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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..40f030e --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #50797 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50797) diff --git a/old/50797-8.txt b/old/50797-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 5962520..0000000 --- a/old/50797-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22481 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Tagalog Texts with Grammatical Analysis, by -Leonard Bloomfield - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: Tagalog Texts with Grammatical Analysis - -Author: Leonard Bloomfield - -Release Date: December 30, 2015 [EBook #50797] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAGALOG TEXTS *** - - - - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project -Gutenberg (This book was produced from scanned images of -public domain material from the Google Books project.) - - - - - - - - - UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS STUDIES - IN - LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE - - Vol. III May-November, 1917 Nos. 2-4 - - - Board of Editors - - George T. Flom - William A. Oldfather - Stuart P. Sherman - - - Published by the University of Illinois - Under the Auspices of the Graduate School - Urbana, Illinois - - - - - - - Copyright, 1917 - By the University of Illinois. - - - - - - - - TAGALOG TEXTS - WITH GRAMMATICAL - ANALYSIS - - PART I: TEXTS AND TRANSLATION - PART II: GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS - PART III: LIST OF FORMATIONS AND GLOSSARY - - - BY - - LEONARD BLOOMFIELD - - - UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS - - 1917 - - - - - - - - - -TABLE OF CONTENTS - - -PART I - PAGE - Preface 9 - List of Books and Articles consulted 13 - Texts in Phonetic Transcription and Translation 16 - - -PART II--GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS - - A. PHONETICS 134 - - 1. Distinctive sounds 134 - 2. Syllabication 138 - 3. Accentuation 141 - - B. SYNTAX 146 - - 1. Sentence and word 146 - - a. Syntactic relations 146 - b. Parts of speech 146 - c. Static and transient words 147 - d. Personal names 147 - e. The object construction 148 - f. Expressions of indefinite quantity 150 - - 2. Subject and predicate 151 - - a. Non-predicative sentences 151 - b. The subject 153 - c. The predicate 153 - d. Subordinate predications 159 - e. Omission of predicate 160 - - 3. Attributes 160 - - a. Conjunctive attributes 162 - b. Disjunctive attributes 170 - c. Local attributes 177 - d. Absolute attributes 180 - - 4. Serial groups 205 - - C. MORPHOLOGY 210 - - 1. Composition 210 - 2. General features of word-formation 211 - 3. Description of formations 218 - - I. Primary groups (zero, pag-, pang-) 218 - - A. Simple static forms 218 - - (1) Root-words 218 - (2) Doubling 223 - (3) Reduplication 224 - (4) Prefix pang- 224 - - B. Transients, abstracts, and special static - words 226 - - (1) Active with -um- and abstract with pag- 226 - (2) Active with mag- and abstract with pag- r 231 - (3) Active with mang- and abstract with - pang- r 239 - (4) Special static words 241 - (5) Direct passive, with -in 243 - (6) Special static words 247 - (7) Instrumental passive, with i- 247 - (8) Special static words 250 - (9) Local passive, with -an 250 - (10) Special static words 257 - - II. Secondary groups 262 - - 1. Prefix si- 262 - 2. Prefix paki- 263 - 3. Prefix ka- 265 - - (1) Simple static forms 265 - (2) Normal transients, abstracts, and - special static forms 268 - (3) Additional transients, abstracts, and - special static forms 280 - - 4. Prefix pa- 298 - - (1) Simple static forms 299 - (2) Normal transients, abstracts, and - special static forms 301 - (3) Transients and abstracts with pa- and ka- 309 - - 5. Prefix pati- 313 - - III. Irregular derivatives 314 - - -PART III - - LIST OF FORMATIONS 317 - INDEX OF WORDS 320 - CORRIGENDA 406 - - - - - - - - - -PREFACE - - -This essay is purely linguistic in character and purpose. - -In taking phonetic notes on Tagalog I noticed that the pronunciation -of the speaker to whom I was listening, Mr. Alfredo Viola Santiago -(at present a student of architectural engineering in the University -of Illinois) presented certain features of accentuation not mentioned -in the descriptions familiar to me. With the intention of briefly -describing these features, I took down more extensive notes and -asked Mr. Santiago to tell me in Tagalog the stories of "The Sun" -and "The Northwind and the Sun," used as models by the International -Phonetic Association. - -The data so obtained showed that the features of accentuation I had -observed were in part distinctive (expressive of word-meaning), and, -further, that certain other features, which were but imperfectly -described in the treatises I knew (so especially the use of the -"ligatures"), appeared in Mr. Santiago's speech in a regular and -intelligible manner. A more extensive study was thus indicated. - -The results of this study were subject to two obvious limitations. The -utterances I had transcribed were either translations or isolated -sentences, and I could not determine to what extent the features of -Mr. Santiago's speech which I had observed were general in Tagalog. - -The former of these limitations was fully overcome when I asked -Mr. Santiago to tell me connected stories. In addition to fortunate -endowments of a more general kind Mr. Santiago possesses, as I found, -that vivacity of intellect and freedom from irrelevant prepossessions -which we seek and so rarely find in people whose language we try -to study. This latter quality may be due in part to the fact that, -as Mr. Santiago's education has been carried on entirely in Spanish -and English, his speech-feeling for his mother-tongue has not been -deflected by the linguistic, or rather pseudo-linguistic training -of the schools, so familiar to us. However this may be, I cannot -be grateful enough to Mr. Santiago (and I hope that the reader -will join me in this feeling) for the intelligence, freshness, and -imagination with which he has given us connected narratives in his -native language,--stories he heard in childhood and experiences of -his own and of his friends. It is to be hoped that some of these -will be of interest to students of folk-lore (as, for instance, -Nos. 9, 10, 11, the old Hindu fable in No. 4, and the Midas story, -much changed, in No. 5); the texts are here given, however, only for -their linguistic interest. - -The second limitation could not be overcome. As there exists at present -no adequate description of the dialectal differentiation of Tagalog, -nor even an adequate description of any one form of the language, -I can make no definite statement as to the relation of Mr. Santiago's -speech to other forms of Tagalog. - -What is here presented is, then, a specimen of the speech of an -educated speaker from Mr. Santiago's home town, San Miguel na Matamés, -Bulacán Province, Luzón. It would have been possible to include in the -description the speech of at least one other educated Tagalog from a -different region (uneducated speakers are unfortunately not within -my reach), as well as such data as might be gathered from printed -Tagalog books: I have refrained from this extension because, at the -present state of our knowledge, a single clearly defined set of data -is preferable to a necessarily incomplete attempt at describing the -whole language in its local and literary variations. Comparison of -literary Tagalog (chiefly the translation of José Rizal's "Noli me -Tangere" by Patricio Mariano, Manila, Morales, 1913 [1]) shows that -Mr. Santiago's speech is not far removed from it. In most cases where -my results deviate from the statements of the Spanish grammars, the -evidence of printed books (and not infrequently the internal evidence -of the grammars themselves) shows that the divergence is due not -to dialectal differences but to the fact that the grammars are the -product of linguistically untrained observers, who heard in terms of -Spanish articulations and classified in those of Latin grammar. - -This study presents, then, the first Tagalog texts in phonetic -transcription and the first scientific analysis of the structure of -the language [2]. Although the nature of the problem forbade the use -of any material other than that obtained from Mr. Santiago, I have -examined all the treatises on Tagalog accessible to me. No experience -could show more clearly than the reading of these books the necessity -of linguistic and especially phonetic training for anyone who wishes -to describe a language. Not one of the works in the following list -[3] contains an intelligible description of the pronunciation of -Tagalog. The only general work of scientific value is the excellent -second volume of P. Serrano Laktaw's dictionary. Much as one may admire -the pioneer courage of Totanes and the originality of Minguella, -these venerable men were as little able to describe a language as -one untrained in botany is to describe a plant. Among the authors of -monographs are several good names and one or two of the greatest in -our science: nearly all of these authors mention the difficulty under -which they labored for want of an adequate description of the language. - - - - - - - - - -LIST OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES CONSULTED - - -Alter, F. C., Über die tagalische Sprache. Wien 1803. - -Blake, F. R., Contributions to comparative Philippine Grammar. (Journal -of the American Oriental Society, vols. 27, 28, 29, 30). - -Brandstetter, R., Tagalen und Madagassen, Luzern 1902. (= his -Malayo-polynesiche Forschungen, ser. 2, no. 2). - -Conant, C. E., The names of the Philippine languages. (Anthropos, -vol. 4). - -The pepet law in the Philippine languages. (Anthropos, vol. 7). - -de Coria, J., Nueva gramática tagalog. Madrid 1872. - -Cue-Malay, G., Frases usuales para la conversacion en espańol tagalo -é ingles. Manila 1898. - -Doherty, D. J., The Tagalog language. (Educational Review, vol. 24). - -Durán, C. G., Manual de conversaciones en castellano tagalo é -inglés. Manila 1900. - -Fernandez, D. E., Nuevo vocabulario ó manual de conversaciones en -espańol, tagalo y pampango. Binondo 1901. - -Francisco [Blancas] de San Josef, Arte y Reglas de la lengua -Tagala. Manila 1832. - -Garcia, F., at Herrera, V., Manga onang turo sa uikang inglés. Maynila -1902. - -Gaspar de San Agustin, Compendio de la Lengua Tagala. Manila 1879. - -Hévia Campomanes, J., Lecciones de gramática Hispano-Tagala. Manila -1872. 3d ed. 1883. 4th ed. 1888. - -von Humboldt, W., Die Kawi-Sprache, vol. 2, pp. 315 ff., 347 ff. (= -Berlin Academy Transactions, 1832, vol. 3). - -Kern, J. H. C., Over zoogenaamde verbindingsklanken in het -Tagala. (Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van -Nederlandsch-Indië, ser. 3, vol. 11). - -Sanskritsche woorden in het Tagala. (ib., ser. 4, vol. 4). - -Kirk, May, The Baldwin primer. Tagalog edition. New York [1899 and -1902 copyright]. - -Lendoyro, C., The Tagalog language. Manila 1902. - -MacKinlay, W. E. W., A handbook and grammar of the Tagalog -language. Washington 1905. - -Marre, A., Grammaire tagalog (Bijdragen, ser. 6, vol. 9). - -Merrill, E. D., A dictionary of the plant names of the Philippine -Islands. Manila 1903. (Publications of the Bureau of Government -Laboratories, Department of the Interior, Philippine Islands, no. 8). - -Miles, J., Método teórico-práctico y compendiado para aprender el -lenguaje Tagálog. Barcelona 1887. - -Minguella, T., Ensayo de gramática Hispano-Tagala. Manila 1878. - -Método práctico para que los nińos y nińas de las provincias tagalas -aprendan á hablar Castellano. Manila 1886. - -Neilson, P. D., English-Tagalog Dictionary. Manila 1903. - -Tagalog-English Dictionary. Manila 1903. - -Nigg, C., Tagalog English and English Tagalog Dictionary. Manila 1904. - -de Noceda, J., y de Sanlucar, P., Vocabulario de la lengua -Tagala. Manila 1860. - -Paglinawan, M., Balarilang Tagalog [on cover: Gramatikang Tagalog] -Maynila 1910. - -Pardo de Tavera, T. H., Consideraciones sobre el origen del nombre -de los números en Tagalog (La Espańa oriental 1889). - -El Sánscrito en la lengua Tagalog. Paris 1887. - -Rizal, José, Die Transcription des Tagalog. (Translated by -F. Blumentritt, Bijdragen, vol. 42). - -de los Santos, Domingo, Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala. Manila 1835 -(reimpreso). - -Serrano, R., Diccionario de terminos comunes -Tagalo-Castellano. Ed. 3. Binondo 1869. - -Nuevo diccionario manual Espańol-Tagalo. Manila 1872. - -Serrano Laktaw, P., Diccionario Hispano-Tagalog. Primera parte. Manila -1889. - -Diccionario Tagalog-Hispano. Segunda parte. Manila 1914. - -de Totanes, S., Arte de la lengua Tagala. Manila 1745. Sampaloc -1796. Manila 1850. Binondo 1865 (reimpreso). - -Wolfensohn, L. B., The infixes la, li, lo in Tagalog. (Journal of -the American Oriental Society, vol. 27). - - - - - - - - - -I. TEXTS IN PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION - - -1. ANG ULŇL NA UNGGŇ` AT ANG MARÚNONG NA PAGŇNG. - -Mínsan ang pagňng hábang nalělígo sa ílog, ay nakŕkíta syŕ nang isa -ng púno-ng-ságing na lumůlútang at tinátangŕy nang ágos. Hiníla niya -sa pasígan, dátapwat hindí nya madalŕ sa lúpa`. Dáhil díto tináwag -nya ang kaybígan niya ng unggň` at iniyálay nyŕ ang kapútol nang -púno-ng-ságing kung itátanim nyŕ ang kanyŕ ng kapartč. Tumangň` ang -unggň` at hináte nilŕ sa gitnŕ` mulá sa magkábila ng dúlo ang púno -nang ságing. Inangkěn nang unggň ang kapútol na máy manga dáhon, -dáhil sa panukálŕ nya na iyňn ay tůtúbo na mabúti káy sa kapútol na -wala ng dáhon. - -Nang makaraŕn ang ila ng áraw, ang púno nang unggň` ay namatŕy, yámang -ang sa pagňng ay tumúbo hanggŕng sa magbúnga. Ang manga ságing ay -nahinňg, dátapwat hindí maakyŕt nang pagňng. Dahil díto tináwag nyŕ -ang kanya ng kaybíga ng unggň` at inyálay nya ang ila ng búnga nang -ságing kung ŕakyatin nyŕ ang púno`. Ang unggň` ay umakyŕt at kumáin -nang makŕkáya. - -Sinábi nang pagňng: "Hulúgan mo akň." - -Dátapuwat isinagňt nang unggň`: "Balat mŕn at malinamnŕm ay hindí -kita hůhulúgan." - -Ang pagňng ay nagálit at nagsábug sya nang tiněk sa palígid nang -púno`. Nang lumuksň ang unggň ay nátinik syŕ. Pinagbintangan nyŕ ang -pagňng at kanya ng hinánap úpang parusáhan niyŕ. Nŕhúli nya ang pagňng -sa kabilŕ nang isa ng toňd. - -Sinábi nya sa pagňng: "Kitŕ ay áki ng parůrusáhan. Mamíli ka sa -dalawŕ. Dikdikěn kitŕ sa lusňng o lunúrin kitŕ sa ílog?" - -Ang marúnong na pagňng ay nagumpisŕ nang pagsisigŕw at hinilěng nya -sa unggň` na, kung maŕáre`, ay dikdikěn siya sa lusňng. - -Dátapwat isinagňt nang unggň`: "Ibíbigay kň sa iyň ang parúsa na -hindí mo gustň." - -At inihágis nya sa ílog ang pagňng. - -Nang dumápo ang pagňng sa túbig ay nagsisigŕw sya at sinábi nyŕ sa -unggň`: "Salámat, kaybígan. Itň ang áki ng těráhan!" - - - - - -2. ANG PAGTATAKBÚHAN NANG USŔ AT NANG SUSŇ`. - -Isŕ ng usŕ ng nangěngináin sa gúbat ay nakátagpň nang isa ng susň` na -gumŕgápang sa dáhon nang búho`. Ang usŕ ay naghintň nang pangingináin -at pinagmasdŕn nyŕ ang mabágal na paggápang nang susň`. - -Makaraŕn ang ila ng sandalě` ay sinábi nyŕ sa susň`: "Ano ng hína mo -ng lumákad! Bákit hindí ka magáral na lumákad nang matúlin? Gáya ko, -aků y paráti ng nŕhŕhábul nang manga áso, dátapwat ang matúlin ko ng -pagtakbň ay sya ng naglíligtŕs sa ákin nang áki ng búhay. Dátapwat -gáya mň, kung ikŕw ay habúlin nang káhit anň ng kaáway, papáno ang -mangyŕyári sa iyo ng búhay? Pího ng ikŕw ay mŕpŕpatŕy." - -Pagkárinig nang susň` sa manga salitŕ ng itň ay tiningnŕn nya ang usŕ -at kanya ng pinagarálan ang maínam nya ng pangangatawŕn, ang kanya ng -mahahába ng paŕ, at ang malalakŕs nya ng lamŕn. Iníbig nya na siya mŕn -ay gaya rěn nang usŕ úpang siyŕ ay makatakbň nang matúlin. Dátapwat -kanyŕ ng inakálŕ` na, kung pilítin nya na sya y tumakbň, ay hindí -sya mŕhůhulč nang malakě sa usŕ. - -Sa gayňn ay isinagot nyŕ sa usŕ: "Ikŕw ay mapangmatŕ. Hindí -mo hiněhinálŕ` kung anň ang magágawa nang isa ng may matíbay na -paggustň. Hinŕhámon kitŕ na makipagtakbúhan sa ákin mula ríto hanggŕng -sa ílog na nása bandŕ ng kalunúran mulŕ ríto." - -Ang usŕ ay tumáwa nang malakŕs at isinagňt sa susň`: "Bákit mo inakála -ng tŕtalúnin mo akň? Sigúro ng ikŕw ay magdŕdáya`!" - -Isinagňt nang susň`, na hindí siya magdŕdáya`, at, úpang máy-roo -ng tumingěn sa kanilŕ at magěng hukňm sa kanila ng pagtatakbúhan, -ay sinábi nyŕ na tumáwag silŕ nang isŕ sa manga kayibígan nilŕ, -na sya ng magíging hukňm. - -Ang usŕ ay pumáyag, at tináwag nilŕ ang isa ng kálaw, úpang siya ng -magěng hukňm. - -Nang magumpisŕ silŕ nang pagtakbň ay malakě ang nagěng pagkáhuli nang -susň`. Sa kanyŕ ng pagtakbň ang usŕ ay nakáraŕn nang isa ng mayábung -na damúhan. Naghintú sya úpang mangináin, yámang malakě ang pagkáuna -nya sa susň`. Binálak nyŕ na pagkátanaw nya na dumárating ang susň` -ay tátakbo syŕ ng mulě`. Dátapuwat, nang sya y makapangináin, ay -sinumpňng sya nang katŕmáran. Natúlug sya sa panukálŕ na mŕgěgising -syŕ bágo dumatěng ang susň`. - -Dátapwat, hábang sya y natůtúlog, ay nakaraŕn ang susň`. Nang mágising -syŕ ay malálim nŕ sa hápon. Tumakbo syŕ nang úbus-lakŕs patúngu sa -ílog, at doňn ay sinalúbong sya nang susň` at nang kanila ng hukňm -na kálaw. - -"Ikŕw ay talúnan," winíka pagdáka nang kanila ng hukňm. - - - - - -3. ISŔ NG BIYŔRNES-SŔNTO. - -Si Hwŕn at ang kanyŕ ng kaybíga ng si Pédro ay namámangká sa ílug -patúngo sa báya-ng-Balíwag. Sa bangkŕ` ay máy-roon silŕ ng isŕ ng -laráwan nang Krísto na kanila ng iniháhatid sa páre`, úpang magámit sa -pagdadáus nang isa ng Pitů ng Wíka`. Si Hwŕn ay siněsiglŕn nang tákot. - -Sinábi nya kay Pédro: "Ang táwu nátin sa bangkŕ` ay tadtŕd nang súgat -at hindí humíhingŕ. Sa akálŕ ko y patŕy ang táo ng iyŕn. Baká táyu -ang pagbintangŕn nang pári ng áti ng paghŕhatdŕn sa kanyŕ." - -Isinagňt ni Pédro: "Sŕsabíhin nátin sa kanyŕ na, nang mŕlúlan sa -áti ng bangkŕ` ang táo ng itň y ganyan nŕ ang kanya ng anyň`. Táyu -y marámi ng tagapagpatotoň, kanyá hwag kŕ ng matákot." - -Nang dumatěng sila sa páre`, ay ibinigŕy nila ang laráwan. Pinagsabíhan -silŕ nang páre` na pumaroňn sila sa simbáhan kinŕbukásan nang hápon, -úpang makiněg nang sčrmon. - -Si Hwŕn ay siniglŕ ng mulí nang tákot, sapagkŕt hindí nya mŕpagkúro -kung bákit íbig nang páre` na silŕ ay pása simbáhan. Paráti sya ng -nakárinig nang manga táo ng kinumbidŕ sa simbáhan at doňn ay hinúli -nang gwŕrdya-siběl. Dátapuwat hindí sya nagwíka nang anu mŕn kay Pédro, -sapagkŕt nŕkěkíta nya na itň y walŕ ng tákot. - -Kinŕbukásan nang hápun ay naparoňn sila sa simbáhan, at doňn ay nŕkíta -nilŕ ang isa ng Krísto ng nŕpŕpáků sa krůs. - -Winíkŕ ni Hwŕn: "Ang táu ng yaňn, kung iyň ng natŕtandaŕn, ay sya -náti ng inihatěd sa páre`. Mabúti táyo y dumoňn sa isa ng lugŕr na -hindí maáabut nang matŕ nang páre`." - -Kanyá silŕ ng dalawŕ ay naparoňn sa ilálim nang půlpito, úpang doňn -nilŕ pakinggŕn ang sčrmon. Nagumpisŕ ang Syéti-Palábras, at ang párě -ay dumárating nŕ sa bandŕ ng hulě nang kanya ng sčrmon. - -Winíkŕ nang pári sa kanya ng sčrmon: "Magsísi kayň sa inyů ng manga -kasalánan, malulupět na táo. Masdŕn ninyň ang manga súgat na hiníwa -ninyů sa katawŕn nang áti ng Mŕnanákop." - -Pagkárinig nitň ni Hwŕn ay sya y siniglŕ ng mulí nang tákot, sapagkŕt -inakálŕ nya na siya y nŕpŕpagbintangŕn. - -Kanyŕ` ang ginawá nya ay umalěs sya sa ilálim nang půlpito, hinarŕp nya -ang páre`, at sinábi nya: "Ámong, hindí po kamě ang sumúgat sa táo ng -iyŕn. Nang sya y ilúlan sa ámi ng bangkŕ`, ay sugatan nŕ sya antimáno." - -Pagkawíkŕ nya nitň ay bumalěk sya sa ilálim nang půlpito. Hindí -pinansěn nang párě` ang manga nárinig nya ng salitŕ`, at ipinatúluy -nya ang kanya ng sčrmon. - -"Dumating nŕ ang áraw na kayň ng manga makasalánan ay dápat -magsipagsísi. Ang manga pintúan nang lángit ay nábuksan nŕ sa -pagkamatŕy nang áti ng Mŕnanákop, at káhit na sínu ng makasalánan ay -makapŕpásuk sa lángit, kung sila y magsipagsísi. Dátapwat, kung hindí -kayo magsipagsísi, ay mŕpŕparusáhan kayň nang hírap na wala ng hanggŕn -sa manga apůy sa infyčrno, dahilŕn sa manga hírap na ipinasákit ninyň -sa áti ng Mŕnanákop. Masdŕn ninyň ang kanyŕ ng katawŕn na pumŕpáwis -nang dugň`, ang kanya ng paŕ t kamŕy na nŕpŕpáko sa krůs, at ang kanyŕ -ng manga súgat mulá sa paŕ hanggŕng úlo. Wala ng ibŕ ng nagpŕpahírap -sa kanyŕ at sumúgat sa kanyŕ ng mahŕl na katawŕn, kung hindí kayň, -manga táwo ng makasalánan, at, kung hindí kayo magsipagsísi, ay -mahůhúlug kayo sa infyčrno!" - -Si Hwŕn ay hindí mŕpalagŕy, at inakálŕ nya na ang pári ay -siněsilakbuhŕn nang gálit lában sa kanyŕ. - -Kanyŕ` hinarap nyŕ ng mulí ang páre`, at sinábi nya nang úbus-lakŕs: -"Ámong, sinábi ko na pň` sa inyň kanína na hindí ako kasále ng sumúgat -sa táo ng iyán, kanyá hwag pň ninyo akň ng ipadalŕ sa impyčrno." - -Ang pári ay siniglŕn nang malakě ng gálit, kanyá sinábi nya sa mangŕ -nakíkiněg: "Anu ba kayň, manga ungŕs na táo? Walá baga ní isa sa inyň -na makaháwak sa táo ng itň úpang bigtihěn?" - -Pagkárinig nitň ni Hwŕn ay tumakbo syŕ nang úbus-lakŕs at sinagasáa -ng walŕ ng patumanggŕ ang manga táo ng nŕlůluhňd at umíiyŕk sa -pagsisísi nang kanilŕ ng kasalánan. Sinundan syŕ ni Pédro at silŕ ng -dalawŕ ay nagtakbúhan nang wala ng hintň hanggŕng sa dumatěng sila -sa kanila ng báyan. At doňn ay ipinamalítŕ nila ang bútas-karáyum na -niligtasŕn nilŕ. - - - - - -4. ANG KÚBA` AT ANG BULŔG. - -Isa ng kúba` at isa ng bulŕg ay matálik na magkaybígan. Kung sila -y naglálakŕd ang kúba` ang umŕákay sa bulŕg. Ang bulŕg namŕn ay syŕ -ng pumápasŕn sa kúbŕ kung máy-roon silŕ ng mahírap na nilŕlakáran, -sapagkŕt ang kúba` ay mahína` ang katawŕn. - -Mínsan sila y nakáraŕn nang isŕ ng púno-ng-nyňg. Íbig nila ng pumitŕs -nang búnga, dátapuwat hindí nila mŕláman kung síno sa kanilŕ ng -dalawŕ ang áakyŕt sa púnň`. Sinábi nang bulŕg na hindí sya makaáakyŕt, -sapagkŕt hindí nya mŕkěkíta kung alěn ang pěpitasín, yámang máy-roo -ng manga múra ng búnga. Ang kúba` ay hindi rěn íbig umakyŕt, dahilŕn -sa kanyŕ ng kahináan. Dátapuwat malakě ang pagkágusto nyŕ na kumáin -nang nyňg. Kanyŕ`, sa katapusŕn ay sinábi nya na siyŕ ang áakyŕt. - -"Úpang huwag kŕ ng mŕnakáwan nang manga ilálaglag kň ng búnga, ay -běbilángin mo nang malakŕs ang kalabůg sa lúpa nang manga búnga na -ilálaglag kň, úpang áki ng matandaŕn ang bílang." - -Ang kúba ay nagumpisŕ nang pagakyŕt, dátapwat pangangalahátě nya ay -nahúlug syŕ. - -"Isŕ!" ang sábi nang bulŕg. - -Sinábi sa kanyŕ nang kúbŕ` na siyŕ ang kumalabňg at hindí ang búnga -nang nyňg. - -Umakyŕt sya ulč`. Pagkaraŕn nang ila ng sandalě` ay nahúlog ulí sya. - -"Dalawŕ!" isinigŕw nang bulŕg. - -Ang kúba ay nagálit, at sinábi nya sa bulŕg na syŕ ay maúlit. - -Winíkŕ nya: "Iyo ng úna ng kumalabňg ay akň, ang ikalawŕ ay ako -rěn. Kanyŕ`, wala pŕ ng niyňg akň ng nŕpěpitŕs." - -Dátapuwat ang bulŕg ay nagakála ng gawě ng katatawanŕn ang pagkahúlog -nang kúba`. Kanyá binálak nya na, kung makárinig syŕ ulč nang kalabňg, -ay sísigaw syŕ nang "Tatlň!" - -Ang kúba ay umakyŕt na mulě`, dátapwat nahúlog děn syŕ. Ang bulŕg -ay sumigŕw nang "Tatlň!" at tumáwa sya. Ang kúba ay nagínit nang -gálit. Nilapítan nya ang bulŕg at kanyŕ ng sinampŕl sa mukhŕ`. Ang -sampŕl ay tumáma sa manga matŕ nang bulŕg, at dáhil díto ay nadílat -ang kanyŕ ng manga matŕ. - -Úpang manghigantě sya ay sinípŕ nya ang kúba`. Tinamaan nyŕ itň sa -likňd at dáhil díto ay nŕúnat ang kanya ng kúba`. - -Silŕ ng dalawŕ ay natwá sa nangyári at lálo ng tumíbay ang kanila ng -pagkakaybígan sa lugŕr nang magkasirá silŕ. - - - - - -5. ANG HÁRI NG MAY SÚNGAY AT SI HWŔN. - -Sa isŕ ng kapuluwŕn naghŕhári ang isa ng táwu ng may dalawŕ ng maiiklě -ng súngay na nŕtŕtágů sa malagú nya ng buhňk. Hindí itň nŕlŕláman nang -kanya ng manga pinaghŕharían. Dátapwat ang líhim na ytň y nagumpisŕ ng -nŕibadyŕ sa madlŕ` sa pamamagítan nang manga manggugúpit na nakŕpútul -nang kanyŕ ng buhňk. - -Kanyá sya y nagkaroňn nang malaki ng gálit sa manga barbéro, at inakálŕ -nya ng lipúlin ang manga barbéro sa kanya ng kaharyŕn. Iniyútus nya ng -humúkay nang ápat na malálim na balňn sa harapŕn nang kanya ng těráhan, -at sa gitná nang ápat na húkay na yitň ay nagpalagŕy sya nang isa ng -ůpúan. Isa ng áraw naupó sya sa taburéte sa gitná nang ápat na húkay, -at báwat táo ng nagdaŕn ay tinanůng nya kung marúnung manggupět. Ang -báwat sumagňt nang "Óo" ay pinahintú nya úpang bigyŕn nya nang guntěng -at syŕ y gupitŕn. Pagkaraŕn nang ilŕ ng sandalě` ay itinanůng nya sa -báwat manggugúpit kung anň ang nŕkěkíta nya sa úlo nang háre`. Ang -manga manggugúpit ay nagsipagsábi nang katotohánan at báwat isŕ -sa kanilŕ ay sumagňt nang súngay ang kanila ng nŕkěkíta. Ang báwat -sumagňt nang ganitň ay ibinulěd nang háre` sa isŕ sa manga húkay sa -palígid niyŕ. - -Nakaraŕn ang ila ng áraw at ang dalawŕ ng húkay ay napunú nŕ nang manga -barbéro at pinatabúnan na nyŕ. Dumálang ang manga tao ng nagdádaŕn -na marúnung manggupět, at ang háre ay nagakála ng nápatay nŕ niya ng -lahŕt ang manga barbéro sa kanyŕ ng kaharyŕn. - -Isa ng áraw ay naghintŕy sya sa kanya ng ůpúan hanggŕng katanghalían -bágo nagdaŕn ang isa ng táo na nagsábi ng sya y marúnung gumupět -nang buhňk. - -Itinanůng sa kanyŕ nang háre`: "Anň ang pangálan mo?" - -Isinagňt nang táo: "Ang pangálan ko pň` ay Hwŕn." - -"Gupitŕn mo akň, Hwŕn," iniyútus nang háre`. - -Lumápit si Hwŕn sa háre` at inumpisahan nyŕ ang panggugupět. - -Makaraŕn ang ila ng sandalě` ay itinanůng nang háre`: "Anň ang nŕkěkíta -mo sa úlo ko, Hwŕn?" - -Ang kanya ng sagňt ay ganitň: "Ang iyo pň ng Kamŕhálan, nŕkěkíta ko -sa úlo ninyň ang koróna." - -Itň ay ikinatuwá nang háre`. Kanyá nagtindig syŕ sa ůpúan at inákay -nya si Hwŕn sa kanya ng palásiyo at ginawá nya si Hwŕn na barbéro nang -háre`. Malakě ang suwčldu na ibinigŕy nya kay Hwŕn, at pinatabúnan -nya ang manga nŕtětirŕ ng húkay. - - - - - -6. TATLŇ NG ESTUDYŔNTE. - -Si Hwŕn, si Pédro, at si Andrčs ay tatlň ng magkakayibíga ng estudyŕnte -ng magkababáyan. Nang dumatěng ang pagbubukŕs nang manga pŕaralŕn ay -nŕláman nilŕ na silŕ ay magkŕkahiwá-hiwalŕy. Iba t ibŕ ng báyan ang -kapŕpatungúhan nang báwat isŕ sa kanilŕ. Bágo silŕ naghiwá-hiwalŕy -ay nagtěpánan silŕ nang pagtŕtagpuŕn nila ng lugŕr paguumpisŕ nang -bakasyňn. - -Nakaraŕn ang isa ng taňn at dumatěng ang pagsasarŕ nang kláse at ang -manga estudyŕnte ay naguwían sa kaní-kanilŕ ng báyan, at ang tatlň -ng magkakaybíga ng si Pédro, si Hwŕn, at si Andrčs ay nagtatagpň sa -báya ng tinubúan ni Pédro, úpang doňn sila magpalípas nang bakasyňn. - -Nang silŕ y magkikíta, pagkaraŕn nang iba t ibŕ ng bágay na kanilŕ ng -pinagusápan, ay nagsiyásat silŕ kung ganň ang nŕtutúhan nang báwat -isŕ sa kanila ng pagaáral nang wíka ng Kastíla`. Sinábi ni Pédro na -syŕ ay marámi ng nŕlŕláma ng salitŕ ng Kastíla`, dátapuwat ang maígi -nya ng natŕtandaŕn ay ang salitŕ ng "Bámos." - -Sumagňt namŕn si Hwŕn: "Ako mŕn ay marámi rě ng nŕlŕláman, dátapuwat -sa ngayňn ang nŕŕalaála ko ay ang salitŕ ng 'Matŕr.'" - -Si Andrčs namŕn ay nagwíka ng walá sya ng nŕtutúhan kung hindí ang -salitŕ ng "Sě." - -Makaraŕn ang kanila ng pagsasŕlitáan ay nagyayá si Pédro na sila -ay mamangká sa ílog at magsipalígo tulňy. Nang sila y namámangká na -sa ílog, sa pangpŕng ay nakátanaw silŕ nang isŕ ng Kastílŕ` na íbig -malígo`. Sinábi ni Pédro na mabúti ay makipagúsap silŕ sa Kastíla`, -úpang sa gayů y mŕipakíta nilŕ ang kaní-kanilŕ ng dúnong. - -Nagumpisŕ si Pédro at sinábi nya ng "Bámos!" - -Si Hwŕn namŕn ay sumagňt: "Matŕr!" - -At sa hulč ay si Andrčs ang kanya ng "Sě!" - -Nang márinig itň nang Kastíla`, ay siniglŕn sya nang tákot, sapagkŕt -inakálŕ nya na pŕpataěn sya nang tatlň ng namámangkŕ`. Kanyá, káhit na -hindí sya marúnung lumangňy, ay nagtalňn sya sa ílog at sya y nalúnod. - - - - - -7. ISA NG SUNDÁLU NG MARÚNUNG NANG LATĚN. - -Tatlň ng magkakayibígan, isa ng párč`, isa ng manggagámut, at isa -ng sundálu, ay magkakasáma ng nagsipamarěl nang maiílap na háyup sa -isŕ ng maláwak na gúbat. Ang gúbat ay maláyů sa báyan. Kanyŕ` silŕ -ay nagdalŕ nang marámi ng báon, úpang hwag silŕ ng gutúmin. - -Nakaraŕn ang ila ng áraw, dátapuwat walá pa sila ng nŕhůhúli káhit -anň. Ang kanila ng báon ay umuntí nang umuntě` hanggŕng sa walŕ ng -nátira kung hindí isa ng hilŕw na itlňg. Dumatěng sa kanilŕ ang áraw -nang malaki ng gútom, dátapuwat sila ng tatlň ay walŕ ng pagkáin kung -hindí ang itlňg lámang na nŕtětirŕ. - -Sinábi nang páre` na, kung paghatían nilŕ ang isa ng itlňg, ay hindí -makabůbúti sa kanilŕ, sapagkŕt hindí makapŕpáwi` nang kaní-kanila ng -gútom. Kaniyŕ` ipináyu nang párě` na isŕ lámang sa kanilŕ ng tatlň ang -kumáin nang itlňg na nŕtětirŕ,--at sa kanya ng kasakimŕn ay ipináyu -nya na kung sínu sa kanilŕ ang pinakamahúsay na magsalitá nang Latěn -ay sya lámang kŕkáin nang itlňg. Inakálŕ nya na ang sundálu ay hindí -marúnung nang Latěn at ang médiko lámang ang sya nyŕ ng mŕkŕkatálo, -at ang dúnong nitň y kanya ng minámatŕ. - -Ang médiko y umáyun sa hátul nang párě`, dátapuwat ang sundálu ay áyaw -pumáyag, sapagkŕt hindí sya nagáral na gáya nang pári` at nang médiko; -ngúnit walá sya ng magawŕ`. - -Kinúha nang párě` ang itlůg at itinuktňk nya sa isa ng batň. Nang -mabásag ang itlňg ay sinábi nyŕ: "Koronátum est," at tiningnŕn nyŕ -ang dalawŕ nya ng kasáma. - -Inabůt nang médiko ang basŕg na itlňg, inalis nyŕ ang balŕt na basŕg -at nilagyan nyŕ nang asěn at kanya ng sinábi: "Sŕltum est." - -Iniyabůt nang manggagámot sa sundálu ang itlůg, at ang páre at siyŕ ay -naghintŕy nang sŕsabíhin nang sundálo. Itň y walŕ ng mŕláma ng sabíhin, -sapagkŕt katunáya ng walá sya ng nŕlŕláman káhit isa ng hóta tungkůl sa -Latěn. Sa kanya ng pagiisěp ay nŕalaála nya na, mínsan pumásuk sya sa -simbáhan úpang makiněg nang Syéti-Palábras, ay nárinig nyŕ sa párě` na -ang kahulugŕn nang salitŕ ng "Konsumátum est" ay "Tapus nŕ ang lahŕt." - -Kanyŕ ibinúhos nya sa kanyŕ ng biběg ang itlňg, at pagkalaguk nyŕ ay -kanya ng sinábi: "Konsumátum est." - -Ang dalawŕ nya ng kasáma ay nŕpagúlat nang malakě sa hindí nila -hininála ng dúnung nang sundálo. - - - - - -8. ANG PITŮ NG DWČNDE. - -Isŕ ng magasáwa ay máy-roo ng pitů ng anŕk na dwčnde. Ang amŕ ay walŕ -ng trabáho at hindí rěn siya makŕkíta nang trabáho. Ang inŕ namŕn ay -hindí kuměkíta nang salapě`, sapagkŕt mahína` ang kanyŕ ng katawŕn -at paráti sa sakět. - -Isa ng tangháli` sila y nŕůupú sa isa ng bangkň` at pinagůusápan nilŕ -ang kanila ng pamumúhay na pinagdŕdaanŕn. Itinanůng nang laláke kung -anň ang mabúte nila ng gawěn sa kanila ng marŕmi ng anŕk. Ipináyu -nang babáye na kanilŕ ng ihánap nang trabáho ang manga báta`, úpang -kumíta silŕ nang kwaltŕ. Dátapuwat isinagňt nang laláki na sa akálŕ -nya ay hindí sila makŕkěkíta nang trabáho, sapagkŕt siya rěn ay -wala ng mŕkíta. Kanyŕ` ipináyu nyŕ na ang mabúti ay itápun nilŕ ang -manga báta`. - -Itň y ikinalungkňt at ikináiyŕk nang babáye. Áyaw sya ng pumáyag -na itápon ang manga báta`. Dátapuwat ipinakíta sa kanyŕ nang kanyŕ -ng asáwa na, kung hindí nila gawěn iyňn, sila ng lahŕt ay mamámatay -nang gútom. Sa kalaúnan ay pumáyag ang babáe at pinagkŕsunduŕn nila -na dalhěn nila ng magpasyŕl ang manga báta` at kanila ng íwan sa daŕn. - -Hábang pinagůusápan nilŕ itň, ang ikapitů ng bátŕ ay nása isŕ ng -bitŕk nang bangkň na kanila ng inůupŕn at nárinig nya ng lahŕt ang -gŕgawin sa kanilŕ nang kanila ng magúlang. Pagkaraŕn nang kanilŕ ng -sŕlitáan ay hinánap pagdáka nang báta ang kanyŕ ng manga kapatěd at -ibinalítŕ nya ang kanya ng náriněg. Silŕ ay nagěyákan, sapagkŕt hindí -ipinaálam sa kanilŕ nang kanila ng magúlang na silŕ ay nakabíbigat -sa kanila ng pamumúhay. Inakálŕ nila na, kung itň y nŕláman nilŕ, -káhit na papáno tůtúlong sila ng maghánap nang kabuháyan. Dátapuwat -pinagkŕsunduwan nilŕ na silŕ y sumáma pag niyáyŕ sila ng magsipagpasyŕl -at paligŕw silŕ. - -Kinŕbukásan hinánap silŕ nang kanilŕ ng amŕ, pinapagbíhis -sila, binigyŕn sila nang manga púto, at sinábi ng sila y -magsísipagpasyŕl. Nang silŕ y magumpisŕ ang ikapitň ng báta ay -hindí kináin ang kanya ng tinápay, dátapuwat magmulá sa kanila ng -tŕrangkáhan ay dinúrog nya ang tinápay at ibinudbňd nya sa daŕ ng -kanila ng nilakáran. Nang sila y málayú nŕ ay naubúsan sya nang -tinápay, kanyá nanghingí sya sa kanya ng manga kapatěd. Dátapwat -hindí nila syŕ binigyŕn. Itň namŕn ay hindí sinábi sa kanilŕ kung -bákit sya naubúsan agŕd nang tinápay. Nang hindí sya makáhingě nang -tinápay ay namúlot sya nang manga batň, at itň y sya nyŕ ng isa-isŕ -ng inilaglŕg sa kanila ng pinagdaánan. - -Nang dumatěng sila sa isa ng gúbat ay iníwan silŕ nang kanilŕ -ng magúlang at pinagsabíhan silŕ na hantayěn sila doňn, at silŕ y -bábalik agŕd. Silŕ y naíwan, dátapwat nŕlŕláman nilŕ na hindí sila -pagbŕbalikŕn nang kanila ng magúlang. - -Nang makaraŕn ang ila ng sandalě`, ay nakárinig silŕ nang isa ng -íngay. Pinuntahŕn nilŕ ang lugŕr na pinanggŕgalíngan nang íngay. Doňn -ay nŕkíta nilŕ ang isa ng malakě ng higŕnte na nalělígo sa tabi nang -isa ng balňn. Tiningnŕn nila ang palígid-lígid nang lugŕr, at sa -tabě nang isa ng káhuy ay nŕkíta nilŕ ang pananamět nang higŕnte. Ang -ikapitů ng bŕta ay pinaalěs ang kanya ng manga kapatěd at sinábi nya -na magtágo silŕ at kanyŕ ng nŕnakáwin ang sapátos nang higŕnte. Itň -ay kanila ng ginawŕ`, at ninákaw nang báta ang sapátos. - -Nang makapalígo` ang higŕnte at siyŕ y nagběbíhis ay hindí nya mŕkíta -ang kanya ng manga sapátos. Sya y nagálit at nagmurŕ. Tumáwag sya nang -túlong. Nang itň y máriněg nang numákaw nang sapátos ay dali-dáli sya -ng dumalň. Nang mŕkíta sya nang higŕnte ay hindí sya pinagbintangŕn, -sapagkŕt dahilŕn sa kanya ng kaliitŕn ay inakálŕ nang higŕnte ng -hindí nya madádala ang sapátos. - -Kanyŕ` itň y nagwíka sa kanyŕ: "Kung iyo ng dŕdalhěn ito ng súpot ko -nang kwaltŕ sa áki ng asáwa at pabilhěn mo syŕ nang sapátos at ihatěd -nya sa ákin, ay ůupáhan kitŕ nang marámi ng kwŕlta." - -Sinábi tulňy nya na sya y hindí nakalŕlákad nang wala ng sapátos, -kanyá sya y magmadalě`. Nang mŕkúha nya ang súpot nang kwaltŕ ay -ipinangáků nya ng bábalik syŕ agŕd. Dátapwat, nang málayo sya, ay -tináwag nya ang manga nŕtŕtágů nya ng kapatěd, at nang sila y maípon ay -nagyayá sya ng umuwč`. Dátapwat isinagňt nang kanya ng manga kapatěd -na hindí nila nŕlŕláman ang daŕ ng pauwč`. Ngúnit kanyŕ ng isinagňt -na tůtuntuněn nilŕ ang kanya ng inilaglŕg na batň at tinápay sa daŕn. - -Sinábi nang isŕ nyŕ ng kapatěd na, kung nŕláman nya kung anň ang -kanya ng ginawŕ` sa tinápay, ay binigyŕn sána nya syŕ nang syŕ y -manghingě`. Kanilŕ ng ikinalungkňt ang ipinakíta nila ng karamútan -sa kanila ng kapatěd. - -Hindí naláon at nŕtagpuan nilŕ ang hiléra nang manga batň sa daŕn. Itň -y tinuntňn nila at nakaratěng sila sa kanila ng báhay, dalŕ nilŕ -ang súpot nang kwaltŕ na kanila ng ibinigŕy pagdáka sa kanila ng -magúlang. Silŕ y nangatwá at nangalungkňt dahilŕn sa kanilŕ ng malě -ng inásal sa manga anŕk,--sila y natwá sapagkŕt máy-roon sila ng -ikabůbúhay sa maláo ng panahňn. - - - - - -9. ISŔ NG PULĚS NA NAGASWŔNG-ASWÁNGAN. - -Noň ng tagáraw nang taň ng míle-nobisyčntos-dňs, hábang ang manga -hinňg na búnga nang káhoy ay nangakabiyábit sa manga sangŕ, lumagánap -ang balíta sa boo ng báyan nang San-Antónyo na máy-roo ng aswŕng na -naglílibot sa báyan. - -Ang manga táo-ng-San-Antónyo sa manga taň ng iyňn ay may paniniwála` -sa manga núno`, aswŕng, dwčnde, at iba pŕ ng katatakutŕn. Karamíhan sa -kanilŕ y hindí nagkapálad na makapagáral, dátapwat, káhit na ganitň ang -kalŕgáyan nila, sila y manga táwo ng mababaět, matahímik, at masisípag. - -Ang manga báhay sa báya ng itň ay maliliět at nayŕyárě nang páwid at -kawáyan. Máy-roon dě ng ila ng báhay na tablŕ. Karamíhan ay nŕtŕtayň -sa malalakě ng bakúran, at ang dulúhan nang bakúran ay nŕtŕtamnŕn -nang manga púno-ng-káhoy na masasarŕp ang búnga, gáya nang tsíko, -súha`, santňl, mabúlo, manggŕ, at iba pŕ. - -Kasalukúya ng nagkŕkahinňg ang manga búnga-ng-káhuy na ytň nang -lumagánap ang balíta na may-roňn nŕ ng ila ng gabě na nŕmatáan nang ila -ng babáe ang aswŕng sa ibŕ t iba ng dulúhan. Ang manga báta at manga -babáe ay siniglŕn nang malakě ng tákot, kanyá pagkagŕt nang dilěm ay -agad-agŕd silŕ ng nagsipanahímik sa loňb nang báhay. Karamíhan nang -manga laláki ay nangatákot děn, dátapwat máy-roo ng ila ng nagsipagsábi -na sila y hindí natŕtákot, sapagkŕt hindí pa sila nakátagpo nang -aswŕng, at sa ganitň y hindí nila nŕlŕláman kung dápat katakútan -ang aswŕng. - -Ang aswŕng ay isa ng táo ng malakě ang kapangyaríhan. Nakapagěiba-t-ibŕ -sya nang pangangatawŕn. Kung mínsan ay may katawŕn siya ng pára ng táo, -dátapwat maitčm, kung mínsan siya y isa ng malakě ng áso o báboy. Sya -y nangŕngáin nang táo, lálů nŕ nang manga báta`. Dátapuwat ang lálo ng -mahalagŕ nya ng pagkáin at sya rěn namŕn nyŕ ng karanyúa ng kinŕkáin -ay ang báta ng hindí pa naipangánganŕk at násŕsa tiyŕn pa lámang nang -kanya ng inŕ. Kanyá ang manga buntěs na babáye sa báya ng yaňn ay -lálo ng malakě ang tákot. Hindí nila pinatúlog ang kanila ng asáwa -sa pagbabantŕy sa kanila ng tabě. Ang aswŕng ay mahírap mápatay nang -patalěm o barěl, sapagkŕt máy-roon sya ng íisa lámang na lugŕr na -dápat mŕtamaŕn o masugátan úpang sya y mápatŕy, at ang lugŕr na ytň -ay lihěm. Ang bágay lámang na kanya ng iněilágan ay ang báwang. Kanyá -itň y malakě ng kagamitŕn sa pagpapaláyas nang aswŕng. - -Dátapwat isŕ ng bágay na nakapagtátakŕ sa aswŕng na iyňn ay ang kanyŕ -ng inugáli ng pagtitirŕ sa manga dulúhan nang bakúran. Katakŕ-takŕ rěn -ang bágay na manga dalága ang karamíhan nang nagsipagsábi ng nŕmatáan -nilŕ sa dulúhan sa itaŕs nang súha` o iba pŕ ng púno-ng-káhoy ang -aswŕng na iyňn. Ila ng táo ng matalíno ay nagsábi ng ang bintŕng nilŕ -y isa ng magnanákaw at hindí aswŕng ang pinagkŕkatakutŕ ng iyňn. - -Isa ng polěs na may hindí karanyúa ng tápang ay siya ng tumiktěk sa -aswŕng na itň sa dulúha ng bágo ng kinakitáan sa kanyŕ. Pagdilěm ay -nároon na syŕ sa kanya ng kublíhan. Hindí nalaúnan at dumatěng ang -aswŕng, umakyŕt sa isa púno-ng-súha`, at nárinig niya ng pumitŕs nang -marámi ng búnga. Itň y bumába` at umalěs, dátapwat sya y sinundŕn -nang pulěs hanggŕng sa báhay na kanya ng pinasúkan. - -Malakě ang nagěng pagkŕgúlat nang polěs, nang díto nŕmálas nya ng ang -kápwa nya polěs nabŕbálot nang maitěm na kúmot, at ang súpot na itěm -na punň nang súha` ay kasalukúyan pa lámang niya ng inilálapŕg. - -Niyáyŕ nya sa munisípyo ang kápwa nya polěs, at doňn kinŕbukásan -ipinagsumbňng nyŕ sa presidčnte. Ang polěs na nagaswang-aswángan ay -nábilanggň dahilŕn sa sála ng pagnanákaw. - - - - - -10. ISŔ NG ASWŔNG NA NÁPATŔY. - -Isŕ ng gabě sa isŕ ng báhay na pŕngaserahŕn nang ilŕ ng manga -nagsěsipagáral sa báya-ng-Malólos ay nárinig ko ng isinalaysŕy nang -isŕ ng matandŕ` na may gúlang na siyŕm na pů ng taňn sa isŕ ng umpúkan -ang sumúsunňd. - -Noň ng sya y bágo ng táwu pa lámang ay sa búkid sya nagtítirŕ. Íilan -lámang silŕ ng magkakápit-báhay. Isa ng áraw ay namatayŕn ang isa nyŕ -ng kápit-báhay. Sa pagsunňd sa isa ng matandŕ ng kaugaliŕn ay dumalo -syŕ sa kápit-báhay na may hápis. - -Nang dumatěng sya doňn ay hindí nalaúnan at nŕbalitáan nyŕ na may -aswŕng sa kanila ng lugŕr. Syŕ ay may malakě at katutúbo ng gálit sa -manga aswŕng, kaniyá inakálŕ nya ng magbantŕy nang gabě ng iyňn. - -Nang malálim nŕ ang gabě ay nanáog sya sa báhay at sa isa ng karitň -ng dí maláyo sa báhay, doňn sya nahigŕ`. Kabilúgan nang bwŕn nang -gabi ng iyňn, kanyŕ malínaw ang pagkŕkíta nya sa manga bágay sa -palěgid-lígid. Walá sya ng nŕmálas na mŕpaghěhinaláa ng isa ng aswŕng, -kanyá sya y natúlog. - -Kinŕháti-ng-gabihŕn ay nágising syŕ at ang úna ng tinamaŕn nang kanyŕ -ng manga matŕ ay isŕ ng bágay na maitěm sa bubungŕn nang báhay nang -kinamatayŕn. Ang maitěm na iyňn ay walá roon bágo sya natúlog, kaniyá -nagbintang syŕ na iyňn ay ang aswŕng na nŕbalitáan nyŕ. Ang aswŕng -ay nangŕngáin nang patŕy na táo, kanyŕ sinapantáhŕ nya na ang patŕy -ang sadyá doňn nang aswŕng na iyňn. - -Pumanhěk sya sa báhay at dalŕ nyŕ ang isa ng gúlok. Ang manga táo -y natůtúlog. Sa itaŕs ay may-roon syŕ ng nŕkíta ng isa ng bágay na -nakalawět mulá sa bubungŕn nang báhay. Itň y gáya nang bitúka nang -manňk. Humábŕ nang humába`, hanggŕng sa ang dúlo y pumások sa biběg -nang patŕy. Ang patŕy ay nagtinděg sa kanyŕ ng kinŕlŕlagyŕn pagkapások -sa kanya ng biběg nang bágay na iyňn. - -Ang ginawá nang bágo ng táo ay lumápit siya sa nakatinděg na patŕy at -sa pamamagítan nang dala nyŕ ng gúlok ay pinútol niya ang bágay na iyňn -na pára ng bitúka nang manňk. Nang itň y mapútol ay may kumalabňg sa -tabě nang báhay. Nanáog siya at doňn ay nŕkíta nya ang patŕy na aswŕng. - - - - - -11. ANG MANGKUKÚLAM. - -Sa ilŕ ng poňk sa Filipínas ay may lubňs na paniniwálŕ sa mangkukúlam -ang manga táo. Áyon sa kanila ng paniwála` ang mangkukúlam ay isa ng -táo ng may malakě ng kapangyaríhan at ang kapangyaríha ng itň y gáling -sa dimóniyo o kayŕ y mána sa magúlang. Bágo mŕkamtŕn ang kapangyaríha -ng iyňn ang isŕ ay dápat múna ng makipagkayibígan at magsilbč sa -dimóniyo. Dátapwat may ilan dě ng naněniwála ng nŕpůpúlot o naŕágaw -ang kapangyaríha ng iyňn sa gúbat o ilŕng na lugŕr na mahírap puntahŕn -at karanyúwa y pinagkŕkatakutŕn. - -Ang kúlam ay siyŕ ng naŕágaw, nŕmŕmána, o ibiníbigay nang dimóniyo, at -iyň y sya ng pinanggŕgalíngan nang kapangyaríhan nang nagmčme-áre`. Ang -hitsúra nang kúlam ay hindí parč-parého. Kung měnsan ay isa ng batň o -isa ng maníka ng maliět at masamŕ` ang hitsúra. Kung madilěm ang kúlam -na itň y nagníningněng na pára ng alitaptŕp, dátapwat ang ningněng -na itň y nawáwalŕ namŕn pag iněbig nang kúlam. Ang kúlam at ang táo, -káhit laláki o babáe, na nagŕári sa kanyŕ ay hindí naghíhiwalŕy káhit -isŕ ng sandalč` at káhit na sa pagpalígo` ay dinádala nang mangkukúlam -ang kanya ng kúlam. Dáhil díto ang manga táo ng mapagsyásat, pag -íbig nilŕ ng mŕpagkilála kung mangkukúlam ngŕ` o hindě` ang isa ng -táo ng kanila ng pinaghěhinaláan, ay sinůsubúkan nila itň sa kanyŕ -ng pagpalígo`. Kung hindí maíngat at walŕ ng hinálŕ ang mangkukúlam -na syŕ y sinůsubúkan, kung mínsan ay nagkŕkapálad ang nanůnúbok na -mŕkíta nya ang kúlam. - -Ang mangkukúlam ay may kapangyaríhan dě ng itágo` sa loňb nang kanyŕ -ng katawŕn ang kúlam, at hindi bihíra` ang manga táo ng nakŕkíta nang -mangkukúlam sa kanya ng pagkamatŕy. Sa kŕhulě-hulíha ng sandalě`, -bágo malagňt ang hiningŕ, inilúluwa nilŕ ang kúlam. - -Itň y nangyŕyári lámang kung áyaw ipamána nang mangkukúlam ang kanyŕ -ng kúlam. Kung ipinamŕmána namŕn itň, malwat pŕ bágo mamatŕy ang -mangkukúlam ay tinŕtáwag na nyŕ ang kanyŕ ng íbig pamanáhan, at díto -y líhim na líhim nya ng ibiníbigay ang kúlam. - -Ang malakě ng kapangyaríhan nang mangkukúlam ay ginŕgámit nya lában sa -kanya ng manga kaáway, sa manga táo ng kanyŕ ng kinagŕgalítan, o kayŕ -y sa manga háyop nilŕ, kung siya nyŕ ng íbig panghigantihŕn. Gayon -děn ginŕgámit nya ang kanya ng kapangyaríhan sa pangbibíro` sa isa -ng táo o háyop na kanya ng mŕkatwaŕn. - -Ang kanyŕ ng pinasŕsakítan kadalasŕ y nagáanyo ng pára ng ulňl. Kung -mínsan ang kanya ng kinůkúlam ay dumádaing na masakět ang kanya ng buň -ng katawŕn, nagsísisigŕw, at hindí mŕtahímik káhit isŕ ng sandalč`. Sa -háyop namŕn karanyúwa y ang bábuy na pinakamahalagŕ sa may ári`, -ang kanya ng ibiníbigay na parúsa ay gáya nang sakět na kólera, -dátapuwat lálu ng mabagsěk káy sa ríto. Ang pagdumě nang háyop ay -wala ng patěd, at pagkaraŕn nang ilŕ ng óras, káhit na gáno katabŕ` -ang háyop, ay nagíging butň t balŕt. Ang táo ng nŕkůkúlam nya ay -malakŕs kumáin, katimbŕng nang dalawŕ katáo, at mapanghilěng nang -masasarŕp na pagkáin. Dáhil díto ang paniwála nang manga táo y kasálo -ng kumŕkáin nang máy sakit ang mangkukúlam na nagpŕparúsa sa kanyŕ. - -Ang mangkukúlam ay may kapangyaríha ng pumaloňb sa katawŕn nang -kanyŕ ng kinůkúlam. Itň y sya ng paniwála`, dátapuwat kung papáno -ang paraŕn nang pagpások nang mangkukúlam at kung saŕn sya pumŕpások -sa katawŕn nang kanya ng kinůkúlam ay walŕ ng nakŕŕalŕm. Ngúnit ang -kanya ng nilŕlabasŕn ay ang hintutúro`. Ang bágay na itň ay malakě ng -kabuluhŕn úkol sa paggamňt sa nŕkůkúlam at gayon děn sa pagpaparúsa -sa mangkukúlam. - -Káhit na malakě ang kapangyaríhan nang mangkukúlam ay mayroon děn sya -ng kinatŕtakútan, karanyúwa y ang manga táo ng malalakŕs, matápang, -at wala ng paniwálŕ sa kapangyaríhan nang mangkukúlam at iba pŕ ng -pinagkŕkatakutŕn nang manga iba ng táo. Dáhil díto y hindí bihíra` -na ang isŕ ng táo y pamagatŕ ng "médiko-ng-mangkukúlam" pagkaraŕn -nang úna o ikalawŕ nya ng pagpapagalěng nang táo sa sakět na itň. - -Mínsan ay nárinig ko ng magbalíta` ang isa ng táo ng nakŕkíta -nang panggagamňt nang táo ng nŕkůkúlam. Ang táo ng itň y may isa -ng kápit-báhay na may anŕk na dalága. Sa dalága ng itň y marámi ng -manglilígaw, at ang isŕ sa kanilŕ y pinaghěhinaláa ng mangkukúlam. Sa -kasamaŕ-ng-pálad nitň ay nagěng isa syŕ sa manga hindí nátanggŕp. Sa -malakě nya ng gálit ay magkasunňd nya ng kinúlam ang babáye at laláki -ng magkaěbígan. - -Inúna nya ang babáye at ito namŕ y agŕd na itináwag nang -médiko-ng-mangkukúlam nang kanyŕ ng manga magúlang. Nang dumatěng ang -médiko at nŕkíta nya ang máy sakět, ay sinábi nya ng nŕkůkúlam ngŕ` -ang babáye. - -Sinábi nya sa manga táo doňn na hwŕg paŕaláman sa nŕkůkúlam na syŕ y -nŕrňroňn sa báhay. Pag itň y nŕláman nang máy sakět, ay mŕlŕláman děn -nang mangkukúlam na nása loňb nang kanya ng katawŕn, at makaáalis agŕd -ang mangkukúlam. Ang médiko y lumápit na hindí nŕmaláyan nang babáye, -at pagdáka y tinangnan nyŕ nang mahigpět ang dalawŕ ng hintutúro` -nang babáye. Itň y lálo ng inilakŕs ang pagsigŕw, at kuminěg na pára -ng isa ng natŕtákot. - -Ang mangkukúlam, áyon sa paniwálŕ nang manga táo, ay sya ng -nakŕrŕramdŕm nang ano mŕ ng pasákit na ibigŕy sa katawŕn nang kanyŕ -ng kinůkúlam hábang sya y násŕsa loňb nang katawŕn nitň. Gayon děn, -kung kausápin ang máy sakět, ay siyŕ ang sumásagňt. - -Dáhil díto y itinanňng pagdáka nang médiko: "Anň ang ginágawá mo -ríto, salbáhe?" - -Ang máy sakit ay hindí kumibň`, dátapwat nagpílit na magkawalŕ`. Ang -ipinakíta nya ng lakŕs ay hindí karanyúwa ng lakŕs nang babáye. - -Dátapuwat hindí sya pinawalŕn nang médiko, at itň y tumanňng na mulě`: -"Anň ang ginágawá mo ríto? Bákit ka naparíto? Pag hindí ka sumagňt, -ay pahěhirápan kitŕ." - -Ang babáye ay nagmŕmakaáwa ng sumagňt: "Walá po`, hindí na po` úulč`, -pawalan pň` ninyo akň, at akň y nahěhirápan nŕ." - -"Pawalŕn kitŕ?" itinanňng agŕd nang médiko, "Mangáků ka múna sa ákin -na hindí ka na bábalik." - -"Hindí na pň` akň bábalik," ang sagňt nang babáye. - -"Pag nŕhúle kitŕ ulč` díto, ay pŕpatayěn kitŕ. Hwag kŕ ng -salbáhe. Tumahímik ka sa iyň ng báhay." - -"Ó po`, ó po`, hindí na pň` akň bábalik. Pawalŕn na pň ninyo akň!" - -Hábang ang sŕlitáa ng itň y nangyŕyári ang babáye ay nagpěpílit -na magkawalŕ`, íbig nya ng mabitíwan nang médiko ang kanya ng -hintutúro`. Pagkapangáko nang babáye ay binitíwan nang médiko -ang dalawŕ nya ng hintutúro`. Ang mukhá nang babáye na dáti ay -nagpŕpakilála nang malakě ng paghihírap ngayň y nŕhúsay, at sya y pára -ng gága na pinagsa-ulŕn nang pagiísip. Sya ay tumahímik, pinútol ang -pagsisigŕw, at nŕkaúsap nang matwěd. - -Ang laláki namŕn ay nŕtětirŕ sa isa ng báya ng malápit. Nang sya y -kinůkúlam nŕ ay itináwag sya nang manggagámot nang kanya ng kapatěd -na laláke. Sa kalakhŕn nang gálit nang kapatěd na ytň ay sya nyŕ ng -tináwag ang manggagamňt na mabagsěk at malupět sa pagtaráto nya sa -mangŕ mangkukúlam. - -Líhim na dumatěng ang manggagámot sa báhay nang máy sakět. Mulá sa -kanya ng kublíhan ay piního múna nya kung ang mangkukúlam ay násŕsa -katawŕn ngŕ` nang máy sakět. Itň y nŕpagkěkilála sa pagsisigŕw, -pagkílos, at pananalitŕ ng hindí tulŕ-tulŕ` nang máy sakět. Ang -manggagamňt ay nagpatalěm nang isŕ ng gúlok at pagkatápos ay maligsě -sya ng tumakbň sa tabě nang máy sakět. Tinangnan nyŕ ang dalawŕ -ng hintutúro nitň, dinaganŕn nya ang katawŕn, at tinagá nya ng -makáilan ang mukhá nang máy sakět. Itň y nagsisigŕw at nagkawalŕ`, -dátapwat nang makawalá sya y may manga súgat na ang kanyŕ ng mukhŕ` -at ang dugň y umŕágos na wala ng patěd. Walŕ ng kibú sya iníwan nang -manggagamňt. Hinánap nitň ang kapatěd nang sugatŕn at kanya ng sinábi -na hwag pansiněn ang manga súgat nang kanya ng kapatěd, at kinŕbukása -y mawáwala` iyňn at mŕlělípat sa mangkukúlam, sapagkŕt dinatnŕn nya -itň sa katawŕn nang kanyŕ ng kapatěd. Kinŕbukásan ay pinarunŕn nang -médiko ang kanya ng ginamňt nang patalěm, at malakě ang tuwá nya nang -itň y mŕkíta nya ng mahúsay at wala ng bakas-súgat sa mukhŕ`. Pagkaraŕn -nang ila ng áraw nŕbalitáan nilŕ na isa ng mangkukúlam sa kápit-báyan -nilŕ ay malubhŕ` ang lagŕy dahilŕn sa pagdudugň ng hindí maampŕt nang -manga súgat nya sa mukhŕ`. - -Máy-roon děn namŕ ng mangkukúlam na maligsě at hindí na paaábot -sa manggagamňt. Ang manggagamňt namŕn ay kinŕkayilánga ng bihása` -at maligsě. Ang káhit síno y maŕári ng gumamňt sa isŕ ng nŕkůkúlam, -yámang walá namŕ ng ibŕ ng panggamňt kung hindě` ang pagpapahěrap -sa katawŕn nang nŕkůkúlam. Dátapuwat malakě ang pangánib, sapagkŕt, -kung hindí maligsě, dahilŕn sa kawalŕn nang sánay, ang gumágamňt, -maŕári ng makawalŕ` ang mangkukúlam. Kung magkágayo y ang nŕkůkúlam -měsmo ang maghěhírap dahilŕn sa parúsa. Mínsan ay máy nŕbalíta ng -nangyári na gáya nitň ng sumúsunňd. - -Ang isŕ sa dalawŕ ng magkapatěd na laláki ay kinúlam nang kanya ng -karibŕl sa paglígaw. Walŕ ng mŕtáwag na médiko-ng-mangkukúlam. Sa -malakě ng áwŕ sa kanyŕ nang kanya ng kúya ay tinalagŕ nitň ng -gamutěn sya káhit na walá sya ng pagkasánay. Hindí ngá sya sanŕy, -dátapwat madalŕs nya ng nŕpakinggŕn sa manga manggagamňt ang paraŕn -nang paggamňt. Isa ng hápon, nang inakálŕ nya ng nása loňb na namŕn -nang katawŕn nang kanyŕ ng kapatěd ang mangkukúlam, ay sinunggabŕn -nya agŕd ang isa ng gúlok at pagkálapit nyŕ sa kanya ng kapatěd ay -tinagá nya itň nang walŕ ng tuňs. Kinŕbukásan sa lugŕr nang mŕkíta -nya ng magalěng at wala ng súgat ang kanyŕ ng kapatěd itň y bangkŕy -na lámang. Ang mangkukúlam ay nakawalŕ`. - - - - - -12. ANG LARO NG SÍPA` SA FILIPÍNAS. - -Ang laro ng sípŕ sa Estádos-Unídos at sa Filipínas ay lubhŕ ng malakě -ang pagkakáibŕ. Sa lugŕr nang dalawŕ ng pangkŕt na nagtŕtálo ang -nagsěsipaglarň` na gáya nang fůtbol, sa sípŕ ay isŕ ng pangkŕt lámang -ang naglálarň`. Sa sípŕ ang hangŕd nang nagsěsipaglarň ay hindí ang -talúnin ang isa ng kaáway, dátapuwat ang huwŕg bayáa ng lumagpŕk sa -lúpŕ ang bóla o sípa`. - -Ang bóla ng gámit ay malakě ng malaki rěn ang kaibhŕn. Itň y nayŕyárě -nang yantňk na tinilŕd at nilála ng pabilňg. Walŕ ng lamŕn ang loňb, -at ang manga matŕ nang sulihiyŕ ay malalakč. Dáhil díto ay magaŕn -ang sípa`, hindí gáya nang bňla ng gámit sa bčsbol. - -Mulá sa dalawŕ hanggŕng sa dalawŕ ng pů` ang bílang nang -nagsěsipaglarň`. Kung silŕ ay marámi ang áyos ay pabilňg. Úpang -umpisahŕn ang paglalarň` isŕ sa manga kasále ay ihiníhitsŕ ang sípa -na paitaŕs at patúngo sa isŕ sa manga nagsěsipaglarň`, karanyúwa y sa -isŕ ng katapŕt nyŕ. Ang táo ng hinitsahŕn nang sípa` ay ipinabábalik -itň sa naghágis sa kanyŕ, hindí nang kanya ng kamŕy, dátapwat nang -kanya ng paŕ. - -Kung ang manga nagsěsipaglarň ay marurúnong, napapúpunta nilŕ ang -pelóta sa káhit na síno sa manga kasále, kayŕ t báwat isŕ sa kanilŕ -ay nakaabŕng at naghíhintay nang pagdatěng nang sípa`. Ang báwat isŕ -ay nagěíngat na hwŕg bayáa ng lumagpŕk sa lúpa ang pelóta. Kadalasŕn -ang manga nagsísipaglarň ay nagpŕpakíta nang sarě-sári ng áyus nang -pagsípa`. Ang manga magandŕ ng pagbabaluktňt nang paŕ sa harapŕn -o likurŕn, ang maligsě at magaŕ ng lundŕg, ang banáyad at magaŕ ng -pagsípŕ sa pelóta, at ang pagpapadalŕ nang sípŕ sa káhit na alě ng -bandŕ ay manga bágay na nagpŕpagandŕ sa laro ng sípa`. Hindi rěn -bihíra na ang balíkat, ang síko, ang túhod, o ang kamŕy ay sya ng -ginŕgámit sa pagpapabalěk nang pelóta. - -Papáno ang pagkakatalň sa larň ng itň? Itň y maŕári lámang sa -pagpapŕtagálan nang hindí paglagpŕk nang sípŕ sa lúpa`. - -Kung halimbáwa y íbig makipaglában nang isa ng pangkŕt nang manga -mŕninípa o sipéros sa ybŕ ng pangkŕt, ang úna y manghŕhámon sa alin mŕ -ng pangkŕt na kanila ng mŕpíle`. Kung itň y tanggapěn, ang áraw, óras, -at lugŕr nang paglalarň ay agad nŕ ng nŕbŕbalíta sa manga pŕhayagŕn. - -Sa óras nang paglalarň` ay hindí íilan lámang na líbo ng táo ang -nagsísipanoňd. Ang manghahámun karanyúwa y umůúpa nang isa ng -bŕnda-ng-músika at tinůtugtugŕn ang báwat pangkŕt sa kanilŕ ng -paglalarň`. Karanyúwa y dalawŕ ng bŕnda ang músika, sapagkŕt, kung -ang hinámon ay may kauntě ng gílas, ay íbig děn namŕn nilŕ ng ipakíta, -at dáhil díto y nagdádala silŕ nang saríle nilŕ ng bŕnda nang músika. - -Pagkaraŕn nang larň` ang hukňm ay syŕ ng nagpŕpaháyag sa manga nanúnoňd -kung alě ng pangkŕt ang nanálo. Pagkárinig nilŕ nang paháyag nang -hukňm ay agad-agŕd inůumpisahŕn ang pagisěgáwan at manga pagpúri sa -nanálo ng pangkŕt. Ang mŕnanalň ng pangkŕt at ang kanila ng manga -kaybígan magkakasáma ng tinůtugtugŕn nang kanila ng bŕnda nang músika -ay agŕd-agŕd na nagpŕpaséyo sa manga lugŕr na malápit sa kanilŕ -ng pinaglaruŕn. Kinŕbukásan ang lahŕt nang nangyári ay nŕkěkíta sa -manga pŕhayagŕn. - -Ang ganitň ng manga paglalarň nang sípa ay hindí karanyúwan sa manga -báya ng maliliět sa prověnsiya, dátapuwat sa malalakě lámang na báyan, -gáya nang Mayníla` at iba pŕ. - - - - - -13. ANG KÚRA NG SI PATÚPAT. - -Sa báya-ng-San-Migčl ay máy-roo ng nagtirŕ ng isa ng táo noň ng manga -hulě ng áraw nang panahňn nang Kastěla`. Ang táo ng itň y nagáral -at sa kanya ng katalinúhan ay nŕintindihan nyŕ ang manga masamŕ ng -palákad nang manga kúra na sya ng manga maliliět na háre sa kanila -ng bayŕn-bayŕn. - -Sa San-Migčl ang kúra ng nŕdistíno ay isa ng mabagsěk at maínit ang -úlo. Ang táwag sa kanyŕ nang manga táo ay "si Patúpat." - -Isa ng linggo ang táwu ng nábanggět sa itaŕs nitň ay naparoňn sa -simbáhan úpang makiněg nang sčrmon nang páre`. Sapagkŕt ang pári ng -itň ay nagakála ng manga walŕ ng pinagarálan ang kanyŕ ng sinčsčrmunan -ay hindí sya nagpílit na makapagsalitŕ ng matwěd nang Tagálog. Ang -kanya ng pananalitŕ` ay walŕ ng púno t dúlo, at halů-hálo ng pára -ng kalámay. Gayon děn ang kanya ng isinčsčrmun ay hindí nŕěibŕ sa -infiyčrno, purgatóriyo, manga salbáhi ng táo-ng-báyan, at katapusŕn -nang mundň. - -Nang ang sčrmon nya ay nagumpisa nŕ, pumások sa simbáhan ang áti ng -kaybíga ng si Pransěsko. - -Gáya nang karanyúwan inumpisahŕn nang kúra ang kanya ng sčrmon sa -ganitň ng pananalitŕ`: "Manŕ kapatěr-konkristyános!" - -May ápat na pu ng taňn na sya sa lúpa ng Katagalúgan, ay hindí pa -nya nŕtutúha ng sabíhi ng matwěd ang "Mangŕ kapatěd-Kongkristyános." - -Si Pransěsko ay nŕtŕtayú sa isa ng lugŕr na malápit sa půlpito, -pinakinggŕn nya ng mabúte ang sčrmon na noň y wala ng ibŕ kung hindí -ang makŕlělíbo nŕ ng inúlit nang pári ng itň, at iyň y úkul sa manga -hírap sa infiyčrno at purgatóriyo at pagtutúlus nang kandíla` at -pagbibigŕy nang kwŕlta sa simbáhan úpang mŕligtasŕn ang manga hírap -na iyňn. Si Pransěsko ay siniglŕn nang malakě ng gálit, sapagkŕt -nŕpagkilála nya na nilňlóko nang páre ang kanyŕ ng manga táo, at walá -sya ng ibŕ ng pákay kung hindí ang takútin lámang ang manga namŕmáyan -úpang kanilŕ ng payamánin ang simbáhan at manga kúra. - -Pagkaraŕn nang sčrmon ay hindí umwé si Kíko na gáya nang karanyúwan, -dátapuwat hinantŕy nya ng matápus ang mísa. Pagkaraŕn nitň y nagpáiwan -syŕ sa simbáhan. Kumúha sya nang manga papčl at sumúlat sya sa páre -nang ganitň: - -"Ámong, náriněg ko pň` ang inyu ng sčrmon kanína ng -umága. Nŕpagkěkilála ko na kayň y naněniwála ng may infiyčrno at -may purgatóriyo. Akň y walŕ ng paniwála díto. Sa linggo ng dárating, -kung íbig mo, prubahŕn mo sa iyo ng sčrmon sa manga táo na máy-roo -ng infyčrno at purgatóriyo. Pagkatápos půprubahŕn kň namŕn sa kanilŕ -na walŕ ng infiyčrno ni purgatóriyo. Kung ikŕw ang paniwaláan nang -manga táo hindí báli ng ipabítay mo akň dahilŕn sa áki ng pagkatálo -at hindí paniniwála`. Dátapuwat, kung akň y manálo ang hiníhiling ko -lámang sa iyň ay pabayaŕn mo akň ng makapagsábi sa madlŕ` na walŕ ng -infyčrno ni purgatóryo." - -Ang ilŕ ng kópya nang súlat na ytň ay idinikět nya sa manga padčr -nang simbáhan at ang isŕ y ipinaabňt nya sa kúra. - -Nang itň y mŕbása ni Patúpat sumubň ang kanya ng dugň`, at -walŕ ng pagkŕsyahŕn ang kanya ng gálit. Ipinatáwag nya ang manga -gwŕrdya-siběl, at sa gabi děn nang linggň ng iyňn ay pinapanhikŕn at -pinahanápan nya ang manga bahŕy-bahŕy sa boo ng báyan, úpang hulíhin -si Kíko`. Dátapuwat si Kíko ay hindí nila nŕhúle. Nang hápon dě ng -iyňn ay ibinalíta ni Kíko sa ilŕn nya ng matálik na kaybígan ang kanyŕ -ng ginawŕ`, at silŕ y nangŕpamanghŕ`. Itinanňng nilŕ kung bákit niya -ginawá iyňn at kung hindí nya napagkůkúro ang mangyŕyári sa kanyŕ. - -Ang isŕ sa kanilŕ y nagsábi nang ganitň: "Magbalňt ka nŕ nang damět, -at umalěs ka ngayon děn, kung hindí mo gustň ng mŕhúli ka nang manga -sundálo ni Patúpat at maipabarěl ka kinŕbukásan." - -Si Kíko ay áyaw sumunňd sa kanyŕ ng páyo, sapagkŕt inakálŕ nya ng -tŕtanggapěn ni Patúpat ang kanya ng hámon tungkňl sa pagpapakilála -sa manga táo na walŕ ng infiyčrno ni purgatóriyo at ang manga itň y -panghúle lámang nang manga páre nang kwŕlta. Kanyá sya y nagpaábot -nang gabě sa báhay nang isa nyŕ ng kaybígan. - -Nang dumilim nŕ at ang báya y nagúgulo dahilŕn sa paghahanŕp nang -manga gwŕrdya-siběl ay saká pa lámang nya nŕpagkilála ang malakě ng -pangánib na kanyŕ ng kinŕběbingítan. Sapagkŕt itň y nŕbalitáan nya -agŕd, kanyá nagkaroňn sya nang panahň ng makapagtágo sa isa ng líhim -na súlok sa báhay nang kanya ng kaybígan. - -Nang makaraŕn ang manga paghahanapŕn sya y lumabŕs sa kanya ng -taguŕn, umwí sya, nagbalňt nang ilŕ ng damět, nagpasingkŕw nang isa -ng karumáta, at pagkakúha nya nang manga bála nang barěl, binitbět -nya ang barěl, sumakŕy sya sa karumáta, at napahatěd sa labŕs nang -báyan. Pagkaraŕn nang ila ng áraw ay namundok syŕ, kasáma nang ilŕ -ng manga táo-ng-báyan na hindí makatirŕ sa loňb nang báyan, sapagkŕt -nŕkagalítan sila nang kúra o nang iba pŕ ng Kastíla ng may katungkúlan -sa báyan. - -Díto sa pamumundok nyŕ sya y inabútan nang paghihěmagsíkan lában sa -manga Kastíla` nang taň ng isa ng líbo walo ng daŕn walň ng pu t ánim. - - - - - -14. SI MARYÁNO AT ANG PÁRI NG SI PATÚPAT. - -Si Maryáno ay isŕ sa íila ng botikáriyo sa báya-ng-San-Migčl. Sya -y nagěng isŕ sa manga nasawi-ng-pálad dahilŕn sa pagswŕy sa manga -kautusŕn nang kúra ng si Patúpat. Sya y may famíliya; bukňd sa asáwa -ay may dalawŕ sya ng anŕk, isŕ ng dadalawáhi ng taňn at isŕ ng kabŕbágu -ng panganŕk pa lámang. - -Isa ng áraw ang kanyŕ ng alíla ay nagkasakět. Sya y may bayŕw na -médiko, kanyá ang alíla` ay ipinagamůt nya díto na walŕ ng báyad, -at ang gamňt namŕn ay ibinigŕy nya na walŕ ng báyad sa alíla`. Nang -makaraŕn ang ilŕ ng áraw ay gumalěng ang alíla` at itň y nagakála -ng magpahingŕ ng sandalě` sa búkid. Kanyŕ` binayáran nya ang kanya -ng útang at napaálam sya kay Maryáno úpang magtirŕ sa búkid. Hindí -nalaúnan ang pagtitira nyŕ sa búkid at ang alíla ng itň y nagkasakět -na mulě`, at ang naging dúlo y ang kanya ng pagkamatŕy. - -Sa Filipínas nang manga panahň ng yaňn ay hindí maŕári ng huwŕg -pabendisyunŕn ang isa ng patŕy bágo mábaňn. Itň y hindí ipinahěhintúlot -nang manga kúra, dátapuwat ang pagsasáma na hindí kasŕl nang isa ng -babáye at laláki ay hindí nila masyádo ng pinápansěn, palibhása y -gawá rin namŕn nilŕ. - -Ang patŕy na alílŕ ni Maryáno ay lubhŕ ng mahírap at ang kanyŕ ng -manga kamagának ay mahihírap děn at walŕ ng ikakáya ng magbáyad sa -halagŕ na sinísingěl ni Patúpat. Dáhil díto y walŕ ng magpabaňn sa -katawŕn nang alíla`. - -Nang mŕláman itň ni Patúpat ay ipinatáwag nya si Maryáno at sinábi -nya ng siyŕ ang dápat magpabaňn sa patŕy at siyŕ ang magbáyad -nang gŕstos. Sa akálŕ ni Maryáno ay lumálampŕs ang kasalbahíhan ni -Patúpat. Kanyá sinábi nya na hindi nyŕ sya bŕbayáran sa pagbabaňn -nang patŕy, káhit na anň ang mangyáre. - -Si Patúpat ay sinubhŕn nang gálit. Ipinabaňn niya ang patŕy at sa -áraw di ng iyňn ay naparoňn sya sa hůkúman at ipinagsakdŕl nya si -Mariyáno úpang pagbayáran siyŕ nang gŕstos sa pagbebendisyňn sa patŕy. - -Nang dumatěng ang paghuhůkúman si Maryáno y naparoňn at nang itinanňng -nang hukňm kung anň ang íbig nya ng sabíhin tungkňl sa sakdŕl na iyňn, -ay sinábi nya itň ng sumúsunňd: - -"Ginoň ng Hwčs, ang namatŕy na iyňn ay walá na sa áki ng kapangyaríhan, -sapagkŕt hindí ku nŕ sya alíla nang sya y namatŕy. Noo ng syŕ -y máy sakit pa lámang ay ipinagamňt ko syŕ ng wala ng báyad, at -binigyŕn ko syŕ ng wala ng báyad nang gamňt. Nagawá ku nŕ ang áki ng -katungkúlan sa áki ng kápuwa táo at ang katungkúla ng iniyátas sa -ákin ni Bathála`. Isŕ sa manga katungkúlan nang manga párč` ay ang -magpabaňn nang manga patŕy. Ngayň ng ang táo ng iyňn ay patay nŕ, -bákit namŕn hindí magawá nang pári ng itň ang kanya ng katungkúlan -na walŕ ng úpa, yámang ito namŕn ay hindí mangyŕyári kung may káya -ang manga kamagának nang namatŕy?" - -Pagkaraŕn nang manga ilan pŕ ng manga tanňng nang hukňm sa kúra at -kay Mariyáno ay tinápus nya ang paghuhůkúman, at ipinaháyag nya ng -si Mariyáno ay nása katwíran at ang kúra y dápat magpasyčnsya sa -pagkábendisyon nyŕ nang patŕy na wala ng úpa. - -Nang makaraŕn itň y lálu ng lumakě ang gálit ni Patúpat kay Maryáno, -at pagkaraŕn nang ilŕ ng áraw ay ipinagsakdŕl niya ng mulí si -Mariyáno. Ngayňn ay iba namŕn ang kanya ng sakdŕl. Isinakdŕl niya sa -hůkúman na si Maryáno ay isŕ ng Masňn, sapagkŕt sya y hindí nagsísimbŕ -ně hindí nangúngumpisŕl ně hindí rin nagmŕmáno sa páre`. Ang manga -Masňn ay kaáway nang Romaněsmo at sa makatwěd ay kaáway děn nang -pŕmahalaŕn sa Filipínas nang manga panahň ng iyňn, at dáhil díto y -kanya ng ipináyo na si Maryáno y ipatápon sa ibŕ ng lupaěn. - -Nang mŕbalitáan ni Maryáno ang sakdŕl na yitň ni Patúpat ay inakálŕ -nya ng walá na sya ng pagása kung hindí ang magtagň o umílag sa mangŕ -manghuhúli sa kanyŕ. Kanyŕ` ang ginawá nya ay lumwŕs sya sa Mayníla` -at doňn sya nagtagň`. - -Dátapuwat doon mŕn ay nŕhúli rěn syŕ nang manga gwŕrdya-sivěl. Kasáma -nang pitň o walň ng taga iba t ibŕ ng báyan sya y inilúlan sa isŕ -ng bapňr at dinalŕ sila sa ibabá nang kapuluŕ-ng-Filipínas. At doňn -pagdatěng nilŕ ang ibŕ sa kanila ng magkakasáma ay pinagbábarěl nang -manga sundálo ng naghatěd sa kanilŕ, sapagkŕt iyňn ang útos nang -pinúno ng nagpatápon sa manga táo ng iyňn. - -Dátapuwat si Maryáno y hindí naging isŕ sa manga nábaril na iyňn. Doňn -sya nátirŕ hanggŕng sa pananálo nang manga Amerikáno ay nagkaroňn sya -nang kalayáa ng makabábalik sa kanya ng famíliya. Nang itň y datnan -nyŕ ang isa nyŕ ng anŕk ay pitň na ng taňn ang gúlang at ang ikalawŕ -namŕn ay limŕ na ng taňn. - - - - - -15. ANG INTSĚK NA MŔNGANGÁTAM. - -Si Hwŕn ay isa ng alwáge na may kápit-báhay na Intsčk na aluwáge -rěn. Ang Intsčk na ytň ay isa ng magalěng na alwáge at ang kanya ng -kínis ay nŕpagkěkilála sa magalěng nya ng paggámit nang katŕm. Isa -ng áraw nakábili syŕ nang isa ng piráso-ng-káhoy na may ápat na -pu ng paŕ ang hába`. Itů y kanya ng nilínis. Sinubúkan nya kung -makakůkúha syŕ nang pinagkatamŕn na walŕ ng patěd sa boň ng hábŕ -nang káhoy. Dahilŕn sa húsay nang kanyŕ ng kasangkápan at sa kanyŕ -ng kabutíhan sa pagaalwáge, ang bágay na yňn ay nagěng pára ng walŕ -ng ano mŕn sa kaniyŕ. Twě ng isůsúlung niya ang katŕm ay nakakůkúha -nang pinagkatamŕn na walŕ ng patěd, ápat na pu ng paŕ ang hába`. Úpang -ipakilála nya sa kápit-báhay niya ng aluwági ng Tagálog ang kanyŕ ng -galěng, itň y kanyŕ ng pinadalhŕn nang isa ng pinagkatamŕn áraw-áraw. - -Ang aluwági ng Tagálog na si Hwŕn ay nŕpagúlat sa galěng nang -Intsčk. Úpang gantihěn nya ang kanyŕ ng manga tinanggŕp na -pinagkatamŕn, sinubúkan děn nyŕ ng kumatŕm at ipadalŕ sa Intsčk ang -pinagkatamŕn. Dátapuwat ang pinakamahábŕ nya ng nŕkúha na pinagkatamŕn -ay may-roon lámang na labě ng limŕ ng paŕ. Itň y kahyá-hiyŕ ng ipadalŕ -sa Intsčk. - -Si Hwŕn ay magalěng gumámit nang darŕs at siya y nakapagpŕpakínis -nang tablŕ sa pamamagítan lámang nang darŕs. Hindí na kayilánga ng -gamítan nang katŕm ang ano mŕ ng káhoy na kanya ng darasěn, dátapuwat -ang pinagdarasŕn ay manga tátal na maiiklí lámang, hindí súkat -pagkŕkilanlŕn nang kanyŕ ng galěng, at hindí nya mŕipadalŕ sa Intsčk. - -Hábang si Hwŕn ay walŕ ng mŕláma ng gawěn, ang Intsěk namŕn ay hindí -naglúlubŕy nang pagpapadalŕ nang pinagkatamŕ ng mahahába`. Siniglŕn -si Hwŕn nang gálit. Sinunggabŕn nya ang kanya ng darŕs at pinarunŕn -nya ang Intsčk. Itň y nŕpagúlat at natákot nang mŕkíta si Hwŕn. - -Sinábe nitň: "Anň ang gustu mu ng sabíhin sa manga ipinagpapadalŕ -mo ng pinagkatamŕn sa ákin? Akň y binuwísit mo at itň y iyo ng -pagbŕbayáran. Půputúlin ko ang buhuk mň sa pamamagítan nang darŕs -na itň." - -Ang Intsčk ay natákot, sapagkŕt, pag ang úlo nya y tinamaŕn na nang -darŕs na iyňn, ay pího ng hindí sya mabůbúhay. Sya y nagkŕkawalŕ`, -dátapuwat sinunggabŕn sya ni Hwŕn, iginápus sya sa bangkň`, at -inumpisahŕn nya ng dinarŕs ang úlo nang Intsčk. - -Ang darŕs ay isa ng kasangkápa ng malakě, gáya nang isŕ ng píko, at -mabigŕt, dátapuwat sa magalěng na kamŕy ni Hwŕn itň y naging pára ng -isa ng guntěng lámang. Ang lagpŕk nang darŕs sa úlo nang Intsěk ay -lubhŕ ng banáyad, at ang manga buhňk lámang ang pinůpútol nang patalěm. - -Sa tákot nang Intsčk itň y nagsisigŕw na sinábe: "Wapélo! Daluhŕn -ninyň kň, masamŕ táo si Hwŕn, hindí Kilistyáno!" - -Itň y nárinig nang manga kápit-báhay at ibŕ ng nagsěsipaglakŕd. - -Kanyá pumások silŕ sa gŕwáan nang Intsčk at doňn ay sinábi sa kanilŕ -ni Hwŕn: "Hwag kayů ng makialŕm díto! Ang Intsěk na yitň y hindí ko -sinŕsaktŕn. Ákin lámang pinůputlŕn nang buhňk." - -At patúluy děn ang kanyŕ ng pagdarŕs. - -Nang mapútul na nya ng lahŕt ang buhňk nang Intsčk ay malakě ang -nagěng pagkámanghŕ nang nagsěsipanoňd, sapagkŕt ang buhňk nang Intsčk -ay pára ng ginupět nang guntěng nang isa ng bihasŕ ng barbéro. Ang -Intsěk namŕn, nang mŕkíta nya sa salaměn na wala ng súgat ang kanya -ng úlo, ay malaki rěn ang nagěng pagkámanghŕ`, at hindí mapatěd ang -pagpúri nya sa galěng ni Hwŕn sa paggámit nang darŕs. - - - - - -16. ISA NG TÁO NG MAY BIRTŮD NANG USŔ. - -Mínsan sa isa ng báyan sa kapuluŕ-ng-Filipínas ay náhayŕg ang pangálan -nang isa ng táo sa kanya ng manga kababáyan at manga kápit-báyan, -dahilŕn sa hindí karanyúwa ng lakŕs nya sa pagtakbň at pagluksň. - -Sya y isa ng táo ng hindí mayábang, dátapuwat may kauntě ng talíno -sa paghahánap at gayon děn may kauntě ng tápang. Ang kanya ng hindí -karanyúwa ng kapaláran ay hindí nya ipinagmayabŕng ní hindí nya -ipinagkayilŕ` kung anň ang pinanggŕgalíngan nang kanyŕ ng dí karanyúwa -ng lakŕs. Sinábi nya sa mangŕ mapagusísa` na ang pinanggŕgalíngan -nang kanya ng lakŕs ay ang angkěn niya ng birtůd nang usŕ. Hindí nya -sinábe kung papáno ang pagkápasa kanyŕ nang birtůd na iyňn, dátapuwat -siya y hindí marámot sa pagbibigŕy-loňb úpang ikatúlung niya sa mangŕ -kakilála o hindě` ang kanya ng lakŕs. - -Sya y may pagíbig na yumáman, gáya nang karamíhan nang táo, at díto -nya ginámit ang kanya ng lakŕs. Paráti sya ng nakěkipagtakbúhan, at -ang manga takbúha ng itň y lágě na ng pinagkatalunŕn nang marámi ng -salapč`. Sya ay lágě na ng may malakě ng pustŕ. Walá sya ng itinángě na -pinakěkipagtakbuhŕn. Kung měnsan nakěkipagtakbúhan sya sa kápwa táo, -kung mínsan ay sa kabáyo, sa áso, at sa iba pŕ ng háyop na matúli -ng tumakbň. - -Pagkaraŕn nang ila ng áraw ay dumámi ang naípon nya ng salapě` -na pinanalúnan sa pustáhan. Gayon děn ang kanya ng manga kaybígan -na nagsipustŕ sa kanyŕ ay nagkaroňn nang marámi ng kwŕlta. Nang -mŕpagaláman nang manga táo na syŕ y may birtůd nang usŕ ay hindí -na sya íbig labánan sa takbúhan. Dáhil díto y úpang hwag máhinto` -ang kanya ng pananálo at pagkíta nang kwaltŕ, ay nagbíbigay syŕ -nang malalakě ng palúgit sa kanya ng kinŕkalában. Dáhil sa kalakhŕn -nang manga palúgit na ibinigay nyŕ ay marámi rě ng táo ng lumában -sa kanyŕ. Dátapuwat tuwí nŕ y sya ang nagěng mŕnanalň. Gayon děn sa -manga pakikipagluksúhan paráti nŕ ng syŕ ang nanŕnálo. - -Dátapuwat, kung malaki mŕn ang kabutíha ng nŕkamtan nyŕ sa birtůd -na ytň, ay máy-ron dě ng ilŕ ng kahirápan na nŕkamtan nyŕ dahilan -díto. Dahilan děn sa kahirápa ng itň ay hindí nya natagalŕ ng angkiněn -hábang búhay nya ang birtůd na iyňn. Dahilŕn sa birtůd na iyňn sya -y nagěng lubhŕ ng magugulatěn. Ang manga kalabňg, íngay, at tahňl -nang áso kung gabě ay hindí nagpatúlug sa kanyŕ. Dahilŕn sa manga -íngay na yitň, kung natůtúlug sya ay palági ng nŕpŕpaluksň. Lálů na, -kung isa ng tahňl nang áso, halimbáwa`, ang makŕgísing sa kanyŕ, -sya y nŕpŕpaluksň nang lubhŕ ng mataŕs sa kanyŕ ng hihigŕn, at bágo -sya pagsa-ulŕn nang saríle, ay nagtŕtatakbň na syŕ. Sa pagluksu -nyŕ ng itň na hindí sinásadya` ay walá sya ng nagíging pagiíngat at -karanyúwa y umáabot syŕ sa ituktňk nang bubungŕn, at sa kababáan nitň -y lági ng nalálamog ang kanya ng katawŕn o kayŕ y nagkŕkabúkul syŕ sa -úlo, dahilŕn sa pagkáhampas nyŕ sa bubungŕn. Gayon děn sa kanya ng -hindí sinásadya ng pagtakbň pagkágising nyŕ dahilŕn sa pagkŕgúlat, -ay nagkŕkaumpňg-umpňg ang boň ng katawan nyŕ sa manga dinděng nang -kanya ng báhay. - -Itň y isŕ ng mahírap na těísin, at inakálŕ nya ng hindí sya mabůbúhay -nŕ ng malwŕt dahilŕn sa hindí pagkŕkatúlog kung gabě. Kanyá inakálŕ nya -ng itápon ang birtůd na ytň pagkaraŕn nang ilŕ ng áraw. Nang sumápit -ang ikapitů ng áraw nang kanya ng pagaáre` sa birtůd ay sya y lubhŕ -ng hirap nŕ at inakálŕ nya ng sya y mamámatay nŕ sa hírap. Ang úlu -nya ay bukulŕn. Ang mukhá nya ay marámi ng pasŕ` at káhit na hindí -sya nabalían nang butň, ang manga lamŕn namŕn nya ay lubhŕ ng lamňg. - -Dáhil díto y walŕ ng kibú sya ng naparoňn sa isa ng párang at itinápon -nya doňn ang birtůd na nŕpúlut nya, yámang marámi na rěn lámang siya -ng salapě ng pinanalúnan. - - - - - -17. ANG ALÍLA NG UNGGŇ`. - -Siy Andrčs ay máy-roo ng isa ng alíla ng unggň na kanyŕ ng lubhŕ ng -minámahŕl, sapagkŕt ang unggu ng itň y nagbíbigay sa kanyŕ nang malakě -ng serbísyo. Kung gabě ipinaglŕlátag sya nang baněg nang unggo ng itň; -kung umága ay iniháhandŕ` ang kanyŕ ng panghilámos, at ang ano mŕ ng -kanya ng iyútos ay sinúsunod nang unggň`. - -Gabě-gabě ang unggu ng itň y natůtúlog sa ilálim nang kátri ng -tinůtulúgan nang kanya ng panginoňn. Itň y hindí gustň nang kanya -ng panginoňn, sapagkŕt, dahilŕn sa kanya ng malakě ng kabuluhŕn, -ay íbig ni Andrčs na syŕ y bigyŕn nang isa ng mabúte ng lugŕr na -tulugŕn. Dátapuwat, káhit na gánu ng pagpílit ang gawěn ni Andrčs, -ay hindí nya mapatúlog sa ibŕ ng lugŕr ang kanya ng alíla ng unggň`. - -Siy Andrčs ay isa ng táwu ng may tákot at pagíbig sa Dyňs. Kanyá -gabi-gabě bágu sya matúlog ay nagkúkurus syŕ at tumŕtáwag sya sa -Dyňs. Sa óras nang kanya ng paghigŕ gabi-gabě ay dinŕratnan nŕ nyŕ -na nása ilálim nang kanya ng kátri ang unggň`. Mínsan mŕn ay hindí -sya náuna sa paghigŕ` sa unggu ng itň. - -Isa ng áraw ang párě sa báyan ay dumálaw kay Andrčs sa kanya ng -báhay. Pagkaraŕn nang ilŕ ng sandalě ng pagsasŕlitáan ay ibinalítŕ niy -Andrčs sa páre` na sya y máy-roo ng isŕ ng alíla ng unggň na lubhŕ -ng malakě ang kabuluhŕn, sapagkŕt sya y pinagsěsilbihŕ ng mabúte, -at káhit na anň ang iyútos nya ay sinúsunod, at sinábi pa nyŕ ng -masípag pa káy sa manga iba nyŕ ng alíla` ang unggo ng iyňn. - -Malakě ang nagěng pagtatakŕ nang páre`, at hiniling nyŕ ng ipakíta sa -kanyŕ ang unggň ng iyňn. Kanyá tináwag ny Andrčs ang unggň`. Hindí gáya -nang dáti, na sa isŕ ng táwag lámang niy Andrčs ay lumŕlápit agad-agŕd -ang unggň`, ngayňn makása-m-pu ng táwag nŕ ay walá pa syŕ. Siy Andrčs -ay nagálit, nagtinděg, at hinánap nya sa manga sulok-sulňk nang báhay -ang unggň`. - -Ito y nŕkíta nya sa isa ng súlok at nakakápit na mabúte sa isa ng -halíge. Tináwag nya at kanya ng pinaáalis sa súlok, dátapuwat ang -unggň y áyaw umalěs doňn, káhit na anň ang gawěn sa kanyŕ. Dáhil díto -ay tináwag nya ang páre`, úpang itň y doňn tingnŕn sa súlok ang alílŕ -nya ng unggň`. - -Pagkálapit nang páre` ang unggň y kuminěg sa tákot. Nagkaroňn nang -hinálŕ ang párč` na ang unggů ng iyňn ay isŕ ng dimónyo. Kanyŕ` ang -ginawá nya y nagkurůs sya at pagkabendisyňn nya nang kauntě ng túbig -ay niwisikŕn nya ang unggň`. - -Pagdápo` sa katawŕn nitň nang túbig ay pumutňk na pára ng isa ng barěl, -at sa lugŕr nang unggň` ay walá silŕ ng nŕkíta kung hindí asu lámang -na agŕd nawalŕ`. - -Pagkaraŕn nitň siniyásat nang páre si Andrčs tungkůl sa kanya ng -paniniwála sa Diyňs. Sinábi ny Andrčs na hindí nabŕbágo ang matíbay -nya ng paniniwála` at gabi-gabě nagdádasal syŕ bágo matúlog. Siniyásat -děn nang páre` kung saŕn tumůtúlog ang unggň`. Sinábe ni Andrčs na -itň y tumúlog gabi-gabě sa ilŕlim nang kanyŕ ng kátri ng tulugŕn. - -Pagkaraŕn nitň y ipinakilála sa kanyŕ nang páre` na ang unggů ng -iyňn ay isŕ ng dimónyo na umáabŕng sa kanyŕ, at kung syŕ y sumála -nang pagtáwag sa Diyňs bágu matúlog, sa gabě di ng iyňn ay ihůhúlug -sya nang dimónyo sa infyčrno. - - - - - -18. ANG MATANDÁ SA PUNSŇ SA LIWÁNAG NANG ÁRAW. - -Si Pédro ay isŕ ng matápang na laláke. Paráti sya ng nakárinig nang -manga kwčnto tungkůl sa asuwŕng, duwčndi, mangkukúlam, at mangŕ matandá -sa punsň, dátapuwat ang ipinagtátakŕ ni Pédro ay kung bákit hindí sya -makátagpo ně káhit isŕ nang mangŕ bágay na itň. Íbig niya ng makŕkíta -nang isa man lámang sa kanilŕ, úpang mŕláman nya kung túnay ngŕ` na -silŕ y máy-roo ng manga kapangyaríha ng hindí karanyúwan sa karamíhan -nang táo. - -Sya y naglálakŕd na isa ng gabě sa isŕ ng lugŕr na madilěm at -pinagkŕkatakutŕn, sapagkŕt díto y marámi ng nakŕkíta nang matandá -sa punsň. - -Ang tabáko nang matanda ng itň y nakatŕtákot ang lakě, at kung itň -y hititin nyŕ ang liwánag na nangyŕyári ay pára ng liwánag nang isŕ -ng sigŕ`. - -Sa gabi ng iyňn sa kanyŕ ng paglalakŕd maláyů pa syŕ y nakŕkíta na -syŕ nang isŕ ng liyŕb. Ang buhuk nyŕ y nagsitinděg at inakálŕ nya -ng bumalěk, dátapuwat nŕpigílan nya ang kanyŕ ng tákot at ipinatúloy -din nyŕ ang kanya ng paglákad. - -Sya y sinalúbong nang nagtŕtabáko. Pagkálapit nya y inanínaw nya -ang katawŕn nang matandŕ ng iyňn, dátapuwat hindí rin nasyahŕn ang -kanya ng pagsisyásat, kanya iníbig nya ng mŕkíta sa síkat nang áraw -ang matandŕ ng iyňn. Úpang itů y mangyári dápat nya ng pigílin ang -matandŕ`, sapagkŕt ang manga ispíritu ng itň ay bumábalik sa kanilŕ -ng tŕhánan sa impyčrno o iba pa mŕ ng lugŕr sa paglápit nang umága. - -Kanyŕ` ang ginawá nya y hinawákan nya agŕd ang matandŕ`. Ito y -nakipagbunň sa kanyŕ. Kung mínsan sya y nása ilálim, kung mínsan sya -y nása ibábaw, dátapwat hindí nya pinakawalŕn ang matandŕ`. Mahigpět -na mahigpět ang kanya ng kápit at tinalaga nyŕ ng sumáma káhit na -saŕn sya dalhěn nang matandŕ kung itň y malakŕs káy sa kanyŕ. - -Silŕ y nagbunň hanggŕng alastrčs. Si Pédro sa óras na itň ay pagňd na -pagod nŕ at malakě ang panglalatŕ`, dátapuwat hindí rin nya binitáwan -ang kanyŕ ng kabunň`. Nang magŕalaskwŕtru nŕ ay naglubŕy nang pagkílos -ang kanya ng háwak. Nang makaraŕn ang kalaháti-ng-óras ang sínag nang -áraw ay nagumpisa nŕ nang pagtanglŕw sa kanilŕ, dátapuwat hindí pa -rěn lubhŕ ng maliwánag úpang mŕpagkilála ni Pédro kung anň ang kanyŕ -ng tángan. Nang dumatěng ang alasěngko ay malaki nyŕ ng pagkámangha`, -nang mŕkíta nya ng sya y nŕŕákap sa isŕ ng halígi ng hindí lubhŕ ng -mataŕs káy sa kanyŕ, dátapuwat nŕtůtúlus sa lúpŕ at sunňg na sunňg. - - - - - -19. ANG TIYÁNAK NI HWŔN. - -Isa ng gabč si Hwŕn ay tumawěd sa ílog sa kanya ng paglilibňt. Nang -sya y nása pasígan pa lámang, nakáramdam syŕ nang sábuy nang buhángin -sa kanya ng likňd, nang sya y mátuntung nŕ sa kabuhangínan. - -Nang úna ng gabč itň y hindí nya ininň. Nang ikalawŕ ng gabč, nang -magdaŕn sya ng ulč sa pasíga ng itň, nakáramdam sya ng mulí nang sábuy -nang buhángin sa kanya ng likňd. Inakálŕ nya ng subúkan at hulíhin -ang nagsŕsábuy sa kanyŕ nang buhángin, kanyŕ` sa kanya ng paglákad -ay pamínsan-mínsan sya ng puměpíhit na pabiglŕ` sa kanya ng likurŕn, -dátapwat walá sya ng mŕkíta káhit na anň. - -Dáhil díto y siniglŕn siya nang kaunti ng tákot at inakálŕ nya ng baká -kung anů ng matandá sa punsň o tiyának ang kanya ng nŕkŕkatúngo. Kanyá` -tinulínan nya ang pagtakbň, dátapuwat hábang nagtůtúlin sya ay lálu -namŕ ng dumádalas ang pagdápů nang buhángin sa kanya ng likňd. Lumakě -ang kanya ng tákot at dáhil díto y bumalik syŕ sa kanya ng báhay na -patakbň nang úbus-lakŕs. - -Nang dumatěng sya doňn ay hinŕhábul nya ang kanya ng hiningŕ at hindí -sya makaúsap. Nang sya y makapaghinga nŕ nang kauntč` ay saká pa lámang -sya nakasagňt sa marámi ng manga tanňng nang kanya ng amŕ at iba pŕ -ng kasa-ng-bahŕy. Sinábi nya sa kanya ng amŕ na sya y sinůsundŕn nang -manga dwčnde sa kanya ng paglalakŕd at sinŕsabúyan sya nang buhángin. - -Itinanňng nang kanya ng amŕ kung saŕn ang lugŕr na iyňn at sinábi nya -ng sa pasígan nang ílog. Ang kanya ng amŕ ay nápahalakhŕk nang táwa -at sinábi nya ng iyňn ay hindí dwčnde, dátapuwat ang kanyŕ lámang -paŕ ang nagtátangŕy nang buhángin sa kanya ng likňd sa báwat kanya -ng paghakbŕng. - -Dátapuwat si Hwŕn ay áyaw maniwála` at máy ila ng áraw na hindí -sya nanáog nang báhay. Dáhil díto y iníbig nang kanya ng amŕ na -mŕipakilála sa kanyŕ ang katotohánan nang kanya ng sinábe, at isa ng -gabč ay sinábi nya kay Hwŕn na sya y magpasyŕl at magdaŕn sa lugŕr -di ng iyňn at sya y kanyŕ ng sŕsamáhan. - -Pumáyag si Hwŕn at sila ng dalawŕ y naparoňn sa pasígan. Nang dumatěng -na sila doňn ay nagpahúle ang ama ni Hwŕn. Nang itu namŕn ay naglálakad -nŕ sa kabuhangínan at nang sya y nakáramdam nang sábuy nang buhángin -sa likňd, siniglŕn sya ng mulí nang tákot at isinigŕw nya sa kanya -ng amŕ na nagumpisa nŕ nang pagsábuy nang buhángin sa kanya ng likňd. - -Pinabalěk nya si Hwŕn at kanya ng pinalákad na mulč`. Ngayňn ay -sinůsundan nyŕ sa likurŕn. Dáhil díto y nŕkíta nang ama ni Hwŕn na -twě ng sya y háhakbŕng ang sinélas na soňt nya ay nagtátangŕy nang -buhángin, at sa pagaalsŕ nitň nang paŕ ang buhángi ng tangŕy ay -napŕpasábuy sa likňd ni Hwŕn. - -Ang ginawá nang kanya ng amŕ ay ipinaalěs ang soňt nya ng sinélas at -pinalákad sya ng mulě`. Ngayňn, káhit na gáno kaláyo` ang lakáran ni -Hwŕn ay walá na sya ng nŕrŕramdamŕ ng sábuy nang buhángin sa kanya -ng likňd. - -Mulá noon ay nawalŕn sya nang tákot sa manga matandŕ`, duwčnde, -asuwŕng, at iba pŕ ng pinagkŕkatakutŕn. - - - - - -20. SI HWŔ NG MANGLILÍGAW. - -Ang dalága ng si Maryŕ ay balíta nang gandŕ sa kanya ng -báriyo. Dátapuwat walŕ ng manglilígaw sa kanyŕ, líban na lámang kay -Hwŕn. Ngúnit ang amŕ ni Maryŕ ay malakě ang pagkáayaw kay Hwŕn. Hindí -mŕkaúsap ni Hwŕn ang nilěligáwan kung hindí palihěm, sapagkŕt pag -nŕláman nang amŕ ni Maryŕ, itň y sinŕsaktan silŕ kápwa` sa pamamagítan -nang pamálň`. Kung měnsan at malakě ang gálit nang amŕ ay bambň ang -ginŕgámit nya kay Hwŕn, at sa ganitň y malápit sya ng mabalían nang -butň káylan man at sila y mŕhúli sa paguúsap. - -Isa ng gabě ng madilěm ang amŕ ni Mariyŕ ay naglibňt. Nang itň y -mŕláman ni Hwŕn pinarunŕn nya si Mariyŕ úpang kausápin. Nalibŕng -sila sa paguúsap, kanyá sila y dinatnŕn nang amŕ ni Maryŕ sa kanya -ng pagwč`. - -Siniglŕn sya agŕd nang gálit at pasigŕw nya ng kinaúsap si Hwŕn: -"Anu kŕ, salbáhe? Sinábi ku nŕ sa iyň ng hwag kŕ ng tútuntong díto -sa áki ng pamamáhay. Ano ang íbig mo t nŕrěrito kŕ?" - -At pagkasábe nitň y sinunggabŕn nya ang isa ng bisěg nang kawáyan at -inakmaŕn nya ng bambuhěn si Hwŕn. Sa malaki ng tákot nitň ay nagtalňn -sya sa bintánŕ`, dátapuwat sinundŕn din syŕ nang amŕ. Kanyá ang ginawá -nya y tumakbň sya nang úbus-lakŕs. - -Ang gabě ay madilěm na pára ng úling, at hindí nya mŕtumpakŕn kung saŕn -ang parunŕn, dátapuwat patúloy rin sya nang pagtakbň. Nagkangdadápŕ -sya sa pagtakbň, dátapwat maligsi syŕ ng nagbŕbángon at patúluy din -sa pagtakbň. - -Hindí naláon at nakádaan sya nang isŕ ng malakě at maitěm na -bágay. Nŕkilála nya ng iyňn ay isa ng kalabŕw, kanyá sya y lumundŕg -agŕd sa likňd nitň, at kanya ng pinatakbň. - -Ang pagsakŕy sa kalabŕw ay hindí lubhŕ ng mahírap sa kalapáran nang -likňd nitň at sa kahináan nang takbň. Kanyŕ`, káhit na walŕ ng pamitěk -si Hwŕn ay dí natákot na sumakŕy. Sa kadilimŕn nang gabě sa kanya -ng pagsakŕy ay nangyári ng náharap sya sa buntútan nang kalabŕw at -hindí sa uluhŕn. - -Pinatúlin nya ang kalabŕw. Nangyári namŕ ng ang kalabŕw na itň ay -árě nang amŕ ni Maryŕ. Hindí nalaúnan at nakátanaw sya nang báhay na -maílaw sa pinatůtungúhan nang kalabŕw. Ang boň ng ása nyŕ ang báhay -na iyňn ay sa kanya ng kápit-báhay. Kanyá bumabá sya sa kalabŕw at -patakbo syŕ ng pumanhěk sa báhay. - -Malakě ang nagěng pagkalitň nya at pagkatákot nang pagkápanhik nya y -sinalúbong sya nang amŕ ni Maryŕ, at binambň sya sa katawŕn at sinábi: -"Anň t nagbalěk ka pŕ? Hindí ba pinaláyas na kitŕ, wala ng hyŕ`?" - -Nang pagsa-ulŕn si Hwŕn nang kanya ng saríli ay nagtalňn sya sa -batalŕn at tumakbň sya ng mulí patúngo sa kanya ng báhay, dátapuwat -ngayň y hindí na sya sumakŕy sa káhit anň pa mŕn. - - - - - -21. SI MARIYŔ NG MARÁMOT. - -Nang nabůbúhay pa si Mariyŕ ay nátira syŕ sa kanya ng maínam na báhay -sa gitná nang isa ng maláwak na bakúran na may magagandŕ ng harděn -at manga púnu-ng-káhoy. Sya y lubhŕ ng mayáman, kanyŕ` ang búhay nya -y isa ng panŕy na kaginhawáhan. - -Hindí sya nakaratěng nang ápat na pu ng taňn sa gúlang at sya y -namatŕy. Ang lahŕt nang kanya ng yáman ay hinátě nya sa kanya ng -kapatěd at sa simbáhan. Hindí nya nŕalaála ang mahihírap nya ng -kakilála at ilŕ ng kápit-báhay. - -Ang kapatěd na naíwan ay nagpamísa nang sunňd-sunňd sa loňb nang pito -ng áraw, úpang ang káluluwa ni Mariyŕ ay papasúkin ni Sam-Pédro sa -pintúan nang lángit. - -Nang ang kanya ng kapatěd ay nabůbúhay pa itň y balíta ng balítŕ -sa karamútan. Siya měsmo ay bihíra ng magpamísa o magpatúlos nang -kandíla`. Ang manga pulúbi ng nagpŕpalimňs, kung tumáwag sa kanyŕ, -ay pinalŕláyas nya at hindí nilělimusŕn. Kadalasŕn ay ipinahŕhábul -pa nyŕ sa áso. Ang kanya ng manga kasamŕ ay pinapagtŕtrabáho nya -nang walŕ ng úpa, at kung kanya ng pakánin, ay wala ng úlam,--asěn -at kánin lámang. Sa panunúyo sa kanyŕ nang kanya ng manga kasamŕ, -twi ng silŕ y nagsěsiuwč` ay nagdádala sila nang manga manňk, itlňg, -biěk, at manga búnga nang gúlay o haláman, úpang ibigŕy kay Maryŕ. Ang -manga alaála ng itň ay hindí nila ibiníbigay dahilŕn sa kanilŕ ng -pagmamahŕl kay Maryŕ, dátapwat pára ng isa ng súhol, úpang sila y hwag -masiyádu ng alipustaěn sa kanilŕ ng pagparoňn sa kanya ng báhay. Kung -si Maryŕ namŕn ay lumálabas sa búkid sa kanya ng manga kasamŕ, ang -báwat mŕkíta nya sa pamamáhay nila na kanya ng mŕgustuhŕn ay kinůkúha -nya nang wala ng kibň` at hindí nya binŕbayáran. Kung halimbáwa y -makŕkíta sya sa kanya ng manga kasamŕ nang isŕ ng bágu ng yári ng -bákol, biláo, bistŕy, bayňng, baněg, palayňk, lumbň, sandňk, kalŕn, -o iba pŕ ng kasangkápan sa báhay, ay kinůkúha nyŕ at ipinadádala nyŕ -sa kanya ng báhay. Kung hindí nya magámit ang manga pinagkúkuha nyŕ -ay ipinagbíbili nyŕ. Gayon děn ang gawá nya sa manga háyop nang kanya -ng manga kasamŕ. Dáhil díto y yumáman sya ng agŕd. - -Nang sya y máy-roon nŕ ng tatlu ng áraw na namámatŕy, ang kanyŕ -ng kapatěd ay nŕrňroňn sa kanyŕ ng báhay at doňn nagpŕpalípas nang -pagdadalamháte`. Isa ng hápun nang sya y naglálakad sa hŕlamanŕn, -nátabi syŕ sa balňn na nása bakúran. Nŕpagúlat sya, sapagkŕt -sa ilálim nang balňn ay may nárinig syŕ ng tumŕtáwag sa kanya ng -pangálan. Itinungu nyŕ ang kanya ng úlo sa balňn at doňn ay lálu ng -nárinig nyŕ ng mabúte ang pagtáwag, dátapuwat walá sya ng mŕkíta ng -táo na káhit anň. - -Sinábi nang bóses: "Áki ng kapatěd, akň ay si Mariyŕ. Ang ginawá -ku ng pamumúhay na karamútan, kasakimŕn, at kalupitŕn ay áki ng -pinagbŕbayáran ngayňn. Akň ay nŕrěrinč sa pŕrusahŕn ni Bathálŕ sa lahŕt -nang makasalánan. Kung maŕárě ay hwŕg mu akň ng tuláran, at ikaw sána -y humánap nang paraŕn úpang mahángo mo akň díto sa kumúkulu ng langěs -na áki ng těráhan ngayňn." - -Ang kanya ng kapatěd ay lubhŕ ng malakě ang nagěng pagkahápis, -at sya y naparoňn agŕd sa páre`, úpang ipagtanňng kung papáno ang -paraŕ ng magágawŕ nyŕ úpang mahángo nya sa infyčrno ang kanyŕ ng -kapatěd. Ipináyo nang pári` na sya y magsadyá sa isa ng báyan na -máy-roo ng laráwan ni Sam-Pédro na milagróso. Ang laráwa ng itň ni -Sam-Pédro ay nakěkipagúsap sa manga táo at naghŕhátol nang sarě-sári -ng paraŕn úpang makapások sa lángit. Iyůn ang kanya ng milágro. - -Ang kapatěd ni Maryŕ ay nagsadyá agad-agŕd sa báya ng kinŕdňroonŕn -nang Sam-Pédro ng milagróso. Nang dumatěng sya roňn at nakěkipagúsap na -syŕ kay Sam-Pédro, sinábi nya ang lahŕt-lahŕt. Sinábi nya ng ang sábi -sa kanyŕ nang kanyŕ ng kapatěd ay ang kanya ng ginawŕ ng karamútan, -kasakimŕn, at kalupitŕn ay sya nyŕ ng ikinahúlog sa infyčrno. - -"Kung gayňn," ang wíkŕ ni Sam-Pédro, "humánap ka nang káhit íisa ng -táo, háyop, o haláman na ginawaŕn nang iyo ng kapatěd nang isŕ ng -kabŕítan. Kung ikŕw ay makŕkíta nŕ, bumalik kŕ ng mulí sa ákin, at -běbigyŕn kitŕ nang paraŕ ng ikahŕhángo mo sa hírap sa iyo ng kapatěd." - -Ang kapatěd ni Maryŕ ay umuwí agŕd sa kanila ng báyan, at díto y -nagusísŕ sya sa lahŕt nang namŕmáyan kung síno ang may útang na loňb sa -kanya ng kapatěd o kayá kung síno ang kanya ng ginawŕn o pinagsalitaŕn -nang mabúti. Dátapuwat káhit isŕ ay walŕ ng makasagňt. Ang manga -háyop namŕn sa manga kápit-báhay at sa bakúran ni Maryŕ ang kanya ng -pinagusisŕ`, dátapuwat walá rin syŕ ng nŕkíta na ginawaŕn nang mabúti -nang kanyŕ ng kapatěd. - -Ang isa ng áso ng buto t balŕt ay nagsábi sa kanyŕ: "Isa ng hápon akň y -gutňm na gutňm. Nakádaan akň sa kanyŕ ng bakúran nang isa ng butň. Itň -y kinagat kň at áki ng dinádala, nang mŕkíta nya akň. Ipinahábol -nya akň ng agŕd, at nang bitíwan ko ang butň itň y ipinabaon nyŕ sa -lúpa`. Iyan bŕ y isa ng kabŕítan?" - -Lálu ng lumakě ang hápis nang kapatěd ni Mariyŕ at untě-untě -ng nawáwalŕ ang kanya ng pagása na mahángo sa hírap ang kanya ng -kapatěd. Inumpisahan nyŕ ng usisáin ang manga haláman sa bakúran nang -kanya ng kapatěd. Inisa-isŕ nya ng lahŕt ang manga kalabása, úpo, -pipíno, síle, milňn, singkamŕs, manč`, talňng, sítaw, at sibúyas, -báwang, at iba pŕ ng gúlay. Sa kanilŕ y walá sya ng nŕkíta nang kanya -ng hinŕhánap. Isinunňd namŕn nyŕ ang manga púno-ng-káhoy. Siniyásat -nya isŕ-isŕ ang manga púnň nang síko, anúnas, átis, mabúlo, súhŕ`, -dalandŕn, dáyap, at balúbad. Ngúnit walá ri ng nagěng katuturŕn ang -kanya ng págod; íisa na lámang pangkŕt nang manga haláman ang hindí pa -nya naůusísa`, at kung díto y hindí sya makŕkíta nang kanya ng hánap, -ay walá sya ng magágawŕ sa pagdudúsa nang kanya ng kapatěd. Nalíbot -nya sila ng lahŕt, dátapuwat walŕ ng nakapagsábi na tumanggŕp sila -nang isŕ ng gawŕ ng kabŕítan sa kay Maryŕ. - -Sa kŕhuli-hulíhan pumaroňn ang kapatěd sa tabě nang balňn, at doňn -inusísŕ nya ng lahŕt ang manga damň. Nang dumatěng ang gabě ay íisa -na lámang na púnu-ng-damň ang hindí nya naůusísa`. Itň y nilapítan -nya na punň ng punú nang tákot at pagása. - -Itinanůng nya sa púno nang damň na nŕtŕtaněm sa tabě nang balňn: -"Nang nabůbúhay ba ang áki ng kapatěd, ay ginawŕn ka nyŕ nang isŕ -ng kabŕítan?" - -Isinagňt nang damň: "Ó! Ang iyo bŕ ng kapatěd? Siyŕ ngŕ`, siyŕ ang -nagbigŕy sa ákin nang bágo ng búhay. Noň ng tagáraw na nagdaŕn, lantŕ -ng lanta nŕ ang áki ng manga dáhon at akň y malápit na ng mamatŕy, -dátapuwat ang iyň ng kapatěd ay nalígo` isa ng hápon sa tabě nang -balo ng itň. Sa kanya ng pagpalígo` ay nŕwisikan akň nang túbig at -dáhil díto y lumakŕs ako ng mulě`, at ang manga lantŕ ku ng dáhon ay -nanaríwa ng muli`." - -Wala ng pagkŕsyahŕn ang naging tuwá nang kapatěd ni Maryŕ, at sa gabě -ri ng iyňn ay nagbalěk sya kay Sam-Pédro. Binigyan syŕ ni Sam-Pédro -nang isa ng dŕsálan, at sinábi sa kanyŕ na umuwé sya at iláwit nya -sa balňn ang dŕsála ng iyňn. Tawágin nya si Maryŕ at pakapítin nya sa -dŕsálan, at dáhil díto y mahŕhángů nya sa hírap ang kanya ng kapatěd. - -Nagbalěk sya ng agŕd at suměsíkat pa lámang ang áraw nang sya -y dumatěng sa bakúran ni nasíra ng Maryŕ. Lumápit sya sa balňn, -inilawit nyŕ ang dŕsálan, at tináwag nya ang kanya ng kapatěd. Itň y -lumitŕw sa ibábaw nang túbig at humáwak sa dŕsálan. Inumpisahŕn nang -kanyŕ ng kapatěd ang paghátak sa dŕsálan at sya y nátaas nŕ untě-untč`. - -Sa paghángo ng itň sa kanyŕ ay máy-roo ng ibŕ ng káluluwa na íbig -di ng makaalěs sa infyčrno. Kanyá silŕ y nagsikápit sa paŕ ni Maryŕ, -nang mŕkíta nilŕ na itň y nahŕhángů sa hírap. Dátapuwat nang ang paŕ -ni Maryŕ ay sya na lámang nŕlůlubňg sa túbig ang ginawá nya y ikinawŕg -nya ang dalawa ng paŕ, úpang ang manga káluluwa ng nŕkŕkápit sa kanyŕ -ay mangŕkabitŕw. - -Nang itů y gawin nyŕ ay napatěd ang dŕsálan at agad-agŕd sya ng lumubůg -sa balňn, at mulá noon ay hindí nŕ sya nŕkaúsap nang kanya ng kapatěd. - -Bumalěk itň kay Sam-Pédro at ibinalíta` ang nangyáre, dátapuwat sinábe -ni Sam-Pédro na walá na sila ng magágawa úpang mahángo sa infyčrno -ang kanyŕ ng kapatěd. - - - - - -22. TATLŇ NG KÁLULUWA NG TUMÁWAG KAY SAM-PÉDRO. - -Si Hwŕn ay isa ng bágu ng táwu ng makísig. Dátapuwat nang dumatěng -sya sa gúlang na dalawa ng pů t dalawŕ, sya y nagkasakět nang malubhŕ` -at dí nalaúnan at namatŕy siyŕ. Ang kanya ng káluluwa ay naparoňn sa -lángit at tumuktňk sa pintúan nitň. - -Si Sam-Pédro ay sumagňt sa kanya ng pagtuktňk at itinanňng nitň: -"Sínu ka? Anň ang sadyá mo ríto?" - -Isinagňt nang káluluwa ni Hwŕn: "Akň ang káluluwa ni Hwŕn. Buksan mň -ang pintň`, at íbig ko ng pumások." - -Binuksŕn nang bantay-pintň` ang pintúan, at bágu nya binayáa ng -makapások ang káluluwa ni Hwŕn ay sinyásat múna nya nang ganitň: -"Ano ang dáhil at naparíto ka? Ano ang kabŕnála ng ginawá mo sa lúpa` -at nagakálŕ ka ng nŕbŕbágay sa yň ang kaginhawáhan sa lángit? Ikŕw -bagŕ y may iníwa ng asáwa?" - -Ang káluluwa ni Hwŕn ay nagsábi: "Nang akň y nása lúpŕ pa, madalŕs -aku ng magsimbŕ, magdasŕl, at maglimňs, dátapuwat hindí ako nagkapálad -na magasáwa." - -Isinagňt nang bantay-pintň`: "Hindí ka dápat magtamň nang kaginhawáhan -sa lángit." - -At pagkŕsábi nya nitň ay isinara nyŕ ang pintň`. Ang káluluwa ni Hwŕn -ay hindí nakapások sa lángit. - -Pagkaalěs ni Hwŕn ay dumatěng namŕn ang isa pa rě ng káluluwa. - -"Sínu ka? At bákit mo gustň ng pumások sa lángit? Ikaw bŕ y nagasáwa -nang násŕsa lúpŕ pŕ?" ang manga tanůng nang bantay-pintň`. - -Isinagňt nang káluluwa: "Aků y ang káluluwa niy Andrčs. Nagasáwa akň -nang akň y násŕsa lúpŕ pa. Buksan mň ang pintň` at íbig ko ng pumások." - -Agad-agŕd na binuksŕn ni Sam-Pédro ang pintú nang lángit at pagkŕkíta -nya sa káluluwa niy Andrčs ay sinábi nya: "Ó! Kŕwáwa ng káluluwa! Sa -mangŕ gáya mo nŕtŕtaŕn at nŕrŕrápat ang manga kaginhawáhan sa -lángit. Pumásuk ka!" - -Ang káluluwa ni Andrčs ay tuwa ng twá at pumások sa masayŕ ng tŕhánan. - -Pagkásara nang pintň ay máy-roon na namŕ ng tumuktňk. - -"Sínu ka?" ang tanong ulí nang bantŕy. - -"Akň y ang káluluwa ni Mariyáno," ang sagňt nang tumuktňk. - -"Bákit ka naparíto? Bákit ka nagakála ng marápat ka ng magtamň nang -lángit? Ikŕw bagŕ y nagasáwa nang násŕsa lúpa ka pŕ?" - -Sa manga tanůng na itň y isinagňt nang káluluwa ni Mariyáno: "Nang akň -y násŕsa lúpŕ pa madalŕs aků ng magpamísa. Ang kalahátě nang yáman -ko ay ibinigay kň sa simbáhan sa pagpapamísa at manga pagpapatugtňg -nang kampána`. Ang nŕipatúlus kň ng kandílŕ ay hindí mahěhíla nang -tatlň ng kalabŕw, at kung sa pagaasáwa namŕn," idinugtung nyŕ, -"akň y nagkaroňn nang dalawŕ. Nabáo aků at nagasáwa ng mulě`." - -"Áki ng ikinalúlungkot ang hindí ko pagkaári ng papasúkin kitŕ. Ang -manga lóku ng gáya mo ay wala ng lugŕr díto sa kahariyŕn nang lángit." - -At isinara nyŕ ang pintň`. - - - - - -23. SI HWŔ NG BANGKÉRO. - -Isa ng áraw isa ng Kastíla` ay napatátawěd kay Hwŕn sa kanya ng -bangkŕ` sa ibáyo nang ílog. Ang Kastíla ng sakay nyŕ ay marúnung -magsalitá nang Tagálog. Kanyŕ`, nang silŕ y nŕlŕlayú na sa pasígan, -ay nagumpisa syŕ nang pakikipagúsap kay Hwŕn. - -Ang Kastíla ng itň ay isa ng marúnong na táo, sigúro ng isa ng gurů ng -balítŕ sa Espánya, at itň y nŕpagkěkilála sa pagsasalitá nya kay Hwŕn -tungkůl sa heyugrafíya, aritmétika, at iba t ibŕ ng wíkŕ sa Ewrúpa. - -Nang matápus ang kanya ng pagsasalitŕ`, ay nagtanůng syŕ kay Hwŕn -nang ganitň: "Ikŕw ba y nagáral nang hewgrafíya?" - -"Hindí pň`," ang sagňt ni Hwŕn,--at katunáya y uwalŕ ng mwŕng si Hwŕn, -sapagkŕt sya y lumakě sa hírap at sa gayň y panŕy na pagtatrabáho -lámang ang pinagdŕdaanan nyŕ ng búhay. - -Ang Kastílŕ ay nŕpagúlat sa sagňt ni Hwŕn at sinábe niya ng agŕd: -"Dináramdam ko, kaybígan, ang hindí mu pagkáalam nang hewgrafíya, -sapagkŕt dáhil díto y pára ng nawalŕ` ang kalahátě nang iyo ng búhay." - -Si Hwŕn ay hindí kumibň` at patúluy děn ang pagsagwŕn. - -Hindí nalaúnan at tumanůng namŕn ang Kastíla`: "Nagáral ka bŕ nang -aritmétika?" - -"Hindí pň`," ang sagňt ni Hwŕn. - -"Kung gayňn, kaybígan, ay pára ng nawalá sa iyň ang ikápat na baháge -nang iyo ng búhay." - -Si Hwŕn ay natákot nang kauntě`, sapagkŕt hindí nya mŕpagkúro ang -íbig sabíhin nang Kastíla`. - -Sinábi nya sa kanya ng saríli: "Kŕwáwŕ ka, Hwŕn, walá nŕ ng nŕtětirŕ -nang iyu ng búhay, kung hindí isa ng ikápat na partč lámang." - -Nang ang bangká nila ay násŕsa malálim na lugŕr na nang ílog, at -hábang ang Kastílŕ namŕn ay pinagkůkúro ang malakě ng kamangmangŕn -nang manga táo ng trabahadůr sa Filipínas, si Hwŕn ay tumanůng nang -ganitň sa kanya ng sakŕy: "Marúnong pú ba kayo ng lumangňy?" - -"Hindě`!" ang sagut agŕd nang Kastíla`. - -"Kung gayňn," ang sagot ni Hwŕn, "ay hindí lámang pára kayů ng nawalŕn -nang boň ng inyo ng búhay, dátapwat nawalá na ngŕ ng túnay." - -At sinabayŕn nya itů nang pagtataňb nang bangkŕ ng sinŕsakyan nilŕ. Si -Hwŕn ay lumangůy sa pasígan at ang Kastílŕ namŕn ay tinangŕy nang ágos. - - - - - -24. ANG KABŔÍTAN SA MANGA HÁYOP. - -Isŕ ng gabě ng madilěm ay naglálakad si Hwŕn sa manga kaparánga -ng malaláyo` sa manga báyan. Sya y patúngo sa kanya ng báyan. Bágu -sya makaratěng díto ay kinŕkayilánga ng magdaŕn sya sa manga ilŕng -na lugŕr. - -Isa ng gabě na sya y naglálakad sa ganitň ng lugŕr biglá sya -ng nŕpagúlat sa pagdatěng nang isa ng púsa ng itěm na humúni -at kinámot ang kanya ng paŕ. Ang ginawá nya y úbus-lakŕs nya ng -sinípa ang púsa`, at itň y nŕpahitsŕ nang maláyo`. Ipinatúluy nya ang -paglalakŕd, dátapuwat hindí nalaúnan at nagbalěk na namŕn sa kanyŕ ang -púsa`. Lálu ng lumakě ang kanya ng gálit at sinípŕ nya ng mulě` ang -púsa`. Inakálŕ nya ng ang púsa ng iyňn ay isŕ ng laruwŕn nang tyának -o asuwŕng. Ipinatúluy nya ang paglákad. Hindí naluwatŕn at ang púsa -ng itčm ay nagbalěk na mulí sa kanyŕ. Ngayňn, sa lugŕr nang sipáin -nya ang púsa`, itň y hinawákan nyŕ at dinala nyŕ sa kanya ng bisěg, -kanya ng hinagňd, at pinagtátapěk, at sinábi nya sa púsa`: "Mabaět -na púsŕ`, anň ang gusto mň? Sŕsáma ka ba sa áki ng paglalakŕd?" at -ipinatúluy nyŕ ang kanyŕ ng paglákad. - -Hindí nalaúnan at sya y sinumpňng nang antňk. Sa daŕn ay máy nŕkíta -sya ng isa ng báhay, dátapuwat ang manga táo sa báyan ay may paniwála -ng ingkantádo ang báhay na iyňn. Dátapuwat walŕ ng iba ng mŕtulúgan -si Hwŕn, kaniyŕ` ang ginawá nya y pumanhik syŕ sa báhay úpang doňn -matúlog. - -Sya y náhimběng, dátapuwat nang naghŕháti-ng-gabi nŕ ay nágising sya -sa kŕluskúsan nang manga dagŕ`. Ang ginawá nya y pinagsisipá nya -at pinagdadagukŕn ang manga dagŕ` úpang kanya ng patayěn o kayŕ y -palayásin. Dátapuwat ang manga dagŕ` ay dumámi nang dumámi hanggŕng -sa napunň` ang kuwŕrto at sya y kanilŕ ng pinagkakagŕt. - -Ang ginawá ni Hwŕn ay kinúha nya ang kanya ng púsa ng itěm at sinábi -nya ríto ng patain nyŕ ang manga dagŕ`. Ang púsŕ` ay ngumiyŕw at -inumpisahŕn ang paghábol sa manga dagŕ`. Malakě ang nagěng tákot nang -manga dagŕ`, at ang manga hindí nápatay nang púsa ay nagsipagtakbň sa -kaní-kanilŕ ng lunggŕ`. Nang mŕkíta ni Hwŕn na walá na ng nŕtětirŕ -sa manga dagŕ kung hindí dádalawa lámang, ay pinapaghintú nya ang -púsa`. Kanya ng hinúli ang dalawa ng dagŕ` at kanya ng inámo` at -inakálŕ nya ng isáma rěn silŕ na gáya nang púsŕ sa kanya ng paglalakŕd. - -Kinŕbukásan ay ipinatúluy nya ang kanya ng paglalakŕd. Inabútan -sya nang gabč sa isa ng lugŕr na wala ng báhay, kanyá ang ginawá -nya y ipinatúluy nya ang paglalakŕd papuntŕ sa isa ng báhay na árě -nang isa ng matandŕ`. Nagkátaon namŕn na ang matanda ng itň y isŕ -ng engkantadňr. Pinatúluy nya si Hwŕn at pinatúlog nya sa isa ng -silěd. Si Hwŕn ay natúlog nang walŕ ng paghihinálŕ nang anu mŕn. - -Dátapuwat, nang mágising syŕ kinŕbukásan, ay nŕpagúlat sya at -natákot nang mŕkíta nya ng sya y nŕkůkulňng sa isa ng kahňn na walŕ -ng bůkásan. Pinagsipá nya ang manga dingděng nang kahňn, dátapuwat -walá sya ng magawŕ`, itň y hindí nya mabuksŕn. Malakě ang kanya ng -pagdadalamháte` at walá sya ng mŕláma ng gawěn, nang mŕalaála nya -ng sya y may kasáma ng isŕ ng púsa at dalawŕ ng dagá sa kanya ng -kůlúngan. Kinúha nya ang dalawa ng dagŕ`, inamů-amú nya, at sinábi nya -ng bumútas silŕ sa kahň ng kanila ng kinŕkůkulungŕn. Ang manga dagŕ ay -nagumpisŕ nang pagkagŕt sa tablŕ at untě-untí sila ng nakagawá nang -húkay sa makapŕl na tablŕ, hanggŕng sa itň y nabútas. Nang makabútas -na silŕ ay bumalěk silŕ ng mulí kay Hwŕn at si Hwŕn namŕn ay pinabútas -silŕ ng mulě` sa dinděng nang kůlúngan. Sa paguúlit-úlit nang kanila -ng paggawá nang manga bútas, sa kalaúnan ay nakagawá silŕ nang isŕ -ng malaki ng bútas, at si Hwŕn ay nakawalŕ`. - -Ang matandŕ ay hinánap ni Hwŕn, dátapuwat itň y hindí nya mŕkíta káhit -saŕn. Kanyŕ ipinatúluy nyŕ ang pagwč`, at doňn nang dumatěng sya ay -ipinamalítŕ nya ang malakě ng serbísyo na ginawá sa kanyŕ nang kanya -ng tatlň ng kaybíga ng isŕ ng púsa` at dalawa ng dagŕ`. - - - - - -25. SI HWŔ NG MANGDUDÚKIT. - -Nŕbása ku sa isa ng nobéla ng Kastíla` na ang pamagŕt ay "La tůmba -de yčrro" ang sumúsunňd. - -Si Hwŕn ay isa ng báta ng lilimáhi ng taňn, anŕk nang isŕ ng kasamŕ -nang mayáma ng si Andrčs. Si Hwŕn mulá pa sa pagkabátŕ` ay pípe, -dátapuwat hindě` bingč. Gayon děn ang pagkapípe nya ay hindí malubhŕ`, -sapagkŕt kadalasŕn sya y nakasísigŕw, dátapuwat hindí ngŕ` lámang -gáya nang tiněg nang karanyúwa ng báta` ang sa kanyŕ. - -Isa ng gabě si Andrčs ay dumálaw sa báhay nang kanyŕ ng kasamŕ na -ama ni Hwŕn, at sa kanya ng pagdálaw na ytň y isináma nya ang kanya -ng anŕk na babáye, lilimáhin dě ng taňn ang gúlang. Káhit na pípe -si Hwŕn ay nakipagkayibígan sya sa anŕk nang kanya ng panginoňn, -at silŕ ng dalawŕ y nagsipaglarň` hábang ang kanilŕ ng manga amŕ -ay nagsŕsŕlitáan nang tungkňl sa pananěm. Ipinakíta nya kay Maryŕ -(na sya ng pangálan nang kanya ng kalarň`) ang manga larwan nyŕ na -gawá nang kanya ng saríli ng kamŕy at talíno. - -Ang kanya ng manga laruwŕn ay sarě-sári ng mukhá nang táo na ginawá -nya at nayŕyárě nang pútik. Marámi rin díto ang manga buň ng táo na -may sarě-sári ng anyň`. Ang ibŕ y nagtátaněm, ang ibŕ y nagsásayŕw, -ang ibŕ y nakahigŕ`, at gayon děn may manga nagbúbunň`, nagtŕtakbúhan, -at iba t iba pŕ ng anyň`. Gayon děn máy manga háyop syŕ; ang ibŕ y -nayŕyárě nang pútek at ang ibŕ y nayŕyári nang káhoy. - -Tumálik ang pagkakaybígan nang dalawa ng báta` at nŕwíli sila sa -paglalarň`. Nang makatápus nŕ ang kanila ng amŕ sa pagsasŕlitáan ay -tináwag ni Andrčs si Maryŕ úpang umwí na silŕ, dátapuwat niyáyŕ múna -ni Maryŕ ang kanya ng amŕ sa lugŕr na kinŕlŕlagyŕn nang manga larwŕn -ni Hwŕn, at úpang itň y mŕkíta nyŕ. Nang mŕmasdan ny Andrčs ang manga -larwa ng yňn ay nŕpagúlat sya sa lakě nang talíno na ipinakěkilála -nang dumúkit sa manga tao-taóha ng iyňn. Sinábi ny Andrčs sa ama ni -Hwŕn na itň y matalíno at dápat ipadalŕ sa pŕaralŕn. Dátapwat isinagňt -nang ama ni Hwŕn na syŕ y wala ng kwŕrta úpang ipapagáral kay Hwŕn. - -"Kung gayňn," sinábi ni Andrčs, "ay akň ang ůúpa sa mayčstro. Búkas -ay páparoon sa ámi ng báhay ang gurň ni Maryŕ. Sya y papagtůtuluyěn -ku díto sa iyň, úpang umpisahŕn nya ang pagtutúro` at pagbubukŕs nang -ísip ni Hwŕn." - -Napasalámat nang marámi ng marámi ang ama ni Hwŕn at silŕ y -naghiwalŕy. Malakě ang ikinalungkňt ni Hwŕn nang umalis nŕ ang kanyŕ -ng kalarň`. - -Mulá sa áraw na itň kadalasŕn si Hwŕn ay ipinasúsundň nang ama ni -Maryŕ úpang doňn siyŕ sa kanya ng báhay makipaglarň` kay Maryŕ. - -Isa ng hápon na silŕ ng dalawŕ y naglálaro sa hŕlamanan nang maláwak -na bakúran ni Andrčs ay nagdaŕ ng lumílipŕd sa tabě nang dalawa ng -báta` ang isa ng paruparň. Itň y kanila ng hinábol. Nŕůunŕ si Maryŕ -at sumúsunňd si Hwŕn. Sa pagtatakbň nilŕ ay nahúlog si Maryŕ sa isa -ng sápa ng mabábaw na pŕbyáyan nang manga isdŕ` niy Andrčs. Si Hwŕn -ay nŕpasigŕw nang malakŕs at pagsigŕw nya ng itň y napatirŕn sya -nang lamŕn sa lalamúnan at nagdudugň` ang kanya ng biběg. Hindí nya -itň inalintána at tumalňn din sya sa sápa` úpang iligtŕs si Maryŕ sa -pagkalúnod. Sa kababáwan nang sápa` ay hindí nangalúnod ang dalawŕ -ng báta`, dátapuwat siniglŕn lámang si Maryŕ nang malaki ng tákot na -sya nyŕ ng ipinaghimatŕy nang násŕsa túbig na syŕ. Kanyŕ` ang ginawá -ni Hwŕn ay hinawákan nya si Maryŕ sa likňd at itinaas nyŕ úpang hwŕg -makáinom nang túbig, hábang syŕ ay nŕsěsísid sa túbig. Ganitň ang anyú -nila nang mŕdatnan silŕ nang isa ng alíla ny Andrčs at silŕ y hinángo -sa sápŕ`. Malakě ang pagkŕgúlat niy Andrčs at malakě ang naging twŕ` -nang ama ni Hwŕn nang si Hwŕn ay márinig nila ng magsalitŕ` at ibalítŕ -sa kanilŕ ang nangyári. - -Dáhil sa pagsasalitá ni Hwŕn ay lálu ng lumakŕs ang kanya ng pagsúlong -sa pagaáral, at gayon děn lálu ng tumálik ang pagkakaybígan nila -ni Maryŕ. Dumatěng ang áraw na sinábi nang gurú nya na sya y dápat -lumípat nang báyan úpang ipatúluy ang pagaáral, sapagkŕt sya y walá -na ng mŕitúro sa kanyŕ. Itň y sinábi rin nyŕ kay Andrčs. Ang ginawá -ny Andrčs ay ipinadalŕ si Hwŕn sa isa ng eskwčlhan nang pangdudúkit, -at díto sya nagáral na may ánim na taňn. - -Si Hwŕn at si Maryŕ ay nagsilakě at ang kanila ng pagkakaybígan ay -nagěng pagiěbígan. Twě ng bakasyňn ay umuwč` si Hwŕn sa kanilŕ ng -báhay sa búkid ni Andrčs at doňn sya nagpŕpalípas nang áraw sa píling -ni Mariyŕ. - -Dumatěng ang isa ng áraw nang pagtatanyágan nang manga dinúkit nang -manga artísta, at dáhil díto y pinagarálan ni Hwŕn ang isa ng áyos -na kanya ng dápat dukítin parŕ sa áraw na itň. Ang manálo sa manga -kasále ay běbigyŕn nang isa ng ganti ng pálŕ na may malaki ng kasáma -ng kwŕlta, bukňd sa pagdiríwang sa karŕngálan nang mŕnanalň. May isŕ -ng taň ng nagtrabáho si Hwŕn sa kanya ng kumpusisyňn. - -Dumatěng ang áraw nang pagtatanyŕg nang manga dinúkit. Si Hwŕn, -ang kanya ng amŕ, si Andrčs, at si Maryŕ ay naparoňn sa báhay na -kinŕdňroonŕn nang manga dinúkit. Lubhŕ ng marámi ang manga táo, -dátapuwat ang pinagkŕkalipumpunŕn nilŕ ay ang dinúkit ni Hwŕn. Si -Maryŕ ay nápaiyŕk sa twŕ` sa gandŕ nang dinúkit ni Hwŕn. Si Andrčs -namŕn ay walŕ ng mŕláma ng sabíhin sa pagpúri. Dumatěng ang óras nang -pagpapaháyag nang manga hukňm kung síno ang nanálo, at ang dinúkit -ni Hwŕn ay sya ng binanggět na nakakúha nang gantě ng pála`. - -Itň y isa ng grúpo ng máy-roo ng isa ng babáye ng nakatinděg. Ang -kaliwŕ ng kamŕy ay may háwak na isa ng sulň` at ang kánan namŕn ay -isa ng koróna ng dáhon. Sa banda ng kánan nang babáe at sa ilálim -nang koróna ng olíva ay may isŕ ng bináta ng nŕlůluhod ang kána ng -paŕ. Sa kanya ng kaliwŕ` ay may háwak sya ng librň at sa kánan ay -isa ng pamukpňk. Sa kanilŕ ng paánan ay nŕsŕsábug ang iba t iba ng -kasangkápan nang isa ng nagŕáral. - -Nang silŕ y umuwč` ipinagtapŕt nang dalawa ng nagkŕkŕibígan sa kanila -ng manga magúlang ang kanila ng líhim. Ang ama ni Hwŕn ay nalungkňt -lámang, sapagkŕt nŕlŕláman nya na ang pagkakasŕl sa kanila ng dalawŕ -ay hindí maŕári`, sapagkŕt ang kanila ng lagŕy ay gáya nang sa isa -ng busábos o alípin at isa ng panginoňn o háre`. Pagkáalam ni Andrčs -sa bágay na itň ay siniglŕn sya nang malaki ng gálit. Ipinatáwag -nya si Hwŕn at kanya ng minúra. Sinábi nya ng sya y walŕ ng hyŕ` at -hindí marúnong tumanŕw nang útang na loňb, hindí marúnong kumilála sa -nagparúnong sa kanyŕ, at sinábi nya ng hindí sya maŕári ng mŕpakasŕl -kay Mariyŕ. Dáhil díto y sya y umalěs agad-agŕd na walŕ ng nakŕŕalŕm -káhit síno nang kanya ng patůtungúhan. - -Nagdaŕn ang limŕ o ánim na taňn at si Hwŕn sa kanya ng pangdudúkit -ay káylan ma y hindí nalělimútan si Maryŕ. - -Si Mariyŕ namŕn ay nagpalípas nang ánim na tao ng itň sa kanya ng -báhay. Nŕlůlugmok syŕ hábang panahňn sa isa ng malálim na kalungkútan -at tuwí na y si Hwŕn ang kanya ng nŕŕalaála. Si Maryŕ y nagkasakět -nang malubhŕ` at malápit na ng mamámatŕy. - -Ipináyu nang manggagámot nya kay Andrčs na, kung íbig nya ng -máligtas ang kanya ng anŕk, ay sunděn nya ang gusto nitň tungkňl sa -pagaasáwa kay Hwŕn. Dátapuwat nang pumáyag siy Andrčs ay lubhŕ ng -huli nŕ. Palalá nang palalŕ` ang sakět ni Maryŕ, at si Hwŕn namŕn ay -hindí nya nŕlŕláman kung saŕn ang kinŕdňroonŕn. Marámi sya ng inutúsan -sa malalaki ng báyan úpang hanápin si Hwŕn, dátapuwat nakaraan nŕ -ang marámi ng áraw ay walá pa ng nagkapálad káhit isŕ sa kanilŕ na -makátagpň` kay Hwŕn. - -Sa kalaúnan ang isa sa kanilŕ y nŕtagpuan itň sa báya-ng-Kamálig sa -kanya ng gŕwáan. Nang mŕbalitáan nya na ipinasúsundo syŕ ni Andrčs -úpang ipakasŕl sila ng dalawŕ ni Maryŕ, ay lubhŕ ng malakě ang kanyŕ -ng naging twŕ`. Dátapuwat gayon děn malakě ang kanya ng tákot na -baká hindí nya abúta ng buhŕy ang kanya ng iněíbig. Sya y matúli ng -matúli ng umwč` at nang dumatěng sya sa báhay niy Andrčs ay nŕkíta nya -doňn ang butň t balŕt na pangangatawŕn ni Maryŕ nŕlŕlátag sa kanya ng -hihigŕn. Nang sandalí ri ng iyňn ay nagpasundú si Andrčs nang isa ng -páre`, at si Hwŕn at si Maryŕ y ipinakasŕl. Hábang ang pagkakasŕl ay -idinŕdaos nang páre` ang hiningŕ namŕn ni Maryŕ ay pumŕpánaw. Nang -mákasal na silŕ ay nagkaroňn lámang si Hwŕn nang panahň ng mahagkŕn -ang kanya ng asáwa, at itň y pinanáwan nang hiningŕ na ang mukhá y -masayŕ at nŕngěngitě ang biběg. - - - - - -26. SI MARKÍTA. - -Si Markíta ay isŕ ng dalága ng mabaět at magandŕ, dátapuwat -mahírap. Sya y máy-roo ng isa ng nóbyo na mahírap děn, dátapuwat may -empléyo sa gobyčrno sa Mayníla` at máy-roo ng mabúti ng swčldo. - -Si Markíta ay máy-roo ng isa ng kápit-báhay na mayáman. Ang báhay -ay tablŕ, at yéro ang bubungŕn, malápad ang kanya ng bukirěn. Ang -kápit-báhay na ytň y malakě ang pagkágusto kay Markíta, dátapuwat hindí -nátin mŕsŕsábe kung túnay ang kanya ng pagíbig, sapagkŕt maluwŕg ang -kanya ng tornílyo. Lahŕt nang pagsúyo` ay ginawá nya kay Markíta, -dátapuwat si Markíta y isa ng dalága ng hindí sa-lawáhan ang loňb, -at ang lahŕt nang kanya ng pagsúyo` ay hindí pinansěn. - -Sa kalakhŕn nang pagíbig nang manglilígaw na si Markíta ay mápasa -kanyŕ, ang ginawá nya y gumámit nang lakŕs. Isa ng hápon pumások sa -bakúran nila Markíta at nagkubli syŕ sa isa ng púno-ng-ságing. Nang -hápu ng yoňn ay nagkátaon namŕ ng ang bakúran nilŕ Markíta ay -marumě. Kanyŕ itň y nanáog at niwalisŕn ang bakúran. Pagkátabi nyŕ sa -púno-ng-ságing na pinagkůkublihŕn nang laláke, itň y lumápit pagdáka, -tinangnŕn sya sa kamŕy at kanyŕ sya hinagkŕn. - -Nŕlŕláman na ninyň na sa manga mahihinhě ng táo doňn sa átin ang isa -ng halěk ay isa ng malakě ng kasiraŕn nang púri. Dáhil díto nang si -Markíta ay pumanhěk sa báhay na umíiyŕk, at nang mŕláman nang kanya ng -manga magúlang na syŕ y tinampalásan o hinagkŕn nang laláki ng iyňn, -inakálŕ nila na walŕ ng iba ng pangtakěp sa kasiraŕ-ng-púri ng itň -kung hindí ang ipakasŕl nilŕ sa laláki ng iyňn ang kanilŕ ng anŕk -na si Markíta. Káhit anň ng pagayŕw ang ginawá ni Markíta at káhit -na nŕlŕláman nilŕ na itň y may kaěbígan, ay kanila rě ng ipinatúloy -ang pagkakasŕl. - -Si Markíta ay isa ng báta ng lubhŕ ng masůnúrin sa kanya ng manga -magúlang, kanyá hindí sya makasuwŕy nang tňtohánan ngayňn. Ang ginawá -na lámang niyŕ ay isinúlat nya sa kanya ng nóvyo ang manga nangyári -at mangyŕyári at sinábi nya ng ang magíging pagkakasŕl sa kanyŕ ay isa -lámang pagsunňd sa manga magúlang at siya rěn ay kanya ng iněíbig. Sa -manga magúlang namŕn ni Markíta ay kanya ng sinábi na sya ay hindí -nila pakěkinabángan, sapagkŕt ang pagkakasŕl nya sa táu ng kanya ng -kinabůbuwisítan ay kanyŕ ng ikamámatay na madalě`. - -Ikinasŕl silŕ. Hindí nalaúnan at inapuyŕn si Markíta nang lagnŕt. Mulá -sa áraw nang kanya ng pagkakasŕl ay hindí sya makakáin nang káhit -anň, at áraw-gabě sya y lumůlúha`. Ang manga magagalěng na médiko sa -báyan, ang lahŕt nang yáman nang kanya ng asáwa, at ang lahŕt nang -manga panalángin nang kanya ng manga magúlang ay hindí makapagligtŕs -sa kanyŕ sa kamŕtáyan. Pagkaraŕn nang pitů ng áraw nang kanya ng -pagkákasŕl ay sya y namatŕy. Itň y nagěng malakě ng kalungkútan nang -kanya ng nagěng nóbyo at isa ng nakatúlong sa nagěng kasawiŕ-ng-pálad -nitň sa kanya ng búhay na dumatěng. - - - - - -27. ANG MANGMŔNG NA PÁRE`. - -Sa báya-ng-Balíwag ay máy nŕdistíno ng isa ng pári ng wala ng muwŕng -káhit anu mŕn. Hiněhinála` nang manga táo na syŕ y isa ng sakatéro -lámang sa Espánya na nápadpad doňn at idinistíno sa kanilŕ ng báyan -úpang magkaroňn nang swčldo at sa gayň y máligtas sa pagkamatŕy nang -gútom. Linggo-linggň syŕ y nagměmísa, dátapwat ang manga nakíkinig -nang mísa ay wala ng márinig sa kanyŕ kung hindě` ang salitŕ ng -"Mísa, mísa, mísa," at iba pŕ. Papasí-pasyal sa harapŕn nang altŕr; -kung mínsan ay humáharap sa manga táo, pinagdódoop ang kamŕy, at sa -lahŕt nang pagkílos nya ng itň y wala ng patěd nya ng sinŕsábi ang -"Mísa, mísa, mísa," at iba pŕ. - -Ang manga táo y nagálit at ipinagsumbňng sya sa arsuběspo. Ang sagňt -nang arsuběspo ay páparoon sya ng isŕ ng linggň at makíkinig nang mísa, -úpang mŕkíta kung túnay ngŕ` ang sumbong nilŕ. - -Dumatěng doňn ang arsuběspo. Sa kanyŕ y sinábi nang pári` na sya y -hindí makapagmísa, sapagkŕt ang manga ulňl na táo ay nagŕŕlísan sa -simbáhan paguumpisŕ nya nang mísa. - -"Búkas," sinábi pa nyŕ, "ay mŕmŕmasdŕn ninyň ang kanila ng -pagtatakbúhan sa pagbebendisyňn ko pa lámang." - -Kinŕbukásan ay linggň at sa pagmimísa nya ay háharap ang -arsuběspo. Umísip sya nang paraŕn nang pagliligtŕs sa kanya ng -saríle. Kanyŕ`, bágu sya nagumpisŕ nang pagmimísa ay nagpakuló sya nang -langěs. Hábang sya y nagběbíhis ang manga táo namŕn at ang arsuběspo -ay nŕůupú na sa simbáhan. Ang arsuběspo ay malápit sa altŕr at hábang -sya y nagběbíhis ang langěs namŕn ay kasalukúya ng kumúkulň`. Nang -makapagbíhis na syŕ ay ibinúhus nya sa lalagyŕn nang túbig na bendíta -ang kumúkulu ng langěs. Ang ugálě nya ay magbendisyňn múna bágu -magmísa, kanyŕ` pagpások nya sa simbáhan ay sya nyŕ ng iniwisěk sa -manga táo ang kumúkulu ng langěs sa lugŕr nang ŕgwa-bendíta. Ang manga -táo ng dinapúan nang maiínit na patŕk nang langěs ay nagsipagtinděg at -úbus-lŕkása ng nagsipagtakbúhan papalabŕs sa simbáhan. Nang mŕkíta itň -nang arsuběspo ay hindí nya ipinatulňy ang pagmimísa sa áraw na iyňn, -sapagkŕt wala ng nátira sa simbáhan ní isa mŕn sa manga táo. - -Sinábi nang arsuběspo sa párě` na sya y hindí mŕŕalěs sa báya ng iyňn -at hindí na nyŕ pŕpansiněn ang anu mŕ ng ipagsumbňng nang manga táo. - - - - - -28. ANG PŔKUMPISÁLAN. - -Si Párě Mundň ay sya ng nŕdistínu ng ilŕ ng taňn sa -báya-ng-Marikína. Sya y isa ng táo ng maibigěn sa pagliliwalěw. Sa -pagtupŕd sa kanya ng manga tungkúlin sya y hindí nagkůkúlang -káylan mŕn. Araw-áraw sya y nagměmísa at kung linggň ay makálawa -sya ng magmísa. Gayon děn sya y nagbíbinyŕg nang manga báta`, -nagbčbendisyňn nang patŕy, nagháhatid nang biyátiko, nagpŕpakumpisŕl, -at nagpakinábang. Ang lahŕt nang kanyŕ ng tungkúlin ay sinúsunod -nyŕ ng mabúte, dátapuwat ang pagpapakumpisŕl ay nilalúan nya nang -kauntě`. Sa ganŕ ng kanyŕ sigúro ng itň y mabúte úpang pauntiěn ang -manga kasalánan nang kanya ng kinúkumpisŕl, dátapuwat sa ibŕ sa kanya -ng manga kinúkumpisal itň y may nagěng masamŕ ng dúlo. - -Mínsan máy-ro ng isŕ ng babái ng dalága na mapagsimbŕ at -mapagkumpisŕl. Nang dumatěng ang dalága ng itň sa dalawa ng pů ng taňn -ang gúlang ay iníwan na nyŕ ang kabŕnála ng pagkukumpisŕl, gayon děn -bihíra ng magsimbŕ. Nang mínsan usisáin ang babáye ng itň ay nagsábi -nang ganitň: - -"Noo ng úna ang boň ng akálŕ ko si Párě Mundň ay isa ng sŕnto, dátapwat -ngayň y nŕpagkěkilála nang marámi na sya y isa ng buwísit na táo. Kung -bahŕ` at ang manga táo y nagsěsipamangkŕ` sa bahŕ`, sya y sa bangkŕ` -nang manga babáe nakíkisakŕy at hindí sa manga laláki. Kung umága -pagkamísa nya ay mŕkěkíta na sya ng nakatalungkň sa kanya ng pátyo na -ang ábito y nagůgúmun sa lúpa` at sya y humŕhágod nang manňk kaharŕp -nang ibŕ ng sabungéro. - -"Noo ng úna akň y madalŕs magkumpisŕl sa kanyŕ, dátapwat dumatěng -ang isa ng áraw na panŕy na kaululŕn lámang ang ipagtatanňng nya sa -ákin sa kumpěsálan. Súkat ba ng itinanňng nya sa ákin kung ilŕn ang -manlilígaw sa ákin, kung síno ang áki ng iněíbig, at kung saŕn akň -makěkipagtagpň`? Sa loob-loňb ku lámang ay nŕpakawala-ng-hyŕ` ang -pári ng itň. Kanyŕ` iníwan ku sya agŕd sa kumpěsálan at mulá noon ay -hindí na akň nangumpisŕl." - - - - - -29. SI HWŔ NG BÍBAS. - -Si Hwŕn ay isa táo ng mapaggawá nang kaululŕn, dátapuwat itň y hindí -nya sinásadyŕ` úpang magpagálit nang kápwa táo, kung hindí yon ay -talagŕ ng sya nyŕ ng ugáli` na átas sa kanya nang kanya ng pagiísip. - -Mínsan sya y naparňn sa fiyčsta nang isa ng báyan. May pasŕn sya -ng tatlň ng biěk, úpang ipagbilč sa báyan. Nang sya y dumating nŕ, -nŕkíta nya sa pátyo nang simbáhan ang marámi ng táo ng nalělípon at -nakíkiněg nang biníbigkas na talumpáti` nang kápitan sa báyan. Masikěp -ang pagkakátayo nang manga táo, dátapwat sya y nálapit děn sa -paanŕn nang entabládo na kinŕtŕtayuŕn nang nagtŕtalumpáti`. Hábang -nakěkipagsiksíkan syŕ, ang tatlň ng biěk ay wala ng lubŕy nang -pagyŕk. Nang syŕ y makarating nŕ sa harapŕn nang kápitan, tinúkup -nya ang manga biběg, úpang silŕ y patahaněn, dátapwat walá sya ng -magawŕ`. Náino nang kápitan ang manga ěyákan nang biěk at tiningnan -nyŕ kung síno ang máy dala doňn nang manga biěk. - -Nang mŕkíta nya si Hwŕn ay sinábi nya ang ganítň: "Huwán! Anň -ang gustu mň ng sabíhin sa pagpapaiyŕk mo díto nang iyo ng manga -biěk? Lumáyas ka ngayon děn, at hwag kŕ ng makŕtuntong-tuntňng káylan -mŕn sa lúpa-ng-Bůstos!" - -Si Hwŕn ay umalěs at umwč` sa kanya ng báyan sa San-Ildepňnso. Nakaraŕn -ang isa ng taňn at dumatěng na mulě` ang fyčsta sa báyan nang -Bůstos. Iníbig ni Hwŕn na pumaroňn, dátapuwat nŕalaála nya na tinangáan -sya nang kápitan sa báya ng iyňn na, pag sya y nŕkíta ng mulě` sa -lúpa-ng-Bůstos, ay sya y ipabíbilanggň` at pahěhirápan. Umísip si -Hwŕn nang paraŕn úpang makaparňn. - -Nang dumatěng ang fiyčsta ay máy-roo ng isŕ ng mísa ng malakě na -dinaluhŕn nang líbo-líbo ng táo. Si Hwŕn ay isŕ sa manga táo ng itň at -syŕ ang nŕpŕpansěn nang marámi ng táo, dahilŕn sa anyň nang pagkálagay -nyŕ doňn sa loňb nang simbáhan. Dí nalaúnan at isŕ sa manga táo ng -nagmámasid sa kanyŕ ay nagsumbůng sa kápitan at sinábi na si Hwŕn ay -násŕsa loňb nang simbáhan at nakasakŕy sa isa ng karéta na hiněhíla -nang kalabŕw, at ang lahŕt, karéta, kalabŕw, at si Hwŕn ay násŕsa -loňb nang simbáhan. Si Hwŕn ay hindí nanŕnáog sa karéta ng kanya -ng tinůtuntungŕn. - -Pumarůn ang kápitan sa simbáhan úpang hulíhin si Hwŕn. Nang málapit -syŕ díto ay sinábi nyŕ: "Huwán! Sumunňd ka sa ákin at ibíbilanggú -kitŕ. Hindí ba sinábi ko nŕ sa iyň t hwŕg kŕ ng tútuntong nang -lúpa-ng-Bůstos?" - -Isinagňt namŕn ni Hwŕn: "Ginoň ng Kápitan! Sinábi ngŕ` po ninyň sa -ákin iyŕn. Kanyŕ` akň y hindí makaalěs sa áki ng karéta. Nŕkěkíta -pú ba ninyň itň ng lúpa ng lúlan nang áki ng karéta at sya kň -ng tinůtuntungŕn? Ito pň` ay hindč lúpa-ng-Bůstos kung hindí -lúpa-ng-San-Ildepňnso. Doňn ko pň` sa áki ng báyan kinúha ang lúpa -ng itň." - -Pagkŕsábi ni Hwŕn nitň ay hindí nŕpigílan nang kápitan ang pagtáwa, -at sinábi na lámang nya sa kanya ng saríli na syŕ y wala ng magágawa -kay Hwŕn, sapagkŕt itň y nása katwíran. - - - - - -30. TATLŇ NG MAGKAKAYBÍGA NG MAGNANÁKAW. - -Si Hwŕn, si Andrčs, at si Dyégo ay tatlň ng magagalěng na -magnanákaw. Silŕ y balíta ng balíta`, at marámi ng táo ang nagsěsihúle -sa kanilŕ, dátapuwat sa galěng nilŕ nang pangingílag at pagnanákaw -ay hindí sila mŕhúle. Ang tatlň ng itů y nagtěpána ng mínsan na -magtatagpň` sila sa isa ng lugŕr na tahímik at líhim úpang pagusápan -nilŕ ang kanilŕ ng pamumúhay at manga mabubúti ng bágo ng paraŕn nang -pagnanákaw. Silŕ ng tatlň ay nabůbúhay sa pagnanákaw lámang. Ní isa -mŕn sa kanilŕ ay walŕ ng paghahánap na mabúte. Mulá pa sa pagkabátŕ` -ay ganito nŕ ang kanila ng pamumúhay, kanyŕ` silŕ y nagěng matalíno -at lubhŕ ng makínis sa gawa ng itň. - -Nang dumatěng ang áraw nang kanilŕ ng těpánan, madali ng áraw pa -lámang ay nŕrňroňn na silŕ. Malakě ng pamamalíta` nang báwat isŕ at -hindí magkŕmáyaw ang kanila ng pagbabŕlitaŕn. - -Itinanňng ni Hwŕn kay Dyégo: "Gánu ka na bŕ kakínis ngayňn sa áti -ng trabáho?" - -"Sa damdam kň," ang sagňt ni Dyégo, "ay akň ang pinakamakínis sa áti ng -tatlň, sapagkŕt akň y nakapagnŕnákaw nang manga itlňg na hinŕhalimhimŕn -nang manňk na hindí nŕlŕláman nitň. At hindí itu lámang," idinugtung -nyŕ, "ang manga háyop mŕn na mababagsěk ay nŕnŕnakáwan ku nang kanila -ng inakŕy nang walá sila ng málay." - -"Ganyŕn ba lámang ang kínis mo?" isinabŕd pagdáka ni Andrčs, "Akň -ay nakapagnŕnákaw sa háyop at gayon děn sa táo. Ang manga aláhas -nang táo na íbig ko ng nakáwin ay ninŕnákaw ko, káhit na natůtúlog o -naglálakad ang may áre`. Mínsan ay ninákaw ko ang isa ng singsěng na -hiněhigŕn nang may ári` úpang hwag mŕnákaw, dátapwat itň y nŕnákaw -ko nang walá sya ng málay." - -"Ganyŕn ba lámang ang kínis ninyň?" itinanůng ni Hwŕn, "Walá sa -kalahátě nang kínis ko sa pagnanákaw ang inyů ng manga nagágawŕ`. Akň -y nakapagnŕnákaw nang táo měsmo at hindí nang kanila lámang na manga -pagaáre`." - -Nŕpagúlat ang dalawŕ nya ng kaúsap, sapagkŕt hindí nila inakála ng ang -isa ng táo ng buhŕy ay maŕári ng mŕnákaw nang hindí nito nŕlŕláman, -at úpang subúkan nilŕ ang galěng ni Hwŕn ay nakipagpustáhan silŕ -ng dalawŕ kay Hwŕn. Sinábi nilŕ ng nakáwin nya ang párě` sa báyan -at ihatid nyŕ sa lugŕr na kanila ng kinŕdňroonŕn ngayňn. Kung itů y -magawá nya, bŕbayáran sya ni Andrčs at ni Dyégo nang limŕ ng daŕ ng -píso. Dátapuwat kung hindí nya magawŕ`, bŕbayáran nya si Andrčs at -si Dyégo nang isa ng daŕ ng píso. Umáyon si Hwŕn sa pustáha ng itň -at silŕ y naghiwá-hiwalŕy. - -Si Hwŕn ay napatúngu sa báyan at pinakibalitáan nya kung saŕn nŕtětirŕ -ang párč`. Nang mŕláman nya itň ay nagisěp sya nang paraŕ ng gágawin -nyŕ na pagnákaw sa párč`. Sya y pumásuk na alíla` sa pári ng itň. Sa -kanya ng pagkŕpaalíla ng itň ay nŕkilála nya ang manga ugáli nang -páre`. Isŕ sa kanya ng ugáli` na hindí nabŕbáli` káylan mŕn ay ang -pagdadasŕl nang rosáriyo sa harapŕn nang isa ng poňn. Ang poň ng itň -ay nayŕyárě nang káhoy, at itň y si Sang-Hwŕn. Ang lakě nang poň ng -itň ay kasingpantŕy nang isa ng táo. - -Ang ginawá ni Hwŕn ay nagpagawá sya sa isa ng mandurúkit nang isa ng -poň ng gáya rin nitň, dátapuwat hukŕy at wala ng lamŕn ang loňb. Ang -bútas na itň sa loňb nang katawŕn nang poň ng itň ay maŕári ng -sootŕn nang isa ng táo. Nang mayárě na ang poň ng pagawá ni Hwŕn, -ay pinalitan nyŕ ang poň ng si Sang-Hwŕn na túnay naárě nang párč`. - -Isa ng hápun bágu dumatěng ang orasyňn ay kumúha sya nang isa ng -sáko nang bigŕs at napaloňb sya sa loňb nang sŕnto ng ipinagawá -nya. Pagkahápon nang párě` itň y pumaroňn sa kwŕrto ng kanya ng -pinagdŕdasalŕn úpang magrosáryo. Nang magkákalahatí na ang kanya ng -pagdadasŕl at kátaon namŕ ng nangŕngáwit na si Hwŕn sa pagkátayň`, ay -nagsalitŕ ito: "Ihintú mu nŕ, Párě Lúkas, ang iyo ng pagdadasŕl. Ako -y pinŕparíto sa iyň úpang ihatěd kitŕ sa lángit." - -Nang úna ay siniglŕn nang tákot ang páre`, dátapuwat inakálŕ nya ng -ang kanya ng poňn ay nagměmilágro at totoo ngŕ ng sinúsundú sya úpang -ihatěd sa kalangitŕn. - -Sa kanyŕ ng hindí pagkibň` ay nagsalitŕ ng mulí si Hwŕn nang ganitň: -"Marámi nŕ ang kabŕnála ng iyů ng ginawŕ`. Matagŕl ka nang namůmúhay -nang mabába`, at dáhil díto y nŕtŕtaŕn sa iyň ang lahŕt nang -kaginhawáhan sa lángit. Sumáma ka sa ákin at iháhatid kitŕ." - -Isinagňt nang páre`: "Papáno ang gŕgawin kň ng pagsáma sa iyň? Aků -y matandá na at hindí ako makalŕlákad mulŕ díto sa lúpa` hanggŕng -sa lángit." - -Isinagňt namŕn ni Hwŕn: "Yňn ay hwag mů ng alalahánin. Máy-ron ako ng -isa ng sáko. Sumilěd ka díto at pŕpasanin kitŕ sa pagpuntŕ sa lángit." - -At pagkŕsábi nya nitň y iniladlad nyŕ ang sáko nang bigŕs. Pagkásilid -nang páre` ay tinalía ng mahigpět ni Hwŕn ang sáko. Lumabŕs sya sa -loňb nang poňn at pinasan nyŕ si Párě Lúkas patúngo sa báhay na kanya -ng pinagtipanŕn sa dalawa ng kaybígan. Tiwalŕ ng tiwalá si Párě Lúkas -na sya y papuntŕ sa lángit, kanyŕ` walá sya ng kibň` sa loňb nang sáko. - -Dátapwat, nang nagbŕbátis na si Hwŕn sa isa ng mabábaw na ílog, ay -inakálŕ nya ng sya y nŕlňlóko lámang at hindí sa lángit ang punta nilŕ. - -Kanyŕ itinanůng nya kay Hwŕn: "Anu ng ílog itň, at bákit táyo dápat -tumawěd nang ílog sa pagpuntŕ sa lángit?" - -Isinagňt ni Hwŕn: "Sssst! Hwag kŕ ng maíngay! Itň y ílog nang Hňrdan." - -Ang párě ay nagtahŕn nang pagsasalitŕ`. Ipinatúloy ni Hwŕn ang -paglákad. - -Nang sya y pumápanhik nŕ sa báhay na kanila ng tagpúan, nŕpagúlat na -mulě` ang páre`, at tumanůng sya ng mulě`: "Anu ng hagdánan itň? Ganito -bŕ ang hitsúra nang hagdána ng papuntŕ sa lángit?" - -"Sinábi ko nŕ sa iyň at hwag kŕ ng maíngay", ang isinagňt ni Hwŕn, -"Ito ngŕ` ang hagdána ng paakyŕt sa lángit." - -Nang mápanhik nŕ silŕ sa báhay ay sinalúbong silŕ ni Dyégo at ni -Andrčs. Inilapŕg ni Hwŕn ang kanya ng dalŕ, at sinábi nya sa dalawŕ: -"Dala ko ríto ang iniyútos ninyo sa áki ng nakáwin. Dala ba ninyň -ang lima ng daa ng píso?" - -Ang dalawŕ y hindí naniwála ng agŕd. Kanyŕ` ang ginawá nila y binútas -nilŕ ang sáko at sinílip nilŕ ang lamŕn. Sa loňb ay nŕkíta nila ang -úlo nang párě` na may satsŕt. Kanyŕ` iniyabňt nila kay Hwŕn ang lima -ng daa ng píso, at sila ng lahŕt ay nanáog pagdáka. Iníwan nilŕ ang -páre` úpang sya ay magpakawalŕ` sa kanya ng saríle. - - - - - -31. ANG PANGHUHÚLI NANG MANGA UNGGŇ`. - -Hindí bihíra` sa manga gúbat na mŕtagpuŕn ang malalakě ng káwal nang -manga unggň`. Kung walŕ ng armŕs ang isŕ ng nŕpápasa kanila ng lugŕr, -silŕ y mababagsěk, at may pangánib na patayěn nilŕ ang táo ng kanila -ng mŕpagkalipumpunŕn. Silŕ kung nagŕgálit ay nagsěsipanáog sa manga -púnů nang káhoy at pinagtůtulůng-tulúnga ng kinákagat ang táo ng -násŕsa kapangyaríhan nilŕ. Dáhil díto ang isa ng táo ng naglálakad -sa manga gúbat na marámi ng unggň` ay hindí magpŕpabáya ng magdalŕ -nang barěl. Ang manga unggň` kung pinůputukan nŕ nang barěl ay wala ng -tákot. Karamíhan ay hindí nagtŕtakbúhan, dátapuwat tinětingnan nilŕ ang -pinanggŕgalíngan nang íngay at nang asň. Ang manga dinŕratnan namŕn -nang bála ay sinásangga itň nang kanya ng kamŕy, pára ng sumásangga -sa isa ng pukňl lámang. Kanyŕ` ang manga pálad nilŕ ay nŕbůbútas děn -nang bála kung silŕ y tamaŕn. - -Hindí bihíra` ang manga táo y nanghůhúle nang buhŕy na unggň` úpang -kanila ng aliláin at ipagbilě sa manga taga iba t ibŕ ng lupaěn -na nagsěsipuntŕ sa Filipínas. Ang panghuhúle nang buhŕy na unggň` -ay hindí nangŕngailángan nang malakě ng págod, dátapuwat ang paraŕn -nang paghúle sa kanila ay isŕ ng panglolóko lámang sa kanilŕ. Ito ng -sumúsunňd ay isa ng halimbáwŕ nang paghúle sa kanilŕ. - -Kung ang isa ng táo ay íbig humúle nang unggň`, karanyúan ay -naglůlúto` o nagpŕpalúto sya nang kakaněn, at itň y hinŕhalúan o -pinahŕhalúan niya nang balasěng. Ang balasěng ay isa ng butň nang -haláman na nakalálasěng o nakapagáantňk nang malálim na antňk sa -manga háyop na makŕkáin. Gayon děn ginŕgámit itň sa panghuhúle -nang isdá sa ílog. Pagkalútň nang kakaněn itň y dinádala nang táo -sa lugŕr na kinŕdňroonŕn nang káwal nang manga unggň`. Dátapuwat -kung itň y ilagay nyŕ nang mahúsay sa lúpŕ` ang manga unggň` ay -hindí magsěsipanáog úpang kumáin. Hiněhinálŕ nilŕ na ang kakaně ng -iyňn ay páin lámang sa kanilŕ úpang silŕ y hulíhin o patayěn. Dáhil -díto ang ginágawa nang táo ay nagtŕtakut-takútan pagkátanaw nyŕ sa -manga unggň`, at sya y nagtátakbň na súnong ang biláo nang kakaně -ng may balasěng. Sa kanya ng pagtakbň ay nagdŕdapa-dapáan syŕ, at -dáhil díto y ang súnung nya ng kakaněn ay nŕpŕpalagpŕk at nŕsŕsábog -sa lúpa`. Kung itů y mangyári nŕ, ipinatůtúloy din nyŕ ang kanya ng -pagtakbň, at sya y nangúngublč sa isa ng lugŕr, úpang tanawěn nya ang -pagkakŕínan nang manga unggň`. Pagkŕkíta nang manga unggň` sa patakbň -ng pagalěs nang táo at pagkákubli nitň, silŕ y nagsěsipanáug sa manga -púno-ng-káhoy at nagsěsipagagawŕn nang kakaněn. Nagkŕkŕdagŕn-dagŕn -silŕ sa pagaagawŕn, at lubhŕ ng malakě ang íngay, sapagkŕt ang báwat -isa ng káwal nang unggň ay máy-roo ng limŕ ng daŕn o isŕ ng líbo ang -bílang. Pagkakáin nilŕ hindí nalŕláon at sinúsumpong silŕ nang antňk, -nagsěsipanghína` at hindí makaakyŕt sa káhoy. Isa ng nakŕtŕtawa ng -panoorěn ang manga unggň ng itň, matandŕ` at bátŕ`, ay nangŕtŕtalungkň -sa lúpa` at nagsěsipagyukayňk báwat isŕ. Ang ibŕ ng hindí nagkapálad na -makŕágaw nang kakaněn ay nagsísiyakyŕt sa púno-ng-káhoy at pinanónood -ang kanila ng manga lasěng na kasamahŕn. Pagaanyň` nang ganitň nang -manga unggň`, ang táo ng nŕkůkublě ay saká pa lámang lumŕlápit at -isa-isŕ ng sinůsunggabŕn ang manga natůtúlug na unggň`. Hindí maláo -ng panahňn ang pagubrŕ nang balasěng na itň, at ang manga unggň y -nagsěsihúsay pagkaraŕn nang ilŕ ng áraw. - -Ang ikalawŕ ng karanyúa ng gawěn sa panghuhúli nang unggň` ay ang -pagpapáin sa kanila nang nyňg. Ang isa ng boň ng nyňg ay nilŕlagyan -nang bútas. Ang lakě nang bútas na itň ay hustň lámang na mŕipásuk -nang unggň` ang kanya ng kamŕy kung walŕ ng tángan. Sa loňb nang -báo nang nyňg ay inilálagay ang isa ng pirásu-ng-lamŕn nang nyůg, at -ang lahŕt na itň y inilálagay sa lugŕr nang manga unggň`. Ang manga -unggň` ay magustúhin sa nyňg, at pagkŕkíta nilŕ díto ay dinůdúkot -nilŕ ang lamŕ ng nása loňb nang báo. Kung masunggabŕn na namŕn nilŕ -ang lamŕn nang nyňg, ang kanila ng kamŕy ay hindí nila mŕilabŕs sa -bútas, ní íbig namŕn silŕ ng bitíwan ang lamŕn nang nyňg. Dáhil díto -silŕ y pára ng nakapangŕw at paglápit nang táo ng manghuhúle ay hindí -sila makaalěs, sapagkŕt ang niyog namŕn ay mabigŕt at kung mínsan -ay máy-roo ng pabigŕt. Kanyŕ` paglápit nang manghuhúle, ay wala ng -hírap nya ng nasůsunggabŕn ang manga unggň` o matsěng na nangŕpŕpangŕw. - - - - - -32. ANG FIYČSTA NI SANG-HWŔN. - -Ang abéynte-kwátru nang Húnyo ay sya ng áraw na kapyestáhan -ni Sang-Hwŕn, at itň y ipinagdědíwang sa manga bayŕn-bayŕn sa -lalawígan nang Bulakŕn. Sa bwŕn nang Húnyo ay kasalukúyan ang ulŕn -at mapútik. Ang paniwálŕ nang manga táo si Sang-Hwŕn ay sya ng sŕnto -ng nagpŕpaulŕn, dáhil díto y maibigěn sa túbig at pútik. Kanyŕ` -ang manga pagdiríwang na ginágawŕ` sa kanya ng kaarawŕn ay lubhŕ -ng malakě ang pagkáiba sa pagdiríwang na ginágawa sa kaarawŕn nang -ibŕ ng sŕnto. Sa báya ng malalápit sa dágat kung bwŕn nang Húnyo ay -bumábahŕ`, at ang túbig ay umŕáhon sa báyan. Sa manga báya ng malaláyo` -sa dágat ay lubhŕ ng maulŕn děn, at karanyúwa y ang manga pagbahŕ ng -itň at pagulŕn ay nŕtŕtaňn sa kaarawŕn ni Sang-Hwŕn. Ang manga táo -ng kasáli sa pagdiríwang ay nagsěsipagbasŕ` sa bahŕ` o sa ulŕn. Sa -manga báyan nang Malólos at Hagúnoy kung nŕtŕtaňn ang fyčsta ng itň sa -isa ng bahŕ ng malakě, hálos lahŕt nang táo ay naglúlublob sa túbig -o kayŕ y nagsěsipamangkŕ`. Kung hindí namŕn bahŕ`, ang manga táo y -nagsěsipaglibňt lámang sa ulŕn. Marámi ng taga búkid at taga báriyo ay -nagsěsipagpalimňs sa kaarawŕ ng itň. Karamíhan sa kanilŕ ay manga báta` -o kayŕ y manga bináta`. Bihíra ng máy manga babáye. Pangkat-pangkŕt -sila ng nagsěsipagpalimňs, at báwat isa ng pangkŕt ay máy manga kasáma -ng músiku ng bungbňng. Ang manga hindí nagsísitugtňg ang katungkúlan ay -kumantŕ o kayŕ y sumayŕw. Sila ng lahŕt ay uwalŕ ng pamamáro` hálos, -gáya nang manga Igoróte, dátapuwat ang boň ng katawŕn mulá sa paŕ -hanggŕng úlo, patě manga matŕ at taínga, ay nŕkůkulapúlan nang pútek. - -Ang manga pangkŕt na itň ay tumŕtáwag sa bahay-bahŕy. Naghíhintó sila -sa harapŕn nang báhay, at díto y tumútugtog silŕ o kayŕ y nagsěsikantŕ -o nagsásayŕw. Ang karanyúa ng kanila ng kantahěn ay úkol sa nagěng -pamumúhay ni Sang-Hwŕn o kayŕ y nang iba ng sŕnto ng kaybígan nitň. Sa -kanila ng pagtutugtúgan ang kanila ng áyos ay makahiléra ng pabilňg, -kung mínsan ay nakatayň`, kung mínsan ay nakatalungkň`, o kayŕ y -nakaluhňd. Kung máy-roo ng nagkákantŕ o sumásayŕw, itň y násŕsa loňb -nang bílog nang manga mŕnunugtňg, at doňn nya ginágawŕ ang kanya -ng pagkantŕ o pagsayŕw. Pagkaraŕn nang dalawŕ o tatlň ng tugtúgan, -kantáhan, o sŕyáwan, sila y nagsěsipaghintň` at sabŕy-sabŕy na -nagsěsipanghingě` nang limňs sa manga táo ng nanúnood sa kanilŕ. Kung -sila y hindí limusŕn, kumůkúha silŕ nang pútik sa kanila ng katawŕn -at pinúpukul nilŕ ang manga táo ng mararámot. - -Ang boň ng maghápun ay inůúbus nilŕ sa ganitň ng pagdiríwang. Ang manga -manglilímos na itň ay lubhŕ ng marámi rěn, kanyŕ` silŕ y nakatůtúlung -na magpasiglŕ sa báyan káhit na lubhŕ ng maulŕn. - -Sa manga pagbabangkáan namŕn ay hindí bihírŕ` ang magkalunňd ang -manga táo. Kanyŕ ang ugáli ng itň ay unti-untě ng nawáwalŕ`. Gayon -děn sa manga panahň ng itň ang manga táo y nagíging kuríput at bihíra -ng maglimňs. Kanyŕ` ang manga manghihingí nang limůs sa kaarawŕn ni -Sang-Hwŕn ay untě-untě ng nawáwalŕ`. - - - - - -33. ANG MANGA PANGINGÍLIN NANG MANGA KAMAGÁNAK NANG ISA NG NAMATŔY. - -Ang isŕ ng angkŕ ng namŕmatayŕn ay hindě` ang kanila ng loňb at -káluluwa lámang ang nagtátamu nang hírap, kung hindě` patě ang bulsŕ -rěn nilŕ. Itů y dahilŕn sa lubhŕ ng malalakě ng dámi nang ginůgúgul -nang namŕmatayŕn sa pagdadáos nang sarě-sári ng kaugaliŕn. - -Sa áraw nang pagkamatŕy nang isa ng táo, sa angkŕn nitň ay marámi ng -lubhŕ` ang nagsěsidálaw, at ang manga nagsěsidálaw namŕ ng itň ay hindí -nasěsyahŕn nang pakikipagdalamhátě lámang sa kamaganákan nang namatŕy, -dátapuwat silŕ y nagtútumirŕ sa báhay nang namatayŕn. Dáhil díto -ang angkŕn nang namatŕy ay napěpilíta ng maghandá nang pangpakáin sa -manga dálaw. Karanyúwa y hindí inilílibing agŕd ang patŕy, dátapuwat -ibinůbúrol múna ng dalawŕ o tatlo ng áraw mulá sa pagkalagůt nang -hiningŕ. Sa manga áraw na itň áraw-gabě ay walŕ ng patěd ang dálaw -nang manga táo. Karamíhan ay manga kamagának at ibŕ y manga kaybígan, -kápit-báhay, o ibŕ ng kakilála sa báyan. Kung ang namatŕy ay isa ng -táo ng marámi ng kaybígan o kamaganákan sa iba ng báyan sila mŕn ay -dumŕdálaw rěn, at silŕ y dápat na bigyŕn nang těráhan at pagkáin nang -angkŕn nang namatŕy. Itň y ganitň sapagkŕt sa manga bayŕn-bayŕn sa -prověnsiya ay walŕ ng báhay-tůlúyan. - -Sa pagpapakáin sa marámi ng dálaw na itň hindí bihíra ng nakaůúbus -silŕ nang kabyŕk na báka at ilŕ ng túpa, kambčng, at hindí mabílang -na manga manňk. Ang kosinéro karanyúwa y upahŕn, at ang malalápit -na kamagának nang namatŕy ay nagsěsitúlung na maglúto`. Dáhil díto -sa báhay nang namatayŕn ang lugŕr na kinŕbůburúlan nang patŕy ay -tahímik na tahímik at káhit na marámi ng táo ang nŕrňroňn, pabulňng -lámang kung silŕ y magsŕlitáan. Dátapuwat sa kainŕn at lutuŕn ang -íngay ay hindí karanyúan. Isa t isŕ y nagůútos sa manga alíla`, may -naghůhúgas nang pinggŕn o kayŕ y manga palayňk, may nagpŕpakintŕb -nang manga tinidňr at kutsílyo, may nagháhandŕ` sa lamésa, at iba -pŕ. Sa kusínŕ namŕn ang sagitsět nang kawále` ay wala ng lubŕy. Ang -pagtatadtŕd nang karnč ay wala ng patěd at ang tiněg nang kosinéro -at kanya ng alagŕd ay sya na lámang nŕrěriněg. - -Dátapuwat sa isa ng silěd namŕn nang báhay ay doňn nŕrňroňn at -nŕlůlugmňk sa pagdadalamháte` ang manga angkŕn nang namatŕy. Sila y -nagsísiyŕk nang úbus-lakŕs at kung mínsa y nagdúduklŕy-duklŕy silŕ -nang kung ano-anň ang mangyŕyári sa kanila ng pamumúhay dahilŕn sa -pagpánaw nang namatŕy. - -Kung mayáman ang namatŕy, itň y ipinadŕdápit sa párč` at iniháhatid -sa simbáhan. Pagdatěng doňn sa simbáhan binčbendisyunŕn nang párč` ang -patŕy at pagkatápos ay iniháhatid děn nya sa lěbíngan. Ang lahŕt nang -manga dálaw ay kasáma sa pagliliběng na itň at kadalasŕ y nŕsŕsakay -silŕ sa manga karumáta. Ang manga karumáta ng itň namŕn ay upahŕn, -líban na lámang sa ilŕ ng árě nang manga dálaw. - -Pagkálibing nang patŕy ang manga dálaw na taga iba ng báyan ay doon -děn ang wč` sa báhay nang namatŕy. Kadalasŕn silŕ y nagsěsialěs agŕd, -dátapuwat kung magkŕbihíra` ay silŕ y nagtítira na tatlu ng áraw úpang -makŕsále sa pagtatatlo-ng-gabč. Ang tatlů ng gabč ay idinŕdáos sa -báhay nang namatŕy. Díto ay dumŕdálaw ang manga kamaganákan at silŕ y -nagsísipagdasŕl. Sa pagdadasŕl na itň ay ang manga matatandá lámang -ang kasáli, at ang manga binátŕ at dalága ay nagsěsipagbugtúngan -namŕn. Ang ganitň ng pangingílin ay ginágawa sa loňb nang tatlu ng -gabč. Sa katapusŕ ng gabč karanyúa y lubhŕ ng marámi ang táo, at ang -handŕ` ay malakě káy sa dalawŕ ng gabě ng nagdaŕn. Marámi rěn namŕn -sa manga nagsísidalň ang nagbíbigay nang limůs sa namatayŕn. Karanyúwa -y manga pangpakáin sa manga dálaw. - -Sa manga angkŕ ng mahihírap ang manga pangingíli ng ito ay ginágawá -rěn, dátapuwat ang pagdápit at paghahatěd lámang nang pári sa patŕy -ay walŕ`. Sa pagbebendisyňn nang patŕy ang isa ng táo y makabŕbáyad -sa páre` nang gustuhěn nyŕ. Ang pinakamúra ay ang pagbebendisyňn -sa patŕy sa pintúan lámang nang simbáhan at sa sahěg nŕlŕlapŕg. Ang -sumúsunňd ay ang pagbebendisyňn nang patŕy sa pintúan děn, dátapuwat -nŕpŕpátung lámang ang ataňl sa isa ng altŕr. Ang manga mahahalagŕ ng -pagbebendisyňn ay ginágawŕ` sa tabě nang altŕr. Mulá sa isa ng daŕ -ng píso hanggŕng sa lima ng daŕn ang manga halagŕ nitň. - - - - - -34. ANG TAKBÚHAN SA AMERIKÁNO. - -Ang manga táo sa San-Migčl ay nagěng pára ng manga káwal nang háyop -na uměílag sa manga pamálo` nang manga pastňl at panghahábol nang -manga áso ng mababagsěk. Silŕ y lubhŕ ng maibigěn sa katahimíkan -at kapayapaŕn. Gayon děn sila y lubhŕ ng pŕniwalaěn sa sabi-sabě, -at itň ng manga bágay na yitň ay sya ng hindí ikinŕpátag nang marámi -sa kanilŕ sa báyan sa panahňn nang manga paghihěmagsíkan lában sa -Kastíla` at sa Amerikáno. Totoň rěn namŕn na marámi sa kanilŕ ay -nangagsipagtakbň dahilŕn lámang sa katakútan o kadwágan. - -Nang mangyári ang paghihěmagsíkan lában sa Kastíla` nang taň ng isa -ng líbo walu ng daŕn at siyŕm na pu t ánim, akň y ŕápat na taňn pa -lámang sa gúlang. Áyon sa sinábi sa ákin nang áki ng nánay, kamě ay -nagsipuntŕ sa Mayníla` sa lugŕr nang umáhon sa bundňk. Walá ako ng -marámi ng natŕtandaŕn nang manga nangyári sa panahň ng yaňn, kung -hindí ang bágay nang ámi ng pagpuntŕ sa estasyňn nang trčn. Pagdatěng -sa Mayníla` ay hindí kami nakapások sa loňb nang báyan kung hindě` -may pahintúlot nang isa ng pinúno` sa báya ng iyňn. - -Ang sumúsunod na bágay na nátalŕ` sa áki ng pangalaála ay ang -pagkátira námin sa Bigaŕ, sa báhay nang isa ng mŕnananggňl na ang -pangála y si Don-Nasáryo. Ang dahilŕn nang ikinalípat námin sa báya -ng itň ay ang pagílag sa paglalabanŕn nang manga Katipúnan at manga -Kastíla` sa Mayníla`. Sa Bigaŕ ay manga sundálo ng Tagálog sa kanila -ng pagsasánay sa pakikipaglában. - -Hindí nalaúnan at kamě ay nápasa báyan nang Bůstos. Ang báya ng itň -ay nasŕsákup děn sa manga panahň ng iyňn nang manga Katipunéros. Ang -báya ng iyňn ay lubhŕ ng magandŕ dahilŕn sa sarě-sáre ng hitsúra -nang manga bágay-bágay na nŕkěkíta. Ang ílug ay lubha ng maláwak, -ang pasígan ay malápad, may manga buntňn nang batň at buhángin sa -pasígan. Ang ámi ng manga kaybíga ng tinulúyan ay mababaět na táo. Akň -at ang áki ng kapatěd na babáye ay kanila ng paráti ng ipinalílibŕng, -at ang paglilibŕng na itň ay ang pagpapasísid nang páto sa malínaw -na túbig sa ílog. - -Kung anň ang nangyári sa manga paglalabanŕn nang manga panaho ng iyňn -ay hindí ku nŕalamŕn, dahilŕn sa kaliitŕn at kawalŕn pa nang málay. - -Nang dumatěng ang takbúhan sa Amerikáno, akň y may gúlang na -nang kauntě`, at marámi aků ng natŕtandaŕn sa ámi ng pagtakbň sa -bundňk. Nang ang manga Amerikáno ay nagsěsipanálo na lában sa manga -sundálo ni Aginŕldo ang manga táo sa báya-ng-San-Migčl ay pinagsisiglŕn -nang tákot. Lumagánap sa báyan ang balíta` na ang manga Amerikáno ay -manga táo ng salbáhe, malulupět, at mababagsěk at wala ng pětágan -sa káhit anu pa mŕn. Itň y sigúru ng isa ng balíta ng pakálat nang -manga Kastíla` at lálů na nang manga kúra sa Filipínas. - -Dáhil sa pagkatákot nang manga táo sa manga Amerikáno hálus kami ng -lahŕt na namŕmáyan ay nagsipagbalůt at nagsiáhun sa bundňk. Kamě ay -nŕtětirŕ noňn sa báhay nang isa ng áli nang áki ng nánay, at doňn -ay kasúno rěn námin ang angkŕn nang kúya nang áki ng nánay. Áki ng -natŕtandaŕn na máy-roň ng mahigět na sŕ m pu ng áraw ang pagbabastáan -at ang paghahŕkútan nang manga kasangkápan námi ng magkakasúno`. Ang -manga karitňn na máy lúla ng kasangkápan ay gabě kung ipalákad, úpang -ang manga kalabŕw na huměhíla ay huwŕg magsisáyad sa kainítan nang -áraw. Ang manga karitňn ay půnúan hanggŕng sa ituktňk nang kárang nitň -at ang manga kalabŕw ay lubhŕ ng nahirápan sa paghíla nang mabibigŕt -na lúlan. Nang walá na ng nŕtětirŕ sa manga abúbot ay kamě namŕ ng -manga táo ang nagsilúlan sa karitňn úpang ihatěd sa bundňk. - -Ang lugŕr na ámi ng pinarunŕn ay tinŕtáwag na Paŕ-ng-Bundňk, -kalaháti-ng-áraw na lakárin mulá sa Sibňl. Doňn ang dinatnŕn -námi ng titirhŕn ay isa ng kúbo lámang na may atěp na kúgon at -lubhŕ ng maliět. Ang sahěg ay manga sangŕ nang káhoy na pinutúlan -nang manga maliliět na sangŕ, dátapuwat hindí makikínis ní hindí -pantay-pantŕy. Gayon děn lubhŕ ng maliět at pinŕpások nang hángin at -laměg. Ganoňn ang ámi ng tinirhŕn na may ila ng bwŕn, sa lugŕr nang -báhay na tablŕ nang áli nang áki ng nánay. - -Doňn sa Paŕ-ng-Bundňk ay nakátagpu kamě nang marŕmi ng kababáyan na -nagsiílag děn, at ang manga náhuli ng nagsidatěng ay nagbalíta ng ang -lahŕt nang táo sa báyan ay nangása bundok nŕ o kayŕ y nangása ibŕ -ng báyan nŕ. Ang báya-ng-San-Migčl ay nawalŕ`, dátapuwat ang manga -báhay ay sya lámang nŕrňroňn. - -Pagkaraŕn nang ila ng bwŕ ng pagtitirŕ námin sa Paŕ-ng-Bundňk ay -lumípat kamě sa isa ng lugŕr na líhim. Ang lugŕr na iyňn ay isŕ -ng kaingěn sa kagubátan. Walŕ ng nakŕŕalam ní sínu man sa ámin ang -pangálan nang lugŕr, at ang ibŕ ng nakŕŕalŕm ay inilíhim na lubhŕ`, -úpang hwag mŕpagalamŕn nang iba ng táo ang ámi ng kinŕtŕtagúan. Iyňn ay -paraŕn nang pangingílag hindí sa kaáway lámang, dátapuwat sa tulisŕn at -magnanákaw děn. Ang báhay na tinirhŕn námin doňn ay lubhŕ ng malakě, -mahába ng mahába` sa ilálim nang isŕ ng bubungŕn. Ang kabahayŕn ay -hináti nang magkakasinglakě ng kwŕrto. Máy-roo ng walň ang bílang -nitň. Sa báwat kwŕrto ay isŕ ng angkŕn ang nátirŕ. Díto ay máy-roon -dě ng ila ng bwŕn ang ámi ng ikinŕpagtirŕ. - -Nang mŕlŕlapit nŕ sa báya-ng-San-Migčl ang manga Amerikáno, nŕbalitáan -námin na ang manga táo ng itň y hindí gáya nang manga sabě-sabč, kanyŕ` -umuntí nang umuntě` ang ámi ng tákot sa kanilŕ. Dáhil díto y umalěs -kamě sa ámi ng malálim na taguŕn, at naparoňn kamě sa Páho`. Itň y isŕ -ng lugŕr sa bundok děn, dátapuwat malápit nang kauntě` sa báyan. Díto -y lubhŕ ng marámi kamě ng dinatnŕn nang manga kababáyan at tagŕ iba -t ibŕ ng lugŕr. Karamíhan sa kanilŕ ay máy manga sakět, dahilŕn sa -pagtitirŕ sa bundňk. Díto nagkaroňn nang malakě ng kagamitŕn ang manga -gamňt na ipinaáhon ni Nánay sa bundňk, at hindí iníwan sa báyan. Ang -manga gamňt na itň y árě ni Tátay at kanya ng iníwan sa pagkapatápun -sa kanyŕ nang manga kúra sa Holň. Isa ng umága máy-roo ng tumáwag sa -ámi ng báhay úpang bumilě nang gamňt. Hinánap ni Nánay ang kahň ng -kinŕlŕlagyŕn nang gamňt. Nang itň y mabuksan nŕ ay nŕkíta námin ang -isŕ ng áhas na nakaíkid at natůtúlog sa ibábaw nang ipŕ na nŕtŕtábon -sa manga bóte. Malaki ng twŕ` nang ibŕ ng táo ng nakŕkíta, dátapuwat -si Nánay ay natákot lámang. Hindí nya nŕlŕláman ang kahulugŕn nang -áhas na iyňn. Pagkaraŕn nang kŕtwáan ay itinanůng ni Nánay kung -anň ang dáhil at silŕ y nagkŕkŕtwáan. Isinagňt nilŕ kay Nánay na -ang kahulugŕn nang áhas na iyňn ay ang pagpatúngo sa pagyáman nang -may árě nang gamňt. Si Nánay ay nŕpatawŕ lámang sa kanilŕ ng sábi, -at hindí sya naněniwálŕ sa manga bágay na iyňn. - -Nang makaraŕn ang ilŕ ng bwŕn ay iníwan námin ang Páho` at umwí kamě sa -báyan. Nang kamě ay dumatěng na doňn, marámi sa ila ng kasangkápan na -naíwan námin ay pinagnakŕw nang ila ng táo ng nangaíwan sa báyan. Ang -tablŕ na sahěg nang báhay nang áli ni Nánay ay walá na, at hindí nila -nŕláman kung síno ang kumúha. - -Hindí nalaúnan ang ámi ng pagdatěng sa báyan at nŕbalíta ng ang -manga sundálo ng Amerikáno ay malápit na sa báya-ng-San-Migčl. Kamě -ay hindí nabagábag sa balíta ng itň, at hinintŕy námin ang kanila -ng pagdatěng. Isŕ ng katanghalían ay matahímik ang báyan. Ang manga -sundálu ng nangása báyan ay nangagsialěs at ang ibŕ ng hindí umalěs -ay ipinagtapňn ang kanila ng manga barěl. Ang dahilŕn nang bágay na -iyňn ay ang pagpások nang manga sundálo ng Amerikáno. Sa dulúhan nang -bakúran nang báhay na ámi ng kinŕtirhŕn ay nŕkíta ko ang paglápit nang -manga sundálo. Ang salawŕl nilŕ ay káki at ang kamiséta asůl. Bitbět -nilŕ ang manga barěl at nakahiléra sila nang pagtakbň sa bukirěn at -patúngo silŕ sa daŕn. - -Nang ang manga Amerikáno y sya nŕ ng namŕmahála` sa báyan, may ila ng -bwŕ ng ang manga útos ay mahihigpět. Ang manga ílaw ay ipinapápatay -sa alasčs nang gabě, at wala ng táo ng pinahěhintulúta ng maglakŕd -pagkaraŕn nang óras na itň. Sa manga bundňk na malápit sa San-Migčl -ay marámi ng manga sundálo ng Tagálog at madalŕs nila ng sinalakáyan -ang báya-ng-San-Migčl. Dáhil sa manga pagsalákay na itň, ang manga -báhay sa San-Migčl ay pinagsunňg nang manga Amerikáno. Kung gabi-gabě -ang pagsalákay nang manga sundálo, gabi-gabě rěn namŕn ang ginawŕ -ng panunúnog nang manga báhay. Ang ámi ng manga kápit-báhay ay -nagsěsilípat sa ámin gabi-gabě úpang doňn makitúlog, sapagkŕt sa ámi -ng báhay ay hindí lubhŕ ng malakě ang pangánib sa manga bála nang -nagsěsipaglabanŕn. Ang manggagamňt nang manga sundálo ng Amerikáno -na násŕsa báya-ng-San-Migčl ay nagěng kaybígan nang áki ng tátay, -at dáhil díto y náligtas sa súnog ang ámi ng těráhan. Mínsan ay -sinábi nang manggagámot na itň kay Tátay na madalŕs sya ng sumáma -sa manga patrúlya at sinŕsábi nya ríto na hwag sunúgin ang ámi ng -báhay. Sa kalaúnan, nang hindí mapaalěs nang manga sundálo ng Tagálog -ang manga Amerikáno sa báyan, ay hinintuŕn na nilŕ ang pananalákay, -at ang báya y tumahímik nŕ. - - - - - - - - - -TRANSLATION - - -1. THE FOOLISH MONKEY AND THE CLEVER TURTLE. - -Once upon a time, when the turtle was swimming in the river, he -saw a banana-tree adrift and being carried along by the current. He -dragged it to the beach, but was not able to carry it up to the solid -ground. Therefore he called his friend, the monkey, and offered him -a half of the banana-tree, if he would plant his part for him. The -monkey agreed, and they divided the banana-tree at the middle, -half-way from either end. The monkey took the half which had leaves, -because he thought it would grow better than the half which had none. - -When a few days had passed, the monkey's tree died, while that of the -turtle grew until it bore fruit. The bananas grew ripe, but the turtle -could not climb for them. Therefore he called his friend, the monkey, -and offered him some of the fruits of the banana, if he would climb -the tree. The monkey climbed up and ate for all he was worth. - -Said the turtle: "Throw me some." - -But the monkey answered: "Though sweet the skins, I'd throw you none." - -The turtle got angry and scattered spines round the foot of the -tree. When the monkey jumped down, he landed on the spines. He -suspected the turtle and looked for him, in order to punish him. He -found the turtle behind a stump. - -Said he to the turtle: "I am going to punish you. Choose between the -two: shall I bray you in a mortar or drown you in the river?" - -The clever turtle began to shout and begged the monkey, if it were -possible, to bray him in a mortar. - -But the monkey answered: "I shall give you the punishment you don't -want." - -And he threw the turtle into the river. - -When the turtle arrived in the water, he set up a shout and said to -the monkey: "Thank you, friend! This is my home." - - - -Note. p. 16, l. 2 ang pagňng hábang nalělígo` is unusual and no -doubt traditional for hábang ang pagňng ay nalělígo`. Similarly, -p. 16, l. 18 Balat mŕn at malinamnŕm ... is traditional (proverbial) -for modern Káhit na malinamnŕm ang manga balŕt. - - - - - -2. THE RACE OF THE DEER AND THE SNAIL. - -A deer, grazing in the jungle, came upon a snail that was creeping -over the leaf of a bamboo-plant. The deer ceased from his grazing -and watched the slow creeping of the snail. - -When a few moments had passed, he said to the snail: "How slowly you -walk! Why don't you learn to walk faster? Look at me,--I am often -pursued by dogs, but my swift running is what saves my life. But -look at you,--if you should be pursued by any foe, what will ever -save your life? Surely you will get killed." - -When the snail had heard these words, he looked at the deer and scanned -his fine physique, his long legs, and his strong muscles. He wished -that he too might be like the deer, so that he could run fast. However, -he thought that if he forced himself to run, he should not remain -far behind the deer. - -Accordingly he answered the deer: "You are overweening. You do not -suspect what can be done by one who has a strong will. I challenge -you to race with me from here to the river that lies west of here." - -The deer laughed loudly and answered the snail: "How can you think -you will defeat me? I suppose you are going to cheat." - -The snail answered that he was not going to cheat, and, so that -there might be someone to watch them and be judge over their race, -he suggested that they call one of their friends to be judge. - -The deer agreed, and they called an owl to be judge. - -When they began to run, the snail was soon left far behind. On his -course the deer came upon a flourishing grass-field. He stopped to -graze, since his start over the snail was so great. He planned that -when he saw the snail coming, he would start running again. However, -when he had done feeding, he was attacked by laziness. He went to -sleep, with the thought that he would wake up before the snail arrived. - -However, while he was asleep, the snail passed by. When he awoke, -it was already late in the afternoon. He ran with all his might to -the river, and there he was met by the snail and their judge, the owl. - -"You are defeated," said their judge at once. - - - - - -3. A GOOD FRIDAY. - -Juan and his friend Pedro were canoeing on the river toward the town -Baliwag. In their canoe they had an image of Christ which they were -conveying to a priest to be used in the celebration of a Good Friday -Mass. Juan was filled with terror. - -Said he to Pedro: "This man of ours in the canoe is all chopped up -with wounds and no longer breathing. I think this man is a corpse. I -am afraid we shall be suspected by the priest to whom we are delivering -him." - -Pedro answered: "We shall tell him that when this man was loaded into -our canoe, he was already in this condition. We have many witnesses, -so don't be afraid." - -When they reached the priest they gave him the image. The priest -told them to come to church the next day in the afternoon to hear -the sermon. - -Juan was again filled with terror, for he could not make out why the -priest wanted them to go to the church. He had often heard of men being -summoned to the church and there seized by the gendarmes. However, he -did not say anything to Pedro, for he saw that the latter had no fear. - -On the next day in the afternoon they went to church, and there they -saw a Christ nailed to the cross. - -Said Juan: "That man, if you remember, is the one we delivered to -the priest. We had better go to some place out of sight of the priest." - -So the two of them went under the pulpit, to hear the sermon from -there. The Good Friday Mass began, and the priest was already getting -to the last part of his sermon. - -In his sermon the priest said: "Repent ye of your sins, cruel -people! Behold the wounds which you struck in the body of our Savior!" - -When Juan heard this, he was again filled with terror, for he thought -that he had fallen under suspicion. - -Therefore, what he did was to come out from under the pulpit, face -the priest, and say: "Father, we are not the ones who wounded this -man! When he was loaded into our canoe he was already wounded." - -When he had said this, he went back under the pulpit. The priest paid -no attention to the speech he had heard, and went on with his sermon. - -"The day has come now, when ye sinners must repent. The portals -of Heaven are open now through the death of our Savior, and every -sinner can enter Heaven, if he repent. But if ye do not repent, ye -shall come to be punished with sufferings without end in the flames of -Hell for the sufferings which ye caused our Savior to undergo. Behold -His body sweating blood, His hands and feet nailed to the cross, and -His wounds from head to feet. No one other caused Him to suffer and -wounded His dear body, than you, ye sinners, and if ye do not repent, -ye shall fall into Hell." - -Juan could not remain in his place, for he thought that the priest -was overflowing with anger against him. - -So he again faced the priest and said, as loudly as he could: "Father, -only a moment ago I told you that I had no part in wounding this man, -so do not send me, sir, to Hell." - -The priest was filled with great anger and said to the congregation: -"What sort of people are you, foolish folk? Is there not one among -you who can take hold of this fellow and choke him?" - -When Juan heard this, he ran with all his might, trampling without -regard the people who were kneeling and weeping in repentance of -their sins. He was followed by Pedro, and the two ran together, -without stopping, until they reached their home town. And there they -told the story of their narrow escape. - - - - - -4. THE HUNCHBACK AND THE BLINDMAN. - -A hunchback and a blindman were close friends. When they walked, the -hunchback led the blindman; the blindman, on the other hand, carried -the hunchback on his shoulders, when they had a hard road to travel, -for the hunchback was weak of body. - -Once they came upon a cocoanut-tree. They wanted to pick some of the -fruits, but they did not know which of the two of them should be the -one to climb the tree. The blindman said that he should not be able -to climb, because he should not be able to see which fruits to pick, -since there were many unripe fruits. The hunchback also did not want -to climb, on account of his weakness. However, he was very eager to -eat of the cocoanuts, so, finally, he said to the blindman that he -would do the climbing. - -"To prevent your being robbed of the fruits which I shall throw down, -do you count out loud the thud on the ground of the fruits as I drop -them, so that I may keep track of the number." - -The hunchback began to climb, but when he was half-way up, he fell -down. - -"One!" said the blindman. - -The hunchback told him that it was he who had made the thud and not -a cocoanut. - -He climbed again. After a few moments he took another fall. - -"Two!" shouted the blindman. - -The hunchback got angry and told the blindman that he was stubborn. - -He said: "That first thing that made a thud was I, and the second -one was I again; I haven't yet picked any cocoanuts." - -But the blindman planned to make fun of the hunchback's falls. So he -decided that, when he again heard a thud, he would cry "Three!" - -The hunchback climbed again, but again fell. The blindman cried -"Three!" and laughed. - -The hunchback grew hot with anger. He went up to the blindman and -slapped him in the face. The slap hit the blindman's eyes, and through -it his eyes came open. To take revenge he kicked the hunchback. He -struck him on the back, and through this his hump was straightened out. - -They both rejoiced at what had happened, and their friendship grew -all the closer, instead of their becoming enemies. - - - - - -5. THE KING WHO HAD HORNS AND JUAN. - -On a group of islands there ruled a man who had two short horns hidden -in his thick hair. This was not known to his subjects, but the secret -began to spread among the people by way of the barbers who had cut -his hair. - -On account of this he conceived a great anger against barbers and -planned to exterminate the barbers in his kingdom. He ordered four -deep wells dug in front of his residence, and in the center between -the four pits he had a seat placed. One day he sat down on the chair -between the four pits, and asked everyone who passed whether he knew -how to cut hair. Whenever anyone said "Yes," he stopped him, gave -him a pair of shears, and had him cut his hair. After a little while -he asked each hair-cutter what he saw on his, the king's, head. The -hair-cutters all told the truth, and each one of them answered that -he saw horns. Every one who answered thus was pushed by the king into -one of the pits that were round him. - -A few days passed and two of the pits were already filled with barbers -and were ordered by the king to be filled up with earth. The passers-by -who knew how to cut hair grew scarce, and the king thought he had -already killed all the barbers in his kingdom. - -One day he waited on his seat until mid-day, before a man came by -who said he knew how to cut hair. - -The king asked him: "What is your name?" - -The man answered: "My name, sir, is Juan." - -"Cut my hair, Juan," commanded the king. - -Juan approached the king and began to cut his hair. - -After a short time the king asked: "What do you see on my head, Juan?" - -His reply was thus: "Your Majesty, I see on your head the crown." - -This made the king glad. Therefore he got up from his seat and led -Juan into his palace and made Juan barber royal. He gave Juan large -wages and had the remaining pits filled up. - - - - - -6. THREE STUDENTS. - -Juan, Pedro, and Andrés were three students from the same town who were -friends. When the opening of the schools came, they knew that they -would part: each one of them was to go to a different town. Before -they parted, they appointed a place where they would meet at the -beginning of the vacation. - -A year passed, the closing of the schools arrived, the students -returned to their home towns, and the three friends, Pedro, Juan, -and Andrés met in the town where Pedro had been brought up, to spend -the vacation there. - -When they came together, after discussing various matters, they -inquired how much each of them had learned in his study of the Spanish -language. Pedro said that he knew a great many Spanish words, but -that which he remembered best was the word "Vamos." - -Juan in turn answered: "I too know a great deal, but what I recall -just now is the word 'Matar.'" - -Andrés said that he had learned nothing except the word "Si." - -After their conversation Pedro suggested that they go boating on the -river and take a bath. - -When they were boating on the river, they saw on the bank a Spaniard -who wanted to bathe. Pedro said it would be a good idea to speak to -the Spaniard, so that each one of them might show his knowledge. - -Pedro began and said "Vamos!" - -Juan answered "Matar!" - -And last came Andrés with his "Si!" - -When the Spaniard heard this, he was filled with terror, for he thought -that the three canoers were going to kill him. Therefore, even though -he did not know how to swim, he jumped into the river and was drowned. - - - - - -7. A SOLDIER WHO KNEW LATIN. - -Three friends, a priest, a physician, and a soldier, went together to -shoot wild game in a deep jungle. As the jungle was far from the town, -they carried plenty of provisions, so as not to be in want of food. A -few days passed without their bagging anything. Their provisions grew -less and less, until there was nothing left except one raw egg. There -came to them the day of great hunger, but the three had no food except -the egg that was left. - -The priest said that, if they divided the one egg, it would do them -no good, for it would not slacken their hunger. Therefore the priest -suggested that only one of them should eat the remaining egg, and -in his selfishness he suggested that whichever of them was best at -speaking Latin should eat the egg all by himself. He thought that the -soldier did not know Latin, and the doctor alone would be his opponent, -and his knowledge he held in contempt. - -The doctor agreed to the advice of the priest, but the soldier did -not want to consent, for he had not studied like the priest and the -doctor, but there was nothing for him to do. - -The priest took the egg and tapped it against a stone. When the egg -was broken, he said: "Coronatum est," and looked at his two companions. - -The doctor took the broken egg, removed the broken part of the shell, -put on some salt, and said: "Saltum est." - -The physician handed the egg to the soldier, and the priest and he -waited for what the soldier would say. - -The latter did not know what to say, for he really did not know a -single iota of Latin. In his cogitation he remembered that once, -when he went to church to hear the Good Friday Mass, he heard from -the priest that the meaning of the words "Consummatum est" was "It -is all over now." So he poured the egg into his mouth and, when he -had swallowed it, he said: "Consummatum est." - -His two companions were greatly astonished at the learning of the -soldier, which they had by no means suspected. - - - - - -8. THE SEVEN DWARVES. - -A certain married couple had seven children who were dwarves. The -father was out of work and could not find any. The mother also was -not earning any money, for her body was weak and often sick. - -One noon they were sitting on a bench and discussing the life they -were leading. The man asked what they had better do with their many -children. The woman suggested that they should look for work for their -children, so that they might earn money. But the man answered that, -in his opinion, they would not be able to find any work, since he -himself had not been able to find any. Therefore he suggested that -they had better abandon their children. - -This made the woman grieve and weep. She would not consent to abandon -the children. But her husband made it clear to her that, if they did -not do this, they would all die of hunger. Finally the woman consented -and they agreed that they would take their children for a walk and -leave them on the way. - -While they were discussing this, the seventh child was in a crack -of the bench on which they were sitting and heard what their parents -were going to do to them. After they had finished talking, the child -at once looked for his brothers and sisters and told them what he -had heard. They all wept, because their parents had not told them -that they were a burden to their life. They thought that, if they had -known this, they would have done anything whatever to help them gain -a living. However, they agreed that they would go along, if they were -asked to go walking, and would allow themselves to be led astray. - -On the next day their father came to them, told them to get dressed, -gave them some cakes, and told them that they should all go for a -walk. When they started out, the seventh child did not eat his bread, -but, starting at their gate, he crumbled it and scattered it along -the road which they were walking. When they had gone some distance, -he ran out of bread and asked his brothers and sisters for some. But -they did not give him any. He did not tell them why he had run out -of bread so soon. When he could get no bread, he picked up stones -and these he dropped one by one on their path. - -When they came to a jungle, their parents left them, telling them -to wait for them there and that they would soon come back. Their -parents left them, but they knew that their parents would not come -back to them. - -When a short time had passed, they heard a noise. They went toward the -place from which the noise came. There they saw a great giant bathing -by the side of a well. They looked round about the place, and by the -side of a tree they saw the clothes of the giant. The seventh child -sent his brothers and sisters away and told them to hide, and he would -steal the giant's shoes. They did this and the child stole the shoes. - -When the giant had finished bathing and was getting dressed, he -could not find his shoes. He got angry and cursed. He called for -help. When the one who had stolen the shoes heard this, he quickly -approached. When the giant saw him, he did not suspect him, for, -on account of his smallness, the giant thought that he would not be -able to carry the shoes. - -Therefore the giant said to him: "If you will carry this bag of money -of mine to my wife and tell her to buy some shoes and to bring them -to me, I shall pay you much money." - -He said further that he could not walk without shoes, and therefore -he should hurry. Taking the bag of money, the child promised to -return at once. However, when he had gone some distance, he called -his hidden brothers and sisters, and when they were assembled, he -suggested that they go home. But his brothers and sisters answered -that they did not know the way home. He however answered that they -should follow the stones and bread he had dropped on the way. - -One of his brothers said that, if he had known what he had done with -the bread, he would have given him some when he asked for it. They -were sorry for the stinginess they had shown toward their brother. - -It was not long before they came upon the trail of stones along their -way. This they followed and arrived at their house, bringing with -them the bag of money, which they at once gave to their parents. The -latter rejoiced and were sorry for their bad conduct toward their -children,--they rejoiced because they had now the means of living -for a long time to come. - - - - - -9. A POLICEMAN WHO PLAYED VAMPIRE. - -In the summer of the year 1902, when the ripe fruits of the fruit-trees -were hanging from the branches, there circulated all through the town -of San Antonio the rumor that a vampire was going about the town. - -The people of San Antonio in those years believed in ghosts, vampires, -dwarves, and other objects of terror. Most of them had not been -fortunate enough to get an education, but, in spite of this, they -were kindly, quiet, and industrious people. - -The houses in this town were built of nipa-fibre and bamboo. There -were also some frame houses. Most of them stood in large enclosures, -and the rear part of these yards was planted with trees that have -tasty fruits, such as the custard-apple, grape-fruit, santol, mabolo, -mango, and the like. - -These fruits were just getting ripe, when the rumor spread that, -for several nights back, some women had caught sight of the vampire -in various back yards. The women and children were filled with great -terror; accordingly, as soon as darkness came down, they staid still in -their houses. Most of the men also were afraid, but there were some who -said that they were not afraid, because they had not yet come across a -vampire and therefore did not know whether it was really to be feared. - -A vampire is a being of great power. It changes its body into -various forms. At some times it has a body like a human being, -but black, at others it is a large dog or pig. It eats people, -especially children. But its favorite food, by far, and that which -it most commonly eats, is the child yet unborn and still in its -mother's womb. Therefore the pregnant women in the town had great -fear. They did not allow their husbands to sleep, for watching at -their side. A vampire is hard to kill with knife or gun, because it -has but one place which one must hit or wound in order to kill it, -and this place is secret. The only thing it flees from is garlic, -which therefore is much used in driving off vampires. - -A surprising thing, however, about this vampire was its habit of -keeping itself in back yards. Strange was also the fact that it was -mostly young girls who said that they had caught sight of this vampire -in back yards, up in grape-fruit trees and other trees. A few bold men -said that they suspected that this spook was a thief and no vampire. - -It was a certain policeman of more than usual courage who spied upon -this vampire in a back yard in which it had recently been seen. When -darkness came, he went to his hiding-place. It was not long before -the vampire came and climbed on a grape-fruit tree, and he heard it -picking many fruits. It came down and went away, but was followed by -the policeman to a house which it entered. - -Great was the surprise of the policeman, when he saw here his fellow -policeman wrapped up in a black sheet and just putting down on the -floor a black bag full of grape-fruit. - -He summoned his fellow policeman to the town hall and there on the -next day accused him before the judge. The policeman who had played -vampire was put in jail for the crime of theft. - - - - - -10. A VAMPIRE THAT GOT KILLED. - -One evening in a students' boarding-house in the town of Malolos I -heard an old man, ninety years of age, tell a company the following -story: - -When he was still a young unmarried man, he lived in the country. There -were only a very few neighbors. One day there was a death in the -house of a neighbor. Following an ancient custom, he went to the -house of mourning. - -When he arrived there it was not long before he was told that there -was a vampire in the place. He had a great and inherited hatred of -vampires and therefore decided to watch that night. - -Late in the evening he left the house and in a wagon not far from -the house, there he lay down. There was a full moon that night, so -that he had a clear view of things round about. As he saw nothing -that could be suspected of being a vampire, he went to sleep. - -At midnight he woke up, and the first thing that struck his eyes -was a black object on the roof of the house where there had been a -death. This black thing had not been there before he went to sleep, so -he suspected that this was the vampire he had been told about. Vampires -eat dead people, so he concluded that the dead person was the thing -for which the vampire had come there. - -Carrying a bolo-knife, he went up to the house. The people were -asleep. Up above he saw something hanging down from the roof of -the house. It was like the intestine of a chicken. It got longer -and longer, until the end of it went into the mouth of the dead -person. The corpse stood up from the place where it lay, when this -thing went into its mouth. - -What the young man did was to walk up to the upright corpse and, with -the bolo he was carrying, cut the thing that was like the intestine -of a chicken. When he had cut this, something came down with a thud at -the side of the house. He went down, and there he saw the dead vampire. - - - - - -11. SORCERERS. - -In some places in the Philippines the people have a firm belief in -sorcerers. According to their belief a sorcerer is a person of great -power, and this power comes from a demon or else is inherited from -one's parents. Before one may gain this power one must first become -friends with a demon and serve it. However, there are some also who -believe that one may find or snatch up this power in a jungle or some -uncanny place that is hard to reach and usually full of terror. - -The kulam is that seized, inherited, or given by the demon, and it is -the source of the possessor's power. The appearance of the kulam is -not always the same. Sometimes it is a stone or a small doll of ugly -appearance. In the dark this kulam glows like a firefly, but this -glow disappears when the kulam desires it. The kulam and the person, -man or woman, who possesses it, do not separate even for a moment, -and even when bathing the sorcerer carries his kulam. Therefore, -curious people, when they wish to find out whether a person whom they -suspect is really a sorcerer or not, watch him at his bath. If the -sorcerer is not careful and has no suspicion that he is being watched, -the watcher sometimes succeeds in seeing the kulam. - -The sorcerer has also the power of concealing the kulam inside his -body, and the people are not rare who have seen a sorcerer at his -death. At the last moment, before breathing ceases, he spits out -the kulam. - -This happens only when the sorcerer does not wish to bequeath his -kulam. If, however, he wishes to bequeath it, then, long before the -sorcerer dies, he calls the person to whom he wishes to bequeath it -and in all secrecy gives him the kulam. - -The great power of the sorcerer is used by him against his enemies, -against people who have incurred his anger; or against their live -stock, in case he wishes to make this latter the object of his -vengeance. He also uses his power in playing jokes on a person or -animal that has gained his liking. - -His victim usually acts like crazy. Sometimes the person he has -bewitched complains that his whole body is sore, keeps shouting, and -cannot keep quiet even for a moment. In the case of animals,--usually -the pig most valued by the owner,--the punishment he gives is like -the disease of cholera, but more severe than this. The bowel-movement -of the animal does not stop, and after a few hours, no matter how -fat the animal, it becomes skin and bone. The bewitched person eats -mightily, like two men, and keeps asking for tasty food. Therefore -people believe that the sorcerer who is punishing him shares in the -eating of the sick person. - -The sorcerer has the power of entering the body of the person -bewitched. This is the belief, but in what way the sorcerer effects -his entrance or at what point he enters the body of the person he -is bewitching, there is no one who knows. However the place where he -comes out is the forefinger. This fact is of great importance for the -cure of people who have been bewitched and also for the punishment -of sorcerers. - -Although the power of the sorcerer is great, yet there are some -things which he fears, usually strong people who are bold and have no -faith in the powers of sorcerers and other things that terrify other -people. Therefore it is not rare that, after the first or second time -he cures a person of this disease, some man receives the title of -"witch-doctor." - -I once heard someone who had seen the cure of a bewitched person tell -the story. The narrator had a neighbor who had a young daughter. This -young lady had many suitors, and one of them was suspected of being -a sorcerer. He had the bad fortune to be one of those who were not -accepted. In his great anger he bewitched, one after the other, -the betrothed man and woman. - -He began with the woman, and her parents at once called in a -witch-doctor for her. When the doctor arrived and saw the patient, -he said that the woman was really bewitched. - -He told the people who were there not to let the bewitched person know -that he was in the house. If the patient knew this, the sorcerer who -was inside her body would have a chance to go away at once. The doctor -went up to the woman without her being aware of it and suddenly seized -her two forefingers in a tight grip. She shouted all the louder and -trembled like one in terror. - -The sorcerer, according to people's belief, feels any pain that is -given to the body of the person he is bewitching while he is within -the latter's body. Likewise, when one speaks with the patient, it is -he who answers. - -Therefore the doctor suddenly asked: "What are you doing here, -you brute?" - -The patient did not utter a word, but tried to get free. The strength -she displayed was not the usual strength of a woman. - -But the doctor did not let her go, and asked her again: "What are -you doing here? Why have you come here? If you do not answer, I shall -torture you." - -The woman answered in a pitiful tone: "No, sir, I shan't do it again; -let me go, sir; you are torturing me already." - -"Shall I let you go?" asked the doctor at once. "Promise me first -that you won't come back." - -"No, I shan't come back, sir," answered the woman. - -"If I catch you here again, I shall kill you. Don't be -troublesome. Stay still in your house." - -"Yes, sir; yes, sir; I shan't come back, sir. Please, let me go!" - -While this dialogue was taking place, the woman was struggling to get -loose and trying to make the doctor let go of her forefingers. When -the woman had made her promise, the doctor let go of her two -forefingers. The face of the woman, which just before had been -expressing great suffering, now became quiet, and she was like a -madwoman who has got back her reason. She became quiet, stopped -shouting, and was able to converse intelligently. - -The man lived in a near-by town. When he was bewitched his brother -called a physician for him. In his extreme anger, this brother called -a physician who was fierce and cruel in his treatment of sorcerers. - -The physician came secretly to the sick man's house. From his -hiding-place he first determined at what time the sorcerer was in the -body of the sick man. This showed itself in the shouting, movements, -and senseless talking of the patient. The physician sharpened a -bolo-knife and, when he had done this, quickly ran to the side of the -patient. He then seized the latter's two forefingers, leaned over his -body, and cut several deep gashes in his face. The patient screamed -and tried to get away, but when he did get away there were wounds in -his face and the blood was flowing in a stream. The physician left -him without a word. He sought out the brother of the wounded man and -told him not to heed his brother's wounds, for tomorrow they would -go away and be transferred to the sorcerer, for it was the latter -whom he had reached in the body of his brother. On the next day the -doctor went to the man whom he had cured with the knife and was much -pleased when he found him well and without the marks of wounds in his -face. A few days later they heard that a sorcerer in the neighboring -town was in a serious condition, owing to the unceasing flow of blood -from some wounds in his face. - -There are also, however, some sorcerers who are quick and have not -been caught by physicians. The physician, too, must be skilful and -quick. Anyone at all can cure a person who has been bewitched, since -there is no other method of cure than that of inflicting pain on the -body of the bewitched person. The danger, however, is great, since, -if the one who is attempting the cure is not quick, owing to lack of -practice, the sorcerer will be able to get away. In this event it is -the bewitched person himself who will suffer from the punishment. It -is related that there once happened something like this which follows. - -One of two brothers was bewitched by his rival in courtship. There -was no witch-doctor within call. In his great pity for him, the older -brother decided to cure him, even though he had had no practice. He -was not practised, to be sure, but he had often heard from physicians -the manner of cure. One evening, when he thought that the sorcerer was -inside his brother's body, he quickly seized a bolo, and, stepping up -to his brother, cut him without care. On the next day, instead of his -finding his brother well and unwounded, the latter was a corpse. The -sorcerer had got away. - - - - - -12. THE GAME OF FOOTBALL IN THE PHILIPPINES. - -The games of football in the United States and in the Philippines are -very different. Instead of the players belonging to two contending -sides, as in American football, in "sipa" the players form but one -party. In sipa the aim of the players is not to defeat an opponent, -but to prevent the ball or sipa from falling to the ground. The ball -used is also very different. It is made of split rattan woven into the -shape of a sphere. The inside is hollow and the eyes of the weave are -large. Therefore the sipa, unlike the ball used in baseball, is light. - -The number of players is from two to twenty. When they are many, -they stand in a circle. To begin the game, one of the party throws -the sipa ball up into the air and toward one of the players, usually -toward one opposite him. The one to whom the ball is tossed returns it -to the one who threw it to him, not with his hand, but with his foot. - -When the players are skilful, they direct the ball to each one -of the party, so that each one of them is alert and ready for the -coming of the ball. Each one is careful not to let the ball fall to -the ground. Often the players display various manners of sending -the ball. The graceful bendings of the legs forward and backward, -the quick and light leaps, the gentle and light kicking of the ball, -and the sending of the ball in every possible direction, are features -which give beauty to the game of sipa. Sometimes the shoulder, the -elbow, the knee, or the hand is used in returning the ball. - -How is there any contest in this game? This can consist only in the -test of endurance in keeping the ball from falling to the ground. - -When, for instance, one team of football-players or siperos wants -to contend with another team, the former challenges whatever team -it has picked out. If the challenge is accepted, the day, hour, -and place of the game are at once announced in the newspapers. - -At the time of the game thousands of people look on. The challenging -party usually hires a band of musicians, and each team is played for -during its innings. Usually there are two bands, for, if the challenged -party has any pride, it wants to show it and so brings its own band. - -After the game the judge announces to the spectators which team has -won. When the announcement of the judge has been heard, there begins at -once the yelling and the honoring of the victorious team. The winning -team and their friends and followers, accompanied by the music of their -band, at once begin to parade through the places near to the field -of the game. On the next day the whole story appears in the newspapers. - -Such games of sipa as these are not common in the little towns in -the provinces, but only in the large cities, such as Manila. - - - - - -13. THE PRIEST PATUPAT. - -In the last years of the Spanish time there dwelt in the town of -San Miguel a certain man. This man was educated and was intelligent -enough to understand the evil ways of the priests, who were really -little kings in their towns. - -In San Miguel the priest who had the parish was a violent and -hot-headed man. The people called him "Patupat." - -One Sunday the man above mentioned went to church to hear the sermon -of the priest. As this priest thought that the people to whom he was -preaching were uneducated people, he took no pains to speak Tagalog -correctly. His speech had neither beginning nor end and was mixed up -like rice-pudding. Moreover, what he preached about was never other -than Hell, Purgatory, what brutes the people of the town were, and -the End of the World. - -When the sermon began, our friend Francisco entered the church. - -As usual, the priest began his sermon with this utterance: "Brezren -and faylow-Christiannes!" Although he had been for almost forty years -now in the Tagalog country, he had not yet learned to say correctly -"Brethren and fellow-Christians." - -Francisco stood in a place near the pulpit and listened carefully -to the sermon, which on that day contained nothing except what had -already been a thousand times repeated by the priest, namely about -the sufferings in Hell and Purgatory, the offering of candles and the -giving of money to the church in order to escape from these sufferings. - -Francisco was filled with great anger, for he saw that the priest -was fooling his people and had no other aim than to frighten the -townspeople so that they should enrich the church and priests. - -After the sermon Kiko did not go home as usual, but waited until mass -was over. After mass he staid in the church until he was alone. He -took some pieces of paper and wrote to the priest as follows: - -"Father, I heard your sermon this morning. It is apparent to me that -you believe that there is a Hell and that there is a Purgatory. I do -not believe in these things. Next Sunday, if you wish, you may prove to -the people in your sermon that there is a Hell and a Purgatory. When -you are done, I shall try to prove to them that there is no Hell and -no Purgatory. If the people believe you, I do not mind if you have -me hanged for my defeat and my unbelief, but, if I am the victor, -all I ask of you is to allow me to say to the people at large that -there is neither a Hell nor a Purgatory." - -Several copies of this letter he pasted to the walls of the church, -and one he sent to the priest. - -When Patupat read it, his blood boiled and his anger knew no bounds. He -had the gendarmes called, and on the evening of that very Sunday he -had all the houses in the town entered and searched, so as to catch -Kiko. But they did not catch Kiko. That same afternoon Kiko told -some of his intimate friends what he had done, and they were all -astonished. They asked him why he had done this thing and whether he -could not see what would happen to him. - -One of them spoke thus: "Pack up some clothes and go away right now, if -you don't want to be caught by Patupat's soldiers and shot tomorrow." - -Kiko refused to follow his advice, because he thought that Patupat -would accept his challenge about showing the people that there was -neither a Hell nor a Purgatory and that these things were merely a -device of the priests for getting money. Therefore he allowed himself -to be overtaken by night in the house of a friend of his. - -Not until it was dark and the town was upset with the searchings -of the gendarmes did he recognize the great danger which he was -incurring. Since he had heard of this at once, he had time to hide -in a secret corner of his friend's house. - -When the house-searchings were over, he went out from his hiding place, -went home, wrapped up some clothes, had a wagon hitched up, and, -taking some rifle-bullets, shouldered his gun, got into the wagon, -and had himself driven out of town. After a few days he went to the -mountains together with several townsmen who could not stay in the -town because they had incurred the anger of the priest or of some -other Spanish official of the town. - -There, in his stay in the mountains, he was overtaken by the revolution -against the Spaniards in the year 1886. - - - - - -14. MARIANO AND THE PRIEST PATUPAT. - -Mariano was one of the very few apothecaries in the town of San -Miguel. He was one of the people who fell into misfortune through -disobeying the orders of the priest Patupat. He had a family; beside -his wife he had two children, one two years old and one new-born. - -One day his servant fell sick. He had a brother-in-law who was a -doctor, so he had him treat the servant without charge, and he gave -the servant medicine without charge. After some days the servant got -well and decided to rest for a while in the country. Accordingly -he paid his debt and took his leave of Mariano for a stay in the -country. His stay in the country did not last long, before he fell -sick anew, and the end was his death. - -In the Philippines in those days it was not allowable to bury a dead -person without first having him blessed by a priest. The priests did -not allow this, but they did not much mind the living together of a man -and woman not married, for the reason that they did this themselves. - -The deceased servant of Mariano was very poor and his relatives -also were poor and had not the means to pay the price demanded by -Patupat. Thus there was no one to see to the burial of the servant's -body. - -When Patupat learned this, he had Mariano called and said that -it was his place to have the dead man buried and to pay the -costs. In Mariano's opinion Patupat's insolence was getting beyond -bounds. Therefore he said that he would not pay him for the burying -of the dead man, no matter what happened. - -Patupat boiled with rage. He had the dead man buried and on the -same day went to court and sued Mariano for the cost of blessing the -dead man. - -When the session of the court came, Mariano was present, and when the -judge asked what he had to say to this accusation, he spoke as follows: - -"Your Honor, this man who died was no longer in my care, for he was -no longer my servant when he died. When he was still sick, I had him -treated without charge and gave him medicine without charge. I have -done my duty to my fellow-man and the duty placed upon me by the -Lord. One of the duties of the priests is to provide burial for the -dead. Now this man is dead, why cannot this priest do his duty without -receiving pay, since even this would not happen, if the relatives of -the deceased had means?" - -After asking some further questions of the priest and of Mariano, -the judge closed the hearing and announced that Mariano was in the -right and that the priest would have to put up with having blessed -the dead man without payment. - -When this had happened Patupat's wrath against Mariano greatly -increased, and after a few days he again entered a charge against -Mariano. This time he made a different accusation. He complained to -the court that Mariano was a Mason, because he did not come to church, -did not confess, and did not kiss the priest's hand. The Masons are -enemies of the Catholic Church and, in consequence, were enemies also -of the government in the Philippines in those days; and therefore he -suggested that Mariano be deported. - -When Mariano heard of this accusation of Patupat, he decided that -his only hope was to hide or to escape from those who were to arrest -him. Accordingly what he did was to go down to Manila, and there -he hid. - -But even there he was caught by the gendarmes. Together with seven -or eight men from various towns he was put into a steamboat and they -were taken to the southern part of the Philippine Islands. And when -they arrived there some of their number were shot by the soldiers -who accompanied them, for this was ordered by the officials who sent -these men into banishment. - -However, Mariano was not one of those who were shot. He staid there -until, after the victory of the Americans, he was given the liberty -of returning to his family. When he came back to the latter, his one -child was seven years old and the second, five. - - - - - -15. THE STORY OF THE CHINESE CARPENTER. - -Juan was a carpenter who had for neighbor a Chinaman who also was a -carpenter. This Chinaman was a skilled carpenter and his cleverness -showed itself in his skilful use of the plane. One day he bought a -piece of wood forty feet in length. This he proceeded to smoothe. He -tried to see if he could obtain shavings without a break for the -whole length of the wood. What with the excellence of his tools and -his skill at carpentry, this feat went off as if there was nothing -to it. Every time he pushed his plane he obtained a shaving without -a break, forty feet in length. In order to show this his skill to -his neighbor, the Tagalog carpenter, he sent him one shaving every day. - -The Tagalog carpenter, Juan, marvelled at the skill of the Chinaman. In -order to make return for the shavings he had received, he too tried -to use the plane and to send the shavings to the Chinaman. However, -the longest shavings he succeeded in getting were only fifteen -feet. These it would have been humiliating to send to the Chinaman. - -Juan was skilled in the use of the daras, and he was able to smoothe -boards by the use of the daras alone. Any piece of wood which he had -chopped smooth with the daras did not require the use of the plane; -but the pieces he chopped off were only short splinters, not suited -to show his skill, and he could not send them to the Chinaman. - -While Juan did not know what to do, the Chinaman did not stop sending -long shavings. Juan was filled with anger. He took his daras and went -over to the Chinaman's. The latter was surprised and frightened when -he saw Juan. - -The latter said: "What do you mean to say by sending me those -shavings? You are offensive to me and you shall pay for it. I am -going to cut your hair with this daras." - -The Chinaman was frightened, for he knew that if that daras struck -his head, he would surely not survive. He tried to escape, but Juan -seized him, tied him to a bench, and began to use the daras on the -Chinaman's head. - -The daras is a large tool, the size of a pick, and heavy, but in Juan's -skilful hand it was like a mere pair of scissors. The descent of the -daras on the Chinaman's head was very gentle, and only the hair was -cut by the edge. - -The Chinaman in his fright shouted and said: "Wapelo! Come helpee me, -Juan bad man, not Chlistian!" - -This was heard by the neighbors and passers-by. - -Accordingly they came into the Chinaman's workshop, but there Juan -said to them: "Don't you mix in here! I am not hurting this Chinaman. I -am just cutting his hair." - -And he kept on with his chopping. - -When the Chinaman's hair was completely cut, the onlookers were greatly -astonished, for the Chinaman's hair was as if cut by the shears of a -skilful barber. The Chinaman too, when he saw in the looking-glass -that his head was unhurt, was greatly astonished and did not stop -praising Juan's skill in the use of the daras. - - - - - -16. A MAN WHO HAD THE POWER OF A DEER. - -In a certain town in the Philippine Islands there once became -celebrated the name of a certain man, both among his fellow-townsmen -and the people of the neighboring towns, on account of his unusual -strength in running and jumping. - -He was not a proud man, but he had some astuteness in money matters -and also some courage. He did not let his rare good fortune make him -proud, nor did he lie about the source of his unusual strength. He -told those who were curious that the source of his strength was the -power of the deer which he had made his own. - -He did not tell how this power had come into his possession, but he -was not stingy about doing favors by helping with his strength both -friends and strangers. - -Like most people, he wanted to get rich, and it was toward this end -that he used his strength. He often entered into races, and these -races were always means of winning much money. He always made large -bets. He refused no one that wanted to race with him. Sometimes he -ran races with people, sometimes with horses, with dogs, and with -other animals that are fast at running. - -After a few days the money he had won in bets made up a large sum. His -friends also, who had bet on him, got much money. When people came -to know that he had the power of a deer, they did not want to run -against him. Therefore, so as not to stop winning and making money, -he gave large handicaps to his opponents. The handicaps which he gave -were so great that many people contended with him. Still he always -came out the winner. In jumping-matches also he was always victorious. - -However, though the advantages which he gained through this power -were great, yet there were also some disadvantages which he obtained -through it. On account of these disadvantages he did not manage to -keep this power as his own through all his life. Through this power -he had become very nervous. The sounds of falling bodies, noises, -and the barking of dogs at night, did not allow him to sleep. These -noises often made him start up with a jump from his sleep. Especially -when the barking of a dog, for instance, woke him up, he jumped high -up from his bed, and before he recovered his wits he was running at -full speed. He could exercise no care about his involuntary jumping -up and usually went way up to the ceiling, and, since this was low, -his body got full of bruises and his head full of bumps from striking -against the ceiling. Likewise in his unintentional running whenever -he woke up with a start, his whole body got knocked again and again -against the walls of his house. - -This was hard to bear, and he thought that he should not live long, -what with not sleeping of nights. Therefore he decided to get rid of -this power in a few days. When the seventh day of his possession of the -power came, he was very sore and thought he should die of soreness. His -head was covered with bumps. His face was full of black and blue marks, -and though he had broken no bones, his muscles were badly bruised. - -Therefore, without saying a word, he went to a forest and there -abandoned the power which he had got hold of, seeing that he had -already won much money. - - - - - -17. THE PET MONKEY. - -Andrés had a pet monkey which he prized very highly, because this -monkey gave him much service. At night the monkey spread out his -sleeping-mat for him; in the morning it handed him his water for -washing, and whatever order he gave was obeyed by the monkey. - -Every night this monkey slept underneath the bedstead on which -its master slept. This was not pleasing to the latter, for owing -to its great value, Andrés wanted to give it a good place to sleep -in. However, no matter what efforts Andrés made to force it, his pet -monkey could not be brought to sleep in any other place. - -Andrés was a man who feared and loved God. Therefore, every night, -before he went to sleep, he made the Sign of the Cross and called -upon God. At his bed-time every night he found that his monkey was -already under his bedstead. Not once did he get ahead of the monkey -in going to bed. - -One day the priest of the town visited Andrés in his house. After some -time had elapsed in conversation, Andrés told the priest that he had -a pet monkey which was very useful, because it served him well and -obeyed his every command, and he also said that this monkey was more -diligent than his other servants. - -The priest was much surprised and asked that the monkey be shown to -him. So Andrés called the monkey. Usually the monkey came at once at -a single call by Andrés, but on this occasion it did not appear even -when he had called ten times. Andrés got angry, arose, and looked -for the monkey in the nooks and corners of the house. - -He found it in a corner, clinging tightly to a post. He called it and -tried to get it out of the corner, but the monkey would not come away, -no matter what Andrés did to it. Therefore he called the priest to -look at his pet monkey there in the corner. - -At the approach of the priest the monkey trembled with fear. The priest -conceived the suspicion that this monkey was an evil spirit. So he -made the Sign of the Cross, and blessing a little water, sprinkled -it over the monkey. - -When the water struck the latter's body, there was a report like that -of a gun, and in the place of the monkey they saw only some smoke, -which soon disappeared. - -Thereupon the priest questioned Andrés concerning his faith in -God. Andrés said that his firm faith had not changed and that he -prayed every night before going to sleep. The priest then asked where -the monkey used to sleep. Andrés answered that it slept every night -under his bedstead. - -Thereupon the priest informed him that this monkey was an evil spirit -which had been lying in wait for him, and that if he had ever failed -to call upon God before he went to sleep, on that very night the evil -spirit would have thrown him into Hell. - - - - - -18. THE OLD MAN OF THE ANT-HILL BY LIGHT OF DAY. - -Pedro was a brave man. He had often heard stories about vampires, -dwarves, sorcerers, and old men of the ant-hill, but what made Pedro -wonder was why he had never chanced to meet even a single one of -these creatures. He wanted to get a sight of at least one of them, -so that he might know whether it was true that they had powers not -common to most persons. - -One night he walked about in a dark and haunted place, because he -had heard that many people had there seen an old man of the ant-hill. - -The cigar of such an old man is of terrifying size, and when he draws -at it, the light given forth is like the light of a bonfire. - -On this night he had gone some distance on his ramble, when he saw a -flare of light. His hair stood on end and he thought of going back, -but he overcame his fear and continued on his walk. - -He was met by the smoker. When he approached, Pedro examined the old -man's figure, but as he did not succeed in gratifying his curiosity, -he was taken with the desire of seeing the old man by daylight. To -bring this about, he would have to hold the old man fast, for these -spirits return to their abode in Hell or some other place of the kind -as soon as morning comes. - -Therefore what he did was suddenly to seize hold of the old man. The -latter began to wrestle with him. Sometimes Pedro was below, sometimes -he was on top, but he did not let go of the old man. He held him as -tightly as possible and made up his mind that he would follow no matter -where the old man bore him, should the latter prove stronger than he. - -They wrestled till three o'clock. By this time Pedro was as tired -as can be and ready to sink to the ground, but he did not let go of -his fellow-wrestler. When four o'clock came his opponent ceased to -move. When another half hour had passed, the rays of the sun began -to fall upon them, but it was not yet light enough for Pedro to make -out what sort of thing it was he had hold of. When five o'clock came, -he was greatly surprised to see that he was embracing a post which -was not much higher than he. It was, however, firmly fixed in the -ground and completely charred. - - - - - -19. JUAN'S GOBLIN. - -One night Juan while rambling about, crossed a river. While he -was still on the bank and just walking on the sandy beach, he felt -some sand being showered on his back. He thought he would watch for -the person who was throwing sand on him and catch him, so, while -walking, he kept turning suddenly right about at short intervals, -but he saw nothing. - -This frightened him a little, and he began to wonder if he was -not perhaps dealing with some old man of the ant-hill or some -goblin. Therefore he hastened his running, but the faster he went, -the more frequent grew the striking of sand on his back. His fear -increased and he returned home running with all his might. - -When he got there he was out of breath and unable to speak. It was -only when he had rested a while that he was able to answer the many -questions of his father and the other members of the household. He -told his father that he had been pursued by dwarves on his walk and -showered with sand. - -His father asked him where the scene of this was, and he said on the -bank of the river. His father burst into peals of laughter and said -that these were no dwarves, but only his own feet, which sent the -sand up on his back at every stride he made. - -But Juan refused to believe this, and for several days he did not -leave the house. His father therefore wanted to show him the truth -of what he had said, so one night he told Juan to go for a walk to -that same place, and he would accompany him. - -Juan consented and they both went to the river-bank. When they got -there, Juan's father dropped behind. When Juan walked on the sandy -beach and felt the sprinkling of sand on his back, he was again filled -with terror and shouted to his father that they were already starting -to throw sand on his back. - -He made Juan come back and walk on again. This time he followed at his -back. Accordingly Juan's father saw that every time Juan took a step, -the sandals he was wearing carried along some sand, and when he raised -his foot the sand thus carried along was sprinkled on his back. - -His father now had him take off the sandals he was wearing and made -him walk on again. This time, no matter how much ground Juan walked -over, he felt no scattering of sand on his back. - -From this time on he had no more fear of old men, dwarves, vampires, -and other spooks. - - - - - -20. JUAN THE SUITOR. - -Young Maria was famed for beauty in her district. She had no suitors, -however, except only Juan. But Maria's father had a great dislike -for Juan. Juan could converse with the girl he was courting only in -secret, for when Maria's father knew of it, he would punish them both -with his stick. - -Sometimes, when the father's anger was great, he used a club on Juan, -so that he was in danger of getting his bones broken whenever they -were caught talking together. - -One dark night Maria's father had gone out. When Juan found this out, -he went to Maria's to talk with her. They forgot themselves in their -conversation, and so were surprised by Maria's father on his return. - -He was at once filled with anger and in a loud voice addressed Juan: -"What do you want, you brute? I've told you not to set foot in my -house here. What do you mean by coming here?" - -And when he had said this he seized a bamboo cane and made ready to -give Juan a caning. In his terror the latter jumped out of the window, -but he was followed by the father. So he took to running with all -his might. - -The night was dark as coal and he could not make out which way to go, -but he kept running nevertheless. He fell on his face again and again -as he ran, but he got up quickly and kept on running. - -It was not long before he came upon a large black object. He recognized -it as a carabao, so he leaped quickly on its back and made it run. - -Riding on a carabao is not very difficult, owing to the breadth of -its back and the slowness of its pace. Therefore, even though he had -no reins, Juan was not afraid to ride. Owing to the darkness of the -night it happened that in his mounting he faced the tail-end of the -carabao and not the head. - -He urged on the carabao. Now it happened that this carabao was owned -by Maria's father. It was not long before Juan saw a lighted house -in the direction toward which the carabao was going. He confidently -expected that this house was his neighbor's. Therefore he got down -from the carabao and went up into the house on the run. - -Great was his surprise and terror when, upon entering, he was met by -Maria's father and beaten all over his body and addressed: "What have -you come back for? Haven't I got rid of you yet, you shameless rascal?" - -When Juan came to himself he jumped from the porch and ran toward home, -but this time he did not ride on anything. - - - - - -21. MARIA THE MISER. - -When Maria was still alive, she lived in her pleasant house in the -middle of wide grounds with beautiful gardens and trees. As she was -very rich, her life was one constant pleasure. - -She had not reached the age of forty years, when she died. All -her wealth she divided between her sister and the church. She did -not remember the poor acquaintances and those of her neighbors who -were poor. - -The sister who was left had a series of masses said during the seven -days after death, so that Maria's soul might be admitted by Saint -Peter at the gates of heaven. - -When her sister Maria was still alive, she was known far and wide for -her avarice. She herself rarely had masses said or made offerings of -candles. When beggars asking for alms called on her, she had them -driven away and gave them no alms. Often also she had them chased -with dogs. She forced her peons to work without pay, and when she -gave them rations it was without meat or vegetables,--only boiled -rice with salt. To propitiate her, her peons, whenever they went home, -brought chickens, eggs, young pigs, and vegetables or fruits to give -to Maria. They did not make these presents for love of Maria, but as -a kind of bribe, so that they might not be too harshly treated during -their stay in her house. But when Maria went to the country to her -workmen, she appropriated without saying a word and without paying -for it, everything she saw in their house that took her fancy. When, -for instance, she saw at her workmen's a new basket, tray, sieve, -sack, mat, pot, cup, dipper, brazier, or other household utensil, -she took it and carried it off to her house. When she could not make -use of the things she had taken, she sold them. She acted in the same -way about animals that belonged to her servants. In this way she had -quickly grown rich. - -When she had been dead about three days, her sister was at her house, -spending the period of mourning. One evening, when she was walking in -the garden she came to the side of a well that was in the yard. She was -surprised, for from the depth of the well she heard someone calling -her name. She turned her head toward the well and there she again -clearly heard the calling, although she could see nobody whatever. - -The voice said: "My sister, I am Maria. I am paying now for my life -of avarice, selfishness and cruelty. I am here in the Lord's place of -punishment for all sinners. If it may be, do not follow my example, -but seek some means to save me from the boiling oil here which is -now my place of dwelling." - -Her sister was much grieved then and went at once to the priest -to ask to what means she could resort to rescue her sister from -Hell. The priest advised her to go to a certain town where there was a -wonder-working image of Saint Peter. This image of Saint Peter talked -with people and advised various means of getting into Heaven. This -was its miracle. - -Maria's sister went immediately to the town where stood the miraculous -Saint Peter. When she got there and talked with Saint Peter, she -told him the whole story. She said that her sister had told her that -her avarice, selfishness, and cruelty had caused her to be thrown -into Hell. - -"In that case," said Saint Peter, "find you but one single person, -animal, or plant that was the object of an act of kindness on the part -of your sister. When you have managed to find it, come back to me, -and I shall give you a means to rescue your sister from damnation." - -Maria's sister went home to their town at once and there she inquired -of all the townspeople which of them owed any debt of gratitude to -her sister, or which of them had been well treated or kindly spoken -to by her. But not one of them was able to answer. The animals also -of the neighbors and on Maria's own grounds were interrogated by her, -but here she found none that had been done a kindness by her sister. - -One dog, a creature of skin and bones, said to her: "One afternoon -I was very hungry. I found a bone in her yard. I seized it and was -carrying it off, when she saw me. She had me chased at once, and when -I dropped the bone she had it buried in the ground. Was that an act -of kindness?" - -The grief of Maria's sister became much greater, and her hope of -rescuing her sister from damnation was gradually failing. She began to -question the plants in her sister's yard. She took one by one all the -gourds, pumpkins, cucumbers, chile peppers, melons, sincamas, peanuts, -egg-plants, cow-peas, and onions and garlic, and other vegetables. She -did not find among them that which she sought. She also went through -the trees. She made inquiry, one after the other, of the chico, anona, -custard-apple, mabolo, grape-fruit, orange, lime, and casoy trees. But -here too her labor gave no result; only the group of the garden-plants -she had not yet questioned, and if here she did not find what she -sought, there would be nothing for her to do about the punishment -her sister was undergoing. She went to them all, but there were not -any who could say that they had received any kindness from Maria. - -At the very last the sister went to the side of the well, and there -she questioned all the blades of grass. When night came there was only -one head of grass which she had not yet questioned. Full of fear and -hope she approached it. - -She asked the head of grass which grew by the side of the well: -"When my sister was alive, did she ever do you an act of kindness?" - -"Oh, your sister?" answered the grass, "Yes, it was she who gave me new -life. Last summer my blades were all withered and I was near to dying, -but your sister bathed one evening by the side of this well. As she -bathed, some water was sprinkled on me, so that I grew again and my -withered blades became fresh once more." - -Maria's sister could not contain the joy which arose in her, and -that very night she returned to Saint Peter. Saint Peter gave her -a rosary and told her to go home and to hang this rosary down into -the well. She was to call Maria and let her take hold of the rosary; -by this means her sister could be rescued from damnation. - -She went home at once, and hardly was the sun shining, when she came -to the yard of the deceased Maria. She approached the well, let down -the rosary, and called her sister. Maria emerged from under the water -and took hold of the rosary. Her sister began to pull at the rosary -and she was slowly lifted up. - -As she was thus being rescued, some other souls too wanted to escape -from Hell. So they all took hold of Maria's feet, when they saw that -she was being rescued from damnation. But when only Maria's feet were -still under water, she shook her two feet, so that the souls who had -hold of her should have to let go. - -When she did this the rosary broke and she at once fell into the well, -and from that time on her sister was never again able to communicate -with her. - -The sister went back to Saint Peter and told him what had happened, -but Saint Peter said that there was no longer anything that they -could do to save her sister from Hell. - - - - - -22. THREE SOULS WHO CALLED UPON SAINT PETER. - -Juan was a gay bachelor. But when he reached the age of twenty-two -he fell very sick and it was not long before he died. His soul went -to Heaven and knocked at its gate. - -Saint Peter answered his knock and asked: "Who are you? What brings -you here?" - -Juan's soul answered: "I am Juan's soul. Open the door, for I want -to come in." - -The door-keeper opened the gate, but before he allowed Juan's soul to -enter, he questioned him as follows: "Why have you come here? What -acts of piety have you performed on earth that you think you are -entitled to the joys of Heaven? Have you left a wife behind you?" - -Juan's soul said: "When I was still on earth I often went to church, -prayed, and gave alms, but I did not have the good fortune to get -married." - -The door-keeper answered: "You are not fit to partake of the joys -of Heaven." - -And when he had said this he closed the door. Juan's soul was not -able to enter Heaven. - -When Juan had gone away, another soul arrived. - -"Who are you? And why do you wish to come into Heaven? Did you get -married when you were still on earth?" asked the door-keeper. - -The soul answered: "I am the soul of Andrés. I took a wife when I -was yet on earth. Open the gate for I want to come in." - -At once Saint Peter opened the gate of Heaven, and when he saw the -soul of Andrés he said: "Oh, pitiable soul! For such as you the joys -of Heaven are reserved and fitting. Enter!" - -The soul of Andrés was overjoyed and entered the abode of bliss. - -When the door was closed there was another knock. - -"Who are you?" the keeper asked again. - -"I am the soul of Mariano," answered the one who had knocked. - -"Why have you come here? Why do you think that you deserve to partake -of Heaven? Did you get married when you were still on earth?" - -To these questions the soul of Mariano answered: "When I was still -on earth I often had masses said. Half of my wealth I gave to the -Church for the saying of masses and the ringing of bells. The candles -I offered up could not be drawn by three carabao, and as to getting -married," continued the soul, "I was married twice. I became a widower -and married again." - -"I am very sorry that I am not able to let you in. There is no place -for madmen like you in the Kingdom of Heaven." - -And he closed the door. - - - - - -23. JUAN THE CANOER. - -One day a Spaniard was having Juan ferry him across the river -in his canoe. The Spaniard, Juan's fare, was able to speak -Tagalog. Accordingly, while they were still far from shore, he began -a conversation with Juan. - -This Spaniard was a learned man, no doubt a famous scholar in Spain, -and this showed itself in his discourse to Juan regarding geography, -arithmetic, and various languages of Europe. - -When his discourse was ended, he asked Juan: "Have you studied -geography?" - -"No, sir," answered Juan,--and in truth, Juan had no education, -for he had grown up in poverty, so that his life at all times was -nothing but ceaseless work. - -The Spaniard was astonished at Juan's answer and said at once: "I -am sorry, friend, that you do not know geography, for in consequence -half your life, as it were, is lost." - -Juan did not utter a word, and kept on paddling. - -It was not long before the Spaniard again asked: "Have you studied -arithmetic?" - -"No, sir," answered Juan. - -"If that is the case, friend, a fourth of your life is lost to you, -as it were." - -Juan became a little frightened, for he could not make out what the -Spaniard was trying to say. - -He said to himself: "You poor fellow, Juan, only a fourth of your -life is left now." - -When their canoe had got to a deep part of the river, and while -the Spaniard was reflecting upon the great ignorance of the working -people in the Philippines, Juan asked his passenger this question: -"Do you know how to swim, sir?" - -"No," answered the Spaniard at once. - -"In that case," answered Juan, "you have lost your whole life, not -only as it were, but you have lost it in all truth." - -And while he spoke these words he tipped over the canoe they were -riding in. Juan swam to the shore, but the Spaniard was carried away -by the stream. - - - - - -24. KINDNESS TO ANIMALS. - -One dark night Juan was walking in some forests far from any towns. He -was on his way to his home town. Before he could arrive there, he had -to pass through some uncanny places. One night, when he was walking -in such a place, he was suddenly startled by the arrival of a black -cat which purred and scratched at his leg. What he did was to kick -the cat with all his might, and it was tossed a good distance. He -kept on walking, but it was not long before the cat came back to -him. His anger greatly increased, and he kicked the cat again. He -thought that this cat was the plaything of some goblin or vampire. He -kept on walking. It was not long before the black cat again came back -to him. This time, instead of kicking the cat, he took hold of it, -lifted it up on his arm, stroked it and patted it, and said to it: -"Good little cat, what do you want? Are you going to come along with -me on my journey?" and he continued walking. - -After a while he was attacked by sleepiness. He saw a house by -the way, but the people in his town believed that this house was -enchanted. However, Juan had no other place to sleep, so he entered -the house to sleep there. - -He fell sound asleep, but at midnight he was awakened by the pattering -of rats. He set about kicking and striking at the rats to kill them -or drive them away. But the rats became more and more numerous until -the room became full and they bit him and gnawed at him. - -It was then that Juan took his black cat and told it to kill the -rats. The cat miewed and began to chase the rats. Great fear seized -the rats, and those that were not killed by the cat ran to their -holes. When Juan saw that there were no rats left except only a single -pair, he stopped the cat. He caught the two rats and petted them and -decided to take them along on his journey, just like the cat. - -On the next day he continued his journey. He was overtaken by night -in a place where there were no houses, so he walked on toward a house -owned by a certain old man. Now it happened that this old man was an -enchanter. He took Juan in and gave him an alcove to sleep in. Juan -went to sleep without suspecting anything. - -However, when he woke up on the next day, he was surprised and -frightened when he saw that he was locked up in a box without any -opening. He kicked at the walls of the box, but was not able to do -anything: he could not open it. Great was his despair, and he did not -know what to do, when he remembered that he had a cat and two rats with -him in his prison. He took the two rats, petted them, and told them to -make a hole in the box in which they were confined. The rats began to -gnaw at the boards, and gradually they succeeded in making a hole in -the thick board, until it was pierced through. When they had pierced -it, they returned to Juan, and Juan had them again pierce the wall -of the prison. When they had made holes again and again, they finally -succeeded in making a large opening, and Juan was able to escape. - -Juan looked for the old man, but did not find him anywhere. So he -continued on his way home, and when he arrived there, he told of -the great service which had been done him by his three friends, -a cat and two rats. - - - - - -25. JUAN THE SCULPTOR. - -I once read, in a Spanish novel entitled La tumba de hierro, the -following story: - -Juan was a child of five years, the son of a workman of the wealthy -Andrés. Juan was dumb from birth, but not deaf. Moreover, his dumbness -was not complete, for often he was able to cry out, though his voice -was not like that of a normal child. - -One evening Andrés visited the house of his workman, Juan's father, -and on this visit he brought along his daughter, who also was five -years old. In spite of his dumbness, Juan made friends with his -master's child, and the two played together while their fathers were -discussing matters of farming. He showed Maria (this was the name of -his playmate) his toys, which he had made by his own hand and skill. - -His toys were all kinds of faces of people which he had made, and -they were made of clay. There were also many whole figures of people -in all kinds of positions. Some were planting, some were dancing, -some were lying down, and there were also some wrestling, running, -and in many other positions. He also had animals; some were made of -clay and others were made of wood. - -The two children became good friends and were engrossed in play. When -their fathers had finished their conversation, Andrés called Maria -to go home, but Maria first asked her father to come to where Juan's -toys were, so that he might see them. When Andrés beheld the toys, he -was astonished at the great ability shown by the one who had shaped -these manikins. Andrés told Juan's father that Juan was gifted and -ought to be sent to school. But Juan's father answered that he had -no money with which to let Juan study. - -"In that case," said Andrés, "I will pay the teacher. Tomorrow Maria's -teacher is coming to our house. I shall have him go on here to you, -to begin the teaching of Juan and the opening up of his mind." - -Juan's father thanked him profusely, and they parted. Juan was very -sorry when his playmate left. - -From that day on Maria's father often sent for Juan that he might -play with Maria there in his house. - -One afternoon when the two were playing in the garden in the wide -grounds of Andrés, a butterfly came flying past the two children. They -ran after it. Maria ran ahead and Juan followed. As they were running, -Maria fell into a shallow pool which Andrés used as a fishpond. Juan -gave a loud cry, and, as he cried out, a muscle in his throat broke -and his mouth bled. He paid no attention to this and jumped into the -pool to save Maria from drowning. As the pool was shallow, the two -children did not drown, only Maria was filled with great fear, which -caused her to faint while still in the water. So what Juan did was to -take hold of Maria by her back and lift her up, so that she should -not swallow any water,--he himself meanwhile being immersed. They -were in this position when a servant of Andrés came upon them and -rescued them from the pool. - -Great was the surprise of Andrés and great was the joy which came -to Juan's father, when they heard Juan talk and tell them what had -happened. What with Juan's talking, his progress in his studies became -much greater and his friendship with Maria grew much stronger. - -There came the day when his teacher said that he ought to go to another -town to continue his studies, for he could teach him nothing more. He -told this also to Andrés. Andrés sent Juan to a school for sculptors, -and there he studied for about six years. - -Juan and Maria grew up and their friendship turned into love. Every -vacation Juan went home to their house on Andrés' estate, and there -he passed the days at Maria's side. - -There came a day for the exhibition of the sculptures of the artists, -and Juan had planned a design which he was going to carry out for that -day. The victor among the contestants was to be given a prize that -was to be accompanied by much money, in addition to a celebration in -honor of the winner. For about a year Juan worked at his composition. - -The day for presenting the statues arrived. Juan, his father, Andrés, -and Maria went to the building where the statues were. Many people -were there, but they were all crowding round Juan's statue. Andrés -did not know what to say in his admiration. The hour came when the -judges announced who was the winner, and Juan's statue was that named -as having won the prize. - -It was a group with a standing woman. Her left hand held a torch and -her right a crown of leaves. At the right of the woman and under the -crown of olive a youth was kneeling on his right foot. In his left -hand he was holding a book, and in his right a hammer. At their feet -lay scattered various implements of a student. - -On the way home the two lovers revealed their secret to their -parents. Juan's father was merely grieved, for he knew that the -marriage of the two was not possible, for their position was like -that of a slave or thrall and a lord or king. When Andrés learned of -the matter, he was filled with great anger. He had Juan called to him -and scolded him. He told him he was shameless and did not know how to -appreciate favors,--did not know how to repay the man who had given him -his education, and told him that he could not marry Maria. Accordingly -Juan at once went away without anyone's knowing his destination. - -Five or six years passed, and Juan at his sculpture did not forget -Maria. - -Maria passed these six years in her house. She was sunk at all times -in a deep grief, and it was always Juan of whom she was thinking. Maria -fell seriously ill and was near to death. - -Her physician advised Andrés that, if he wanted to save his daughter, -he would have to follow her desire regarding marriage to Juan. But -when Andrés consented, it was already too late. Maria's sickness went -from bad to worse, and he did not even know where Juan was. He sent -many messengers to the large towns to look for Juan, but even when -many days had passed, not one of them had succeeded in finding Juan. - -At last one of them came upon him in the town of Kamalig in his -workshop. When he was told that he was being sent for by Andrés that -he and Maria might be married, his joy was very great. But he was also -much afraid that he might not find his loved one alive. He went home -with all possible speed, and when he arrived at the house of Andrés, -he found there the body of Maria, mere bone and skin, stretched out -on her couch. That very moment Andrés sent for a priest, and Juan and -Maria were married. While the marriage-ceremony was being performed -by the priest, Maria's breath ceased. When they were married, Juan -had but time to kiss his wife before her breath left her, her face -glad and her mouth smiling. - - - - - -26. MARQUITA. - -Marquita was a good and beautiful young woman, but poor. She was -betrothed to a man who also was poor, but had a position with the -Government in Manila and received good pay. - -Marquita had a rich neighbor. His house was of wood, with an iron -roof, and his estate was large. This neighbor had a great liking for -Marquita, but we cannot say whether his love was true, for he had a -screw loose. He paid every attention to Marquita, but Marquita was -not a girl of fickle heart and paid no heed to all his attentions. - -So great was the desire of this suitor to win Marquita that he -decided to employ force. One afternoon he went into the yard of -Marquita's family and hid in a banana-tree. It happened that on this -afternoon Marquita's yard was dirty. Accordingly she went and swept the -yard. When she came near the banana-tree in which the man was hiding, -he suddenly dropped down, seized her by the hand and kissed her. - -As you know, among reputable people in our country a single kiss is -a great stain on a girl's honor. Therefore, when Marquita came into -the house weeping and her parents found out that she had been roughly -handled or kissed by this man, they decided that there was no other way -of covering up this disgrace than marrying their daughter Marquita to -this man. No matter how much Marquita objected, and although they knew -that she had a sweetheart, they nevertheless prepared for the marriage. - -Marquita was a daughter very obedient to her parents, so she could -not actually disobey them now. All she did was to write her betrothed -what had happened and what was going to happen and to tell him that -her coming marriage was only an act of obedience to her parents, and -that she loved only him. To her parents Marquita said that they would -get no joy from her, for her marriage to the man whom she abhorred -would soon be the death of her. - -They were married. It was not long before Marquita was stricken with -fever. From the day of her marriage she was not able to eat anything, -and she shed tears day and night. The skilful physicians of the town, -all the wealth of her husband, and all the prayers of her parents, -failed to save her from death. Seven days after her wedding she -died. This caused much grief to her former betrothed and contributed -to his misfortune in his later life. - - - - - -27. THE IGNORANT PRIEST. - -To the town of Baliwag there was once assigned a priest who had no -education whatever. The people surmised that he was only a grass-cutter -in Spain, who had been cast hither by chance and assigned as priest -to their town so that he might have some income and so be saved from -dying of hunger. Every Sunday he said mass, but those who heard the -mass could hear nothing from him, except only the word "Mass, mass, -mass," and so on. He would walk round in front of the altar; at times -he faced the people, brought his hands together, and, while making -all these movements, he would keep saying his "Mass, mass, mass," -and so on. - -The people got angry and reported him to the archbishop. The answer -of the archbishop was that he would come some Sunday and hear the -mass to see if their accusation was really true. - -The archbishop arrived. The priest told him that he was not able to -perform mass, because the silly people all left the church as soon -as he began mass. - -"Tomorrow," he added, "you will see how they all run away as soon as -I give the blessing." - -The next day was Sunday and at his mass the archbishop was to be -present. He planned a way of saving himself. Accordingly, before -beginning the mass, he caused some oil to boil. While he was putting -on his vestments the people and the archbishop were seated in the -church. The archbishop was near the altar, and, while the priest -was putting on his vestments, the oil was boiling. When he had put -on his vestments, he poured the boiling oil into the vessel for holy -water. It was his custom to give the blessing before saying mass, so, -when he entered the church, he sprinkled the boiling oil on the people -instead of holy-water. The people, struck by the drops of hot oil, -all jumped up and ran with all their might out of the church. When the -archbishop saw this, he did not have the mass gone on with on that day, -for there was not a single one of the people left in the church. - -The archbishop said to the priest that he would not have to leave -the town and that hereafter he would not heed any accusation that -the people made. - - - - - -28. THE CONFESSIONAL. - -Father Mundo was the priest assigned for some years to the town of -Mariquina. He was a man who liked amusements. He was never deficient -in the fulfilment of his duties. Every day he said mass, and on Sunday -he said mass twice. Also, he christened children, said blessings over -the dead, carried the sacrament, heard confession, and gave holy -communion. He performed all his duties well, but the confessing he -overdid a little. From his point of view this was perhaps useful in -lessening the sins of those whom he confessed, but for some of the -latter it had its bad side. - -Once there was a young woman who was fond of going to church and to -confession. When this young woman reached the age of twenty years, -she abandoned the pious duty of going to confession, and also went -to church but rarely. Once when this woman was questioned, she spoke -as follows: - -"At first I really thought that Father Mundo was a saint, but now the -people realize that he is a horrid man. At flood-time, when the people -are all canoeing on the flood, he rides along in the women's canoe, -and not with the men. In the morning, after saying mass, he is seen -squatting in his courtyard with his vestments trailing on the ground, -petting fighting-cocks, in company with the other cock-fighters. - -"At first I often confessed to him, but there came a day when -the things he asked me in the confessional were nothing but -foolishness. Was it right for him to ask me how many suitors I had, -whom I liked, and where I met them? What I thought was that this priest -was extremely impudent. So I left him at once in the confessional, -and since that time I have not been going to confession." - - - - - -29. JUAN THE JOKER. - -Juan was a man given to doing nonsensical things, but he did not do -them intentionally to anger his fellow-men; it was merely his natural -habit, prompted by his character. - -Once he went to the festival of a certain town. He was carrying three -young pigs to sell in the town. When he got there, he saw many people -gathered in the courtyard of the church and listening to a speech -which the mayor of the town was delivering. The people stood in a dense -crowd, but he succeeded in getting close to the foot of the platform -on which the orator was standing. While he took part in the crowding, -the three pigs kept squealing. When he had arrived in front of the -mayor, he held his hand over their mouths to make them keep quiet, -but he did not succeed. The mayor took notice of the squealing of -the pigs and looked round to see who had brought the pigs there. - -When he saw Juan he addressed him as follows: "Juan! What do you mean -by making your pigs squeal here? Get out of here at once and never -again dare to set foot on the ground of Bustos!" - -Juan departed and went home to his town of San Ildefonso. A year -passed, and the festival in the town of Bustos came round again. Juan -wanted to go there, but he remembered that the mayor of that town had -threatened him that, if he were seen again on the ground of Bustos, -he would have him imprisoned and tortured. Juan thought of a way of -going there none the less. - -When the festival arrived, there was a high mass, which was attended by -thousands of people. Juan was one of these people, and he it was whom -all the people were watching, owing to the manner of his appearance -there in the church. It was not long before one of the people who -were watching him complained to the mayor, saying that Juan was in -the church mounted on a wagon drawn by carabao, and that the whole -thing, wagon, carabao, and Juan, was inside the church. Juan had not -got down from the wagon on which he was standing. - -The mayor went to the church to arrest Juan. When he got there he said: -"Juan! Follow me, I am going to imprison you. Didn't I tell you not -to set foot on the ground of Bustos?" - -But Juan answered: "Mr. Mayor! You certainly did tell me that. That -is why I cannot get out of my wagon. Do you see this earth, sir, with -which my wagon is loaded and on which I am standing? This is not the -ground of Bustos, sir, but earth of San Ildefonso. I got this earth -in my town." - -When Juan had said this, the mayor could not restrain his laughter -and only said to himself that he could do nothing to Juan, for the -latter was in the right. - - - - - -30. THE THREE THIEVES. - -Juan, Andrés, and Diego were three expert thieves. They were -very famous, and many people were trying to catch them, but their -cleverness at dodging and stealing kept them from being caught. The -three once made an appointment to meet at a certain quiet and secret -place to discuss their means of livelihood and new good methods of -thievery. Not one of them had an honest trade. This had been their -mode of life from childhood on, so they had become skilful and very -clever at this activity. - -When the day of their meeting came, they were there already at -dawn. Each one of them had much to tell, and, as they were all talking -at once, their stories were indistinguishable. - -Juan asked of Diego: "How skilled are you now at your work?" - -"In my opinion," answered Diego, "I am the most skilful of us three, -for I am able to steal the eggs a hen is brooding on without its -knowing it. And not only this," he continued, "I am able to rob wild -animals of their young without their noticing it." - -"Is that all your skill?" Andrés quickly interrupted, "I am able to -rob animals and men too. I have stolen all of people's jewelry that I -wanted to steal, whether the owner was asleep or up and about. Once -I stole a ring that the owner was sleeping on to keep it from being -stolen,--but I stole it without his noticing." - -"Is that all the skill you two have?" asked Juan. "The things you -do don't come halfway up to my skill at stealing. I can steal people -themselves, and not only their property." - -The two he was talking to were surprised, for they did not think -that a live man could be stolen without his knowing it, and, to test -Juan's ability, the two made a bet with Juan. They told him to steal -the priest of the town and to bring him to the place where they now -were. If he succeeded in doing this, Andrés and Diego would pay him -five hundred pesos. But if he could not do it, he was to pay Andrés -and Diego one hundred pesos. Juan agreed to this bet, and they parted. - -Juan went to the town and found out by inquiry where the priest -lived. When he had found this out, he figured out the plan he would -pursue in stealing the priest. He entered the priest's household as -a servant. During his stay as a servant he became acquainted with the -habits of the priest. One of his habits, from which he never deviated, -was praying a rosary before the image of a saint. The image was made of -wood, and it represented Saint John. The size of this image was equal -to that of a man. Juan had a carver make an image just like this one, -but with an opening, and hollow inside. This opening inside the body -of the image of the saint was such that a man could enter it. When -the image which Juan had had made was ready, he replaced with it the -image of Saint John which belonged to the priest. - -One afternoon before prayers he took a rice-sack and went into the -inside of the saint he had had made. When the priest had eaten supper -he went into the room in which he prayed, to say a rosary. When he -was halfway through his prayers, and just about as Juan was getting -tired of standing up, the latter spoke: "Cease your praying, Father -Lucas. I have been sent here to conduct you to Heaven." - -At first the priest was filled with fear, but then he thought that his -saint was doing a miracle and was really calling for him in order to -take him to Heaven. As he did not say anything, Juan again spoke as -follows: "Many are the works of piety which you have done. You have -been patient in living a lowly life, therefore all the joys of Heaven -have been reserved for you. Come with me, and I shall conduct you." - -The priest answered: "How shall I manage to come with you? I am old -and cannot walk from here on earth as far as Heaven." - -Juan answered: "Never you mind that, I have a bag here. Get into it -and I will carry you on my way to Heaven." - -When he had said this, he spread out the rice-sack. When the priest -had got into it, Juan tied the bag tightly. He got out from inside -the image and carried Father Lucas on his shoulder toward the house -where he had his appointment with his two friends. Father Lucas -really believed that he was going to Heaven, and so he staid still -in the sack. - -However, when Juan was wading through a shallow river, it occurred to -him that he was being fooled and that they were not going to Heaven -at all. - -Therefore he asked Juan: "What river is this, and why must we cross -a river on the way to Heaven?" - -Juan answered: "Shhh! Don't make any noise! This is the river Jordan." - -The priest desisted from speaking. Juan kept on walking. When he was -already going up into the house that was their place of meeting, -the priest was again surprised and again asked: "What stairway is -this? Is this the way the staircase of Heaven looks?" - -"I have told you already that you must not make any noise," answered -Juan, "This is the stairway that leads to Heaven." - -When they had come up into the house, they were met by Diego and -Andrés. Juan dropped his burden and said to them: "I have brought here -what you told me to steal. Have you brought the five hundred pesos?" - -The other two did not believe him at once. So what they did was to -make a hole in the bag and peep at the contents. In it they saw the -head of the priest with the tonsure. Accordingly they handed Juan -the five hundred pesos and they all quickly left the house. They -abandoned the priest, leaving him to get free as best he could. - - - - - -31. HOW MONKEYS ARE CAUGHT. - -In the jungle one not rarely meets with large herds of monkeys. When -the one who comes into their haunts is unarmed, there is danger of -their killing the man whom they overpower by their numbers. When angry, -they climb down from the trees and all bite at the man who is in their -power. Therefore a man who is going into jungles where there are many -monkeys will not neglect to carry a gun. When the monkeys hear the -noise of the gun, they are unafraid. Most of them do not run away, -but look at the place where the noise and smoke come from. Those -who are reached by a bullet try to ward it off with their hand, like -one who is warding off a mere throw. Therefore, when they are shot, -their palms too are pierced by the bullet. - -Not infrequently people catch live monkeys, so as to domesticate -them and sell them to the various foreigners who come to the -Philippines. The catching of live monkeys does not involve much labor, -for the method of catching them is simply to trick them. - -When one wants to catch monkeys, one usually cooks or has cooked -some sweetmeats, and into these one mixes or has mixed some -balasing. Balasing is the seed of a plant which intoxicates or puts -into a deep sleep the animals which eat it. It is used also in -catching fish in rivers. When these sweetmeats have been cooked, -the man carries them to where the herd of monkeys is. However, -if he should place it carefully on the ground, the monkeys would -not climb down to eat it. They suspect that these sweetmeats are -only a bait for them, that they may be caught or killed. Therefore -what the man does is to pretend that he is frightened and when he -sees the monkeys, he starts running, carrying on his head the tray -of drugged sweetmeats. While running he pretends to take a fall on -his face, so that the sweetmeats he is carrying on his head fall -down and are scattered over the ground. When this happens, he keeps -on running just the same, and hides somewhere or other to watch the -monkeys eat. When the monkeys see the man running away, and when he -is hidden, they climb down from the trees and all start grabbing the -sweetmeats. They all crowd on top of one another in their greed, and -the noise is very great, for each herd of monkeys is about five hundred -or a thousand strong. When they have eaten it is not long before they -are attacked by sleepiness. They get weak and cannot climb into the -trees. It is a laughable sight to see these monkeys, old and young, -squatting on the ground and nodding, everyone of them. The ones who -did not succeed in grabbing any sweetmeats climb up into the trees -and look down at their drunken companions. When the monkeys are in -this state, and not before, does the man who is hidden come up and -take the sleeping monkeys one by one. The effect of the drug is not -of long duration, and the monkeys get well after a few days. - -Another common way of catching monkeys is to use cocoanuts as bait. A -hole is made in an unopened cocoanut. The size of this hole is just -large enough for a monkey to put in his hand when it is not holding -anything. Inside the cocoanut-shell is placed a piece of the meat -of the cocoanut, and the whole thing is placed in a spot where there -are monkeys. Monkeys like cocoanut, and when they see it, they grasp -the meat that is inside the shell. But when they have hold of the -cocoanut-meat, they can no longer take their hand out through the -opening, but they will not let go of the cocoanut-meat. Consequently -they are as though in stocks, and when the man who is catching them -approaches, they cannot get away, for the cocoanuts are heavy and -sometimes are weighted in addition. So when the catcher comes up, -he is able without difficulty to capture the handcuffed monkeys, -grown or young. - - - - - -32. THE FESTIVAL OF SAINT JOHN. - -The twenty-fourth of June is the festival of Saint John, and it is -celebrated in the various towns of the province of Bulacán. In the -month of June there is usually rain and mud. The people believe that -Saint John is the saint who makes the rain fall, and therefore is fond -of water and mud. Hence the celebrations performed on his day are -very different from those performed on the days of other saints. In -the towns near the sea there are floods in the month of June and the -water comes up into the town. In the towns farther from the sea it is -also very rainy, and usually these floods and rains fall on the day of -Saint John. The people who take part in the celebration get themselves -drenched in the flood or in the rain. In the towns of Malolos and -Hagúnoy, when this holiday falls into a time of large flood, almost -all the people get into the water or else go canoeing. If there is no -flood, the people walk about in the rain. Many people from the country -and the suburbs go about collecting alms on this holiday. Most of them -are boys or young men; rarely are there any women. In separate groups -they go about collecting alms, and each group has with it a band that -plays on bamboo instruments. Those who do not play are supposed to -have the task of singing or dancing. All of them are almost without -clothing, like Igorots, but their whole body, from head to foot, -including even the eyes and ears, is caked over with mud. - -These groups go calling from house to house. They stop in front of a -house and there they play music or sing or dance. They usually sing -about the life of Saint John or of some other saint who was a friend of -his. While their music is playing, their order is in single file in a -circle, sometimes standing, sometimes squatting or kneeling. When there -is a singer or dancer, he is within the circle of musicians and there -performs his singing or dancing. After two or three pieces of music, -songs, or dances they stop and all go round asking alms of the people -who are watching them. If they receive no alms, they take mud from -their body and throw it at the stingy people. They spend the whole -day in such celebration. As these alms-gatherers are very numerous, -they help to make the town gay, even though it is very rainy. - -When there is canoeing it is not uncommon for people to get -drowned. Consequently this custom is gradually disappearing. Moreover, -in these days people are getting stingy and rarely give alms. Hence -the gatherers of alms on the festival of Saint John are gradually -disappearing. - - - - - -33. FAMILY CELEBRATIONS AFTER A DEATH. - -A family that has suffered a loss by death suffers not only in its -mind and soul, but also in its purse. This is on account of the great -expense borne by the bereaved ones in conforming with various customs. - -On the day when someone has died very many people call on his -family, and these visitors do not content themselves with condoling -with the dead person's family, but make a long stay in the house of -mourning. Consequently the bereaved family is compelled to serve food -to the visitors. Usually the dead person is not buried at once, but -is first placed in state for two or three days from the time when he -ceased to breathe. During these days people's visits stop neither by -day nor by night. Most of them are relatives and others are friends, -neighbors, and other acquaintances in town. If the deceased had -many friends or relatives in other towns, they too come to visit, -and they have to be given board and lodging by the dead person's -family. This is because in the small towns in the provinces there -are no hotels. In feeding all these guests they often use up half -a cow, several sheep and goats, and innumerable chickens. The chef -is usually hired, and the near relatives of the deceased help with -the cooking. For this reason in the house of death the place where -the deceased is lying in state is very quiet, and even when many -people are there, when they talk it is only in whispers. But in -the dining-room and kitchen the noise is extraordinary. Everyone -is giving orders to the servants, some are washing dishes or pots, -some are polishing knives and forks, some are serving at the table, -and so on. In the kitchen the sputtering of the frying-pans never -stops, and one can hear only the voices of the chef and his assistants. - -But in one chamber of the house stays the immediate family of the -deceased and is plunged in grief. They all cry as hard as they can -and from time to time blurt out questions as to what will happen to -them because of the departure of the one who has died. - -If the deceased is wealthy, a priest comes to get him and escorts -him to the church. Arriving at the church, the body is blessed by the -priest and after this the priest escorts it also to the cemetery. All -the visitors are present at the burial, and usually they ride in -carriages. These carriages are hired, except for a few which belong -to some of the visitors. - -When the dead has been buried the guests who come from other towns -go along back to the house of mourning. Most commonly they soon -depart, but sometimes they stay three days, to take part in the -Three Nights' Celebration. The Three Nights are celebrated in the -house of the deceased. At this time the relatives call and all pray -together. In this praying only the older people take part, and the -young men and young women tell each other riddles. These ceremonies -are performed during the Three Nights. On the last night there are -usually many people, and the entertaining is more elaborate than on -the two preceding nights. Many of those who come give presents to -the bereaved ones. Usually these are things to eat for the guests. - -In poor families these ceremonies are also performed, but the priest's -calling for and escorting the corpse does not take place. For the -blessing of the corpse one may pay the priest whatever one desires. The -cheapest thing is the blessing of the corpse at the door of the church -and placed on the ground. The next in order is the blessing of the -corpse also at the door of the church, but with the coffin placed -on an altar. The most expensive blessings are performed right by the -altar. The price of these is from one-hundred to five-hundred pesos. - - - - - -34. FLEEING FROM THE AMERICANS. - -The people of San Miguel were like herds of animals fleeing before the -whips of the herdsmen and the pursuit of savage dogs. They are very -fond of peace and quiet. Also they are very credulous toward hearsay, -and these circumstances are what did not allow most of them to stay -at ease in the town during the time of the revolutions against the -Spaniards and the Americans. It is also true, however, that many of -them ran away merely from fright or cowardice. - -When the revolution against the Spaniards of the year 1896 took place, -I was only four years old. According to what my mother has told me, -we went to Manila instead of going up into the mountains. I do not -remember much of what happened at that time, except the fact that -we went to the railroad station. When we arrived at Manila we were -not able to enter the city unless we had a permit from an official -of this city. - -The next thing which has become fixed in my memory is our stay in -Bigaá, in the house of an attorney, whose name was Don Nasario. We went -to this town to escape the fighting of the forces of the Katipunan -and the Spaniards in Manila. In Bigaá were Tagalog soldiers drilling -to take part in the fighting. - -A little later we went to the town of Bustos. This town also was at -that time in the hands of the Katipunan. This town is very pretty -because of the various aspect of the things one sees. The river is -very broad, the banks are wide, and on the banks are hills of stone -and sand. The friends with whom we stayed were kind people. They -often played with my sister and me, and the game was to make ducks -dive in the clear waters of the river. - -What took place in the fighting of those times I did not find out, -for I was still small and had not yet any understanding. - -When the flight from the Americans came, I was already a little older, -and I remember much of our flight to the mountains. When the Americans -had defeated the soldiers of Aguinaldo the people of San Miguel -were filled with terror. The report circulated in the town that the -Americans were wild people, cruel and fierce, and without respect for -anything. This no doubt was a rumor which the Spaniards caused to be -spread, and especially the Spanish priests in the Philippines. Owing -to people's fear of the Americans, almost all of us townspeople packed -up our belongings and went up into the mountains. We were living at -that time in the house of an aunt of my mother's, and there dwelt -with us also the family of my mother's oldest brother. I remember -that the packing and hauling of the goods of all of us who lived in -the house took more than ten days. The wagons laden with our goods -were despatched at night, so that the carabao that drew them should -not get exhausted in the heat of the sun. The wagons were filled up -to the top of the covering, and the carabao were much wearied by the -drawing of the heavy loads. When no belongings of ours were left, -we ourselves got into the wagon to be carried to the mountains. - -The place we went to was called Paang-Bundóc, half a day's walk from -Sibul Springs. The dwelling we came to there was a mere hut with a -roof of cugon-grass, and very small. The floor consisted of branches -of trees with the twigs cut off, but not smooth or even. It was very -small and was penetrated by wind and cold. Such was the place we lived -in for several months, instead of the frame house of my mother's aunt. - -There in Paang-Bundóc there came to us many fellow-townspeople who -were also fleeing, and the last comers reported that all the people -of the town were by now in the mountains, or at any rate gone, and -only the houses were left. - -After several months' stay at Paang-Bundóc we went from there to a -secret place. This place was a clearing in the jungle. Not one of -us was allowed to know the name of the place, and those who knew it -kept it very secret, so that our hiding-place should not be known by -any outsider. This was a way of escaping not only the enemy, but also -robbers and thieves. The house we lived in there was very large, a very -long building, all under one roof. The building was cut up into rooms -of equal size. The number of these was about eight. In each room one -family lived. Here too we were compelled to stay for several months. - -When the Americans were already near the town of San Miguel, it was -reported to us that these people were not as hearsay described them, so -that our fear of them gradually gave way. Accordingly we left our deep -concealment and went to Paho. This too is a place in the mountains, -but nearer to the town. There we were met by many fellow-townsmen -and people from various other places. Most of them were sick from -staying in the mountains. Here the medicines which Mother had taken up -into the mountains instead of leaving them in the town, were of great -use. These medicines belonged to Father; he had left them behind when -he was banished to Sulu by the Spanish priests. One morning someone -called at our house to buy some medicine. Mother went to the chest in -which the medicine lay. When it was opened, we saw a snake coiled up -and sleeping on the rice-hulls that covered the bottles. The people -who saw this rejoiced greatly, but Mother was only frightened. She -did not know the meaning of the snake. When the rejoicing was over, -Mother asked why they were all so glad. They answered that the -meaning of the snake was that the owner of the medicine was going -to get rich. Mother only laughed at what they said, for she did not -believe in these things. - -After a few months we left Paho and went home to our town. When we got -there, most of the few belongings we had left there had been stolen -by the few people who had been left in the town. The boards of the -flooring of the house of Mother's aunt were gone, and they did not -know who had taken them. - -Not long after our arrival in town it was reported that the American -soldiers were now near to the town of San Miguel. We were not made -uneasy by this news, and awaited their arrival. One noon the town was -quiet. The soldiers who were in the town went away and those who did -not go away threw away their guns. The reason for this was the entry -of the American soldiers. From the back yard of the house in which -we were living I saw the approach of the soldiers. Their trousers -were khaki and their shirts blue. They carried their guns and ran in -single file across the fields and came toward the road. - -When the Americans were in possession of the town, orders for some -months were strict. Lights were ordered extinguished at six o'clock -in the evening, and no one was allowed to walk about after this -hour. In the mountains near San Miguel were many Tagalog soldiers, -and they often attacked the town of San Miguel. On account of these -attacks the Americans set fire to houses in San Miguel. Night after -night when the soldiers attacked, the houses were regularly set fire -to. Our neighbors came to us every night to sleep with us, because in -our house the danger from the bullets of the contestants was not so -great. The doctor of the American soldiers who were in the town of -San Miguel had become a friend of my father's, and for this reason -our house escaped being burned. Once this doctor told Father that -he often accompanied the patrols and told them not to burn down our -house. Finally, as the Tagalog soldiers did not succeed in driving -the Americans out of the town, they stopped their attacks, and the -town became quiet. - - - - - - - - - -II. GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS. - - -Note.--The following grammatical analysis of Mr. Santiago's speech -can, of course, lay no claim to completeness: he surely uses some -constructions and very many forms which I have not heard or have -failed to note. Such fulness as will be found is due to Mr. Santiago's -intelligence and patience under questioning and in conversation. A -very few of the examples represent his form of sentences in MacKinlay's -Handbook. The full representation of derivatives of the root pútol cut -is due to Mr. Santiago's kindness in listing these forms, wherever they -seemed possible to his speech-feeling, in accordance with my list of -morphologic elements, and in then forming sentences to illustrate them. - -In the use of accent-marks and of the symbol y I have deviated from the -practice of the International Phonetic Association. Where roots did -not occur as independent words, I have prefixed a hyphen and given a -theoretical meaning. In the explanation of constructions I have allowed -myself the use of distorted English; although this time-honored device -does not really reproduce the foreign expression (substituting, as -it does, impossible constructions for natural ones), it does enable -the reader to follow the general trend of the foreign idiom. - - - - - -A. PHONETICS. - -1. Distinctive sounds. - -1. The distinctive sounds are the following: - - - Labial Dental Palatal Velar Laryngeal - - Stops: unvoiced p t k ` - Stops: voiced b d g - Spirants (unvoiced) s h - Nasals (voiced) m n ng - Trill (voiced) r - Lateral (voiced) l - - High vowels i(e,y) u(o,w) - Low vowel a - - -2. a is a low unrounded vowel, as in Standard English far, but more -tense and with the corners of the mouth (lips) slightly drawn back: -hŕlamanŕn garden. - -3. i and u, in what may be regarded as the normal form, are about -as high as the Standard (American) English vowels in pit and put, -but more tense; moreover, the lips are well drawn back for i and well -rounded for u: ínit heat, lutúin be cooked. - -4. In the final syllable of a phrase (or of a word spoken alone) -the tongue position of i and u is as a rule lowered, often all the -way to mid position; the tenseness and lip position are, however, -kept, so that the resulting sound often resembles French č and lower o. - -5. u is nearly always so lowered: bágo new, buhňk hair. It is not -lowered in pů` ten. - -6. i is not lowered before dentals: káhit though, ákin my, pígil -compulsion. It is usually kept high also before velars: sahěg flooring, -singsěng ring. Some words ending in velars more or less regularly -have the lowering: pútik, pútek mud; so especially some proper names: -Intsčk Chinese, Lóleng Lola. - -Even in other cases the higher variants of i are commoner than the -lower; hindě` not, kamě we, gabě night, mulě` again are commoner -than these words with e; a very few words, such as ulč` again have -oftener e than i; others, such as itčm black are fairly regular in -their variation. - -7. Within a closely unified phrase the lowering is as a rule omitted: -ulí sya again he (ulč`), Hintú na! Stop! (hintň`). In this regard the -habits are variable; the form chosen depends mostly on the speaker's -momentary attitude toward the closeness of joining of the words. - -A dissimilative factor also seems to be involved: a following i or -u favors the lowering: - -Natůtúlug ang áso. The dog is sleeping. - -Natůtúlog si Hwŕn. Juan is sleeping. - -8. o occurs in a number of words as the vowel in the last two -syllables: in all of them the intervening consonant is the glottal -stop: ó`o yes, do`ňn there; bo`ň` whole has occasionally bu`ň`. The -raised variant is not used within the phrase: Ó`o pň`. Yes, sir. Yes, -ma'am. do`ňn sya there he. - -e occurs in the same way in le`čg neck, beside li`ěg. - -9. In word-formation, when, by the addition of suffixes, the i or u is -no longer final, it is not lowered: lúto` cook, lutúin be cooked; itčm -black, itimŕn be made black. Occasionally, however, the lowered vowel -is retained: táo human being, ka-taó-han mankind, beside kataúhan, -tao-taó-han manikin, pupil of the eye, beside tautaúhan. - -The words with o`o (§ 8) keep the lowered vowel when uncontracted: -pina-ro`on-ŕn was gone to (do`ňn there); these words are also -reduplicated with o: kinŕ-dň-ro`on-ŕn is been in. - -10. e and o occur also in unassimilated loan-words: bčsbol baseball, -Silŕ y nag-bč-bčsbol, They are playing baseball, estudiyŕnte, -istudiyŕnte student, polěs, pulěs policeman, sipéro football player, -bangkéro canoer (both with Spanish suffix -éro added to Tagalog words: -sípa` football, bangkŕ` canoe). - -For e see also § 29. - -11. As the variation between i and e and between o and u is thus never -distinctive, there is no need of indicating it in transcription; I -have, however, used the characters e and o wherever I heard markedly -lowered variants. - -12. i and u occur also as non-syllabics; I use, respectively, the -characters y and w: yaňn that, gáya like, wíka` speech, word, táwag -call. In final position they are always lowered: thus in patŕy dead -person, ikŕw thou, y represents non-syllabic e, w non-syllabic o. - -13. In word-formation before suffixes vowels are in certain cases lost, -see Morphology: kánin be eaten, -káin eat with suffix -in. - -14. The laryngeal (glottal) stop occurs as a distinctive sound only -after a vowel at the end of words: báta` child, boy, girl, hindě` -not, hintň` stop. - -As a non-distinctive sound it is used as a vowel-separator wherever -syllabic vowels follow each other without an intervening distinctive -non-syllabic. In this use I shall not indicate it in transcription, as -it may be taken for granted wherever vowels are written together. Such -words as those in § 8 will therefore from now on be transcribed without -the sign for glottal stop: doňn, óo, boň`. So táo (§ 9) means tá`o, -etc. Cf. below. - -15. The distinctive final glottal stop is usually lost before a -following word in the phrase: hindí sya not he, Hintú na! Stop! - -It is always lost before the words ng, t, and y: ang báta ng mabaět -the good child. - -16. p, t, k are unvoiced fortis stops; they differ from the -corresponding English sounds primarily in that they are only slightly -aspirated. In sentence-final the implosion only is made. - -t (in contrast with the English sound) is postdental, often near -to interdental. - -k is always articulated in back velar position (as in English coo), no -matter what sound follows. The closure of k is occasionally imperfect, -so that a rather open velar spirant (resembling Slavic x) is heard: -malaxŕs for malakŕs strong; this variation has not been noted in -transcription. - -In word-formation p, t, k alternate, respectively, with m, n, ng; -see Morphology. - -17. b, d, g correspond in position to p, t, k. They are fully voiced -lenis stops; in sentence-final often implosive only, and then weakly -voiced. - -The closure of b is occasionally imperfect, so that a bilabial spirant -is produced: túVig for túbig water; this variation has been ignored -in transcription. - -In word-formation b alternates with m; see Morphology. - -Final d in word-formation is always replaced by r before the vowel -of a suffix: lákad walk, lakar-ŕn walking-party. - -Initial d becomes r in the sentence frequently after the final vowel -of a preceding word and occasionally even after a final non-syllabic, -in the words daŕn hundred (not in daŕn road), damň, dŕw, děn, díne, -díto, diyŕn, doňn; e. g. ako rěn I too. - -In word-formation some words frequently change d to r after the vowel -of a prefix or a reduplication, and others do not: pa-raŕn means -(daŕn road, way), but i-pa-dalŕ be sent (dalŕ bring, carry). The -words (or roots) that have changeable d- are those mentioned in the -preceding paragraph and daŕn, -dáka, damdŕm, dámi, dámot, dangŕl, -dapŕ`, dápat, dáti, -dátig, -datěng, dikět, -diněg, -díwang, -dúkit, --dumč, dúnong, dúsa. - -18. s is the normal unvoiced sibilant, spoken in postdental -position. Before y and iy it is somewhat palatalized (more, for -instance, than Russian palatalized s),--a variation that is not -distinctive and need not be noted in transcription: siyŕ, syŕ he, -she, pronounced with palatalized s. - -s alternates in word-formation with n; see Morphology. - -In the affricate combination ts, which is felt and treated as a single -sound, the s is always palatalized: Intsčk Chinese. - -19. h is the unvoiced glottal spirant; as in English, it occurs only -in syllable-initial: hindě` not, báhay house, mukhŕ` face. - -In word-formation h is often spoken before the initial vowel of a -suffix that is added to a final vowel: -bása read, basa-hŕn reading -room. See Morphology. - -20. The nasals m, n, ng correspond in position to the stops. In -word-formation they alternate, respectively, with p, t, k; m also -with b, and n also with s; ng is often prefixed to an initial vowel; -see Morphology. - -Both in word-formation and in the phrase the nasals are occasionally -assimilated in position to a following consonant: sŕ m pů` ten (m -for ng), Saŕng ka páparon? Where are you going? (for saŕn). - -In the sentence, final n is lost before the words ng, t, and y: -ang áki ng amŕ my father (for ákin my). - -21. r is the voiced tongue-tip trill, postdental. It occurs between -vowels within simple, underived words: áraw sun, day,--no doubt as -a substitute for d, which never occurs in this position; everywhere -else r is merely a variant of d (§ 17). - -22. l is postdental; the timbre is much as in Standard French or -German, the mid-tongue not lowered. - -23. f and v (both labiodental) occur in unassimilated foreign words; -they are occasionally replaced (especially in derivatives) by p and -b. Filipínas the Philippines, infiyčrno, impiyčrno Hell, fiyčsta, -piyčsta fiesta, but always ka-piyestá-han day of a festival, sivěl, -siběl civil, prověnsiya province, bintána` window, báso drinking-glass. - -r occurs freely in all positions in foreign words (cf. § 21): trčn -train, trabáho work, krůs cross, relňs watch, sombréro hat, beside -Tagalized sambalílo. - -The occurrence of ts (§ 18) is probably limited to foreign words. - -24. When in word-formation a vowel is lost before a suffix (§ 13), -the non-syllabics thereby brought together are subject to various -changes: sigl-ŕn be filled, silěd with suffix -an. See Morphology. - - - -2. Syllabication. - -a. In the word. - -25. If a single non-syllabic follows a stressed vowel, the latter -is spoken with open syllable accent, and the non-syllabic begins the -following syllable: bá-hay house, sů-sú-lat will write. - -If a single non-syllabic follows an unstressed vowel, the latter has -close syllable accent,--that is, no stress-division is made between -the syllables (just as in English): itň this, kasakimŕn selfishness, -sumú-lat wrote. - -If two non-syllabics intervene between two syllabics, the -syllable-division is made between the non-syllabics: luk-sň jump, -muk-hŕ` face, In-tsčk Chinese. Stressed ay seems, however, to have -open syllable accent: káy-lan when? - -Syllabics never follow each other without an intervening -non-syllabic. If no other non-syllabic intervenes, a non-distinctive -glottal stop is spoken. I have not written the glottal stop in this -position, as it may always be taken for granted (§ 14). Hence daŕn -road is pronounced da`ŕn, siěk young pig si`ěk, doňn there do`ňn, -táo human being tá`o. - -Nor do more than two non-syllabics ever follow each other in a native -word. The following are examples of unusual combinations in foreign -words: An-drčs, Pé-dro, beside Tagalized Píro, ká-tre bedstead, -sčr-mon, trabá-ho work, but in reduplication mag-tŕ-trabá-ho will -work, krůs cross, but in reduplication nag-kú-kurůs crosses himself, -cf. baráso arm, lóbo balloon (Sp. globo). - -26. In frequently used words, especially in more rapid speech, the -intervocalic glottal stop is often lost. - -If like vowels thus meet, they coalesce into a single vowel of no -more than normal length: pumarňn went there beside pumaroňn. When -oo is thus contracted, the resulting o may be raised to u (cf. § 9): -pinarunŕn was gone to, beside pinaronŕn and pinaroonŕn. - -If unlike vowels meet, the non-syllabic corresponding to the higher -vowel (i. e. y with i, e and w with u, o) takes the place of the -glottal stop. So táwo beside táo. The combinations so resulting are -treated in every way like those discussed in the next §. - -27. If the non-syllabic intervening between two vowels is y or w, -the combination involves no peculiarity, provided that neither -of the vowels is homogeneous with the non-syllabic: bá-yan town, -pag-dirí-wang celebration, gayňn thus. - -If, however, one of the vowels is homogeneous with the non-syllabic -(i. e. i, e with y and u, o with w) and is not stressed, it is -spoken shorter than a normal unstressed vowel: in such words as iyňn -that, buwŕn moon, month the i, u are spoken shorter than in other -positions. So also in táwo (see preceding §) the o. - -After consonants these short vowels are often entirely omitted: bwŕn -beside buwŕn, syŕ he, she beside siyŕ. The syllable-division remains, -however, as in the longer form: kápwŕ` fellow- beside kápuwŕ` is -pronounced ká-pwŕ` (not kap-wa`). - -Even in other positions these reduced vowels are often omitted, -especially in frequently used combinations: Ano yňn? What's -that? beside Ano iyňn?, occasionally táw for táwo, táo. - -28. Conversely, one hears now and then a superfluous short i, e with -a y, and an u, o with a w: iyaňn for yaňn that, máye for máy having, -uwalŕ` for walŕ` without. - -29. The combinations ay and ai are occasionally replaced by a long -open e: kélan beside káylan when?, mé báhay beside máy báhay wife, -housewife, me áre` beside may áre` master, owner, ténga beside -taínga car. - - - -b. In word-formation. - -30. When in word-formation affixes or reduplicative syllables are -added to a root, the syllabication is as in a simple word: sulá-tan -be written to (súlat writing with suffix -an), sumú-lat wrote (same, -with infix -um-), umuwč`, umwč` (§ 27) went home (-uwč` go home, -with prefixed -um-). - -When vowels meet, they are as a rule separated by the non-distinctive -intervocalic glottal stop: maŕ-á-re` will be possible (áre` property -reduplicated and with prefix ma-). - -31. The intervocalic glottal stop is rarely reduced, except in -certain much-used combinations, the commonest being those with the -prefix i- and with the prefix ka- and the suffix -an in certain uses -(see Morphology): iniútos was commanded (útos command with prefixes -in- and i-), usually iniyútos; laruŕn, toy (larň` play, game with -suffix -an), usually laruwŕn, larwŕn, but (with a different use -of the suffix -an) lŕrúan playground; kayibígan, kaybígan friend -(íbig love, desire, with prefix ka- and suffix -an), but kaěbígan -sweetheart and kaibigŕn affection. For -íwan abandon with prefix i- -only the contracted form íwan be abandoned is spoken. Cf. further -ikaápat, ikápat fourth (ápat four with prefixes i- and ka-). - -32. Conversely, an original y or w is sometimes under emphasis -replaced by glottal stop; thus, for patayěn be killed (patŕy dead -person, kill with suffix -in), occasionally pataěn. - -33. When a word is doubled, when two words are united in a compound -word, and after the prefixes that end in g, the syllable-division is -however made as though separate words were meeting in a sentence,--that -is, according to the rules in the following paragraphs. - - - -c. In the phrase. - -34. When words come together in the phrase, the word-division is -maintained (as in English) as a syllable-division. - -In the case of initial consonants the division is thus like that within -a word: Sumúlat ka. Write (thou), Sumúlat siyŕ, Sumúlat syŕ. He wrote, -Sumáma ka. Go along, Sumáma siyŕ, Sumáma syŕ. He went along. - -Before a vowel-initial the word-division is maintained as a -syllable-division by the use of a non-distinctive glottal stop (as -in German): Sumúlat akň. I wrote, i. e. sumú-lat-`akň; Sumáma akň. I -went along, i. e. sumá-ma-`akň. - -Doubled words, compound words, and forms with prefixes ending in -g (namely, mag-, nag-, pag-, tag-) are similarly treated (§ 33): -agŕd-agŕd immediately (agŕd at once doubled), i. e. agŕd-`agŕd; -báhay-aklátan library-building (compound of báhay house and aklátan -place for books), i. e. bá-hay-`ak-lá-tan; pagsúlat an act of writing -(súlat writing with prefix pag-), i. e. pag-sú-lat; nagáral studied -(áral teaching with prefix nag-), i. e. nag-`á-ral. - -Occasionally, in emphatic speech, the same division is made within -other formations: umakiyŕt, umakyŕt climbed (-akiyŕt climb with -prefixed -um-), occasionally, but rarely, um-`akiyŕt, usually umakiyŕt, -umakyŕt (by § 30). - -35. Reduction of the glottal stop and contraction of vowels occur -only in a few much-used combinations of words: si Andrčs (si is the -article of proper names), also siy Andrčs, sy Andrčs; Ano iyŕn? What's -that?, also Ano yŕn? and even An yŕn?; na itň this (na is a particle -expressing attribution), also na yitň, na ytň. - -36. Occasionally such reductions go even farther, as in anň in the -preceding paragraph, and occur where the glottal stop is not involved: -as, sŕ for isŕ one in sŕ m pů` ten, for isŕ ng pů`. - -37. The words at, ay, and na have also a shorter form, t, y, and ng, -respectively, which occurs only (but not always) after a final vowel, -glottal stop, or n. When these forms are used, the final glottal stop -or n is lost (§§ 15, 20) and the t, y, or ng is treated in every -way exactly as though it were part of the preceding word: butň at -balŕt, butň t balŕt bone and skin, i. e. butňt-balŕt; Iyňn ay mabúti, -Iyň y mabúti. That's good, i. e. iyňy-mabú-ti; ang báta` na mabaět -(clumsy, as in the speech of a child just learning to speak, for:) -ang báta ng mabaět the good child, i. e. ang-bá-tang-maba`ět. - - - -3. Accentuation. - -a. Word-accent. - -38. In a word of more than one syllable at least one syllable is -normally spoken with a greater degree of stress than the others. - -The unstressed syllables have short vowels (about as long as the -vowel in English pit or put) and close syllable-stress (§ 25). - -39. A non-final syllable ending in a non-syllabic (i. e. a closed -non-final syllable) never has the stress; such words as luk-sň jump, -muk-hŕ` face, ak-lŕt book are therefore always oxytone. The only -exceptions are syllables ending in ay; this combination seems to -be felt as a unit capable of open syllable-stress: káy-lan, ké-lan -when; further, the words mín-san once, pín-san cousin, and nŕn-don, -by-form of ná-roňn is there; and, finally, unassimilated foreign -words: bčs-bol, sčr-mon, kwŕr-ta, kwŕl-ta money (Spanish cuarto), -but also Tagalized kwaltŕ. - -Words like ká-pwŕ` (beside ká-puwŕ`) are not exceptions, for the -first syllable is not closed (§ 27). - -40. The stressed syllables fall into two grammatical classes which -are only in part phonetically distinct; we may call them primary and -secondary word-accent. - -41. The primary word-accent on a final syllable or (in the cases -mentioned in § 39) on a closed non-final syllable, consists merely in -greater stress than that of an unaccented syllable, accompanied by -a pitch-rise of about half a note. [4] I use the grave accent-sign: -gabě night, hindě` not, kamŕy hand, buhňk hair, nŕndon is there, -sčrmon sermon. - -42. On a non-final open syllable the primary word-accent involves an -increase of stress (less than in English), a pitch-rise of two notes, -lengthening of the vowel to about one and one-half times the duration -of an unstressed vowel, and open syllable-stress (§ 25). I use the -acute accent-mark: báhay house, báyan town. - -So also, irregularly, syllables in ay: káylan, kélan when?, and even -finally: káy, ké than, máy, mé having; also mínsan, pínsan. - -If an unaccented syllable precedes, the pitch-rise really begins on -the latter: in sumúlat wrote, for instance, the first syllable is -spoken above the usual pitch, and the two-note pitch-rise is merely -completed in the accented syllable. - -43. The secondary word-accent on a final syllable has weaker stress -than the primary accent in the same place, and ordinarily lacks the -pitch-rise. Grammatically, it is recognizable by the presence of -the primary accent on another syllable; I use the grave accent-mark: -áakiyŕt, áakyŕt will climb, náriněg was heard. - -44. On a non-final open syllable the secondary accent differs from the -primary accent in similar position in two respects: its pitch-rise is -less marked, varying from three-quarters to one and three-quarters -notes, and its vowel-lengthening is greater, reaching twice the -length of an unstressed vowel. I use the grave accent-mark: sůsúlat -will write. - -When the primary accent is on the last syllable and therefore weak (§ -41), the secondary accent often approaches a non-final primary accent -in character: the first syllable of a word like nŕbuksŕn came open is -often phonetically the same as that of a word like náriněg was heard. - -If an unaccented syllable precedes the secondary accent, the pitch-rise -really begins in the former: in such a word as sumůsúlat is writing -the first syllable is spoken with higher than normal pitch, in the -second syllable the pitch is brought up to a note and three-fourths -above normal, and in the third the two-note rise is completed. - -Of two secondary accents following each other the preceding is -the more marked: nŕrŕramdamŕn is felt (nŕ- has more marked accent -than rŕ-). This helps to make the primary accent distinct, for it -is stronger than a preceding secondary accent: sůsúlat will write -(the second su- is stronger, not weaker, than the first); nŕlŕláman -is known (if the third syllable had a secondary accent, it would be -less marked than the first and second, but its pitch and stress are -actually higher). - - - -b. Sentence-accent. - -45. Certain words are atonic, i. e. are always spoken unstressed in -the phrase: e. g. ang áso the or a dog, sa ákin to me. - -The atonic words are: ang, at, ay, kay to (not káy, ké than), kung, -na attributive (not nŕ already), nang, ni of (not ně nor), o or -(not ň oh), pag, sa, si. - -The short variants of at, ay, and na, namely t, y, and ng (§ 37), -having no vowel, cannot be stressed; they are treated in every way -as though they formed part of the preceding word. - -46. In closely united phrases the last word keeps its accent, while -the preceding ones often weaken theirs. Especially a final syllable -often loses its accent before another word in the phrase: - -dáhil díto on account of this, often: dahil díto, - -ang mangŕ báhay the houses, often: ang manga báhay, - -ang kanyŕ ng báhay his or her house, ang kanya ng báhay, - -ang malakě ng báhay the large house, ang malaki ng báhay. - -47. Opposed to the preceding rule is the treatment of certain words -which we may call enclitics. These very frequently, to be sure, -receive the normal treatment: that is, they are stressed and the -preceding word either keeps its stress or, if oxytone, often loses it; -but frequently, instead, the enclitic loses its accent: - -Umakyŕt siyŕ, Umakyat syŕ. He climbed, but also Umakyŕt sya. - -Áakyŕt siyŕ, Áakyat syŕ. He will climb, but also Áakyŕt sya. - -Gánu ka na bŕ kakínis? How clever are you now? (kŕ, nŕ, bŕ are all -enclitic). - -Enclitics have the further (and more easily recognized) peculiarity -that they follow the first orthotonic (i. e. neither atonic nor -pretonic, § 48) word of the expression to which they belong (either -as modifiers or as subject): - -ang mahahába nya ng paŕ his (niyŕ, enclitic) long legs. - -When several enclitics come together the last one is often -stressed. Monosyllabic enclitics precede disyllabic: - -Nahánap na nyŕ ang sombréro. He has already looked for the hat. (nŕ -and niyŕ are enclitics; the latter is treated as disyllabic even when -in the contracted form nyŕ). - -The enclitics are: - -(1) always: the monosyllabic forms of the personal pronouns, namely -kŕ, kň, mň, and the words (particles) bŕ, bagŕ, dŕw, děn, mŕn, múna, -nŕ, namŕn, nawŕ`, ngŕ`, pŕ, palŕ, pň`, sána, tulňy. - -(2) frequently or in certain senses: the disyllabic forms of the -personal pronouns (including siyŕ, syŕ and niyŕ, nyŕ) except ikŕw -(which is never enclitic), the demonstrative pronouns, and the words -díne, díto, diyŕn, doňn, kayŕ`, lámang, ulč`; occasionally short -phrases (§ 88). - -For details about these words see Syntax. - -48. Opposed to the rule in § 46 are also certain words (particles) -which we may call pretonics. Their treatment is often regular: that -is, the pretonic as well as the following word keeps its accent, or -the pretonic loses its accent before a following word; but sometimes -the pretonic keeps its accent and the following word, if oxytone, -is unaccented: - -máy sakět, may sakět having sickness, i. e. sick, but also máy -sakit. Only máy and nása actually appear with this accentuation. - -The other pretonics are so classed because they share with these -two words the peculiarity that an enclitic belonging to the phrase -follows not the pretonic word, but the first orthotonic word: - -Máy katawŕn sya ng pára ng táo. He has a body like a human being. (siyŕ -he, enclitic follows not máy, which is pretonic, but katawŕn body, -the first orthotonic word of the predicate). - -The pretonics are the particles báwat, káhit, kapŕg, kinŕ, mangŕ, -máy, nagěng (together with its other forms, § 250), nása (together -with its other forms, § 212), ně nor (not ni of), ninŕ, pagkŕ, sinŕ, -tagŕ (tigŕ). See Syntax. - -49. A final syllable ending in glottal stop (§ 14) often receives -a higher degree of stress than a corresponding syllable with a -different final. - -If the syllable ending in glottal stop has not the word-accent, it -often receives an accent resembling the secondary accent on a non-final -syllable; this is especially common if the glottal stop is lost before -another word in the phrase: páre`, párč` priest, Párě Hwŕn Father Juan. - -If the syllable has a word-accent and the glottal stop is lost in the -phrase, its accent is often spoken like a primary word-accent on an -open syllable: Walá sya. He has none (walŕ`), Naglálarú sya. He is -playing (naglálarň`). - -If, however, the glottal stop is lost before t, y, or ng, this -heightening of accent does not take place, since the syllable -is then treated as ending in t, y, or ng: Syŕ y walŕ ng aklŕt -(i. e. walŕng-`ak-lŕt), Sya y wala ng aklŕt. He has no book or -no books. - -50. In a succession of otherwise unstressed syllables a rhythmical -movement is usually produced by means of grammatically insignificant -stresses weaker than a secondary word-accent; the distribution, and, -indeed, the occurrence of these is so variable that I have not tried -to indicate them in transcription, especially as they are never -distinctive. Thus, in the phrases in § 46 an accent of this kind -may fall on the next-to-last syllables of the words that lose their -normal word-accent: ang mŕnga báhay, ang kŕnya ng amŕ his father, -ang malŕki ng báhay. - -51. The successive accents in a sentence bear a well-marked relation -to each other: the early and especially the middle ones have higher -absolute pitch than the last; an accent on the last syllable of a -sentence often entirely loses its pitch-rise. As a consequence of -this rather fixed melody, the differences of pitch-movement between -statements, questions, commands, and exclamations of various kinds are -not so marked as in English; the higher stress of emotionally dominant -(emphatic) words, also, is less marked than in English. - -In exclamation or under emphasis the accent of a final syllable may -be like that of a medial syllable, and may, in addition take on a -falling accent after the rise: Hwán! (with rising-falling stress and -pitch) Juan!, for normal Huwŕn, Hwŕn. Other disturbances of accent -also occur in exclamation. - - - - - -B. SYNTAX. - -1. Sentence and word. - -a. Syntactic relations. - -52. The sentence consists of one or more words: -Aráy! Ouch! Umúulŕn. It's raining. Ina kň! Mother of mine! (as -exclamation). Sya y sumůsúlat. He or she is or was writing. - -53. The relations between the words in a sentence are the usual ones: -(1) Attribution: Ina kň! Mother (of) mine! (2) Predication: Sumůsúlat -syŕ. Literally: Is-writing he. (3) The serial relation: butň t balŕt -bone and skin. - -54. Some of the particles (§ 55) seem, however, to stand in none of -these relations, but rather to express these relations themselves. Thus -the particle t and in the preceding example is expressive of the serial -relation. So further: malakě ng báhay large house; the particle ng -expresses the attributive relation; Sya y sumůsúlat. The particle y -expresses the predicative relation. - -It is to be remarked, further, that the sphere of attribution includes -some cases in which the attribute markedly alters the sense: sakět -sickness: máy sakět (máy is an attribute) having sickness, sick. [5] - - - -b. Parts of speech. - -55. Tagalog distinguishes two parts of speech: full words and -particles. - -The particles either express the syntactic relations between full words -(as illustrated in § 54) or act as attributes of full words (so máy -in the example in § 54): Hindí sya sumůsúlat. He is not writing. The -particle hindě` not is an attribute of sumůsúlat. - -In contrast with the particles, full words act not only as attributes, -but also as subject or predicate, and any full word may, in principle, -be used in any of these three functions: - -(1) Subject: Ang sumůsúlat ay si Pédro. The person writing is -Pedro. Ang pulŕ nang panyň ay matingkŕd. The red of the handkerchief -is intense. - -(2) Predicate: Sya y sumůsúlat. He is writing. Pulŕ ang panyo ng -itň. This handkerchief is red. - -(3) Attribute: ang báta ng sumůsúlat the writing child, the child -who is writing; ang pulŕ ng panyň the red handkerchief. - -56. Independent of this classification into parts of speech are -certain less important groupings of words and certain phrase types, -some of which will appear in the course of the analysis. Others, -however, demand mention at the outset. - - - -c. Static and transient words. - -57. Transient words express an element of experience viewed as -impermanent, i. e. belonging to some limited portion of time, so -sumůsúlat above, as opposed, e. g., to siyŕ, pulŕ, panyň, báta`, -Pédro. Words which are not transient may be called static. Only a few -particles are transient; among the full words the transient group is -large and important. - - - -d. Personal names. - -58. Except in exclamations and in address, names of persons (or -animals) are distinguished from other words by being always (but see -§ 78) preceded by the atonic particle si: Hwŕn! Juan! si Hwŕn Juan, -si Salaměn Glass, Mirror (as name of a dog). - -59. Many terms of relationship and titles may be used in place of the -name of an individual and then belong to the personal name class: ang -amŕ the father, ang áki ng amŕ my father, but: si Amŕ Father. Thus -are used, further: si Inŕ Mother, si Tátay Papa, si Nánay Mama, si -Kúya or si Kúyang Oldest brother, si Atč Oldest sister, si Ingkňng -Grandfather, si Indŕ` or si Impň Grandmother, si Áli or si Tiyŕ Aunt, -si Máma` Uncle; si Bathála` God, but: ang Dyňs. - -So also phrases in which these and other titles as attributes precede -a name, see § 256. - -60. The particle sinŕ or silŕ, pretonic, in place of si forms an -expression denoting the person named together with his family or group -of adherents: sina Hwŕn or sila Hwŕn Juan and his family or Juan and -his crowd. With a series of names sinŕ implies that those named form a -group: si Hwŕn, si Andrčs, at si Mariyáno Juan, Andrés, and Mariano; -sina Hwŕn, Andrčs, at Mariyáno the group consisting of Juan, Andrés, -and Mariano; sina Hwŕn, sina Andrčs, at sina Mariyáno Juan, Andrés, -and Mariano, each with his group. - - - -e. The object construction. - -61. When a word or phrase denotes an element of experience viewed -as an object, it is, with certain exceptions, preceded by the atonic -particle ang: ang báta` the or a child, boy, girl; children, ang báhay -the, a house; houses, ang báyan the, a town, ang kabŕítan goodness, -kindness; an act of kindness, ang kataúhan mankind, ang pagsúlat the -or an act of writing, ang mabúte that which is good, the best thing. - -The following are the exceptions: - -62. Personal names preceded by si or sinŕ (silŕ) do not take ang; they -always, of course, denote an object idea. See the examples in § 58 ff. - -63. The personal pronouns (which always express an object idea) do -not take ang. They are: akň I; kitŕ we, i. e. thou and I, inclusive -dual; táyo we, i. e. thou (or ye) and I (or we), inclusive dual and -plural; kamě we (but not you), exclusive dual and plural; ikŕw, kŕ -thou (singular); kayň ye, you (dual, plural, and polite singular); -siyŕ he, she; silŕ they. - -All of these except ikŕw are often enclitic; kŕ is always so: Ikŕw -ay talúnan. You are defeated. Sumúlat ka. Write (thou). - -Siyŕ is used only of living beings, except for a single peculiar -construction to be described below (§ 106 f.). - -Kitŕ in the sense here given is not much used, táyo being commoner: -Palět kitŕ nang sombréro. Let's trade hats. Kitŕ ay pumaroňn sa -teyátro. Or, more commonly: Táyo ay pumaroňn sa teyátro. Let us go -to the theatre. Kitŕ is more used in another meaning, as we shall see -(§ 182). - -Kamě differs from these two words in excluding the person or persons -addressed: Kŕkáin táyo. We shall eat. Nakitúluy kamě kina Pédro. We -asked hospitality of Pedro's. In both of these sentences (as also -in that with táyo already given) two or more people may be meant. It -will be seen, therefore, that the distinction between dual and plural -is not categoric (obligatory). - -That between singular and plural is categoric in these pronouns; -everywhere else it is not obligatory; the idea of plurality is inherent -in many words and forms, but these are used only where the idea of -plurality is explicitly prominent. - -64. The demonstrative pronouns as object expressions also reject -ang. They are: irč this (on the person of the speaker or within his -immediate reach); itň this (more generally, of anything nearer to the -speaker than to the person addressed); iyŕn, yŕn that (nearer to the -person addressed); iyňn, yaňn, yoňn, yňn that (of things distant from -both speaker and person addressed). - -Itň and iyňn are used also anaphorically: the former--the latter. - -The demonstrative pronouns are often enclitic. - -Ang is omitted also before an object expression in which a -demonstrative pronoun stands first as a modifier, see § 130. - -65. Similarly before object expressions in which an interrogative -pronoun stands first as a modifier, see §§ 131.168. - -66. The use of ang is optional before the numerative pronouns. The use -of ang seems sometimes to lend these greater definiteness, sometimes -to be indifferent. - -The numerative pronouns used as object expressions are: ibŕ other, -ilŕn few, karamíhan most, lahŕt all. (The other numerative pronouns, -namely boň` whole and the particles bála any and báwat every are not -used as object expressions). - -ibŕ others; ilŕn a few; Ang ilŕn ay malalakŕs at ang ibŕ ay -mahihína`. Some are strong and others are weak. Lahŕt nang táo -sa báya ng itň ay dápat umalěs. All people (who are) in this town -ought to leave (nang táo of people, of the people is an attribute -of lahŕt). Ang lahŕt nang táo sa báya ng itň ay máy sakět. All the -people in this town are diseased. karamíhan sa kanilŕ most of them; -ang karamíhan the majority. - -The use of ang is optional also before object expressions in which -a numerative pronoun stands first as an attribute, see § 132. - -67. The use of ang is optional before the cardinal numerals: isŕ sa -kanilŕ, or: ang isŕ sa kanilŕ one of them. - -The simple cardinal numerals are: isŕ one, dalawŕ two, tatlň three, -ápat four, limŕ five, ánim six, pitň seven, walň eight, siyŕm, -syŕm nine. - -Similarly, the use of ang is optional before an object expression in -which a cardinal numeral stands first as a modifier, see § 133. - -In dates and for the hours of the day the Spanish numerals are commonly -used; these demand ang: ang abéynte-kwátru nang Húnyo the twenty-fourth -of June. - -68. Ang is omitted, further, before object expressions beginning with -the particle ně (§ 253) and optionally before those beginning with the -particle káhit (§ 248). All object expressions lack ang when forming -an indefinite object predicate (§ 109), in expressions of indefinite -quantity (§ 69), when used indefinitely after pára (§ 275), hanggŕng -(§ 293), patě (§ 305), and in exclamation or address (§§ 75.78). [6] - - - -f. Expressions of indefinite quantity. - -69. Object expressions are used (without ang, § 68) to express -indefinite objects (roughly speaking such as would lack the article -the in English) or indefinite quantities of objects, when preceded -by certain modifiers. These modifiers are the pretonic particle -máy, expressing existence or forthcomingness (§ 252), and the -full words máy-roňn, equivalent with máy; walŕ` the negative of -these; malakě great; maláon long; marámi much, many (§ 138). The -phrases so formed may be described as expressions of indefinite -quantity. Beside the omission of ang before the object expression, -they have the peculiarity that in certain constructions they express -(without further accompaniments) the possessor of that designated: -may súngay there are horns or having horns, horned; máy-roo ng aklŕt -there are books or having a book, books; wala ng aklŕt there are no -books or without a book, having no books; malakě ng kagamitŕn great -usefulness, there is great use, or having great usefulness; maláo -ng panahňn long time or taking a long time; marámi ng salapč` much -money, there is much money or having much money; marámi ng kaybígan -many friends, there are many friends or having many friends. - -Máy expresses also approximateness (where the object expression is -one of number): may ápat na pu ng paŕ about forty feet or having, -measuring about forty feet. - -70. An expression of indefinite quantity may, as a unit, stand in -object construction; in this case the first three have possessive -value, but not the others: ang máy sakět the or a person having -sickness, the or a sick person; ang máy-roo ng aklŕt the (a) person -who has a book or books; ang wala ng hiyŕ` the (a) shameless person; -but: ang malakě ng báhay the, a large house; ang marámi ng bágay the -many things. - -71. Marámi may by itself stand in object construction; it then has -the meaning: ang marámi the many, the crowd, the people, hoi polloi. - - - -2. Subject and predicate. - -72. Most sentences consist of a subject and a predicate, showing the -construction of Sumůsúlat syŕ, Sya y sumůsúlat (§§ 53, 54). Indeed, -this goes farther than in English; many commands, for instance, -have the subject-and-predicate structure: Sumúlat ka. Write thou, -i. e. Write. - -Nevertheless, much of the syntax is determined by the use of -constructions which lack subject-and-predicate structure. - - - -a. Non-predicative sentences. - -73. The sentences which lack subject-and-predicate structure are of -two general types: (1) exclamatory, and (2) impersonal-anaphoric. - -74. To the exclamatory type belongs the use in independent -sentences of certain particles, the primary interjections: -Abŕ! Ah! Aráy! Ouch! Ó! Oh! - -As in other languages, some of these violate the normal phonetic -structure, that is, are "inarticulate": Sss! Whew!, uttered when the -weather is very hot. One whistles when one wants the wind to blow. - -75. To the exclamatory type belong, further, words and phrases used as -secondary interjections: Anň! What! (unpleasant surprise). Inŕ ko! or: -Ina kň! Mother of mine! Ano ng hína mo! What weakness of-you! i. e. How -weak you are! - -As the second example shows, object expressions are here used without -ang (§ 68). - -76. Certain words with the prefix ka- expressing high degree of -a quality (see Morphology), with their attributes: Kaitěm nang -gabi! What-blackness of-the night! i. e. How black the night is! - -77. Certain words with the prefix ka- and reduplication expressing -recent completion of an act (see Morphology), with their modifiers: -Karárating ko pa lámang! Just-arriving by-me still only! i. e. I have -only just arrived. - -78. Vocatives, in calling or address: Kayň ng manga makasalánan! Ye -sinners! In this use personal names lack si and all object expressions -lack ang (§ 68): Hwŕn! Juan! Máma`! Sir! Áli! Madam! Wala ng -hiyŕ`! Shameless one! - -79. Commands of certain brusque or familiar types, used, e. g., -to children, servants, animals, in haste or excitement: Hintú -na! Stop! Ílag na! Get out of the way! Súlong! Go ahead! Hurry -up! Panáog nŕ sa báhay! Come down from the house! Come on out! Tŕbí po` -Look out please! (Cry of drivers to people on the street. The accent -is irregular by § 51 for tabě). - -80. Certain set expressions, such as greetings: Maganda ng áraw -pň`! Good-morning! Salámat. Thanks. Salámat sa iyň. Thank you. - -81. Expressions of affirmation and negation: Óo. Yes. Oo ngŕ`. Yes -indeed. Táma`. That's right, Exactly. Hindě`. No. Walŕ`. None, Nothing, -There isn't. - -82. The mere naming of an idea, as in counting or giving the title -of a story: Isŕ, dalawŕ, tatlň, ápat, limŕ.... One, two, three, -four, five.... - -83. (2) Of the impersonal-anaphoric type are many answers to questions -or continuations of dialogue: Kahápon. Yesterday. Akň. I, It's I, -It was I. (Never "Itň y akň," or the like). - -84. Certain occurrences, especially meteoric phenomena, -are not analyzed into subject and predicate: Umúulŕn. It's -raining. Kabilúgan nang bwŕn. Roundness of-the moon, i. e. There is -a full moon. Bumábahŕ`. There is a flood. Naŕáre`. It is possible, -allowable. Hindí nalaúnan. It did not take long, It was not -long. Taginit nŕ. It is summer already. - -85. Very common in impersonal construction are expressions of -indefinite quantity (§ 69). In this use they express existence or -forthcomingness (or the opposite) of indefinite objects: Mŕy manga -babáye. There are women. Máy-roo ng aswŕng sa báyan. There was a -vampire in the town. Walŕ ng papčl. There is no paper. Walŕ ng anu -mŕn! There is nothing. Also: Not at all! You're welcome! Malaki ng twŕ` -nang iba ng táo. There was great rejoicing by the other people. Sa -dalága ng itň y marámi ng manglilígaw. For this young woman there -were many suitors. - -86. Less common in impersonal construction are expressions of -occurrences involving indefinite or indifferent persons or things: -Humúkay. One should dig. Nagumpisa nŕ nang pagsábuy. "They" have -already begun to throw. - -87. There is great freedom as to presence or absence of anaphorically -determined elements (i. e., such as have been recently mentioned or, -less commonly, are about to be mentioned), including the subject; -when this is wanting, the subject-and-predicate structure is, of -course, lost: Hiníla nya sa pasígan. Was-dragged by-him to-the shore, -i. e. He dragged it or the tree (sc. itň, or: ang púno`, from the -preceding sentence) to the shore. Hindí makabůbúti sa kanilŕ. (It, -the scheme mentioned) will do them no good. - -Many constructions later to be noticed depend on this habit of -omitting anaphorically determined elements, cf. e. g.: Ang púno` -ay tumúbo hanggŕng sa magbúnga. The tree grew until (sc. it) bore -fruit. Pagdatěng niya ay sabíhin mo ng maghintŕy. At-the-coming of-him -be-said (impersonal) by-you that (sc. he) should-wait, i. e. When he -comes, tell him to wait. - - - -b. The subject. - -88. The subject of a sentence is always an object expression. The -only exceptions are complex sentences with entire predications (§ -115) or quotations (§ 329) as subject. - -89. The subject may have two positions: - -(1) Non-enclitic: it precedes or follows the predicate; in the -former case the predicate is introduced by the atonic particle ay, -y (y often after syllabic vowel, n, or `; see Phonetics): Sumůsúlat -ang báta`. The child is writing; or: Ang báta` ay sumůsúlat. Ang -báta y sumůsúlat. Siyŕ ay sumůsúlat. Sya y sumůsúlat. He, she is -writing. Here siyŕ, syŕ is not enclitic. - -(2) Enclitic: it follows the first orthotonic word of the -predicate: Hindí sya sumůsúlat. Not he is-writing, i. e. He is not -writing. Sumůsúlat sya nang líham. He is writing a letter, letters. In -these examples siyŕ is enclitic. - -Not only enclitically used pronouns (§§ 63. 64), but even short phrases -are thus used: Pinapútol nila si Hwŕn nang káhoy. Was-ordered-to-cut -by-them Juan (subject) some wood, i. e. They ordered Juan to cut -wood. Here the position of si Hwŕn after the first orthotonic word -of the predicate (pinapútol) but before the rest of the predicate -(nang káhoy) shows it to be (like nilŕ) an enclitic element. With the -same subject not enclitically used the sentence would be: Pinapútol -nila nang káhoy si Hwŕn, and this, indeed, is the more usual locution. - -90. On the use or non-use of an anaphoric subject (siyŕ, silŕ, itň) -see § 87. - - - -c. The predicate. - -91. The predicate may be (1) a transient word with its modifiers, -(2) a static word with its modifiers, or (3) an object expression. - - - -(1) Transient predicate. - -92. Transient words fall into four classes according to the four -relations which a subject may bear to them when they are used as -predicate. We may designate these classes by the following names: - -1. active: the subject is viewed as an actor: Sumůsúlat sya nang -líham. He (subject) is writing a letter, letters. Sya y pumútol nang -káhoy. He (subject) cut some wood. Umalěs syŕ. He went away. - -2. direct passive: the subject is viewed as an object fully affected -or produced: Sinúlat nya ang líham. Was-written by-him the letter -(subject), i. e. The letter was written by him, He wrote the -letter. Pinútol nya ang káhoy. Was-cut by-him the wood (subject), -i. e. He cut the wood. - -3. instrumental passive: the subject is viewed as a means, an -instrument, something given forth or parted from: Isinúlat nya ang -kwčnto. Was-written-down by-him the story (subject), i. e. He wrote -the story. Ipinútol nya ang gúlok. Was-cut-with by-him the bolo -(subject), i. e. He used the bolo for cutting, He cut with the bolo. - -4. local passive: the subject is viewed as an object partly -or less fully affected, as a place or sphere: Sinulátan nya -akň. Was-written-to by-him I (subject), i. e. He wrote me. Pinutúlan -nya ang káhoy. Was-cut-from by-him the wood (subject), i. e. He cut -a piece off the wood. - -For a detailed description of these classes of transient words, -see Morphology. - -93. In general the choice between these four constructions is made -in accordance with the logical situation: the definite, known object -underlying the predication as starting-point of discourse is chosen -as subject: Binigyŕn nya akň nang aklŕt. Was-given-to (local passive) -by-him I (enclitic subject) a book, books, i. e. He gave me a book, -books. Ibinigay nyŕ sa ákin ang aklŕt. Was-given (instrumental passive) -by-him to me the book (subject), i. e. He gave me the book. In the -first example the speaker is talking about himself, in the second -about a certain book. - -94. However, the active construction is avoided whenever any object -other than the actor is available as subject. Especially are active -constructions with an anaphoric subject (siyŕ, silŕ, itň) avoided -wherever a passive construction is at hand. Thus, in the instance in § -93, even if "he", the actor, were the real subject of discourse, one -would rarely use the active construction: Sya y nagbigŕy sa ákin nang -aklŕt. He (subject) gave (active) me a book, books. Even elements which -we should look upon as somewhat indefinite are preferred as subjects -to an actor: Kinúha nya ang isa ng aklŕt. Was-taken (direct passive) -by-him a book (subject), i. e. He took a (certain) book (he knew, -or I know which one or what kind). - -The active construction is thus confined to instances in which the -object-ideas other than the actor are entirely vague and undetermined -or lacking: Umalěs syŕ. He went away. Sya y kumúha nang aklŕt. He -took a book, some books (no matter to him or to me which one or what -kind). Sumůsúlat sya nang líham. He is writing a letter, letters. Sya -y pumútol nang káhoy. He cut some wood. Kumáin sya nang kánin. He ate -some boiled rice; but: Kináin nya ang kánin. Was-eaten (direct passive) -by him the boiled rice (subject), i. e. He ate the boiled rice. - -If, in spite of the presence of other definite objects, the actor is -very decidedly emphasized, a different construction (§§ 104.107.) is -used. - - - -(2) Static predicate. - -95. The predicate may consist of a static word with its modifiers: -Ang bátŕ ay mabaět. The child is good. Iyŕ y masamŕ`. That's bad, -wrong. Pulŕ ang panyo ng itň. This handkerchief is red. - -96. This type of predicate is regular in word-questions: the -question word is used as predicate; it precedes the subject: Páno -ang pagkágusto ninyň sa trabáho-ng-kanyunéro? How (predicate) your -liking for (i. e. How did you like) the artillery-service? Papáno ang -pagsasábi sa wíka ng Tagálog nang salitŕ ng Inglčs na "scissors"? How -(predicate) the saying in the Tagalog language of the English word -"scissors"? i. e. How does one say "scissors" in Tagalog? Gaáno -ang pagkakagalět nila? How great, How serious was (predicate) -their quarrel? - -97. This is the construction of the interrogative pronouns in questions -asking for the identity of an object,--unless, indeed, these belong -rather under type (3). The interrogative pronouns are the following: - -(a) síno who? (singular and plural), síno-síno (explicit plural, § 63, -end) is used of persons only, and then only when the answer expected -is a name or the equivalent; it asks for the identity of a person: -Sínu ka? Who are (predicate) you (subject)? Sínu yŕn?--Akň. Who's -that? i. e. Who's there?--I. Sínu ya ng tumútuktók? Who's that -knocking? Síno ang nagbigŕy sa iyň? Who (predicate) the one-who-gave -(sc. it, anaphoric) to you (subject)? i. e. Who gave it to you? Síno -ang nagsábi sa iyň? Who told you? Who told you so? Síno sa kanila ng -dalawŕ ang nagnákaw? Which of the two committed the theft? The two are -known by name or, at any rate, as personalities. Síno-síno sa manga -báta` ang iyo ng nŕhúle sa panguumět? Which ones of the children -(predicate) did you catch pilfering? literally: the ones caught by -you at pilfering, subject. - -(b) anň what? what kind of? how?, explicit plural anň-anň, asks for -the identity of a thing or for the description, character, condition -of a person or of a thing: Ano yŕn?--Itň y librň. What (predicate) -is that you have there (subject)?--This is a book. An yňn?--Yo y -súnog. What's that over there?--It's a fire. Anň ang ngálan mo? What -is your name? Ano ang sábi mo? What do you say? Ano ang íbig mo? What -do you want? Ano-anň ang pinagsabč ni Hwŕn sa iyň? What things did -Juan tell you?, literally: What things (predicate) the things said -by Juan to you? Anu kŕ? What sort of person are you? Anň ang lagŕy -nang manga báta`?... nang asáwa mo? ... nang mé báhay? What (or How) -is the condition of (i. e. How are) the children? ... your husband -or wife? ... your wife? - -(c) alěn which? which one? which ones?, explicit plural alěn-alěn, -is used of persons and things; it asks neither for identification -(persons, síno; things, anň) nor for characterization (anň), but -for indication, by pointing or by description of the place or some -other unessential feature, of persons or things: Alěn ang gustu -mň? Which one, Which ones do you want? Alěn sa kanila ng dalawŕ ang -nagnákaw? Which of the two (e. g., of these two strange men) committed -the theft? Alin-alěn sa manga púnu-ng-káhoy ang iyo ng tinagŕ`? Which -ones of the trees did you cut down? - -98. Of the numerative pronouns (§ 66), boň`, ibŕ, and ilŕn (in this -use interrogative) are used as static predicates: Itň y buň`. This -is entire, complete, unbroken. Hindí ko gusto iyŕn; ibŕ ang áki ng -gustň. Not by-me wanted (static predicate) that (subject); different -(predicate) that by-me wanted (subject), i. e. I don't want that; what -I want is different, I want something else. Ilŕn ang manglilígaw? How -many are the suitors? - -99. Of the modifiers of indefinite quantity (§ 69) several are used -as static predicates: Sya y walá na. He is or was gone already. Itň y -walŕ`. This does not take place, does not appear, falls away. Malakě -ang súnog. The fire was great. Marámi ang nagsŕsábi nitň. Many are -they who say this. - -100. For the disjunctive forms of personal pronouns and of síno as -static predicates, see § 169. For local expressions, see § 211. For -entire predications as static predicates, § 112 f., quotations, § 114. - - - -(3) Object expression as predicate. - -101. If the predicate is an object expression, it may have three -different forms: (A) definite, (B) circumlocutory definite, and -(C) indefinite. - -102. (A) A definite object predicate consists simply of a word or -phrase in the object construction (§ 61 ff.); it has therefore the -same structure as a subject. Usually this predicate precedes and -is emphatic (emotionally dominant): Itň ang áki ng těráhan. This is -(predicate) my dwelling (subject), i. e. Why, it's here I'm at home! - -103. The definite object predicate is especially emphatic in sentences -that have as subject a transient word (with or without modifiers) -in object construction: Si Hwŕn ang nagnákaw. It was Juan who did -the stealing. Siya rěn ang kanya ng iněíbig. It was he whom she -loved. Both nagnákaw and iněíbig are transient. - -104. When an emphatic actor cannot be used as subject of a transient -predicate (owing to the presence of other definite object ideas, § -94), it is often used as the predicate in this construction,--the -transient part of the sentence being put into object construction and -used as subject. Thus, if, in the sentence: Itň y ginawá ni Hwŕn. This -(subject) was-done (direct passive) by Juan, the idea of "Juan", the -actor, should become dominant, one would not use the active transient -predicate ("Si Hwŕn ay gumawá nitň"), for the idea of "this" is too -definite to allow of the actor's functioning as subject; one says -instead: Si Hwŕn ang gumawá nitň. It was Juan who did this, with -"Juan" as definite object predicate and the rest of the sentence, -objectivized, as subject. So: Siyŕ ang nagbigŕy sa ákin nang aklŕt. It -was he that gave me the (or a) book, books. (cf. § 93). Ikaw ngŕ` -ang nagsábi niyŕn. It was you yourself who said that. - -105. Less commonly the subject precedes the predicate. In this -case the construction is quite normal and unemphatic; if there is a -transient element it usually stands in the predicate: Itň y ang áki ng -těráhan. This (subject) is my dwelling. Si Hwŕn ay ang nagnákaw. Juan -is the one who did the stealing. - -106. (B) In the circumlocutory definite object predicate the -central element is the pronoun siyŕ (in this use never enclitic), -which is followed by modifiers which express the real content of the -predicate. In this use siyŕ may apply to inanimate objects and to -two or more objects (§ 63). The subject, which has always a moderate -degree of emphasis, usually precedes: Itň ay sya kň ng těráhan. This -is what is my home, i. e. This is where I live. In most cases the -real content of the predicate is a transient word (with or without -modifiers): Si Pédro ay sya ng tumútuktňk. Pedro is the one (siyŕ) -who is knocking. (Less emphatic than the violently transposed Si -Pédro ang tumútuktňk. It's Pedro who is knocking, of type A). Ang -pagkátahol nang áso ay syŕ ng ikinágising nang báta`. The barking of -the dog is what woke up the child. Ang manga pangparikět ay sya kň ng -pinamutúlan. The kindlings are what I have cut up. Occasionally the -predicate precedes: Baká sya ng ikapútol nang pinggŕ ang kabigatŕn nang -buhángin. Perhaps that which may break the carrying-pole (predicate) -the weight of the sand (subject), i. e. See that the weight of the -sand doesn't break the carrying-pole. - -107. This construction, like that of type (A), is often used when a -transient predicate is not permissible with an actor-subject; here, -however, the sentence is not, as in (A), reversed, but the actor -is used as subject and the rest of the sentence as true content of -the circumlocutory predicate: Si Hwŕn ay syŕ ng gumawá nito. Juan -is the one who did this. Si Pédro ay syŕ ng nagbigŕy sa ákin nang -aklŕt. Pedro is the person who gave me the book. - -108. A predicate of this type may, in its entirety and as a unit, -be objectivized with ang and used as subject of a sentence of type -(A): Ang médiko lámang ay sya nyŕ ng mŕkŕkatálo. The doctor alone will -be the one to oppose him (literally: he by-him who will-be-opposed, -direct passive): Ang médiko lámang ang sya nyŕ ng mŕkŕkatálo. It is -the doctor alone who will be the one to oppose him. Ang bintána ng -iyŕn ang syŕ ng kahůhulúgan nang báta`! It's that window that will -be the place where the child will fall out! - -109. (C) The indefinite object predicate has the structure of an object -expression, but lacks ang (§ 68). In meaning it corresponds, roughly, -to an English noun-predicate without the: Itň y librň. This (subject) -is a book (predicate). Yo y súnog. That's a fire. Itň y mabúti ng -librň. This is a good book. Si Hwŕn ay isa ng magnanákaw. Juan is -a thief. Masípag na táo itň. Industrious people (predicate) these -(subject), i. e. These are industrious people. - -110. As indefinite object predicates occur especially the expressions -of indefinite quantity (§ 69). In this use they have possessive -value: Sya y máy famílya. He has a family. May ápat na pu ng paŕ ang -hába`. Having forty feet (predicate) the length (subject), i. e. The -length is about forty feet. Sya y máy-roo ng aklŕt. He has a book, -books. Sya y wala ng aklŕt. He has no book, no books. Sya y marámi -ng salapč`. He has much money. Hindí maláo ng panahňn ang kanya ng -paghihimatŕy. Her fainting-spell did not last long. Itň y malakě ng -kagamitŕn. This has great use, is much used. - -It is to be noted that all the modifiers of indefinite quantity, except -máy, which is pretonic, are orthotonic and therefore followed by an -enclitic subject (§ 89): Máy-roon sya ng aklŕt. He has no book. But: -May dalawŕ sya ng anŕk. He has two children. - - - -d. Subordinate predications. - -111. An entire predication may be used as subject, predicate, -or attribute in a longer sentence. The use of such subordinate -predications is, however, limited (as opposed, e. g., to English usage) -by the habit of freely using transient words (with their modifiers) -as attributes: ang súpot nang kwaltŕ na kanila ng ibinigŕy pagdáka -sa kanila ng magúlang the bag of money by-them given at once to their -parents, i. e. ... which they gave.... It is limited, further, by the -freedom of omitting anaphoric elements (§ 87): Ang púno` ay tumúbo -hanggŕng sa magbúnga. The tree grew until (sc. it, subject) bore fruit. - -112. Predications as predicates occur very frequently. Ang ginawá -nya ay umalěs sya. That done by-him (subject) was went-away he -(predication, as predicate), i. e. What he did was, he went away. Ang -mabúti ay itápun nilŕ ang manga báta`. The best thing (to do) was -that they should abandon the children. Ang ísip ko y balat lámang nang -itlňg itň. My thought was (i. e. I thought) this was only an egg-shell. - -113. Especially common is a whole predication as a predicate describing -or characterizing the subject: Ang kúba ay mahína` ang katawŕn. The -hunchback was: weak was his body, i. e. was weak of body. Ang ikapitu -ng báta` ay hindí kináin ang kanya ng tinápay. The seventh child -was: not was-eaten his bread, i. e. did not eat his bread. Ang isa -nyŕ ng anŕk ay pitň nŕ ng taňn ang gúlang. His one child was now -seven years of age. This construction, together with the use of -impersonal expressions (§ 84) makes possible such a sentence as: -Ang manga karitňn ... ay gabě kung ipalákad. The wagons ... were: -it-was-night when (sc. they, anaphoric subject) were-made-to-go, -i. e. The wagons were driven at night. - -114. Direct quotations as predicates are frequent: "Isŕ!" ang sábi -nang bulŕg. "One!" was what the blindman said. "Túnay bagŕ ng akň y -iněíbig mo?" ang tanňng nang dalága ni Andrčs sa kanyŕ. "Is it really -true that you love me?" was the question of Andrés' young lady to him. - -115. A predication as subject is rare: Mabúti táyo y dumoňn sa isa -ng lugŕr.... It is best (predicate) that we go to a place.... Hindí -bihíra` ang manga táo y nanghůhúle nang buhŕy na unggň`. It is not -rare that people go catching live monkeys. It will be noted that -these predications are not objectivized, cf. § 88. - -116. Occasionally, however, the predication used as subject is -objectivized: Hindí bihíra` ang magkalunňd ang manga táo. It is -not rare that people get drowned, or The occurrence that people get -drowned is not rare. Súkat nŕ ang ikŕw ay magpasalámat. It is fitting -now that you be thankful. - -117. For predications as attributes see the section on attribution. - - - -e. Omission of predicate. - -118. The use of a predicate, or of the central element of a predicate -is (like that of any other element, § 87) optional when, if used, it -would be anaphoric: (Si Hwŕn namŕn ay sumagňt: "Matŕr!" at sa hulč) -si Andrčs ang kanya ng "Sě!" (Then Juan answered "Matar!" and last) -Andrés his "Si!" The form of the sentence with the predicate (which -is anaphoric from the preceding sumagňt answered) would be: ... si -Andrčs ay isinagňt ang kanya ng "Sě!" ... Andrés was: was-answered -his "Si!", i. e. Andrés answered his "Si!",--a sentence of the kind -described in § 113. - - - -3. Attributes. - -119. We may distinguish four constructions in which an attribute -may stand: 1. Conjunctive attribution: the attribute is joined by -means of the particle na or ng: isa ng táo a person, one person; -2. Disjunctive attribution: the attribute, which is always an object -expression, stands in a special disjunctive form, ang, for instance, -being changed to nang: ang púno nang unggň` the tree of the monkey; -3. Local attribution: the attribute, which is always an object -expression, stands in a special local form, ang, for instance, -being always changed to sa: nalělígo sa ílog bathing in the river; -4. Absolute attribution: the attribute merely precedes or follows: -hindí táma` not correct. - -In a sense the last three constructions, which do not employ the -particle na, ng, stand opposed to the first, which does. Constructions -2 and 3 make it possible to speak, in a very wide sense, of three -"cases" in which an object expression may stand: "subjective" ang -ílog the river, "disjunctive" nang ílog of the river, and "local" -sa ílog in the river; but it is to be observed that these "cases" -are not confined to any class of words, but appear in any word or -phrase when it stands in the object construction. [7] - -120. In position attributes may be: - -A. Loosely joined. In this position occur only attributes of a -predicate (or of an entire non-predicative sentence). Their treatment -resembles that of a non-enclitic subject (§ 89): they either precede -the rest of the sentence with ay, y, or follow at the end of the -sentence: Doňn ay syŕ y nahigŕ`. There (doňn, loosely joined) he lay -down. Nahánap ko nŕ ang sombréro sa lahŕt nang súlok. I have looked -for the hat in every corner. The phrase beginning with sa is loosely -joined; it follows all the rest of the sentence, including even the -subject, ang sombréro. - -In the placing of enclitics a loosely joined attribute is ignored: -Pagulŕn ay gamítin mo ang kapóte. When it rains use your rain-coat. The -enclitic mň follows the first orthotonic word of the predicate (which -it modifies), not counting the loosely joined pagulŕn. - -When a loosely joined attribute precedes, the ay, y is in some cases -left off: Dahil díto tináwag nya ang kaybígan nya. Therefore he called -his friend. The position of the enclitic niyŕ shows that dahil díto -is loosely joined, but ay, y is not used. - -Occasionally a loosely joined attribute is preceded by the subject -and only one ay, y is used: Karanyúwa y ang kosinéro y upahŕn. Usually -(loosely joined) the cook is hired; but also: Ang kosinéro karanyúwa -y upahŕn. - -B. Closely joined. The attribute immediately precedes or follows that -modified: hindí táma` not correct; ang púno nang unggň` the tree of -the monkey. - -C. Enclitic. They follow immediately on the first word of the -expression modified, counting closely joined attributes, but not -loosely joined: Hindí ko nŕlŕláman. Not by-me (it) is-known, i. e. I -don't know. ang mahahába nya ng paŕ his (niyŕ enclitic) long legs. - -121. Some attributes always precede (so e. g. hindě`, § 239); others -always follow (so, for instance, disjunctive attributes, § 171). - - - -a. Conjunctive attributes. - -122. A conjunctive attribute is connected with the word or phrase -which it modifies by the atonic particle na. Normally ng takes the -place of na after a vowel, n, or the glottal stop (see Phonetics): -mabúti ng aklŕt good book, or: aklŕt na mabúti. - -However, na and ng are not exactly equivalent. Predications, longer -phrases, and, frequently, transient expressions are joined with na -even where ng is possible: isa ng malakě ng higŕnte na nalělígo` -a big giant who was bathing. - -On the other hand, some constructions use na rarely or not at all: -where ng cannot be used the particle is then omitted and we have -absolute attribution. These constructions will be described under -the latter heading. - -In the formation of compound words (see Morphology) na is never used, -while ng is a regular element. This latter circumstance sometimes -makes it difficult to determine whether a given expression is a -conjunctive phrase or a compound word. - -123. Conjunctive attributes are closely joined and either precede -or follow; for this reason it is sometimes undetermined which of the -elements connected is the attribute, which the element modified. - -124. The elements connected by conjunctive attribution are viewed -as constituting a single larger element. Conjunctive attribution is -the normal and general relation between modifier and modified and -includes relations that in many other languages (such as English) -are viewed in manifold ways. We may divide the construction roughly -into three types, although these actually merge into each other: -(1) quality, (2) manner, and (3) complement. - -Not included in this division are the cases where conjunctive -attribution alternates with absolute (§ 122), which will be treated -of under the latter heading, and a type which in meaning is so closely -parallel with disjunctive attribution that it will be more economical -to treat it under this head (§§ 165.168). - - - -(1) Conjunctive attributes of quality. - -125. Conjunctive attributes of the quality type are used chiefly in -object expressions. They have no fixed order: ang mabúti ng aklŕt the -(a) good book, or: ang aklŕt na mabúti. ang sumůsúlat na báta` the -writing child, the child that is writing, or: ang báta ng sumůsúlat. - -126. When they precede a personal name the whole expression is preceded -by ang, but when they follow si suffices: ang báta ng si Hwŕn the -child Juan, little Juan, si Hwŕ ng Talúnan Juan who is always defeated -(as a nickname). - -127. Conjunctive attributes of quality tend to precede when they are -emphatic or in contrast; when fixed they tend to follow: Ang marúnong -na pagňng at ang ulňl na unggň`. The clever turtle and the foolish -monkey. Si Hwŕ ng Pípe ay nŕkíta námin sa tulŕy. We saw Dumb Juan on -the bridge. ang báo ng babáye the lower half of the cocoanut shell, ang -báo ng malambňt the soft shell of the cocoanut, ang wíka ng Kastíla` -the Spanish language. Especially those expressing material tend to -follow: ang báhay na batň a stone house, ang koróna ng tiněk a crown -of thorns, ang atsára ng papáya papaw salad, pickled papaw, ang tinóla -ng manňk chicken stew, ang sáko ng pálay a sack of rice. A modifier -expressing the special kind always follows: ang sála ng pagnanákaw -the crime which is (i. e. of) theft, ang bísyo ng paginňm the vice -of drinking, ang larň ng taguŕn the game which consists of hiding, -the game of hide-and-seek, kanína ng umága a little while ago in the -morning, i. e. this morning, ilŕ ng óras na pagsasŕlitáan a few hours -of conversation, ang bandŕ ng kataasŕn (or: itaŕs) the direction -(which is) north, i. e. the north; so: ang bandŕ ng kababáan (or: -ibabŕ`) the south, silángan (or: sělangánan) the east, kalunúran the -west, ang gawě ng kánan the right-hand side, kaliwŕ` the left. - -128. Titles and the like precede: ang báo ng si Maryŕ the widow Maria. - -129. The personal pronouns precede their conjunctive attributes: -sila ng tatlň they three, Si Pédro ay syŕ ng tumútuktňk. Pedro is -the one who is knocking (§ 106 ff.). - -130. The demonstrative pronouns as conjunctive attributes usually -follow: ang táo ng itň this person, this man, ang tatlň ng itň these -three, Ang korbáta ng irč ay bágo. This necktie is new. - -Occasionally, however, they precede, especially with a longer -expression. In this case ang is not used (§ 64, end): ito ng súpot ko -nang kwŕlta this bag of money of mine; iyo ng úna ng kumalabňg that -first thing which made a thud; Itň ng báhay ang binili kň. This house -is what I bought, It's this house I've bought, This is the house I've -bought (§ 102 ff.). - -Under emphasis the demonstrative pronoun may both precede and follow: -ito ng táo ng itň this man here, iyo ng táo ng yaňn that man over -there. - -131. The interrogative pronouns precede; ang is not used (§ 65). See -also kaníno, § 168. The meanings of the interrogative pronouns as -conjunctive attributes are: - -síno which? (of several known people): sínu ng táo? which one? which -ones? - -alěn which? (of several known things): alě ng lugŕr which place, -which places? alě ng bandŕ? which way? (e. g. at a cross-roads) -alě ng manga búnga? which fruits? which ones of the fruits? - -anň what? what kind of? (of persons or things not known), also, in -exclamations, what...! what great...! Anu ng ílog itň? What river -is this? ano ng bandŕ? what direction? which way? (of all possible -points of the compass) anu ng táo what sort of a person? what sort -of people? who? Ano ng hína`! What weakness! - -132. The numerative pronouns mostly precede, and the use of ang -is optional (§ 66, end); ibŕ other, however, requires ang when, as -conjunctive attribute, it begins an object phrase. Of the others, -karamíhan most and the particle báwat every are not used in this -construction, and lahŕt all occurs only as modifier of the personal -pronouns, which (by § 129) precede. The particle bála any, on the -other hand, occurs only as conjunctive attribute: ang iba ng báhay -the other house, another house, sila ng lahŕt they all, all of them, -bála ng táo any person, anyone, ang bála ng táo any one (of a given -group), boň ng báyan all the town, everybody in town, ang boň ng báyan -the entire town, everybody in the town, ilŕ ng táo ng matalíno a few -intelligent men, ang ilŕ ng sandalč` a few moments. - -133. The cardinal numerals usually precede; ang is optional (§ 67): -isa ng itlňg one egg, an egg; ang isa ng itlňg the one egg. - -134. The tens, hundreds, etc. of the cardinal numerals are always -modified by isŕ one or a higher unit. The phrase so formed precedes -that counted. The higher numerals are: pů` ten, daŕn, raŕn hundred, -líbo thousand, laksŕ` million, yúta` billion: isa ng pů ng táo, -sŕ m pu ng táo ten men, ápat na raŕ ng báhay four-hundred houses. - -135. The teens are expressed by labě preceding the simple numerals -as conjunctive modifier: labě ng isŕ ng aklŕt eleven books, labě ng -tatlň ng áraw thirteen days. - -136. The Spanish numerals, however, (used in dates, § 67) follow: -ang taň ng míle-nobisyčntos-dňs the year 1902. - -137. saríle self (see § 175) is used as a conjunctive attribute in -the sense of own: Walá sya ng saríli ng baět. He has no self-respect -(literally: own respect). - -138. Of the modifiers that form expressions of indefinite quantity -all except máy precede as conjunctive attributes; for examples see § -69 f. In object expressions maláon, malakě and marámi do not differ -from normal conjunctive attributes; examples in § 70. - -139. Expressions of indefinite quantity as units may stand in -conjunctive attribution. They then have possessive value: ang háre -ng may súngay the king who had horns; ang kapútol na wala ng dáhon -the part without leaves. - -140. Conjunctive attribution includes many cases which in English -would be envisaged rather as appositions of two objects: ang báta -ng si Hwŕn the boy Juan, si Hwŕ ng Bíbas Juan the Jester, Sya y may -tánga ng pamálo`. He has hold of a stick. Tángan that grasped, thing -grasped is conjunctive attribute of pamálo` club, stick. ang magának -na sina Bantňg the Bantog family, tatlň ng magkakayibíga ng estudyŕnte -ng magkababáyan three friends (ng) students (ng) fellow-townsmen, -i. e. three student friends from the same town; ang tatlú ng -magkakaybíga ng si Pédro, si Hwŕn, at si Andrčs the three friends, -Pedro, Juan, and Andrés; ang salitŕ ng "bámos" the word "vamos". - -141. When a longer expression is used as a conjunctive attribute -of quality, it usually follows, and na is often preferred to ng: -ang parúsa na hindí mo gustň the punishment not by-you liked, -i. e. the punishment you don't like; isŕ ng usŕ ng nangěngináin sa -gúbat a deer grazing in the jungle; ang isŕ (sa manga kaybígan nilŕ) -na sya ng magíging hukňm one (of their friends) who will be judge; -cf. the predicates described in § 106. ang manga kúra na sya ng manga -maliliět na háre` the priests (who are) those (who are) little kings, -i. e. the priests, those veritable little kings. - -142. An object expression is frequently followed by an entire -predication of the type described in § 113, as conjunctive attribute: -Ang tagahúle ay isa ng táo ng ang katungkúlan ay humúle nang ano mŕn o -síno mŕn. A catcher is a person (whose) duty is to catch anything or -anyone. ang manga púno-ng-káhoy na masasarŕp ang búnga trees (whose) -fruits are tasty; isa ng táo ng malakě ang kapangyaríhan a person -(whose) power is great. - - - -(2) Conjunctive attributes of manner. - -143. Conjunctive attributes of manner precede or follow. When they -precede a predicate they stand as the first orthotonic word and are -immediately followed by enclitics (such as an enclitic subject pronoun, -§ 89), after which comes the na or ng, and then the central element of -the predicate: Syŕ y mabúte ng tumugtňg. She plays (music) well. This -example illustrates the identity of conjunctive attributes of manner -and of quality, for mabúte ng tumugtňg may be looked upon indifferently -as a transient predicate (§ 92) with mabúte well as attribute of -manner, or as an indefinite object predicate (§ 109) a good player, -in which mabúte good is an attribute of quality. Other forms of -the same sentence are: Mabúti sya ng tumugtňg. (siyŕ enclitic), -Syŕ y tumugtňg na mabúti. So further: Isípin mo ng mabúti. Consider -it well. Literally: Be-considered by-you (mň enclitic) well. Iyňn -ay tůtúbo na mabúti. It will grow well. Silŕ y magkakasáma ng -nagsipamarěl. They as-companions (i. e. in company, together) went -hunting. Or: They were companion (quality) hunters. Madalí sya ng -tumakbň. Quickly he ran. Talagŕ ng mahigpět ang tapňn nang bóte ng -iyŕn. The stopper of that bottle is certainly tight. Mahigpět tight, -as central element of the predicate, is modified by talagŕ fated, -by fate, by nature, certainly. Putikŕ ng dumatěng si Salaměn sa -báhay. "Mirror" (as name of a dog) came home all muddy. Or: ... was a -muddy comer. Paputňl nya ng tinagŕ` ang bisěg ni Hwŕn. He cut Juan's -arm transversely. Kinalaykay kň ng patipňn ang manga sangŕ ng maliliět -nang káhoy. I raked into-a-heap the twigs of-the trees. - -144. A phrase of more than one word usually follows that modified; -frequently na is used instead of ng: Nádala nyŕ na hindí sinásadyŕ` -sa kanya ng pagalěs ang áki ng páyong. Was-taken by-him not intendedly -in his departing my umbrella, i. e. In leaving he inadvertently took -my umbrella. - -145. The numerative pronoun lahŕt is used as a conjunctive attribute of -manner in the sense of entirely, completely. It follows that modified: -Ang manga lalagyŕn ay půnúa ng lahŕt. The containers are entirely full. - -146. Expressions of indefinite quantity as conjunctive attributes -of manner follow: Ang manga táo ay nagtakbúha ng walŕ ng túto. The -people all ran without order, in disorder. - -147. The particles lubhŕ` very and lálo` more usually precede: Lubhŕ -ng malakě ang gálit ni Pédro. Pedro's wrath was very great. Lálu ng -lumakě ang kanya ng gálit. His wrath grew still greater. - -148. The particle mulí` again follows: Tátakbo sya ng mulě`. He will -run again. Ang kamakalawŕ ay hindí na dárating na mulč`. The day -before yesterday will never come again. - -149. A conjunctive attribute of manner may express the time throughout -which: Syŕ y nanggupět at nangáhit na maláo ng panahňn. He did -hair-cutting and shaving for a long time. Silŕ y nagtítira na tatlu -ng áraw. They stay three days. May ila ng bwŕ ng ang manga útos ay -mahihigpět. For several months (literally: having several months, § -69, end) the orders were strict. - -150. A word repeated as its own conjunctive attribute of manner -expresses a high degree (intensity): Sya y bingě. He is deaf. Sya -y bingě ng bingě. He is stone deaf. Inět si Pédro. Pedro is hot, -is angry. Inět na inět si Pédro. Pedro is in a rage. líhim na líhim -very secretly, malakě ng malakě very large. - - - -(3) Conjunctive attributes as complements. - -151. The general sphere of conjunctive attribution includes cases where -one element involves another as result or content. The latter follows -and is in many instances plainly viewed as the attribute. In some -instances, however, the former may just as well be looked upon as a -modifier, usually of quality, sometimes also of manner. The transition -from these latter types to that of the complement appears, indeed, -in all possible stages, and no real boundary can be drawn. Sya y -mabúti ng tumugtňg (nang piyáno). She is a good player (of the piano), -or She plays (the piano) well,--see § 143--can be analyzed also: She -is good that (she, anaphoric subject omitted, § 87) plays the piano; -and in some instances this last analysis is the only possible one. - -Other examples illustrating the merging of the three types we -have set up are the following: Malápit na siya ng makatápos nang -karéra. He was already near that (he) end his course, i. e. near -ending his course, almost through his course; or: a near ender, -cf. isa ng báya ng malápit a near-by town. Ang pagmamarúnong ni Hwŕn -ay ginágawa ng katatawanŕn nang manga nakŕkŕkilála sa kanyŕ. Juan's -pretending to be wise is made fun of by those who know him, literally: -... is-being-made (ginágawŕ`) that (it) is a laughing-stock, or else: -... a being-made laughing-stock. Cf. ang gawě ng húkay the to-be-made -ditch, i. e. the ditch that is to be made, where only the quality -interpretation is possible. Magtúlin ka ng lumákad. Walk faster. This -can be interpreted as Be a fast walker, or Walk faster, or Be-quick -that (you) walk; and this last interpretation comes nearest to the -original in so far as magtúlin is an active transient form used -in commands rather than an expression suited to an idea of quality -or of manner. Sya y nagdŕdahilŕ ng may sakět. He alleges that (he) -is sick. Ang pagsakŕy sa kabáyo ay hindí magaŕ ng pagarálan. Riding -horseback is not easy that (it) be-learned, i. e. not easy to learn, -or: not an easy thing-to-be-learned. ang pinakamahúsay na magsalitŕ` -nang Latěn the best that (he) should speak Latin, or: the best speaker -of Latin; Hwag kŕ, Hwŕn, pumásuk na sekréta. Don't go as a spy (or to -be a spy), Juan. Ginawá nya si Hwŕn na barbéro nang háre`. Was-made -by-him Juan that (he) be barber of-the king, i. e. He made Juan barber -royal. Si Hwŕn ay pinamŕmagatŕn nang marámi na isa ng doktň. Juan is -reputed by the people that (he) is (i. e. as) a learned man. - -152. The simplest cases are those where both of the expressions -connected by na, ng refer to the same person or thing, as in the -above examples. The following are less doubtful cases of complement -construction of this kind: Nagpůpumílit sya ng mŕtúto. He strives to -get educated. Si Hwŕn at si Maryŕ ay nagkásundo ng pakasŕl. Juan and -Maria have agreed that they (i. e. to) get married. Inanyáhan silŕ -ni Hwŕn na magpasyŕl. They were invited by Juan that they (i. e. to) -go walking. Maári mo ngŕ ng ihúlug sa koréyo ang áki ng súlat? Can -you please mail my letter? Literally: maári ... ng ihúlug a possible -thing-to-be thrown or capable that (it) be thrown. Naŕári akň ng malígo -makálawa maghápon. I am able that (I) bathe (i. e. to bathe) twice -a day. Pinabayáan niya kamě ng umalěs. We were permitted by him to -depart. Hinantŕy nya ng matápus ang mísa. The mass was-awaited by-him -that it end, i. e. He waited until the mass was ended. Anň ang gustu mu -ng sabíhin? What is desired by-you that (it) be-said? i. e. What do you -mean to say? Hindí ko gustň ng mŕkatálo si Hwŕn. Not by-me desired that -(he) be-opposed is Juan, i. e. I don't want Juan to be my opponent. - -153. Clear cases of the complement construction are those in which -the two elements connected refer to different persons or things: -Nagyayá sya ng umuwč`. He advised that (they, anaphoric) go home. (34, -12.) Ang pagkámasěd nya sa lángit ay syŕ ng nagpakilála sa kanyŕ na -úulŕn. His glance at the sky was what showed him that (it, see § 84) -was going to rain. - -154. When the former of the two elements is an object expression (or -similar element) the complement construction is evident: ang kaibigŕ -ng mŕtúto the desire that (he) get educated, i. e. the desire to -get an education. ang pagkágusto nyŕ na kumáin nang nyňg his desire -that (he) should-eat cocoanuts, i. e. to eat.... Anu ng tagŕl nya ng -sumísid! What endurance of-him that (he) stay under water! i. e. How -long he stays under water! Ano ng hína mo ng lumákad! What slowness -of-you that (you) walk! i. e. How slowly you walk! Ang tagasulsč ay -isa ng babáye ng may katungkúla ng manahě` o manulsč nang manga púnit -nang damět. A darning-woman is a woman having the duty that (she) patch -or mend the small holes in clothing, i. e. ... whose duty is to.... - -155. A further sign that the speech-feeling envisages the complement -construction as different from the constructions of quality or -manner appears when enclitics follow the first word of the complement -(i. e. of the second of the connected elements) rather than the first -word of the sentence: this shows that the complement is viewed as a -relatively independent element within the sentence: Maári ngŕ ng ihúlug -mo sa koréyo ang áki ng súlat? Should-be-capable that (it) be-thrown -by-you into the mail (predicate) my letter (subject)? i. e. Can you -please mail my letter? Cf. under § 152 above. - -156. Very frequently the complement is an entire predication: ang -panukála` na ang púno` ay tůtúbo` the thought that the tree will -grow; pagkátanaw nyŕ na dumárating ang susň` (at the) seeing by-him -i. e. when he sees that the snail is arriving; ang áraw na kayň ay -dápat magsipagsísi the day that (i. e. when) you ought to repent; -Nagkŕkapálad ang manůnúbok na mŕkíta nya ang kúlam. The spier has the -good fortune that be-seen by-him the magic principle, i. e. ... to -see.... - -157. A predication as complement is often parallel with a disjunctive -object modifier, i. e. with an object expression used as direct, -instrumental, or local object (§ 184 ff.): Sya y nagsábi ng sya -y marúnong gumupět nang buhňk. He said that he knew how to cut -hair. Ang bulŕg ay nagakála ng gawě ng katatawanŕn ang pagkahúlog nang -kúba`. The blindman thought that the falling of the hunchback should -be made (sc. niyŕ by-him, anaphoric) that (it) be a laughing-stock, -i. e. decided to make fun of the falling ...; that which one says or -thinks, with sábi and akála`, is also expressed as a direct object. - -158. Similarly, predications as complements are, in impersonal -constructions, parallel with a subject: Sinábi nya ng sya y marúnong -gumupět nang buhňk. Was-said by-him that he was able to cut hair, -i. e. He said he knew how to cut hair. Hindí bihíra` na ang isa ng -táo y pamagatŕ ng médiko-ng-mangkukúlam. It is not rare that a man is -reputed as a witch-doctor. Cf. the example of predication as subject -in § 116. Hinilěng nya sa unggň` na dikdikěn sya sa lusňng. It was -begged by him of the monkey that he be brayed in the mortar, i. e. He -begged the monkey to bray him in the mortar. Pinabayáan niya na kamě -y umalěs. It was allowed by him that we depart, i. e. He allowed us -to depart, a less usual form than that in § 152. Totoo ngá na akň -y naparoňn sa Balíwag. It is true that I went to Baliwag. Maŕári pú -ba ng kayň y maghintň`? Will it be possible please that you should -stop? i. e. Can you please stop? Inísip nya ng magnákaw sa isa -ng tindáhan. It was planned by him that (he) rob a shop, i. e. He -planned to.... Iniyútus nya ng humúkay. It was ordered by him that -(one, see § 86) should dig, i. e. He ordered people to dig. Hindí -mo gustň ng mŕhúle ka. Not by-you it-is-desired that you be-caught, -i. e. You don't want to be caught. - -159. A direct quotation may have the same construction as a -predication: Sinábi nya ng "Bámos!" It-was-said by-him, namely -"Vamos!" i. e. He said "Vamos!" - - - -b. Disjunctive attributes. - -160. Only object expressions are used as disjunctive attributes, -and all object expressions have a special form for this use. - -161. Those beginning with ang substitute for this particle the atonic -particle nang: ang púno nang unggň` the tree of the monkey, ang laruwŕn -nang báta ng si Hwŕn the toy of the boy Juan; little Juan's toy, toys. - -162. Those beginning with si (§§ 59. 126) substitute for this -the atonic particle ni; those beginning with sinŕ (or silŕ, § 60) -substitute nilŕ (or ninŕ), pretonic: ang amŕ ni Hwŕn Juan's father, -ang báhay nila Hwŕn the house of Juan and his family. - -163. The personal pronouns as disjunctive attributes take the -following forms: kň my, nitŕ of us two, nátin our (inclusive), -námin our (exclusive); mň thy, niniyň, ninyň your; niyŕ, nyŕ his, -her, nilŕ their. - -The monosyllabic forms kň and mň are always enclitic, the others -usually: Hindí ko nŕlŕláman. I don't know, literally: Not by-me (it) -is-known. ang báhay nya his, her house, ang mahahába nya ng paŕ his -long legs, ang hindí karanyúwa ng talíno nyŕ his unusual talents -(niyŕ not enclitic). - -164. When these enclitics meet an enclitic subject, they precede, -unless by the general rule (§ 47) the monosyllabic subject kŕ -precedes a disyllabic disjunctive (including niyŕ, nyŕ): Saŕn mo sya -nŕkíta? Where by-you he was-seen? i. e. Where did you see him? Binigyŕn -nya akň nang aklŕt. Was-given by-him I a book, i. e. He gave me -a book. Baká mo iyŕn mŕbúlag. Perhaps by-you it might-be-blinded, -i. e. See that you don't blind it. Hindí ka námin dinatnŕn. Not you -by-us were found-there, i. e. We did not find you in. - -165. The personal pronouns have another form, which is used as -a conjunctive attribute of quality (cf. § 124, end) and always -precedes that modified: its meaning, however, is the same as that of -the disjunctive forms just given. These prepositive forms are: ákin -my, kanitŕ thy and my, átin our (inclusive), ámin our (exclusive); -iyň thy, iniyň, inyň your; kaniyŕ, kanyŕ his, her, kanilŕ their, -kaní-kanilŕ their respective, several, various. - -Examples: Anň ang iyo ng ngálan? What is your name? or: Anň ang ngálan -mo? ang áki ng amŕ my father, or: ang ama kň, ang kanya ng báhay his, -her house, ang kanyŕ ng mahahába ng paŕ his long legs, ang kanitŕ -ng kwaltŕ our money (i. e. thine and mine), ang kaní-kanilŕ ng báhay -their several houses. - -Only a demonstrative pronoun modifier precedes these prepositive forms: -iyŕ ng iyo ng sambalílo ng lúma` that old hat of yours. Exceptions -are rare: ang karanyúwa ng kanila ng kantahěn their usual song; -what they usually sing. - -166. The demonstrative pronouns, whether standing alone (§ 64) -or as modifiers at the beginning of an object expression (§ 130), -have the following disjunctive forms: nirč of this (right here), -nitň of this, niyŕn, nyŕn of that, niyňn, nyňn, noňn of that (over -there). Ang kúlay nirě ng korbáta ng irč ay nŕpŕpagítan sa itčm at -sa pulŕ. The color of this necktie (I have on) is between black and -red. ang dúlo nitň the end of this, ang anŕk niyňn that one's child -(e. g. with pointing gesture), ang báhay niyo ng táo ng yaňn the house -of that man over there, ang anŕk noo ng táo ng iyňn the child of that -man over there. The form noňn is used chiefly when the disjunctive -attribute expresses time (§ 192). - -167. The interrogative pronoun síno, whether used alone or standing -first in an object expression as attribute (§ 131), has the disjunctive -form níno whose? This form, however, is little used, for, while the -interrogative pronoun is usually emphatic and tends to come first -(§ 96), a disjunctive attribute follows that modified (§ 171). Hence -the form níno is used only under peculiar conditions of emphasis: Ang -sambalílo níno? Whose hat (did you say)? Ibinigŕy sa iyň níno? Given -to you by whom? Sinábi sa iyo níno? Told to you by whom? - -168. Instead of níno a prepositive form, kaníno, explicit plural -kaní-kaníno, is ordinarily used; like the prepositive forms of -the personal pronouns it stands in conjunctive attribution and -precedes that modified. Before it the use of ang is optional (§§ -65.131); when ang is used the expression is more definite: Kaníno -ng sambalílo? Whose hat? (the ownership of a given hat is inquired -after) Ang kaníno ng sambalílo? Whose hat? (the ownership of each -hat is known; the question asks merely which of them is involved) -Kaníno ng aklŕt iyŕn? Whose book have you there? - -169. The prepositive forms of the personal pronouns and of síno are -used also as static predicates expressing possession: Ang librň ng -binŕbása mo kahápon ay ákin. The book you were reading last night is -mine. Kaníno ang aklŕt na iyŕn? Whose is that book? Kaní-kaníno ang -manga báhay na itň? Whose are these houses? The personal pronouns -may be followed by saríle own (cf. § 137): Ang laruwŕ ng itň y áki -ng saríle. This toy is my own. - -170. All other expressions which lack ang,--that is, the remaining -interrogative pronouns, the numerative pronouns, the cardinal numerals, -and object expressions in which these as modifiers stand first (§ -131 ff.),--prefix nang, atonic, when used as disjunctive attributes: -Sa itaŕs nang anň? On top of what? Takěp nang alě ng kahňn itň? Of -which box is this the cover? ang panukálŕ nang karamíhan the opinion -of the majority; Nakŕkíta akň nang isa ng táo. I saw a man. - -171. All disjunctive attributes are closely joined and follow that -which they modify. The only exceptions are the enclitic pronoun forms -and expressions of time (§ 192). A disjunctive attribute precedes a -subject: Binigyŕn nya nang aklŕt si Hwŕn. He gave Juan some books. When -the subject is enclitic, it of course precedes: Binigyŕn nya si Hwŕn -nang aklŕt. Real exceptions, in which a non-enclitic subject precedes -a disjunctive attribute, are not common: Ipinakěkipagpútol ni Hwŕn si -Pédro nang labňng. Juan is asking someone to cut some bamboo-shoots -for Pedro. - -172. In meaning disjunctive attribution includes almost all cases -in which an object element is viewed as the attribute of another -element in the sentence. The only exception is the sphere of relations -expressed by local attribution (§ 195 ff.). The meanings may, very -roughly, be divided into seven groups: (1) possessive-partitive, (2) -agent, (3) direct object, (4) instrumental object, (5) local object, -(6) manner, (7) time. - -173. (1) Possessive-partitive modifier: ang kanya ng báhay, ang -báhay nya his house, ang púno nang unggň` the tree of the monkey, -ang púno nang káhoy the tree (literally head of wood), ang púno nang -ságing the banana-tree, Sa itaŕs nang anň? On top of what? Nasúnog -ang kalahátě nang púno`. Half of the tree got burned up. Ang báyad -sa útang ni Pédro ay lábis nang dalawŕ ng píso. The payment made to -settle Pedro's debt is too great by two pesos. ang óras nang alaskwátro -the hour of four o'clock, Isŕ ng sundálo ng marúnung nang Latěn. A -soldier who knew Latin, literally: having-knowledge of Latin. ang -sáko nang pálay a rice-sack (cf. § 127), ang larú nang baráha a game -of cards, cf. ang larň ng taguŕn (§ 127) a game consisting of hiding, -hide-and-seek, ang katapusŕn nang gabě the end of the night; cf. ang -katapusŕ ng gabě the night which was the end, the last night, ang -ilŕ ng sandalě nang pagsasŕlitáan a few moments of the conversation; -cf. ang ilŕ ng sandalě ng pagsasŕlitáan a few moments (which consisted) -of conversation. Note: ang báyan nang Balíwag the town of Baliwag, -ang prověnsya nang Pampŕnga the province of Pampanga. - -174. The pronoun lahŕt as an object expression is followed by this -kind of attribute: lahŕt nang táo all (of) the people. - -175. As an object expression saríle self is modified by disjunctive -pronouns: ang kanyŕ ng saríle his self. Similarly saríle as conjunctive -attribute, in the sense of own: Walá sya ng baět sa kanya ng saríli. He -does not do even himself any good. ang saríle nila ng bŕnda nang -músika their own band of music; Ang kanya ng saríli ng barěl ang -kanya ng ginámit. It was his own gun he used, What he used was his -own gun. Cf. §§ 137 and 169, end. - -176. The modifier may be an entire predication: sa lugŕr nang magkasirá -silŕ in place of the (occurrence that) they should become enemies, -i. e. instead of their becoming enemies. - -177. Here belongs further the disjunctive attribute with words -expressing association, companionship, or equality: Si Hwána ay -siyŕ ng kabůlúngan ni Maryŕ. Juana is the one with whom Maria is -whispering. Ang mésa ng itň ay kasingkúlay nang kahňn. This table is -of the same color as the chest. Si Hwŕn ay kapantŕy ni Pédro. Juan -is of the same height as Pedro. Kalákip nang súlat ko ng itň ay limŕ -ng píso. Enclosed with this my letter are five pesos. gáya ko like me. - -178. Similar is the use of a disjunctive modifier expressing one of -the objects, with expressions involving dual or plural ideas: silŕ -ni Maryŕ they with Maria, i. e. Maria and he (88,42), silŕ ng dalawŕ -ni Maryŕ (92,17). - -179. Here belongs the disjunctive attribute in exclamatory sentences -expressing the high degree of a quality; these are formed with anň -(§ 131) and with words with prefix ka- (§ 76): Ano ng hína mo! What -weakness of-you! i. e. How weak you are! Anu ng luwŕt nang hindí -nya pagdatěng! What duration of his not arriving! i. e. How long he -is getting here! Kapulŕ nang panyo ng iyňn! What-great-redness of -that handkerchief! i. e. How red that handkerchief is! Karúnong nang -báta ng si Hwŕn! How much little Juan knows! Kaytipěd na báta` ni -Hwŕn! How-saving a child of Juan! i. e. What an economical boy Juan is! - -180. In the preceding and related constructions the attribute may be an -entire predication: Kamuntí nang mŕtamaŕn ang báta`! What-little-lack -of the (occurrence that) the child should-be-hit! i. e. How near -the child came to being hit! Muntí nang máliguwak ang dala nyŕ ng -pulňt. Little-wanting of-the (occurrence that) should-be-spilled -the borne by-him honey, i. e. The honey he was carrying came near -being spilled. - -181. (2) A disjunctive attribute expressing the agent corresponds -in sense to the subject of an active transient predicate. When it -modifies a transient word, the corresponding active can be formed: -Sinúlat nya ang líham. He wrote the letter; literally: Was-written -by-him (agent) the letter. Isinúlat nya ang kwčnto. He wrote down the -story. Sinulátan nya akň. He wrote to me. The corresponding active -is: Syŕ y sumúlat.... He wrote.... Cf. § 92. So further: Pinútol -nya ang káhoy. The wood was cut by him; active: Syŕ y pumútol nang -káhoy. He cut some wood. Kinúha nya ang librň. The book was taken -by him; active: Syŕ y kumúha nang librň. He took some book. Áki ng -binitíwan ang bóte. By-me was-let-go-of the bottle, i. e. I let go of -the bottle; active: Bumitěw akň.... Ang hinirŕm nya ng kampět ay iyo -ng kúnin. The borrowed by-him (agent) kitchen-knife by-you (agent) -is to be taken, i. e. Take the kitchen-knife he borrowed. - -When the word modified is not transient no clear line can be drawn -between disjunctive attributes of agent and of possessor: ang kanyŕ -ng pagdatěng his arrival, his arriving, or: the arriving by him, -ang gámit nya ng librň the book used by him, ang paupó ni Hwŕ ng -sůgálan the gambling-party invited by Juan, ang dala nyŕ ng pulňt -the honey he is or was carrying, Ang larň ng taguŕn ay gustň nang -manga báta`. The game of hide-and-seek is liked by children. Hindí ko -gustň ang librň ng itň; ibŕ ang áki ng gustň. I don't want this book; -it is a different one I want. - -182. When disjunctive agent is the speaker (kň by me or its substitute -áki ng) and the subject is the person addressed (ikŕw, kŕ thou), the -pronoun kitŕ usually takes the place of both. This is the commoner -value of kitŕ (cf. § 63): Sůsungangáin kitŕ. I'll smash your face; the -subject of this direct passive expression is the person addressed, the -agent the speaker: Ikŕw ay áki ng sůsungangáin would be an unidiomatic -equivalent. Ipaglálaba kitŕ nang damět. I shall wash your clothes for -you. The predicate is instrumental passive, with you, the person for -whom, as subject. Hŕhatdan kitŕ nang gátas. I shall deliver milk to -you; local passive. - -Occasionally the agent is redundantly added: Kitŕ ay áki ng -parůrusáhan. I shall punish you. - -183. A disjunctive agent is used with the words expressing recent -completion of an act with prefix ka- and reduplication: (§ 77): -Karárating ko pa lámang! I have only just arrived. Kakŕkáin ko pa -lámang! I have only just finished eating. - -184. (3) A disjunctive attribute expressing the direct object -corresponds to the subject of a direct passive transient predicate: Sya -y kumáin nang kánin. He ate some boiled rice. Passive: Kináin nya ang -kánin. Was-eaten by-him the boiled rice, i. e. He ate the boiled rice. - -It will be seen that when the direct object is definite it is more -likely to serve as subject of a passive predicate (§ 94); hence -the disjunctive attribute expressing a direct object has often an -indefinite partitive value. Syŕ y sumúlat nang líham. He wrote some -letters. Syŕ y pumútol nang káhoy. He cut some wood. Bigyŕn mo akň -niyŕ ng túbig. Give me some of that water. Katátagpi ko niyňn! I -have just finished mending that! Sya y naghintŕy nang sŕsabíhin nang -sundálo. He awaited that which was going to be said by the soldier. - -185. (4) A disjunctive attribute expressing the instrument corresponds -to the subject of an instrumental passive transient predicate: -Syŕ y sumúlat nang kwčnto. He wrote down a story, stories. Passive: -Isinúlat nya ang kwčnto. Was-written-down by-him the story, i. e. He -wrote down the story. - -The indefinite value of the disjunctive attribute is here due to the -same relation as in the preceding type. Pinútol nya nang gúlok ang -káhoy. The wood was cut by him with a bolo; instrumental passive: -Ipinútol nya nang káhoy ang gúlok. Was-used-for-cutting by-him of -wood the bolo, i. e. He cut wood with the bolo. Binigyŕn nya akň nang -aklŕt. He gave me a book. - -186. So a direct quotation or an entire predication: Ang bulŕg -ay sumigŕw nang "Tatlň!" The blindman shouted "Three!"; passive: -Isinigŕw nang bulŕg ang "Tatlň!" Ang báwat isa sa kanilŕ ay sumagňt -nang súngay ang kanila ng nŕkěkíta. Each one answered that horns were -what they saw. - -187. (5) Disjunctive attributes of place correspond to the subject of -a local passive transient predication: Syŕ y pumanhěk nang báhay. He -entered a house; passive: Pinanhikŕn nya ang báhay. He entered the -house. Ang pagňng ay nagumpisŕ nang pagsisigŕw. The turtle began (a) -shouting; passive: Inumpisahŕn nang pagňng ang pagsisigŕw. - -These attributes are in meaning rather close to local attributes -(§ 203); as opposed to the latter they are, however, the real -correspondents of the subject of a local passive transient predication, -expressing a real participation of the object in the action or -occurrence,--whereas the local attributes express the place of the -action as something more or less unaffected and independent. - -188. (6) Disjunctive attributes of manner do not correspond to any -kind of subject. When they are used with a transient word the sentence -may, however, be reversed so as to make of the attribute a transient -predicate of a sentence in which the action (as subject) is spoken -of as being "made such and such". Tumakbň sya nang matúlin. He ran -fast. The words nang matúlin are the disjunctive form of an object -expression, ang matúlin, which would resemble German das schnelle. Our -sentence corresponds to: Tinulínan nya ang pagtakbň. Was-made-fast -by-him his running, He ran fast. Syŕ y tumáwa nang malakŕs. He -laughed aloud, cf. Inilakas nyŕ ang pagtáwa. He made his laughing -loud. ... mŕnákaw nang hindí nito nŕlŕláman should be stolen in the -manner of not by-him known, i. e. should be stolen without his knowing -it. mataŕs nang kauntč` higher by a little, a little higher. - -189. Expressions of indefinite quantity are used in this way: Silŕ -y nagtakbúhan nang wala ng hintň`. They ran without stopping. This -construction is in rivalry with that of conjunctive attribution -(§ 146). - -190. The demonstrative pronouns and the interrogative pronoun anň are -not used as attributes of manner; for this value they have separate -derivatives: ganitň, ganiyŕn, gayňn or ganoňn, and gaáno or gáno. These -forms, moreover, occur also as static predicates and as conjunctive -attributes of quality: ang báwat sumagňt nang ganitň every one who -answered in this way; this could be viewed also as an instrumental -object. Ganitň ang kalŕgáyan nilŕ. Their condition was like this. ang -ganitň ng manga paglalarň` such games as this; Ganyŕn ba lámang ang -kínis mo? Is your skill merely like that? Nakŕsúlat akň kay Hwŕn nang -gayňn dahilŕn sa malakě ko ng pagkagálit. I came to write like that -(or such things, cf. instrumental object) to Juan through my great -anger. Ganoňn ang áki ng pagkáriněg. That was the way (i. e. the form -in which) I heard the thing. Ang gayů ng pananalitŕ` that manner of -speaking, that expression. gánu ng pagpílit? how much effort? Gaáno ang -pagkakagalět nila? How great, how serious is their quarrel? (Cf. § 96). - -191. A special case of the disjunctive attribute of manner is the -repetition of a word as its own disjunctive modifier, expressing -continuity or insistence of action: Humábŕ nang humába`. It grew -longer and longer. Ang kanila ng báon ay umuntí nang umuntě`. Their -provisions grew less and less. Si Hwŕn ay táwa nang táwa. Juan laughs -and laughs. Bilě nang bilě si Hwŕn nang pálay. Juan keeps buying rice. - -192. (7) Disjunctive attributes of time express the time when of an -occurrence in the past. They differ from other disjunctive attributes -in being often loosely joined, in which case they may precede. Pumaroňn -sila nang hápon. They went there in the afternoon. So: nang umága -in the morning, noň ng tagáraw (nang taň ng míle-nobisyčntos-dňs) -in the summer (of the year 1902). Nang umulŕn ay ginámit ko ang -kapóte. When it rained I used my rain-coat. Nŕlákad sina Pédro nang -hindě óras. Pedro and his party had to start at a time not planned; -literally: when not time. - -193. Complete predications as disjunctive attributes of time are -common. It is as though the whole predication were objectivized: -Nang dumatěng ako doňn ay sya y walá na. When I arrived there he -was already gone. Noo ng sya y bágo ng táo pa lámang.... When he was -still but a young man.... - -194. Anaphorically determined disjunctive attributes are often -omitted. Íbig nya ng kánin ang súha`. Desired by-him that -be-eaten (by-him) the grape-fruit, i. e. He wants to eat the -grape-fruit. Nanghingí sya sa kanya ng manga kapatěd. He asked his -brothers and sisters (for some). Hindí nila sya binigyŕn. He was not -given (any) by them, They did not give him any. - - - -c. Local attributes. - -195. An object expression in local attribution expresses a local -circumstance of that which is modified, such as the place in, to, -or from which, that from whose midst, that about which or owing to -which, the person to whom, etc. - -196. In this construction initial si is replaced by kay (atonic), -sinŕ by kinŕ (pretonic), and ang by sa (atonic); object expressions -which begin with none of these particles take sa: Si Pédro ay galět -kay Hwŕn. Pedro is angry at Juan. Nakitúluy kamě kina Pédro. We asked -hospitality of Pedro's family. Syŕ y nanáog sa báhay. He came out of -his house. sa boo ng báyan in the whole town. - -Rarely both sa and kay precede a personal name: Itň y nŕtúto sa kay -Mayčstro ng Hwŕn. This one got his training from Teacher Juan. ang -pagkŕbúhay nang médiko sa kay Hwŕn the doctor's saving of Juan's life. - -197. The personal pronouns and síno take their prepositive forms after -sa: Ibinigŕy nya sa ákin ang aklŕt. Was-given by-him to me the book, -i. e. He gave me the book. - -198. In a peculiar construction these prepositive forms are preceded -by the particle ganŕ as a conjunctive attribute, in the sense of so -far as ... is concerned: Sa ganŕ ng ákin sya y maŕári ng umalěs. So -far as I am concerned he may leave. - -199. The demonstrative pronouns and anň never stand in local -attribution, see § 263 f. - -200. Whole predications are rarely used as local attributes: - -Dumatěng ang dalága ng itň sa dalawa ng pů ng taňn ang gúlang. This -young woman arrived at (the time when) her age was twenty years, -i. e. reached the age of twenty years. - -201. Local attributes are mostly closely joined and as a rule follow -that which they modify, taking precedence of a disjunctive attribute -or of a subject: ang nagbigŕy sa ákin nang aklŕt na itň the giver to -me of this book, the one who gave me this book (Bayad nŕ) ang útang -sa ákin ni Hwŕn. Juan's debt to me (has been paid). Ibigŕy mo kay Hwŕn -ang librň. Be-given by-you to Juan the book, i. e. Give Juan the book. - -Often, however, a disjunctive attribute which is felt to belong closely -to what precedes, comes before a local attribute: Bayad-útang ni Hwŕn -sa ákin ang relňs na itň. This watch is Juan's debt-payment to me. - -Occasionally the local attribute precedes the expression modified: -Syŕ y sa bangkŕ` nang manga babáe nakíkisakŕy. He goes along into the -canoe of the women. Sa kabilŕ ng bandŕ mo ibwŕl ang púno ng iyŕn. Make -that tree fall in the direction away from me. - -202. Very frequently, however, local attributes are loosely joined, -preceding or following; in the former case ay, y is sometimes omitted: -Sa Báya-ng-San-Migčl ay nangyáre ang isa ng nakawŕn. In the town of San -Miguel a robbery took place. Hindí makadádala si Pédro nang kahňn sa -kabigatŕn nilŕ. Pedro will not be able to carry any boxes, on account -of their heaviness. Sa ganŕ ng ákin sya y maŕári ng umalěs. So far -as I am concerned he can go. (§ 198). - -203. We have seen that disjunctive attribution expresses the relation -of objects (direct object, local object, instrumental object, §§ -184, 185, 187) to an action, provided that these objects are more -or less indefinite. If they are quite definite, they are preferably -made subjects in a passive construction. Frequently, however, they -are instead put into local attribution, which thus competes with these -types of disjunctive attribution, but involves a more definite object: -Ang báhay na batň ay ang áki ng pinaghŕhatdŕn nang gátas. The stone -house is the place to which I am delivering milk (instrumental object), -i. e. I am delivering milk to the stone house; but: Ang báhay na batň -ay ang áki ng pinaghŕhatdŕn sa báta`. The stone house is where I am -bringing the child. (nang báta` would be a child or children). - -It follows that the personal pronouns, which always refer to definite -persons, cannot stand as disjunctive objects of transient words, -but stand instead in local attribution: Ang báhay na batň ay ang áki -ng pinaghŕhatdŕn sa kanyŕ. The stone house is the place where I am -taking him. - -Similarly a personal name: Ibigŕy mo kay Hwŕn ang librň. Give Juan -the book; cf. Bigyŕn mo nang librň si Hwŕn. Give Juan a book; "Juan" -could not figure as disjunctive local object. - -204. In many cases, however, these local attributes differ from -disjunctive attributes and from the corresponding subjects of passive -constructions: the local attribute represents the object as more -externally involved and less thoroughly concerned in the occurrence: -Humúkay sila nang bakúran. They dug up some yards. Hinukáyan nilŕ ang -bakúran. They dug up the yard. In both sentences a serious change, -such as unauthorized tampering, is implied; but: Humúkay sila sa -bakúran. They dug in the yard, merely tells where they did their -digging. Sya y pumanhěk nang báhay. He entered a house (or houses), -perhaps illicitly; the house is viewed as in some way affected -or intimately involved in the action; so also: Pinanhikŕn nya ang -báhay. He entered the house; but: Sya y pumanhěk sa báhay. He went -into the house, He went into his house. - -205. In other cases, where a transient predicate is not involved, -the same difference appears: the local attribute is a mere scene or -attendant circumstance, the disjunctive a real factor: Ang pagtatábon -nang manga húkay na itň ay tapus nŕ. The filling up of these ditches -is now finished, i. e. These ditches are filled up now; but: Ang -pagtatábon sa manga húkay ay mahírap. Filling earth into ditches is -hard work. karamíhan nang manga táo most of the people; karamíhan sa -kanilŕ most of them; sa ganitň under these circumstances; nang ganitň -(§ 190) thus, in this manner. - -206. Expressions of time as local attributes denote future time when; -occasionally also past time: Páparoňn akň sa makalawŕ. I shall go -there the day after tomorrow. So: sa lúnes next Monday, cf. noň ng -lúnes last Monday. Pího akň ng páparoňn sa alasěngko. I will surely -go there at five o'clock. Sa gabi ng iyňn.... That night.... - -207. With jussive words with prefix pa- (see Morphology) the person -ordered to do so-and-so is viewed as a local feature: Ipinagupět ko sa -barbéro ng si Hwŕn ang buhňk ni Andrčs. Was-ordered-to-be-cut by-me -of-the barber Juan the hair of Andrés, i. e. I ordered the barber -Juan to cut Andrés' hair. - -208. Rarely an expression in local attribution is used as a conjunctive -attribute in an object expression: it precedes and has the meaning -of a disjunctive attribute of possessor: ang sa ibŕ ng táo ng kawáyan -other people's bamboo, or: ang kawáyan nang ibŕ ng táo. - -209. This construction is much commoner when that owned is -anaphorically omitted: ang sa pagňng that of the turtle, the turtle's, -i. e. ang púno nang pagňng. So: ang sa kanyŕ his, hers. - -210. In other cases anaphoric omission of an element modified by a -local attribute is less common: ang pagsakŕy sa trčn sa lugŕr nang sa -karumáta the riding on the train in place of the (sc. pagsakŕy riding) -in the carriage. - -211. A static predicate may have the form of a local attribute: Sa -linggň ang áki ng lúlan sa trčn. On (next) Sunday my embarking on the -train, i. e. Next Sunday I shall take the train. Ang uupŕ ng itň ay -sa háre`. This seat is for the king. - -212. The particle sa has a number of derivatives which are transient -in meaning, but otherwise have the same construction as sa; they are -pretonic. Sya y nása Mayníla`. He is in Manila. Sya y nása kanya -ng báhay. He is in his house. Ang tinterúhan ay nása bíngit nang -lamésa. The inkwell is at the edge of the table. For these forms -see Morphology. - - - -d. Absolute attributes. - -213. Absolute attribution, in which no particle is used, is confined to -certain expressions and types of expressions. Some absolute attributes -and some of the particles introducing absolute attributes end in -ng -or -t; these may contain the particle ng or at (§ 313). - -We may divide the cases of absolute attribution into six types, -although these are not fully distinct from one another: (1) enclitic -particles, (2) prepositive particles, (3) single words used as -attributes of manner and time, (4) absolute complements, (5) words -used with disjunctive and local attributes, (6) words introducing -subordinate phrases or predications. - - - -(1) enclitic particles. - -214. The enclitic particles which are used as absolute attributes -follow a monosyllabic enclitic pronoun (kŕ, kň, mň) but precede a -disyllabic enclitic pronoun (including niyŕ, nyŕ, siyŕ, syŕ). Among -themselves they follow the general rule: monosyllabic enclitics -precede disyllabic enclitics (§ 47). - -215. bŕ is expressive of interrogation in yes-and-no questions -and often in others: Máy-roon ba silŕ ng ginawŕ`? Have they -done anything? Máy-roon ka bŕ ng gŕgawěn? Have you anything to -do? Ipinůpútol mo ba akň nang tubň? Will you cut some sugar-cane for -me? Pinapagpůpútol ba nila syŕ nang káhoy? Does he get ordered by them -to cut wood? i. e. Do they have him cut wood? Ano bŕ ang inilůlútu -mo? What is it you are cooking? Anu ba kayň? What sort of people are -you? Hindí mu ba nŕkíta si Hwŕn sa teyátro? Didn't you see Juan at -the theatre? Ang iyo bŕ ng kapatěd? Your sister? See §§ 223. 229. - -216. bagŕ throws more stress on the interrogation: Ikŕw bagŕ y -nagasáwa? Did you (ever) get married? See §§ 290. 317. - -217. dŕw, rŕw expresses that the sentence represents the saying of -someone other than the speaker; the person so quoted may be the agent -of the sentence itself: Pagkŕ pinapagpútol mo rŕw sya nang kawáyan ay -lŕláyas syŕ. When he is ordered by you to cut bamboo, he will leave, -I am told, or: he will leave, he says. Ang paguupú raw nya sa damň ay -mabúti sa kanyŕ. He says (or: They say) his habit of sitting on the -grass is good for him. It is sometimes used pleonastically, see the -example in § 278. - -218. děn, rěn expresses that the expression modified (which may -be the whole sentence or an element within the sentence) is like a -corresponding earlier idea: Ako rěn ang nagpalígo sa báta`. It was I, -too, that bathed the child (beside the other things I did), i. e. I -also bathed the child. Si Hwan děn ang naglínis nang kabalyerésa. Juan -also cleaned a stable or stables (beside the other things he did). Si -Hwŕn ay naglínis rěn nang kabalyerésa. Juan, too, cleaned stables. Here -děn is an attribute of naglínis nang kabalyerésa: this act has been -performed by Juan even as by others previously spoken of or known -of. Si Hwána ay naglúto nang estopádo; kamakalawŕ naglútu rin akň -nang estopádo. Juana cooked meat-stew; day-before-yesterday I too -cooked meat-stew. Iyo ng úna ng kumalabňg ay akň, ang ikalawŕ ay ako -rěn. That first thing which came down with a thud was I, the second -was I again. Nahúlog děn syŕ. He fell down again. Káhit na madilěm -ang gabě ay nagpasyal děn si Pédro. Although the night was dark, -Pedro none the less (i. e. even as at other times) took a walk. - -Thus děn is especially common in expressions of identity: Kahápon -ay nakŕkíta ako nang isa ng táo sa Mayníla`, at ngayňn ay nŕkíta ko -ang táwo rě ng iyňn sa báya ng itň. Yesterday I saw a man in Manila, -and today I saw the same man in this town. - -In some instances děn modifies an element not actually identical -with another. Nagtalňn sya sa bintána`, dátapuwat sinundŕn din syŕ -nang amŕ. He jumped out of a window, but he was followed, too, by -the father. See §§ 221. 227. 238. 239. 262, (11). - -219. kayŕ` expresses doubt or possibility of choice: Anň kayŕ` -ang ipinagútos mo sa kanyŕ? What perchance did you order him to -do? Mŕpŕpagkúro` kayá nya sa súlat na iyŕn ang íbig mo ng gawěn -nya. Perhaps he may be able to make out from this letter of yours what -you want him to do. Baká kayŕ` magkaputňl ang manga tubň sa kalakasŕn -nang hángi ng itň. I am afraid that perhaps the sugar-cane may all -break off, what with the strength of this wind. - -For another use of kayŕ` see § 297; cf. §§ 317. 321. - -220. lámang only: Isŕ lámang ang mansánas na nátira sa lamésa. Only one -apple is left on the table. So: íisa lámang only a single one. Sila ng -tatlň ay walŕ ng pagkáin kung hindí ang itlňg lámang na nŕtětirŕ. The -three had no food except only the egg that was left. - -Occasionally lámang follows the expression it modifies: isa ng ikápat -na partč lámang only a fourth part. - -Sometimes a na is left off after lámang: Ákin lámang pinůputlŕn nang -buhňk. By-me (for ákin ... na, ng) only (he, anaphoric) is-getting-cut -of hair, i. e. I am only cutting his hair. siya lámang kŕkáin nang -itlňg he (who; normally this relation is expressed by na, ng) will-eat -the egg, i. e. the one who is alone to eat the egg. See §§ 227. 243. - -221. mŕn expresses contrast with what precedes; it is the opposite of -děn, and the two are often used in one sentence to emphasize the point -of difference and that of identity: Si Hwan mŕn ay naglínis (rěn) -nang kabalyerésa. Juan, too, cleaned stables (as did others). Lálů -nŕ lumakě ang gálit ni Hwŕn, nang mŕbalitáan niya ng ang ikalawŕ mŕn -nya ng anŕk ay nagsundálo rěn. Juan's anger grew even greater when he -learned that his second son too had (like the other) become a soldier. - -With interrogatives mŕn produces indefinites: Walŕ ng anu mŕn. There -is nothing at all; also: Not at all, i. e. You're welcome. ang ano -mŕ ng pasákit any kind of injury; ang alin mŕ ng pangkŕt any team; -sínu mŕn any person whatever, anyone at all. See §§ 227. 248. 262, -(7. 10). 290. 317. - -222. múna expresses that that modified precedes another thing: -Magŕwítan múna táyo, bágo táyo maghiwá-hiwalŕy. Let's sing a song -together (first) before we part. Mangáko ka múna... First promise.... - -223. nŕ takes into view the maturity of a situation (cf. German -schon): Ang librň y gamit nŕ. The book is used already, i. e. is -second-hand. Agad nŕ ng lálaměg. It will soon be cold now. Paálam na -akň (sa iyň). Good-bye (to you). Nahánap ko nŕ ang sombréro. I have -already looked for the hat. Nahánap na nyŕ ang sombréro. He has.... ang -maláon na nila ng pagpupuyŕt gabi-gabě their long staying up now -every night, i. e. the fact that they have staid up late every night -now. íisa na lámang pangkŕt only a single group now. It precedes bŕ (§ -215): Nakahandá na ba ang áki ng pangpalígo`? Is my bath ready? Gánu -ka na bŕ kakínis? How clever are you by this time? - -It is used also in brusque or familiar commands: Pálů na sa -kanya ng kamŕy! Hit him on his hand! Sáma na sa ákin. Come -to me (to a child). Ílag ka na riyŕn! Be off there! See §§ -224. 226. 227. 229. 242. 244. - -224. namŕn expresses transition to another subject, hence often -also mild contrast: Hábang si Hwána ay naglůlúto`, si Hwŕn namŕn -ay naglělínis nang báhay. While Juana is cooking, Juan cleans the -house. Anu ka ba namŕ ng táo? What sort of person are you, anyway? Ibŕ -namŕn ang gawěn mo ng lúto sa manňk. You are to cook the chicken in a -different way. siya rěn namŕn nyŕ ng karanyúwa ng kinŕkáin that which, -however, is usually eaten by him. - -The combination nŕ namŕn means again: Maínit na namŕn. It's hot again. - -225. nawŕ` pray, please expresses imprecation: Kaawaŕn nawŕ` ninyo -kamě, poo ng Dyňs! Take pity on us, O Lord! - -226. ngŕ` is assertive and emphasizing: Oo ngŕ`. Yes indeed. Ikaw -ngŕ` ang nagsábi niyŕn. You yourself are the one who said that. It -is used in polite requests: Itúru nga ninyň sa ákin ang daŕn. Please -show me the way. Ipakipútol mo ngŕ`, Hwŕn, ang tinibŕn sa áki ng -bakúran. Please, Juan, cut down for me the banana-stump in my yard. It -follows nŕ: Pakipútol na ngŕ` ang sinúlid na itň. Please cut this -string for me. See § 229. - -227. pŕ expresses the immaturity or continuance of a situation -(cf. German noch) and stands in contrast with nŕ. Its meaning is -often emphasized by lámang: mabúti pŕ better yet, Íbig ko pŕ nang -kánin. I should like some more rice. Hampasěn mo pa syŕ. Whip him some -more. Saríwŕ pa ang damět. The clothes are still wet. It precedes děn -and mŕn (cf. § 248): ang isa pa rě ng káluluwa another (i. e. one more) -soul; Hindí pa rěn lubhŕ ng maliwánag. It was, however, not yet light -enough. Kagěgísing ko pa lámang. I have only just waked up. See §§ -243. 248. - -228. palŕ, used after hindě` (§ 239), expresses contrast with one's -expectation, reversal: Ang ísip ko y balat lámang nang itlňg itň, hindí -palŕ, kun dí` itlňg na boň`. I thought this was only an egg-shell, -but no, it was a whole egg. - -229. pň` is expressive of politeness toward the person addressed: -Oo pň`. Yes, sir; Yes, ma'am. Patŕtawárin pň`! Pardon me; used also -in refusing to give alms. Patŕtawárin po nang ilŕ ng sandalč`. Excuse -me for a few moments, please. Maghintú pu kayň. Please stop (plural -or polite singular). Magsihintú pu kayň. Please stop (explicit -plural). Umupú po kayň. Please sit down. Maupú po kayň. Please be -seated. Ikinalúlungkot ko pň` ang kasawiŕ-ng-pálad na nangyáre sa -inyň. I lament the misfortune which has come to you. ang iyo pň -ng Kamŕhálan your Majesty. pň` precedes bŕ and follows nŕ and ngŕ`: -Kaawaŕn na pň` ninyo kamě, poo ng Dyňs! Take pity on us, O Lord! Maŕári -pu bŕ ng kayň y maghintň`? Can you please stop? Occasionally pň` -follows that modified: Magandŕ ng áraw pň`! Good day; How do you do? - -230. sána expresses unreal futurity in the past or doubtful futurity -in the present; in the latter sense it expresses modesty in a request: -Ipaglálaba sána kitŕ nang iyo ng damět, ngúnit walŕ` ako ng sabňn. I -would wash your clothes for you, but I have no soap. Isinúlat ko sa -kanyŕ ng pilítin sána niya ng mŕparíto sa átin, pag sya y nŕrěritň -sa báya ng itň. I wrote to him to try to get round here to us when -he gets to this town. - -231. tulňy further, in continuation: Sinábi tulňy niyŕ.... He said -further.... - -232. ulč` again, equivalent with mulě` (§ 148), has two irregularities: -it is often not enclitic but closely joined postpositive, and, in -this case, it may, entirely like mulě`, be conjunctive instead of -absolute: Nahúlog ulí sya. He fell again; but: Umakyŕt sya ulč`. He -climbed again; and even: ... nang magdaŕn sya ng ulč` sa pasíga ng -itň.... when he again walked on this beach. - - - -(2) prepositive particles. - -233. Certain particles used as absolute attributes always precede -that modified. They fall into two groups: (A) regular closely joined -modifiers, and (B) particles which immediately precede single words -or short phrases. - -234. (A) The closely joined particles usually receive regular -treatment, being followed, for instance, by enclitics. Occasionally, -however, the feeling seems to be that the particle is, as it were, -placed before the whole sentence; in this case a non-enclitic subject -or a loosely joined attribute or a second closely joined attribute may -follow the particle, and the last-named may (instead of the particle) -be followed by some or all of the enclitics. - -In the case of huwŕg (§ 240) we meet for the first time alternation -of absolute and conjunctive attribution, which mostly follows the -principle that the latter construction is used where ng (as opposed -to na) is possible (§ 122). - -235. bakŕ` is expressive of an undesired contingency; it is the -negative of wishes and fears: Baká ka maputúlan nang dalíri`, Hwŕn. You -might get your finger cut off, Juan, i. e. See that you don't ... or I -hope you won't.... Baká nya ikátawŕ ang iyo ng sŕsabíhin. Perhaps what -you intend to say will only make him laugh. Baká táyu ang pagbintangŕn -nang páre`. I am afraid the priest may suspect us. See § 317. - -236. bákit why? Bákit ka naparíto? Why have you come here? Bákit -mo inakála`...? Why do you think...? Bákit hindí ka magáral...? Why -don't you learn...? - -237. dě` not is often used instead of hindě` (§ 239) before shorter -expressions: dí maláyo` not far, dí karanyúwan unusual, Si Hwŕn ay -dí natákot na sumakŕy. Juan was not afraid to mount. See § 301. - -238. gayňn (§ 190), in this use always followed by děn (§ 218), also, -furthermore: Sya y isa ng táo ng may kauntě ng talíno at gayon děn -may kauntě ng tápang. He was a man of some cleverness and also of -some courage. - -239. hindě` not is used where the specific negatives áyaw (§ -267), bakŕ` (§ 235), huwŕg (§ 240), and walŕ` (§§ 61. 81. 89) -are not applicable. Occasionally it is replaced by dě` (§ -237). Hindě`. No. Hindí akň. (It is, was) not I; I don't, didn't, -etc. Hindí bále. It doesn't matter. Hindí ko nŕlŕláman. I don't -know. Hindí ko sya nŕkíta. I didn't see him. Hindí ko mabása iyŕn. I -can't read that. Ang túnay na lakě nang buwŕn ay hindí sya ng nŕkěkíta -nang manga táo kung gabč. The real size of the moon is not that which -people see at night. ang kanya ng tákot na baká hindí nya abúta ng -buhŕy ang kanya ng iněíbig his fear that (perhaps) he should not see -his loved one alive. - -Hindě` negates only the material part of a word, not its grammatical -(affixal) elements: Ang kamahalŕn nang manňk ay sya ng hindí ikabilě -nitň nang marámi ng táo. The high price of chicken is that which -not causes-to-buy it many people, i. e. causes many people not to -buy it; the idea of buying is the material element of i-ka-bilě (see -Morphology); the causal idea, which is expressed by the prefixes i-ka- -is not negated. Ang pagkukublě nang manga sundálo ay siyŕ nilŕ ng -hindí ikinamatŕy. The hiding of the soldiers is what caused them not -to be killed, i. e. saved them from death. - -Note hindí rěn (§ 218) also not, nor, and gayňn děn hindě` (§ 238): -Ang dalága ng si Mariyŕ y sumayŕw sa bála ng táo ng humilěng sa kanyŕ -sa sŕyáwa ng pinaroonŕn niya kagabč: sya y hindí namíli nang kanya ng -sinamáhan at hindí rin namŕn namíli nang tugtňg na kanya ng sinayawŕn; -gayon děn hindí nya ininň ang bílang at ang kadalasŕn nang kanyŕ -ng pagsayŕw. Miss Maria danced with any man that asked her at the -dance to which she went last night: she chose neither her partners -nor the music to which she danced; nor did she mind the number and -the frequency of her dances. See §§ 228. 237. 301. 319. - -240. huwŕg, hwŕg is the negative of commands, purpose, -obligation. Where ng is possible conjunctive attribution takes the -place of absolute: Ang hangŕd ay ang huwŕg bayáa ng lumagpŕk sa lúpŕ -ang bóla. The aim is not to let the ball fall to the ground. (46, -36) Sinŕsábi nya ríto na hwŕg sunúgin ang ámi ng báhay. He told -them not to burn our house. Ang túro sa ákin nang mayčstro ay hwŕg -akň ng mapagawŕy. The teacher's order to me is that I must not be -quarrelsome. Hwag mň ng tawánan si Hwŕn. Don't laugh at Juan. Hwag -kŕ ng umyŕk. Don't cry. Hwag kŕ, Hwŕn, pumásuk na sekréta. Don't go -as a spy, Juan. See § 239. - -241. kaniyŕ`, kanyŕ` therefore, as a result, consequently: Bumitěw -ang báta` sa lúbid, kanyá náparapŕ` ang kanyŕ ng kahatakŕn. The -child let go of the rope, and so the one he was pulling against -fell. Kanyŕ` hindí tulŕ` ang kanya ng kinantŕ. Therefore what he sang -was disconnected. Kanyŕ` sa katapusŕn ay sinábi nya... Therefore in -the end he said.... Occasionally it is loosely joined: Kanyŕ y sya -y umalěs. Therefore he went away. See §§ 295. 324. - -242. lálo` (§ 147), in this use always followed by nŕ (§ 223), -especially, very: Lálů na kung isa ng tahňl nang áso ang makŕgísing sa -kanya, sya y nŕpŕpaluksň. Especially when the barking of a dog awoke -him, he would involuntarily jump. Sya y nangŕngáin nang táo lálů nŕ -nang manga báta`. It makes its food of people, especially children. - -243. sakŕ` after that, then: Pagkŕ pinapagpůpútol ko nŕ sya nang -káhoy ay saká sya nagdŕdahilŕ ng may sakět. As soon as I order him -to cut wood, (then) he alleges that he is sick. - -Especially saká pa lámang (§ 227) only then, not till then: Kapag -ipinamůmútol na nya nang káhoy ang lagári` ay saká mo pa lámang kúnin -itň sa kanyŕ. When he uses the saw for cutting wood, only then do -you take it from him. - -244. tuwč` when followed by nŕ (§ 223) is used as a loosely -joined prepositive attribute: every time: Tuwí nŕ y syŕ ang nagěng -mánanalň. He turns out victorious every single time. See §§ 307. 317. - -245. (B) The particles of the second group are mechanically prefixed, -as it were, to that modified. - -246. The pretonic particle báwat every precedes that modified, forming -an object expression with or without ang (§ 66, end): Báwat marúnung -nang leksyňn ay makaáalěs pagdatěng nang alasěngko. Everyone who knows -the lesson will be allowed to leave at five o'clock. Ang báwat hindí -marúnung nang leksyňn ay mŕtětirŕ hanggŕng alasčs. Every one of those -who do not know the lesson will have to stay till six o'clock. báwat -táo everyone, each person. - -247. gaáno, gáno how? (§ 190) is used absolutely before words with -prefix ka- expressing high degree of a quality (see Morphology and -cf. §§ 76. 179): gáno katabŕ`? How fat? gáno kaláyo`? How far? Gánu -ka na bŕ kakínis? How clever are you now? - -248. The pretonic particle káhit precedes interrogatives and isŕ one -absolutely or with na; its force is generalizing, more emphatically -than mŕn (§ 221). The expression so formed is an object expression -used with or without ang (§ 68): ang káhit na síno, ang káhit síno, -káhit na síno, káhit síno anyone, anyone whatever, no matter who, -káhit anň anything whatever, káhit na anu ng táo any sort of person -whatever, káhit na sínu ng táo any person whatever, sa káhit alě ng -bandŕ in any direction, káhit isŕ anyone whatever, even one. - -These expressions are often strengthened by mŕn (§ 221) or pŕ mŕn (§ -227): Hindí na sya sumakŕy sa káhit ano pa mŕn. This time he did not -ride on anything. káhit sínu mŕn anyone at all. - -Expressions beginning with káhit have the peculiarity that in the -two normally conjunctive constructions in which they stand na, ng is -often omitted before them: - -After walŕ` (§ 138): Walá káhit anň. There isn't a thing. Walá -sila káhit anň. They haven't a thing. So even when walŕ` does not -immediately precede: Nŕbuksŕn ang pintú nang wala ng nakŕmálay káhit -sínu mŕn. The door came open without anyone noticing it. Walá pa sila -ng nŕhůhúli káhit anň. They had not yet caught anything, literally: -anything that was caught. Walá sya ng nŕlŕláman káhit isa ng hóta. He -did not know a single iota. Occasionally na, ng is used: Walá sya ng -mŕkíta ng táo ng káhit anň. He saw no person whatever. - -As (normally conjunctive, § 149) attribute of time during which: -Sya y hindí mŕtahímik káhit isŕ ng sandalč`. He cannot keep quiet -even for a single moment. See §§ 253. 294. - -249. kápuwŕ`, kápwŕ` fellow-, equally, applied to one of a pair, -is sometimes used with personal pronouns: in this case it follows -(cf. § 129): Si Pédro at si Hwŕn ay dalawa ng kápwa magnanákaw. Pedro -and Juan are two fellow thieves. ang kápwa nya magnanákaw his -fellow-thief, Kápuwa maínam ang tiněg nila ng dalawŕ. The voices of -the two are equally pleasant. Kápwa sila malakŕs. They are equally -strong. Sinŕsaktan silŕ kápuwa`. They both get hurt. Redundantly: -Namílog si Hwŕn nang úlo nang kápwa nya kalarň`. Juan fooled -(literally: rounded the head of) his (fellow) playmate. - -The word modified may be anaphorically omitted: Ang táwo y hindí -dápat sumakět nang kanya ng kápwa`. One must not injure one's fellow -(sc. táo man). - -250. The transient pretonic particle magěng and its other transient -forms (see Morphology) express that the word or phrase modified is -something coming into being, arising, at the time specified by the -tense-form of the particle: Sya y nagěng hukňm. He became judge. ang -nagěng pagkáhulč the falling-behind which arose, Nagěng isa syŕ sa -manga hindí nátanggŕp. He turned out to be one of those who were -not accepted. - -251. The pretonic particle mangŕ is the sign of explicit plurality -with object expressions. It precedes the central element immediately, -not even the na, ng necessitated by a preceding conjunctive attribute -comes between; only ibŕ may come after mangŕ: ang kanyŕ ng magúlang, -or: ang kanyŕ ng manga magúlang his, her parents, ang manga ibŕ -ng táo other people. Redundantly: Sa tapŕt nang báhay ni Pédro ay -marámi ng manga bulaklŕk. In front of Pedro's house there are many -flowers. Ang áraw ay sya ng pinópoon nang ilŕ ng manga salbáhe sa -Áfrika. The sun is worshipped by some savages in Africa. And even: -ang manga ilan pŕ ng manga tanňng several further questions. With -mangŕ compare the prefix of the same form, see Morphology. - -252. The pretonic particle máy belongs here. For examples see §§ -69. 70. 85. 110. 139. - -253. ně pretonic, is a frequent substitute (Spanish) for káhit (§ -245) in negative sentences. The object expressions which begin with it -never take ang (§ 68): Ní isa y walŕ ng nátira. There isn't a single -one left. Walá ní isa. There isn't a single one. Nŕbuksŕn ang pintú -nang wala ng nakŕmálay ně sínu mŕn. The door came open without anyone -noticing it. Walŕ ng nátira ní isa nang manga péras sa mésa. Not one -was left of the pears on the table. - -Occasionally ně seems to take the place of nang before káhit: Bákit -hindí sya makátagpo ně káhit isŕ nang manga bágay na itň? Why could -he not meet even a single one of these things? Cf. § 319. - -254. The pretonic particle tagŕ, tigŕ preceding an expression of place -forms an expression denoting a person from that place: Sya y isa ng -taga Kapampángan. He is a Pampangan. ang taga búkid, ang tiga búkid: -ang isa ng táo ng túbo sa búkid a country-man: a person raised in the -country, ang mayáma ng taga iba ng báyan the rich man from another -town, stranger, foreigner, ang manga taga iba t ibŕ ng lupaěn people -from various countries. So: taga báyan, tiga báyan townsman, taga -Filipínas Filipino, taga Amérika American, taga Espánya Spaniard -(beside Amerikáno, Kastíla`). Cf. in Morphology, the prefix taga-. - -255. Numerative pronouns and cardinal numerals are used as absolute -attributes before katáo persons, men: sa m pú katáo ten people, ten -men; or: sa m pů ng táo; Ilŕn katáo (or: Ilŕ ng táo) ang bumúhat sa -báhay? How many men lifted at the house? - -256. The terms of relationship and titles which are treated as personal -names (§ 59) precede a name as absolute attributes; after most of those -that end in a syllabic, n, or `, ng is however used. Some titles occur -only in this construction: si Kúya ng Pédro my oldest brother Pedro, -si Atč Lóleng my oldest sister Lola, si Ingkňng Píro Grandfather Pedro, -si Indŕ ng Hwána, or: si Impň ng Hwána Grandmother Juana, si Áli ng -Maryŕ, or: si Tiyŕ Maryŕ Aunt Maria, si Mŕ ng Andrčs Uncle Andrés, -Don Andrés, si Ginoň ng Polikŕrpiyo Mr. Policarpio, si Gíning Mŕrkes -Miss or Mrs. Marques, si Párě Hwŕn Father Juan, si Mayčstro ng Pédro -Teacher Pedro, Master Pedro, si Báo ng Mariyŕ Widow Maria, si nasíra -ng Mariyŕ the deceased Maria. - - - -(3) words used as absolute attributes of manner and time. - -257. The words used as absolute attributes of manner and time resemble -in meaning conjunctive attributes and are frequently used in the latter -construction. As a rule they are loosely joined and absolute. In this -way are used: - -258. Derivatives by doubling of words of time, in the sense of every -(day, night, etc.). With these goes the compound áraw-gabč day and -night. For both formations see Morphology. Hinŕhatdan nyŕ akň nang -gátas áraw-áraw. He delivers milk to me every day. Gabi-gabě ay -tinůtulúgan nang bantŕy ang áki ng báhay. Every night the sentry -makes our house his sleeping-place. - -259. Words with prefix ka- referring to past time (see Morphology): -Ang pŕtáya ng nangyári kagabě ay paglalasěng ang nagěng sanhč`. The -killing that occurred last night had drunkenness as its cause. Ang -manga áso sa báya ng itň ay nagtŕhúlan kagabč. The dogs in this town -all bayed last night. Ang kabáyo ay namatŕy kahápon. The horse died -yesterday. Pumaroňn akň kamakalawŕ. I went there day before yesterday. - -These may be followed by a disjunctive attribute telling the specific -time when: Nagsipútol kamě nang tubň kahápon nang hápon. We cut -sugar-cane yesterday afternoon. So: kahápon nang umága yesterday -morning. - -260. Words of time with prefix kinŕ- and suffix -an expressing actual -past time (see Morphology): Kinŕháti-ng-gabihŕn ay nágising syŕ. When -midnight came he woke up. Kinŕbukásan hinánap silŕ nang kanila ng -amŕ. On the next day they were called by their father. - -With disjunctive attribute telling the special time: Kinŕbukásan nang -hápun ay naparoňn sila sa simbáhan. On the next day in the afternoon -they went to church. - -261. Words of time preceded by the pronouns boň` and isŕ as conjunctive -modifiers: Sila y nagsipagsugŕl gabi-gabě boň ng magdamŕg. They -gambled all night every night. Isa ng áraw naupó sya sa taburéte. One -day he sat down on his chair. Ang iyň ng kapatěd ay nalígo isa ng -hápon. Your sister bathed one afternoon. Isa ng gabě ay nárinig -ko.... One evening I heard.... So: isa ng katanghalían one midday, -isa ng linggň one Sunday, isa ng tanghále` one noon, isa ng umága one -morning. As conjunctive attributes: Sya y naglálakad na isa ng gabě. He -was walking one night. Páparoon sya ng isa ng linggň. He will come -one Sunday. Those with boň` also as local attributes: Nakatahul nŕ -ang manga áso sa boň ng magdamŕg. The dogs have been barking all night. - -262. Various words of time: - -(1) antimáno beforehand (Spanish). - -(2) búkas tomorrow: Magpŕpapútol ba táyo nang káhoy búkas? Are we -going to have some wood cut tomorrow? With disjunctive attribute of -specific time: Magsěsipútol kamě nang tubň búkas nang umága. We are -going to cut sugar-cane tomorrow morning. - -(3) dáti for a long time already; formerly; it is sometimes closely -joined: ang mukhá nang babáye, na dáti y nagpŕpakilála nang malakě ng -paghihírap the face of the woman, which before had been showing great -suffering; Dáti náriyŕn ang mansŕ ng iyŕn. That spot has been there -for a long time. As conjunctive attribute: Dáti sya ng napŕparíto sa -áki ng báhay. He has been coming to my house since long ago. - -(4) kadalasŕn often, usually: Ang kanya ng pinasŕsakítan kadalasŕ y -nagáanyo ng pára ng ulňl. The person he is injuring usually acts as -if crazy. - -(5) kanína a little while ago, just now: Sinábi ko na pň sa inyo -kanína, na.... I just told you a little while ago that.... - -With a conjunctive attribute of the specific time in the phrase -kanína ng umága this morning, which may be closely joined: Kumáin ka -ba kanína ng umága nang karnč?--Hindí ako kumáin nang karnč kanína ng -umága. Did you eat meat this morning?--I did not eat meat this morning. - -(6) karanyúwan mostly, usually: Ang kosinéro karanyúwa y upahŕn. The -cook is usually hired. - -(7) káylan, kélan when? Káylan ako malělígo`? When shall I -bathe? Káylan pa kayŕ panghěhinayángan nang manga táo ang manga áni -ng taňn-taň y nŕsěsíra nang luktňn o nang túyot? When, pray, will -the people regret the harvests every year destroyed by locusts or -by drought? So káylan mŕn at any time, ever, always (§§ 221. 317): -Káylan mŕ y hindí nilělimútan si Maryŕ. Maria was never forgotten. - -(8) makálawŕ twice, when with maghápon per day: Naŕári ako ng malígo -makálawa maghápun, dahilŕn sa kainítan. I can bathe twice a day -on account of the heat. Alone makálawŕ is a conjunctive attribute: -Makálawa ko ng itinanůng kung saŕn sya páparoňn, dátapuwat hindí nya -ako sinagňt. I asked him twice where he was going, but he did not -answer me. Maghápon does not occur alone. - -(9) mámayŕ`, mámyŕ` after a while, soon, with a disjunctive attribute -of the specific time when: Mámyá nang kauntě` ay áalis akň. In -a little while I am going. As conjunctive modifier; the phrase so -formed is used like mámayŕ` alone: Mámaya ng gabě ay pŕpások táyo sa -teyátro. This evening we shall go to the theatre. - -(10) mínsan once, once upon a time: Mínsan sila y nakáraŕn nang isa ng -púno-ng-nyňg. Once upon a time they came across a cocoanut-tree. With -mŕn at any one time (§ 221): Mínsan mŕn ay hindí sya náuna. Not a -single time did he succeed in getting ahead. As conjunctive attribute: -Ang tatlo ng itů y nagtěpána ng mínsan. These three once made an -appointment. - -(11) ngayňn now, just now, today (cf. § 302): Sya y nása Mayníla -ngayňn. He is in Manila today. Ngayňn ay mangŕkŕkatúlog silŕ. Now -they will be able to sleep. So ngayon děn right now (§ 218): Umalěs -ka ngayon děn. Go away this minute. - -(12) paráti often: Mahína ang kanyŕ ng katawŕn at paráti sa sakět. Her -body was weak and often in sickness. Also conjunctive: Akň y paráti -ng nŕhŕhábol. I am often pursued. - -(13) siyčmpre (Spanish) always: Ang paggalŕw na pagtagílid ay syčmpre -(or: káylan mŕn ay) sa kaikliŕn nang bangkŕ`, dátapuwat ang pagtikwŕs -ay sa kahabáan. The movement of rocking is always along the short -axis of a boat, but pitching is along its length. - -263. Four words of place, which serve also as local forms of the -demonstrative pronouns (§ 199). They are, corresponding to the four -demonstrative pronouns: díne, ríne; díto, ríto; diyŕn, dyŕn, riyŕn; -doňn, roňn. They occur in every position which an attribute can have: - -Loosely joined, preceding: Doňn ay sinalúbong sya nang susň`. There -he was met by the snail. Díto nŕmálas nya ng.... Here he perceived -that.... - -Loosely joined, following: Taginit nŕ nang sya y dumating díto. It -was already summer when he arrived here. Ang alíla` ay ipinagamůt -nya díto. The servant was-ordered-to-be-cured by-him of-the-latter, -i. e. He had the latter cure the servant. Alis dyŕn! Get away -there! (e. g. to a dog). Alěs na riyŕn, Pédro. Go away from there, -Pedro. Mátira ka dyŕn. Stay there. - -Closely joined, preceding: Díne ako maúupň`. I am going to sit right -here. Díto ka na makikáin sa ámin. Eat here with us. Díto nya ginámit -ang kanya ng lakŕs. For this he used his strength. Doňn sila magpalípas -nang bakasyňn. There they are to spend the vacation. - -Closely joined, following: Hwag mň ng ilagay díto ang palatňn. Don't -put the plate here. - -Enclitic: Dalhěn mo ríto iyň ng librň ng binŕbása ko kagabě. Bring -here the book I was reading last night. Magdalŕ ka díto nang -kasapwégo. Bring some matches. - -These words often precede a local attribute: Ílag ka dyŕn sa daŕn. Get -out of the road there. Nakitúloy silŕ sa ámin doňn sa búkid. They -asked us to take them in out there in the country. Note also: Sa isa -ng karitň ng dí maláyo sa báhay, doňn sya nahigŕ` In a cart not far -from the house, there he lay down. - -264. Similarly saŕn where? which serves also instead of a local form -of anň (§ 199). It is closely joined and, as a question-word, precedes: -Saŕn nároon ang kanya ng kapatěd?--Hindí ko nŕlŕláman kung saŕn nároon -ang kanya ng kapatěd. Where is his brother?--I don't know where his -brother is. Saan nŕndon sya? Where is he? Saŕn mo sya nŕkíta? Where -did you see him? Saŕng ka maúupň`? Where are you going to sit? Saŕng -ka gáling? Where do you come from? (Cf., for the local value, the -answer, e. g.: Gáling ako sa Mayníla`. I come from Manila.) Saŕn ka -nanggŕgáling? Where are you coming from? Saŕn ka nanggáling? Where -have you come from? Saŕng ka páparon? Where are you going? Saŕn ka -púpunta? Where are you bound for? So: káhit saŕn anywhere at all -(§ 248): Itň y hindí nya mŕkíta káhit saŕn. He could not find the -latter anywhere. - -As local form of anň, saŕn stands also in conjunctive attribution (§ -131): Saŕ ng gawč` mulá ríto ang báya-ng-Kamálig?--Sa gawě ng kánan -mulá ríto ang báya-ng-Kamálig. In what direction from here is the town -of Camalig?--The town of Camalig is to the right of here. Pagkaísip mo, -Hwŕn, kung saŕ ng báyan ka maghŕhánap-búhay ay sabíhin mo sa ákin. When -you have decided, Juan, in what town you will try to earn your living, -tell me. - -As a question-word, further, saŕn may form a static predicate (§ -96): Saŕn ang lŕgáyan mo nang iyo ng sapátos? Where is your place -for putting away your shoes? - -265. Several words of manner: - -(1) The particle agŕd at once and its doubled form agad-agŕd -immediately (see Morphology) are closely joined; where ng can be -used, they are mostly conjunctive: Tumakbň sya agŕd. He ran at once, -or: Tumakbň sya ng agŕd. Minulŕn nya agŕd ang pagtatalumpáte`. He -at once began his speech. Agad nŕ ng lálaměg. It will soon be cold -now. Agad-agŕd inůumpisahŕn ang pagsisěgáwan. At once the yelling -begins. - -(2) halimbáwa` for example, for instance is loosely joined: Kung -halimbáwa y makŕkíta sya nang isa ng bákol.... When, for instance, -she saw a basket ... isa ng tahňl nang áso halimbáwa` the barking of -a dog, for instance. - -(3) hálos almost is closely joined: hálos lahŕt nang táo almost all -the people, walŕ ng pamamáro` hálos almost without clothing. - -(4) isa-isŕ one by one is closely joined; it is more often conjunctive -than absolute: Siniyásat nya isa-isŕ ang manga púno`. She questioned -the trees one by one. Itň y sya nyŕ ng isa-isŕ ng inilaglŕg. These -he dropped one by one. - -(5) karáka-ráka right away, quickly (cf. pagdáka, pagkaráka, below): -"Hindí akň!" winíka nya karáka-ráka. "It wasn't I!" he said at once. - -(6) katunáyan truth, as absolute attribute, loosely joined, truly; in -this sense also conjunctive: Katunáya y uwalŕ ng mwŕng si Hwŕn. Really -Juan was ignorant. Katunáya ng walá sya ng nŕlŕláman káhit isa ng -hóta. He really did not know a single iota. - -(7) měsmo (Spanish) himself, herself, intensive: ang nŕkůkúlam měsmo -the bewitched person himself; siya měsmo he himself, she herself. - -(8) palibhása` is loosely joined and precedes. It expresses that -what follows is stated as a reason; the construction is apparently -not subordinating, but parallel with that of halimbáwa` above: Ang -pagsasáma ... ay hindí nila pinápansěn, palibhása y gawá rin namŕn -nilŕ. The living together ... was not minded by them, the reason -being that they did it themselves. - -(9) pagdáka and pagkaráka immediately, quickly (synonymous with -karáka-ráka above): Pagdáka y tinangnan nyŕ ang dalawŕ ng hintutúro` -nang babáye. He quickly seized the woman's two forefingers. Also -closely joined: Itinanňng pagdáka nang médiko.... The doctor at -once asked.... - - - -(4) absolute complements. - -266. After certain words which are followed by a complement -construction, as described in § 151 ff., the conjunctive particle is -often omitted, especially where the form na is required; where ng is -possible its use is preferred. They are: - -267. íbig desired, synonymous with gustň (of whose regular construction -examples have been given in §§ 152. 158), and áyaw the negative -of íbig. These are usually accompanied by a disjunctive agent: -Anň ang íbig nya ng sabíhin? What is that desired by-him that -(sc. by-him it, both anaphoric) be said? or: What is the desired -by-him thing-to-be-said? i. e. What does he want to say? Anň ang -íbig mo ng gawěn nya? What do you want him to do? Hindí na sya íbig -labanŕn. He was no longer sought as an opponent. Itň y íbig na gawě -ng úna. This is desired to be done first, i. e. One wants to do this -first. Ang áyaw ko ng mŕkíta ay isa ng núno`. What I don't want to -see is a ghost. Itň y áyaw nya ng gawěn. He does not want to do this. - -Very frequently the construction is impersonal, in which case -the complement (and quasi-subject, § 158) may consist of an entire -predication: Íbig nya ng kumáin nang súha`. It-is-desired by-him that -(he) eat some grape-fruit, i. e. He wants to eat some grape-fruit. Íbig -nya ng kánin ang súha`. It-is-desired by-him that be-eaten (by-him) -the grape-fruit, i. e. He wants to eat the grape-fruit. Áyaw ipamána -nang mangkukúlam ang kanya ng kúlam. The sorcerer does not want to -bequeath his magic power. - -When the person desiring is at the same time the agent of the -complement, the whole expression may serve as predicate or attribute -of the person desiring; this construction is rarely used with other -than active complements: Sya y íbig kumáin nang súha`. He is desired -(by-him) that (he) eat some grape-fruit, i. e. He wants to eat some -grape-fruit, equivalent to Íbig nya ng kumáin nang súha`. Ang kúba` ay -hindi rěn íbig umakyŕt. The hunchback too did not want to climb. isa ng -Kastíla` na íbig malígo` a Spaniard who wanted to bathe. Ang sundálo -ay áyaw pumáyag. The soldier did not want to consent. - -Without complement (or with anaphorically omitted complement): Anň ang -íbig mo? What is it you want? Íbig ko pŕ nang kánin. There-is-desire -by-me still of boiled rice, i. e. I want some more boiled rice. Ang -larň ng taguŕn ay íbig nang manga báta`. Children like the game of -hide-and-seek. Áyaw ko. I don't want to; less commonly: Áyaw akň. - -268. dápat proper, necessary and súkat fitting, right: Itň y dápat -gawěn. This ought to be done. Sya y dápat palúin. He ought to be -thrashed. Anň ang dápat nya ng gawěn? What ought to be done by -him? i. e. What ought he do? Ang isŕ y dápat múna ng magsilbč sa -dimóniyo. One must first serve the demon. Hindí mo súkat ikagálit ang -manga tuksň. It is not right for you to get angry at jokes, literally: -Jokes are not by-you a fitting cause of anger. - -Without complement: Itň y súkat nŕ. This is right, sufficient. - -269. Words with prefix ma-, expressing the possessor of a quality, -and their derivatives (see Morphology), have occasionally an absolute -instead of a conjunctive complement. Those so used are: - -(1) madalŕs often, frequent, regular: Akň y madalŕs magkumpisŕl. I was -regular at going to confession, or: a regular confessor. But: Madalŕs -nila ng sinalakáyan ang báyan. They frequently attacked the town. - -(2) magalěng skilful, clever, polite: Si Hwŕn ay magalěng gumámit -nang darŕs. Juan was clever at using the adze, or: a clever user of -the adze, or: cleverly used the adze. But: Magalěng sya ng tumugtňg -nang piyáno. She plays the piano well. - -(3) mahírap suffering, destitute, difficult (i. e. having hardship, -actively or passively): Ang aswŕng ay mahírap mápatay. A vampire -is hard to-be-killed, i. e. hard to kill. Regular constructions: -Ang pagabůt nang búnga ng itň ay mahírap. The reaching this fruit -is hard, i. e. The fruit is hard to reach. ang mahírap na kasamŕ the -poor laborer. - -(4) mahúsay able, good (at doing something), in good shape: Ang manga -táo sa báyan ay mahuhúsay sumunňd sa kautusŕn. The people in the town -are good law-abiders. But: ang pinakamahúsay na magsalitŕ` the best -at speaking; Ang lípŕ nang lúpa` ay mahúsay. The smearing (with sticky -mud) of the ground (in the threshing-room for rice) is well done. - -(5) maínam pleasant, tasty, good: Ang manňk na kawalŕ` ay hindí maínam -patayěn. Chickens that run free are not good for killing. Cf.: isa -ng maínam na singsěng a pretty ring. - -(6) malakŕs strong, powerful, loud: Sya y malakŕs kumáin. He is -great at eating, or: a great eater; also: malakŕs na kumáin. Cf.: -ang manga táo ng malalakŕs strong men, Sya y tumáwa nang malakŕs. He -laughed aloud. - -(7) maluwŕt, malwŕt long (in time), slow: Ang pagpútol nang buhňk -ay maluwŕt mŕtutúhan. Hair-cutting takes long to learn. Cf.: Syŕ -y nagkalatimbŕ ng maluwŕt. He squatted on heels (as exercise or -punishment) many times. Natůtúlog akň nang maluwŕt. I sleep late. - -(8) marúnong wise, knowing how: Sya y marúnung gumupět nang buhňk. He -knew how to cut hair. But: Marúnong sya ng sumakŕy sa kabáyo. He -knows how to ride horseback. ang marúnong na pagňng the clever turtle; -Isa ng sundálo ng marúnung nang Latěn. A soldier who knew Latin. - - - -(5) words used with disjunctive and local attributes. - -270. Certain words form with their attributes phrases that are -used as absolute attributes, for the most part loosely joined. The -phrase-forming attributes are either (A) disjunctive or (B) local. - -271. (A) akála` a thought followed by a disjunctive possessor: as -so-and-so thinks: Akála ko y gamit nŕ ang sombréro ng itň. I think -this hat has been used already, is second-hand. More commonly these -phrases are used as local attribute: Ang harangŕ ng iyňn na nangyári -kagabč sa akála ko y pahárang ni Andrčs. The hold-up which took place -last night was, in my opinion, planned by Andrés. - -272. gáya like, resembling, in the manner of; for the disjunctive -attribute cf. § 177: ang manga púno-ng-káhoy, gáya nang tsíko trees -like the custard-apple; Gáya nang karanyúwan inumpisahŕn nang kúra -ang kanya ng sčrmon. As usual, the priest began his sermon. Magaŕn -ang sípa`, hindí gáya nang bóla ng gámit sa bčsbol. The football -is light, unlike the ball used in baseball. These phrases occur -also as conjunctive attributes: Hindí umuwé si Kíko na gáya nang -karanyúwan. Kiko did not go home as usual. Normal constructions: Ang -húni nang íbo ng pipět ay gáya nang isa ng sutsňt. The chirp of the -humming-bird is like a whistling. ang manga gáya mo those like you, -people like you. - -273. kasáma (in normal constructions companion): as companion of, -in company with: Namundok syŕ kasáma nang ilŕ manga táo-ng-báyan. He -took the mountains along with a few fellow-townsmen. - -274. Abstracts of action with prefixes in p- (see Morphology) express -the time when or (so pagka- and pagkŕ-) the time immediately after -which. They sometimes occur without a disjunctive modifier. Cf. § -300. Pagulŕn ay gamítin mo ang kapóte. When it rains use your -raincoat. Pagdatěng niya ay sabíhin mo ng maghintŕy. When he arrives -tell him to wait, literally: At the arriving of him be-it-said by-you -that (he) wait. Pagkasúnog nang báhay ay hinánap nilŕ ang aláhas. When -the house had burned down they looked for the jewelry. Pagakpakan -mň si Hwŕn pagkaraŕn nang kanyŕ ng talumpáte`. Applaud Juan when his -speech is done. - -275. pára like is followed by a conjunctive (instead of a disjunctive) -object expression whenever an indefinite object is meant (§ 68). The -phrase so formed is often a conjunctive attribute. It is closely -joined: Si Pédro mŕn pára ni Hwŕn ay nábilanggň`. Pedro too, like Juan, -was put in jail. But: May katawŕn sya ng pára ng táo. He has a body -like a human being. Normal constructions: Pára ka ng kúra. You are -like a priest. Ang laměg nang kanya ng kamŕy ay pára ng sa patŕy. The -coldness of his hand is like that of a dead person. (Cf. § 209). - -276. sábi saying, that said: Sábi daw nyŕ ay malakě ang súnog. He says, -I am told, that the fire was big. - -277. (B) alintána despite: Nŕbálot ko nŕ ang manga librň, alintána -sa karamíhan nitň. I have managed to pack the books, in spite of -their number. - -278. áyon according to (giving the source of a statement): Áyon sa -sábi nang marámi ay mŕpŕpaghuli na rŕw ang manga magnanákaw. According -to what people say, the robbers are now near to being caught. - -279. bukňd beside, in addition to: Bukňd sa asáwa ay may dalawŕ sya -ng anŕk. Beside his wife, he had two children. - -280. dáhil reason, cause and its derivative dahilŕn, both here in -the sense: on account of: Hindí nakatahňl ang áso dáhil sa kanya ng -kahináan. The dog was not able to bark, on account of his weakness, -i. e. was so weak that he could not bark. Hinúle si Hwŕn nang pulěs -dahilŕn sa paghárang na ginawá nya kina Andrčs at kanila ng manga -kaybígan. Juan was arrested by the policeman for having held up Andrés' -party and their friends. Dahilŕn sa kanya ng pagkŕgúlat ay nápaupú -sya. In his surprise he sank down on his chair. - -Note especially dáhil díto, dahil díto on account of this, therefore; -the omission of ay, y is especially frequent, see § 120, A, and -the example there given. Dáhil díto ay nadílat ang kanya ng manga -matŕ. Through this his eyes were opened. - -281. The particle káy, ké than, more than: Ang búnga ng itň y mataměs -káy sa asúkal. This fruit is sweeter than sugar. malakŕs ké sa kanyŕ -stronger than he. - -The combination káy sa has so much unity that the sa is often repeated -or used where unnecessary: so always before a proper name: Ang báta -ng si Pédro ay mataŕs nang kauntč` káy sa sa lamésa. Little Pedro -is a bit taller than the table. lálu ng mabagsěk káy sa ríto more -fierce than this; Ang báta ng si Pédro ay mataŕs nang kauntč` káy -sa kay Hwŕn. Little Pedro is a bit taller than Juan. Sya y mabúte -ng tumugtůg ké sa kay Hwána. She plays better than Juana. Si Hwŕn ay -magúlang káy sa kay Pédro. Juan is older than Pedro. - -Owing to the construction described at § 120 this construction may be -ambiguous: Lálo ng malakě ang gálit ni Hwŕn káy sa kay Pédro. Juan's -anger is greater than Pedro's. - -282. lában against: ang gálit lában sa kanyŕ anger against him, Ang -kapangyaríhan ay ginŕgámit nya lában sa kanya ng manga kaáway. He -uses his power against his enemies. - -283. líban except: Ang manga karumáta ng itň ay upahŕn, líban na -lámang sa ilŕn. These carriages are hired, except only for a few. - -284. The particle mulŕ` from and its derivative magmulŕ` starting from: -ang gitnŕ` mulá sa magkábila ng dúlo the middle from both ends; ang -kanyŕ ng manga súgat mulá sa paŕ hanggŕng úlo his wounds from feet to -head; mulá ríto from here. With disjunctive attribute of time instead -of local attribute: mulá noňn from then on, from that time. - -285. Words of manner with prefix pa- (see Morphology): Ang manga táo -ay nagsipagtakbúhan papalabŕs sa simbáhan. The people ran leaving -(i. e. out of) the church. Ipinatúluy nya ang paglalakŕd papuntŕ sa -isa ng báhay. He continued walking (directed) toward a certain house. - -Commonest is patúngo directed towards, aiming for: Tumakbo syŕ patúngu -sa ílog. He ran towards the river. - -Regular construction: Sya y papuntŕ sa lángit. He was on the way -to Heaven. - -286. The particle parŕ, pára (Spanish) for, equivalent to úkol (§ 288): -Nagbwŕl sila nang isa ng báka pára sa fiyčsta. They slaughtered a cow -for the fiesta. Humúkay sila nang malálim parŕ sa patŕy. They dug a -deep pit for the corpse. Pumútol ka bŕ nang damň parŕ sa kabáyo? Have -you cut any grass for the horse? Also as conjunctive attribute, -modifying an object expression: Sulat nŕ ang líham na pára kay -Hwána. The letter for Juana is written. - -287. tungkňl about, concerning: Nasiyásat nang hukňm ang lahŕt nang -bágay tungkňl sa kanila ng úsap. The judge inquired into all the -matters relating to their suit. Cf.: ang tungkůl sa súnog the details -about the fire. - -288. The particle úkol is synonymous with parŕ (§ 286) and tungkňl: -Humúkay sila nang malálim úkol sa patŕy. This phrase as predicate: -Iyň y úkol sa manga hírap sa infiyčrno. This was about the sufferings -in Hell. - - - -(6) words introducing subordinate phrases or predications. - -289. Certain words precede words, phrases, and whole predications which -are thereby subordinated to the main sentence as absolute attributes, -loosely joined. - -The syntactic relation of these words to the expressions which they -introduce seems to be the peculiar one described in § 54. However, -some of them are plainly joined to their phrase by na, ng, and others -end in -ng or -t. Most of them merely precede the phrase, others are -closely joined. - -Finally, in a few cases predications apparently not introduced by -any subordinating word are used as absolute attributes. - -290. bagŕ (§ 216), in this sense always followed by mŕn (§ 221), -although, is less used than káhit (§ 294). See also § 317. Baga mŕn -nakapagpasyŕl si Pédro, nátira kamě sa báhay. Although Pedro managed -to take a walk, we staid home. - -291. bágo, in this use before (in point of time), has closely joined -position as regards its phrase: Ang manga kabáyo ng ginŕgámit nang -manga kanyunéros nang gubyčrno ay pinaíinum múna, bágo pakánin. The -horses used by the artillery of the government are watered first, -before they are fed. Nagkantáhan silŕ bágo naguwían. They sang -together before they went home. Bágo sya y sumúlat ay makipagúsap -ka sa kanyŕ. Before he writes have a talk with him. Magísip ka bágo -ka sumagňt. Think before you answer. Balatan mň ang manggŕ bágu mo -kánin. Peel the mango before you eat it. maluwat pŕ bágo mamatŕy ang -mangkukúlam long before the sorcerer dies. - -In normal constructions bágo has the sense of new, recent: ang bágu -ng báhay the new house; ang bágo ng táo an unmarried man, a youth; -ang manga manňk na bágo ng bilč the chickens just bought; Bágu ng -gáling sya sa sakět. He is recently recovered from an illness. - -292. hábang throughout, during, while probably consists of hába` length -plus ng. Hábang sya y natůtúlog ay nakaraŕn ang susň`. While he was -sleeping the snail passed. Hábang pinagusápan nilŕ itň ang ikapitů ng -báta` ay nása isa ng bitŕk nang bangkň`. While they were discussing -this, the seventh child was in a crack of the bench. Nŕlůlugmok -syŕ hábang panahňn sa isa ng malálim na kalungkútan. She was sunk -constantly (literally: throughout time) in a deep sadness. A short -phrase with hábang may be closely joined: Hindí nya natagalŕ ng -angkiněn hábang búhay nya ang birtůd na iyňn. He did not succeed in -keeping this quality as his own throughout (his) life. [8] - -293. hanggŕng as far as, to, until may be hanggŕn limit, end plus ng; -instead of the absolute construction the phrase is, however, often -in local form. For lack of ang in the phrase see § 68. Naghintŕy -sya hanggŕng katanghalían. He waited till noon. Ang púno` ay tumúbo` -hanggŕng sa magbúnga. The tree grew until (it) bore fruit. Silŕ ay -nagtakbúhan hanggŕng sa dumatěng sila sa kanila ng báyan. They both ran -until they arrived in their town. As predicate: Ang kúlang nang gátas -ay hanggŕng sa lečg nang bóte. The lack of milk is as far as the neck -of the bottle, i. e. The milk goes only up to the neck of the bottle. - -294. káhit (§ 245), with or without na, in the sense of although, no -matter (cf. §§ 290. 317). The subordinate word or phrase has usually -the form of a question; when it is an entire predication the predicate -stands first: Tinalaga nyŕ ng sumáma, káhit na saŕn sya dalhěn. He -decided to go along, no matter where he was carried. Káhit na anň ang -iyútos nya ay sinúsunňd. No matter what it was he ordered, (it) was -obeyed. Káhit na madilěm ang gabě ay nagpasyal děn si Pédro. Though -the night was dark, Pedro nevertheless took a walk. Káhit na bahagyŕ -ang ulŕn ay nakabasŕ` nang karsáda. Though the rain was scanty, -it sufficed to wet the streets. Káhit ulňl ang áso ay áyaw nya ng -patayěn. Although the dog was mad, he did not want to kill it. - -Note the following instance, in which káhit na precedes its phrase as -a closely joined attribute: Nŕramdaman kň ang kalabět nya sa ákin, -káhit na akň natůtúlog. I felt his touch against me, even though I -was asleep. - -Phrases with káhit may be closely joined to the main sentence: -Nŕpůpútol nya káhit na walá sya ng kasangkápan ang bákal nang kanya -ng bělanggúan. He managed, even though he had no tools, to cut the -iron of his prison. ang táo káhit laláki o babáye na nagŕári sa kanyŕ -the person, man or woman, who owns it. - -295. kaniyŕ`, kanyŕ` (§ 241) expressive of result, may with its phrase -be subordinated. It then stands as a closely joined attribute of its -phrase: Kanyá nya iníwan ang páyong ay sapagkŕt nagtígil ang ulŕn at -lumiwánag ang lángit. The reason he left his umbrella (quasi-subject) -was because the rain let up and the sky cleared. Accordingly we may -analyze as subordinate such clauses as the following: Náupó sya sa -tiněk, kanyá sya nápatinděg agŕd. He sat down on a spine, so as to jump -at once, i. e. that is why he jumped up at once. Cf., however, § 324. - -296. The particle kapŕg if, in case (of single events viewed as -completed in the future, synonymous with pagkŕ, § 304), see § 300: -Ang hinirŕm nya ng kampět ay iyo ng kúnin, kapag ipinůpútol na nyŕ -nang káhoy. Take away the knife he borrowed if he uses it to cut wood. - -297. kayŕ` (§ 219) is sometimes used exactly like kaniyŕ` (§ 295): -Kayŕ` aku naparíto ay kůkúnin ku ang hinirŕm mo ng librň. I am going -to take the book you have borrowed, so that I have come here, i. e. I -have come here to.... The act is expressed as a subordinate element, -the purpose as the principal sentence. Nagpůpútol si Hwŕn nang káhoy, -kayá sya y wala ríto. Juan is cutting wood now, that is why he is -not here. - -298. The atonic particle kung preceding an expression of time -states the time when of repeated occurrences: Gumŕgámit kamě nang -makapŕl na damět kung tagulŕn. We use thick clothing in the rainy -season. Nagtětípon nang pagkáin ang manga langgŕm kung tagáraw. The -ants collect food in summer. Ang hůníhan nang manga íbon kung -umága ay nakalěligáya. The chirping of the birds in the morning is -gladdening. Ang iba ng táwo y mabúti pa ng makisáma káy sa isŕ ng -kapatěd kung mínsan. An unrelated person is better to associate -with than a brother at times. So: kung gabč at night, of nights, -kung fiyčsta nang báyan during the (periodic) fiesta of the town, -kung madilěm at dark, when it is dark, kung bahŕ` at flood-times, -kung buwŕn nang Húniyo in June. - -Occasionally the phrase with kung is closely joined: Hindí hasŕ` -kung mínsan ang manga bágu ng patalěm sa Filipínas. In the Philippines -new cutlery is sometimes without an edge (i. e. sold without an edge, -to be sharpened by the purchaser). - -299. With phrases in the form of a question (minus bŕ § 215 or bagŕ § -216) kung expresses indirect question. The expression so formed stands -as quasi-subject or quasi-object (cf. §§ 157. 158) or as predicate: -Naalaála nya kung papáno ang paggawŕ` nang salamangkŕ. He managed -to recall how the trick was done. Ipináyu nya na kung sínu sa kanilŕ -ang pinkamahúsay na magsalitŕ` nang Latěn ay siya lámang kŕkáin nang -itlňg. He advised that whoever (kung síno) among them was the best at -speaking Latin should be the one who alone ate the egg. Si Pédro ay -nagíisěp kung saŕn nya naíwan ang kanya ng páyong. Pedro is trying -to recall where he left his umbrella. Nŕlŕláman mo bŕ kung saŕn sya -nároon? Do you know where he is? Ang manga táo-ng-báyan ay nagsiyásat -kung maŕári sila ng magtayň nang isa ng mákina nang běgásan sa kanila -ng báyan. The townspeople considered whether they could put up a -machine for thrashing rice in their town. Ang siyásat ni Hwŕn sa kanya -ng pagparíto ay kung ilŕ ng kúra ang nŕrěritň sa áti ng báyan. Juan's -inquiry when he got here was how many priests there are in our town. - -300. Introducing other phrases kung has the sense of if, whenever -(of non-actual occurrences viewed as unreal, hypothetical, or -repeated); compare disjunctive attributes of time (§ 192, single actual -occurrence), pag (§ 303, single non-actual occurrence, simultaneous), -kapŕg and pagkŕ (§§ 296, 304, single non-actual precedent occurrence), -words with prefixes in p- (§ 274, single occurrence, actual or -non-actual), tuwč` (§ 307, repeated actual): Kung dumatěng si Hwŕn -ay umalis kŕ. If Juan comes, go away. Kung dumatěng sya ay sabíhin mo -ng maghintŕy. If he comes, tell him to wait. Kung úulŕn ay gamítin mo -ang kapóte. If it rains, use your raincoat. Běbilhin kň ang kabáyo ng -iyňn kung máy-roon akň ng marámi ng kwaltŕ. I should buy this horse, -if I had enough money. Note: Kung sa pagaasáwa namŕn, akň y nagkaroňn -nang dalawŕ. And as to (literally if) taking a wife, I had two. - -301. In the same sense kung with dě` (§ 237) or hindě` (§ 239) if not, -precedes the second, positive member of a contrast: unless, but rather, -beside, except (Cf. palŕ § 228): Hwag kŕ ng makŕpakikáin-káin kung -hindí ka inŕanyáhan. Don't be taking meals with people unless you are -invited. Walŕ ng ibŕ ng nagpŕpahírap sa kanyŕ kung hindí kayň. There -is no one else who causes suffering to him, beside you. - -302. ngayňn (§ 262), when subordinating, is conjunctively joined to -its clause: Ngayň ng áraw na yitň y dárating silŕ. On this very day -they will arrive. Ngayň ng táo ng iyňn ay patay nŕ, bákit namŕn...? Now -that this man is dead, why...? - -303. The atonic particle pag gives the time when of a single -non-actual occurrence; cf. § 274 and see § 300. Pag akň ay pagňd, -natůtúlug akň nang maluwŕt. When I am tired, I sleep late. Pag paputňl -mo ng hiníwa` ang pakuwŕn ay hindí mŕběbilě ang banda ng púno`. If -you cut the watermelon crosswise, you will not be able to sell the -stem-end. Magmůmurahŕn sila ng dalawŕ pag nagkíta. The two will revile -each other when they meet. - -304. The particle pagkŕ (synonymous with kapŕg, § 296) gives the -time immediately after which of a single non-actual occurrence; cf. § -274 and see § 300. Pagka ikŕw ay nahúlog ay masŕsaktan kŕ. When you -have taken a fall you will be hurt. - -305. The particle patě including; cf. § 68. ang boň ng katawŕn patě -manga matŕ at taínga the whole body, including eyes and ears. - -306. The particle sapagkŕt (sa pagkŕ at ?) because, for: Sapagkŕt ang -pári ng itň ay nagakála ng manga walŕ ng pinagarálan ang kanyŕ ng -sinčsčrmunan ay hindí sya nagpílit.... Because this priest thought -his hearers were uneducated people, he took no pains.... Ipinapútol -nya ang kanya ng dalíre`, sapagkŕt tinubúan nang kŕnser. He had his -finger amputated because there was a cancer on it. For a phrase with -sapagkŕt as predicate see example under kanyŕ`, § 241. - -307. The particle tuwč` (§ 244) in this use tells the time when -always of actual repeated occurrences: whenever, every time. It -is conjunctively joined to its clause: Pinaghŕhatdan nyŕ nang -gátas ang báyan twě ng umága. He delivers milk in the town every -morning. Pumŕparíto ang médiko twi ng makalawŕ. The doctor comes -every other day. Si Hwŕn ay nakěkipagluksúhan twi ng idinŕdáos ang -manga palarň` kung fyčsta nang báyan. Juan takes part in the jumping -contest whenever games are held in the fiesta of the town. Twě ng -papásuk akň sa síne sa áki ng kúyang ay áyaw sya. Every time I ask -my brother to take me to the moving-picture show, he refuses. - -308. úpang in order to, so that (úpa pay, wages ?): Sila y naúupo pa -lámang úpang mananghále`. They are just sitting down to eat the noon -meal. Syŕ y tumayň` sa bubungŕn nang báhay úpang tanawěn ang súnog. He -stood up on the roof of the house to watch the fire. Kantahŕn ninyň ang -máy sakit úpang sya y malibŕng. Sing for the sick man so that he may be -cheered. Tináwag nilŕ ang isa ng kálaw úpang siya ng magěng hukňm. They -called an owl so that (it) might be the one who served as judge. - -309. yámang while, as: Ang púno nang unggň ay namatŕy yámang ang -sa pagňng ay tumúbo`. The tree of the monkey died while that of the -turtle grew. - -310. Predications and similar phrases (impersonal or anaphoric) as -absolute attributes, in the meaning of disjunctive attributes of time, -are not uncommon: Madali-ng-áraw pa lámang ay nŕrňroňn na silŕ. (When) -it was still but dawn, they were already there. Makása-m-pu ng táwag nŕ -ay walá pa syŕ. (At) the tenth call he was still not there. Makaraŕn -ang ila ng sandalě` ay sinábi nya sa susň`.... (When) a few moments -had passed, he said to the snail.... May ápat na pu ng taňn na -sya sa lúpa ng Katagalúgan ay hindí pa nya nŕtutúhan ... (When) -he had already been in the Tagalog country for about forty years, -he had not yet learned.... Mínsan pumásuk sya sa simbáhan ay nárinig -nya.... Once (when) he went to church, he heard.... Other examples -at 26,21. 28,11. 66,15. 9213. - - - -4. Serial groups. - -311. The serial relation is expressed in part explicitly by particles -and in part by parataxis, parenthesis, and anacolouthic constructions. - - - -(1) coordinating particles. - -312. The most important of the coordinating particles is at, t; as -some of the others end in -t, they may be felt to contain at; cf. the -similar ending in other particles, § 213; t is used after syllabics, -n, and ` (see Phonetics), but even here at is commoner. - -When a sentence begins with a coordinating particle, the latter -gives expression to the connection with the preceding sentence (as -in English sentences beginning with And ... or But ...) - -313. at, t and connects words, phrases, or entire predications. báro -t salawŕl blouse and trousers (native costume), ang tapunŕn nang -béha at upňs the place for throwing cigarette-ends and cigar-stubs, -dalawa ng, pů t dalawŕ twenty-two, kung mínsan at malakě ang gálit -nang amŕ ... sometimes, when the father's anger was great ... (kung -goes with both of the members connected by at). - -When more than two elements are connected, at is used generally between -the last two: sina Pédro, Hwŕn, at Andrčs the group consisting of -Pedro, Juan, and Andrés. isa ng líbo, walo ng daŕn, walo ng pu t -ánim 1886. - -314. at is used in a few common phrases: isŕ t isŕ everyone ibŕ t ibŕ -various: ang mangŕ taga ibŕ t iba ng báyan people from various towns; -Iba t ibŕ ang kúlay nang kanya ng pananamět. His clothes are of various -colors. at ibŕ pŕ and so forth, and other; ang tsíko, súha`, santňl, -... at iba pŕ the custard-apple, grape-fruit, santol, and so forth; -ang manga háyop at iba pŕ ng árě nang pŕmahalaŕn the live stock and -other belongings of the government. - -315. at has occasionally a decidedly adversative tone; so, for -instance, at 78,31. - -316. Frequently at has subordinative coloring, the second of the -members joined expressing: - -cause: Hintŕy ka múna t hindí pa akň nakapápahingŕ. Make a halt first, -for I am not yet rested. Íbig mo bŕ ng kumáin sa ámin?--Salámat, áyaw -ko t kakŕkáin ko pa lámang. Do you want to eat with us?--Thank you, -no, for I have only just eaten. Buksan mň ang pintň` at íbig ko ng -pumások. Open the door, for I want to go in. - -result: Ano t dí ka lumákad nang matúlin? Why don't you walk -fast? Ano ang íbig mo t nŕrěrito kŕ? What do you want that you have -come here? i. e. What have you come here for? So especially: anň ang -dáhil at...? what is the reason that...? - -purpose: Umalěs sya t makěkipútol nang damň. He has gone to help -cut grass. - -temporal succession: Hindí sya nakaratěng nang ápat na pu ng taňn sa -gúlang at sya y namatŕy. She had not reached forty years in her age, -when she died. - -a subordinate quasi-subject: Sinábi nang manghuhúla sa iyň t hindi -maláyo ríto ang kawŕwalan nang iyo ng singsěng. The fortune-teller -told you that the place where you would lose your ring is not far -from here. Sinábi ko nŕ sa iyň at hwag kŕ ng maíngay. I have told -you already not to make any noise. [9] - -317. The subordinating value of at appears especially in certain -expressions which it forms with other particles: - -(1) at bakŕ` lest (cf. § 235): Hwag kŕ ng magpatihúlog diyŕn sa -kátre at baká ka masaktŕn. Don't throw yourself from that bed, for -you might hurt yourself. - -(2) at nang so that (cf. § 192 f.): Magiinům ka nang gátas at nang -ikŕw ay tumabŕ`. Drink milk so that you may grow stout. - -(3) bagŕ mŕn at although (cf. § 290): Baga mŕn at umúulŕn ay -nagsísipaglarň silŕ. Although it is raining they are at play. - -(4) kayŕ` at so that (cf. § 297): Napapúpunta nilŕ ang pelóta kayŕ t -báwat isa sa kanilŕ ay nakaabŕng. They direct the ball so that every -one of them is on guard. - -(5) káylan mŕn at every time that, whenever, synonymous with tuwč ng, -§ 307 (cf. káylan mŕn § 262): Si Hwŕn ay táwa nang táwa káylan mŕ t -márinig nya ang manga katatawanŕ ng bahági nang kwčnto. Juan laughs -and laughs every time he hears the funny parts of the story. - -318. dátapuwat but is the commonest adversative coordinating -particle. It is used also when the two members are not logically -but only formally in contrast: Ang húni nang pipět ay mahína`, -dátapuwat mataŕs ang tóno. The chirping of the stone-sparrow is -weak, but high-pitched. Půputúlin ko ang lúbid kung máy-roon akň ng -laséta, dátapuwat walá ako. I should cut the rope if I had a knife, -but I have none. Si Pédro ay hindí dumatěng, dátapuwat iba ng táo -ang naparíto. Pedro did not arrive; it was someone else who came here. - -319. The particles ně hindě` (§§ 253. 239) connect coordinate -elements in the sense of nor: Sya y hindí nagsísimbŕ ně hindí -nangúngumpisŕl ně hindí rin nagmŕmáno sa páre`. He neither went to -church nor confessed nor kissed the priest's hand. The hindě` may, -as an anaphoric element, be left off after another hindě`: Ang kanila -ng kamŕy ay hindí nila máilabŕs sa bútas ně ibig namŕn sila ng bitíwan -ang lamŕn nang nyňg. They cannot take out their hands from the opening, -nor are they willing to let go the cocoanut-meat. - -320. The particle ngúnit is equivalent with dátapuwat, but is less -common: Hindí sya nagísip, ngúnit sumagňt karáka-ráka. He did not -reflect but answered at once. - -321. The atonic particle o or (probably Spanish): isa ng malakě ng -áso o báboy a large dog or pig; Dikdikěn kitŕ sa lusňng o lunúrin -kita sa ílog? Shall I bray you in a mortar or drown you in the -river? Frequently the combination o kayŕ` (§ 219) is used; it is -loosely joined: Ang kapangyaríha ng itň y gáling sa dimóniyo o kayŕ y -mána sa magúlang. This power comes from a demon or else is inherited -from one's parents. - -322. The particle subálit but is less common than its equivalents -dátapuwat and ngúnit: Aku sána y páparoon sa Balíwag, subálit hindí -ako nátulňy, dahilŕn sa isa ng karamdáman. I was going to Baliwag, -but I did not keep on, on account of an illness. - - - -(2) paratactic sentences. - -323. A vocative joins another sentence: Hintú na kayň, manga -báta`! Stop, children! Té na, baláe! or: Tara nŕ, baláe! Come on, -old man! - -324. Contrast, cause, result, detail, etc. are sometimes paratactically -expressed; in some cases it seems uncertain whether the second element -is paratactic or subordinate, so especially when it begins with kaniyŕ` -(§§ 241. 295): Sina Pédro, Hwŕn, at Andrčs ay magkakasamahŕ ng nagtánod -sa isŕ ng dúlo nang tulŕy; sina Felípe, Andůy, at Mariyáno sa ikalawŕ -ng dúlo. Pedro, Juan, and Andrés are standing guard together at one -end of the bridge; Felipe, Andoy, and Mariano at the other. Hindí ko -gustň iyŕn, ibŕ ang áki ng gustň. I don't like that, I want something -else. Hwag kŕ ng umyŕk, Maryŕ, baká ka himatayěn. Don't weep, Maria, -you might have a fainting-fit. Ang kantŕ nang báta ng si Hwŕn ay kanya -ng nalimútan, kanyŕ hindi tulŕ` ang kanya ng kinantŕ. Little Juan -forgot his song, that is why what he sang was disconnected. Siya ngŕ`, -siyŕ ang nagbigŕy sa ákin nang bágo ng búhay. Yes, she; it was she -who gave me new life. Sya y may famíliya; bukňd sa asáwa ay may dalawŕ -sya ng anŕk. He had a family; beside his wife he had two children. - - - -(3) parenthesis. - -325. Not infrequently explanatory elements are inserted into a -sentence parenthetically: Tatlň ng magkakaybígan, isa ng páre`, -isa ng manggagámut, at isa ng sundálo ... Three friends, a priest, -a physician, and a soldier ... sa háyop namŕn, karanyúwa y ang bábuy -... against animals, usually a pig ... wala ng ulŕm, asěn at kánin -lámang there was no meat, only salt and boiled rice. Further cases -at 54,5. 86,21. 100,23. 108,29. - -326. Often the parenthetic element is descriptive: malakŕs kumáin, -katimbŕng nang dalawŕ katáo great at eating, a match for two persons; -nang pinagkatamŕn na walŕ ng patěd, ápat na pu ng paŕ ang hába` -shavings without a break, forty feet in length. Similar cases at -80,39. 86,29. 118,43. 120,2. - -327. Especially common are parentheses describing the temporary -state or situation of something: Ang mŕnanalň ng pangkŕt at ang -kanila ng manga kaybígan, magkakasáma ng tinůtugtugŕn nang kanila ng -bŕnda nang músika, ay agad-agŕd na nagpŕpaséyo. The winning team and -their friends, all together accompanied by the playing of their band, -at once form a parade. Nakaratěng sila sa kanila ng báhay, dalŕ nila -ang súpot nang kwaltŕ. They arrived at their house, bearing the bag -of money. Other cases at 92,22. 98,21. 114,42. - - - -(4) anacolouthon. - -328. In other cases a breaking off of the construction rather than -an insertion seems to take place: Ang manga hindí nagsísitugtňg -ang katungkúlan ay kumantŕ. Those who do not play, their duty is to -sing. Gáya ko, akň y paráti ng nŕhŕhábul nang manga áso. Like me, I am -often pursued by dogs. Pabulňng lámang kung silŕ y magsŕlitáan. In -whispers only (predicate) when they talk together. The organic -construction would probably be: Pabulňng lámang ang kanila ng -pagsasŕlitáan. Their conversation is only in whispers. Kung kanya -ng pakánin ay wala ng ulŕm. When (they, anaphoric) are fed it is -without meat. - -329. While direct quotations often enter into normal constructions -as predicate (§ 114), as conjunctive complement (§ 159), or as -disjunctive object (§ 186), they are often joined by a breaking -off of construction. In this case their relation to the rest of a -sentence may resemble that of a subject; this happens especially -when the sentence begins with the quotation or with part of it. If -ay, y were used many of these sentences would be regular: "Magáral -ka ng mabúti," sinábi ni Hwŕn sa kanya ng anŕk. "Study well" was -said by Juan to his son. "Dalawŕ!" isinigŕw nang bulŕg. "Two!" was -shouted by the blindman. "Sa damdam kň," ang sagňt ni Dyégo, -"ay akň ang pinakamakínis." "In my opinion," was Diego's answer, -"I am the cleverest." Similarly their relation may resemble that -of a disjunctive object (instrumental type, § 186), but nang is not -used. This happens if the quotation follows active words of saying: -Si Hwŕn namŕn ay sumagňt: "Matŕr!" Juan then answered: "Matar!" - -330. This peculiar construction of direct quotations is extended to -some cases that are not exactly quotations but may be viewed as such: -Ang boň ng ása ko ang kandidáto ng si Manikěs ang nŕgůgustuhŕn nang -manga táo; hindí palŕ, kung hindí ang kandidáto ng si Sŕntos. It -was my whole expectation that the candidate Maniquís would be the -one chosen by the people; but no, it was the candidate Santos. Ang -paniwála nang manga táo si Sang-Hwŕn ay sya ng sŕnto ng nagpápaulŕn. It -is the belief of the people that San Juan is the saint who makes rain. - - - - - -C. MORPHOLOGY. - -1. Composition. - -331. Compound words (i. e. words resembling in form a succession of -two or more words, but diverging in meaning from such a succession) are -treated phonetically like groups of words in the phrase (§§ 33. 34). - -If the first member ends in syllabic, n, or glottal stop, the particle -ng appears before the second member. - -In meaning, compound words resemble a phrase in which the word -corresponding to the first member is modified, in disjunctive -attribution, by the word corresponding to the second: báhay-aklátan -library-building: báhay nang aklátan. The meaning of the compound is, -however, more specialized than that of the phrase. - -Exceptions as to meaning are: (1) the copulative compound áraw-gabě, -formed on the model of doubled words, such as áraw-áraw, gabi-gabě -(§§ 258. 343.); (2) kapatěd-kongkristiyános, a foreign product; -(3) máy-roňn, equivalent to máy, which has been viewed as a compound -because its construction (§ 138) differs from that of the phrase máy -roňn (which would not require the particle ng, §§ 252. 263). - -Similar in form to compound words are words derived from a phrase -(§ 332). - -Examples of regular compounds: ang báhay-báta` the womb, báhay-gúya` -the womb of an animal (gúya` the young of an animal), báhay-pŕhayagŕn -newspaper office, publishing house, Báhay-Paníki Bat-House (name of a -town, paníki a bat), báhay-pintáhan paint-shop; Itň y bigay-loňb lámang -nya sa ákin. This is merely a concession he makes to me as a favor; ang -lalawíga-ng-Pampŕngga, ang prověnsiya-ng-Pampŕngga Pampanga Province, -cf. ang prověnsiya nang Pampŕngga; pilěk-matŕ eyelash (pilěk fin, -lash); ang Sŕmáha-ng-Sumúlong the Sumulong Company; ang tánud-báhay -the watchman of a house, tánud-pálay watchman of a rice-field. - -A member of a compound may consist of an entire phrase (cf. § -332): Běgása-ng-Sumúlong-at-Kasamahŕn Rice-mill of Sumulong and -Company (equivalent to Běgásan nila Sumúlong at Kasamahŕn); ang -dúlo-ng-bandŕ-ng-kánan the right-hand end (ang bandŕ ng kánan the -right). - -Specialization and transference of meaning are especially marked -in hampas-lúpa` (literally: beating of the ground) tramp, vagabond; -kápit-báhay not only neighboring house, but also neighbor: Ang báhay -ni Hwŕn ay áki ng kápit-báhay, but also: Si Hwŕn ay áki ng kápit-báhay; -kápit-báyan neighboring town, but also person from a neighboring town; -Sawi-ng-pálad siyŕ. He is unlucky (literally unhandy of the palm). - -For the other occurrences of compounds see Index under báhay, bakŕs, -bŕnda, bantŕy, básag, báyad, báyan, búnga, bútas, daŕn, hánap, ílog, -kalabŕw, kapuluŕn, kasamaŕn, kasawiŕn, kasiraŕn, kinamatayŕn, lúpa`, -médiko, paŕ, pamatŕy, pantŕy, piráso, púno`, sŕmáhan, táo, trabáho, -úbos. - - - -2. General features of word-formation. - -332. Many words are analyzed into (1) recurring affixes, (2) doubling, -(3) reduplication, and (4) a recurring unanalyzable element bearing -the material meaning, the root. The place of the root may be taken by -a word in turn showing derivation by these processes, or by a compound -word, or even by a phrase. Other words, root-words, contain only the -unanalyzable element. - -Other modifications affecting the meaning are shifting of the accent -toward the end of the word, and the use of secondary accents. - -Modifications not affecting the meaning, but merely accompanying those -already named, are sound-variation and retraction of the accent toward -the beginning of the word. - -The same morphologic elements may be variously distributed; it is -most convenient and corresponds most nearly to the speech-feeling -to describe these differences as though they were due to different -successions in which the modifications are applied: sumůsúlat is -súlat reduplicated and with infix -um-; but (nag-)tůtumirŕ is tirŕ -with infix -um-, then reduplicated (plus prefix nag-). - -The part of a word to which a modification is (in this sense) -said to be added will be called the underlying word (or phrase): in -sumůsúlat the infix -um- is added to the underlying word sůsúlat, in -(nag-)tůtumirŕ reduplication is added to the underlying word tumirŕ; -in ikasa-m-pů` the tenth the prefixes ka- and i- are successively -added to the underlying phrase sa m pů` ten. - -Roots not actually occurring in this book as independent words will -be written with a hyphen prefixed (-káin), except in unmistakable -lists of roots. - -333. The root. Except for some pronoun forms and particles, the roots -have two or more syllables and are almost always accented either on -the last (oxytone roots) or on the next-to-last (barytone roots): -báhay house, kamŕy hand. - -Some disyllabic roots are formed as though a single syllable were -repeated: bitbět, budbňd, bungbňng piece of unsplit bamboo, damdŕm, -dibděb chest (part of body), dikděk, dingděng (dinděng, § 20), gága, -hinhěn, ladlŕd, laglŕg, lingkěng, lublňb, mangmŕng, ningněng, padpŕd, -pangpŕng, pukpňk, satsŕt, siksěk, singsěng, sísi, súso breast, nipple, -sutsňt, tadtŕd, tiktěk, tingtěng (tintěng), tugtňg, tuktňk, tungtňng -(tuntňng), ulňl. - -Of the roots of more than two syllables some similarly repeat one -or two syllables: alaála, babáye (see § 345), bulaklŕk, lipumpňn -(beside lípon). - -Others appear as though a syllable -al- or -ag- were infixed (or -prefixed) before the first syllabic: alagŕd (cf. agŕd`), balahíbo -fur, hair on the body, balíkat, balíta`, Balíwag, balúbad, baluktňt, -dalága, dalamháte`, dalandŕn, dalanghíta`, dalángin, halakhŕk, -haláman, halíge, halimbáwa`, halimhěm, kalabňg, kalákal, kalasěng, -kalaykŕy, kaluskňs, palakŕ`, salakŕb, salákay, salakňt a rain-hat of -palm-leaves, salapč`, salawŕl, salaysŕy, salitŕ`, salúbong, salúkoy, -talastŕs, talungkň`,--bagábag, bagáso bare stalk, of sugar-cane or corn -(Spanish brazo, whence Tagalog baráso arm, assimilated to this type?), -Hagúnoy, lagablŕb, lagánap, pagakpŕk, sagása`, sagitsět. - -In some instances roots of the same or similar meaning resemble each -other in form. This is commonest in loan-words, where different degrees -of assimilation exist side by side: biróke, bitóke blow-gun bullet -(Spanish bodoque); palŕnsa, pirěnsa flatiron (Spanish plancha). It -occurs also, however, in native (or anciently assimilated) roots: -aniyáya`, yáya`; ánib, sánib (for sa ánib?); balíta`, salitŕ`; bitŕw, -bitěw; bugňk, bulňk; bungánga` mouth, maw (nang hurnň of the oven, -nang kalŕn of the stove), sungánga` a blow on the mouth; diněg, -kiněg; ípon, lípon (lipumpňn, above), típon; laŕn, taŕn; luhňd, túhod; -manghŕ`, tanghŕ`; matŕy, patŕy; hantŕy, hintŕy. - -When syllables of a root resemble affixes, there is always -possibility that the root may be interpreted as a derived word by -the speech-feeling, no matter whether historically it be such or -not. Thus the Index will show many roots whose initial syllables are -identical with prefixes; the other cases will be mentioned under the -various affixes. - -334. Affixation. Prefixes are added to the initial of the underlying -word: nag-tirŕ; infixes before the first syllabic: t-um-irŕ, um-alěs; -suffixes to the end: těrá-han. - -Affixes are occasionally accompanied by retraction of accent: itň, -d-íto. See §§ 343,c. 358,c.e. 481,c. 485,a. 523. 528,d. - -In the following cases affixes are accompanied by sound-variation: - -(a) prefixes: - -(1) The prefixes ending in g are treated phonetically as though they -were separate words; this happens occasionally with other prefixes -(§ 34). - -(2) Initial d of the underlying word becomes r after the syllabic of -a prefix in the roots listed in § 17. The change is constant only -in the commonest formations: always pa-raŕn, but naká-daŕn beside -naká-raŕn. Striking irregularities at §§ 407,a. 468. - -(3) The prefix i- and in some formations the prefix ka- contract with -a following syllabic (§ 31): iy-ánib (for i-ánib), íwan (for i-íwan), -ka-yibíg-an (for ka-ibíg-an), kŕwáwa` (for ka-áwa-áwa`). See §§ -368. 401. 421. 426,b. 475,a. 481,c. 485,a. - -(4) The prefixes ending in ng (mang-, nang-, pang-) alter a following -initial, always in much-used words, frequently in others. - -Before an initial syllabic the ng is treated as though it belonged -to the underlying word and not to the prefix. This appears in -reduplication (§ 336). - -Initial p, b, t, d, s, are often, initial k is always changed -to the corresponding nasal: pamálo` (pálo` with pang-), but also -pang-pa-rikět; pamilmět (bilmět), but also pang-bambň; panáli` (táli`), -but also pang-takěp; panalángin (dalángin), but also pang-dilěg; -na-naríwa` (saríwa`), but also pang-sakŕy; nangapŕ` (kapŕ`). Where -the change is not made, the ng may be assimilated to dentals (§ 20): -mandurúkit beside mangdudúkit. - -Before nasals the ng is usually lost: namahála` (mahála` with nang-). - -See pang- and mang- in List of Formations. - -(5) The prefix hin- and its compounds give rise to a few similar -changes, see §§ 357,b. 376,a. 518. - -(6) For occasional irregularities of prefixes see §§ 347,b. 481,d. 528. - -(b) infixes: - -(1) Where -in- is infixed in a word beginning with l, w, or y, this -initial is usually interchanged with the n, so that, practically, -we have a prefixed ni- instead of an infixed -in-: ni-lúto` (beside -less common l-in-úto`), ni-walěs (beside w-in-íka`), ni-yáya`. See §§ -359 ff. 374 ff. - -(2) Where words beginning with syllabic, h, l, w (and y) have -the prefix i- and the infix -in-, the latter is almost always -used as a prefix, preceding the i-: in-iy-útos, in-íwan (for -in-i-íwan), in-i-hatěd, i-ni-lúto` (beside less common i-l-in-úto`), -in-i-wisěk. See § 368. - -(3) On -um- see § 348,b. - -(c) suffixes: - -(1) The suffixes (-an and -in) after a syllabic take an initial h: -luksú-han. - -(2) Final d always becomes r before a suffix: lakar-ŕn (lákad). - -(3) When used in the formation of transient derivatives, as well as -in some other of their uses, the suffixes are accompanied by irregular -modifications of certain roots. - -Some roots ending in syllabic are treated as if they ended in glottal -stop; they are amŕ, kíta, matŕ: ama-ěn, kitá-an, matá-an. - -Others are treated as though they ended in n; they are paŕ, tálo, -táwa: paa-nŕn (beside regular paa-hŕn), talú-nan, tawá-nan. - -Other roots lose the syllabic of the last syllable, as well as a -final glottal stop which may follow this; if the syllabic is final, -the suffix adds h: asěn asn-ŕn, bigŕy bigy-ŕn, bilě bil-hŕn, mulŕ` -mul-ŕn. The roots so treated are: asěn, bigŕy, bilě, bukŕs, dalŕ, -hatěd, higŕ`, ibŕ (but also regular iba-hŕn), eskuwéla, gawŕ`, káin, -kamět, lagŕy, lakě, likňd, masěd, mulŕ`, punň`, pútol (but also -regular putúl-an), sakŕy, sákit, subň, sunňd, tángan, tibŕ`, tingěn, -tirŕ (but also regular tirá-han), ulě`, upň`, walŕ`. - -Still other roots add assimilation, dissimilation, or metathesis of -consonants to the loss of vowel: ának angk-ŕn, atěp apt-ŕn, daněw -(? see § 421) ka-raniyúw-an, datěng datn-ŕn, gílid ta-ligd-ŕn (beside -regular ta-gilír-an), halěk hagk-ŕn, hanggŕ hangg-ŕn (i. e. the -h of -han is lost), kiněg kingg-ŕn, silěd sigl-ŕn, taněm tamn-ŕn, -tuwěd ka-tu-tur-ŕn. - -Entirely irregular are the following: alaála alala-hánin (-hánin -for -hin), aniyáya anyá-han, hári` ka-hariy-ŕn ka-hary-ŕn (beside -regular pag-harí-an), íhip híp-an, ílag inlag-ŕn (for ilag-nŕn? but -also regular ilág-an), kawáyan kwayan-ŕn (beside regular kawayan-ŕn), -kilála kilan-lŕn (for kilal-nŕn?), kúha kú-nin, larň` laruw-ŕn larw-ŕn -(beside regular laru-ŕn), pulň` ka-puluw-ŕn ka-pulw-ŕn (beside regular -ka-pulu-ŕn), sála sang-lŕn (for sal-nan? also ka-salá-nan and regular -salá-han), sundň` pagkŕ-sunduw-ŕn (beside regular -sundu-ŕn), táo -ka-taw-ŕn (? see § 422, also regular ka-taú-han), totoň tňto-hánan -(-hánan for -hŕn). - -335. Doubling. In certain formations the underlying word, -if disyllabic, is repeated; the phonetic treatment is the same as -that of successive words in a phrase (§ 34): agad-agŕd, gabi-gabě, -ápat-ápat, pa-lígid-lígid. - -If the underlying word has more than two syllables, only the beginning -of it, inclusive of the second syllabic, is repeated, and the final -syllabic of this repeated part has a primary accent: kaní-kaníno, -kaní-kanilŕ, nag-kagá-kagalět (underlying word ka-galět). - -336. Reduplication. In some formations the beginning of the -underlying word, including the first syllabic, is repeated, sů-súlat, -á-akiyŕt. Words with reduced i or u (§ 27) reduplicate with i, u: -maka-sí-siyŕ, maka-sí-syŕ. - -Note the foreign words: krůs nag-kú-kurůs, trabáho nag-tá-trabáho. - -Initial d of the roots listed in § 17 often becomes r after the -reduplication: k-in-ŕ-dň-roon-ŕn (doňn), nag-dá-daŕn (daŕn). - -When a prefix which involves change of initial comes before a -reduplicated form, the latter has the changed initial both in the -reduplicative syllable and in the underlying part: nŕ-rň-roňn (doňn), -pa-ngu-ngumět (umět with pang-, § 334, a, 4; also: pang-u-umět) -pútol pa-mu-mútol (pútol with pang-). - -337. Accent-shift. In certain formations the accent is displaced one -syllable toward the end of the word: súlat sulŕt. This is especially -the case before suffixes forming transient words: súlat sulát-an. In -some formations with suffixes the accent moves two syllables toward -the end of the word: súlat sulat-ŕn. - -Certain roots are especially given to this change and show it in -formations where it is not regular. In these roots the accent-shift -is more or less clearly and regularly connected with a modification -of meaning. The roots are: ábot overtake, with shift: reach for, -take hold of, pass, hand; e. g. pa-ábot let oneself be overtaken, -pa-abňt something caused to be handed, ákay, álam, áwa`, áyaw, bába`, -báhay, báya`, búlag, gálit, gísing, háyag, húli, lápit, láyo`, múra, -sákit, sáma, síra`, tálo, táma`, táwa, túloy, úna. See Index. A few -pairs of roots differing only in accent may possibly belong here, -e. g. -ának family and anŕk child. - -338. Secondary accents. (1) In some formations a secondary accent is -spoken on the initial syllable of the underlying word: alěs ŕlís-an, -ka-galět kŕgalít-an, iyŕk ěyák-an. If the first syllable is closed, the -secondary accent is omitted: luksň luksú-han; so also if it is followed -by consonant plus reduced vowel (§ 27): taniyŕg tanyŕg tanyág-an; and -also if its own vowel is reduced: niyňg nyňg niyúg-an nyúg-an. There -are some irregularities. See §§ 377,b. 383. 421. 421,b. 426,b. - -(2) Prefixes and reduplications often take a secondary accent: nŕ-pútol -(different in meaning from na-pútol), sů-súlat. - -These secondary accents have phonetically the quality of primary -accents when they come before short oxytone underlying words: ná-riněg, -á-akiyŕt. If, however, the word is accented on a suffix, the accent on -this is more audible and the secondary accent remains: nŕ-buks-ŕn. So -also if there are two secondary accents: nŕ-rě-riněg. Longer oxytone -words not accented on a suffix vary; they have been transcribed as -heard in each case: nag-sě-si-pag-larň` nag-sí-si-pag-larň`. - -339. Indications. In the following description formations will be -indicated as follows: - -prefixes thus: nag-; infixes: -um-; suffixes: -an; secondary accent -on prefixes: nŕ-; - -doubling by "D", e. g. nag- D -an represents the formation seen in -nag-aswŕng-aswáng-an; - -reduplication by "r", with secondary accent by "R", e. g. pag- r -(pag-pu-pútol), nag- R (nag-pů-pútol), -um- R (s-um-ů-súlat), nag- -R -um- (nag-tů-t-um-irŕ); - -secondary accent on the first syllable of the underlying word by "S", -e. g. S -an (ŕlís-an); - -accent-shift by "(1)" or "(2)", e. g. (1) describes the formation of -sulŕt from súlat; (1) -an (sulát-an); (2) -an (sulat-ŕn). - -340. Summary of formations. The various formations group themselves -into eight classes: 1. simple formations without characteristic -prefix, expressing simple actions, objects, etc.; 2. formations with -characteristic prefix pag-, expressing chiefly transitive actions; -3. characteristic prefix pang-, deliberate actions; 4. si-, action -by more than one actor; 5. paki-, action along with others; 6. ka-, -reciprocal, involuntary, and accidental; 7. pa-, causative; 8. pati-, -reflexive. - -These indications are a mere rough guide: neither the characteristic -prefix nor the meaning indicated runs through the entire group. The -first three groups are the most important, and, to a large extent, -each formation of the other five groups belongs also to one of the -three primary groups. - -In each group there are four types of words: simple static, transient, -abstracts of action, and special static. The simple static words -involve no idea of active or passive; the transients are accompanied -by abstracts, in which the transient occurrence is viewed as a -static concept, and by special static words, which, though static, -involve the idea of voice: simple static súlat a document, writing, -letter; transient sumúlat wrote, sulátan is to be written to; abstract -pagsúlat an act of writing; special static sulatŕn a writing-desk -(with idea of local passive). - -Each (active or passive, § 92) transient formation exists in two modes, -actual and contingent, and each of these has two aspects, punctual -and durative; the durative always has accented reduplication. The -actual mode envisages the occurrence as actually having taken place -or taking place: in the punctual aspect the occurrence is viewed in -its entirety, without regard to duration, and hence always as past: -nagáral studied, learned; in the durative aspect of the actual -the occurrence is viewed as a process going on in time, past or -present: nagŕáral was studying, is studying, used to study, studied -(repeatedly), studies. The contingent mode views the occurrence as -not having actually taken place: the punctual aspect views it as -possible, hypothetical, or commanded: magáral should study, study -(as command); the durative as future from the point of view of the -past or present: magŕáral will study, was going to study. The punctual -contingent form is used not only in commands and hypothetical clauses, -but in subordinate predications and complements generally, even, for -instance, after nang (§ 192 f.), and often, in such constructions, in -competition with actual forms. It is often used, further, after hindě` -(§ 238). When objectivized with ang, it expresses the possibility or -circumstance of the occurrence: ang magáral a hypothetical studier, -the circumstance that one might study. - -The abstracts of action are much used in the construction described -at § 274. - -In addition to these more or less regular and systematized forms, -there are various isolated formations, which will be discussed after -the others. - -A systematically arranged list of formations precedes the Index. - - - -3. Description of formations. - -I. Primary groups (zero, pag-, pang-). - -A. Simple static forms. - -(1) Root-words. - -341. The uses of root-words cover a wide range of meanings, the -diversity of which is due to the various material meanings of the -roots. The rough grouping here made is a matter of convenience; the -speech-feeling seems not to distinguish classes of roots or diverse -employments of root-words. - -While a complete list of the examples occurring in the Texts and -illustrative sentences will be given for nearly all other formations, -the root-words are so numerous that it will be expedient merely to -refer to the Index. - -(1) Root-words in many cases express object-ideas which are viewed -as simple: ang báhay house, ang táo human being. - -(2) If the words containing a root have in common the idea of a -quality rather than of an object, the root-word may express either -the quality itself, or an object possessing the quality. - -(a) In the former case, it is generally a single occurrence of the -quality that is expressed, not the quality in general, which is -expressed rather by a collective with ka- and -an (§ 421 ff.), but -this distinction is not fully carried out. The root-word generally -stands in object construction. Examples: Ang búte ni Hwŕn ay walá sa -kanya ng úlo, dátapuwat násŕsa kanya ng púso`. Juan's good quality -lies not in his head, but in his heart. Si Pédro ay táo ng wala ng -dangŕl. Pedro is a person without honor. ang ínit nang tagáraw the heat -of summer. Ang lálim nang balňn ay isŕ ng pantay-kawáyan. The depth -of the well is the length of a bamboo-tree. Ang laměg sa Amérika ay -masyádo. The cold in America is excessive. Ang ligsč nang usŕ ay hindí -gáya nang sa áso. The speed of the deer is not equal to that of the -dog. Ang samá nang ságing na itň ay nása ugŕt. The trouble with this -banana-tree is at the root. ang taŕs nang káhoy the height of the tree. - -(b) When expressing an object endowed with a quality, the root-word -is in competition with words formed with the prefix ma- (§ 454). It -usually stands as a predicate or as conjunctive attribute of another -word. ang túbig na álat salt-water, ang dágat na álat the salt-sea, the -ocean. Ang páko` ay baluktňt. The nail is crooked. Ang patalěm ay báwal -sa manga báta`. Children are not allowed to have sharp tools. Ang itlůg -na yitň y bugňk (or: bulňk). This egg is rotten. Sya y bugňk. He is -crazy. ang buwísit na alíla` a repulsive servant. Ikŕw ay bwísit. You -are a bore. Manga gíliw ko ng ginoň! Honored sirs! isa ng táu ng -hámak a no-account person. ang táu ng lasěng the drunken man. Sya -y lasěng. He is drunk. ang pulúbe ng lumpň the lame beggar. Sya y -lumpň. He is lame. Si Hwŕn ay isa ng mahŕl na báta` sa kanya ng manga -magúlang. Juan is a child dear to his parents. Múra ang manga síle sa -panahň ng itň. Peppers are cheap at this time. Hindí pansěn ang piklŕt -sa mukhŕ nang dalága ng si Maryŕ. The scar on young Maria's face is not -noticeable. ang táo ng panňt a bald-headed man. isa ng báya ng payápa` -a tranquil town. Sya y pípe. He is dumb. Ang pintŕ nang bintána` ay -putč`. The window is painted white. Sagŕd ang kanya ng gupět. His -hair-cut is close. Sina Hwŕn ay salŕt sa pananamět. Juan and his -family are short of clothing. Akň y sawí sa pagsusúbo` sa báta`. I -am in an awkward position for feeding the child. Sáyang ang báta ng -si Hwŕn. Little Juan is to be regretted. Isa ng táo ng sinungáling -si Pédro. Pedro is a liar. Si Hwŕn ay isa ng táo ng tanyŕg. Juan is -a renowned man. Tanyŕg sya sa kanya ng kláse. He is at the head of -his class. ang tigŕs nang káhoy the hard part of the log. ang daŕ ng -tumpŕk the right road. si Untč` Shorty (as nickname). - -(3) If the words containing the root refer rather to an action or -occurrence, the uses of the root-word are more varied. - -(a) The root-word may refer to the action itself; it is used of -a single instance rather than of the action in general, which is -expressed rather by abstracts of action, though the distinction -is not always clear. The root-word so used is mostly in object -construction. Examples: Ang anyáya sa ákin ni Hwána ay áki ng -tinanggŕp. I accepted Juana's invitation. May bálě` ang kawáyan. The -bamboo has a break in it. May búhay pa ang púsa ng itň. This cat is -still alive. Ang dalamhátě nang kanya ng inŕ ay malakě. His mother's -grief is great. Sa damdam kň y nagumpisa nŕ ang malalaměg na áraw. I -think (literally: In my feeling) the cold days have begun. Si Hwŕn ay -sya ng pumáyag sa hilěng nilŕ sa kanya ng sasakyŕn. Juan was the one -who acceded to their request for his vehicle. Ang húgas nang pinggŕn -ay marumč. The washing of the dishes is dirty, i. e. The dishes have -been poorly washed. Ang kantŕ nang íbon ay maínam. The bird's song is -pleasant. Ang kasŕl ni Pédro at ni Maryŕ ay sa linggň. The wedding -of Pedro and Maria will be on Sunday. ang áki ng lúlan sa trén my -embarking (with all my goods) on the train. Ang pagakpŕk nang manga táo -ay nakabíbingi. The applause of the people was deafening. Ang páso` -sa paŕ ni Pédro ay malakě. The burn on Pedro's foot is large. Ang -pútol nang buhňk ni Hwŕn ay bakěl-bakěl. Juan's hair-cut is uneven. Sa -lúnes ang tagpú nila sa daŕ-ng-Balíwag. They are to meet on the Baliwag -road next Monday. ang tahňl ni Batň ng Bákal the barking of Iron Stone -(name of a dog). Ang támŕ nang báta` ay sa úlo. The child was struck -on the head. Binigyŕn ni Hwŕn nang isŕ ng tapěk ang kaybígan nya ng -si Pédro. Juan gave his friend Pedro a nudge. Ang kanya ng túlog ay -mabábaw. His sleep is light. Ang upú nang Intsěk ay patalungkň`. The -Chinese sit squatting. Butíhan mo ang yárě nang sambalílo. Put a good -finish on (the making of) the hat. - -(b) The root-word may express an object by virtue of which the -action becomes possible or has concrete manifestation; this use -closely approaches transient passives of various kinds. Root-words -in this use are most commonly conjunctive attributes, but the object -construction, especially in the predicate, is frequent. Ang ágaw nya -ng laruwŕn ay inilagay nyŕ sa kahňn. The toys he snatched were put by -him into a box. Síno sa manga táo ang ináko ni Mariyáno? Ang áko ni -Mariyáno ay si Pédro. Which one of the men did Mariano relieve?--The -one whom Mariano relieved is Pedro. Hwag kayň ng mamútol nang kawáya -ng hindí ninyo ári`. Don't make a cutting of bamboo not owned by you; -ang ári` property, ang may ári` the owner or master. Ang bigay nyŕ sa -ákin nang Paskň nang Panganganŕk na nagdaŕn ay isa ng tabakéra. For -last Christmas he gave me a tabatiere. ang bíhis nya ng damět the -(good) clothes she has put on (in place of her others). isa ng bíro` -a joke. ang byŕy na isdŕ` sa palŕisdáan the fish allowed to swim -free in the fish-reservoir. ang dalŕ that carried; Dalŕ ni Hwŕn ang -lumbň. Juan is carrying the cup. ang dikět nang apňy the blazing of the -fire. Ang orasŕn ni Hwŕn ay gáling sa Parěs. Juan's watch comes from -Paris. Ang tornělyo ng itň y gámit sa mákina. This screw is used in -the machine. ang gantě nya ng pála` the gift he gave in return. Ang -kwáko ng itň ay ganti ng pála` sa ákin ni Hwŕn. This cigar-holder -is a return-gift to me from Juan. May hálo ng iba ng bágay ang gátas -na itň. This milk has something else mixed in with it. háti ng gabě -midnight. Ang hampŕs na tinanggŕp ni Hwŕn sa kanya ng panginoňn ay -isŕ ng kabŕn. The whipping Juan got from his master was twenty-five -strokes. May hárang na púno-ng-káhoy ang daŕ ng patúngo sa báriyo -nang San-Visčnte. The road toward the district of San Vicente has a -tree obstructing it. Húle si Hwŕn nang pulěs. Juan was arrested by the -policeman. Ang igěb nya ng túbig ay marumč. The water he dipped from -the spring is dirty. Ang binŕbása nya ng librň ay kathŕ ni Risŕl. The -book he is reading was written by Rizal. Laŕn (or: taŕn) kay Pédro ang -alaála ng itň. This present is reserved for Pedro. Ang lákad ni Hwŕn -ay ang panghihirŕm. Juan's errand is to borrow something. Ang lúlan -ni Hwŕn sa kanya ng karitňn ay manga kahňn nang álak. Juan's load -on his wagon is cases of liquor; ang lúla ng kasangkápan the loaded -utensils. Ang manňk na yitň y lúto sa durúan. This chicken is roasted -on the spit. Nŕhúle si Hwŕn sa tabě nang kanya ng nákaw na kabáyo. Juan -was caught with the horse he stole. Ang pásak nang bangkŕ` ay bunňt -nang nyňg at pagkět. The boat is calked with cocoanut fibre and -wax. Ang pígil ni Hwŕn ay ang kabáyo. Juan is trying to restrain the -horse. Ang pintŕs ko kay Hwŕn ay ang kanya ng bísyo ng paginňm. What -I don't like about Juan is his vice of drunkenness. ang púlot anything -picked up; an adopted child. ang isa ng pútol na púno-ng-káhoy a tree -that has been cut up; Ang pútol nang káhoy ay nŕpakaiklč`. The wood has -been cut too short. Ang librň ay ang sadyá ko sa báhay ni Hwŕn. The -book is what I went to Juan's house for. Ang sakŕy sa trčn ay limŕ -ng kompanyŕ ng sundálo. The people in the train are five companies -of soldiers. Ang sangkŕp nang manňk ay kalabása. The chicken is -cooked with pumpkin. "Magsipagsísi kayň, manga táo ng makasalánan," -ang sigŕw nang kúra mulá sa půlpito. "Repent, ye sinners," was the cry -of the priest from the pulpit. isa ng súbo` a mouthful. Marámi sya ng -tágo ng kwaltŕ. He has much money saved away. Ang taněm nang búkid -ay pálay na malagkět. The field is planted with a sticky rice. Ang -tanggŕp nya ng bílin ay lubhŕ ng marámi. The commissions he received -were numerous. Malakŕs ang táwa ni Hwŕn. Juan's laughter was loud. Ang -táwag sa lugŕr na itň ay Kinamatayŕ-ng-Kabáyo. They call this place -Dead Horse. ang tungtňng that on which something stands; a mat on -which dishes are set (specific name: dikěn). Ang túrů nang báta` -ay ang mansánas sa mésa. The child is pointing at the apple on the -table. Ang usísa` sa ákin ni Hwŕn ay kung saan nŕndon ang kanya ng -sombréro. What Juan asked me was where his hat was. Walá sya ng uwě -ng manga librň. He did not bring home any books. Ang talěm nang gúlok -ay yári sa Yurúpa. The cutting-edge of the bolo is made in Europe. - -(c) Especially with the particle nŕ (§ 223) the root-word often -expresses a brusque command; in this use it is in competition with -transient forms. Dalí ka nang iyo ng pagtakbň. Hurry your running, -i. e. Run faster. Hampŕs na kayň, manga báta`, sa manga langgŕm. Whip -at the ants, boys. Hátě na nang mansánas. Divide up the apples. Hintú -na kayň, manga báta`. Stop, children. Ísip na kayň kung anň ang -kahulugŕn nang áki ng bugtňng. Guess the meaning of my riddle. Láyas -na! Get out! Lígů na! Take a bath! Luksu nŕ sa tiněk na iyŕn. Jump -across those spines. Sáma nŕ sa kanyŕ. Go to him. Táwag na nang manga -polěs. Call the police. Tayň`. Stand up. Upú na. Sit down. - -(d) Repeated with nang (§ 191) root-words, as predicates, denote an -actor in repeated and continuous action: Nŕkíta ko ng pútol nang pútol -si Hwŕn nang tubň. I saw Juan cutting away at the sugar-cane. Similarly -(see Index) bilě and táwa. - -342. Root-words with accent-shift. Barytone roots are used as -root-words with shift of accent to the last syllable to denote -something which has been affected by the action, quality, or (in -fewer cases) thing, which is denoted by the root. The particle nŕ -is usually added. Agaw nŕ sa súnog ang manga laruwŕn. The toys have -been snatched from the fire. Awá na si Hwŕn sa kanya ng pinarůrusáha -ng anŕk. Juan is already overcome with pity for his child, whom he -is punishing. Ang áso ni Hwŕn ay bahŕy. Juan's dog is grown up in the -house, is completely domesticated. Ang báta ng si Hwŕn ay bahŕy. Little -Juan is shy, is unused to strangers. Bayad nŕ ang útang sa ákin ni -Hwŕn. Juan's debt to me is paid now. Bihis nŕ ang báta`. The child's -clothes have been changed, The child is dressed up now. Bilang nŕ -ang manga itlňg na itň. These eggs are already counted. Ang úlo -ni Hwŕn ay bilňg. Juan's head is round; or: Juan has been fooled; -ang bilňg na tábo` the round dipper. Buhŕy ang áki ng inŕ. My mother -is living. Sya y bulŕg. He is blinded; or: He is blind; ang babáye -ng bulŕg the blind woman. Daing nŕ ang isdŕ`. The fish has been laid -open. isa ng táo ng gutňm a hungry (or: gluttonous) person. Hatí na ang -tubň. The sugar-cane is cut in two. Huli nŕ si Hwána sa trén. Juana is -late for the train. Ang karnč ay ihaw nŕ. The meat is done. Init nŕ ang -gátas. The milk is heated. Kayas nŕ ang kawáya ng itň. This bamboo is -already smoothed. Ang pagkůkúnan nya nang itlňg ay ang kahň ng kulang -nŕ. He will take eggs from the box that is already started (literally: -incomplete, cf. Ápat na sčntimos ang kúlang nitň. This lacks four -cents, is four cents too little). Lakŕd kamě ng umwč`. We went home -on foot. Lipas nŕ ang gamňt (ang pabangň`). The medicine (the perfume) -is stale, has lost its strength. Lipas nŕ ang áki ng gútom. My hunger -has disappeared. Pasň` ang lugŕr na itň nang kanya ng kamŕy. This spot -on his hand is burned; ang pasň` a pottery dish. Ang pagkakŕgalítan -ni Hwŕn at ni Pédro ay pawí nŕ. The quarrel between Juan and Pedro is -now allayed. Pigil nŕ ang kabáyo. The horse is under control now. Ang -káhoy ay putul nŕ. The wood is now cut. Itň y sirá na. This is already -ruined. Sunňg ang damět na kanya ng pinirěnsa. The clothes which she -ironed are scorched; sunňg na asúkal burnt sugar. Tamá na ang iyo -ng pagkwčnta. Now you have figured it correctly. Tipun nŕ an manga -kalabŕw. Now the carabao are rounded up. Tulis nŕ ang lápis. The -pencil is sharpened. Turň` ang kanya ng dalíre`. His finger is stiff. - -This form occurs, in this book, also from the following roots (see -Index): básag, búnot, gálit, gámit, hása`, kilála, lápad, límang, -págod, sákop, sánay, súlat, tápos, tiwála`, túloy. - -(a) In the case of some roots this form is used like a simple root-word -without accent-shift; these are roots in which the accent-shift -expresses a modification of the material meaning; see § 337. So: -alŕm that known (see Index); Babá na riyŕn sa iyň ng kinŕůupŕn! Come -down from your perch! Ang sakět na kanya ng tinítiis ay ang lagnŕt na -típus. The sickness from which he is suffering is typhoid fever. (ang -sákit na kanya ng tinítiěs the grief he is enduring). Sama táyo -sa pagbilě nang pálay. Let us be partners in buying rice. Cf. also -hulě, above. - -(b) In oxytone roots, where the accent-shift cannot occur, our form -is homonymous with the simple root-word: Bigti nŕ si Pédro. Pedro -is now strangled. Bukas nŕ ang láta. The can is opened. Busug nŕ ang -manga háyop. The animals have been fed their fill. Hintú na ang trén -nang akň y sumakŕy. The train had stopped when I got on. Hubad nŕ ang -báta`. The child is undressed now. Ang manga Igoróte ay hubŕd. The -Igorote go naked. Hungkuy nŕ ang bigŕs. The rice is fanned now. Sya -y kasŕl. He (she) is married. Pantay nŕ ang lúpa`. The ground has -been levelled. Nŕkíta ko ng patěd ang sampáyan nang damět. I saw that -the clothes-line was broken. Punú na ang bóte ng itň. This bottle is -already full. Tayú na ang báhay. The house is already erected. Tikwas -nŕ ang káhoy. One end of the log is down. - -Similarly are used: angkěn, bilě, tadtŕd, tuwŕ`. - - - -(2) Doubling. - -343. Simple doubling. Simple doubling expresses explicit plurality or -repetition, often with the idea of variation, intensity, or diminution: -ápat-ápat four by four, four at a time, ang mata-matŕ trellis-work. Ang -dúrů nya nang karáyom ay hindi parč-parého. Her stitches with the -needle are not even. Sabŕy-sabŕy sila ng umalěs. They all went away at -the same time. Similarly from: agŕd, alěn, anň, áraw, bágay, bakěl, -baluktňt, barŕ, gabě, gibŕ`, halň`, isŕ, lahŕt, líbo, linggň, loňb, -pantŕy, sári`, síno, sunňd, tulŕ`, untě`. - -(a) The simple root does not occur and the meaning is discrepant in -paru-parň butterfly. - -(b) From derived words, in the same meaning: kaní-kanilŕ (ka-n-ilŕ § -528), kaní-kaníno (ka-n-í-no § 528), dalá-dalawŕ two by two, two at -a time (da-lawŕ § 345), tatlu-tatlň three by three, three at a time -(ta-tlň § 345). - -(c) With retraction of accent: Dálě-dáli sya ng tumakbň. He ran off -like a flash. - -344. (1) D. In some cases the accent is shifted; the meaning is the -same: Putňl-putňl ang katawŕn ni Hwŕn nang áki ng mŕkíta. Juan's body -was all cut up when I saw it. This form from: báhay, báyan, púnit, -sábi, súlok. - - - -(3) Reduplication. - -345. Simple reduplication. In a very few cases the place of the -root-word is taken by the root with reduplication. The only clear -case is tutulč ear-wax, root -tulč. The numerals dalawŕ two and tatlň -three seem to be irregularly reduplicated forms of roots -lawŕ and -tlň -(for -talň?), as a few of the derivatives seem to indicate. A number -of words, treated in the following as simple roots, have, however, -the aspect of this formation: babáye, bibingkŕ, bubuwět a kind of -mouse, gagambŕ, laláki, papáya (Spanish), tutubč, totoň. - -346. Accented reduplication. Accented reduplication is used chiefly -in transient forms (§ 348); distinct from this use seems to be that -of numerals, in the meaning of only so many: ŕápat, íilŕn, íisŕ; -similarly dá-dalawŕ only two (from da-lawŕ) (§ 345). - -mámayŕ`, mámyŕ` seems to be felt as a simple root-word and has been -treated as such. - - - -(4) pang-. - -347. Of the two prefixes round which primary forms are grouped (§ -340), pag- is used only for abstracts of action (§§ 348. 350. 351); -with pang- are formed words denoting the thing used for doing so -and so, or as such and such: Nawalŕ` ang kanyŕ ng pangakála`. His -power of thought left him. ang pangatěp that used for roofing, a -shingle. Magpapútol ka, Pédro, nang manga kawáya ng pangbákod. Have -some bamboo cut for a fence, Pedro. ang pangbambň a stick or club used -for beating. pangbayň instrument for pounding rice, pestle. pangdilěg -implements used for sprinkling. panggápas a slicer, a curved knife -with saw-toothed edge. Ang ginámit nya ng panggupět na guntěng -sa damět ay mapurňl. The scissors he used for cutting cloth were -dull; also simply: ang panggupět scissors, shears, ang panghampŕs -a whip. Ang ginawŕ ng panghárang sa daŕn nang manga tulisŕn ay -isa ng gibŕ ng karitňn. The robbers used a broken-down wagon to -make the obstruction on the road. Ang laséta ng itň ay pangháte` -nang dáyap. This knife is used for cutting limes. ang panglípa` the -sticky mud used for smoothing the threshing-floor. ang pangagínip a -dream. pamitěk a single rein (one guides the animal by flicking it -in various ways, cf. pitěk a fillip, a flick, a snap). pamatŕy in -pamatay-kúto thumb, literally: that with which one kills head-lice -(kúto). Pamútol nang buhňk ang guntěng na itň. These shears are -used for cutting hair. Ang salawŕl na yitň y sya kň ng pangsakŕy sa -kabáyo. These are my trousers for horseback-riding. Ang manga pintň ng -may pangsarŕ na gámit ay sumásara ng kúsa`. Doors that have closing -attachments close themselves automatically. ang panáli` a halter or -rope for tying up an animal. Ang kulilěng na ytň y sya ků ng panáwag -nang alíla`. This bell is what I use for calling the servants; also: -pangtáwag. Ang pangtayň nang halíge ay hindí dumating. The instruments -for setting up posts (i. e. the cranes) did not arrive. Ang kalaykŕy -ay sya kň ng ginámit na pangtípon nang manga bunňt na damň. I used -the rake for piling up the uprooted grass. ang panúro` a pointer, -anything used for pointing. Sya y may salawŕl na pangupň sa damúhan -at gayon děn máy-roon syŕ ng pangupň sa sůgálan. He has trousers for -sitting on the lawn and others for when he sits at the gaming-table. - -Similarly from, the following roots: áhit, áko`, alaála, anŕk, bilě, -bilmět, dalángin, gamňt, hilámos, húli, ísip, ngalán, pálo`, pukpňk, -sábong, takěp, taněm, tiwála`. - -(a) This derivative from numerals denotes a thing used to fill such -and such a place: ang pangápat that used as fourth, as: the fourth -horse in a team; of similar meaning: panglimŕ fifth, pangánim sixth, -pamitň seventh, pangwalň eighth, pangsiyŕm ninth. From the ordinal -(§ 416,a) is formed pangúna first. From phrases the higher numbers: -pangsa-m-pů` the tenth (sa m pů` ten), panglabi-ng-isŕ the eleventh -(labi ng isŕ), pangdalawa-ng-pů` twentieth, pamito-ng-pů` seventieth. - -(b) A few formations show irregularities: panukála` equivalent to -pangakála` above, is felt to belong with akála`; cf. the similar -insertion of u in paubáya` (§ 481,d); panginoňn master, does not seem -to be felt as a derivative of ginoň and has therefore been treated -as a separate root. - -Second and third are derived from the reduplicated form (§ 345) and -show phonetic irregularity: ang pangalawŕ the second; one's second -in a duel; pangatlň third, third horse in a gun-carriage; similarly -pangatlo-ng-pů` the thirtieth. - -(c) From root with accent shift (§ 337) only panghulč the last (of -an established series). - - - -B. Transients, abstracts, and special static words. - -(1) Active with -um- and abstract with pag-. - -348. Of the active forms of the primary groups, that of the type with -prefix zero expresses the actor in a simple action or process. Both of -the punctual forms, actual and contingent, are made with infix -um-; -the actual durative consists of the root reduplicated, with infix --um-; the contingent durative is reduplicated, but lacks the infix; -the reduplication is in both cases accented. The abstract of action -consists of the root with prefix pag-. Thus the forms are: p-um-útol, -p-um-ů-pútol, p-um-útol, pů-pútol, pag-pútol. Examples: - -Umabang kŕ nang maglalakň nang gátas. Watch for a milkman. Sya y umágaw -nang manga laruwŕn. He snatched some toys. Sya y umáhon sa ílog (sa -bundňk, sa gulňd). He went up the river (up into the mountains, up -the hill). Pumútol ka, Hwŕn, nang búho`, pagáhon mo sa bundňk. When -you go up into the mountains, Juan, cut some slender bamboo. Umámin -sila Pédro sa harapŕn nang hukňm. Pedro and his band confessed before -the judge. umámot sold, of other than a regular merchant. Umánib -ka kay Pédro. Let your mat overlap Pedro's, i. e. Sleep next to -Pedro. Umangkěn ka nang laruwŕn. Take some toys for yourself. Ang -pagáyaw nya ng kumáin nang karnč ay sya ng nakabůbúte sa kanyŕ. His -not being willing to eat meat is what does him good. Ang halíge nang -báhay ay bumába` sapagkŕt hindí káya nang lúpa` ang bigŕt na kanya -ng dinádala. The post of the house sank because the weight it was -bearing was too great for the ground. Bŕbábag si Hwŕn nang kanya -ng kalarň`. Juan will fight with one of his playmates. Bumaluktot -kŕ nang yantňk. Bend a piece of rattan. Ang áhas ay bumaluktňt. The -snake doubled itself up. Bumálot ka nang súman (nang sigarělyo, nang -kúmot). Roll up some suman (sticky rice cooked in banana-leaves; some -cigarettes, a blanket). Ang pagbása ay mahírap. Reading is hard. Sya -y bumigtě nang táo. He choked a man to death. Ang pagbigtě ay isa -ng pagpatŕy sa kápwa táo sa pamamagítan nang pagsakŕl. Strangling -is killing a person by means of choking. Bumílog si Hwŕn nang isa -ng turumpň. Juan turned out (on a lathe) a spinning-top. Bumíngit -sya sa malaki ng pangánib. He went (voluntarily) to the brink of a -great danger. Bumitěw sa lúbid ang isŕ sa inyň. One of you let go -of the rope. Bumúbukŕs ang manga bulaklŕk sa hŕlamanŕn. The flowers -in the garden are opening. Sya y bumúnot nang damň. He plucked up -some grass. Lahŕt nang táo sa báya ng iyňn ay bumóto sa kandidáto -ng si Manikěs. All the people in that town voted for the candidate -Maniquís. Ang halíge ay dumádala nang tahílan. The post bears up -girders. Dumamdŕm si Hwŕn nang isa ng mabigŕt na sakět. Juan felt a -severe pain. Sya y dumapŕ`. He lay down on his face. Ang kanitŕ ng -kwaltŕ sa bangkň ay kasalukúya ng gumŕgána nang buwěs. Your money -and mine in the bank is even now earning interest. gumantě act -in retaliation. gumápas cut with the panggápas. Ang máy sakět ay -guminháwa. The patient became more comfortable ... ay guměginháwa -nŕ ... is getting more comfortable now. Sya y humalěk sa kanya ng -nánay. She kissed her mother. Ang báta ng si Hwŕn ang humampŕs sa -anŕk ni Áli ng Maryŕ. It was little Juan who hit Aunt Maria's little -boy with a whip. ang paghánap a seeking (especially of one's daily -bread). Sya y humárang nang manga táo ng nagháhatid nang kabáyo sa -báya-ng-San-Migčl. He held up some people who were taking horses to -the town of San Miguel. Akň ay humátě nang mansánas. I cut an apple in -two. Humátě ako nang manga itlňg na binilč ni Hwána. I took half of the -eggs Juana bought. Ingátan mo ang pagháwak sa mákina ng iyŕn, sapagkŕt -baká ka maputúlan nang dalíri` na gáya nang nangyári sa ibŕ. Be careful -how you take hold of that machine, for you might get your finger cut -off like others before you. Humínŕ nang pagtakbň ang kabáyo. The -horse lost its speed as a runner. ang paghingě` a requesting, a -request. Híhiram kamě nang librň sa libreríya. We shall borrow books -from the library. humúla` predicted, prophesied. umigěb get water by -dipping from a well, spring, or stream. Akň y uměíhip nang píto. I -was blowing the small flute. Uměíhip ang hángi ng habágat. The spring -wind is blowing. Umílag ka. Get out of the way. Ang kanyŕ ng manga -pagilŕng ay lubhŕ ng makínis. His little dodges are very clever. Umínit -ang plŕnsa. The flatiron became hot. Umínit ang túbig. The water got -hot. Ang paginům nang álak ay masamŕ`. Drinking liquor is harmful. Sya -y uminům nang gátas. He drank some milk. Umísip ka, Nánay, nang -isa ng kwčnto. Try to think of a story, Mother. Ang pagísip nang -bugtňng na itň ay mahírap. This riddle is hard to solve. ang kanyŕ -ng pagiyŕk her weeping. kumabiyŕw press sugar-cane. Kumaluskňs sa -súlok ang dagŕ`. The rat pattered in the corner, i. e. I heard the -pattering of a rat in the corner. Ang íbon ay kumákantŕ. The bird is -singing. Kumapá si Hwŕn nang itlňg sa púgad nang manňk. Juan felt out -some eggs in the hen's nest. Kumákapá sya nang isa ng palakŕ`. He felt -around for a frog. Sya y kumáyas nang isa ng kawáyan. He smoothed a -stick of bamboo. Hwag kŕ ng kumurňt ngayňn! Don't pinch now! Si Pédro -ay lumabŕs. Pedro went out. Ang áso y lumŕlámon. The dog is feeding. Si -Pédro ay lumŕlámon at hindí kumŕkáin. Pedro is eating like an animal, -not like a human being. Lumáyag si Manuwčl sa Amérika. Manuel sailed -(i. e. voyaged) to America (ang láyag a sail). Ang bantay-pálay ay -lumáyas. The watchman of the rice-field left his post. Isa ng sundálo -ay lumáyas sa ínit nang paglalabanŕn. A soldier deserted in the heat -of the battle. Sya y lumíbot. He went for a walk. Magpútol ka, Pédro, -nang manga kúgon, úpang lumínis ang búkid. Cut the cugon-grass, Pedro, -so that the field may become clear. Si Pédro ay lumípat sa iba ng -báyan. Pedro moved to another town. Lumuhod kŕ, Hwán. Kneel down, -Juan. Si Hwŕn ay lumuhňd sa harŕp nang háre`. Juan knelt down before -the king. Sya y ngumíngitě`. She is smiling. Pumagítan sya sa dalawŕ -ng dalága. He placed himself between two young ladies. Akň y pumána -nang usŕ. I shot an arrow at a stag (pána` an arrow). Pumánaw ang -kanya ng hiningŕ. His breath departed, i. e. He gave up the ghost. Si -Hwŕn ang pumáso sa áki ng kulugň. It was Juan who burned out my -wart for me. Huwŕg kŕ ng pumatěd nang sampáyan! Don't you break -the clothes-line! Si Hwŕn ay sya ng pumáyag sa paraŕ ng itň. It was -Juan who agreed to this plan. Sya y pumŕpáyag. He is willing. Pumíli -akň nang malakě ng mansánas. I chose a big apple. Puměpílit sya ng -magbukŕs nang kabŕ ng bákal. He was trying hard to open an iron -safe. (But punctual: Pumílit sya ... He forced open...). pumitěk -give a fillip, snap at with one's finger. Sya y pumúpukpňk nang -bunňt nang nyňg. He is pounding cocoanut husks. Pumůpútol nang -kawáyan si Mariyáno. Mariano is cutting bamboo. Půpútol ... will -cut.... Ang sumŕsábuy na túbig ay nanggŕgáling sa bubungŕn nang -báhay. The water that was splashing on us came from the roof of the -house. sumagása` jostle. sumaguwŕn paddle. sumáhod put something under -to catch what flows or falls. Sya y sumásakay sa bangka` nang akň y -dumatěng. He was getting into the canoe when I arrived. Sumála siyŕ -sa singsěng. He missed the ring (in the juego de anillo, in which -one tries to catch a ring on a stick). sumálok dip out water (ang -sálok a dipper, a basket for catching fruit when it is cut from the -tree; a net for catching insects). Sya y sumandňk nang sináing. She -dipped out some boiled rice. Sumánib ka kay Pédro, (same meaning -as umánib above). Sumíkad ang kabáyo. The horse struck out, gave a -kick. Sumikěp ang daŕn sa karamíhan nang táo. The road became crowded -with the multitude of people. Sumikěp ang damět. The garment shrank -and became tight. Sumiksěk si Hwŕn sa púlong nang manga táo. Juan -crowded his way into the gathering of people. Sumilakbň ang apňy (ang -kanya ng gálit, ang kanya ng tuwŕ`). The fire (his anger, his joy) -welled up. Ang pagsintŕ ni Pédro ay hindí tinanggŕp nang dalága. The -young lady did not accept Pedro's proffer of love. Siyŕ ang sumuklŕy -sa kanya ng anŕk. It was she herself who combed her child's hair (ang -suklŕy a comb). sumúlid spin thread. sumúlong push ahead, progress; -also as family name: Sumúlong. Si Pédro ay sumundň` nang páre`. Pedro -fetched a priest. Hindí sya nagkapálad sa pagsundň nang médiko. He did -not succeed in fetching a doctor. Pagsuntok nyŕ ay tumakbo kŕ. When -he strikes you, run (suntňk a blow on the head). Sya y sumúsutsňt. He -is whistling. Ang báta y tumahímik. The boy quieted down. Tumátahňl -ang áso. The dog was barking. Sya y tumámŕ sa hwéting. He won in -the lottery. Tumátandá siyŕ. He is getting old. Sya y tumánod sa -báhay sa boň ng magdamŕg. He guarded the house all night. Tumanůng -akň kay Hwŕn. I asked Juan. Tumanůng akň nang kwŕlta kay Hwŕn. I -asked Juan for money. tumanghŕ` wonder. Sya y tumátangň`. He -is willing, He assents. Tumŕtáwa siyŕ. He is laughing. Ikŕw ang -tumáwag kay Hwŕn. Do you call Juan. Nárinig ko ang iyň ng pagtáwag -sa ákin. I heard you calling me. Sya y tumayň`. He stood up. tumibŕ` -cut bananas off the tree. tumilŕd cut wood small along the grain, -shave off, cut into small parts. Sya y tumimbá nang túbig. He drew -water with a bucket. ang pagtingěn the act of looking at something, -observation. Ang pagtipěd sa kwaltŕ ay ginágawa nang marámi. Many -people practise economy in the matter of money. Ang pagtípon sa manga -káhoy kung tagulŕn ay mahírap, sapagkŕt mapútik. It is hard to collect -logs in the rainy season, on account of the mud. Tumirŕ si Hwŕn na -isa ng taňn sa báya-ng-Balíwag. Juan lived one year in the town of -Baliuag. tumukŕ` pick with the beak (tukŕ` the beak of a fowl). Sya y -tumúlak sa isinůsúlong na kahň ng bákal. He pushed (i. e. took part in -pushing) at the iron safe they were moving. Also: Sya y tumúlak. He -"shoved off", i. e. He went away. Si Hwŕn ay tumúlog sa báhay ni -Pédro. Juan went and slept in Pedro's house. Ang kanya ng pagtúlog ay -mabábaw. His sleep is light. Tumúngo sya sa báya-ng-Balíwag. He went -toward Baliuag. Ang pagubrŕ nang manga barěl na ytň sa pamamarěl nang -kalabŕw-ramň ay hindí pinakamabúte. These guns are not the best for -shooting wild carabao. Umubrŕ ang ininům nya ng purgŕ. The purge he -drank took effect. Umubrŕ sa kakanŕn ang kanya ng ginawŕ ng lamésa. The -table he made was suitable for the dining-room. Umubrŕ ng nagámit -ang tornělyo ng bákal sa lugŕr nang tansň. It was possible to use -the iron screw instead of the copper. Sya y umupň`. He sat down. Ang -pagupň` sa hángin ay isa ng mahírap na parúsa. "Sitting on the air" -(standing in sitting position with the forefingers pointing up) is -a hard punishment. Umůúrung ang trčn. The train is backing. Umútang -ka nang salapě kay Pédro. Borrow some money from Pedro. Umuwé si -Hwŕn. Juan went home, Yumáyŕ si Hwŕn nang kanya ng mangŕ kaybígan. Juan -invited some of his friends. ang pagyáya` the invitation. - -Other roots occurring in these forms (and roots occurring above -out of their alphabetical order): abála, ágos, ákay, akiyŕt, alěs, -ása, áyon, bábaw, bahŕ`, balěk, bílang, bilě, búhat, bútas, daěng, -dála, dalŕs, dálaw, dalň, dámi, dápit, dápo`, darŕs, datěng, dilěm, -dúkit, dumě, doňn, galŕw, gámit, gamňt, gápang, gastŕ, gawŕ`, gúlang, -gupět, gustň, hába`, hábol, hágod, hakbŕng, hángo`, harŕp, hátak, -higŕ`, híla, hilěng, hingŕ, húkay, húli, húni, íbig, kagŕt, káin, -kalabňg, kápit, katŕm, kibň`, kilála, kílos, kiněg, kíta, kúha, -kulňng, kuwčnta, lában, lagánap, lagpŕk, lákad, lakŕs, lakě, laměg, -lampŕs, langňy, lápit, lígaw, lindňl, lipŕd, litŕw, liwánag, lubňg, -lúha`, luksň, luwŕs, nákaw, ngiyŕw, panhěk, pasŕn, pások, patŕy, páwis, -píhit, pitŕs, pukňl, púri, putňk, sagňt, sakŕl, sákop, salákay, sáma, -sanggŕ, sápit, sarŕ, sayŕw, sigŕw, síkat, silěd, sípa`, sísid, subň, -súgat, súlat, sumpňng, sunňd, suwŕy, súyo`, tabŕ`, tagŕ`, takbň, tálik, -talňn, tanŕw, tanglŕw, taráto, tawěd, tíbay, tiktěk, tikuwŕs, túbo`, -tugtňg, tuktňk, túlong, tungtňng, tupŕd, ulŕn, ulě`, untě`, úpa, yáman. - -(a) Kumusta kŕ? How d'you do? may be felt to belong here. [10] - -(b) An irregular inflection in which variation of the initial -consonant takes the place of the infix is known to Mr. Santiago from -a few traditional phrases: Hwag kŕ ng matŕy (for: pumatŕy) nang kápwa -táo. Thou shalt not kill. - -(c) Forms with accent shift owe this feature to the root (§ 337): -Umabňt ka nang isa ng mansánas. Help yourself to an apple. Ang -sumunňd na silakbň nang lagablŕb ay siya ng umabňt sa bubungŕn. The -next leap of the flame reached the roof. Ang pagabůt nang búnga ng -itň ay mahírap. This fruit is hard to reach. Nárinig ko syŕ sa kanya -ng pagayŕw sa sinábe ni Hwŕn. I heard him disagree with what Juan -had said. Nagálit akň sa kanya ng pagayŕw sa lamésa. I was angered -at his leaving the table. Si Pédro ay umayŕw na. Pedro has left the -table. Similarly from bába` and sákit. - -(d) From a phrase: Hindí marúnong gumanti-ng-pála` si Hwŕn. Juan does -not know how to make return for kindness (gantě ng pála`). - -(e) From derived words: tumagílid, pagtagílid (ta-gílid § 523); -tumalíkod, pagtalíkod (ta-líkod § 523). See also §§ 404. 488. - -349. The doubled root with the same formation is used of actions -aimlessly repeated at intervals. Nátinik syŕ sa kanya ng pagtakbň-takbň -sa bakúran. In his constant running about the yard, he got a splinter -into his foot. Tumŕtáwa-táwa si Hwŕn hábang nagbíbigkŕs nang talumpáte -si Pédro. Juan kept laughing at intervals while Pedro was making his -speech. Si Hwŕn ay tumŕtáwa-táwa nang sya y hampasěn ni Pédro. When -Juan kept laughing every little while, Pedro finally struck him with -the whip. - -(a) From a root with accent shift (§ 337): Tumátawa-tawŕ si Hwŕn twě ng -ákin sya ng mŕmasdŕn hábang nagbíbigkas nang talumpáte si Pédro. Juan -kept snickering every time I happened to look at him while Pedro was -delivering his oration. - - - -(2) Active with mag- and abstract with pag-r. - -350. Many roots form their active with the prefix mag- for the -contingent, nag- for the actual mode; the durative is reduplicated -before the prefix is added. The corresponding abstract of action -has unaccented reduplication and prefix pag-. Thus: nagpútol, -nag-pů-pútol, mag-pútol, mag-pů-pútol, pag-pu-pútol. These actives -express, generally, a more deliberate action than those with -um-; -often also one involving more effect on external objects than do those -with -um-. We take up first those roots from which forms with -um- -do not occur in our material: - -Akň y nagáantňk. I am sleepy. Ang lúsong kay Hwŕn sa kanya ng pagaaráro -ay nagsidating nŕ. The helpers for Juan in his plowing have arrived -(ang aráro a plow). Si Pédro ay magŕasáwa. Pedro is going to take -a wife. Si Pédro ay magŕasáwa kay Hwána. Pedro is going to marry -Juana. Silŕ y nagŕáway. They are fighting. magbáhay build a house. Akň -y nagbastŕ nang áki ng damět. I packed up my clothes. Sya y nagbáyad -nang kanyŕ ng manga útang. He paid off his debts. magbayň pound rice -in a mortar. magbigŕs hull rice (i. e. make bigŕs, hulled rice, out -of pálay, rice in the grain). Sya y nagbigŕy nang librň sa ákin. He -gave me some books. Sya y nagbíhis kanína ng umága. She put on her -good clothes this morning. Ang pagbibiyábo ay isa ng ugáli nang -manga Intsčk. Swinging the feet when sitting is a habit of the -Chinese. Nagbiyŕy si Hwŕn nang isdŕ` sa kanya ng palŕisdáan. Juan -put some fish into his fishpond. magbuhňl tie a knot. Nagbwŕl -sila nang isa ng púno-ng-káhoy. They felled a tree. Ang ságing ay -nagdŕdáhon. The banana-tree is putting out leaves. Ang paghahása` -nang pangáhit ay mahírap. Sharpening razors is difficult. Sya y -nagháhatěd nang manga laráwan sa simbáhan. He is delivering images -to the church. Maghubad kŕ nang damět. Take off your clothes. Sya -y naghůhúgas nang pinggŕn. She is washing dishes. Naghungkňy -sya. He fanned rice. magíhaw roast (something). Nagkamět sya nang -marámi ng túbo`. He obtained much profit. Sya y nagkúkuble. He is in -hiding. maglakň` peddle (something). Maglálarú na siyŕ. He is going to -play after all. Naglarú na akň. I have played enough now. Naglálaro -silŕ. They are playing. Naglawět akň nang lúbid sa bintána`. I hung -a rope out of the window. maglúgaw prepare rice-broth. Naglůlúto -siyŕ nang gúlay. She is cooking vegetables. Sya y magpápasyŕl. He -is going to take a walk. Nagpůpúnas sya nang sahěg. He is scrubbing -floors. Nagpúyat akň kagabě. I staid up last night. magsáing cook -rice dry (with little water). Nagsampŕy sya nang damět. She hung -out some clothes. Sya y nagtábon nang isa ng húkay. He dammed up a -ditch. Magtahŕn ka nang paglalarň`. Stop playing. Nang nárinig nya -iyňn ay malakě ang kanya ng nagěng pagtatakŕ. When he heard this, -his surprise was great. Sya y nagtálě nang bábuy sa halíge. He -tied a pig to the post. Magtúrů ka nang wíka ng Kapampángan sa -iyo ng pŕaralŕn. Teach the Pampanga language in your school. Sya y -nagtůtúro`. He is teaching. Támŕ ang kanya ng pagtutwěd. His reckoning -is correct. Sya y nagusísa`. He made inquiry. Sya y nagusísa nang -marámi ng bágay. He inquired into many things. Hindí ba akň nagútos -sa iyň ng gumawá itň? Didn't I order you to do this? Ang pagwawalá -nang mangŕ bíhag ay pinarůrusáhan nang kamŕtáyan. The escaping of -captives is punished with death. Sya y nagwáwalěs. She is sweeping. - -Other roots so used: akála`, alaskuwátro, alsŕ, aluwáge, aniyň`, ári`, -balíta`, bantŕy, bángon, bátis, baňn, bigkŕs, bendisiyňn, biniyŕg, -bintŕng, bunň`, búnga, daŕn, dalamháti`, dasŕl, dáos, dáya`, díwang, -dugň`, dúsa, rosáriyo, hágis, handŕ`, hári`, hátol, hinála`, hintŕy, -hintň`, hírap, hiwalŕy, íngat, kasŕl, kúlang, kumpisŕl, kurůs, -kuwčnto, lasěng, libŕng, liběng, ligtŕs, limňs, litsňn, liwalěw, -lubŕy, lublňb, mahŕl, máno, masěd, milágro, mísa, mulŕ`, ningněng, -pasiyčnsiya, paséyo, sábi, sábog, sábong, sadiyŕ`, salitŕ`, sánay, -silbč, simbŕ, sísi, siyásat, súbo`, sugŕl, sumbňng, sundálo, tabáko, -tadtŕd, tágo`, tálo, talumpáti`, tamň, taniyŕg, tangŕy, tanggňl, -tígil, tinděg, trabáho, túlin, túlos, umpisŕ, úsap, wíka`. - -351. When a root is used both with -um- and mag-, the latter form -usually differs by adding another object affected (dumalŕ bear, bear -up: magdalŕ carry to someone, to a place; bumalěk go back; magbalěk -return to a place, to someone); in some instances the added object -is the actor himself (reflexive); in others the mag- form expresses -a general activity, that with -um- a specific act (so, in part, -pútol). Examples: - -Sya y nagŕáral. He is studying (umáral is known as an archaic word -for teach morals, instruct; ang áral that taught, precept, moral -doctrine). Magbaluktot kŕ nang yantňk. Curve some pieces of rattan -(bumaluktňt, § 348, intransitive or of a single specific transitive -action). Magbálot ka nang súman, nang sigarělyo. Roll up some suman, -some cigarettes (more general than -um-); Magbálot ka nang kúmot. Wrap -yourself up in a blanket (cf. -um-, § 348). Si Hwŕn ay nagbigtě. Juan -hanged himself; ang pagbibigtě suicide by hanging. Nagbilč si Hwána -nang marámi ng sombréro. Juana sold many hats. Nagbíbile si Hwána -nang sombréro. Juana is selling hats (bumilě buy). Siya y nagdádala -nang túbig sa kabáyo. He is bringing water to the horse. Ang báta` ay -nagdádala nang káhoy. The boy is bringing wood. Hwag kŕ ng magdamdŕm -sa hindí ko pagkatupŕd nang áki ng pangáko`, sapagkŕt iyň y hindí ko -sinadyŕ`. Don't feel bad about my not having fulfilled my promise, -for I did not do it intentionally (dumamdŕm feel something). Si Hwŕn ay -naghampŕs noň ng Byerne-sŕnto ng nagdaŕn. Juan performed flagellation -last Good Friday. Maghánap kayň nang inyo ng ikabůbúhay. Go and find a -living for yourselves. Sya y naghárang nang púno-ng-káhoy sa daŕn. He -blocked the road with a tree. Ang paghahárang sa daŕn ay báwal. It -is forbidden to make obstructions on the roads. Naghátě ako nang -manga bunga-ng-káhoy sa manga báta`. I distributed fruits among the -children; ... nang damň sa manga kabáyo ... grass to the horses. ang -paghaháti nang manga búnga-ng-káhoy sa manga báta` the distribution -of fruits to the children. Naghínŕ sya nang pagtuktňk sa pintň`. He -made his knocking at the door gentle. Sya y nagěínit nang gátas. She -is heating some milk. Magísip ka. Bethink yourself, Be reasonable. Si -Hwŕn ay nagísip na nakáwan si Pédro. Juan planned to rob Pedro. Ang -kanya ng pagiísip ay matálas (mahína`). His thinking-power is acute -(weak). Silŕ y nagkŕmáyan nang magkíta. They shook hands when they -met. Maglabas kŕ nang manga sělya. Bring out some chairs. ang -paglalákad the drawing of something on foot; Naglákad ang manga -estudyŕnte nang isŕ ng karósa. The students drew a float. Sya y -naglíbot nang isa ng bandíla`. He walked about bearing a flag. Sya -y naglělínis nang mésa. He cleans tables. Ang pagnanákaw ay isa -ng kasalána ng mabigŕt. Thievery is a serious offense (numákaw of -a single theft). Nagpěpílit sya ng magbukŕs nang kaba ng bákal. He -tries (often) to force open safes. Pagpupútol ni Hwŕn nang búho` ay -pumaroňn ka t tulúngan mo syŕ. When Juan cuts bamboo (as an occupation -throughout a longer period of time), go along and help him. Magpůpútol -kamě nang manga kawáya ng gŕgamítin sa pagtatayň nang báhay. We shall -cut bamboo for use in building houses. Magpůpútol akň nang kukň. I -am going to cut my fingernails (reflexive). Nagpútol nang buhňk ang -Intsčk na si Yŕp. The Chinaman Yap cut his queue. Nagsakŕy sya sa kanya -ng bangkŕ nang dalawa ng estudyŕnte. He took two students into his -canoe. Nagsikěp ang daŕn. The road grew crowded (apparently equal to --um-, but cannot be used of a garment). Nagsísiksik si Hwŕn nang bigŕs -sa sáko. Juan was stuffing rice into the sack. Sya y nagsuklŕy. She -combed her hair. Ang pagtatahňl nang áso ng itň sa manga nagdŕdŕánan -ay masamŕ ng ugále`. This dog's way of barking at passers-by is a -bad habit. Ang Kastíla` ay nagtátanňng. The Spaniard was asking -questions. Nagtanůng akň kay Hwŕn kung saŕn ang daŕn. I asked -Juan where the road was (mag- with indirect questions or questions -implied). Si Hwŕn ay syŕ ng nagtáwag nang bágo ng léyi. It was Juan -who announced (as town crier) the new law. Ang pagtatáwag ni Hwŕn ay -hindí márinig nang karamíhan dahilŕn sa mahínŕ nya ng tiněg. Juan's -announcement was not audible to the majority, owing to his weak -voice. Sya y nagtayó nang bágu ng báhay. He built a new house. Ang -pagtatayó nang manga báhay díto ay lubhŕ ng mahalagŕ. The building -of houses here is very expensive. Nagtikwŕs si Pédro nang manga -suléras nang báhay. Pedro put some of the joists of the house out of -level. Ang pagtitipěd nang kwŕlta ay ginágawá nang maráme. Many people -save money. Nagtipěd si Hwŕn sa kanya ng pananamět. Juan was saving -of his clothing. Ang pagtitípon nang manga ŕrmas ay báwal. Storing up -arms is forbidden. Magtípun ka nang káhoy. Store up some wood. Sila y -nagtípon nang káhoy sa likňd nang kanila ng báhay. They stored up wood -in the rear of their house. Nagtípon siya nang manč` sa isa ng súlok -nang bakúran. He kept a pile of peanuts in a corner of his yard. Sya -y nagtúlak nang isinůsúlong na kahň ng bákal. He did the shoving of -the iron chest that was being moved (-um- shoved at, took part in the -shoving). Magúubra ang karitň ng itň sa mahírap na daŕn. This wagon -will be suitable for difficult roads. Nagupó sya nang manga báta sa -bangkň`. He seated some children on the bench. - -Similarly: balěk, bukŕs, kantŕ, sáboy, sáma, sarŕ, sayŕw, takbň, -talňn, tánod, tirŕ, yáya`. - -352. Transients with mag- are much used with derived words; in so -far as these belong to secondary groups, they will be treated below; -see §§ 384. 405. 410. 427,a. 430,a.b.c. 453,a. 489. 489,a. 513. - -(a) From phrases: Nagmŕmadali-ng-áraw. The day is dawning (madalě ng -áraw proximate day, i. e. dawn, daybreak), nagmčmč-ári` is possessing, -has mastery of (may ári` owner, master). naghŕháti-ng-gabě. It is -midnight (háti ng gabě midnight). pagtatatlo-ng-gabě the three nights' -celebration (tatlň ng gabě). - -(b) From compound words: pagbibigŕy-loňb (bigŕy-loňb); Ang -maghampas-lúpa` ay nakasěsíra` nang púri. Being a vagabond is -dishonorable (hampŕs-lúpa`); maghŕhánap-búhay (hánap-búhay). - -(c) From derived words: Transients with mag- from the contingent of -transients with -um- express insistent and prolonged action: Káhit na -walá sya ng talíno ay nagpůpumílit sya ng mŕtúto. Although he has no -gifts, he is trying very hard to get educated. Sya y nagpůpumílit na -pumaroňn sa pěknik. He is trying hard to be able to go to the picnic -(pumílit). Similarly, nagtůtumirŕ (tumirŕ). - -From words with prefix ma- (§ 454) in the sense of making something -or making (claiming) oneself to have a quality: Magmámadalě táyo -nang paglákad, úpang hwŕg táyo ng máhuli sa trčn. We will hurry our -pace, so as not to be late for the train (madalě`). Nagmámaligsě -si Kulŕs sa pagsunňd sa manga útos sa kanyŕ. Nicolás is quick about -obeying the orders that are given him (maligsě). Nagmalwŕt sya nang -pagparíto. He took a long time coming here. Hwag kŕ ng magmaluwŕt nang -pagparíto. Don't take too long about coming here (maluwŕt). Similarly, -pagmamarúnong (marúnong). - -From various words: Sila y naghimagsěk. They came to an armed conflict -(-himagsěk § 518). Si Hwána ay naghíhimatŕy. Juana is fainting -(himatŕy). Si Hwána ay nagkŕkakaněn. Juana makes sweetmeats (for -sale) (kakaněn, § 367,e). Sya y nagkalatimbŕ nang marámi. He did the -well-bucket exercise many times (kala-timbŕ`, § 519). - -(d) Especially common are transients with mag- from special static -words with suffix -an; they express mutual or concerted action by -two or more actors. - -From the forms in S -an (§ 377): Nagŕlísan ang mangŕ aluwáge -no ng lúnes nan hápon. The carpenters all left last Monday -afternoon (ŕlís-an). Naglŕlŕbásan silŕ. They were all going -out. Silŕ y nagpětásan nang manga biyábas. They all picked guavas -together. Magsěsěgáwan múna táyo bágo tapúsin ang míting. We will -all give a yell together before we close the meeting. Ang manga áso -sa báya ng itň ay nagtŕhúlan kagabě. The dogs in this town all barked -last night. Similarly, from: bangkŕ`, bastŕ, daŕn, hukňm, iyŕk, kamŕy, -kantŕ, salitŕ`, takbň, tampň, taniyŕg, tipŕn, tugtňg, uwě`. The form -in S -an is itself from a derived word in: Naghěmagsíkan ang mangŕ -sundálo ng Tagálog at Kastíla`. The Tagalog and Spanish soldiers -fought each other (hěmagsíkan from -himagsěk, § 518). - -From the forms in S (1) -an (§ 378): Nagŕŕwítan silŕ nang akň y -dumatěng. They were singing in chorus when I arrived. Magěbígan -kayň. Love one another. Nagěěbígan si Pédro at si Hwána. Pedro -and Juana love each other. Ang ginawá nya ng pagmumůráhan nang -kanyŕ ng mangŕ kalákal ay dahilŕn sa kanya ng pangangailángan nang -kwŕlta. His putting down the prices of his goods was due to his need -of money. Similarly: hákot, káin. - -From forms in (2) -an (§ 379): Hwag kayň ng magmurahŕn sa daŕn. Don't -abuse each other on the street. Nagmůmurahŕn silŕ. They were engaged -in an abusive quarrel. Ang kŕgalítan ni Pétra at ni Kulása ay natápus -sa hŕyága ng pagmumurahŕn. The hostility between Petra and Nicolasa -ended in an abusive quarrel in public. Nagpurihŕn ang dalawa ng -magkaybígan sa kanila ng pagtatalumpáte`. The two friends praised -each other in their speeches. Nagpůpurihŕn ang manga kaybíga ng -itň sa pŕhayágan. This group of friends praise each other in the -newspapers. Si Hwána at si Maryŕ ay nagputulŕn nang kukň. Juana and -Maria cut their fingernails. Silŕ y nagsŕgasaŕn. They all jostled -one another. Ang pagsasŕgasaŕn nang manga táo ay lubhŕ ng magulň. The -jostling of all the people was most confused. Nagsugatŕn silŕ. They -inflicted wounds on one another. magtaanŕn flee. Ang kanila ng -pagtutulungŕn ay hindí nátulňy. Their plan to help each other was -not carried out. Similarly: ágaw, balíta`, dáhil, hánap, haráng, lában. - -From diminutives in D -an (§ 381): Magŕaswang-aswángan daw si -Pédro sa karnabŕl. Pedro says he will dress up as a bogey-man -for the carnival. Hwag kŕ ng magaswŕng-aswángan. Don't play -bogey-man. Nagmanňk-manúkan si Hwŕn sa karnabŕl. Juan masqueraded as -a rooster at the carnival. Silŕ y nagůunggú-unggúan. They are playing -at being monkeys. Nagusŕ-usáhan siyŕ. He pretended he was a deer. So -also: dapŕ`. From (1) D -an: Sya y nagbabá-babayíhan. He went dressed -as a woman. So also from tákot. - -353. Transients with accent shift and mag- may owe the shift to the -root; so from ábot (§ 337): Nagáabňt si Hwŕn nang sigarělyo sa kanya ng -manga kaybígan. Juan is passing cigarettes to his friends. Ang pagaabňt -nang sigarělyo ay isa ng ugáli ng magálang. Passing cigarettes is a -polite custom (umabňt, § 348,c, does not involve a person to whom). So -also múra. - -In the great majority of instances, however, the accent shift is not -peculiar to the root, but constitutes a special formation, which -expresses a more plentiful and diverse action than the transient -with -um- or simple mag-. Silŕ y nagbábabŕg. They are fighting -each other. Magbarú ka. Get dressed, Put on your clothes. Sya y -nagbunňt nang damň. He plucked up a lot of grass. Maghanŕp kayň -nang manga bulaklŕk sa párang. Go and look for flowers in the -woods. Pabayaŕn nawá ninyň na sya y maghanŕp. Please allow him to -make an inspection. Naghatí ako nang manga itlňg na pinatigasŕn ni -Hwána. I halved a quantity of eggs which Juana had hard-boiled. ang -paghahatč nang manga mansánas the halving of the apples. Magisip kŕ -nang manga lugŕr na maŕári ng kinaiwánan mo nang iyň ng librň. Think -of the various places where you may have left your book. Si Hwŕn ay -nagíisip nang manga iháhandá nya sa fiyčsta. Juan is thinking of -what things he will serve at the fiesta. Hwag kŕ ng magputňl nang -abakŕ, Hwŕn. Don't cut up any hemp, Juan. Magpúputol kamě nang búho`, -yantňk, at bayúgin, pagdatěng námin doňn. We shall cut slender bamboo, -rattan, and thick bamboo when we get there. Nagputňl si Hwŕn nang -tubň sa pinások nya ng tubúhan. Juan cut down a lot of sugar-cane in -the cane-field he got into. Nagpúputol nang kawáyan na hindí nya árě -si Hwŕn. Juan cuts down bamboo that does not belong to him. Nagpuyŕt -akň sa manga gabě ng nagdaŕn. I have repeatedly staid up late the -last few nights. Hindí ko mŕputúlan nang tahěd ang kátyaw, sapagkŕt -itň y nagsísikŕd. I couldn't cut the rooster's spur, because it -kept struggling with its feet. Sya y nagsísinungalěng. He is telling -lies. Pagsusulŕt nya nang manga súlat ay pumaroňn ka t linísin mo ang -kanyŕ ng aralŕn. While he is writing all his letters, go and clean his -study. Ang panginoň y nagtawŕg nang manga alíla`. The master called -various servants. Nagtátawag syŕ nang manga kitč`, nang ákin sya ng -datnŕn sa bakúran. She was calling to a lot of little chicks when I -came upon her in the yard. Ang pagtatawag nyŕ sa manga kitč` at ang -manga půtákan nang manga manňk ay nakabíbingě. Her constant calling -to the chicks and the clucking of all the hens made a deafening -noise. Ang báta y nagtúturó nang kanyŕ ng gustň. The child points -at the various things it wants. Hwag kŕ ng magutŕng. Don't go about -asking for credit. Ang magutŕng sa marámi ng tindáhan ay hindí maínam -na ugále`. Buying on credit in many shops is a bad habit. Similarly -from: bálot, íngay, lákad, láyag, líbot, tágo`. - -(a) When transients with mag- are made from derived words, the -accent of the underlying word is occasionally shifted, apparently -without change of meaning: Sya y nagmayabŕng. He boasted (mayábang, -§ 454). Similarly: magkákalahatč` (kalaháti` § 519). - -(b) In one such case there is not only accent shift, but also -secondary accent on the first syllable of the underlying word: Sya -y nagmápuri. He praised himself. Sya y nagmŕmŕpurě. He is praising -himself. Ang pagmamápuri ay hindí magandŕ ng ugáli`. Praising oneself -is not a becoming habit (ma-púri, § 454). - -354. The corresponding form from oxytone roots is made with unaccented -reduplication of the underlying word: mag-si-sigŕw, mag-si-si-sigŕw, -nag-si-sigŕw, nag-sí-si-sigŕw; the abstract, however, lacks the extra -reduplication, coinciding with that of §§ 350. 351: pag-si-sigŕw. - -Sya y naggugupět nang manga papčl. He cut some pieces of paper -into bits. Sya y naggúgugupět nang manga papčl. He is cutting up -some pieces of paper. Ang báta ng si Hwŕn, kung walŕ ng mágawa`, -ay sya ng nagháhahampŕs sa manga púnu-ng-ságing. It is little Juan -who goes whipping at the banana-trees when he can't find anything -to do. Hwag kŕ ng magpupukňl nang batň, sapagkŕt baká mo tamáan ang -bintána ng salaměn. Don't be always throwing stones; you might break -a window. Nagpúpuputŕk ang inahě ng manňk na nása kulungŕn. The hen -in the crate keeps up a constant cackling. Ilágan mo ang dumárating -na kabáyo na nagtátatakbň. Look out for the horse that's coming there; -it's a run-away. Nagúuupú sya sa damň. He always sits on the grass. So -also: dugň`, inňm, lundŕg, sigŕw, tagpň`. - -(a) In one instance a barytone root has this reduplication with -explicit plural meaning: magkikíta see one another, meet (of more -than two people, cf. magkíta). - -355. Accent shift and reduplication of the root appear in barytone -roots in the same sense as accent-shift alone, with perhaps a -somewhat greater intensity of the action: Nagpúpuputňl nang retáso ang -báta`. The child was cutting some rags into small bits. Ang kátyaw -ay nagsísisikŕd. The rooster kept struggling with its legs. Sya y -nagtátatawŕg nang manga kitč`. She kept calling to the chickens. - -356. With doubling of the root, transients in mag- express either -action repeated at intervals or reciprocal action of explicitly more -than two actors: Nagisŕ-isŕ ang manga báta` nang paglápit sa ákin. The -children came to me one by one. So from: duklŕy, hiwalŕy, úlit. - -(a) In one instance the root has accent shift: Naguna-unŕ ang manga -báta` nang paglápit sa ákin. The children vied with each other for -the first place in coming to me. - - - -(3) Active with mang- and abstract with pang- r. - -357. The active with mang- has the forms: ma-mútol, ma-mů-mútol, -na-mútol, na-mů-mútol, pa-mu-mútol (from pútol); it expresses action -more deliberate, selective, or in larger quantity (professional, -habitual) than mag-; like the latter, but more clearly, it is used -for the making or using of such and such an object. Examples: - -Sya y nangabála sa ámin. He made trouble for us. Nangano kŕ nang -iyo ng manga kalarň`? What did you do to your playmates? Nangáyap -lámang ang báta`. The child ate only relishes. Sya y nangbábambo -nang áso. He is a caning a dog. ang pamamangkŕ` canoeing. Namilě akň -sa báya-ng-Malólos. I shopped in Malolos. Sya y nangdídilig nang -karsáda. He sprinkles streets. ang pangdidilěg street-sprinkling -(as vocation). Ang kasalatŕn nina Hwŕn sa pananamět ay nanggálin -sa pagsusugŕl ni Hwŕn. Juan's family's want of clothing is due to -his gambling. Hwag kŕ ng manghampŕs. Don't go whipping people. Sya -y nanghárang nang manga táo. He made a practice of holding people -up. Sya y hinúli nang pulěs dahilŕn sa panghahárang nang manga táo. He -was arrested by the police for highway robbery. Nangháte si Hwána nang -kalákal. Juana shared orders for goods. Ang panghaháte ni Hwána nang -kalákal na ipinagbíbili nyŕ ay sya nyŕ ng ikinalúge. Juana's getting -her stock of goods for sale by sharing in orders of fellow-retailers -is what made her lose money. Nanghínŕ nang pagtakbň ang kabáyo sa -kalaúnan nang pagkŕgámit sa kanyŕ. The horse slackened its pace -because it had been driven too long. Silŕ y nanghína`. They grew -faint. Manghirŕm ka nang palakňl. Go borrow a hatchet. manghúla` -practise fortune-telling. Nanghůhúli kamě nang isdŕ` sa kagamitŕn nang -dála. We catch fish by means of nets. Ang kanya ng manga pangingílag -sa sakět ay lubhŕ ng malakč. His precautions against sickness are -elaborate. Sya y nangŕngabáyo. He rides horseback. Nangapá si Pédro -nang isdŕ`. Pedro caught fish in his hands (by feeling for them in -mud-holes). Sya y nangŕngaséra. He eats in a boarding-house. mangáwit -cut twigs with the káwit (a small, hook-shaped pruning-knife); -also: get tired of a position or occupation. Ang báta ng si Hwŕn -ay nangŕngáya nang manga kápwa nya báta`. Little Juan lords it -over the other children. Sya y nangúngublč. He is keeping himself -in hiding. Hwag kŕ ng mangurňt, Pédro. Don't be pinching people, -Pedro. Ang kanya ng pananagínip ay hindí nátuloy, sapagkŕt nágising -syŕ sa kalabňg nang púsa`. His dream was interrupted by his being -awakened by the falling of the cat. Sya y nanŕnagínip. He is -dreaming. Aků y nanagínip kagabč. I had a dream last night. Namáso -sya nang dalíri nang kápwa nya báta`. He scorched his playmate's -finger. Pamumútol nya nang kawáya y sundŕn mo syŕ t baká magliwalěw -lámang sa kalakhŕn nang panahňn. When he goes bamboo-cutting, follow -him to see that he doesn't loaf most of the time. Ang pamumútol -nang kawáyan ay mahírap. Bamboo-cutting is hard work. Namútol si -Hwŕn nang kawáyan. Juan cut bamboo. Namůmútol kamě nang damň úpang -ipagbilč. We are cutting grass for sale. Mamůmútol kamě nang tubň -sa bakúran ni Áli ng Pétra. We are going to cut sugar-cane in Aunt -Petra's yard. Ang báta ng may sakět ay namůmúyat sa kanya ng inŕ. The -sick child keeps its mother awake. Ang maláwig na pananalitŕ` ay -hindí maínam. Roundabout speeches are not pleasant. Pédro, hwag kŕ ng -manyásat nang gawá nang máy gawŕ`. Pedro, don't be inquiring into other -people's business. ang panunúlat writing in quantity, clerkship. ang -pananahč` the occupation of sewing, the being a seamstress. Silŕ y -nanahímik. They quieted down. Ang bŕta y nanahímik. The boy quieted -down to take a rest. manáwag call, summon (people). ang panunúro` the -act of pointing things out. Sya y nangúna. He went first, He led. Sya -y mangůngúna. He will be in the lead. Ang báta y nangupň sa buntňt -nang sáya nang babáye. The boy went and sat right down on the lady's -train. Ang panguupň nang báta sa buntňt nang sáya ay ipinahintú sa -kanyŕ nang kanya ng nánay. The boy's trick of sitting down on people's -trains was put a stop to by his mother. Sya y nangusísa nang manga -babáye. She interrogated a number of women. Nangútang sya sa ákin -nang limŕ ng píso. He made a loan of five dollars from me. - -Similarly from: áhit, áko`, anŕk, báhay, balíta`, barěl, báro`, -báyan, bílog, bíro`, búhay, bundňk, damět, dúkit, gamňt, gupět, hábol, -hámon, hingě`, igěb, ílin, káin, kumpisŕl, latŕ`, lóko, mahála`, noňd, -pagítan, píli`, púlot, salákay, saríwa`, singěl, súbok, sulsč, súnog, -súyo`, tálo, tangháli`, tiwála`, umět, yári. - -(a) From derived words: ang panghihěmagsíkan in the same meaning -as paghihěmagsíkan (from hěmagsíkan, § 377,a); so from kalaháti` -(§ 519), kináin (§ 365). See also §§ 421,a. 422,a. - -(b) From words with prefix hin- (§ 518) we may derive, theoretically, -the transients with prefix manghin-, though the underlying word in most -cases does not exist. For the phonetic irregularities see § 334,a,5. - -Sila y nanghimagsěk. They came to an armed conflict (bagsěk). Hwag -kŕ ng manghigantě sa kanilŕ, Hwŕn; ang kababáan nang loňb ay lálo ng -magandŕ. Don't take revenge against them, Juan; meekness of spirit is -more becoming. Manghíhigantě kamě dahilŕn sa manga kalupitŕ ng ginawá -nila sa ámin. We will take vengeance on them for the many cruelties -they have committed against us. manghinukň cut the fingernails -(kukň). Nanghěhináyang silŕ sa pagkamatŕy ni Del-Pilŕr. They were -mourning the death of Del Pilar. Malakě ang kanila ng panghihináyang -sa namatŕy na báta ng si Hwŕn, dahilŕn sa hindí karanyúwa ng talíno -nya. Their grief at little Juan's death was great, on account of -his unusual talents. (sáyang). manghiningŕ pick the teeth (ang tingŕ -foreign substance between the teeth). manghinulč clean out the ears -(tu-tulč earwax, § 343). - -(c) In one instance the root is doubled; its accent shift is due -to the meaning of the root: Nanawŕ-nawŕ si Pédro nang márinig nyŕ -na sya y nŕpíli ng magěng bóbo sa larň`. Pedro could not keep from -snickering when he heard that the choice had fallen on him to be -clown in the play. - - - -(4) Special static words. - -358. A few individual forms of the preceding group have static value; -of transients, umága morning (§ 348) and ang mamáso` a blister -(páso`); of abstracts, ang pagkáin food (beside the act of eating), -cf. also pagdáka, § 265,9. The following are the regular formations -of special static words of this type: - -(a) Dual collectives with mag-: ang magáli aunt and niece -or nephew. Ang magamŕ ng si Maryŕ at si Pédro ay naparoňn sa -búkid. Pedro and his daughter Maria have gone to the country. Ang -magasáwa ng Pédro at Hwána ay naparoňn sa teyátro. Pedro and his -wife Juana have gone to the theatre. Ang magatč ng si Maryŕ at si -Maryáno ay nagsipagpasyŕl. Mariano and his oldest sister Maria -went for a walk. Sila y magatč. She is his oldest sister. ang -magbaláe ng si Hwŕn at si Andrčs Juan and Andrés, whose children -have married each other. magbayŕw two men, one of whom has married -the other's sister. magbilŕs two men who have married two sisters -(ang bilŕs the husband of one's wife's sister). maghípag two women, -one of whom has married the other's brother (each of the two is the -other's hípag). magimpň grandmother and grandchild. maginŕ mother -and child. magkúya the oldest brother and a younger brother or -sister. magnánay mother and child. magtátay father and child. - -Slightly divergent is magának: it includes the whole family, a given -person plus his angkŕn (§ 379): Nagsimbŕ ang boň ng magának. The -whole family went to church. ang magának na sina Hwŕn Krůs the Juan -Cruz family. Irregular in meaning are also magdamŕg and maghápon, -of periods of time. - -From a compound word: ang magkápit-báhay two neighbors. - -From a phrase: Sila y magkápwa-táo. They act toward each other as -fellow men should (kápuwŕ táo). - -From a derived word: magamaěn uncle and nephew or niece (ama-ěn, § -367,a); see also §§ 408. 412,a. 490. - -(b) mag- r similarly forms explicit plurals: ang magaamŕ the group -of a father with two or more of his children. ang magbabaláe a -group of three or more people whose children have intermarried. ang -magiinŕ mother and children. ang magkukúya a group of brothers -and sisters including the oldest brother. magnanánay mother and -children. magpipínsan a group of cousins. magtatátay father and -children. - -From a compound: magkakápit-báhay. - -From a derived word: magkakasinglakě (kasinglakě, § 520). See also §§ -412,a. 427,d. - -(c) mag- r also forms static words denoting a professional agent: -ang magaaráro a plowman, magbibistŕy woman who sieves the rice in a -mill, magnanákaw thief. - -From oxytone roots also with retraction of accent: ang magbabáyo a -rice-pounder, magbibígas a dealer in hulled rice. - -(d) Barytone roots usually shift the accent: ang maghuhugŕs a -dish-washer, maglalakŕd traveller, magliliněs a cleaner, maglilipŕ` -plasterer, maglulutň` cook; Si Hwŕn ay isa ng magpuputňl nang -káhoy. Juan is a wood-cutter; ang magsusulŕt a clerk scribe, magsusuyňd -a harrower (súyod a harrow), maguutŕng a habitual borrower. So also -from: láko`, táwag. - -(e) mŕng- r has the same value. The accent of the prefix can appear -only in an open syllable (§ 338); ang mŕngingisdŕ` a fisherman; -mŕnanalakŕb fish-trapper (salakŕb an inverted basket used as a -fish-trap). So: dúkit, hámon, húla`, kúlam, lígaw, sákop, sípa`, -tanggňl, tugtňg. - -Oxytone roots often have retraction of accent: manggagámot manggagamňt; -manggugúpit manggugupět; Sya y mŕngingínum nang álak. He is a drunkard; -also: mangiínom (with the prefix kept apart by glottal stop, § 34, -and no effect on initial vowel); mángangatŕm mŕngangátam; mŕnglilímos; -ang mŕnanáhe` a seamstress (ang tahč` a seam); ang mŕnanánim a planter. - -(f) Barytone roots usually have accent shift: ang manghuhugŕs -a dish-washer, manglalagarě` a wood-sawer, mámumulňt a gleaner -(púlot); Ang manga mámumutňl nang káhoy ay nagsiáhon nŕ sa bundňk. The -wood-cutters have already gone up into the mountains. ang mánunulŕt a -scribe, clerk, ang mŕngungutŕng a habitual borrower, a "sponger". So -also from: káyo, tálo. - - - -(5) Direct passive. - -359. The simple direct passive has suffix -in with accent shift of -one syllable in the contingent, infix -in- (§ 334,b,1) in the actual: -putúl-in, pů-putúl-in, p-in-útol, p-in-ů-pútol. It corresponds to -actives with -um- and abstracts with pag- and, to a large extent, -also to actives with mag- and abstracts with pag- r. It expresses, -transiently, an object viewed as fully affected, taken in by the actor, -or created by a simple action. - -Irregularities of form are as listed in § 334,c. - -Ináko ni Hwŕn ang útang ni Pédro. Pedro's debt was taken over (pledged -for) by Juan. Inŕalaála ni Pédro ang kanya ng inŕ. Pedro was thinking -of his mother. Hindí nya inŕalaála iyňn. He does not mind that. Hindí -nya ŕalalahánin iyňn. He won't mind that (§ 334,c,3). Inŕámin nya -na ginawá nya iyňn. He admits that he did it. Ŕamínin nya ang -kanya ng kasalánan. He will own up to his misdeeds. Ináangkin -nang báta ng si Hwána ang manga laruwŕn ni Maryŕ. Little Juana -appropriates Maria's toys. Angkinin mň ang laruwŕn. Take the toy for -yourself. Pag úulŕn ay ararúhin mo ang punláan. When the rains come, -plow the germinating-plot. Inŕáso nang inŕ ang kanya ng báta`. The -mother is running and shouting after her child (áso a dog). Ináyap -námin ang atsára. We used the mixed pickles as a condiment. (ang -áyap condiment). Ang aklŕt niya ng kaybígan mo ng binanggět ay áki -ng nabása. I have read the book of that friend of yours whom you -mentioned. Binátis nya ang ílog. He forded the river. Ang gúlok na yŕn -ay bŕbawíin ko sa iyň, kapag ipinamútol mo nang kawáyan. I shall take -back this bolo from you, if you use it for cutting bamboo. Ang tábo` -ay binílog ni Hwŕn. Juan turned the dipper (on a lathe). Ang úlo -ni Hwŕn ay biněbílog nang kanya ng manga kalarň`. Juan's playmates -are fooling him (literally: turning his head). Binyŕk ni Hwŕn ang -kawáyan. Juan has split the bamboo. Dináing nya ang isdŕ`. He laid -open the fish. Ang manga isdŕ ng itň ay dinála niyŕ sa ílog-Pásig. He -caught these fish with the net in the Pasig river. Yňn ay áki ng -dináramdŕm. I am very sorry, That's too bad. Diligěn mo ang manga -haláman. Sprinkle the plants. Durúin mo ang áki ng mamáso`. Prick my -blister for me. Ginágabi kamě. We were overtaken by night. Hanápin -mo ang magnanákaw. Look for the thief. Hinápis nya akň. He made me -sad. Hinátě ko ang manga búnga-ng-káhoy sa manga bátŕ`. I distributed -the fruits among the children. Iníhaw nya ang karnč. He roasted -the meat. Inísip nya ng magnákaw sa isa ng tindáhan. He thought -of stealing from a store. Isípin mo kung saŕn mo naíwan ang iyo ng -sombréro. Think where you left your hat. Ang kabutě ng itň ay hindí -kinŕkáin. One does not eat this mushroom. Ipatipěd mo sa bátŕ` ang -kinŕkáin nya. Make the child be moderate in its eating. Kinapá ko -sa kadilimŕn ang áki ng hěgáan. I fell out my bed in the dark. Kúnin -mo ang aklŕt sa báta`. Take the book from the child. Hwag mň akň ng -kurutěn. Don't pinch me. Nilákad námin ang lahŕt nang daŕn. We walked -all the way. Laruin mň ang báta`. Play with the child. Nilělínis nya -ang mésa. She is cleaning the table. Nilúsong mo bŕ ang balňn? Did -you go down into the well? Lusúngin mo ang balňn. Go down into the -well. Nilůlúto niya ang gúlay. She is cooking the vegetables (also: -linůlúto`). Minámahŕl nang manga magúlang ang báta`. The parents love -the child. pinalŕnsa was ironed (palŕnsa). Pinána ko ang usŕ. I shot -the stag with an arrow. Hindí nya pinápansěn iyňn. He doesn't pay any -attention to that. Pinatŕy ko ang manňk. I killed the chicken. Ang -pinílě nya ng manňk ay matabŕ`. The chicken she picked out is a -fat one. Pinílit nya ng gumawá nang páyong ang alíla`. He forced -the servant to make an umbrella. Pitasin mň ang manga búnga nang -manggŕ. You pick the mangoes. Pinútol ni Hwŕn ang tanikalŕ`. The chain -was cut by Juan. Pagka pinútol mo ang lúbid na iyŕn ay lálagpak ang -tulŕy. When you have cut that rope the bridge will fall. Pag pinútol -mo ang buntňt nang túta` ay malápit iya ng mamatŕy. If you cut off -the puppy's tail, it is likely to die. Pinůpútol ko ang káhoy. I -was cutting the wood. Putúlin mo ang lúbid. Cut the rope. Půputúlin -nya ang búho`. He will cut the bamboo. Pinúyat nya akň. He kept me -up late. Hwag mň ng sagasáin, Lúkas, ang kainítan nang áraw sa iyo -ng paglabŕs sa búkid. Don't hit upon the hottest part of the day for -going out to the field, Lucas. Sinísintŕ ni Pédro ang dalága. Pedro is -in love with the young woman. Akň y sinípŕ nang kabáyo. I was kicked -by a horse. Sinuklŕy nya ang buhňk nang kanya ng anŕk. She combed -her child's hair; also: Sinuklŕy nya ang kanya ng anŕk. Ang gámit -nya ng librň ay sinúlat ni Daruwěn. The book he uses was written -by Darwin. Kung sinuntňk nya ang báta` ay suntukěn mo siyŕ. If he -hits the boy, do you hit him. Sinúsuntok nyŕ ang báta`. He hits the -boy on the head. Tagpuěn mo akň sa estasyňn nang trčn. Meet me at -the railroad station. Tanawin mň ang súnog! Look at the fire! Ang -tábon sa ílog ay tinangŕy nang ágos. The dam in the river was carried -away by the current. Hwag mň ng tanggapěn ang úpa. Don't accept the -pay. Tawágin mo si Hwŕn. Call Juan. Tinipěd ni Hwŕn ang ibinigŕy -ko ng ságing. Juan was saving with the bananas I gave him. Ang dúsa -ng kanya ng tinítiěs ay hindí lubhŕ ng mabigŕt. The suffering he is -undergoing is not very severe. Tinísod ko ang bakyŕ`. I kicked away -the sandal. Inúna si Hwŕn nang hukňm. Juan was dealt with first by the -judge. Inusísa akň ni Hwŕn. Juan questioned me. Ang inusísa sa ákin -ni Hwŕn ay kung saan nŕndon ang kanya ng sombréro. What Juan asked -me was where his hat was. Inútang ko iyň ng salapě ng ibinigŕy ko sa -kanyŕ kahápon. I borrowed that money I gave him yesterday. Niwáwalis -nyŕ ang alikabňk sa mésa. She is sweeping the dust from the table -(also: wináwalěs). Ang niyáyŕ ko ng magpasyŕl ay si Hwŕn. The one I -invited to come for a walk was Juan. - -Similarly from: ágaw, akála`, ákay, akiyŕt, alíla`, alintána, -alipustŕ`, alěs, ámo`, anínaw, ásal, bálak, bambň, bása, batň, báwi`, -bigkŕs, bigtě, bílang, bilě, bitbět, búhat, bútas, buwísit, dalŕ, -darŕs, dikděk, dúkit, dúkot, gámit, gamňt, gantě, gawŕ`, gúgol, gupět, -gustň, gútom, hábol, hágod, hampŕs, hámon, hantŕy, hángo`, hárang, -harŕp, hátak, híla, hilěng, hinála`, hintŕy, hirŕm, hitět, híwa`, -húkay, húli, íbig, inň, inňm, kagŕt, kalaykŕy, kámot, kantŕ, kúlam, -kumbidŕ, kumpisŕl, lála, lóko, lúnod, loňb, matŕ, múra, nákaw, pálo`, -pasŕn, pások, pígil, pího, piráso, pirěnsa, pukňl, sábi, sadiyŕ`, -sagňt, salúbong, sampŕl, sanggŕ, sapantáha`, sílip, singěl, siyásat, -sumpňng, sundň`, sunňd, súnog, sungánga, tagŕ`, tákot, talagŕ, tálo, -tampálas, tápos, túkop, tuntňn, úbos, ugáli`, úlit, wíka`. - -(a) From derived words: Inůumága silŕ sa kanila ng pagsasŕlitáan. They -were being overtaken by their morning in their conversation (um-ága, -§ 358). Si Hwána ay hinimatŕy. Juana was attacked by a fainting-fit -(himatŕy, § 518). - -(b) From root with shifted accent: Ináabůt nang báta` ang góra. The -boy was reaching for his cap. - -(c) Accent shift lacking: Mínsanin mo, Hwŕn, ang paginňm nang -gamňt. Take the medicine all at one swallow, Juan. - -(d) From doubled root, with meaning of repeated action: see isŕ; -barytone root with accent shift: ámo`. - -360. A few roots which have actives with mag- form the direct passive -from the root with pag- prefixed. On the analogy of other forms -(cf. § 369) one should expect this to be the case with roots whose -active with mag- stood in contrast with -um- (§ 351); this is clearly -the case, however, only in pag-isíp-in, pag-ě-isíp-in p-in-ag-ísip, -p-in-ag-ě-ísip: Pinagísip nya ng magnákaw sa isa ng tindáhan. He laid -plans for robbing a store (cf. in-ísip, § 359). The other roots which -have pag- in the direct passive are: barěl, doňp, kúro`, tapěk. - -361. To the active with mag- (1) (§ 353) corresponds a direct passive -with pag- and accent shift: pag-putul-ěn, p-in-ag-putňl, etc. (pútol): -Pinaghatí ko ang manga itlňg na pinatigasŕn ni Hwána. I halved each -of the eggs Juana had hard-boiled. Pinagisěp nya ang kahulugŕn nang -manga sčnyas na nŕkíta nya ng ibiníbigay nang isa ng sundálo sa isa -nyŕ ng kasamahŕ ng nŕhúle nang kaáway. He figured out the meaning of -the signals he saw a soldier make to a comrade who was captured by -the enemy. Pinagpúputul nang báta` ang sinúlid. The child is cutting -the thread to bits. Pagputulin mň, Hwŕn, ang manga siět. Cut out the -bamboo-spines, Juan. Pinagusisá nang hukňm ang manga magnanákaw. The -judge cross-examined the robbers. Similarly from kúha, nákaw, sábi, -sípa`, súnog. - -362. Likewise, corresponding to the active with mag- r (§ 354), -is a direct passive with pag- r; see gawŕ`, kagŕt. - -Passive with pag- (1) r (cf. § 355) from sípa`. - -363. Passive with pag- (1) D (cf. § 356): Pinagsabě-sabi nyŕ sa ibŕ -t ibŕ ng táo na si Pédro ay nŕhúli sa pagnanákaw. He told various -people on various occasions, that Pedro was arrested for thievery. - -364. The direct passive is made from the root with prefix pang- to -correspond to actives with mang- (§ 357): pa-mitas-ěn, pa-mě-mitas-ěn, -p-ina-mitŕs, p-in-a-mí-mitŕs (pitŕs). Examples: Inamútan ko si Hwŕn -nang pinamilě ko ng manga librň. I let Juan purchase from me some of -the books I had bought up. Pinamímitas nilŕ ang manga kamatsilč. They -picked the fruits of the tannic acid tree. Paměmitasěn námin ang manga -búlak. We shall pick the capoc cotton. Pinamůlot námin ang manga -laglŕg na búnga. We picked up the fallen betel-fruits. Pinangútang -ko iyŕ ng salapě` sa kanyŕ. I had to borrow that money you have there -from him. Also from noňd. - - - -(6) Special static words. - -365. The infix -in- produces static words denoting things which are -produced by such and such a process or treated so and so: ang pinítak -each of the small sections into which a rice-field is divided by the -irrigation trenches (pítak divide; as root-word, division). So from -báta`, hingŕ, káin, lúgaw, púno`, sáing, súlid. - -(a) With accent shift: inakŕy. - -(b) A number of roots (here treated as simple) have the form of words -with infix -in- (cf. § 333): hinála`, kinábang, linamnŕm, sinungáling, -tinápay, tinóla. - -366. -in- R: ang ináamŕ godfather, iníinŕ godmother; cf. § 412,a. - -367. Suffix -in with secondary accent on the first syllable of the -underlying word forms static words denoting something which undergoes -such and such an action: Ang kalasěng nang kwŕlta sa ibŕ y pára ng isa -ng tugtúgin. The clinking of money is for others (than the spender) -like music. So from bandŕ, damdŕm, tiěs (only here does the S show -itself), tungkňl. - -(a) Static words with (1) -in, with irregularities (§ 334,b), person -or animal like something: amaěn uncle; so from inŕ. Also of things -consumed: inuměn drinking water, kánin (káin) boiled rice ready to eat. - -(b) The same with pang- in pa-naú-hin guest, if from táo. - -(c) (2) -in, collective, of places: bukirěn estate, fields, terrain; -lupaěn country, part of the world. Of animate creatures, tendency: -gulatěn scary, shy. - -From derived word, in the latter sense, with S on the first of three -syllables: pŕniwalaěn credulous (paniwála`, § 347). - -(d) -in with reduplication, from numerals, in the sense of with so -many: lilimáhin; from da-lawŕ (§ 345), da-dalawá-hin. - -(e) r (2) -in, with irregularity: ka-kan-ěn sweetmeat (káin). - -(f) The following roots end in -in (§ 333): bayúgin, buhángin, -dalángin prayer, kaingěn, muláwin, salaměn. - - - -(7) Instrumental passive. - -368. The instrumental passive corresponding to the active with -um- -and, to a large extent, to that with mag-, is formed with the prefix -i- (§ 334,a,3); the actual taking also the infix -in- (§ 334,b,2): -i-pútol, i-pů-pútol, i-p-in-útol, i-p-in-ů-pútol. It denotes, -transiently, an object given forth, parted from, or used as instrument -or the person for whom in such and such an action or process. - -Iniyalěs nilŕ ang hárang nang daŕn. They removed the obstruction on the -road. Iyánib (or: isánib) mo ang iyu ng baněg sa kay Pédro. Make your -sleeping-mat overlap Pedro's, i. e. Sleep next to Pedro. Ibinŕbágay -nang mangkakayň ang damět sa namímilč sa kanyŕ. The cloth-merchant -is suiting the cloth to her customer. Ibinŕbágay ni Hwŕn sa kanyŕ -ng kalŕgáyan ang kanya ng paggastŕ. Juan adapts his expenses to his -situation. Ibinilanggň nang hukňm si Hwŕn. The judge has put Juan -into prison. Ibiníngit nya sa lamésa ang orasŕn. He put the clock -on the edge of the table. Idaan mň sa báhay ni Pédro ang bábuy na -itň. Leave this pig at Pedro's house as you pass. Ang bantáyan sa -púno nang tulŕy ay inihágis nang manga lasěng na táo sa ílog. The -sentry-box at the head of the bridge was thrown into the river by the -drunken men. Ihásŕ mo ang pangáhit na ytň. Sharpen this razor. Ihinúkay -nila nang malálim ang patŕy. They dug a deep grave for the dead. Íwan -mo díto ang báta`. Leave the child here (so: ě-íwan will be left, -in-íwan was left, in-ě-íwan is being left). Inilálaŕn ko kay Pédro -ang ságing na itň. I am putting aside this banana for Pedro (also: -itinátaŕn). Inilůlúto nya ang gúlay. She is cooking the vegetables -(also: ilinůlúto`). Ipinagítan sya sa dalawŕ ng dalága. He was placed -between two young women. Ipináyag ko sa hinilěng nilŕ ang áki ng -sasakyŕn. At their request I let them have my vehicle. Ipinútol nya -akň nang sinúlid. She cut off some thread for me. Ipútol mo akň nang -maěs. Cut some corn for me. Ipůpútol nya ikŕw nang tubň. He will cut -some sugar-cane for you. Ang kampět na iyŕn ay mapúpurol kapag ipinútol -mo nang káhoy. That kitchen-knife will grow dull, if you cut wood with -it. Kawáyan ang isinásahěg ni Pédro sa kanya ng báhay. Pedro is using -bamboo for flooring his house. Pag pinůpútol ko nŕ ang liěg nang manňk, -ay isáhod mo ang mangkňk na lalagyŕn nang dugň`. When I am cutting the -chicken's neck, hold under the basin to catch the blood. Isinále nya si -Hwŕn. He included Juan. Isáli mo si Hwŕn. Take Juan along. Isinampŕy -nya sa kanya ng balíkat ang kúmot. He slung the blanket across his -shoulder. Isigang mň ang sináing. Put the rice on the fire. Isilid mň -sa bóte ang álak. Put the wine into the bottle. Pagulŕn ay isoot mň ang -kapóte. When it rains put on the rain-coat. Itináwag nang magpapatawŕg -ang bágo ng kautusŕn. The crier cried out the new law. Itinayú nya -ang báhay. He erected the house. Itinira nyŕ sa ákin ang tinápay. He -left the bread for me. Itúru mu sa kanyŕ ang simbáhan. Show him the -church. Itúru mo sa ákin ang larň`. Teach me the game. Iwalá mo iyŕ -ng iyo ng sambalílo ng lúma`. Get rid of that old hat of yours. - -Similarly, from: álay, átas, bagsŕk, balíta`, bigŕy, budbňd, búhos, -bulěd, búrol, buwŕl, dáos, dikět, distíno, dugtňng, gápos, hánap, -handŕ`, hatěd, hintň`, hitsŕ, húlog, kasŕl, kawŕg, labŕs, ladlŕd, -lagŕy, laglŕg, lákad, lakŕs, lalŕ`, lapŕg, lawět, liběng, ligtŕs, -líhim, lúlan, luwŕ`, páyo, sabŕd, sáboy, sagňt, sakdŕl, sánib, sarŕ, -sigŕw, sčrmon, súlong, sunňd, taŕn, taŕs, tágo`, táli`, taněm, tángi`, -tápon, tuktňk, túloy, túngo, úbos, útos, wisěk. - -(a) From root with shifted accent: Iniyáabůt nya sa ákin ang librň. He -was handing me the book. Iyabůt mo sa ákin ang librň. Hand me the book. - -369. The instrumental passive is made from the root with prefix pag- -when it corresponds to an active with mag- which stands in contrast -with an active with -um- from the same root (§ 351); it is used also to -express the instrumental relation more explicitly than the simple form, -especially the person for whom. Forms: i-pag-pú-tol, i-pag-pů-pútol, -i-p-in-ag-pútol, i-p-in-ag-pů-pútol. - -Ito ng báhay ang ipinagbili kň. This house is the one I have sold -(cf. bumilě buy, magbilě sell). Ang áraw nang kapangŕnákan ni Risŕl -ay ipinagdědíwang sa boň ng Filipínas. Rizal's birthday is celebrated -all over the Philippines. Síno ang ipinaglůlúto mo? Whom are you -cooking for? (inilůlúto` in preceding section). Ipagpútol mo ngŕ` -akň nang yantňk. Please cut some bamboo for me. Ipagpůpútol kitŕ -nang tubň. I will cut you some sugar-cane. Ipinagpútol mo ba akň -nang pamilmět? Did you cut me a pole for fishing? Ipinagpůpútol niya -akň nang siět na gŕgawě ng pípa. He is cutting me some bamboo reeds -for cigarette-holders. Ang guntěng na iyŕn ay mapúpurul agŕd, kapag -ipinagpútol mo nang damět. Those scissors will get dull very soon, -if you keep using them to cut cloth with. Iyo ng kúnin ang guntěng, -kapag ipinagpůpútol nya nang káyo. Take the scissors, if he uses them -for cutting cloth. Ang paupó ni Hwŕ ng sůgálan ay ipinagsábi sa pulěs -nang kanya ng kápit-báhay. The gambling party Juan invited was exposed -to the police by his neighbor (sinábi was said). Ipinagsakay kň si -Hwŕn sa áki ng karumáta. I took Juan into my carriage. Ang bágo ng -léyi ay ipinagtáwag ni Hwŕn. The new law was called out by Juan. Hindí -ko bŕ ipinagútos sa iyň ng gawěn mo itň? Didn't I order you to do this? - -Also from: kayilŕ`, labŕ, látag, sakdŕl, sumbňng, takŕ, tanňng, tapŕt. - -(a) From derived words: ipinaghimatŕy (himatŕy, § 518); -Ipinagúbus-lŕkásan niya ang pagtakbň. He exhausted all his strength -in his running (úbus-lŕkásan, § 377,b). - -370. i-pag (1), corresponding to mag- (1), § 353: from tápon; also -from derived word ma-yábang (§ 454, cf. § 353,a). - -371. i-pag r, corresponding to mag- r (§ 354), from tanňng. - -372. The instrumental passive from the root with prefix pang- -corresponds to the active with mang-: Ipinanghárang nila Pédro ang -manga barěl na inágaw nilŕ sa manga pulěs nang báyan. In holding people -up Pedro's gang used the guns they had snatched from the police of -the district. Ipinamútol ko nang yantňk ang gúlok. I used the bolo for -rattan-cutting. Ipinamůmútol nya akň nang kawáyan. He is cutting bamboo -for me. Ipinamůmútol nya nang kawáyan ang bágo ng gúlok. He is using -the new bolo for bamboo-cutting. Ipamútol mo nang tubň ang kampět na -itň. Use this kitchen-knife for cane-cutting. So also: áko`, balíta`. - - - -(8) Special static words. - -373. Special static words with prefix i- express the part of something -in such and such a direction, or the direction: ibábaw, ibáyo, ilálim, -itaŕs, ituktňk; with shifted root: ibabŕ`. - - - -(9) Local passive. - -374. The simple local passive, corresponding to the active with -um- -and largely to that with mag-, has the suffix (1) -an with the -irregularities described in § 334. The forms of the actual mode -have also the infix -in-: putúl-an, pů-putúl-an, p-in-utúl-an, -p-in-ů-putúl-an. The local passive denotes the thing affected as -place in which or the person to whom. - -Inabútan akň nang ulŕn. I was caught by the rain. Agáhan mo ang -iyo ng pagparíto. Make early your coming here, i. e. Come here -early. Pagkagupět nang áki ng buhňk ay inahítan nya akň. When he -had cut my hair he shaved me. Alisan mň nang manga tiněk ang áki ng -salawŕl. Take the thorns out of my trousers. Inanyáhan silŕ ni Hwŕn -na magpasyŕl. They were invited by Juan to go for a walk. Arálan -mo ang manga Kapampángan. Teach morals to the Pampangas. Asnan -mň ang dáing na isdŕ`. Salt the fish you lay open. Aptan mň nang -páwid ang báhay. Roof the house with nipa-palm. Awítan mo ang manga -panaúhin. Sing for the guests. Bakúran mo ang sagíngan sa tabě nang -ílog. Fence in the banana-grove by the river. Bakúran mo ang báhay. Put -a fence round the house. Binalitáan ko si Hwŕn nang manga nangyári sa -ákin sa labanŕn. I related to Juan my adventures in the war. Bantayan -mň ang pálay. Guard the standing rice. Basáhan mo akň nang manga -kwčnto. Read me some stories. Bigasan mň ang tinóla ng manňk. Make -the chicken-stew with rice. Si Pédro ang binilhŕn ko nang kabáyo ng -itň. It was Pedro I bought this horse from. Sa katapusŕn ay kanya -ng nŕpagkilála ang malaki ng pangánib na kanya ng biningítan. In -the end he recognized the great danger into which he had betaken -himself. Binuksŕn ni Hwŕn ang pintň`. Juan opened the door. Dinaanŕn -nang trčn ang báboy. The pig was run over by the train. Dinaanŕn ko -si Hwŕn. I called for Juan on the way (and took him with me). Dalhŕn -mo nang túbig ang kabáyo. Bring water to the horse. Dalian mň ang -pagdadala ríto nang librň. Bring the book here soon. Ang pabása sa -bisíta nang San-Antňnyo ay dinaluhŕn nang marámi ng táo. The reading -at the chapel of San Antonio was attended by many people. Dinamíhan -nya ang kinúha nya ng ságing. He took many bananas. Dinamuhŕn nyŕ -ang damúha ng malápit sa simbáhan. He cut grass on the pasture near -the church. Dinapúan nang manga íbon ang sangŕ nang káhoy. Birds -alighted on the branch of the tree. Dinatnŕn kamě nang ulŕn. We were -overtaken by the rain. Diniláan nya akň. She stuck out her tongue -at me (ang díla` the tongue); also: Diláan mo ang mansánas. Lick -the apple. Hwag mň ng durúan nang karáyom ang áki ng panyň. Don't -leave needles sticking in my handkerchief. Hagkan mň si Nánay. Kiss -Mother. Hinalúan nang álak ang gátas. Some wine was mixed into the -milk. Hinampasŕn ni Pédro ang mukhá ni Hwŕn. Pedro hit Juan in the face -with a whip. Ang daŕn ay hinarángan. The road was obstructed. Hasáan mo -ang gúlok na itň. Sharpen this bolo. Hintuan mň ang iyo ng pagsusugŕl, -Pédro, kung íbig mu ng yumáman ka. Put a stop to your gambling, Pedro, -if you want to get rich. Hinůhugásan niyŕ ang manga pinggŕn parŕ sa -manga babáye. He is washing dishes for the women. Hulíhan mo nang -isdŕ` ang palŕisdáan. Catch fish in the fish-pond. Ang manga sampŕy -na damět ay hinípan nang hangin, kanyŕ` nahúlog sa lúpa`. The clothes -on the line were blown by the wind and fell to the ground. Hinípan ko -ang píto. I blew the whistle. Hinípan ko ang apňy úpang palakihěn. I -blew on the fire to make it larger. Inilágan nya ang simbáhan. He kept -away from the church. ... ang kabáyo. He got out of the way of the -horse. Inlagan mň ang dumárating na tumátakbo ng kabáyo. Get out of -the way of the horse that is coming on the run. Itiman mň ang lubňg -nang damět. Make the dye of the garment black. Iněiyakŕn ni Hwána -ang kanya ng namatŕy na kaybígan. Juana is weeping over her dead -friend. Hwag mň ng kurutŕn, Pédro, ang isdŕ ng nása dúlang. Don't you -take a pinch from the fish on the table, Pedro. Hwag mů ng labánan, -Pédro, ang kapatid mů ng matandŕ`. Don't oppose your older brother, -Pedro. Ang landŕs na gawě ng kaliwŕ` ay ang iyo ng lakáran. You -must take the path which goes to the left. Lakasan mň ang túlak sa -bangkŕ`. Push hard on the boat. Lakhan mň, Hwŕn, ang pirasúhin mo ng -mataměs. Break off a big piece of the sugar, Juan. Nilalíman nilŕ ang -húkay nang patŕy. The grave for the corpse was made deep by them. Ang -bantŕy nang manga kanyňn ay nilayásan ang kanya ng lugŕr. The guard -of the cannon deserted his post. Ligsihan mň ang pagílag sa lugŕr -na iyŕn. Get out of that place quickly. Hwag mň ng luksuhŕn ang -tiněk na iyŕn. Don't jump on that spine. Lulánan mo nang manggŕ ang -karitňn. Load up the wagon with mangos. Luluran mň si Pédro pagbababŕg -ninyň. Kick Pedro in the shin when you fight him. Nilusúngan mo bŕ si -Pédro? Did you help Pedro? Lutúan mo nang bigŕs ang manňk. Cook some -rice in with the (already cooked) chicken. Masdan mň ang bwŕn. Look at -the moon. Minŕmasdan kň ang manga nagdádaa ng táo. I am looking at the -people who pass by. Minuráhan nya akň sa pagbibilě nang talňng. He -made me a low price on the egg-plant. Muráhan mo ang pagbibilě -nang labanňs. Sell your large radishes cheap. Ang tanggápan nang -manga sanglŕ` sa báhay-sangláan ni Pédro ay ninakáwan kagabč. The -receiving-place of pledges in Pedro's pawn-shop was robbed last -night. Nakáwan mo syŕ nang kanyŕ ng salapč`. Rob him of his money. Sa -pagbubunň` ni Hwŕn at ni Pédro si Pédro ay pinaahŕn ni Hwŕn. Juan -caught Pedro by the leg (or: hurt Pedro in the leg) as they wrestled -together; but: Pinaanan nyŕ ang kanya ng kapatěd na natůtúlog. He lay -down with his feet toward his sleeping brother. Hwag mň ng paanŕn sa -iyň ng paghigŕ` ang kapatěd mo ng natůtúlog. When you go to bed don't -lie with your feet toward your sleeping brother. Pinanáwan sya nang -pagiísip. He lost his mind. Patayŕn mo nang pitsňn ang nilúgaw. Kill -a pigeon for the stew. Patisan mň ang isdŕ` ng itň. Put shrimp-sauce -on this fish. Pinayágan nya ang paraŕ ng itň. He agreed to this -plan. Pilikŕn mu ang isdŕ`. Cut the fins off the fish. Pintahan mň -ang padčr na ytň. Paint this wall. Hwag mň ng pintasŕn ang damět na -yŕn. Don't find fault with that garment. Pitasan mň nang búnga ang -manggŕ. Pick some fruits from the mango tree. Ang pinulútan nilŕ nang -manč` ay ang bakúran ni Hwána. The place where they gathered peanuts -was Juana's yard. Pinůpunásan nya ang sahěg. She is scrubbing the -floor. Punan mň, Pédro, nang isŕ ng salapč` ang kwŕlta ng ibinigŕy mo -sa ákin. Add half a dollar to the money you gave me, Pedro. Putíkan mo -ang kanya ng salawŕl. Put mud on his trousers. Pinutúlan ko nang usbňng -ang manga kamóte. I cut shoots from the sweet-potatoes. Pinůputlan nyŕ -nang manga sangŕ ang káhoy na nabwŕl. He is cutting the branches off -the tree that was blown down. Putúlan mo nang ténga ang áso. Cut the -dog's ears. Putlan mň nang súngay ang kalabŕw. Cut the horns of the -carabao. Půputúlan ko nang súngay ang usŕ. I shall cut off the stag's -horns. Půputlŕn dŕw nya nang buntňt ang áso. He says he will cut off -the dog's tail. Sinakyŕn námin ang bangká ni Hwŕn. We rode in Juan's -canoe. Sakyan mň ang bangka ng itň. Get into this canoe. Hwag mů ng -saláhan ang iyo ng mangŕ pagpások sa eskwčlhan. Don't skip going to -school, Don't play hookey; but: Sinanglan nyŕ ang singsěng. He missed -the ring (in the juego de anillo). Hwag mů ng sanglŕn ang usŕ. Don't -fail to hit the stag. Samáhan mo si Pédro. Go with Pedro. Sayawan -mň kamě, Hwána. Dance for us, Juana. Sinigawŕn nang páre` ang kanyŕ -ng munisilyň. The priest yelled at his sacristan. Sinikáran nang -kabáyo ang karumáta. The horse kicked at the carriage. Siglan mň nang -álak ang bóte. Fill the bottle with wine. Untě-untí mo ng subúan ang -pitsňn. Feed the squabs little by little. Sinugátan sya ni Pédro. He -was wounded by Pedro. Sinukláyan nya ang kanya ng anŕk. She combed -her child's hair. Sulátan mo si Pédro. Write to Pedro. Tinabúnan na -ni Pédro ang húkay. Pedro has already filled up the hole. Tagalan mň -ang pagkábitbit nang tablŕ. Keep holding the board that way. Tagalan -mň ang pagtitira díto sa ámin. Stay here with us a long time. Tagpian -mň ang báro ng itň. Mend this shirt. Tagpuan mň nang iba ng káyo ang -kaluwángan nang sáya. Fill out (literally: cause to meet) the width -of the skirt with other cloth. Tamnan mň nang manga púno-ng-nyňg ang -bakúran. Plant the yard with cocoanut trees. Tinanúran nya ang báhay sa -boň ng magdamŕg. He guarded the house all night. Hwag mů ng tanggapŕn -nang úpa ang kaybígan ko ng iháhatid mň sa estasyňn nang trčn, -sapagkŕt akň ang ůúpa sa iyň. Don't take any fare from my friend whom -you will bring to the railroad station, for I shall pay you. Tapunan -mň ang bóte. Cork up the bottle. Hwag mň ng tawánan si Hwŕn. Don't -laugh at Juan. Tawágan mo si Bathála`. Call on the Lord. Tinayuan nyŕ -nang kamálig ang bakúran. He erected a granary in his yard. Tigasan -mň ang lúto nang halayŕ. Cook the jelly hard. Tinirhŕn nya akň nang -tinápay. He left some bread for me. Tirhŕn mo akň nang inúyat. Leave me -some molasses; but: Hwag mň ng tirahŕn ang báhay na iyŕn. Don't live in -that house. Ang báhay na iyňn ay ang kanya ng tinětirahŕn. That house -over there is where he lives. Tinulínan nya ang paglákad. He hurried -his pace. Tulísan mo ang tasŕ nang lápis. Sharpen the point of the -pencil. Untian mň, Pédro, ang ibíbigay mň ng damň sa kabáyo. Give the -horse less grass, Pedro. Ůupŕn nang manga panaúhin ang manga bangků -ng itň. The guests will sit on these benches. Orásan mo ang iyo ng -pagkáin. Have your meals at stated times. Utángan mo nang salapí -si Pédro. Borrow money from Pedro. Oóhan mo ang tanňng. Answer the -question in the affirmative. Niwŕwalisŕn niyŕ ang sahěg. She is -sweeping the floor. - -Other roots: akmŕ`, ámot, apňy, balŕt, báya`, báyad, bigŕy, bendisiyňn, -búti, dagán, retráto, gámit, gawŕ`, gupět, halimhěm, hatěd, háwak, -higŕ`, hitsŕ, húkay, húlog, íngat, kamět, kantŕ, labŕs, lagŕy, lálo`, -lápit, lígaw, ligtŕs, limňs, mulŕ`, pagakpŕk, palět, panhěk, pások, -prubŕ, puntŕ, putňk, sabŕy, sáboy, sagása`, sákit, salákay, silakbň, -subň, súbok, sunňd, sunggŕb, soňt, táli`, táma`, tánga`, tángan, -tíbay, tibŕ`, tingěn, túbo`, tugtňg, túlad, túlog, túlong, tungtóng, -umpisŕ, úpa, útos, wisěk. - -(a) From derived words: Sya y tinagilíran ni Pédro. Pedro hit him in -the side (ta-gílid, § 523), but: Tinaligdŕn ni Hwŕn si Pédro pagdadaŕn -nitň sa kanya ng harapŕn. Juan turned away from Pedro when the latter -came before him. Tinalikdŕn ni Hwŕn si Pédro. Juan turned his back -on Pedro (talíkod, § 523). - -(b) Irregularly without accent shift before the suffix: Áki -ng binitáwan (or: binitíwan) ang bóte. I let go my hold on the -bottle. Bitíwan mo ang lúbid. Let go of the rope. Dinaánan siyŕ nang -isa ng silakbň nang gálit. A fit of anger came upon him. ... nang -isa ng masamŕ ng pagiísip. An evil thought came to him. Dinŕdaánan -sya nang isa ng malakě ng kalungkútan. A great grief is upon -him. ... nang pagkaulňl. He is under an attack of madness. Cf. daanŕn, -above. Minatáan nang bágo ng táo ang aswŕng. The young man looked -round for the vampire. Matáan mo ang magnanákaw. Keep an eye open -for the thief. So from: sčrmon. - -(c) From root with accent shift (so that the total shift is two -syllables): Ang utusŕn nang kapitŕn ay tinamaŕn nang bála. The -captain's orderly was hit by a bullet. Ang lulňd ni Pédro ay tinamaŕn -nang bála. Pedro got shot in the shin. Tinamaŕn nang kulňg (nang -lintěk) ang isa ng púnu-ng-manggŕ. A mango tree was struck by the -thunder (by lightning). Tamaŕn ka nang lintěk! May the lightning -strike you! (curse.) - -375. The local passive is formed from the root with pag- when it -corresponds to an active in which mag- is contrasted with -um- -(§ 351) or when the local relation, especially of person for whom, -is highly explicit: pag-putúl-an, pag-pů-putúl-an, p-in-ag-putúl-an, -p-in-ag-pů-putúl-an. Examples: Ang pagsakŕy sa kabáyo ay hindí magaŕ -ng pagarálan kung salbáhe ang kabáyo. Riding horseback is not easy -to learn if the horse is unruly. Hindí káya ni Hwŕn ang kanya ng -pinagŕarálan. Juan's studies are too hard for him. Pagbŕbalikŕn -kitŕ. I will come back to you. Pagbalikŕn mo akň. Come back to -me. Ang útang ni Maryŕ ay pinagbayáran nang kanya ng kapatěd na -babáye. Maria's debt was paid off by her sister. Ang áki ng kapatěd -na laláki ang pinagbilhŕn ko nito ng báhay. I sold this house to my -brother. Napatěd ang lúbid na kanya ng pinagběbiyabúhan. The rope -on which he was swinging broke. Ang pinagharángan kina Hwŕn ay isa -ng lugŕr na malápit sa manggáhan sa daŕ-ng-Balíwag. The place where -Juan and his company were held up was a spot near the mango-grove -on the Baliuag road. Pagharían mo ng mabúte ang pulň ng itň. Rule -righteously over this island. Paghasáan mo nang manga pangáhit ang -hasaŕ ng itň. Use this whetstone to sharpen razors on. Ang pinaghatdan -kň nang gátas ay maláyo`. The place to which I delivered the milk was a -long way off. Sa pasíga ng itň y walŕ ng lugŕr na pinaghůhubarŕn nang -damět. At this beach there is no place for undressing. ang pinagibhŕn -the point of difference, the difference. Pagingátan mo ng dalhěn ang -túbo ng kristŕl na iyŕn, sapagkŕt baká magkŕputňl-putňl iyŕn kung -hindí ka maíngat nang pagdadalŕ. Carry that glass tube carefully, -because it might get smashed if you are not careful about the carrying -it. Pinagkabyawŕn nilŕ ang lugŕr na itň. This place is where they -pressed sugar-cane. Ang pinagkŕkabyawŕn námin ay isa ng lugŕr na -mataŕs káy sa tubúhan. The place where we press sugar-cane is a place -higher than the cane-field. Pagkabyawŕn ninyň nang tubň ang bágo ng -kabyáwan. Press the cane in the new press. Pagkŕbyawŕn nilŕ ang bágo -ng tayň ng kabyáwan. They will press sugar-cane in the newly-erected -press. Ang hwátaw ang sya mň ng pagkánan. The Chinese bowl is what -you are to eat from. Si Pédro ang pinagkúnan nang manga kasangkápa -ng itň. Pedro is the one from whom we got these tools. Si Migčl ang -pinagkůkúnan nya nang kwŕlta ng pangbilč nang kalabŕw. Miguel is the -one from whom he gets money to buy carabao. Ang pagkúnan mo nang pálay -ay ang sáko ng may kúlang. The place for you to take rice is the sack -that is already broken. Hwag mň ng paglaruwŕn, Hwŕn, ang kutěng, -sapagkŕt baká mo iyŕn mŕbúlag. Don't play with the kitten, Juan, -for you might inadvertently blind it. Paglarwan mň ang bóla. Play -(with the) ball. Ang kutěng ay nŕbálot sa pinaglŕlaruwŕn nya ng -damět. The kitten got wrapped up in the piece of cloth with which it -was playing. Pagmasdan mň ang bwŕn. Look carefully at the moon. Hwag -mň ng pagputúlan nang ano mŕn ang sangkála ng iyŕn. Don't cut anything -on that cutting-block. Pinagsalitaŕn ni Hwŕn ang kanyŕ ng manga báta -ng kapatěd. Juan gave his little brothers a talking-to. - -Similarly: bintŕng, daŕn, darŕs, dasŕl, háti`, hinála`, katŕm, kublě, -patŕy, pílit, sábi, silbě, sísi, tagpň`, tipŕn, úsap. - -(a) From a phrase: pinagsa-ulŕn (sa ulč`). - -(b) From a derived word: Mangŕ pinagpěpětagánan ko ng ginoň! Respected -sirs, Dear sirs (in oral or written address). - -(c) Irregularly without accent shift: pinagdaánan (daŕn), cf. § 374,b. - -(d) With extra accent shift, corresponding to active with mag- (1): -Pagputulŕn mo, Hwŕn, nang manga usbňng ang kalabása. Cut a bundle of -shoots from the pumpkin, Juan. - -As bitěw lacks the accent shift before -an (§ 374,b), the form with -pag- and shift of one syllable belongs here: Pinagbitiwan nyŕ ang -manga manůk na kanya ng tángan. She let go of all the chickens she -was holding. - -(e) With reduplication of the root, corresponding to the active with -mag- r (§ 354): pinagsisiglŕn (silěd). - -(f) With both extra accent shift and reduplication, corresponding to § -355: Pinagdŕdadagukŕn nya ang manga kaáway niyŕ. He was dealing blows -to his enemies right and left (dágok a blow with the fist). - -(g) From doubled root (cf. the active, § 356): pinagtůtulůng-tulúngan -(túlong). - -376. The local passive with pang- corresponds to actives with mang-: -pa-mutúl-an, pa-mů-mutúl-an, p-in-a-mutúl-an, p-in-a-mů-mutúl-an. - -Saŕn ang pinanggalíngan mo?--Ang pinanggalíngan ko ay an -báya-ng-Mayníla`. Where have you come from?--I come from Manila. Ang -manga pinítak na kadátig nang sápa` ay sya nyŕ ng pinanggágapásan -(or: sya nyŕ ng pinamůmutúlan nang pálay). The sections of the -rice-field bordering on the ditch are the ones he is cutting rice -from. Pinangitlugŕn nang manňk ang kahň ng itň. The hen laid its eggs -in this box. Hwag mň ng pamitasŕn nang búnga ang átis na nása tabě -nang balňn. Don't pick the fruits from the atis tree by the side of -the well. Siya kň ng paměmitasŕn nang búnga ang byábas na nása gitná -nang bakúran. I shall pick fruits from the guava tree in the middle -of the yard. Ali ng lugŕr ang iyo ng pinamutúlan nang damň? Which -place did you cut grass from? Sinundó ni Pédro ang kapatěd na babáye -sa báhay na pinanŕnahían. Pedro fetched his sister from the house -where she was working as seamstress. So also from: tálo, tiwála`. - -(a) With pang-hin- the local passive corresponds to the active -with mang-hin- (§ 357,b); the reduplication affects the hin- which, -theoretically, we may regard as part of the underlying word. "Magáral -ka ng mabúti at panghinayángan mo ang mahalagŕ ng panahňn," sinábi ni -Hwŕn sa kanya ng anŕk. "Study hard and take account of the precious -time," said Juan to his son. Káylan pa kayá panghěhinayángan nang -manga táo ang manga áni ng taňn-taň y nŕsěsírŕ nang luktňn o nang -túyot? When will the people at last regret the harvests that are -every year destroyed by locusts or by drought? Pinanghinayángan nilŕ -ang nálubog na bangkŕ`. They were sorry about the canoe that had -sunk. Pinanghěhinayángan námin ang marámi ng búhay na ginúgol nang -báyan sa pagtatanggňl sa katwíran. We regret the many lives lost by -the country in the defense of its rights. (sáyang); similarly from -gantě: panghigantihŕn. - - - -(10) Special static words. - -377. With S -an special static words are formed from oxytone roots, -without the irregularities described in § 334. In meaning they fall -into two types, which, however, are not always clearly distinct. - -(a) They express an action by two or more actors, a kind of plural of -root words of the type described at § 341,3,a. Ang ŕlísan nang manga -aluwáge ay sa lúnes nang hápon. The leaving of the carpenters is -fixed for Monday afternoon. ang ěnúman a drinking party. Ang ěyákan -nang manga báta` ay nárinig ko sa kalsáda. I heard on the street -the crying of the children. Ang kŕlabúgan nang manga nalaglŕg na -nyňg dahilŕn sa malakŕs na hángin ay nárinig hanggŕng sa maláyo ng -lugŕr. The thud of the cocoanuts that were thrown down by the strong -wind was audible for some distance away. Ang kŕlasíngan nang manga -kwaltŕ ng laglŕg sa bulsŕ ni Hwŕn ay sya ng nakŕgísing kay Pédro. The -rattling of the coins falling from Juan's purse was what woke Pedro -up. Ang kantáhan nang manga íbon ay ginágawŕ nila kung umága. The -birds sing together in the morning. Ang kůrútan nilŕ sa nilúto ko ng -isdŕ` ay lubhŕ ng madalŕs. They often pinched pieces out of the fish -I had cooked. Ang litsúnan nila Hwŕn ay hindí nátulňy. The barbecue -of Juan and his friends did not come off. Ang luksúhan nang manga -luktňn ay totoň ng maiiklč`. The leaps of the small grasshoppers are -very short. Ang pŕgakpákan nang manga táo pagkaraŕn nang talumpáte` -ay lubhŕ ng mahába`. The applause of the people after the speech -was very long. Ang pintásan ni Hwána at ni Maryŕ ay parého ng hindí -totoň. The criticisms of Juana and Maria make of each other are -equally untrue. Ang kanyŕ ng manga lalagyŕn nang tuba` ay půnúa ng -lahŕt. His containers for the sap are all full. Ang kanila ng sŕkáyan -sa trčn ay sa linggň nang umága. They are all to take the train Sunday -morning. Naparoňn akň kagabč sa isa ng sŕyáwan. I went to a dance last -night. Ang sěgáwan nang manga báta` sa kalsáda ay nakabíbingě. The -shouting of the children on the street is deafening. ang tŕhúlan -nang manga áso the baying together of the dogs. ang tŕyáan a staking, -a putting up of stakes (ang tayŕ` a stake in a bet or game). Nárinig -sa isa ng ůpúan nang manga Intsčk ang kwčnto ng itň. This story was -heard in a gathering of Chinamen. - -Similarly, from: kaluskňs, patŕy, pustŕ, putŕk, salitŕ`, sugŕl, takbň, -tipŕn, tugtňg, umpňk. - -From derived word: Ang hěmagsíkan sa Filipínas ay natápus nŕ. The -fighting in the Philippines is over. (as though from a form -himagsěk, -see § 518). - -This formation underlies further derivatives, see §§ 352,d. 357,a. - -(b) The other meaning of the formation S -an is that of an object -viewed, rather explicitly (cf. § 380), as the scene of plural action -or the place of things. So: ang běgásan the place where hulled rice -is made, threshing floor for rice, rice-mill. Si Hwŕn ang běgáyan -nilŕ nang kanilŕ ng manga ninákaw na aláhas. Juan is the one to whom -they give the jewelry they have stolen. ang bělangúan a prison (ang -bilanggň` a prisoner). Ang kanila ng bělíhan nang pálay ay sa kamálig -ni Hwŕn. The place where they buy rice is in Juan's storehouse. Ang -dŕánan nang manga sundálo ay ang landŕs na itň. The usual route of -the soldiers is this path. ang hampásan the whipping-bench. Ang manga -magkakápit-báhay na si Andrčs, Kulŕs, at Pédro ay nagtŕtálo tungkůl -sa kaní-kanilŕ ng hanggáhan nang bakúran. The neighbors Andrés, -Nicolás, and Pedro are disputing about the boundaries of their -grounds. Sa pagítan nang báya-ng-Balíwag at báya-ng-San-Migčl ay -máy-roo ng isa lámang na hintúan ang manga naglálakad. Pedestrians -have only one stopping-place between the towns of Baliuag and San -Miguel. Si Pédro ay sya ng hěráman nang salapě` nang manga táo sa -báyan. Pedro is the one from whom the people in the town borrow -money. ang hungkúyan a machine for fanning the pounded rice. Ang isa -ng taburéte lámang ang ginawá nila ng lŕgáyan nang kanila ng manga -sombréro, sapagkŕt ang sabitŕn ay punú nŕ. A chair was all they had -to lay their hats on, for the hat-rack was already full. Ang lŕngúyan -sa ílog ay bumábaw. The swimming-place in the river grew shallow. ang -lŕrúan the playground. Ang lěbángan sa manga báta` sa manga bapňr na -naglálayag sa dágat nang Pasífiko ay lubhŕ ng malilínis na lugŕr. The -play-rooms for children on the steamers that ply on the Pacific Ocean -are very neat places. ang nyúgan a cocoanut grove. Ang pŕtáyan nang -bábuy ay nasúnog. The pork slaughter-house burned down. ang pŕtísan -a factory for shrimp-sauce (patěs, made of the small shrimp called -hípon). Ang báro ng punět-punět ay sya nyŕ ng ginawŕ ng tagpían nang -manga retáso. She sewed the patches all on to the ragged blouse. Ang -kanila ng tagpúan ay ang daŕ-ng-Balíwag. Their meeting-place is the -Baliuag road. ang tanyágan an exhibition, exposition. ang timbángan -a pair of scales. ang tindáhan a shop, store (ang tindŕ the goods -for sale in a store). - -Similarly, from: aklŕt, bantŕy, bigtě, biniyŕg, bukŕs, buntňt, dasŕl, -gawŕ`, hagdŕn, higŕ`, hukňm, kabiyŕw, kublě, kulňng, liběng, luksň, -manggŕ, pintŕ, pintň, pitŕg, punlŕ`, sampŕy, sanglŕ`, simbŕ, sahŕn, -tanggŕp, tarangkŕ, tirŕ, upň`. - -A very few show irregularities: eskwčl-han, paá-nan, tňto-hánan the -truth (totoň); the secondary accent is lacking in damú-han, tubú-han; -irregular in kumpěsál-an. - -From a compound word: úbus-lŕkásan (úbos-lakŕs). - -From a phrase: sŕ-lawáhan changeable, fickle, as though from sa lawŕ; -for the latter see § 345. - -From derived words: ang ěnumínan place for drinking-water, water-shelf -(inum-ěn, § 367,a); ang sělangán-an the east (silang-ŕn, § 379. - -378. The formation (1) S -an is made from barytone roots and -corresponds in meaning to (a) in the preceding type; the suffix is -added as a rule without irregularity. - -Ang ěbígan ni Maryŕ at ni Hwŕn ay natápus sa pagtatampúhan. The -love-affair of Maria and Juan ended through their contrariness. Ang -lŕyásan nang manga sundálo ay hindí maampŕt nang kanila ng manga -pinúno`. The deserting of the soldiers could not be stopped by their -officers. Sa miyčrkules ang lůlánan nilŕ sa trčn. On Wednesday they -are to embark on the train. Ang půlútan nilŕ nang kwaltŕ ay náhintň` -nang márinig nilŕ ang putňk. Their scrambling for money ceased when -they heard the crash. ang těpúnan a meeting. - -So: háyag, húni, káin, kílos, sáma, túloy. - -Irregular in form is: Ang tŕwánan nila Hwŕn ay náhinto dahilŕn sa -kanila ng pagkŕgúlat. The laughter of Juan's crowd stopped on account -of their surprise (táwa). - -Irregular in meaning, as though local instead of plural, is: Ang -gulňd na itň ay sya ng sělángan nang áraw. This hill is the place -where the sun rises (sílang). - -379. The form from barytone roots corresponding to the type in § -377,b and often also to type a, is: (2) -an, without irregularities: -Ang agawŕn nang manga unggň` ay magulň. The grabbing by the monkeys -was confused. ang basahŕn a reading-room, library. Bulakŕn Bulacán -(name of a province, if from búlak a cluster of capoc cotton). Ang -maliět na úna ng itň ay sya kň ng duruŕn nang manga aspilč. This little -cushion is where I stick my needles. ang haluŕn a mixing-vessel. ang -hugasŕn a place for washing dishes. ang hulihŕn nang isdŕ` a -fishing-expedition. Si Hwána ay isa ng babáye ng kutuhŕn. Juana is a -lousy woman. Ang labanŕn nang manga Tůrkos at Inggléses ay kasulukúyan -pa lámang. The warfare between the Turks and the English is only now -taking place. Ang kanila ng lakarŕn ay lubhŕ ng masayŕ. Their walking -party is very merry. Ang kanila ng lusungŕn ay hindí natápus na mabúte, -sapagkŕt marámi sa manga táo ay matamŕd. Their cooperative scheme did -not turn out well, because most of the people were lazy. Ang murahŕn -ni Hwána at ni Maryŕ ay nárinig nang boň ng báyan. The revilings of -Juana and Maria were heard by the whole town. Sa báya-ng-San-Migčl -ay nangyáre ang isa ng nakawŕn. In the town of San Miguel a robbery -took place. Ang tablŕ ng itň ay ginawŕ ng pakuŕn nang manga báta` -sa manga páku ng aspilč na kinúha nilŕ. The children used this board -for hammering in the tacks they had taken. Ang bútas nang bangka` -ay sya ng ginawŕ ng pasakŕn ni Pédro nang pagkět. The leak in the -canoe was where Pedro calked in the wax. ang putikŕn a clay-pit; a -person or thing covered with mud. Ang isŕ ng labangŕn ay syŕ ng nagěng -silangŕn kay Hesůs. Jesus was born in a manger; ang kátri ng silangŕn -ni Hwána the bed in which Juana's children were born. Sya y sugatŕn -He is wounded; ang sugatŕn the wounded (as, after a battle). ang -sulatŕn a writing-desk. Ang sílong nang báhay ay sya nyŕ ng taguŕn -nang manga kasangkápan sa pagaalwáge. The ground-floor of his house -is where he keeps his carpentry tools. Ang kuwŕrto ng itň ay sya kň -ng tulugŕn. This room is my sleeping-place. Ang tulugŕn nang báhay -ni Hwŕn ay nása bubungŕn. The sleeping-quarters in Juan's house are -on the roof. ang utusŕn a servant, a waiter, an orderly. - -Similarly: áral, búkol, dáhil, hárang, hása`, íhaw, ílaw, káin, lúto`, -sábit, sábong, tápon, túlis, úlo, úpa, óras. - -With irregularities: hŕlamanŕn garden, flower-pot (haláman) has -secondary accent on the first of three syllables; angkŕn the members of -a given person's immediate family, not including himself: ang angkŕn -ni Hwŕn Krůs Juan Cruz' wife and children (from -ának, cf. mag-ának, -§ 358,a); kwayanŕn, beside kawayanŕn (kawáyan). - -With irregularity and reduplication: ka-kan-ŕn (-káin). - -380. (1) -an with irregularities forms static words denoting objects by -the action for which they are locally used or by the things they are -the place of; the local meaning is less explicit, and the object has -more fixed identity apart from its local relation than is the case in -the preceding forms. This distinction is very clear where both forms -occur from the same root (cf. kulňng, lagŕy); it may disappear where -only one form is made (sagíngan, atísan have the same value as nyúgan). - -ang atísan a grove of atis trees. Ang asuhŕn nang báhay ni Pédro ay -nasúnog. The chimney in Pedro's house burned out. Bigasŕn ang kanya ng -sináing. Her boiled rice has raw rice in it, is not done. Ang kanya ng -damět ay pulahŕn. Her clothes are all red. Sya y isŕ ng pulahŕn. He -is a Red, a member of the Red party. ang silángan the east, also -Silángan Silangan (name of a town). ang taanŕn a fugitive. ang manňk -na talúnan the defeated game-cock; lúto ng talúnan a dish in which the -defeated game-cock is cooked with ginger. Similarly: bákod, bubňng, -dúlo, gawŕ`, hanggŕ, harŕp, kulňng, labŕng, larň`, likňd, lulňd, paŕ, -ságing, tintéro. - -(a) Some roots which begin with l and most of those whose irregularity -involves contraction, have reduplication in this form: Ang lalagyŕn -ko nang librň ay ang mésa ng itň. This table is my bookstand. Ang -uupŕ ng itň ay gŕgamítin nang manga panaúhin. The guests will sit -on these seats. Ang uupŕ ng itň ay sa háre`. This seat is for the -king. lulurŕn shin. Similarly: hihigŕn (higŕ`), lalamúnan (lámon), -lalawígan (láwig), sasakyŕn (sakŕy), titirhŕn (tirŕ). - -(b) From derived words: Napútol nilŕ ang púno-ng-káhoy sa -kalahatían. They cut the tree at the middle. Nalagňt ang lúbid sa -kalahatían. The rope broke at the middle. (kalaháti`, § 519). Ang -bútas nang bangkŕ` ay nása tagilíran. The leak in the canoe is in -the side. Nilagyŕn ni Hwŕn nang tagilíran ang kanya ng báhay. Juan -put side-walls on his house. (tagílid, § 523). - -381. D -an, with accent shift if the root is barytone, forms words -denoting an object which is an imitation or miniature of such and -such: ang dagat-dagátan a lake; ang kabá-kabayúhan a play-horse; ang -tao-taúhan a manikin, doll; the pupil of the eye; ang baril-barílan -a toy-gun. Further derivatives from this formation, see § 352,d. - -382. Many roots here treated, because felt, as simple, end in -an: -bangŕn, batalŕn, dalandŕn, hagdŕn, haláman, kánan, kápitan, kapitŕn, -kawáyan, laráwan, pagítan, pakuwŕn, pangnŕn a hand-basket, pasígan -(Pásig is the name of a river), pinggŕn, saguwŕn a paddle, sangkálan, -tampalásan, tahílan. - -383. Similar formations with pang- prefixed add the element of -meaning present in the transient formations with mang- and pang-; -they have secondary accent on the prefix, as though it formed part -of the underlying word: - -(a) pŕng- -an (cf. § 377): Ang kahň ng itň ay sya ng pŕngitlúgan nang -manňk. This box is the place where the hen lays its eggs. - -(b) pŕng- (1) -an (cf. § 378): Si Hwŕn ay sya ng paráti ng pŕmunúan -nang básag-úlo. Juan is the one who always starts the fighting. - -(c) pŕng- (2) -an (cf. § 379): pŕngaserahŕn boarding-place. - - - -II. Secondary groups. - -1. Prefix si-. - -384. The prefix si- is used only in active transient forms, and -is always preceded by mag- or nag-: mag-si-pútol, mag-sě-si-pútol, -nag-si-pútol, nag-sě-si-pútol. In meaning these forms are explicit -plurals of the primary active forms. Occasionally the plural value -is emphasized by infixation of -ang- into the mag- or nag-. - -385. From the simple root the explicit plural with si- corresponds to -the primary actives with -um- or, in many cases, with mag-. Nagsiílag -sila sa báyan nang itň y pasúkin nang manga kaáway. They all fled from -the town when the enemy entered it. Ang manga áso ay nagsěsilámon. The -dogs are eating. Magsiligáya kayň. Rejoice, Be glad. Ang manga langgŕm -ay nagsěsilipumpňn (or: nagsěsilípon) sa nápatay nila ng gagambŕ. The -ants are crowding all over the spider they have killed. Nagsěsipútol -sila ng lahŕt nang tubň nang kamě ay dumatěng. They were cutting -sugar-cane when we arrived. Magsipútol kayň nang tubň. Do you all -cut sugar-cane. - -So from: akiyŕt, alěs, dálaw, dalň, datěng, húli, húsay, iyŕk, kantŕ, -kápit, lakě, lípat, lúlan, pígil, puntŕ, pustŕ, sáyad, tinděg, tugtňg, -túlong, túngo, uwě`. - -(a) Plurality emphasized: Nangagsiúrong ang manga sundálo. The soldiers -retreated. So also from alěs. - -386. This formation is made from the root with pag- prefixed when -it corresponds to primary actives with mag- in contrast with -um- -(§ 351). Nagsěsipagáral silŕ. They are studying. Magsipagáral -kayň. Study. Ang manga báta` ay áyaw magsipagbíhis. The children don't -want to change their clothes, get dressed up. Ang manga langgŕm ay -nagsěsipagípon (or: nagsěsipaglípon) nang pagkáin kung tagáraw. The -ants store up food in the hot season. Magsipagpútol kayň, Pédro, nang -káhoy na gŕgamítin sa paglilitsňn. Pedro, do you folks cut some wood -to be used in the barbecue. "Magsěsipagpútol dŕw sila nang dikóla," -ang sábi ni Hwána. "They say they are going to cut off the trains -of their skirts," said Juana. Napsipagpútol nang buhňk ang manga -Intsčk. The Chinamen cut off their queues. Nagsěsipagpútol nang buhňk -ang manga Intsčk na si Yčng at Tsŕng, nang sila y datnŕn ko sa kanila -ng tindáhan. The Chinamen Yeng and Chang were cutting their queues -when I came upon them in their shop. Nagsipagtipěd ang sundálo. The -soldiers economized. - -So from: basŕ`, dasŕl, hintň`, larň`, pasiyŕl, sísi, sugŕl, takbň, -tinděg, yukayňk. - -(a) Plurality emphasized: nangagsipagtakbň. - -(b) The pag- is used when the underlying word is a derived word: Ang -manga sundálo ng Tagálog ay nagsipaghimagsěk. The Tagalog soldiers -revolted (-himagsěk, § 518). Nagsipaghěmagsíkan silŕ. They fought each -other (hěmagsíkan, § 377,a). So from: agawŕn (§ 379), -bugtúngan (§ -377,a), labanŕn (§ 379), takbúhan (§ 377,a). Cf. § 406. - -(c) The same formation with accent shift of the root corresponds -to primary actives with mag- (1), § 353. It occurs from: bálot, -lákad, líbot. - -387. With pang- prefixed to the root, this formation corresponds to -the primary active with mang- (§ 357). Magsipamangká táyo. Let's all -go canoeing. Magsěsipamiyábas kamě sa manga gúbat na malápit. We are -going guava-picking in the jungles near here. Si Pédro at si Hwŕn ay -umáhon sa bundňk úpang magsipamútol nang káhoy na asanŕ`. Pedro and -Juan went up into the mountains to cut asana. Ŕáhon kamě sa bundňk at -magsěsipamútol kamě nang muláwin. We are going up into the mountains -to cut molave. - -So from: barěl, hína`, hingě`, noňd, tahímik, tálo. - -(a) With pang-hin-, cf. § 357,b: Silŕ y nagsipanghimagsěk. They made -a revolution. - - - -2. The prefix paki-. - -388. The prefix paki-, which forms simple static forms, transients, -and abstracts, expresses that the subject of the sentence performs -or undergoes the action along with others that were involved in it -before,--this either through interference or by favor of someone else. - -389. Simple static form: ang pakikinábang the obtaining of profit -(kinábang) in trade with others; also: holy communion. So pakipútol, -in command (cf. § 341,3,c), cut as a favor. - -390. The active transient and the abstract have the forms: maki-pútol, -makě-ki-pútol, naki-pútol, nakě-ki-pútol, paki-ki-pútol, i. e. the -reduplication affects the syllable -ki-. - -Ang kapitŕn ay nagpadalŕ nang isa ng sekréta sa lúpŕ nang kaáway -úpang makiramdŕm nang kanila ng kělúsan. The captain sent a spy to -the enemy's country to spy out (literally: perceive along) their -movements. Makěkikáin akň kina Lílay. I am going to Lilay's for a -meal. Si Pédro ay nakikáin kina Hwŕn. Pedro took a meal at Juan's -house. Nakipútol akň nang damň sa lúpŕ ni Mariyáno. I obtained -permission to cut grass from Mariano's land. Sila y nŕrňroňn sa búkid -ni Pédro at nakěkipútol nang damň. They have gone to Pedro's field -and are cutting grass there by his permission. Pumaroňn ka t makipútol -nang damň. Go and ask them to let you cut some grass. Pakikipútol díto -ni Hwŕn nang damň ay singilěn mo ang útang nya. When Juan asks to be -allowed to cut grass here, dun him for his debt. Sila y nakisúno kay -Mariyŕ. They had Maria let them live in her house with her. - -So: sakŕy, sáma, túloy, túlog. - -(a) With accent shift of the root (§ 337): makialŕm look after someone, -nose into others' affairs (álam). - -391. The root has pag- when the formation corresponds to a primary -active with mag- in contrast with -um- (§ 351): Nakěkipagáway ang -báta ng itň, kanyŕ` hindí dápat pahintulúta ng madalŕs na manáog -nang báhay. As this boy gets into fights, he should not often be -allowed to leave the house. Nakipagáway si Pédro. Pedro got into the -fight. Nasaktŕn si Hwŕn sa kanya ng pakikipaglarň`. Juan got hurt -when he joined into the game. So from: bunň`, dalamháti`, lában, -tagpň`, úsap. - -(a) From derived words: Hwag kŕ ng makipaglŕngúyan, Hwŕn, at baká -ka malúnod. Don't go swimming with the crowd, Juan, I am afraid -you might get drowned. Makěkipaglŕngúyan ka bŕ, Pédro? Are you -going along swimming, Pedro? Nakipagluksúhan si Hwŕn nang idáos ang -manga larň`. Juan entered in the jumping-contest when the games were -held. Similarly, from: pustá-han, siksík-an, takbú-han. All these -belong under § 377,a. See also § 427,b. - -(b) Corresponding to primary active with mag- (1) § 353: Nakipagbabŕg -si Pédro. Pedro got into a free fight (bábag). - -392. The root has pang-, corresponding to a primary active with mang-: -Sya y hindí pinahintulútan sa kanya ng pakikipamútol nang tubň. His -request to be allowed to cut cane was not granted. - -393. In the passive the paki- expresses that the subject undergoes the -action along with others, often as a favor on the part of the actor. So -direct passive: paki-putúl-in be cut, as a favor on the part of the -one who does the cutting; the recipient of the favor is the speaker. - -394. In the instrumental passive the meaning is similar; sometimes, -however, the instrumental passive is used with the person asking the -favor as agent. - -Maárě mo ngŕ ng ipakihúlog sa kuréyo ang súlat? Will you please -mail my letter for me? (literally: Can my letter please be -thrown-along-with-yours or thrown-as-a-favor into the mail by -you?). Ipinakihúlog ni Pédro ang áki ng súlat. Pedro mailed my letter -(along with his or as a favor) for me. Ipinakěkihúlog ko lámang kay -Pédro ang áki ng manga súlat. I am asking Pedro to mail my letters -for me; here ipinakěkihúlog is not that thrown as a favor, but that -asked to be thrown as a favor. Ipakěkipútol daw ni Hwŕn ang buhňk -nang alílŕ nya ng Intsčk. Juan says he will ask someone to cut his -Chinese servant's hair; ipakěkipútol is here that asked to be cut as -a favor, and the relation of asking is the only thing expressed by -the instrumental (rather than the direct) passive. - -395. The root has pag-, corresponding to § 351: Ipakipagpútol mo ngŕ` -nang buhňk ang guntěng na itň, úpang áti ng masubúkan ang húsay nang -talěm. Please use this shears in cutting hair, so that we may test the -quality of the edge (genuine instrumental passive). Ipakěkipagpútol -daw nya akň nang búhň` pagáhon nya sa bundňk. He says he will cut -some bamboo for me when he goes up into the mountains. (genuine -instrumental passive). Ipinakipagpútol akň ni Hwŕn nang tubň. Juan had -someone cut me some sugar-cane (literally: I was asked to be cut for -as a favor). Ipinakěkipagpútol daw ni Hwŕn si Pédro nang labňng. Juan -says he is having someone cut bamboo-shoots for Pedro. - -396. Local passive with paki-: pinakibalitáan was ascertained by the -actor getting people to tell him as a favor. - -(a) From shifted root: pinakialamŕn. - -(b) With pag- (cf. § 352): pinakěkipagtakbuhŕn. - - - -3. The prefix ka-. - -397. Secondary forms with the prefix ka- are of most varied meaning; -the principal types express association of two individuals or groups -and involuntary action. In accented form the prefix kŕ- expresses -chiefly accidental occurrence. In certain passives associated with -this group the prefix itself does not appear. - - - -(1) Simple static forms. - -398. Words with prefix ka- denote objects (or groups) standing in -such and such a relation to another object (or group). Sya y áki -ng nagěng kabaláe. He (she) has become my fellow-parent-in-law, -i. e. Our children have intermarried; the form ka-baláe merely -makes explicit the element of relation present in the simple word: -Si Bantůg ay áki ng baláe. Bantug's son (daughter) has married my -daughter (son). Ang manga áso ay nása kabilá nang bákod. The dogs -are on the other side of the fence (the simple -bilŕ` does not occur; -the idea of other side is always envisaged as relative). Ang búkid ni -Hwŕn ay karátig nang kay Pédro. Juan's field borders on Pedro's. Ang -mésa ng itň y kakúlay nang kahňn. This table is of the same color -as the chest. Si Hwŕn ang kalában ny Andrčs sa larň ng dáma. Juan is -Andres' opponent at checkers. Kamatŕ si Hwŕn ni Pédro. Juan and Pedro -took to each other from first sight. Ang tagpí nang báro ni Pédro ay -hindí kamukhá nang báro`. The patch on Juan's blouse does not match -the blouse. ang áki ng kapatěd na si Hwŕn my brother Juan. ang áki -ng kapútol na si Hwŕn my brother Juan; ang kapútol nang tubň a piece -(broken off) of the sugar-cane. Ang kasánib nang áki ng baněg ay ang -baněg ni Manuwčl. Manuel's sleeping-mat and mine overlap (kasánib -one of two things of which one overlaps the other). walŕ ng kasangkŕp -without accompaniments, trimmings, affixes. Si Mariyáno ang kasunod kň -ng lumŕlákad sa kalsáda. Mariano was the one who was walking behind -me on the street; ang kasunod kň ng naparoňn sa simbáhan the one who -followed me in going to church (kasunňd one of two persons one of whom -is following the other). ang katúngo the person one is dealing with, -the other party. Si Pédro ang kaugáli nang kanya ng kaybíga ng si -Hwŕn. Pedro has the same habits as his friend Juan. - -Similarly from: áway, báyan, biyŕk, bunň`, ribŕl, harŕp, kilála, kláse, -lákip, larň`, pantŕy, partč, sabuwŕt, sáli, sálo, sáma, súno`, tapŕt, -timbŕ`, untě`, úsap, walŕ`. - -Divergent in meaning are katáo (§ 255), kagabě, kahápon (§ -259). Cf. also § 520. - -(a) From derived words: Syŕ y isa kň ng kamagának. He is a relative -of mine (mag-ának, § 358,a), and kamakalawŕ (§ 259, from maka-lawŕ, -§ 453). - -(b) From a phrase: ang kasa-ng-báhay a person dwelling in the same -house with another, a housemate (isŕ ng báhay). - -(c) From shifted root (§ 337): Si Hwŕn ay kagalět ni Pédro at ni -Kulŕs. Juan is at odds with Pedro and Nicolás. ang kanyŕ ng kagalět -the person or persons with whom he is at odds. Si Pédro ang nagěng -kasirá ni Hwŕn. It is Pedro with whom Juan is angry. Hindí ko katalň -si Párě Hwŕn. I don't play winning-and-losing games with Father -Juan. Similarly from álam, sáma. - -(d) The root is reduplicated in a few cases: Si Pédro ang áki ng -kababáyan. Pedro is my fellow-townsman (beside kabáyan); katutúbo` -native, ingrown, inborn, inherited. - -399. kŕ-ka-. With accented reduplication of the prefix these forms -emphasize the incompleteness of the correlative object: Kŕkapútol -lámang na tubň ang áki ng nŕkúha. I got only a little piece of the -sugar-cane. So also kákauntč`. - -400. ka- R. With accented reduplication of the underlying word ka- -forms words expressing the recent completion of an act; they are -used impersonally (§ 77) or as conjunctive attributes. Kaŕáway pa -lámang ni Hwŕn sa kanya ng kalarň`. Juan has only just now quarreled -with his playmate. Kabŕbángon ko. I have just got up. Kagŕgáling sa -báyan nang kapatěd ko ng babáye. My sister has just come back from -town. Kahíhiga ko pa lámang. I had just then lain down. Kalŕlarú ku pa -lámang sa báta`. I have just finished playing with the child. Kapůpútol -ko pa lámang nang yantňk. I have only just now cut some rattan. So -gísing, káin. - -(a) ka-pag- R, with the usual value of pag- (§ 369, etc.): Kapagpůpútol -lámang ni Hwŕn nang kawáyan. Juan has just come from cutting bamboo. - -(b) ka-pang- R, corresponding to active with mang- (§ 357): kapamůmútol -(pútol). - -401. ka- D. With doubling of the root ka- has causative value: it -expresses that which causes such and such an involuntary action, -specifically, such and such an emotion: Ang dumatěng na bálang -ay katákot-tákot ang dámi. The locusts that came were frightful in -quantity. So from hiyŕ`, takŕ. Vowel-contraction in kŕwáwa` pitiable, -piteous (for ka-áwa-áwa`). Slightly divergent in meaning is karáka-ráka -(§ 265,5). - -402. In a different use ka- has the form kay- in some words; these -formations express a remarkable degree of a quality; they are used -impersonally (§ 76), as predicate (§ 247), occasionally as conjunctive -attributes: kaálat kayálat what saltiness! (of water); kay-asůl what -blueness! Katáyog nang púno-ng-niyňg na iyňn! How tall that cocoanut -tree is! Kayuntě` nang ibinigŕy nya ng laruwŕn sa ákin! How few toys -he gave me! So: kay-dámot, ka-rámot, ka-rúnong, ka-itěm, kakínis, -ka-láyo`, ka-muntě`, ka-pulŕ, ka-tabŕ`, kay-tipěd. - -(a) With reduplication of the root, this form refers to the quality -in an explicit plurality of objects: kaiitčm what blackness! (of -several things); Kalalaměg nang paŕ nang manga báta`! How cold the -children's feet are! - -(b) With doubled root these forms intensify the quality: Kaydámot-dámot -nang báta ng itň! What a terribly stingy child! (kaydámot, karámot -what stinginess! ang dámot stinginess). - -403. A few forms with accented ka- prefixed to the root envisage the -accidental nature of the reciprocal relation: Ang manga damět na -itň ay kásiya sa baňl. These clothes will fit into the trunk. Akň -ang kásundo` ni Pépe sa pagpapalarň` nang bčsbol sa manga báta`. I -am at one with Pepe as to letting the children play baseball. Hábang -akň y nagdádaŕn, kátaon namŕ ng isinábuy nya ang túbig. He threw out -the water at the very time, it happened, that I was passing by. ang -kŕtiwála` a confidential agent, manager, overseer. - -The words káluluwŕ and kápuwŕ`, which resemble this formation, seem -to be felt as simple roots and have been so treated here. - - - -(2) Normal transients, abstracts, and special static forms. - -404. k-um-a-. An active with -um- is made from ka-úsap as underlying -word: Si Hwŕn ay kumŕkaúsap sa ákin. Juan was talking at me, -haranguing me. - -405. mag-ka- pag-ka-ka-. Actives with mag- and abstracts with pag- -r from underlying words with ka- express a partial affection of the -actor or of a group of actors; ka- here has its involuntary force: -the actor is not a rational and voluntary agent. Nagkaroňn ako nang -trabáho kanína ng umága, sapagkŕt nagpasakŕy akň sa trčn nang manga -kamátis nang tátay ko. I was kept busy this morning, for I attended -to the shipping by train of my father's tomatoes. Nagkaroňn sya -nang gálit. He harbored ill-feeling. Nagkagulň ang manga Amerikáno -sa pagdatěng nang Dňytsland. The Americans were surprised at the -coming of the "Deutschland". Nagkagustň sya ng kumáin nang súha`. He -conceived a desire of eating grape-fruit. Nagkŕkalípon ang manga -langgŕm sa púto. The ants are getting all over the cake. Akň y -nagkamálay pagkaraŕn nang ilŕ ng sandalě ng paghihimatŕy. I returned -to consciousness after a few moments' fainting-spell. Nagkapálad si -Hwŕn na makaratěng díto ng maluwalháti`. Juan was fortunate enough to -get back here safe and sound. Ang pakwŕn ay nagkasíra`. The watermelon -got partly spoiled. Ang manga ságing ay nagkasíra` sa kalaúnan nang -pagkŕtágo` sa lalagyŕn. Some of the bananas got spoiled on account -of the long time they were kept stored. Nása simbáhan. silŕ nang -magkasúnog. They were at church when a fire occurred. Twi ng papasúkin -ko sa kurŕl ang manga kalabŕw ay nagkákawalá silŕ. Every time I put -the carabao into the corral, they get away. - -So: búkol, hinňg. - -406. mag-ka- (1) pag-ka-ka- (1). Accent shift in this formation serves -various uses: - -(a) It may be due to the root: Si Hwŕn ay nagkasakět noo ng bwŕ ng -nagdaŕn. Juan had a sickness last month. Si Hwŕn ay hindí makapútol -nang káhoy, sapagkŕt mahínŕ pa sya dahilŕn sa pagkakasakět. Juan cannot -cut wood, because he is still weak on account of his recent illness. - -(b) It expresses plurality: Magkákaputňl ang manga tubň. The sugar-cane -will get broken in numbers. Nagkaputňl ang manga tubň sa lakŕs nang -hángin. The sugar-cane broke in quantity under the violence of the -wind. Nagkákaputňl ang manga tubň sa kalakasŕn nang hángin. Much -sugar-cane is breaking under the force of the wind. - -So also from lúnod. - -(c) The form is really a simple active with mag- from an underlying -word of the form ka- (1), § 398,c; three words of this kind occur: -Sila y nagkagalět. They quarreled. ang pagkakagalět the quarrel. Ang -Hapňn at ang Tsína ay nagkasirŕ`. Japan and China had a break. Silŕ -y nagkatalň. They played a winning-and-losing game. Nagkatalu nŕ ang -manga nagsúsugŕl. The gamblers have lost and won, have finished their -winning-and-losing game. - -In accordance with § 356, the underlying word is doubled with -distributive plural meaning: Sila ng ápat ay nagkagá-kagalět. The -four of them all got angry at one another. - -Similarly, an explicit plural with mag-si-pag- is formed (cf. § -386,b): Nagsipagkasirá silŕ. They had a falling out. - -407. (a) mag-ka- r pag-ka-ka- r. The reduplication of the root -expresses repeated action in a form with retraction of accent and -irregular insertion of ng after the prefix: Sya y nagkŕkangdadápa`. He -kept falling on his face. - -(b) mag-ka- D pag-ka-ka- D. Doubling of the root seems a more regular -expression of the same value: nagkŕkaumpňg-umpňg. - -408. Special static words with mag-ka- are simply dual collectives with -mag- (§ 358,a) from underlying words with ka- (§ 398): Ang baněg ni -Hwŕn at ni Pédro ay magkaánib (or: magkasánib) sa pagkŕlátag. Juan's -and Pedro's sleeping-mats overlap each other as they are spread. ang -magkabaláe a pair of persons related by intermarriage of their -children (more insistent on the relational element, but practically -equal to magbaláe, § 358,a). Ang dalawa ng manňk ay magkabukňd nang -kulungŕn. The two chickens were in separate crates. Ang búkid ni Hwŕn -at ni Pédro ay magkarátig. Juan's field and Pedro's border on each -other. Si Pédro at si Hwŕn ay magkapantŕy. Pedro and Juan are of the -same height. ang magkapatěd two brothers or sisters, a brother and -a sister. ang magkapútol na si Andrčs at si Rafayčl the brothers -Andrés and Rafael. Magkapútol kamě ni Hwŕn nang báro`. Juan and I -have blouses made of the same cloth. dalawŕ ng bágay na gŕgawi ng -magkasunňd two things that are to be done one after the other. - -(a) From kababáyan (§ 398,d): dalawŕ ng estudyŕnte ng magkababáyan -two students from the same town. - -409. mag-ka-ka. As the explicit plural corresponding to these duals -reduplicates the underlying word (§ 358,b), the syllable ka- is -repeated in this meaning: ang magkakapatěd a group of three or more -brothers and (or) sisters; in the same meaning ang magkakapútol. So -also from: bukňd, sáma, súno`. - -(a) The form magkababáyan (§ 408,a) rejects the extra reduplication, -and is therefore plural as well as dual: tatlo ng estudyŕnte ng -magkababáyan three students from the same town. - -410. mag-kŕ- pag-ka-kŕ-. The transient with mag- and abstract with -pag- r from underlying words with kŕ- have the accidental value of -the latter prefix, usually with a dual reciprocal meaning. Sa kabilŕ -ng bandŕ mo ibwŕl ang púno ng iyŕn, sapagkŕt kung irč ay ibuwal kň y -baká magkádagan ang dalawa ng púno`. Fell your tree in the direction -away from me, so that if I fell this one, the two trees won't fall one -on top of the other. Magkŕkŕdagŕn ang dalawa ng púno ng itň, kapag -hindí mo ibinwŕl sa kabilŕ ng bandŕ iya ng pinůpútol mo. These two -trees will fall one on top of the other, if you don't make the one you -are cutting down fall the other way. Nagkádagan ang dalawa ng báta` -nang mahúlog sila sa hagdŕn. The two children landed one on top of -the other when they fell from the ladder. Ilabas mň sa búkid, Kulŕs, -ang dalawa ng sáko ng pálay na nagkŕkŕdagŕn na nása bangŕn. Nicolás, -take out to the field the two bags of rice that are lying one on top -of the other in the granary. Ang pagkakáiba nang ugáli ni Pédro at ni -Hwŕn ay gáya nang pagkakáiba nang túbig at nang apňy. The difference -in character between Pedro and Juan is like the difference between -water and fire. magkáhiwalŕy part from each other (by force of -circumstances, of two people). Ang ikinahátě nang palayňk ay ang -masamŕ ng pagkakálagay nitň. What caused the rice-pot to break was -the bad way it was placed. magkŕmáyaw harmonize. ang pagkakásabŕy the -happening at the same time of two events. Sya y nagkŕsála. He sinned -(against the moral order, God, etc.) Ang pagkakŕsála kay Bathála` -ay pinarůrusáhan sa infiyčrno. Sinning against God is punished in -hell. Běbilhin kň ang kabáyo ng iyňn, kung magkŕkŕsya ang áki ng -kwaltŕ. I shall buy this horse, if my money is sufficient. Walá sila -ng pagkakásundň`. The two don't agree on anything. ang pagkakátaňn -the coincidence in time of one event with another, of two events. ang -pagkakátayň` the standing up together (even of more than two people). - -(a) Somewhat different are kung magkŕbihíra` at odd times; kung -magkágayňn when things turn out thus, when this is the state of -affairs. So also, with static value: Ang magkábila ng dúlo nang lápis -ay matúlis. Both ends of the pencil are sharpened. - -411. mag-kŕ- D pag-ka-kŕ- D. With doubled root plurality is expressed: -Nagkŕhiwá-hiwalŕy ang manga dáhun nang librň. The leaves of the book -came apart. Ang manga ginágawá nya ng pangísip nang manga makabuluhŕ -ng fétsa nang istňriya ay ang pagkakŕsunňd-sunňd at pagítan nilŕ. He -remembers the important dates of history by their sequence and their -intervals. - -(a) With accent shift, from a barytone root: Nagkŕputol-putňl ang -katawŕn nang táo ng nŕsagasáan nang trčn. The body of the man who -was run over by the train got all mangled. Nagkŕkŕputol-putňl ang -katawŕn nang bála ng táo ng mŕsagasáan nang trčn. The body of a person -run over by a train is cut to pieces. Magkŕkŕputol-putňl ang túbo ng -kristŕl na iyŕn kapag iyo ng ibinagsŕk. If you drop that glass tube, -it will break into a thousand pieces. - -412. ka- (1) -in, k-in-a-. The simple direct passive is formed from -an underlying derived word with ka- with normal meaning. So from -ka-lában, ka-úsap. - -(a) A special static word corresponding to those in § 366 is ang -kinákapatěd the child of one's godparents (from ka-patěd). - -From it are derived the dual collective (§ 358,a) magkinákapatěd a -pair of such, and the plural (§ 358,b) magkikinákapatěd three or more, -as a group. - -413. i-ka- i-k-in-a-. The instrumental passive with prefix ka- -has a specialized meaning: it expresses transiently, an inanimate, -or at least irrational and involuntary, object or circumstance which -causes such and such an action: and this latter action is in turn -also involuntary or out of control of the actor (as, for instance, -the ability to do a thing), see § 432 ff. - -Ang kawalŕn ni Andrčs nang hánap-búhay sa báya ng itň ay sya nyŕ ng -ikinaalěs. Andrés' inability to make a living in this town is what -forced him to leave. Ang malě ng anyň nang pulúbe ay siyŕ ng ikinaáwa` -sa kanya ni Hwŕn. The bad condition of the beggar was what made Juan -pity him. Ang pagsasakŕy nang kutséro nang manga táo ng may sakět -na nakŕhŕháwa ay sya ng ikinabáwě nang kanya ng pahintúlot. The -driver's taking people with contagious diseases into his carriage -was what caused his license to be withdrawn. Ang ikinahárang nang -mangŕ naglálakŕd ay ang pagkáalam nang manga tulisŕn na silŕ y may -dalŕ ng kwaltŕ. What caused the wayfarers to be held up was the -robbers' happening to know that they had money with them. Ikinaháte -ni Hwŕn sa búnga ang kanya ng laséta. Juan's knife enabled him to -cut the betel fruit. Ang pagkasála nya sa singsěng ay ang hindí niya -ikinakúha nang ganti ng pála`. His missing the ring is what kept him -from winning the prize. Yňn ay áki ng ikinalúlungkňt. I am sorry, -I am sorry to hear that. Ang pangungublě nang manga sundálo ay sya -nilŕ ng hindí ikinamatŕy. The soldiers' keeping in hiding is what -saved their lives. Ikinapútol nang yantňk na pamálo` ang pagkŕpálu -kay Hwŕn. The caning Juan got broke the rattan that was used on -him. Ikinapůpútol nang marámi ng tubň ang malakŕs na hángin. The -strong wind is making much sugar-cane break. Ikapůpútol nang manga -sangŕ nang káhoy ang malakŕs na hángi ng itň. This strong wind will -cause many branches of trees to break off. Ikapůpútol nya sa manga -kawáyan ang paggúlang nitň. The aging of the bamboo plants will force -him to cut them down. Ang pagkalúnod nang Kastíla` ay ikinatákot nang -tatlň ng magkakaybígan. The drowning of the Spaniard frightened the -three friends. Ang kanyŕ ng pagmamasěd sa manga tála` sa gabě ay sya -nyŕ ng malakě ng ikinatútuwŕ`. His observation of the stars at night -is his great source of pleasure. - -Similarly, from: bingě, búhay, búti, gálit, hángo`, húlog, káya, -lípat, lúgi, túlong, walŕ`. - -414. i-pag-ka- i-p-in-ag-ka. With pag- this instrumental passive -corresponds to the active with magka- (§ 405). The reduplication of -the durative forms affects the ka-. - -Ang ipinagkagusto nyŕ ng kumáin nang sorbétes ay ang kainítan. It -is the heat which makes him want to eat ices. Ipagkákamatŕy nang -manga manňk ang masamŕ ng túbig. The bad water will make the chickens -die. Ang kalamigŕn sa tagulŕn ay sya ng ipinagkŕkamuň nang túbig sa -ílog. The cold weather in winter is what makes the water in the river -congeal. Baká ipagkawalá nang manga manňk sa kulungŕn ang pagpapapások -mo doňn niyŕ ng áso. See that your putting that dog into the enclosure -doesn't make the chickens try to get away. Ipagkákawalŕ nang bíhag -ang pagkŕbalíta` sa kanyŕ nang parúsa ng kŕkamtan nyŕ. The captive's -being told of the punishment he will get, will make him try to -escape. Ipinagkawalá nya sa kůlúngan ang pagpapahírap sa kanyŕ. Their -torturing him made him escape from his confinement. Ipinagkákawalŕ -nya sa bělanggúan ang masamŕ ng pagpapakáin sa kanya díto. The bad -food they gave him in the jail made him try to escape. - -415. Similarly, with accent shift this passive corresponds to the -active with mag-ka- (1), § 406,b. Ipinagkŕkabalč` (or: ipinagkŕkaputňl) -nang manga sangŕ nang káhoy ang bagyň ng itň. This hurricane is -breaking off many branches of trees. Nang ipagkaputňl nang áki ng -manga tubň ang hángin ay nalungkůt akň. When the wind broke down my -sugar-cane I was dismayed. Ipinagkaputňl nang manga tubň ang malakŕs -na hángi ng nagdaŕn. The recent strong wind broke down much sugar-cane. - -Similarly: ipinagkasakět (sákit). - -416. Special static forms with i-ka- are made from the numerals, -with occasional contraction, forming ordinals and fractions: ikaánim -ikánim the sixth; ikaápat ikápat the fourth, a fourth, a quarter; -ikalawŕ the second; ikalimŕ the fifth; ikapitň the seventh; ikatlň -the third. Cf. § 347,a. - -(a) The ordinal corresponding to isŕ one is however the independent -root úna first; half is kalaháte`, § 519. - -(b) From phrases, of course, the higher numbers: ikaisa-ng-daŕn -hundredth; ikaisa-ng-laksŕ` millionth; ikaisa-ng-líbo thousandth; -ikasa-m-pů` tenth; ikalabi-ng-isŕ eleventh; ikadalawa-ng-pů` twentieth; -ikadalawa-ng-pů-t-isŕ twenty-first. - -417. i-kŕ- i-k-in-ŕ-. The instrumental passive from the root with -accented kŕ- differs from that with unaccented ka- (§ 413) in that -the action or occurrence caused is not only involuntary but accidental -and entirely out of the control of the actor (see § 458 ff.). - -Ang ikinŕgůgusto kň sa kayibígan ko ng si Hwŕn ay ang kanya ng mabaět -na ugáli`. What makes me have a liking for my friend Juan is his -lovable character. Ang ginawá nya ng paggugupět sa manga retáso ng -itinŕtágo nang kanya ng nánay ay sya nyŕ ng ikinŕpálo`. His cutting up -the patches his mother was saving is what made it necessary to thrash -him. Ang ikinásakay nyŕ sa kabáyo ng bara-barŕ ay ang kawalŕn nya -nang iba ng kabáyo. What made him get on the wild horse was his lack -of other horses. Ikinátahol nang áso ang pagkádapá ni Hwan. Juan's -falling down made the dog bark. - -So also from: iyŕk, pátag. - -(a) Accent shift is due to the root: Ang pagkátahol nang áso ay sya ng -ikinágising nang natůtúlug na báta`. The barking of the dog was what -made the sleeping child wake up. Ikŕtŕtawa nyŕ ang iyo ng sŕsabíhin. He -won't be able to keep from laughing when you say that. Ikinŕtŕtawŕ ni -Hwŕn ang sinábi ni Pédro. What Pedro said makes Juan laugh in spite -of himself. - -418. Corresponding to primary actives with mag- contrasted with -um-, -and with mang-, we should expect pag- and pang- to be retained before -the root in these formations; the only example is: ikinápagtirŕ, -corresponding to magtirŕ, in contrast with tumirŕ (§§ 348. 351). - -419. ka- (1) -an, k-in-a- (1) -an. The local passive with ka- is -used when the action is an involuntary one, especially an emotion, -of a rational actor, or when the actor is inanimate or irrational. - -Ang hulihŕn nang manga kinagalítan ni Patúpat ay idináos nang manga -gwŕrdiya-siběl kagabč. The arrest of the people who have incurred -Patupat's anger was carried out by the gendarmes last night. Kahiyaŕn -mň ang táo ng matandŕ`. Reverence the aged. ang kinahulúgan nang báta` -the place from which the child fell. Ang bintána ng iyŕn ang syŕ ng -kahůhulúgan nang báta`, pag hindí mo isinarŕ. The child will fall -out of that window, if you don't shut it. Baká ninyo kalunúran ang -ílog, manga báta`. See that you don't get drowned in that river, -children. Ang kanya ng kalůlunúran ay ang ílog na itň. He will -get drowned in this river some day. ang báhay na kinamatayŕn the -house where someone died, ang báhay nang kinamatayŕn the house in -which someone died, the house of the bereaved family. Kinapatirŕn -nang lúbid ang lugŕr na malápit sa dúlo-ng-bandŕ-ng-kaliwŕ`. The -rope broke at a point near the left-hand end. Ang kapŕpatirŕn nang -sinúlid ay malápit sa buhňl. The place where the thread will break -is near the knot there. Kinatakútan nya ang báhay na pinagpatayŕn sa -kúra`. He was afraid of the house where the priest was killed. Ang -kinatŕtakútan nang manga báta` ay ang núno`. The children are afraid -of the ghost. Katakútan ninyň ang núno`. You had better be afraid -of ghosts. Kinatamarŕn ni Hwŕn ang kanyŕ ng pagaáral. Juan became -neglectful about his studying. Nang katamarŕn ni Hwŕn ang kanya -ng pagaáral ay malápit na syŕ ng makatápos nang karéra. When Juan -became lazy about his studies, he was already near the end of his -course. Katŕtamaran nyŕ ang kanyŕ ng pagaáral, pag binigyŕn mo syŕ -nang marámi ng salapč`. He will be lazy about his studies, if you -give him too much money. - -Similarly from: buwísit, íwan, kíta, walŕ`. - -(a) With shifted root: Isa ng pulúbe ang kinaŕawaŕn ni Hwŕn. It was -a beggar who aroused Juan's pity. - -420. pag-ka- (1) -an, p-in-ag-ka- (1) -an; pag-ka- (2) -an, p-in-ag-ka- -(2) -an. Local passives with pag- before the ka- involve a plurality -of actors. The durative reduplication affects the ka-; barytone roots -have an extra accent-shift. - -Ang kináin nang usŕ ay malakě ng pinagkŕkagustuhŕn nang -manga Ilóko. The Iloco are very fond of the contents of deers' -stomachs. Pinagkŕkalipumpunŕn nang manga langgŕm ang púto. The ants -are swarming all over the cake. Ang pinagkamatayŕn nang manga kambčng -ay ang lugŕr na itň. This is the place where the goats perished. Hwag -mň ng dalhěn sa bundňk ang manga manňk, sapagkŕt iyň y kanilŕ ng -pagkŕkamatayŕn. Don't take the chickens into the hills, for they -would die there. - -Barytone roots: Pinagkatakutŕn nilŕ ang báhay na pinagpatayŕn -sa kúra`. They were afraid of the house where the priest was -killed. Pinagkŕkatakutŕn nilŕ ang manga mababagsěk na háyop. They -are afraid of wild animals. Hwag mň ng ipamalíta` ang nŕkíta nátin -díto, sapagkŕt baká ang lugŕr na itň y pagkatakutŕn. Don't tell what -we have seen here, for this place would be feared. Pagkŕkatakutŕn -nilŕ ang lugŕr na itň, pag nŕláman nilŕ ang nangyári ng paghaharangŕn -díto. They will be afraid of this place when they know of the hold-ups -that occurred here. ang pinagkatalunŕn that which was the occasion -of winning by many (tálo). - -421. ka- S -an. Special static words, corresponding to those with S --an (§ 377) are formed with prefix ka- from oxytone roots; in meaning -they are collectives and abstracts of quality: ang kasŕyáhan gladness; -Ang katŕmáran ni Patrísiyo ay katutúbo` sa kanya ng láhi`. Patricio's -laziness is inborn in his family. So from the roots: baět, banŕl, -damdŕm, dangŕl, duwŕg, lagŕy, lungkňt, luwŕng, mahŕl, malě`, matŕy, -pintŕs, sangkŕp, tungkňl, tuwŕ`, tuwěd. - -Divergent in meaning is ang Kapampángan a Pampanga, if from pangpŕng. - -The secondary accent is lacking, irregularly, in kalayáan (layŕ`); with -contraction in kayilángan, kaylángan (beside kailángan, from ilŕng). - -(a) This latter word underlies an active with mang-, an abstract with -pang- r, and a simple direct passive: nangŕngayilángan requires; ang -pangangayilángan need, necessity; Kŕkayilangáni ng magdaŕn si Pédro -ríto bágu sya umalěs. Pedro will have to come here before he leaves. - -(b) From a derived word, with the secondary accent irregularly -placed: Boo ng báyan ay nagdíwang sa kapangŕnákan ni Risŕl. The whole -country celebrated Rizal's birthday; also: ang áraw nang kapangŕnákan -birthday,--from panganŕk (§ 347). - -422. ka- (2) -an. Barytone roots have, in the same sense, an accent -shift of two syllables, corresponding to § 379. Boň ng kabahayŕn ang -nŕkíta námin sa gitnŕ nang daŕn. We saw a whole set of household goods -in the middle of the road; also: ang kabahayŕn a house containing -several dwellings. Marámi sa manga táo ang nakŕkěkilála nang kanila -ng karapatŕn, dátapuwat nakalělímot nang kanila ng katungkúlan. Many -are the people who know their rights but forget their duties. Ang -karamútan nang páre` ay nagěng kasabihŕn. The stinginess of the priest -is proverbial. Ang katakutŕn sa Dyňs ay isa ng kabŕítan. Fear of -the Lord is a virtue. Ang pagbibigŕy nang sigarělyo ay isa sa manga -matatandŕ ng kaugaliŕn sa Filipínas. Giving cigarettes is one of the -old customs in the Philippines. ang kawikaŕn a proverb. - -So from abála, áraw, búlo, gámit, húlog, íbig, lángit, payápa`, síra`, -tápos, útos. - -With contraction: kahariyŕn, kaharyŕn (hári`), and, if from táo, -katawŕn body. - -(a) From the latter word there is an abstract of action, with pang- -r: ang pangangatawŕn physique (cf. pananamět, etc., § 357). - -423. ka- (1) -an. Corresponding to the formation (1) -an (§ 378), the -collective-abstracts of this type with ka- have formal irregularities -and, where there is any contrast (e. g. mahŕl), less explicit and -more specialized meaning than the preceding two groups. - -ang kaalátan saltiness (of water). Sa gabě ng itň ang kabilúgan nang -buwŕn. The fullness of the moon is tonight. Ang kadalamhatían ay -isa ng damdámi ng hindí nŕrŕrápat sa táo. Grief is an emotion not -becoming to a man or woman. ang karunúngan wisdom. ang kahangalŕn -foolishness (ang hangŕl a fool). ang kaibhŕn the difference. ang -kalinísan cleanness, cleanliness. ang kamatsingŕn monkey-tricks, -naughtiness. ang kamuráhan cheapness. Sawě` ang kanya ng kapaláran. His -luck is bad. Sa kapanayŕn nang ulŕn kung tagulŕn ay hindí masiglŕ ang -báyan. The town is not cheerful during the unabated rains of the rainy -season. Ang manga táo y marámi ng kasalánan. People have many sins. ang -kasamaŕn badness. kasawiŕn poor position, awkwardness. kasinungalíngan -falsehood, a lie. kasipágan diligence. Ang desgrásya ng nangyári -kay Hwŕn ay isa ng hampŕs nang katalagahŕn. The misfortune which -has come to Juan is a blow of fate. Ang kanila ng pagílag ay hindí -katapángan. Their fleeing was not a brave act. ang boň ng kataúhan -all mankind. ang katipúnan a meeting, Katipúnan a secret society -organized against the Spaniards; a member of this. kayabángan pride. - -So from: bába`, bábaw, bigŕt, buhángin, búhay, búti, dalŕs, dámi, -dámot, dániw (if karaniyúwan is so to be analyzed), dilěm, ginháwa, -gúbat, hába`, hína`, hírap, iklě`, ínit, lakŕs, lakě, laměg, lápad, -láon, liět, lóko, lúnod, lupět, mahŕl, mangmŕng, párang, fiyčsta, -pulň`, sakěm, salŕt, salbáhi, salúkoy, taŕs, Tagálog, tahímik, tákaw, -tákot, talíno, tampalásan, tangháli`, túlin, túnay, totoň, ulňl, -walŕ`, yáman. - -(a) From a phrase: Iyň y kawala-ng-hyaŕn ni Pédro. That was a shameless -action of Pedro's (walŕ ng hiyŕ`). - -(b) From derived words: ang Kakapampangánan the Pampanga country -(Kapampángan, § 421). - -ang boň ng kamaganákan nina Krůs, Bantňg, at iba pŕ the whole -relationship of the Cruz's, Bantogs, and so on; ang boň ng kamaganákan -ni Pédro Vyóla the whole family of Pedro Viola (magának, § 358,a). - -ang kapangyaríhan power (-pangyári, as though by § 347). - -424. ka- r (1) -an, ka- r (2) -an. With reduplication of the root and -accent shift of one syllable for an oxytone root, of two in barytone -roots, ka- and -an form special static words denoting something -surprising or provocative of such and such an emotion. - -Itů y kagagawŕn ni Hwŕn! This is some of Juan's work! cf. Itů y gawá -ni Hwŕn. Juan did this, made this. Ang pagkáupo ni Pédro sa sůgálan ay -kagagawŕn nang isa nyŕ ng kaybígan. Pedro's sitting at the gaming-table -was the work of one of his fine friends. Ang pŕtáya ng nangyári kagabě -ay kagagawŕn ni Pédro. The killing which occurred last night was some -of Pedro's doing. So: katuturŕn a correct outcome (tuwěd). - -Barytone roots: Ang katatakutŕn nang báta` ay ang núno`. The thing -that arouses the child's fear is a ghost. Ang kanya ng katatawanŕn -ay ang unggň`. His source of laughter is the monkey. ang salitŕ ng -katatawanŕn a jest-word, a funny expression. - -425. With secondary accent on the first syllable of the underlying -word, ka- and -an form also words denoting one of two reciprocal -actors. This is the form for oxytone roots, ang kaběgáyan a person -with whom one exchanges gifts. Si Hwána ay siya ng kabůlúngan ni -Maryŕ. Juana is the one Maria whispers with. ang kahampásan one of -two who perform mutual flagellation, kahěráman one of two who borrow -from each other. kaěnúman person one drinks with. kakŕlabítan one of -two who touch each other. Ang kapŕtáyan ni Hwŕn ay si Pédro. Juan is -engaged in a mortal conflict with Pedro. Ang kapŕtíran ni Hwána nang -sinúlid ay ang kanya ng kaybíga ng si Maryŕ. Juana cuts thread with -her friend Maria. ang kasŕlitáan the person with whom one converses. Si -Hwŕn ay kaůlúlan ni Pédro. Juan and Pedro fool each other. ang kaůpúan -one of two who sit together. - -426. Barytone roots add accent shift of one syllable. Ang kahůlúgan nya -nang súha` ay ang kanyŕ ng kapatěd. The one with whom he takes turns at -dropping down grape-fruit from the tree is his brother. ang kahůníhan -one of two birds that chirp at each other. ang kaěbígan one of two -who love each other. ang kakŕínan one of two who eat together. Si -Hwána ay siya ng kapůtúlan ni Maryŕ nang kukň. Juana and Maria cut -each other's fingernails. ang kasůlátan one's correspondent. ang -katŕlúnan one's opponent in a dispute. - -(a) The shift is due to the root in: Si Maryŕ ay syŕ ng kaŕbútan ni -Hwána nang manga mabangů ng bulaklŕk. Maria and Juana hand each other -fragrant flowers (as in some ceremony or game). - -(b) With contraction and lack of secondary accent: ang kayibígan, -kaybígan a friend (contrast kaěbígan above). - -(c) In a few instances barytone roots have accent shift of two -syllables without secondary accent. Si Maryáno ay kahatakŕn ni Kulŕs -nang lúbid. Mariano is pulling at the rope against Nicolás. ang -kamurahŕn one of two who curse at each other (with meaning ordinarily -peculiar to the shifted root, § 337). Sumúlong at Kasamahŕn Sumulong -and Company. kasulatŕn one's correspondent (equal to kasůlátan, -above). Ang katuruŕn ni Pédro ay ang báta ng si Hwŕn. Pedro and little -Juan are pointing at each other. - -427. These formations serve as underlying words of a few derivatives: - -(a) Active with mag- and abstract with pag- r (§ 352): ang -pagkakayibígan the joining in friendship of two people. - -(b) Secondary active with maki- from the preceding: makipagkayibígan -win one's way into someone's friendship, become friends with someone. - -(c) Dual collective with mag- (§ 358,a): Si Pédro at si Hwŕn ay -magkahěráman nang sambalílo at sandŕlyas. Pedro and Juan lend each -other hats and sandals. magkaěbígan a pair of lovers. magkaybígan a -pair of friends. - -(d) Where the dual value of the underlying form is weak, explicit -plurals of the preceding with mag- r (§ 358,b) occur: ang magkakaybígan -a group of three or more friends. ang magkakasamahŕ ng si Pédro, si -Hwŕn, at si Andrčs the party consisting of Pedro, Juan, and Andrés. ang -magkakasamahŕ ng sina Pédro the party of Pedro and his followers. Ang -magkakasamahŕ ng nagsipagpasyŕl ay sina Maryŕ, Hwána, Pédro, -at Kulŕs. The party that went for a walk consisted of Maria, Juana, -Pedro, and Nicolás. Ang magkakasamahŕ ng napasa húlo` at napaluwásan -ay sinŕ Mariyáno, Pépe, at Kulŕs at sina Pédro, Húlyo, at Andrčs. The -groups that went upstream and downstream were, respectively, Mariano, -Pepe, and Nicolás and Pedro, Julio, and Andrčs. Ang tatlo ng manňk na -ytň y magkakasamahŕ ng inihatid díto, ang ibŕ y magkakabukňd. These -three chickens were brought here together, the others each by itself. - -428. kŕ- (1) -an, k-in-ŕ- (1) -an. Local passives with kŕ- denote the -place where someone or something happens to be. Hwag kŕ ng kumibň` -sa iyň ng kinŕdňroonŕn. Don't stir from the spot (where you happen -to be). Sa alě ng bandŕ ang kinŕdňroonŕn nang báya-ng-Kamálig?--Sa -bandŕ ng kaliwŕ`. In which direction is the town of Camalig?--Toward -the left. Ang báya-ng-Balíwag ay ang kinŕmahalŕ ng úna ng úna nang -pálay. The town of Baliuag was the first place where rice got dear. Ang -kŕpŕpatayŕn sa táo ng iyŕn ay ang bigtíhan. This man will end on the -gallows. Ang báya-ng-Balíwag ang iyu ng kŕtůtungúhan pag tinuntůn mo -ang landŕs na iyŕn. You will get to the town of Baliuag if you follow -that path. - -Similarly from: bíngit, búrol, kulňng, lagŕy, tágo`, tayň`, tirŕ, upň`. - -Divergent in meaning are kinŕbukásan (§ 260) and, from a phrase, -kinŕháti-ng-gabihŕn (§ 260, háti ng gabě). - -429. pag-kŕ- (1) -an, p-in-ag-kŕ- (1) -an. Local passives of this -type with pag- reduplicate the kŕ-; they refer to other local passive -relations than place in which; so: pagkŕkilanlŕn be the occasion of -showing something; pagkŕsyahŕn be the container of something that -fits in; pagkŕsunduwŕn, pagkŕsunduŕn be agreed upon. - -430. Special static words with kŕ- and -an are few and differ in -meaning. - -(a) Ang kŕgalítan nila Andrčs, Hwŕn, at Mariyáno ay napáwě na. The -quarrel between Andrés, Juan, and Mariano has been appeased; this -is no doubt merely a plural with S -an (§ 377,a) from the underlying -word kagalět (§ 398,c). - -It forms the underlying word of a simple active with mag- and abstract -with pag- r: ang pagkakŕgalítan a quarrel (of two or more people). - -(b) Si Pédro ay kŕibígan ni Maryŕ. Pedro is liked by Maria. Sina -Pédro, Kulŕs, at Hwŕn ay sya ng manga kŕibígan ni Mariyáno. Pedro, -Nicolŕs, and Juan are the ones whom Mariano likes. This is probably -a real special static word corresponding to the transient with kŕ- -(1) -an (§ 428). - -Derived active with mag-: Nagkŕkŕibígan si Pédro at si Hwána. Pedro -and Juana are in love with each other, have come to like each other. - -(c) Ang kŕtwáan ay náhintň` sa pagdatěng nang isa ng magnanákaw. The -rejoicing was stopped by the coming of a robber. This is, in form -at least, a plural with S -an from an underlying -katuwŕ`, which is -not known. - -Derived active with mag-: magkŕtwáan rejoice together, be merry -together. - -The same form is seen in kŕlingkíngan; little finger, fifth finger; -if this is from a root -lingkěng. - -431. ka- (1) D -an. With doubling of the root and radical accent shift: -Kŕunŕ-unáha ng dumatěng si Hwŕn. Juan got there the very first. So: -kŕhulě-hulíhan the very last. - - - -(3) Additional transients, abstracts, and special static forms. - -432. The prefix ka- in its involuntary meaning and the prefix kŕ- in -its accidental meaning appear in an additional set of transients and -abstracts with maka-, makŕ- prefixed for the active, ma-, mŕ- for the -passives, and pagka-, pagkŕ- for the abstract. The meanings of these -forms are most varied; especially in the direct passive, where the -involuntary or accidental character of the actor sometimes reaches -the point where an actor is entirely left out of view or lacking, -and the passive borders closely on active meaning. For this reason -it will be convenient to divide the uses into a number of somewhat -arbitrarily defined groups. The forms are as follows: - -433. The active forms with ka- are: maka-, maka- R, naka-, naka- R; -abstract pagka-. - -The active expresses an inanimate object or circumstance causing an -emotion or feeling; the meaning, then, is the same as in the forms -with i-ka- (§ 413), except that here the thing causing the emotion is -viewed as an actor. Nakabůbúlag ang ílaw. The light is blinding. Ang -gamňt na itň ang nakaginháwa sa máy sakět. This medicine is what -relieved the patient. Itň y makapŕpáwě nang gútom (úhaw, ginŕw, -ínit, págod). This will relieve the hunger (thirst, cold feeling, -hot feeling, fatigue). Ang áwit nang manga íbon ay nakatútuwŕ`. The -song of the birds is gladdening. Similarly from: bigŕt, bingě, búti, -lasěng, ligáya, síra`, tákot. - -434. The active expresses, further, an inanimate object which has got -(in the past) into such and such a condition or position. - -Ang bangkŕ` ay nakaáyon sa ágos. The canoe is righted with the -stream. Ang pagkáin ay nakahandá nŕ. Dinner is served. Nakasábit sa -páko` ang áki ng amerikána. My coat is hanging on the nail. Nakasigŕng -ang palayůk nang sináing. The rice-pot is on the fire. Hindí -ko běbilhěn ang kabáyo ng iyňn, káhit na makasísiya ang áki ng -kwaltŕ. I would not buy this horse, even if my money should be -sufficient. Similarly: daŕn, lawět, táli`, túlong. - -435. Very similar is the use of the active to describe an animate -actor in such and such a position (into which he has got): Nakadapŕ` -ang manga táo sa kanila ng báhay hábang lumílindňl. The people lay -prone in their houses during the earthquake. Si Pédro ay nakaháwak -sa taburéte nang sya y retratúhan. Pedro had hold of a chair when -he was photographed. Nakasakŕy ang báta ng si Hwŕn sa áso nang -sya y mŕkíta ko sa bakúran. Little Juan was mounted (i. e. riding) -on the dog when I saw him in the yard. Nakatayó si Pédro nang ákin -sya ng mŕkíta. Pedro was standing up when I saw him. Nakaupó sya sa -bangkň`. He was seated on the bench. So from: abŕng, hiléra, íkid, -kápit, luhňd, pangŕw, talungkň`, tinděg. - -436. The active may denote an animate actor who is able, succeeds -in doing so and so; the involuntary element inheres in the matter of -ability, which is not dependent on the actor's will: Sa gana ng ákin -sya y makaáalěs. So far as I am concerned, he may go. Sa tigŕs nang -kanya ng loňb ay walŕ ng makabále`. There is no one (or, under the type -in § 433, nothing) can break the firmness of his will. Nakagágawŕ` ang -alílŕ nang páyong. The servant is able to make umbrellas. Nakagupět -sya nang makapŕl na damět. He succeeded in cutting thick cloth. Si -Pédro ay hindí makaháwak nang palakňl, sapagkŕt masakět ang kanya ng -kamŕy. Pedro cannot hold an ax, because his hand is sore. Naŕári ng -sya y makahigŕ`. He may lie down. Hindí ako makahingí nang kwaltŕ kay -Hwŕn. I cannot (bring myself to) ask Juan for money. Nakahúlog sya nang -isa ng nyňg sa kanya ng pagpukňl sa kumpňl. He succeeded in bringing -down a cocoanut, in his throwing at the cluster. Ang báta` ay hindí -makakáin, sapagkŕt kumáin sya nang marámi ng kakaněn. The child can't -eat because he has eaten so many sweets. Si Pédro ay hindí nakapůpútol -nang káhoy, sapagkŕt bágu ng gáling sya sa sakět. Pedro cannot cut any -wood, for he has just recovered from sickness. Sa tantyŕ raw nyŕ ay -makapůpútol na sya nang káhoy, sapagkŕt sya y malakas nŕ. He reckons -he will be able to cut wood, for he is strong again. Nakasásakay -syŕ sa kabáyo. He is able to mount the horse. Ang báta y nakasůsúlat -nŕ. The child is already able to write. Hindí ako makasúlat. I can't -write. Ang máy sakit ay nakatátayú nŕ. The patient is already able -to stand up. Hindí ako nakatípon nang manga dáhon, sapagkŕt walá ako -ng kalaykŕy. I was not able to pile up the leaves, because I had no -rake. Ang húle ng isdá ni Hwŕn ay nakawalŕ`. The fish Juan caught got -away. Similarly from: akiyŕt, balěk, báyad, dalŕ, datěng, kílos, kúha, -lákad, pások, sagňt, sigŕw, suwŕy, tahňl, takbň, tirŕ, úbos, úsap. - -Abstracts: Ang mákina ay syŕ ng dahilŕn nang pagkagawá ni Pédro -nang páyong. The machine is the cause of Pedro's ability to make -umbrellas. Ang pagkasakáy nyŕ sa kabáyo ng bara-barŕ ay hindí dahilŕn -sa kanya ng tápang, dátapuwat dahilŕn sa marámi ng iba ng táo ng -nagsipígil sa kabáyo. His ability to get on the wild horse was not -due to his courage, but to the many other people who controlled the -horse. Ang kanya ng pagkatípon sa manga kalabŕw ay nanyári dáhil sa -marámi ng túlong. His success in rounding up the carabao was due to -much aid. - -437. Closely bordering on the preceding type is the active, -mostly with the particle nŕ, expressing the actor of a completed -action. Nakaalěs na siyŕ. He has already (succeeded in going, -i. e.) gone away. Nakapútul nŕ si Pédro nang káhoy. Pedro has now -finished cutting wood. Si Pédro ay nakapútul nŕ nang káhoy, bágo ko -ng inutúsa ng mangigěb. Pedro had already cut the wood, before I asked -him to fetch water. Similarly from: bútas, datěng, kúha, límot, tápos. - -The abstract lends itself especially to the use as absolute attribute -(§ 274): Pagkagawá nya nang bákod ay naglasěng siyŕ. When he had -finished making the fence, he got drunk. Pagkahárang nang manga -tulisŕn sa koréyo ay nagsitúngo silŕ sa bundňk. When the bandits -had robbed the mail, they took to the hills. Pagkaháte ni Hwŕn nang -manga mansánas ay umalěs sya. When Juan had distributed the apples, -he went away. Pagkahúli nang pulěs sa magnanákaw ay dinala nyŕ itň sa -bělanggúan. When the policeman had caught the thief, he took him to the -jail. Pagkapatŕy nya sa táo ng kanyŕ ng hinárang ay tumakbo syŕ. When -he had killed the man he had held up, he ran away. Pagkapútol ni Hwŕn -nang tahěd nang kátyaw ay nagdudugň` ang paŕ nitň. When Juan had cut -the spur of the rooster, its foot kept bleeding. Pagkasakŕy sa kabáyo -ay naparoňn akň sa hŕlamanŕn at pumitŕs ako nang isa ng pakwŕn úpang -áki ng kánin. When I had had my horseback ride, I went to the garden -and picked a melon to eat. Pagkasakŕy ni Hwŕn sa trčn ay lumákad ito -ng agŕd. When Juan had got on the train, it soon started to move. Ang -pagkasúnog nang báyan ay ikinalungkňt nang marámi. The people grieved -at their town having burned down. Pagkatanŕw nang unggň` sa pagňng -ay nagbalik syŕ sa púno-ng-ságing. When the monkey had looked at the -turtle, he went back to the banana tree. Pagkatáwag nang pagňng sa -unggň` ay sumunňd itň agŕd. When the turtle had called the monkey, -the latter came at once. Pagkatayó nya sa kanya ng ůpúan ay minulŕn -nya agŕd ang pagtatalumpáte`. When he had stood up from his seat he -at once began making his speech. Pagkatípon mo nang manga bayábas ay -umuwí ka. When you have piled up the guavas, go home. Pagkaúna nya -sa takbúhan ay naghintú sya. When he had got ahead in the running, -he stopped. Similarly from: alěs, bendisiyňn, gupět, hápon, ísip, -káin, kúha, lagňk, lúto`, mísa, sábi, sánay, tápos, típon, tupŕd. - -438. The forms of the direct passive are: ma-, ma- R; na-; na- R. - -The direct passive may correspond regularly to the active in § 436, -and denote the object directly affected by an action which an actor -is able to perform. - -Hindí nya mabásag ang bóte. He did not succeed in breaking the -bottle. Sa kalakasŕn ni Páblo ay nadala nyŕ ang kabŕ ng bákal. Pablo, -with his strength, managed to lift the iron chest. Nadalŕ nang báta` -ang káhoy. The boy managed to carry the wood. Hindí madalŕ ni Pédro ang -kahňn sa kabigatŕn. Pedro cannot lift the box; it is too heavy. Hindí -ku magámit ang páyong na itň. I can't use this umbrella. Hindí nakáin -nang báta` ang matigŕs na tinápay na iyŕn. The child was not able -to eat that hard bread of yours. Nakáya ko ng buhátin ang isŕ ng -maliět na púno-ng-káhoy. I managed to lift one small tree. Nakŕkáya -ko ang pagaáral nang Ingglčs. I manage to get along with the study of -English. Nakáyas ni Pédro ang báo. Pedro managed to smooth the cocoanut -shell. Nalákad námin ang lahŕt nang daŕn. We managed to walk the whole -way. Nalělípon nang manga langgŕm ang kanila ng pagkáin. The ants -succeed in amassing their food. Hindí ko mapatŕy ang báta ng itň. I -cannot (get myself to) kill this child. Hindí ko mapútol nang kamŕy ang -bákal na itň. I can't break this iron with my hand. Mapůpútol daw nyŕ -ng wala ng túlong ang lahŕt nang kawáya ng magúlang. He says he will -be able to cut all the old bamboo without any help. Hindí nya masíra` -ang kandáro nang pintň`, káhit na iniyúbus nya ang kanya ng lakŕs. He -did not succeed in breaking the lock of the door, although he used up -all his strength. Natátalastŕs mo bŕ ang sinŕsábi ko sa iyň? Do you -understand what I am saying to you? Similarly: ágaw, akiyŕt, alaála, -ampŕt, gawŕ`, hángo`, híla. - -439. Similarly, the direct passive may correspond regularly to the -active of the type in § 437 and denote an object directly affected -by an action which has been (successfully) completed by an actor. - -Naáso ko nŕ sa boo ng báyan ang báta`. I have hunted and called the -child all over town. Nabálot ko nŕ ang manga librň. I have already -wrapped up the books. Nabása ku nŕ ang diyáriyo. I have finished -reading the paper. Nahampŕs ko nŕ ang báta`. I have already whipped -the child. Nahánap na nyŕ ang librň. He has already looked for the -book. Napatŕy ku nŕ ang manňk. I have already killed the chicken. Kapag -napůpútol na nyŕ ang púno-ng-káhoy ay saká mo hatákin ang lúbid na -nakatáli sa sangŕ nitň. When he is getting the tree cut, then do you -pull at the rope that is tied to the branch. Natipěd nya ang pagkáin -nang kánin. He has been saving of the rice. Natípon ko nŕ ang manga -dáhon. I have already heaped up the leaves. Natísod ku nŕ ang bakyŕ`. I -have kicked off the sandal. Naúnat ku nŕ ang baluktňt na káwad na -ibinigŕy mu sa ákin. I have straightened the bent wire you gave -me. Nausísŕ ku nŕ si Hwŕn. I have already questioned Juan. Similarly -from: ágaw, gawŕ`, ípon, íwan, líbot, sákop, siyásat. - -440. We come now to direct passives which do not correspond regularly -to any active; these have their own abstracts with pagka-. - -The commonest type expresses an object which undergoes or has -undergone a process due to an inanimate actor or to no actor -in particular; it differs from the simple direct passive in the -involuntary and often perfectic nature of the action. Nabále` ang -sangŕ nang káhoy. The branch of the tree is broken. Ang túlis nang -lápis ay nabále`. The point of the pencil is broken. Hwag mň ng -ilagay dyŕn ang palatňn, sapagkŕt baká mabásag. Don't put the plate -there, for it might get broken. Ang kanila ng kŕínan ay nagambála -sa pagdatěng nang manga pulěs. Their dinner-party broke up when the -police arrived. Ang boo ng báyan ay nagulň. The whole town became -riotous. Naháte` ang mansánas. The apple is in halves. Nalagňt ang -lúbid. The rope broke. Ang kanya ng dalíri` ay napáso`. His finger -is blistered. Napatěd ang lúbid. The rope broke. Ang batň ng hasaŕn -ay napiráso. The whetstone went to pieces. Napitas nŕ ang manga -bulaklŕk. The flowers have been picked. Napůpútol ang manga sangŕ -nang káhoy sa lakŕs nang hángin. The branches of the trees are being -broken off by the force of the wind. Napútol nŕ ang káhoy. The tree -has been cut down. Napútol ang dúlo nang káhoy. The end of the log is -cut off. Napútol ang sangŕ nang káhoy. The branch of the tree broke -off. Nasáyang ang trabáho ni Hwŕn. Juan's work went for naught. Ang -búkid ay nasíra`. The field is waste. Similarly, from: ári`, bágo, -buwŕl, dílat, gúmon, hinňg, laglŕg, lamňg, láon, páwi`, punň`, purňl, -súnog, tápos, úbos, utŕs, walŕ`, yári`. - -The abstract is regular: daŕn, hinňg, lagňt, pások, súnog, walŕ`. - -441. The passive is used, further, to denote the animate performer -of an involuntary act, which, then, is looked upon rather as an -undergoing than as a performing. - -This is the clearest where the subject is undergoing an emotion or -sensation: Naáwŕ si Hwŕn sa pulúbe. Juan pitied the beggar. Ang báta -ng si Hwŕn ay nadúdungň. Little Juan is bashful. Naginŕw sya sa kanya -ng pagpalígo`. He got cold while taking his bath. Akú y nagůgútom. I am -hungry; isa ng táo ng nagůgútom a hungry person. Nahŕhápis siyŕ. He is -sad. Nahíhiyá ka bŕ? Are you ashamed? Nahíhiyá sya. He is ashamed. Aků -y nailŕng. I was nonplussed, I didn't know what to do. Akň y naíinip nŕ -nang paghihintŕy kay Hwŕn. I am impatient with waiting for Juan. Sya y -nalímang sa kanya ng pagbílang. He got confused in his reckoning. Sya -nalúlungkňt. He is sorry. Akň y naůúhaw. I am thirsty. So: bagábag, -gálit, libŕng, tákot, tuwŕ`. - -This form is used also of processes of life, especially physiological -and morbid: Nalumpň syŕ. He got lame. Napípe sya. He got dumb. So: -naári` got the ability, nabáo got widowed, nabúhay lived, naíngay was -noisy, nakiněg heard, nalúnod got drowned, namatŕy died, natúlog slept. - -It is used, finally, in nahúlog fell (from a place to the ground), -and, strangely enough, for two voluntary actions which consist of a -relaxing of the muscles: Sya y nahigŕ` He lay down. Sya y nahíhigŕ`. He -was in the act of lying down. Naupó sya sa bangkň`. He sat down on -the bench. Naúupó sya sa taburéte. He was in the act of sitting down -on the stool. - -Further, irregularly, in: Sya y nalígo`. He took a bath. Sya y -nanáog. He came down from the house. See § 488,c. - -Abstracts: Ang pagkaáwŕ ni Hwŕn sa pulúbe Juan's pity for the -beggar. ang pagkabáta` one's childhood. ang pagkabúhay ni Hesůs -the resurrection of Jesus. Ang pagkagúlat ni Hwána ay sya nyŕ ng -ipinagkasakět. Juana's scare was what made her sick. Pagkalúnod -nang Kastíla` ay lumáyas ang manga estudyŕnte. When the Spaniard -had got drowned, the students hurried away. ang kanya ng pagkamatŕy -his death. ang kanya ng pagkasála sa singsěng. his missing the -ring. Pagkaupú nya sa bangkň` ay minulŕn nya ang pagkukwčnto sa manga -báta`. When she had sat down on the bench, she began her story-telling -to the children. So: ári`, hápis, húlog, litň, lóko, pípi, tákot, -tálo, ulňl. - -442. An explicit plural of both active and direct passive is formed -by the infixation of -ang- into the prefix. - -In the active the syllable after this infix often receives a secondary -accent: Nangŕkaupú na silŕ sa pagkáin, nang kamě ay dumatěng. They -had already sat down to their meal when we arrived. So also from: -bitŕw, biyábit. - -With reduplication of the ka- instead of root initial: Nangŕkŕkaupó -silŕ sa pagkáin. They are able to sit up for their meals. - -Direct passive: Ang dinala nyŕ ng manga manňk ay nangamatŕy. The -chickens he brought all died. Nangapútol ang tubň sa lakŕs -nang bagyň. The sugar-cane broke under the strength of the -typhoon. Nangapůpútol ang karamíhan nang tubň nang kasalukúyan ang -bagyň. During the typhoon most of the sugar-cane got broken. So from: -bulňk, íwan, lúnod, lungkňt, tákot, tuwŕ`. - -443. From a compound word, passive: nasawi-ng-pálad (sawě ng pálad). - -From a derived word, active: makataanŕn (taanŕn, § 378). - -444. Accent shift is due to the root. Si Pédro ay nakaayŕw nŕ. Pedro -has left the table. So from ábot, sákit. - -Passive: Naabut nyŕ ang ilawŕn. He managed to reach the lamp. Hindí -nya maabůt ang itlňg. He can't reach the egg. Ang báta ng si Hwŕn ay -nabábahŕy. Little Juan is shy. - -Abstract: Pagkaabňt nang bátŕ nang kanyŕ ng laruwŕn ay tumakbň sya -ng agŕd. After reaching for his toys, the boy at once ran. - -445. With pag- before the root, this active is made from roots whose -primary active has mag-. The reduplication affects either the ka-, -or the pag-, or the root initial: makŕ-ka-pag- or maka-pŕ-pag- or -maka-pag- R. - -Ang báta` ay nakapagdalŕ nang káhoy. The boy managed to bring the -wood. Ang báta` ay nakapagdádalŕ (or: nakŕkapagdalŕ, or: nakapŕpagdalŕ) -nang káhoy. The boy is able to bring the wood. Nakŕkapaglasěng -si Ánong, káhit na sya y hindí binŕbayáan nang kanya ng asáwa na -makapagpabilč nang álak. Anong manages to get drunk, even though his -wife does not allow him to have liquor purchased for him. Nakapagpútol -na si Hwŕn nang káhoy. Juan has finished cutting wood. Nakapagpůpútol -nŕ si Hwŕn nang káhoy. Juan is already able to cut wood. Hindí -makapagpútol nang káhoy si Hwŕn, dahilŕn sa súgat nya sa kamŕy. Juan -cannot cut wood, on account of the wound on his hand. - -Similarly: antňk, áral, bíhis, ligtŕs, mísa, nákaw, pasiyŕl, sábi, -salitŕ`, tágo`, takŕ. - -446. Direct passive: ma-pag-; ma-pag- R or ma-pŕ-pag-. Hindí ko -mapagáyos ang manga damět na itň. I can't straighten out these -clothes. Mapŕpagáyos nya ang manga lipŕs sa úso ng damět na itň. She -will be able to fix these out-of-date clothes. Hindí ko mapagkúro` -kung anň ang íbig nya ng sabíhin. I couldn't make out what he wanted -to say. Nang mapagkúrň ni Hwŕn kung anň ang mangyŕyári, ay hindí nya -itinúloy ang kanya ng bálak. When Juan saw what was going to happen, -he did not carry out his plan. Hindí ko mapagkúro ang kahulugŕn nang -súlat na itň. I can't get at the meaning of this letter. Napagtalastŕs -ko ang manga sinŕsábi mo sa iyo ng súlat. I understand all you say -in your letter. Napagtátalastŕs (or: napŕpagtalastŕs) kň ang íbig mo -ng sabíhin. I understand what you mean. - -447. maka-pag- (1), cf. § 353. Nang nakapaghanap syŕ ay umuwé sya sa -kanya ng báhay. When he had finished searching, he went home. Kung -makapaghanap syŕ ay úuwé sya. When he has finished searching, he will -go home. - -448. maka-pang-, corresponding to mang-, § 357. Nakŕkapanghirŕm -kamě nang kwaltŕ kay Áli ng Kulása. We can borrow money from -Aunt Nicolasa. Makŕkapanghirŕm ka ng wala ng sála kay Hwŕn nang -isa ng sombréro. You will surely be able to borrow a hat from -Juan. Nakapangŕngabáyo sya ng patayň`, sapagkŕt hindí gulatěn ang -kanya ng kabáyo. He is able to ride standing up, because his horse -is not given to shying. - -Abstract: pagkapangáko` (áko`). - -(a) The root is reduplicated for plurality: Ang pagkapanghahárang -nila Hwán ay hindí nila sána magawŕ`, kung hindí sa karamíhan nang -táo nila na máy barěl. The highway robberies by Juan and his gang -could not have been perpetrated by them, if it had not been for the -number of them that had guns. - -(b) From a derived word: makapangináin (kináin, §§ 365, 357,a). - -449. ma- D; expressive of slow activity: Hindí sya mamatŕy-matŕy. He -is lingering on the death-bed. Ang pŕgakpákan nang manga táo ay hindí -matápus-tápus. The applause of the people could find no end. - -450. In the instrumental passive, which seems to occur only with pag- -and pang-, the i- follows the ma-: Ang pagkŕtáwag nang kúra sa manga -pulěs ay hindí nya ikinabúte, sapagkŕt silŕ y kŕkauntí lámang úpang -maipagtanggňl sya sa manga magnanákaw. The priest's having called in -the police did him no good, for they were too few to defend him from -the thieves. - -With pang-: naipangánganŕk (anŕk, cf. § 357). - -451. The local passive has the prefix ma- and the suffix (1) -an. - -Namatayŕn sina Hwŕn. Someone has died in Juan's family. Namatayŕn -sa báhay ni Hwŕn. There has been a death in Juan's house. Naputúlan -si Hwŕn nang dalíre` sa pagpapalákad nang mákina. Juan got a finger -cut off in running the machine. Napůputúlan nang médiko ang manga táo -nang kanila ng kamŕy o paŕ kung kayilángan. When necessary, people get -their hands or feet cut off by a doctor. Mapůputúlan ka nang dalírě`, -pag hindí ka nagíngat sa iyo ng pagtatrabáho sa mákina ng iyŕn. You -will get your finger cut off, if you aren't careful about the way you -work that machine. Nasakyŕn ko nŕ ang kabáyo ng bara-barŕ. I have -succeeded in mounting the wild horse. Naskyŕn ko nŕ ang bangka ng -itň. I have already been in this canoe. Nawalŕn nang málay ang babáye -sa kanyŕ ng paghihimatŕy. The woman lost consciousness in her swoon. - -Similarly: báli`, bukŕs, halěk, hírap, láon, límot, luwŕt, patěd, -pílit, sákit, síra`, siyŕ, súbok, súgat, sunggŕb, tagŕl, tandŕ`, úbos. - -(a) bitěw lacks accent shift: mabitíwan, cf. § 374,b. - -452. Local passive with explicative pag-: Hindí námin mapaglagarían -nang káhoy ang kabáyo ng káhoy na ginawá mo. We cannot saw wood on the -saw-buck you have made. Napagputúlan námin nang kawáyan ang bágo ng -gawá mo ng kabáyo ng káhoy. We were able to cut bamboo on the sawbuck -you have just made. - -453. Special static words resembling the active; the following occur: -Si Bantůg ay isa ng táo ng makabáyan. Bantog is a patriotic man. damň -ng makahyŕ` the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica. - -Of irregular use are makalawŕ (§ 262,8), and makatuwěd (tuwěd). - -(a) From a word of this kind an active with mag- is derived in: -nagmŕmakaáwa` provoking pity (as though from makaáwa`). - -(b) The abstract is like a special static word in: Ang bigŕs ay sya ng -pinakamahalagŕ ng pagkabúhay nang táo sa Filipínas. Rice is the most -important staple food in the Philippines. Cf. also pagkaráka, § 265,9. - -454. ma- forms special static words denoting that which by nature or -circumstance possesses such and such, usually a quality. Maalikabok -nŕ ang mésa. The table is dusty already. Maásim ang súka ng itň. This -wine is sour. ang púno-ng-káhoy na mabába` a low tree; isa ng mabába ng -táo a humble person. Ang labŕng ay mabábaw. The trough of the manger is -shallow. Madálang ang manga lindňl díto. Earthquakes are rare here. Sya -y isa ng ginoň ng magálang. He is a polite gentleman. Maginháwa ang -umupó sa sělya ng itň. This chair is comfortable to sit in. Si Maryŕ -ay isa ng babáye ng mapúri. Maria is a decent woman. Maluwŕng ang -báro ng itň. This blouse is too loose. mataměs sweet, ang mataměs -sugar. Matipěd na báta` si Hwŕn. Juan is a saving child. - -The plural is made with ma- r: Ang manga táo sa báyan ay mahuhúsay -sumunňd sa kautusŕn. The people of the town are all good law-abiders. - -These forms are made from so many roots that the Index will be as -convenient as a list. - -Derivatives: §§ 352,c. 353,a.b. 370. 499,a. 500,b. - -(a) Note masiyádo excessive, extreme, as though from a root -siyádo -(and so listed), still felt by Mr. Santiago to be from Spanish -demasiado. - -(b) Accent shift due to the root in masakět. - -(c) From derived words: Ang pagtayú sa bubungŕn ay mapangánib. It is -dangerous to stand on the roof. So from kasalánan (§ 423), kabuluhŕn -(§ 422). - -455. ma-pag- someone given to doing so and so: Ang inŕ ni Pédro ay -mapagbigŕy sa kanya ng manga kaululŕn. Pedro's mother always gives in -to his foolishness. Sya y mapagtipěd. He is very economical. So from: -gawŕ`, kumpisŕl, simbŕ, siyásat, usísa`. - -(a) From a phrase, probably: Ang táo ng si Hwŕn ay -mapagpáku-m-babŕ`. That man Juan is overmodest (páko ng babŕ` -low peg?). - -(b) With accent shift: Mapaghuně ang manga kabáyo ng itň, kanya -hindí dápat dalhěn sa labanŕn. These horses are given to neighing -and therefore should not be taken to war. So also: mapagawŕy. - -456. In the same sense, but transitive in value, ma-pang-: mapanggúlat -given to surprising or frightening people, mapanghágis given to -flinging things; Ang táo ng si Hwŕn ay mapanghirŕm. The fellow Juan is -a great borrower. mapanghiyŕ` given to embarrassing people. mapamukňl -given to throwing things. So from: hilěng, matŕ. - -457. In similar meanings, with suffix -in: - -(a) ma- S -in: So magustúhin, masůnúrin. - -(b) ma- (2) -in: Ang manga táo y hindí maibigěn sa pagkakŕsála. People -are not fond of sinning. - -(c) ma- r (2) -in: matatawaněn easily made to laugh; Sya y -matutulugěn. He is a sleepy-head. So also: magugulatěn. - -458. The transients with kŕ- refer to accidental actions. The active -has the forms: makŕ-, makŕ- R, nakŕ-, nakŕ- R, but the reduplication -sometimes affects the kŕ- instead of the root initial. The abstract -has pagkŕ-. The meanings are various, much like those of maka-. - -459. The active sometimes expresses an inanimate object as the agent -of an accidental action: Ang guntěng nang manggagamňt ay nakágupit -nang isa ng ugŕt na malakč, kanyŕ` namatŕy ang kanya ng ginágamňt. The -physician's scissors accidentally cut a large artery, in consequence -of which his patient died. Similarly, from gísing, háwa. - -460. More frequent is a rational actor of an accidental action; as such -is viewed any action the exact form of which is out of the actor's -control. Si Pédro ay nakŕháwak nang káwad na mŕy elektrisidŕd. Pedro -got hold of a charged wire. Hindí nya kilalŕ ang manga kwayanŕ ng -iyňn, kaniyŕ nakŕpútol sya nang sa iba ng táwo ng kawáyan. As he -did not know those bamboo-groves, he inadvertently cut some bamboo -that belonged to other people. Sundan mň silŕ sa kawayanŕn, sapagkŕt -baká sila nakŕpůpútol nang kawáya ng hindí nasŕsákop nang áti ng -lúpa`. Follow them to the bamboo-grove, for they may be cutting some -bamboo that is not included in our land. Hwŕn, usisáin mo ng mabúti -ang hanggáhan nang kawayanŕn, bágo ka tumagá nang kawáyan, sapagkŕt -baká ka makŕpútol nang kawáya ng hindí átin. Juan, find out exactly -the borders of the bamboo-grove before you cut any bamboo, for else -you might cut some bamboo that is not ours. Pího ng makŕpůpútol -silŕ nang kawáya ng hindí sakňp nang lúpa`, kapag hindí mo sila -pinakialamŕn, sapagkŕt ang hanggáhan nang lúpa ng iyňn ay lubhŕ ng -balú-baluktňt. They will surely cut some bamboo not included in the -piece of ground, if you don't look after them, for the boundary of -the land is very irregular. Nakŕtísod akň nang isa ng áhas. I hit a -snake with my foot. Nakŕtúlog si Hwŕn sa báhay na gibŕ-gibŕ`. Juan -hit upon a broken-down house as a place to sleep in, was constrained -by circumstances to sleep in a broken-down house. Nakŕusísŕ sya nang -nawalŕ ng kwaltŕ. It came to her mind to inquire about the lost -money. Nakŕusísŕ sya nang isa ng táo ng nakŕŕalŕm nang líhim. He -happened to ask a man who knew the secret. Similarly: bilě, daŕn, -inňm, káin, súlat, tagpň`. - -Abstract: In the abstract the element of accident often takes the form -of expressing the way something turned out. Limŕng ang pagkŕbílang -nya sa manga itlňg na itň. His count of these eggs has turned out -wrong. Ang pagkágawá ni Hwána sa páyong ay masamŕ`. The umbrella Juana -made turned out poorly. Ang pagkágupět sa úlo nang báta` ay hindí -pantŕy-pantŕy. The boy's hair-cut isn't (hasn't turned out) even. Ang -pagkŕháti nang mansánas ay hindí parého. The halving of the apple is -not exact. Ang pagkŕísip nya sa bugtňng ay hindi táma`. His guess -at the riddle is not correct. Ang pagkálagok nyŕ sa itlňg ay kanya -ng pinagsisíhan. He repented his having (in a moment of weakness) -swallowed the egg. Ang pagkŕpások ni Hwŕn nang tapňn sa bóte ay -malálim. Juan got the cork too deep into the bottle. Ang pagkápatay -sa magnanákaw ay hindí sinadyŕ`. The killing of the thief was not -done on purpose. Ang pagkápatay sa manňk ay masamŕ`. This chicken has -not been slaughtered in the proper manner. Ang pagkŕpútol nang pálong -nang kátiyaw ay hindí sagŕd. The cock's comb is not cut off clean. Ang -pagkátahul nang áso ay sya ng inilalá nang sakět nya sa lalamúnan. The -dog's barking made the pain in its throat worse. Ang pagkátanaw kň sa -púno-ng-káhoy ay itň y may madidilŕw na dáhon. The way I looked at that -tree made it seem as if it had yellow leaves. Ang kanya ng pagkátayň` -(or: pagkátinděg) ay dahilŕn sa kanya ng pagkŕgúlat. He jumped to his -feet because of his surprise. Ang pagkŕtípon nang manga dáho ng itň -ay hindí mabúte. These leaves have not been well heaped up. So from: -bendisiyňn, bitbět, hampŕs, higŕ`, pálo`, tágo`, tirŕ, upň`. - -461. The active may denote a rational actor successful, thanks to outer -circumstances, in such and such an action. Nakáhampas ang báta ng si -Hwŕn nang isa ng tutubč. Little Juan succeeded in hitting a dragon-fly -with his whip. Nakŕháte si Hwŕn nang manga mansánas. Juan got a chance -to divide up the apples. Nakŕkŕkapá sya nang isa ng palakŕ`. He has -got hold of a frog (as, in grasping for frogs in mud-holes). Nakŕpána -akň nang usŕ. I hit a deer with an arrow. Nakŕtípun nŕ akň nang -manga dáhon, nang pumarňn si Tátay. By the time Father got there, -I had already had time to get some leaves heaped up. So also: ágaw, -hingě`, sáli. - -Abstract: Ang pagkŕbúhay nang médiko sa kay Hwŕn ay isŕ ng malakě ng -ikinatwá nang kanya ng kababáyan. The doctor's saving of Juan's life -was a cause of great gladness to his fellow-townsmen. Ang pagkŕtáwag -nyŕ sa médiko ng nagligtŕs nang búhay nang kanya ng anŕk ay dahilŕn -sa pagkŕgámit nya nang teléfono. His chance of calling the doctor who -saved his child's life was due to the use he was enabled to make of the -telephone. Ang nagěng pagkágupit nyŕ sa makapŕl na damět ay nangyáre -dahilŕn sa paggámit nya nang guntěng nang láta. The fact that he was -able to cut the thick cloth was due to his using the tin-shears. Ang -pagkáhampas nyŕ sa manga bátŕ` ay dahilŕn sa kahabáan nang kanya -ng pamálo`. He can hit the children because of the length of his -stick. Ang pagkŕhárang kina Hwŕn ay sya nilŕ ng ikinawalá nang kanila -ng salapč`. Juan and his party's having been held up was what deprived -them of their money. Ang pagkŕháti nya sa tubů ay hindí mangyŕyáre -kung gumámit sya nang mapurůl na gúlok. He would not have been able -to slice the sugar-cane down its length (as a game or trick), if he -had used a dull bolo. Pagkŕísip nya kung anň ang dápat nya ng gawěn -sa magnanákaw na nŕhúli nya, ay ginawá nya iyňn agŕd. When he had at -last hit upon the idea of what to do with the thief he had caught, -he immediately carried it out. Nanghináyang ang boo ng báyan sa -pagkápatay kay Risŕl nang manga Kastíla`. The whole country mourned -over the killing of Rizal by the Spaniards. Ang ámi ng pagkásakay sa -bangkŕ` ay syŕ ng nagligtŕs sa ámi ng búhay. Our having been able -to get into the canoe is what saved our lives. Ang pagkŕsúnog nang -manga magnanákaw sa báyan ay pinarusáhan nang gubyčrno. The thieves' -burning the town was punished by the government. Ang pagkátayo nang -isa ng báhay-pŕmahaláa ng batň ay dahilŕn sa pagpapaalaála ni Hwŕn -nang pangánib sa súnog. The fact that a stone government-building -came after all to be built, was due to Juan's calling attention to -the danger from fire. Anu ng pagkátipid ni Hwŕn! How saving Juan has -been! So from: sábi, táwag. - -462. The active is used of certain acts of sensation whose -occurrence is out of the control of the subject: ang nakŕkěkilála, -ang nakŕkŕkilála one who has got knowledge of a person or thing, -has come to know his habits, recognizes his nature. Ang pagkŕgúlat -ni Hwána ay syŕ ng ikinátawŕ nang marámi ng nakŕkŕkíta. Juana's -astonishment amused many who saw it. With kilála compare nakáramdŕm -felt; with kíta, nakŕmálay, nakátanŕw, and nakáriněg heard. - -Abstract: Malínaw ang pagkŕkíta ko sa nangyáre. I had a clear view -of what took place. So: diněg, masěd, tanŕw. - -463. The direct passive has the forms mŕ-, mŕ- R, nŕ-, nŕ- R. - -It may correspond regularly to the active type in § 460, and denote -an object undergoing an accidental action of a rational actor. - -Nŕáso ko sa boo ng báyan ang báta`, káhit na hindí ko gustň. I -was forced to go shouting after the child all over town, though I -didn't like to do it. Hindí mu ba nŕbása sa diyáriyo ang tungkůl -sa súnog? Haven't you come across the details of the fire in -the paper? Baká mo mŕbásag, Hwána, iyŕ ng pinaglŕlaruwan mň ng -kandeléro. See that you don't break that candlestick you're playing -with, Juana. Nádala nyŕ nang hindí sinásadyŕ` sa kanya ng pagalěs -ang áki ng páyong. When he went away he inadvertently carried off -my umbrella. Nŕgambála ku ang pagaáral ni Hwŕn dahilŕn sa áki ng -pagdatěng na walá sa óras. I disturbed Juan in his studying by my -untimely arrival. Nŕgámit ni Hwŕn ang áki ng, sombréro dahilŕn sa -kanyŕ ng pagmamadalí nang pagalěs. Juan used my hat in the haste of -his departure. Nŕgísing nya sa kanya ng pagiingŕy ang manga báta`. What -with his racket he woke up the children. Náhampŕs nang hindí sinásadyá -ni Pédro ang bábuy nang kanya ng kápit-báhay. Pedro inadvertently hit -his neighbor's hog with his whip. Nŕíwan din nyŕ sa ákin ang kanyŕ -ng anŕk, káhit na itň y áyaw nya ng gawěn. She was also forced to -leave her child with me, although she disliked to do this. Nápatŕy -ko nang barěl-barílan ang manňk. I accidentally killed the chicken -with my toy-gun. Kánin mo ang milňn, kung iyu ng gustň, o kayŕ` ang -ságing, kung sya mo itň ng nŕpěpíle`.--Nŕpěpíli ko ang milňn. Eat the -banana, if you like, or the melon, if you prefer it.--I prefer the -melon. Nápitas nyŕ ang bulaklŕk nang hindí sinásadyŕ`. She picked the -flower without intending to. Nŕpútol ko nang hindí sinásadyŕ` ang lúbid -na itň. I chanced, without intending it, to cut this string. Baká mo -mŕsíra`, Hwŕn, ang patágo sa iyů ng kwŕlta nang iyu ng kapatěd. See -to it, Juan, that you don't do away with your brother's money that -is entrusted to you. Nŕusísŕ ni Hwána ang inumět na singsěng nang -kanyŕ ng kapatěd. Juana happened to inquire for the ring her sister -had filched. So from: angkěn, búlag, bútas, hábol, patŕy, púlot. - -464. The direct passive may correspond regularly to the active -described in § 461, and denote an object undergoing an action which a -rational actor was enabled to perform by virtue of outer circumstances. - -Ang úlo ni Hwŕn ay nŕběbílog nang kanya ng kalarň`. Juan's playmates -are succeeding in making a fool of him (literally: in rounding his -head). Nágupit nyŕ ang makapŕl na damět. It turned out that he was -able to cut the thick cloth. Hindí ku mŕípon ang manga karáyum na -nangŕsábug sa lúpa`. I did not succeed in gathering up all the needles -that were scattered over the floor. Hindí ko mápatay ang púsa ng -itň. I cannot kill this cat (i.e. its life is tough, it gets away, -etc.) Kapag nŕpútol mo ang bákal na iyŕn, ikŕw ay makawáwalŕ`. If -you can get a chance to cut through that iron, you can make your -escape. Nŕpútol nya ang káhoy. He got the wood cut all right. Hindí nya -mŕpútol ang lečg nang manňk. He couldn't get the chicken's neck cut -through. Mŕpůpútol na raw nyŕ ang púno nang káhoy na nabwŕl. He says -he will be in a position to cut through the tree that has fallen. ang -kanyŕ ng násingěl the money he was able to collect. Similarly, from: -bálot, gawŕ`, húli, kúha, kúlam, nákaw, pitŕs, sábi, taŕs, táwag. - -465. Similarly, the direct passive is regularly used to correspond -to the active in § 462, of objects of sensation. Nŕkilála ko si Hwŕn -doňn sa sŕwáyan. I got acquainted with Juan at that dance. So from: -alaála, diněg, inň, kíta, málas, pansěn. - -466. Other uses of the direct passive do not regularly correspond to -any active, cf. § 440 f.; these have their own abstract with pagkŕ-. - -The direct passive is used to denote an object which has accidentally -got into such and such a condition; the actor is either indifferent -or entirely lacking. There seems to be no abstract principle clearly -separating this form from the passive with na- described in § 440; -where position of the object is involved, the accidental form is -preferred. - -Nŕbúte ang kanyŕ ng pagkatákot. His fear reached a high point. Ang -kanya ng bangkŕ y patúngo sa bandŕ ng kalunúran, dátapuwat pagkaraŕn -nang ilŕ ng sandalě` ay náiba ang kanya ng bandáhin. His canoe was -headed toward the west, but after a while his direction changed. Ang -ěnumínan nang báhay ay dápat málagay sa lugŕr na malílim. The shelf -for drinking-water of a house should be in a shady place. Násakay -sa trčn ang ipinahatěd mo ng manga dalanghíta`. The tangerines you -sent have been shipped. Nŕtúlin ang pagpapadulŕs nang báta ng si Hwŕn -sa pútek. Juan's sliding on the mud got faster and faster (in spite -of him). - -Similarly from: bágay, balíta`, baňn, dápat, doňn, hintň`, húsay, -kápit, lapŕg, látag, ligtŕs, liguwŕk, lípat, lubňg, lúlan, mána, -nákaw, pagítan, páko`, patŕy, pátung, sábog, taŕn, tábon, tágo`, -talŕ`, taněm, taňn, tayň`, tirŕ, túlos, únat. - -Abstract: Pagkásakay nang manga sáko nang kamóte sa trčn ay lumákad -itň agŕd. As soon as the bags of sweet-potatoes had been put on board -the train, the latter started to move. So from: balíta`, gámit, ibŕ, -látag, liběng, sarŕ. - -466a. This irregular passive is used also of animate, rational -subjects, whose actions, then, are viewed rather as an accidental -undergoing; this type is not clearly definable from that with ma- -in § 441, except where both forms are used in contrast (-higŕ`); -the habit with regard to each root is, however, entirely fixed. - -In some cases the accidental actor is imaginable: Náakyŕt si Pédro -sa itaŕs nang lángit dahilŕn sa ginawá nya ng pagkápit sa pinalipŕd -na lóbo. Pedro got carried up into the air owing to his grip on the -loosed balloon. Nŕhárang sina Hwŕn sa daŕ-ng-Balíwag. Juan and his -company chanced to get held up on the Baliuag road. Hwag kŕ, Hwŕn, -pumásuk sa sekréta, sapagkŕt baká ka máhigŕ` sa ihawŕn, kung ikŕw -ay mŕhúle. Don't go as a spy, Juan, for you might get laid on the -gridiron, if you got caught. Similarly: banggět, barěl, bilanggň`, -distíno, húli, ligtŕs, píli`, tanggŕp, táwag. - -Processes of life: Sya y nábingě. He got deaf. Nŕbúte si Hwŕn sa kanya -ng pagkatákot. Juan was bettered by his fright. Si Pédro at si Maryŕ -ay mŕkŕkasŕl. Pedro and Maria will get married some day. So: himběng, -lóko, tahímik, tiněk, túto, wíli. - -Abstract: Ang pagkŕgúlat ni Hwána sa maíngay na putňk nang kanyňn ay -sya nyŕ ng ikinabingě. Juana's shock at the loud report of the cannon -was what made her deaf. Malakě ang kanila ng nagěng pagkŕgúlat. Their -astonishment was great. Ang pagkŕsúnog sa manga sundálo sa loňb -nang báhay ay nangyári dáhil sa pagkásara nang manga bintána`. The -fact that the soldiers were burned in the house was due to the -circumstance that the windows had been closed. Ang pagkátiněk sa -lalamúnan nang báta` ay sya nyŕ ng ikinamatŕy. The boy's getting a -fishbone into his throat was what killed him. Pagkátinik nang unggň` -ay sya y nagálit. When the monkey had got a spine into his foot he -got angry. Ang pagkŕwíle ni Hwŕn sa báhay ny Andrčs ay dahilŕn sa -anŕk na dalága nitň. Juan's being spell-bound in Andres' house was -due to the latter's daughter. So: gustň, kasŕl, manghŕ`. - -Movements, especially the resultant position: Sya y nárapŕ`. He fell on -his face. Náriyan kamě sa iyo ng báhay kahápon nang umága, dátapuwat -hindí ka námin dinatnŕn. We were at your house yesterday morning, but -we did not find you there. Náluhod sya sa kanyŕ ng harapŕn. He knelt -down in front of her. Nŕpŕpagítan si Hwŕn sa dalawŕ ng dalága. Juan -chanced to get placed between two young ladies. Sila y nŕůupň`. They -are seated. Similarly from: ákap, alěs, bálot, díne, díto, dulŕs, -doňn, harŕp, kublě, kulňng, lákad, lugmňk, padpŕd, panhěk, sakŕy, -sísid, tabě, tágo`, tayň`, tirŕ, tungtňng. - -Abstract: Ang ikinátahol nang manga áso ay ang pagkádapá ni Hwŕn. What -made the dogs bark was Juan's falling on his face. Pagkásakay ni Hwŕn -sa trčn ay lumákad ito ng agŕd. When Juan was on board the train, -it soon started to move. So also: dulŕs, kublě, lagŕy, panhěk, silěd, -tabě, tayň`. - -467. The passive forms an explicit plural in which -ang- is infixed -into the nŕ-: Tibáyan mo ang manga itátayú mo ng kúbo sa búkid, -sapagkŕt baká iyo y mangágibŕ` kung lumakŕs ang hángin. Prop up the -huts you are going to build in the fields, for otherwise they might -break down when the wind gets stronger. Mangŕgěgibŕ` ang manga báhay na -itň, sapagkŕt hindí táma` ang pagkátayň`. These houses will break down, -because they are not built right. So from: pangŕw, sábog, talungkň`. - -468. An irregular form is nŕndon beside ná-roňn. - -469. Accent shift is due to the root: Ang pagpapatahňl ni Hwŕn sa -kanya ng áso ay nakŕtŕtawŕ. Juan's making his dog bark is a funny -sight. So álam, túloy. - -Passive: Náabut nyŕ sa kanyŕ ng paglulundŕg na may tánga ng pamálo` -ang ilawŕn, kanyŕ` itň y nabásag. In his climbing with the stick in -hand, he accidentally reached the lamp, and so it got broken. Sya y -nábulŕg. He went blind. So: gísing, háyag, húli, lápit, láyo`, túloy. - -Abstract: Ang pagkáhuli nang susň` ay malakč. The snail was left way -behind. Ang pagkáabot nyŕ sa bóte ay hindi magálang. The way he reached -for the bottle was not polite. So: álam, áyaw, gísing, lápit, úna. - -470. From phrases: Ang paánan nang hěgáan ay nŕbŕbandŕ-ng-kataasŕn, -dátapwat dápat mŕbanda-ng-ibabŕ`. The foot of the bed is turned toward -the north, but should be turned to the south (bandŕ ng ibabŕ`, bandŕ -ng kataasŕn). - -From derived words: Passive: Nŕtŕtagílid ang bangkŕ`. The boat has -a list to one side (ta-gílid, § 523). - -(a) Passives from words with prefix ka- (§ 398) are frequent. Ang -búkid ni Hwŕn ay nŕkŕkarátig nang kay Pédro. Juan's field borders -on Pedro's. Nŕkasále nya sa kanya ng paglalarň` ang kanya ng -pínsan. He took his cousin for playmate. Si Maryáno ay nŕkatálo ni -Hwŕn. Mariano was Juan's opponent. Si Narsíso ang lági ng nŕkŕkatálo -ni Pédro sa manga pagtatálo ng idinŕdáos linggo-linggň sa kanila ng -sŕmáhan. Narcisso is always Pedro's opponent in the debates which they -hold every Sunday at their club. Si Lúkas ang mŕkŕkatálo ko. Lucas -will be my opponent. nŕkŕkatúngo the person one happens to be dealing -with. nŕkaúsap be by chance able to be conversed with. - -Underlying word non-existent: Nŕkatúlog si Hwŕn sa panunoňd nang -teátro. Juan fell asleep while watching the play. Umulŕn kagabě at -lumaměg, kaniyŕ` ako nŕkatúlog nang mahimběng. Last night it rained and -got cool; in consequence I fell sound asleep, got a sound sleep. Hindí -ako mŕkatúlog. I couldn't get any sleep. Abstract: ang pagkŕkatúlog. - -(b) Explicit plural of the preceding: Nangŕkŕkatúlog sila ng lahŕt, -nang pumások sa báhay ang magnanákaw. They had all fallen asleep, -when the thief came into the house. Pagpilítan ninyň ng hwag kayň -ng mangŕkatúlog sa inyo ng pagbabantŕy sa manga háyop at iba pŕ ng -árě nang pŕmahalaŕn. See to it that you don't fall asleep when on -guard over the animals and other property of the government. Ngayňn -ay mangŕkŕkatúlog silŕ, dahilŕn sa maláon nila ng pagpupuyŕt -gabi-gabě. Now they will be able to sleep, owing to their staying up -late night after night. - -471. Passive with pag- (cf. § 445): the reduplication affects the -pag-. Hindí ko mŕpagáway ang taměs at ang ásim nang limonáda ng itň. I -cannot produce a balance of sweet and sour in this lemonade. Sa -kalaúnan ay nŕpagkilála ni Hwŕn ang kanya ng kamŕlían. Finally -Juan saw where he was wrong. Hindí nya nŕpagkúro` agŕd kung anň ang -gŕgawin nyŕ. He was not able to decide at once what he was going to -do. Nŕpŕpagkúrů mo bŕ ang lahŕt nang sinábi ko sa iyň kahápon? Are -you able to figure out all I said to you yesterday? Hindí ko mŕpagkúro -kung anň ang íbig nya ng sabíhin. I simply couldn't make out what he -was trying to say. - -(a) Accent shift is due to the root: Áyon sa sábi nang marámi ay -mŕpŕpaghuli na rŕw ang manga magnanákaw. According to what people say, -the thieves will soon be caught. - -472. Passive with pang-: Nŕpanagínip niya ng nŕkíta nya ang kanya ng -amŕ. He dreamt he saw his father. - -473. makŕ- D is used in prohibitions: Hwag kŕ ng makŕláyas-láyas! Don't -ever run away! So from tungtóng. - -(a) with paki-: Hwag kŕ ng makŕpakikáin-káin kung hindí ka -inŕanyáhan. Don't ever take a meal with people unless they invite you. - -474. The instrumental passive is rare: badiyŕ, mŕilabŕs, mŕipások, -mŕitúro`. - -475. Local passive with mŕ-. - -Nŕmŕmasdan kň mulá sa banda ng itň nang bintána` ang báhay ni Áli -ng Maryŕ. I get a view of Mistress Maria's house from this side of -the window. Pagingátan mo ang iyo ng kwaltŕ sa bulsŕ pagluwŕs mo sa -Mayníla`, at nang hwag kŕ ng mŕnakáwan. Look carefully to the money in -your purse when you go to Manila, so as not to get robbed. Nŕpasúkan -nya sa kwŕrto ang magnanákaw. In entering the room he came upon the -thief. Nŕputúlan ku nang tahěd ang kátyaw. I managed to cut the -game-cock's spur. Nŕpůputúlan ko nŕ nang pálong ang kátyaw. I am -succeeding in cutting off the game-cock's comb. Mŕpůputúlan daw nyŕ -nang manga pálong ang manga kátyaw nya ng pangsábong. He will manage -to cut off the combs of his pit game-cocks, he says. Nŕsagasáan nang -trčn ang isa ng táo. A man got run over by the train. Nŕsakyan námin -ang bangká ni Hwŕn. We happened to get into Juan's canoe. Ang kamŕtáya -ng mŕtagpuŕn nang isa ng magnanákaw ay lági ng hindí mabúte. The death -a robber meets is usually not good. Baká mu mŕtamáan ang úlu nang -báta`. See that you don't hit the child's head (and disfigure him). - -Similarly: balíta`, bukŕs, damdŕm, datěng, gustň, intindě, kamět, -kulápol, ligtŕs, málay, pígil, taněm, túlog, tumpŕk, túto, wisěk. - -(a) With contraction of prefix and initial: mŕláman (álam). - -(b) Accent shift lacking: nŕmatáan (matŕ). - -(c) Extra accent shift is due to the root: Kamuntí nang mŕtamaŕn nang -kanya ng pukňl ang báta`. He nearly hit the child with his throw. Baká -mu mŕtamaŕn ang báta`. See that you don't hit the child. So also: -nŕalamŕn (álam). - -476. Local passive with mŕ-pag-: Nŕpaghěhinaláan nang kápitan -ang mabaět na si Hwŕn. Even honest Juan falls under the mayor's -suspicion. Nŕpŕpaghinaláan nilŕ si Kulŕs sa pagkawalá nang aláhas. They -are capable of suspecting Nicolás in connection with the disappearance -of the jewelry. Mŕpŕpaghinaláan ka ng kasabuwŕt nang manga sundálo sa -bundňk, kapag hindí ka tumahímik sa báhay. You will risk suspicion -as having connection with the soldiers in the mountains, if you do -not stay quietly in your house. Similarly: álam, bintŕng. - -(a) Extra accent shift (plural): mŕ-pag-alam-ŕn. - -477. Local passive with mŕ-pang-; the only example lacks accent shift: -nŕ-pang-aginŕldo-han. - -478. Local passive with mŕ- from underlying word with ka- (cf. § -398): nŕkagalítan, mŕkatuwaŕn. - -(a) with pagka-, corresponding to an active with magka- (§ 405): -mŕpagkalipumpunŕn (lipumpňn). - -479. Special static words with makŕ- are formed from numerals in the -sense of so many times: makŕánim six times; makálawŕ twice; makálimŕ -five times; makásiyŕm nine times. So: makáilŕn several times. - -From phrases, the higher numbers: makása-m-pů` ten times. - -With irregularities: makáitlň, makáyitlň three times; makŕápat, -makŕípat four times. - -Reduplicated: makŕlělíbo a thousand times. - - - -4. The prefix pa-. - -480. The general sense of the prefix pa- is to denote something -caused or ordered to undergo such and such an action. With accent pŕ- -an increase of the action is expressed. - - - -(1) Simple static forms. - -481. The root with prefix pa- denotes an object or person ordered, -caused, or allowed to undergo such and such an action. The person -caused to undergo may be the same as the person ordering or allowing. - -Ang paakyŕt ni Hwána na púno nang kakŕw ay ang nása súlok nang -bakúran. The cocoa-tree Juana ordered climbed is the one in the corner -of the yard. Ang panyo ng itň ay paalaála sa ákin niy Áli ng Maryŕ sa -anŕk nya ng dalága. This handkerchief is a souvenir to me from Aunt -Maria which she sent by her daughter. Inihandá nang ámi ng kaséra -ang atsára ng papáya úpang siya námi ng magěng paáyap. Our landlady -served some pickled papaws for us to use as condiment. Pabalěk ni -Hwŕn ang lěbru ng itň. Juan sends this book back. Itň ang paháti` sa -ákin ni Pédro. This is what Pedro ordered me to deal out. Ang manga -tubň ng itň ay papútol sa ákin ni Pédro. Pedro ordered me to cut this -sugar-cane. Ang táo ng itň ang pasakŕy ni Hwŕn sa karumáta ko. This -is the man whom Juan asked me to take into my carriage. Ang binása -ni Hwŕ ng kautusŕn ay patáwag nang kúra. The ordinance Juan read was -given out for proclamation by the priest. Ang báhay na ytň y patayó -ni Hwŕn. Juan had this house built. Patípon ni Hwŕn sa ákin ang manga -nyňg na itň. Juan ordered me to gather up these cocoanuts. Ang pauwé -ni Hwŕn sa kanya ng inŕ ay isa ng maínam na singsěng. What Juan sent -home to his mother was a beautiful ring. - -As conjunctive attribute the word with pa- may express manner: ang -daŕ ng pabalěk sa Balíwag the road back to Baliuag. Papások sya ng -lumŕlákad sa gitná nang báhay. He was going farther in toward the -inside of the house. Pasakŕy sya ng lumuksň sa kabáyo. He jumped on -the horse as if mounting to ride. Nang mahúlug ang báta` sa káhoy, -ay paupó sya ng lumagpŕk sa lúpa`. When the boy fell from the tree, he -landed on the ground in a sitting position. Paurňng sya ng lumákad. He -went backwards. - -With movements pa-, reflexive, is often weakened to a mere indication -of direction: Paakyŕt sa púnů nang káhoy ang unggň` nang sya y abútan -nang lóbo. The monkey was just climbing the tree, when he was overtaken -by the wolf. Pabalěk si Hwŕn. Juan is going back. Patúngo si Hwŕn sa -báya-ng-Balíwag. Juan was headed for the town of Baliuag. - -Similarly: álam, biglŕ`, bulňng, gawŕ`, hárang, kálat, lági`, lalŕ`, -puntŕ, sigŕw, tágo`, takbň, talungkň`, tayň`, túloy. - -(a) From a derived word: paitaŕs (itaŕs, § 373). - -(b) The peculiar meaning is weakened in some words: ang paága a kind -of rice which matures early, ang pakinábang profit, advantage, ang -palabŕs a theatrical performance, ang palígo` a bath, ang pamagŕt an -appellation, a nickname. So from: bangň`, bása, bayň, bigŕt, daŕn, -dúsa, háyag, hintúlot, lákad, lígid, lúgit, sákit, talěm. - -(c) With retraction of accent and contraction: páno (anň). - -(d) Irregular: Ang pagkáparoon kň sa bčsbol ay paubáya` nang áki ng -gurň`. My going to the baseball game was by permission of my teacher -(báya`). - -482. pa- (1) is made from barytone roots when they express manner, or, -more especially, direction: Ang bangkŕ` ay hindí paayňn sa ílog. The -boat is not headed with the stream. Pahagěs nya ng iniyabňt sa ákin ang -aklŕt. He handed me the book by tossing it. Iníwan nya ng paharŕng sa -daŕn ang karitňn. He left the wagon blocking the road. Paharŕng nya ng -inihágis sa ílog ang púno-ng-ságing. He threw the banana tree crosswise -into the river. Ang paglakč nang lámat nang pinggŕn ay pahatč`. The -increase in the crack of the dish is going towards halving it. Ang -búnga ng itň y pahatč` kung mapiráso pagkahinňg. This fruit goes into -halves when it breaks on ripening. Similarly: líhim, pútol. - -(a) The accent shift is due to the root and the value of the -formation is as in § 481, in: Ang paabňt mo ng súlat ay tinanggŕp -ko. I have received the letter you sent to me. Si Hwŕn ay isa ng báta -ng pabayŕ`. Juan is a neglectful boy. - -(b) The accent shift is like that of a root word in: Paligú na ang -manga báta`. The children are bathed now (pa-lígo`). - -483. pa- r, as explicit plural: see ábot. - -484. pa- D. The action is repeated at short intervals; the reflexive -value is frequent. Sya y lumŕlákad na pahintň-hintň`. He goes on, -stopping every little while. Pamalí-malě` ang kanya ng pagbílang. His -count contains repeated errors. Alam nyŕ ang manga pasíkot-síkot sa -báya-ng-Balíwag. He knows all the ins and outs of the district of -Baliuag. So from: iyŕk, lígid, mínsan, pasiyŕl, túlog. - -(a) Accent shift is due to the root: Patúlog-túlog at pagisěng-gisěng -siyŕ. He sleeps and wakes by fits and starts. Patawŕ-tawŕ at -paiyŕk-iyŕk siyŕ. She giggles at one moment and weeps the next. - -485. pa-pa- has durative-iterative meaning: Papaalěs sya nang akň -y dumatěng. He was just going away when I arrived. Papaurňng sya ng -lumŕlákad. He was going backwards. So from labŕs. - -(a) papáno (anň) seems equivalent to páno (§ 481,c). - -486. As appears in the example of paligň` above (§ 482,b), the forms -with pa- are apparently capable of all the modifications that are -found in simple roots: Thus: - -(a) with prefix pang- (§ 347): Pangpakáin sa báta` ang gátas na -itň. This milk is for the children's food. Pangpakáin sa panaúhin ang -pinatay kň ng túpa. The sheep I have slaughtered is for serving to the -guests. Pangpatukŕ sa manňk ang pálay na itň. These rice-grains are to -be given to the chickens to pick (tukŕ` the beak of a fowl). So from: -dikět, lígo`. - -(b) with ka- R (§ 400): Kapŕpapútol ko pa lámang nang manga káhoy na -itň. I have just had this firewood cut. - -(c) with ka-pag- R (§ 400,a): Kapagpŕpapútol ko lámang nang siět kay -Hwŕn. I have just ordered Juan to cut up the bamboo spines. - - - -(2) Normal transients, abstracts, and special static words. - -487. The root with pa- is sometimes used as a transient contingent -punctual, with the value of a reflexive passive; more commonly the -form with ma-pa- (§ 506) fulfils this function. There are three types: - -(a) Genuine reflexive passive: Paábut ka sa mangŕ nagsěsihábul sa -iyň. Let yourself be overtaken by your pursuers. Paakyat kŕ kay Hwŕn -sa itaŕs nang káhoy. Ask Juan to take you up into the tree. Twě ng -papásuk akň sa síne sa áki ng kúyang, ay nasěsiráan ang mákina. Every -time I ask my oldest brother to take me to the moving-picture show, -something goes wrong with the machine. So: kasŕl, ligŕw. - -(b) Reflexive of interest: one who orders that something undergo -such and such an action for him: Paakyŕt ka kay Hwŕn nang isa ng -búnga-ng-nyňg. Ask Juan to climb for a cocoanut for you. - -(c) Reflexive of motion; the pa- has faded value; thus are used -the local equivalents of the demonstrative pronouns and a few other -words. Paríni ka. Come here. Tuwě ng aku y paroňn sa kanya ng báhay -ay hindí ku sya inŕabútan. Every time I go to his house, I fail to -find him in. - -(d) If the pa- is accented, the action is more intense: Pŕága ka nang -pagparíto. Be very early in your coming here. - -(e) A contingent durative is formed with pa- R. (a) Paáakyat akň kay -Hwŕn sa itaŕs nang káhoy. I shall ask Juan to take me up into the -tree with him. Papŕpások akň sa síne sa áki ng kúyang. I shall ask -my brother to take me to the moving-picture show. (b) Paáakyat akň -kay Hwŕn nang isa ng búnga-ng-nyňg. I shall ask Juan to climb for a -cocoanut for me. Papůpútol akň nang buhňk kay Hwŕn. I shall ask Juan -to cut my hair. - -488. For the reflexive of motion (§ 487,c) a set of transients and -an abstract are formed with -um- and pag-. These also are equivalent -to the forms with ma-pa- (§ 506). - -(a) Regularly from the four roots serving as locals of the -demonstrative pronouns. Pumaríni ka! Come here! Pumaríne ka sa áki -ng tabě. Come close here to my side. - -Madálang ang pagparíto nang manga bálang. Locusts come here but -rarely. Pího ako ng pŕparíto sa alasěngko. I will surely come here -at five o'clock. - -Pápariyŕn sána kamě, dátapuwat nagkaroňn kamě nang malakě ng -kaabalahŕn, kanyŕ hindí kami nátuloy. We were coming to you, but we -had so much trouble that we did not carry out our intention. - -Pagparoňn ko ay sŕsabíhin ko sa kanyŕ ang ibinalítŕ mo. When I get -there I shall tell him what you have told me. Kitŕ ng dalawŕ ay -páparon sa teyátro. We two are going to the theatre. - -(b) Occasionally from loňb: pumaloňb. - -(c) Also the abstracts pagpalígo`, pagpanáog; these form the transient -with ma- from the root (§ 441); and pagpatúngo, which forms its -transient with -um- from the root. - -(d) Plurals: magsipalígo`, nagsěsipanáog. - -489. mag-pa-, pag-pa-pa-. Active with mag- from the root with pa- -denotes one who causes, orders, or allows such and such an action to -be performed on something else or (reflexively) on himself. - -Nagpaáyap ang ámi ng kaséra. Our landlady served a relish. Si -Hwŕn ay nagpabáya` sa kanya ng tungkúlin. Juan grew lax about his -duties. Nagpabyŕy si Hwŕn nang isdŕ` sa kanya ng palŕisdáan. Juan -had some fish put into his fishpond. Ang médiko ang nagpaginháwa sa -máy sakět. The doctor made the patient feel comfortable. Nagpagupět -akň sa barbéro. I had the barber cut my hair. Ang pagpapagupět ko sa -barbéro ng si Hwŕn ay hindí ko lubhŕ ng gustň. I don't like very much -to have my hair cut by barber Juan. Paráti ang manga pagpapahárang -ni Andrčs sa manga táo ng naglálakŕd. Andrés often orders travellers -to be held up. Si Pédro ay nagpaháte sa ákin nang pálay. Pedro had -rice dealt out to me. Ang kŕtiwála y syŕ ng nagpahátě nang pálay sa -manga kasamŕ. It was the agent who ordered rice distributed to the -field-workers. Ang pagpapaháte nang kŕtiwála sa manga lariyň sa manga -magkakápit-báhay ay hindí iniyútos nang panginoňn nya ng si Hwŕn. The -agent's having bricks distributed among the neighbors was not in -accordance with the orders of his master Juan. Sya y nagpahíkaw sa -kanya ng alíla`. She had her maid put her earrings on her. (híkaw an -earring). Si Pédro ay nagpápahingŕ. Pedro is taking a rest (literally: -allowing himself to breathe). Ang inŕ y nagpahubŕd (or: nagpahubŕd -nang damět) sa kanya ng anŕk. The mother ordered her daughter to -undress her. Sya y nagpakáin nang gúlay sa manga panaúhin. She -served vegetables to the guests. Sya y nagpŕpakaséra. She keeps a -boarding-house. Sya y nagpŕpalabŕs nang lamňk. He is driving out -the gnats. Nagpápalabŕs nang teyátro ang sŕmáha-ng-ópera. The opera -company is producing a play. Nagpalígo si Hwŕn nang kabáyo. Juan -bathed some of the horses. ang pagpapalígo` the bathing something or -someone. Nagpapútol si Hwŕn nang labňng. Juan had some bamboo shoots -cut. Nagpŕpapútol kamě nang káhoy. We are having some wood cut. Ang -pagpapapútol nya sa Intsčk nang buhňk ay hindí sinunňd nitň. When he -ordered the Chinaman to cut his queue, the latter did not obey. Ang -pagpapasakŕy sa trčn ni Hwŕn nang manga kamátis ay hindí nautŕs bágo -lumákad ang trčn. Juan had not finished having his tomatoes loaded -on the train, when the train started. Si Hwána ay nagpasákit nang -marámi ng manglilígaw sa kanyŕ. Juana caused grief to many who wooed -her. Si Hwána ay nagpasuklŕy sa kanya ng alíla`. Juana ordered her maid -to comb her hair for her. Ang pagpapasundú nya sa ákin sa alíla` ay -ikinagálit ko. His ordering me to fetch the servant made me angry. Sya -y nagpŕpatalěm nang isa ng gúlok. He is sharpening a bolo. Nagpatáwag -akň nang isŕ ng kasamŕ. I had a workman called. Ang pagpapatáwag ko -sa manga alíla ay hindí sinunňd nang báta ng si Hwŕn. Little Juan -did not obey my order to him to call some servants. Ang pagpapatáwag -nang kúra sa léyi ay hindi nátuluy, sapagkŕt binatň nang manga táo -ang magtatawŕg. The priest's order that the law be proclaimed was not -carried out, for the crier was stoned by the people. Nagpatayó sya nang -isa ng kúbo. He had a hut built. Ang pagpapatayó ni Hwŕn nang isa ng -kúbo ay hindí natápus bágo sya nŕtáwag sa pagsusundálo. The hut Juan -was having built was not finished before he was called to military -service. Nagpatipěd sya sa manga kasamŕ nang kanila ng pagkáin. He -had his workers be sparing with their food. Nagpatípon si Hwŕn nang -káhoy sa kanya ng manga kasamŕ. Juan ordered his workmen to gather -wood. Ang pagpapatípon ni Hwŕn sa manga kalabŕw ay hindí sinunňd -nang kanya ng kŕtiwála`. Juan's order that the carabao be gathered -together was not obeyed by his overseer. Sya y nagpatotoň sa úsap ni -Maryŕ at ni Hwána. She gave testimony in the lawsuit between Maria -and Juana. Si Hwána ay naparoňn sa ákin at siyŕ ng nagpatotoň na ikŕw -ay dumalň sa isa ng sabungŕn. Juana came to me and assured me that you -had attended a cock-fight. Ang pagpapatotoň nyŕ ay hindí tinanggŕp nang -hukňm. The judge did not accept his testimony. Sya y nagpaupň` nang ilŕ -ng eskwéla. He had a few of the pupils sit down. Ang pagpapaupň nang -mačstro sa manga eskwéla ay hindí nila sinunňd agŕd. The teacher's -order to the pupils to sit down was not promptly obeyed. Magpaútang -ka nang kwaltŕ sa manga mahihírap. Lend money to the poor. Nagpauwí -ba si Hwŕn nang sělya sa kanya ng inŕ?--Hindě`. Ang kanya ipinauwč` -ay isa ng singsěng. Did Juan send a chair home to his mother?--No, -he sent home a ring. - -Similarly: ábot, alaála, balěk, baňn, dalŕ, dulŕs, dúnong, dúsa, -galěng, gálit, gandŕ, gawŕ`, háyag, hírap, húli, ísip, iyŕk, kilála, -kinábang, kintŕb, kíta, kulň`, kumpisŕl, lagŕy, lákad, larň`, láyas, -láyaw, limňs, lípas, lúto`, magŕt, mísa, pások, siglŕ, singkŕw, sísid, -tahňl, tugtňg, túlog, túlos, ulŕn. - -(a) Plural with magsi- (§ 386); nagsěsipagpalimňs. - -(b) From a derived word: Huwag kayň ng magpaumága sa inyo ng -pagsasŕlitáan. Don't let yourselves be overtaken by the morning in -your conversation (umága, § 358). - -(c) Root with accent shift: Sya y nagpaabňt nang súlat sa ákin. He -had a letter handed to me. - -(d) The pa- is accented, expressing extreme degree of action; from -shifted root: Nagpáuna si Hwŕn sa lakarŕn. Juan managed to get himself -into the very first place in the walking-party. So from: íwan. - -(e) Doubled root, shifted: Nagpáuna-unŕ si Hwŕn sa lakarŕn nang manga -magkakasáma. Juan got himself too far ahead in the boys' walking-party. - -(f) Special static word (of the kind in § 358,d): ang magpapatawŕg -a town-crier. - -490. pa- (1) -in, p-in-a. The direct passive from words with pa- -denotes the person ordered to do so and so, the thing caused to be -so and so. - -Padalángin mo ang iyo ng pagparíto. Make your coming here -infrequent. Pagka pinapútol ka nyŕ nang káhoy ay sumunňd -ka ng agŕd. When he orders you to cut wood, do you obey at -once. Pinapůpútol námin nang tubň si Pédro. We are having Pedro cut -some sugar-cane. Paputúlin mo si Hwŕn nang kúgon. Have Juan cut the -cugon-weeds. Papůputúlin námin kayň nang yantňk. We shall ask you to -cut some rattan. Pinatahňl ni Hwŕn ang kanya ng áso. Juan made his dog -bark. Pinatalěm nya itň. He made this sharp. Pinatayó ni Hwŕn sa kanya -ng pálad ang kapatěd nya ng maliět na si Maryáno. Juan stood his little -brother Mariano up on his open hand. Hindí ako pinatúlog nang pagtahňl -nang áso. The barking of the dog kept me from sleeping. Patulúgin mo -ang báta`. Put the child to sleep. Pinaupú nya ang manga eskwéla. He -had the pupils sit down. Pinaupú ko ang áki ng bisíta. I asked my -visitors to be seated. - -Similarly: alěs, balěk, bilě, bútas, díto, hintň`, inňm, káin, -kápit, lákad, láyas, lípad, pások, tahŕn, takbň, táwad, túlin, túloy, -untě`, yáman. - -(a) With accented pŕ-: Pŕbusugin mň ang manga háyop. Feed the animals -till they have had enough. Pŕhampasěn mo siyŕ. Whip him harder. Hwag -mň ng pŕputiěn ang pintŕ nang báhay. Don't paint the house too white. - -(b) pŕ- with accent shift: Pŕdalangin mň ang iyo ng pagparíto. Come -here very rarely. - -491. pa-pag- (1) -in, p-in-a-pag-. The direct passive has pag- before -the root when it corresponds to simple actives with characteristic -mag- (§ 351). Mŕpŕpahámak lámang ang báta ng ito, kapag hindí nátin -pinapagáral nang sapŕt. This boy will turn out a mere good-for-nothing, -if we do not make him study enough. Pinapaghubŕd nang inŕ ang kanya ng -manga anŕk. The mother ordered her children to undress. Pinapagpútol -námin nang ságing sina Hwŕn. We asked Juan and his people to cut -bananas. Papagputúlin mo si Hwŕn nang buhňk. Tell Juan to get a -hair-cut. Papagpůputúlin nila kamě nang kanila ng manga kawáyan. They -will order us to cut all their bamboo. Pinapagsuklŕy ni Hwána ang -kanya ng alíla`. Juana told her maid to comb her (the maid's) hair. - -Similarly, from: bíhis, hintň`, trabáho. - -(a) From a derived word: Sya y pinapagkalatimbŕ`. He was forced to -do the well-bucket exercise (kalatimbŕ`, § 519). - -(b) With extra accent shift: papagtůtuluyěn (túloy). - -492. With pang-: Paráti ng pinapanghŕhárang ni Andrčs ang kanya ng -manga kampňn. Andrés often orders his companions to commit highway -robberies. Papanghiraměn mo si Pédro nang lúbid. Have Pedro go and -borrow some rope. Papamutúlin mo nang damň si Pédro. Have Pedro cut -grass. Papamůmutúlin silŕ ni Hwŕn nang damň. Juan will order them to -cut grass. - -493. pa-pag-pa- (1) -in, p-in-a-pag-pa-. With both pag- and pa- -preceding the root the direct passive with pa- denotes someone caused -to cause something: Pinapagpatotoň nang tagapagtanggňl ni Andrčs ang -táo ng si Mariyáno na syŕ ng nakŕkíta sa nangyáre. Andrés' lawyer -called as a witness the man Mariano, who had seen the occurrence -(cf. magpatotoň, § 489). - -494. i-pa-, i-p-in-a-. The instrumental passive with pa- denotes the -object ordered, caused, or allowed to undergo such and such an action. - -Ipinaálam ko sa kanyŕ ang manga báta`. I made known to him the -departure of the children with me. Ipinaalěs nila ang hárang nang -daŕn. They ordered the obstruction of the road to be removed. Ang -ipinadala mň ng súlat ay tinanggŕp ku nŕ. I have received the letter -you sent me. Ang sapátos na may lapŕd na suwélas na yitň ay syŕ ng -ipinagŕgámit na pangtayň` sa báta`. This flat-soled shoe is given -children to be used in learning to stand up. Ang mayáma ng taga iba -ng báyan na pŕparíto ay ipinahárang nang púno nang tulisŕn. The rich -stranger who was going to come here was held up by order of the chief -of the bandits. Ipinahátě sa ákin ni Pédro ang mansánas. Pedro ordered -me to divide the apples. Itň y ipinaháte ni Pédro parŕ sa ákin. This -was ordered by Pedro to be dealt out to me as my share. Isinakŕy -sa trčn ang ipinahatěd mo ng manga dalanghíta`. The tangerines you -shipped were put on board the train. Ipinaísip nya sa manga eskwéla -ang fétsa nang pagaáway nang manga Rúso at Hapunčs sa Port-Ŕrtur. He -asked his pupils to think of the date of the fighting between the -Russians and the Japanese at Port Arthur. Ipakíta mo ang díla` sa -manggagamňt. Show the doctor your tongue. Ipinapůpútol ni Hwŕn ang -manga káhoy sa kanya ng bakúran. Juan is having the trees in his yard -cut down. Ipapůpútol ko ang manggŕs nang áki ng báro`. I am going -to have the sleeves of my blouse cut off. Ipapútol mo, Hwŕn, ang iyo -ng kukň. Have your fingernails cut, Juan. Ang ipinasakŕy ni Tátay na -manga súha` sa trčn ay nangabúlok sa daŕn. The grape-fruit Father sent -by train got spoiled on the way. Ipinasundú ko kay Hwŕn ang médiko. I -told Juan to fetch the doctor. Ipinatáwag ko sa alíla` si Hwŕn. I had -Juan called by a servant. Ipinatayó ni Hwŕn ang báhay na itň. Juan had -this house built. Ipinatipěd nya sa bátŕ ang pagkáin nang lansónes. He -made the child eat sparingly of the lansones. Ipinatípon ni Hwŕn sa -kanya ng kŕtiwála` ang manga kalabŕw. Juan had his agent gather the -carabao. Ipinatúluy nya ang pagkantŕ, káhit na maíngay ang mangŕ -nakíkiněg. He went on with his singing although the audience was noisy. - -So: áhon, balěk, baňn, bilanggň`, bítay, dápit, dúsa, gamňt, gawŕ`, -gupět, hábol, háyag, hintň`, hintúlot, kasŕl, kilála, lákad, libŕng, -mána, patŕy, sákit, tápon, uwě`. - -(a) Different in meaning is the corresponding form from díto; it is the -primary instrumental passive corresponding to pumaríto, etc. (§ 488): -Ang pagsákop niyŕ nang táu ng makasalánan ay sya nyŕ ng ipinaríto. His -saving of sinful man is what he came here for. - -(b) Accent shift is due to the root: Ipaalŕm ka sa kanyŕ ang áki ng -patůtungúhan. Let him know where I am going. Ipinaalam nyŕ sa ákin -ang kanya ng nilóloňb. He made his intentions known to me. Ipinatulňy -ni Pédro ang pagpapatayň nang báhay. Pedro had them go on with the -construction of the house. Similarly: ábot. - -(c) With pag- (cf. § 491): ipapagáral. - -(d) With pa- prefixed to the root, the instrumental passive with pa- -denotes that ordered to be caused. The only example has radical accent -shift: Ipinapatulňy ni Hwŕn sa kanya ng kŕtiwála` ang pagtataněm -nang manga kasamŕ. Juan had his agent order the field-workers to go -on with the planting. - -495. i-pag-pa-, i-p-in-ag-pa-. When the relation of the object ordered -to undergo an action is explicitly that of a thing given forth (§ -368), a kind of double instrumental passive is made by prefixing -pag- to the pa- (cf. the explicit use of pag- in primary passives, -§§ 369. 375): Ipinagpaháte` sa ákin ni Pédro ang pálay. The rice was -ordered by Pedro to be dealt out to me. Ang kwŕlta ng nŕpangaginŕldohan -ni Hwŕn ay sya nyŕ ng ipinagpasakŕy sa tiyobíbo sa kanya ng kapatěd -na maliět. Juan used his Christmas money to treat his little brother -to a ride on the merry-go-round. Ang kautusŕn ay ipinagpŕpatáwag nang -kúra. The law is being called out by order of the priest. - -(a) With additional pa- (as in § 494,d): ipinagpapadalŕ. - -496. i-paki-pa-, i-p-in-aki-pa-. Before a word with pa- the -instrumental passive with paki- denotes the thing asked (as a favor) to -be caused to undergo such and such an action. Hwag mň ng ipakipapútol -ang púno-ng-káhoy, dátapuwat pakiputúlin mo na měsmo. Don't ask -someone else to cut down the tree for me, but cut it down for me -yourself. Ipakěkipapútol ni Hwŕn sa inyň ang manga tinibŕn sa kanya -ng bakúran. Juan will ask you to have the banana-stumps in his yard -cut down. Ipinakipapútol nya kay Hwŕn ang manga damň sa bakúran. He -asked Juan to have the grass cut in his yard. - -(a) The thing asked (as a favor) to be caused to do so and -so: Ipinakipakáin lámang niya ang kanya ng anŕk hábang sya y -walŕ`. She asked someone else to feed her child while she was -away. Ipinakěkipasúso lámang nya kay Maryŕ ang kanya ng anŕk, sapagkŕt -walá sya ng gátas. She is asking Maria to nurse her child for her, -because she has no milk. - -497. pa- (1) -an, p-in-a- (1) -an. The local passive with pa- denotes -that caused to undergo an action as local object. - -Paaláman mo sa kanyŕ kung saŕn ka páparon. Let him know where you -are going. Pinaasuhŕn ni Pédro ang manga púno-ng-manggŕ. Pedro smoked -(i.e. warmed, so as to speed flowering) the mango trees. Pinabayáan ni -Hwŕn ang kanya ng manga tungkúlin. Juan neglected his duties. Pabayáan -mo syŕ. Leave him alone. Ang pagpatŕy sa manga magnanákaw ay hindí -pinarůrusáhan nang hukňm. The judge does not punish one for killing -robbers. Pinahatían akň ni Pédro nang pálay sa kŕtiwála`. Pedro had -the agent give me my share of rice. Pinahubarŕn nang inŕ ang manga -báta`. The mother had her children undressed. Pakinggŕn nawá ninyň -ang áki ng pagtáwag. Pray give hearing to my call. Pinalěligúan -nang pagňng ang ílog. The turtle bathed in the river. Pinalěligúan -nang babáye ang báta`. The woman was bathing the child. Hwag mň ng -pamaláyan sa marámi na ikŕw ay marámi ng kayamánan sa báhay, úpang -hwag kŕ ng nakáwan. Don't let people know that you have many valuables -in your house, lest you be robbed. Pinanaúgan nya ang báhay. He went -down from the house. Pinaputúlan ni Hwŕn nang taínga ang kanya ng -manga biěk, úpang hwag máangkin nang iba ng táo. Juan had the ears -of his little pigs cut, so that they might not be inadvertently -taken by anyone else. Pinapůputúlan ni Hwŕn nang buntňt ang lahŕt -nang kanya ng manga manňk. Juan has all his chickens' tails clipped -(for identification). Paputúlan mo nang kaunti` ang mahábŕ mo ng -buhňk. Have your long hair cut a little. Papůputúlan ko nang buntňt -ang manga manňk na bágo ng bilč. I shall have the tails clipped of the -chickens I have just bought. Ang bangka ng itň ay pinasakyŕn ko kay -Hwŕn. I allowed Juan to ride in this canoe. Pinatunáyan sa ákin ni Hwŕn -na ikŕw ay nagsúsugŕl. Juan proved to me that you are gambling. Ano ng -bandŕ ang kanilŕ ng pinatůtungúhan? What direction are they headed for? - -So also: bendisiyňn, dalŕ, hintúlot, hírap, doňn, kinábang, magŕt, -mána, panhěk, sákit, tábon, tigŕs, walŕ`. - -(a) Accent shift, due to the root: pabayaŕn, equivalent, however, -to pabayáan. - -(b) pŕ-: Pŕagáhan mo ang pagsúlong. Get away very early. Pŕináman mo -ang súlat. Write very neatly. Pŕitiman mň ang kúlay nang túbig. Make -the color of the water very black. Hwag mň ng pŕputian ang pintŕ nang -báhay. Don't put too much white into the paint for the house. - -(c) pa- also prefixed to the root: Pinapahatían akň ni Pédro nang -pálay sa kŕtiwála`. Pedro told the agent to have me given my share -of rice. Pinapahatían ni Pédro nang pálay ang manga kasamŕ. Pedro -ordered that the laborers be given their share of rice. - -498. Special static words are formed with pŕ- and -an to denote place -or plurality of habitual causative action; barytone roots have accent -shift of two syllables, sometimes optionally of one syllable: - -Ang maliět na sápa ng itň ay sya ng pŕbiyáyan ni Alfňnso nang maliliět -na isdŕ ng nŕhůhúli nya sa ílog. This little pool is where Andrés -turns loose the little fish he catches in the river. Ang pŕlangúyan -nang manga páto ni Hwŕn ay malálim. Juan's duck-pond is deep. Ang -kanila ng pŕtagálan nang pagsísid ay ginawá nila sa Sibůl. Their -diving-contest took place at Sibol. - -ang pŕrusahŕn penitentiary; hell. ang pŕliguŕn bathroom, bathtub. - -So also: pŕkumpisálan, pŕaralŕn, pŕhayagŕn pŕhayágan, pŕmahalaŕn -pŕmahaláan. - -(a) Derived from these a transient and abstract in mag-: ang -pagpapŕtagálan a contesting for endurance. - - - -(3) Transients and abstracts with pa- and ka-. - -499. mag-pa-ka-, pag-pa-pa-ka-. The active with mag-pa- (§ 489) from -words with ka- expresses a reflexive actor: Ang pagpapakahírap sa -pagaáral ay máy ganti ng pála`. Exerting oneself at studies has its -reward. Nagpakamatŕy si Lúkas. Lucas committed suicide. Magpápakamatŕy -si Lúkas. Lucas will commit suicide. ang pagpapakamatŕy the act of -suicide. So also from: walŕ`. - -(a) From forms with ma-, in more intensive sense than mag- alone (§ -352,c): Ang pagpapakamarúnong serious effort at learning things. - -With irregularities of accent, as in § 353,a.b.: Sya y -nagpakamápuri. He praised himself very much. Sya y nagpakamayabŕng. He -boasted much. - -500. pa-ka- (1) -in, p-in-a-ka-. The direct passive with pa-ka- denotes -something caused to be too much so and so: Hwag mň ng pakalalímin ang -gawi ng húkay. Don't make the hole you are to dig too deep. Hwag mň -ng pakalŕlalímin ang hůhukáin mo ng balňn. Don't make the well you -are going to dig too deep. Pinakalálim ni Hwŕn ang húkay. Juan made -the ditch too deep. - -(a) The form with p-in-a-ka- occurs as special static word: pinakamahŕl -most expensive, dearest; pinakamúra cheapest. - -(b) More commonly from words with ma- (§ 454): Si Risŕl ay syŕ ng -naging pinakamarúnong na táo sa kapulua-ng-Filipínas. Rizal was -the most learned man in the Philippines. pinakamalakŕs strongest; -pinakamalínis cleanest. So from: búti, hába`, halagŕ, húsay, kínis. - -501. i-kŕ-pa-, i-k-in-ŕ-pa-. The instrumental passive with i-kŕ- (§ -417) from words with pa- expresses the thing or circumstance causing -someone to be made to do so and so. Ikinŕpaalěs sa kanyŕ sa báhay -ni Hwŕn ang kanya ng pangungumět. His petty thievery caused him -to be ordered to leave Juan's house, to be dismissed from Juan's -house. Ikinŕpŕpaalěs nila sa kanyŕ ang kanya ng pinaggagawŕ ng -katampalasánan sa manga háyop. His constant cruelty to the animals is -forcing them to dismiss him. Ang kaibigŕn nya ng mŕtúto ay sya nyŕ -ng ikináparoon sa Espánya. His desire to get an education is what -made him go to Spain. Baká mo ikŕpahámak ang iyo ng pagparoňn. I am -afraid your going there may cause you to be unfortunate. Ikŕpŕpahámak -nya ang kanya ng pagsusundálo. His military service will cause him -to fall into bad ways. - -(a) With pag- either before or after the kŕ- a voluntary actor is -implied who is caused to make someone or something do or be so and -so. Ang ipinagkŕpasakŕy ni Hwŕn sa kanya ng máy sakit na kapatěd sa -trčn sa lugŕr nang sa karumáta ay ang katulínan nang trčn. What made -Juan have his brother ride on the train rather than in a carriage was -the speed of the train. Nagpaísip sya sa kanya ng manga eskwéla nang -manga paraŕ ng ikŕpagpŕpalakč nilŕ sa kanila ng aklátan. He had his -students think of means that would help them to make their library -(get) larger. - -502. pa-ka- (1) -an. Local passive with pa- (§ 497) from a word with -ka- (§ 398): pinakawalŕn was allowed to go free. - -503. ka-pa- (1) -an. Local passive with ka- (§ 419) from a word with -pa- (§ 481): kapŕpatungúhan the place one will be headed for. - -(a) Static words with ka-pa- -an are forms with ka- -an from words -with pa-: - -With S (§ 421): Si Hwŕn ang kapŕtagálan ni Maryáno sa pagsísid sa -túbig. Juan contends with Mariano in staying under water as long -as possible. - -With S (1), (§ 423); accent irregularly placed: Ang báta ng si Pédro -ang sya ng kŕpakitáan ni Maryŕ nang kanyŕ ng larwŕn. Little Pedro is -the child to whom Maria showed her toys and who showed her his. - -With (2), (§ 422): Ang kapabayaŕn nya sa manga tungkúlin ay syŕ ng -malakě nya ng kapintásan. His neglectfulness of his duties is his -great fault. - -504. maka-pa-. With maka- in the usual meanings (§ 433 ff.) a few -transients are made from words pa-. Nakapahingŕ sa lílim ang manga -kalabŕw. The carabao rested in the shade (irrational actor). Bayáan -mo ng makapahingŕ ang manga dalŕ mo ng kalabŕw bágu ka bumalěk sa -búkid. Let the carabao that brought you rest before you go back to -the country. Makapŕpahinga nŕ ang manga háyop bágo sya dumatěng. The -carabao will have rested before he arrives. So from: doňn, lígo`. - -505. Commoner is maka-pag-pa- (corresponding to mag-pa-); the abstract -has pagkapa-. Nakapagpapútol na akň nang káhoy na gŕgamítin ko sa boň -ng tagulŕn. I have already had wood cut for the entire rainy season. Si -Lílay ay nakŕkapagpapútol nang káhoy sa alílŕ ni Kíka`. Lilay -has permission to order Kika's servant to cut the wood. Hindí ako -makapagpapútol nang tubň kay Hwŕn, sapagkŕt marámi sya ng trabáho sa -ibŕ. I cannot have Juan cut sugar-cane, because he has already too -much work to do for other people. Makŕkapagpapútol akň nang labňng, -kung iyň ng gustň. I can have some bamboo-shoots cut, if you wish. - -So from: bilě, kínis, tápon. - -506. The passive with ma- from words with pa- varies in meaning, -owing chiefly to the various values of words with pa-. - -(a) Genuine passive: Hindí nya napahinňg ang manga ságing. He did -not succeed in getting the bananas to ripen. Mapahíhiram mo ba -akň nang lima ng píso ng gintň? Can you let me borrow five dollars -gold? Napapások ko sa kurŕl ang manga kalabŕw. I succeeded in bringing -the carabao into the corral. Napatátalim ni Pédro ang mapurňl na -gúlok. Pedro is able to sharpen dull bolos. So from: alěs, puntŕ, -sáboy, túlog. - -(b) Reflexive passive: Ang máy sakit ay napadapŕ` sa manga nagŕalágŕ -sa kanyŕ, sapagkŕt sya hindí makakílos. The sick man had the people -who were caring for him lay him on his face, because he could not -move. Napagísing si Hwŕn sa kanya ng kapatěd sa óras nang alaskwátro -nang umága. Juan had his brother wake him up at four o'clock in the -morning. Napapások akň sa síne sa áki ng kúyang. I asked my oldest -brother to take me to the moving-picture show. Mapapŕpások.... I shall -ask to be taken in. Silŕ y napatůtúlong. They are asking for help. So: -álam, hatěd, tawěd. - -(c) Reflexive of interest: Napaakiyŕt akň kay Hwŕn nang isa -ng búnga-ng-nyňg. I asked Juan to climb for a cocoanut for -me. Napapútol silŕ nang káhoy. They asked to have wood cut for -them. Napapůpútol ang manga anŕk nang kanila ng kukň kay Nánay. The -children ask Mother to cut their fingernails. Napapůpútol akň nang -gŕgawi ng pípa kay Hwŕn. I am asking Juan to cut me some wood for -a cigarette-mouthpiece. Napatilŕd akň nang tubň kay Nánay. I asked -Mother to slice me some sugar-cane. - -(d) Movement: Napabíngit sya sa malaki ng pangánib. He got into a -very dangerous situation. Naparíne sa tabi kň ang báta`. The child -came up close to me. Ang magkaybíga ng si Pédro at si Maryáno ay -naparoňn sa Mayníla`. The two friends, Pedro and Mariano, have gone -to Manila. Sya y napaóo. He assented. So from: díto, loňb, salámat, -túngo. Also from the derived word luwásan: napaluwásan. - -507. Instrumental passive only in: maipabarěl. - -508. Passive with mŕ- (§ 463 ff.) from words with pa-. Bumitěw ang -bátŕ sa lúbid, kanyá nŕparapŕ` ang kanyŕ ng kahatakŕn. As the child -let go of the rope, the one who was pulling against him fell on his -face. Nŕparíto si Hwŕn sa kanyŕ ng pagtatagň` sa manga tiktčk. Juan -happened to come here in his hiding from the spies. Nŕpŕparíto sya -ng madalŕs. He often gets round here. Mŕpŕparíto raw syŕ sa báya -ng itň. He will get round to our town, he says. Nŕpahámak sya sa -ginawá nya ng pagsusugŕl at pagsasábong. He became good-for-nothing -through his gambling and cock-fighting. Nŕpŕpahámak ang báta ng -si Hwŕn, dahilŕn sa lubňs na pagpapaláyaw sa kanyŕ nang kanya ng -manga magúlang. Little Juan is getting spoiled through his parents' -complete indulgence. Hwag kŕ ng duwŕg, Hwŕn, at nang hwŕg ka ng -mŕpahámak lámang sa iyo ng pagsusundálo. Don't be a coward, Juan, -so that you may not merely come to misfortune through your military -service. Mŕpŕpahámak lámang ang báta ng itň, kapag hindí nátin -pinapagáral nang sapŕt. This boy will turn out a good-for-nothing, -if we don't make him study enough. Hindí nŕpahinňg na maága ni Hwŕn -ang manga ságing. Juan didn't get his bananas ripe early enough. Hindí -nya nŕpahinňg ang manga ságing, sapagkŕt naúbus agŕd. He did not get -his bananas ripe, because they were all eaten up too soon. Si Pédro ay -nŕpŕpahingŕ. Pedro is resting. Nŕpatayó si Pédro dahilŕn sa kanya ng -pagkŕgúlat. Pedro leaped to his feet in his surprise. Dahilŕn sa kanya -ng pagkŕgúlat ay nŕpaupú siya. In his surprise he fell into his chair. - -So from: gúlat, halakhŕk, hitsŕ, iyŕk, kasŕl, lagŕy, lagpŕk, luksň, -sigŕw, tinděg. - -(a) Plural with -ang-: Ang manga kalabŕw ay nangŕpŕpahingŕ. The -carabao are resting. So: nangápamanghŕ`. - -(b) Accent shift: Nŕpagisěng si Hwŕn sa kalakasŕn nang putňk nang -barěl. The report of the gun was so loud that Juan woke up. So: táwa. - -(c) Abstract, of movements, pagkŕpa-. Ang dáhil nang kanya ng -pagkŕparíto ay ang paniningěl. What brought him here was the collecting -of debts. Ang pagkŕpalígo nang kabáyo ay marumč. The horse has not -been bathed clean. So from: alíla`, doňn. - -(d) With makŕ- D (§ 473) from -paríto: Hwag kŕ ng -makŕparí-paríto. Don't you ever come round here! - -509. Instrumental passive, mŕ-i-pa-, from: dalŕ, kilála, kíta, túlos. - -510. Local passive, mŕ-pa- (1) -an. Mŕpŕparusáhan kitŕ. I shall have -to punish you. So: kiněg. - -511. Special static words with nŕ-pa-ka- denote something having a high -degree of such and such a quality. Ang sákit na iyo ng ipinarůrúsa sa -ákin ay nápakabigŕt. The grief you cause me is very severe. Nŕpakabúte -ang kanya ng pagkatákot. Her fear reached a high degree. Ang sakŕy -na táo nang kutséro sa karumáta ay nŕpakatabŕ`. The man the driver -has taken into his carriage is very stout. So also: iklě`. - -(a) From a phrase: nŕpakawala-ng-hiyŕ`. - - - -5. The prefix pati-. - -512. pati- before a root expresses that such and such a movement -(of one's own person) is suddenly performed. - -513. With mag- it denotes the voluntary performer. Barytone roots seem -to have accent shift. Ang báta y nagpatihigŕ` sa sahěg. The child -suddenly lay down on the floor. Nagpatihulňg si Pédro sa bintána` -sa isa ng pagsumpňng nang kanya ng pagkalóko. Pedro suddenly threw -himself from the window in an attack of his madness. Nagpŕpatihulňg si -Hwŕn sa hagdánan kung sinúsumpňng nang kalokóhan, kaniyŕ` sya y itináli -nilŕ sa isa ng halígi nang báhay. They tied Juan to one of the posts of -the house, because when he is assailed by a fit of insanity he throws -himself down the stairs. Magpŕpatihulňg daw sya mulá sa ituktňk nang -kanya ng bělanggúan úpang sya y makataanŕn. He says he will throw -himself from the roof of his prison so as to make an escape. Sya y -nagpatiluhňd. He suddenly knelt down. Ang pagpapatiluhňd nang báta` -ay sya ng nakasakět sa kanya ng túhod. The boy's throwing himself on -his knees is what injured his knee. - -514. The passive with mŕ- denotes the involuntary -performer. Nŕpŕpatihigŕ` ang báwat mádulŕs sa lugŕr na itň. Every one -who slips at this place falls on his back. Hwag kŕ ng magpadulŕs, -sapagkŕt baká ka mŕpatihigŕ`. Don't slide, for you might fall -on your back. Sya y nŕpatiluhňd. He fell, landing in a kneeling -position. Nŕpatiupú sya sa kanya ng pagkádulŕs. He fell into a sitting -position when he slipped. Nŕpŕpatiupň` ang báwat táo ng magdaŕn sa -lugŕr na itň, dahilŕn sa madulŕs na lúmot nang lúpa`. Everyone who -comes through this place falls and lands in a sitting position, -owing to the slippery moss on the ground. - - - -III. Irregular Derivatives. - -(1) Transients and abstracts of the particles sa and -ging. - -515. The particle sa has transient forms as follows: - -(a) A normal transient: with pŕ-sa, pá-pŕ-sa, ná-sa, ná-sŕ-sa. Nása -simbáhan silŕ. They are (were) at church. Násŕsa simbáhan silŕ nang -mangyáre ang súnog. They were at church when the fire occurred. Nang -pása simbáhan silŕ.... When they went to church.... Pápŕsa simbáhan -silŕ. They will go to church. - -Plural: Nangása simbáhan silŕ. They are (were) at church. - -(b) An accidental passive (of movement): má-pa-sa, má-pŕ-pa-sa, -ná-pa-sa-, ná-pŕ-pa-sa-; abstract: pagká-pa-sa. Nang mápasa simbáhan -silŕ ay malálim nŕ ang gabě. When they got to the church, it was -already late at night. Mápŕpasa simbáhan silŕ sa gabě. They will strike -the church at nightfall. ang pagkápasa simbáhan a chance coming upon -the church. - -516. The (transient) forms of -ging are ma-gěng, ma-gí-ging, na-gěng, -na-gí-ging; abstract: pa-gi-gěng. Magpůpútol daw nang buhňk ang Intsčk -na si Yčng pagigěng binyágan nya. The Chinaman Yeng says he will have -his queue cut when he gets baptized. - - - -(2) Odd affixes. - -517. ba- seems to appear in ba-lasěng. - -518. hin-, with irregular nasalization of initials, in one simple -derivative: Ang kanya ng himatŕy ay hindí nalaúnan. Her fainting-fit -did not last long (matŕy). -himagsěk (bagsěk) does not occur, but -underlies many derivatives, especially maghimagsěk (§ 352,c) and -hěmagsíkan (§ 377,a). Many such underlying forms can be postulated -from the various transients with manghin- (§ 357,b). - -(a) With r: ang hintutúro` the forefinger (túro`). - -519. kala- in ang kalaháte` a half; ang kalatimbŕ` dipping on the -heels and rising, hands holding opposite ears (as trick or imposed -as a punishment), from háti` and timbŕ` a well-bucket; these have -various further derivatives, see Index. - -520. kasing- having such and such a quality in common with something -else; hence partly equivalent with ka-: Kasingkúlay nang áki ng -báro` ang kanya ng salawŕl. His trousers are of the same color as my -blouse. Ang bóla ng itň ay kasinglakě nang itlňg. This ball is the -same size as an egg. Si Hwŕn ay kasingpantŕy ni Pédro. Juan is of -the same height as Pedro. - -521. mala- (Spanish ?) derogatory: ang malasutsňt a young lout, -a half-grown boy (literally: a bad whistler). - -522. pala- expresses extreme tendency to such and such an action: - -(a) pala- S -in, from oxytone roots: Sya y isa ng palabintángin. He -is very distrustful. Ang manga isdŕ y palabůlúkin sa tagáraw. Fish -easily spoil in the hot season. ang palalungkútin a melancholy person, -palapůtákin a fowl given to cackling, palasumbúngin tattle-tale, -palasutsútin one who is always whistling, palatuntúnin one who is -always trying to follow up his stolen property, palatuwáin palatwáin -one who is easily amused. - -From root with shifted accent: palasŕkítin person who is always -getting sick. Irregularly: palahůníhin an animal given to neighing, -chirping, etc. - -Lack of secondary accent: palaiyákin a cry-baby. - -(b) pala- (2) -in, from barytone roots: palagalitěn a hot-head, -palagisingěn a poor sleeper, palagutuměn one who is always getting -hungry, palagulatěn nervous person, palahilawěn a kind of rice that -is hard to cook through; Palaputulěn ang manga tingtěng nang walěs -na ytň. The fibres of this broom are very brittle. palatakutěn a -timorous person. - -(c) palŕ- -an the place for such and such a thing: ang palŕisdáan -a fish-pond, palŕsingsíngan the ring-finger, the fourth finger, -palŕtuntúnan a set of rules, rules of order. - -523. ta- in ta-gílid the side; with retraction of accent: -talíkod. - -524. tag- in names of seasons: tagáraw, tagulŕn, the two Philippine -seasons; ang taglaměg cold weather, the (American) winter. With -accent-shift: taginět the hot season. - -525. taga- person whose duty it is to do so and so, especially upon -some particular occasion: ang tagaalěs nang gwarnisyňn nang kabáyo -the one detailed to unharness the horses, tagabílang accountant, -counter, tagaíkid sa gawaŕn nang lúbid the one who rolls up a rope -in the rope-factory; Ikŕw ay tagainům lámang. Your job here is only -to drink; so: tagakáin one whose only duty is to eat. Tagapútol nang -káhoy ang katungkúlan niyŕ. He is delegated to cut wood. tagasúlat the -one who does the writing; tagatahč` one who does the sewing. So from: -húli, sulsě. - -(a) With pag-: tagapagbigŕy, tagapagtanggňl. - -(b) With pag-pa- one whose duty it is to oversee the doing of so and -so: ang tagapagpaalěs nang tapňn nang manga bóte head bottle-opener; -tagapagpainům sa fiyčsta bartender at a fiesta; Isa ng tagapagpainům ay -isa ng tagapagbigŕy nang inuměn sa manga háyop o manga báta`. So: ang -tagapagpakáin who gives food to animals or children, tagapagpalígo` who -bathes children or horses, tagapagpasúlat head writer, tagapagpatotoň -witness. - -526. tara-, tra- is felt to be a prefix in: ang táo ng tarabúko, -trabúko a bald-headed person, felt as derivative from búko smooth, -unripe cocoanut. - -527. -éro (Spanish) as suffix of agent; final vowel (or vowel plus -n or glottal stop) is lost: bangkéro, sabungéro, sipéro (sipéros, -plural); from derived word: Katipunéros (ka-tipún-an, § 423); from -compound word: básag-uléro a brawler, ruffian (básag-úlo). - - - -(3) Pronoun forms. - -528. The various forms of the pronouns and objectivizing particles -show some regular derivation. - -(a) n- with irregularities, for disjunctive forms: n-ang, n-i (si), -n-inŕ n-ilŕ (sinŕ silŕ), n-íno (síno), n-irč, n-itň, n-iyŕn, n-oňn -(iyňn, yaňn); n-itŕ (kitŕ), n-iyŕ (siyŕ), n-ilŕ (silŕ). From the -prepositive form: n-átin, n-ámin, n-iniyň. - -Similarly, the particle nawŕ`, root áwa` pity. - -(b) ka- for local and prepositive forms: ka-y (si), k-inŕ (sinŕ); -from the disjunctive form: ka-níno, ka-nitŕ, ka-niyŕ. ka-nilŕ. - -(c) With si compare sí-no, with ang, a-nň. - -(d) Local equivalents of the demonstrative pronouns (treated as -separate roots): d-íne (irč), d-íto (itň), d-iyŕn, d-oňn. - -(e) Words of manner with ga-: ga-áno, gá-no (anň), ga-yňn (iyňn). From -disjunctive forms: ga-nitň, ga-niyŕn, ga-noňn. Cf. also gáya like. - -Of similar formation: Ang butň nang haláma ng itň y gabútil nang -pálay. The seed of this plant is as large as a grain of rice (bútil -a kernel of grain). - -(f) saŕn (for sa anň?) is felt as a simple word. - - - - - - - - - -III. LIST OF FORMATIONS. - - -The formations with irregular affixes (515 ff.) have been omitted -from this list. - -The following regular features have been ignored: - -(1) Prefixes beginning with n-; these are the actual-mode forms of -prefixes beginning with m-, and are treated in the same paragraphs -as the latter. - -(2) Forms with doubling or reduplication of the root; also those with -accented reduplication (of root or prefix) expressing durative aspect; -these are treated in the same paragraphs as the corresponding forms -without reduplication. - -(3) Secondary accent, when not peculiar to prefixes. - -(4) Variations in position of accent. - -The numbers refer to paragraphs. - - - - - -A. FORMS WITHOUT PREFIX. - -(1) No affix: 332. 336. 338. 341-346. 348. 358. - -(2) Suffix only: - -an 31. 334,c. 374. 377-381. - -anan 377,b. - -han, -hanan see -an. - -hanin, -hin see -in. - -in 334,c. 359. 367. - -inan 377,b. - -nan see -an. - -nin see -in. - -(3) Infix only: - -in- 334,b,1. 359. 365. 366. - -in- -um- 359,a. - -um- 348. 349. 358. - -(4) Infix and suffix: - -in- -an 374. - -um- -in 359,a. - - - - - -B. FORMS WITH PREFIX. - -i- 31. 334,a,2.b,2. 368. 373. - i- -in- 368. - ika- 413. 416. - ikŕ- 417. - ikŕpa- 501. - ikŕpag- 418. - ikŕpagpa- 501,a. - ikin ... see ik ...; the -in- expresses actual mode. - ini- see i- -in-. - ipa- 494. - ipag- 369-371. - ipag- -an- 369,a. - ipagka- 414. 415. - ipagkŕpa- 501,a. - ipagma- 370. - ipagpa- 495. - ipaki- 394. - ipakipa- 496. - ipakipag- 395. - ipang- 372. - ipapang- 394,c. - ipin ... see ip ...; the -in- expresses actual mode. - - ka- 31. 76. 77. 179. 183. 334,a,2. 398. 400-402. - kŕ- 403. - ka- -an 419. 421-426. - kŕ- -an 428. 430. 431. - ka- -anan 423,b. - ka- -anin 421,a. - ka- -in- 412. - kŕka- 399. 404. - kamag- 398,a. - kamag- -an 423,b. - kamaka- 398,a. - kapa- -an 503. - kŕpa- -an 503,a. - kapag- 400,a. 486,c. - kapang- 400,b. - kapang- -an 421,b. 423,b. - kapŕpa- 486,b. - kay- see ka-. - kina- 412. - kina- -an 419. - kinŕ- -an 260. 503. - kinŕ- -anin 421,a. - kinapa- -an 503. - kuma- 404. - ma- 438 ff. 444. 449. 454. - mŕ- 463 ff. 469. - ma- -an 451. - mŕ- -an 475. - ma- -in 457. - mag- 34. 334,a,1. 350. 353-356. 358. - mag- -um- 352,c. - mag- -an 352,d. - mag- -in 352,d. 358,a. - magka- 405. 408. 409,a. - magkŕ- 410. 411. - magka- -an 427,a,c. - magkŕ- -an 430. - magkaka- 409. - magkaka- -an 427,d. - magkinŕka- 412,a. - magma- 352,c. 353,a. - magmŕ- 353,b. - magmaka- 453,a. - magpa- 489. - magpŕ- 489,d,e. - magpa- -um- 489,b. - magpŕ- -an 498,a. - magpaka- 499. - magpakama- 499,a. - magpakamŕ- 499,a. - magpapa- 489 f. - magpati- 513. - magsi- 385. - magsipa- 488,d. - magsipag- 386. - magsipag- -an 386,b. - magsipagka- 406. - magsipagpa- 489,a. - magsipang- 387. - mŕi- 474. - maipa- 507. - mŕipa- 509. - maipag- 450. - maipang- 450. - maka- 433 ff. 444. 453. - makŕ- 458 ff. 469. 473. 479. - mŕka- 470,a. - maka- -an 443. 454,c. - mŕka- -an 488. - makapa- 504. - makapag- 445. 447. - makapagpa- 505. - makŕpaki- 473,a. - makapang- 448. - makapang- -in 448,b. - maki- 390. - makipag- 391. - makipag- -an 391,a. - makipagka- -an 427,b. - makipang- 392. - mang- 334,a,4. 357. 358. - mŕng- 358,e. f. - mang- -in 357,a. - manga- 442. - mangŕ- 467. - manga- -an 421,a. - mangagsi- 385,a. - mangagsipag- 386,a. - mangaka- 442. - mangŕka- 442. 470,b. - mangŕpa- 508,a. - mapa- 506. - mŕpa- 508. - mŕpa- -an 510. - mapag- 446. 455. - mŕpag- 471. - mapag- -an 452. - mŕpag- -an 476. - mŕpagka- -an 488,a. - nŕpaka- 511. - mapang- 454,c. 456. - mŕpang- 472. - mŕpang- -an 477. - mŕpati- 514. - pa- 207. 481-484. 487. - pŕ- 487,d. 515,a. - pa- -an 497. - pŕ- -an 497,b. 498. - pa- -in 490. - pŕ- -in 490,a,b. - pag- 34. 274. 334,a,1. 348-356. - pag- -an 352,d. 375. - pag- -anan 375,b. - pag- -in 352,c. 360-363. - pag- -um- 352,c. - pagka- 274. 404. 433, ff. 444. 453,b. - pagkŕ- 274. 458 ff. 469. - pagka- -an 420. - pagkŕ- -an 429. - pagkaka- 405. 406. 407,a,b. - pagkakŕ- 410. 411. - pagkŕka- 470,a. - pagkaka- -an 427,a. - pagkakŕ- -an 430,a,b. - pagkŕpa- 508,c. - pagkapag- 445. 447. - pagkŕpag- 471. - pagkapang- 448. - pagkapang- -in- 448,b. - pagmama- 352,c. 353,a. - pagmamŕ- 353,b. - pagpa- 488. - pagpapa- 489. - pagpapŕ- -an 498,a. - pagpapa- -um- 498,b. - pagpapaka- 499. - pagpapakama- 499,a. - pagpapakamŕ- 499,a. - pai- 481,a. - paka- -an 502. - paka- -in 500. - paki- 389. - paki- -an 396. - paki- -in 393. - pakiki- 390. - pakikipag- 391. - pakikipag- -an 391,a. - pakikipagka- -an 427,b. - pakikipang- 392. - pakipag- -an 396,b. - panu- see pang-. - pang- 334,a,4. 347. 357. - pang- -an 376. - pŕng- -an 383. - pang- -in 357,a. 364. 367,b. - pŕng- -in 367,c. - panganga- -an 421,a. 422,a. - pangpa- 486,a. - papa- 485. - pŕpa- 488. - papa- -an 497,c. - papag- -in 491. 491,b. - papagpa- -in 493. - papang- 492. - pau- see pa-. - pin... see p...; the -in- expresses actual mode. - puma- 488. - - - - - - - - - -INDEX OF WORDS. - - -The words are arranged by roots, in accordance with the speech-feeling, -so far as ascertainable. The forms díne, díto, diyŕn, doňn have, -however, been given separate places. - -In using the index the sound-variations described in § 334 should -be kept in view. The forms are given with fullest accentuation and -vocalism (iy for y, uw for w after consonant), regardless of actual -occurrence. For e see i, for o see u. Foreign r is under d, f under p, -v under b. - -The brief indication of meaning after each form ignores shades of -meaning that would require long definitions; so especially factors -of involuntary or completed action and of ability (ka-, maka-, ma-) -and of accident or ability due to external causes (kŕ-, makŕ-, mŕ-). - -The references to occurrence have been limited by considerations -of space; the numbers refer to page and line; when in heavy type, -to paragraphs of the Grammatical Analysis. - -The following abbreviations are used: arch.: felt as archaic. C.: -Chinese. disj.: disjunctive form. E.: English. excl.: exclusive. id.: -the same meaning. incl.: inclusive. intr.: English definition to be -taken in intransitive sense. loc.: local. n.: name. pl.: the Tagalog -form is an explicit plural. prep.: prepositive. S.: Spanish [11]. tr.: -English definition to be taken in transitive sense. - - - - - -A - -a- see anň, ang. - -abŕ ah 151(14). - -abakŕ S. hemp 237(37). - --abála: pagabála a bothering; see Corrigenda. - nangabála made trouble 239(29). - kaabalahŕn trouble 302(14). - --abŕng: umabŕng watch for 226(23). - umáabŕng is lying in wait 64(41). - nakaabŕng is on guard 48(12). - -ábito S. vestment 98(20). - -abéynte-kuwátro S. twenty-fourth 110(11). - -abúbot belongings 118(23). - --ábot (a) overtake: abútan be reached 92(19). 299(38). - inabútan was overtaken 52(42). 84(34). 250(30). - inŕabútan is being reached 301(34). - paábot let oneself be overtaken 301(21). - paaábot pl. 46(11). - nagpaábot let himself be overtaken 52(28). - --(b) with accent-shift; reach for, take: umabňt reach for - 231(5). 237(20). reached for 231(6). - umáabňt reaches for 62(14). - pagabňt a reaching for 231(7). - nagáabňt is handing 237(17). - pagaabňt a handing 237(19). - inabňt was taken 30(10). - ináabot is being reached for 246(3). - iyabňt be handed 249(13). - iniyabňt was handed 30(13). 106(21). - iniyáabňt is being handed 249(12). - kaŕbútan one of two who hand to each other 278(4). - maabňt he reached 286(28). - maáabňt will be reached 20(27). - naabňt was reached 286(27). - pagkaabňt a reaching for see Corrigenda. - náabňt was reached 296(13). - pagkáabňt a reaching for see Corrigenda. - paabňt caused to be handed 300(23). - nagpaabňt caused to be handed 304(21). - ipinaabňt was caused to be handed 52(11). - --ága: umága morning -50(40). 62(36). 66(25). 120(19). 163(23). 190(24). 241(39). 262(5). - inůumága is being overtaken by morning 245(42). - magpaumága let oneself be overtaken by morning 304(18). - agáhan be done early 250(30). - maága early 312(27). - paága early rice 300(3). - pŕága be very early 301(36). - pŕagáhan be done very early 308(36). - -agŕd soon 32(22). 42(31). 48(26). 265(1). - agŕd-agŕd immediately 36(5). 48(37.40). 265(1). - -ágaw that snatched 220(17). - agŕw snatched 222(16). - umágaw snatched 226(24). - inágaw was snatched 250(11). - agawŕn a grabbing together 260(3). - pagaagawŕn a scrambling 108(25). - nagsěsipagagawŕn are scrambling 108(24). - naŕágaw can be seized 40(8). - makŕágaw seize 108(31). - -aginŕldo S. Christmas present; as n. 118(6). - nŕpangaginŕlduhan was given as a Christmas present 298(26). 307(21). - -ágos stream 16(3). - umŕágos is streaming 44(42). - -ŕguwa-bindíta S. holy-water 96(28). - -áhas snake 120(21). - --áhit: pangáhit razor 232(17). - nangáhit did shaving 167(2). - inahítan was shaved 250(32). - --áhon: umáhon go up 116(18). went up 226(25). - umŕáhon is going up 110(20). - ŕáhon will go up 263(26). - pagáhon a going up 226(27). - nagsiáhon went up, pl. 118(13). - ipinaáhon was caused to go up 120(16). - -akála` opinion 20(8). 98(15). 271. - pangakála panukála` thought 16(9). 224(40). 226(1). - nagakála` thought, planned 24(17). 50(13). - inakála` was thought 18(17.24). - inŕakála` is being thought 11(86). --ákap: nŕŕákap is embracing 66(40). - --ákay (a) lead: umŕákay is leading 22(31). - inákay was led 26(36). - (b) with accent-shift inakŕy young of animal 102(20). 247(13). - -ákin prep. and loc. of akň: my, me, by me 165. 169. 182. - --akiyŕt: umakiyŕt climb 22(39). climbed 16(15). - áakiyŕt will climb 22(36). - pagakiyŕt a climbing 24(6). - nagsísiakiyŕt are climbing 108(31). - ŕakiyatěn will be climbed 16(15). - makaakiyŕt be able to climb 108(28). - makaákiyŕt will be able to climb 22(37). - maakiyŕt be able to be climbed 16(13). - náakiyŕt got carried up 295(3). - paakiyŕt ask to be climbed with or for; caused to be climbed or - climbed for; climbing up 106(14). 299(6.37). 301(22.29). - paáakiyŕt will ask to be climbed with or for 301(38). 302(1). - napaakiyŕt asked to be climbed for 311(37). - -aklŕt book 154(28). - aklátan library 210(12). See báhay. - --akmŕ`: inakmaŕn was prepared for 70(29). - -akň I 16(17). 152(14). 63. Cf. ákin, ko. - -áko` person relieved 220(19). - pangáko` 233(35). - mangáko` promise 44(13). - ináko` was pledged for 220(19). 243(31). - ipinangáko` was promised 34(10). - pagkapangáko` a having promised 44(22). 287(29). - -alaála souvenir, present 72(37). 221(3). - pangalaála memory 116(24). - alalahánin be minded 104(33). - ŕalalahánin will be minded 243(34). - inŕalaála is being remembered 243(32). - naalaála was remembered 202(36). - nŕalaála was recalled 30(16). 72(23). 100(13). - nŕŕalaála is remembered. mŕalaála be recalled 86(3). - paalaála caused to be given as a souvenir 299(8). - pagpapaalaála a causing to be remembered 292(22). - --alága`: nagŕalága` is attending to 311(28). - -alagŕd assistant 114(12). - -aláhas (S.) jewelry 102(24). - -álak wine, liquor 221(6). - --alala see alaála. - --álam (a) know: mŕláman be known 22(35). 298(9). - mŕlŕláman will be known 42(37). - nŕláman was known 26(32). - nŕlŕláman is known 24(32). - mŕpagaláman be generally known 60(35). - paálam causing himself to be known (as leaving) 183(17). - ipinaálam was caused to be known (as leaving) 32(9). 306(4). - paaláman be made known 308(3). - paŕaláman will be made known 42(35). - napaálam caused himself to be known (as leaving) 54(12) - --(b) with accent-shift: alŕm known 300(32). - makialŕm interfere 58(42). 264(18). - pinakialamŕn was looked after 265(32). 290(32). - kaalŕm accomplice 267(1) and Corrigenda. - nakŕŕalŕm knows 42(14). - pagkáalŕm a knowing 82(9). 272(6). - nŕalamŕn got known 118(1). 298(14). - mŕpagalamŕn get generally known 118(42). 298(24). - ipaalŕm be given out to be known 307(3). - ipinaalŕm was given out to be known 307(4). - -alasěngko S. five o'clock 180(7). - -alasčs S. six o'clock 122(6). - -alaskuwátro S. four o'clock 172 (42). - magŕalaskuwátro will be four o'clock 66(34). - -alastrčs S. three o'clock 66(32). - -álat salty 218(37). - kaálat kayálat what saltiness 267(34). - kaalátan saltiness 267(27). - --álay: iniyálay was offered 16(5). - -áli aunt, madam 118(14). 151(36). 59. 256. - magáli aunt and niece or nephew 242(1). - -alikabňk dust 245(26). - maalikabňk dusty 289(1). - -alíla` servant, domesticated 54(7). 62(32). - aliláin be domesticated 106(40). - pagkŕpaalíla` a making a servant of oneself 104(2). - -alěn which? 22(37). 48(18.25.36). 97. - alěn-alěn pl. 97. - -alintána in spite 277. - inalintána was paid attention to 88(29). - -alípin slave 90(36). - --alipustŕ`: alipustaěn be mistreated 72(39). - -alěs go away 192(36). - umalěs go away 52(22). went away 20(36). - áalěs will go away 192(2). - pagalěs a going away 108(22). - nagsísialěs are going away 114(27). - nangagsialěs went away, pl. 120(39). - inalěs was removed 30(10). - iniyalěs was removed 248(6). - alisŕn be removed from 250(33). - ŕlísan a going away together 257(23). - nagŕlísan went away together 236(14). - nagŕŕlísan are going away together 96(15). - ikinaalěs was the cause of going away 271(41). - makaalěs be able to go away 78(11). - makaáalěs will be able to go away 42(38). 281(25). - nakaalěs has gone away 282(21). - pagkaalěs a having gone away 80(3). - mŕŕalěs will be removed 96(34). - papaalěs going away 300(39). - pinaalěs was caused to go away 32(34). - pinaáalěs is being caused to go away 64(23). - ipinaalěs was caused to be removed 70(4). 306(5). - mapaalěs be able to be caused to go away 122(21). - ikinápaalěs was the cause of ordering to go away 310(5). - ikinŕpŕpaalěs is the cause of ordering to go away 310(8). - tagaalěs remover 315(33). - tagapagpaalěs head remover 316(1). - -alitaptap firefly 40(15). - -Alfňnso S. n. 309(6). - --alsŕ S.: pagaalsŕ a raising 70(2). - -altŕr S. altar 96(17). - -aluwági (S.) carpenter 56(35). - pagaaluwági carpentry 58(2). - -amŕ father 30(26). 59. - magamŕ father and child 242(2). - magaamŕ father and children 242(27). - amaěn uncle 247(26). - magamaěn uncle and nephew or niece 242(25). - ináamŕ godfather 247(17). - -ámin prep. and loc. of kamě: our, us, by us excl. 165. 169. - námin disj. of us, by us 163. - umámin confessed 226(28). - ŕamínin will be owned up to 243(36). - inŕámin is being owned up to 243(35). - -Amérika S. America 189(29). - -amerikána S. European coat 281(5). - -Amerikáno S. American 56(30). - --ampŕt: maampŕt be able to be stopped 46(8). 259(30). - --ámo` (S. ?): inámo` was caressed 84(32). - inamů-amň` was repeatedly caressed 86(4). - -ámong (S.) sir, Father 20(37). 50(40). - --ámot sell, of other than professional merchant: umámot sold 226(30). - inamútan was sold to 246(41). - -an see anň. - --ának: magának family 165(17). 242(17). - kamagának relative 54(22). 266(34). - kamaganákan clan 112(26). 277(14). - angkŕn one's family 112(19). 260(39). - -anŕk son, daughter 30(25). - panganŕk infant 54(6). - kapangŕnákan birth, birthday 275(43). - panganganŕk a giving birth 220(24). - naipangánganŕk has just been born 36(16). 288(4). - -Andrčs S. n. 26(30). - -Andňy S. short-n. 208(1). - -áni harvest 191(32). - --ánib: pangánib danger 46(15). - mapangánib dangerous 289(21). - umánib make one's sleeping-mat overlap 226(30). - iyánib be made to overlap 248(7). - magkaánib overlapping each other 269(38). - -ánim six 52(44). 67. - pangánim number six 225(38). - ikaánim ikánim sixth 273(17). - makŕánim six times 298(32). - --anínaw: inanínaw was scrutinized 66(19). - -aniyáya invitation 219(28). - inaniyáhan was invited 250(34). - inŕaniyáhan is being invited 203(26). - -aniyň` aspect 20(12). - nagáaniyň` is behaving 40(40). - pagaaniyň` behavior 108(33). - -antimáno S. beforehand 20(39). 262(1). - -antňk sleepiness 84(14). - nagáantňk is sleepy 231(42). - nakapagáantňk causes to get sleepy 108(8). - -anň, an what? what kind of? 18(6). 22(21). 97. 179. 190. 264. - anň-anň pl. 114(16). 97. - nanganň did what? 239(29). - páno how? 155(21). 300(8). - papáno how? 18(11). 301(1). - gaáno gáno how great? 28(2). 316(28). 190. 247. See also saŕn. - -anúnas S. custard-apple, Anona reticulata L. 76(19). - -Ánong S. short-n. 286(38). - -ang the, a 45. 61-71. 75. 78. 108. 109. 115. 116. 119. 126. 130-133. -161. 168. 196. 246. 248. 253. - nang disj. the, a, of the, by the; when - 45. 119. 116-194. 253. 317(2). 340. 341 (3,d). - --angk see -ának. - -angkěn appropriated 60(20). - umangkěn appropriate 226(32). - angkiněn be appropriated 62(6). 243(39). - inangkěn was appropriated 16(8). - ináangkěn is being appropriated 243(37). - máangkěn get appropriated 308(20). - -ápat four 24(37). 67. - ŕápat only four 116(16). - ápat-ápat four at a time 223(41). - pangápat number four 225(36). - ikaápat ikápat fourth 82(16). - makŕápat makŕípat four times 298(36). - -Áfrika S. Africa 189(4). - --apt see atěp. - -apňy fire 22(6). - inapuyŕn was inflamed 94(29) and Corrigenda. - -áral doctrine 140(31). 223(23). - umáral arch. teach morals 233(22). - magáral study 18(7). 209(13). - magŕáral will study 217(28). - nagáral studied 30(5). - nagŕáral is studying 90(31). 233(22). - pagaáral a studying 28(3). - magsipagáral study pl. 262(34). - nagsěsipagáral are studying 38(5). - arálan be taught morals 250(36). - aralŕn study-room 238(6). - pagarálan be learned 168(1). - pinagarálan was studied 18(14). - pinagŕarálan is being studied 255(4). - makapagáral be able to study 34(33). - pinapagáral was caused to study 305(19). - ipapagáral be used for causing to study 88(11). - pŕaralŕn school 26(32). - -aráro S. plow 232(2). - pagaaráro a plowing 232(1). - magaaráro plowman 242(38). - ararúhin be plowed 243(40). - -áraw sun, day 16(11). 66(1). See also madalě`, kalaháti`. - áraw-gabě day and night 94(31). 257. 331. - áraw-áraw every day 58(7). 331. - kaarawŕn holiday 110(17). - tagáraw sunny season 34(27). 315(29). - -arŕy ouch 151(15). - -ári` that owned 42(2). 220(22). See also máy. - nagŕári` owns 40(17). - pagaári` possession 62(24). 102(31). - maári` be possible 168(18). - maŕári` will be possible 16(27). 46(12). - naári` was owned, became possible 104(12). 285(29). - naŕári` is possible 152(18). - pagkaári` possibility 80(30). - -aritmétika S. arithmetic 82(1). - -ŕrmas armŕs S. arms 106(26). 235(4). - -arsuběspo S. archbishop 96(10). - -artísta S. artist 90(10). - -ása expectation 72(7). 209(24). - pagása hope 56(19). 76(13). - --ásal: inásal conduct 34(24). - -asanŕ` (S. ?) a tree, Pterocarpus Indicus Willd. 263(25). - -asáwa husband, wife 30(39). 34(5). - magasáwa take a wife 78(38). married couple 30(25). 242(4). - magŕasáwa will take a wife 232(2). - nagasáwa took a wife 80(6). - pagaasáwa the taking a husband or wife 80(27). 92(9). - -ásim sourness 297(10). - maásim sour 289(1). - -asěn salt 30(11). - asnŕn be salted 250(37). - -aspilč S. pin 260(7.21). - -áso dog 18(8). - inŕáso is being chased 243(41). - naáso has been chased 284(9). - nŕáso got chased 292(42). - -asň smoke 64(33). - asuhŕn chimney 261(10) and Corrigenda. - pinaasuhŕn was smoked 308(4). - -asúkal S. sugar 198(31). - -asůl S. blue 122(2). - kayasůl what blueness 267(35). - -asuwŕng vampire 34(30). - magasuwŕng-asuwángan play vampire 237(9). - magŕasuwŕng-asuwángan will play vampire 237(7). - nagasuwŕng-asuwángan played vampire 34(26). - -at t and; for, that, though -15. 20. 37. 45. 49. 213. 289. 306. 312. 317. - -átas that prompted 98(33). - iniyátas was enjoined 54(42). - -ataňl S. coffin 116(1). - -atč (C.) oldest sister 59. 256. - magatč oldest sister with brother or sister 242(5). - -átin prep. and loc. of táyo: our, us, by us, incl. 165. 169. - nátin disj., of us, by us 163. - -atěp roofing 118(27). - pangatěp shingle 224(40). - aptŕn be roofed 250(38). - -átis custard-apple, Anona squamosa L. 76(20). - atísan grove of átis trees 261(10). - -atsára sour preserves 163(17). 299(11). - -áwa` (a) pity 46(22). - kŕwáwa` piteous 80(12). 267(29). - ikinaáwa` was the cause of pitying 272(1). - naáwa` pitied 285(16). - pagkaáwa` a pitying 285(40). - nagmŕmakaáwa` is calling forth pity 44(11). 288(36). - (b) accent shifted: awŕ` overcome by pity 222(17). - kaawaŕn be the object of pity 182(39). - kinaŕawaŕn is the object of pity 275(1). - nawŕ` pray 47. 225. - --áway: nagŕáway is fighting 232(4). - pagaáway a fighting 306(18). - nakipagáway fought along 264(24). - nakěkipagáway fights along 264(21). - kaáway enemy 18(11). - kaŕáway there has just been quarreling 267(12). - mapagawŕy quarrelsome 186(33). - mŕpagáway be matched 297(10). - -áwit song 280(39). - awítan be sung to 250(38). - magŕwítan sing together 183(11). - nagŕŕwítan are singing together 236(27). - -ay y is; then 15. 20. 37. 45. 49. 89. 119. - -áyap condiment 244(2) and Corrigenda. - nangáyap ate relishes 239(31). - ináyap was used as a condiment 244(1). - paáyap given to be used as a condiment 299(12). - nagpaáyap served a relish 302(28). - -áyaw (a) not desired 30(5.37). 40(30). 239. 267. - pagáyaw unwillingness 226(32). - (b) accent shifted: umayŕw refused, left the table 231(12). - pagayŕw refusal 94(17). 231(9). - nakaayŕw has left the table 286(25). - pagkáayŕw dislike 70(13). - -áyon according to 40(3). 278. - umáyon agreed 30(4). - nakaáyon has come to be in accordance 281(3). - paayňn conforming 300(13). - -áyos formation 48(4.15) 90(11). - mapagáyos be able to be straightened 287(6). - mapŕpagáyos will be able to be put into shape 287(7). - - - - - -B(V) - -bŕ interrogative particle 47. 215. 223. 229. 299. - --bába` (a) bumába` became low 226(35). - kababáan lowness, south 62(15). 163(26). 241(19). - mabába` low, humble 104(27). 289(2). - (b) Accent shifted: babŕ` low; come down 223(16) and see páko`. - bumabŕ` descended 36(35). - ibabŕ` south 56(24). 163(26). See also bandŕ. - --bábag: bŕbábag will fight 226(37). - nagbábabŕg are fighting each other 237(25). - pagbababŕg a fighting together 252(14). - nakipagbabŕg fought along 264(37). - --bábaw: bumábaw became shallow 258(40). - ibábaw top surface 66(28). - kababáwan shallowness 88(30). - mabábaw 88(26). 220(8). - -babáyi babái female, woman 30(32). 163(13). nagbabá-babayíhan played -woman 237(14). - -báboy pig 36(13). - --badiyŕ: náibadiyŕ got spread abroad 24(33). - -bagŕ really? 22(21). 47. 216. 290. 219. 317(3). - --bagábag: nabagábag grew uneasy 120(37). - --bágal: mabágal slow 18(4). - -bágay thing, circumstance 28(1). 36(22). - bágay-bágay various things 116(33). - ibinŕbágay is being adapted 248(9). - nŕbŕbágay is suitable 78(34). - -bagiyň hurricane 273(8). - --bagsŕk: ibinagsŕk was dropped 271(24). - --bagsěk: mabagsěk violent 42(3). 44(30). - mababagsěk pl. 102(19). - maghimagsěk come to violence 314(27). - naghimagsěk came to violence 236(5). - nagsipaghimagsěk revolted, pl. 263(12). - nanghimagsěk resorted to violence 241(18). - nagsipanghimagsěk pl. 263(30). - hěmagsíkan internal warfare 258(13). 314(28). - naghěmagsíkan fought each other 236(23). - nagsipaghěmagsíkan pl. 263(13). - paghihěmagsíkan internal warfare 52(42). 116(12). - panghihěmagsíkan id. 241(11). - -bágo new; before 18(37). 36(32). 291. - kabŕbágo newly 54(6). - nabŕbágo has been changed 64(35). - -bahŕ` flood 98(17). 110(23). - bumábahŕ` there is a flood 110(19). - pagbahŕ` a flooding 110(21). - -bahági part 82(17). - -bahagiyŕ slight 201(21). - -báhay (a) house 34(21). See also kápit, tánod. - báhay-aklátan library-building 210(11). - báhay-báta` womb 210(23). - báhay-gúya` womb of animal 210(24). - báhay-pŕhayagŕn newspaper-office 210(25). - báhay-pŕmahaláan government building 292(21). - Báhay-paníki place-n. 210(25). - báhay-pintáhan paint-house 210(26). - báhay-sangláan pawnshop 252(22). - báhay-tůlúyan inn 112(38). - bahŕy-bahŕy various houses 52(15). 110(36). - magbáhay build a house 232(5). - pamamáhay household 70(26). - kabahayŕn house containing several dwellings 120(3). furnishings - of a house 276(5). - --(b) Accent shifted: bahŕy tame, shy 222(19). - nabábahŕy is shy 286(29). - -baět good conduct 165(1). - kabŕítan kindness, virtue 74(41). - mabaět well-behaved 84(11). - mababaět pl. 34(35). - -báka S. cow 112(40). - -bákal iron 201(30). 220(5). - -bakŕs mark, in: bakŕs-súgat mark of a wound 46(6). - -bakasiyňn S. vacation 26(35). - --bakěl: bakěl-bakěl uneven 220(2). - -bákit why? 18(7). 236. - -bakiyŕ` sandal 245(20). - -bákod fence 266(6). - pangbákod used in making a fence 225(2). - bakúran be fenced in 250(40). yard, grounds 34(38). - -bákol open bamboo basket without handle 74(5). - -bála any 186(18). 271(22). 66. 132. - -bála S. bullet 52(36). - -balahíbo fur 212(18). - -baláe person whose son or daughter one's daughter or son has married; -old friend 207(35). 266(5). - magbaláe two people whose children have intermarried 242(8). 269(42). - magbabaláe pl. 240(28). - kabaláe one's baláe 266(2). - magkabaláe two fellow baláe 269(40). - -bálak plan 287(11). - binálak was planned 18(34). - -bálang locust 267(27). - -balŕt skin, shell 16(18). 30(10). - -báli S. matter, harm 52(6). 42(5). - balatŕn be peeled 200(24). - -báli` break 219(29). - ipinagkákabalč` is the cause of breaking in numbers 273(7). - makabále` be able to break 281(26). - nabále` was broken 284(32). - nabŕbále` is interrupted 104(4). - mabalían be broken in 70(18). - nabalían was broken in 62(27). - --balěk: bumalěk come back 66(17). 233(17). came back 20(40). - bábalěk will come back 32(27). - bumábalěk is coming back 66(24). - magbalěk come back to 233(18). - nagbalěk came back to 72(11). 283(4). - pagbalikŕn be come back to 255(5). - pagbŕbalikŕn will be come back to 32(28). 255(5). - makabábalěk will be able to go back 56(31). - pabalěk going back 299(13.27.39). - pagpapabalěk a causing to go back 48(20). - pinabalěk was caused to go back 68(41). - ipinabábalěk is being sent back 48(7). - -balíkat shoulder 48(19). - -balíta` that reported; famed 34(29). 36(2). - magbalíta` relate 42(24). - nagbalíta` related 118(35). - pamamalíta` a relating of stories 102(12). - ibalíta` be reported 88(39). - ibinalíta` was reported 32(8). - ipamalíta` be related 275(18). - ipinamalíta` was related 22(27). - binalitáan was narrated to 250(42). - pagbabŕlitaŕn a reporting by many 102(13). - pinakibalitáan was ascertained by report 102(42). 265(30). - nŕbalíta` got related 46(18). - nŕbŕbalíta` gets related 48(26). - pagkŕbalíta` a getting narrated 272(42). - mŕbalitáan be learned by report 56(18). - nŕbalitáan was learned by report 38(12). - -Balíwag place-n. 173(9). See báyan, daŕn. - -balúbad casoy, Anacardium occidentale L. 76(20). - -baluktňt crooked 218(38). - balú-baluktňt variously bent 290(33). - bumaluktňt bend; bent 226(39). 233(25). - magbaluktňt bend in quantity 233(24). - pagbabaluktňt a bending 48(15). - -balňn a well 24(37). - --bálot: bumálot roll up 226(40). 233(27). - magbálot roll up in quantity; wrap oneself up 233(26). - magbalňt roll up variously 52(21). - nagbalňt rolled up variously 52(35). - nagsipagbalňt pl. 118(13). - nabálot has been wrapped up 284(10). - nabŕbálot is wrapped up 36(39). - nŕbálot got wrapped up 198(8). 255(40). - -bambň club 70(17). - pangbambň club for beating 225(2). - nangbábambň is beating 239(32). - bambuhěn be beaten 70(29). - binambň was beaten 72(10). - --banŕl: kabŕnálan act of piety 78(33). - -banáyad gentle 48(17). - -bŕnda S. band, orchestra 48(31). - bŕnda-ng-músika band of music 48(30). - -bandŕ direction 18(22). - bandŕ ng ibabŕ` south - mábandŕ-ng-ibabŕ` get turned towards the south 296(21). - bandŕ ng kaliwŕ`, kánan see dúlo. - bandŕ ng kataasŕn north - nŕbŕbandŕ-ng-kataasŕn is turned toward the north 296(20). - bandáhin direction headed for 294(24). - -bandíla` S. flag 234(14). - -baněg sleeping-mat 62(35). - -bantŕy watcher 80(18). - bantŕy-pálay rice-guard 228(17). - bantŕy-pintň` door-keeper 78(31). - magbantŕy stand guard 38(14). - pagbabantŕy a guarding 36(18). - bantayŕn be guarded 251(2). - bantáyan sentry-box 248(16). - -Bantňg family-n. 165(17). - -bangŕn granary 270(33). - --banggět: binanggět was mentioned 90(23). - nábanggět got mentioned 50(11). - -bangkŕ` canoe 20(3). - mamangkŕ` go boating 28(12). - magsipamangkŕ` pl. 263(21). - namámangkŕ` is boating 20(2). - nagsísipamangkŕ` pl. 98(17). - pamamangkŕ` a boating 239(32). - pagbabangkáan boating-party 112(13). - bangkéro boatman 80(34). 316(11). - -bangkŕy corpse 46(30). - -bŕngko S. banking-house 227(18). - -bangkň` S. bench 30(29). - --bangň`: mabangň` fragrant 278(15). - pabangň` perfume 222(38). - --bángon: nagbŕbángon is getting up 70(36). - kabŕbángon there has been getting up 267(13). - -bapňr S. steamship 56(24). - --barŕ: barŕ-barŕ unruly 273(37). - -baráha S. cards 173(3). - -baráso S. arm 138(31). - -barbéro S. barber 24(35). - -barěl gun 36(20). - nagsipamarěl went shooting, pl. 28(25). - pamamarěl a shooting 230(9). - pinagbábarěl is being shot 56(26). - barěl-barílan toy-gun 261(35). 293(18). - maipabarěl be caused to be shot 52(23). 312(9). - nábarěl got shot 56(29). - -báriyo S. district of a town 70(11). - -báro` blouse 205(20). - magbarň` put on one's clothes 237(26). - pamamáro` clothing 110(33). - --bása: pagbása reading 227(3). - binása was read 299(18). - binŕbása is being read 172(6). - basáhan be read to 251(2). - basahŕn reading-room 137(16). - mabása be able to be read 186(2). - nabása has been read 244(3). 284(11). - mŕbása get read 52(12). - nŕbása got read 86(19). 293(2). - pabása gospel-reading ordered by a communicant 251(13). - --basŕ`: nagsísipagbasŕ` are getting themselves wet 110(23). - nakabasŕ` caused to be wet 201(22). - -básag a breaking, in: - básag-úlo a head-smashing, free-for-all fight 262(7). - básag-uléro ruffian 316(13). - basŕg broken 30(10). - mabásag be broken 30(8). 283(21). 284(35). - nabásag has been broken 296(14). - mŕbásag get broken 293(4). - --bastŕ`: nagbastŕ` packed up 232(5). - pagbabastáan a packing up together 118(17). - -báso S. drinking-glass 137(39). - -báta` boy, girl 30(33). See also báhay. - bináta` young man 90(28). - pagkabáta` childhood 86(22). 285(41). - -batalŕn platform of house 72(14). - -Bathála` God 54(42). 59. - --bátis: nagbŕbátis is fording 104(42). - binátis was forded 244(4). - -batň stone 30(7). 220(4). - binatň was stoned 303(30). - -báo cocoanut-shell 108(32). 163(13). - -báo widower, widow 163(29). 256. - nabáo was widowed 80(29). 285(29). - -baňl S. box, trunk 268(8). - -báon provisions 28(27). - --baňn: pagbabaňn a burying 54(29). - mábaňn get buried 54(17). - magpabaňn cause to be buried 54(24). - ipinabaňn was caused to be buried 54(30). - -báwal forbidden 218(39). - -báwang garlic 36(22). - -báwat every 24(40). 48. 66. 132. 246. - --báwi`: bŕbawíin will be taken back 244(4) and Corrigenda. - ikinabáwi` was the cause of being taken back 272(3). - --báya` (a) bayáan be permitted 46(37). 48(13). - binayáan was permitted 78(31). - binŕbayáan is being permitted 286(38). - paubáya` permitted 300(9). - magpŕpabáya` will be neglectful 106(32). - nagpabáya` was neglectful 302(29). - pabayáan be left alone 308(7). - pinabayáan was left alone, not interfered with - 168(23). 169(42). 308(6). - (b) Accent shifted: pabayŕ` neglectful 300(25). - kapabayaŕn neglectfulness 310(39). - pabayaŕn be permitted 52(8). 237(29). 308(34). - -bayábas see biyábas. - -báyad payment 54(9). - báyad-útang debt-payment 178(29). - bayŕd paid 222(22). - magbáyad pay 54(23). - nagbáyad paid 232(6). - bŕbayáran will be paid to 54(29). - binayáran was paid 54(11). - binŕbayáran is being paid for 74(3). - pagbayáran be settled with 54(32). - pagbŕbayáran will be settled for 58(27). - pinagbayáran was settled for 255(6). - pinagbŕbayáran is being atoned for 74(21). - makabŕbáyad will be able to pay 114(41). - -báyan town, district 22(27). See also kápit, táo. - báya-ng-Balíwag the town of Baliuag 20(3). - báya-ng-Kamálig 92(15). - báya-ng-Malólos 38(5). - báya-ng-Marikína 96(38). - báya-ng-Mayníla` 256(30). - báya-ng-San-Migčl 50(14). - bayŕn-bayŕn various towns 50(8). - namŕmáyan is dwelling in a town 50(34). - kababáyan fellow-townsman 60(12). 267(3). 291(37). - magkababáyan two or more fellow-townsmen 26(31). 270(10.17). - makabáyan patriotic 288(30). - -bayŕw wife's brother, sister's husband 54(8). - magbayŕw two men, one of whom has married the other's sister 242(9). - --báyo: ibáyo far side 80(36). - --bayň: pangbayň pestle 225(3). - magbayň pound rice 232(7). - magbabáyo rice-pounder 242(40). - -bayúgin a tree, Pterospermum 237(39). - -bayňng palm-leaf sack 74(5). - -bíbas jester 98(30). - -biběg mouth 30(20). - -Bigaŕ place-n. 116(25). - -bigŕs hulled rice 104(15). - magbigŕs hull rice 232(8). - magbibígas rice-dealer 242(41). - bigasŕn be supplemented with rice 251(3). containing uncooked - rice 261(10). - běgásan rice-mill 203(3). - Běgása-ng-Sumúlong-at-Kasamahŕn Rice-Mill of Sumulong and Company - 210(34). - -bigŕt weight 226(36). - kabigatŕn heaviness 158(12). - nakabíbigŕt is making heavy 32(10). - mabigŕt heavy, grave 58(34). - mabibigŕt pl. 118(22). - pabigŕt weighting 110(7). - nápakabigŕt too severe 313(10). - -bigŕy that given 220(24). - bigŕy-loňb favor 210(27). - pagbibigŕy-loňb a doing favors 60(23). 235(26). - nagbigŕy gave 76(35). - nagbíbigŕy is giving 60(38). - pagbibigŕy a giving 50(30). - ibigŕy be given 42(43). - ibíbigŕy will be given 16(28). - ibinigŕy was given 20(14). - ibiníbigŕy is being given 40(11). - bigyŕn be given to 26(2). - běbigyŕn will be given to 74(42). - binigyŕn was given to 32(15). - běgáyan receiver 258(22). - kaběgáyan one of two who give to each other 277(36). - mapagbigŕy over-indulgent 289(25). - tagapagbigŕy hander-out 315(41). - --bigkŕs: nagbíbigkŕs is pronouncing 231(24). - biníbigkŕs is being pronounced 98(38). - -biglŕ` suddenly 82(40). - pabiglŕ` in sudden manner 68(10). - -bigtě strangled 223(24). - bumigtě strangled 227(3). - pagbigtě a strangling 227(4). - nagbigtě strangled himself 233(29). - pagbibigtě a strangling oneself 233(29). - bigtihěn be strangled 22(22). - bigtíhan gallows 279(19). - -béha cigarette-stub 205(21). - -bíhag captive 233(1). - -bihása` skilled 46(12). - -bihíra` seldom, rare 40(26). 42(21). 72(29). 106(39). 110(29). 112(13). - magkŕbihíra` occur at odd times 114(27). 271(9). - -bíhis that donned 220(26). - bihěs dressed up 222(23). - nagbíhis dressed himself up 232(10). - nagběbíhis is dressing himself up 32(37). 96(21). - magsipagbíhis dress up, pl. 262(35). - makapagbíhis have dressed oneself 96(24). - pinapagbíhis was ordered to dress himself 32(14). - -biěk young pig 72(36). - --bilŕ`: kabilŕ` other side 16(23). 266(6). - magkábilŕ` be on both sides 16(7). 271(11). - -bílang number 24(5). - bilŕng counted 222(24). - pagbílang a counting 285(24). - běbilángin will be counted 24(4). - mabílang having a number 114(1). - pagkŕbílang count 291(2). - tagabílang counter 315(34). - -bilanggň` prisoner 258(24). - ibíbilanggň` will be put into prison 100(28). - ibinilanggň` was put into prison 248(12). - bělanggúan prison 201(31). - nábilanggň` got jailed 38(2). 198(1). - ipabíbilanggň` will be caused to be put in prison 100(15). - -bilŕs wife's sister's husband 242(11). - magbilŕs two men whose wives are sisters 242(10). - -biláo large flat basket 74(5). 108(17). - -bilě that bought 308(26). - bilě nang bilě keeps buying 177(8). - pangbilě used for buying 255(34). - bumilě buy 120(19). - pagbilě a buying 223(21). - magbilě sell 249(22). - nagbilě sold 233(30). - nagbíbilě is selling 233(31). - pagbibilě a selling 252(19). - namilě bought in quantity 239(33). - namímilě is shopping 249(9). - běbilhěn will be bought 203(18). - binilě was bought 163(40). - pinamilě was bought in quantity 246(41). - ipagbilě be sold 98(36). - ipinabilě was sold 249(21). - ipinagbíbilě is being sold 74(8). - binilhŕn was bought from 251(5). - pinagbilhŕn was sold to 255(8). - bělíhan market 258(24). - ikabilě be the cause of buying 186(10). - nakábilě happened to buy 56(38). - mŕběbilě will get bought 203(37). - pabilhěn be caused to buy 34(5). - makapagpabilě be able to cause to be bought 286(39). - -bílin commission, errand 221(27). - --bilmět: pamilmět used as fish-pole 249(28). - -bílog circle 112(2). - bilňg rounded, round 222(25). - bumílog turned on a lathe 227(6). - namílog turned 188(26). - binílog was turned 244(5). - biněbílog is being turned 244(6). - kabilúgan roundness 38(17). 152(17). 276(27). - nŕběbílog gets turned 293(36). - pabilňg in a circle, spherically 46(40). 48(4). 110(41). - --bendisiyňn S.: magbendisiyňn give blessing 96(26). - nagbébendisiyňn is blessing 98(3). - pagbebendisiyňn a blessing 54(32). - binčbendisyunŕn is being blessed 114(19). - pagkabendisiyňn a having blessed 64(29). - pagkábendisiyňn a having chanced to bless 56(8). - pabendisyunŕn be caused to be blessed 54(17). - -bendíta S.: holy 96(25). - --biniyŕg: nagbíbiniyŕg is baptizing 98(2). - binyágan person baptized 314(20). - -bintána` S. window 70(30). - -bintŕng suspicion 36(29). - nagbintŕng suspected 38(24). - pagbintangŕn be suspected 20(9). - pinagbintangŕn was suspected 16(21). - nŕpŕpagbintangŕn gets suspected 20(35). - palabintángin given to suspicion 315(7). - -bingě deaf 86(23). 167(8). - ikinabingě was the cause of being deaf 295(17). - nakabíbingě causes deafness 219(42). - nábingě got deaf 295(12). - -bíngit edge, brink 180(34). - bumíngit went to the brink 227(7). - ibiníngit was put on the edge 248(13). - biningítan was approached up to the brink 251(7). - kinŕběbingítan is been on the brink of 52(31). - napabíngit go to the brink 312(2). - -birtůd S. occult quality 60(10). - -bíro` joke 220(27). - pangbibíro` a joking 40(39). - -biróke S. blow-gun bullet 212(31). - -bčsbol E. baseball 48(2). - nagbčbčsbol is playing baseball 135(28). - -bisěg arm, stick 70(28). 84(10). - -bisíta S. visitor, visitors 305(5). chapel 251(13). - -bísiyo S. vice 163(21). 221(14). - -bistŕy sieve 74(5). - magbibistŕy screener 242(38). - -bitŕk crack 32(5). - --bitŕw: binitŕwan was let go of 66(34). 254(24). - mangákabitŕw relax their hold 78(15). - --bítay: ipabítay be caused to be hanged 52(6). - -bitbět that carried by a part of it 122(2). - binitbět was carried 52(37). - pagkábitbět the way of holding 253(24). - --bitěw: bumitěw let go 174(22). - bitíwan be let go of 76(10). 254(25). - binitíwan was let go of 44(22). - pinagbitiwŕn was variously let go of 256(16). - mabitíwan be let go of 44(21). 288(23). - -bitúka intestine 38(30). - -bitóke (S.) blow-gun bullet 212(31). - -biyábas bayábas S. guava, Pisidium guayava -L. 236(17). 256(38). 283(11). - magsěsipamiyábas will go guava-picking, pl. 263(22). - --biyábit: nangakabiyábit were hanging 34(28). - --biyábo: pagbibiyábo swinging the feet 232(11). - pinagběbiyabúhan is being swung on 255(10). - --biyŕk: biniyŕk was split 244(7) Corrigenda. - kabiyŕk half, side 112(40). - -Biyŕrnes-Sŕnto Biyernesŕnto S. Good Friday 20(1). - -biyátiko S.: viaticum 98(3). - -biyŕy that given liberty in a closed space 220(27). - nagbiyŕy set loose 232(13). - nagpabiyŕy caused to be set loose 302(20). - pŕbiyáyan place for giving temporary liberty 88(26). 309(6). - -Viyóla S. family-n. 277(16). - -bóbo clown 241(34). - --bubňng: bubungŕn roof 38(22). - -bubuwět a kind of mouse 224(27). - --budbňd: ibinudbňd was strewn 32(18). - -bugtňng riddle 222(3). - nagsěsipagbugtúngan tell each other riddles 114(32). - -bugňk rotten, crazy 218(40). - -buhángin sand 68(4). - kabuhangínan beach 68(4). - --búhat: bumúhat lifted 189(34). - buhátin be lifted 283(29). - -búhay life 18(10). See also hánap. - buhŕy alive 92(19). - namůmúhay is leading a life 104(27). - pamumúhay way of living 30(30). - ikabůbúhay will be the means of living 34(25). - kabuháyan livelihood 32(12). - mabůbúhay will live 58(30). - nabúhay lived 285(29). - nabůbúhay is living 72(17). - pagkabúhay a coming to life; staple food 285(41). 288(38). - pagkŕbúhay a lucky bringing to life 291(36). - -búho` slender bamboo, Dendrocalamus 18(3). - -buhňk hair 24(31). - -buhňl knot 274(29). - magbuhňl tie a knot 232(14). - --búhos: ibinúhos was poured 30(20). - -búkas tomorrow 88(13). 262(2). - kinŕbukásan when the next day came 48(41). 190(27). 279(24). - -bukŕs opened 223(26). - bumúbukŕs is opening, intr. 227(10). - magbukŕs open, tr. 228(35). - pagbubukŕs an opening, tr. 26(31). - buksŕn be opened 78(30). - binuksŕn was opened 78(31). - bůkásan aperture 84(43). - mabuksŕn be opened 86(1). 120(21). - nŕbuksŕn came open 22(2). 188(9). - -búkid field, estate, country 38(8). 74(1). 90(7). - bukirěn estate, fields 92(35). - -búko unripe cocoanut 316(8). - tarabúko trabúko bald-headed 316(7). - -bukňd beside, in addition to 54(5). 279. - magkabukňd two separately 269(43). - magkakabukňd pl. 279(9). - --búkol: bukulŕn covered with bumps 62(26). - nagkŕkabúkol is getting bumps 62(16). - -bóla S. ball 46(38). - --búlag (a) nakabůbúlag is causing blindness 280(35). - mŕbúlag get blinded 255(38). - (b) Accent shifted: bulŕg blinded, blind 22(29). - nábulŕg went blind 296(16). - -búlak cluster of capoc cotton 247(2). - Bulakŕn place-n. 110(13). 260(5). - -bulaklŕk flower 189(2). - --bulěd: ibinulěd was pushed off 26(7). - -bulsŕ S. purse 112(21). - --búlo: kabuluhŕn importance 42(15). - makabuluhŕn important 271(16). 289(23). - -bulňk rotten 218(40). - nangabulňk became rotten, pl. 306(27). - palabůlúkin easily decaying 315(8). - --bulňng: kabůlúngan one of two who whisper together 277(38). - pabulňng in whispers 114(5). - -bundňk mountain 116(18). See also paŕ. - namundňk took to the mountains 52(38). - pamumundňk a living in the mountains 52(42). - -buntěs pregnant 36(17). - -buntňn heap 116(34). - -buntňt tail, train 240(41). 244(40). 253(8). - buntútan tail-end 72(3). - --bunň`: nagbunň` wrestled 66(32). - nagbúbunň` is wrestling 86(40). - pagbubunň` a wrestling 252(25). - nakipagbunň` engaged in wrestling 66(27). - kabunň` person with whom one wrestles 66(34). - --búnot: bunňt plucked up 225(26). cocoanut-fibre 221(11). - bumúnot plucked up 227(11). - nagbunňt plucked up in quantity 237(27). - -búnga fruit; betel-fruit 16(15). 247(3). - búnga-ng-káhoy fruit of a tree 36(1). - magbúnga bear fruit 16(12). - -bungánga` maw 212(35). - -bungbňng piece of unsplit bamboo 110(31). - --búrol: ibinůbúrol is being laid in state 112(30). - kinŕbůburúlan is being lain in state in 114(4). - -busábos slave 90(36). - -bóses S. voice 74(19). - -Bůstos S. place-n. 100(12). See also lúpa`. - -busňg satiated 223(27). - pŕbusugěn be well fed up 305(10). - -bútas hole, hollow space 86(11). 104(10). - bútas-karáyom needle's-eye 22(27). - bumútas make a hole 86(5). - binútas was pierced 106(20). - makabútas have made a hole 86(8). - nabútas has been perforated 86(8). - nŕbůbútas gets perforated 106(37). - pinabútas was caused to make a hole 86(9). - -bóte S. bottle 120(22). - -búti goodness 218(23). - butíhan be done well 220(10). - ikinabúti was the cause of improvement 287(43). - kabutíhan excellence, advantage 58(2). 62(3). - makabůbúti will cause to improve 28(35). - nakabůbúti causes to be well 226(33). - mabúti good, well 16(9). - mabubúti pl. 102(5). - nŕbúti got better, reached a high point 294(22). 295(12). - pinakamabúti best 230(10). - nŕpakabúti extreme 313(11). - -botikáriyo S. apothecary 54(2). - -bútil kernel of grain 316(33). - gabútil as large as a grain 316(31). - --bóto S.: bumóto voted 227(13). - -butň bone, seed 42(5). 108(7). - -boň` buň` whole, entire 34(29). 66. 98. 261. - --buwŕl: nagbuwŕl felled 199(25). 232(14). - ibuwŕl be felled 178(33). - ibinuwŕl was felled 270(27) - nabuwŕl has been felled 253(4). 294(5). - -buwŕn moon, month 38(18). 110(13). - -buwěs interest on money 227(18). - -buwísit repulsive 98(16). 219(1). - binuwísit was annoyed 58(26). - kinŕbůbuwisítan is being abhorred 94(27). - - - - - -D(R) - -daŕn raŕn hundred 52(43). 17. 134. - -daŕn way, road 32(3). - daŕ-ng-Balíwag road to Baliuag 220(3). - magdaŕn pass by 68(7). - nagdaŕn passed by, past 24(40). 76(36). - nagdádaŕn is passing by 26(11). - pagdadaŕn a passing by 254(20). - idaŕn be left on the way 248(15). - dinaanŕn was run over, was called for on the way 251(9). 254(29). - dinaánan was assailed 254(25). - dinŕdaánan is being assailed 254(27). - pinagdŕdaanŕn is being gone through 30(30). 82(7). - pinagdaánan was traversed 32(24). 256(10). - dŕánan usual route 258(26). - nagdŕdŕánan are passing on the way 234(31). - makaraŕn have passed 16(11). - nakaraŕn has passed 18(38). - pagkaraŕn a having passed 24(11). - nakáraŕn nakádaŕn came upon 18(32). - paraŕn manner, means 42(12). - -dagŕ` rat 84(20). - --dagŕn: dinaganŕn was lain upon 44(38). - magkádagŕn be one on top of the other 270(24). - magkŕkŕdagŕn will be one on top of the other 270(26). - nagkádagŕn were one on top of the other 270(30). - nagkŕkŕdagŕn are one on top of the other 270(33). - nagkŕkŕdagŕn-dagŕn pl. 108(24). - -dágat sea 110(19). - dagŕt-dagátan lake 261(34). - -dágok blow with the fist 256(23) - pinagdadagukŕn was variously struck at 84(21) and Corrigenda. - pinagdŕdadagukŕn is being variously struck at 256(22). - -dáhil cause 16(4). 78(33). 143(15). 206(10). 280. - dahilŕn cause 22(6). 280. - nagdŕdahilŕn is alleging as cause 187(10). - -dáhon leaf 16(9). - nagdŕdáhon is putting out leaves 232(16). - -dáing that laid open 250(37). - daěng laid open 222(29). - dináing was laid open 244(7). - --daěng: dumádaěng is complaining 40(41). - --dáka: pagdáka immediately 18(42). - karáka-ráka at once 207(20). 267(30). - pagkaráka at once 288(40). 265(5.9). - -dála fishnet 240(7). - dinála was caught with the net 244(8). - -dalŕ that borne 34(22) 38(27.34). - dumalŕ bear up 233(16). - dumádalŕ is bearing up 227(14). - magdalŕ bring, carry 106(32). 233(17). - nagdalŕ brought 28(27). - nagdádalŕ is bringing 48(33). 72(35). 233(32). - pagdadalŕ a bringing 251(12). - dalhěn be carried 32(2). - dŕdalhěn will be carried 34(4). - dinalŕ was carried 56(24). - dinádalŕ is being carried 40(19). - dalhŕn be carried to 251(11). - makadádalŕ will be able to carry 178(39). - nakapagdalŕ was able to bring 286(35). - nakapagdádalŕ nakapápagdalŕ nakákapagdalŕ is able to bring 286(36). - madalŕ be able to be carried 16(4). 283(25). - madádalŕ will be able to be carried 34(31). - nadalŕ was able to be carried 283(22). - nádalŕ got carried off 293(6). - nagpadalŕ caused to be carried, sent 264(3). - pagpapadalŕ a sending 48(17). - ipadalŕ be sent 22(19). - ipinadalŕ was sent 90(32). 306(7). - ipinadádalŕ is being sent 74(6). - ipinagpapadalŕ were repeatedly sent 58(25). 307(26). - pinadalhŕn was sent to 58(6). - máipadalŕ get sent 58(19). - -dalága young woman 36(26). - -dalamháti` grief 219(31). - pagdadalamháti` a grieving 74(13). - pakikipagdalamháti` a grieving along 112(26). - kadalamhatían grief 276(28). - -dalandŕn orange 76(20). - --dálang: dumálang became infrequent 26(10). - madálang infrequent 289(4). - padalángin be made infrequent 304(35). - pŕdalangěn be made very infrequent 305(14). - -dalanghíta` tangerine 294(28). - --dalángin: panalángin prayer 94(33). - --dalŕs: dumádalŕs is growing frequent 68(16). - kadalasŕn frequency, frequently 40(40). 186(22). 262(4). - madalŕs frequent 46(24). 269(1). - -dálaw visitor 112(29). - dumálaw paid a visit 64(9). - dumŕdálaw pays a visit 112(36). - nagsěsidálaw pl. 112(25). - pagdálaw a visiting 86(28). - -dalawŕ see -lawŕ. - -dalě` hasten 221(41). - dálě-dáli` very quickly 34(1). 224(13). - daliŕn be done quickly 251(12). - madalě` quick, soon 94(28). 102(11). 166(16). - madalě ng áraw: nagmŕmadalě-ng-áraw it is dawning 235(21). - --magmadalě` be quick 34(9). - magmámadalě` will hurry 235(38). - pagmamadalě` a hurrying 293(11). - -dalíri` finger 185(21). - --dalň: dumalň come for a purpose, to aid 34(1). 38(11). 304(1). - nagsísidalň are coming 114(36). - daluhŕn be succored 58(39). - dinaluhŕn was attended 100(18). 251(14). - -dáma S. checkers 266(12). - --damŕg: magdamŕg the whole night 190(35). - -damdŕm feeling 102(16). 219(32). - dumamdŕm felt 227(15). 233(37). - magdamdŕm feel oneself hurt 233(34). - dináramdŕm is being regretted 82(9). 244(10). - damdámin feeling, emotion 276(29). - makiramdŕm spy out 264(4). - karamdáman illness 207(31). - nakáramdŕm felt 68(3). 292(32). - nakŕrŕramdŕm is feeling 42(43). - nŕramdamŕn was felt 201(26). - nŕrŕramdamŕn is being felt 70(6). - -dámi multitude 112(21). 267(27). - dumámi grew in number 60(32). - dinamíhan was made numerous 251(15). - karamíhan numerousness, majority 34(33). 198(9). 66. 132. - marámi many 20(13). 28(27). 69. 71. 99. 110. 138. - -damět garment, cloth 52(22). 169(2). - pananamět clothing 32(33). 219(14). - -damň ramň grass 76(28). See also kalabŕw, púno`. - dinamuhŕn was cut grass from 251(16). - damúhan grass-field 18(33). 259(17). - -dámot stinginess 268(5). - kaydámot karámot what stinginess 268(5). - kaydámot-dámot what great stinginess 268(4). - karamútan stinginess 34(18). - marámot stingy 60(22). - mararámot pl. 112(8). - --dániw?: karaniyúwan karaniyúan usual, usually 36(15). 40(9). 262(6). - -dangŕl honesty, honor 218(26). - karŕngálan honoring 90(13). - --dapŕ`: dumapŕ` lay down on his face 227(17). - nagdŕdapá-dapáan pretends to fall on his face 108(18). - nagkangdadápa` sustained repeated falls on his face 70(35). 269(29). - nagkŕkangdadápa` is falling repeatedly on his face 269(31). - nakadapŕ` is prone 281(12). - nárapŕ` fell on his face 295(30). Corrigenda. - pagkárapŕ` a falling on one's face 295(39). - napadapŕ` had himself laid on his face 311(27). - náparapŕ` fell on his face 312(11). - -dápat necessary, fitting 22(1). 36(9.20). 268. - karapatŕn due, right 276(8). - marápat deserving 80(20). - nŕrŕrápat is appropriate 80(13). 276(29). - -Rafayčl S. n. 270(5). - --dápit: pagdápit a calling for 114(39). - ipinadŕdápit is being caused to be called for 114(18). - --dápo`: dumápo` struck, landed 16(31). - pagdápo` a hitting, landing 64(31). 68(16). - dinapúan was landed on, was hit 96(28). 251(18). - -darŕs adze 58(14). - pagdarŕs a chopping with the adze 60(3). - darasěn be trimmed with the adze 58(17). - dinarŕs was trimmed with the adze 58(32). - pinagdarasŕn was variously hewn off 58(17). - -Daruwěn E. family-n. 245(9). - --dasŕl (S.): magdasŕl say prayers 78(37). - nagdádasŕl is saying prayers 64(36). - nagsísipagdasŕl pl. 114(30). - pagdadasŕl a praying 104(4). - pinagdŕdasalŕn is being prayed in 104(17). - dŕsálan rosary 76(43). - -dátapuwat but 16(4). 318. 322. - -dáti formerly; since long ago 44(23). 64(18). 262(3). - paráti often 18(8). 30(28). 262(12). - --dátig: kadátig karátig bordering on, next to 256(32). 266(9). - magkarátig bordering on each other 270(2). - nŕkŕkarátig borders on 296(27). - --datěng: dumatěng arrive 18(37). arrived 20(14). - nagsidatěng pl. 118(34). 232(1). - dumáratěng is arriving 18(35). - dáratěng will arrive 52(2). - pagdatěn an arriving 48(12). 56(25). - datnŕn be reached 56(32). - dinatnŕn was reached 46(3). - dinŕratnŕn is being reached 64(7). - karáratěng there has been arriving 151(31). - makaratěng have arrived 82(38). 100(1). - nakaratěng has arrived 34(21). - mŕdatnŕn be come upon 88(36). - --dáos: pagdadáos a performing 20(5). - idáos be performed 264(32). - idináos was performed 274(15). - idinŕdáos is being performed 92(24). 114(29). - -dŕw rŕw he says, they say 17. 47. 217. - --dáya`: magdŕdáya` will cheat 18(24). - -dáyap the lime 76(20). - -dě` not 38(17). 237. 239. 301. - --ribŕl S.: karibŕl rival 46(21). - -dibděb the chest 212(9). - --dikděk: dikdikěn be crushed 16(25). - -dikěn mat on which dishes are set 221(32). - -dikět blaze 220(30). - pangparikět kindlings 158(10). - --dikět: idinikě was pasted 52(10). - -dikóla S. (de cola) train 262(41). - -díla` tongue 251(21). 306(21). - diláan be licked 251(22). - diniláan was shown the tongue (as insult) 251(20). - --dílat: nadílat came open 24(24). - --dilŕw: madidilŕw yellow, pl. 291(19). - --dilěg: pangdilěg implements for sprinkling 225(4). - nangdídilěg is sprinkling 239(34). - pangdidilěg a sprinkling 239(35). - diligěn be sprinkled 244(11). - -dilěm darkness 36(5). - dumilěm it grew dark 52(29). - pagdilěm a growing dark 36(32). - kadilimŕn darkness 72(1). - madilěm dark 40(15). - -Del-Pilŕr S. family-n. 241(25). - -relňs S. watch 137(41). - -dimóniyo S. demon 40(5). - -děn rěn also, again 18(16). 17. 47. 218. 221. 227. 238. 239. 262(11). - -dinděng, see dingděng. - -díne ríne loc. of irč: here 316 (27). 17. 47. 263. - nŕrěrinč is here 74(21). - paríne come here 301(33). - pumaríne come here 302(8). - naparíne came here 312(3). - --diněg: makáriněg hear 24(18). - nakáriněg heard 20(19). 292(33). - máriněg be heard 28(19). - náriněg was heard 20(41). - nŕrěriněg is being heard 114(12). - pagkáriněg a hearing 18(13). 176(41). - -dingděng dinděng wall 62(20). - -Risŕl S. family-n., Rizal 275(43). - -desgrásiya S. misfortune 276(39). - --distíno S.: idinistíno was assigned to the parish 96(2). - nŕdistíno got assigned 50(9). - -retáso S. patch 239(10). - --retráto S.: retratúhan be photographed 281(14). - -díto ríto loc. of itň: here, hither; to him -16(4). 18(22). 316(27). 17. 47. 263. 280. - nŕrěritň is here 70(26). 184(36). 203(6). - pumŕparíto comes here 204(18). - pŕparíto will come here 302(11). 306(11). - pagparíto a coming here 203(5). - pinŕparíto is being sent here 104(20). - ipinaríto was come here for 307(1). - naparíto came here 44(9). - napŕparíto comes here 191(16). - mŕparíto get here 184(35). - mŕpŕparíto will get here 312(15). - nŕparíto got here 312(13). - nŕpŕparíto gets here 312(15). - pagkŕparíto a getting here 313(1). - makŕparí-paríto never come here 313(3) Corrigenda. - --díwang: nagdíwang celebrated 275(43). - pagdiríwang a celebrating 90(13). - ipinagdědíwang is being celebrated 110(12). 249(23). - -diyŕn riyŕn loc. of iyŕn: there, thither, from there -182(27). 316(27). 17. 47. 263. - náriyŕn went there, was there 191(14). - pápariyŕn will go there 302(13). - -diyáriyo S. newspaper 284(11). - -Diyégo S. n. 100(40). - -Diyňs S. God 64(4). 182(40). 59. - --dugtňng: idinugtňng was said in continuation 80(28). 102(19). - -dugň` blood 22(8). - nagdudugň` bled profusely 88(28). 282(38). - pagdudugň` a bleeding 46(8). - --dúkit: dumúkit carved 88(8). - pangdudúkit sculpture 90(3). - mangdudúkit mandurúkit carver, sculptor 86(18). 104(8). - dukítin be carved 90(11). - dinúkit was carved 90(9). - --duklŕy: nagdůduklŕy-duklŕy keeps blurting out 114(15). - -doktň S. learned man 168(9). - --dúkot: idinůdúkot is being scooped out 110(2). - -dúlang low table 252(1). - --dulŕs: madulŕs slippery 313(41). - mádulŕs slip 313(35). - pagkádulŕs a slipping 313(39). - magpadulŕs let oneself slide 313(36). - pagpapadulŕs a letting oneself slide 294(29). - -dúlo end 16(7). - dúlo-ng-bandŕ-ng-kaliwŕ` left-hand end 274(28). - dúlo-ng-bandŕ-ng-kánan right-hand end 211(1). - dulúhan end part, back yard 34(38). - -Romaněsmo S. Romanism 56(14). - --dumě: pagdumě defecation 42(4). - marumě dirty 94(7). 219 (36). - -Don-Nasáriyo S. n. 116(26). - -dúnong knowledge 28(15). - karúnong what wisdom 173(42). - karunúngan wisdom 276(30). - marúnong wise, knowing, knowing how to 16(1). 26(1). 269(8). - pagmamarúnong a pretending to be wise 167(29). - pagpapakamarúnong a making oneself wise 309(24). - pinakamarúnong wisest 309(40). - marurúnong pl. 48(10). - nagparúnong caused to be educated 90(40). - --dungň: nagdúdungň is shy 285(17). - -dúro` stitch 224(1). - durúin be pricked 244(1). - durúan be stuck into 251(22). a spit 221(8). - duruŕn place for sticking 260(6). - --dúrog: dinúrog was crumbled 32(18). - -dúsa suffering 245(18). - pagdudúsa a suffering 76(24). - parúsa punishment 16(28). - nagpŕparúsa is causing to suffer 42(9). - pagpaparúsa a causing to suffer 42(16). - ipinarůrúsa is being caused to be suffered 313(10). - parusáhan be punished 16(22). - parůrusáhan will be punished 16(24). - pinarusáhan was punished 292(19). - pinarůrusáhan is being punished 222(18). 233(1). 308(8). - pŕrusahŕn place of punishment 74(21). 309(12). - mŕpŕparusáhan will get punished 22(5). 313(6). - -rosáriyo S. rosary 104(4). - magrosáriyo pray a rosary 104(17). - -Rúso S. Russian 306(19). - -doňn roňn ron loc. of iyňn: there; to him, to it -18(40). 38(17). 316(27). 17. 47. 263. - dumoňn go there 20(26). - magkaroňn get, have 96(3). - nagkaroňn got, had 24(35). 52(30). 268(25). - kinŕdňroonŕn is been in 74(33). 90(18). 279(13). - nároňn nŕndon got there, is there 36(33). 193(15). 39. 468. - nŕrňroňn is there 42(36). 74(12). 264(10). - paroňn go there 301(33). - pumaroňn go there 20(15). went there 76(27). - páparoňn will go there 88(13). 207(30). 302(18). - pagparoňn a going there 72(40). 302(16). - parunŕn be gone to 70(34). - pinaroonŕn pinaronŕn pinarunŕn was gone to 46(4). 138(37). - ikináparoňn was the cause of going there 310(11). - makaparňn be able to go there 100(16). - naparoňn went there 20(23). 312(5). - pagkáparoňn a getting there 300(9). - --doňp: pinagdódoňp were brought together (hands) 96(8). - -duwŕg coward 312(22). - kaduwágan cowardice 116(14). - -duwčnde S. dwarf, elf 30(24). - -Dňytsland E. n. of a ship 268(29). - - - - - -G. - --gaŕn: magaŕn light, easy 48(2). 255(2). - -gaáno, see anň. - -gabě night, evening 36(2). See also áraw. - gabě-gabě every night 62(38). 331. - ginágabě is being overtaken by night 244(12). - kagabě last night 190(15). 259. - -gága madwoman 44(25). - -gagambŕ spider 262(23). - --gálang: magálang polite 237(19). 289(5). - --gálaw: paggálaw a moving 192(20). - -gáling coming from 40(5). 193(18). - nanggáling came from 193(22). - nanggŕgáling is coming from 193(22). - pinanggalíngan was come from 256(30). - pinanggŕgalíngan is being come from 32(30). - kagŕgáling there has just been coming from 267(14). - -galěng skill 58(6). - gumalěng got well 54(10). - magalěng skilful; well 46(29). 269(2). - magagalěng pl. 94(32). - pagpapagalěng a causing to get well 42(22). - -gálit (a) anger 22(15). - ikagálit be the cause of anger 195(39). - ikinagálit was the cause of anger 303(24). - kinagalítan was the object of anger 274(15). - kinagŕgalítan is the object of anger 40(36). - nagálit got angry 16(20). - nagŕgálit gets angry 106(28). - pagkagálit a getting angry 176(39). - nŕkagalítan happened to be the object of anger 52(40). 298(28). - magpagálit cause to get angry 98(32). - palagalitěn hot-head 315(18). - --(b) Accent shifted: galět angry 177(39). - kagalět at odds 266(39). - nagkagalět had a falling out 269(19). - pagkakagalět a falling out 155(27). 269(19). - nagkagá-kagalět got angry at each other, pl. 269(25). - kŕgalítan quarrel 236(36). 279(34). - pagkakŕgalítan a quarreling together 222(42). 279(39). - --gambála`: nagambála` was disturbed 284(36). - nŕgambála` was unintentionally disturbed 293(8). - -gámit that used 46(39). - gamět used, second-hand 183(15). - gumámit use 58(14). used 94(4). - gumŕgámit is using 202(17). - paggámit a using 56(37). - gamítin be used 161(20). - gŕgamítin will be used 234(22). - ginámit was used 60(26). - ginŕgámit is being used 40(35). - gamítan be used on 58(16). - kagamitŕn use, employment 36(23). 120(15). - magámit be able to be used 20(5). 74(7). 283(26). - nagámit was able to be used 230(14). - nŕgámit was accidentally used 293(10). - pagkŕgámit the way of using, chance ability to use 240(3). 291(40). - ipinagŕgámit is being caused to be used 306(9). - -gamňt medicine 54(9). - panggamňt means of curing 46(14). - gumamňt cure 46(13). - gumágamňt is curing 46(16). - paggamňt a curing 42(15). - manggagamňt manggagámot physician 28(24). 44(28.30). 243(10). - panggagamňt curing 42(25). - gamutěn be treated 46(23). - ginamňt was treated 46(4). - ginágamňt is being treated 290(13). - ipinagamňt was caused to be treated 54(8). - --gána S.: gumŕgána is earning 227(18). - -ganŕ concern 98(6). 281(25). 198. - -gandŕ beauty 70(11). - magandŕ beautiful 48(15). 152(3). - magagandŕ pl. 72(19). - nagpápagandŕ is causing to be beautiful 48(18). - -ganitň, see itň. - -ganiyŕn, see iyŕn. - -gantě that given in return 90(12). 200(33). 272(11). - gantě ng pála`: gumantě-ng-pála` return favors 231(14). - gumantě act in retaliation 227(19). - manghigantě take vengeance 24(25). 241(19). - manghíhigantě will take vengeance 241(21). - gantihěn be given return for 58(9). - panghigantihŕn be the object of vengeance 40(38). - -gáno, see anň. - -ganoňn, see iyňn. - --gápang: gumŕgápang is crawling 18(3). - paggápang a crawling 18(4). - --gápas: panggápas kind of knife 225(5). - gumápas cut, slice 227(20). - pinanggŕgapásan is being cut from 256(32). - --gápos: iginápos was tied down 58(31). - --gastŕ S.: paggastŕ a spending 248(11). - -gŕstos S. expense 54(27). - -gátas milk 175(1). - -gawŕ` that done 54(20). 74(8). 240(34). 277(24). - gumawŕ` do, make 244(35). - paggawŕ` a making, doing 86(10). 202(36). - gawěn be done, made 24(17). - gŕgawěn will be made, done 32(6). 104(1). - ginawŕ` was done, made 20(36). - ginágawŕ` is being done, made 44(3.9). - pinaggagawŕ` was variously done 310(8). - ginawaŕn was done to 74(40). 76(3.6). - gŕwáan workshop 58(41). - gawaŕn factory 315(35). - kagagawŕn surprisingly, illicitly done 277(23). - nakagawŕ` succeeded in making 86(7). - nakagágawŕ` is able to make 281(28). - magawŕ` be able to be done 30(6). 56(2). - magágawŕ` will be able to be done 18(20). 74(27). - nagawŕ` has been done 54(40). - nagágawŕ` can be done 102(30). - pagkagawŕ` a having made, ability to make 282(10.28). - mapaggawŕ` given to doing 98(31). - mágawŕ` chance to be done 238(36). - pagkágawŕ` the way making turned out 291(3). - pagawŕ` ordered to be made 104(11). - nagpagawŕ` caused to be made 104(8). - ipinagawŕ` was caused to be made 104(15). - -gawě` direction 163(28). 193(28). - -gáya like 18(8). 316(30). 272. - -gayňn, see iyňn. - -gibŕ` broken-down 225(9). - gibá-gibŕ` tumble-down 290(36). - mangágibŕ` collapse, pl. 296(3). - mangŕgěgibŕ` will collapse 296(5). - -gílas energy, enterprise 48(32). - --gílid: tagílid side 315(27). - tumagílid turned the side to 231(17). - pagtagílid a moving side-ways 192(20). 231(17). - tinagilíran was hurt in the side 254(18). - tinaligdŕn was turned the side to 254(19). - tagilíran side wall, side part 261(29). - nŕtŕtagílid is inclined to one side 296(24). - -gíliw respected 219(3). - -ginŕw cold feeling 280(38). - naginŕw got cold 285(17). - --ginháwa: guminháwa became comfortable 227(20). - guměginháwa is getting comfortable 227(21). - kaginhawáhan comfort, bliss 72(20). - nakaginháwa caused to be comfortable 280(36). - maginháwa comfortable 289(6). - nagpaginháwa caused to be comfortable 302(32). - -gíning Miss, Mrs. 256. - -gintň gold 311(20). - -ginoň Mr., gentleman 54(37). 100(30). 219(3). 289(5). 256. - --gěng 48. 250. 516.: magěng become 18(26). 314(18). - magíging will become, take place 18(28). 94(23). - nagěng became, occurred 18(31). 36(38). 144(23). - nagíging is becoming, arising 42(5). 62(14). - pagigěng a becoming 314(19). - --gísing (a) awaken, tr.: - kagěgísing there has been awakening 184(12). - makŕgísing accidentally awaken 62(11). - nakŕgísing awakened 257(32). - nŕgísing was accidentally awakened 293(12). - napagísing caused himself to be awakened 311(30). - --(b) With accent shifted: wake up, intr.: - ikinágisěng was the cause of waking up 158(9). - mágisěng wake up 18(39). - mŕgěgisěng will wake up 18(37). - nágisěng woke up 38(21). - pagkágisěng a waking up 62(18). - pagisěn-gisěng waking up now and then 300(36). - nápagisěng woke up 312(39). - palagisingěn fitful sleeper 315(19). - -gitnŕ` middle 16(7). 24(38). - -grúpo S. group 90(25). - -gúbat jungle 18(2). - kagubátan jungle country 118(40). - -gubiyčrno S. government 92(32). 200(18). - --gúgol: ginúgol was spent 257(14). - ginůgúgol is being spent 112(22). - -gúlang age 38(6). 56(33). - paggúlang a growing ripe 272(22). - magúlang old, mature; parent 32(6). 283(39). - --gúlat: gulatěn scary 247(32). - pagkagúlat a getting scared 285(42). - pagkŕgúlat astonishment 36(38). - mapanggúlat given to scaring 289(36). - magugulatěn jumpy 62(7). 290(4). - nŕpagúlat was astonished 30(22). 58(8). - palagulatěn nervous person 315(20). - -gúlay vegetable 72(36). - --gulň: nagkagulň was surprised 268(29). - magulň confused 237(2). - nagulň became confused 284(38). - nagúgulň is confused 52(29). - -gulňd hill 226(25). - -gúlok bolo 38(27). - --gúmon: nŕgůgúmon is trailing 98(20). - -guntěng shears 26(2). - -gupět a cutting with scissors, hair-cut 219(13). - panggupět used for cutting, scissors 225(5). - gumupět cut 26(15). - naggugupět cut to bits 238(33). - naggúgugupět is cutting to bits 238(34). - paggugupět a cutting to bits 273(33). - manggupět cut hair 26(1). - nanggupět did hair-cutting 167(2). - manggugupět manggugúpit hair-cutter 24(34). 243(11). - panggugupět hair-cutting 26(19). - ginupět was cut 60(6). - gupitŕn be sheared 26(3). - nakagupět was able to cut 281(29). - pagkagupět a having cut 250(32). - nakágupět accidentally cut 290(12). - nágupět chanced to be cut 293(38). - pagkágupět a chance cutting 291(4.42). - nagpagupět allowed himself to be sheared 302(33). - pagpapagupět an allowing oneself to be sheared 302(34). - ipinagupět was caused to be cut 180(11). - -góra S. cap 246(4). - -gurň` teacher 80(40). - -gustň S.: desired, liked 16(29). 52(22). 267. - paggustň a desiring 18(21). - gustuhěn be desired 114(41). - nagkagustň conceived a desire 268(31). - ipinagkagustň was the cause of desiring 272(33). - ikinŕgůgustň is the cause of liking 273(31). - pinagkŕkagustuhŕn is being liked by many 275(7). - magustúhin fond 110(1). 289(42). - pagkágustň a coming to desire 24(1). 92(36). - mŕgustuhŕn happen to be liked 74(2). - nŕgůgustuhŕn is liked 209(25). - -gútom hunger 28(32). - gutňm hungry 76(8). - gutúmin be assailed by hunger 28(28). - nagůgútom is hungry 285(19). - palagutuměn one who easily gets hungry 315(19). - -guwŕrdiya-siběl guwŕrdiya-sivěl S. gendarme, gendarmerie 20(20). - -guwarnisiyňn S. harness 315(33). - -gúya` young of animal, calf 210(24). See báhay. - - - - - -H. - -hába` length 56(39). - humába` grew long 38(30). - kahabáan length 192(22). - mahába` long 120(2). - pinakamahába` longest 58(11). - mahahába` pl. 18(15). - -habágat spring wind 227(40). - -hábang while, during 16(2). 292. - --hábol: nagsěsihábol are pursuing 301(21). - paghábol a pursuing 84(27). - panghahábol a chasing 116(7). - habúlin be pursued 18(10). - hinábol was pursued 88(24). - hinŕhábol is being pursued 68(19). - nŕhŕhábol gets pursued 18(8). - ipinahábol was caused to be pursued 76(10). - ipinahŕhábol is being caused to be pursued 72(32). - -hagdŕn ladder 270(31). - hagdánan stairway 106(11). - --hágis: naghágis tossed 48(8). - inihágis was tossed 16(30). 248(17). - mapanghágis given to flinging 289(36). - pahagěs with a toss 300(14) and Corrigenda. - --hagk, see halěk. - --hágod: humŕhágod is stroking 98(21). - hinágod was stroked 84(10). - -Hagúnoy place-n. 110(24). - --hakbŕng: háhakbŕng will take a step 70(1). - paghakbŕng a stepping 68(29). - --hákot: paghahŕkútan a carting together 118(17). - -halagŕ price 54(23). - mahalagŕ dear 36(14). 234(41). - pinakamahalagŕ most valued 42(1). 288(38). - mahahalagŕ pl. 116(2). - --halakhŕk: nápahalakhŕk burst into laughter 68(26). - -haláman garden-plant 72(36). - hŕlamanŕn garden, flower-pot 74(14). 260(38). - -halayŕ S. jelly 253(38). - -halíge post 64(23). - -halěk kiss 94(12). - humalěk kissed 227(22). - hagkŕn be kissed 251(24). - hinagkŕn was kissed 94(10). - mahagkŕn be able to be kissed 92(26). - -halimbáwa` example 48(23). 62(10). 265(2). - --halimhěm: hinŕhalimhimŕn is being brooded on 102(18). - -hálo` that admixed 220(35). - hálů-hálo` confused 50(15). - hinalúan was mixed with 251(24). - hinŕhalúan is being given an admixture 108(6). - haluŕn mixing-vessel 260(8). - pinahŕhalúan is being caused to be given an admixture 108(7). - -hálos almost 110(25). 265(3). - -hámak unfortunate, no-account 219(3). - ikŕpahámak be the cause of coming to grief 310(12). - ikŕpŕpahámak will be the cause of coming to grief 310(14). - mŕpahámak come to grief 312(22). - mŕpŕpahámak will become good-for-nothing 312(24). - nŕpahámak came to grief 312(17). - nŕpŕpahámak is getting spoiled 312(19). - -hampŕs whipping, whip 220(37). 221(42). - hampŕs-lúpa` vagabond 211(4). - maghampŕs-lúpa` be a vagabond 235(27). - panghampŕs used as a whip 225(8). - humampŕs hit with a whip 227(24). - naghampŕs whipped himself 233(38). - nagháhahampŕs is whipping about 238(36). - manghampŕs whip people 239(38). - hampasěn be whipped 184(8). - hinampasŕn was struck with a whip 251(25). - hampásan whipping-bench 258(27). - kahampásan one of two who perform mutual flagellation 277(39). - nahampŕs has been whipped 284(12). - nakáhampŕs happened to hit 291(27). - náhampŕs was accidentally hit with a whip 293(14). - pagkáhampŕs a chance hitting 62(17). 292(3). - páhampasěn be whipped harder 305(11). - -hámon a challenge 52(25). - manghŕhámon will challenge 48(24). - manghahámon challenger 48(29). - hinámon was challenged 48(32). - hinŕhámon is being challenged 18(21). - -hánap that sought 76(23). - hánap-búhay livelihood 271(40). - maghŕhánap-búhay will work for a livelihood 193(32). 235(30). - humánap seek 74(23). - paghánap a seeking 227(25). - maghánap earn 32(11). 233(39). - paghahánap the earning one's living 60(16). 102(7). - maghanŕp seek in quantity; search 237(28). - paghahanŕp a searching 52(29). - hanápin be sought 92(12). 244(13). - hinánap was sought out 16(22). - hinŕhánap is being sought 76(18). - ihánap be looked for 30(32). - paghahanapŕn a searching through a place 52(34). - nahánap has been sought 143(36). - makapaghanŕp have searched 287(20). - nakapaghanŕp has searched 287(18). - pinahanápan was ordered to be sought in 52(15). - -handŕ` a serving food 114(34). - maghandŕ` serve 112(29). - nagháhandŕ` is serving 114(9). - iháhandŕ` will be served 237(36). - inihandŕ` was served 299(11). - iniháhandŕ` is being served out 62(36). - nakahandŕ` is served 183(22). 281(4). - --hantŕy: hantayěn be awaited 32(26). - hinantŕy was awaited 50(37). - -hangŕd aim, goal 46(36). - -hangŕl fool 276(31). - kahangalŕn foolishness 276(31). - --hanggŕ: hanggáhan boundary 258(29). - hanggŕn limit 22(6). - -hanggŕng until, up to 16(12). 68. 293. - -hángin wind 118(31). - --hángo`: paghángo` a rescuing 78(10). - hinángo` was rescued 88(36). - ikahŕhángo` will be the means of rescuing 74(42). - mahángo` be able to be rescued 74(23). - mahŕhángo` will be able to be rescued 78(2). - nahŕhángo` is being rescued 78(12). - -hápis grief 38(11). - hinápis was grieved 244(14). - nahŕhápis is sad 285(20). - pagkahápis a grieving 74(25). - -hápon afternoon 18(39). 190(23.31). - maghápon whole day 112(9). 262(8). - kahápon yesterday 152(13). 172(6). 259. - pagkahápon a having supped 104(16). - -Hapňn S. Japan 269(20). - -Hapunčs S. Japanese 306(19). - -hárang obstruction 220(39). - panghárang used as an obstruction 225(8). - humárang held up 227(26). - paghárang a holding up 198(21). - naghárang made an obstruction 233(41). - paghahárang an obstructing 233(42). - nanghárang held people up 239(38). - panghahárang highway robbery 239(40). - hinárang was held up 282(36). - ipinanghárang was used in holding up 250(10). - hinarángan was obstructed 251(27). - pinangharángan was the place of holding up 255(11). - harangŕn hold-up 197(9). - paghaharangŕn a holding up together 275(22). - ikinahárang was the cause of being held up 272(6). - pagkahárang a having held up 282(29). - pagkapanghahárang a having practised highway robbery 287(30). - nŕhárang got held up 295(6). - pagkŕhárang a chance holding up 292(5). - pahárang caused to be held up 197(10). - paharŕng crosswise 300(15). - pagpapahárang a causing to be held up 302(36). - pinapanghŕhárang is being caused to practise highway robbery 305(22). - ipinahárang was caused to be held up 306(11). - -harŕp front 228(25). - humáharŕp is facing 96(7). - háharŕp will be present 96(18). - hinarŕp was faced 20(37). - harapŕn place in front of 24(37). - kaharŕp facing 98(21). - náharŕp came to face 72(2). - -harděn S. garden 72(19). - -hári` king 24(29). - naghŕhári` is ruling 24(30). - pagharían be ruled 255(14). - pinaghŕharían is being ruled 24(32). - kahariyŕn kingdom 24(36). 276(18). - --hása`: hasŕ` sharpened 202(30). - paghahása` a sharpening 232(16). - ihása` be sharpened 248(19). - hasáan be given a sharp edge 251(28). - paghasáan be sharpened on 255(15). - hasaŕn whetstone 255(15). - --hátak: paghátak a tugging 78(8). - hatákin be pulled at 284(16). - kahatakŕn one of two who tug against each other 186(38). - -háti` divide; that divided; mid- 222(1). - háti ng gabě: naghŕháti-ng-gabě it is midnight 84(19). 235(24). - kinŕháti-ng-gabihŕn was at midnight 38(21). 279(25). - hatě` divided 222(31). - pangháti` used for dividing 225(11). - humáti` divided, halved 227(29). - nagháti` distributed 234(1). - paghaháti` a distributing 234(3). - naghatě` divided up, divided in quantity 237(30). - paghahatě` a dividing in quantity 237(32). - nangháti` shared orders 239(41). - panghaháti` a sharing orders 239(42). - hináti` was divided 16(7). 244(4). - pinaghatě` was divided in quantity 246(20). - paghatían be shared 28(34). - ikinaháti` was the cause of breaking in two 270(39). of being able - to divide 272(9). - naháti` has been divided 284(39). - pagkaháti` a having divided 282(31). - nakŕháti` chanced to divide 291(29). - pagkŕháti` a chance dividing 291(6). 292(8). - paháti` ordered to be divided 299(14). - pahatě` tending to halve 300(18). - nagpaháti` caused to be divided 302(38). - pagpapaháti` a causing to be divided 302(41). - ipinháti` was caused to be divided 306(13). - ipinagpaháti` was caused to be divided up 307(19). - pinahatían was caused to be given his share 308(9). - pinapahatían was caused to be caused to to be given his share - 308(41). - kalaháti` half 80(24). 273(21). 314(32). - kalaháti-ng-áraw half-day 118(26). - kalaháti-ng-óras half-hour 66(36). - magkákalahatě` will be half through 104(17). 238(22). - pangangalaháti` a being halfway 24(6). 241(13). - kalahatían middle 261(27). - --hatěd: naghatěd conveyed 56(26). - nagháhatěd is conveying 98(3). - paghahatěd an escorting 114(39). - ihatěd be conveyed 34(6). - iháhatěd will be conveyed 104(28). - inihatěd was conveyed 20(26). - iniháhatěd is being conveyed 20(4). - hŕhatdŕn will be conveyed to 175(1). - hinŕhatdŕn is being conveyed to 190(10). - paghŕhatdŕn will be delivered to 20(9). - pinaghatdŕn was delivered to 255(16). - pinaghŕhatdŕn is being delivered to 179(8). - ipinahatěd was caused to be conveyed 294(28). - napahatěd had himself conveyed 52(37). - -hátol advice 30(4). - naghŕhátol advises 74(30). - --háwa: nakŕhŕháwa is contagious 272(3). - -háwak that grasped 66(35). - humáwak took hold 78(7). - pagháwak a taking hold 227(31). - hinawákan was taken hold of 66(26). - makaháwak be able to take hold 22(22). - nakaháwak has taken hold 281(14). - nakŕháwak got hold of 290(18). - --háyag (a): paháyag that published 48(37). - nagpŕpaháyag causes to become public, announces 48(35). - pagpapaháyag an announcing 90(22). - ipinaháyag was caused to become public, was announced 56(6). - pŕhayágan páhayagŕn newspaper 48(27). 236(41). See báhay. - --(b) with accent shift: hŕyágan public affair, public 236(37). - náhayŕg got widely known 60(11). - -háyop animal; carabao 28(26). - --higŕ`: paghigŕ` a going to bed 64(6). - hiněhigŕn is being slept on 102(26). - hěgáan bed 244(22). - hihigŕn couch 62(12). - kahíhigŕ` there has just been lying down 267(15). - makahigŕ` be able to lie down 281(33). - nakahigŕ` has lain down 86(39). - nahigŕ` lay down 38(17). 285(34). - nahíhigŕ` is in the act of lying down 285(35). - máhigŕ` get laid 295(8). - nagpatihigŕ` suddenly lay down 313(20). - mápatihigŕ` fall on one's back 313(37). - nŕpŕpatihigŕ` falls on his back 313(35). - -higŕnte S. giant 32(31). - --higět: mahigět with an excess 118(16). - --higpět: mahigpět firm, strict 42(40). - mahihigpět pl. 122(5). - -híkaw ear-ring 303(3). - nagpahíkaw caused himself to be adorned with ear-rings 303(2). - --híla: huměhíla is dragging 118(20). - paghíla a dragging 118(22). - hiníla was dragged 16(3). - hiněhíla is being dragged 100(23). - mahěhíla will be able to be dragged 80(27). - --hilámos: panghilámos water for washing hands 62(36). - -hilŕw raw 28(31). - palahilawěn kind of rice 315(20). - -hilěng request 219(34). - humilěng requested 186(18). - hinilěng was asked for 16(27). - hiníhilěng is being asked for 52(8). - mapanghilěng given to demanding 42(7). - -hěléra S. row 34(20). - makahiléra be in single file 110(41). - nakahiléra is in single file 122(2). - --himběng: mahimběng sound, deep 296(39). - náhimběng fell sound asleep 84(19). - -hína` weakness 18(7). - humína` became weak, slow 227(34). - naghína` made gentle 234(5). - nanghína` slackened up 240(2). - nagsěsipanghína` are getting weak 108(28). - kahináan weakness, slowness 22(39). - mahína` weak, slow 22(33). - mahihína` pl. 149(20). - -hinála` suspicion 40(23). - paghihinála` a suspecting 84(39). - hininála` was suspected 30(23). - hiněhinála` is being suspected 18(20). - pinaghěhinaláan is the object of suspicion 40(21). - mŕpaghěhinaláan mŕpŕpaghinaláan will get suspected 38(19). 298(19). - nŕpaghěhinaláan napŕpaghinaláan gets suspected 298(15). - -hindě` not, no 16(4). 152(7). 228. 237. 239. 301. 319. 340. - --hinhěn: mahihinhěn respectable, decent, pl. 94(11). - -hintŕy wait 206(1). - maghintŕy wait 153(4). - naghintŕy awaited 26(13). 30(14). - naghíhintŕy is awaiting 48(12). - paghihintŕy a waiting 285(23). - hinintŕy was awaited 120(37). - -hintň` a stopping; stop 22(26). 222(2). stopped 223(28). - maghintň` stop 170(3). - magsihintň` pl. 184(22). - naghintň` stopped, ceased 18(3). 283(13). - naghíhintň` stops 110(36). - nagsísipaghintň` pl. 112(5). - ihintň` be stopped 104(19). - hintuŕn be ceased from 251(28). - hinintuŕn was ceased from 122(22). - hintúan stopping-place 258(32). - máhintň` come to an end 60(37). - náhintň` got stopped 259(34). - pahintň-hintň` stopping at intervals 300(30). - pinahintň` was caused to stop 26(2). - pinapaghintň` was caused to cease 84(31). - ipinahintň` was caused to be stopped 241(1). - --hintúlot: pahintúlot a permit 116(2). 272(4). - ipinahěhintúlot is being permitted 54(18). - pahintulútan be given permission 264(22). - pinahintulútan was given permission 264(39). - pinahěhintulútan is being given permission 122(6). - -hinňg ripe 34(28). - nagkákahinňg are in part getting ripe 36(1). - nahinňg got ripe 16(13). - pagkahinňg a getting ripe 300(19). - napahinňg was able to be caused to ripen 311(20). - nápahinňg came to be caused to ripen 312(27). - --hingŕ: humíhingŕ is breathing 20(8). - hiningŕ breath 40(28). 228(29). - makapaghingŕ be able to breathe 68(20). - magpahingŕ rest 54(11). - nagpápahingŕ is resting 303(3). - makapahingŕ be able to rest 311(2). - makapápahingŕ will have rested 311(4). - nakapahingŕ has rested 310(43). - nakapápahingŕ has just rested, is rested 206(1). - nŕpŕpahingŕ is resting, of animals 312(31). - nangŕpŕpahingŕ pl. 312(37). - -hingě`: paghingě` a requesting 227(35). - manghingě` beg 34(18). - nanghingě` begged 32(20). - nagsísipanghingě` are begging 112(5). - manghihingě` begger, beggar 112(16). - makahingě` be able to ask for 281(33) - makáhingě` get by asking 32(22). - -hip, see -íhip. - -hípag husband's sister, (woman's) brother's wife 242(13). - maghípag two women, one of whom is married to the other's brother - 242(12). - -hípon kind of shrimp 259(6). - --hirŕm: híhirŕm will borrow 227(36). - manghirŕm borrow 240(5). - panghihirŕm a borrowing 221(5). - hinirŕm was borrowed 174(22). - hěráman person borrowed from 258(34). - kahěráman one of two who borrow from each other 277(39). - magkahěráman two who borrow from each other 278(35). - makákapanghirŕm will be able to borrow 287(24). - nakákapanghirŕm is able to borrow 287(22). - mapanghirŕm given to borrowing 289(37). - papanghiraměn be caused to go and borrow 305(34). - mapahíhirŕm will be able to be caused to borrow, will be able to - be lent to 311(21). - -hírap misery 22(5). 50(29). - hirŕp wearied 62(25). - maghěhírap will suffer 46(18). - paghihírap suffering 44(24). - kahirápan hardship 62(4). - mahírap difficult, poor 22(32). 36(19). 269(3). - mahihírap pl. 54(22). - nahirápan was pained, wearied 118(22). - nahěhirápan is being pained 44(12). - nagpŕpahírap is causing to suffer 22(10). - pagpapahírap a causing to suffer 46(14). 273(1). - pagpapakahírap a taking pains 309(20). - pahěhirápan will be caused to suffer 44(10). 100(15). - -Hesůs S. Jesus 285(42). - --hitět: hititěn be puffed at 66(13). - --hitsŕ (S. ?): ihiníhitsŕ is being tossed up 48(5). - hinitsahŕn was tossed to 48(7). - nápahitsŕ got thrown upward 84(3). - -hitsúra S. appearance 40(13). 106(11). 116(33). - --híwa`: hiníwa` was slashed 20(33). 203(37). - --hiwalŕy: maghiwá-hiwalŕy part, separate, pl. 183(11). - naghiwalŕy parted (two persons) 88(17). - naghiwá-hiwalŕy pl. 26(34). 102(40). - naghíhiwalŕy are parting 40(18). - magkáhiwalŕy go apart (two involuntary actors) 270(38). - magkŕkŕhiwá-hiwalŕy will part, pl. 26(32). - nagkŕhiwá-hiwalŕy went apart, pl. 271(14). - -hiyŕ` shame 72(12). 90(39). - kahiyá-hiyŕ` arousing shame 58(13). - kahiyaŕn be revered 274(18). - makahiyŕ` given to embarrassment 288(31). - nahíhiyŕ` is ashamed 285(20). - mapanghěyŕ` given to embarrassing 289(38). - -heyugrafíya hewgrafíya S. geography 82(1). - -hubŕd naked 223(29). - maghubŕd undress oneself 232(19). - pinaghůhubarŕn is being undressed in 255(18). - nagpahubŕd had himself undressed 303(5). - pinapaghubŕd was caused to undress himself 305(21). - pinahubarŕn was caused to be undressed 308(11). - -húgas dish-washing 219(36). - naghůhúgas is washing 114(7). - maghuhugŕs dish-washer 242(42). - manghuhugŕs id. 243(14). - hinůhugásan is being washed 251(30). - hugasŕn place for dish-washing 260(8). - -húkay hole, ditch 24(38). - hukŕy hollowed 104(9). - humúkay dig 24(37). 152(32). dug 179(26). - hůhukáyin hůhukáin will be dug 309(34). - ihinúkay was dug for 248(19). - hinukáyan was dug up 179(27). - -hukňm judge 18(26). - hůkúman court of justice 54(31). - paghuhůkúman session of court 54(34). - --húla`: humúla` predicted 277(37). - manghúla` tell fortunes 240(6). - manghuhúla` fortune-teller 206(16). - -húli (a) that caught 220(41). 282(6). - panghúli means of catching 52(27). - humúli catch 108(5). 165(34). - paghúli a catching 108(3). - nagsěsihúli are catching 102(1). - nanghůhúli goes catching 106(39). 240(6). - panghuhúli a catching in quantity 106(24). - manghuhúli catcher 56(20). 110(6). - hulíhin be caught 52(16). 68(9). - hinúli was caught 20(20). 84(31). - hulíhan be caught from 251(32). - hulihŕn a catching by many 260(9). - pagkahúli a having caught 282(33). - mŕhúli get caught 52(22). 70(19). 102(3). - nŕhúli got caught 16(22). 44(16). - nŕhůhúli is getting caught, is caught 28(29). 309(7). - nagpahúli allowed himself to be left behind 68(36). - tagahúli catcher 165(34). - --(b) Accent shifted: hulě late; last 20(30). 28(18). 222(31). - panghulě last 226(10). - kŕhulě-hulíhan very last 40(27). 280(17). - máhulě be late 235(39). - mŕhůhulě will be left behind 18(18). - náhulě was last 118(34). - pagkáhulě a being left behind 18(31). 296(18). - mŕpŕpaghulě will all be caught 198(12). 297(20). - -Húliyo S. n. 279(5). - -Holň S. Sulu 120(18). - -húlo` source, upstream 279(4). - --húlog: ihúlog be dropped 168(19). - ihůhúlog will be dropped 64(43). - hulúgan be dropped to 16(17). - hůhulúgan will be dropped to 16(19). - ipakihúlog be dropped along 265(6). - ipinakihúlog was dropped along 265(9). - ipinakěkihúlog is being asked to be dropped along 265(10). - ikinahúlog was the cause of falling 74(38). - kahůhulúgan will be fallen from 158(30). - kinahulúgan was fallen from 274(19). - kahůlúgan one of two who drop to each other 278(6). - kahulugŕn meaning 30(18). 120(24). - nakahúlog caused to drop 281(34). - mahúlog fall down 299(32). - mahůhúlog will fall down 22(12). - nahúlog fell down 24(7). - pagkahúlog a falling down 24(18). - magpatihulňg throw oneself down 206(23). - magpápatihulňg will throw himself down 313(28). - nagpatihulňg threw himself down 313(21). - nagpápatihulňg throws himself down 313(24). - -húni chirp 197(21). - humúni purred 84(1). - hůníhan chirping together 202(21). - kahůníhan one of two that chirp at each other 278(8). - mapaghuně given to neighing 289(31). - palahůníhin given to neighing, chirping 315(15). - -Húniyo S. June 110(11). - -hungkňy winnowed 223(30) - naghungkňy winnowed 232(21). - hungkúyan winnowing-machine 258(36). - -Hňrdan S. Jordan 106(6). - -hurnň S. oven 212(36). - -húsay excellence 58(1). - nagsěsihúsay are getting well 108(36). - mahúsay in good shape, excellent 46(5). 108(12). 269(4). - pinakamahúsay most excellent 28(38). - mahuhúsay pl. 196(22). - nŕhúsay got well 44(24). - -hustň S. just suited 108(40). - -hóta S. iota 30(16). - -huwŕg not, do not 20(13). 234. 239. 240. - -Huwŕn S. n. 20(2). - -Huwána S. n. 173(25). - -huwátaw (C?) Chinese bowl 255(30). - -huwčs S. judge 54(37). - -huwéting (C?) lottery 229(26). - - - - - -I(E). - -ibŕ other 22(10). 66. 98. 132. 251. 314. - ibŕ t ibŕ: nakapagěibŕ-t-ibŕ is able to alter 36(10). - pinagibhŕn was differed in 255(19). - pagkakáibŕ a being different 46(39). 276(31). - náibŕ got different 294(24) - nŕěibŕ changes 50(17). - pagkáibŕ a being different 110(17). - -íbig liked, desired 20(18). 267. - pagíbig a desiring, loving 60(25). 64(4). - iníbig was desired, loved 18(15). 40(16). - iněíbig is being desired, loved 92(20). - ěbígan mutual love 259(28). - magěbígan loved each other 236(29). - nagěěbígan are loving each other 236(29). - pagiěbígan a loving each other 90(6). - kaibigŕn desire, affection 140(2). 168(38). - kaěbígan one of two who love each other 94(18). 140(2). 278(9). - magkaěbígan two who love each other 42(30). 278(36). - kayibígan friend 16(5). 139(41). 278(17). - magkayibígan pair of friends 22(30). 278(37). - magkakayibígan pl. 26(30). 278(40). - pagkakayibígan a being friends 24(28). 278(30). - makipagkayibígan make friends with 40(6). 278(31). - nakipagkayibígan made friends with 86(30). - kŕibígan person loved 279(41). - nagkŕkŕibígan are loving each other 90(32). 280(4). - maibigěn fond of 96(39). 110(15). - -íbon bird 197(21). - --ígi`: maígi` accurate 28(5). - -igěb that dipped 220(42). - umigěb dip out 227(38). - mangigěb fetch water 282(24). - -Igoróte S. Igorote 110(33). - --íhaw: ihŕw roasted 222(32). - magíhaw roast, tr. 232(21). - iníhaw was roasted 244(16). - ihawŕn gridiron 295(9). - --íhip: uměíhip is blowing 227(39). - hinípan was blown on 251(33). - -ikŕw thou 18(10). 47. 63. 182. - See iyň, kŕ, mň. - --íkid: nakaíkid is coiled up 120(21). - tagaíkid roller 315(35). - --iklě`: kaikliŕn shortness 192(21). - maiiklě` short, pl. 24(31). - nápakaiklě` very short 221(17). - -ílag go away 151(39). - umílag get out of the way 56(20). - nagsiílag got out of the way, pl. 118(34). - uměílag is running away 116(7). - pagiílag a getting away 116(27). - pangingílag an avoiding 102(2). 118(43). 240(8). - ilágan inlagŕn be avoided 238(42). - inilágan was avoided 251(37). - iněilágan is being avoided 36(22). - -ilŕn a few; how many? 16(11). 66. 98. - íilŕn only a few 38(9). 48(28). - makáilŕn several times 44(39). 298(33). - -ilŕng uncanny 40(9). - pagilŕng a tricking 227(41). - kailángan kayilángan necessity 58(16). 275(35). 288(12). - nangŕngailángan requires 108(2). 275(38). - pangangailángan a needing 236(32). 275(39). - kŕkailangánin will be necessitated 275(39). - kinŕkailángan is being necessitated 46(11). 82(38). - nailŕng was nonplussed 285(21). - --ílap: maiílap wild, pl. 28(25). - -ílaw light, lamp 122(5). - ilawŕn lamp 286(27). - maílaw illuminated 72(6). - -elektrisidŕd S. electricity 290(19). - --ílin: pangingílin performing of ceremonies 112(18). - -ílog river 16(2). - Ílog-Pásig Pasig river 244(9). - -Ilóko S. Iloko 275(8). - -impiyčrno, see infiyčrno. - -empléyo S. employment 92(32). - -impň grandmother 59. 256. - magimpň grandmother and grandchild 242(13). - -inŕ mother 30(27). 151(22). 59. - maginŕ mother and child 242(14). - magiinŕ pl. 242(30). - inahěn female 238(40). - iníinŕ godmother 247(17). - --ínam: maínam handsome, pleasant 18(14). 269(5). - pŕináman be made very pretty 308(37). - -indŕ` grandmother 59. 256. - --iněp: naíiněp is impatient 285(22). - -ínit heat 134(19). - inět heated, angry 167(9). 222(33). - umínit became hot 227(42). - nagínit heated; grew angry 24(22). - nagěínit is heating 234(6). - kainítan heat 118(20). - maínit hot 50(9). - maiínit pl. 96(29). and Corrigenda. - taginět hot season 152(20). 315(11). and Corrigenda. - -iniyň prep. and loc. of kayň: your, you, by you, pl. 165. 169. - niniyň disj., by you, of you, 163. - --inlag, see ílag. - -infiyčrno impiyčrno S. hell 22(6). - -entabládo S. platform 98(40). - --intindč S.: nŕintindihŕn was understood 50(6). - -Intsčk Chinese 56(34). - --inň: ininň was paid attention to 68(6). - náinň got noticed 100(3). - --inňm: uminňm drank 228(2). - paginňm a drinking 163(21). - magiinňm drink much 206(26). - mŕngingínom mangiínom boozer 243(11). - ininňm was drunk 230(11). - inuměn drinking water 247(27). - ěnumínan water-shelf 259(22). - ěnúman drinking-party 257(25). - kaěnúman one of two who drink together 277(40). - makáinňm accidentally drink 88(34). - pinaíinňm is being caused to drink 200(18). - tagainňm one whose only duty it is to drink 315(36). - tagapagpainňm one whose duty it is to give drink 316(2). - -inúyat molasses 253(40). - --íngat: nagíngat was careful 288(13). - nagěíngat is being careful 48(13). - pagiíngat a being careful 62(14). - ingátan be done carefully 227(31). - pagingátan be given due care 255(20). - maíngat careful 40(22). - -íngay noise 32(30). - pagiingŕy a making much noise 293(13). - naíngay made a sound 285(30). - maíngay make a sound 106(5). noisy 295(16). - -Ingglčs Inggléses S. English 155(24). 260(11). - -ingkantádo S. enchanted 84(16). - -engkantadňr S. enchanter 84(38). - -ingkňng grandfather 59. 256. - -ipŕ rice-hulls 120(22). - --ípat, see ápat. - --ípon: nagsěsipagípon are gathering up 262(37). - maípon have been gathered 34(12). - naípon has been gathered 60(32). - mŕípon get gathered 293(39). - -irč this 163(36). 64. - nirě disj., of this, by this 316(18). 166. - See also díne. - -isŕ sŕ one, a 16(3). 67. 248. 261. 314. - isŕ ng báhay: kasŕ-ng-báhay housemate 68(22). 266(37). - isŕ ng daŕn: ikaisŕ-ng-daŕn hundredth 273(22). - isŕ ng laksŕ: ikaisŕ-ng-laksŕ` millionth 273(23). - isŕ ng líbo: ikaisŕ-ng-líbo thousandth 273(23). - isŕ ng pů`: pangsŕ-m-pů` number ten 225(40). - ikasŕ-m-pů` tenth 212(38). 273(24). - makásŕ-m-pů` ten times 64(19). - íisŕ only one 36(20). - isŕ-isŕ one by one 32(23). 76(19). 265(4). - nagisŕ-isŕ acted one by one 239(16). - inisŕ-isŕ were taken one by one 76(15). - -isdŕ` fish 88(26). - mángingisdŕ` fisherman 243(6). - palŕisdáan fishpond 315(24). - -ísip thought, intelligence; think 88(15). 159(29). 184(15). 222(2). - pangísip means of thinking 271(15). - umísip think 228(3). thought out 96(19). 100(15). - pagísip a thinking out 228(4). - magísip take thought 200(23). 234(7). - nagísip took thought, planned 207(20). 233(8). - pagiísip a planning; thinking-power, reason - 44(25). 98(34). 234(9). 252(31). 254(27). - magisěp think of various things 237(33). - nagisěp thought about, ransacked his mind 102(43). - nagíisěp is variously thinking of 202(42). - pagiisěp a searching through one's mind 30(16). - isípin be thought of 166(11). - inísip was thought of 170(4). - pinagísip was planned 246(14). - pinagisěp was variously thought out 246(21). - pagkaísip a having thought out 193(31). - pagkŕísip a chance thinking out 291(7). 292(11). - nagpaísip caused to be thought out 310(21). - ipinaísip was caused to be thought of 306(18). - -eskuwéla S. pupil 304(5). - eskuwčlhan school 90(3). - -Espániya S. Spain 80(40). - -ispírito S. spirit 66(23). - -Estádos-Unídos S. United States 46(33). - -estasiyňn S. station 116(20). - -estudiyŕnte S. student 26(29). - -estopádo S. stew 182(2). - -istóriya S. history 271(6). - -itěm black 36(40). - itimŕn be made black 251(40). - kaitěm what blackness 151(27). - kaiitěm pl. 267(41). - maitěm black 36(12). - pŕitimŕn be made very black 308(37). - -itlňg egg 28(31). - pinangitlugŕn was laid into 256(35). - pŕngitlúgan place where eggs are laid 262(4). - -itň yitň this, the latter, he, it 16(32). 64. - nitň disj., of this, by this 20(34). 166. - ganitň in this manner 26(7). 190. - See also díto. - --íwan: íwan (for i-íwan) be left 32(3). 140(3). - ěíwan will be left 248(21). - iníwan was left 32(25). 44(42). - iněíwan is being left 248(22). - kinaiwánan was left in 237(34). - naíwan has been left 32(27). - nangaíwan pl. 120(33). - nŕíwan got left 293(16). - nagpáiwŕn caused himself to be left 50(38). 304(26). - --iyŕk: umiyŕk weep, cry 186(35). - umíiyŕk is weeping 22(24). - nagsísiiyŕk pl. 114(15). - pagiyŕk a weeping, crying 100(1). 228(6). - iněiyakŕn is being wept for 251(42). - ěyákan a crying by many 100(4). 257(26). - nagěyákan wept together 32(8). - ikináiyŕk was the cause of weeping 30(37). - paiyŕk-iyŕk weeping at intervals 300(38). - pagpapaiyŕk a causing to cry 100(7). - nápaiyŕk burst into tears 90(20). - palaiyákin cry-baby 315(17). - -iyŕn yŕn that 20(9). 64. - niyŕn disj., of that, by that 157(32). 166. - ganiyŕn in that manner 20(12). 102(22). 190. - See also diyŕn. - -iyň yň prep. and loc. of ikŕw: by thee, thee, thy 16(28). 165. 169. - -iyňn yňn yoňn yaňn that, you, the former 16(9). 64. - niyňn noňn disj., of that, by that, 34(27). 38(8). 50(27). 166. - gayňn ganoňn in that manner 18(19). 190. 238. 239. - magkágayňn happen thus 46(17). 271(10). - See also doňn. - -Eyurúpa Yurúpa S. Europe 82(2). 221(37). - - - - - -K. - -kŕ thou, enclitic form of ikŕw 47. 63. 182. - -kabaliyerésa S. stable 181(39). - -kabŕn box; dry measure of 75 litres, equal to 25 salňp; twenty-five -220(38). 228(36). - -kabáyo S. horse 60(30). 288(25). - See kinamatayŕn. - nangŕngabáyo is riding horseback 240(9). - kabá-kabayúhan hobby-horse 261(34). - nakapangŕngabáyo is able to ride horseback 287(26). - -kabiyŕw: kumabiyŕw press sugar-cane 228(6). - kabyáwan cane-press 255(28). - pagkabyawŕn be used to press cane in 255(27). - pagkŕkabyawŕn will be used to press cane in 255(28). - pinagkabyawŕn was the place of pressing cane 255(24). - pinagkŕkabyawŕn is the place of cane-pressing 255(25). - -kabuluhŕn, see -búlo. - -kabutě mushroom 244(19). - --kagŕt: pagkagŕt a gnawing 36(4). 86(6). - kinagŕt was gnawed 76(9). - kinákagŕt is being gnawed 106(30). - pinagkakagŕt was variously gnawed 84(24). - -káhit although; no matter; any -18(11). 22(3). 28(21). 48. 68. 248. 253. 264. 290. 294. - -kahňn S. box 84(42). 120(20). - -káhoy wood; tree 32(33). 34(28). 58(1). - See búnga, piráso, púno`. - --káin: kumáin eat 24(1). ate 16(16). - kumŕkáin is eating 42(8). - kŕkáin will eat 28(39). - pagkáin an eating; food 28(33). 241(40). 254(5). - nangŕngáin makes his food of 36(13). - kánin be eaten 293(20). boiled rice 72(34). - kináin was eaten 32(16). contents of stomach 275(7). - mangináin graze 18(33). 241(13). - nangěngináin is grazing 18(2). - pangingináin a grazing 18(4). - makapangináin have grazed 18(36). - kinŕkáin is being eaten 36(15). - kakaněn sweetmeats 108(6). - nagkŕkakaněn makes sweetmeats 236(7). - pagkánan be eaten from 255(30). - kŕínan eating-party 284(36). - pagkakŕínan an eating together 108(21). - kainŕn kakanŕn dining-room 114(6). 230(12). - makikáin eat along 192(40). - makěkikáin will eat along 264(6). - nakikáin ate along 264(7). - kakŕkáin there has been eating 175(8). - kakŕínan one of two who eat together 278(9). - makakáin be able to eat 94(30). 281(37). - nakáin was able to be eaten 283(27). - pagkakáin a having eaten 108(27). - makŕkáin happen to eat 108(9). - makŕpakikáin-káin ever eat along 297(26). - pangpakáin served as food 112(29). - nagpakáin caused to be eaten 303(6). - pagpapakáin a causing to eat 112(39). - pakánin be caused to eat 72(33). - ipinakipakáin was asked to be caused to eat 307(37). - tagakáin one whose task is merely to eat 315(37). - tagapagpakáin one who is to serve food 316(4). - -kaingěn a clearing 118(40). - -kakŕw S. cocoa 299(6). - -káki S. khaki 122(2). - -kalabása S. pumpkin 76(15). - -kalabŕw (S.) carabao 70(38). - kalabŕw-ramň grass-carabao, wild carabao 230(9). - -kalabět a touch 201(26). - kakŕlabítan one of two who touch each other 277(41). - -kalabňg a thud 24(4). - kumalabňg fell with a thud 24(9). - kŕlabúgan thud of many objects 257(27). - -kalákal merchandise 236(31). - -kalámay rice-paste 56(16). - -kalŕn stove, brazier 74(5). - -kalasěng clink 247(21). - kŕlasíngan clink of many objects 257(31). - --kálat: pakálat caused to be rumored 118(10). - -kálaw owl 18(29). - -kalaykŕy rake 225(25). - kinalaykŕy was raked 166(22). - -kŕlingkíngan, see -lingkěng. - -kaliwŕ` left-hand 90(26). - See bandŕ. - -kalsáda, see karsáda. - -káluluwŕ soul 72(26). 268(15). - --kaluskňs: kumaluskňs pattered 228(6). - kŕluskúsan a pattering by many 84(20). - -kamálig storehouse 253(37). - Also as place-n., see báyan. - -kamátis (S.) tomato 268(26). - -kamatsilč S. a tree, Pithecolobium dulce Benth. 247(1). - -kamŕy hand 22(9). - nagkŕmáyan shook hands with each other 234(10). - -kambčng goat 112(40). - -kamě we, excl. 20(38). 63. - See ámin. - -kamiséta S. shirt 122(2). - --kamět: nagkamět gained 232(22). - kŕkamtŕn will be received 272(42). - mŕkamtŕn get obtained 40(5). - nŕkamtŕn got obtained 62(3). - -kampána` S. church-bell 80(26). - -kampět kitchen-knife 174(22). - -kampňn S. comrade 305(33). - --kámot: kinámot was scratched 84(2). - -kamóte S. sweet-potato 253(2). - -kánan right-hand 90(26). - See bandŕ. - -kandáro S. lock 283(40). - -kandidáto S. candidate 209(24). - -kandíla` S. candle 50(29). - -kandeléro S. candlestick 293(5). - -kanilŕ, see silŕ. - -kanína a little while ago 22(17). 50(40). 262(5). - -kaníno, see síno. - --kanitŕ, see kitŕ. - --kaniyŕ, see siyŕ. - -kaniyŕ` therefore 20(13). 241. 295. 297. 324. - -kaniyňn S. cannon 252(9). - -kaniyunéro kaniyunéros S. cannoneer 200(18). See trabáho. - -kŕnser S. cancer 204(11). - -kantŕ S. song 208(6). - kumantŕ sing 110(32). - kumákantŕ is singing 228(8). - nagsísikantŕ pl. 110(38). - pagkantŕ a singing 112(3). - nagkákantŕ sings 112(2). - kantahěn be sung 110(38). - kinantŕ was sung 208(7). - kantahŕn be sung for 204(29). - kantáhan song in chorus 112(4). - nagkantáhan sang in chorus 200(20). - --kapŕ`: kumapŕ` felt out 228(9). - kumákapŕ` is groping for 228(10). - nangapŕ` caught with his hand 240(10). - kinapŕ` was groped out 244(21). - nakŕkŕkapŕ` has come to be grasping 291(31). - -kapŕg when, if 187(12). 248(31). 48. 296. 300. 304. - --kapŕl: makapŕl thick 86(7). - -Kapampángan, see pangpŕng. - -kápit that held; a hold 66(29). - kápit-báhay neighboring house, neighbor 38(10). 56(35). 211(5). - magkápit-báhay pair of neighbors 242(22). - magkakápit-báhay pl. 38(9). - kápit-báyan neighboring town; person from the next town - 46(7). 60(12). 211(7). - pagkápit a holding on 295(4). - nagsikápit took hold, pl. 78(11). - nakakápit has taken hold 64(22). - nŕkŕkápit is clinging 78(15). - pakapítin be caused to take hold 78(2). - -kápitan S. mayor 98(38). - -kapitŕn S. captain 254(34). - -kapóte S. rain-coat 161(20). - -kápuwŕ` fellow-; equally 36(39). 249. - kápuwŕ tŕo: magkápuwŕ-táo two fellow-men 242(23). - -karaniyúwan, see -dániw. - -kárang covering of wagon or boat 118(21). - -karáyom needle 224(1). See bútas. - -karéra S. course 167(27). - -karéta S. wagon 100(23). - -karitňn S. cart 38(17). - -karnabŕl S. carnival 237(8). - -karnč S. meat, beef 114(11). - -karsáda kalsáda S. street 201(22). 257(26). - -karumáta S. carriage 52(36). - -karósa S. float 234(13). - -kasŕl (S.) wedding 219(38). married 54(19). 223(31). - pagkakasŕl a uniting in marriage 90(34). - ikinasŕl was united in marriage 94(29). - mákasŕl get married 92(26). - mŕkŕkasŕl will get married 295(14). - pagkákasŕl a getting married 94(35). - pakasŕl get married 168(16). - ipakasŕl be caused to be united in marriage 92(17). - ipinakasŕl was caused to be united in marriage 92(24). - mápakasŕl get married 90(41). - -kasalukúyan, see -salúkoy. - -kasapuwégo S. match 193(7). - -kaséra S. landlady 302(28). - nangŕngaséra eats in a boarding-house 240(11). - pŕngaserahŕn boarding-place 38(4). 262(9). - nagpŕpakaséra keeps a boarding-house 303(8). - -Kastíla` S. Spanish, Spaniard 28(3). - -katŕm a plane 56(38). - kumatŕm use the plane 58(10). - mŕngangátam planer 56(34). - pinagkatamŕn was variously planed off; shavings 56(40). - -katawŕn, see táo. - -kathŕ` that composed 221(2). - -kátiyaw fighting-cock 238(3). - -kátre S. bedstead 62(38). - -katuturŕn, see -tuwěd. - -káwad wire 284(22). - --káwag: ikináwag was shaken 78(14). - -káwal herd, troop 106(26). 116(6). - -kawále` frying-pan 114(10). - -káwáwa`, see áwa`. - -kawáyan bamboo 34(37). See pantŕy. - kawayanŕn kwayanŕn bamboo-grove 260(42). 290(20). - -káwit pruning-knife 240(12). - mangáwit prune; get tired of 240(12). - nangŕngáwit is getting tired of 104(18). - -kay, see si. - -káy ké than 16(9). 281. - -káya ability, means 56(4). 226(35). 255(3). - nangŕngáya has mastery 240(14). - ikakáya be the cause of ability; means 54(22). - makŕkáya will come within the ability 16(16). - nakáya came within the ability 283(29). - nakŕkáya comes within the ability 283(30). - -kayŕ` else 40(5). - so that 48(11). 47. 219. 297. 317(4). 321. - --káyas: kayŕs smoothed 222(34). - kumáyas smoothed 228(11). - nakáyas was able to be smoothed 283(31). - --kayilŕ`: ipinagkayilŕ` was lied about 60(18). - -káylan kélan when? 70(18). 92(2). 39. 262(7). (13). 317(5). - -káyo cloth 249(34). - mangkakayň cloth-dealer 248(9). - -kayň you, pl. 63. See iniyň. - -kibň` least sound or movement 44(42). - kumibň` make the least sound, budge 279(13). made the least sound, - budged 44(5). - pagkibň` a making the least sound or movement 104(25). - -Kíka` (S.) short-n. (Francisca) 311(11). - -Kíko` (S.) short-n. (Francisco) 50(36). - --kilála: kilalŕ familiar 290(19). - kumilála make acknowledgement 90(40). - kakilála person with whom one is acquainted 60(23). - pagkŕkilanlŕn be used as an advertisement 58(18). 279(28). - nakŕkěkilála nakŕkŕkilála is acquainted with - 167(30). 276(8). 292(28). - nŕkilála was perceived, got known 70(38). 104(2). - mŕpagkilála be found out 40(20). 66(38). - nŕpagkilála was realized 50(32). - nŕpagkěkilála is being recognized 44(34). 52(1). - nagpakilála caused to be known 168(34). - nagpŕpakilála is causing to be known, showing 44(24). - pagpapakilála a showing 52(25). - ipakilála be caused to be known 58(5). - ipinakilála was caused to be known 64(40). - ipinakěkilála is being shown 88(8). - mŕipakilála come to be shown 68(32). - --kílos: pagkílos a moving, intr. 44(35). 66(35). - kělúsan concerted movement 264(4). - makakílos be able to move 311(28). - -kinŕ, see sinŕ. - -kinábang profit 263(39). - pakikinábang profit; holy communion 263(38). - pakinábang advantage 300(3). - nagpakinábang caused to profit, gave holy communion 98(4). - pakěkinabángan will be profited from 94(26). - --kiněg: kuminěg trembled 42(41). 64(27). - --kiněg: makiněg hear 20(16). 30(17). - makíkiněg will hear 96(11). - nakiněg heard 285(30). - nakíkiněg is hearing 22(21). 96(5). - pakinggŕn be listened to 20(29). 308(12). - pinakinggŕn was listened to 50(27). - nŕpakinggŕn happened to be heard 46(24). - -kínis skill 56(37). 102(22). - kakínis what cleverness, how clever? 102(14). - makínis smooth, skilful 102(9). - pinakamakínis most skilful 102(14). - makikínis pl. 118(29). - nakapagpŕpakínis is able to make smooth 58(14). - --kintŕb: nagpápakintŕb is causing to shine, polishing 114(8). - --kingg, see kiněg. - --kísig: makísig lively 78(23). - --kíta: kumíta find, earn 30(33). - kuměkíta is finding 30(37). - pagkíta an earning 60(37). - magkíta see each other (two actors) 234(10). - magkikíta pl. 28(1). 239(5). - nagkíta saw each other 203(40). - kinakitáan was the place of seeing, was seen in 36(32). - makŕkíta happen to see, find 30(26). 66(6). - makŕkěkíta will happen to see 30(36). - nakŕkíta happened to see 16(2). 40(27). - nakŕkŕkíta happens to see 292(31). - mŕkíta get seen 30(25). 32(38). - mŕkěkíta will be seen 22(37). - nŕkíta got seen 20(24). 32(31). - nŕkěkíta is getting seen 20(21). 26(4). - pagkŕkíta a chance seeing 38(18). 80(12). 292(35). - kŕpakitáan one of two who show each other 310(36). - nagpŕpakíta causes to be seen, shows 48(14). - ipakíta be shown 48(33). 306(21). - ipinakíta was caused to be seen, was shown 30(38). 34(18). - mŕipakíta come to be shown 28(15). - -kitŕ thou and I; thou by me 16(19). 18(21). 63. 182. - nitŕ disj., by, of thee and me 163. - kanitŕ prep. and loc., thy and my, thee and me, by thee and me - 227(17). 165. 169. - -kitč` chicken 238(9). - -kláse S. class, school 26(36). - -kristŕl S. glass 255(21). - -kristiyáno (Chinese brogue: kilistiyáno) S. Christian 58(39). - -Krísto S. Christ 20(4). - -krůs S. cross; also as family-n. 20(24). 242(20). - nagkurůs crossed himself 64(29). - nagkúkurůs is crossing himself 64(5). - -kň disj. of akň: of me, by me 47. 163. 182. - -kúba` hump; hunchback 22(29). - --kublě: nagkublě concealed himself 94(5). - nagkúkublě is hiding (intr.) 232(23). - pagkukublě a hiding 186(14). - nangúngublě is staying concealed 108(20). 240(16). - pangúngublě a staying concealed 272(14). - pinagkůkublihŕn is being hidden in 94(8). - kublíhan hiding-place 36(33). - nŕkůkublě is in hiding 108(33). - pagkákublě a being in hiding 108(23). - -kúbo hut 118(27). - -kúgon nipa, Imperata arundinacea 118(27). - --kúha: kumúha took 50(38). - kumůkúha is taking 112(7). - kúnin be taken 202(10). - kinúha was taken 30(7). 84(25). - kinůkúha is being taken 74(26). - pinagkúkuhŕ is being variously taken 74(7). - pagkúnan be taken from 255(35). - pagkůkúnan will be taken from 222(35). - pinagkúnan was taken from 255(31). - pinagkůkúnan is being taken from 255(33). - ikinakúha was the cause of taking 272(11). - makakůkúha will be able to take 56(40). - nakakúha has taken 90(24). - nakakůkúha succeeds in taking 54(4). - pagkakúha a completed taking 52(36). - mŕkúha get taken 34(9). - nŕkúha chanced to be taken 58(11). 267(7). - -kukň fingernail 234(23). - manghinukň cut the fingernails 241(24). - -kúlam magic principle 40(11). - mangkukúlam sorcerer 40(1). See médiko. - kinúlam was bewitched 42(29). - kinůkúlam is being bewitched 40(41). - nŕkůkúlam is bewitched 42(6). - -kúlang lack 201(10). - kulŕng made incomplete 222(35). - nagkůkúlang is at fault 96(40). - --kulápol: nŕkůkulapúlan is encrusted 110(35). - -Kulŕs (S.) n. (for Nicolás) 258(28). - -Kulása (S.) n. 287(23). - -kúlay color 171(21). - kakúlay of the same color 266(10). - kasingkúlay id. 314(37). - -kulilěng small bell 225(22). - -kólera S. cholera 42(3). - --kulň`: kumúkulň` is boiling, intr. 74(24). - nagpakulň` caused to boil 96(20). - -kulňg thunder 254(36). - -kulugň wart 228(30). - --kulňng: kůlúngan place of imprisonment 86(4). - kulungŕn cage, crate 238(41). - kinŕkůkulungŕn is the place of accidental imprisonment 86(5). - nŕkůkulňng is imprisoned 84(42). - --kumbidŕ (S.): kinumbidŕ was summoned 20(19). - -kompaniyŕ S. company 221(20). - --kumpisŕl (S.) magkumpisŕl go to confession 98(22). - pagkukumpisŕl a going to confession 98(12). - nangumpisŕl practised going to confession 98(28). - nangúngumpisŕl goes to confession 56(13). - kinúkumpisŕl is being given confession 98(7). - kumpěsálan confession 98(24). - mapagkumpisŕl given to going to confession 98(11). - nagpápakumpisŕl gives confession 98(3). - pagpapakumpisŕl a giving confession 98(5). - pŕkumpisálan confessional 96(37). - -kumpňl cluster 281(35). - -kumpusisiyňn S. composition 90(15). - -kumustŕ S. como está? 230(39). - -kúmot blanket, sheet 36(39). - --kun, see--kúha. - -kung when, if, whether 16(6). 45. 298-301. - -kongkristiyános S., see kapatěd. - -kópiya S. copy 52(10). - -kúra S. priest 50(3). - -kurŕl S. corral 268(42). - -korbáta S. necktie 163(36). - -kurípot stingy 112(16). - -koréyo S. mail 168(19). - --kúro`: pinagkůkúro` is being considered 82(24). - mapagkúro` be able to be divined 287(10). - napagkůkúro` is able to be divined 52(19). - mŕpagkúro` get figured out 20(18). - mŕpŕpagkúro` will get figured out 182(20). - nŕpagkúro` got figured out 297(13). - nŕpŕpagkúro` is divined, is understood 297(15). - -koróna S. crown 26(24). - --kurůs, see krůs - --kurňt: kumurňt pinch 228(13). - mangurňt pinch people 240(16). - kurutěn be pinched 244(24). - kurutŕn be pinched from 251(43). - kůrútan a pinching by many 257(35). - -kúsa` of its own accord 225(20). - -kusína` S. kitchen 114(9). - -kosinéro S. cook 114(1). - -kutěng kitten 255(37). - -kutsíliyo S. table-knife 114(9). - -kutséro S. driver 272(2). - -kúto head-louse 225(16). See pamatŕy. - kutuhŕn lousy person 260(10). - -kuwáko cigar-holder 220(34). - -kuwaltŕ kuwŕlta kuwŕrta (S.) money 30(33). 141(27). - -kuwŕrto S. room 84(23). - --kuwayan, see kawáyan. - --kuwčnta S.: pagkuwčnta a counting 223(6). - -kuwčnto S. story 66(3). - pagkukuwčnto a story-telling 286(5). - -kúya kúyang (C.) oldest brother 46(22). 118(15). 59. 254. - magkúya oldest brother with brother or sister 242(14). - magkukúya pl. 242(30). - - - - - -L - -laŕn that reserved 221(3). - inilálaŕn is being reserved 248(22). - --labŕ S. ipaglálabŕ will be washed for 174(40). - -lában against 22(15). 282. - lumában complete 60(40). - labánan be opposed 60(36). - labanŕn war 251(1). - nagsěsipaglabanŕn are fighting each other 122(15). - paglalabanŕn a fighting, war, battle 116(27). - makipaglában engage in a contest 48(23). - pakikipaglában an engaging in a contest 116(29). - kalában opponent 266(11). - kinŕkalában is being opposed 60(38). - -labanňs (S.) large radish 252(21). - -labŕng trough 289(3). - labangŕn manger 260(25). - -labŕs the outside 52(38). - lumabŕs went out 52(34). - lumálabŕs is going out 74(1). - paglabŕs a going out 245(3). - maglabŕs bring out 234(11). - ilabŕs be brought out 270(32). - nilŕlabasŕn is being come out at 42(14). - naglŕlŕbásan are going out together 236(16). - máilabŕs get taken out 110(4). - palabŕs theatrical performance 300(4). - papalabŕs going out 96(30). - nagpápalabŕs is bringing out, presenting 303(9). - -labě added to ten, -teen 58(12). 135. - labi ng isŕ: panglabě-ng-isŕ number eleven 225(40). - ika-labě-ng-isŕ eleventh 273(24). - -lábis excessive 172(40). - -labňng bamboo-sprout 172(25). - --ladlŕd: iniladlŕd was dropped 104(36). - -lagablŕb blaze 231(6). - --lagánap: lumagánap circulated, intr. 34(29). - -lagári` a saw 187(13). - manglalagarě` food-sawer 243(17). - mapaglagarían be able to be sawed on 288(24). - -lagŕy situation, condition 46(8). 90(35). - ilagŕy be placed 108(12). - inilagŕy was placed 220(17). - inilálagŕy 108(42). - nilagyŕn was put onto, was covered 30(11). 261(30). - nilŕlagyŕn is being put into, is being filled 108(39). - lŕgáyan place where things are put 193(36). 258(38). - lalagyŕn receptacle 96(25). 261(22). - pagkakálagŕy a placing, position 270(40). - kinŕlŕlagyŕn is the place of putting 38(32). 88(5). - kalŕgáyan position, state 34(34). 176(35). - málagŕy get placed 294(26). - pagkálagŕy chance placing, position 100(20). - nagpalagŕy caused to be placed 24(39). - mápalagŕy chance to stay in a position 22(14). - -lági` frequently 60(27). 62(15). - palági` id. 62(10). - --lagkět: malagkět sticky 221(26). - -laglŕg that falling 247(3). 257(31). - ilálaglŕg will be dropped 24(3). - inilaglŕg was dropped 32(24). - nalaglŕg fell down 257(28). - -lagnŕt fever 94(30). - -lagpŕk a falling down 58(35). - lumagpŕk come down on, land 46(38). came down 299(32). - lálagpŕk will fall down on 244(39). - paglagpŕk a falling down onto 48(22). - nŕpŕpalagpŕk is falling down onto 108(19). - --lagň`: malagň` dense 24(31). - --lagňk: pagkalagňk a having swallowed 30(20). - pagkálagňk a chance swallowing 291(9). - --lagňt: malagňt break off, intr. 40(28). - nalagňt broke off 261(27). - pagkalagňt a breaking off 112(31). - -lahŕt all 26(12). 66. 132. 145. 174. - lahŕt-lahŕt all the various things 74(35). - -láhi` family, race 275(29). - -lákad a going, an errand 221(4). - lakŕd on foot 223(17). - lumákad go, walk 18(7). went 283(1). - lumŕlákad is walking 115(15). - paglákad a going 66(18). - naglákad drew on foot 234(13). - paglalákad a drawing on foot 234(12). - maglakŕd walk about 122(7). - naglálakŕd is walking about, journeying 22(31). 66(9). - nagsísipaglakŕd pl. 58(40). - paglalakŕd a walking, journeying 66(15). 84(4). - maglalakŕd traveler 242(43). - lakárin be traveled over 118(26). - nilákad was walked over 244(24). - lakáran be gone to, be gone on 70(6). 252(4). - nilakáran was travelled on 32(19). - nilŕlakáran is being walked on 22(33). - lakarŕn walking-party 260(13). - makalŕlákad will be able to walk 104(31). - nakalŕlákad is able to walk 34(8). - nalákad was able to be walked over 283(33). - nŕlákad chanced to walk 177(17). - palákad course 50(6). - pagpapalákad a causing to go 288(9). - pinalákad was caused to walk 68(41). - ipalákad be caused to go 118(19). - -lakŕs force 44(6). See úbos. - lumakŕs grew strong 76(39). - inilakŕs was made louder 42(41). - lakasŕn be done with strength 252(5). - kalakasŕn strength, loudness 182(23). - malakŕs strong, loud 18(23). 269(6). - pinakamalakŕs strongest 309(41). - malalakŕs pl. 18(15). - -lakě size 66(12). - lumakě grew larger 56(9). - nagsilakě pl. 90(5). - paglakě a growing larger 300(17). - lakhŕn be made big 252(6). - kalakhŕn greatness, most 44(29). 60(39). - malakě large 18(18). 69. 99. 110. 138. - malalakě pl. 34(38). - ikŕpagpŕpalakě will be the means of causing to grow larger 310(22). - kasinglakě of the same size 314(39). - magkakasinglakě several of the same size 120(3). - -lákip: kalákip having the same cover, enclosed with 173(28). - -laksŕ` million 134. See isŕ. - --láko`: magláko` peddle 232(23). - maglalakň` peddler 226(23). - --lála: nilála was woven 46(40). - --lalŕ`: inilalŕ` was the cause of getting worse 291(17). - palalŕ` getting worse 92(10). - -laláki man, male 30(31). - -lálim depth 218(27). - ilálim under side 20(28). - nilalíman was done deeply 252(7). - malálim deep 18(39). - pakalalímin be made too deep 309(33). - pakalŕlalímin will be made too deep 309(34). - pinakalálim was made too deep 309(35). - -lálo` more 24(27). 147. 242. - nilalúan was exaggerated 98(5). - --lam, see -álam. - -lamŕn flesh, muscle, contents 18(15). 48(1). See piráso. - -lámang only 28(33). 47. 220. 227. 243. - -lámat crack 300(17). - --lambňt: malambňt soft 163(14). - -laměg cold 118(31). - lumaměg became cold 296(39). - lálaměg will become cold 183(16). - kalalaměg what coldness, pl. 268(1). - kalamigŕn coldness 272(36). - malalaměg cold, pl. 219(32). - taglaměg cold weather 315(30). - -lamésa S. table 114(9). - --lampŕs: lumálampŕs is getting excessive 54(27). - -lamňg bruised 62(28). - naglálamňg is getting bruised 62(15). - -lamňk gnat 303(9). - --lámon: lumŕlámon is feeding, intr. 228(14). - nagsěsilámon pl. 262(21). - lalumúnan throat 88(28). - -landŕs path 252(3). - -lansónes S. fruit of Lansium domesticum Jack. 306(32). - -lantŕ withered 76(36). - -langgŕm ant 202(20). - -langěs oil 74(24). - -lángit sky, heaven 22(2). - kalangitŕn heavenly regions 104(24). - --langňy: lumangňy swim 28(21). swam 82(33). - lŕngúyan swimming-place 258(40). - makipaglŕngúyan go along swimming 264(28). - makěkipaglŕngúyan will join the swimming party 264(30). - pŕlangúyan place where something is allowed to swim 309(8). - --lápad: lapŕd widened 306(8). - kalapáran wideness 70(40). - malápad wide 92(35). - --lapŕg: inilapŕg was placed on the ground 106(16). - inilálapŕg is being placed on the ground 36(41). - nŕlŕlapŕg is lying on the ground 114(43). - -lápis S. pencil 223(8). - --lápit (a) lumápit came near 26(19). - lumŕlápit is coming near 64(19). - paglápit a coming near 66(25). - nilapítan was approached 24(22). - malápit near 44(27). - malalápit pl. 110(18). - --(b) With accent-shift: málapět get near 100(27). - mŕlŕlapět will be near 120(7). - nálapět got near 98(40). - pagkálapět a having got near 46(28). - -laráwan image 20(4). - -lariyň (S.) brick 302(41). - -larň` game; play 46(32). 241(34). - maglálarň` will play 232(24). - naglarň` played 232(24). - nagsipaglarň` pl. 86(31). - naglálarň` is playing 46(36). - nagsísipaglarň` pl. 46(35). - paglalarň` a playing 48(5). - laruěn be played with 244(25). - lŕrúan play-ground 139(41). - laruwŕn toy 84(6). - paglaruwŕn be used as a plaything 255(37). - pinaglaruŕn was played in 48(41). - pinaglŕlaruwŕn is being used as a plaything 255(40). - makipaglarň` play along 88(20). - pakikipaglarň` a playing along 264(25). - kalarň` playmate 86(33). - kalálarň` there has been playing 267(16). - palarň` public games 204(20). - pagpapalarň` an allowing to be played 268(9). - -lasěng drunken 108(32). - naglasěng got drunk 282(28). - paglalasěng a getting drunk 190(15). - nakalálasěng makes drunk 108(8). - nakákapaglasěng is able to get drunk 286(38). - balasěng an intoxicant plant, Anamirta cocculus 108(7). 314(23). - -laséta (S.) knife 207(6). - -láta tin; can 223(26). 292(2). - --latŕ`: panglalatŕ` extreme fatigue 66(33). - --látag: ipinaglŕlátag is being spread for 62(35). - nŕlŕlátag is lying stretched out 92(22). - pagkŕlátag a chance spreading 269(39). - -latěn S. Latin 28(23). - --láon: kalaúnan duration, length 32(1). 86(11). - naláon took long 34(20). 70(37). - nalŕláon takes long 108(27). - maláon long, taking long 34(25). 108(35). 69. 110. 138. - nalaúnan lasted long 36(33). 38(12). 54(13). - -lawŕ, see sa. - dalawŕ two 16(25). 224(22). 67. - dalawŕ ng pů`: pangdalawŕ-ng-pů` number twenty 225(41). - ikadalawŕ-ng-pů` twentieth 273(24). - dalawŕ ng pů t isŕ: ikadalawŕ-ng-pů-t-isŕ twenty-first 273(25). - dádalawŕ only two 84(30). 224(32). - dalá-dalawŕ two by two 224(10). - pangalawŕ number two 226(7). - dadalawáhin having two 54(5). - ikalawŕ second 24(15). - makalawŕ second day, day after tomorrow 180(4). 204(18). 288(33). - kamakalawŕ day before yesterday 166(42). 266(35). 259. - makálawŕ twice 98(1). 262(8). - --láwak: maláwak broad 28(26). 72(18). - --láwig: lalawígan province 110(13). - lalawíga-ng-Pampŕngga Pampanga province 210(28). - maláwig roundabout 240(32). - --lawět: naglawět hung out, tr. 232(26). - ilawět be hung out, down 78(1). - inilawět was hung down 78(6). - nakalawět hung down 38(29). - --layŕ`: kalayáan liberty 56(31). - -láyag a sail 228(17). - lumáyag sailed, voyaged 228(16). - naglálayŕg sails back and forth 258(42). - -láyas get away 222(4). - lumáyas go away 100(8). went away 228(18). - lŕláyas will go away 181(28). - nilayásan was deserted 252(9). - lŕyásan a deserting by many 259(30). - makŕláyas-láyas ever run away 297(24). - pagpapaláyas a driving away 36(23). - palayásin be driven away 84(22). - pinaláyas was driven away 72(11). - pinalŕláyas is being driven away 72(31). - --láyaw: pagpapaláyaw a causing to be fulfilled 312(19). - --láyo` (a): kaláyo` what farness, how far? 70(5). - maláyo` distant, far 28(26). - malaláyo` pl. 82(37). - --(b) With accent-shift: málayň` be far away 32(19). 34(11). - nŕlŕlayň` is far away 80(37). - -líban except 70(12). 114(23). 283. - --libŕng: paglilibŕng an amusing 116(37). - lěbángan place for amusing 258(42). - malibŕng be diverted 204(30). - nalibŕng became engrossed 70(22). - ipinalílibŕng is being caused to be amused 116(37). - --liběng: pagliliběng a burying 114(21). - inilíliběng is being buried 112(30). - lěbíngan burial-ground 114(21). - pagkáliběng a chance burying 114(25). - -libreríya S. library 227(36). - -librň S. book 90(29). - -líbo thousand 48(28). 52(43). 134. See isŕ. - líbo-líbo a thousand at a time 100(18). - makŕlělíbo a thousand times 50(28). 298(38). - --líbot: lumíbot took a walk 228(20). - naglíbot carried about 234(14). - naglibňt went on his errands 70(20). - naglílibňt is going about 34(30). - nagsísipaglibňt pl. 110(27). - paglilibňt a going about 68(2). - nalíbot has been gone round to 76(24). - --lígaw: paglígaw a courting 46(21). - manglilígaw manlilígaw wooer 42(27). 70(10). - nilěligáwan is being courted 70(14). - --ligŕw: paligŕw allowing himself to be led astray 32(13). - --ligáya: magsiligáya rejoice, pl. 262(21). - nakalěligáya is gladdening 202(21). - --ligd, see -gílid. - --lígid: palígid round about 16(20). 26(8). - palígid-lígid all around 32(33). 38(19). - -ligsě speed 218(30). - ligsihŕn be done quickly 252(10). - maligsě quick 44(37). - nagmámaligsě acts quickly 235(41). - --ligtŕs: nagligtŕs saved 291(39). - naglíligtŕs saves 18(9). - pagliligtŕs a saving 96(19). - iligtŕs be saved 88(30). - niligtasŕn was escaped from 22(28). - makapagligtŕs be able to save 94(34). - máligtŕs get saved 92(8). 96(4). - náligtŕs got saved 122(18). - mŕligtasŕn get escaped from 50(30). - -lígo` bathe, intr. 222(4). - malígo` bathe, intr. 28(14). 191(38). - malělígo` will bathe 191(30). - nalígo` took a bath 76(37). 285(38). - nalělígo` is bathing 16(2). 32(31). - palígo` bath 300(4). - paligň` bathed 300(26). - pangpalígo` used for bathing 183(23). - pagpalígo` a bathing, intr. 40(18). 76(38). 302(20). - magsipalígo` bathe, intr. pl. 28(12). 302(23). - makapalígo` have bathed 32(37). - pagkŕpalígo` a chance bathing 313(2). - pŕliguŕn bathroom, bathtub 309(12). - nagpalígo` caused to bathe, bathed, tr. 181(36). 303(11). - pagpapalígo` a bathing, tr. 303(12). - pinalěligúan is being caused to bathe, given a bath 308(14). is - being bathed in 308(13). - tagapagpalígo` one whose duty it is to bathe, tr. 316(5). - --liguwŕk: máliguwŕk get spilled 174(6). - -líham letter 154(4). - -líhim secret 24(32). 40(33). - lihěm kept secret 36(22). - inilíhim was kept secret 118(41). - palihěm secretly 70(14). - -liěg neck 135(17). 201(10). - --liět: kaliitŕn smallness 34(2). 118(1). - maliět small 40(14). - maliliět pl. 34(36). - -leksiyňn S. lesson 187(24). - -likňd back 24(26). 68(4). - likurŕn rear 48(16). 68(11). - -talíkod 315(27). - tumalíkod turned the back 231(18). - pagtalíkod a turning the back 231(18). - tinalikdŕn was turned the back to 254(21). - -Lílay (S.) short-n. 264(6). - -lílim shade 310(43). - malílim shady 294(27). - -limŕ five 56(33). 67. - panglimŕ number five 225(37). - lilimáhin having five 86(21). 247(36). - ikalimŕ fifth 273(18). - makálimŕ five times 298(33). - --límang: limŕng confused 291(1). - nalímang became confused 285(24). - -limonáda S. lemonade 297(10). - -limňs alms; ceremonial gift 112(6). - maglimňs give alms 78(37). - manglilímos alms-seeker 112(10). - limusŕn be given alms 112(7). - nilělimusŕn is being given alms 72(31). - nagpápalimňs is asking for alms 72(30). - nagsísipagpalimňs pl. 110(28). 304(17). - --límot: nalimútan was forgotten 208(7). - nalělimútan is forgotten 92(2). - nakalělímot has forgotten 276(8). - --linamnŕm: malinamnŕm tasty 16(18). - --línaw: malínaw clear 38(18). 116(38). - -lindňl earthquake 289(14). - lumílindňl there is an earthquake 281(12). - --línis: lumínis get clear 228(21). - naglínis cleaned 181(38). - naglělínis is cleaning 182(31). - magliliněs cleaner 242(43). - linísin be cleaned 238(6). - nilínis was cleaned 56(39). - nilělínis is being cleaned 244(26). - kalinísan cleanness 276(32). - pinakamalínis cleanest 310(1). - malilínis clean, neat, pl. 259(1). - -lintěk lightning 254(37). - -linggň (S.) Sunday 50(11). - linggň-linggň every Sunday 96(4). - --lingkěng: kŕlingkíngan little finger 280(13). - -lípa` a smearing, plastering 196(24). - panglípa` used for plastering 225(12). - maglilipŕ` plasterer 242 (43). - --lipŕd: lumílipŕd is flying 88(23). - pinalipŕd was caused to fly 295(5). - --lípas: lipŕs elapsed, evaporated 222(38). 287(7). - magpalípas allow to elapse 26(39). - nagpalípas allowed to elapse 92(3). - nagpŕpalípas allows to elapse 74(12). 90(7). - --lípat: lumípat change one's abode, move 88(43). moved -118(39). 228(23). - nagsěsilípat are changing their abode 122(13). - ikinalípat was the cause of moving 116(26). - mŕlělípat will go over 46(2). - --lípol: lipúlin be exterminated 24(36). - --lipumpňn: nagsísilipumpňn are swarming over 262(22). - pinagkŕkalipumpunŕn is being overrun by many 90(19). 276(9). - mŕpagkalipumpunŕn get overrun by many 106(28). 298(30). - --lípon: nagsěslípon are swarming over 262(22). - nagsěsipaglípon are gathering up 262(37). - nagkŕkalípon is getting all over 268(32). - nalělípon has been, is able to be gathered together 98(38). 283(34). - --litŕw: lumitŕw bobbed up 78(7). - --litsňn S. paglilitsňn a pig-roasting 262(39). - litsúnan pig-roasting party 257(37). - --litň: pagkalitň a having become confused 72(9). - --liwalěw: magliwalěw be idle, loaf 240(23). - pagliliwalěw an amusing oneself, pleasure 96(39). - -liwánag illumination 66(1). - lumiwánag became light 201(37). - maliwánag bright 66(37). - -liyŕb flame 66(16). - -léyi S. law 234(36). - -lubŕy cessation 100(1). - naglubŕy ceased 66(35). - naglúlubŕy ceases 58(21). - -lubhŕ` very 46(33). 147. - malubhŕ` intense 46(7). 78(25). - -lúbid rope 186(38). - --lublňb: naglúlublňb is splashing about 110(25). - -lóbo S. wolf 299(38). - -lóbo (S.) balloon 138(31). - -lubňg immersion, dyeing 251(41). - lumubňg went under 78(17). - nálubňg got sunk 257(12). - nŕlůlubňg is immersed 78(13). - -lubňs complete 40(2). 312(19). - -lugŕr S. place 20(27). - --lúgaw: maglúgaw prepare rice-broth 232(27). - nilúgaw rice-broth 252(32). - --lúgi: ikinalúgi was the cause of losing money 239(43). - --lúgit: palúgit handicap 60(38). - --lugmňk: nŕlůlugmňk is sunk (in an emotion) 92(4). 114(14). - --lúha`: lumůlúha` is shedding tears 94(31). - --luhňd: lumuhňd kneel down 228(24). knelt down 228(25). - nakaluhňd has knelt down, is on his knees 112(1). - náluhňd knelt down 295(33). - nŕlůluhňd is kneeling 22(24). - nagpatiluhňd suddenly knelt down 313(29). - pagpapatiluhňd a suddenly kneeling down 313(31). - nápatiluhňd fell on his knees 313(38). - -Lúkas S. n. 104(20). - -luksň jump over 222(5). - lumuksň jumped 16(21). - pagluksň a jumping 60(14). - luksuhŕn be jumped onto 252(11). - luksúhan jumping by many 257(38). - nakipagluksúhan took part in a jumping-contest 264(31). - nakěkipagluksúhan takes part in a jumping-contest 204(19). - pakikipagluksúhan a jumping with others 62(1). - nŕpŕpaluksň involuntarily jumps up 62(10). - -luktňn locust 191(32). - -lóko S. crazy 80(31). - panglolóko a fooling 108(3). - nilňlóko is being fooled 50(32). - kalokóhan insanity 313(25). - pagkalóko a fit of insanity 313(22). - nŕlňlóko is fooled 106(1). - -lúlan that loaded onto a vehicle; an embarking -100(32). 118(18). 219(40). - nagsilúlan embarked, pl. 118(24). - ilúlan be put on a vehicle 20(38). - inilúlan was put on a vessel 56(24). - lulánan be laden 252(12). - lůlánan an embarking by many 259(32). - mŕlúlan get put in a vehicle 20(11). - -Lóleng (S.) short-n. 134(31). - -lulňd shin 254(35). - lulurŕn be hit on the shin 252(13). the shin 261(25) Corrigenda. - -lúma` worn-out, old 171(4). - -lumbň cocoanut-shell drinking-cup 74(5). - -lumpň lame 219(5). - nalumpň became lame 285(28). - -lúmot moss 313(41). - -lundŕg a leap 48(16). - lumundŕg leaped 70(39). - paglulundŕg a leaping about 296(13). - -lúnes S. Monday 180(5). - --lúnod: lunúrin be drowned 16(25). - kalunúran be drowned in 274(22). west 18(22). 163(27). - kalůlunúran will be the place of drowning 274(23). - magkalunňd have drownings 112(13). - malúnod get drowned 264(29). - nalúnod got drowned 28(22). - nangalúnod pl. 88 (31). - pagkalúnod a drowning 88(30). 272(23). - -lunggŕ` lair, hole 84(29). - --lungkňt: ikinalungkňt was the cause of regret 32(37). 88(17). - ikinalúlungkňt is the cause of regret 80(30). 272(13). - kalungkútan melancholy 92(5). - nalungkňt became sad 90(34). - nangalungkňt pl. 34(23). - nalúlungkňt is sorry 285(25). - palalungkútin given to grief 315(9). - -lúpa` land, ground, earth 16(4). 24(4). 46(38). See hampŕs. - lúpa-ng-Bůstos ground of Bustos 100(9). - lúpa-ng-San-Ildepňnso ground of San Ildefonso 100(34). - lupaěn land, country 56(17). - --lupět: kalupitŕn cruelty 74(20). - malupět cruel 44(30). - malulupět pl. 20(32). - -lúsong aid 231(42). - lusúngin be gone down into 244(27). - nilúsong was gone down into 244(27). - nilusúngan was gone to the aid of 252(15). - lusungŕn mutual aid 260(14). - -lusňng mortar 16(25). - -lúto` a cooking; that cooked 182(33). 221(8). - maglúto` cook 114(3). - naglúto` cooked 182(1). - naglůlúto` is cooking 108(6). - maglulutň` cook 243(1). - lutúin be cooked 134(19). - nilúto` was cooked 257(35). - nilůlúto` linůlúto` is being cooked 244(28). - inilůlúto` ilinůlúto` is being cooked 181(18). 248(24). 249(25). - ipinaglůlúto` is being cooked for 249(24). - lutúan be cooked with 252(15). - lutuŕn kitchen 114(6). - pagkalúto` a past cooking 108(10). - nagpŕpalúto` causes to be cooked 108(6). - -loňb inside; spirit, will, opinion 36(5). 40(25). 90(40). See bigŕy. - loňb-loňb modest opinion 98(26). - nilóloňb is being intended 307(5). - pumaloňb go into the inside 42(10). 302(19). - napaloňb got into the inside 104(15). - --luwŕ, see káluluwŕ. - --luwŕ`: inilúwŕ` is being spat out 40(28). - --luwŕg: maluwŕg loose, not well fixed 92(38). - --luwalháti`: maluwalháti` in good shape 268(36). - --luwŕng: kaluwángan looseness, width 253(27). - maluwŕng loose, too wide 289(8). - --luwŕs: lumuwŕs go down-stream 56(21). - pagluwŕs a going down-stream 297(34). - napaluwásan went down-stream together 279(4). 312(8). - -luwŕt long duration 173(39). - maluwŕt long 40(31). 62(22). 269(7). - magmaluwŕt take much time 236(2). - nagmaluwŕt acted slowly 236(1). - naluwatŕn took long 84(8). - - - - - -M. - -(see also B, P). - -m, see na. - -mŕ` Uncle, Don, Mr. 256. - -mabúlo a tree and its fruit Trichodesma zeylanicum 34(40). - -madlŕ` populace 24(33). - --magŕt: pamagŕt title 86(19). 300(5). - pamagatŕn be given a name 42(21). - pinamŕmagatŕn is being given a name 168(8). - -magíging, magěng see -gěng. - -mahŕl dear 22(11). - pagmamahŕl a holding dear 72(38). - minámahŕl is being held dear 62(34). - kamŕhálan highness, majesty 26(23). - kamahalŕn dearness, high price 186(9). - kinŕmahalŕn was got dear in 279(17). - pinakamahŕl dearest 309(38). - --mahála`: namŕmahála` is ruling 122(4). - pŕmahalaŕn pŕmahaláan government 56(15). See báhay. - -maěs S. maize 248(29). - -mačstro mayčstro S. master, teacher 88(12). - -mákina S. machine 203(2). - --málas: nŕmálas got perceived 36(38). 38(19). - -málay consciousness 288(18). - nagkamálay became conscious 268(33). - nakŕmálay happened to notice 188(10). - nŕmaláyan got noticed 42(39). - pamaláyan be caused to be noticed 308(15). - -malě` bad 34(24). 271(42). - kamŕlían wrongness 297(12). - pamalímalě` repeatedly wrong 300(31). - -Malólos place-n. 110(24). See báyan. - -máma` uncle, sir 151(35). 59. - -mámayŕ` mámiyŕ` soon 262(9). - -mŕn too, as well -16(18). 47. 221. 227. 248. 262.(7).(10).(13). 219. 317(3).(5). - -mána that inherited 40(5). - nŕmŕmána is inherited 40(11). - ipamána be bequeathed 40(30). - ipinamŕmána is being bequeathed 40(31). - pamanáhan be bequeathed to 40(33). - -manč` peanut 76(16). - -maníka` (S.) doll 40(14). - -Manikěs S. family-n. 209(24). - -mansŕ S. spot 191(14). - -mansánas S. apple 182(27). - --máno S.: nagmŕmáno kisses the hand 56(14). - -manňk hen, cock, chicken 38(30). 72(36). - nagmanňk-manúkan played rooster 237(10). - -Manuwčl S. n. 228(16). - -mangŕ plural sign 16(8). 143(16). 48. 251. - -manggŕ S. mango 34(40). See púno`, - manggáhan mango-grove 255(11). - -manggŕs S. sleeves 306(24). - --manghŕ`: pagkámanghŕ` a getting astonished 60(5). - nangápamanghŕ` were astonished 52(18). 312(38). - -mangkňk (C.?) bowl 248(35). - -mangmŕng ignorant 94(39). - kamangmangŕn ignorance 82(24). - -mŕpápasa, mápasa, see sa. - -Marikína S. place-n. See báyan. - -Mariyŕ S. n. 70(11). - -Mariyáno S. n. 54(1). - -Mŕrkes S. family-n. 189(43). - -Markíta S. n. 92(29). - --masěd: nagmámasěd is observing 100(21). - pagmamasěd an observing 272(25). - masdŕn be looked at 20(32). - minŕmasdŕn is being looked at 252(17). - pagmasdŕn be observed 255(42). - pinagmasdŕn was scrutinized 18(4). - pagkámasěd a chance looking at, a glancing 168(33). - mŕmasdŕn get looked at 88(7). - mŕmŕmasdŕn will get looked at 96(16). - nŕmŕmasdŕn is visible 297(32). - -masiyádo, see -siyádo. - -Masňn S. freemason 56(12). - -matŕ eye 20(27). See pilěk. - matŕ-matŕ trellis-work 223(41). - minámatŕ is being looked down on 30(3). - matáan be looked round for 254(31). - minatáan was looked round for 254(30). - kamatŕ congenial at sight 266(12). - mapangmatŕ given to looking down on people 18(19). - nŕmatáan got espied 36(3). - --matŕy: ikamámatŕy will be the cause of dying 94(28). - ikinamatŕy was the cause of dying 186(15). - ipagkákamatŕy will be the cause of a part dying 272(34). - kinamatayŕn was died in 38(23). - Kinamatayŕ-ng-kabáyo place-n. 221(30). - pagkŕkamatayŕn will be died in by some 275(13). - pinagkamatayŕn was died in by some 275(10). - kamŕtáyan death 94(34). - mamatŕy die 40(32). - mamámatŕy will die 32(1). 62(26). - namatŕy died 16(11). - nangamatŕy pl. 286(16). - namámatŕy is dead 74(11). - pagkamatŕy a dying 22(3). 40(27). - mamatŕy-matŕy be able to die off 287(37). - namatayŕn was died from 38(9). - namŕmatayŕn is died from 112(19). - magpápakamatŕy will commit suicide 309(23). - nagpakamatŕy committed suicide 309(22). - pagpapakamatŕy suicide 309(24). - himatŕy fainting-fit 314(25). - naghíhimatŕy is fainting 236(6). - paghihimatŕy a fainting 159(6). - himatayěn be attacked by a fainting-fit 208(5). - hinimatŕy was attacked by a fainting-fit 246(1). - ipinaghimatŕy was the cause of fainting 88(32). 250(3). - -matsěng young monkey 110(9). - kamatsingŕn monkey-tricks 276(32). - -máy mé there is; having; about 16(8). 48. 69. 110. 138. 252. 331. - máy ári`: nagmčmé-ári` has ownership 40(13). - máy-roňn same as máy 18(25). 69. 110. 331. - --máyaw: magkŕmáyaw harmonize 102(13). 270(41). - -mayčstro, see mačstro. - -Mayníla` place-n. 50(2). See báyan. - -médiko S. physician 30(2). - médiko-ng-mangkukúlam witch-doctor 42(21). - -Migčl S. n. 255(33). - -milágro S. miracle 74(32). - nagměmilágro is working a miracle 104(23). - -milagróso S. miraculous 74(29). - -míle-nobisiyčntos-dňs S. 1902 34(27). - -milňn S. melon 76(16). - -mínsan once 16(2). 22(34). 39. 42. 262(10). - mínsanin be done all at once 246(5). - pamínsan-mínsan once in a while 68(10). - -mésa S. table 173(26). - -mísa S. mass 50(37). - magmísa say mass 96(26). - nagměmísa says mass 96(4). - pagmimísa a saying mass 96(18). - pagkamísa a having said mass 98(19). - makapagmísa be able to say mass 96(14). - magpamísa have mass said 72(29). - nagpamísa had mass said 72(25). - pagpapamísa a having mass said 80(25). - -měsmo S. himself 46(18). 72(29). 265(7). - -míting E. meeting 236(18). - -miyčrkules S. Wednesday 259(32). - -mo disj. of ikŕw: by thee; of thee 47. 163. - -mukhŕ` face 24(23). - kamukhŕ` of the same appearance 266(14). - -mulŕ` from 16(7). 284. - magmulŕ` start from 32(7). 284. - minulŕn was begun 283(9). - -muláwin a tree, molave, Vitex littoralis Decne 263(27). - -mulě` again 18(35). 20(17). 148. - -múna previously, first 40(6). 47. 222. - -mundň S. world 50(18). - -Mundň (S.) short-n. 96(38). - -munisiliyň S. sacristan 253(16). - -munisípiyo S. town-hall 36(42). - -muntě` little 174(6). - kumuntě` what almost-ness 174(4). - -múra (a) cheap 219(7). - minúra was scolded 90(38). - muráhan be done cheaply 252(20). - minuráhan was sold too cheaply 252(19). - pagmumůráhan a making things cheap 236(31). - kamuráhan cheapness 276(33). - pinakamúra cheapest 114(41). - --(b) With accent-shift: nagmurŕ cursed 32(38). - murahŕn mutual reviling 260(16). - magmurahŕn revile each other 236(34). - magmůmurahŕn will curse each other 203(39). - nagmůmurahŕn are reviling each other 236(35). - pagmumurahŕn a mutual reviling 236(37). - kamurahŕn one of two who curse at each other 278(22). - -múra` unripe 22(38). - -músika S. music 48(31). See bandŕ. - -músiko S. musician 110(31). - --muň`: ipinagkákamuň` is the cause of partial hardening 272(37). - -muwŕng information 82(6). - - - - - -N - -(See also D, S, T.) - -na ng m attributive 15. 20. 37. 45. 49. 119. 122-159 and Syntax, -passim. - -nŕ already -18(39). 47. 223. 224. 226. 227. 229. 242. 244. 341(3,c). 342. 437. - -nagíging, see -gěng. - --nagínip: panagínip dream 225(13). - nanagínip dreamt 240(21). - nanŕnagínip is dreaming 240(20). - pananagínip a dreaming 240(17). - nŕpanagínip was dreamt 297(22). - -nagěng, see -gěng. - -nákaw that stolen 221(9). - numákaw stole 32(39). - pagnákaw a stealing 104(1). - magnákaw commit theft 170(4). 244(17). - nagnákaw did some stealing 155(41). - pagnanákaw thievery 38(2). - magnanákaw thief, robber 36(29). - nakáwin be stolen 102(24). - nŕnakáwin will be stolen 32(35). - ninákaw was stolen 32(36). - ninŕnákaw is being stolen 102(24). - pinagnakŕw was variously stolen 120(32). - nakáwan be stolen from 234(8). - ninakáwan was stolen from 252(22). - nakawŕn robbery 178(37). - nakapagnŕnákaw is able to commit thefts 102(17). - mŕnákaw get stolen 102(27). - nŕnákaw got stolen 102(27). - mŕnakáwan chance to be stolen from 24(3). - nŕnŕnakáwan chances to be stolen from 102(20). - -namŕn on the other hand, however 22(32). 47. 224. - -námin, see ámin. - -nánay mother 116(17). 59. - magnánay mother and child 242(15). - magnanánay pl. 242(31). - -nŕndon, see doňn. - --nang, see ang. - -Narsíso S. n. 296(30). - -nása, nŕsása, see sa. - --nátin, see -átin. - --náog: manáog come down from one's dwelling 264(23). - nanáog came down 38(16). - nanŕnáog is descending 100(25). - panáog come down 151(40). - pagpanáog a descending 302(20). - magsěsipanáog will descend, pl. 108(13). - nagsěsipanáog are descending 106(29). - pinanaúgan was come down from 308(18). - -nawŕ`, see áwa`. - --ni, see si. - -ně S. nor; any, and, and not 22(22). 48. 68. 253. 319. - -nilŕ, see silŕ and sinŕ. - --ninŕ, see sinŕ. - --niniyň, see iniyň. - --níno, see síno. - -ningněng glow 40(16). - nagníningněng glows 40(15). - -nirč, see irč. - --nitŕ, see kitŕ. - --nitň, see itň. - --niyŕ, see siyŕ. - --niyŕn, see iyŕn. - --niyáya`, see yáya`. - -niyňg cocoanut 24(1). - See púno`, - niyúgan cocoanut-grove 259(3). - -niyňn, see iyňn. - -nobéla S. novel 86(19). - -nóbiyo S. fiancé 92(31). - -núno` ghost 34(32). - --noňd: nanúnoňd is looking on 48(36). - nagsísipanoňd pl. 48(29). - panunoňd a looking on 296(37). - panoorěn be looked at 108(29). - pinanónoňd is being looked at 108(32). - -noňn, see iyňn. - - - - - -Ng - -(See also K.) - -ng, see na. - -ngŕ` indeed, please 40(21). 47. 226. 229. - -ngálan name 156(11). - pangálan id. 26(16). - -ngayňn now, today 28(7). 262(11). 302. - --ngitě`: ngumíngitě` is smiling 228(26). - nŕngěngitě` is asmile 92(28). - --ngiyŕw: ngumiyŕw mewed 84(27). - -ngúnit but 30(6). 320. 322. - - - - - -P (F) - -pŕ still, yet, more 24(16). 47. 226. 243. 248. 314. - -paŕ foot, leg 18(15). - Paŕ-ng-bundňk place-n. 118(25). - pinaahŕn was caught by the leg, hurt in the leg 252(25). - paanŕn be turned the feet to 252(29). base, foot 98(40). - pinaanŕn was turned the feet to 252(27). - paánan base, foot 90(30). - -Páblo S. n. 283(22). - -padčr S. wall 52(11). - --padpŕd: nápadpŕd was cast by chance 96(2). - -pag when, if 32(13). 45. 300. 303. - -pagakpŕk applause 219(41). - pagakpakŕn be applauded 197(36). - pŕgakpákan applause by many 257(40). - -pagigěng, see -gěng. - -pagítan place between, interval 258(31). 271(17). - pumagítan took position between 228(26). - pamamagítan an acting as means 24(33). 38(34). - ipinagítan was placed between 248(25). - nŕpŕpagítan is between 171(21). - -pagkŕ as soon as, after, when 181(27). 48. 296. 300. 304. 306. - -pagkět wax 221(11). - -págod weariness 76(1). - pagňd tired 66(33). - -pagňng turtle 16(1). - -Páho` place-n. 120(11). - -páin bait 108(14). - pagpapáin a catching with bait 108(39). - -pákay purpose, aim 50(33). - -páko` nail 218(38). - páko ng babŕ`: mapagpáko-m-babŕ` over-modest 289(28). - pakuŕn nailing-place 260(20). - nŕpŕpáko` is nailed 20(24). - -pakuwŕn watermelon 203(37). - -palŕ but otherwise 209(25). 47. 228. 301. - -pála` gift, prize, favor 90(12). See gantě. - -pálad palm of hand 106(37). See kasamaŕn, kasawiŕn, sawě`. - nagkapálad had good fortune 34(3). 78(38). - nagkŕkapálad has the good fortune 40(24). - kapaláran fortune 60(17). - -palakŕ` frog 228(11). - -palakňl hatchet 240(5). - -palŕnsa plŕnsa (S.) flat-iron 212(32). 227(42). - pinalŕnsa was ironed 244(30). - -palásiyo S. palace 26(26). - -palatňn S. dish 193(3). - -pálay rice, standing or in hull 163(19). See bantŕy, tánod. - -palayňk earthenware pot 74(5). - -palibhása` for the reason, because 54(20). 265(8). - -palět exchange 148(26). - pinalitŕn was supplanted 104(12). - -pálo` hit, strike 183(25). - pamálo` club, cudgel 70(16). - palúin be caned 195(35). - ikinŕpálo` was the cause of getting thrashed 273(34). - pagkŕpálo` a thrashing that was got 272(16). - -pálong comb of rooster 291(16). - -famíliya S. family 54(4). - -Pampŕngga S. place-n. 173(9). See lalawígan, prověnsiya. - -pána` arrow 228(28). - pumána` shot an arrow at 228(28). - pinána` was shot with an arrow 244(31). - nakŕpána` chanced to hit with an arrow 291(32). - -panahňn time 34(25). 50(5). 52(32). - --pánaw: pumánaw departed 228(29). - pumŕpánaw is departing 92(25). - pagpánaw a departing 114(17). - pinanáwan was parted from 92(27). - -panŕy constant 72(20). 82(6). - kapanayŕn continuance 276(34). - --panhěk: pumanhěk entered (a dwelling), went up into (a house) -38(27). 72(8). - pumápanhěk is entering 106(9). - pinanhikŕn was entered 175(41). - mápanhěk get in 106(15). - pagkápanhěk a getting in 72(9). - pinapanhikŕn was caused to be entered 52(14). - -paníki bat 210(26). See báhay. - -paniyň S. handkerchief 147(1). - -pansěn noticeable 219(8). - pansiněn be paid attention to 46(1). - pŕpansiněn will be minded 96(35). - pinansěn was paid attention to 20(41). 94(2). - pinápansěn is being paid attention to 54(19). - nŕpŕpansěn gets noticed 100(19). - -pantŕy leveled 223(32). - pantŕy-kawáyan height of a bamboo-plant 218(28). - pantŕy-pantŕy even, all level 118(30). 291(5). - kapantŕy of the same height 173(28). - magkapantŕy both of the same height 270(3). - kasingpantŕy id. 104(6). 315(1). - -páno, see anň. - --panukála`, see akála`. - -panňt bald-headed 219(10). - --pangŕw: nakapangŕw is pilloried 110(5). - nangŕpŕpangŕw have got into the pillory 110(9). - -panginoňn master 62(39). 86(31). 226(3). - -pangkŕt group, team 46(34). 76(21). 110(31). - pangkŕt-pangkŕt group by group 110(30). - -pangnŕn hand-basket 261(40). - -pangpŕng bank of stream 28(13). - Kapampángan Pampanga 189(23). - Kakapampangánan the Pampanga country 277(12). - -papáno, see anň. - --pápasa, see sa. - -papáya S. papaw 163(18). - -papčl S. paper 50(39). - -pára like 36(12). 67. 275. - -parŕ pára S. for 90(11). 286. 288. - -párang forest 62(29). - kaparángan wooded regions 82(36). - -pári` S. priest, Father 20(4). 256. - -parého S. equal 257(42). - paré-parého all equal 40(13). 224(1). - -Parěs S. Paris 220(31). - -partč S. part 82(21). - kapartč share 16(6). - --parň: parů-parň butterfly 88(24). - -pása, see sa. - -pasŕ` bruise 62(27). - -pásak that calked with 221(10). - pasakŕn calking-place 260(23). - -pasŕn that carried on the shoulders 98(36). - pumápasŕn carries on the shoulders 22(32). - pŕpasaněn will be carried on the shoulder 104(34). - pinasŕn was carried on the shoulder 104(38). - -Pasífiko S. Pacific 259(1). - -Pásig the Pasig; see ílog. - -pasígan beach 16(4). - --pasiyŕl (S.): magpasiyŕl take a walk 32(2). - magsipagpasiyŕl pl. 32(13). - magpápasiyŕl will take a walk 232(28). - magsísipagpasiyŕl pl. 32(15). - nagpasiyŕl took a walk 182(7). - nagsipagpasiyŕl pl. 279(1). - nakapagpasiyŕl was able to take a walk 200(14). - papasí-pasiyŕl walking about at intervals 96(6). - --pasiyčnsiya S.: magpasiyčnsiya rest content 56(8). - --paséyo S.: nagpŕpaséyo forms a procession 48(40). - -paskň S. Easter; Christmas 220(24). - -pastňl (S.) herdsman 116(7). - -páso` a burn 220(1). - pasň` burnt; pottery 222(40). - pumáso` burned 228(30). - mamáso` a blister 241(39). 244(12). - namáso` scorched 240(21). - napáso` has been burned 284(41). - --pások: pumások go in, enter 78(30). went in 30(17). 38(31). 50(19). - pumŕpások enters 42(13). - pŕpások will go in 192(5). - pagpások a going in 42(12). 96(26). - pasúkin be violently entered 262(19). - pinások was illicitly entered 237(41). - pinŕpások is being penetrated 118(30). - pinasúkan was entered 36(36). - makapások be able to enter 74(31). - makapŕpások will be able to enter 22(4). - nakapások was able to enter 80(2). 116(21). - pagkapások a having gone in 38(32). - pagkŕpások the way of getting put in 291(11). - mŕipások get put in 108(41). - nŕpasúkan chanced to be come upon in entering 297(37). - papások going in; asking to be taken in; ask to be taken in - 204(22). 299(29). 301(24). - papŕpások will ask to be taken in 301(40). - pagpapapások a causing to enter 272(39). - papasúkin be caused to enter 72(26). 80(30). - mapapŕpások will ask to be taken in 311(34). - napapások caused himself to be taken in; was able to be caused to - enter 311(23.32). - --pátag: ikinŕpátag chanced to be the cause of staying quiet 116(11). - -patŕk a drop 96(29). - -patŕy dead person 20(8). 38(25). - pamatŕy used for killing 225(15). - pamatŕy-kúto louse-killer, thumb 225(15). - pumatŕy (arch. matŕy) kill 231(2). - pagpatŕy a killing 227(4). - patayěn pataěn be killed 84(22). - pŕpatayěn pŕpataěn will be killed 28(20). 44(16). - pinatŕy was killed 244(33). - patayŕn be killed for 252(32). - pinagpatayŕn was killed in 274(31). - pŕtáyan mortal combat; slaughter-house 190(15). 259(3). - kapŕpatayŕn will be the place of killing 279(18). - kapŕtáyan one of two who kill each other 277(42). - mapatŕy be able to be killed 283(35). - napatŕy has been killed 284(14). - pagkapatŕy a having killed 282(35). - mápatŕy get killed 36(19). 293(42). - mŕpŕpatŕy will get killed 18(12). - nápatŕy got killed 26(12). 38(3). 84(28). - pagkápatŕy a chance killing 291(12). 292(15). - ipinapápatŕy is being caused to be extinguished 122(6). - -patě also, even 110(34). 112(20). 68. 305. - -patěd a breaking, an interruption 42(4). 44(42). 58(1). broken 223(33). - pumatěd break, tr. 228(31). - kapatěd broken from the same piece; brother, sister 32(8). 266(16). - kapatěd-kongkristiyános brother-Christians 50(22). 210(16). - magkapatěd two brothers or sisters, brother and sister 46(20). - magkakapatěd pl. 270(14). - kinákapatěd child of one's godparents 271(30). - magkinákapatěd two people, one of whom is the child of the other's - godparents 271(31). - magkikinákapatěd pl. 271(32). - kapŕpatirŕn will be the place of breaking 274(29). - kinapatirŕn was the place of breaking 274(27). - kapŕtíran one of two who break together 277(43). - mapatěd break off, cease 60(9). - napatěd broke off 78(16). - napatirŕn was broken in, suffered a fracture 88(28). - -patěs shrimp-sauce 259(5). - patisŕn be spiced with shrimp-sauce 252(33). - pŕtísan cannery for shrimp-sauce 259(5). - -pátiyo S. court-yard 98(20). - -Patrísiyo S. n. 275(28). - -patrúliya S. patrol 122(20). - -páto S. duck 116(38). - -patumanggŕ` regard, consideration 22(24). - --pátung: nŕpŕpátung is placed on 116(1). - -Patúpat derisive n. 50(3). - --páwi`: pawě` allayed 222(42). - nakapŕpáwi` will allay 28(35). 280(37). - napáwi` has subsided 279(34). - -páwid nipa fibre 30(37). - --páwis: pumŕpáwis is sweating 22(8). - --páyag: pumáyag consent 30(5). consented 18(29). - pumŕpáyag consents 228(34). - ipináyag was granted 248(26). - pinayágan was agreed to 252(33). - -payápa` tranquil 219(11). - kapayapaŕn tranquility 116(9). - -páyo advice 52(24). - ipináyo was suggested 28(36). - -páyong umbrella 166(27). - -Pédro S. n. 20(2). - -pígil that restrained 134(28). - pigěl under control 223(1). - nagsipígil controlled, pl. 282(14). - pigílin be brought under control 66(23). - nŕpigílan got restrained 66(17). 100(36). - --píhit: puměpíhit turns round 68(10). - -pího surely 18(11). - piního was ascertained 44(33). - -piklŕt scar 219(9). - -pěknik E. picnic 235(34). - -píko S. a pick 58(33). - --píli`: pumíli` chose 228(34). - mamíli` choose out 16(24). - namíli` selected 186(20). - piníli` was chosen 244(34). - mŕpíli` get chosen 241(34). - nŕpěpíli` is preferred 293(21). - -pilěk fin, lash 210(30). Corrigenda. - pilěk-matŕ eyelash 210(30). Corrigenda. - pilikŕn have the fins removed 252(34). - -píling side, proximity 90(8). - -Felípe S. n. 208(1). - -Filipínas S. the Philippines 40(2). See kapuluŕn. - --pílit: pumílit effected by trying hard 228(37). - puměpílit is trying hard 228(35). - pagpílit a trying hard 64(1). - nagpílit tried very hard 44(5). 50(14). - nagpěpílit tries very hard 44(20). 234(17). - nagpůpumílit is making an extreme effort 168(14). 235(32). - pilítin be striven for 18(17). 184(35). - pinílit was compelled 244(35). - pagpilítan was striven for 297(2). - napěpilítan is compelled 112(28). - -pelóta S. ball 48(11). - -pínsan cousin 39. 42. - magpipínsan group of cousins 242(32). - -pintŕ S. paint, painting 219(12). - pintahŕn be painted 252(35). - pintáhan place for paint; see báhay. - -pintŕs that found fault with 221(13). - pintasŕn be found fault with 252(36). - pintásan mutual fault-finding 257(42). - kapintásan reprehensible quality 310(40). - -pintň` door 78(30). See bantŕy. - pintúan doorway 22(2). - -pinggŕ carrying-pole 158(12). - -pinggŕn dishes 114(7). - -pípa S. cigarette-mouthpiece 249(29). - -Pépe S. short-n. 279(5). - -pípe dumb 86(23). - napípe became dumb 285(28). - pagkapípe dumbness 86(23). - -pipíno S. cucumber 76(16). - -pipět stone-sparrow 197(21). - -péras S. pears 189(16). - -piráso (S.) piece broken off - piráso-ng-káhoy piece of wood 56(38). - piráso-ng-lamŕn piece of meat 108(42) Corrigenda. - pirasúhin be broken off 252(6). - mapiráso go to pieces 300(19). - napiráso went to pieces 284(42). - -pirěnsa (S.) flat-iron 212(32). - pinirěnsa was ironed 223(4). - -Píro (S.) n., for Pédro. 138(28). - -píso S. peso, half-dollar 102(38). - --pitŕg: pětágan respect 118(9). - pinagpěpětagánan is being respected 256(8). - -pítak section 247(11). - pinítak section of rice-field 247(10). - --pitŕs: pumitŕs pick, pluck 22(35). picked 282(40). - pitasěn be picked 244(36). - pěpitasěn will be picked 22(37). - paměmitasěn will be picked selectively, in quantity 247(2). - pinamímitŕs is being gathered 246(42). - pitasŕn be picked from 252(37). - pamitasŕn be gathered from 256(36). - paměmitasŕn will be gathered from 256(38). - nagpětásan picked together 236(17). - napitŕs has been picked 284(43). - nápitŕs got picked 293(22). - nŕpěpitŕs is picked 24(16). - -pitěk fillip 225(14). - pamitěk single rein 72(1). - pumitěk give a fillip 228(37). - -Pétra S. n. 240(29). - -fétsa S. date 271(16). - -pitsňn S. pigeon 252(32). - -píto S. small flute, whistle 227(39). - -pitň seven 20(5). 67. - pitň ng pů`: pamitň-ng-pů` number seventy 225(42). - pamitň number seven 225(38). - ikapitň seventh 32(4). - -piyáno S. piano 167(21). - -fiyčsta piyčsta S. fiesta 98(35). 137(37). - kapiyestáhan holiday 110(11). - -plŕnsa, see palŕnsa. - -Pransěsko S. n. 50(20). - -presidčnte S. magistrate 38(1). - --prubŕ S.: prubahŕn be proved 52(3). - půprubahŕn will be proved 52(4). - -prověnsiya S. province 50(1). - prověnsiya-ng-Pampŕngga Pampanga province 210(29). - -pň` deferential particle 20(37). 47. 229. - -pů` ten 38(6). 134. See isŕ, dalawŕ, etc. - -púgad nest 228(9). - --pukpňk: pamukpňk mallet 90(30). - pumúpukpňk is pounding 228(38). - -pukňl a throw 106(36). - pagpukňl a throwing 281(35). - magpupukňl throw repeatedly 238(38). - pinúpukňl is being thrown at 112(8). - mapamukňl given to throwing things 289(39). - -pulŕ red, redness 147(1). - pulahŕn all red 261(12). - kapulŕ what redness 173(40). - -Polikŕrpiyo S. family-n. 189(43). - -polěs S. policeman 34(26). - -půlpito S. pulpit 20(28). - -pulň` island 255(14). - kapuluŕn kapuluwŕn archipelago 24(30). - kapuluŕ-ng-Filipínas the Philippine archipelago 56(24). - -pulúbe beggar 72(30). - -púlong crowd 229(13). - -púlot that picked up 221(15). - namúlot gathered up 32(23). - mámumulňt gleaner 243(17). - pinamúlot was picked up selectively, in quantity 247(3). - pinulútan was picked up in 252(38). - půlútan a scramble 259(33). - nŕpúlot got picked up 62(30). - nŕpůpúlot gets picked up 40(8). - -pulňt honey 174(7). - --púnas: nagpůpúnas is scrubbing 232(29). - pinůpunásan is being scrubbed 252(40). - -púnit small hole, tear 169(2). - punět-punět full of small holes 259(6). - --punlŕ`: punláan germinating-plot 243(40). - -punsň ant-hill 66(1). - -puntŕ S. direction of going 106(2). - nagsipuntŕ went to, pl. 116(18). - púpuntŕ will go to 193(24). - nagsísipuntŕ are going to 108(1). - pagpuntŕ a going toward 104(35). 106(4). 116(20). - puntahŕn be gone to 40(9). - pinuntahŕn was gone toward 32(20). - papuntŕ towards 84(36). - napapúpuntŕ is able to be directed 48(10). - -púno` head: of wood (i. e. tree) 16(8). - of grass (i. e. blade) 76(31). - of bridge 248(16). - stem end of fruit 203(38). - chief 306(11). - beginning 50(15). - púno-ng-damň blade of grass 76(29). - púno-ng-káhoy tree 34(39). - púno-ng-manggŕ mango-tree 254(37). - púno-ng-niyňg cocoanut-tree 22(34). - púno-ng-ságing banana-tree 16(3). - púno-ng-súha` grape-fruit-tree 36(34). - pinúno` chief, official 56(27). 116(22). - pŕmunúan initiator 262(7). - -punň` filled, full 36(40). 76(30). - punŕn be completed, be added to 252(41). - půnúan all full 118(21). 258(1). - napunň` became full 26(9). - -purgŕ S. purge 230(11). - -purgatóriyo S. purgatory 50(17). - -púri honor, respectability 94(12). See kasiraŕn. - nagpúri an honoring 48(38). 60(9). - nagpurihŕn praised one another 236(39). - nagpůpurihŕn are praising one another 236(41). - mapúri honorable 289(8). - nagmápurě praised himself 238(25). - nagmŕmŕpurě is praising himself 238(25). - pagmamápurě praising oneself 238(26). - nagpakamápurě praised himself much 309(28). - -Port-Ŕrtur S. Port Arthur 306(19). - --purňl: mapurňl dull 225(6). - mapúpurňl will get dull 248(31). - -púsa` cat 84(1). - -pustŕ S. a bet 60(29). - nagsipustŕ made a bet, pl. 60(34). - pustáhan a betting together 60(33). 102(40). - nakipagpustáhan entered into a bet with 102(34). - -púso` heart 218(24). - --putŕk: nagpúpuputŕk is cackling much 238(40). - půtákan cackling by many 238(10). - palapůtákin given to cackling 315(10). - -fůtbol E. football 46(35). - -putě` white 219(12). - pŕputiěn be made too white 305(12). - pŕputiŕn be made very white 308(39). - -pútik mud, clay 86(37). - putíkan be made muddy 253(1). - putikŕn muddy place, person, thing; clay-pit 166(19). 260(24). - mapútik muddy 110(14). - -púto cake, bun 32(15). - -putňk crash, report 259(34). - pumutňk made a crash; there was a crash 64(31). - pinůputukŕn is reached by a crash 106(33). - -pútol a cut; that cut 220(2). 221(16). - p. nang p. cuts and cuts 222(10). - putňl cut 223(3). - putňl-putňl all cut up 224(16). - pamútol used for cutting 225(16). - pumútol cut 154(4). 199(27). 226(26). - magsipútol cut, pl. 262(26). - nagsipútol cut, did cut, pl. 190(22). - pumůpútol is cutting 228(39). - nagsěsipútol pl. 262(24). - půpútol will cut 228(40). - magsěsipútol pl. 191(8). - pagpútol a cutting 196(34). - magpútol cut several things, cut on oneself 228(21). - magsipagpútol pl. 262(38). - magpůpútol will cut 234(21). - magsěsipagpútol pl. 262(41). - nagpútol cut 234(24). - nagsipagpútol pl. 263(2). - nagpůpútol is cutting 202(14). - nagsěsipagpútol pl. 263(3). - pagpupútol a cutting 234(19). - magputňl cut variously or repeatedly, cut up 237(37). - magpúputňl will cut 237(38). - nagputňl cut 237(40). - nagpúputňl is cutting 237(42). - nagpúpuputňl is cutting to bits 239(9). - magpuputňl cutter 243(1). - mamútol cut selectively, in quantity, or as occupation 220(21). - magsipamútol pl. 263(24). - mamůmútol will cut 240(29). - magsěsipamútol pl. 263(26). - namútol cut 240(27). - namůmútol is cutting 240(27). - mámumutňl cutter 243(18). - pamumútol a cutting 240(23). - putúlin be cut 244(42). - půputúlin will be cut 58(27). 207(5). - pinútol was cut, cut off, stopped 38(34). 44(26). 154(10). - pinůpútol is being cut 58(36). 248(34). - pagputulěn be cut up 246(27). - pinagpúputňl is being cut up 246(25). - ipútol be cut for 248(29). - ipůpútol will be cut for 248(29). - ipinútol was cut for or with 154(15). 175(31). 248(28). - ipinůpútol is being cut for or with 181(15). 202(6). - ipagpútol be cut for 249(26). - ipagpůpútol will be cut for 249(27). - ipinagpútol was cut for or with 249(28). - ipinagpůpútol is being cut for or with 249(29). - ipamútol be used for cutting 250(17). - ipinamútol was used for cutting 250(13). - ipinamůmútol is being cut with or for, in quantity 187(13). 250(14). - putúlan putlŕn be cut from 253(5). - půputúlan půputlŕn will be cut from 253(7). - pinutúlan was cut from 118(28). 154(20). - pinůputlŕn is being cut from 60(1). 253(3). - pagputúlan be cut on 256(1). - pagputulŕn be cut from variously 256(13). - pinamutúlan was cut from selectively or in quantity 158(10). 256(40). - pinamůmutúlan is being cut from 256(33). - nagputulŕn cut together 236(43). - pakipútol that cut with others or as a favor 184(3). 263(40). - makipútol cut by permission 264(12). - makěkipútol will cut along with others 206(11). - nakipútol cut by permission 264(8). - nakěkipútol is cutting by permission 264(10). - pakikipútol a cutting by permission 264(13). - pakikipamútol a cutting, as occupation, by permission 264(39). - pakiputúlin be cut as a favor 264(43). - ipakipútol be cut as a favor 184(1). - ipakěkipútol will be asked to be cut 265(13). - ipakipagpútol be cut with as a favor 265(19). - ipakěkipagpútol will be cut for as a favor 265(23). - ipinakipagpútol was asked to be cut for 265(25). - ipinakěkipagpútol is being asked to be cut for 172(26). 265(28). - kapútol piece; brother, sister 16(5). 266(16). - magkapútol two such 270(5). - magkakapútol pl. 270(16). - kŕkapútol only a piece 267(6). - kapůpútol there has just been cutting 267(17). - kapagpůpútol there has just been cutting of several things 267(20). - kapŕpamútol there has just been cutting in quantity 267(23). - magkaputňl get broken in numbers 182(22). - magkákaputňl will many of them get broken 269(10). - nagkaputňl got broken in numbers 269(11). - nagkákaputňl is breaking in numbers 269(13). - magkáputňl-putňl break into many pieces 255(21). - magkŕkŕputňl-putňl will break into many pieces 271(23). - nagkáputňl-putňl broke into many pieces 271(19). - nagkŕkŕputňl-putňl gets mangled 271(21). - ikapútol be the cause of breaking 158(12). - ikapůpútol will be the cause of breaking or involuntary cutting - 272(19). - ikinapútol was the cause of breaking 272(15). - ikinapůpútol is the cause of breaking 272(17). - ipagkaputňl be the cause of breaking in numbers 273(9). - ipinagkaputňl was the cause of breaking in numbers 273(11). - ipinagkákaputňl is the cause of breaking in numbers 273(7). - kapůtúlan one of two who cut together 278(10). - makapútol be able to cut 269(7). - makapůpútol will be able to cut 281(41). - nakapútol has cut 282(22). - nakapůpútol is able to cut 281(39). - mapútol have been cut, be able to be cut 38(35). 60(4). 283(37). - mapůpútol will be able to be cut 283(38). - napútol has been cut, was cut 261(26). - nangapútol pl. 286(17). - napůpútol has just been cut, is cut 284(15). 285(1). - nangapůpútol pl. 286(19). - pagkapútol a having cut 282(37). - makapagpútol be able to cut several things 286(43). - nakapagpútol has cut 286(41). - nakapagpůpútol is able to cut 286(42). - maputúlan be cut from 185(21). - mapůputúlan will be cut from 288(13). - naputúlan was cut from 288(9). - napůputúlan is cut from 288(10). - napagputúlan was able to be cut on 288(26). - makŕpútol chance to cut 290(28). - makŕpůpútol will chance to cut 290(30). - nakŕpútol chanced to cut 24(34). 290(20). - nakŕpůpútol is by chance cutting 290(23). - mŕpútol get cut 294(3). - mŕpůpútol will get cut 294(5). - nŕpútol got cut 293(24.43). 294(2). - nŕpůpútol gets cut, is cut 201(30). - pagkŕpútol the way cutting got done 291(15). - mŕputúlan get cut from 238(2). - mŕpůputúlan will get cut from 297(41). - nŕputúlan got cut from 297(38). - nŕpůputúlan gets cut from 297(39). - papútol that caused to be cut 299(15). - paputňl transversely 166(21). - kapŕpapútol there has just been causing to cut 301(11). - kapagpŕpapútol there has just been causing to cut several things - 301(13). - papůpútol will ask to have cut 302(2). - magpapútol cause to be cut 225(1). - magpŕpapútol will cause to be cut 191(6). - nagpapútol caused to be cut 303(13). - nagpŕpapútol is causing to be cut 303(14). - pagpapapútol a causing to be cut 303(15). - paputúlin be caused to be cut 304(39). - papůputúlin will be caused to cut 304(40). - pinapútol was caused to cut 153(23). - pinapůpútol is being caused to cut 304(37). - papagputúlin be caused to cut on oneself 305(23). - papagpůputúlin will be caused to cut several things 305(24). - pinapagpútol was caused to cut 181(27). - pinapagpůpútol is being caused to cut 181(16). - papamutúlin be caused to cut selectively, in quantity, or as - occupation 305(35). - papamůmutúlin will be caused to cut 305(36). - ipapútol be caused to be cut 306(25). - ipapůpútol will be caused to be cut 306(23). - ipinapútol was caused to be cut 204(10). - ipinapůpútol is being caused to be cut 306(22). - ipakipapútol be asked to be caused to be cut 307(29). - ipakěkipapútol will be asked to be caused to be cut 307(32). - ipinakipapútol was asked to be caused to be cut 307(34). - paputúlan be caused to be cut from 308(24). - papůputúlan will be caused to be cut from 308(25). - pinaputúlan was caused to be cut from 308(19). - pinapůputúlan is being caused to be cut from 308(22). - makapagpapútol be able to cause to be cut 311(12). - makŕkapagpapútol will be able to cause to be cut 311(15). - nakapagpapútol has been caused to be cut 311(8). - nakŕkapagpapútol is able to cause to be cut 311(10). - napapútol asked to be cut for 311(38). - napapůpútol asks to be cut for 311(40). - palaputulěn brittle 315(21). - tagapútol person whose duty it is to cut 315(32). - -poňk place, district 40(2). - -poňn lord, saint 104(5). 182(40). - pinópoňn is being worshipped 189(3). - --puwŕ`, see kápuwŕ`. - --púyat: nagpúyat staid up, watched 232(30). - nagpuyŕt repeatedly staid up 238(1). - pagpupuyŕt a repeated staying up 297(7). - namůmúyat keeps from sleeping, keeps up 240(31). - pinúyat was kept up late 245(2). - - - - - -S. - -sa loc. particle 16(2). 45. 49. 195-212. 306. 515. - sa lawŕ: sŕ-lawáhan fickle 94(1). 259(20). - sa ulč`: pagsa-ulŕn be returned to 62(12). 72(13). - pinagsa-ulŕn was returned to 44(25). 256(7). - nása is in 18(22). 314(7). - nangása pl. 118(35). - násŕsa is being in 36(16). 44(1). - pása go to 20(18). 314(9). - pápŕsa will go to 314(10). - mápasa get to 94(4). - mápŕpasa will get to 314(15). - nápasa went by chance 116(30). 279(4). - nápŕpasa comes by chance to 106(26). - pagkápasa a chance coming to 60(21). 314(16). - -sŕ, see isŕ. - -saŕn loc. of anň: where? to what? 42(14). 64(37). 316(34). 264. - --sabŕd: isinabŕd was said in interruption, was thrust in 102(22). - --sabŕy: sabŕy-sabŕy all at the same time 224(2). - sinabayŕn was accompanied 82(32). - pagkakásabŕy a happening at the same time 270(42). - -sábi that said 24(8). 74(36). 198(12). 276. - sabě-sabě chance talk 116(10). 120(9). - nagsábi said 26(14). 36(29). - nagsipagsábi pl. 26(5). - nagsŕsábi is saying 156(40). - pagsasábi a saying 155(24). - sabíhin be said 30(15). 50(24). - sŕsabíhin will be said 20(11). 30(14). - sinábi was said 16(17). - sinŕsábi is being said 96(9). - pinagsabě was variously said 156(13). - pinagsabě-sabě was repeatedly said 246(34). - ipinagsábi was told about 249(35). - pinagsabíhan was told, was ordered 20(15). 32(26). - kasabihŕn proverb 276(11). - pagkasábi a having said 70(28). - makapagsábi be able to tell 52(9). - nakapagsábi was able to tell 76(25). - mŕsŕsábi will get said 92(37). - pagkŕsábi a getting said 80(1). 100(36). - --sábit: sabitŕn clothes-rack 258(38). - nakasábit is hanging (from a nail, peg, etc.) 281(4). - --sábog: nagsábog strewed 16(20). - nŕsŕsábog is lying scattered 90(30). 108(19). - nangŕsábog got scattered, pl. 293(40). - -sabňn S. soap 184(34). - --sábong: pangsábong used for cock-fighting 297(42). - pagsasábong cock-fighting 312(17). - sabungŕn cockpit, cock-fight 304(1). - sabungéro cock-fighter 98(21). 316(11). - --sabuwŕt: kasabuwŕt accomplice 298(19). - -sáboy a sprinkling 68(3). - sumŕsáboy is splashing, intr. 228(41). - pagsáboy sprinkling 68(40). - nagsŕsáboy is scattering 68(9). - isináboy was sprinkled 268(11). - sinŕsabúyan is being sprinkled at 68(24). - napŕpasáboy falls scattering 70(4). - -sadiyŕ` that come for 38(26). 78(28). 221(18) - magsadiyŕ` go for one's purpose 74(28). - nagsadiyŕ` went for his purpose 74(33). - sinadiyŕ` was done intentionally 233(36). - sinásadiyŕ` is being done intentionally 62(13). 98(32). - -sagŕd close-cropped 219(13). - --sagása`: sumagása` knock, jostle 229(1). - sagasáin be hit upon, be conflicted with 245(3). - sinagasáan was bumped into 22(24). - nagsŕgasaán jostled each other 237(1). - pagsasŕgasaŕn a jostling each other 237(1). - mŕsagasáan get run into 271(22). - nŕsagasáan got run into 297(43). - -ságing banana 16(8). See púno`. - sagíngan banana-grove 250(40). - -sagitsět sizzling 114(10). - -sagňt that answered 26(23). 44(15). - sumagňt answer 44(10). answered 26(1). - sumásagňt answers 44(2). - sinagňt was given an answer 191(41). - isinagňt was said in reply 16(18). - makasagňt be able to answer 76(4). - nakasagňt was able to answer 68(21). - -saguwŕn a paddle 261(41). - sumaguwŕn paddled 229(1). - pagsaguwŕn a paddling 82(12). - -sahěg flooring, floor 114(43). - isinásahěg is being used as flooring 248(32). - --sáhod: sumáhod hold under 229(1). - isáhod be held under 248(34). - --sáing: magsáing cook rice dry 232(30). - sináing ration of rice, not yet served 229(8). - -sakŕ` then, afterwards 52(30). 68(21). 243. - --sakŕl: pagsakŕl choking 227(5). - -sakatéro S. grass-cutter 96(2). - -sakŕy person carried in a vehicle 80(36). - pangsakŕy used for riding or driving 225(18). - sumakŕy mount, ride 72(1). mounted 52(37). - sumásakŕy is mounting, is getting on or in (a vehicle) 229(2). - pagsakŕy mounting, riding 70(40). 167(41). - nagsakŕy took into a vehicle 234(25). - pagsasakŕy a taking into a vehicle 272(2). - isinakŕy was put on a vehicle 306(16). - ipinagsakŕy was taken into a vehicle 249(37). - sakyŕn be embarked in 253(10). - sinakyŕn was ridden in 253(9). - sinŕsakyŕn is being ridden in 82(32). - sŕkáyan embarkation by many 258(3). - sasakyŕn vehicle 219(35). - nakíkisakŕy embarks along with others 98(18). - ikinásakŕy was the cause of chance mounting 273(36). - nakasakŕy has mounted, is mounted 100(23). 281(15). - nakasásakŕy is able to mount 281(43). - pagkasakŕy a past mounting, ability to mount 282(12.39). - nasakyŕn was able to be mounted 228(16). - násakŕy got put on a vehicle 294(28). - nŕsŕsakŕy is in a vehicle 114(22). - pagkásakŕy a chance mounting or riding 292(17). 294(36). 295(41). - nŕsakyŕn got mounted 298(1). - pasakŕy that caused to be taken into a vehicle 299(17). in riding - position, astride 299(30). - nagpasakŕy caused to be put on a vehicle 268(25). - pagpapasakŕy a causing to be put on a vehicle 303(17). - ipinasakŕy was caused to be put on a vehicle 306(26). - ipinagpasakŕy was caused to be used for riding 307(21). - pinasakyŕn was caused to be mounted 308(28). - ipinagkápasakŕy was the cause of causing to ride 310(18). - -sakdŕl accusation 54(36). - isinakdŕl was charged 56(12). - ipinagsakdŕl was accused 54(31). - --sakěm: kasakimŕn selfishness 28(34). 74(20). - -sákit (a) grief 223(20). - pasákit suffering caused 42(43). - nagpasákit caused suffering to be undergone 303(20). - ipinasákit was caused to be suffered 22(7). - pinasŕsakítan is being caused to suffer 40(40). - --(b) Accent shifted: sakět pain, sickness 30(28). 42(3). 223(18). - sumakět hurt, injure 188(30). - sinŕsaktŕn is being hurt 60(1). 70(15). - nagkasakět got sick 54(7). 78(24). - pagkakasakět a getting sick 269(8). - ipinagkasakět was the cause of getting sick 273(14). - nakasakět cause injury 313(32). - masakět sore 40(41). 281(31). - masaktŕn be hurt 206(24). - masŕsaktŕn will be hurt 204(2). - nasaktŕn got hurt 264(25). - palasŕkítin one who easily gets sick 315(14). - -sáko S. sack 104(15). - --sákop: sakňp included 290(31). - pagsákop an including, a saving 306(42). - mŕnanákop savior 20(33). - nasŕsákop is included, is under control 116(31). - -sála failure, offense 38(2). - sumála fail, miss, 64(42). failed 229(4). - saláhan be omitted, skipped 253(11). - sanglŕn be missed 253(14). - sinanglŕn was missed 253(12). - nagkŕsála sinned against 271(1). - pagkakŕsála a sinning against 290(1). - kasalánan sin 20(32). 98(7). - makasalánan 22(1). 74(22). 289(22). - pagkasála a having missed 272(10). 286(3). - -salakŕb fish-trap 243(7). - mánanalakŕb fish-trapper 243(7). - --salákay: pagsalákay an attacking 122(10). - pananalákay a repeated attacking 122(23). - sinalakáyan was attacked 122(9). - -salakňt rain-hat of palm-leaves 212(22). - -salamangkŕ S. sleight-of-hand trick 202(37). - -salámat thanks 16(32). 152(4). - magpasalámat give thanks, thank 160(15). - napasalámat was thankful 88(16). - -salaměn glass, looking-glass, eye-glass 60(7). 238(39). n. of dog -147(22). - -salapě` money; half-dollar 30(27). 252(41). - -salŕt needy 219(14). - kasalatŕn lack 239(35). - -salawŕl trousers 122(1). - --salaysŕy: isinalaysŕy was narrated 38(5). - -salbáhi S. savage, brutal; brute 44(4). 50(17). 70(25). - kasalbahíhan brutality 54(28). - --sáli: isáli be taken along, be included 248(37). - isináli was included 248(36). - kasáli participant 22(18). 48(5). - nŕkasáli got taken as companion 296(28). - makŕsáli chance to take part 114(28). - -salitŕ` word, speech 18(13). 20(41). - magsalitŕ` speak 28(39). 80(37). - nagsalitŕ` spoke 104(19). - pagsasalitŕ` a speaking 80(40). - pananalitŕ` manner of speaking 44(35). 50(15). - pinagsalitaŕn was spoken to 76(3). - sŕlitáan conversation 32(7). 44(20). - magsŕlitáan converse 114(5). - nagsŕsŕlitáan are conversing 86(32). - pagsasŕlitáan a conversing 28(11). 64(10). 88(3). - kasŕlitáan one of two who converse together 278(2). - makapagsalitŕ` be able to speak 50(14). - --sálo: kasálo fellow-partaker 42(8). - --salúbong: sinalúbong was met 18(40). 66(19). - -sálok dipper; basket 229(6). - sumálok dip out water 229(6). - --salúkoy: kasalukúyan present, at the same time 36(40). 260(11). - -salňp a dry measure; see kabŕn. - -sáma (a) come along, go along 182(26). 222(5). - sumáma go along 32(13). 66(30). went along 140(19). - sŕsáma will go along 84(12). - pagsáma a going along 104(30). - pagsasáma a going together 54(18). - isáma be taken along 84(32). - isináma was taken along 86(28). - samáhan be gone with 253(14). - sinamáhan was gone with 186(20). - sŕsamáhan will be gone with 68(34). - sŕmáhan society, company 296(32). - sŕmáha-ng-Sumúlong the Sumulong Co. 210(30). - sŕmáha-ng-ópera opera company 303(10). - makisáma go along with 202(23). - kasáma companion 30(9.22). 50(39). 273. - magkakasáma group of three or more companions 28(25). 48(39). - --(b) With accent-shift: samŕ act as partners 223(20). - kasamŕ field-worker, peon 72(32). 86(22). - kasamahŕn partner 108(32). 210(35). See Sumúlong. - magkakasamahŕn group of three or more 207(41). 278(40). - -samŕ` badness, injury 218(31). - kasamaŕn badness, injuriousness 276 (37). - kasamaŕ-ng-pálad bad fortune 42(28). - masamŕ` bad, hurtful, ugly 40(14). 50(7). 58(39). - -sambalílo (S.) hat 137(42). - -sampŕl a slap 24(23). - sinampŕl was slapped 24(22). - -sampŕy that hung across 251(33). - nagsampŕy hung across, tr. 232(31). - isinampŕy was hung across 248(38). - sampáyan clothes-line 223(33). - -Sam-Pédro S. St. Peter 72(27). - -sána in that case, then 34(17). 74(23). 47. 230. - -San-Antóniyo S. place-n. 34(29). See táo. - -sánay practice 46(16). - sanŕy practised 46(24). - pasasánay a drilling 116(29). - pagkasánay a past practising 46(23). - -San-Visčnte S. place-n. 220(40). - -sandalě` moment, while, short space of time 18(6). 24(11). - -sandáliyas S. sandals 278(35). - -sandňk cooking-dipper of cocoanut-shell 74(5). - sumandňk dipped out 229(8). - -sanhě` cause 190(16). - --sánib: sumánib make one's sleeping-mat overlap 229(8). - isánib be made to overlap 248(7). - kasánib overlapping 266(18). - magkasánib two that overlap 269(38). - -San-Ildepňnso S. place-n. 100(10). See lúpa`. - -San-Matéyo S. place-n., see báyan. - -San-Migčl S. place-n. 50(9). 116(6). See báyan. - -sŕnto S. saint 98(15). 104(15). - -Sŕntos S. family-n. 209(26). - -santňl fruit and tree of Sandoricum Indicum L. 34(40). - -sangŕ bough 34(28). 118(28). - --sanggŕ: sumásanggŕ is warding off 106(36). - sinásanggŕ is being warded off 106(35). - -Sang-Huwŕn S. St. John 104(6). 110(10). - -sangkálan chopping-block 256(1). - -sangkŕp accompaniment 221(22). - kasangkŕp id. 266(20). - kasangkápan utensil, tool, appurtenances 58(2.33). 74(6). - --sangl, see sála. - -sanlŕ` pledge 252(22). - sangláan place for pledges, see báhay. - -sápa` pond 88(26). - -sapagkŕt because 20(17). 201(36). 306. - --sapantáha`: sinapantáha` was conjectured 38(25). - -sapŕt sufficient 305(19). - -sapátos S. shoes 32(35). - --sápit: sumápit arrived, came 62(24). - --sarŕ: pangsarŕ instrument for closing 225(19). - sumásarŕ closes, intr. 225(20). - pagsasarŕ a closing, tr. 26(36). - isinarŕ was closed 80(1). - pagkásarŕ a chance closing 80(17). - --sarŕp: masasarŕp tasty, pl. 34 (39). - -sári` sárě-sári` various 48(15). 74(31). - -saríle self; own 48(33). 62(12). 72(13). 137. 169. 175. - -saríwa` moist; fresh 184(9). - nanaríwa` got fresh 76(40). - -satsŕt tonsure 106(21). - -sawě` awkward 219(15). 276(33). - sawě-ng-pálad unlucky 211(8). - nasawě-ng-pálad became unlucky 54(3). - kasawiŕn awkwardness 276(37). - kasawiŕ-ng-pálad bad fortune 94(37). - -sáya S. dress, skirt 240(41). - --sayŕ: kasŕyáhan gladness 275(27). - masayŕ gay 80(15). 92(28). - --sáyad: magsisáyad get wearied, pl. 118(20). - -sáyang that regretted 219(16). - nanghináyang grieved 292(14). - nanghěhináyang is mourning 241(24). - panghihináyang a mourning 241(26). - panghinayángan be regretted 257(6). - panghěhinayángan will be regretted 191(31). - pinanghinayángan was regretted 257(12). - pinanghěhinayángan is being regretted 257(13). - nasáyang went for naught 285(5). - --sayŕw: sumayŕw dance 110(32). danced 186(18). - sumásayŕw is dancing 112(2). - pagsayŕw a dancing 112(4). - nagsásayŕw is performing a dance 110(38). - sayawŕn be danced before 253(15). - sinayawŕn was danced to 186(21). - sŕyáwan dance by many; ball 112(5). 186(19). 258(4). - -si siy particle of names 20(2). 45. 58. 62. 78. 126. 162. 196. - ni disj., of, by 45. 162. - kay loc., to, for 45. 196. - -Sibňl place-n. 118(26). - -sibúyas S. onions 76(17). - -sigŕ` bonfire 66(16). - --sigŕng: isigŕng be put on the fire 248(39). - nakasigŕng is cooking 281(6). - -sigaríliyo S. cigarette 227(1). - -sigŕw that cried 221(23). - sumigŕw yelled 24(21). - sísigŕw will yell 24(19). - pagsigŕw a shouting 42(41). - nagsisigŕw kept shouting 16(31). 44(40). - nagsísisigŕw screams continually 40(42). - pagsisigŕw a continual shouting 16(26). 44(26). - isinigŕw was cried out 24(13). 68(39). - sinigawŕn was yelled at 253(16). - sěgáwan a shouting by many 258(5). - magsěsěgáwan will yell together 236(18). - pagsisěgáwan a yelling together 48(37). - nakasísigŕw is able to cry out 84(25). - pasigŕw in a shout 70(24). - nápasigŕw involuntarily gave a shout 88(27). - --sigl, see silěd. - --siglŕ: masiglŕ cheerful 276(35). - magpasiglŕ cause to be cheerful 112(11). - -sigúro S. no doubt 18(24). 80(39). - -siět spines at base of bamboo-cluster 246(27). - --síkad: sumíkad kicked at 229(9). - nagsísikŕd kicks repeatedly 238(3). - nagsísisikŕd is kicking much and repeatedly 239(11). - sinikáran was kicked at 253(17). - -síkat ray of light 66(22). - suměsíkat is shining 78(4). - --sikěp: sumikěp became narrow 229(10). - nagsikěp grew crowded 234(27). - masikěp crowded 98(39). - -sekréta S. spy 168(5). - --siksěk: sumiksěk crowded his way 229(13). - nagsísiksěk is stuffing 234(29). - nakěkipagsiksíkan takes part in the crowding 98(41). - -síko elbow 48(19). - -síko, see tsíko. - --síkot: pasíkot-síkot nooks and corners 300(33). - -silŕ they 18(27). 63. - nilŕ disj., by them, of them 16(7). 163. - kanilŕ prep. and loc., their, by them, them 18(26). 165. 169. - kaní-kanilŕ prep. and loc., their various, their respective - 26(37). 165. 169. - -silŕ, see sinŕ. - -silakbň a flare, leap 231(6). 254(26). - sumilakbň flared up 229(14). - siněsilakbuhŕn is being welled up in 22(15). - --sílang: sělángan place of rising 259(41). - silangŕn place of child-birth 260(26). - sělangánan east 163(27). - silángan east; place-n. 163(27). 261(13). - --silbč (S.): magsilbč serve 40(7). - pinagsěsilbihŕn is being waited on 64(12). - -síle S. chile pepper 76(16). - -silěd small room 84(39). 114(13). - sumilěd get into a small space 104(34). - isilěd be put in 248(40). - siglŕn be filled 138(5). - siniglŕn was filled 20(17.34). - siněsiglŕn is being filled 20(6). - pinagsisiglŕn was variously filled 118(7). 256(20). - pagkásilěd a chance putting away 104(37). - --sílip: sinílip was peeped at 106(20). - -síliya S. chair 234(12). - -sílong ground-floor, space under platform of house 260(29). - --simbŕ: magsimbŕ go to church 78(37). - nagsimbŕ went to church 242(18). - nagsísimbŕ goes to church 56(13). - simbáhan church 20(15). - mapagsimbŕ devout 98(10). - -sinŕ silŕ pl. particle of names 48. 60. 62. 162. 196. - ninŕ nilŕ disj., of, by 48. 162. - kinŕ loc., to, for 48. 196. - -sínag ray 66(36). - -síne S. cinematograph 204(22). - -sinélas S. sandals 70(1). - -séniyas S. signals 246(22). - --sintŕ: pagsintŕ a proffering love 229(16). - sinísintŕ is being loved 245(5). - -sčntimos S. centimos, cents 222(37). - -síno who? 97. 167. - síno-síno pl. 97. 131. - níno disj., of whom? by whom? 167. 168. - kaníno prep. and loc., whose? by whom? 168. 169. - kaní-kaníno pl. 168. 169. - -sinungáling mendacious 219(17). - nagsísinungalěng tells lies 238(5). - kasinungalíngan falsehood 276(38). - --singěl: paniningěl a dunning 313(1). - singilěn be dunned for 264(14). - sinísingěl is being claimed 54(23). - násingěl got collected 294(7). - -singkamŕs (S.) Pachyrizus angulatus Rich. 76(16). - --singkŕw: nagpasingkŕw caused to be hitched up 52(35). - -singsěng ring 102(2). - palŕsingsíngan the ring finger 315(25). - -sípa` that kicked away; football 46(32). - pagsípa` a kicking 48(15). - mŕninípa` football-player 48(24). - sipáin be kicked away 84(9). - sinípa` was kicked away 24(45). 84(3). - pinagsipŕ` was variously kicked 84(43). - pinagsisipŕ` was variously and repeatedly kicked 84(21). - sipéro football-player 316(11). - sipéros pl. 48(24). - --sípag: kasipágan diligence 276(38). - masípag diligent 64(14). - masisípag pl. 34(35). - --síra` (a) nagkasíra` got partly spoiled 268(37). - nakasěsíra` causes ruin 235(27). - masíra` be able to be destroyed 283(40). - nasíra` was destroyed; deceased 78(5). 285(7). - nasěsiráan gets damaged 301(24). - mŕsíra` get destroyed 293(26). - nŕsěsíra` gets destroyed 191(32). - --(b) Accent shifted: - sirŕ` destroyed 223(3). - kasirŕ` opponent in anger 266(42). - magkasirŕ` break with each other 24(28). - nagkasirŕ` had a falling out 269(20). - nagsipagkasirŕ` pl. 269(28). - kasiraŕn ruin 94(12). - kasiraŕ-ng-púri injury to honor 94(16). - -serbísiyo S. service 62(35). - -sčrmon S. sermon 20(16). - isinčsčrmon is being preached about 50(16). - sinčsčrmunan is being preached to 50(13). - --sísi: magsísi repent 20(31). - magsipagsísi pl. 22(2). - pagsisísi a repenting 22(25). - pinagsisíhan was repented 291(9). - --sísid: sumísid stay under water 168(41). - pagsísid a staying under water 309(10). - nŕsěsísid is submerged 88(35). - pagpapasísid a causing to dive 116(38). - -sítaw the cow-pea, Vigna catjang Endl. 76(16). - -siyŕ he, she; that which 47. 63. 106. - niyŕ disj., by him, of him, 47. 163. - kaniyŕ prep. and loc., his, by him, him 165. 169. - kásiyŕ sufficient 268(8). - magkŕkŕsiyŕ will be sufficient 271(4). - pagkŕsiyahŕn be a sufficient container 52(13). - makasísiyŕ will be adequate 281(7). - nasiyahŕn got what corresponded to it 66(21). - nasěsiyahŕn gets what corresponds to it 112(26). - --siyádo (S. demasiado) - :masiyádo excessive 54(19). 289(17). - -siyŕm nine 38(6). 67. pangsiyŕm number nine 225(38). - makásiyŕm nine times 298(33). - -siyásat that inquired into 203(5). - nagsiyásat inquired 28(2). 203(2). - pagsisiyásat an inquiring 66(21). - maniyásat pry into 240(33). - siniyásat was interrogated 64(34). - nasiyásat has been inquiring into 199(32). - mapagsiyásat inquisitive 40(20). - -siyčmpre S. always 262(13). - -siyéte-palábras S. Easter Mass 20(29). - -subálit but 322. - --subň: sumubň boiled over, intr. 52(12). - sinubhŕn was boiled over in 54(30). - -súbo` mouthful 221(24). - pagsusúbo` a feeding 219(15). - subúan be fed 253(19). - --súbok: nanůnúbok is spying 40(24). - subúkan be watched for, put to a test 68(8). 102(34). - sinubúkan was put to a test 56(39). - sinůsubúkan is being spied on 40(22). - masubúkan be able to be tested 265(20). - --sugŕl (S.): nagsúsugŕl is gambling 269(22). - nagsipagsugŕl gambled, pl. 190(34). - pagsusugŕl a gambling 251(29). - sůgálan gambling-party 174(29). - -súgat a wound 20(8). - sumúgat wounded 20(38). - sinugátan was wounded 253(20). - sugatŕn wounded person, the wounded 20(39). 260(28). - nagsugatŕn wounded each other 237(3). - masugátan be able to be wounded 36(21). - -súha` grape-fruit 34(40). See púno`. - -súhol a bribe 72(39). - -súka` wine set to sour, vinegar 289(2). - -súkat proper, fitting 58(18). 98(24). 268. - -suklŕy comb 229(19). - sumuklŕy combed 229(18). - nagsuklŕy combed himself 234(30). - sinuklŕy was combed 245(7). - sinuklayŕn id. 253(21). - nagpasuklŕy caused himself to be combed 303(22). - pinapagsuklŕy was caused to comb himself 305(26). - -súlat that written, letter 52(10). - sulŕt written 199(30). - sumúlat write 140(18). wrote 50(39). - sůsúlat will write 138(11). - sumůsúlat is writing 146(5). - pagsúlat a writing 140(29). - pagsusulŕt a writing in quantity 238(5). - panunúlat id. 240(35). - magsusulŕt clerk, scribe 243(2). - mánunulŕt id. 243(20). - sinúlat was written 154(8). 245(9). - isinúlat was put into writing 94(22). 184(35). - sulátan be written to 154(19). - sulatŕn writing-desk 217(13). - kasůlátan kasulatŕn correspondent 278(12. 24). - makasúlat be able to write 282(2). - nakasůsúlat is able to write 282(1). - nakŕsúlat happened to write 176(38). - tagasúlat writer 315(39). - tagapagpasúlat overseer of writers 316(5). - --súlid: sumúlid spin thread 229(19). - sinúlid thread 184(4). - -sulihiyŕ the weave 48(1). - -suléras S. joists 234(43). - --sulsč (S.): manulsč darn 169(2). - tagasulsč darning-woman 169(1). - -sulň` torch 90(26). - -súlok corner 52(33). 64(22). - sulňk-sulňk nooks and corners 64(21). - -súlong go ahead 151(39). - sumúlong push ahead 229(19). also as family-n. (Sumúlong at - kasamahŕn: see běgásan). - pagsúlong a pushing on; a going away 88(41). 308(36). - isůsúlong will be pushed forward 58(3). - isinůsúlong is being pushed ahead 230(3). - -súman steamed rice in banana-leaves 227(1). - -sombréro S. hat 137(41). - -sumbňng complaint 96(12). - nagsumbňng brought a charge 100(21). - ipagsumbňng be complained of 96(35). - ipinagsumbňng was complained of 38(1). 96(10). - palasumbúngin tattle-tale 315(10). - --sumpňng: pagsumpňng attack, fit 313(22). - sinumpňng was overcome 18(36). 84(14). - sinúsumpňng is being overcome 108(27). - -sundálo S. soldier 52(23). - nagsundálo became a soldier 183(2). - pagsusundálo military service 303(34). - --sundň`: sumundň` fetch 229(21). - pagsundň` a fetching 229(22). - sinundň` was called for 256(41). - sinúsundň` is being called for 104(23). - kásundň` agreeing 268(9). - nagkásundň` agreed with each other 168(16). - pagkakásundň` an agreeing with each other 271(5). - pagkŕsunduŕn pagkŕsunduwŕn be agreed upon 278(30). - pinagkŕsunduŕn was agreed upon 32(2). - nagpasundň` caused to be fetched 92(23). - pagpapasundň` a causing to be fetched 303(23). - ipinasundň` was caused to be fetched 306(28). - ipinasúsundň` is being caused to be fetched 88(19). 92(16). - -suntňk blow on the head 229(24). - pagsuntňk a striking on the head 229(23). - suntukěn be struck on the head 245(10). - sinuntňk was struck on the head 245(10). - sinúsuntňk is being struck on the head 245(11). - --súno`: nakisúno` dwelt along, dwelt with 264(15). - kasúno` fellow-guest 118(15). - magkakasúno` pl. 118(18). - --sunňd: sunňd-sunňd following on one another 72(25). - sumunňd follow, comply, obey 52(24). 100(27). followed 231(6). - sumúsunňd is following 38(7). 46(19). - pagsunňd a following 38(10). 94(24). - sunděn be complied with 92(8). - sinunňd was complied with 303(16). - sinúsunňd is being complied with 62(37). 66(13). - isinunňd was taken next, was made to follow 76(18). - sundŕn be followed 240(23). - sinundŕn was followed 22(25). 36(36). - sinůsundŕn is being followed 68(23). - kasunňd following another 266(21). - magkasunňd two, one of whom follows the other 42(29). 270(8). - pagkakásunňd-sunňd a following one on the other 271(6). - masůnúrin obedient 94(20). - -súnog a burning up, conflagration 122(18). 156(10). - sunňg burnt 66(41). 223(4). - panunúnog a setting fire to, a burning 122(12). - sunúgin be burned up 122(20). - pinagsunňg was variously burned up 122(10). - magkasúnog have a fire 268(41). - nasúnog has been burned 172(39). 259(4). - pagkasúnog a past burning 197(34). 283(2). - pagkŕsúnog a getting burned 292(19). 295(19). - -súnong that carried on the head 108(16). - -sungánga` a blow on the mouth 212(37). - sůsungangáin will be struck on the mouth 174(37). - -súngay horn 24(29). - --sunggŕb: sinunggabŕn was seized 46(27). 58(22). - sinůsunggabŕn is being seized 108(34). - masunggabŕn have been taken hold of 110(2). - nasůsunggabŕn is able to be seized 110(8). - -súpot bag 34(5). - -sorbétes S. sherbet 272(33). - -súso breast, nipple 212(11). - ipinakěkipasúso is being asked to be caused to take the breast - 307(38). - -susň` snail 18(1). - -sutsňt a whistling 197(22). - sumúsutsňt is whistling 229(24). - malasutsňt a young lout 315(3). - palasutsútin one who always whistles 315(11). - -soňt that worn 70(1). - isoňt be put on 248(41). - sootŕn be got into 104(11). - --suwŕy: pagsuwŕy a disobeying 54(3). - makasuwŕy be able to disobey 94(21). - -suwélas S. soles 306(8). - -suwčldo S. pay 26(27). - --súyo`: pagsúyo` a bribing 92(38). - panunúyo` a propitiating by bribes 72(34). - -súyod a harrow 243(3). - magsuyňd harrower. - - - - - -T. - -t, see at. - -taŕn that set apart 221(3). - itinátaŕn is being reserved 248(24). - taanŕn fugitive 261(14). - magtaanŕn flee 237(4). - makataanŕn be able to flee 286(24). 313(29). - nŕtŕtaŕn is reserved 80(13). - -taŕs height 218(13). - itaŕs upper part, north 36(27). 163(25). - paitaŕs upward 48(6). - itinaŕs was raised 88(34). - kataasŕn north 163(25). - mataŕs high 64(12). - nátaŕs got raised up 78(8). - --tabŕ`: tumabŕ` grow stout 206(27). - katabŕ` how fat 42(5). - matabŕ` fat, stout 244(34). - nápakatabŕ` very fat 313(12). - -tabakéra S. tabatičre 220(25). - -tabáko S. cigar 66(12). - nagtŕtabáko is smoking a cigar 66(19). - -tabě side; step aside 32(31). 152(1). - nátabě got to the side of 74(14). - pagkátabě a getting to the side of 94(8). - -tablŕ S. board 34(37). - -tábo` dipper 222(27). - -tábon dam 245(14). - nagtábon dammed up 232(32). - pagtatábon a damming up 179(39). - tinabúnan was dammed up 253(22). - nŕtŕtábon is covering, is piled over 120(22). - pinatabúnan was caused to be filled 26(10). - -taburéte S. chair 24(39). - -tadtŕd chopped up 20(7). - pagtatadtŕd a chopping up 114(10). and Corrigenda. - -tagŕ tigŕ coming from 56(23). 48. 254. - --tagŕ`: tumagŕ` hew, chop 290(27). - tinagŕ` was chopped 44(39). - -tagŕl length in time, endurance 168(41). - tagalŕn be done long 253(23). - matagŕl long-enduring, patient 104(26). - natagalŕn was able to be endured in 62(6). - pŕtagálan contest of endurance 309(10). - pagpapŕtagálan a contesting for endurance 48(22). 309(17). - kapŕtagálan opponent in a contest for endurance 310(32). - -Tagálog Tagalog 50(15). 58(6). - Katagalúgan the Tagalog country 50(23). - -tagílid, see -gílid. - -tagpě` a patch 266(4). - tagpiŕn be mended 253(26). - tagpían place of patching 259(7). - katátagpě` there has just been mending 175(9). - -tagpň` a meeting 220(3). - magtatagpň` meet each other, pl. 102(4). - nagtatagpň` met each other 26(39). - tagpuěn be met by appointment 245(12). - tagpuŕn be joined up 253(26). - pagtŕtagpuŕn will be met in 26(34). - tagpúan meeting-place 106(9). - makíkipagtagpň` will meet another 98(26). - makátagpň` happen to meet 66(5). 92(14). - nakátagpň` happened to meet 18(2). 36(8). - mŕtagpuŕn get met with 106(25). - nŕtagpuŕn got met with 34(20). 92(15). - -tágo` that put away 221(25). - magtágo` hide oneself 32(35). - magtagň` keep oneself in hiding 56(19). - nagtagň` kept himself in hiding 56(21). - pagtatagň` a staying in hiding 312(13). - itágo` be hidden 40(25). - itinŕtágo` is being put away 273(34). - taguŕn place for safe-keeping; hiding-place; hiding - 52(35). 120(10). 163(22). - kinŕtŕtagúan is the place of concealment 118(43). - makapagtágo` be able to hide oneself 52(32). - nŕtŕtágo` is hidden 24(31). 34(11). - pagkŕtágo` the way of storing 268(39). - patágo` given for safe-keeping 293(26). - --tahŕn: magtahŕn cease 232(33). - nagtahŕn ceased 106(7). - tŕhánan abode 66(24). - patahanin be caused to cease 100(2). - --tahě`: manahě` sew, patch 169(2). - pananahě` sewing as occupation 240(36). - mŕnanáhi` seamstress 243(14). - pinanŕnahiŕn is the place where sewing is done 256(42). - tagatahě` person appointed to sew 315(39). - -tahěd spur of rooster 238(3). - -tahílan girder 227(15). - -tahímik quiet 102(4). 114(4). - tumahímik become quiet, quiet down 44(17). became quiet - 44(25). 122(23). - nanahímik quieted down 240(37). - nagsipanahímik pl. 36(5). - katahimíkan quietness 116(9). - matahímik quiet 34(35). 120(38). - mŕtahímik get quiet 40(42). - -tahňl a bark 62(8). - tumátahňl is barking 229(25). - pagtahňl a barking 305(2). - pagtatahňl a barking at 234(31). - tŕhúlan a baying together 258(7). - nagtŕhúlan bayed together 190(17). - ikinátahňl was the cause of barking 273(38). - nakatahňl has barked, was able to bark 191(2). 198(18). - pagkátahňl a chance barking 158(8). - pagpapatahňl a causing to bark 296(10). - pinatahňl was caused to bark 304(41). - -taínga ténga ear 110(35). - --takŕ: pagtatakŕ a being surprised 64(16). 232(34). - ipinagtátakŕ is the cause of surprise 66(4). - katakŕ-takŕ exciting wonder 36(26). - nakapagtátakŕ causes wonderment 36(24). - -takbň a run 70(40). - tumakbň run 18(18). ran 18(39). - tumátakbň is running 251(39). - tátakbň will run 18(35). - pagtakbň a running 18(9). - pagtakbň-takbň a running about at intervals 231(22). - nagtátakbň runs (as repeated occurrence) 108(16). - nagsipagtakbň ran, pl. 84(29). - nangagsipagtakbň id. 116(13). - pagtatakbň a running 88(25). - nagtátatakbň is running wild 62(13). 238(42). - takbúhan a running together 60(27). 116(5). - nagtakbúhan ran together 22(26). - nagsipagtakbúhan pl. 96(30). - nagtŕtakbúhan are running together 86(40). 106(34). - pagtatakbúhan a running together 18(1). 96(17). - makipagtakbúhan join in a race with 18(21). - nakěkipagtakbúhan joins in a race 60(26). - pinakěkipagtakbuhŕn is being run with 60(29). 265(33). - makatakbň be able to run 18(16). - patakbň on the run 68(18). 72(8). - pinatakbň was caused to run 70(39). - -takěp cover 172(15). - pangtakěp used as cover 94(15). - -tákot fear 20(6). - takútin be frightened 50(33). - nagtŕtakňt-takútan pretends to be frightened 108(15). - katákot-tákot terrifying 267(27). - ikinatákot was the cause of fearing 272(23). - katakútan be feared 36(9). - kinatakútan was feared 274(30). - kinatŕtakútan is being feared 42(18). - pagkatakutŕn be feared by many 275(19). - pagkŕkatakutŕn will be feared by many 275(21). - pinagkatakutŕn was feared by many 275(15). - pinagkŕkatakutŕn is being feared by many 36(30). - katakútan timidity 116(14). - katakutŕn reverence 276(11). - katatakutŕn terrifying 34(32). 277(30). - nakatŕtákot is causing fear 66(12). - matákot be afraid 20(13). - natákot grew afraid 58(23). - nangatákot pl. 36(6). - natŕtákot is afraid 36(7). - pagkatákot a being afraid 72(9). - palatakutěn easily frightened. - -tála` star 272(25). - --talŕ`: nátalŕ` got fixed 116(24). - -talagŕ by fate, by nature, once for all 98(33). 116(16). - tinalagŕ was resolved upon 46(23). - katalagahŕn fate 276(40). - --tálas: matálas keen, clever 234(9). - --talastŕs: natátalastŕs is able to be understood 284(2). - napagtalastŕs was entirely understood 287(14). - napagtátalastŕs napápagtalastŕs is entirely understood 287(15). - --táli`: panáli` used for tethering, tying up 225(21). - nagtáli` tethered 232(35). - itináli` was tethered 313(25). - tinalían was tied up 104(37). - nakatáli` is tied 284(16). - --tálik: tumálik became close 88(2). - matálik intimate 22(30). 52(17). - --talíkod, see likňd. - -talěm cutting-edge 221(36). - patalěm cutting instrument 36(19). - nagpatalěm caused to be sharp, sharpened 44(36). - nagpápatalěm is sharpening 303(25). - pinatalěm was made sharp 304(42). - napatátalěm is able to be made sharp. 311(24). - -talíno (S.?) intelligence 60(16). - katalinúhan id. 50(6). - matalíno intelligent 36(28). - --tálo (a): nagtŕtálo is contending 46(34). - pagtatálo a contending 296(31). - manálo be victorious 52(8). - nanálo won 48(36). - nanŕnálo is victorious 62(2). - nagsěsipanálo pl. 118(5). - pananálo victory 56(30). - mánanalň victorious, victor 48(38). 62(1). - talúnin be defeated 46(37). - tŕtalúnin will be defeated 18(24). - talúnan defeated, loser 18(42). 148(22). 163(7). - pinanalúnan was won 60(33). - katŕlúnan one of two who are opposing each other 278(12). - pinagkatalunŕn was won in by many 60(27). 275(23). - pagkatálo a being defeated 52(7). - mŕkatálo turn out to be the opponent 168(28). - mŕkŕkatálo will be an opponent 30(2). - nŕkatálo was the opponent 296(29). - nŕkŕkatálo is the opponent 296(31). - --(b) Accent shifted: katalň opponent in winning-and-losing game - 266(43). - nagkatalň played a game 269(21). - pagkakatalň a winning-and-losing 48(21). - -talumpáti` oration 98(38). - nagtŕtalumpáti` is making a speech 98(41). - pagtatalumpáti` a speech-making 236(39). - --talňn: tumalňn jumped down 88(29). - nagtalňn jumped down 28(21). 70(30). 72(13). - -talňng egg-plant 76(16). - --talungkň`: nakatalungkň` has squatted down 98(19). 112(1). - nangŕtŕtalungkň` are in squatting position 108(29). - patalungkň` in squatting position 220(9). - -táma` (a) a hit, correct 152(7). 220(5). - tumáma` hit 24(23). 229(26). - tamáan be hit and destroyed or disfigured 238(39). - mŕtamáan get hit and disfigured 298(5). - --(b) Accent shifted: tamŕ` hit 223(5). - tamaŕn be hit in some part 106(38). - tinamaŕn was hit 24(25). 38(21). - mŕtamaŕn get hit in some part 36(21). 298(11). - --tamŕd: katamarŕn be neglected 274(36). - katŕtamarŕn will be neglected 274(39). - kinatamarŕn was neglected 274(34). - katŕmáran laziness 18(36). - matamŕd lazy 260(15). - -taměs sweetness 297(10). - mataměs sweet, sugar 198(31). 252(6). - --tamn, see taněm. - --tampalásan: tinampalásan was roughly handled 94(14). - katampalasánan roughness 310(9). - --tampň: pagtatampúhan mutual contrariness 259(28). - --tamň: magtamň partake 78(39). - nagtátamň is partaking 112(20). - --tanŕw: tumanŕw take into view 90(39). - tanawěn be observed 108(21). - pagkatanŕw a having looked 283(4). - nakátanŕw chanced to espy 28(13). 72(5). - pagkátanŕw a chance espying, the way of seeing - 18(34). 108(16). 291(19). - --tandŕ`: tumátandŕ` is getting old 229(27). - matandŕ` old 38(6). - matatandŕ` pl. 114(31). - matandaŕn be able to be remembered 24(5). - natŕtandaŕn is able to be remembered 20(25). 28(5). 116(19). - -tanikalŕ` chain 244(38). - -taněm that planted 221(26). - pananěm used for planting 86(32). - nagtátaněm is planting 86(38). - pagtataněm a planting 307(13). - mŕnanánim planter 243(15). - itátaněm will be planted 16(6). - tamnŕn be planted in 253(28). - nŕtŕtaněm is planted 76(31). - nŕtŕtamnŕn is planted in 34(39). - -taniyŕg much regarded 219(18). - pagtataniyŕg an exhibiting 90(16). - tanyágan exhibition 259(9). - pagtatanyágan the making an exhibition 90(9). - -tansň` copper 230(14). - -tantiyŕ S. calculation, guess 281(41). - -tánod watchman - tánod-báhay house-watchman 210(31). - tánod-pálay rice-guard 210(31). - tumánod guarded 229(27). - nagtánod stood guard, formed a guard 207(41). - tinanúran was guarded 253(30). - -tanňng that asked, question 56(5). 68(21). - tumanňng asked (with quotation or thing asked about) - 44(8). 82(13). 106(10). 229(29). - nagtanňng put questions, asked (with indirect quotation) - 82(3). 234(34). - nagtátanňng is putting questions 234(33). - tinanňng was inquired of 26(1). - itinanňng was asked 26(3). 30(30). - ipagtanňng be asked about 74(26). - ipagtatanňng be repeatedly asked about 98(23). - --tánga`: tinangáan was threatened 100(13). - -tángan grasp; that grasped 66(38). 108(41). - tinangnŕn was grasped 42(39). - -tangŕy that carried along 70(3). - nagtátangŕy is carrying along 68(28). - tinangŕy was carried along, washed away 82(34). - tinátangŕy is being borne along 16(3). - -tanggŕp that received 221(27). - tumanggŕp received 76(25). - tanggapěn be accepted 48(25). 245(16). - tŕtanggapěn will be accepted 52(25). - tinanggŕp was received, accepted 58(9). 219(29). - tanggapŕn be taken from 253(31). - tanggápan receiving-place 252(21). - nátanggŕp chanced to be accepted 42(28). - --tanggňl: pagtatanggňl a defending 257(14). - mánananggňl attorney 116(25). - maipagtanggňl be able to be defended 288(1). - tagapagtanggňl attorney 305(40). - --tanghŕ`: tumanghŕ` wonder 229(30). - -tangháli` noon 30(29). - manangháli` eat the noon meal 204(26). - katanghalían middle part of day 26(14). 120(38). - --tángi`: itinángi` was refused 60(29). - --tanglŕw: pagtanglŕw an illuminating 66(36). - --tangň`: tumangň` consented 16(6). - tumátangň` consents 229(31). - -tápang courage 36(31). - katapángan bravery 276(41). - matápang courageous 42(19). 66(2). - -tapŕt space in front 189(1). - ipinagtapŕt was owned up 90(32). - katapŕt facing 48(7). - -tapěk a tap 220(7). - pinagtátapěk is being petted 84(10). - --tápon: itápon be cast away 30(36). 62(23). - itinápon was cast away 62(30). - ipinagtapňn was variously cast away 120(40). - tapunŕn place for throwing away 205(21). - nagpatápon caused to be exiled 56(27). - ipatápon be caused to be cast out 56(17). - pagkapatápon a having caused to be banished 120(18). - -tapňn S. stopper, cork 166(17). - tapunŕn be corked 253(34). - --tápos: tapňs ended 30(19). - tapúsin be ended 236(18). - tinápos was ended 56(6). - katapusŕn end, cessation 24(1). 50(18). 114(33). - makatápos have finished 88(3). 167(26). - matápos come to an end 50(37). 82(3). - natápos ended 236(37). - pagkatápos a having ended 44(37). 52(4). - matápos-tápos be able to come to an end 287(39). - -tarŕ come along 207(35). - -tarabúko, see búko. - --tarangkŕ: tŕrangkáhan gateway 32(17). - --taráto S.: pagtaráto a treating 44(31). - -tasŕ (S.) point 254(2). - -tátal splinters 58(17). - -tátay father 120(17). 122(17). 59. - magtátay father and child 242(16). - magtatátay pl. 242(33). - -tatlň, see -tlň. - -táo person, human being 20(7). - táo-ng-báyan townsperson 50(17). - táo-ng-San-Antóniyo person of San Antonio 34(31). - panaúhin guest 247(29). 250(39). - táo-taúhan manikin; pupil of the eye 88(8). 135(22). - katáo persons 42(6). 255. - kataúhan mankind 135(21). - katawŕn body 20(33). 276(19). - pangangatawŕn physique, body 18(14). 36(11). - --taňb: pagtataňb a tipping over, tr. 82(32). - -taňn year 26(36). - taňn-taňn every year 191(32). - kátaňn at the same time 104(18). - nagkátaňn happened at the same time 84(37). 94(6). - pagkakátaňn a happening at the same time 271(6). - nŕtŕtaňn comes at the same time 110(22). - -táwa (a) laughter 68(27). - t. nang t. keeps laughing 206(35). - tumáwa laughed 18(23). - tumŕtáwa is laughing 229(31). - pagtáwa a laughing 100(37). - tumŕtáwa-táwa laughs at intervals 231(23). - tawánan be laughed at 186(34). - tŕwánan laughter by many 259(37). - katatawanŕn laughable, laughing-stock 24(17). 167(30). - --(b) Accent shifted: tumátawŕ-tawŕ snickers, giggles at intervals - 231(28). - nanawŕ-nawŕ kept snickering 241(33). - ikátawŕ be the cause of laughter 185(23). - ikŕtŕtawŕ will be the cause of snickering 274(2). - ikinátawŕ was the cause of laughter 292(31). - ikinŕtŕtawŕ is the cause of snickering 274(4). - nakŕtŕtawŕ causes irrepressible laughter 108(28). - matatawaněn easily made to laugh 290(3). - patawŕtawŕ snickering at intervals 300(38). - nápatawŕ burst out laughing 120(28). - --táwad: patŕtawárin will be pardoned, excused 184(19). - -táwag a call; name 50(10). 64(18). - pangtáwag panáwag used for calling 225(22). - tumáwag call 18(27). called 32(39). - tumŕtáwag is calling 64(5). - pagtáwag a calling 64(42). - nagtáwag announced 234(36). - pagtatáwag an announcing 234(37). - nagtawŕg called in numbers 238(7). - nagtátawŕg is calling in numbers 238(7). - pagtatawŕg a calling in numbers 238(11). - nagtátatawŕg is calling much and variously 239(12). - magtatawŕg town-crier 303(30). - manáwag summon 240(38). - tawágin be called 78(1). - tináwag was called 16(5). - tinŕtáwag is being called 40(32). - itináwag was called out, was called for 42(31). 44(28). 248(42). - ipinagtáwag was called out 249(39). - tawágan be called to 253(36). - pagkatáwag a having called 283(6). - mŕtáwag get called 46(21). - nŕtáwag got called 303(34). - pagkŕtáwag a chance calling 291(39). - patáwag caused to be called out 299(19). - nagpatáwag caused to be called 303(26). - pagpapatáwag a causing to be called 303(27). - magpapatawŕg town-crier 248(42). - ipinatáwag was caused to be called 52(13). 54(25). - ipinagpŕpatáwag is being caused to be called out 307(24). - --tawěd: tumawěd cross 106(4). crossed 68(2). - napatátawěd is causing himself to be taken across 80(35). - -tayŕ` stakes 258(8). - tŕyáan a staking by several 258(8). - -táyo we, incl. 63. Cf. átin and té. - -tayň` stand up 222(7). erected 223(35). - pangtayň` used for setting up, for standing up 225(24). 306(9). - tumayň` stood up 204(27). - pagtayň` a standing up 289(21). - magtayň` set up, erect 203(2). - nagtayň` erected 234(40). - pagtatayň` an erecting 234(22). - itátayň` will be set up 296(2). - itinayň` was erected 248(43). - tinayuŕn was built in 253(36). - pagkakátayň` a standing up together 98(39). 271(7). - kinŕtŕtayuŕn is being stood on 98(40). - nakatayň` is upright 110(41). - nakatátayň` is able to stand up 282(3). - pagkatayň` a having stood up 283(8). - nŕtŕtayň` is standing 34(38). 50(26). - pagkátayň` a chance standing up or erecting 104(19). 291(21). - patayň` caused to be erected 299(20). in standing position 287(26). - nagpatayň` caused to be erected 303(32). - pagpapatayň` a causing to be built 303(33). - pinatayň` was caused to stand up 304(43). - ipinatayň` was caused to be erected 306(30). - nápatayň` jumped to his feet 312(31). - --táyog: katáyog what tallness 267(35). - -té (táyo?) come along 207(35). - -teátro, see teyátro. - --tibŕ`: tumibŕ` cut down bananas 229(34). - tinibŕn trunk of banana-tree after fruit has been gathered 184(2). - --tíbay: tumíbay grew firm 24(27). - tibáyan be propped 296(2). - matíbay firm 18(20). 64(36). - -tigŕ, see tagŕ. - -tigŕs hardness, hard 219(20). 281(26). - tigasŕn be done with hardening 253(38). - matigŕs hard 283(27). - pinatigasŕn was made hard 237(31). - --tígil: nagtígil ceased 201(37). - --tiěs: tinítiěs is being endured 223(18). - těísin hardship 62(21). - -tiktěk spy 312(14). - tumiktěk spied 36(31). - -tikuwŕs lowered at one end 223(35). - pagtikuwŕs a getting out of balance 192(22). - nagtikuwŕs tilted 234(42). - --tilŕd: tumilŕd split, cut up 229(35). - tinilŕd was split 46(40). - napatilŕd asked to be sliced for 311(43). - -teléfono S. telephone 291(40). - -timbŕ` well-bucket 314(34). - tumimbŕ` drew in a bucket 229(36). - kalatimbŕ` squatting on heels 314(32). - nagkalatimbŕ` squatted on heels 196(37). - pinapagkalatimbŕ` was caused to squat on heels 305(29). - --timbŕng: timbángan scales 259(10). - katimbŕng equal 42(6) and Corrigenda. - -tinápay bread 32(17). - -tindŕ (S.) goods for sale 259(11). - tindáhan store, shop 170(4). - --tinděg: nagsitinděg stood on end, pl. 66(16). - nagtinděg stood up 26(25). - nagsipagtinděg pl. 96(29). - nakatinděg is on his feet 38(33). 90(25). - pagkátinděg a chance standing up 291(21). - nápatinděg jumped to his feet 202(1). - -tinidňr S. table-fork 114(8). - -tiněg voice 86(25). 114(11). - -tiněk spine, splinter, fish-bone 16(20). 250(34). - nátiněk got a splinter 16(21). - pagkátiněk the getting a splinter 295(23). - --tintéro: S.: tinterúhan ink-stand 180(33). - -tinóla stew 163(18). - -tingŕ foreign substance between the teeth 241(29). - manghiningŕ pick one's teeth 241(29). - --tingěn: tumingěn watch 18(26). - pagtingěn an observing 229(37). - tingnŕn be looked at 64(26). - tiningnŕn was looked at 18(13). - tinětingnŕn is being looked at 106(34). - --tingkŕd: matingkŕd intense 147(1). - -tingtěng fibre, bristle, straw 315(21). - --tipŕn: pinagtipanŕn was appointed as meeting-place 104(39). - těpánan a meeting by appointment 102(11). - nagtěpánan made an appointment to meet each other 26(34). - --tipěd: pagtipěd a being economical 229(37). - nagtipěd saved 235(2). - nagsipagtipěd pl. 236(6). - pagtitipěd a saving 235(1). - tinipěd was economized in 245(17). - kaytipěd what savingness 174(1). - natipěd has been economized in 284(18). - matipěd economical 298(9). - mapagtipěd given to saving 289(26). - pagkátipěd a chance saving 292(25). - nagpatipěd caused to be economized 303(36). - ipatipěd be caused to be economized in 244(20). - ipinatipěd was caused to be economized 306(31). - --típon: tipňn gathered 223(6). - pangtípon used for gathering 225(26). - pagtípon a gathering 229(39). - magtípon store up 235(5). - nagtípon stored up 235(5). - nagtětípon stores up 202(19). - pagtitípon a storing up 235(3). - těpúnan meeting 259(35) Corrigenda. - katipúnan a gathering; n. of a secret society 116(27). - Katipunéros members of the Katipunan 116(32). - nakatípon succeeded in gathering 282(4). - natípon has been gathered 284(19). - pagkatípon ability to gather, a having gathered 282(16). 283(10). - nakŕtípon chanced to gather 291(33). - pagkŕtípon a chance gathering 291(23). - patípon that caused to be gathered 299(21). - patipňn into a heap 166(23). - nagpatípon caused to be gathered 303(37). - pagpapatípon a causing to be gathered 303(39). - ipinatípon was caused to be gathered 306(32). - -típus S. typhoid 223(19). - --tirŕ: tumirŕ dwelt, staid 229(41). - magtirŕ dwelt 54(12). - nagtirŕ dwelt 50(4). - nagtítirŕ is dwelling, stays 38(8). 114(27). - pagtitirŕ a staying 36(25). 54(13). - nagtútumirŕ keeps staying 112(27). - itinirŕ was left 249(1). - tirahŕn be dwelt in 253(40). - tinětirahŕn is being dwelt in 253(42). - tirhŕn be left for 253(39). - tinirhŕn was dwelt in, was left for 118(3). 253(38). - těráhan dwelling 16(32). 24(38). - titirhŕn home, house 118(27). - ikinápagtirŕ was the cause of dwelling 120(6). - kinŕtirhŕn was lived in 120(42). - makatirŕ be able to stay 52(39). - mátirŕ remain, get left 192(38). - mŕtětirŕ will have to remain 187(26). - nátirŕ got left, dwelt 28(31). 56(30). - nŕtětirŕ is left, dwells 26(28). 28(33). - pagkátirŕ a chance staying 116(25). - --tísod: tinísod was kicked away 245(20). - natísod has been kicked away 284(20). - nakŕtísod accidentally hit with the foot 290(35). - --tiwála`: tiwalŕ` persuaded, convinced 104(40). - paniwála` belief 40(3). - maniwála` believe 68(29). - naniwála` believed 106(19). - naněniwála` believes 40(7). 52(1). - paniniwála` a believing, faith 34(32). 40(2). - pŕniwalaěn credulous 116(9). - paniwaláan be given credence 52(6). - kŕtiwála` confidential agent, manager 268(13). - -tiyŕ S. aunt 59. 256. - -tiyŕn womb 36(16). - -tiyának goblin 68(1). - -teyátro teátro S. theatre 148(27). - -tiyobíbo S. merry-go-round 307(21). - --tlň: tatlň three 24(18). 67. - tatlň ng gabě: pagtatatlň-ng-gabě a three-nights' celebration - 114(28). - tatlň ng pů`: pangatlň-ng-pů` number thirty 226(9). - tatlň-tatlň three by three 224(1). - pangatlň number three 226(8). - ikatlň third 273(19). - makáitlň makáyitlň three times 298(36). - -trabahadůr S. laborer 82(25). - -trabáho S. labor 30(26). - trabáho-ng-kaniyunéro artilleryman's work 155(22). - magtŕtrabáho will work 138(30). - nagtrabáho worked 90(14). - pagtatrabáho a working 82(7). - pinapagtŕtrabáho is being caused to work 72(33). - -trabúko, see búko. - -trčn S. train 116(21). - -Tsŕng C. n. 263(4). - -tsíko síko S. custard-apple, Achras sapota L. 34(40). - -Tsína S. China 269(20). - -tubŕ` sap 258(1). - -túbig water 16(31). - -túbo S. tube 255(20). - -tubň sugar-cane 181(15). - tubúhan cane-field 237(41). 259(18). - -túbo` that grown; profit 189(24). 232(22). - tumúbo` grew 16(12). - tůtúbo` will grow 16(9). - tinubúan was grown up in, was grown on 26(39). 204(10). - katutúbo` inborn 38(13). 267(4). - --tud, see -tuwěd. - -tugtňg that played, piece of music 186(21). - tumugtňg play music 166(3). - tumútugtňg is playing music 110(37). - nagsísitugtňg pl. 110(32). - mánunugtňg musician 112(3). - tugtúgin music 247(22). - tinůtugtugŕn is being played for 48(30). - tugtúgan piece of music by several performers 112(4). - pagtutugtúgan a playing together 110(40). - pagpapatugtňg a causing to be played 80(26). - -túhod knee 48(19). - -tukŕ` beak 230(2). - tumukŕ` pick with the beak 230(2). - pangpatukŕ` given to pick 301(8). - -tuksň joke 195(39). - --tuktňk: tumuktňk knocked 78(26). - tumútuktňk is knocking 155(37). - pagtuktňk a knocking 78(27). - itinuktňk was knocked 30(7). - ituktňk top, ceiling 62(15). 118(21). - --túkop: tinúkop was covered with the hand 100(2). - -tulŕ` connected 186(40). - tulá-tulŕ` coherent 44(35). - --túlad: tuláran be limited 74(23). - -túlak push 252(5). - tumúlak pushed at; went away 230(3). 235(10). - nagtúlak pushed 235(9). - -tulŕy bridge 163(12). - --tulč: tutulč ear-wax 224(22). - manghinulč clean the ears 241(30). - --túlin: magtúlin go fast 167(35). - nagtůtúlin is hurrying 68(16). - tinulínan speed 310(19). - matúlin swift 18(8). 60(31). - nŕtúlin got faster 294(29). - pinatúlin was caused to hurry 72(4). - -túlis point 284(33). - tulěs pointed 223(7). - tulísan be sharpened 254(1). - tulisŕn bandit 120(1). - matúlis pointed 271(12). - -túlog sleep 220(8). - tumúlog slept in 64(38). - tumůtúlog sleeps in 64(37). - pagtúlog a sleeping 230(7). - tinůtulúgan is being slept in 62(39). 190(12). - tulugŕn sleeping-place 260(32). - makitúlog sleep along with 122(14). - matúlog go to sleep 64(5). 84(18). - natúlog went to sleep 18(36). 38(20). 84(39). - natůtúlog is asleep 18(38). 38(28). 62(9). - matutulugěn sleepy-head 290(4). - nakŕtúlog happened to sleep in 290(36). - mŕkatúlog chance to fall asleep 296(41). - mangŕkatúlog pl. 297(3). - mangŕkŕkatúlog will fall asleep pl. 192(14). - nŕkatúlog fell asleep 296(37). - nangŕkŕkatúlog are asleep 296(43). - pagkŕkatúlog a falling asleep 62(22). - mŕtulúgan get slept in 84(17). - patúlog-túlog sleeping by fits and starts 300(36). - nagpatúlog caused to sleep 62(8). - patulúgin be caused to sleep 305(3). - pinatúlog was caused to sleep 36(18). 84(38). - mapatúlog be able to be caused to sleep 64(2). - -túlong help 32(39). - tůtúlong will help 32(11). - nagsěsitúlong are helping 114(2). - tulúngan be assisted 234(19). - pinagtůtulůng-tulúngan is being done by haphazard helping 106(29). - pagtutulungŕn a mutual assisting 237(4). - ikatúlong be the means of helping 60(23). - nakatúlong contributed 94(37). - nakatůtúlong is contributing 112(11). - napatůtúlong is asking to be helped 311(35). - --túlos: pagtutúlos an offering up 50(29). - nŕtůtúlos is set up 66(41). - nagpatúlos caused to be set up 72(29). - nŕipatúlos was caused to be set up 80(26). - --túloy (a): itinúloy was gone on with 287(11). - tinulúyan was staid with 116(35). - tůlúyan place of lodging; see báhay. - nakitúloy asked to stay with 148(31). - patúloy caused to go on; going on 60(3). 70(34). - pinatúloy was caused to stay on 84(38). - ipatúloy be caused to go on, be continued 88(43). - ipinatúloy was continued 20(41). 66(18). 84(3). - ipinatůtúloy is being continued 108(20). - --(b) With accent-shift: tulňy further 28(12). 34(8). 47. 231. - nátulňy chanced to continue, got continued 207(31). 237(5). 240(18). - papagtůtuluyěn will be caused to go on 88(14). - ipinatulňy was caused to be gone on with 96(31). 307(6). - ipinapatulňy was caused to be caused to be gone on with 307(12). - -tumpŕk correct 219(20). - mŕtumpakŕn get ascertained 70(32). - -túnay true 66(7). 82(31). - katunáyan truth, truly 30(15). 82(5). 265(6). - pinatunáyan was caused to be realized 308(29). - --tuntňn: tůtuntuněn will be followed 34(14). - tinuntňn was followed 34(21). - palatuntúnin querulant 315(11). - palŕtuntúnan set of rules 315(26). - -tóno S. tone 207(4). - -tungkňl about, concerning 30(16). 52(25). 287. 288. - tungkúlin concern, duty 96(40). - katungkúlan duty, office 52(41). 110(32). - -tungtňng a stand 221(31). - tútuntóng will set foot on 70(26). 100(29). - tinůtuntungŕn is being stood on 100(25). - makátuntňng-tuntňng ever set foot on 100(8). - mátuntňng happen to stand on 68(4). - --túngo: tumúngo went toward 230(8). - nagsitúngo pl. 282(30). - katúngo person dealt with 266(25). - kŕtůtungúhan will turn out to be the place gone toward 279(20). - nŕkŕkatúngo is being dealt with 68(14). - patúngo towards 18(40). 20(3). 48(6). 285. - pagpatúngo a going towards 120(7). 302(21). - patůtungúhan will be headed for 90(43). 307(4). - pinatůtungúhan is being headed for 72(6). 308(30). - kapŕpatungúhan will be the place headed for 26(33). 310(28). - napatúngo went toward 102(42). - --tungň: itinungň was bent over 74(16). - -túpa sheep 112(40). - --tupŕd: pagtupŕd a fulfilling 96(39). - pagkatupŕd a having fulfilled 233(35). - -Tůrkos S. Turks 260(10). - -torníliyo S. screw 92(38). - -túro` that pointed out, a teaching 186(32). 221(32). - turň` extended, stiff 223(8). - panúro` pointer 225(27). - magtúro` teach 232(36). - nagtůtúro` is teaching 232(38). - pagtutúro` a teaching 88(14). - nagtúturň` is pointing out variously 238(14). - panunúro` a pointing things out 240(39). - itúro` be pointed out, be shown 182(43). 249(2). - katuruŕn one of two who point at each other 278(25). - mŕitúro` get taught 90(1). - hintutúro` forefinger 42(14). - -turumpň S. spinning-top 227(6). - -túta` puppy 244(40). - -túto perception, care 166(36). - mŕtúto get educated 168(14). - nŕtúto got taught 178(4). - mŕtutúhan get learned 196(35). - nŕtutúhan got learned 28(2). 50(24). - -tutubč dragon-fly 291(28). - -totoň true 104(23). 116(2). - tňtohánan actuality 94(21). 259(16). - katotohánan truth 26(5). 68(32). - nagpatotoň testified, affirmed 303(42). - pagpapatotoň a testifying 304(3). - pinapagpatotoň was caused to testify 305(40). - tagapagpatotoň witness 20(13). - -toňd stump 16(23). - -tuňs care 46(29). - -tuwŕ` joy, gladness 46(5). 76(41). glad 80(15). - ikinatuwŕ` was the cause of joy 26(25). - ikinatútuwŕ` is the cause of being glad 272(26). - kŕtwáan a rejoicing together 120(25). - magkŕtwáan rejoice together 280(11). - nagkŕkŕtwáan are rejoicing together 120(26). - nakatútuwŕ` causes pleasure 280(40). - natuwŕ` became glad 24(27). - nangatuwŕ` pl. 34(23). - mŕkatuwaŕn happen to be liked 40(39). 298(28). - palatwáin easily pleased 315(13). - -tuwě` every time, whenever 58(3). 60(40). 244. 300. 307. 317(5). - --tuwěd: pagtutuwěd a reckoning 232(39). - katuwíran the right 56(7). 100(38). 257(14). - katuturŕn right outcome 76(21). - makatuwěd have figured out; consequence 56(15). - matuwěd correct 44(26). 50(14). - -túyot drought 191(32). - - - - - -U (O). - -o S? or 16(25). 45. 321. - -ň oh 76(34). 80(12). 151(15). - -ó, see óo. - --ubrŕ (S.): umbrŕ took effect, was suitable 230(11). - pagubrŕ a taking effect 108(35). - magúubrŕ will suit 235(11). - -úbos exhaustion - úbos-lakŕs exhaustion of strength 18(39). 22(16). - úbos-lŕkásan exhaustion of strength by several 96(29). - ipinagúbos-lŕkásan was done with exhaustion of strength 250(4). - inůúbos is being used up 112(9). - iniyúbos was expended 283(41). - nakaůúbos is able to use up 112(40). - naúbos was used up 312(29). - naubúsan was exhausted of 32(19). - -ugáli` habit 96(26). - inugáli` was made a habit 36(25). - kaugáli` accordant in habits 266(27). - kaugaliŕn custom 38(10). 112(22). - -ugŕt root, artery 218(32). 290(12). - -úhaw thirst 280(38). - naůúhaw is thirsty 285(25). - -úkol with regard to, for 42(15). 50(28). 288. - -úlam that eaten along with one's rice 72(34). - -ulŕn rain 110(14). - umulŕn rained 177(16). - umúulŕn is raining 152(16). - úulŕn will rain 168(34). - pagulŕn a raining 110(21). - maulŕn rainy 110(21). - nagpápaulŕn causes rain 110(15). - tagulŕn rainy season 202(18). - -ulč` again 24(11). 47. 232. See sa. - úulč` will do it again 44(12). - -olíva S. olive 90(28). - -úling charcoal 70(32). - --úlit: paguúlit-úlit a manifold repeating 86(10). - inúlit was repeated 50(28). - maúlit stubborn 24(14). - -úlo head 22(10). 26(4). See básag. - uluhŕn head-end 72(3). - -ulňl foolish, crazy 16(1). - kaululŕn foolishness 98(23). - kaůlúlan one of two who fool each other 278(3). - pagkaulňl insanity 254(29). - -umága, see -ága. - --umět: pangungumět panguumět petty thievery 156(3). 310(6). - inumět was filched 293(28). - --umpisŕ: magumpisŕ begin 18(31). 32(16). - nagumpisŕ began 16(26). 20(29). - paguumpisŕ a beginning 26(35). 96(15). - umpisahŕn be begun 48(4). - inumpisahŕn was begun 26(19). 50(21). - inůumpisahŕn is being begun 48(37). - --umpňg: nagkákaumpňg-umpňg is getting repeated bumps 62(19). - --umpňk: umpúkan assemblage for talking 38(7). - -úna (a) first 24(15). 38(21). 273(21). - pangúna number one 225(39). - mangůngúna will take the lead 240(40). - nangúna took the lead 240(40). - inúna was taken first 42(31). - pagkaúna a having got ahead 283(12). - --(b) With accent-shift: nagunŕ-unŕ competed for the first place - 239(19). - kŕunŕ-unáhan very first 280(16). - náunŕ got ahead 64(8). - nŕůunŕ is ahead 88(24). - pagkáunŕ a getting ahead 18(34). - nagpáunŕ got himself into the first place 304(24). - nagpáunŕ-unŕ got himself too far ahead 304(27). - -únan pillow 260(6). - --únat: naúnat has been straightened 284(21). - nŕúnat got straightened 24(26). - -untě` short 219(21). - untě-untě` little by little 76(12). 78(9). - umuntě` grew less 28(30). - untiŕn be lessened 254(2). - kauntě` something small, a bit 48(32). 60(16). - kayuntě` what fewness 267(36). - kákauntě` only few 267(8). - pauntiěn be caused to be few, be reduced 98(7). - -ungŕs stupid 22(21). - -unggň` monkey 16(1). - nagůunggů-unggúan is playing monkey 237(11). - -úpa pay 56(3). 72(33). - ůúpa will pay 88(12). - umůúpa hires 48(29). - ůupáhan will be paid 34(6). - upahŕn hired 114(1.23). - -úpang in order to, so that 16(22). 18(16). 308. - -ópera S. opera; see sŕmáhan. - -úpo a vegetable, Lagenaria vulgaris Seringe 76(16). - -upň` sit; a sitting 220(9). 222(7). - pangupň` used for sitting 225(28). - umupň` sit 184(23). sat 230(15). - pagupň` a sitting 230(16). - nagupň` seated 235(12). - nagúuupň` sits variously 239(2). - paguupň` a sitting variously 181(30). - nangupň` mischievously sat down on 240(41). - panguupň` a mischievous sitting on 240(42). - ůupŕn will be sat on 254(4). - inůupŕn is being sat on 32(5). - ůpúan a sitting together 258(9). seat 24(39). 283(9). - uupŕn chair 180(29). - kaůpúan one of two who sit together 278(4). - kinŕůupŕn happens to be the place of sitting 223(16). - nakaupň` is seated 281(19). - nangákaupň` pl. 286(11). - nangŕkŕkaupň` are able to sit 286(14). - maupň` sit down 184(24). - maúupň` will sit down 192(39). - naupň` sat down 24(39). - naúupň` is (in the act of) sitting down 204(26). - pagkaupň` a sitting down 286(4). - náupň` happened to sit down 202(1). - nŕůupň` is sitting 30(29). 96(22). - pagkáupň` a chance sitting 277(24). - paupň` that caused to sit 174(29). 249(35). in sitting position - 299(32). - nagpaupň` caused to sit 304(4). - pagpapaupň` a causing to sit 304(5). - pinaupň` was caused to sit 305(4). - nápaupň` involuntarily sat down 198(24). - nápatiupň` fell into sitting position 313(39). - nŕpŕpatiupň` falls on his seat 313(40). - -úpos cigar-butt 205(21). - -óras S. hour 42(4). 48(26). See kalaháti`. - orásan be done promptly 254(5). - orasŕn watch, clock 248(14). - -orasiyňn S. prayer 104(14). - --úrong: umůúrong is going backwards 230(18). - nangagsiúrong retreated, pl. 262(30). - paurňng backwards 299(34). - papaurňng backwards continually 300(40). - -usŕ deer 18(1). - nagusŕ-usáhan played deer 237(12). - -úsap law-suit 199(33). - paguúsap a conversing 70(19). - pagusápan be discussed 102(5). - pinagusápan was discussed 28(2). - pinagůusápan is being discussed 30(29). - makipagúsap converse with 28(14). - nakěkipagúsap is entering into conversation with 74(30). - pakikipagúsap an engaging in conversation with 80(38). - kaúsap person conversed with 102(32). - kumŕkaúsap is talking at 268(19). - kausápin be conversed with 44(2). 70(21). - kinaúsap was addressed 70(24). - makaúsap be able to converse 68(20). - mŕkaúsap get conversed with 70(14). - nŕkaúsap got conversed with 44(26). 78(17). - -usbňng edible shoot 253(2). 256(13). - -usísa` that inquired about 221(34). - nagusísa` made inquiry 76(1). - nangusísa` interrogated 241(3). - usisáin be asked about; be interrogated 76(14). 98(13). 290(26). - inusísa` was questioned 76(28). - pinagusisŕ` was variously questioned 76(5). - nausísa` has been questioned 284(23). - naůusísa` has just been questioned 76(22). - mapagusísa` inquisitive 60(19). - nakŕusísa` happen to inquire 290(39). - nŕusísa` got inquired for 293(28). - -úso S. fashion 287(7). - -útang debt 54(12). 76(2). See báyad. - umútang borrow 230(19). - magutŕng borrow variously 238(15). - maguutŕng habitual borrower 243(3). - nangútang borrowed 241(4). - mángungutŕng habitual borrower 243(20). - inútang was borrowed 245(24). - pinangútang was (reluctantly) borrowed 247(4). - utángan be borrowed from 254(6). - magpaútang cause to be borrowed, lend 304(8). - --utŕs: nautŕs was completed 303(18). - -útos a command 56(27). 122(5). - nagútos commanded 232(41). - nagůútos is commanding 114(7). - iyútos be commanded 62(37). 64(13). - iniyútos was commanded 24(37). 26(18). 106(17). - ipinagútos was given as an order 182(19). 249(40). - inutúsan was given an order 92(12). - utusŕn servant, waiter, orderly 254(34). 260(34). - kautusŕn decree, law 54(4). - -óo ó yes 26(2). 44(18). - oóhan be answered affirmatively 254(7). - napaóo assented 312(6). - -uwalŕ`, see walŕ`. - -uwč` a going home; that taken home 114(26). 221(35). - umuwč` go home 34(12). 76(43). went home 50(36). 52(35). - úuwč` will go home 287(20). - nagsísiuwč` are going home 72(35). - paguwč` a going home 70(23). - naguwían went home together 26(37). - pauwč` that caused to go home 298(23). homeward 34(14). - nagpauwč` caused to be taken home, sent home 304(9). - ipinauwč` was caused to be taken home, was sent home 304(10). - - - - - -W. - -walŕ` without, not having; there is not -16(10). 20(21). 69. 99. 110. 239. 248. - walŕ ng hiyŕ`: kawalŕ-ng-hiyaŕn shamelessness 277(10). - nápakawalŕ-ng-hiyŕ` most impudent 98(27). - pagwawalŕ` a breaking away 232(42). - iwalŕ` be got rid of 249(3). - kawalŕ` partaking of freedom 196(27). - magkawalŕ` get away 44(6). - nagkawalŕ` got away 44(10). - nagkákawalŕ` is getting away 58(31). - ikinawalŕ` was the cause of being without 292(6). - ipagkawalŕ` be the cause of getting away 272(38). - ipagkákawalŕ` will be the cause of getting away 272(41). - ipinagkawalŕ` was the cause of getting away 273(1). - ipinagkákawalŕ` is the cause of getting away 273(2). - kawŕwalŕn will be the place of losing 206(17). - kawalŕn lack, absence 46(16). 118(1). - makawalŕ` be able to get away 44(40). - makawáwalŕ` will be able to get away 294(1). - nakawalŕ` succeeded in getting away 46(31). 86(12). - mawáwalŕ` will disappear 46(2). - nawalŕ` disappeared 64(33). 82(10). - nawáwalŕ` is disappearing 40(16). 76(13). - pagkawalŕ` a disappearing 298(17). - nawalŕn has been deprived of 70(8). 82(30). - pawalŕn be allowed to get away 44(12). - pinawalŕn was allowed to get away 44(8). - magpakawalŕ` get oneself away 106(23). - pinakawalŕn was allowed to get loose 66(28). 310(26). - -walěs broom 315(22). - nagwáwalěs is sweeping 233(2). - wináwalěs niwáwalěs is being swept away 245(26). - niwalisŕn was swept 94(7). - niwŕwalisŕn is being swept 254(8). - -walň eight 52(43). 67. - pangwalň number eight 225(38). - -wapélo C. exclamation of distress 58(38). - -wíka` language, word, words 20(5). 28(3). 74(39). - nagwíka` spoke 20(20). - winíka` was spoken 18(42). - kawikaŕn proverb 276(15). - pagkawíka` a having spoken 20(40). - --wíli: nŕwíli got spellbound 88(2). - pagkŕwíli a getting spellbound 295(26). - --wisěk: iniwisěk was sprinkled 96(27). - niwisikŕn was sprinkled on 64(30). - nŕwisikŕn got sprinkled on 76(38). - - - - - -Y. - --yábang: kayabángan pride 272(2) Corrigenda. - mayábang proud 60(15). - nagmayabŕng boasted 238(21). - ipinagmayabŕng was boasted of 60(17). - nagpakamayabŕng boasted of himself 309(29). - --yábong: mayábong grassy 18(33). - -yáman wealth 72(22). 80(25). - yumáman get rich 60(25). got rich 74(9). - pagyáman a getting rich 120(27). - kayamánan wealth 308(16). - mayáman wealthy 72(19). - payamánin be caused to get rich 50(34). - -yámang while 16(12). 18(33). 309. - -yŕn, see iyŕn. - -yantňk rattan 46(40). - -Yap C. n. 234(25). - --yári: mangyári happen 54(29). 66(22). - mangyŕyári will happen 18(11). 52(20). - nangyári happened 24(27). 46(19). - nangyŕyári happens 40(30). 44(20). - kapangyaríhan power 36(10). 40(4). - -yári` that made; the make 74(4). 220(10). 221(37). - mayári` have been made 104(11). - nayŕyári` is made 34(36). 46(40). - -yaňn, see iyňn. - --yáya`: yumáya` invited 230(21). - pagyáya` an inviting 230(22). - nagyayŕ` urged 28(11). 34(12). - niyáya` was invited, summoned 32(13). 36(42). - -Yčng C. n. 263(4). - -yéro S. iron 92(35). - -yitň ytň, see itň.--yň, see iyň. - --yukayňk: nagsísipagyukayňk are nodding 108(30). - -yňn, see iyňn. - -Yurúpa, see Eyurúpa. - -yúta` billion 134. - -yoňn, see iyňn. - - - - - - - - - -CORRIGENDA. - - -The following errors are due entirely to oversights on my part; -they would have been far more numerous, but for the accuracy and -intelligence of the typesetter, Mr. Staley, and the unfailing kindness -of the editor, Professor W. A. Oldfather.--L. B. - -[Transcriber's Note: The indicated errors have been corrected in the -text of this edition, except for the one referring to 212(25), as the -instruction is not clear enough, and 322(42), as the location could -not be found.] - - -VOLUME I. - -PAGE LINE FOR READ - - 20 16 mákinig makiněg - 22 2 nabuksan nábuksan - 24 31 n ng - 32 1 namámatay mamámatay - 38 11 galían galiŕn - 40 39 pagbibíro` pangbibíro` - 42 6 katimbŕ` katimbŕng - 42 39 tiningnan tinangnan - 44 2 sumagňt sumásagňt - 44 40 nagsisigáw nagsisigŕw - 46 24 ngŕ ngá - 48 20 pagbabalěk pagpapabalěk - 60 38 nagbibigay nagbíbigay - 62 5 syŕ nyŕ - 68 13 siniglan siniglŕn - 72 12 hyŕ hyŕ` - 74 40 a o - 84 21 pinagdagukŕn pinagdadagukŕn - 92 6 mámatŕy mamámatŕy - 94 29 inapúyan inapuyŕn - 96 29 maínit maiínit - 98 2 magbíbinyŕg nagbíbinyŕg - 98 39 Masakěp Masikěp - 99 25 giving given - 100 15 ipabíbilannggň` ipabíbilanggň` - 108 42 pirásu ng lamŕn pirásu-ng-lamŕn - 114 10 pagtadtŕd pagtatadtŕd - - -VOLUME II. - -PAGE LINE - - 190 2 Add: si nasíra ng Mariyŕ the deceased Maria. - 210 30 Add example: pilěk-matŕ eyelash (pilěk fin, lash), and at - 211(13) omit pilěk. - 212 25 Omit: bagáso etc.; the word may be S. bagazo sediment. - 212 37 Add: hantŕy hintŕy. - 215 41 Omit: lákad. - 223 17 The example of lakŕd should be transferred to 222(38). - 223 25 Binyŕk etc.; transfer to 244(7). - 244 2 Add: (ang áyap condiment). - 244 4 Add example: Ang gúlok na yŕn ay bŕbawíin ko sa iyň, - kapag ipinamútol mo nang kawáyan. I shall take back this - bolo from you, if you use it for cutting bamboo. - 244 7 See on 223(25). - 245 39 Add: sagňt. - 249 8 Add: lalŕ`. - 259 35 Add example: ang těpúnan a meeting; and omit típon in - next line. - 261 10 Add example: Ang asuhŕn nang báhay ni Pédro ay nasúnog. - The chimney in Pedro's house burned out; and omit asň - from line 16. - 261 24 Add example: lulurŕn shin. - 267 18 Add: So gísing, káin. - 277 2 Add example: kayabángan pride; and omit yábang, line 8. - 277 7 Add: salúkoy. - 286 30 Add example: Pagkaabňt nang bátŕ nang kanyŕ ng laruwŕn ay - tumakbň sya ng agŕd. After reaching for his toys, the boy - at once ran. Omit the words: see ábot. - 294 33 Omit: ibadyŕ. - 295 30 Add example: Sya y nárapŕ`. He fell on his face. - 296 19 Omit: ábot, and add example: Ang pagkáabot nyŕ sa bóte ay - hindi magálang. The way he reached for the bottle was not - polite. - 297 29 Add: badiyŕ. - 299 27 For pahágis read pahagěs, and transfer the example to - 300(14). - 300 14 See preceding. - 313 3 Add: With makŕ- D (§ 473) from -paríto: Hwag kŕ ng - makŕparí-paríto. Don't you ever come round here! - 315 31 Add: With accent-shift: taginět the hot season. - 322 42 Add reference: 28(7). - - - - - - - - - -NOTES - - -[1] An English translation by Charles Derbyshire was published in -1912 by the Philippine Education Company in Manila and the World Book -Company in New York, under the title "The Social Cancer". - -[2] The entire syntax and much of the morphology, especially whatever -relates to the accent-shifts in word-formation, will be found to be -new. I have of course refrained from any and all historical surmises -beyond the indication of unassimilated loan-words. The system of -transcription used is, with a few deviations, that of the International -Phonetic Association. - -[3] They were accessible to me chiefly through the courtesy of the -Newberry Library in Chicago. - -[4] I owe this and the following statements about the degree of -pitch-rise to the kindness of Dr. C. Ruckmich of the Department of -Psychology of the University of Illinois. - -[5] It might perhaps be more correct not to include such cases under -the term attribution (as will be done in the following analysis), -but to set up instead an additional syntactic type of "exocentric -modification". - -[6] In the proverbial expression at 16,18, balŕt skin, skins is used -as an object expression without ang, contrary to the normal habit. - -[7] Although grammatical terms are necessarily and properly employed in -different meanings when referring to different languages, the Tagalog -constructions in question are so different from what is ordinarily -understood by "cases" that the above terminology has been avoided in -the following discussion. - -[8] At 16, 2 hábang, instead of standing at the beginning of its -clause, follows the subject, taking the place of ay. I take it -that this sentence has been handed down in this form from an older -generation of speakers. Cf. § 316. - -[9] Once, at 16, 18, at is used concessively, even though, and is -placed not at the beginning of its phrase, but after the subject, -where ay would normally stand. The sentence is no doubt traditional; -it has currency as a proverb. See § 68 and cf. § 292. - -[10] Cf. Kern's derivation of linggň from Spanish domingo, felt as -containing infix -um- (Sanskritsche woorden). - -[11] Where S. words are, as genuine loan-words, more or less fully -Tagalized, the S. is enclosed in brackets. In cases where Mr. Santiago -is not conscious of this origin, it would have been more consistent -to omit the indication, but it would be very difficult to single -these out. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Tagalog Texts with Grammatical Analysis, by -Leonard Bloomfield - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAGALOG TEXTS *** - -***** This file should be named 50797-8.txt or 50797-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/7/9/50797/ - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project -Gutenberg (This book was produced from scanned images of -public domain material from the Google Books project.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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-} -.rightnote, .pagenum, .linenum, .pagenum a { -color: #AAAAAA; -} -a.hidden:hover, a.noteref:hover { -color: red; -} -h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { -font-weight: normal; -} -table { -margin-left: auto; -margin-right: auto; -} -.tablecaption { -text-align: center; -}.pagenum, .linenum { -speak: none; -} -</style> - -<style type="text/css"> -.sameAuthor { -margin-left: 3.58em; -} -.lineNum { -position: absolute; -left: 1em; -width: 1%; -color: gray; -font-size: x-small; -font-style: normal; -font-variant: normal; -} -td.first { -width: 50%; -} -td.second { -width: 50%; -} -.index .div2 p { -padding-left: 1em; -text-indent: -1em; -} -/* CSS rules generated from @rend attributes in TEI file */ -.xd21e8560 -{ -text-align:center; -} -.xd21e163width -{ -width:480px; -} -.xd21e211 -{ -text-align:center; -} -.xd21e7309 -{ -display:none; -} -@media handheld -{ -} -</style> -</head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Tagalog Texts with Grammatical Analysis, by -Leonard Bloomfield - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: Tagalog Texts with Grammatical Analysis - -Author: Leonard Bloomfield - -Release Date: December 30, 2015 [EBook #50797] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAGALOG TEXTS *** - - - - -Produced by Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net/ for Project -Gutenberg (This book was produced from scanned images of -public domain material from the Google Books project.) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div class="front"> -<div class="div1 cover"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"></p> -<div class="figure xd21e163width"><img src="images/new-cover.jpg" alt= -"Newly Designed Front Cover." width="480" height="720"></div> -<p class="par"><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb3" href="#pb3" name= -"pb3">3</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="titlePage"> -<div class="docTitle"> -<div class="mainTitle">UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS STUDIES<br> -IN<br> -LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE</div> -<div class="mainTitle"><span class="sc">Vol.</span> III <span class= -"sc">May–November</span>, 1917 <span class="sc">Nos.</span> -2–4</div> -</div> -<div class="byline"><span class="sc">Board of Editors</span><br> -<span class="sc">George T. Flom</span><br> -<span class="sc">William A. Oldfather</span><br> -<span class="sc">Stuart P. Sherman</span></div> -<div class="docImprint"><span class="sc">Published by the University of -Illinois<br> -Under the Auspices of the Graduate School<br> -Urbana, Illinois</span></div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb4" href="#pb4" name= -"pb4">4</a>]</span></p> -<div class="div1 copyright"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first xd21e211"><span class="sc">Copyright</span>, -1917</p> -<p class="par xd21e211"><span class="sc">By the University of -Illinois</span>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb5" href="#pb5" name= -"pb5">5</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="titlePage"> -<div class="docTitle"> -<div class="mainTitle">TAGALOG TEXTS WITH GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS</div> -<div class="subTitle">PART I: TEXTS AND TRANSLATION</div> -<div class="subTitle">PART II: GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS</div> -<div class="subTitle">PART III: LIST OF FORMATIONS AND GLOSSARY</div> -</div> -<div class="byline">BY<br> -<span class="docAuthor">LEONARD BLOOMFIELD</span></div> -<div class="docImprint">UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS<br> -<span class="docDate">1917</span></div> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb7" href="#pb7" name= -"pb7">7</a>]</span></p> -<div id="toc" class="div1 contents"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main"><span class="sc">Table of Contents</span></h2> -<table class="tocList"> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7">PART I <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb131" href="#pb131" name= -"pb131">131</a>]</span></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">PAGE</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#preface" id="xd21e257" -name="xd21e257">Preface</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">9</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#biblio" id="xd21e264" -name="xd21e264">List of Books and Articles consulted</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">13</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#ch1" id="xd21e271" name= -"xd21e271">Texts in Phonetic Transcription <i>and</i> -Translation</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">16</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7">PART II—<a href="#gramana" -id="xd21e284" name="xd21e284">GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS</a> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb323" href="#pb323" name= -"pb323">323</a>]</span></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">A.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#ch2.a" id="xd21e292" -name="xd21e292">PHONETICS</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">134</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>1.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href="#ch2.a.1">Distinctive -sounds</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">134</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>2.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href= -"#ch2.a.2">Syllabication</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">138</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>3.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href= -"#ch2.a.3">Accentuation</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">141</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">B.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#ch2.b" id="xd21e340" -name="xd21e340">SYNTAX</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">146</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>1.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href="#ch2.b.1">Sentence and -word</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">146</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>a.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.1.a">Syntactic -relations</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">146</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>b.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.1.b">Parts of -speech</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">146</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>c.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.1.c">Static and -transient words</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">147</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>d.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.1.d">Personal -names</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">147</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>e.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.1.e">The object -construction</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">148</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>f.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.1.f">Expressions -of indefinite quantity</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">150</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>2.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href="#ch2.b.2">Subject and -predicate</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">151</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>a.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href= -"#ch2.b.2.a">Non-predicative sentences</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">151</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>b.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.2.b">The -subject</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">153</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>c.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.2.c">The -predicate</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">153</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>d.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.2.d">Subordinate -predications</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">159</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>e.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.2.e">Omission of -predicate</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">160</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>3.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href= -"#ch2.b.3">Attributes</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">160</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>a.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.3.a">Conjunctive -attributes</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">162</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>b.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.3.b">Disjunctive -attributes</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">170</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>c.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.3.c">Local -attributes</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">177</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><i>d.</i></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.b.3.d">Absolute -attributes</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">180</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>4.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href="#ch2.b.4">Serial -groups</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">205</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">C.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#ch2.c" id="xd21e586" -name="xd21e586">MORPHOLOGY</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">210</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>1.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href= -"#ch2.c.1">Composition</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">210</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>2.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href="#ch2.c.2">General -features of word-formation</a></b></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">211</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"><b>3.</b></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><b><a href="#ch2.c.3">Description -of formations</a></b> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb132" href= -"#pb132" name="pb132">132</a>]</span></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">218</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">I.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1"><i>Primary -groups</i> (zero, <span lang="tl">pag-, paŋ-</span>)</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">218</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">A.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.a">Simple -static forms</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">218</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(1)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.1">Root-words</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">218</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(2)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.2">Doubling</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">223</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(3)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.3">Reduplication</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">224</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(4)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.a.4">Prefix -<span lang="tl">paŋ-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">224</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">B.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b">Transients, -abstracts, and special static words</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">226</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(1)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.1">Active -with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> and abstract with <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">226</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(2)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.2">Active -with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> and abstract with <span lang="tl">pag- -r</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">231</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(3)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.3">Active -with <span lang="tl">maŋ-</span> and abstract with <span lang= -"tl">paŋ- r</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">239</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(4)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.4">Special -static words</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">241</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(5)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.5">Direct -passive, with <span lang="tl">-in</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">243</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(6)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.6">Special -static words</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">247</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(7)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.7">Instrumental passive, with <span lang= -"tl">i-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">247</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(8)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.8">Special -static words</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">250</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(9)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.9">Local -passive, with <span lang="tl">-an</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">250</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(10)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.10">Special -static words</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">257</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">II.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.c.3.2">Secondary -groups</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">262</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.1">Prefix -<span lang="tl">si-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">262</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.2">Prefix -<span lang="tl">paki-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">263</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.3">Prefix -<span lang="tl">ka-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">265</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(1)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.3.1">Simple -static forms</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">265</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(2)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.3.2">Normal -transients, abstracts, and special static forms</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">268</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(3)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.3.3">Additional -transients, abstracts, and special static forms</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">280</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">4.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.4">Prefix -<span lang="tl">pa-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">298</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(1)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.4.1">Simple -static forms</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">299</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(2)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.4.2">Normal -transients, abstracts, and special static forms</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">301</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">(3)</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.4.3">Transients -and abstracts with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> and <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">309</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">5.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.5">Prefix -<span lang="tl">pati-</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">313</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">III.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><i><a href="#ch2.c.3.3">Irregular -derivatives</a></i></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">314</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7">PART III</td> -<td class="tocPageNum"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#formations" id="xd21e997" -name="xd21e997">LIST OF FORMATIONS</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">317</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#index" id="xd21e1004" -name="xd21e1004">INDEX OF WORDS</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">320</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#corrigenda" id= -"xd21e1011" name="xd21e1011">CORRIGENDA</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum">406</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb9" href="#pb9" name= -"pb9">9</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div id="preface" class="div1 preface"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd21e257">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">PREFACE</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">This essay is purely linguistic in character and -purpose.</p> -<p class="par">In taking phonetic notes on Tagalog I noticed that the -pronunciation of the speaker to whom I was listening, Mr. Alfredo Viola -Santiago (at present a student of architectural engineering in the -University of Illinois) presented certain features of accentuation not -mentioned in the descriptions familiar to me. With the intention of -briefly describing these features, I took down more extensive notes and -asked Mr. Santiago to tell me in Tagalog the stories of “The -Sun” and “The Northwind and the Sun,” used as models -by the International Phonetic Association.</p> -<p class="par">The data so obtained showed that the features of -accentuation I had observed were in part distinctive (expressive of -word-meaning), and, further, that certain other features, which were -but imperfectly described in the treatises I knew (so especially the -use of the “ligatures”), appeared in Mr. Santiago’s -speech in a regular and intelligible manner. A more extensive study was -thus indicated.</p> -<p class="par">The results of this study were subject to two obvious -limitations. The utterances I had transcribed were either translations -or isolated sentences, and I could not determine to what extent the -features of Mr. Santiago’s speech which I had observed were -general in Tagalog.</p> -<p class="par">The former of these limitations was fully overcome when -I asked Mr. Santiago to tell me connected stories. In addition to -fortunate endowments of a more general kind Mr. Santiago possesses, as -I found, that vivacity of intellect and freedom from irrelevant -prepossessions which we seek and so rarely find in people whose -language we try to study. This latter quality may be due in part to the -fact that, as Mr. Santiago’s education has been carried on -entirely in Spanish and English, his speech-feeling for his -mother-tongue has not been deflected by the linguistic, or rather -pseudo-linguistic training of the schools, so familiar to us. However -this may be, I cannot be grateful enough to Mr. Santiago (and I hope -that the reader will join me in this feeling) for the intelligence, -freshness, and imagination with which he has given us connected -narratives in his native language,—stories he heard in childhood -and experiences of his own and of his friends. It is to be hoped that -some of these will be of interest to students of folk-lore (as, for -instance, Nos. <a href="#s9">9</a>, <a href="#s10">10</a>, <a href= -"#s11">11</a>, the old Hindu fable in No. <a href="#s4">4</a>, and the -Midas <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb10" href="#pb10" name= -"pb10">10</a>]</span>story, much changed, in No. <a href="#s5">5</a>); -the texts are here given, however, only for their linguistic -interest.</p> -<p class="par">The second limitation could not be overcome. As there -exists at present no adequate description of the dialectal -differentiation of Tagalog, nor even an adequate description of any one -form of the language, I can make no definite statement as to the -relation of Mr. Santiago’s speech to other forms of Tagalog.</p> -<p class="par">What is here presented is, then, a specimen of the -speech of an educated speaker from Mr. Santiago’s home town, San -Miguel na Matamés, Bulacán Province, Luzón. It -would have been possible to include in the description the speech of at -least one other educated Tagalog from a different region (uneducated -speakers are unfortunately not within my reach), as well as such data -as might be gathered from printed Tagalog books: I have refrained from -this extension because, at the present state of our knowledge, a single -clearly defined set of data is preferable to a necessarily incomplete -attempt at describing the whole language in its local and literary -variations. Comparison of literary Tagalog (chiefly the translation of -José Rizal’s “<a class="pglink xd21e48" title= -"Link to Project Gutenberg ebook" href= -"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/20228">Noli me Tangere</a>” by -Patricio Mariano, Manila, Morales, 1913<a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e1056src" href="#xd21e1056" name="xd21e1056src">1</a>) shows that -Mr. Santiago’s speech is not far removed from it. In most cases -where my results deviate from the statements of the Spanish grammars, -the evidence of printed books (and not infrequently the internal -evidence of the grammars themselves) shows that the divergence is due -not to dialectal differences but to the fact that the grammars are the -product of linguistically untrained observers, who heard in terms of -Spanish articulations and classified in those of Latin grammar.</p> -<p class="par">This study presents, then, the first Tagalog texts in -phonetic transcription and the first scientific analysis of the -structure of the language<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1064src" href= -"#xd21e1064" name="xd21e1064src">2</a>. Although the nature of the -problem forbade the use of any material other than that obtained from -Mr. Santiago, I have examined all the treatises on Tagalog accessible -to me. No experience could show more clearly than the reading of these -books the necessity of linguistic and especially phonetic training for -anyone who wishes to describe a language. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb11" href="#pb11" name="pb11">11</a>]</span>Not one of the works in -the following list<a class="noteref" id="xd21e1069src" href= -"#xd21e1069" name="xd21e1069src">3</a> contains an intelligible -description of the pronunciation of Tagalog. The only general work of -scientific value is the excellent second volume of P. Serrano -Laktaw’s dictionary. Much as one may admire the pioneer courage -of Totanes and the originality of Minguella, these venerable men were -as little able to describe a language as one untrained in botany is to -describe a plant. Among the authors of monographs are several good -names and one or two of the greatest in our science: nearly all of -these authors mention the difficulty under which they labored for want -of an adequate description of the language. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb13" href="#pb13" name="pb13">13</a>]</span></p> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e1056" href="#xd21e1056src" name="xd21e1056">1</a></span> An -English translation by Charles Derbyshire was published in 1912 by the -Philippine Education Company in Manila and the World Book Company in -New York, under the title “<a class="pglink xd21e48" title= -"Link to Project Gutenberg ebook" href= -"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/6737">The Social -Cancer</a>”. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e1056src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e1064" href="#xd21e1064src" name="xd21e1064">2</a></span> The -entire syntax and much of the morphology, especially whatever relates -to the accent-shifts in word-formation, will be found to be new. I have -of course refrained from any and all historical surmises beyond the -indication of unassimilated loan-words. The system of transcription -used is, with a few deviations, that of the International Phonetic -Association. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e1064src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e1069" href="#xd21e1069src" name="xd21e1069">3</a></span> They -were accessible to me chiefly through the courtesy of the Newberry -Library in Chicago. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e1069src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -<div id="biblio" class="div1 bibliography"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#xd21e264">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">LIST OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES CONSULTED</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p lang="de" class="par first">Alter, F. C., Über die tagalische -Sprache. Wien 1803.</p> -<p class="par">Blake, F. R., Contributions to comparative Philippine -Grammar. (Journal of the American Oriental Society, vols. 27, 28, 29, -30).</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="de">Brandstetter, R., Tagalen und -Madagassen, Luzern 1902</span>. (= his <span lang= -"de">Malayo-polynesiche Forschungen, ser. 2, no. 2</span>).</p> -<p class="par">Conant, C. E., The names of the Philippine languages. -(Anthropos, vol. 4).</p> -<p class="par sameAuthor">The pepet law in the Philippine languages. -(Anthropos, vol. 7).</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">de Coria, J., Nueva gramática tagalog. -Madrid 1872.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Cue-Malay, G., Frases usuales para la -conversacion en español tagalo é ingles. Manila 1898.</p> -<p class="par">Doherty, D. J., The Tagalog language. (Educational -Review, vol. 24).</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Durán, C. G., Manual de conversaciones -en castellano tagalo é inglés. Manila 1900.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Fernandez, D. E., Nuevo vocabulario ó -manual de conversaciones en español, tagalo y pampango. Binondo -1901.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Francisco [Blancas] de San Josef, Arte y -Reglas de la lengua Tagala. Manila 1832.</p> -<p lang="tl" class="par">Garcia, F., at Herrera, V., Manga onang turo -sa uikang inglés. Maynila 1902.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Gaspar de San Agustin, Compendio de la Lengua -Tagala. Manila 1879.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Hévia Campomanes, J., Lecciones de -gramática Hispano-Tagala. Manila 1872. 3d ed. 1883. 4th ed. -1888.</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="de">von Humboldt, W., Die -Kawi-Sprache</span>, vol. 2, pp. 315 ff., 347 ff. (= Berlin Academy -Transactions, 1832, vol. 3).</p> -<p lang="nl" class="par">Kern, J. H. C., Over zoogenaamde -verbindingsklanken in het Tagala. (Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en -volkenkunde van <span class="corr" id="xd21e1116" title= -"Source: Nederlandsch-Indie">Nederlandsch-Indië</span>, ser. 3, -vol. 11).</p> -<p lang="nl" class="par sameAuthor">Sanskritsche woorden in het Tagala. -(ib., ser. 4, vol. 4).</p> -<p class="par">Kirk, May, The Baldwin primer. Tagalog edition. New York -[1899 and 1902 copyright].</p> -<p class="par">Lendoyro, C., The Tagalog language. Manila 1902.</p> -<p class="par">MacKinlay, W. E. W., A handbook and grammar of the -Tagalog language. Washington 1905.</p> -<p lang="fr" class="par">Marre, A., Grammaire tagalog (<span lang= -"nl">Bijdragen</span>, ser. 6, vol. 9).</p> -<p class="par">Merrill, E. D., A dictionary of the plant names of the -Philippine Islands. Manila 1903. (Publications of the Bureau of -Government Laboratories, Department of the Interior, Philippine -Islands, no. 8).</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Miles, J., <span class="corr" id="xd21e1137" -title="Source: Metodo">Método</span> -teórico-práctico y compendiado para aprender el lenguaje -Tagálog. Barcelona 1887.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Minguella, T., Ensayo de gramática -Hispano-Tagala. Manila 1878.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par sameAuthor">Método práctico para -que los niños y niñas de las provincias tagalas aprendan -á hablar Castellano. Manila 1886. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb14" href="#pb14" name="pb14">14</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Neilson, P. D., English-Tagalog Dictionary. Manila -1903.</p> -<p class="par sameAuthor">Tagalog-English Dictionary. Manila 1903.</p> -<p class="par">Nigg, C., Tagalog English and English Tagalog -Dictionary. Manila 1904.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">de Noceda, J., y de Sanlucar, P., Vocabulario -de la lengua Tagala. Manila 1860.</p> -<p lang="tl" class="par">Paglinawan, M., Balarilang Tagalog [on cover: -Gramatikang Tagalog] Maynila 1910.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Pardo de Tavera, T. H., Consideraciones sobre -el origen del nombre de los números en Tagalog (La España -oriental 1889).</p> -<p lang="es" class="par sameAuthor">El <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e1159" title="Source: Sanscrito">Sánscrito</span> en la -lengua Tagalog. Paris 1887.</p> -<p class="par">Rizal, José, <span lang="de">Die Transcription -des Tagalog.</span> (Translated by F. Blumentritt, <span lang= -"nl">Bijdragen</span>, vol. 42).</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">de los Santos, Domingo, Vocabulario de la -lengua Tagala. Manila 1835 (reimpreso).</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Serrano, R., Diccionario de terminos comunes -Tagalo-Castellano. Ed. 3. Binondo 1869.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par sameAuthor">Nuevo diccionario manual -Español-Tagalo. Manila 1872.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">Serrano Laktaw, P., Diccionario -Hispano-Tagalog. Primera parte. Manila 1889.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par sameAuthor">Diccionario Tagalog-Hispano. -Segunda parte. Manila 1914.</p> -<p lang="es" class="par">de Totanes, S., Arte de la lengua Tagala. -Manila 1745. Sampaloc 1796. Manila 1850. Binondo 1865 (reimpreso).</p> -<p class="par">Wolfensohn, L. B., The infixes <span lang= -"tl">la<span class="corr" id="xd21e1187" title="Not in source">,</span> -li, lo</span> in Tagalog. (Journal of the American Oriental Society, -vol. 27). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb16" href="#pb16" name= -"pb16">16</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="body"> -<div id="ch1" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd21e271">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main"><span class="divNum">I.</span> TEXTS IN PHONETIC -TRANSCRIPTION</h2> -<div id="s1" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"></td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="label">Translation</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a16.1" name="a16.1"></a><span class= -"divNum">1.</span> Aŋ ulòl na uŋgòʾ at -aŋ marúnoŋ na pagòŋ.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main">1. The foolish monkey and the clever turtle.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a16.2" name="a16.2"></a>Mínsan -aŋ pagòŋ hábaŋ nalìlígo sa -ílog, ay nakàkíta syà naŋ <a id= -"a16.3" name="a16.3"></a>isa ŋ -púno-ŋ-ságiŋ na lumùlútaŋ at -tinátaŋày naŋ ágos. Hiníla <a id= -"a16.4" name="a16.4"></a>niya sa pasígan, dátapwat -hindí nya madalà sa lúpaʾ. Dáhil -díto <a id="a16.5" name="a16.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>tináwag nya aŋ kaybígan niya -ŋ uŋgòʾ at iniyálay nyà aŋ -kapútol <a id="a16.6" name="a16.6"></a>naŋ -púno-ŋ-ságiŋ kuŋ itátanim -nyà aŋ kanyà ŋ kapartè. -Tumaŋòʾ <a id="a16.7" name="a16.7"></a>aŋ -uŋgòʾ at hináte nilà sa -gitnàʾ mulá sa magkábila ŋ dúlo -aŋ <a id="a16.8" name="a16.8"></a>púno naŋ -ságiŋ. Inaŋkìn naŋ uŋgò -aŋ kapútol na máy maŋa <a id="a16.9" name= -"a16.9"></a>dáhon, dáhil sa panukálà nya na -iyòn ay tùtúbo na mabúti káy sa -<a id="a16.10" name="a16.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>kapútol na wala ŋ dáhon.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Once upon a time, when the turtle was swimming in -the river, he saw a banana-tree adrift and being carried along by the -current. He dragged it to the beach, but was not able to carry it up to -the solid ground. Therefore he called his friend, the monkey, and -offered him a half of the banana-tree, if he would plant his part for -him. The monkey agreed, and they divided the banana-tree at the middle, -half-way from either end. The monkey took the half which had leaves, -because he thought it would grow better than the half which had -none.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.11" name="a16.11"></a>Naŋ -makaraàn aŋ ila ŋ áraw, aŋ púno -naŋ uŋgòʾ ay namatày, <a id="a16.12" name= -"a16.12"></a>yámaŋ aŋ sa pagòŋ ay -tumúbo haŋgàŋ sa magbúŋa. Aŋ -maŋa <a id="a16.13" name="a16.13"></a>ságiŋ ay -nahinòg, dátapwat hindí maakyàt naŋ -pagòŋ. Dahil díto tináwag nyà aŋ -kanya ŋ kaybíga ŋ uŋgòʾ at -inyálay nya aŋ ila ŋ <a id="a16.15" name= -"a16.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>búŋa naŋ -ságiŋ kuŋ àakyatin nyà aŋ -púnoʾ. Aŋ uŋgòʾ ay umakyàt -<a id="a16.16" name="a16.16"></a>at kumáin naŋ -makàkáya.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When a few days had passed, the monkey’s tree -died, while that of the turtle grew until it bore fruit. The bananas -grew ripe, but the turtle could not climb for them. Therefore he called -his friend, the monkey, and offered him some of the fruits of the -banana, if he would climb the tree. The monkey climbed up and ate for -all he was worth.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.17" name="a16.17"></a>Sinábi naŋ -pagòŋ: “Hulúgan mo akò.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Said the turtle: “Throw me some.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.18" name="a16.18"></a>Dátapuwat -isinagòt naŋ uŋgòʾ: “Balat -màn at malinamnàm <a id="a16.19" name="a16.19"></a>ay -hindí kita hùhulúgan.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">But the monkey answered: “Though sweet the skins, -I’d throw you none.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.20" name="a16.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Aŋ pagòŋ ay nagálit at -nagsábug sya naŋ tinìk sa palígid <a id= -"a16.21" name="a16.21"></a>naŋ púnoʾ. Naŋ -lumuksò aŋ uŋgò ay nátinik syà. -Pinagbintaŋan <a id="a16.22" name="a16.22"></a>nyà aŋ -pagòŋ at kanya ŋ hinánap úpaŋ -parusáhan niyà. Nàhúli <a id="a16.23" name= -"a16.23"></a>nya aŋ pagòŋ sa kabilà naŋ -isa ŋ toòd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The turtle got angry and scattered spines round the foot -of the tree. When the monkey jumped down, he landed on the spines. He -suspected the turtle and looked for him, in order to punish him. He -found the turtle behind a stump.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.24" name="a16.24"></a>Sinábi nya sa -pagòŋ: “Kità ay áki ŋ -parùrusáhan. Mamíli <a id="a16.25" name= -"a16.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>ka sa dalawà. -Dikdikìn kità sa lusòŋ o lunúrin -kità sa ílog?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Said he to the turtle: “I am going to punish you. -Choose between the two: shall I bray you in a mortar or drown you in -the river?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.26" name="a16.26"></a>Aŋ -marúnoŋ na pagòŋ ay nagumpisà naŋ -pagsisigàw at <a id="a16.27" name= -"a16.27"></a>hinilìŋ nya sa uŋgòʾ na, -kuŋ maàáreʾ, ay dikdikìn siya sa -lusòŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The clever turtle began to shout and begged the monkey, -if it were possible, to bray him in a mortar.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.28" name="a16.28"></a>Dátapwat -isinagòt naŋ uŋgòʾ: “Ibíbigay -kò sa iyò aŋ parúsa <a id="a16.29" name= -"a16.29"></a>na hindí mo gustò.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">But the monkey answered: “I shall give you the -punishment you don’t want.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.30" name="a16.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>At inihágis nya sa ílog aŋ -pagòŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">And he threw the turtle into the river.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a16.31" name="a16.31"></a>Naŋ dumápo -aŋ pagòŋ sa túbig ay nagsisigàw sya at -sinábi <a id="a16.32" name="a16.32"></a>nyà sa -uŋgòʾ: “Salámat, kaybígan. -Itò aŋ áki ŋ tìráhan!” -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb18" href="#pb18" name= -"pb18">18</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the turtle arrived in the water, he set up a shout -and said to the monkey: “Thank you, friend!<a id="xd21e7335" -name="xd21e7335"></a> This is my home.”</p> -<hr class="tb"> -<p class="par"></p> -<p class="par">Note. p. 16, l. 2 <span lang="tl">aŋ -pagòŋ hábaŋ nalìlígoʾ</span> -is unusual and no doubt traditional for <span lang= -"tl">hábaŋ aŋ pagòŋ ay -nalìlígoʾ.</span> Similarly, p. 16, l. 18 -<span lang="tl">Balat màn at malinamnàm ...</span> is -traditional (proverbial) for modern <span lang="tl">Káhit na -malinamnàm aŋ maŋa balàt.</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb19" href="#pb19" name="pb19">19</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s2" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a18.1" name="a18.1"></a><span class= -"divNum">2.</span> Aŋ pagtatakbúhan naŋ usà at -naŋ susòʾ.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">2.</span> The race of the deer -and the snail.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a18.2" name="a18.2"></a>Isà ŋ -usà ŋ naŋìŋináin sa gúbat ay -nakátagpò naŋ isa ŋ susòʾ <a id= -"a18.3" name="a18.3"></a>na gumàgápaŋ sa -dáhon naŋ búhoʾ. Aŋ usà ay -naghintò naŋ <a id="a18.4" name= -"a18.4"></a>paŋiŋináin at pinagmasdàn -nyà aŋ mabágal na paggápaŋ naŋ -<span class="lineNum">5</span>susòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">A deer, grazing in the jungle, came upon a snail -that was creeping over the leaf of a bamboo-plant. The deer ceased from -his grazing and watched the slow creeping of the snail.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.6" name="a18.6"></a>Makaraàn aŋ -ila ŋ sandalìʾ ay sinábi nyà sa -susòʾ: “Ano ŋ <a id="a18.7" name= -"a18.7"></a>hína mo ŋ lumákad! Bákit -hindí ka magáral na lumákad naŋ <a id="a18.8" -name="a18.8"></a>matúlin? Gáya ko, akù y -paráti ŋ nàhàhábul naŋ maŋa -áso, <a id="a18.9" name="a18.9"></a>dátapwat aŋ -matúlin ko ŋ pagtakbò ay sya ŋ -naglíligtàs sa ákin <a id="a18.10" name= -"a18.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>naŋ áki ŋ -búhay. Dátapwat gáya mò, kuŋ -ikàw ay habúlin naŋ <a id="a18.11" name= -"a18.11"></a>káhit anò ŋ kaáway, -papáno aŋ maŋyàyári sa iyo ŋ -búhay? Pího <a id="a18.12" name="a18.12"></a>ŋ -ikàw ay màpàpatày.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When a few moments had passed, he said to the snail: -“How slowly you walk! Why don’t you learn to walk faster? -Look at me,—I am often pursued by dogs, but my swift running is -what saves my life. But look at you,—if you should be pursued by -any foe, what will ever save your life? Surely you will get -killed.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.13" name="a18.13"></a>Pagkárinig -naŋ susòʾ sa maŋa salità ŋ itò -ay tiniŋnàn nya <a id="a18.14" name="a18.14"></a>aŋ -usà at kanya ŋ pinagarálan aŋ maínam nya -ŋ paŋaŋatawàn, <a id="a18.15" name= -"a18.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>aŋ kanya ŋ -mahahába ŋ paà, at aŋ malalakàs nya -ŋ lamàn. Iníbig <a id="a18.16" name="a18.16"></a>nya -na siya màn ay gaya rìn naŋ usà -úpaŋ siyà ay makatakbò <a id="a18.17" name= -"a18.17"></a>naŋ matúlin. Dátapwat kanyà -ŋ inakálàʾ na, kuŋ pilítin nya na -<a id="a18.18" name="a18.18"></a>sya y tumakbò, ay hindí -sya màhùhulè naŋ malakì sa -usà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the snail had heard these words, he looked at the -deer and scanned his fine physique, his long legs, and his strong -muscles. He wished that he too might be like the deer, so that he could -run fast. However, he thought that if he forced himself to run, he -should not remain far behind the deer.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.19" name="a18.19"></a>Sa gayòn ay -isinagot nyà sa usà: “Ikàw ay -mapaŋmatà. <a id="a18.20" name="a18.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Hindí mo -hinìhinálàʾ kuŋ anò aŋ -magágawa naŋ isa ŋ may matíbay <a id="a18.21" -name="a18.21"></a>na paggustò. Hinàhámon -kità na makipagtakbúhan sa ákin mula <a id= -"a18.22" name="a18.22"></a>ríto haŋgàŋ sa -ílog na nása bandà ŋ kalunúran -mulà ríto.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Accordingly he answered the deer: “You are -overweening. You do not suspect what can be done by one who has a -strong will. I challenge you to race with me from here to the river -that lies west of here.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.23" name="a18.23"></a>Aŋ usà ay -tumáwa naŋ malakàs at isinagòt sa -susòʾ: “Bákit <a id="a18.24" name= -"a18.24"></a>mo inakála ŋ tàtalúnin mo -akò? Sigúro ŋ ikàw ay -magdàdáyaʾ!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The deer laughed loudly and answered the snail: -“How can you think you will defeat me? I suppose you are going to -cheat.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.25" name="a18.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Isinagòt naŋ susòʾ, na -hindí siya magdàdáyaʾ, at, úpaŋ -máy-roo <a id="a18.26" name="a18.26"></a>ŋ -tumiŋìn sa kanilà at magìŋ hukòm -sa kanila ŋ pagtatakbúhan, <a id="a18.27" name= -"a18.27"></a>ay sinábi nyà na tumáwag silà -naŋ isà sa maŋa kayibígan <a id="a18.28" name= -"a18.28"></a>nilà, na sya ŋ magígiŋ -hukòm.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The snail answered that he was not going to cheat, and, -so that there might be someone to watch them and be judge over their -race, he suggested that they call one of their friends to be judge.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.29" name="a18.29"></a>Aŋ usà ay -pumáyag, at tináwag nilà aŋ isa ŋ -kálaw, úpaŋ <span class="lineNum">30</span>siya -ŋ magìŋ hukòm.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The deer agreed, and they called an owl to be judge.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.31" name="a18.31"></a>Naŋ -magumpisà silà naŋ pagtakbò ay malakì -aŋ nagìŋ pagkáhuli <a id="a18.32" name= -"a18.32"></a>naŋ susòʾ. Sa kanyà ŋ -pagtakbò aŋ usà ay nakáraàn naŋ -<a id="a18.33" name="a18.33"></a>isa ŋ mayábuŋ na -damúhan. Naghintú sya úpaŋ -maŋináin, yámaŋ <a id="a18.34" name= -"a18.34"></a>malakì aŋ pagkáuna nya sa -susòʾ. Binálak nyà na pagkátanaw -<a id="a18.35" name="a18.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>nya na -dumáratiŋ aŋ susòʾ ay tátakbo -syà ŋ mulìʾ. Dátapuwat, <a id="a18.36" -name="a18.36"></a>naŋ sya y makapaŋináin, ay -sinumpòŋ sya naŋ katàmáran. -Natúlug <a id="a18.37" name="a18.37"></a>sya sa -panukálà na màgìgisiŋ syà -bágo dumatìŋ aŋ susòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When they began to run, the snail was soon left far -behind. On his course the deer came upon a flourishing grass-field. He -stopped to graze, since his start over the snail was so great. He -planned that when he saw the snail coming, he would start running -again. However, when he had done feeding, he was attacked by laziness. -He went to sleep, with the thought that he would wake up before the -snail arrived.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.38" name="a18.38"></a>Dátapwat, -hábaŋ sya y natùtúlog, ay nakaraàn -aŋ susòʾ. Naŋ <a id="a18.39" name= -"a18.39"></a>mágisiŋ syà ay malálim nà -sa hápon. Tumakbo syà naŋ úbus-lakàs -<a id="a18.40" name="a18.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>patúŋu sa ílog, at doòn ay -sinalúboŋ sya naŋ susòʾ at naŋ kanila -ŋ hukòm na kálaw.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">However, while he was asleep, the snail passed by. When -he awoke, it was already late in the afternoon. He ran with all his -might to the river, and there he was met by the snail and their judge, -the owl.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a18.42" name="a18.42"></a>“Ikàw ay -talúnan,” winíka pagdáka naŋ kanila -ŋ hukòm. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb20" href="#pb20" -name="pb20">20</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“You are defeated,” said their judge at -once. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb21" href="#pb21" name= -"pb21">21</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s3" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a20.1" name="a20.1"></a><span class= -"divNum">3.</span> Isà ŋ Biyàrnes-Sànto.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">3.</span> A Good Friday.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a20.2" name="a20.2"></a>Si Hwàn at -aŋ kanyà ŋ kaybíga ŋ si Pédro ay -namámaŋká <a id="a20.3" name="a20.3"></a>sa -ílug patúŋo sa báya-ŋ-Balíwag. Sa -baŋkàʾ ay máy-roon silà <a id="a20.4" -name="a20.4"></a>ŋ isà ŋ laráwan naŋ -Krísto na kanila ŋ iniháhatid sa páreʾ, -úpaŋ <a id="a20.5" name="a20.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>magámit sa pagdadáus naŋ isa -ŋ Pitù ŋ Wíkaʾ. Si Hwàn ay <a id= -"a20.6" name="a20.6"></a>sinìsiglàn naŋ -tákot.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Juan and his friend Pedro were canoeing on the -river toward the town Baliwag. In their canoe they had an image of -Christ which they were conveying to a priest to be used in the -celebration of a Good Friday Mass. Juan was filled with terror.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.7" name="a20.7"></a>Sinábi nya kay -Pédro: “Aŋ táwu nátin sa -baŋkàʾ ay tadtàd <a id="a20.8" name= -"a20.8"></a>naŋ súgat at hindí -humíhiŋà. Sa akálà ko y patày -aŋ táo ŋ <a id="a20.9" name="a20.9"></a>iyàn. -Baká táyu aŋ pagbintaŋàn naŋ -pári ŋ áti ŋ paghàhatdàn -<span class="lineNum">10</span>sa kanyà.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Said he to Pedro: “This man of ours in the canoe -is all chopped up with wounds and no longer breathing. I think this man -is a corpse. I am afraid we shall be suspected by the priest to whom we -are delivering him.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.11" name="a20.11"></a>Isinagòt ni -Pédro: “Sàsabíhin nátin sa -kanyà na, naŋ màlúlan <a id="a20.12" name= -"a20.12"></a>sa áti ŋ baŋkàʾ aŋ -táo ŋ itò y ganyan nà aŋ kanya ŋ -anyòʾ. <a id="a20.13" name="a20.13"></a>Táyu y -marámi ŋ tagapagpatotoò, kanyá hwag kà -ŋ matákot.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Pedro answered: “We shall tell him that when this -man was loaded into our canoe, he was already in this condition. We -have many witnesses, so don’t be afraid.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.14" name="a20.14"></a>Naŋ -dumatìŋ sila sa páreʾ, ay ibinigày nila -aŋ laráwan. <a id="a20.15" name="a20.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Pinagsabíhan silà naŋ -páreʾ na pumaroòn sila sa simbáhan -kinàbukásan <a id="a20.16" name="a20.16"></a>naŋ -hápon, úpaŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e1455" title= -"Source: mákinig">makinìg</span> naŋ -sèrmon.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When they reached the priest they gave him the image. -The priest told them to come to church the next day in the afternoon to -hear the sermon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.17" name="a20.17"></a>Si Hwàn ay -siniglà ŋ mulí naŋ tákot, -sapagkàt hindí nya <a id="a20.18" name= -"a20.18"></a>màpagkúro kuŋ bákit íbig -naŋ páreʾ na silà ay pása -simbáhan. <a id="a20.19" name="a20.19"></a>Paráti sya -ŋ nakárinig naŋ maŋa táo ŋ -kinumbidà sa simbáhan <a id="a20.20" name= -"a20.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>at doòn ay -hinúli naŋ gwàrdya-sibìl. Dátapuwat -hindí sya nagwíka <a id="a20.21" name= -"a20.21"></a>naŋ anu màn kay Pédro, sapagkàt -nàkìkíta nya na itò y walà ŋ -tákot.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan was again filled with terror, for he could not make -out why the priest wanted them to go to the church. He had often heard -of men being summoned to the church and there seized by the gendarmes. -However, he did not say anything to Pedro, for he saw that the latter -had no fear.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.23" name= -"a20.23"></a>Kinàbukásan naŋ hápun ay -naparoòn sila sa simbáhan, at <a id="a20.24" name= -"a20.24"></a>doòn ay nàkíta nilà aŋ -isa ŋ Krísto ŋ nàpàpákù sa -krùs.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">On the next day in the afternoon they went to church, -and there they saw a Christ nailed to the cross.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.25" name="a20.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Winíkà ni Hwàn: “Aŋ -táu ŋ yaòn, kuŋ iyò ŋ -natàtandaàn, <a id="a20.26" name="a20.26"></a>ay sya -náti ŋ inihatìd sa páreʾ. Mabúti -táyo y dumoòn sa isa <a id="a20.27" name= -"a20.27"></a>ŋ lugàr na hindí maáabut -naŋ matà naŋ páreʾ.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Said Juan: “That man, if you remember, is the one -we delivered to the priest. We had better go to some place out of sight -of the priest.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.28" name="a20.28"></a>Kanyá -silà ŋ dalawà ay naparoòn sa ilálim -naŋ pùlpito, úpaŋ <a id="a20.29" name= -"a20.29"></a>doòn nilà pakiŋgàn aŋ -sèrmon. Nagumpisà aŋ Syéti-Palábras, -<a id="a20.30" name="a20.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>at -aŋ párì ay dumáratiŋ nà sa -bandà ŋ hulì naŋ kanya ŋ -sèrmon.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">So the two of them went under the pulpit, to hear the -sermon from there. The Good Friday Mass began, and the priest was -already getting to the last part of his sermon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.31" name="a20.31"></a>Winíkà -naŋ pári sa kanya ŋ sèrmon: -“Magsísi kayò sa inyù <a id="a20.32" name= -"a20.32"></a>ŋ maŋa kasalánan, malulupìt na -táo. Masdàn ninyò aŋ maŋa súgat -<a id="a20.33" name="a20.33"></a>na hiníwa ninyù sa -katawàn naŋ áti ŋ -Mànanákop.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">In his sermon the priest said: “Repent ye of your -sins, cruel people! Behold the wounds which you struck in the body of -our Savior!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.34" name="a20.34"></a>Pagkárinig -nitò ni Hwàn ay sya y siniglà ŋ mulí -naŋ tákot, <a id="a20.35" name="a20.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>sapagkàt inakálà nya na siya y -nàpàpagbintaŋàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When Juan heard this, he was again filled with terror, -for he thought that he had fallen under suspicion.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.36" name="a20.36"></a>Kanyàʾ -aŋ ginawá nya ay umalìs sya sa ilálim -naŋ pùlpito, <a id="a20.37" name= -"a20.37"></a>hinaràp nya aŋ páreʾ, at -sinábi nya: “Ámoŋ, hindí po kamì -aŋ <a id="a20.38" name="a20.38"></a>sumúgat sa táo -ŋ iyàn. Naŋ sya y ilúlan sa ámi ŋ -baŋkàʾ, ay <a id="a20.39" name="a20.39"></a>sugatan -nà sya antimáno.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Therefore, what he did was to come out from under the -pulpit, face the priest, and say: “Father, we are not the ones -who wounded this man! When he was loaded into our canoe he was already -wounded.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a20.40" name="a20.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Pagkawíkà nya nitò ay -bumalìk sya sa ilálim naŋ pùlpito. <a id= -"a20.41" name="a20.41"></a>Hindí pinansìn naŋ -párìʾ aŋ maŋa nárinig nya ŋ -salitàʾ, at ipinatúluy nya aŋ kanya ŋ -sèrmon. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb22" href="#pb22" name= -"pb22">22</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When he had said this, he went back under the pulpit. -The priest paid no attention to the speech he had heard, and went on -with his sermon.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a22.1" name="a22.1"></a>“Dumatiŋ -nà aŋ áraw na kayò ŋ maŋa -makasalánan ay dápat <a id="a22.2" name= -"a22.2"></a>magsipagsísi. Aŋ maŋa pintúan -naŋ láŋit ay <span class="corr" id="xd21e1536" title= -"Source: nabuksan">nábuksan</span> nà sa <a id="a22.3" -name="a22.3"></a>pagkamatày naŋ áti ŋ -Mànanákop, at káhit na sínu ŋ -makasalánan <a id="a22.4" name="a22.4"></a>ay -makapàpásuk sa láŋit, kuŋ sila y -magsipagsísi. Dátapwat, <a id="a22.5" name= -"a22.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>kuŋ hindí kayo -magsipagsísi, ay màpàparusáhan kayò -naŋ hírap <a id="a22.6" name="a22.6"></a>na wala ŋ -haŋgàn sa maŋa apùy sa infyèrno, -dahilàn sa maŋa <a id="a22.7" name="a22.7"></a>hírap -na ipinasákit ninyò sa áti ŋ -Mànanákop. Masdàn ninyò <a id="a22.8" name= -"a22.8"></a>aŋ kanyà ŋ katawàn na -pumàpáwis naŋ dugòʾ, aŋ kanya -ŋ paà t <a id="a22.9" name="a22.9"></a>kamày na -nàpàpáko sa krùs, at aŋ kanyà -ŋ maŋa súgat mulá sa <a id="a22.10" name= -"a22.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>paà -haŋgàŋ úlo. Wala ŋ ibà ŋ -nagpàpahírap sa kanyà at sumúgat <a id= -"a22.11" name="a22.11"></a>sa kanyà ŋ mahàl na -katawàn, kuŋ hindí kayò, maŋa -táwo ŋ <a id="a22.12" name="a22.12"></a>makasalánan, -at, kuŋ hindí kayo magsipagsísi, ay -mahùhúlug kayo sa infyèrno!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“The day has come now, when ye sinners must -repent. The portals <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb23" href="#pb23" -name="pb23">23</a>]</span>of Heaven are open now through the death of -our Savior, and every sinner can enter Heaven, if he repent. But if ye -do not repent, ye shall come to be punished with sufferings without end -in the flames of Hell for the sufferings which ye caused our Savior to -undergo. Behold His body sweating blood, His hands and feet nailed to -the cross, and His wounds from head to feet. No one other caused Him to -suffer and wounded His dear body, than you, ye sinners, and if ye do -not repent, ye shall fall into Hell.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a22.14" name="a22.14"></a>Si Hwàn ay -hindí màpalagày, at inakálà nya na -aŋ pári ay <a id="a22.15" name="a22.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>sinìsilakbuhàn naŋ gálit -lában sa kanyà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan could not remain in his place, for he thought that -the priest was overflowing with anger against him.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a22.16" name="a22.16"></a>Kanyàʾ -hinarap nyà ŋ mulí aŋ páreʾ, at -sinábi nya naŋ úbus-lakàs: <a id="a22.17" -name="a22.17"></a>“Ámoŋ, sinábi ko na -pòʾ sa inyò kanína na hindí ako <a id= -"a22.18" name="a22.18"></a>kasále ŋ sumúgat sa -táo ŋ iyán, kanyá hwag pò ninyo -akò ŋ <a id="a22.19" name="a22.19"></a>ipadalà sa -impyèrno.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">So he again faced the priest and said, as loudly as he -could: “Father, only a moment ago I told you that I had no part -in wounding this man, so do not send me, sir, to Hell.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>Aŋ pári ay -siniglàn naŋ malakì ŋ gálit, -kanyá sinábi nya sa <a id="a22.21" name= -"a22.21"></a>maŋà nakíkinìg: “Anu ba -kayò, maŋa uŋàs na táo? Walá baga -<a id="a22.22" name="a22.22"></a>ní isa sa inyò na -makaháwak sa táo ŋ itò úpaŋ -bigtihìn?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The priest was filled with great anger and said to the -congregation: “What sort of people are you, foolish folk? Is -there not one among you who can take hold of this fellow and choke -him?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Pagkárinig nitò ni Hwàn ay tumakbo -syà naŋ úbus-lakàs at <a id="a22.24" name= -"a22.24"></a>sinagasáa ŋ walà ŋ -patumaŋgà aŋ maŋa táo ŋ -nàlùluhòd at umíiyàk <a id="a22.25" -name="a22.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>sa pagsisísi -naŋ kanilà ŋ kasalánan. Sinundan syà ni -Pédro at <a id="a22.26" name="a22.26"></a>silà ŋ -dalawà ay nagtakbúhan naŋ wala ŋ hintò -haŋgàŋ sa dumatìŋ <a id="a22.27" name= -"a22.27"></a>sila sa kanila ŋ báyan. At doòn ay -ipinamalítà nila aŋ bútas-karáyum -<a id="a22.28" name="a22.28"></a>na niligtasàn nilà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When Juan heard this, he ran with all his might, -trampling without regard the people who were kneeling and weeping in -repentance of their sins. He was followed by Pedro, and the two ran -together, without stopping, until they reached their home town. And -there they told the story of their narrow escape.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s4" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a22.29" name="a22.29"></a><span class= -"divNum">4.</span> Aŋ kúbaʾ at aŋ -bulàg.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">4.</span> The hunchback and the -blindman.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a22.30" name="a22.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Isa ŋ kúbaʾ at isa ŋ -bulàg ay matálik na magkaybígan. Kuŋ <a id= -"a22.31" name="a22.31"></a>sila y naglálakàd aŋ -kúbaʾ aŋ umàákay sa bulàg. -Aŋ bulàg <a id="a22.32" name="a22.32"></a>namàn ay -syà ŋ pumápasàn sa kúbà -kuŋ máy-roon silà ŋ mahírap <a id= -"a22.33" name="a22.33"></a>na nilàlakáran, -sapagkàt aŋ kúbaʾ ay mahínaʾ -aŋ katawàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">A hunchback and a blindman were close friends. -When they walked, the hunchback led the blindman; the blindman, on the -other hand, carried the hunchback on his shoulders, when they had a -hard road to travel, for the hunchback was weak of body.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a22.34" name="a22.34"></a>Mínsan sila y -nakáraàn naŋ isà ŋ -púno-ŋ-nyòg. Íbig nila ŋ <a id="a22.35" -name="a22.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>pumitàs -naŋ búŋa, dátapuwat hindí nila -màláman kuŋ síno sa <a id="a22.36" name= -"a22.36"></a>kanilà ŋ dalawà aŋ -áakyàt sa púnòʾ. Sinábi -naŋ bulàg na hindí <a id="a22.37" name= -"a22.37"></a>sya makaáakyàt, sapagkàt hindí -nya màkìkíta kuŋ alìn aŋ -pìpitasín, <a id="a22.38" name= -"a22.38"></a>yámaŋ máy-roo ŋ maŋa -múra ŋ búŋa. Aŋ kúbaʾ ay hindi -rìn <a id="a22.39" name="a22.39"></a>íbig umakyàt, -dahilàn sa kanyà ŋ kahináan. Dátapuwat -malakì <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb24" href="#pb24" name= -"pb24">24</a>]</span><a id="a24.1" name="a24.1"></a>aŋ -pagkágusto nyà na kumáin naŋ nyòg. -Kanyàʾ, sa katapusàn ay sinábi nya na -siyà aŋ áakyàt.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Once they came upon a cocoanut-tree. They wanted to pick -some of the fruits, but they did not know which of the two of them -should be the one to climb the tree. The blindman said that he should -not be able to climb, because he should not be able to see which fruits -to pick, since there were many unripe fruits. The hunchback also did -not want to climb, on account of his weakness. However, he was very -eager to <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb25" href="#pb25" name= -"pb25">25</a>]</span>eat of the cocoanuts, so, finally, he said to the -blindman that he would do the climbing.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.3" name="a24.3"></a>“Úpaŋ -huwag kà ŋ mànakáwan naŋ maŋa -ilálaglag kò ŋ <a id="a24.4" name= -"a24.4"></a>búŋa, ay bìbiláŋin mo -naŋ malakàs aŋ kalabùg sa lúpa naŋ -maŋa <a id="a24.5" name="a24.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>búŋa na ilálaglag kò, -úpaŋ áki ŋ matandaàn aŋ -bílaŋ.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“To prevent your being robbed of the fruits which -I shall throw down, do you count out loud the thud on the ground of the -fruits as I drop them, so that I may keep track of the -number.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.6" name="a24.6"></a>Aŋ kúba ay -nagumpisà naŋ pagakyàt, dátapwat -paŋaŋalahátì <a id="a24.7" name="a24.7"></a>nya -ay nahúlug syà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The hunchback began to climb, but when he was half-way -up, he fell down.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.8" name="a24.8"></a>“Isà!” -aŋ sábi naŋ bulàg.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“One!” said the blindman.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.9" name="a24.9"></a>Sinábi sa -kanyà naŋ kúbàʾ na siyà aŋ -kumalabòg at hindí aŋ <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>búŋa naŋ nyòg.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The hunchback told him that it was he who had made the -thud and not a cocoanut.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.11" name="a24.11"></a>Umakyàt sya -ulèʾ. Pagkaraàn naŋ ila ŋ -sandalìʾ ay nahúlog ulí sya.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He climbed again. After a few moments he took another -fall.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.13" name= -"a24.13"></a>“Dalawà!” isinigàw naŋ -bulàg.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Two!” shouted the blindman.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.14" name="a24.14"></a>Aŋ kúba ay -nagálit, at sinábi nya sa bulàg na syà ay -maúlit.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The hunchback got angry and told the blindman that he -was stubborn.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.15" name="a24.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Winíkà nya: “Iyo ŋ -úna ŋ kumalabòg ay akò, aŋ -ikalawà <a id="a24.16" name="a24.16"></a>ay ako rìn. -Kanyàʾ, wala pà ŋ niyòg akò -ŋ nàpìpitàs.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He said: “That first thing that made a thud was I, -and the second one was I again; I haven’t yet picked any -cocoanuts.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.17" name="a24.17"></a>Dátapuwat -aŋ bulàg ay nagakála ŋ gawì ŋ -katatawanàn aŋ <a id="a24.18" name= -"a24.18"></a>pagkahúlog naŋ kúbaʾ. Kanyá -binálak nya na, kuŋ makárinig <a id="a24.19" name= -"a24.19"></a>syà ulè naŋ kalabòg, ay -sísigaw syà naŋ “Tatlò!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">But the blindman planned to make fun of the -hunchback’s falls. So he decided that, when he again heard a -thud, he would cry “Three!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>Aŋ kúba ay -umakyàt na mulìʾ, dátapwat nahúlog -dìn syà. <a id="a24.21" name="a24.21"></a>Aŋ -bulàg ay sumigàw naŋ “Tatlò!” at -tumáwa sya. Aŋ kúba <a id="a24.22" name= -"a24.22"></a>ay nagínit naŋ gálit. Nilapítan -nya aŋ bulàg at kanyà ŋ sinampàl <a id= -"a24.23" name="a24.23"></a>sa mukhàʾ. Aŋ sampàl -ay tumáma sa maŋa matà naŋ bulàg, at -<a id="a24.24" name="a24.24"></a>dáhil díto ay -nadílat aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa matà.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.25" name="a24.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Úpaŋ maŋhigantì sya ay -sinípà nya aŋ kúbaʾ. Tinamaan nyà -<a id="a24.26" name="a24.26"></a>itò sa likòd at -dáhil díto ay nàúnat aŋ kanya ŋ -kúbaʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The hunchback climbed again, but again fell. The -blindman cried “Three!” and laughed.</p> -<p class="par">The hunchback grew hot with anger. He went up to the -blindman and slapped him in the face. The slap hit the blindman’s -eyes, and through it his eyes came open. To take revenge he kicked the -hunchback. He struck him on the back, and through this his hump was -straightened out.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.27" name="a24.27"></a>Silà ŋ -dalawà ay natwá sa naŋyári at lálo -ŋ tumíbay aŋ <a id="a24.28" name="a24.28"></a>kanila -ŋ pagkakaybígan sa lugàr naŋ magkasirá -silà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">They both rejoiced at what had happened, and their -friendship grew all the closer, instead of their becoming enemies.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s5" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a24.29" name="a24.29"></a><span class= -"divNum">5.</span> Aŋ hári ŋ may súŋay at -si Hwàn.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">5.</span> The king who had horns -and Juan.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a24.30" name="a24.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Sa isà ŋ kapuluwàn -naghàhári aŋ isa ŋ táwu ŋ may -dalawà <a id="a24.31" name="a24.31"></a>ŋ maiiklì -<span class="corr" id="xd21e1734" title="Source: n">ŋ</span> -súŋay na nàtàtágù sa -malagú nya ŋ buhòk. Hindí <span class="corr" -id="xd21e1737" title="Source: ito">itò</span> <a id="a24.32" -name="a24.32"></a>nàlàláman naŋ kanya ŋ -maŋa pinaghàharían. Dátapwat aŋ -líhim <a id="a24.33" name="a24.33"></a>na ytò y -nagumpisà ŋ nàibadyà sa madlàʾ sa -pamamagítan naŋ <a id="a24.34" name="a24.34"></a>maŋa -maŋgugúpit na nakàpútul naŋ kanyà -ŋ buhòk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">On a group of islands there ruled a man who had -two short horns hidden in his thick hair. This was not known to his -subjects, but the secret began to spread among the people by way of the -barbers who had cut his hair.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a24.35" name="a24.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>Kanyá sya y nagkaroòn naŋ malaki -ŋ gálit sa maŋa barbéro, <a id="a24.36" name= -"a24.36"></a>at inakálà nya ŋ lipúlin aŋ -maŋa barbéro sa kanya ŋ kaharyàn. <a id= -"a24.37" name="a24.37"></a>Iniyútus nya ŋ humúkay -naŋ ápat na malálim na balòn sa -harapàn <a id="a24.38" name="a24.38"></a>naŋ kanya ŋ -tìráhan, at sa gitná naŋ ápat na -húkay na yitò ay <a id="a24.39" name= -"a24.39"></a>nagpalagày sya naŋ isa ŋ -ùpúan. Isa ŋ áraw naupó sya sa -taburéte <a id="a24.40" name="a24.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>sa gitná naŋ ápat na -húkay, at báwat táo ŋ nagdaàn ay -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb26" href="#pb26" name= -"pb26">26</a>]</span><a id="a26.1" name="a26.1"></a>tinanùŋ -nya kuŋ marúnuŋ maŋgupìt. Aŋ -báwat sumagòt naŋ <a id="a26.2" name= -"a26.2"></a>“Óo” ay pinahintú nya -úpaŋ bigyàn nya naŋ guntìŋ at -syà y <a id="a26.3" name="a26.3"></a>gupitàn. -Pagkaraàn naŋ ilà ŋ sandalìʾ ay -itinanùŋ nya sa báwat <a id="a26.4" name= -"a26.4"></a>maŋgugúpit kuŋ anò aŋ -nàkìkíta nya sa úlo naŋ -háreʾ. Aŋ maŋa <a id="a26.5" name= -"a26.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>maŋgugúpit ay -nagsipagsábi naŋ katotohánan at báwat -isà sa kanilà ay sumagòt naŋ -súŋay aŋ kanila ŋ nàkìkíta. -Aŋ báwat <a id="a26.7" name="a26.7"></a>sumagòt -naŋ ganitò ay ibinulìd naŋ háreʾ sa -isà sa maŋa húkay <a id="a26.8" name="a26.8"></a>sa -palígid niyà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">On account of this he conceived a great anger against -barbers and planned to exterminate the barbers in his kingdom. He -ordered four deep wells dug in front of his residence, and in the -center between the four pits he had a seat placed. One day he sat down -on the chair between the four pits, and asked everyone who passed -whether he knew how to cut hair. Whenever anyone said -“Yes,” he stopped him, gave him a pair of shears, and had -him cut his hair. After a little while he <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb27" href="#pb27" name="pb27">27</a>]</span>asked each hair-cutter -what he saw on his, the king’s, head. The hair-cutters all told -the truth, and each one of them answered that he saw horns. Every one -who answered thus was pushed by the king into one of the pits that were -round him.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.9" name="a26.9"></a>Nakaraàn aŋ -ila ŋ áraw at aŋ dalawà ŋ húkay ay -napunú <a id="a26.10" name="a26.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>nà naŋ maŋa barbéro at -pinatabúnan na nyà. Dumálaŋ aŋ maŋa -<a id="a26.11" name="a26.11"></a>tao ŋ nagdádaàn na -marúnuŋ maŋgupìt, at aŋ háre ay -nagakála <a id="a26.12" name="a26.12"></a>ŋ nápatay -nà niya ŋ lahàt aŋ maŋa barbéro sa -kanyà ŋ kaharyàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">A few days passed and two of the pits were already -filled with barbers and were ordered by the king to be filled up with -earth. The passers-by who knew how to cut hair grew scarce, and the -king thought he had already killed all the barbers in his kingdom.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.13" name="a26.13"></a>Isa ŋ áraw -ay naghintày sya sa kanya ŋ ùpúan -haŋgàŋ <a id="a26.14" name= -"a26.14"></a>kataŋhalían bágo nagdaàn aŋ -isa ŋ táo na nagsábi ŋ sya y -marúnuŋ <a id="a26.15" name="a26.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>gumupìt naŋ buhòk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One day he waited on his seat until mid-day, before a -man came by who said he knew how to cut hair.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.16" name="a26.16"></a>Itinanùŋ sa -kanyà naŋ háreʾ: “Anò aŋ -paŋálan mo?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The king asked him: “What is your name?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Isinagòt naŋ táo: “Aŋ -paŋálan ko pòʾ ay Hwàn.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The man answered: “My name, sir, is -Juan.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.18" name="a26.18"></a>“Gupitàn -mo akò, Hwàn,” iniyútus naŋ -háreʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Cut my hair, Juan,” commanded the king.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.19" name="a26.19"></a>Lumápit si -Hwàn sa háreʾ at inumpisahan nyà aŋ -paŋgugupìt. <span class="lineNum">20</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan approached the king and began to cut his hair.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.21" name="a26.21"></a>Makaraàn aŋ -ila ŋ sandalìʾ ay itinanùŋ naŋ -háreʾ: “Anò aŋ -nàkìkíta mo sa úlo ko, -Hwàn?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After a short time the king asked: “What do you -see on my head, Juan?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.23" name="a26.23"></a>Aŋ kanya ŋ -sagòt ay ganitò: “Aŋ iyo pò ŋ -Kamàhálan, <a id="a26.24" name= -"a26.24"></a>nàkìkíta ko sa úlo -ninyò aŋ koróna.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">His reply was thus: “Your Majesty, I see on your -head the crown.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.25" name="a26.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Itò ay ikinatuwá naŋ -háreʾ. Kanyá nagtindig syà sa -ùpúan <a id="a26.26" name="a26.26"></a>at inákay -nya si Hwàn sa kanya ŋ palásiyo at ginawá nya -si Hwàn <a id="a26.27" name="a26.27"></a>na barbéro -naŋ háreʾ. Malakì aŋ suwèldu na -ibinigày nya kay <a id="a26.28" name="a26.28"></a>Hwàn, -at pinatabúnan nya aŋ maŋa -nàtìtirà ŋ húkay.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">This made the king glad. Therefore he got up from his -seat and led Juan into his palace and made Juan barber royal. He gave -Juan large wages and had the remaining pits filled up.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s6" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a26.29" name="a26.29"></a><span class= -"divNum">6.</span> Tatlò ŋ estudyànte.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">6.</span> Three students.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a26.30" name="a26.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Si Hwàn, si Pédro, at si Andrès -ay tatlò ŋ magkakayibíga ŋ <a id="a26.31" name= -"a26.31"></a>estudyànte ŋ magkababáyan. Naŋ -dumatìŋ aŋ pagbubukàs naŋ <a id="a26.32" -name="a26.32"></a>maŋa pàaralàn ay -nàláman nilà na silà ay -magkàkahiwá-hiwalày. <a id="a26.33" name= -"a26.33"></a>Iba t ibà ŋ báyan aŋ -kapàpatuŋúhan naŋ báwat isà sa -<a id="a26.34" name="a26.34"></a>kanilà. Bágo silà -naghiwá-hiwalày ay nagtìpánan silà -naŋ pagtàtagpuàn <a id="a26.35" name= -"a26.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>nila ŋ lugàr -paguumpisà naŋ bakasyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Juan, Pedro, and Andrés were three students -from the same town who were friends. When the opening of the schools -came, they knew that they would part: each one of them was to go to a -different town. Before they parted, they appointed a place where they -would meet at the beginning of the vacation.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a26.36" name="a26.36"></a>Nakaraàn aŋ -isa ŋ taòn at dumatìŋ aŋ pagsasarà -naŋ kláse <a id="a26.37" name="a26.37"></a>at aŋ -maŋa estudyànte ay naguwían sa -kaní-kanilà ŋ báyan, at aŋ tatlò -ŋ magkakaybíga ŋ si Pédro, si Hwàn, at -si Andrès ay <a id="a26.39" name="a26.39"></a>nagtatagpò -sa báya ŋ tinubúan ni Pédro, úpaŋ -doòn sila magpalípas <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>naŋ bakasyòn. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb28" href="#pb28" name="pb28">28</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">A year passed, the closing of the schools arrived, the -students returned to their home towns, and the three friends, Pedro, -Juan, and Andrés met in the town where Pedro had been brought -up, to spend the vacation there.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a28.1" name="a28.1"></a>Naŋ silà y -magkikíta, pagkaraàn naŋ iba t ibà ŋ -bágay na <a id="a28.2" name="a28.2"></a>kanilà ŋ -pinagusápan, ay nagsiyásat silà kuŋ -ganò aŋ nàtutúhan <a id="a28.3" name= -"a28.3"></a>naŋ báwat isà sa kanila ŋ -pagaáral naŋ wíka ŋ Kastílaʾ. -Sinábi ni Pédro na syà ay marámi ŋ -nàlàláma ŋ salità ŋ -Kastílaʾ, dátapuwat <a id="a28.5" name= -"a28.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>aŋ maígi nya -ŋ natàtandaàn ay aŋ salità ŋ -“Bámos.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When they came together, after discussing various -matters, they inquired how much each of them had learned in his study -of the Spanish <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb29" href="#pb29" name= -"pb29">29</a>]</span>language. Pedro said that he knew a great many -Spanish words, but that which he remembered best was the word -“Vamos.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Sumagòt namàn si Hwàn: “Ako -màn ay marámi rì ŋ -nàlàláman, <a id="a28.7" name= -"a28.7"></a>dátapuwat sa ŋayòn aŋ -nààalaála ko ay aŋ salità ŋ -‘Matàr.’”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan in turn answered: “I too know a great deal, -but what I recall just now is the word ‘Matar.’”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Si Andrès namàn ay nagwíka ŋ -walá sya ŋ nàtutúhan kuŋ <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>hindí aŋ salità ŋ -“Sì.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Andrés said that he had learned nothing except -the word “Si.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a28.11" name="a28.11"></a>Makaraàn aŋ -kanila ŋ pagsasàlitáan ay nagyayá si -Pédro na <a id="a28.12" name="a28.12"></a>sila ay -mamaŋká sa ílog at magsipalígo tulòy. -Naŋ sila y namámaŋká <a id="a28.13" name= -"a28.13"></a>na sa ílog, sa paŋpàŋ ay -nakátanaw silà naŋ isà ŋ -Kastílàʾ <a id="a28.14" name="a28.14"></a>na -íbig malígoʾ. Sinábi ni Pédro na -mabúti ay makipagúsap silà <a id="a28.15" name= -"a28.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>sa Kastílaʾ, -úpaŋ sa gayù y màipakíta nilà -aŋ kaní-kanilà ŋ dúnoŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After their conversation Pedro suggested that they go -boating on the river and take a bath.</p> -<p class="par">When they were boating on the river, they saw on the -bank a Spaniard who wanted to bathe. Pedro said it would be a good idea -to speak to the Spaniard, so that each one of them might show his -knowledge.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Nagumpisà si Pédro at sinábi nya -ŋ “Bámos!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Pedro began and said “Vamos!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Si Hwàn namàn ay sumagòt: -“Matàr!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan answered “Matar!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a28.18" name="a28.18"></a>At sa hulè ay si -Andrès aŋ kanya ŋ “Sì!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">And last came Andrés with his -“Si!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a28.19" name="a28.19"></a>Naŋ márinig -itò naŋ Kastílaʾ, ay siniglàn sya -naŋ tákot, <a id="a28.20" name="a28.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>sapagkàt inakálà nya na -pàpataìn sya naŋ tatlò ŋ -namámaŋkàʾ. <a id="a28.21" name= -"a28.21"></a>Kanyá, káhit na hindí sya -marúnuŋ lumaŋòy, ay nagtalòn sya sa -<a id="a28.22" name="a28.22"></a>ílog at sya y -nalúnod.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the Spaniard heard this, he was filled with terror, -for he thought that the three canoers were going to kill him. -Therefore, even though he did not know how to swim, he jumped into the -river and was drowned.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s7" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a28.23" name="a28.23"></a><span class= -"divNum">7.</span> Isa ŋ sundálu ŋ marúnuŋ -naŋ Latìn.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">7.</span> A soldier who knew -Latin.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a28.24" name="a28.24"></a>Tatlò -ŋ magkakayibígan, isa ŋ párèʾ, isa -ŋ maŋgagámut, at <a id="a28.25" name= -"a28.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>isa ŋ sundálu, -ay magkakasáma ŋ nagsipamarìl naŋ -maiílap na <a id="a28.26" name="a28.26"></a>háyup sa -isà ŋ maláwak na gúbat. Aŋ gúbat -ay maláyù sa báyan. <a id="a28.27" name= -"a28.27"></a>Kanyàʾ silà ay nagdalà naŋ -marámi ŋ báon, úpaŋ hwag silà -ŋ <a id="a28.28" name="a28.28"></a>gutúmin.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a28.29" name="a28.29"></a>Nakaraàn aŋ -ila ŋ áraw, dátapuwat walá pa sila ŋ -nàhùhúli <a id="a28.30" name= -"a28.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>káhit anò. -Aŋ kanila ŋ báon ay umuntí naŋ -umuntìʾ haŋgàŋ sa <a id="a28.31" name= -"a28.31"></a>walà ŋ nátira kuŋ hindí isa -ŋ hilàw na itlòg. Dumatìŋ sa -kanilà <a id="a28.32" name="a28.32"></a>aŋ áraw -naŋ malaki ŋ gútom, dátapuwat sila ŋ -tatlò ay walà ŋ <a id="a28.33" name= -"a28.33"></a>pagkáin kuŋ hindí aŋ itlòg -lámaŋ na nàtìtirà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Three friends, a priest, a physician, and a -soldier, went together to shoot wild game in a deep jungle. As the -jungle was far from the town, they carried plenty of provisions, so as -not to be in want of food. A few days passed without their bagging -anything. Their provisions grew less and less, until there was nothing -left except one raw egg. There came to them the day of great hunger, -but the three had no food except the egg that was left.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a28.34" name="a28.34"></a>Sinábi naŋ -páreʾ na, kuŋ paghatían nilà aŋ isa -ŋ itlòg, ay <a id="a28.35" name="a28.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>hindí makabùbúti sa -kanilà, sapagkàt hindí -makapàpáwiʾ naŋ <a id="a28.36" name= -"a28.36"></a>kaní-kanila ŋ gútom. -Kaniyàʾ ipináyu naŋ párìʾ na -isà lámaŋ sa kanilà ŋ tatlò -aŋ kumáin naŋ itlòg na -nàtìtirà,—at sa kanya ŋ <a id="a28.38" -name="a28.38"></a>kasakimàn ay ipináyu nya na kuŋ -sínu sa kanilà aŋ pinakamahúsay <a id= -"a28.39" name="a28.39"></a>na magsalitá naŋ Latìn ay -sya lámaŋ kàkáin naŋ itlòg. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb30" href="#pb30" name= -"pb30">30</a>]</span>Inakálà nya na aŋ -sundálu ay hindí marúnuŋ naŋ -Latìn at aŋ <a id="a30.2" name="a30.2"></a>médiko -lámaŋ aŋ sya nyà ŋ -màkàkatálo, at aŋ dúnoŋ -nitò y kanya <a id="a30.3" name="a30.3"></a>ŋ -minámatà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The priest said that, if they divided the one egg, it -would do them no good, for it would not slacken their hunger. Therefore -the priest suggested that only one of them should eat the remaining -egg, and in his selfishness he suggested that whichever of them was -best at speaking Latin should eat the egg all by himself. He thought -that the soldier did not know Latin, and the doctor alone would be his -opponent, and his knowledge he held in contempt.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a30.4" name="a30.4"></a>Aŋ médiko y -umáyun sa hátul naŋ párìʾ, -dátapuwat aŋ <a id="a30.5" name="a30.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>sundálu ay áyaw pumáyag, -sapagkàt hindí sya nagáral na gáya <a id= -"a30.6" name="a30.6"></a>naŋ páriʾ at naŋ -médiko; ŋúnit walá sya ŋ -magawàʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The doctor agreed to the advice of the priest, but the -soldier did not want to consent, for he had not studied like the priest -and the doctor, but there was nothing for him to do. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb31" href="#pb31" name="pb31">31</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a30.7" name="a30.7"></a>Kinúha naŋ -párìʾ aŋ itlùg at itinuktòk nya -sa isa ŋ batò. <a id="a30.8" name="a30.8"></a>Naŋ -mabásag aŋ itlòg ay sinábi nyà: -“Koronátum est,” at tiniŋnàn nyà -aŋ dalawà nya ŋ kasáma.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The priest took the egg and tapped it against a stone. -When the egg was broken, he said: “<span lang="la">Coronatum -est</span>,” and looked at his two companions.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a30.10" name="a30.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Inabùt naŋ médiko aŋ -basàg na itlòg, inalis nyà aŋ balàt na -<a id="a30.11" name="a30.11"></a>basàg at nilagyan nyà -naŋ asìn at kanya ŋ sinábi: -“Sàltum est.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The doctor took the broken egg, removed the broken part -of the shell, put on some salt, and said: “<span lang="la">Saltum -est</span>.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a30.13" name="a30.13"></a>Iniyabùt -naŋ maŋgagámot sa sundálu aŋ itlùg, -at aŋ páre at <a id="a30.14" name="a30.14"></a>siyà -ay naghintày naŋ sàsabíhin naŋ -sundálo. Itò y walà ŋ màláma -<a id="a30.15" name="a30.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>ŋ -sabíhin, sapagkàt katunáya ŋ walá sya -ŋ nàlàláman káhit isa ŋ <a id= -"a30.16" name="a30.16"></a>hóta tuŋkùl sa -Latìn. Sa kanya ŋ pagiisìp ay nàalaála -nya na, <a id="a30.17" name="a30.17"></a>mínsan pumásuk -sya sa simbáhan úpaŋ makinìg naŋ -Syéti-Palábras, <a id="a30.18" name="a30.18"></a>ay -nárinig nyà sa párìʾ na aŋ -kahulugàn naŋ salità ŋ “Konsumátum -<a id="a30.19" name="a30.19"></a>est” ay “Tapus nà -aŋ lahàt.”</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a30.20" name="a30.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Kanyà ibinúhos nya sa kanyà -ŋ bibìg aŋ itlòg, at pagkalaguk nyà ay -kanya ŋ sinábi: “Konsumátum est.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The physician handed the egg to the soldier, and the -priest and he waited for what the soldier would say.</p> -<p class="par">The latter did not know what to say, for he really did -not know a single iota of Latin. In his cogitation he remembered that -once, when he went to church to hear the Good Friday Mass, he heard -from the priest that the meaning of the words “<span lang= -"la">Consummatum est</span>” was “It is all over -now.” So he poured the egg into his mouth and, when he had -swallowed it, he said: “<span lang="la">Consummatum -est</span>.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a30.22" name="a30.22"></a>Aŋ dalawà -nya ŋ kasáma ay nàpagúlat naŋ -malakì sa hindí <a id="a30.23" name="a30.23"></a>nila -hininála ŋ dúnuŋ naŋ sundálo.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">His two companions were greatly astonished at the -learning of the soldier, which they had by no means suspected.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s8" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a30.24" name="a30.24"></a><span class= -"divNum">8.</span> Aŋ pitù ŋ dwènde.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">8.</span> The seven dwarves.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a30.25" name="a30.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Isà ŋ magasáwa ay máy-roo -ŋ pitù ŋ anàk na dwènde. Aŋ <a id= -"a30.26" name="a30.26"></a>amà ay walà ŋ -trabáho at hindí rìn siya makàkíta -naŋ trabáho. <a id="a30.27" name="a30.27"></a>Aŋ -inà namàn ay hindí kumìkíta naŋ -salapìʾ, sapagkàt mahínaʾ <a id="a30.28" -name="a30.28"></a>aŋ kanyà ŋ katawàn at -paráti sa sakìt.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">A certain married couple had seven children who -were dwarves. The father was out of work and could not find any. The -mother also was not earning any money, for her body was weak and often -sick.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a30.29" name="a30.29"></a>Isa ŋ -taŋháliʾ sila y nàùupú sa isa -ŋ baŋkòʾ at pinagùusápan <a id= -"a30.30" name="a30.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>nilà -aŋ kanila ŋ pamumúhay na pinagdàdaanàn. -Itinanùŋ naŋ <a id="a30.31" name= -"a30.31"></a>laláke kuŋ anò aŋ mabúte -nila ŋ gawìn sa kanila ŋ maràmi ŋ -anàk. <a id="a30.32" name="a30.32"></a>Ipináyu naŋ -babáye na kanilà ŋ ihánap naŋ -trabáho aŋ maŋa <a id="a30.33" name= -"a30.33"></a>bátaʾ, úpaŋ kumíta -silà naŋ kwaltà. Dátapuwat isinagòt -naŋ laláki na sa akálà nya ay hindí -sila makàkìkíta naŋ trabáho, -sapagkàt <span class="lineNum">35</span>siya rìn ay wala -ŋ màkíta. Kanyàʾ ipináyu -nyà na aŋ <a id="a30.36" name="a30.36"></a>mabúti ay -itápun nilà aŋ maŋa bátaʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One noon they were sitting on a bench and discussing the -life they were leading. The man asked what they had better do with -their many children. The woman suggested that they should look for work -for their children, so that they might earn money. But the man answered -that, in his opinion, they would not be able to find any work, since he -himself had not been able to find any. Therefore he suggested that they -had better abandon their children.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a30.37" name="a30.37"></a>Itò y -ikinaluŋkòt at ikináiyàk naŋ -babáye. Áyaw sya ŋ <a id="a30.38" name= -"a30.38"></a>pumáyag na itápon aŋ maŋa -bátaʾ. Dátapuwat ipinakíta sa <a id="a30.39" -name="a30.39"></a>kanyà naŋ kanyà ŋ -asáwa na, kuŋ hindí nila gawìn iyòn, -sila ŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb32" href="#pb32" name= -"pb32">32</a>]</span><a id="a32.1" name="a32.1"></a>lahàt ay -<span class="corr" id="xd21e2101" title= -"Source: namámatay">mamámatay</span> naŋ -gútom. Sa kalaúnan ay pumáyag aŋ <a id= -"a32.2" name="a32.2"></a>babáe at pinagkàsunduàn -nila na dalhìn nila ŋ magpasyàl aŋ <a id= -"a32.3" name="a32.3"></a>maŋa bátaʾ at kanila ŋ -íwan sa daàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">This made the woman grieve and weep. She would not -consent to abandon the children. But her husband made it clear to her -that, if they did not do this, they would all die of hunger. Finally -the woman consented and they agreed that they would take their children -for a walk and leave them on the way.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a32.4" name="a32.4"></a>Hábaŋ -pinagùusápan nilà itò, aŋ -ikapitù ŋ bátà ay nása isà -<a id="a32.5" name="a32.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>ŋ -bitàk naŋ baŋkò na kanila ŋ -inùupàn at nárinig nya ŋ lahàt <a id= -"a32.6" name="a32.6"></a>aŋ gàgawin sa kanilà -naŋ kanila ŋ magúlaŋ. Pagkaraàn naŋ -<a id="a32.7" name="a32.7"></a>kanilà ŋ -sàlitáan ay hinánap pagdáka naŋ -báta aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa <a id="a32.8" name= -"a32.8"></a>kapatìd at ibinalítà nya aŋ kanya -ŋ nárinìg. Silà ay nagìyákan, -<a id="a32.9" name="a32.9"></a>sapagkàt hindí -ipinaálam sa kanilà naŋ kanila ŋ -magúlaŋ na silà <a id="a32.10" name= -"a32.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>ay nakabíbigat sa -kanila ŋ pamumúhay. Inakálà nila na, kuŋ -<a id="a32.11" name="a32.11"></a>itò y nàláman -nilà, káhit na papáno tùtúloŋ -sila ŋ maghánap <a id="a32.12" name="a32.12"></a>naŋ -kabuháyan. Dátapuwat pinagkàsunduwan nilà -na silà y <a id="a32.13" name="a32.13"></a>sumáma pag -niyáyà sila ŋ magsipagpasyàl at -paligàw silà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">While they were discussing this, the seventh child was -in a crack <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb33" href="#pb33" name= -"pb33">33</a>]</span>of the bench on which they were sitting and heard -what their parents were going to do to them. After they had finished -talking, the child at once looked for his brothers and sisters and told -them what he had heard. They all wept, because their parents had not -told them that they were a burden to their life. They thought that, if -they had known this, they would have done anything whatever to help -them gain a living. However, they agreed that they would go along, if -they were asked to go walking, and would allow themselves to be led -astray.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a32.14" name= -"a32.14"></a>Kinàbukásan hinánap silà -naŋ kanilà ŋ amà, pinapagbíhis <a id= -"a32.15" name="a32.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>sila, -binigyàn sila naŋ maŋa púto, at sinábi -ŋ sila y magsísipagpasyàl. <a id="a32.16" name= -"a32.16"></a>Naŋ silà y magumpisà aŋ -ikapitò ŋ báta ay hindí kináin <a id= -"a32.17" name="a32.17"></a>aŋ kanya ŋ tinápay, -dátapuwat magmulá sa kanila ŋ -tàraŋkáhan <a id="a32.18" name="a32.18"></a>ay -dinúrog nya aŋ tinápay at ibinudbòd nya sa -daà ŋ kanila ŋ <a id="a32.19" name= -"a32.19"></a>nilakáran. Naŋ sila y málayú -nà ay naubúsan sya naŋ tinápay, <a id= -"a32.20" name="a32.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>kanyá -naŋhiŋí sya sa kanya ŋ maŋa kapatìd. -Dátapwat hindí nila syà binigyàn. -Itò namàn ay hindí sinábi sa kanilà -kuŋ bákit <a id="a32.22" name="a32.22"></a>sya -naubúsan agàd naŋ tinápay. Naŋ -hindí sya makáhiŋì naŋ <a id="a32.23" -name="a32.23"></a>tinápay ay namúlot sya naŋ -maŋa batò, at itò y sya nyà ŋ -isa-isà <a id="a32.24" name="a32.24"></a>ŋ inilaglàg -sa kanila ŋ pinagdaánan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">On the next day their father came to them, told them to -get dressed, gave them some cakes, and told them that they should all -go for a walk. When they started out, the seventh child did not eat his -bread, but, starting at their gate, he crumbled it and scattered it -along the road which they were walking. When they had gone some -distance, he ran out of bread and asked his brothers and sisters for -some. But they did not give him any. He did not tell them why he had -run out of bread so soon. When he could get no bread, he picked up -stones and these he dropped one by one on their path.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a32.25" name="a32.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Naŋ dumatìŋ sila sa isa ŋ -gúbat ay iníwan silà naŋ kanilà <a id= -"a32.26" name="a32.26"></a>ŋ magúlaŋ at -pinagsabíhan silà na hantayìn sila doòn, at -silà y <a id="a32.27" name="a32.27"></a>bábalik -agàd. Silà y naíwan, dátapwat -nàlàláman nilà na hindí <a id= -"a32.28" name="a32.28"></a>sila pagbàbalikàn naŋ -kanila ŋ magúlaŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When they came to a jungle, their parents left them, -telling them to wait for them there and that they would soon come back. -Their parents left them, but they knew that their parents would not -come back to them.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Naŋ makaraàn aŋ ila ŋ -sandalìʾ, ay nakárinig silà naŋ isa -ŋ <a id="a32.30" name="a32.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>íŋay. Pinuntahàn nilà -aŋ lugàr na pinaŋgàgalíŋan naŋ -íŋay. <a id="a32.31" name="a32.31"></a>Doòn ay -nàkíta nilà aŋ isa ŋ malakì -ŋ higànte na nalìlígo sa tabi naŋ isa -ŋ balòn. Tiniŋnàn nila aŋ -palígid-lígid naŋ lugàr, at sa <a id="a32.33" -name="a32.33"></a>tabì naŋ isa ŋ káhuy ay -nàkíta nilà aŋ pananamìt naŋ -higànte. <a id="a32.34" name="a32.34"></a>Aŋ ikapitù -ŋ bàta ay pinaalìs aŋ kanya ŋ maŋa -kapatìd at sinábi <a id="a32.35" name= -"a32.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>nya na magtágo -silà at kanyà ŋ nànakáwin aŋ -sapátos naŋ higànte. <a id="a32.36" name= -"a32.36"></a>Itò ay kanila ŋ ginawàʾ, at -ninákaw naŋ báta aŋ sapátos.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When a short time had passed, they heard a noise. They -went toward the place from which the noise came. There they saw a great -giant bathing by the side of a well. They looked round about the place, -and by the side of a tree they saw the clothes of the giant. The -seventh child sent his brothers and sisters away and told them to hide, -and he would steal the giant’s shoes. They did this and the child -stole the shoes.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a32.37" name="a32.37"></a>Naŋ -makapalígoʾ aŋ higànte at siyà y -nagbìbíhis ay hindí nya <a id="a32.38" name= -"a32.38"></a>màkíta aŋ kanya ŋ maŋa -sapátos. Sya y nagálit at nagmurà. <a id="a32.39" -name="a32.39"></a>Tumáwag sya naŋ túloŋ. -Naŋ itò y márinìg naŋ numákaw -naŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb34" href="#pb34" name= -"pb34">34</a>]</span><a id="a34.1" name="a34.1"></a>sapátos ay -dali-dáli sya ŋ dumalò. Naŋ -màkíta sya naŋ higànte <a id="a34.2" name= -"a34.2"></a>ay hindí sya pinagbintaŋàn, -sapagkàt dahilàn sa kanya ŋ kaliitàn <a id= -"a34.3" name="a34.3"></a>ay inakálà naŋ -higànte ŋ hindí nya madádala aŋ -sapátos.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the giant had finished bathing and was getting -dressed, he could not find his shoes. He got angry and cursed. He -called for help. When the one who had stolen the shoes heard this, he -quickly approached. When the giant saw him, he did not suspect him, -for, on account of his smallness, the giant thought that he would not -be able to carry the shoes.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a34.4" name="a34.4"></a>Kanyàʾ -itò y nagwíka sa kanyà: “Kuŋ iyo ŋ -dàdalhìn ito <a id="a34.5" name="a34.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>ŋ súpot ko naŋ kwaltà sa -áki ŋ asáwa at pabilhìn mo syà -naŋ <a id="a34.6" name="a34.6"></a>sapátos at ihatìd -nya sa ákin, ay ùupáhan kità naŋ -marámi ŋ kwàlta.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Therefore the giant said to him: “If you will -carry this bag of money of mine to my wife and tell her to buy some -shoes and to bring them to me, I shall pay you much money.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a34.8" name="a34.8"></a>Sinábi -tulòy nya na sya y hindí nakalàlákad -naŋ wala ŋ <a id="a34.9" name="a34.9"></a>sapátos, -kanyá sya y magmadalìʾ. Naŋ -màkúha nya aŋ súpot naŋ <a id="a34.10" -name="a34.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>kwaltà ay -ipinaŋákù nya ŋ bábalik syà -agàd. Dátapwat, naŋ <a id="a34.11" name= -"a34.11"></a>málayo sya, ay tináwag nya aŋ maŋa -nàtàtágù nya ŋ kapatìd, at -<a id="a34.12" name="a34.12"></a>naŋ sila y maípon ay -nagyayá sya ŋ umuwèʾ. Dátapwat -isinagòt naŋ kanya ŋ maŋa kapatìd na -hindí nila nàlàláman aŋ daà -ŋ <a id="a34.14" name="a34.14"></a>pauwèʾ. -Ŋúnit kanyà ŋ isinagòt na -tùtuntunìn nilà aŋ kanya ŋ <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>inilaglàg na batò at tinápay sa -daàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He said further that he could not walk without shoes, -and therefore he should hurry. Taking the bag of money, the child -promised to return at once. However, when he had gone some distance, he -called his hidden brothers and sisters, and when they were assembled, -he suggested that they go home. But his brothers and sisters answered -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb35" href="#pb35" name= -"pb35">35</a>]</span>that they did not know the way home. He however -answered that they should follow the stones and bread he had dropped on -the way.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Sinábi naŋ isà nyà ŋ -kapatìd na, kuŋ nàláman nya kuŋ -anò <a id="a34.17" name="a34.17"></a>aŋ kanya ŋ -ginawàʾ sa tinápay, ay binigyàn sána -nya syà naŋ <a id="a34.18" name="a34.18"></a>syà y -maŋhiŋìʾ. Kanilà ŋ -ikinaluŋkòt aŋ ipinakíta nila ŋ -karamútan sa kanila ŋ kapatìd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One of his brothers said that, if he had known what he -had done with the bread, he would have given him some when he asked for -it. They were sorry for the stinginess they had shown toward their -brother.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a34.20" name="a34.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Hindí naláon at nàtagpuan -nilà aŋ hiléra naŋ maŋa batò sa -<a id="a34.21" name="a34.21"></a>daàn. Itò y -tinuntòn nila at nakaratìŋ sila sa kanila ŋ -báhay, <a id="a34.22" name="a34.22"></a>dalà nilà -aŋ súpot naŋ kwaltà na kanila ŋ -ibinigày pagdáka sa <a id="a34.23" name= -"a34.23"></a>kanila ŋ magúlaŋ. Silà y -naŋatwá at naŋaluŋkòt dahilàn sa -kanilà <a id="a34.24" name="a34.24"></a>ŋ malì -ŋ inásal sa maŋa anàk,—sila y -natwá sapagkàt máy-roon <a id="a34.25" name= -"a34.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>sila ŋ -ikabùbúhay sa maláo ŋ panahòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">It was not long before they came upon the trail of -stones along their way. This they followed and arrived at their house, -bringing with them the bag of money, which they at once gave to their -parents. The latter rejoiced and were sorry for their bad conduct -toward their children,—they rejoiced because they had now the -means of living for a long time to come.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s9" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a34.26" name="a34.26"></a><span class= -"divNum">9.</span> Isà ŋ pulìs na -nagaswàŋ-aswáŋan.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">9.</span> A policeman who played -vampire.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a34.27" name="a34.27"></a>Noò ŋ -tagáraw naŋ taò ŋ -míle-nobisyèntos-dòs, hábaŋ aŋ -<a id="a34.28" name="a34.28"></a>maŋa hinòg na -búŋa naŋ káhoy ay naŋakabiyábit sa -maŋa saŋà, <a id="a34.29" name= -"a34.29"></a>lumagánap aŋ balíta sa boo ŋ -báyan naŋ San-Antónyo na máy-roo <a id= -"a34.30" name="a34.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>ŋ -aswàŋ na naglílibot sa báyan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">In the summer of the year 1902, when the ripe -fruits of the fruit-trees were hanging from the branches, there -circulated all through the town of San Antonio the rumor that a vampire -was going about the town.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a34.31" name="a34.31"></a>Aŋ maŋa -táo-ŋ-San-Antónyo sa maŋa taò ŋ -iyòn ay may <a id="a34.32" name= -"a34.32"></a>paniniwálaʾ sa maŋa núnoʾ, -aswàŋ, dwènde, at iba pà ŋ -katatakutàn. <a id="a34.33" name="a34.33"></a>Karamíhan -sa kanilà y hindí nagkapálad na -makapagáral, <a id="a34.34" name="a34.34"></a>dátapwat, -káhit na ganitò aŋ kalàgáyan nila, -sila y maŋa táwo <a id="a34.35" name= -"a34.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>ŋ mababaìt, -matahímik, at masisípag.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The people of San Antonio in those years believed in -ghosts, vampires, dwarves, and other objects of terror. Most of them -had not been fortunate enough to get an education, but, in spite of -this, they were kindly, quiet, and industrious people.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a34.36" name="a34.36"></a>Aŋ maŋa -báhay sa báya ŋ itò ay maliliìt at -nayàyárì naŋ <a id="a34.37" name= -"a34.37"></a>páwid at kawáyan. Máy-roon dì -ŋ ila ŋ báhay na tablà. Karamíhan <a id= -"a34.38" name="a34.38"></a>ay nàtàtayò sa -malalakì ŋ bakúran, at aŋ dulúhan -naŋ <a id="a34.39" name="a34.39"></a>bakúran ay -nàtàtamnàn naŋ maŋa -púno-ŋ-káhoy na masasaràp aŋ <a id= -"a34.40" name="a34.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>búŋa, gáya naŋ tsíko, -súhaʾ, santòl, mabúlo, maŋgà, at -iba pà. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb36" href="#pb36" name= -"pb36">36</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The houses in this town were built of nipa-fibre and -bamboo. There were also some frame houses. Most of them stood in large -enclosures, and the rear part of these yards was planted with trees -that have tasty fruits, such as the custard-apple, grape-fruit, santol, -mabolo, mango, and the like.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a36.1" name="a36.1"></a>Kasalukúya ŋ -nagkàkahinòg aŋ maŋa -búŋa-ŋ-káhuy na ytò <a id="a36.2" name= -"a36.2"></a>naŋ lumagánap aŋ balíta na -may-roòn nà ŋ ila ŋ gabì na -nàmatáan <a id="a36.3" name="a36.3"></a>naŋ ila -ŋ babáe aŋ aswàŋ sa ibà t iba -ŋ dulúhan. Aŋ maŋa <a id="a36.4" name= -"a36.4"></a>báta at maŋa babáe ay siniglàn -naŋ malakì ŋ tákot, kanyá -pagkagàt <a id="a36.5" name="a36.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>naŋ dilìm ay agad-agàd silà -ŋ nagsipanahímik sa loòb naŋ <a id="a36.6" -name="a36.6"></a>báhay. Karamíhan naŋ maŋa -laláki ay naŋatákot dìn, dátapwat -<a id="a36.7" name="a36.7"></a>máy-roo ŋ ila ŋ -nagsipagsábi na sila y hindí natàtákot, -sapagkàt <a id="a36.8" name="a36.8"></a>hindí pa sila -nakátagpo naŋ aswàŋ, at sa ganitò y -hindí nila nàlàláman <a id="a36.9" name= -"a36.9"></a>kuŋ dápat katakútan aŋ -aswàŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">These fruits were just getting ripe, when the rumor -spread that, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb37" href="#pb37" name= -"pb37">37</a>]</span>for several nights back, some women had caught -sight of the vampire in various back yards. The women and children were -filled with great terror; accordingly, as soon as darkness came down, -they staid still in their houses. Most of the men also were afraid, but -there were some who said that they were not afraid, because they had -not yet come across a vampire and therefore did not know whether it was -really to be feared.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a36.10" name="a36.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Aŋ aswàŋ ay isa ŋ táo -ŋ malakì aŋ kapaŋyaríhan. -Nakapagìiba-t-ibà <a id="a36.11" name="a36.11"></a>sya -naŋ paŋaŋatawàn. Kuŋ mínsan ay may -katawàn <a id="a36.12" name="a36.12"></a>siya ŋ pára -ŋ táo, dátapwat maitèm, kuŋ -mínsan siya y isa ŋ <a id="a36.13" name= -"a36.13"></a>malakì ŋ áso o báboy. Sya y -naŋàŋáin naŋ táo, -lálù nà naŋ <a id="a36.14" name= -"a36.14"></a>maŋa bátaʾ. Dátapuwat aŋ -lálo ŋ mahalagà nya ŋ pagkáin at <a id= -"a36.15" name="a36.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>sya -rìn namàn nyà ŋ karanyúa ŋ -kinàkáin ay aŋ báta ŋ hindí pa -<a id="a36.16" name="a36.16"></a>naipaŋáŋanàk -at násàsa tiyàn pa lámaŋ naŋ -kanya ŋ inà. Kanyá <a id="a36.17" name= -"a36.17"></a>aŋ maŋa buntìs na babáye sa -báya ŋ yaòn ay lálo ŋ malakì -aŋ <a id="a36.18" name="a36.18"></a>tákot. Hindí -nila pinatúlog aŋ kanila ŋ asáwa sa -pagbabantày sa <a id="a36.19" name="a36.19"></a>kanila ŋ -tabì. Aŋ aswàŋ ay mahírap mápatay -naŋ patalìm o <a id="a36.20" name="a36.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>barìl, sapagkàt máy-roon sya -ŋ íisa lámaŋ na lugàr na dápat -<a id="a36.21" name="a36.21"></a>màtamaàn o -masugátan úpaŋ sya y mápatày, at -aŋ lugàr na ytò <a id="a36.22" name="a36.22"></a>ay -lihìm. Aŋ bágay lámaŋ na kanya ŋ -inìilágan ay aŋ báwaŋ. <a id="a36.23" -name="a36.23"></a>Kanyá itò y malakì ŋ -kagamitàn sa pagpapaláyas naŋ aswàŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">A vampire is a being of great power. It changes its body -into various forms. At some times it has a body like a human being, but -black, at others it is a large dog or pig. It eats people, especially -children. But its favorite food, by far, and that which it most -commonly eats, is the child yet unborn and still in its mother’s -womb. Therefore the pregnant women in the town had great fear. They did -not allow their husbands to sleep, for watching at their side. A -vampire is hard to kill with knife or gun, because it has but one place -which one must hit or wound in order to kill it, and this place is -secret. The only thing it flees from is garlic, which therefore is much -used in driving off vampires.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a36.24" name="a36.24"></a>Dátapwat -isà ŋ bágay na nakapagtátakà sa -aswàŋ na iyòn ay <a id="a36.25" name= -"a36.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>aŋ kanyà ŋ -inugáli ŋ pagtitirà sa maŋa dulúhan -naŋ bakúran. <a id="a36.26" name= -"a36.26"></a>Katakà-takà rìn aŋ bágay -na maŋa dalága aŋ karamíhan naŋ <a id= -"a36.27" name="a36.27"></a>nagsipagsábi ŋ -nàmatáan nilà sa dulúhan sa itaàs -naŋ súhaʾ o iba <a id="a36.28" name= -"a36.28"></a>pà ŋ púno-ŋ-káhoy aŋ -aswàŋ na iyòn. Ila ŋ táo ŋ -matalíno ay <a id="a36.29" name="a36.29"></a>nagsábi -ŋ aŋ bintàŋ nilà y isa ŋ -magnanákaw at hindí aswàŋ aŋ <a id= -"a36.30" name="a36.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>pinagkàkatakutà ŋ -iyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">A surprising thing, however, about this vampire was its -habit of keeping itself in back yards. Strange was also the fact that -it was mostly young girls who said that they had caught sight of this -vampire in back yards, up in grape-fruit trees and other trees. A few -bold men said that they suspected that this spook was a thief and no -vampire.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a36.31" name="a36.31"></a>Isa ŋ polìs -na may hindí karanyúa ŋ tápaŋ ay siya -ŋ tumiktìk <a id="a36.32" name="a36.32"></a>sa -aswàŋ na itò sa dulúha ŋ bágo -ŋ kinakitáan sa kanyà. Pagdilìm <a id= -"a36.33" name="a36.33"></a>ay nároon na syà sa kanya -ŋ kublíhan. Hindí nalaúnan at <a id="a36.34" -name="a36.34"></a>dumatìŋ aŋ aswàŋ, -umakyàt sa isa púno-ŋ-súhaʾ, at -nárinig niya <a id="a36.35" name="a36.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>ŋ pumitàs naŋ marámi ŋ -búŋa. Itò y bumábaʾ at umalìs, -dátapwat <a id="a36.36" name="a36.36"></a>sya y sinundàn -naŋ pulìs haŋgàŋ sa báhay na kanya -ŋ pinasúkan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">It was a certain policeman of more than usual courage -who spied upon this vampire in a back yard in which it had recently -been seen. When darkness came, he went to his hiding-place. It was not -long before the vampire came and climbed on a grape-fruit tree, and he -heard it picking many fruits. It came down and went away, but was -followed by the policeman to a house which it entered.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a36.38" name="a36.38"></a>Malakì aŋ -nagìŋ pagkàgúlat naŋ polìs, -naŋ díto nàmálas nya <a id="a36.39" name= -"a36.39"></a>ŋ aŋ kápwa nya polìs -nabàbálot naŋ maitìm na kúmot, at -aŋ <a id="a36.40" name="a36.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>súpot na itìm na punò naŋ -súhaʾ ay kasalukúyan pa lámaŋ niya -<a id="a36.41" name="a36.41"></a>ŋ inilálapàg.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Great was the surprise of the policeman, when he saw -here his fellow policeman wrapped up in a black sheet and just putting -down on the floor a black bag full of grape-fruit.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a36.42" name="a36.42"></a>Niyáyà -nya sa munisípyo aŋ kápwa nya polìs, at -doòn kinàbukásan <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb38" href="#pb38" name="pb38">38</a>]</span><a id="a38.1" name= -"a38.1"></a>ipinagsumbòŋ nyà sa presidènte. -Aŋ polìs na nagaswaŋ-aswáŋan <a id="a38.2" -name="a38.2"></a>ay nábilaŋgò dahilàn sa -sála ŋ pagnanákaw.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He summoned his fellow policeman to the town hall and -there on the next day accused him before the judge. The policeman who -had played vampire was put in jail for the crime of theft. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb39" href="#pb39" name="pb39">39</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s10" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a38.3" name="a38.3"></a><span class= -"divNum">10.</span> Isà ŋ aswàŋ na -nápatày.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">10.</span> A vampire that got -killed.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a38.4" name="a38.4"></a>Isà ŋ -gabì sa isà ŋ báhay na -pàŋaserahàn naŋ ilà ŋ maŋa -<a id="a38.5" name="a38.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>nagsìsipagáral sa -báya-ŋ-Malólos ay nárinig ko ŋ -isinalaysày naŋ <a id="a38.6" name="a38.6"></a>isà -ŋ matandàʾ na may gúlaŋ na siyàm na -pù ŋ taòn sa isà ŋ <a id="a38.7" name= -"a38.7"></a>umpúkan aŋ sumúsunòd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">One evening in a students’ boarding-house in -the town of Malolos I heard an old man, ninety years of age, tell a -company the following story:</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a38.8" name="a38.8"></a>Noò ŋ sya y -bágo ŋ táwu pa lámaŋ ay sa búkid -sya nagtítirà. <a id="a38.9" name= -"a38.9"></a>Íilan lámaŋ silà ŋ -magkakápit-báhay. Isa ŋ áraw ay -namatayàn <a id="a38.10" name="a38.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>aŋ isa nyà ŋ -kápit-báhay. Sa pagsunòd sa isa ŋ -matandà ŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e2460" title= -"Source: kaugalían">kaugaliàn</span> <a id="a38.11" name= -"a38.11"></a>ay dumalo syà sa kápit-báhay na may -hápis.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When he was still a young unmarried man, he lived in the -country. There were only a very few neighbors. One day there was a -death in the house of a neighbor. Following an ancient custom, he went -to the house of mourning.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a38.12" name="a38.12"></a>Naŋ -dumatìŋ sya doòn ay hindí nalaúnan at -nàbalitáan nyà <a id="a38.13" name="a38.13"></a>na -may aswàŋ sa kanila ŋ lugàr. Syà ay may -malakì at katutúbo <a id="a38.14" name= -"a38.14"></a>ŋ gálit sa maŋa aswàŋ, -kaniyá inakálà nya ŋ magbantày -naŋ gabì <span class="lineNum">15</span>ŋ -iyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When he arrived there it was not long before he was told -that there was a vampire in the place. He had a great and inherited -hatred of vampires and therefore decided to watch that night.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a38.16" name="a38.16"></a>Naŋ malálim -nà aŋ gabì ay nanáog sya sa báhay at -sa isa ŋ <a id="a38.17" name="a38.17"></a>karitò ŋ -dí maláyo sa báhay, doòn sya -nahigàʾ. Kabilúgan naŋ <a id="a38.18" name= -"a38.18"></a>bwàn naŋ gabi ŋ iyòn, kanyà -malínaw aŋ pagkàkíta nya sa maŋa <a id= -"a38.19" name="a38.19"></a>bágay sa palìgid-lígid. -Walá sya ŋ nàmálas na -màpaghìhinaláa <a id="a38.20" name= -"a38.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>ŋ isa ŋ -aswàŋ, kanyá sya y natúlog.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Late in the evening he left the house and in a wagon not -far from the house, there he lay down. There was a full moon that -night, so that he had a clear view of things round about. As he saw -nothing that could be suspected of being a vampire, he went to -sleep.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a38.21" name= -"a38.21"></a>Kinàháti-ŋ-gabihàn ay -nágisiŋ syà at aŋ úna ŋ -tinamaàn naŋ <a id="a38.22" name="a38.22"></a>kanyà -ŋ maŋa matà ay isà ŋ bágay na -maitìm sa bubuŋàn naŋ <a id="a38.23" name= -"a38.23"></a>báhay naŋ kinamatayàn. Aŋ -maitìm na iyòn ay walá roon bágo <a id= -"a38.24" name="a38.24"></a>sya natúlog, kaniyá -nagbintaŋ syà na iyòn ay aŋ aswàŋ -na nàbalitáan <a id="a38.25" name= -"a38.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>nyà. Aŋ -aswàŋ ay naŋàŋáin naŋ -patày na táo, kanyà sinapantáhà -<a id="a38.26" name="a38.26"></a>nya na aŋ patày aŋ -sadyá doòn naŋ aswàŋ na iyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">At midnight he woke up, and the first thing that struck -his eyes was a black object on the roof of the house where there had -been a death. This black thing had not been there before he went to -sleep, so he suspected that this was the vampire he had been told -about. Vampires eat dead people, so he concluded that the dead person -was the thing for which the vampire had come there.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a38.27" name="a38.27"></a>Pumanhìk sya sa -báhay at dalà nyà aŋ isa ŋ gúlok. -Aŋ maŋa <a id="a38.28" name="a38.28"></a>táo y -natùtúlog. Sa itaàs ay may-roon syà ŋ -nàkíta ŋ isa ŋ <a id="a38.29" name= -"a38.29"></a>bágay na nakalawìt mulá sa -bubuŋàn naŋ báhay. Itò y gáya -naŋ <a id="a38.30" name="a38.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>bitúka naŋ manòk. -Humábà naŋ humábaʾ, -haŋgàŋ sa aŋ dúlo y <a id="a38.31" name= -"a38.31"></a>pumások sa bibìg naŋ patày. -Aŋ patày ay nagtindìg sa kanyà ŋ <a id= -"a38.32" name="a38.32"></a>kinàlàlagyàn -pagkapások sa kanya ŋ bibìg naŋ bágay na -iyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Carrying a bolo-knife, he went up to the house. The -people were asleep. Up above he saw something hanging down from the -roof of the house. It was like the intestine of a chicken. It got -longer and longer, until the end of it went into the mouth of the dead -person. The corpse stood up from the place where it lay, when this -thing went into its mouth.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a38.33" name="a38.33"></a>Aŋ ginawá -naŋ bágo ŋ táo ay lumápit siya sa -nakatindìg na <a id="a38.34" name="a38.34"></a>patày at -sa pamamagítan naŋ dala nyà ŋ gúlok ay -pinútol niya <a id="a38.35" name="a38.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>aŋ bágay na iyòn na pára -ŋ bitúka naŋ manòk. Naŋ itò y -mapútol ay may kumalabòg sa tabì naŋ -báhay. Nanáog siya at doòn ay nàkíta -nya aŋ patày na aswàŋ. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb40" href="#pb40" name="pb40">40</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">What the young man did was to walk up to the upright -corpse and, with the bolo he was carrying, cut the thing that was like -the intestine of a chicken. When he had cut this, something came down -with a thud at the side of the house. He went down, and there he saw -the dead vampire. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb41" href="#pb41" -name="pb41">41</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s11" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a40.1" name="a40.1"></a><span class= -"divNum">11.</span> Aŋ maŋkukúlam.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">11.</span> Sorcerers.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a40.2" name="a40.2"></a>Sa ilà -ŋ poòk sa Filipínas ay may lubòs na -paniniwálà sa maŋkukúlam <a id="a40.3" name= -"a40.3"></a>aŋ maŋa táo. Áyon sa kanila ŋ -paniwálaʾ aŋ maŋkukúlam <a id="a40.4" -name="a40.4"></a>ay isa ŋ táo ŋ may malakì -ŋ kapaŋyaríhan at aŋ kapaŋyaríha -ŋ <a id="a40.5" name="a40.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>itò y gáliŋ sa dimóniyo o -kayà y mána sa magúlaŋ. Bágo -màkamtàn <a id="a40.6" name="a40.6"></a>aŋ -kapaŋyaríha ŋ iyòn aŋ isà ay -dápat múna ŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e2557" -title="Source: makipagkaybígan">makipagkayibígan</span> -<a id="a40.7" name="a40.7"></a>at magsilbè sa dimóniyo. -Dátapwat may ilan dì ŋ nanìniwála -<a id="a40.8" name="a40.8"></a>ŋ nàpùpúlot o -naàágaw aŋ kapaŋyaríha ŋ -iyòn sa gúbat o <a id="a40.9" name= -"a40.9"></a>ilàŋ na lugàr na mahírap -puntahàn at karanyúwa y pinagkàkatakutàn. -<span class="lineNum">10</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">In some places in the Philippines the people have -a firm belief in sorcerers. According to their belief a sorcerer is a -person of great power, and this power comes from a demon or else is -inherited from one’s parents. Before one may gain this power one -must first become friends with a demon and serve it. However, there are -some also who believe that one may find or snatch up this power in a -jungle or some uncanny place that is hard to reach and usually full of -terror.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a40.11" name="a40.11"></a>Aŋ kúlam ay -siyà ŋ naàágaw, -nàmàmána, o ibiníbigay naŋ -dimóniyo, at iyò y sya ŋ -pinaŋgàgalíŋan naŋ -kapaŋyaríhan naŋ <a id="a40.13" name= -"a40.13"></a>nagmème-áreʾ. Aŋ hitsúra -naŋ kúlam ay hindí parè-parého. -Kuŋ <a id="a40.14" name="a40.14"></a>mìnsan ay isa ŋ -batò o isa ŋ maníka ŋ maliìt at -masamàʾ aŋ <a id="a40.15" name= -"a40.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>hitsúra. Kuŋ -madilìm aŋ kúlam na itò y -nagníniŋnìŋ na pára ŋ -alitaptàp, <a id="a40.16" name="a40.16"></a>dátapwat -aŋ niŋnìŋ na itò y nawáwalà -namàn pag inìbig naŋ <a id="a40.17" name= -"a40.17"></a>kúlam. Aŋ kúlam at aŋ táo, -káhit laláki o babáe, na nagàári sa -kanyà <a id="a40.18" name="a40.18"></a>ay hindí -naghíhiwalày káhit isà ŋ -sandalèʾ at káhit na sa pagpalígoʾ -<a id="a40.19" name="a40.19"></a>ay dinádala naŋ -maŋkukúlam aŋ kanya ŋ kúlam. Dáhil -díto aŋ <a id="a40.20" name="a40.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>maŋa táo ŋ mapagsyásat, pag -íbig nilà ŋ màpagkilála kuŋ -maŋkukúlam <a id="a40.21" name= -"a40.21"></a>ŋàʾ o hindìʾ aŋ isa -ŋ táo ŋ kanila ŋ pinaghìhinaláan, -ay <a id="a40.22" name="a40.22"></a>sinùsubúkan nila -itò sa kanyà ŋ pagpalígoʾ. Kuŋ -hindí maíŋat <a id="a40.23" name="a40.23"></a>at -walà ŋ hinálà aŋ maŋkukúlam -na syà y sinùsubúkan, kuŋ <a id="a40.24" -name="a40.24"></a>mínsan ay nagkàkapálad aŋ -nanùnúbok na màkíta nya aŋ -kúlam.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The <i>kulam</i> is that seized, inherited, or given by -the demon, and it is the source of the possessor’s power. The -appearance of the <i>kulam</i> is not always the same. Sometimes it is -a stone or a small doll of ugly appearance. In the dark this -<i>kulam</i> glows like a firefly, but this glow disappears when the -<i>kulam</i> desires it. The <i>kulam</i> and the person, man or woman, -who possesses it, do not separate even for a moment, and even when -bathing the sorcerer carries his <i>kulam</i>. Therefore, curious -people, when they wish to find out whether a person whom they suspect -is really a sorcerer or not, watch him at his bath. If the sorcerer is -not careful and has no suspicion that he is being watched, the watcher -sometimes succeeds in seeing the <i>kulam</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a40.25" name="a40.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Aŋ maŋkukúlam ay may -kapaŋyaríhan dì ŋ itágoʾ sa -loòb <a id="a40.26" name="a40.26"></a>naŋ kanyà -ŋ katawàn aŋ kúlam, at hindi -bihíraʾ aŋ maŋa táo ŋ <a id="a40.27" -name="a40.27"></a>nakàkíta naŋ -maŋkukúlam sa kanya ŋ pagkamatày. Sa -kàhulì-hulíha <a id="a40.28" name= -"a40.28"></a>ŋ sandalìʾ, bágo malagòt -aŋ hiniŋà, inilúluwa nilà aŋ -kúlam.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The sorcerer has also the power of concealing the -<i>kulam</i> inside his body, and the people are not rare who have seen -a sorcerer at his death. At the last moment, before breathing ceases, -he spits out the <i>kulam</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a40.30" name="a40.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Itò y naŋyàyári -lámaŋ kuŋ áyaw ipamána naŋ -maŋkukúlam <a id="a40.31" name="a40.31"></a>aŋ -kanyà ŋ kúlam. Kuŋ ipinamàmána -namàn itò, malwat pà <a id="a40.32" name= -"a40.32"></a>bágo mamatày aŋ maŋkukúlam -ay tinàtáwag na nyà aŋ kanyà ŋ -<a id="a40.33" name="a40.33"></a>íbig pamanáhan, at -díto y líhim na líhim nya ŋ ibiníbigay -aŋ kúlam.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">This happens only when the sorcerer does not wish to -bequeath his <i>kulam</i>. If, however, he wishes to bequeath it, then, -long before the sorcerer dies, he calls the person to whom he wishes to -bequeath it and in all secrecy gives him the <i>kulam</i>.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a40.35" name="a40.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>Aŋ malakì ŋ -kapaŋyaríhan naŋ maŋkukúlam ay -ginàgámit <a id="a40.36" name="a40.36"></a>nya -lában sa kanya ŋ maŋa kaáway, sa maŋa -táo ŋ kanyà ŋ kinagàgalítan, o -kayà y sa maŋa háyop nilà, kuŋ siya -nyà ŋ íbig <a id="a40.38" name= -"a40.38"></a>paŋhigantihàn. Gayon dìn -ginàgámit nya aŋ kanya ŋ -kapaŋyaríhan <a id="a40.39" name="a40.39"></a>sa -<span class="corr" id="xd21e2645" title= -"Source: pagbibíroʾ">paŋbibíroʾ</span> sa -isa ŋ táo o háyop na kanya ŋ -màkatwaàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The great power of the sorcerer is used by him against -his enemies, against people who have incurred his anger; or against -their live stock, in case he wishes to make this latter the object of -his vengeance. He also uses his power in playing jokes on a person or -animal that has gained his liking.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a40.40" name="a40.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Aŋ kanyà ŋ -pinasàsakítan kadalasà y nagáanyo ŋ -pára ŋ ulòl. <a id="a40.41" name= -"a40.41"></a>Kuŋ mínsan aŋ kanya ŋ -kinùkúlam ay dumádaiŋ na masakìt -aŋ <a id="a40.42" name="a40.42"></a>kanya ŋ buò ŋ -katawàn, nagsísisigàw, at hindí -màtahímik káhit <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb42" href="#pb42" name="pb42">42</a>]</span><a id="a42.1" name= -"a42.1"></a>isà ŋ sandalèʾ. Sa háyop -namàn karanyúwa y aŋ bábuy na -pinakamahalagà <a id="a42.2" name="a42.2"></a>sa may -áriʾ, aŋ kanya ŋ ibiníbigay na -parúsa ay gáya <a id="a42.3" name="a42.3"></a>naŋ -sakìt na kólera, dátapuwat lálu ŋ -mabagsìk káy sa ríto. Aŋ <a id="a42.4" name= -"a42.4"></a>pagdumì naŋ háyop ay wala ŋ -patìd, at pagkaraàn naŋ ilà ŋ -óras, <a id="a42.5" name="a42.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>káhit na gáno katabàʾ -aŋ háyop, ay nagígiŋ butò t -balàt. Aŋ táo <a id="a42.6" name="a42.6"></a>ŋ -nàkùkúlam nya ay malakàs kumáin, -<span class="corr" id="xd21e2673" title= -"Source: katimbàʾ">katimbàŋ</span> naŋ -dalawà katáo, <a id="a42.7" name="a42.7"></a>at -mapaŋhilìŋ naŋ masasaràp na -pagkáin. Dáhil díto aŋ paniwála <a id= -"a42.8" name="a42.8"></a>naŋ maŋa táo y kasálo -ŋ kumàkáin naŋ máy sakit aŋ -maŋkukúlam <a id="a42.9" name="a42.9"></a>na -nagpàparúsa sa kanyà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">His victim usually acts like crazy. Sometimes the person -he has bewitched complains that his whole body is sore, keeps shouting, -and cannot keep quiet even for a moment. In the case of -animals,—usually the pig most valued by the owner,—the -punishment he gives is like the disease of cholera, but more severe -than this. The bowel-movement of the animal does not stop, and after a -few hours, no matter how fat the animal, it becomes skin and bone. The -bewitched person eats mightily, like two men, and keeps asking for -tasty food. Therefore people believe that the sorcerer who is punishing -him shares in the eating of the sick person. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb43" href="#pb43" name="pb43">43</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a42.10" name="a42.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Aŋ maŋkukúlam ay may -kapaŋyaríha ŋ pumaloòb sa katawàn -naŋ kanyà ŋ kinùkúlam. Itò y sya -ŋ paniwálaʾ, dátapuwat kuŋ <a id="a42.12" -name="a42.12"></a>papáno aŋ paraàn naŋ -pagpások naŋ maŋkukúlam at kuŋ saàn -<a id="a42.13" name="a42.13"></a>sya pumàpások sa -katawàn naŋ kanya ŋ kinùkúlam ay -walà ŋ <a id="a42.14" name= -"a42.14"></a>nakààalàm. Ŋúnit aŋ -kanya ŋ nilàlabasàn ay aŋ -hintutúroʾ. Aŋ <a id="a42.15" name= -"a42.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>bágay na itò -ay malakì ŋ kabuluhàn úkol sa paggamòt -sa nàkùkúlam <a id="a42.16" name="a42.16"></a>at -gayon dìn sa pagpaparúsa sa maŋkukúlam.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The sorcerer has the power of entering the body of the -person bewitched. This is the belief, but in what way the sorcerer -effects his entrance or at what point he enters the body of the person -he is bewitching, there is no one who knows. However the place where he -comes out is the forefinger. This fact is of great importance for the -cure of people who have been bewitched and also for the punishment of -sorcerers.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Káhit na malakì aŋ -kapaŋyaríhan naŋ maŋkukúlam ay mayroon -<a id="a42.18" name="a42.18"></a>dìn sya ŋ -kinatàtakútan, karanyúwa y aŋ maŋa -táo ŋ malalakàs, <a id="a42.19" name= -"a42.19"></a>matápaŋ, at wala ŋ paniwálà -sa kapaŋyaríhan naŋ maŋkukúlam -<span class="lineNum">20</span>at iba pà ŋ -pinagkàkatakutàn naŋ maŋa iba ŋ -táo. Dáhil <a id="a42.21" name="a42.21"></a>díto y -hindí bihíraʾ na aŋ isà ŋ -táo y pamagatà ŋ -“médiko-ŋ-maŋkukúlam” <a id= -"a42.22" name="a42.22"></a>pagkaraàn naŋ úna o -ikalawà nya ŋ pagpapagalìŋ naŋ táo -sa sakìt na itò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Although the power of the sorcerer is great, yet there -are some things which he fears, usually strong people who are bold and -have no faith in the powers of sorcerers and other things that terrify -other people. Therefore it is not rare that, after the first or second -time he cures a person of this disease, some man receives the title of -“witch-doctor.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a42.24" name="a42.24"></a>Mínsan ay -nárinig ko ŋ magbalítaʾ aŋ isa ŋ -táo ŋ nakàkíta <a id="a42.25" name= -"a42.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ -paŋgagamòt naŋ táo ŋ -nàkùkúlam. Aŋ táo ŋ itò y -may isa ŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e2730" title= -"Source: kápit—báhay">kápit-báhay</span> -na may anàk na dalága. Sa dalága ŋ itò -y marámi <a id="a42.27" name="a42.27"></a>ŋ -maŋlilígaw, at aŋ isà sa kanilà y -pinaghìhinaláa ŋ maŋkukúlam. <a id= -"a42.28" name="a42.28"></a>Sa kasamaà-ŋ-pálad -nitò ay nagìŋ isa syà sa maŋa -hindí nátaŋgàp. <a id="a42.29" name= -"a42.29"></a>Sa malakì nya ŋ gálit ay -magkasunòd nya ŋ kinúlam aŋ babáye -<a id="a42.30" name="a42.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>at -laláki ŋ magkaìbígan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">I once heard someone who had seen the cure of a -bewitched person tell the story. The narrator had a neighbor who had a -young daughter. This young lady had many suitors, and one of them was -suspected of being a sorcerer. He had the bad fortune to be one of -those who were not accepted. In his great anger he bewitched, one after -the other, the betrothed man and woman.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a42.31" name="a42.31"></a>Inúna nya -aŋ babáye at ito namà y agàd na -itináwag naŋ médiko-ŋ-maŋkukúlam -naŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa magúlaŋ. Naŋ -dumatìŋ aŋ médiko at nàkíta nya -aŋ máy sakìt, ay sinábi nya ŋ -nàkùkúlam ŋàʾ aŋ -babáye.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He began with the woman, and her parents at once called -in a witch-doctor for her. When the doctor arrived and saw the patient, -he said that the woman was really bewitched.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a42.35" name="a42.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>Sinábi nya sa maŋa táo -doòn na hwàg paàaláman sa -nàkùkúlam <a id="a42.36" name="a42.36"></a>na -syà y nàròroòn sa báhay. Pag -itò y nàláman naŋ máy <a id="a42.37" -name="a42.37"></a>sakìt, ay màlàláman -dìn naŋ maŋkukúlam na nása loòb -naŋ kanya <a id="a42.38" name="a42.38"></a>ŋ katawàn, -at makaáalis agàd aŋ maŋkukúlam. Aŋ -médiko y <a id="a42.39" name="a42.39"></a>lumápit na -hindí nàmaláyan naŋ babáye, at -pagdáka y <span class="corr" id="xd21e2768" title= -"Source: tiniŋnan">tinaŋnan</span> <a id="a42.40" name= -"a42.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>nyà naŋ -mahigpìt aŋ dalawà ŋ hintutúroʾ -naŋ babáye. Itò y <a id="a42.41" name= -"a42.41"></a>lálo ŋ inilakàs aŋ -pagsigàw, at kuminìg na pára ŋ isa ŋ -natàtákot.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He told the people who were there not to let the -bewitched person know that he was in the house. If the patient knew -this, the sorcerer who was inside her body would have a chance to go -away at once. The doctor went up to the woman without her being aware -of it and suddenly seized her two forefingers in a tight grip. She -shouted all the louder and trembled like one in terror.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ maŋkukúlam, áyon sa -paniwálà naŋ maŋa táo, ay sya ŋ -<a id="a42.43" name="a42.43"></a>nakàràramdàm -naŋ ano mà ŋ pasákit na ibigày sa -katawàn naŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb44" href= -"#pb44" name="pb44">44</a>]</span><a id="a44.1" name= -"a44.1"></a>kanyà ŋ kinùkúlam -hábaŋ sya y násàsa loòb naŋ -katawàn nitò. <a id="a44.2" name="a44.2"></a>Gayon -dìn, kuŋ kausápin aŋ máy sakìt, -ay siyà aŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e2787" title= -"Source: sumagòt">sumásagòt</span>.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The sorcerer, according to people’s belief, feels -any pain that is given to the body of the person he is bewitching while -he is within the latter’s body. Likewise, when one speaks with -the patient, it is he who answers.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Dáhil díto y itinanòŋ -pagdáka naŋ médiko: “Anò aŋ -ginágawá <a id="a44.4" name="a44.4"></a>mo ríto, -salbáhe?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Therefore the doctor suddenly asked: “What are you -doing here, you brute?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.5" name="a44.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Aŋ máy sakit ay hindí -kumibòʾ, dátapwat nagpílit na <a id="a44.6" -name="a44.6"></a>magkawalàʾ. Aŋ ipinakíta nya -ŋ lakàs ay hindí karanyúwa ŋ -lakàs naŋ babáye.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The patient did not utter a word, but tried to get free. -The strength she displayed was not the usual strength of a woman.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.8" name="a44.8"></a>Dátapuwat -hindí sya pinawalàn naŋ médiko, at itò -y tumanòŋ <a id="a44.9" name="a44.9"></a>na -mulìʾ: “Anò aŋ ginágawá mo -ríto? Bákit ka naparíto? <a id="a44.10" name= -"a44.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>Pag hindí ka -sumagòt, ay pahìhirápan kità.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">But the doctor did not let her go, and asked her again: -“What are you doing here? Why have you come here? If you do not -answer, I shall torture you.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.11" name="a44.11"></a>Aŋ babáye -ay nagmàmakaáwa ŋ sumagòt: “Walá -poʾ, hindí <a id="a44.12" name="a44.12"></a>na poʾ -úulèʾ, pawalan pòʾ ninyo akò, at -akò y nahìhirápan nà.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The woman answered in a pitiful tone: “No, sir, I -shan’t do it again; let me go, sir; you are torturing me -already.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.13" name="a44.13"></a>“Pawalàn -kità?” itinanòŋ agàd naŋ -médiko, “Maŋákù ka múna sa -ákin na hindí ka na bábalik.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Shall I let you go?” asked the doctor at -once. “Promise me first that you won’t come back.” -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb45" href="#pb45" name= -"pb45">45</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.15" name="a44.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>“Hindí na pòʾ akò -bábalik,” aŋ sagòt naŋ babáye.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“No, I shan’t come back, sir,” -answered the woman.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.16" name="a44.16"></a>“Pag -nàhúle kità ulèʾ díto, ay -pàpatayìn kità. Hwag kà ŋ <a id= -"a44.17" name="a44.17"></a>salbáhe. Tumahímik ka sa -iyò ŋ báhay.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“If I catch you here again, I shall kill you. -Don’t be troublesome. Stay still in your house.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.18" name="a44.18"></a>“Ó -poʾ, ó poʾ, hindí na pòʾ akò -bábalik. Pawalàn na pò ninyo -akò!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Yes, sir; yes, sir; I shan’t come back, -sir. Please, let me go!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.20" name="a44.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Hábaŋ aŋ sàlitáa -ŋ itò y naŋyàyári aŋ babáye -ay nagpìpílit <a id="a44.21" name="a44.21"></a>na -magkawalàʾ, íbig nya ŋ mabitíwan -naŋ médiko aŋ kanya ŋ <a id="a44.22" name= -"a44.22"></a>hintutúroʾ. Pagkapaŋáko naŋ -babáye ay binitíwan naŋ médiko <a id="a44.23" -name="a44.23"></a>aŋ dalawà nya ŋ -hintutúroʾ. Aŋ mukhá naŋ babáye na -dáti ay <a id="a44.24" name= -"a44.24"></a>nagpàpakilála naŋ malakì ŋ -paghihírap ŋayò y nàhúsay, at sya y -<a id="a44.25" name="a44.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>pára ŋ gága na -pinagsa-ulàn naŋ pagiísip. Sya ay tumahímik, -<a id="a44.26" name="a44.26"></a>pinútol aŋ -pagsisigàw, at nàkaúsap naŋ -matwìd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">While this dialogue was taking place, the woman was -struggling to get loose and trying to make the doctor let go of her -forefingers. When the woman had made her promise, the doctor let go of -her two forefingers. The face of the woman, which just before had been -expressing great suffering, now became quiet, and she was like a -madwoman who has got back her reason. She became quiet, stopped -shouting, and was able to converse intelligently.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a44.27" name="a44.27"></a>Aŋ laláki -namàn ay nàtìtirà sa isa ŋ báya -ŋ malápit. Naŋ <a id="a44.28" name="a44.28"></a>sya y -kinùkúlam nà ay itináwag sya naŋ -maŋgagámot naŋ kanya <a id="a44.29" name= -"a44.29"></a>ŋ kapatìd na laláke. Sa kalakhàn -naŋ gálit naŋ kapatìd na ytò <a id= -"a44.30" name="a44.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>ay sya -nyà ŋ tináwag aŋ maŋgagamòt na -mabagsìk at malupìt sa <a id="a44.31" name= -"a44.31"></a>pagtaráto nya sa maŋà -maŋkukúlam.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The man lived in a near-by town. When he was bewitched -his brother called a physician for him. In his extreme anger, this -brother called a physician who was fierce and cruel in his treatment of -sorcerers.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Líhim na dumatìŋ aŋ -maŋgagámot sa báhay naŋ máy -sakìt. <a id="a44.33" name="a44.33"></a>Mulá sa kanya -ŋ kublíhan ay piního múna nya kuŋ -aŋ maŋkukúlam <a id="a44.34" name="a44.34"></a>ay -násàsa katawàn ŋàʾ naŋ -máy sakìt. Itò y -nàpagkìkilála <a id="a44.35" name= -"a44.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>sa pagsisigàw, -pagkílos, at pananalità ŋ hindí -tulà-tulàʾ <a id="a44.36" name="a44.36"></a>naŋ -máy sakìt. Aŋ maŋgagamòt ay -nagpatalìm naŋ isà ŋ <a id="a44.37" name= -"a44.37"></a>gúlok at pagkatápos ay maligsì sya -ŋ tumakbò sa tabì naŋ <a id="a44.38" name= -"a44.38"></a>máy sakìt. Tinaŋnan nyà aŋ -dalawà ŋ hintutúro nitò, dinaganàn -<a id="a44.39" name="a44.39"></a>nya aŋ katawàn, at -tinagá nya ŋ makáilan aŋ mukhá naŋ -máy <a id="a44.40" name="a44.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>sakìt. Itò y <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e2896" title="Source: nagsisigáw">nagsisigàw</span> -at nagkawalàʾ, dátapwat naŋ makawalá sya -y may maŋa súgat na aŋ kanyà ŋ -mukhàʾ at aŋ dugò y <a id="a44.42" name= -"a44.42"></a>umàágos na wala ŋ patìd. -Walà ŋ kibú sya iníwan naŋ -maŋgagamòt. Hinánap nitò aŋ -kapatìd naŋ sugatàn at kanya ŋ sinábi -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb46" href="#pb46" name= -"pb46">46</a>]</span><a id="a46.1" name="a46.1"></a>na hwag -pansinìn aŋ maŋa súgat naŋ kanya ŋ -kapatìd, at kinàbukása <a id="a46.2" name= -"a46.2"></a>y mawáwalaʾ iyòn at -màlìlípat sa maŋkukúlam, -sapagkàt <a id="a46.3" name="a46.3"></a>dinatnàn nya -itò sa katawàn naŋ kanyà ŋ -kapatìd. Kinàbukásan <a id="a46.4" name= -"a46.4"></a>ay pinarunàn naŋ médiko aŋ kanya -ŋ ginamòt naŋ patalìm, at <a id="a46.5" name= -"a46.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>malakì aŋ -tuwá nya naŋ itò y màkíta nya ŋ -mahúsay at wala ŋ <a id="a46.6" name= -"a46.6"></a>bakas-súgat sa mukhàʾ. Pagkaraàn -naŋ ila ŋ áraw nàbalitáan <a id="a46.7" -name="a46.7"></a>nilà na isa ŋ maŋkukúlam sa -kápit-báyan nilà ay malubhàʾ aŋ -<a id="a46.8" name="a46.8"></a>lagày dahilàn sa -pagdudugò ŋ hindí maampàt naŋ maŋa -súgat nya sa mukhàʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The physician came secretly to the sick man’s -house. From his hiding-place he first determined at what time the -sorcerer was in the body of the sick man. This showed itself in the -shouting, movements, and senseless talking of the patient. The -physician sharpened a bolo-knife and, when he had done this, quickly -ran to the side of the patient. He then seized the latter’s two -forefingers, leaned over his body, and cut several deep gashes in his -face. The patient screamed and tried to get away, but when he did get -away there were wounds in his face and the blood was flowing in a -stream. The physician left him without a word. He sought out the -brother of the wounded man and told him not to heed his brother’s -wounds, for tomorrow they would go away and be transferred to the -sorcerer, for it was the latter whom he had reached in the body of his -brother. On the next day the doctor went to the man whom he had cured -with the knife and was much pleased when he found him well and without -the marks of wounds in his face. A few days later they heard that a -sorcerer in the neighboring town was in a serious condition, owing to -the unceasing flow of blood from some wounds in his face.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>Máy-roon -dìn namà ŋ maŋkukúlam na maligsì -at hindí na <a id="a46.11" name="a46.11"></a>paaábot sa -maŋgagamòt. Aŋ maŋgagamòt namàn ay -kinàkayiláŋa <a id="a46.12" name="a46.12"></a>ŋ -bihásaʾ at maligsì. Aŋ káhit síno -y maàári ŋ <a id="a46.13" name= -"a46.13"></a>gumamòt sa isà ŋ -nàkùkúlam, yámaŋ walá -namà ŋ ibà ŋ <a id="a46.14" name= -"a46.14"></a>paŋgamòt kuŋ hindìʾ aŋ -pagpapahìrap sa katawàn naŋ -nàkùkúlam. <a id="a46.15" name= -"a46.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>Dátapuwat -malakì aŋ paŋánib, sapagkàt, kuŋ -hindí maligsì, <a id="a46.16" name= -"a46.16"></a>dahilàn sa kawalàn naŋ sánay, -aŋ gumágamòt, maàári ŋ <a id= -"a46.17" name="a46.17"></a>makawalàʾ aŋ -maŋkukúlam. Kuŋ magkágayo y aŋ -nàkùkúlam <a id="a46.18" name= -"a46.18"></a>mìsmo aŋ maghìhírap -dahilàn sa parúsa. Mínsan ay máy -nàbalíta <a id="a46.19" name="a46.19"></a>ŋ -naŋyári na gáya nitò ŋ -sumúsunòd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">There are also, however, some sorcerers who are quick -and have not been caught by physicians. The physician, too, must be -skilful and quick. Anyone at all can cure a person who has been -bewitched, since there is no other method of cure than that of -inflicting pain on the body of the bewitched person. The danger, -however, is great, since, if the one who is attempting the cure is not -quick, owing to lack of practice, the sorcerer will be able to get -away. In this event it is the bewitched person himself who will suffer -from the punishment. It is related that there once happened something -like this which follows.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a46.20" name="a46.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Aŋ isà sa dalawà ŋ -magkapatìd na laláki ay kinúlam naŋ <a id= -"a46.21" name="a46.21"></a>kanya ŋ karibàl sa -paglígaw. Walà ŋ màtáwag na -médiko-ŋ-maŋkukúlam. <a id="a46.22" name= -"a46.22"></a>Sa malakì ŋ áwà sa kanyà -naŋ kanya ŋ kúya ay <a id="a46.23" name= -"a46.23"></a>tinalagà nitò ŋ gamutìn sya -káhit na walá sya ŋ pagkasánay. <a id= -"a46.24" name="a46.24"></a>Hindí <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e2969" title="Source: ŋà">ŋá</span> sya -sanày, dátapwat madalàs nya ŋ -nàpakiŋgàn sa <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>maŋa maŋgagamòt aŋ -paraàn naŋ paggamòt. Isa ŋ hápon, -naŋ inakálà nya ŋ nása loòb na -namàn naŋ katawàn naŋ kanyà ŋ -<a id="a46.27" name="a46.27"></a>kapatìd aŋ -maŋkukúlam, ay sinuŋgabàn nya agàd -aŋ isa ŋ gúlok <a id="a46.28" name="a46.28"></a>at -pagkálapit nyà sa kanya ŋ kapatìd ay -tinagá nya itò naŋ walà <a id="a46.29" name= -"a46.29"></a>ŋ tuòs. Kinàbukásan sa -lugàr naŋ màkíta nya ŋ -magalìŋ at wala <a id="a46.30" name= -"a46.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>ŋ súgat aŋ -kanyà ŋ kapatìd itò y baŋkày na -lámaŋ. Aŋ maŋkukúlam <a id="a46.31" name= -"a46.31"></a>ay nakawalàʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One of two brothers was bewitched by his rival in -courtship. There <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb47" href="#pb47" name= -"pb47">47</a>]</span>was no witch-doctor within call. In his great pity -for him, the older brother decided to cure him, even though he had had -no practice. He was not practised, to be sure, but he had often heard -from physicians the manner of cure. One evening, when he thought that -the sorcerer was inside his brother’s body, he quickly seized a -bolo, and, stepping up to his brother, cut him without care. On the -next day, instead of his finding his brother well and unwounded, the -latter was a corpse. The sorcerer had got away.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s12" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a46.32" name="a46.32"></a><span class= -"divNum">12.</span> Aŋ laro ŋ sípaʾ sa -Filipínas.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">12.</span> The game of football -in the Philippines.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a46.33" name="a46.33"></a>Aŋ laro -ŋ sípà sa Estádos-Unídos at sa -Filipínas ay lubhà <a id="a46.34" name= -"a46.34"></a>ŋ malakì aŋ pagkakáibà. Sa -lugàr naŋ dalawà ŋ paŋkàt na -nagtàtálo <a id="a46.35" name="a46.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>aŋ nagsìsipaglaròʾ na -gáya naŋ fùtbol, sa sípà ay isà -ŋ paŋkàt <a id="a46.36" name= -"a46.36"></a>lámaŋ aŋ naglálaròʾ. -Sa sípà aŋ haŋàd naŋ -nagsìsipaglarò ay <a id="a46.37" name= -"a46.37"></a>hindí aŋ talúnin aŋ isa ŋ -kaáway, dátapuwat aŋ huwàg bayáa -ŋ <a id="a46.38" name="a46.38"></a>lumagpàk sa -lúpà aŋ bóla o sípaʾ.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a46.39" name="a46.39"></a>Aŋ bóla -ŋ gámit ay malakì ŋ malaki rìn aŋ -kaibhàn. Itò y <a id="a46.40" name= -"a46.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>nayàyárì naŋ yantòk -na tinilàd at nilála ŋ pabilòg. Walà -ŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb48" href="#pb48" name= -"pb48">48</a>]</span><a id="a48.1" name="a48.1"></a>lamàn -aŋ loòb, at aŋ maŋa matà naŋ -sulihiyà ay malalakè. Dáhil <a id="a48.2" name= -"a48.2"></a>díto ay magaàn aŋ sípaʾ, -hindí gáya naŋ bòla ŋ gámit sa -bèsbol.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">The games of football in the United States and in -the Philippines are very different. Instead of the players belonging to -two contending sides, as in American football, in -“<i>sipa</i>” the players form but one party. In -<i>sipa</i> the aim of the players is not to defeat an opponent, but to -prevent the ball or <i>sipa</i> from falling to the ground. The ball -used is also very different. It is made of split rattan woven into the -shape of a sphere. The inside is hollow and the eyes of the weave are -large. Therefore the <i>sipa</i>, unlike the ball used in baseball, is -light. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb49" href="#pb49" name= -"pb49">49</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Mulá sa dalawà haŋgàŋ sa -dalawà ŋ pùʾ aŋ bílaŋ naŋ -nagsìsipaglaròʾ. <a id="a48.4" name= -"a48.4"></a>Kuŋ silà ay marámi aŋ áyos -ay pabilòg. Úpaŋ umpisahàn <a id="a48.5" -name="a48.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>aŋ -paglalaròʾ isà sa maŋa kasále ay -ihiníhitsà aŋ sípa na <a id="a48.6" name= -"a48.6"></a>paitaàs at patúŋo sa isà sa -maŋa nagsìsipaglaròʾ, karanyúwa y sa -<a id="a48.7" name="a48.7"></a>isà ŋ katapàt -nyà. Aŋ táo ŋ hinitsahàn naŋ -sípaʾ ay ipinabábalik <a id="a48.8" name= -"a48.8"></a>itò sa naghágis sa kanyà, hindí -naŋ kanya ŋ kamày, dátapwat naŋ kanya -ŋ paà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The number of players is from two to twenty. When they -are many, they stand in a circle. To begin the game, one of the party -throws the <i>sipa</i> ball up into the air and toward one of the -players, usually toward one opposite him. The one to whom the ball is -tossed returns it to the one who threw it to him, not with his hand, -but with his foot.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a48.10" name="a48.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Kuŋ aŋ maŋa -nagsìsipaglarò ay marurúnoŋ, -napapúpunta <a id="a48.11" name="a48.11"></a>nilà aŋ -pelóta sa káhit na síno sa maŋa -kasále, kayà t báwat isà <a id="a48.12" -name="a48.12"></a>sa kanilà ay nakaabàŋ at -naghíhintay naŋ pagdatìŋ naŋ -sípaʾ. <a id="a48.13" name="a48.13"></a>Aŋ -báwat isà ay nagìíŋat na hwàg -bayáa ŋ lumagpàk sa lúpa aŋ <a id= -"a48.14" name="a48.14"></a>pelóta. Kadalasàn aŋ -maŋa nagsísipaglarò ay nagpàpakíta -naŋ <a id="a48.15" name="a48.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>sarì-sári ŋ áyus naŋ -pagsípaʾ. Aŋ maŋa magandà ŋ -pagbabaluktòt <a id="a48.16" name="a48.16"></a>naŋ -paà sa harapàn o likuràn, aŋ maligsì -at magaà ŋ lundàg, aŋ <a id="a48.17" name= -"a48.17"></a>banáyad at magaà ŋ -pagsípà sa pelóta, at aŋ pagpapadalà -naŋ <a id="a48.18" name="a48.18"></a>sípà sa -káhit na alì ŋ bandà ay maŋa -bágay na nagpàpagandà sa <a id="a48.19" name= -"a48.19"></a>laro ŋ sípaʾ. Hindi rìn -bihíra na aŋ balíkat, aŋ síko, aŋ -túhod, o <a id="a48.20" name="a48.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>aŋ kamày ay sya ŋ -ginàgámit sa <span class="corr" id="xd21e3074" title= -"Source: pagbabalìk">pagpapabalìk</span> naŋ -pelóta.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the players are skilful, they direct the ball to -each one of the party, so that each one of them is alert and ready for -the coming of the ball. Each one is careful not to let the ball fall to -the ground. Often the players display various manners of sending the -ball. The graceful bendings of the legs forward and backward, the quick -and light leaps, the gentle and light kicking of the ball, and the -sending of the ball in every possible direction, are features which -give beauty to the game of <i>sipa</i>. Sometimes the shoulder, the -elbow, the knee, or the hand is used in returning the ball.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a48.21" name="a48.21"></a>Papáno aŋ -pagkakatalò sa larò ŋ itò? Itò y -maàári lámaŋ <a id="a48.22" name= -"a48.22"></a>sa pagpapàtagálan naŋ hindí -paglagpàk naŋ sípà sa lúpaʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">How is there any contest in this game? This can consist -only in the test of endurance in keeping the ball from falling to the -ground.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a48.23" name="a48.23"></a>Kuŋ -halimbáwa y íbig makipaglában naŋ isa ŋ -paŋkàt naŋ <a id="a48.24" name="a48.24"></a>maŋa -màninípa o sipéros sa ybà ŋ -paŋkàt, aŋ úna y maŋhàhámon -<a id="a48.25" name="a48.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>sa alin -mà ŋ paŋkàt na kanila ŋ -màpíleʾ. Kuŋ itò y taŋgapìn, -<a id="a48.26" name="a48.26"></a>aŋ áraw, óras, at -lugàr naŋ paglalarò ay agad nà ŋ -nàbàbalíta sa <a id="a48.27" name= -"a48.27"></a>maŋa pàhayagàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When, for instance, one team of football-players or -<i>siperos</i> wants to contend with another team, the former -challenges whatever team it has picked out. If the challenge is -accepted, the day, hour, and place of the game are at once announced in -the newspapers.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a48.28" name="a48.28"></a>Sa óras naŋ -paglalaròʾ ay hindí íilan lámaŋ -na líbo ŋ táo <a id="a48.29" name= -"a48.29"></a>aŋ nagsísipanoòd. Aŋ -maŋhahámun karanyúwa y umùúpa naŋ -<a id="a48.30" name="a48.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>isa -ŋ bànda-ŋ-músika at tinùtugtugàn -aŋ báwat paŋkàt sa kanilà <a id="a48.31" -name="a48.31"></a>ŋ paglalaròʾ. Karanyúwa y -dalawà ŋ bànda aŋ músika, -sapagkàt, <a id="a48.32" name="a48.32"></a>kuŋ aŋ -hinámon ay may kauntì ŋ gílas, ay íbig -dìn namàn nilà <a id="a48.33" name= -"a48.33"></a>ŋ ipakíta, at dáhil díto y -nagdádala silà naŋ saríle nilà ŋ -bànda naŋ músika.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">At the time of the game thousands of people look on. The -challenging party usually hires a band of musicians, and each team is -played for during its innings. Usually there are two bands, for, if the -challenged party has any pride, it wants to show it and so brings its -own band.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a48.35" name="a48.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>Pagkaraàn naŋ laròʾ aŋ -hukòm ay syà ŋ nagpàpaháyag sa <a id= -"a48.36" name="a48.36"></a>maŋa nanúnoòd kuŋ -alì ŋ paŋkàt aŋ nanálo. -Pagkárinig nilà naŋ <a id="a48.37" name= -"a48.37"></a>paháyag naŋ hukòm ay agad-agàd -inùumpisahàn aŋ pagisìgáwan <a id= -"a48.38" name="a48.38"></a>at maŋa pagpúri sa nanálo -ŋ paŋkàt. Aŋ mànanalò ŋ -paŋkàt at <a id="a48.39" name="a48.39"></a>aŋ kanila -ŋ maŋa kaybígan magkakasáma ŋ -tinùtugtugàn naŋ <a id="a48.40" name= -"a48.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>kanila ŋ bànda -naŋ músika ay agàd-agàd na -nagpàpaséyo sa <a id="a48.41" name="a48.41"></a>maŋa -lugàr na malápit sa kanilà ŋ -pinaglaruàn. Kinàbukásan aŋ lahàt -naŋ naŋyári ay nàkìkíta sa -maŋa pàhayagàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After the game the judge announces to the spectators -which team has won. When the announcement of the judge has been heard, -there begins at once the yelling and the honoring of the victorious -team. The winning team and their friends and followers, accompanied by -the music of their band, at once begin to parade through the places -near to the field of the game. On the next day the whole story appears -in the newspapers.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ ganitò ŋ maŋa paglalarò -naŋ sípa ay hindí karanyúwan <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb50" href="#pb50" name="pb50">50</a>]</span><a id= -"a50.1" name="a50.1"></a>sa maŋa báya ŋ -maliliìt sa provìnsiya, dátapuwat sa -malalakì <a id="a50.2" name="a50.2"></a>lámaŋ na -báyan, gáya naŋ Maynílaʾ at iba -pà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Such games of <i>sipa</i> as these are not common in the -little towns in the provinces, but only in the large cities, such as -Manila. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb51" href="#pb51" name= -"pb51">51</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s13" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a50.3" name="a50.3"></a><span class= -"divNum">13.</span> Aŋ kúra ŋ si Patúpat.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">13.</span> The priest -Patupat.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a50.4" name="a50.4"></a>Sa -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl ay máy-roo ŋ -nagtirà ŋ isa ŋ táo noò ŋ <a id= -"a50.5" name="a50.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>maŋa -hulì ŋ áraw naŋ panahòn naŋ -Kastìlaʾ. Aŋ táo ŋ itò y <a id= -"a50.6" name="a50.6"></a>nagáral at sa kanya ŋ -katalinúhan ay nàintindihan nyà aŋ maŋa -<a id="a50.7" name="a50.7"></a>masamà ŋ palákad -naŋ maŋa kúra na sya ŋ maŋa maliliìt -na <a id="a50.8" name="a50.8"></a>háre sa kanila ŋ -bayàn-bayàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">In the last years of the Spanish time there dwelt -in the town of San Miguel a certain man. This man was educated and was -intelligent enough to understand the evil ways of the priests, who were -really little kings in their towns.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a50.9" name="a50.9"></a>Sa San-Migèl -aŋ kúra ŋ nàdistíno ay isa ŋ -mabagsìk at maínit <a id="a50.10" name= -"a50.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>aŋ úlo. Aŋ -táwag sa kanyà naŋ maŋa táo ay “si -Patúpat.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">In San Miguel the priest who had the parish was a -violent and hot-headed man. The people called him -“Patupat.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a50.11" name="a50.11"></a>Isa ŋ liŋgo -aŋ táwu ŋ nábaŋgìt sa itaàs -nitò ay naparoòn sa simbáhan úpaŋ -makinìg naŋ sèrmon naŋ páreʾ. -Sapagkàt aŋ pári <a id="a50.13" name= -"a50.13"></a>ŋ itò ay nagakála ŋ maŋa -walà ŋ pinagarálan aŋ kanyà ŋ -sinèsèrmunan <a id="a50.14" name="a50.14"></a>ay -hindí sya nagpílit na makapagsalità ŋ -matwìd naŋ <a id="a50.15" name="a50.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Tagálog. Aŋ kanya ŋ -pananalitàʾ ay walà ŋ púno t -dúlo, at halù-hálo <a id="a50.16" name= -"a50.16"></a>ŋ pára ŋ kalámay. Gayon dìn -aŋ kanya ŋ isinèsèrmun ay <a id="a50.17" name= -"a50.17"></a>hindí nàìibà sa -infiyèrno, purgatóriyo, maŋa salbáhi ŋ -táo-ŋ-báyan, <a id="a50.18" name="a50.18"></a>at -katapusàn naŋ mundò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One Sunday the man above mentioned went to church to -hear the sermon of the priest. As this priest thought that the people -to whom he was preaching were uneducated people, he took no pains to -speak Tagalog correctly. His speech had neither beginning nor end and -was mixed up like rice-pudding. Moreover, what he preached about was -never other than Hell, Purgatory, what brutes the people of the town -were, and the End of the World.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a50.19" name="a50.19"></a>Naŋ aŋ -sèrmon nya ay nagumpisa nà, pumások sa -simbáhan <a id="a50.20" name="a50.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>aŋ áti ŋ kaybíga ŋ si -Pransìsko.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the sermon began, our friend Francisco entered the -church.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a50.21" name="a50.21"></a>Gáya naŋ -karanyúwan inumpisahàn naŋ kúra aŋ kanya -ŋ <a id="a50.22" name="a50.22"></a>sèrmon sa ganitò -ŋ pananalitàʾ: “Manà -kapatìr-konkristyános!”</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a50.23" name="a50.23"></a>May ápat na pu -ŋ taòn na sya sa lúpa ŋ Katagalúgan, ay -<a id="a50.24" name="a50.24"></a>hindí pa nya -nàtutúha ŋ sabíhi ŋ matwìd -aŋ “Maŋà -kapatìd-Koŋkristyános.” <span class= -"lineNum">25</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">As usual, the priest began his sermon with this -utterance: “Brezren and faylow-Christiannes!” Although he -had been for almost forty years now in the Tagalog country, he had not -yet learned to say correctly “Brethren and -fellow-Christians.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a50.26" name="a50.26"></a>Si Pransìsko ay -nàtàtayú sa isa ŋ lugàr na -malápit sa pùlpito, <a id="a50.27" name= -"a50.27"></a>pinakiŋgàn nya ŋ mabúte aŋ -sèrmon na noò y wala ŋ ibà kuŋ <a id= -"a50.28" name="a50.28"></a>hindí aŋ -makàlìlíbo nà ŋ inúlit naŋ -pári ŋ itò, at iyò y úkul sa <a id= -"a50.29" name="a50.29"></a>maŋa hírap sa infiyèrno -at purgatóriyo at pagtutúlus naŋ -kandílaʾ <a id="a50.30" name="a50.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>at pagbibigày naŋ kwàlta sa -simbáhan úpaŋ màligtasàn aŋ -maŋa hírap na iyòn. Si Pransìsko ay -siniglàn naŋ malakì ŋ gálit, -sapagkàt <a id="a50.32" name= -"a50.32"></a>nàpagkilála nya na nilòlóko -naŋ páre aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa <a id= -"a50.33" name="a50.33"></a>táo, at walá sya ŋ -ibà ŋ pákay kuŋ hindí aŋ -takútin lámaŋ aŋ <a id="a50.34" name= -"a50.34"></a>maŋa namàmáyan úpaŋ -kanilà ŋ payamánin aŋ simbáhan at -maŋa <span class="lineNum">35</span>kúra.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Francisco stood in a place near the pulpit and listened -carefully to the sermon, which on that day contained nothing except -what had already been a thousand times repeated by the priest, namely -about the sufferings in Hell and Purgatory, the offering of candles and -the giving of money to the church in order to escape from these -sufferings.</p> -<p class="par">Francisco was filled with great anger, for he saw that -the priest was fooling his people and had no other aim than to frighten -the townspeople so that they should enrich the church and priests.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a50.36" name="a50.36"></a>Pagkaraàn -naŋ sèrmon ay hindí umwé si Kíko na -gáya naŋ <a id="a50.37" name= -"a50.37"></a>karanyúwan, dátapuwat hinantày nya -ŋ matápus aŋ mísa. Pagkaraàn <a id= -"a50.38" name="a50.38"></a>nitò y nagpáiwan syà sa -simbáhan. Kumúha sya naŋ maŋa <a id="a50.39" -name="a50.39"></a>papèl at sumúlat sya sa páre -naŋ ganitò:</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After the sermon Kiko did not go home as usual, but -waited until mass was over. After mass he staid in the church until he -was alone. He took some pieces of paper and wrote to the priest as -follows:</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a50.40" name="a50.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>“Ámoŋ, nárinìg ko -pòʾ aŋ inyu ŋ sèrmon kanína ŋ -umága. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb52" href="#pb52" name= -"pb52">52</a>]</span><a id="a52.1" name= -"a52.1"></a>Nàpagkìkilála ko na kayò y -nanìniwála ŋ may infiyèrno at may <a id= -"a52.2" name="a52.2"></a>purgatóriyo. Akò y walà -ŋ paniwála díto. Sa liŋgo ŋ -dáratiŋ, <a id="a52.3" name="a52.3"></a>kuŋ -íbig mo, prubahàn mo sa iyo ŋ sèrmon sa -maŋa táo na máy-roo <a id="a52.4" name= -"a52.4"></a>ŋ infyèrno at purgatóriyo. -Pagkatápos pùprubahàn kò namàn -<span class="lineNum">5</span>sa kanilà na walà ŋ -infiyèrno ni purgatóriyo. Kuŋ ikàw <a id= -"a52.6" name="a52.6"></a>aŋ paniwaláan naŋ maŋa -táo hindí báli ŋ ipabítay mo -akò dahilàn <a id="a52.7" name="a52.7"></a>sa áki -ŋ pagkatálo at hindí paniniwálaʾ. -Dátapuwat, kuŋ <a id="a52.8" name="a52.8"></a>akò y -manálo aŋ hiníhiliŋ ko lámaŋ sa -iyò ay pabayaàn mo akò ŋ <a id="a52.9" name= -"a52.9"></a>makapagsábi sa madlàʾ na walà -ŋ infyèrno ni purgatóryo.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Father, I heard your sermon this morning. It is -apparent to me that you believe that there is a Hell and that there is -a Purgatory. I do not believe in these things. Next Sunday, if you -wish, you may prove to the people in your sermon that there is a Hell -and a Purgatory. When you are done, I shall try to prove to them that -there is no Hell and no Purgatory. If the people believe you, I do not -mind if you have me hanged for my defeat and my unbelief, but, if I am -the victor, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb53" href="#pb53" name= -"pb53">53</a>]</span>all I ask of you is to allow me to say to the -people at large that there is neither a Hell nor a -Purgatory.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a52.10" name="a52.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Aŋ ilà ŋ kópya naŋ -súlat na ytò ay idinikìt nya sa maŋa <a id= -"a52.11" name="a52.11"></a>padèr naŋ simbáhan at -aŋ isà y ipinaabòt nya sa kúra.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Several copies of this letter he pasted to the walls of -the church, and one he sent to the priest.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a52.12" name="a52.12"></a>Naŋ itò y -màbása ni Patúpat sumubò aŋ kanya -ŋ dugòʾ, at <a id="a52.13" name= -"a52.13"></a>walà ŋ pagkàsyahàn aŋ kanya -ŋ gálit. Ipinatáwag nya aŋ maŋa <a id= -"a52.14" name="a52.14"></a>gwàrdya-sibìl, at sa gabi -dìn naŋ liŋgò ŋ iyòn ay -pinapanhikàn <a id="a52.15" name="a52.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>at pinahanápan nya aŋ maŋa -bahày-bahày sa boo ŋ báyan, úpaŋ -<a id="a52.16" name="a52.16"></a>hulíhin si Kíkoʾ. -Dátapuwat si Kíko ay hindí nila -nàhúle. Naŋ <a id="a52.17" name= -"a52.17"></a>hápon dì ŋ iyòn ay -ibinalíta ni Kíko sa ilàn nya ŋ -matálik na <a id="a52.18" name="a52.18"></a>kaybígan -aŋ kanyà ŋ ginawàʾ, at silà y -naŋàpamaŋhàʾ. Itinanòŋ <a id= -"a52.19" name="a52.19"></a>nilà kuŋ bákit niya -ginawá iyòn at kuŋ hindí nya -napagkùkúro <a id="a52.20" name="a52.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>aŋ maŋyàyári sa -kanyà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When Patupat read it, his blood boiled and his anger -knew no bounds. He had the gendarmes called, and on the evening of that -very Sunday he had all the houses in the town entered and searched, so -as to catch Kiko. But they did not catch Kiko. That same afternoon Kiko -told some of his intimate friends what he had done, and they were all -astonished. They asked him why he had done this thing and whether he -could not see what would happen to him.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a52.21" name="a52.21"></a>Aŋ isà sa -kanilà y nagsábi naŋ ganitò: -“Magbalòt ka nà <a id="a52.22" name= -"a52.22"></a>naŋ damìt, at umalìs ka ŋayon -dìn, kuŋ hindí mo gustò ŋ -màhúli <a id="a52.23" name="a52.23"></a>ka naŋ -maŋa sundálo ni Patúpat at maipabarìl ka -kinàbukásan.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One of them spoke thus: “Pack up some clothes and -go away right now, if you don’t want to be caught by -Patupat’s soldiers and shot tomorrow.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a52.24" name="a52.24"></a>Si Kíko ay -áyaw sumunòd sa kanyà ŋ páyo, -sapagkàt inakálà <a id="a52.25" name= -"a52.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>nya ŋ -tàtaŋgapìn ni Patúpat aŋ kanya ŋ -hámon tuŋkòl sa pagpapakilála sa maŋa -táo na walà ŋ infiyèrno ni purgatóriyo -at aŋ maŋa itò y paŋhúle lámaŋ -naŋ maŋa páre naŋ kwàlta. Kanyá -<a id="a52.28" name="a52.28"></a>sya y nagpaábot naŋ -gabì sa báhay naŋ isa nyà ŋ -kaybígan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Kiko refused to follow his advice, because he thought -that Patupat would accept his challenge about showing the people that -there was neither a Hell nor a Purgatory and that these things were -merely a device of the priests for getting money. Therefore he allowed -himself to be overtaken by night in the house of a friend of his.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a52.29" name="a52.29"></a>Naŋ dumilim -nà at aŋ báya y nagúgulo dahilàn sa -paghahanàp <a id="a52.30" name="a52.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>naŋ maŋa gwàrdya-sibìl ay -saká pa lámaŋ nya nàpagkilála <a id= -"a52.31" name="a52.31"></a>aŋ malakì ŋ -paŋánib na kanyà ŋ -kinàbìbiŋítan. Sapagkàt itò y -<a id="a52.32" name="a52.32"></a>nàbalitáan nya -agàd, kanyá nagkaroòn sya naŋ panahò -ŋ makapagtágo <a id="a52.33" name="a52.33"></a>sa isa -ŋ líhim na súlok sa báhay naŋ kanya -ŋ kaybígan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Not until it was dark and the town was upset with the -searchings of the gendarmes did he recognize the great danger which he -was incurring. Since he had heard of this at once, he had time to hide -in a secret corner of his friend’s house.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a52.34" name="a52.34"></a>Naŋ -makaraàn aŋ maŋa paghahanapàn sya y -lumabàs sa <a id="a52.35" name="a52.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>kanya ŋ taguàn, umwí sya, -nagbalòt naŋ ilà ŋ damìt, -nagpasiŋkàw <a id="a52.36" name="a52.36"></a>naŋ isa -ŋ karumáta, at pagkakúha nya naŋ maŋa -bála naŋ barìl, <a id="a52.37" name= -"a52.37"></a>binitbìt nya aŋ barìl, sumakày -sya sa karumáta, at napahatìd sa <a id="a52.38" name= -"a52.38"></a>labàs naŋ báyan. Pagkaraàn -naŋ ila ŋ áraw ay namundok syà, <a id="a52.39" -name="a52.39"></a>kasáma naŋ ilà ŋ maŋa -táo-ŋ-báyan na hindí makatirà sa -loòb <a id="a52.40" name="a52.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>naŋ báyan, sapagkàt -nàkagalítan sila naŋ kúra o naŋ iba -pà ŋ <a id="a52.41" name="a52.41"></a>Kastíla ŋ -may katuŋkúlan sa báyan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the house-searchings were over, he went out from -his hiding place, went home, wrapped up some clothes, had a wagon -hitched up, and, taking some rifle-bullets, shouldered his gun, got -into the wagon, and had himself driven out of town. After a few days he -went to the mountains together with several townsmen who could not stay -in the town because they had incurred the anger of the priest or of -some other Spanish official of the town.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a52.42" name="a52.42"></a>Díto sa -pamumundok nyà sya y inabútan naŋ -paghihìmagsíkan <a id="a52.43" name= -"a52.43"></a>lában sa maŋa Kastílaʾ naŋ -taò ŋ isa ŋ líbo walo ŋ daàn -walò <a id="a52.44" name="a52.44"></a>ŋ pu t ánim. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb54" href="#pb54" name= -"pb54">54</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">There, in his stay in the mountains, he was overtaken by -the revolution against the Spaniards in the year 1886. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb55" href="#pb55" name="pb55">55</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s14" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a54.1" name="a54.1"></a><span class= -"divNum">14.</span> Si Maryáno at aŋ pári ŋ si -Patúpat.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">14.</span> Mariano and the priest -Patupat.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a54.2" name="a54.2"></a>Si Maryáno -ay isà sa íila ŋ botikáriyo sa -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl. <a id="a54.3" name="a54.3"></a>Sya -y nagìŋ isà sa maŋa nasawi-ŋ-pálad -dahilàn sa pagswày sa <a id="a54.4" name= -"a54.4"></a>maŋa kautusàn naŋ kúra ŋ si -Patúpat. Sya y may famíliya; <a id="a54.5" name= -"a54.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>bukòd sa asáwa -ay may dalawà sya ŋ anàk, isà ŋ -dadalawáhi ŋ <a id="a54.6" name="a54.6"></a>taòn at -isà ŋ kabàbágu ŋ paŋanàk pa -lámaŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Mariano was one of the very few apothecaries in -the town of San Miguel. He was one of the people who fell into -misfortune through disobeying the orders of the priest Patupat. He had -a family; beside his wife he had two children, one two years old and -one new-born.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a54.7" name="a54.7"></a>Isa ŋ áraw -aŋ kanyà ŋ alíla ay nagkasakìt. Sya y -may <a id="a54.8" name="a54.8"></a>bayàw na médiko, -kanyá aŋ alílaʾ ay ipinagamùt nya -díto na <a id="a54.9" name="a54.9"></a>walà ŋ -báyad, at aŋ gamòt namàn ay ibinigày -nya na walà ŋ báyad <a id="a54.10" name= -"a54.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>sa alílaʾ. -Naŋ makaraàn aŋ ilà ŋ áraw ay -gumalìŋ aŋ alílaʾ at itò <a id= -"a54.11" name="a54.11"></a>y nagakála ŋ -magpahiŋà ŋ sandalìʾ sa búkid. -Kanyàʾ binayáran <a id="a54.12" name= -"a54.12"></a>nya aŋ kanya ŋ útaŋ at -napaálam sya kay Maryáno úpaŋ magtirà -<a id="a54.13" name="a54.13"></a>sa búkid. Hindí -nalaúnan aŋ pagtitira nyà sa búkid at aŋ -alíla ŋ itò y nagkasakìt na -mulìʾ, at aŋ nagiŋ dúlo y aŋ kanya -ŋ <span class="lineNum">15</span>pagkamatày.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One day his servant fell sick. He had a brother-in-law -who was a doctor, so he had him treat the servant without charge, and -he gave the servant medicine without charge. After some days the -servant got well and decided to rest for a while in the country. -Accordingly he paid his debt and took his leave of Mariano for a stay -in the country. His stay in the country did not last long, before he -fell sick anew, and the end was his death.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Sa Filipínas naŋ maŋa panahò -ŋ yaòn ay hindí maàári ŋ <a id= -"a54.17" name="a54.17"></a>huwàg pabendisyunàn aŋ -isa ŋ patày bágo mábaòn. Itò y -hindí <a id="a54.18" name= -"a54.18"></a>ipinahìhintúlot naŋ maŋa -kúra, dátapuwat aŋ pagsasáma na hindí -<a id="a54.19" name="a54.19"></a>kasàl naŋ isa ŋ -babáye at laláki ay hindí nila masyádo -ŋ pinápansìn, <a id="a54.20" name= -"a54.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>palibhása y -gawá rin namàn nilà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">In the Philippines in those days it was not allowable to -bury a dead person without first having him blessed by a priest. The -priests did not allow this, but they did not much mind the living -together of a man and woman not married, for the reason that they did -this themselves.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ patày na alílà ni -Maryáno ay lubhà ŋ mahírap at aŋ <a id= -"a54.22" name="a54.22"></a>kanyà ŋ maŋa -kamagának ay mahihírap dìn at walà ŋ -ikakáya ŋ <a id="a54.23" name="a54.23"></a>magbáyad -sa halagà na sinísiŋìl ni Patúpat. -Dáhil díto y walà <a id="a54.24" name= -"a54.24"></a>ŋ magpabaòn sa katawàn naŋ -alílaʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The deceased servant of Mariano was very poor and his -relatives also were poor and had not the means to pay the price -demanded by Patupat. Thus there was no one to see to the burial of the -servant’s body.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a54.25" name="a54.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Naŋ màláman itò ni -Patúpat ay ipinatáwag nya si Maryáno at -sinábi nya ŋ siyà aŋ dápat -magpabaòn sa patày at siyà aŋ <a id="a54.27" -name="a54.27"></a>magbáyad naŋ gàstos. Sa -akálà ni Maryáno ay lumálampàs -aŋ <a id="a54.28" name="a54.28"></a>kasalbahíhan ni -Patúpat. Kanyá sinábi nya na hindi nyà sya -<a id="a54.29" name="a54.29"></a>bàbayáran sa -pagbabaòn naŋ patày, káhit na anò -aŋ maŋyáre.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When Patupat learned this, he had Mariano called and -said that it was his place to have the dead man buried and to pay the -costs. In Mariano’s opinion Patupat’s insolence was getting -beyond bounds. Therefore he said that he would not pay him for the -burying of the dead man, no matter what happened.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a54.30" name="a54.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Si Patúpat ay sinubhàn naŋ -gálit. Ipinabaòn niya aŋ patày <a id="a54.31" -name="a54.31"></a>at sa áraw di ŋ iyòn ay -naparoòn sya sa hùkúman at ipinagsakdàl -<a id="a54.32" name="a54.32"></a>nya si Mariyáno -úpaŋ pagbayáran siyà naŋ gàstos -sa pagbebendisyòn sa patày.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Patupat boiled with rage. He had the dead man buried and -on the same day went to court and sued Mariano for the cost of blessing -the dead man.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a54.34" name="a54.34"></a>Naŋ -dumatìŋ aŋ paghuhùkúman si -Maryáno y naparoòn at <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>naŋ itinanòŋ naŋ hukòm -kuŋ anò aŋ íbig nya ŋ sabíhin -tuŋkòl <a id="a54.36" name="a54.36"></a>sa sakdàl na -iyòn, ay sinábi nya itò ŋ -sumúsunòd:</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the session of the court came, Mariano was present, -and when the judge asked what he had to say to this accusation, he -spoke as follows:</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a54.37" name="a54.37"></a>“Ginoò -ŋ Hwès, aŋ namatày na iyòn ay -walá na sa áki ŋ kapaŋyaríhan, -sapagkàt hindí ku nà sya alíla naŋ sya -y namatày. Noo ŋ syà y máy sakit pa -lámaŋ ay ipinagamòt ko syà ŋ wala ŋ -<a id="a54.40" name="a54.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>báyad, at binigyàn ko syà -ŋ wala ŋ báyad naŋ gamòt. Nagawá ku -nà aŋ áki ŋ katuŋkúlan sa -áki ŋ kápuwa táo at aŋ -katuŋkúla <a id="a54.42" name="a54.42"></a>ŋ -iniyátas sa ákin ni Bathálaʾ. Isà sa -maŋa katuŋkúlan naŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb56" href="#pb56" name="pb56">56</a>]</span>maŋa -párèʾ ay aŋ magpabaòn naŋ maŋa -patày. Ŋayò ŋ aŋ táo <a id="a56.2" -name="a56.2"></a>ŋ iyòn ay patay nà, bákit -namàn hindí magawá naŋ pári ŋ -itò <a id="a56.3" name="a56.3"></a>aŋ kanya ŋ -katuŋkúlan na walà ŋ úpa, -yámaŋ ito namàn ay hindí <a id="a56.4" name= -"a56.4"></a>maŋyàyári kuŋ may káya -aŋ maŋa kamagának naŋ namatày?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Your Honor, this man who died was no longer in my -care, for he was no longer my servant when he died. When he was still -sick, I had him treated without charge and gave him medicine without -charge. I have done my duty to my fellow-man and the duty placed upon -me by the Lord. One of the duties of the priests is to provide burial -for the dead. Now this man is dead, why cannot this priest do his duty -without receiving pay, since even this would not happen, if the -relatives of the deceased had means?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a56.5" name="a56.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Pagkaraàn naŋ maŋa ilan pà -ŋ maŋa tanòŋ naŋ hukòm sa <a id= -"a56.6" name="a56.6"></a>kúra at kay Mariyáno ay -tinápus nya aŋ paghuhùkúman, at -ipinaháyag <a id="a56.7" name="a56.7"></a>nya ŋ si -Mariyáno ay nása katwíran at aŋ kúra y -dápat <a id="a56.8" name="a56.8"></a>magpasyènsya sa -pagkábendisyon nyà naŋ patày na wala ŋ -úpa.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After asking some further questions of the priest and of -Mariano, the judge closed the hearing and announced that Mariano was in -the right and that the priest would have to put up with having blessed -the dead man without payment. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb57" href= -"#pb57" name="pb57">57</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a56.9" name="a56.9"></a>Naŋ makaraàn -itò y lálu ŋ lumakì aŋ gálit ni -Patúpat kay <span class="lineNum">10</span>Maryáno, at -pagkaraàn naŋ ilà ŋ áraw ay -ipinagsakdàl niya ŋ mulí si Mariyáno. -Ŋayòn ay iba namàn aŋ kanya ŋ -sakdàl. <a id="a56.12" name="a56.12"></a>Isinakdàl niya -sa hùkúman na si Maryáno ay isà ŋ -Masòn, sapagkàt <a id="a56.13" name="a56.13"></a>sya y -hindí nagsísimbà nì hindí -naŋúŋumpisàl nì hindí <a id= -"a56.14" name="a56.14"></a>rin nagmàmáno sa -páreʾ. Aŋ maŋa Masòn ay kaáway -naŋ Romanìsmo <a id="a56.15" name="a56.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>at sa makatwìd ay kaáway dìn -naŋ pàmahalaàn sa Filipínas <a id="a56.16" -name="a56.16"></a>naŋ maŋa panahò ŋ iyòn, -at dáhil díto y kanya ŋ ipináyo <a id= -"a56.17" name="a56.17"></a>na si Maryáno y ipatápon sa -ibà ŋ lupaìn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When this had happened Patupat’s wrath against -Mariano greatly increased, and after a few days he again entered a -charge against Mariano. This time he made a different accusation. He -complained to the court that Mariano was a Mason, because he did not -come to church, did not confess, and did not kiss the priest’s -hand. The Masons are enemies of the Catholic Church and, in -consequence, were enemies also of the government in the Philippines in -those days; and therefore he suggested that Mariano be deported.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a56.18" name="a56.18"></a>Naŋ -màbalitáan ni Maryáno aŋ sakdàl na -yitò ni Patúpat <a id="a56.19" name="a56.19"></a>ay -inakálà nya ŋ walá na sya ŋ -pagása kuŋ hindí aŋ magtagò o <a id= -"a56.20" name="a56.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>umílag -sa maŋà maŋhuhúli sa kanyà. -Kanyàʾ aŋ ginawá nya ay <a id="a56.21" name= -"a56.21"></a>lumwàs sya sa Maynílaʾ at doòn -sya nagtagòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When Mariano heard of this accusation of Patupat, he -decided that his only hope was to hide or to escape from those who were -to arrest him. Accordingly what he did was to go down to Manila, and -there he hid.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Dátapuwat doon màn ay nàhúli -rìn syà naŋ maŋa gwàrdya-sivìl. -<a id="a56.23" name="a56.23"></a>Kasáma naŋ pitò o -walò ŋ taga iba t ibà ŋ báyan sya y -<a id="a56.24" name="a56.24"></a>inilúlan sa isà ŋ -bapòr at dinalà sila sa ibabá naŋ -kapuluà-ŋ-Filipínas. <a id="a56.25" name= -"a56.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>At doòn -pagdatìŋ nilà aŋ ibà sa kanila ŋ -magkakasáma <a id="a56.26" name="a56.26"></a>ay -pinagbábarìl naŋ maŋa sundálo ŋ -naghatìd sa kanilà, <a id="a56.27" name= -"a56.27"></a>sapagkàt iyòn aŋ útos naŋ -pinúno ŋ nagpatápon sa maŋa táo ŋ -iyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">But even there he was caught by the gendarmes. Together -with seven or eight men from various towns he was put into a steamboat -and they were taken to the southern part of the Philippine Islands. And -when they arrived there some of their number were shot by the soldiers -who accompanied them, for this was ordered by the officials who sent -these men into banishment.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a56.29" name="a56.29"></a>Dátapuwat si -Maryáno y hindí nagiŋ isà sa maŋa -nábaril na <a id="a56.30" name="a56.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>iyòn. Doòn sya nátirà -haŋgàŋ sa pananálo naŋ maŋa -Amerikáno <a id="a56.31" name="a56.31"></a>ay nagkaroòn -sya naŋ kalayáa ŋ makabábalik sa kanya ŋ -famíliya. <a id="a56.32" name="a56.32"></a>Naŋ itò y -datnan nyà aŋ isa nyà ŋ anàk ay -pitò na ŋ taòn aŋ <a id="a56.33" name= -"a56.33"></a>gúlaŋ at aŋ ikalawà namàn -ay limà na ŋ taòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">However, Mariano was not one of those who were shot. He -staid there until, after the victory of the Americans, he was given the -liberty of returning to his family. When he came back to the latter, -his one child was seven years old and the second, five.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s15" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a56.34" name="a56.34"></a><span class= -"divNum">15.</span> Aŋ Intsìk na -màŋaŋátam.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">15.</span> The story of the -Chinese carpenter.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a56.35" name="a56.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>Si Hwàn ay isa ŋ alwáge na may -kápit-báhay na Intsèk na aluwáge -rìn. Aŋ Intsèk na ytò ay isa ŋ -magalìŋ na alwáge at <a id="a56.37" name= -"a56.37"></a>aŋ kanya ŋ kínis ay -nàpagkìkilála sa magalìŋ nya ŋ -paggámit <a id="a56.38" name="a56.38"></a>naŋ katàm. -Isa ŋ áraw nakábili syà naŋ isa ŋ -piráso-ŋ-káhoy <a id="a56.39" name="a56.39"></a>na -may ápat na pu ŋ paà aŋ hábaʾ. -Itù y kanya ŋ nilínis. Sinubúkan <a id= -"a56.40" name="a56.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>nya kuŋ -makakùkúha syà naŋ pinagkatamàn na -walà ŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb58" href="#pb58" -name="pb58">58</a>]</span><a id="a58.1" name="a58.1"></a>patìd -sa boò ŋ hábà naŋ káhoy. -Dahilàn sa húsay naŋ kanyà ŋ <a id= -"a58.2" name="a58.2"></a>kasaŋkápan at sa kanyà -ŋ kabutíhan sa pagaalwáge, aŋ bágay na -<a id="a58.3" name="a58.3"></a>yòn ay nagìŋ -pára ŋ walà ŋ ano màn sa kaniyà. -Twì ŋ isùsúluŋ niya aŋ katàm -ay nakakùkúha naŋ pinagkatamàn na walà -ŋ patìd, <a id="a58.5" name="a58.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>ápat na pu ŋ paà aŋ -hábaʾ. Úpaŋ ipakilála nya sa -kápit-báhay <a id="a58.6" name="a58.6"></a>niya ŋ -aluwági ŋ Tagálog aŋ kanyà ŋ -galìŋ, itò y kanyà ŋ pinadalhàn -<a id="a58.7" name="a58.7"></a>naŋ isa ŋ pinagkatamàn -áraw-áraw.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Juan was a carpenter who had for neighbor a -Chinaman who also was a carpenter. This Chinaman was a skilled -carpenter and his cleverness showed itself in his skilful use of the -plane. One day he bought a piece of wood forty feet in length. This he -proceeded to smoothe. He tried to see if he could obtain shavings -without a break for the whole length of the wood. What with the -excellence of his tools and his skill <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb59" href="#pb59" name="pb59">59</a>]</span>at carpentry, this feat -went off as if there was nothing to it. Every time he pushed his plane -he obtained a shaving without a break, forty feet in length. In order -to show this his skill to his neighbor, the Tagalog carpenter, he sent -him one shaving every day.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a58.8" name="a58.8"></a>Aŋ aluwági -ŋ Tagálog na si Hwàn ay nàpagúlat sa -galìŋ naŋ <a id="a58.9" name= -"a58.9"></a>Intsèk. Úpaŋ gantihìn nya aŋ -kanyà ŋ maŋa tinaŋgàp na -pinagkatamàn, <a id="a58.10" name="a58.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>sinubúkan dìn nyà ŋ -kumatàm at ipadalà sa Intsèk aŋ <a id= -"a58.11" name="a58.11"></a>pinagkatamàn. Dátapuwat -aŋ pinakamahábà nya ŋ nàkúha na -<a id="a58.12" name="a58.12"></a>pinagkatamàn ay may-roon -lámaŋ na labì ŋ limà ŋ paà. -Itò y <a id="a58.13" name="a58.13"></a>kahyá-hiyà -ŋ ipadalà sa Intsèk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The Tagalog carpenter, Juan, marvelled at the skill of -the Chinaman. In order to make return for the shavings he had received, -he too tried to use the plane and to send the shavings to the Chinaman. -However, the longest shavings he succeeded in getting were only fifteen -feet. These it would have been <span class="corr" id="xd21e7860" title= -"Source: humilating">humiliating</span> to send to the Chinaman.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a58.14" name="a58.14"></a>Si Hwàn ay -magalìŋ gumámit naŋ daràs at siya y -nakapagpàpakínis <span class="lineNum">15</span>naŋ -tablà sa pamamagítan lámaŋ naŋ -daràs. Hindí <a id="a58.16" name="a58.16"></a>na -kayiláŋa ŋ gamítan naŋ katàm -aŋ ano mà ŋ káhoy na kanya <a id="a58.17" name= -"a58.17"></a>ŋ darasìn, dátapuwat aŋ -pinagdarasàn ay maŋa tátal na maiiklí <a id= -"a58.18" name="a58.18"></a>lámaŋ, hindí súkat -pagkàkilanlàn naŋ kanyà ŋ -galìŋ, at hindí nya <a id="a58.19" name= -"a58.19"></a>màipadalà sa Intsèk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan was skilled in the use of the <i>daras</i>, and he -was able to smoothe boards by the use of the <i>daras</i> alone. Any -piece of wood which he had chopped smooth with the <i>daras</i> did not -require the use of the plane; but the pieces he chopped off were only -short splinters, not suited to show his skill, and he could not send -them to the Chinaman.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>Hábaŋ si -Hwàn ay walà ŋ màláma ŋ -gawìn, aŋ Intsìk namàn <a id="a58.21" name= -"a58.21"></a>ay hindí naglúlubày naŋ -pagpapadalà naŋ pinagkatamà ŋ -mahahábaʾ. <a id="a58.22" name="a58.22"></a>Siniglàn -si Hwàn naŋ gálit. Sinuŋgabàn nya -aŋ kanya <a id="a58.23" name="a58.23"></a>ŋ daràs at -pinarunàn nya aŋ Intsèk. Itò y -nàpagúlat at natákot naŋ màkíta -si Hwàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">While Juan did not know what to do, the Chinaman did not -stop sending long shavings. Juan was filled with anger. He took his -<i>daras</i> and went over to the Chinaman’s. The latter was -surprised and frightened when he saw Juan.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a58.25" name="a58.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Sinábe nitò: “Anò aŋ -gustu mu ŋ sabíhin sa maŋa ipinagpapadalà -<a id="a58.26" name="a58.26"></a>mo ŋ pinagkatamàn sa -ákin? Akò y binuwísit mo at <a id="a58.27" name= -"a58.27"></a>itò y iyo ŋ pagbàbayáran. -Pùputúlin ko aŋ buhuk mò sa -pamamagítan naŋ daràs na itò.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The latter said: “What do you mean to say by -sending me those shavings? You are offensive to me and you shall pay -for it. I am going to cut your hair with this <i>daras</i>.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ Intsèk ay natákot, -sapagkàt, pag aŋ úlo nya y tinamaàn <a id= -"a58.30" name="a58.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>na naŋ -daràs na iyòn, ay pího ŋ hindí sya -mabùbúhay. Sya y <a id="a58.31" name= -"a58.31"></a>nagkàkawalàʾ, dátapuwat -sinuŋgabàn sya ni Hwàn, iginápus sya <a id= -"a58.32" name="a58.32"></a>sa baŋkòʾ, at -inumpisahàn nya ŋ dinaràs aŋ úlo -naŋ Intsèk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The Chinaman was frightened, for he knew that if that -<i>daras</i> struck his head, he would surely not survive. He tried to -escape, but Juan seized him, tied him to a bench, and began to use the -<i>daras</i> on the Chinaman’s head.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a58.33" name="a58.33"></a>Aŋ daràs ay -isa ŋ kasaŋkápa ŋ malakì, gáya -naŋ isà ŋ píko, <a id="a58.34" name= -"a58.34"></a>at mabigàt, dátapuwat sa magalìŋ -na kamày ni Hwàn itò y nagiŋ <a id="a58.35" -name="a58.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>pára ŋ isa -ŋ guntìŋ lámaŋ. Aŋ lagpàk -naŋ daràs sa úlo naŋ <a id="a58.36" name= -"a58.36"></a>Intsìk ay lubhà ŋ banáyad, at -aŋ maŋa buhòk lámaŋ aŋ -pinùpútol naŋ patalìm.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The <i>daras</i> is a large tool, the size of a pick, -and heavy, but in Juan’s skilful hand it was like a mere pair of -scissors. The descent of the <i>daras</i> on the Chinaman’s head -was very gentle, and only the hair was cut by the edge.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a58.38" name="a58.38"></a>Sa tákot -naŋ Intsèk itò y nagsisigàw na sinábe: -“Wapélo! <a id="a58.39" name="a58.39"></a>Daluhàn -ninyò kò, masamà táo si Hwàn, -hindí Kilistyáno!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The Chinaman in his fright shouted and said: -“Wapelo! Come helpee me, Juan bad man, not Chlistian!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a58.40" name="a58.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Itò y nárinig naŋ maŋa -kápit-báhay at ibà ŋ -nagsìsipaglakàd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">This was heard by the neighbors and passers-by.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a58.41" name="a58.41"></a>Kanyá -pumások silà sa gàwáan naŋ -Intsèk at doòn ay sinábi <a id="a58.42" name= -"a58.42"></a>sa kanilà ni Hwàn: “Hwag kayù -ŋ makialàm díto! Aŋ Intsìk <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb60" href="#pb60" name="pb60">60</a>]</span><a id= -"a60.1" name="a60.1"></a>na yitò y hindí ko -sinàsaktàn. Ákin lámaŋ -pinùputlàn naŋ buhòk.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Accordingly they came into the Chinaman’s -workshop, but there Juan said to them: “Don’t you mix in -here! I am not hurting this Chinaman. I am just cutting his -hair.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a60.3" name="a60.3"></a>At patúluy -dìn aŋ kanyà ŋ pagdaràs.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">And he kept on with his chopping.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a60.4" name="a60.4"></a>Naŋ mapútul -na nya ŋ lahàt aŋ buhòk naŋ Intsèk -ay malakì <a id="a60.5" name="a60.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>aŋ nagìŋ -pagkámaŋhà naŋ nagsìsipanoòd, -sapagkàt aŋ buhòk naŋ <a id="a60.6" name= -"a60.6"></a>Intsèk ay pára ŋ ginupìt naŋ -guntìŋ naŋ isa ŋ bihasà ŋ -barbéro. <a id="a60.7" name="a60.7"></a>Aŋ Intsìk -namàn, naŋ màkíta nya sa salamìn na -wala ŋ súgat aŋ kanya ŋ úlo, ay malaki -rìn aŋ nagìŋ -pagkámaŋhàʾ, at hindí <a id="a60.9" -name="a60.9"></a>mapatìd aŋ pagpúri nya sa -galìŋ ni Hwàn sa paggámit naŋ -daràs.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the Chinaman’s hair was completely cut, the -onlookers were greatly astonished, for the Chinaman’s hair was as -if cut by the shears of a skilful barber. The Chinaman too, when he saw -in the looking-glass that his head was unhurt, was greatly astonished -and did not stop praising Juan’s skill in the use of the -<i>daras</i>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb61" href="#pb61" name= -"pb61">61</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s16" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a60.10" name="a60.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span><span class="divNum">16.</span> Isa ŋ -táo ŋ may birtùd naŋ usà.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">16.</span> A man who had the -power of a deer.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a60.11" name="a60.11"></a>Mínsan sa -isa ŋ báyan sa kapuluà-ŋ-Filipínas ay -náhayàg aŋ <a id="a60.12" name= -"a60.12"></a>paŋálan naŋ isa ŋ táo sa -kanya ŋ maŋa kababáyan at maŋa -kápit-báyan, dahilàn sa hindí -karanyúwa ŋ lakàs nya sa pagtakbò at <a id= -"a60.14" name="a60.14"></a>pagluksò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">In a certain town in the Philippine Islands there -once became celebrated the name of a certain man, both among his -fellow-townsmen and the people of the neighboring towns, on account of -his unusual strength in running and jumping.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a60.15" name="a60.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Sya y isa ŋ táo ŋ hindí -mayábaŋ, dátapuwat may kauntì ŋ <a id= -"a60.16" name="a60.16"></a>talíno sa paghahánap at gayon -dìn may kauntì ŋ tápaŋ. Aŋ <a id= -"a60.17" name="a60.17"></a>kanya ŋ hindí karanyúwa -ŋ kapaláran ay hindí nya ipinagmayabàŋ -<a id="a60.18" name="a60.18"></a>ní hindí nya -ipinagkayilàʾ kuŋ anò aŋ -pinaŋgàgalíŋan naŋ <a id="a60.19" name= -"a60.19"></a>kanyà ŋ dí karanyúwa ŋ -lakàs. Sinábi nya sa maŋà -mapagusísaʾ <a id="a60.20" name="a60.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>na aŋ pinaŋgàgalíŋan -naŋ kanya ŋ lakàs ay aŋ aŋkìn niya -ŋ <a id="a60.21" name="a60.21"></a>birtùd naŋ -usà. Hindí nya sinábe kuŋ papáno -aŋ pagkápasa <a id="a60.22" name="a60.22"></a>kanyà -naŋ birtùd na iyòn, dátapuwat siya y -hindí marámot sa <a id="a60.23" name= -"a60.23"></a>pagbibigày-loòb úpaŋ -ikatúluŋ niya sa maŋà kakilála o -hindìʾ aŋ kanya ŋ lakàs.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He was not a proud man, but he had some astuteness in -money matters and also some courage. He did not let his rare good -fortune make him proud, nor did he lie about the source of his unusual -strength. He told those who were curious that the source of his -strength was the power of the deer which he had made his own.</p> -<p class="par">He did not tell how this power had come into his -possession, but he was not stingy about doing favors by helping with -his strength both friends and strangers.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a60.25" name="a60.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Sya y may pagíbig na yumáman, -gáya naŋ karamíhan naŋ <a id="a60.26" name= -"a60.26"></a>táo, at díto nya ginámit aŋ -kanya ŋ lakàs. Paráti sya ŋ -nakìkipagtakbúhan, <a id="a60.27" name="a60.27"></a>at -aŋ maŋa takbúha ŋ itò y lágì -na ŋ pinagkatalunàn naŋ marámi ŋ -salapèʾ. Sya ay lágì na ŋ may -malakì ŋ <a id="a60.29" name="a60.29"></a>pustà. -Walá sya ŋ itináŋì na -pinakìkipagtakbuhàn. Kuŋ mìnsan <a id= -"a60.30" name="a60.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>nakìkipagtakbúhan sya sa kápwa -táo, kuŋ mínsan ay sa kabáyo, <a id="a60.31" -name="a60.31"></a>sa áso, at sa iba pà ŋ -háyop na matúli ŋ tumakbò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Like most people, he wanted to get rich, and it was -toward this end that he used his strength. He often entered into races, -and these races were always means of winning much money. He always made -large bets. He refused no one that wanted to race with him. Sometimes -he ran races with people, sometimes with horses, with dogs, and with -other animals that are fast at running.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a60.32" name="a60.32"></a>Pagkaraàn -naŋ ila ŋ áraw ay dumámi aŋ naípon -nya ŋ salapìʾ <a id="a60.33" name="a60.33"></a>na -pinanalúnan sa pustáhan. Gayon dìn aŋ kanya -ŋ maŋa kaybígan <a id="a60.34" name="a60.34"></a>na -nagsipustà sa kanyà ay nagkaroòn naŋ -marámi ŋ kwàlta. <a id="a60.35" name= -"a60.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>Naŋ -màpagaláman naŋ maŋa táo na syà y -may birtùd naŋ usà <a id="a60.36" name= -"a60.36"></a>ay hindí na sya íbig labánan sa -takbúhan. Dáhil díto y úpaŋ <a id= -"a60.37" name="a60.37"></a>hwag máhintoʾ aŋ kanya -ŋ pananálo at pagkíta naŋ kwaltà, ay -<a id="a60.38" name="a60.38"></a><span class="corr" id="xd21e3810" -title="Source: nagbibigay">nagbíbigay</span> syà naŋ -malalakì ŋ palúgit sa kanya ŋ -kinàkalában. <a id="a60.39" name= -"a60.39"></a>Dáhil sa kalakhàn naŋ maŋa -palúgit na ibinigay nyà ay marámi <a id="a60.40" -name="a60.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>rì ŋ -táo ŋ lumában sa kanyà. Dátapuwat -tuwí nà y sya aŋ nagìŋ <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb62" href="#pb62" name="pb62">62</a>]</span><a id= -"a62.1" name="a62.1"></a>mànanalò. Gayon dìn sa -maŋa pakikipagluksúhan paráti nà ŋ -<a id="a62.2" name="a62.2"></a>syà aŋ -nanànálo.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After a few days the money he had won in bets made up a -large sum. His friends also, who had bet on him, got much money. When -people came to know that he had the power of a deer, they did not want -to run against him. Therefore, so as not to stop winning and making -money, he gave large handicaps to his opponents. The handicaps which he -gave were so great that many people contended with him. Still he always -came out the winner. In jumping-matches also he was always -victorious.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a62.3" name="a62.3"></a>Dátapuwat, -kuŋ malaki màn aŋ kabutíha ŋ -nàkamtan nyà <a id="a62.4" name="a62.4"></a>sa -birtùd na ytò, ay máy-ron dì ŋ -ilà ŋ kahirápan na nàkamtan <span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span class="corr" id="xd21e3833" title= -"Source: syà">nyà</span> dahilan díto. Dahilan -dìn sa kahirápa ŋ itò ay hindí nya -<a id="a62.6" name="a62.6"></a>natagalà ŋ -aŋkinìn hábaŋ búhay nya aŋ -birtùd na iyòn. Dahilàn <a id="a62.7" name= -"a62.7"></a>sa birtùd na iyòn sya y nagìŋ -lubhà ŋ magugulatìn. Aŋ maŋa <a id="a62.8" -name="a62.8"></a>kalabòg, íŋay, at tahòl -naŋ áso kuŋ gabì ay hindí -nagpatúlug sa <a id="a62.9" name="a62.9"></a>kanyà. -Dahilàn sa maŋa íŋay na yitò, kuŋ -natùtúlug sya ay <a id="a62.10" name= -"a62.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>palági ŋ -nàpàpaluksò. Lálù na, kuŋ isa -ŋ tahòl naŋ áso, halimbáwaʾ, <a id= -"a62.11" name="a62.11"></a>aŋ makàgísiŋ sa -kanyà, sya y nàpàpaluksò naŋ -lubhà ŋ <a id="a62.12" name="a62.12"></a>mataàs sa -kanyà ŋ hihigàn, at bágo sya -pagsa-ulàn naŋ saríle, <a id="a62.13" name= -"a62.13"></a>ay nagtàtatakbò na syà. Sa pagluksu -nyà ŋ itò na hindí sinásadyaʾ -<a id="a62.14" name="a62.14"></a>ay walá sya ŋ -nagígiŋ pagiíŋat at karanyúwa y -umáabot <a id="a62.15" name="a62.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>syà sa ituktòk naŋ -bubuŋàn, at sa kababáan nitò y lági -ŋ nalálamog <a id="a62.16" name="a62.16"></a>aŋ kanya -ŋ katawàn o kayà y nagkàkabúkul -syà sa úlo, <a id="a62.17" name= -"a62.17"></a>dahilàn sa pagkáhampas nyà sa -bubuŋàn. Gayon dìn sa kanya ŋ <a id="a62.18" -name="a62.18"></a>hindí sinásadya ŋ pagtakbò -pagkágisiŋ nyà dahilàn sa -pagkàgúlat, <a id="a62.19" name="a62.19"></a>ay -nagkàkaumpòg-umpòg aŋ boò ŋ -katawan nyà sa maŋa <a id="a62.20" name= -"a62.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>dindìŋ naŋ -kanya ŋ báhay.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">However, though the advantages which he gained through -this power were great, yet there were also some disadvantages which he -obtained through it. On account of these disadvantages he did not -manage to keep this power as his own through all his life. Through this -power he had become very nervous. The sounds of falling bodies, noises, -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb63" href="#pb63" name= -"pb63">63</a>]</span>and the barking of dogs at night, did not allow -him to sleep. These noises often made him start up with a jump from his -sleep. Especially when the barking of a dog, for instance, woke him up, -he jumped high up from his bed, and before he recovered his wits he was -running at full speed. He could exercise no care about his involuntary -jumping up and usually went way up to the ceiling, and, since this was -low, his body got full of bruises and his head full of bumps from -striking against the ceiling. Likewise in his unintentional running -whenever he woke up with a start, his whole body got knocked again and -again against the walls of his house.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a62.21" name="a62.21"></a>Itò y isà -ŋ mahírap na tìísin, at inakálà -nya ŋ hindí sya <a id="a62.22" name= -"a62.22"></a>mabùbúhay nà ŋ malwàt -dahilàn sa hindí pagkàkatúlog kuŋ -gabì. <a id="a62.23" name="a62.23"></a>Kanyá -inakálà nya ŋ itápon aŋ birtùd na -ytò pagkaraàn naŋ <a id="a62.24" name= -"a62.24"></a>ilà ŋ áraw. Naŋ sumápit -aŋ ikapitù ŋ áraw naŋ kanya ŋ -pagaáreʾ <a id="a62.25" name="a62.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>sa birtùd ay sya y lubhà ŋ hirap -nà at inakálà nya ŋ sya <a id="a62.26" name= -"a62.26"></a>y mamámatay nà sa hírap. Aŋ -úlu nya ay bukulàn. Aŋ mukhá <a id="a62.27" -name="a62.27"></a>nya ay marámi ŋ pasàʾ at -káhit na hindí sya nabalían naŋ butò, -<a id="a62.28" name="a62.28"></a>aŋ maŋa lamàn -namàn nya ay lubhà ŋ lamòg.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">This was hard to bear, and he thought that he should not -live long, what with not sleeping of nights. Therefore he decided to -get rid of this power in a few days. When the seventh day of his -possession of the power came, he was very sore and thought he should -die of soreness. His head was covered with bumps. His face was full of -black and blue marks, and though he had broken no bones, his muscles -were badly bruised.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a62.29" name="a62.29"></a>Dáhil -díto y walà ŋ kibú sya ŋ naparoòn -sa isa ŋ páraŋ at <a id="a62.30" name= -"a62.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>itinápon nya -doòn aŋ birtùd na nàpúlut nya, -yámaŋ marámi na rìn lámaŋ siya -ŋ salapì ŋ pinanalúnan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Therefore, without saying a word, he went to a forest -and there abandoned the power which he had got hold of, seeing that he -had already won much money.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s17" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a62.32" name="a62.32"></a><span class= -"divNum">17.</span> Aŋ alíla ŋ -uŋgòʾ.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">17.</span> The pet monkey.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first">Siy Andrès ay máy-roo ŋ isa -ŋ alíla ŋ uŋgò na kanyà ŋ -lubhà <a id="a62.34" name="a62.34"></a>ŋ -minámahàl, sapagkàt aŋ uŋgu ŋ -itò y nagbíbigay sa kanyà naŋ <a id="a62.35" -name="a62.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>malakì ŋ -serbísyo. Kuŋ gabì ipinaglàlátag sya -naŋ banìg naŋ <a id="a62.36" name= -"a62.36"></a>uŋgo ŋ itò; kuŋ umága ay -iniháhandàʾ aŋ kanyà ŋ -paŋhilámos, <a id="a62.37" name="a62.37"></a>at aŋ ano -mà ŋ kanya ŋ iyútos ay sinúsunod -naŋ uŋgòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Andrés had a pet monkey which he prized -very highly, because this monkey gave him much service. At night the -monkey spread out his sleeping-mat for him; in the morning it handed -him his water for washing, and whatever order he gave was obeyed by the -monkey.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a62.38" name="a62.38"></a>Gabì-gabì -aŋ uŋgu ŋ itò y natùtúlog sa -ilálim naŋ kátri ŋ <a id="a62.39" name= -"a62.39"></a>tinùtulúgan naŋ kanya ŋ -paŋinoòn. Itò y hindí gustò naŋ -kanya <span class="lineNum">40</span>ŋ paŋinoòn, -sapagkàt, dahilàn sa kanya ŋ malakì ŋ -kabuluhàn, ay íbig ni Andrès na syà y -bigyàn naŋ isa ŋ mabúte ŋ lugàr na -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb64" href="#pb64" name= -"pb64">64</a>]</span><a id="a64.1" name="a64.1"></a>tulugàn. -Dátapuwat, káhit na gánu ŋ pagpílit -aŋ gawìn ni Andrès, <a id="a64.2" name= -"a64.2"></a>ay hindí nya mapatúlog sa ibà ŋ -lugàr aŋ kanya ŋ alíla ŋ -uŋgòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Every night this monkey slept underneath the bedstead on -which its master slept. This was not pleasing to the latter, for owing -to its great value, Andrés wanted to give it a good place to -sleep in. However, no matter what efforts Andrés made to force -it, his pet monkey <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb65" href="#pb65" -name="pb65">65</a>]</span>could not be brought to sleep in any other -place.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a64.4" name="a64.4"></a>Siy Andrès ay isa -ŋ táwu ŋ may tákot at pagíbig sa -Dyòs. <a id="a64.5" name="a64.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Kanyá gabi-gabì bágu sya -matúlog ay nagkúkurus syà at -tumàtáwag <a id="a64.6" name="a64.6"></a>sya sa -Dyòs. Sa óras naŋ kanya ŋ paghigà -gabi-gabì ay <a id="a64.7" name="a64.7"></a>dinàratnan -nà nyà na nása ilálim naŋ kanya ŋ -kátri aŋ uŋgòʾ. <a id="a64.8" name= -"a64.8"></a>Mínsan màn ay hindí sya náuna -sa paghigàʾ sa uŋgu ŋ itò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Andrés was a man who feared and loved God. -Therefore, every night, before he went to sleep, he made the Sign of -the Cross and called upon God. At his bed-time every night he found -that his monkey was already under his bedstead. Not once did he get -ahead of the monkey in going to bed.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a64.9" name="a64.9"></a>Isa ŋ áraw -aŋ párì sa báyan ay dumálaw kay -Andrès sa <a id="a64.10" name="a64.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>kanya ŋ báhay. Pagkaraàn naŋ -ilà ŋ sandalì ŋ pagsasàlitáan ay -ibinalítà niy Andrès sa páreʾ na sya y -máy-roo ŋ isà ŋ alíla ŋ <a id= -"a64.12" name="a64.12"></a>uŋgò na lubhà ŋ -malakì aŋ kabuluhàn, sapagkàt sya y -pinagsìsilbihà <a id="a64.13" name="a64.13"></a>ŋ -mabúte, at káhit na anò aŋ iyútos nya -ay sinúsunod, at <a id="a64.14" name="a64.14"></a>sinábi -pa nyà ŋ masípag pa káy sa maŋa iba -nyà ŋ alílaʾ aŋ uŋgo <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>ŋ iyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One day the priest of the town visited Andrés in -his house. After some time had elapsed in conversation, Andrés -told the priest that he had a pet monkey which was very useful, because -it served him well and obeyed his every command, and he also said that -this monkey was more <span class="corr" id="xd21e7953" title= -"Source: dilligent">diligent</span> than his other servants.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a64.16" name="a64.16"></a>Malakì aŋ -nagìŋ pagtatakà naŋ páreʾ, at -hiniliŋ nyà ŋ ipakíta sa kanyà aŋ -uŋgò ŋ iyòn. Kanyá tináwag ny -Andrès aŋ <a id="a64.18" name= -"a64.18"></a>uŋgòʾ. Hindí gáya naŋ -dáti, na sa isà ŋ táwag lámaŋ niy -Andrès <a id="a64.19" name="a64.19"></a>ay -lumàlápit agad-agàd aŋ -uŋgòʾ, ŋayòn makása-m-pu ŋ -táwag <span class="lineNum">20</span>nà ay walá pa -syà. Siy Andrès ay nagálit, nagtindìg, at -hinánap <a id="a64.21" name="a64.21"></a>nya sa maŋa -sulok-sulòk naŋ báhay aŋ -uŋgòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The priest was much surprised and asked that the monkey -be shown to him. So Andrés called the monkey. Usually the monkey -came at once at a single call by Andrés, but on this occasion it -did not appear even when he had called ten times. Andrés got -angry, arose, and looked for the monkey in the nooks and corners of the -house.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a64.22" name="a64.22"></a>Ito y -nàkíta nya sa isa ŋ súlok at nakakápit -na mabúte sa <a id="a64.23" name="a64.23"></a>isa ŋ -halíge. Tináwag nya at kanya ŋ pinaáalis sa -súlok, dátapuwat aŋ uŋgò y áyaw -umalìs doòn, káhit na anò aŋ -gawìn sa <span class="lineNum">25</span>kanyà. -Dáhil díto ay tináwag nya aŋ -páreʾ, úpaŋ itò y doòn <a id= -"a64.26" name="a64.26"></a>tiŋnàn sa súlok aŋ -alílà nya ŋ uŋgòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He found it in a corner, clinging tightly to a post. He -called it and tried to get it out of the corner, but the monkey would -not come away, no matter what Andrés did to it. Therefore he -called the priest to look at his pet monkey there in the corner.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a64.27" name="a64.27"></a>Pagkálapit -naŋ páreʾ aŋ uŋgò y kuminìg sa -tákot. Nagkaroòn naŋ hinálà aŋ -párèʾ na aŋ uŋgù ŋ iyòn -ay isà ŋ dimónyo. Kanyàʾ <a id="a64.29" -name="a64.29"></a>aŋ ginawá nya y nagkurùs sya at -pagkabendisyòn nya naŋ kauntì <a id="a64.30" name= -"a64.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>ŋ túbig ay -niwisikàn nya aŋ uŋgòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">At the approach of the priest the monkey trembled with -fear. The priest conceived the suspicion that this monkey was an evil -spirit. So he made the Sign of the Cross, and blessing a little water, -sprinkled it over the monkey.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a64.31" name="a64.31"></a>Pagdápoʾ sa -katawàn nitò naŋ túbig ay pumutòk na -pára ŋ isa ŋ barìl, at sa lugàr naŋ -uŋgòʾ ay walá silà ŋ -nàkíta kuŋ hindí <a id="a64.33" name= -"a64.33"></a>asu lámaŋ na agàd -nawalàʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the water struck the latter’s body, there was -a report like that of a gun, and in the place of the monkey they saw -only some smoke, which soon disappeared.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a64.34" name="a64.34"></a>Pagkaraàn -nitò siniyásat naŋ páre si Andrès -tuŋkùl sa kanya <a id="a64.35" name= -"a64.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>ŋ paniniwála sa -Diyòs. Sinábi ny Andrès na hindí -nabàbágo aŋ <a id="a64.36" name= -"a64.36"></a>matíbay nya ŋ paniniwálaʾ at -gabi-gabì nagdádasal syà bágo <a id= -"a64.37" name="a64.37"></a>matúlog. Siniyásat dìn -naŋ páreʾ kuŋ saàn tumùtúlog -aŋ uŋgòʾ. <a id="a64.38" name= -"a64.38"></a>Sinábe ni Andrès na itò y -tumúlog gabi-gabì sa ilàlim naŋ kanyà -ŋ kátri ŋ tulugàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Thereupon the priest questioned Andrés concerning -his faith in God. Andrés said that his firm faith had not -changed and that he prayed every night before going to sleep. The -priest then asked where the monkey used to sleep. Andrés -answered that it slept every night under his bedstead.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a64.40" name="a64.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Pagkaraàn nitò y ipinakilála sa -kanyà naŋ páreʾ na aŋ uŋgù -<a id="a64.41" name="a64.41"></a>ŋ iyòn ay isà -ŋ dimónyo na umáabàŋ sa kanyà, at -kuŋ syà y <a id="a64.42" name="a64.42"></a>sumála -naŋ pagtáwag sa Diyòs bágu matúlog, sa -gabì di ŋ iyòn <a id="a64.43" name="a64.43"></a>ay -ihùhúlug sya naŋ dimónyo sa infyèrno. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb66" href="#pb66" name= -"pb66">66</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Thereupon the priest informed him that this monkey was -an evil spirit which had been lying in wait for him, and that if he had -ever failed to call upon God before he went to sleep, on that very -night the evil spirit would have thrown him into Hell. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb67" href="#pb67" name="pb67">67</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s18" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a66.1" name="a66.1"></a><span class= -"divNum">18.</span> Aŋ matandá sa punsò sa -liwánag naŋ áraw.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">18.</span> The old man of the -ant-hill by light of day.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a66.2" name="a66.2"></a>Si Pédro ay -isà ŋ matápaŋ na laláke. Paráti -sya ŋ nakárinig <a id="a66.3" name="a66.3"></a>naŋ -maŋa kwènto tuŋkùl sa asuwàŋ, -duwèndi, maŋkukúlam, <a id="a66.4" name= -"a66.4"></a>at maŋà matandá sa punsò, -dátapuwat aŋ ipinagtátakà ni Pédro -<a id="a66.5" name="a66.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>ay -kuŋ bákit hindí sya makátagpo nì -káhit isà naŋ maŋà bágay <a id= -"a66.6" name="a66.6"></a>na itò. Íbig niya ŋ -makàkíta naŋ isa man lámaŋ sa -kanilà, úpaŋ <a id="a66.7" name= -"a66.7"></a>màláman nya kuŋ túnay -ŋàʾ na silà y máy-roo ŋ maŋa -kapaŋyaríha ŋ hindí karanyúwan sa -karamíhan naŋ táo.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Pedro was a brave man. He had often heard stories -about vampires, dwarves, sorcerers, and old men of the ant-hill, but -what made Pedro wonder was why he had never chanced to meet even a -single one of these creatures. He wanted to get a sight of at least one -of them, so that he might know whether it was true that they had powers -not common to most persons.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a66.9" name="a66.9"></a>Sya y -naglálakàd na isa ŋ gabì sa isà ŋ -lugàr na madilìm <span class="lineNum">10</span>at -pinagkàkatakutàn, sapagkàt díto y -marámi ŋ nakàkíta naŋ matandá sa -punsò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One night he walked about in a dark and haunted place, -because he had heard that many people had there seen an old man of the -ant-hill.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a66.12" name="a66.12"></a>Aŋ tabáko -naŋ matanda ŋ itò y nakatàtákot aŋ -lakì, at kuŋ <a id="a66.13" name="a66.13"></a>itò y -hititin nyà aŋ liwánag na -naŋyàyári ay pára ŋ liwánag -naŋ isà ŋ sigàʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The cigar of such an old man is of terrifying size, and -when he draws at it, the light given forth is like the light of a -bonfire.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a66.15" name="a66.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Sa gabi ŋ iyòn sa kanyà ŋ -paglalakàd maláyù pa syà y -nakàkíta <a id="a66.16" name="a66.16"></a>na syà -naŋ isà ŋ liyàb. Aŋ buhuk nyà y -nagsitindìg at <a id="a66.17" name= -"a66.17"></a>inakálà nya ŋ bumalìk, -dátapuwat nàpigílan nya aŋ kanyà -ŋ <a id="a66.18" name="a66.18"></a>tákot at -ipinatúloy din nyà aŋ kanya ŋ -paglákad.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">On this night he had gone some distance on his ramble, -when he saw a flare of light. His hair stood on end and he thought of -going back, but he overcame his fear and continued on his -walk<span class="corr" id="xd21e7982" title="Source: ,">.</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a66.19" name="a66.19"></a>Sya y -sinalúboŋ naŋ nagtàtabáko. -Pagkálapit nya y inanínaw <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>nya aŋ katawàn naŋ matandà -ŋ iyòn, dátapuwat hindí rin <a id="a66.21" -name="a66.21"></a>nasyahàn aŋ kanya ŋ -pagsisyásat, kanya iníbig nya ŋ màkíta -sa <a id="a66.22" name="a66.22"></a>síkat naŋ áraw -aŋ matandà ŋ iyòn. Úpaŋ itù -y maŋyári dápat <a id="a66.23" name="a66.23"></a>nya -ŋ pigílin aŋ matandàʾ, sapagkàt -aŋ maŋa ispíritu ŋ itò ay <a id="a66.24" -name="a66.24"></a>bumábalik sa kanilà ŋ -tàhánan sa impyèrno o iba pa mà ŋ -lugàr <a id="a66.25" name="a66.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>sa paglápit naŋ umága.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He was met by the smoker. When he approached, Pedro -examined the old man’s figure, but as he did not succeed in -gratifying his curiosity, he was taken with the desire of seeing the -old man by daylight. To bring this about, he would have to hold the old -man fast, for these spirits return to their abode in Hell or some other -place of the kind as soon as morning comes.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a66.26" name="a66.26"></a>Kanyàʾ -aŋ ginawá nya y hinawákan nya agàd aŋ -matandàʾ. <a id="a66.27" name="a66.27"></a>Ito y -nakipagbunò sa kanyà. Kuŋ mínsan sya y -nása ilálim, kuŋ <a id="a66.28" name= -"a66.28"></a>mínsan sya y nása ibábaw, -dátapwat hindí nya pinakawalàn aŋ <a id= -"a66.29" name="a66.29"></a>matandàʾ. Mahigpìt na -mahigpìt aŋ kanya ŋ kápit at tinalaga <a id= -"a66.30" name="a66.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>nyà -ŋ sumáma káhit na saàn sya dalhìn -naŋ matandà kuŋ itò y malakàs káy -sa kanyà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Therefore what he did was suddenly to seize hold of the -old man. The latter began to wrestle with him. Sometimes Pedro was -below, sometimes he was on top, but he did not let go of the old man. -He held him as tightly as possible and made up his mind that he would -follow no matter where the old man bore him, should the latter prove -stronger than he.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a66.32" name="a66.32"></a>Silà y -nagbunò haŋgàŋ alastrès. Si Pédro -sa óras na itò ay <a id="a66.33" name= -"a66.33"></a>pagòd na pagod nà at malakì aŋ -paŋlalatàʾ, dátapuwat hindí rin <a id= -"a66.34" name="a66.34"></a>nya binitáwan aŋ kanyà -ŋ kabunòʾ. Naŋ magàalaskwàtru -nà ay <a id="a66.35" name="a66.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>naglubày naŋ pagkílos aŋ -kanya ŋ háwak. Naŋ makaraàn aŋ <a id= -"a66.36" name="a66.36"></a>kalaháti-ŋ-óras aŋ -sínag naŋ áraw ay nagumpisa nà naŋ -pagtaŋlàw <a id="a66.37" name="a66.37"></a>sa -kanilà, dátapuwat hindí pa rìn lubhà -ŋ maliwánag <a id="a66.38" name= -"a66.38"></a>úpaŋ màpagkilála ni Pédro -kuŋ anò aŋ kanyà ŋ táŋan. -Naŋ dumatìŋ aŋ alasìŋko ay malaki -nyà ŋ pagkámaŋhaʾ, naŋ -màkíta <a id="a66.40" name="a66.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>nya ŋ sya y nààákap sa -isà ŋ halígi ŋ hindí lubhà ŋ -mataàs káy <a id="a66.41" name="a66.41"></a>sa -kanyà, dátapuwat nàtùtúlus sa -lúpà at sunòg na sunòg. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb68" href="#pb68" name="pb68">68</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">They wrestled till three o’clock. By this time -Pedro was as tired as can be and ready to sink to the ground, but he -did not let go of his fellow-wrestler. When four o’clock came his -opponent ceased to move. When another half hour had passed, the rays of -the sun began to fall upon them, but it was not yet light enough for -Pedro to make out what sort of thing it was he had hold of. When five -o’clock came, he was greatly surprised to see that he was -embracing a post which was not much higher than he. It was, however, -firmly fixed in the ground and completely charred. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb69" href="#pb69" name="pb69">69</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s19" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a68.1" name="a68.1"></a><span class= -"divNum">19.</span> Aŋ tiyának ni Hwàn.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">19.</span> Juan’s -goblin.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a68.2" name="a68.2"></a>Isa ŋ -gabè si Hwàn ay tumawìd sa ílog sa kanya -ŋ paglilibòt. <a id="a68.3" name="a68.3"></a>Naŋ sya y -nása pasígan pa lámaŋ, nakáramdam -syà naŋ sábuy <a id="a68.4" name= -"a68.4"></a>naŋ buháŋin sa kanya ŋ likòd, -naŋ sya y mátuntuŋ nà sa <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>kabuhaŋínan.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a68.6" name="a68.6"></a>Naŋ úna -ŋ gabè itò y hindí nya ininò. Naŋ -ikalawà ŋ gabè, <a id="a68.7" name= -"a68.7"></a>naŋ magdaàn sya ŋ ulè sa -pasíga ŋ itò, nakáramdam sya ŋ -mulí <a id="a68.8" name="a68.8"></a>naŋ sábuy -naŋ buháŋin sa kanya ŋ likòd. -Inakálà nya ŋ subúkan <a id="a68.9" name= -"a68.9"></a>at hulíhin aŋ nagsàsábuy sa -kanyà naŋ buháŋin, kanyàʾ sa <a id= -"a68.10" name="a68.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>kanya ŋ -paglákad ay pamínsan-mínsan sya ŋ -pumìpíhit na pabiglàʾ <a id="a68.11" name= -"a68.11"></a>sa kanya ŋ likuràn, dátapwat -walá sya ŋ màkíta káhit na -anò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">One night Juan while rambling about, crossed a -river. While he was still on the bank and just walking on the sandy -beach, he felt some sand being showered on his back. He thought he -would watch for the person who was throwing sand on him and catch him, -so, while walking, he kept turning suddenly right about at short -intervals, but he saw nothing.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Dáhil díto y <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e4203" title="Source: siniglan">siniglàn</span> siya -naŋ kaunti ŋ tákot at inakálà nya <a id= -"a68.14" name="a68.14"></a>ŋ baká kuŋ anù -ŋ matandá sa punsò o tiyának aŋ kanya -ŋ nàkàkatúŋo. <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Kanyáʾ tinulínan nya aŋ -pagtakbò, dátapuwat hábaŋ <a id="a68.16" -name="a68.16"></a>nagtùtúlin sya ay lálu -namà ŋ dumádalas aŋ pagdápù -naŋ buháŋin sa kanya ŋ likòd. -Lumakì aŋ kanya ŋ tákot at dáhil -díto y <a id="a68.18" name="a68.18"></a>bumalik syà sa -kanya ŋ báhay na patakbò naŋ -úbus-lakàs.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">This frightened him a little, and he began to wonder if -he was not perhaps dealing with some old man of the ant-hill or some -goblin. Therefore he hastened his running, but the faster he went, the -more frequent grew the striking of sand on his back. His fear increased -and he returned home running with all his might.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a68.19" name="a68.19"></a>Naŋ -dumatìŋ sya doòn ay hinàhábul nya -aŋ kanya ŋ hiniŋà <a id="a68.20" name= -"a68.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>at hindí sya -makaúsap. Naŋ sya y makapaghiŋa nà naŋ -kauntèʾ <a id="a68.21" name="a68.21"></a>ay saká pa -lámaŋ sya nakasagòt sa marámi ŋ -maŋa tanòŋ naŋ <a id="a68.22" name= -"a68.22"></a>kanya ŋ amà at iba pà ŋ -kasa-ŋ-bahày. Sinábi nya sa kanya ŋ <a id= -"a68.23" name="a68.23"></a>amà na sya y sinùsundàn -naŋ maŋa dwènde sa kanya ŋ paglalakàd -<a id="a68.24" name="a68.24"></a>at sinàsabúyan sya -naŋ buháŋin.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When he got there he was out of breath and unable to -speak. It was only when he had rested a while that he was able to -answer the many questions of his father and the other members of the -household. He told his father that he had been pursued by dwarves on -his walk and showered with sand.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>Itinanòŋ -naŋ kanya ŋ amà kuŋ saàn aŋ -lugàr na iyòn at <a id="a68.26" name= -"a68.26"></a>sinábi nya ŋ sa pasígan naŋ -ílog. Aŋ kanya ŋ amà ay -nápahalakhàk <a id="a68.27" name="a68.27"></a>naŋ -táwa at sinábi nya ŋ iyòn ay hindí -dwènde, dátapuwat <a id="a68.28" name= -"a68.28"></a>aŋ kanyà lámaŋ paà aŋ -nagtátaŋày naŋ buháŋin sa kanya -<a id="a68.29" name="a68.29"></a>ŋ likòd sa báwat -kanya ŋ paghakbàŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">His father asked him where the scene of this was, and he -said on the bank of the river. His father burst into peals of laughter -and said that these were no dwarves, but only his own feet, which sent -the sand up on his back at every stride he made.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>Dátapuwat si -Hwàn ay áyaw maniwálaʾ at máy ila -ŋ áraw na hindí sya nanáog naŋ -báhay. Dáhil díto y iníbig naŋ kanya -<a id="a68.32" name="a68.32"></a>ŋ amà na -màipakilála sa kanyà aŋ katotohánan -naŋ kanya ŋ sinábe, at isa ŋ gabè ay -sinábi nya kay Hwàn na sya y magpasyàl <a id= -"a68.34" name="a68.34"></a>at magdaàn sa lugàr di ŋ -iyòn at sya y kanyà ŋ sàsamáhan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">But Juan refused to believe this, and for several days -he did not leave the house. His father therefore wanted to show him the -truth of what he had said, so one night he told Juan to go for a walk -to that same place, and he would accompany him.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>Pumáyag si -Hwàn at sila ŋ dalawà y naparoòn sa -pasígan. <a id="a68.36" name="a68.36"></a>Naŋ -dumatìŋ na sila doòn ay nagpahúle aŋ ama -ni Hwàn. Naŋ itu namàn ay naglálakad -nà sa kabuhaŋínan at naŋ sya y -nakáramdam naŋ sábuy naŋ buháŋin sa -likòd, siniglàn sya ŋ mulí <a id="a68.39" -name="a68.39"></a>naŋ tákot at isinigàw nya sa kanya -ŋ amà na nagumpisa nà naŋ <a id="a68.40" name= -"a68.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>pagsábuy naŋ -buháŋin sa kanya ŋ likòd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan consented and they both went to the river-bank. -When they got there, Juan’s father dropped behind. When Juan -walked on the sandy beach and felt the sprinkling of sand on his back, -he was again filled with terror and shouted to his father that they -were already starting to throw sand on his back.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a68.41" name="a68.41"></a>Pinabalìk nya si -Hwàn at kanya ŋ pinalákad na mulèʾ. -Ŋayòn ay sinùsundan nyà sa likuràn. -Dáhil díto y nàkíta naŋ <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb70" href="#pb70" name="pb70">70</a>]</span><a id= -"a70.1" name="a70.1"></a>ama ni Hwàn na twì ŋ sya y -háhakbàŋ aŋ sinélas na soòt nya -ay <a id="a70.2" name="a70.2"></a>nagtátaŋày -naŋ buháŋin, at sa pagaalsà nitò -naŋ paà aŋ buháŋi <a id="a70.3" name= -"a70.3"></a>ŋ taŋày ay napàpasábuy sa -likòd ni Hwàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He made Juan come back and walk on again. This time he -followed at his back. Accordingly Juan’s father saw that every -time Juan took a step, the sandals he was wearing carried along some -sand, and when he raised his foot the sand thus carried along was -sprinkled on his back.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a70.4" name="a70.4"></a>Aŋ ginawá -naŋ kanya ŋ amà ay ipinaalìs aŋ -soòt nya ŋ <a id="a70.5" name="a70.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>sinélas at pinalákad sya ŋ -mulìʾ. Ŋayòn, káhit na gáno -kaláyoʾ <a id="a70.6" name="a70.6"></a>aŋ -lakáran ni Hwàn ay walá na sya ŋ -nàràramdamà ŋ sábuy naŋ -buháŋin sa kanya ŋ likòd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">His father now had him take off the sandals he was -wearing and made him walk on again. This time, no matter how much -ground Juan walked over, he felt no scattering of sand on his back.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a70.8" name="a70.8"></a>Mulá noon ay -nawalàn sya naŋ tákot sa maŋa -matandàʾ, duwènde, asuwàŋ, at iba -pà ŋ pinagkàkatakutàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">From this time on he had no more fear of old men, -dwarves, vampires, and other spooks. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb71" href="#pb71" name="pb71">71</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s20" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a70.10" name="a70.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span><span class="divNum">20.</span> Si Hwà ŋ -maŋlilígaw.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">20.</span> Juan the suitor.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a70.11" name="a70.11"></a>Aŋ -dalága ŋ si Maryà ay balíta naŋ -gandà sa kanya ŋ báriyo. <a id="a70.12" name= -"a70.12"></a>Dátapuwat walà ŋ maŋlilígaw -sa kanyà, líban na lámaŋ kay <a id="a70.13" -name="a70.13"></a>Hwàn. Ŋúnit aŋ amà ni -Maryà ay malakì aŋ pagkáayaw kay <a id= -"a70.14" name="a70.14"></a>Hwàn. Hindí -màkaúsap ni Hwàn aŋ nilìligáwan -kuŋ hindí palihìm, <a id="a70.15" name= -"a70.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>sapagkàt pag -nàláman naŋ amà ni Maryà, itò y -sinàsaktan <a id="a70.16" name="a70.16"></a>silà -kápwaʾ sa pamamagítan naŋ -pamálòʾ. Kuŋ mìnsan at malakì -<a id="a70.17" name="a70.17"></a>aŋ gálit naŋ -amà ay bambò aŋ ginàgámit nya kay -Hwàn, at sa <a id="a70.18" name="a70.18"></a>ganitò y -malápit sya ŋ mabalían naŋ butò -káylan man at sila y <a id="a70.19" name= -"a70.19"></a>màhúli sa paguúsap.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Young Maria was famed for beauty in her district. -She had no suitors, however, except only Juan. But Maria’s father -had a great dislike for Juan. Juan could converse with the girl he was -courting only in secret, for when Maria’s father knew of it, he -would punish them both with his stick.</p> -<p class="par">Sometimes, when the father’s anger was great, he -used a club on Juan, so that he was in danger of getting his bones -broken whenever they were caught talking together.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a70.20" name="a70.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Isa ŋ gabì ŋ madilìm aŋ -amà ni Mariyà ay naglibòt. Naŋ <a id="a70.21" -name="a70.21"></a>itò y màláman ni Hwàn -pinarunàn nya si Mariyà úpaŋ kausápin. -<a id="a70.22" name="a70.22"></a>Nalibàŋ sila sa -paguúsap, kanyá sila y dinatnàn naŋ -amà ni <a id="a70.23" name="a70.23"></a>Maryà sa kanya -ŋ pagwèʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One dark night Maria’s father had gone out. When -Juan found this out, he went to Maria’s to talk with her. They -forgot themselves in their conversation, and so were surprised by -Maria’s father on his return.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a70.24" name="a70.24"></a>Siniglàn sya -agàd naŋ gálit at pasigàw nya ŋ -kinaúsap si <a id="a70.25" name="a70.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Hwàn: “Anu kà, salbáhe? -Sinábi ku nà sa iyò ŋ hwag kà ŋ -<a id="a70.26" name="a70.26"></a>tútuntoŋ díto sa -áki ŋ pamamáhay. Ano aŋ íbig mo t -nàrìrito kà?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He was at once filled with anger and in a loud voice -addressed Juan: “What do you want, you brute? I’ve told you -not to set foot in my house here. What do you mean by coming -here?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a70.28" name="a70.28"></a>At pagkasábe -nitò y sinuŋgabàn nya aŋ isa ŋ -bisìg naŋ kawáyan <a id="a70.29" name= -"a70.29"></a>at inakmaàn nya ŋ bambuhìn si -Hwàn. Sa malaki ŋ tákot <a id="a70.30" name= -"a70.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>nitò ay -nagtalòn sya sa bintánàʾ, dátapuwat -sinundàn din syà naŋ amà. Kanyá -aŋ ginawá nya y tumakbò sya naŋ -úbus-lakàs.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">And when he had said this he seized a bamboo cane and -made ready to give Juan a caning. In his terror the latter jumped out -of the window, but he was followed by the father. So he took to running -with all his might.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a70.32" name="a70.32"></a>Aŋ gabì ay -madilìm na pára ŋ úliŋ, at hindí -nya màtumpakàn kuŋ saàn aŋ -parunàn, dátapuwat patúloy rin sya naŋ -pagtakbò. <a id="a70.34" name= -"a70.34"></a>Nagkaŋdadápà sya sa pagtakbò, -dátapwat maligsi syà ŋ <a id="a70.35" name= -"a70.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>nagbàbáŋon at patúluy din -sa pagtakbò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The night was dark as coal and he could not make out -which way to go, but he kept running nevertheless. He fell on his face -again and again as he ran, but he got up quickly and kept on -running.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a70.36" name="a70.36"></a>Hindí -naláon at nakádaan sya naŋ isà ŋ -malakì at maitìm <a id="a70.37" name="a70.37"></a>na -bágay. Nàkilála nya ŋ iyòn ay isa -ŋ kalabàw, kanyá sya y <a id="a70.38" name= -"a70.38"></a>lumundàg agàd sa likòd nitò, -at kanya ŋ pinatakbò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">It was not long before he came upon a large black -object. He recognized it as a <span class="corr" id="xd21e8035" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span>, so he leaped quickly on its back and -made it run.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a70.39" name="a70.39"></a>Aŋ pagsakày -sa kalabàw ay hindí lubhà ŋ mahírap sa -kalapáran <a id="a70.40" name="a70.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>naŋ likòd nitò at sa -kahináan naŋ takbò. Kanyàʾ, káhit -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb72" href="#pb72" name= -"pb72">72</a>]</span><a id="a72.1" name="a72.1"></a>na walà -ŋ pamitìk si Hwàn ay dí natákot na -sumakày. Sa kadilimàn <a id="a72.2" name= -"a72.2"></a>naŋ gabì sa kanya ŋ pagsakày ay -naŋyári ŋ náharap sya sa <a id="a72.3" name= -"a72.3"></a>buntútan naŋ kalabàw at hindí sa -uluhàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Riding on a <span class="corr" id="xd21e8040" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> is not very difficult, owing to the -breadth of its back and the slowness of its pace. Therefore, even -though he had no reins, Juan was not afraid to ride. Owing to the -darkness of the night it happened that in his mounting he faced the -tail-end of the <span class="corr" id="xd21e8043" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> and not the head.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a72.4" name="a72.4"></a>Pinatúlin nya -aŋ kalabàw. Naŋyári namà ŋ aŋ -kalabàw na <a id="a72.5" name="a72.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>itò ay árì naŋ amà -ni Maryà. Hindí nalaúnan at nakátanaw sya -<a id="a72.6" name="a72.6"></a>naŋ báhay na maílaw -sa pinatùtuŋúhan naŋ kalabàw. Aŋ -boò <a id="a72.7" name="a72.7"></a>ŋ ása nyà -aŋ báhay na iyòn ay sa kanya ŋ -kápit-báhay. Kanyá <a id="a72.8" name= -"a72.8"></a>bumabá sya sa kalabàw at patakbo syà -ŋ pumanhìk sa báhay.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He urged on the <span class="corr" id="xd21e8048" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span>. Now it happened that this -<span class="corr" id="xd21e8051" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> was <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb73" href="#pb73" name="pb73">73</a>]</span>owned by Maria’s -father. It was not long before Juan saw a lighted house in the -direction toward which the <span class="corr" id="xd21e8056" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> was going. He confidently expected -that this house was his neighbor’s. Therefore he got down from -the <span class="corr" id="xd21e8059" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> and went up into the house on the -run.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a72.9" name="a72.9"></a>Malakì aŋ -nagìŋ pagkalitò nya at pagkatákot naŋ -pagkápanhik <a id="a72.10" name="a72.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>nya y sinalúboŋ sya naŋ amà -ni Maryà, at binambò sya sa <a id="a72.11" name= -"a72.11"></a>katawàn at sinábi: “Anò t -nagbalìk ka pà? Hindí ba pinaláyas <a id= -"a72.12" name="a72.12"></a>na kità, wala ŋ <span class= -"corr" id="xd21e4426" title= -"Source: hyà">hyàʾ</span>?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Great was his surprise and terror when, upon entering, -he was met by Maria’s father and beaten all over his body and -addressed: “What have you come back for? Haven’t I got rid -of you yet, you shameless rascal?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a72.13" name="a72.13"></a>Naŋ -pagsa-ulàn si Hwàn naŋ kanya ŋ saríli ay -nagtalòn sya <a id="a72.14" name="a72.14"></a>sa batalàn -at tumakbò sya ŋ mulí patúŋo sa kanya -ŋ báhay, <span class="lineNum">15</span>dátapuwat -ŋayò y hindí na sya sumakày sa káhit -anò pa màn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When Juan came to himself he jumped from the porch and -ran toward home, but this time he did not ride on anything.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s21" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">21.</span> Si Mariyà -ŋ marámot.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">21.</span> Maria the miser.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a72.17" name="a72.17"></a>Naŋ -nabùbúhay pa si Mariyà ay nátira syà -sa kanya ŋ maínam <a id="a72.18" name="a72.18"></a>na -báhay sa gitná naŋ isa ŋ maláwak na -bakúran na may <a id="a72.19" name="a72.19"></a>magagandà -ŋ hardìn at maŋa púnu-ŋ-káhoy. Sya -y lubhà ŋ mayáman, <a id="a72.20" name= -"a72.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>kanyàʾ aŋ -búhay nya y isa ŋ panày na kaginhawáhan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">When Maria was still alive, she lived in her -pleasant house in the middle of wide grounds with beautiful gardens and -trees. As she was very rich, her life was one constant pleasure.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Hindí sya nakaratìŋ naŋ -ápat na pu ŋ taòn sa gúlaŋ at sya <a id= -"a72.22" name="a72.22"></a>y namatày. Aŋ lahàt -naŋ kanya ŋ yáman ay hinátì nya sa kanya -<a id="a72.23" name="a72.23"></a>ŋ kapatìd at sa -simbáhan. Hindí nya nàalaála aŋ -mahihírap nya ŋ kakilála at ilà ŋ -kápit-báhay.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">She had not reached the age of forty years, when she -died. All her wealth she divided between her sister and the church. She -did not remember the poor acquaintances and those of her neighbors who -were poor.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a72.25" name="a72.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Aŋ kapatìd na naíwan ay -nagpamísa naŋ sunòd-sunòd sa <a id="a72.26" -name="a72.26"></a>loòb naŋ pito ŋ áraw, -úpaŋ aŋ káluluwa ni Mariyà ay -papasúkin <a id="a72.27" name="a72.27"></a>ni Sam-Pédro -sa pintúan naŋ láŋit.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The sister who was left had a series of masses said -during the seven days after death, so that Maria’s soul might be -admitted by Saint Peter at the gates of heaven.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Naŋ aŋ kanya ŋ kapatìd ay -nabùbúhay pa itò y balíta ŋ <a id= -"a72.29" name="a72.29"></a>balítà sa karamútan. -Siya mìsmo ay bihíra ŋ magpamísa o -magpatúlos <a id="a72.30" name="a72.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>naŋ kandílaʾ. Aŋ maŋa -pulúbi ŋ nagpàpalimòs, kuŋ <a id= -"a72.31" name="a72.31"></a>tumáwag sa kanyà, ay -pinalàláyas nya at hindí -nilìlimusàn. Kadalasàn <a id="a72.32" name= -"a72.32"></a>ay ipinahàhábul pa nyà sa áso. -Aŋ kanya ŋ maŋa kasamà <a id="a72.33" name= -"a72.33"></a>ay pinapagtàtrabáho nya naŋ walà -ŋ úpa, at kuŋ kanya ŋ pakánin, <a id= -"a72.34" name="a72.34"></a>ay wala ŋ -úlam,—asìn at kánin lámaŋ. Sa -panunúyo sa kanyà <a id="a72.35" name= -"a72.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>naŋ kanya ŋ -maŋa kasamà, twi ŋ silà y -nagsìsiuwèʾ ay nagdádala <a id="a72.36" name= -"a72.36"></a>sila naŋ maŋa manòk, itlòg, -biìk, at maŋa búŋa naŋ gúlay o -haláman, <a id="a72.37" name="a72.37"></a>úpaŋ -ibigày kay Maryà. Aŋ maŋa alaála ŋ -itò ay hindí <a id="a72.38" name="a72.38"></a>nila -ibiníbigay dahilàn sa kanilà ŋ -pagmamahàl kay Maryà, dátapwat <a id="a72.39" -name="a72.39"></a>pára ŋ isa ŋ súhol, -úpaŋ sila y hwag masiyádu ŋ alipustaìn -<a id="a72.40" name="a72.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>sa -kanilà ŋ pagparoòn sa kanya ŋ báhay. -Kuŋ si Maryà namàn <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb74" href="#pb74" name="pb74">74</a>]</span><a id="a74.1" name= -"a74.1"></a>ay lumálabas sa búkid sa kanya ŋ -maŋa kasamà, aŋ báwat màkíta -<a id="a74.2" name="a74.2"></a>nya sa pamamáhay nila na kanya -ŋ màgustuhàn ay kinùkúha nya <a id= -"a74.3" name="a74.3"></a>naŋ wala ŋ kibòʾ at -hindí nya binàbayáran. Kuŋ halimbáwa y -<a id="a74.4" name="a74.4"></a>makàkíta sya sa kanya -ŋ maŋa kasamà naŋ isà ŋ bágu -ŋ yári ŋ <a id="a74.5" name="a74.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>bákol, biláo, bistày, -bayòŋ, banìg, palayòk, lumbò, -sandòk, kalàn, <a id="a74.6" name="a74.6"></a>o iba -pà ŋ kasaŋkápan sa báhay, ay -kinùkúha nyà at ipinadádala <a id="a74.7" -name="a74.7"></a>nyà sa kanya ŋ báhay. Kuŋ -hindí nya magámit aŋ maŋa pinagkúkuha -<a id="a74.8" name="a74.8"></a>nyà ay ipinagbíbili -nyà. Gayon dìn aŋ gawá nya sa maŋa -<a id="a74.9" name="a74.9"></a>háyop naŋ kanya ŋ -maŋa kasamà. Dáhil díto y yumáman sya -ŋ <span class="lineNum">10</span>agàd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When her sister Maria was still alive, she was known far -and wide for her avarice. She herself rarely had masses said or made -offerings of candles. When beggars asking for alms called on her, she -had them driven away and gave them no alms. Often also she had them -chased with dogs. She forced her peons to work without pay, and when -she gave them rations it was without meat or vegetables,—only -boiled rice with salt. To propitiate her, her peons, whenever they went -home, brought chickens, eggs, young pigs, and vegetables or fruits to -give to Maria. They did not make these presents for love of Maria, but -as a kind of bribe, so that they might not be too harshly treated -during their stay in her house. But when Maria went to the country to -her workmen, she appropriated without saying a word and without paying -for it, everything she saw in their house that took her fancy. When, -for instance, she saw at her workmen’s a new basket, tray, sieve, -sack, mat, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb75" href="#pb75" name= -"pb75">75</a>]</span>pot, cup, dipper, brazier, or other household -utensil, she took it and carried it off to her house. When she could -not make use of the things she had taken, she sold them. She acted in -the same way about animals that belonged to her servants. In this way -she had quickly grown rich.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a74.11" name="a74.11"></a>Naŋ sya y -máy-roon nà ŋ tatlu ŋ áraw na -namámatày, aŋ <a id="a74.12" name= -"a74.12"></a>kanyà ŋ kapatìd ay -nàròroòn sa kanyà ŋ báhay at -doòn nagpàpalípas <a id="a74.13" name= -"a74.13"></a>naŋ pagdadalamháteʾ. Isa ŋ -hápun naŋ sya y naglálakad <a id="a74.14" name= -"a74.14"></a>sa hàlamanàn, nátabi syà sa -balòn na nása bakúran. Nàpagúlat -<span class="lineNum">15</span>sya, sapagkàt sa ilálim -naŋ balòn ay may nárinig syà ŋ -tumàtáwag <a id="a74.16" name="a74.16"></a>sa kanya -ŋ paŋálan. Itinuŋu nyà aŋ kanya -ŋ úlo sa balòn at doòn ay lálu ŋ -nárinig nyà ŋ mabúte aŋ pagtáwag, -dátapuwat walá sya ŋ màkíta ŋ -táo na káhit anò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When she had been dead about three days, her sister was -at her house, spending the period of mourning. One evening, when she -was walking in the garden she came to the side of a well that was in -the yard. She was surprised, for from the depth of the well she heard -someone calling her name. She turned her head toward the well and there -she again clearly heard the calling, although she could see nobody -whatever.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a74.19" name="a74.19"></a>Sinábi naŋ -bóses: “Áki ŋ kapatìd, akò ay si -Mariyà. Aŋ <a id="a74.20" name="a74.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>ginawá ku ŋ pamumúhay na -karamútan, kasakimàn, at kalupitàn <a id="a74.21" -name="a74.21"></a>ay áki ŋ pinagbàbayáran -ŋayòn. Akò ay nàrìrinè sa -pàrusahàn <a id="a74.22" name="a74.22"></a>ni -Bathálà sa lahàt naŋ makasalánan. -Kuŋ maàárì ay hwàg mu <a id="a74.23" -name="a74.23"></a>akò ŋ tuláran, at ikaw sána -y humánap naŋ paraàn úpaŋ -maháŋo <a id="a74.24" name="a74.24"></a>mo akò -díto sa kumúkulu ŋ laŋìs na áki -ŋ tìráhan ŋayòn.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The voice said: “My sister, I am Maria. I am -paying now for my life of avarice, selfishness and cruelty. I am here -in the Lord’s place of punishment for all sinners. If it may be, -do not follow my example, but seek some means to save me from the -boiling oil here which is now my place of dwelling.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a74.25" name="a74.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Aŋ kanya ŋ kapatìd ay lubhà -ŋ malakì aŋ nagìŋ pagkahápis, -<a id="a74.26" name="a74.26"></a>at sya y naparoòn agàd -sa páreʾ, úpaŋ ipagtanòŋ kuŋ -papáno aŋ <a id="a74.27" name="a74.27"></a>paraà -ŋ magágawà nyà úpaŋ -maháŋo nya sa infyèrno aŋ kanyà <a id= -"a74.28" name="a74.28"></a>ŋ kapatìd. Ipináyo -naŋ páriʾ na sya y magsadyá sa isa ŋ -báyan <a id="a74.29" name="a74.29"></a>na máy-roo ŋ -laráwan ni Sam-Pédro na milagróso. Aŋ -laráwa ŋ <a id="a74.30" name="a74.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>itò ni Sam-Pédro ay -nakìkipagúsap sa maŋa táo at -naghàhátol <a id="a74.31" name="a74.31"></a>naŋ -sarì-sári ŋ paraàn úpaŋ -makapások sa láŋit. Iyùn aŋ kanya <a id= -"a74.32" name="a74.32"></a>ŋ milágro.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Her sister was much grieved then and went at once to the -priest to ask to what means she could resort to rescue her sister from -Hell. The priest advised her to go to a certain town where there was a -wonder-working image of Saint Peter. This image of Saint Peter talked -with people and advised various means of getting into Heaven. This was -its miracle.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a74.33" name="a74.33"></a>Aŋ kapatìd -ni Maryà ay nagsadyá agad-agàd sa báya -ŋ kinàdòroonàn naŋ Sam-Pédro -ŋ milagróso. Naŋ dumatìŋ sya roòn -at <a id="a74.35" name="a74.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>nakìkipagúsap na syà kay -Sam-Pédro, sinábi nya aŋ lahàt-lahàt. -<a id="a74.36" name="a74.36"></a>Sinábi nya ŋ aŋ -sábi sa kanyà naŋ kanyà ŋ kapatìd -ay aŋ kanya ŋ ginawà ŋ karamútan, -kasakimàn, at kalupitàn ay sya nyà ŋ <a id= -"a74.38" name="a74.38"></a>ikinahúlog sa infyèrno.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Maria’s sister went immediately to the town where -stood the miraculous Saint Peter. When she got there and talked with -Saint Peter, she told him the whole story. She said that her sister had -told her that her avarice, selfishness, and cruelty had caused her to -be thrown into Hell.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a74.39" name="a74.39"></a>“Kuŋ -gayòn,” aŋ wíkà ni Sam-Pédro, -“humánap ka naŋ <a id="a74.40" name= -"a74.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>káhit íisa -ŋ táo, háyop, <span class="corr" id="xd21e4616" -title="Source: a">o</span> haláman na ginawaàn naŋ -iyo ŋ kapatìd <a id="a74.41" name="a74.41"></a>naŋ -isà ŋ kabàítan. Kuŋ ikàw ay -makàkíta nà, bumalik kà ŋ <a id= -"a74.42" name="a74.42"></a>mulí sa ákin, at -bìbigyàn kità naŋ paraà ŋ -ikahàháŋo mo sa hírap sa iyo ŋ -kapatìd.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“In that case,” said Saint Peter, -“find you but one single person, animal, or plant that was the -object of an act of kindness on the part of your sister. When you have -managed to find it, come back to me, and I shall give you a means to -rescue your sister from damnation.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ kapatìd ni Maryà ay umuwí -agàd sa kanila ŋ báyan, at <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb76" href="#pb76" name="pb76">76</a>]</span><a id= -"a76.1" name="a76.1"></a>díto y nagusísà sya sa -lahàt naŋ namàmáyan kuŋ síno -aŋ may <a id="a76.2" name="a76.2"></a>útaŋ na -loòb sa kanya ŋ kapatìd o kayá kuŋ -síno aŋ kanya ŋ <a id="a76.3" name= -"a76.3"></a>ginawàn o pinagsalitaàn naŋ -mabúti. Dátapuwat káhit isà ay <a id= -"a76.4" name="a76.4"></a>walà ŋ makasagòt. Aŋ -maŋa háyop namàn sa maŋa -kápit-báhay <a id="a76.5" name="a76.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>at sa bakúran ni Maryà aŋ kanya -ŋ pinagusisàʾ, dátapuwat walá rin -syà ŋ nàkíta na ginawaàn naŋ -mabúti naŋ kanyà ŋ kapatìd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Maria’s sister went home to their town at once and -there she inquired of all the townspeople which of them owed any debt -of gratitude to her sister, or which of them had been well treated or -kindly spoken to by her. But not one of them was able to answer. The -animals also of the neighbors and on Maria’s own grounds were -interrogated by her, but here she found none that had been done a -kindness by her sister.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ isa ŋ áso ŋ buto t balàt -ay nagsábi sa kanyà: “Isa ŋ <a id="a76.8" -name="a76.8"></a>hápon akò y gutòm na -gutòm. Nakádaan akò sa kanyà ŋ -bakúran <a id="a76.9" name="a76.9"></a>naŋ isa ŋ -butò. Itò y kinagat kò at áki ŋ -dinádala, naŋ màkíta <a id="a76.10" name= -"a76.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>nya akò. -Ipinahábol nya akò ŋ agàd, at naŋ -bitíwan ko aŋ butò itò y ipinabaon nyà -sa lúpaʾ. Iyan bà y isa ŋ -kabàítan?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One dog, a creature of skin and bones, said to her: -“One afternoon I was very hungry. I found a bone in her yard. I -seized it and was carrying it off, when she saw me. She had me chased -at once, and when I dropped the bone she had it buried in the ground. -Was that an act of kindness?” <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb77" -href="#pb77" name="pb77">77</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a76.12" name="a76.12"></a>Lálu ŋ -lumakì aŋ hápis naŋ kapatìd ni -Mariyà at untì-untì <a id="a76.13" name= -"a76.13"></a>ŋ nawáwalà aŋ kanya ŋ -pagása na maháŋo sa hírap aŋ kanya -ŋ <a id="a76.14" name="a76.14"></a>kapatìd. Inumpisahan -nyà ŋ usisáin aŋ maŋa haláman sa -bakúran <a id="a76.15" name="a76.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>naŋ kanya ŋ kapatìd. -Inisa-isà nya ŋ lahàt aŋ maŋa -kalabása, <a id="a76.16" name="a76.16"></a>úpo, -pipíno, síle, milòn, siŋkamàs, -manèʾ, talòŋ, sítaw, at <a id="a76.17" -name="a76.17"></a>sibúyas, báwaŋ, at iba pà -ŋ gúlay. Sa kanilà y walá sya ŋ -nàkíta <a id="a76.18" name="a76.18"></a>naŋ kanya -ŋ hinàhánap. Isinunòd namàn nyà -aŋ maŋa púno-ŋ-káhoy. <a id="a76.19" name= -"a76.19"></a>Siniyásat nya isà-isà aŋ -maŋa púnò naŋ síko, anúnas, -<a id="a76.20" name="a76.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>átis, mabúlo, -súhàʾ, dalandàn, dáyap, at -balúbad. Ŋúnit walá ri <a id="a76.21" name= -"a76.21"></a>ŋ nagìŋ katuturàn aŋ kanya -ŋ págod; íisa na lámaŋ -paŋkàt naŋ <a id="a76.22" name="a76.22"></a>maŋa -haláman aŋ hindí pa nya -naùusísaʾ, at kuŋ díto y hindí -sya <a id="a76.23" name="a76.23"></a>makàkíta naŋ -kanya ŋ hánap, ay walá sya ŋ -magágawà sa pagdudúsa <a id="a76.24" name= -"a76.24"></a>naŋ kanya ŋ kapatìd. Nalíbot nya -sila ŋ lahàt, dátapuwat <a id="a76.25" name= -"a76.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>walà ŋ -nakapagsábi na tumaŋgàp sila naŋ isà -ŋ gawà ŋ kabàítan sa kay -Maryà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The grief of Maria’s sister became much greater, -and her hope of rescuing her sister from damnation was gradually -failing. She began to question the plants in her sister’s yard. -She took one by one all the gourds, pumpkins, cucumbers, chile peppers, -melons, sincamas, peanuts, egg-plants, cow-peas, and onions and garlic, -and other vegetables. She did not find among them that which she -sought. She also went through the trees. She made inquiry, one after -the other, of the chico, anona, custard-apple, mabolo, grape-fruit, -orange, lime, and casoy trees. But here too her labor gave no result; -only the group of the garden-plants she had not yet questioned, and if -here she did not find what she sought, there would be nothing for her -to do about the punishment her sister was undergoing. She went to them -all, but there were not any who could say that they had received any -kindness from Maria.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a76.27" name="a76.27"></a>Sa -kàhuli-hulíhan pumaroòn aŋ kapatìd sa -tabì naŋ balòn, at <a id="a76.28" name= -"a76.28"></a>doòn inusísà nya ŋ lahàt -aŋ maŋa damò. Naŋ dumatìŋ aŋ -gabì <a id="a76.29" name="a76.29"></a>ay íisa na -lámaŋ na púnu-ŋ-damò aŋ -hindí nya naùusísaʾ. Itò y <a id= -"a76.30" name="a76.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>nilapítan nya na punò ŋ -punú naŋ tákot at pagása.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">At the very last the sister went to the side of the -well, and there she questioned all the blades of grass. When night came -there was only one head of grass which she had not yet questioned. Full -of fear and hope she approached it.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a76.31" name="a76.31"></a>Itinanùŋ -nya sa púno naŋ damò na -nàtàtanìm sa tabì naŋ balòn: -“Naŋ nabùbúhay ba aŋ áki ŋ -kapatìd, ay ginawàn ka nyà naŋ isà -ŋ kabàítan?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">She asked the head of grass which grew by the side of -the well: “When my sister was alive, did she ever do you an act -of kindness?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a76.34" name="a76.34"></a>Isinagòt -naŋ damò: “Ó! Aŋ iyo bà ŋ -kapatìd? Siyà ŋàʾ, <a id="a76.35" name= -"a76.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>siyà aŋ -nagbigày sa ákin naŋ bágo ŋ -búhay. Noò ŋ tagáraw na <a id="a76.36" name= -"a76.36"></a>nagdaàn, lantà ŋ lanta nà -aŋ áki ŋ maŋa dáhon at akò y -malápit <a id="a76.37" name="a76.37"></a>na ŋ -mamatày, dátapuwat aŋ iyò ŋ -kapatìd ay nalígoʾ isa ŋ hápon <a id= -"a76.38" name="a76.38"></a>sa tabì naŋ balo ŋ -itò. Sa kanya ŋ pagpalígoʾ ay nàwisikan -akò <a id="a76.39" name="a76.39"></a>naŋ túbig at -dáhil díto y lumakàs ako ŋ mulìʾ, -at aŋ maŋa lantà <a id="a76.40" name= -"a76.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>ku ŋ dáhon ay -nanaríwa ŋ muliʾ.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Oh, your sister?” answered the grass, -“Yes, it was she who gave me new life. Last summer my blades were -all withered and I was near to dying, but your sister bathed one -evening by the side of this well. As she bathed, some water was -sprinkled on me, so that I grew again and my withered blades became -fresh once more.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a76.41" name="a76.41"></a>Wala ŋ -pagkàsyahàn aŋ nagiŋ tuwá naŋ -kapatìd ni Maryà, at sa gabì ri ŋ iyòn -ay nagbalìk sya kay Sam-Pédro. Binigyan <a id="a76.43" -name="a76.43"></a>syà ni Sam-Pédro naŋ isa ŋ -dàsálan, at sinábi sa kanyà na umuwé -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb78" href="#pb78" name= -"pb78">78</a>]</span><a id="a78.1" name="a78.1"></a>sya at -iláwit nya sa balòn aŋ dàsála ŋ -iyòn. Tawágin nya si <a id="a78.2" name= -"a78.2"></a>Maryà at pakapítin nya sa -dàsálan, at dáhil díto y -mahàháŋù nya sa hírap aŋ kanya -ŋ kapatìd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Maria’s sister could not contain the joy which -arose in her, and that very night she returned to Saint Peter. Saint -Peter gave her a rosary and told her to go home and to hang this rosary -down into the well. She was to call Maria and let her take hold of the -rosary; by this means her sister could be rescued from damnation.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a78.4" name="a78.4"></a>Nagbalìk sya -ŋ agàd at sumìsíkat pa lámaŋ -aŋ áraw naŋ sya <a id="a78.5" name= -"a78.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>y dumatìŋ sa -bakúran ni nasíra ŋ Maryà. Lumápit sya -sa balòn, <a id="a78.6" name="a78.6"></a>inilawit nyà -aŋ dàsálan, at tináwag nya aŋ kanya -ŋ kapatìd. Itò y <a id="a78.7" name= -"a78.7"></a>lumitàw sa ibábaw naŋ túbig at -humáwak sa dàsálan. Inumpisahàn <a id= -"a78.8" name="a78.8"></a>naŋ kanyà ŋ kapatìd -aŋ paghátak sa dàsálan at sya y nátaas -<a id="a78.9" name="a78.9"></a>nà -untì-untèʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">She went home at once, and hardly was the sun shining, -when she came to the yard of the deceased Maria. She approached the -well, let down the rosary, and called her sister. Maria emerged from -under the water and took hold of the rosary. Her sister began to pull -at the rosary and she was slowly lifted up.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a78.10" name="a78.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Sa pagháŋo ŋ itò sa -kanyà ay máy-roo ŋ ibà ŋ káluluwa -na <a id="a78.11" name="a78.11"></a>íbig di ŋ -makaalìs sa infyèrno. Kanyá silà y -nagsikápit sa paà <a id="a78.12" name="a78.12"></a>ni -Maryà, naŋ màkíta nilà na itò y -nahàháŋù sa hírap. Dátapuwat -<a id="a78.13" name="a78.13"></a>naŋ aŋ paà ni -Maryà ay sya na lámaŋ nàlùlubòg -sa túbig aŋ <a id="a78.14" name="a78.14"></a>ginawá -nya y ikinawàg nya aŋ dalawa ŋ paà, -úpaŋ aŋ maŋa káluluwa <a id="a78.15" name= -"a78.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>ŋ -nàkàkápit sa kanyà ay -maŋàkabitàw.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">As she was thus being rescued, some other souls too -wanted to escape from Hell. So they all took hold of Maria’s -feet, when they saw that she was being rescued from damnation. But when -only Maria’s feet were still under water, she shook her two feet, -so that the souls who had hold of her should have to let go.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a78.16" name="a78.16"></a>Naŋ itù y -gawin nyà ay napatìd aŋ dàsálan at -agad-agàd sya <a id="a78.17" name="a78.17"></a>ŋ -lumubùg sa balòn, at mulá noon ay hindí -nà sya nàkaúsap naŋ kanya ŋ -kapatìd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When she did this the rosary broke and she at once fell -into the well, and from that time on her sister was never again able to -communicate with her. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb79" href="#pb79" -name="pb79">79</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Bumalìk itò kay Sam-Pédro at -ibinalítaʾ aŋ naŋyáre, dátapuwat -<span class="lineNum">20</span>sinábe ni Sam-Pédro na -walá na sila ŋ magágawa úpaŋ -maháŋo sa infyèrno aŋ kanyà ŋ -kapatìd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The sister went back to Saint Peter and told him what -had happened, but Saint Peter said that there was no longer anything -that they could do to save her sister from Hell.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s22" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">22.</span> Tatlò ŋ -káluluwa ŋ tumáwag kay Sam-Pédro.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">22.</span> Three souls who called -upon Saint Peter.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a78.23" name="a78.23"></a>Si Hwàn ay -isa ŋ bágu ŋ táwu ŋ makísig. -Dátapuwat naŋ <a id="a78.24" name= -"a78.24"></a>dumatìŋ sya sa gúlaŋ na dalawa -ŋ pù t dalawà, sya y nagkasakìt <a id= -"a78.25" name="a78.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ -malubhàʾ at dí nalaúnan at namatày -siyà. Aŋ kanya ŋ káluluwa <a id="a78.26" name= -"a78.26"></a>ay naparoòn sa láŋit at tumuktòk -sa pintúan nitò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Juan was a gay bachelor. But when he reached the -age of twenty-two he fell very sick and it was not long before he died. -His soul went to Heaven and knocked at its gate.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a78.27" name="a78.27"></a>Si Sam-Pédro ay -sumagòt sa kanya ŋ pagtuktòk at itinanòŋ -<a id="a78.28" name="a78.28"></a>nitò: “Sínu ka? -Anò aŋ sadyá mo ríto?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Saint Peter answered his knock and asked: “Who are -you? What brings you here?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Isinagòt naŋ káluluwa ni Hwàn: -“Akò aŋ káluluwa ni Hwàn. <a id= -"a78.30" name="a78.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>Buksan -mò aŋ pintòʾ, at íbig ko ŋ -pumások.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan’s soul answered: “I am Juan’s -soul. Open the door, for I want to come in.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a78.31" name="a78.31"></a>Binuksàn -naŋ bantay-pintòʾ aŋ pintúan, at -bágu nya binayáa ŋ makapások aŋ -káluluwa ni Hwàn ay sinyásat múna nya -naŋ <a id="a78.33" name="a78.33"></a>ganitò: “Ano -aŋ dáhil at naparíto ka? Ano aŋ -kabànála ŋ <a id="a78.34" name= -"a78.34"></a>ginawá mo sa lúpaʾ at -nagakálà ka ŋ nàbàbágay sa -yò aŋ kaginhawáhan <span class="lineNum">35</span>sa -láŋit? Ikàw bagà y may iníwa ŋ -asáwa?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The door-keeper opened the gate, but before he allowed -Juan’s soul to enter, he questioned him as follows: “Why -have you come here? What acts of piety have you performed on earth that -you think you are entitled to the joys of Heaven? Have you left a wife -behind you?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ káluluwa ni Hwàn ay -nagsábi: “Naŋ akò y nása -lúpà <a id="a78.37" name="a78.37"></a>pa, madalàs -aku ŋ magsimbà, magdasàl, at maglimòs, -dátapuwat <a id="a78.38" name="a78.38"></a>hindí ako -nagkapálad na magasáwa.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan’s soul said: “When I was still on earth -I often went to church, prayed, and gave alms, but I did not have the -good fortune to get married.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a78.39" name="a78.39"></a>Isinagòt -naŋ bantay-pintòʾ: “Hindí ka dápat -magtamò naŋ <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>kaginhawáhan sa láŋit.” -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb80" href="#pb80" name= -"pb80">80</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The door-keeper answered: “You are not fit to -partake of the joys of Heaven.” <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb81" href="#pb81" name="pb81">81</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a80.1" name="a80.1"></a>At -pagkàsábi nya nitò ay isinara nyà aŋ -pintòʾ. Aŋ káluluwa <a id="a80.2" name= -"a80.2"></a>ni Hwàn ay hindí nakapások sa -láŋit.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">And when he had said this he closed the door. -Juan’s soul was not able to enter Heaven.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a80.3" name="a80.3"></a>Pagkaalìs ni -Hwàn ay dumatìŋ namàn aŋ isa pa -rì ŋ káluluwa.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When Juan had gone away, another soul arrived.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>“Sínu ka? At -bákit mo gustò ŋ pumások sa -láŋit? Ikaw <a id="a80.6" name="a80.6"></a>bà y -nagasáwa naŋ násàsa lúpà -pà?” aŋ maŋa tanùŋ naŋ -bantay-pintòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Who are you? And why do you wish to come into -Heaven? Did you get married when you were still on earth?” asked -the door-keeper.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Isinagòt naŋ káluluwa: -“Akù y aŋ káluluwa niy Andrès. -Nagasáwa akò naŋ akò y násàsa -lúpà pa. Buksan mò aŋ pintòʾ -<span class="lineNum">10</span>at íbig ko ŋ -pumások.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The soul answered: “I am the soul of -Andrés. I took a wife when I was yet on earth. Open the gate for -I want to come in.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Agad-agàd na binuksàn ni Sam-Pédro -aŋ pintú naŋ láŋit at <a id="a80.12" name= -"a80.12"></a>pagkàkíta nya sa káluluwa niy -Andrès ay sinábi nya: “Ó! -Kàwáwa <a id="a80.13" name="a80.13"></a>ŋ -káluluwa! Sa maŋà gáya mo -nàtàtaàn at nàràrápat aŋ -maŋa kaginhawáhan sa láŋit. Pumásuk -ka!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">At once Saint Peter opened the gate of Heaven, and when -he saw the soul of Andrés he said: “Oh, pitiable soul! For -such as you the joys of Heaven are reserved and fitting. -Enter!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a80.15" name="a80.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Aŋ káluluwa ni Andrès ay tuwa -ŋ twá at pumások sa masayà ŋ -tàhánan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The soul of Andrés was overjoyed and entered the -abode of bliss.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a80.17" name="a80.17"></a>Pagkásara -naŋ pintò ay máy-roon na namà ŋ -tumuktòk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the door was closed there was another knock.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a80.18" name="a80.18"></a>“Sínu -ka?” aŋ tanoŋ ulí naŋ bantày.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Who are you?” the keeper asked again.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">“Akò y aŋ káluluwa ni -Mariyáno,” aŋ sagòt naŋ -tumuktòk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“I am the soul of Mariano,” answered the one -who had knocked.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a80.20" name="a80.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>“Bákit ka naparíto? Bákit -ka nagakála ŋ marápat ka ŋ magtamò -naŋ láŋit? Ikàw bagà y nagasáwa -naŋ násàsa lúpa ka pà?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Why have you come here? Why do you think that you -deserve to partake of Heaven? Did you get married when you were still -on earth?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Sa maŋa tanùŋ na itò y -isinagòt naŋ káluluwa ni Mariyáno: <a id= -"a80.24" name="a80.24"></a>“Naŋ akò y -násàsa lúpà pa madalàs akù -ŋ magpamísa. Aŋ kalahátì <a id="a80.25" -name="a80.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ yáman -ko ay ibinigay kò sa simbáhan sa pagpapamísa -<a id="a80.26" name="a80.26"></a>at maŋa pagpapatugtòg -naŋ kampánaʾ. Aŋ nàipatúlus -kò ŋ <a id="a80.27" name="a80.27"></a>kandílà -ay hindí mahìhíla naŋ tatlò ŋ -kalabàw, at kuŋ sa pagaasáwa <a id="a80.28" name= -"a80.28"></a>namàn,” idinugtuŋ nyà, -“akò y nagkaroòn naŋ dalawà. <a id= -"a80.29" name="a80.29"></a>Nabáo akù at nagasáwa -ŋ mulìʾ.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">To these questions the soul of Mariano answered: -“When I was still on earth I often had masses said. Half of my -wealth I gave to the Church for the saying of masses and the ringing of -bells. The candles I offered up could not be drawn by three -<span class="corr" id="xd21e8159" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span>, and as to getting married,” -continued the soul, “I was married twice. I became a widower and -married again.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a80.30" name="a80.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>“Áki ŋ ikinalúluŋkot -aŋ hindí ko pagkaári ŋ papasúkin -kità. <a id="a80.31" name="a80.31"></a>Aŋ maŋa -lóku ŋ gáya mo ay wala ŋ lugàr -díto sa kahariyàn naŋ láŋit.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“I am very sorry that I am not able to let you in. -There is no place for madmen like you in the Kingdom of -Heaven.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">At isinara nyà aŋ pintòʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">And he closed the door.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s23" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a80.34" name="a80.34"></a><span class= -"divNum">23.</span> Si Hwà ŋ baŋkéro.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">23.</span> Juan the canoer.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a80.35" name="a80.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>Isa ŋ áraw isa ŋ -Kastílaʾ ay napatátawìd kay Hwàn sa -kanya <a id="a80.36" name="a80.36"></a>ŋ baŋkàʾ -sa ibáyo naŋ ílog. Aŋ Kastíla ŋ -sakay nyà ay marúnuŋ <a id="a80.37" name= -"a80.37"></a>magsalitá naŋ Tagálog. -Kanyàʾ, naŋ silà y -nàlàlayú na sa pasígan, <a id="a80.38" -name="a80.38"></a>ay nagumpisa syà naŋ pakikipagúsap -kay Hwàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">One day a Spaniard was having Juan ferry him -across the river in his canoe. The Spaniard, Juan’s fare, was -able to speak Tagalog. Accordingly, while they were still far from -shore, he began a conversation with Juan.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a80.39" name="a80.39"></a>Aŋ Kastíla -ŋ itò ay isa ŋ marúnoŋ na táo, -sigúro ŋ isa ŋ <a id="a80.40" name= -"a80.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>gurù ŋ -balítà sa Espánya, at itò y -nàpagkìkilála sa pagsasalitá <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb82" href="#pb82" name="pb82">82</a>]</span><a id= -"a82.1" name="a82.1"></a>nya kay Hwàn tuŋkùl sa -heyugrafíya, aritmétika, at iba t ibà ŋ -<a id="a82.2" name="a82.2"></a>wíkà sa Ewrúpa.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">This Spaniard was a learned man, no doubt a famous -scholar in Spain, and this showed itself in his discourse to Juan -regarding geography, arithmetic, and various languages of Europe. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb83" href="#pb83" name= -"pb83">83</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a82.3" name="a82.3"></a>Naŋ matápus -aŋ kanya ŋ pagsasalitàʾ, ay nagtanùŋ -syà kay Hwàn naŋ ganitò: “Ikàw -ba y nagáral naŋ hewgrafíya?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When his discourse was ended, he asked Juan: “Have -you studied geography?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a82.5" name="a82.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>“Hindí pòʾ,” aŋ -sagòt ni Hwàn,—at katunáya y uwalà -ŋ <a id="a82.6" name="a82.6"></a>mwàŋ si Hwàn, -sapagkàt sya y lumakì sa hírap at sa gayò y -panày <a id="a82.7" name="a82.7"></a>na pagtatrabáho -lámaŋ aŋ pinagdàdaanan nyà ŋ -búhay.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“No, sir,” answered Juan,—and in -truth, Juan had no education, for he had grown up in poverty, so that -his life at all times was nothing but ceaseless work.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ Kastílà ay nàpagúlat -sa sagòt ni Hwàn at sinábe niya <a id="a82.9" -name="a82.9"></a>ŋ agàd: “Dináramdam ko, -kaybígan, aŋ hindí mu pagkáalam <a id= -"a82.10" name="a82.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>naŋ -hewgrafíya, sapagkàt dáhil díto y -pára ŋ nawalàʾ aŋ kalahátì -naŋ iyo ŋ búhay.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The Spaniard was astonished at Juan’s answer and -said at once: “I am sorry, friend, that you do not know -geography, for in consequence half your life, as it were, is -lost.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a82.12" name="a82.12"></a>Si Hwàn ay -hindí kumibòʾ at patúluy dìn aŋ -pagsagwàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan did not utter a word, and kept on paddling.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a82.13" name="a82.13"></a>Hindí -nalaúnan at tumanùŋ namàn aŋ -Kastílaʾ: “Nagáral ka bà naŋ -aritmétika?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">It was not long before the Spaniard again asked: -“Have you studied arithmetic?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>“Hindí -pòʾ,” aŋ sagòt ni Hwàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“No, sir,” answered Juan.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a82.16" name="a82.16"></a>“Kuŋ -gayòn, kaybígan, ay pára ŋ nawalá sa -iyò aŋ ikápat <a id="a82.17" name="a82.17"></a>na -baháge naŋ iyo ŋ búhay.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“If that is the case, friend, a fourth of your -life is lost to you, as it were.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Si Hwàn ay natákot naŋ -kauntìʾ, sapagkàt hindí nya -màpagkúro aŋ íbig sabíhin naŋ -Kastílaʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan became a little frightened, for he could not make -out what the Spaniard was trying to say.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>Sinábi nya sa -kanya ŋ saríli: “Kàwáwà ka, -Hwàn, walá nà <a id="a82.21" name= -"a82.21"></a>ŋ nàtìtirà naŋ iyu ŋ -búhay, kuŋ hindí isa ŋ ikápat na -partè lámaŋ.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He said to himself: “You poor fellow, Juan, only a -fourth of your life is left now.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Naŋ aŋ baŋká nila ay -násàsa malálim na lugàr na naŋ -ílog, <a id="a82.24" name="a82.24"></a>at hábaŋ -aŋ Kastílà namàn ay pinagkùkúro -aŋ malakì ŋ kamaŋmaŋàn <a id="a82.25" -name="a82.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ maŋa -táo ŋ trabahadùr sa Filipínas, si Hwàn -ay tumanùŋ naŋ ganitò sa kanya ŋ -sakày: “Marúnoŋ pú ba kayo ŋ -lumaŋòy?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When their canoe had got to a deep part of the river, -and while the Spaniard was reflecting upon the great ignorance of the -working people in the Philippines, Juan asked his passenger this -question: “Do you know how to swim, sir?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">“Hindìʾ!” aŋ sagut -agàd naŋ Kastílaʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“No,” answered the Spaniard at once.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">“Kuŋ gayòn,” aŋ sagot ni -Hwàn, “ay hindí lámaŋ pára -<a id="a82.30" name="a82.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>kayù ŋ nawalàn naŋ -boò ŋ inyo ŋ búhay, dátapwat -nawalá na <a id="a82.31" name="a82.31"></a>ŋà ŋ -túnay.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“In that case,” answered Juan, “you -have lost your whole life, not only as it were, but you have lost it in -all truth.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a82.32" name="a82.32"></a>At sinabayàn nya -itù naŋ pagtataòb naŋ baŋkà ŋ -sinàsakyan <a id="a82.33" name="a82.33"></a>nilà. Si -Hwàn ay lumaŋùy sa pasígan at aŋ -Kastílà namàn ay <a id="a82.34" name= -"a82.34"></a>tinaŋày naŋ ágos.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">And while he spoke these words he tipped over the canoe -they were riding in. Juan swam to the shore, but the Spaniard was -carried away by the stream.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s24" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="lineNum">35</span><span class= -"divNum">24.</span> Aŋ kabàítan sa maŋa -háyop.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">24.</span> Kindness to -animals.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a82.36" name="a82.36"></a>Isà ŋ -gabì ŋ madilìm ay naglálakad si Hwàn -sa maŋa kaparáŋa <a id="a82.37" name= -"a82.37"></a>ŋ malaláyoʾ sa maŋa báyan. -Sya y patúŋo sa kanya ŋ <a id="a82.38" name= -"a82.38"></a>báyan. Bágu sya makaratìŋ -díto ay kinàkayiláŋa ŋ magdaàn -sya sa maŋa ilàŋ na lugàr.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a82.40" name="a82.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Isa ŋ gabì na sya y naglálakad sa -ganitò ŋ lugàr biglá sya <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb84" href="#pb84" name="pb84">84</a>]</span><a id= -"a84.1" name="a84.1"></a>ŋ nàpagúlat sa -pagdatìŋ naŋ isa ŋ púsa ŋ itìm -na humúni at <a id="a84.2" name="a84.2"></a>kinámot -aŋ kanya ŋ paà. Aŋ ginawá nya y -úbus-lakàs nya ŋ <a id="a84.3" name= -"a84.3"></a>sinípa aŋ púsaʾ, at itò y -nàpahitsà naŋ maláyoʾ. Ipinatúluy -nya <a id="a84.4" name="a84.4"></a>aŋ paglalakàd, -dátapuwat hindí nalaúnan at nagbalìk na -namàn <span class="lineNum">5</span>sa kanyà aŋ -púsaʾ. Lálu ŋ lumakì aŋ kanya -ŋ gálit at sinípà nya <a id="a84.6" name= -"a84.6"></a>ŋ mulìʾ aŋ púsaʾ. -Inakálà nya ŋ aŋ púsa ŋ iyòn -ay isà ŋ laruwàn naŋ tyának o -asuwàŋ. Ipinatúluy nya aŋ paglákad. -Hindí <a id="a84.8" name="a84.8"></a>naluwatàn at aŋ -púsa ŋ itèm ay nagbalìk na mulí sa -kanyà. <a id="a84.9" name="a84.9"></a>Ŋayòn, sa -lugàr naŋ sipáin nya aŋ púsaʾ, -itò y hinawákan nyà <a id="a84.10" name= -"a84.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>at dinala nyà sa -kanya ŋ bisìg, kanya ŋ hinagòd, at -pinagtátapìk, <a id="a84.11" name="a84.11"></a>at -sinábi nya sa púsaʾ: “Mabaìt na -púsàʾ, anò aŋ gusto mò? <a id= -"a84.12" name="a84.12"></a>Sàsáma ka ba sa áki -ŋ paglalakàd?” at ipinatúluy nyà -aŋ kanyà ŋ paglákad.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">One dark night Juan was walking in some forests -far from any towns. He was on his way to his home town. Before he could -arrive there, he had to pass through some uncanny places. One night, -when he was walking in such a place, he was suddenly startled by the -arrival of a black cat which purred and scratched at his leg. What he -did <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb85" href="#pb85" name= -"pb85">85</a>]</span>was to kick the cat with all his might, and it was -tossed a good distance. He kept on walking, but it was not long before -the cat came back to him. His anger greatly increased, and he kicked -the cat again. He thought that this cat was the plaything of some -goblin or vampire. He kept on walking. It was not long before the black -cat again came back to him. This time, instead of kicking the cat, he -took hold of it, lifted it up on his arm, stroked it and patted it, and -said to it: “Good little cat, what do you want? Are you going to -come along with me on my journey?” and he continued walking.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a84.14" name="a84.14"></a>Hindí -nalaúnan at sya y sinumpòŋ naŋ antòk. Sa -daàn ay <span class="lineNum">15</span>máy -nàkíta sya ŋ isa ŋ báhay, -dátapuwat aŋ maŋa táo sa báyan <a id= -"a84.16" name="a84.16"></a>ay may paniwála ŋ -iŋkantádo aŋ báhay na iyòn. -Dátapuwat walà <a id="a84.17" name="a84.17"></a>ŋ -iba ŋ màtulúgan si Hwàn, kaniyàʾ -aŋ ginawá nya y pumanhik <a id="a84.18" name= -"a84.18"></a>syà sa báhay úpaŋ doòn -matúlog.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After a while he was attacked by sleepiness. He saw a -house by the way, but the people in his town believed that this house -was enchanted. However, Juan had no other place to sleep, so he entered -the house to sleep there.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a84.19" name="a84.19"></a>Sya y -náhimbìŋ, dátapuwat naŋ -naghàháti-ŋ-gabi nà ay <a id="a84.20" name= -"a84.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>nágisiŋ sya sa -kàluskúsan naŋ maŋa dagàʾ. Aŋ -ginawá nya y <a id="a84.21" name="a84.21"></a>pinagsisipá -nya at <span class="corr" id="xd21e5148" title= -"Source: pinagdagukàn">pinagdadagukàn</span> aŋ -maŋa dagàʾ úpaŋ kanya ŋ <a id= -"a84.22" name="a84.22"></a>patayìn o kayà y -palayásin. Dátapuwat aŋ maŋa dagàʾ -ay dumámi <a id="a84.23" name="a84.23"></a>naŋ -dumámi haŋgàŋ sa napunòʾ aŋ -kuwàrto at sya y kanilà <a id="a84.24" name= -"a84.24"></a>ŋ pinagkakagàt.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">He fell sound asleep, but at midnight he was awakened by -the pattering of rats. He set about kicking and striking at the rats to -kill them or drive them away. But the rats became more and more -numerous until the room became full and they bit him and gnawed at -him.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a84.25" name="a84.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Aŋ ginawá ni Hwàn ay -kinúha nya aŋ kanya ŋ púsa ŋ itìm -at sinábi nya ríto ŋ patain nyà aŋ -maŋa dagàʾ. Aŋ púsàʾ ay <a id= -"a84.27" name="a84.27"></a>ŋumiyàw at inumpisahàn -aŋ paghábol sa maŋa dagàʾ. Malakì -aŋ <a id="a84.28" name="a84.28"></a>nagìŋ tákot -naŋ maŋa dagàʾ, at aŋ maŋa hindí -nápatay naŋ púsa <a id="a84.29" name="a84.29"></a>ay -nagsipagtakbò sa kaní-kanilà ŋ -luŋgàʾ. Naŋ màkíta ni Hwàn -<a id="a84.30" name="a84.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>na -walá na ŋ nàtìtirà sa maŋa -dagà kuŋ hindí dádalawa lámaŋ, -<a id="a84.31" name="a84.31"></a>ay pinapaghintú nya aŋ -púsaʾ. Kanya ŋ hinúli aŋ dalawa ŋ -<a id="a84.32" name="a84.32"></a>dagàʾ at kanya ŋ -inámoʾ at inakálà nya ŋ isáma -rìn silà na gáya naŋ púsà sa -kanya ŋ paglalakàd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">It was then that Juan took his black cat and told it to -kill the rats. The cat miewed and began to chase the rats. Great fear -seized the rats, and those that were not killed by the cat ran to their -holes. When Juan saw that there were no rats left except only a single -pair, he stopped the cat. He caught the two rats and petted them and -decided to take them along on his journey, just like the cat.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a84.34" name= -"a84.34"></a>Kinàbukásan ay ipinatúluy nya aŋ -kanya ŋ paglalakàd. Inabútan <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>sya naŋ gabè sa isa ŋ lugàr -na wala ŋ báhay, kanyá aŋ <a id="a84.36" name= -"a84.36"></a>ginawá nya y ipinatúluy nya aŋ -paglalakàd papuntà sa isa ŋ <a id="a84.37" name= -"a84.37"></a>báhay na árì naŋ isa ŋ -matandàʾ. Nagkátaon namàn na aŋ matanda -<a id="a84.38" name="a84.38"></a>ŋ itò y isà ŋ -eŋkantadòr. Pinatúluy nya si Hwàn at -pinatúlog <a id="a84.39" name="a84.39"></a>nya sa isa ŋ -silìd. Si Hwàn ay natúlog naŋ walà -ŋ paghihinálà <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>naŋ anu màn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">On the next day he continued his journey. He was -overtaken by night in a place where there were no houses, so he walked -on toward a house owned by a certain old man. Now it happened that this -old man was an enchanter. He took Juan in and gave him an alcove to -sleep in. Juan went to sleep without suspecting anything.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Dátapuwat, naŋ mágisiŋ -syà kinàbukásan, ay nàpagúlat sya -<a id="a84.42" name="a84.42"></a>at natákot naŋ -màkíta nya ŋ sya y -nàkùkulòŋ sa isa ŋ kahòn na -<a id="a84.43" name="a84.43"></a>walà ŋ -bùkásan. Pinagsipá nya aŋ maŋa -diŋdìŋ naŋ kahòn, dátapuwat -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb86" href="#pb86" name= -"pb86">86</a>]</span><a id="a86.1" name="a86.1"></a>walá sya -ŋ magawàʾ, itò y hindí nya -mabuksàn. Malakì aŋ kanya ŋ -pagdadalamháteʾ at walá sya ŋ -màláma ŋ gawìn, naŋ <a id="a86.3" name= -"a86.3"></a>màalaála nya ŋ sya y may kasáma -ŋ isà ŋ púsa at dalawà ŋ -dagá <a id="a86.4" name="a86.4"></a>sa kanya ŋ -kùlúŋan. Kinúha nya aŋ dalawa ŋ -dagàʾ, inamù-amú <a id="a86.5" name= -"a86.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>nya, at sinábi nya -ŋ bumútas silà sa kahò ŋ kanila ŋ -kinàkùkuluŋàn. <a id="a86.6" name= -"a86.6"></a>Aŋ maŋa dagà ay nagumpisà naŋ -pagkagàt sa tablà <a id="a86.7" name="a86.7"></a>at -untì-untí sila ŋ nakagawá naŋ -húkay sa makapàl na tablà, <a id="a86.8" name= -"a86.8"></a>haŋgàŋ sa itò y nabútas. -Naŋ makabútas na silà ay bumalìk silà -<a id="a86.9" name="a86.9"></a>ŋ mulí kay Hwàn at si -Hwàn namàn ay pinabútas silà ŋ -mulìʾ sa <a id="a86.10" name="a86.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>dindìŋ naŋ -kùlúŋan. Sa paguúlit-úlit naŋ -kanila ŋ paggawá naŋ <a id="a86.11" name= -"a86.11"></a>maŋa bútas, sa kalaúnan ay -nakagawá silà naŋ isà ŋ malaki ŋ -<a id="a86.12" name="a86.12"></a>bútas, at si Hwàn ay -nakawalàʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">However, when he woke up on the next day, he was -surprised and frightened when he saw that he was locked up in a box -without any opening. He kicked at the walls of the box, but was not -able to do anything: he could not open it. Great was his despair, and -he did not know what to do, when he remembered that he had a cat and -two rats with him in his prison. He took the two rats, petted them, and -told them to make a hole in the box in which they were confined. The -rats began to gnaw at the boards, and gradually they succeeded in -making a hole in the thick board, until it was pierced through. When -they had pierced it, they returned to Juan, and Juan had them again -pierce the wall of the prison. When they had made holes again and -again, they finally succeeded in making a large opening, and Juan was -able to escape. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb87" href="#pb87" name= -"pb87">87</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ matandà ay hinánap ni Hwàn, -dátapuwat itò y hindí nya màkíta -káhit saàn. Kanyà ipinatúluy nyà -aŋ pagwèʾ, at doòn naŋ <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>dumatìŋ sya ay ipinamalítà -nya aŋ malakì ŋ serbísyo na ginawá sa -kanyà naŋ kanya ŋ tatlò ŋ kaybíga -ŋ isà ŋ púsaʾ at dalawa ŋ -dagàʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan looked for the old man, but did not find him -anywhere. So he continued on his way home, and when he arrived there, -he told of the great service which had been done him by his three -friends, a cat and two rats.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s25" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a86.18" name="a86.18"></a><span class= -"divNum">25.</span> Si Hwà ŋ maŋdudúkit.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">25.</span> Juan the -sculptor.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a86.19" name= -"a86.19"></a>Nàbása ku sa isa ŋ nobéla ŋ -Kastílaʾ na aŋ pamagàt ay “La -<span class="lineNum">20</span>tùmba de yèrro” -aŋ sumúsunòd.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">I once read, in a Spanish novel entitled <i lang= -"es">La tumba de hierro</i>, the following story:</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a86.21" name="a86.21"></a>Si Hwàn ay isa -ŋ báta ŋ lilimáhi ŋ taòn, -anàk naŋ isà ŋ <a id="a86.22" name= -"a86.22"></a>kasamà naŋ mayáma ŋ si -Andrès. Si Hwàn mulá pa sa -pagkabátàʾ <a id="a86.23" name="a86.23"></a>ay -pípe, dátapuwat hindìʾ biŋè. -Gayon dìn aŋ pagkapípe nya ay hindí -malubhàʾ, sapagkàt kadalasàn sya y -nakasísigàw, <a id="a86.25" name= -"a86.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>dátapuwat -hindí ŋàʾ lámaŋ gáya -naŋ tinìg naŋ karanyúwa ŋ -bátaʾ aŋ sa kanyà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan was a child of five years, the son of a workman of -the wealthy Andrés. Juan was dumb from birth, but not deaf. -Moreover, his dumbness was not complete, for often he was able to cry -out, though his voice was not like that of a normal child.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Isa ŋ gabì si Andrès ay -dumálaw sa báhay naŋ kanyà ŋ -kasamà <a id="a86.28" name="a86.28"></a>na ama ni Hwàn, -at sa kanya ŋ pagdálaw na ytò y isináma -<a id="a86.29" name="a86.29"></a>nya aŋ kanya ŋ anàk -na babáye, lilimáhin dì ŋ taòn aŋ -gúlaŋ. <a id="a86.30" name="a86.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Káhit na pípe si Hwàn ay -nakipagkayibígan sya sa anàk naŋ <a id="a86.31" -name="a86.31"></a>kanya ŋ paŋinoòn, at silà -ŋ dalawà y nagsipaglaròʾ hábaŋ -aŋ <a id="a86.32" name="a86.32"></a>kanilà ŋ maŋa -amà ay nagsàsàlitáan naŋ -tuŋkòl sa pananìm. <a id="a86.33" name= -"a86.33"></a>Ipinakíta nya kay Maryà (na sya ŋ -paŋálan naŋ kanya ŋ kalaròʾ) aŋ -maŋa larwan nyà na gawá naŋ kanya ŋ -saríli ŋ kamày <span class="lineNum">35</span>at -talíno.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One evening Andrés visited the house of his -workman, Juan’s father, and on this visit he brought along his -daughter, who also was five years old. In spite of his dumbness, Juan -made friends with his master’s child, and the two played together -while their fathers were discussing matters of farming. He showed Maria -(this was the name of his playmate) his toys, which he had made by his -own hand and skill.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ kanya ŋ maŋa laruwàn ay -sarì-sári ŋ mukhá naŋ táo na -<a id="a86.37" name="a86.37"></a>ginawá nya at -nayàyárì naŋ pútik. Marámi rin -díto aŋ maŋa <a id="a86.38" name= -"a86.38"></a>buò ŋ táo na may -sarì-sári ŋ anyòʾ. Aŋ ibà y -nagtátanìm, aŋ <a id="a86.39" name= -"a86.39"></a>ibà y nagsásayàw, aŋ ibà -y nakahigàʾ, at gayon dìn may maŋa <a id= -"a86.40" name="a86.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>nagbúbunòʾ, -nagtàtakbúhan, at iba t iba pà ŋ -anyòʾ. Gayon dìn máy maŋa háyop -syà; aŋ ibà y nayàyárì naŋ -pútek at aŋ ibà y <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb88" href="#pb88" name="pb88">88</a>]</span>nayàyári -naŋ káhoy.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">His toys were all kinds of faces of people which he had -made, and they were made of clay. There were also many whole figures of -people in all kinds of positions. Some were planting, some were -dancing, some were lying down, and there were also some wrestling, -running, and in many other positions. He also had animals; some were -made of clay and others were made of wood.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a88.2" name="a88.2"></a>Tumálik aŋ -pagkakaybígan naŋ dalawa ŋ bátaʾ at -nàwíli sila <a id="a88.3" name="a88.3"></a>sa -paglalaròʾ. Naŋ makatápus nà aŋ -kanila ŋ amà sa pagsasàlitáan ay -tináwag ni Andrès si Maryà úpaŋ -umwí na silà, dátapuwat <a id="a88.5" name= -"a88.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>niyáyà -múna ni Maryà aŋ kanya ŋ amà sa -lugàr na kinàlàlagyàn naŋ maŋa -larwàn ni Hwàn, at úpaŋ itò y -màkíta nyà. Naŋ <a id="a88.7" name= -"a88.7"></a>màmasdan ny Andrès aŋ maŋa larwa -ŋ yòn ay nàpagúlat sya sa <a id="a88.8" name= -"a88.8"></a>lakì naŋ talíno na -ipinakìkilála naŋ dumúkit sa maŋa -tao-taóha ŋ iyòn. Sinábi ny Andrès sa -ama ni Hwàn na itò y matalíno at <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>dápat ipadalà sa -pàaralàn. Dátapwat isinagòt naŋ ama ni -Hwàn <a id="a88.11" name="a88.11"></a>na syà y wala -ŋ kwàrta úpaŋ ipapagáral kay -Hwàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The two children became good friends and were engrossed -in play. When their fathers had finished their conversation, -Andrés called Maria to go home, but Maria first asked her father -to come to where Juan’s toys were, so that he might see them. -When Andrés beheld the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb89" href= -"#pb89" name="pb89">89</a>]</span>toys, he was astonished at the great -ability shown by the one who had shaped these manikins. Andrés -told Juan’s father that Juan was gifted and ought to be sent to -school. But Juan’s father answered that he had no money with -which to let Juan study.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a88.12" name="a88.12"></a>“Kuŋ -gayòn,” sinábi ni Andrès, “ay -akò aŋ ùúpa sa mayèstro. <a id= -"a88.13" name="a88.13"></a>Búkas ay páparoon sa -ámi ŋ báhay aŋ gurò ni Maryà. Sya -<a id="a88.14" name="a88.14"></a>y papagtùtuluyìn ku -díto sa iyò, úpaŋ umpisahàn nya -aŋ pagtutúroʾ <a id="a88.15" name= -"a88.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>at pagbubukàs -naŋ ísip ni Hwàn.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“In that case,” said Andrés, “I -will pay the teacher. Tomorrow Maria’s teacher is coming to our -house. I shall have him go on here to you, to begin the teaching of -Juan and the opening up of his mind.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a88.16" name="a88.16"></a>Napasalámat -naŋ marámi ŋ marámi aŋ ama ni Hwàn -at silà <a id="a88.17" name="a88.17"></a>y naghiwalày. -Malakì aŋ ikinaluŋkòt ni Hwàn naŋ -umalis nà aŋ kanyà ŋ kalaròʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan’s father thanked him profusely, and they -parted. Juan was very sorry when his playmate left.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a88.19" name="a88.19"></a>Mulá sa -áraw na itò kadalasàn si Hwàn ay -ipinasúsundò naŋ <a id="a88.20" name= -"a88.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>ama ni Maryà -úpaŋ doòn siyà sa kanya ŋ báhay -makipaglaròʾ kay Maryà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">From that day on Maria’s father often sent for -Juan that he might play with Maria there in his house.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Isa ŋ hápon na silà ŋ -dalawà y naglálaro sa hàlamanan naŋ <a id= -"a88.23" name="a88.23"></a>maláwak na bakúran ni -Andrès ay nagdaà ŋ lumílipàd sa -tabì naŋ <a id="a88.24" name="a88.24"></a>dalawa ŋ -bátaʾ aŋ isa ŋ paruparò. Itò y -kanila ŋ hinábol. Nàùunà <a id= -"a88.25" name="a88.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>si -Maryà at sumúsunòd si Hwàn. Sa -pagtatakbò nilà ay nahúlog <a id="a88.26" name= -"a88.26"></a>si Maryà sa isa ŋ sápa ŋ -mabábaw na pàbyáyan naŋ maŋa -isdàʾ <a id="a88.27" name="a88.27"></a>niy Andrès. -Si Hwàn ay nàpasigàw naŋ malakàs at -pagsigàw <a id="a88.28" name="a88.28"></a>nya ŋ itò -y napatiràn sya naŋ lamàn sa lalamúnan at -nagdudugòʾ <a id="a88.29" name="a88.29"></a>aŋ kanya -ŋ bibìg. Hindí nya itò inalintána at -tumalòn din sya <a id="a88.30" name="a88.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>sa sápaʾ úpaŋ iligtàs -si Maryà sa pagkalúnod. Sa kababáwan naŋ -sápaʾ ay hindí naŋalúnod aŋ -dalawà ŋ bátaʾ, dátapuwat -siniglàn <a id="a88.32" name="a88.32"></a>lámaŋ si -Maryà naŋ malaki ŋ tákot na sya nyà -ŋ ipinaghimatày naŋ násàsa túbig -na syà. Kanyàʾ aŋ ginawá ni Hwàn -ay <a id="a88.34" name="a88.34"></a>hinawákan nya si -Maryà sa likòd at itinaas nyà úpaŋ -hwàg makáinom <a id="a88.35" name= -"a88.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>naŋ túbig, -hábaŋ syà ay nàsìsísid sa -túbig. Ganitò aŋ anyú <a id="a88.36" name= -"a88.36"></a>nila naŋ màdatnan silà naŋ isa -ŋ alíla ny Andrès at silà y -hináŋo sa sápàʾ. Malakì aŋ -pagkàgúlat niy Andrès at malakì aŋ -nagiŋ twàʾ naŋ ama ni Hwàn naŋ si -Hwàn ay márinig nila ŋ magsalitàʾ <a id= -"a88.39" name="a88.39"></a>at ibalítà sa kanilà -aŋ naŋyári.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>Dáhil sa -pagsasalitá ni Hwàn ay lálu ŋ lumakàs -aŋ kanya ŋ <a id="a88.41" name= -"a88.41"></a>pagsúloŋ sa pagaáral, at gayon -dìn lálu ŋ tumálik aŋ -pagkakaybígan <a id="a88.42" name="a88.42"></a>nila ni -Maryà. Dumatìŋ aŋ áraw na sinábi -naŋ gurú nya <a id="a88.43" name="a88.43"></a>na sya y -dápat lumípat naŋ báyan úpaŋ -ipatúluy aŋ pagaáral, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb90" href="#pb90" name="pb90">90</a>]</span><a id="a90.1" name= -"a90.1"></a>sapagkàt sya y walá na ŋ -màitúro sa kanyà. Itò y sinábi rin -nyà kay Andrès. Aŋ ginawá ny Andrès ay -ipinadalà si Hwàn <a id="a90.3" name="a90.3"></a>sa isa -ŋ eskwèlhan naŋ paŋdudúkit, at díto -sya nagáral na may ánim na taòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One afternoon when the two were playing in the garden in -the wide grounds of Andrés, a butterfly came flying past the two -children. They ran after it. Maria ran ahead and Juan followed. As they -were running, Maria fell into a shallow pool which Andrés used -as a fishpond. Juan gave a loud cry, and, as he cried out, a muscle in -his throat broke and his mouth bled. He paid no attention to this and -jumped into the pool to save Maria from drowning. As the pool was -shallow, the two children did not drown, only Maria was filled with -great fear, which caused her to faint while still in the water. So what -Juan did was to take hold of Maria by her back and lift her up, so that -she should not swallow any water,—he himself meanwhile being -immersed. They were in this position when a servant of Andrés -came upon them and rescued them from the pool.</p> -<p class="par">Great was the surprise of Andrés and great was -the joy which came to Juan’s father, when they heard Juan talk -and tell them what had happened. What with Juan’s talking, his -progress in his studies became much greater and his friendship with -Maria grew much stronger.</p> -<p class="par">There came the day when his teacher said that he ought -to go to another town to continue his studies, for he could teach him -nothing more. He told this also to Andrés. Andrés sent -Juan to a school for sculptors, and there he studied for about six -years.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a90.5" name="a90.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Si Hwàn at si Maryà ay nagsilakì -at aŋ kanila ŋ pagkakaybígan <a id="a90.6" name= -"a90.6"></a>ay nagìŋ pagiìbígan. Twì -ŋ bakasyòn ay umuwèʾ si Hwàn <a id= -"a90.7" name="a90.7"></a>sa kanilà ŋ báhay sa -búkid ni Andrès at doòn sya -nagpàpalípas <a id="a90.8" name="a90.8"></a>naŋ -áraw sa píliŋ ni Mariyà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan and Maria grew up and their friendship turned into -love. Every vacation Juan went home to their house on -Andrés’ estate, and there he passed the days at -Maria’s side.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a90.9" name="a90.9"></a>Dumatìŋ -aŋ isa ŋ áraw naŋ pagtatanyágan naŋ -maŋa dinúkit <a id="a90.10" name="a90.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>naŋ maŋa artísta, at dáhil -díto y pinagarálan ni Hwàn aŋ <a id="a90.11" -name="a90.11"></a>isa ŋ áyos na kanya ŋ dápat -dukítin parà sa áraw na itò. Aŋ <a id= -"a90.12" name="a90.12"></a>manálo sa maŋa kasále ay -bìbigyàn naŋ isa ŋ ganti ŋ -pálà na <a id="a90.13" name="a90.13"></a>may malaki -ŋ kasáma ŋ kwàlta, bukòd sa -pagdiríwaŋ sa karàŋálan <a id="a90.14" -name="a90.14"></a>naŋ mànanalò. May isà -ŋ taò ŋ nagtrabáho si Hwàn sa kanya -<a id="a90.15" name="a90.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>ŋ -kumpusisyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">There came a day for the exhibition of the sculptures of -the artists, and Juan had planned a design which he was going to carry -out for that day. The victor among the contestants was to be given a -prize that was to be accompanied by much money, in addition to a -celebration in honor of the winner. For about a year Juan worked at his -composition.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a90.16" name="a90.16"></a>Dumatìŋ -aŋ áraw naŋ pagtatanyàg naŋ maŋa -dinúkit. Si Hwàn, aŋ kanya ŋ amà, si -Andrès, at si Maryà ay naparoòn sa <a id="a90.18" -name="a90.18"></a>báhay na kinàdòroonàn -naŋ maŋa dinúkit. Lubhà ŋ marámi -aŋ <a id="a90.19" name="a90.19"></a>maŋa táo, -dátapuwat aŋ pinagkàkalipumpunàn nilà -ay aŋ dinúkit <a id="a90.20" name="a90.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>ni Hwàn. Si Maryà ay -nápaiyàk sa twàʾ sa gandà naŋ -dinúkit ni Hwàn. Si Andrès namàn ay -walà ŋ màláma ŋ sabíhin <a id= -"a90.22" name="a90.22"></a>sa pagpúri. Dumatìŋ -aŋ óras naŋ pagpapaháyag naŋ maŋa -hukòm <a id="a90.23" name="a90.23"></a>kuŋ síno -aŋ nanálo, at aŋ dinúkit ni Hwàn ay sya -ŋ binaŋgìt <a id="a90.24" name="a90.24"></a>na -nakakúha naŋ gantì ŋ pálaʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The day for presenting the statues arrived. Juan, his -father, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb91" href="#pb91" name= -"pb91">91</a>]</span>Andrés, and Maria went to the building -where the statues were. Many people were there, but they were all -crowding round Juan’s statue. Andrés did not know what to -say in his admiration. The hour came when the judges announced who was -the winner, and Juan’s statue was that named as having won the -prize.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a90.25" name="a90.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Itò y isa ŋ grúpo ŋ -máy-roo ŋ isa ŋ babáye ŋ -nakatindìg. <a id="a90.26" name="a90.26"></a>Aŋ -kaliwà ŋ kamày ay may háwak na isa ŋ -sulòʾ at aŋ kánan namàn ay isa ŋ -koróna ŋ dáhon. Sa banda ŋ kánan -naŋ babáe <a id="a90.28" name="a90.28"></a>at sa -ilálim naŋ koróna ŋ olíva ay may -isà ŋ bináta ŋ nàlùluhod <a id= -"a90.29" name="a90.29"></a>aŋ kána ŋ paà. Sa -kanya ŋ kaliwàʾ ay may háwak sya ŋ -librò <a id="a90.30" name="a90.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>at sa kánan ay isa ŋ pamukpòk. Sa -kanilà ŋ paánan ay nàsàsábug -<a id="a90.31" name="a90.31"></a>aŋ iba t iba ŋ -kasaŋkápan naŋ isa ŋ nagàáral.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">It was a group with a standing woman. Her left hand held -a torch and her right a crown of leaves. At the right of the woman and -under the crown of olive a youth was kneeling on his right foot. In his -left hand he was holding a book, and in his right a hammer. At their -feet lay scattered various implements of a student.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a90.32" name="a90.32"></a>Naŋ silà y -umuwèʾ ipinagtapàt naŋ dalawa ŋ -nagkàkàibígan sa kanila ŋ maŋa -magúlaŋ aŋ kanila ŋ líhim. Aŋ ama ni -Hwàn <a id="a90.34" name="a90.34"></a>ay naluŋkòt -lámaŋ, sapagkàt nàlàláman nya -na aŋ pagkakasàl sa <a id="a90.35" name= -"a90.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>kanila ŋ dalawà -ay hindí maàáriʾ, sapagkàt aŋ -kanila ŋ lagày <a id="a90.36" name="a90.36"></a>ay -gáya naŋ sa isa ŋ busábos o alípin at -isa ŋ paŋinoòn o háreʾ. Pagkáalam -ni Andrès sa bágay na itò ay siniglàn sya -naŋ malaki <a id="a90.38" name="a90.38"></a>ŋ gálit. -Ipinatáwag nya si Hwàn at kanya ŋ minúra. -Sinábi <a id="a90.39" name="a90.39"></a>nya ŋ sya y -walà ŋ hyàʾ at hindí marúnoŋ -tumanàw naŋ útaŋ <a id="a90.40" name= -"a90.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>na loòb, -hindí marúnoŋ kumilála sa -nagparúnoŋ sa kanyà, at <a id="a90.41" name= -"a90.41"></a>sinábi nya ŋ hindí sya -maàári ŋ màpakasàl kay Mariyà. -Dáhil díto y sya y umalìs agad-agàd na -walà ŋ nakààalàm káhit -síno <a id="a90.43" name="a90.43"></a>naŋ kanya ŋ -patùtuŋúhan. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb92" -href="#pb92" name="pb92">92</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">On the way home the two lovers revealed their secret to -their parents. Juan’s father was merely grieved, for he knew that -the marriage of the two was not possible, for their position was like -that of a slave or thrall and a lord or king. When Andrés -learned of the matter, he was filled with great anger. He had Juan -called to him and scolded him. He told him he was shameless and did not -know how to appreciate favors,—did not know how to repay the man -who had given him his education, and told him that he could not marry -Maria. Accordingly Juan at once went away without anyone’s -knowing his destination.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Nagdaàn aŋ limà o ánim na -taòn at si Hwàn sa kanya ŋ <a id="a92.2" name= -"a92.2"></a>paŋdudúkit ay káylan ma y hindí -nalìlimútan si Maryà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Five or six years passed, and Juan at his sculpture did -not forget Maria.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a92.3" name="a92.3"></a>Si Mariyà -namàn ay nagpalípas naŋ ánim na tao ŋ -itò sa <a id="a92.4" name="a92.4"></a>kanya ŋ báhay. -Nàlùlugmok syà hábaŋ panahòn sa -isa ŋ malálim <a id="a92.5" name="a92.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>na kaluŋkútan at tuwí na y si -Hwàn aŋ kanya ŋ nààalaála. Si -Maryà y nagkasakìt naŋ malubhàʾ at -malápit na ŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e5567" title= -"Source: mámatày">mamámatày</span>.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Maria passed these six years in her house. She was sunk -at all times in a deep grief, and it was always Juan of whom she was -thinking. Maria fell seriously ill and was near to death.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Ipináyu naŋ maŋgagámot nya kay -Andrès na, kuŋ íbig nya <a id="a92.8" name= -"a92.8"></a>ŋ máligtas aŋ kanya ŋ anàk, ay -sundìn nya aŋ gusto nitò tuŋkòl <a id= -"a92.9" name="a92.9"></a>sa pagaasáwa kay Hwàn. -Dátapuwat naŋ pumáyag siy Andrès <a id= -"a92.10" name="a92.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>ay -lubhà ŋ huli nà. Palalá naŋ -palalàʾ aŋ sakìt ni Maryà, at si -Hwàn namàn ay hindí nya -nàlàláman kuŋ saàn aŋ -kinàdòroonàn. <a id="a92.12" name= -"a92.12"></a>Marámi sya ŋ inutúsan sa malalaki -ŋ báyan úpaŋ hanápin si <a id="a92.13" -name="a92.13"></a>Hwàn, dátapuwat nakaraan nà -aŋ marámi ŋ áraw ay walá pa ŋ -<a id="a92.14" name="a92.14"></a>nagkapálad káhit -isà sa kanilà na makátagpòʾ kay -Hwàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Her physician advised Andrés that, if he wanted -to save his daughter, he would have to follow her desire regarding -marriage to Juan. But when Andrés consented, it was already too -late. Maria’s sickness went from bad to worse, and he did not -even know where Juan was. He sent many messengers to the large towns to -look for Juan, but even when many days had passed, not one of them had -succeeded in finding Juan.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a92.15" name="a92.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Sa kalaúnan aŋ isa sa kanilà y -nàtagpuan itò sa báya-ŋ-Kamálig <a id= -"a92.16" name="a92.16"></a>sa kanya ŋ gàwáan. -Naŋ màbalitáan nya na ipinasúsundo <a id= -"a92.17" name="a92.17"></a>syà ni Andrès úpaŋ -ipakasàl sila ŋ dalawà ni Maryà, ay -lubhà ŋ malakì aŋ kanyà ŋ -nagiŋ twàʾ. Dátapuwat gayon dìn <a id= -"a92.19" name="a92.19"></a>malakì aŋ kanya ŋ -tákot na baká hindí nya abúta ŋ -buhày aŋ <a id="a92.20" name="a92.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>kanya ŋ inìíbig. Sya y -matúli ŋ matúli ŋ umwèʾ at naŋ -dumatìŋ sya sa báhay niy Andrès ay -nàkíta nya doòn aŋ butò t balàt -na <a id="a92.22" name="a92.22"></a>paŋaŋatawàn ni -Maryà nàlàlátag sa kanya ŋ -hihigàn. Naŋ sandalí <a id="a92.23" name= -"a92.23"></a>ri ŋ iyòn ay nagpasundú si -Andrès naŋ isa ŋ páreʾ, at si <a id= -"a92.24" name="a92.24"></a>Hwàn at si Maryà y -ipinakasàl. Hábaŋ aŋ pagkakasàl ay -idinàdaos <a id="a92.25" name="a92.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>naŋ páreʾ aŋ -hiniŋà namàn ni Maryà ay -pumàpánaw. Naŋ <a id="a92.26" name= -"a92.26"></a>mákasal na silà ay nagkaroòn -lámaŋ si Hwàn naŋ panahò ŋ -mahagkàn <a id="a92.27" name="a92.27"></a>aŋ kanya ŋ -asáwa, at itò y pinanáwan naŋ -hiniŋà na aŋ <a id="a92.28" name= -"a92.28"></a>mukhá y masayà at -nàŋìŋitì aŋ bibìg.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">At last one of them came upon him in the town of Kamalig -in his workshop. When he was told that he was being sent for by -Andrés that he and Maria might be married, his joy was very -great. But he was also much afraid that he might not find his loved one -alive. He went home with all possible speed, and when he arrived at the -house of Andrés, he found there the body of Maria, mere bone and -skin, stretched out on her couch. That very moment Andrés sent -for a priest, and Juan and Maria were married. While the -marriage-ceremony was being performed by the priest, Maria’s -breath ceased. When they were married, Juan had but time to kiss his -wife before her breath left her, her face glad and her mouth smiling. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb93" href="#pb93" name= -"pb93">93</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s26" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a92.29" name="a92.29"></a><span class= -"divNum">26.</span> Si Markíta.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">26.</span> Marquita.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><span class="lineNum">30</span>Si Markíta -ay isà ŋ dalága ŋ mabaìt at -magandà, dátapuwat <a id="a92.31" name= -"a92.31"></a>mahírap. Sya y máy-roo ŋ isa ŋ -nóbyo na mahírap dìn, dátapuwat <a id= -"a92.32" name="a92.32"></a>may empléyo sa gobyèrno sa -Maynílaʾ at máy-roo ŋ mabúti ŋ -swèldo.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Marquita was a good and beautiful young woman, but -poor. She was betrothed to a man who also was poor, but had a position -with the Government in Manila and received good pay.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Si Markíta ay máy-roo ŋ isa ŋ -kápit-báhay na mayáman. Aŋ <a id="a92.35" -name="a92.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>báhay ay -tablà, at yéro aŋ bubuŋàn, -malápad aŋ kanya ŋ bukirìn. <a id="a92.36" -name="a92.36"></a>Aŋ kápit-báhay na ytò y -malakì aŋ pagkágusto kay Markíta, <a id= -"a92.37" name="a92.37"></a>dátapuwat hindí nátin -màsàsábe kuŋ túnay aŋ kanya -ŋ pagíbig, <a id="a92.38" name="a92.38"></a>sapagkàt -maluwàg aŋ kanya ŋ tornílyo. Lahàt -naŋ pagsúyoʾ ay ginawá nya kay Markíta, -dátapuwat si Markíta y isa ŋ dalága ŋ -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb94" href="#pb94" name= -"pb94">94</a>]</span><a id="a94.1" name="a94.1"></a>hindí -sa-lawáhan aŋ loòb, at aŋ lahàt naŋ -kanya ŋ pagsúyoʾ ay <a id="a94.2" name= -"a94.2"></a>hindí pinansìn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Marquita had a rich neighbor. His house was of wood, -with an iron roof, and his estate was large. This neighbor had a great -liking for Marquita, but we cannot say whether his love was true, for -he had a screw loose. He paid every attention to Marquita, but Marquita -was not a girl of fickle heart and paid no heed to all his -attentions.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Sa kalakhàn naŋ pagíbig naŋ -maŋlilígaw na si Markíta ay <a id="a94.4" name= -"a94.4"></a>mápasa kanyà, aŋ ginawá nya y -gumámit naŋ lakàs. Isa ŋ hápon <a id= -"a94.5" name="a94.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>pumások -sa bakúran nila Markíta at nagkubli syà sa isa -ŋ púno-ŋ-ságiŋ. <a id="a94.6" name= -"a94.6"></a>Naŋ hápu ŋ yoòn ay nagkátaon -namà ŋ aŋ bakúran <a id="a94.7" name= -"a94.7"></a>nilà Markíta ay marumì. Kanyà -itò y nanáog at niwalisàn aŋ <a id="a94.8" -name="a94.8"></a>bakúran. Pagkátabi nyà sa -púno-ŋ-ságiŋ na pinagkùkublihàn -naŋ laláke, itò y lumápit pagdáka, -tinaŋnàn sya sa kamày at kanyà <a id="a94.10" -name="a94.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>sya -hinagkàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">So great was the desire of this suitor to win Marquita -that he decided to employ force. One afternoon he went into the yard of -Marquita’s <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb95" href="#pb95" name= -"pb95">95</a>]</span>family and hid in a banana-tree. It happened that -on this afternoon Marquita’s yard was dirty. Accordingly she went -and swept the yard. When she came near the banana-tree in which the man -was hiding, he suddenly dropped down, seized her by the hand and kissed -her.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a94.11" name= -"a94.11"></a>Nàlàláman na ninyò na sa -maŋa mahihinhì ŋ táo doòn sa <a id= -"a94.12" name="a94.12"></a>átin aŋ isa ŋ halìk -ay isa ŋ malakì ŋ kasiraàn naŋ -púri. Dáhil díto naŋ si Markíta ay -pumanhìk sa báhay na umíiyàk, at naŋ -<a id="a94.14" name="a94.14"></a>màláman naŋ kanya -ŋ maŋa magúlaŋ na syà y -tinampalásan o <a id="a94.15" name="a94.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>hinagkàn naŋ laláki ŋ -iyòn, inakálà nila na walà ŋ iba -ŋ paŋtakìp <a id="a94.16" name="a94.16"></a>sa -kasiraà-ŋ-púri ŋ itò kuŋ -hindí aŋ ipakasàl nilà sa laláki -ŋ <a id="a94.17" name="a94.17"></a>iyòn aŋ -kanilà ŋ anàk na si Markíta. Káhit -anò ŋ pagayàw aŋ <a id="a94.18" name= -"a94.18"></a>ginawá ni Markíta at káhit na -nàlàláman nilà na itò y may -kaìbígan, ay kanila rì ŋ ipinatúloy -aŋ pagkakasàl.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">As you know, among reputable people in our country a -single kiss is a great stain on a girl’s honor. Therefore, when -Marquita came into the house weeping and her parents found out that she -had been roughly handled or kissed by this man, they decided that there -was no other way of covering up this disgrace than marrying their -daughter Marquita to this man. No matter how much Marquita objected, -and although they knew that she had a sweetheart, they nevertheless -prepared for the marriage.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a94.20" name="a94.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Si Markíta ay isa ŋ báta ŋ -lubhà ŋ masùnúrin sa kanya ŋ <a id= -"a94.21" name="a94.21"></a>maŋa magúlaŋ, kanyá -hindí sya makasuwày naŋ tòtohánan -ŋayòn. <a id="a94.22" name="a94.22"></a>Aŋ -ginawá na lámaŋ niyà ay isinúlat nya -sa kanya ŋ nóvyo aŋ <a id="a94.23" name= -"a94.23"></a>maŋa naŋyári at -maŋyàyári at sinábi nya ŋ aŋ -magígiŋ pagkakasàl <a id="a94.24" name= -"a94.24"></a>sa kanyà ay isa lámaŋ pagsunòd -sa maŋa magúlaŋ at siya <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>rìn ay kanya ŋ inìíbig. Sa -maŋa magúlaŋ namàn ni Markíta ay <a id= -"a94.26" name="a94.26"></a>kanya ŋ sinábi na sya ay -hindí nila pakìkinabáŋan, sapagkàt -aŋ <a id="a94.27" name="a94.27"></a>pagkakasàl nya sa -táu ŋ kanya ŋ kinabùbuwisítan ay -kanyà ŋ <a id="a94.28" name="a94.28"></a>ikamámatay -na madalìʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Marquita was a daughter very obedient to her parents, so -she could not actually disobey them now. All she did was to write her -betrothed what had happened and what was going to happen and to tell -him that her coming marriage was only an act of obedience to her -parents, and that she loved only him. To her parents Marquita said that -they would get no joy from her, for her marriage to the man whom she -abhorred would soon be the death of her.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a94.29" name="a94.29"></a>Ikinasàl -silà. Hindí nalaúnan at <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e5736" title="Source: inapúyan">inapuyàn</span> si -Markíta naŋ <a id="a94.30" name="a94.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>lagnàt. Mulá sa áraw naŋ -kanya ŋ pagkakasàl ay hindí sya makakáin -<a id="a94.31" name="a94.31"></a>naŋ káhit anò, at -áraw-gabì sya y lumùlúhaʾ. Aŋ -maŋa <a id="a94.32" name="a94.32"></a>magagalìŋ na -médiko sa báyan, aŋ lahàt naŋ -yáman naŋ kanya <a id="a94.33" name="a94.33"></a>ŋ -asáwa, at aŋ lahàt naŋ maŋa -panaláŋin naŋ kanya ŋ maŋa <a id="a94.34" -name="a94.34"></a>magúlaŋ ay hindí -makapagligtàs sa kanyà sa kamàtáyan. -Pagkaraàn <a id="a94.35" name="a94.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>naŋ pitù ŋ áraw naŋ -kanya ŋ pagkákasàl ay sya y namatày. -Itò y nagìŋ malakì ŋ -kaluŋkútan naŋ kanya ŋ nagìŋ -nóbyo <a id="a94.37" name="a94.37"></a>at isa ŋ -nakatúloŋ sa nagìŋ -kasawià-ŋ-pálad nitò sa kanya ŋ -búhay na dumatìŋ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">They were married. It was not long before Marquita was -stricken with fever. From the day of her marriage she was not able to -eat anything, and she shed tears day and night. The skilful physicians -of the town, all the wealth of her husband, and all the prayers of her -parents, failed to save her from death. Seven days after her wedding -she died. This caused much grief to her former betrothed and -contributed to his misfortune in his later life.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s27" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a94.39" name="a94.39"></a><span class= -"divNum">27.</span> Aŋ maŋmàŋ na -páreʾ.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">27.</span> The ignorant -priest.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><span class="lineNum">40</span>Sa -báya-ŋ-Balíwag ay máy nàdistíno -ŋ isa ŋ pári ŋ wala ŋ <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb96" href="#pb96" name= -"pb96">96</a>]</span>muwàŋ káhit anu màn. -Hinìhinálaʾ naŋ maŋa táo na -syà y isa <a id="a96.2" name="a96.2"></a>ŋ sakatéro -lámaŋ sa Espánya na nápadpad doòn at -idinistíno sa <a id="a96.3" name="a96.3"></a>kanilà -ŋ báyan úpaŋ magkaroòn naŋ -swèldo at sa gayò y máligtas <a id="a96.4" name= -"a96.4"></a>sa pagkamatày naŋ gútom. -Liŋgo-liŋgò syà y nagmìmísa, -dátapwat <a id="a96.5" name="a96.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>aŋ maŋa nakíkinig naŋ -mísa ay wala ŋ márinig sa kanyà <a id="a96.6" -name="a96.6"></a>kuŋ hindìʾ aŋ salità -ŋ “Mísa, mísa, mísa,” at iba -pà. Papasí-pasyal <a id="a96.7" name="a96.7"></a>sa -harapàn naŋ altàr; kuŋ mínsan ay -humáharap sa maŋa <a id="a96.8" name= -"a96.8"></a>táo, pinagdódoop aŋ kamày, at sa -lahàt naŋ pagkílos nya ŋ itò <a id= -"a96.9" name="a96.9"></a>y wala ŋ patìd nya ŋ -sinàsábi aŋ “Mísa, mísa, -mísa,” at iba pà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">To the town of Baliwag there was once assigned a -priest who had <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb97" href="#pb97" name= -"pb97">97</a>]</span>no education whatever. The people surmised that he -was only a grass-cutter in Spain, who had been cast hither by chance -and assigned as priest to their town so that he might have some income -and so be saved from dying of hunger. Every Sunday he said mass, but -those who heard the mass could hear nothing from him, except only the -word “Mass, mass, mass,” and so on. He would walk round in -front of the altar; at times he faced the people, brought his hands -together, and, while making all these movements, he would keep saying -his “Mass, mass, mass,” and so on.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a96.10" name="a96.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Aŋ maŋa táo y nagálit at -ipinagsumbòŋ sya sa arsubìspo. <a id="a96.11" name= -"a96.11"></a>Aŋ sagòt naŋ arsubìspo ay -páparoon sya ŋ isà ŋ liŋgò at -makíkinig <a id="a96.12" name="a96.12"></a>naŋ mísa, -úpaŋ màkíta kuŋ túnay -ŋàʾ aŋ sumboŋ nilà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The people got angry and reported him to the archbishop. -The answer of the archbishop was that he would come some Sunday and -hear the mass to see if their accusation was really true.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Dumatìŋ doòn aŋ -arsubìspo. Sa kanyà y sinábi naŋ -páriʾ <a id="a96.14" name="a96.14"></a>na sya y -hindí makapagmísa, sapagkàt aŋ maŋa -ulòl na táo ay <a id="a96.15" name= -"a96.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>nagààlísan sa simbáhan -paguumpisà nya naŋ mísa.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The archbishop arrived. The priest told him that he was -not able to perform mass, because the silly people all left the church -as soon as he began mass.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a96.16" name= -"a96.16"></a>“Búkas,” sinábi pa nyà, -“ay màmàmasdàn ninyò aŋ kanila -<a id="a96.17" name="a96.17"></a>ŋ pagtatakbúhan sa -pagbebendisyòn ko pa lámaŋ.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Tomorrow,” he added, “you will see -how they all run away as soon as I give the blessing.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a96.18" name= -"a96.18"></a>Kinàbukásan ay liŋgò at sa -pagmimísa nya ay háharap aŋ <a id="a96.19" name= -"a96.19"></a>arsubìspo. Umísip sya naŋ paraàn -naŋ pagliligtàs sa kanya ŋ <a id="a96.20" name= -"a96.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>saríle. -Kanyàʾ, bágu sya nagumpisà naŋ -pagmimísa ay nagpakuló <a id="a96.21" name= -"a96.21"></a>sya naŋ laŋìs. Hábaŋ sya y -nagbìbíhis aŋ maŋa táo namàn -<a id="a96.22" name="a96.22"></a>at aŋ arsubìspo ay -nàùupú na sa simbáhan. Aŋ -arsubìspo ay malápit sa altàr at hábaŋ -sya y nagbìbíhis aŋ laŋìs namàn -ay <a id="a96.24" name="a96.24"></a>kasalukúya ŋ -kumúkulòʾ. Naŋ makapagbíhis na -syà ay ibinúhus <a id="a96.25" name= -"a96.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>nya sa lalagyàn -naŋ túbig na bendíta aŋ kumúkulu ŋ -laŋìs. Aŋ <a id="a96.26" name= -"a96.26"></a>ugálì nya ay magbendisyòn múna -bágu magmísa, kanyàʾ pagpások <a id= -"a96.27" name="a96.27"></a>nya sa simbáhan ay sya nyà -ŋ iniwisìk sa maŋa táo aŋ kumúkulu -<a id="a96.28" name="a96.28"></a>ŋ laŋìs sa -lugàr naŋ àgwa-bendíta. Aŋ maŋa -táo ŋ dinapúan <a id="a96.29" name= -"a96.29"></a>naŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e5850" title= -"Source: maínit">maiínit</span> na patàk naŋ -laŋìs ay nagsipagtindìg at -úbus-làkása <a id="a96.30" name= -"a96.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>ŋ -nagsipagtakbúhan papalabàs sa simbáhan. Naŋ -màkíta <a id="a96.31" name="a96.31"></a>itò -naŋ arsubìspo ay hindí nya ipinatulòy aŋ -pagmimísa sa áraw na iyòn, sapagkàt wala -ŋ nátira sa simbáhan ní isa màn sa -maŋa táo.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The next day was Sunday and at his mass the archbishop -was to be present. He planned a way of saving himself. Accordingly, -before beginning the mass, he caused some oil to boil. While he was -putting on his vestments the people and the archbishop were seated in -the church. The archbishop was near the altar, and, while the priest -was putting on his vestments, the oil was boiling. When he had put on -his vestments, he poured the boiling oil into the vessel for holy -water. It was his custom to give the blessing before saying mass, so, -when he entered the church, he sprinkled the boiling oil on the people -instead of holy-water. The people, struck by the drops of hot oil, all -jumped up and ran with all their might out of the church. When the -archbishop saw this, he did not have the mass gone on with on that day, -for there was not a single one of the people left in the church.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a96.34" name="a96.34"></a>Sinábi naŋ -arsubìspo sa párìʾ na sya y hindí -mààalìs sa báya <a id="a96.35" name= -"a96.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>ŋ iyòn at -hindí na nyà pàpansinìn aŋ anu -mà ŋ ipagsumbòŋ naŋ maŋa -táo.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The archbishop said to the priest that he would not have -to leave the town and that hereafter he would not heed any accusation -that the people made.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s28" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a96.37" name="a96.37"></a><span class= -"divNum">28.</span> Aŋ pàkumpisálan.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">28.</span> The confessional.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a96.38" name="a96.38"></a>Si -Párì Mundò ay sya ŋ nàdistínu -ŋ ilà ŋ taòn sa -báya-ŋ-Marikína. <a id="a96.39" name= -"a96.39"></a>Sya y isa ŋ táo ŋ maibigìn sa -pagliliwalìw. Sa pagtupàd <a id="a96.40" name= -"a96.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>sa kanya ŋ maŋa -tuŋkúlin sya y hindí nagkùkúlaŋ -káylan <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb98" href="#pb98" name= -"pb98">98</a>]</span><a id="a98.1" name="a98.1"></a>màn. -Araw-áraw sya y nagmìmísa at kuŋ -liŋgò ay makálawa <a id="a98.2" name="a98.2"></a>sya -ŋ magmísa. Gayon dìn sya y <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e5894" title= -"Source: magbíbinyàg">nagbíbinyàg</span> -naŋ maŋa bátaʾ, <a id="a98.3" name= -"a98.3"></a>nagbèbendisyòn naŋ patày, -nagháhatid naŋ biyátiko, -nagpàpakumpisàl, <a id="a98.4" name="a98.4"></a>at -nagpakinábaŋ. Aŋ lahàt naŋ kanyà -ŋ tuŋkúlin ay <a id="a98.5" name= -"a98.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>sinúsunod nyà -ŋ mabúte, dátapuwat aŋ pagpapakumpisàl -ay nilalúan <a id="a98.6" name="a98.6"></a>nya naŋ -kauntìʾ. Sa ganà ŋ kanyà sigúro -ŋ itò y mabúte <a id="a98.7" name= -"a98.7"></a>úpaŋ pauntiìn aŋ maŋa -kasalánan naŋ kanya ŋ kinúkumpisàl, -dátapuwat sa ibà sa kanya ŋ maŋa -kinúkumpisal itò y may nagìŋ masamà -ŋ dúlo.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Father Mundo was the priest assigned for some -years to the town of Mariquina. He was a man who liked amusements. He -was never deficient in the fulfilment of his duties. Every day he said -mass, and <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb99" href="#pb99" name= -"pb99">99</a>]</span>on Sunday he said mass twice. Also, he christened -children, said blessings over the dead, carried the sacrament, heard -confession, and gave holy communion. He performed all his duties well, -but the confessing he overdid a little. From his point of view this was -perhaps useful in lessening the sins of those whom he confessed, but -for some of the latter it had its bad side.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a98.10" name="a98.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Mínsan máy-ro ŋ isà ŋ -babái ŋ dalága na mapagsimbà at <a id= -"a98.11" name="a98.11"></a>mapagkumpisàl. Naŋ -dumatìŋ aŋ dalága ŋ itò sa dalawa -ŋ pù ŋ <a id="a98.12" name="a98.12"></a>taòn -aŋ gúlaŋ ay iníwan na nyà aŋ -kabànála ŋ pagkukumpisàl, <a id="a98.13" -name="a98.13"></a>gayon dìn bihíra ŋ -magsimbà. Naŋ mínsan usisáin aŋ -babáye ŋ itò ay nagsábi naŋ -ganitò:</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Once there was a young woman who was fond of going to -church and to confession. When this young woman reached the age of -twenty years, she abandoned the pious duty of going to confession, and -also went to church but rarely. Once when this woman was questioned, -she spoke as follows:</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a98.15" name="a98.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>“Noo ŋ úna aŋ boò -ŋ akálà ko si Párì Mundò ay isa -ŋ sànto, <a id="a98.16" name="a98.16"></a>dátapwat -ŋayò y nàpagkìkilála naŋ -marámi na sya y isa ŋ buwísit <a id="a98.17" name= -"a98.17"></a>na táo. Kuŋ bahàʾ at aŋ -maŋa táo y nagsìsipamaŋkàʾ sa -bahàʾ, <a id="a98.18" name="a98.18"></a>sya y sa -baŋkàʾ naŋ maŋa babáe -nakíkisakày at hindí sa maŋa <a id="a98.19" -name="a98.19"></a>laláki. Kuŋ umága pagkamísa -nya ay màkìkíta na sya ŋ -nakataluŋkò <a id="a98.20" name="a98.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>sa kanya ŋ pátyo na aŋ ábito -y nagùgúmun sa lúpaʾ at sya <a id="a98.21" -name="a98.21"></a>y humàhágod naŋ manòk -kaharàp naŋ ibà ŋ sabuŋéro.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“At first I really thought that Father Mundo was a -saint, but now the people realize that he is a horrid man. At -flood-time, when the people are all canoeing on the flood, he rides -along in the women’s canoe, and not with the men. In the morning, -after saying mass, he is seen squatting in his courtyard with his -vestments trailing on the ground, petting fighting-cocks, in company -with the other cock-fighters.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a98.22" name="a98.22"></a>“Noo ŋ -úna akò y madalàs magkumpisàl sa -kanyà, dátapwat <a id="a98.23" name= -"a98.23"></a>dumatìŋ aŋ isa ŋ áraw na -panày na kaululàn lámaŋ aŋ -ipagtatanòŋ <a id="a98.24" name="a98.24"></a>nya sa -ákin sa kumpìsálan. Súkat ba ŋ -itinanòŋ <span class="lineNum">25</span>nya sa ákin -kuŋ ilàn aŋ manlilígaw sa ákin, kuŋ -síno aŋ <a id="a98.26" name="a98.26"></a>áki ŋ -inìíbig, at kuŋ saàn akò -makìkipagtagpòʾ? Sa loob-loòb ku <a id= -"a98.27" name="a98.27"></a>lámaŋ ay -nàpakawala-ŋ-hyàʾ aŋ pári ŋ -itò. Kanyàʾ iníwan ku <a id="a98.28" name= -"a98.28"></a>sya agàd sa kumpìsálan at mulá -noon ay hindí na akò naŋumpisàl.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“At first I often confessed to him, but there came -a day when the things he asked me in the confessional were nothing but -foolishness. Was it right for him to ask me how many suitors I had, -whom I liked, and where I met them? What I thought was that this priest -was extremely impudent. So I left him at once in the confessional, and -since that time I have not been going to confession.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s29" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a98.30" name="a98.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><span class="divNum">29.</span> Si Hwà ŋ -bíbas.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">29.</span> Juan the joker.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a98.31" name="a98.31"></a>Si Hwàn ay -isa táo ŋ mapaggawá naŋ kaululàn, -dátapuwat <a id="a98.32" name="a98.32"></a>itò y -hindí nya sinásadyàʾ úpaŋ -magpagálit naŋ kápwa táo, kuŋ <a id= -"a98.33" name="a98.33"></a>hindí yon ay talagà ŋ sya -nyà ŋ ugáliʾ na átas sa kanya naŋ -kanya <a id="a98.34" name="a98.34"></a>ŋ pagiísip.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Juan was a man <span class="corr" id="xd21e8339" -title="Source: giving">given</span> to doing nonsensical things, but he -did not do them intentionally to anger his fellow-men; it was merely -his natural habit, prompted by his character.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a98.35" name="a98.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>Mínsan sya y naparòn sa fiyèsta -naŋ isa ŋ báyan. May <a id="a98.36" name= -"a98.36"></a>pasàn sya ŋ tatlò ŋ biìk, -úpaŋ ipagbilè sa báyan. Naŋ sya y -dumatiŋ nà, nàkíta nya sa pátyo -naŋ simbáhan aŋ marámi ŋ táo <a id= -"a98.38" name="a98.38"></a>ŋ nalìlípon at -nakíkinìg naŋ biníbigkas na -talumpátiʾ naŋ kápitan <a id="a98.39" name= -"a98.39"></a>sa báyan. <span class="corr" id="xd21e5998" title= -"Source: Masakìp">Masikìp</span> aŋ -pagkakátayo naŋ maŋa táo, dátapwat -<a id="a98.40" name="a98.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>sya y -nálapit dìn sa paanàn naŋ entabládo na -kinàtàtayuàn naŋ <a id="a98.41" name= -"a98.41"></a>nagtàtalumpátiʾ. Hábaŋ -nakìkipagsiksíkan syà, aŋ tatlò ŋ -biìk <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb100" href="#pb100" name= -"pb100">100</a>]</span><a id="a100.1" name="a100.1"></a>ay wala ŋ -lubày naŋ pagyàk. Naŋ syà y -makaratiŋ nà sa harapàn <a id="a100.2" name= -"a100.2"></a>naŋ kápitan, tinúkup nya aŋ -maŋa bibìg, úpaŋ silà y -patahanìn, <a id="a100.3" name="a100.3"></a>dátapwat -walá sya ŋ magawàʾ. Náino naŋ -kápitan aŋ <a id="a100.4" name="a100.4"></a>maŋa -ìyákan naŋ biìk at tiniŋnan nyà -kuŋ síno aŋ máy dala doòn <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>naŋ maŋa biìk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Once he went to the festival of a certain town. He was -carrying three young pigs to sell in the town. When he got there, he -saw many people gathered in the courtyard of the church and listening -to a speech which the mayor of the town was delivering. The people -stood in a dense crowd, but he succeeded in getting close to the foot -of the platform on which the orator was standing. While he took part in -the crowding, the three pigs kept squealing. When he had arrived in -front of the mayor, he held his hand over their mouths to make them -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb101" href="#pb101" name= -"pb101">101</a>]</span>keep quiet, but he did not succeed. The mayor -took notice of the squealing of the pigs and looked round to see who -had brought the pigs there.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Naŋ màkíta nya si Hwàn ay -sinábi nya aŋ ganítò: “Huwán! -<a id="a100.7" name="a100.7"></a>Anò aŋ gustu mò -ŋ sabíhin sa pagpapaiyàk mo díto naŋ iyo -ŋ <a id="a100.8" name="a100.8"></a>maŋa biìk? -Lumáyas ka ŋayon dìn, at hwag kà ŋ -makàtuntoŋ-tuntòŋ <a id="a100.9" name= -"a100.9"></a>káylan màn sa -lúpa-ŋ-Bùstos!”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When he saw Juan he addressed him as follows: -“Juan! What do you mean by making your pigs squeal here? Get out -of here at once and never again dare to set foot on the ground of -Bustos!”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a100.10" name="a100.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Si Hwàn ay umalìs at umwèʾ -sa kanya ŋ báyan sa San-Ildepònso. Nakaraàn -aŋ isa ŋ taòn at dumatìŋ na -mulìʾ aŋ <a id="a100.12" name= -"a100.12"></a>fyèsta sa báyan naŋ Bùstos. -Iníbig ni Hwàn na pumaroòn, dátapuwat -<a id="a100.13" name="a100.13"></a>nàalaála nya na -tinaŋáan sya naŋ kápitan sa báya ŋ -iyòn na, pag sya y nàkíta ŋ mulìʾ -sa lúpa-ŋ-Bùstos, ay sya y <a id="a100.15" name= -"a100.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e6047" title= -"Source: ipabíbilanŋgòʾ">ipabíbilaŋgòʾ</span> -at pahìhirápan. Umísip si Hwàn naŋ -paraàn úpaŋ <a id="a100.16" name= -"a100.16"></a>makaparòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan departed and went home to his town of San -Ildefonso. A year passed, and the festival in the town of Bustos came -round again. Juan wanted to go there, but he remembered that the mayor -of that town had threatened him that, if he were seen again on the -ground of Bustos, he would have him imprisoned and tortured. Juan -thought of a way of going there none the less.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Naŋ dumatìŋ aŋ fiyèsta ay -máy-roo ŋ isà ŋ mísa ŋ -malakì <a id="a100.18" name="a100.18"></a>na dinaluhàn -naŋ líbo-líbo ŋ táo. Si Hwàn ay -isà sa maŋa táo <a id="a100.19" name= -"a100.19"></a>ŋ itò at syà aŋ -nàpàpansìn naŋ marámi ŋ -táo, dahilàn sa anyò <a id="a100.20" name= -"a100.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>naŋ pagkálagay -nyà doòn sa loòb naŋ simbáhan. -Dí nalaúnan <a id="a100.21" name="a100.21"></a>at -isà sa maŋa táo ŋ nagmámasid sa -kanyà ay nagsumbùŋ sa kápitan at -sinábi na si Hwàn ay násàsa loòb -naŋ simbáhan at <a id="a100.23" name= -"a100.23"></a>nakasakày sa isa ŋ karéta na -hinìhíla naŋ kalabàw, at aŋ -lahàt, karéta, kalabàw, at si Hwàn ay -násàsa loòb naŋ simbáhan. Si <a id= -"a100.25" name="a100.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>Hwàn -ay hindí nanànáog sa karéta ŋ kanya -ŋ tinùtuntuŋàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the festival arrived, there was a high mass, which -was attended by thousands of people. Juan was one of these people, and -he it was whom all the people were watching, owing to the manner of his -appearance there in the church. It was not long before one of the -people who were watching him complained to the mayor, saying that Juan -was in the church mounted on a wagon drawn by <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e8352" title="Source: caribou">carabao</span>, and that the whole -thing, wagon, <span class="corr" id="xd21e8355" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span>, and Juan, was inside the church. Juan -had not got down from the wagon on which he was standing.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Pumarùn aŋ kápitan sa simbáhan -úpaŋ hulíhin si Hwàn. Naŋ <a id= -"a100.27" name="a100.27"></a>málapit syà díto ay -sinábi nyà: “Huwán! Sumunòd ka sa -ákin <a id="a100.28" name="a100.28"></a>at -ibíbilaŋgú kità. Hindí ba -sinábi ko nà sa iyò t hwàg kà ŋ -<a id="a100.29" name="a100.29"></a>tútuntoŋ naŋ -lúpa-ŋ-Bùstos?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The mayor went to the church to arrest Juan. When he got -there he said: “Juan! Follow me, I am going to imprison you. -Didn’t I tell you not to set foot on the ground of -Bustos?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a100.30" name="a100.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Isinagòt namàn ni Hwàn: -“Ginoò ŋ Kápitan! Sinábi -ŋàʾ po ninyò sa ákin iyàn. -Kanyàʾ akò y hindí makaalìs sa -áki ŋ <a id="a100.32" name="a100.32"></a>karéta. -Nàkìkíta pú ba ninyò itò -ŋ lúpa ŋ lúlan naŋ áki ŋ -karéta at sya kò ŋ tinùtuntuŋàn? -Ito pòʾ ay hindè lúpa-ŋ-Bùstos -kuŋ <a id="a100.34" name="a100.34"></a>hindí -lúpa-ŋ-San-Ildepònso. Doòn ko pòʾ -sa áki ŋ báyan kinúha <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>aŋ lúpa ŋ itò.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">But Juan answered: “Mr. Mayor! You certainly did -tell me that. That is why I cannot get out of my wagon. Do you see this -earth, sir, with which my wagon is loaded and on which I am standing? -This is not the ground of Bustos, sir, but earth of San Ildefonso. I -got this earth in my town.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a100.36" name= -"a100.36"></a>Pagkàsábi ni Hwàn nitò ay -hindí nàpigílan naŋ kápitan aŋ -<a id="a100.37" name="a100.37"></a>pagtáwa, at sinábi na -lámaŋ nya sa kanya ŋ saríli na syà y -wala <a id="a100.38" name="a100.38"></a>ŋ magágawa kay -Hwàn, sapagkàt itò y nása -katwíran.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When Juan had said this, the mayor could not restrain -his laughter and only said to himself that he could do nothing to Juan, -for the latter was in the right.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s30" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">30.</span> Tatlò ŋ -magkakaybíga ŋ magnanákaw.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">30.</span> The three -thieves.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a100.40" name="a100.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Si Hwàn, si Andrès, at si Dyégo -ay tatlò ŋ magagalìŋ na <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb102" href="#pb102" name= -"pb102">102</a>]</span><a id="a102.1" name= -"a102.1"></a>magnanákaw. Silà y balíta ŋ -balítaʾ, at marámi ŋ táo aŋ -nagsìsihúle <a id="a102.2" name="a102.2"></a>sa -kanilà, dátapuwat sa galìŋ nilà -naŋ paŋiŋílag at pagnanákaw <a id="a102.3" -name="a102.3"></a>ay hindí sila màhúle. Aŋ -tatlò ŋ itù y nagtìpána ŋ <a id= -"a102.4" name="a102.4"></a>mínsan na magtatagpòʾ -sila sa isa ŋ lugàr na tahímik at líhim -<a id="a102.5" name="a102.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>úpaŋ pagusápan nilà aŋ -kanilà ŋ pamumúhay at maŋa mabubúti -ŋ bágo ŋ paraàn naŋ pagnanákaw. -Silà ŋ tatlò ay nabùbúhay <a id= -"a102.7" name="a102.7"></a>sa pagnanákaw lámaŋ. -Ní isa màn sa kanilà ay walà ŋ -paghahánap na mabúte. Mulá pa sa -pagkabátàʾ ay ganito nà aŋ kanila <a id= -"a102.9" name="a102.9"></a>ŋ pamumúhay, kanyàʾ -silà y nagìŋ matalíno at lubhà ŋ -makínis <span class="lineNum">10</span>sa gawa ŋ -itò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">Juan, Andrés, and Diego were three expert -thieves. They were <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb103" href="#pb103" -name="pb103">103</a>]</span>very famous, and many people were trying to -catch them, but their cleverness at dodging and stealing kept them from -being caught. The three once made an appointment to meet at a certain -quiet and secret place to discuss their means of livelihood and new -good methods of thievery. Not one of them had an honest trade. This had -been their mode of life from childhood on, so they had become skilful -and very clever at this activity.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a102.11" name="a102.11"></a>Naŋ -dumatìŋ aŋ áraw naŋ kanilà ŋ -tìpánan, madali ŋ áraw <a id="a102.12" name= -"a102.12"></a>pa lámaŋ ay nàròroòn na -silà. Malakì ŋ pamamalítaʾ naŋ -báwat <a id="a102.13" name="a102.13"></a>isà at -hindí magkàmáyaw aŋ kanila ŋ -pagbabàlitaàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the day of their meeting came, they were there -already at dawn. Each one of them had much to tell, and, as they were -all talking at once, their stories were indistinguishable.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a102.14" name="a102.14"></a>Itinanòŋ -ni Hwàn kay Dyégo: “Gánu ka na bà -kakínis <span class="lineNum">15</span>ŋayòn sa -áti ŋ trabáho?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan asked of Diego: “How skilled are you now at -your work?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a102.16" name="a102.16"></a>“Sa damdam -kò,” aŋ sagòt ni Dyégo, “ay -akò aŋ pinakamakínis <a id="a102.17" name= -"a102.17"></a>sa áti ŋ tatlò, sapagkàt -akò y nakapagnànákaw naŋ maŋa <a id= -"a102.18" name="a102.18"></a>itlòg na -hinàhalimhimàn naŋ manòk na hindí -nàlàláman nitò. At <a id="a102.19" name= -"a102.19"></a>hindí itu lámaŋ,” idinugtuŋ -nyà, “aŋ maŋa háyop màn na -mababagsìk <a id="a102.20" name="a102.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>ay nànànakáwan ku naŋ -kanila ŋ inakày naŋ walá sila ŋ -málay.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“In my opinion,” answered Diego, “I am -the most skilful of us three, for I am able to steal the eggs a hen is -brooding on without its knowing it. And not only this,” he -continued, “I am able to rob wild animals of their young without -their noticing it.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a102.22" name="a102.22"></a>“Ganyàn -ba lámaŋ aŋ kínis mo?” isinabàd -pagdáka ni Andrès, “Akò ay -nakapagnànákaw sa háyop at gayon dìn sa -táo. <a id="a102.24" name="a102.24"></a>Aŋ maŋa -aláhas naŋ táo na íbig ko ŋ -nakáwin ay ninànákaw ko, <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>káhit na natùtúlog o -naglálakad aŋ may áreʾ. Mínsan ay -ninákaw <a id="a102.26" name="a102.26"></a>ko aŋ isa ŋ -siŋsìŋ na hinìhigàn naŋ may -áriʾ úpaŋ hwag <a id="a102.27" name= -"a102.27"></a>mànákaw, dátapwat itò y -nànákaw ko naŋ walá sya ŋ -málay.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Is that all your skill?” Andrés -quickly interrupted, “I am able to rob animals and men too. I -have stolen all of people’s jewelry that I wanted to steal, -whether the owner was asleep or up and about. Once I stole a ring that -the owner was sleeping on to keep it from being stolen,—but I -stole it without his noticing.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">“Ganyàn ba lámaŋ aŋ -kínis ninyò?” itinanùŋ ni Hwàn, -“Walá sa kalahátì naŋ kínis ko -sa pagnanákaw aŋ inyù ŋ maŋa <a id= -"a102.30" name="a102.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>nagágawàʾ. Akò y -nakapagnànákaw naŋ táo mìsmo at -hindí naŋ <a id="a102.31" name="a102.31"></a>kanila -lámaŋ na maŋa pagaáreʾ.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“Is that all the skill you two have?” asked -Juan. “The things you do don’t come halfway up to my skill -at stealing. I can steal people themselves, and not only their -property.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a102.32" name= -"a102.32"></a>Nàpagúlat aŋ dalawà nya ŋ -kaúsap, sapagkàt hindí nila inakála ŋ -aŋ isa ŋ táo ŋ buhày ay -maàári ŋ mànákaw naŋ hindí -nito <a id="a102.34" name="a102.34"></a>nàlàláman, -at úpaŋ subúkan nilà aŋ -galìŋ ni Hwàn ay nakipagpustáhan <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>silà ŋ dalawà kay Hwàn. -Sinábi nilà ŋ nakáwin nya aŋ -párìʾ sa báyan at ihatid nyà sa -lugàr na kanila ŋ kinàdòroonàn -ŋayòn. Kuŋ itù y magawá nya, -bàbayáran sya ni Andrès at ni <a id="a102.38" -name="a102.38"></a>Dyégo naŋ limà ŋ daà -ŋ píso. Dátapuwat kuŋ hindí nya -magawàʾ, bàbayáran nya si Andrès at si -Dyégo naŋ isa ŋ daà ŋ <a id="a102.40" -name="a102.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>píso. -Umáyon si Hwàn sa pustáha ŋ itò at -silà y naghiwá-hiwalày.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The two he was talking to were surprised, for they did -not think that a live man could be stolen without his knowing it, and, -to test Juan’s ability, the two made a bet with Juan. They told -him to steal the priest of the town and to bring him to the place where -they now were. If he succeeded in doing this, Andrés and Diego -would pay him five hundred pesos. But if he could not do it, he was to -pay Andrés and Diego one hundred pesos. Juan agreed to this bet, -and they parted.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a102.42" name="a102.42"></a>Si Hwàn ay -napatúŋu sa báyan at pinakibalitáan nya -kuŋ <a id="a102.43" name="a102.43"></a>saàn -nàtìtirà aŋ párèʾ. -Naŋ màláman nya itò ay nagisìp sya -naŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb104" href="#pb104" name= -"pb104">104</a>]</span><a id="a104.1" name="a104.1"></a>paraà -ŋ gágawin nyà na pagnákaw sa -párèʾ. Sya y pumásuk na <a id="a104.2" name= -"a104.2"></a>alílaʾ sa pári ŋ itò. Sa -kanya ŋ pagkàpaalíla ŋ itò ay -nàkilála nya aŋ maŋa ugáli naŋ -páreʾ. Isà sa kanya ŋ ugáliʾ na -hindí <a id="a104.4" name= -"a104.4"></a>nabàbáliʾ káylan màn ay -aŋ pagdadasàl naŋ rosáriyo sa harapàn -<a id="a104.5" name="a104.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>naŋ -isa ŋ poòn. Aŋ poò ŋ itò ay -nayàyárì naŋ káhoy, at itò y -<a id="a104.6" name="a104.6"></a>si Saŋ-Hwàn. Aŋ -lakì naŋ poò ŋ itò ay -kasiŋpantày naŋ isa ŋ táo.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a104.8" name="a104.8"></a>Aŋ ginawá -ni Hwàn ay nagpagawá sya sa isa ŋ mandurúkit -<a id="a104.9" name="a104.9"></a>naŋ isa ŋ poò ŋ -gáya rin nitò, dátapuwat hukày at wala -ŋ lamàn <a id="a104.10" name="a104.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>aŋ loòb. Aŋ bútas na -itò sa loòb naŋ katawàn naŋ poò -ŋ itò ay <a id="a104.11" name= -"a104.11"></a>maàári ŋ sootàn naŋ isa -ŋ táo. Naŋ mayárì na aŋ poò -ŋ pagawá <a id="a104.12" name="a104.12"></a>ni Hwàn, -ay pinalitan nyà aŋ poò ŋ si -Saŋ-Hwàn na túnay naárì naŋ -párèʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan went to the town and found out by inquiry where the -priest lived. When he had found this out, he figured out the plan he -would pursue in stealing the priest. He entered the priest’s -household as a servant. During his stay as a servant he became -acquainted with the habits of the priest. One of his habits, from which -he never deviated, was praying a rosary before the image of a saint. -The image was made of wood, and it represented Saint John. The size of -this image was equal to that of a man. Juan had a carver make an image -just like this one, but with an opening, and hollow inside. This -opening inside the body of the image of the saint was such that a man -could enter it. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb105" href="#pb105" -name="pb105">105</a>]</span>When the image which Juan had had made was -ready, he replaced with it the image of Saint John which belonged to -the priest.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a104.14" name="a104.14"></a>Isa ŋ -hápun bágu dumatìŋ aŋ orasyòn ay -kumúha sya naŋ <a id="a104.15" name= -"a104.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>isa ŋ sáko -naŋ bigàs at napaloòb sya sa loòb naŋ -sànto ŋ ipinagawá <a id="a104.16" name= -"a104.16"></a>nya. Pagkahápon naŋ párìʾ -itò y pumaroòn sa kwàrto ŋ <a id="a104.17" -name="a104.17"></a>kanya ŋ pinagdàdasalàn -úpaŋ magrosáryo. Naŋ -magkákalahatí <a id="a104.18" name="a104.18"></a>na -aŋ kanya ŋ pagdadasàl at kátaon namà -ŋ naŋàŋáwit na si <a id="a104.19" name= -"a104.19"></a>Hwàn sa pagkátayòʾ, ay -nagsalità ito: “Ihintú mu nà, -Párì <a id="a104.20" name="a104.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Lúkas, aŋ iyo ŋ pagdadasàl. -Ako y pinàparíto sa iyò úpaŋ -ihatìd kità sa láŋit.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">One afternoon before prayers he took a rice-sack and -went into the inside of the saint he had had made. When the priest had -eaten supper he went into the room in which he prayed, to say a rosary. -When he was halfway through his prayers, and just about as Juan was -getting tired of standing up, the latter spoke: “Cease your -praying, Father Lucas. I have been sent here to conduct you to -Heaven.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Naŋ úna ay siniglàn naŋ -tákot aŋ páreʾ, dátapuwat -inakálà <a id="a104.23" name="a104.23"></a>nya ŋ -aŋ kanya ŋ poòn ay nagmìmilágro at totoo -ŋà ŋ sinúsundú <a id="a104.24" name= -"a104.24"></a>sya úpaŋ ihatìd sa -kalaŋitàn.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a104.25" name="a104.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Sa kanyà ŋ hindí -pagkibòʾ ay nagsalità ŋ mulí si -Hwàn naŋ <a id="a104.26" name="a104.26"></a>ganitò: -“Marámi nà aŋ kabànála ŋ -iyù ŋ ginawàʾ. Matagàl ka <a id= -"a104.27" name="a104.27"></a>naŋ namùmúhay naŋ -mabábaʾ, at dáhil díto y -nàtàtaàn sa iyò aŋ <a id="a104.28" -name="a104.28"></a>lahàt naŋ kaginhawáhan sa -láŋit. Sumáma ka sa ákin at iháhatid -kità.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">At first the priest was filled with fear, but then he -thought that his saint was doing a miracle and was really calling for -him in order to take him to Heaven. As he did not say anything, Juan -again spoke as follows: “Many are the works of piety which you -have done. You have been patient in living a lowly life, therefore all -the joys of Heaven have been reserved for you. Come with me, and I -shall conduct you.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a104.30" name="a104.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Isinagòt naŋ páreʾ: -“Papáno aŋ gàgawin kò ŋ -pagsáma sa <a id="a104.31" name="a104.31"></a>iyò? -Akù y matandá na at hindí ako -makalàlákad mulà díto sa lúpaʾ -haŋgàŋ sa láŋit.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The priest answered: “How shall I manage to come -with you? I am old and cannot walk from here on earth as far as -Heaven.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a104.33" name="a104.33"></a>Isinagòt -namàn ni Hwàn: “Yòn ay hwag mù ŋ -alalahánin. <a id="a104.34" name="a104.34"></a>Máy-ron -ako ŋ isa ŋ sáko. Sumilìd ka díto at -pàpasanin kità sa <a id="a104.35" name= -"a104.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>pagpuntà sa -láŋit.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan answered: “Never you mind that, I have a bag -here. Get into it and I will carry you on my way to Heaven.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a104.36" name="a104.36"></a>At -pagkàsábi nya nitò y iniladlad nyà aŋ -sáko naŋ bigàs. <a id="a104.37" name= -"a104.37"></a>Pagkásilid naŋ páreʾ ay -tinalía ŋ mahigpìt ni Hwàn aŋ -sáko. <a id="a104.38" name="a104.38"></a>Lumabàs sya sa -loòb naŋ poòn at pinasan nyà si -Párì Lúkas <a id="a104.39" name= -"a104.39"></a>patúŋo sa báhay na kanya ŋ -pinagtipanàn sa dalawa ŋ kaybígan. <a id="a104.40" -name="a104.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>Tiwalà ŋ -tiwalá si Párì Lúkas na sya y -papuntà sa láŋit, kanyàʾ walá sya -ŋ kibòʾ sa loòb naŋ sáko.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When he had said this, he spread out the rice-sack. When -the priest had got into it, Juan tied the bag tightly. He got out from -inside the image and carried Father Lucas on his shoulder toward the -house where he had his appointment with his two friends. Father Lucas -really believed that he was going to Heaven, and so he staid still in -the sack.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a104.42" name="a104.42"></a>Dátapwat, -naŋ nagbàbátis na si Hwàn sa isa ŋ -mabábaw na <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb106" href="#pb106" -name="pb106">106</a>]</span><a id="a106.1" name= -"a106.1"></a>ílog, ay inakálà nya ŋ sya y -nàlòlóko lámaŋ at hindí sa -láŋit aŋ <a id="a106.2" name="a106.2"></a>punta -nilà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">However, when Juan was wading through a shallow river, -it occurred to him that he was being fooled and that they were not -going to Heaven at all.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Kanyà itinanùŋ nya kay Hwàn: -“Anu ŋ ílog itò, at bákit <a id= -"a106.4" name="a106.4"></a>táyo dápat tumawìd -naŋ ílog sa pagpuntà sa -láŋit?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Therefore he asked Juan: “What river is this, and -why must we cross a river on the way to Heaven?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a106.5" name="a106.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Isinagòt ni Hwàn: “Sssst! Hwag -kà ŋ maíŋay! Itò y ílog <a id= -"a106.6" name="a106.6"></a>naŋ Hòrdan.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Juan answered: “Shhh! Don’t make any noise! -This is the river Jordan.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a106.7" name="a106.7"></a>Aŋ -párì ay nagtahàn naŋ -pagsasalitàʾ. Ipinatúloy ni Hwàn aŋ -paglákad.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a106.9" name="a106.9"></a>Naŋ sya y -pumápanhik nà sa báhay na kanila ŋ -tagpúan, <a id="a106.10" name="a106.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>nàpagúlat na mulìʾ aŋ -páreʾ, at tumanùŋ sya ŋ mulìʾ: -“Anu <a id="a106.11" name="a106.11"></a>ŋ hagdánan -itò? Ganito bà aŋ hitsúra naŋ -hagdána ŋ papuntà sa láŋit?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The priest desisted from speaking. Juan kept on walking. -When he was already going up into the house that was their place of -meeting, the priest was again surprised and again asked: “What -stairway is this? Is this the way the staircase of Heaven -looks?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">“Sinábi ko nà sa iyò at hwag -kà ŋ maíŋay”, aŋ isinagòt ni -<a id="a106.14" name="a106.14"></a>Hwàn, “Ito -ŋàʾ aŋ hagdána ŋ paakyàt sa -láŋit.”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">“I have told you already that you must not make -any noise,” answered Juan, “This is the stairway that leads -to Heaven.”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a106.15" name="a106.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Naŋ mápanhik nà silà sa -báhay ay sinalúboŋ silà ni Dyégo -<a id="a106.16" name="a106.16"></a>at ni Andrès. Inilapàg -ni Hwàn aŋ kanya ŋ dalà, at sinábi nya -<a id="a106.17" name="a106.17"></a>sa dalawà: “Dala ko -ríto aŋ iniyútos ninyo sa áki ŋ -nakáwin. Dala ba ninyò aŋ lima ŋ daa ŋ -píso?”</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When they had come up into the house, they were met by -Diego and Andrés. Juan dropped his burden and said to them: -“I have brought here what you told me to steal. Have you brought -the five hundred pesos?”</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a106.19" name="a106.19"></a>Aŋ dalawà -y hindí naniwála ŋ agàd. Kanyàʾ -aŋ ginawá nila <a id="a106.20" name= -"a106.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>y binútas -nilà aŋ sáko at sinílip nilà aŋ -lamàn. Sa loòb ay nàkíta <a id="a106.21" -name="a106.21"></a>nila aŋ úlo naŋ -párìʾ na may satsàt. Kanyàʾ -iniyabòt nila kay Hwàn aŋ lima ŋ daa ŋ -píso, at sila ŋ lahàt ay nanáog -pagdáka. <a id="a106.23" name="a106.23"></a>Iníwan -nilà aŋ páreʾ úpaŋ sya ay -magpakawalàʾ sa kanya ŋ saríle.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The other two did not believe him at once. So what they -did was <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb107" href="#pb107" name= -"pb107">107</a>]</span>to make a hole in the bag and peep at the -contents. In it they saw the head of the priest with the tonsure. -Accordingly they handed Juan the five hundred pesos and they all -quickly left the house. They abandoned the priest, leaving him to get -free as best he could.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s31" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a106.24" name="a106.24"></a><span class= -"divNum">31.</span> Aŋ paŋhuhúli naŋ maŋa -uŋgòʾ.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">31.</span> How monkeys are -caught.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a106.25" name="a106.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Hindí bihíraʾ sa maŋa -gúbat na màtagpuàn aŋ malalakì ŋ -<a id="a106.26" name="a106.26"></a>káwal naŋ maŋa -uŋgòʾ. Kuŋ walà ŋ armàs -aŋ isà ŋ nàpápasa kanila ŋ -lugàr, silà y mababagsìk, at may -paŋánib na patayìn <a id="a106.28" name= -"a106.28"></a>nilà aŋ táo ŋ kanila ŋ -màpagkalipumpunàn. Silà kuŋ -nagàgálit <a id="a106.29" name="a106.29"></a>ay -nagsìsipanáog sa maŋa púnù naŋ -káhoy at pinagtùtulùŋ-tulúŋa -<a id="a106.30" name="a106.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>ŋ kinákagat aŋ táo ŋ -násàsa kapaŋyaríhan nilà. Dáhil -díto aŋ isa ŋ táo ŋ naglálakad sa -maŋa gúbat na marámi ŋ uŋgòʾ -ay <a id="a106.32" name="a106.32"></a>hindí -magpàpabáya ŋ magdalà naŋ barìl. -Aŋ maŋa uŋgòʾ kuŋ <a id="a106.33" name= -"a106.33"></a>pinùputukan nà naŋ barìl ay -wala ŋ tákot. Karamíhan ay hindí <a id= -"a106.34" name="a106.34"></a>nagtàtakbúhan, -dátapuwat tinìtiŋnan nilà aŋ -pinaŋgàgalíŋan naŋ <a id="a106.35" name= -"a106.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>íŋay at -naŋ asò. Aŋ maŋa dinàratnan namàn -naŋ bála ay sinásaŋga <a id="a106.36" name= -"a106.36"></a>itò naŋ kanya ŋ kamày, -pára ŋ sumásaŋga sa isa ŋ pukòl -<a id="a106.37" name="a106.37"></a>lámaŋ. -Kanyàʾ aŋ maŋa pálad nilà ay -nàbùbútas dìn naŋ bála <a id= -"a106.38" name="a106.38"></a>kuŋ silà y tamaàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">In the jungle one not rarely meets with large -herds of monkeys. When the one who comes into their haunts is unarmed, -there is danger of their killing the man whom they overpower by their -numbers. When angry, they climb down from the trees and all bite at the -man who is in their power. Therefore a man who is going into jungles -where there are many monkeys will not neglect to carry a gun. When the -monkeys hear the noise of the gun, they are unafraid. Most of them do -not run away, but look at the place where the noise and smoke come -from. Those who are reached by a bullet try to ward it off with their -hand, like one who is warding off a mere throw. Therefore, when they -are shot, their palms too are pierced by the bullet.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a106.39" name="a106.39"></a>Hindí -bihíraʾ aŋ maŋa táo y -naŋhùhúle naŋ buhày na -uŋgòʾ <a id="a106.40" name="a106.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>úpaŋ kanila ŋ aliláin at -ipagbilì sa maŋa taga iba t ibà ŋ lupaìn -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb108" href="#pb108" name= -"pb108">108</a>]</span><a id="a108.1" name="a108.1"></a>na -nagsìsipuntà sa Filipínas. Aŋ -paŋhuhúle naŋ buhày na uŋgòʾ -<a id="a108.2" name="a108.2"></a>ay hindí -naŋàŋailáŋan naŋ malakì ŋ -págod, dátapuwat aŋ paraàn <a id="a108.3" -name="a108.3"></a>naŋ paghúle sa kanila ay isà -ŋ paŋlolóko lámaŋ sa kanilà. Ito -ŋ sumúsunòd ay isa ŋ halimbáwà -naŋ paghúle sa kanilà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Not infrequently people catch live monkeys, so as to -domesticate them and sell them to the various foreigners who come to -the Philippines. The catching of live monkeys does not involve much -labor, for the method of catching them is simply to trick them.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a108.5" name="a108.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Kuŋ aŋ isa ŋ táo ay íbig -humúle naŋ uŋgòʾ, karanyúan ay -<a id="a108.6" name="a108.6"></a>naglùlútoʾ o -nagpàpalúto sya naŋ kakanìn, at itò y -hinàhalúan <a id="a108.7" name="a108.7"></a>o -pinahàhalúan niya naŋ balasìŋ. Aŋ -balasìŋ ay isa ŋ butò naŋ <a id="a108.8" -name="a108.8"></a>haláman na nakalálasìŋ o -nakapagáantòk naŋ malálim na antòk -<a id="a108.9" name="a108.9"></a>sa maŋa háyop na -makàkáin. Gayon dìn ginàgámit -itò sa paŋhuhúle <a id="a108.10" name= -"a108.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>naŋ isdá sa -ílog. Pagkalútò naŋ kakanìn itò -y dinádala naŋ táo sa lugàr na -kinàdòroonàn naŋ káwal naŋ -maŋa uŋgòʾ. Dátapuwat <a id="a108.12" -name="a108.12"></a>kuŋ itò y ilagay nyà naŋ -mahúsay sa lúpàʾ aŋ maŋa <a id= -"a108.13" name="a108.13"></a>uŋgòʾ ay hindí -magsìsipanáog úpaŋ kumáin. -Hinìhinálà nilà na <a id="a108.14" name= -"a108.14"></a>aŋ kakanì ŋ iyòn ay páin -lámaŋ sa kanilà úpaŋ silà y -hulíhin o <a id="a108.15" name="a108.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>patayìn. Dáhil díto aŋ -ginágawa naŋ táo ay nagtàtakut-takútan -<a id="a108.16" name="a108.16"></a>pagkátanaw nyà sa -maŋa uŋgòʾ, at sya y nagtátakbò na -súnoŋ <a id="a108.17" name="a108.17"></a>aŋ -biláo naŋ kakanì ŋ may balasìŋ. Sa -kanya ŋ pagtakbò ay <a id="a108.18" name= -"a108.18"></a>nagdàdapa-dapáan syà, at -dáhil díto y aŋ súnuŋ nya ŋ -kakanìn <a id="a108.19" name="a108.19"></a>ay -nàpàpalagpàk at nàsàsábog sa -lúpaʾ. Kuŋ itù y maŋyári nà, -<a id="a108.20" name="a108.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>ipinatùtúloy din nyà aŋ -kanya ŋ pagtakbò, at sya y -naŋúŋublè <a id="a108.21" name="a108.21"></a>sa -isa ŋ lugàr, úpaŋ tanawìn nya aŋ -pagkakàínan naŋ maŋa <a id="a108.22" name= -"a108.22"></a>uŋgòʾ. Pagkàkíta naŋ -maŋa uŋgòʾ sa patakbò ŋ -pagalìs naŋ táo <a id="a108.23" name= -"a108.23"></a>at pagkákubli nitò, silà y -nagsìsipanáug sa maŋa -púno-ŋ-káhoy <a id="a108.24" name="a108.24"></a>at -nagsìsipagagawàn naŋ kakanìn. -Nagkàkàdagàn-dagàn silà sa <a id= -"a108.25" name="a108.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>pagaagawàn, at lubhà ŋ -malakì aŋ íŋay, sapagkàt aŋ -báwat isa ŋ káwal naŋ uŋgò ay -máy-roo ŋ limà ŋ daàn o isà -ŋ líbo aŋ bílaŋ. <a id="a108.27" name= -"a108.27"></a>Pagkakáin nilà hindí -nalàláon at sinúsumpoŋ silà naŋ -antòk, <a id="a108.28" name= -"a108.28"></a>nagsìsipaŋhínaʾ at hindí -makaakyàt sa káhoy. Isa ŋ nakàtàtawa -<a id="a108.29" name="a108.29"></a>ŋ panoorìn aŋ -maŋa uŋgò ŋ itò, matandàʾ at -bátàʾ, ay -naŋàtàtaluŋkò <a id="a108.30" name= -"a108.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>sa lúpaʾ at -nagsìsipagyukayòk báwat isà. Aŋ -ibà ŋ hindí <a id="a108.31" name= -"a108.31"></a>nagkapálad na makàágaw naŋ -kakanìn ay nagsísiyakyàt sa -púno-ŋ-káhoy <a id="a108.32" name="a108.32"></a>at -pinanónood aŋ kanila ŋ maŋa lasìŋ na -kasamahàn. <a id="a108.33" name= -"a108.33"></a>Pagaanyòʾ naŋ ganitò naŋ -maŋa uŋgòʾ, aŋ táo ŋ -nàkùkublì ay <a id="a108.34" name= -"a108.34"></a>saká pa lámaŋ lumàlápit -at isa-isà ŋ sinùsuŋgabàn aŋ -maŋa natùtúlug <a id="a108.35" name= -"a108.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>na uŋgòʾ. -Hindí maláo ŋ panahòn aŋ pagubrà -naŋ balasìŋ <a id="a108.36" name="a108.36"></a>na -itò, at aŋ maŋa uŋgò y -nagsìsihúsay pagkaraàn naŋ ilà ŋ -áraw.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When one wants to catch monkeys, one usually cooks or -has cooked <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb109" href="#pb109" name= -"pb109">109</a>]</span>some sweetmeats, and into these one mixes or has -mixed some <i>balasing</i>. <i>Balasing</i> is the seed of a plant -which intoxicates or puts into a deep sleep the animals which eat it. -It is used also in catching fish in rivers. When these sweetmeats have -been cooked, the man carries them to where the herd of monkeys is. -However, if he should place it carefully on the ground, the monkeys -would not climb down to eat it. They suspect that these sweetmeats are -only a bait for them, that they may be caught or killed. Therefore what -the man does is to pretend that he is frightened and when he sees the -monkeys, he starts running, carrying on his head the tray of drugged -sweetmeats. While running he pretends to take a fall on his face, so -that the sweetmeats he is carrying on his head fall down and are -scattered over the ground. When this happens, he keeps on running just -the same, and hides somewhere or other to watch the monkeys eat. When -the monkeys see the man running away, and when he is hidden, they climb -down from the trees and all start grabbing the sweetmeats. They all -crowd on top of one another in their greed, and the noise is very -great, for each herd of monkeys is about five hundred or a thousand -strong. When they have eaten it is not long before they are attacked by -sleepiness. They get weak and cannot climb into the trees. It is a -laughable sight to see these monkeys, old and young, squatting on the -ground and nodding, everyone of them. The ones who did not succeed in -grabbing any sweetmeats climb up into the trees and look down at their -drunken companions. When the monkeys are in this state, and not before, -does the man who is hidden come up and take the sleeping monkeys one by -one. The effect of the drug is not of long duration, and the monkeys -get well after a few days.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Aŋ ikalawà ŋ karanyúa ŋ -gawìn sa paŋhuhúli naŋ uŋgòʾ -ay <a id="a108.39" name="a108.39"></a>aŋ pagpapáin sa -kanila naŋ nyòg. Aŋ isa ŋ boò ŋ -nyòg ay nilàlagyan <a id="a108.40" name= -"a108.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>naŋ bútas. -Aŋ lakì naŋ bútas na itò ay hustò -lámaŋ na <a id="a108.41" name= -"a108.41"></a>màipásuk naŋ uŋgòʾ -aŋ kanya ŋ kamày kuŋ walà ŋ -táŋan. Sa <a id="a108.42" name="a108.42"></a>loòb -naŋ báo naŋ nyòg ay inilálagay aŋ -isa ŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e6574" title= -"Source: pirásu ŋ lamàn">pirásu-ŋ-lamàn</span> -naŋ nyùg, at aŋ lahàt na itò y -inilálagay sa lugàr naŋ maŋa -uŋgòʾ. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb110" href= -"#pb110" name="pb110">110</a>]</span><a id="a110.1" name= -"a110.1"></a>Aŋ maŋa uŋgòʾ ay -magustúhin sa nyòg, at pagkàkíta -nilà díto <a id="a110.2" name="a110.2"></a>ay -dinùdúkot nilà aŋ lamà ŋ -nása loòb naŋ báo. Kuŋ -masuŋgabàn na namàn nilà aŋ lamàn -naŋ nyòg, aŋ kanila ŋ kamày ay <a id= -"a110.4" name="a110.4"></a>hindí nila màilabàs sa -bútas, ní íbig namàn silà ŋ -bitíwan aŋ <a id="a110.5" name="a110.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>lamàn naŋ nyòg. Dáhil -díto silà y pára ŋ nakapaŋàw at -paglápit <a id="a110.6" name="a110.6"></a>naŋ táo -ŋ maŋhuhúle ay hindí sila makaalìs, -sapagkàt aŋ niyog <a id="a110.7" name= -"a110.7"></a>namàn ay mabigàt at kuŋ mínsan -ay máy-roo ŋ pabigàt. Kanyàʾ <a id= -"a110.8" name="a110.8"></a>paglápit naŋ -maŋhuhúle, ay wala ŋ hírap nya ŋ -nasùsuŋgabàn aŋ <a id="a110.9" name= -"a110.9"></a>maŋa uŋgòʾ o matsìŋ na -naŋàpàpaŋàw.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Another common way of catching monkeys is to use -cocoanuts as bait. A hole is made in an unopened cocoanut. The size of -this hole is just large enough for a monkey to put in his hand when it -is not holding anything. Inside the cocoanut-shell is placed a piece of -the meat of the cocoanut, and the whole thing is placed in a spot where -there are monkeys. Monkeys like cocoanut, and when they see it, they -grasp the meat that is inside the shell. But when they have hold of the -cocoanut-meat, they can no longer take their hand out through the -opening, but they will not let go of the cocoanut-meat. Consequently -they are as though in stocks, and when the man who is catching them -approaches, they cannot get away, for the cocoanuts are heavy and -sometimes are weighted in addition. So when the catcher comes up, he is -able without difficulty to capture the handcuffed monkeys, grown or -young. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb111" href="#pb111" name= -"pb111">111</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s32" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a110.10" name="a110.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span><span class="divNum">32.</span> Aŋ -fiyèsta ni Saŋ-Hwàn.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">32.</span> The festival of Saint -John.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a110.11" name="a110.11"></a>Aŋ -abéynte-kwátru naŋ Húnyo ay sya ŋ -áraw na kapyestáhan <a id="a110.12" name="a110.12"></a>ni -Saŋ-Hwàn, at itò y ipinagdìdíwaŋ -sa maŋa bayàn-bayàn <a id="a110.13" name= -"a110.13"></a>sa lalawígan naŋ Bulakàn. Sa -bwàn naŋ Húnyo ay kasalukúyan <a id="a110.14" -name="a110.14"></a>aŋ ulàn at mapútik. Aŋ -paniwálà naŋ maŋa táo si -Saŋ-Hwàn <a id="a110.15" name="a110.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>ay sya ŋ sànto ŋ -nagpàpaulàn, dáhil díto y maibigìn -sa túbig at pútik. Kanyàʾ aŋ maŋa -pagdiríwaŋ na ginágawàʾ sa kanya <a id= -"a110.17" name="a110.17"></a>ŋ kaarawàn ay lubhà -ŋ malakì aŋ pagkáiba sa pagdiríwaŋ -na <a id="a110.18" name="a110.18"></a>ginágawa sa -kaarawàn naŋ ibà ŋ sànto. Sa báya -ŋ malalápit sa <a id="a110.19" name= -"a110.19"></a>dágat kuŋ bwàn naŋ Húnyo -ay bumábahàʾ, at aŋ túbig ay <a id= -"a110.20" name="a110.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>umàáhon sa báyan. Sa maŋa -báya ŋ malaláyoʾ sa dágat ay -lubhà <a id="a110.21" name="a110.21"></a>ŋ maulàn -dìn, at karanyúwa y aŋ maŋa pagbahà -ŋ itò at pagulàn <a id="a110.22" name= -"a110.22"></a>ay nàtàtaòn sa kaarawàn ni -Saŋ-Hwàn. Aŋ maŋa táo ŋ kasáli -<a id="a110.23" name="a110.23"></a>sa pagdiríwaŋ ay -nagsìsipagbasàʾ sa bahàʾ o sa -ulàn. Sa maŋa <a id="a110.24" name= -"a110.24"></a>báyan naŋ Malólos at Hagúnoy -kuŋ nàtàtaòn aŋ fyèsta ŋ -itò sa <a id="a110.25" name="a110.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>isa ŋ bahà ŋ malakì, -hálos lahàt naŋ táo ay naglúlublob sa -túbig o kayà y nagsìsipamaŋkàʾ. -Kuŋ hindí namàn bahàʾ, aŋ maŋa -<a id="a110.27" name="a110.27"></a>táo y -nagsìsipaglibòt lámaŋ sa ulàn. -Marámi ŋ taga búkid <a id="a110.28" name= -"a110.28"></a>at taga báriyo ay nagsìsipagpalimòs -sa kaarawà ŋ itò. Karamíhan <a id="a110.29" -name="a110.29"></a>sa kanilà ay maŋa bátaʾ o -kayà y maŋa binátaʾ. Bihíra ŋ -máy <a id="a110.30" name="a110.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>maŋa babáye. -Paŋkat-paŋkàt sila ŋ -nagsìsipagpalimòs, at báwat <a id="a110.31" name= -"a110.31"></a>isa ŋ paŋkàt ay máy maŋa -kasáma ŋ músiku ŋ buŋbòŋ. -Aŋ maŋa <a id="a110.32" name="a110.32"></a>hindí -nagsísitugtòg aŋ katuŋkúlan ay -kumantà o kayà y sumayàw. <a id="a110.33" name= -"a110.33"></a>Sila ŋ lahàt ay uwalà ŋ -pamamároʾ hálos, gáya naŋ maŋa -Igoróte, <a id="a110.34" name="a110.34"></a>dátapuwat -aŋ boò ŋ katawàn mulá sa paà -haŋgàŋ úlo, patì maŋa <a id= -"a110.35" name="a110.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>matà -at taíŋa, ay nàkùkulapúlan naŋ -pútek.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">The twenty-fourth of June is the festival of Saint -John, and it is celebrated in the various towns of the province of -Bulacán. In the month of June there is usually rain and mud. The -people believe that Saint John is the saint who makes the rain fall, -and therefore is fond of water and mud. Hence the celebrations -performed on his day are very different from those performed on the -days of other saints. In the towns near the sea there are floods in the -month of June and the water comes up into the town. In the towns -farther from the sea it is also very rainy, and usually these floods -and rains fall on the day of Saint John. The people who take part in -the celebration get themselves drenched in the flood or in the rain. In -the towns of Malolos and Hagúnoy, when this holiday falls into a -time of large flood, almost all the people get into the water or else -go canoeing. If there is no flood, the people walk about in the rain. -Many people from the country and the suburbs go about collecting alms -on this holiday. Most of them are boys or young men; rarely are there -any women. In separate groups they go about collecting alms, and each -group has with it a band that plays on bamboo instruments. Those who do -not play are supposed to have the task of singing or dancing. All of -them are almost without clothing, like Igorots, but their whole body, -from head to foot, including even the eyes and ears, is caked over with -mud.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a110.36" name="a110.36"></a>Aŋ maŋa -paŋkàt na itò ay tumàtáwag sa -bahay-bahày. Naghíhintó <a id="a110.37" name= -"a110.37"></a>sila sa harapàn naŋ báhay, at -díto y tumútugtog silà o <a id="a110.38" name= -"a110.38"></a>kayà y nagsìsikantà o -nagsásayàw. Aŋ karanyúa ŋ kanila ŋ -kantahìn ay úkol sa nagìŋ pamumúhay ni -Saŋ-Hwàn o kayà y naŋ <a id="a110.40" name= -"a110.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>iba ŋ sànto -ŋ kaybígan nitò. Sa kanila ŋ -pagtutugtúgan aŋ kanila <a id="a110.41" name= -"a110.41"></a>ŋ áyos ay makahiléra ŋ -pabilòg, kuŋ mínsan ay nakatayòʾ, -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb112" href="#pb112" name= -"pb112">112</a>]</span><a id="a112.1" name="a112.1"></a>kuŋ -mínsan ay nakataluŋkòʾ, o kayà y -nakaluhòd. Kuŋ máy-roo <a id="a112.2" name= -"a112.2"></a>ŋ nagkákantà o sumásayàw, -itò y násàsa loòb naŋ bílog -naŋ maŋa <a id="a112.3" name= -"a112.3"></a>mànunugtòg, at doòn nya -ginágawà aŋ kanya ŋ pagkantà o <a id= -"a112.4" name="a112.4"></a>pagsayàw. Pagkaraàn naŋ -dalawà o tatlò ŋ tugtúgan, kantáhan, -<a id="a112.5" name="a112.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>o -sàyáwan, sila y nagsìsipaghintòʾ at -sabày-sabày na -nagsìsipaŋhiŋìʾ <a id="a112.6" name= -"a112.6"></a>naŋ limòs sa maŋa táo ŋ -nanúnood sa kanilà. Kuŋ <a id="a112.7" name= -"a112.7"></a>sila y hindí limusàn, kumùkúha -silà naŋ pútik sa kanila ŋ katawàn -<a id="a112.8" name="a112.8"></a>at pinúpukul nilà -aŋ maŋa táo ŋ mararámot.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a112.9" name="a112.9"></a>Aŋ boò -ŋ maghápun ay inùúbus nilà sa -ganitò ŋ pagdiríwaŋ. <a id="a112.10" name= -"a112.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>Aŋ maŋa -maŋlilímos na itò ay lubhà ŋ -marámi rìn, kanyàʾ <a id="a112.11" name= -"a112.11"></a>silà y nakatùtúluŋ na -magpasiglà sa báyan káhit na lubhà ŋ -maulàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">These groups go calling from house to house. They stop -in front of a house and there they play music or sing or dance. They -usually sing about the life of Saint John or of some other saint who -was a friend of his. While their music is playing, their order is in -single file in a circle, sometimes standing, sometimes squatting or -kneeling. When there is a singer or dancer, he is within the circle of -musicians and there performs his singing or dancing. After two or three -pieces of music, songs, or dances they stop and all go round asking -alms of the people who are watching them. If they receive no alms, they -take <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb113" href="#pb113" name= -"pb113">113</a>]</span>mud from their body and throw it at the stingy -people. They spend the whole day in such celebration. As these -alms-gatherers are very numerous, they help to make the town gay, even -though it is very rainy.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a112.13" name="a112.13"></a>Sa maŋa -pagbabaŋkáan namàn ay hindí -bihíràʾ aŋ magkalunòd aŋ maŋa -táo. Kanyà aŋ ugáli ŋ itò ay -unti-untì ŋ nawáwalàʾ. <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Gayon dìn sa maŋa panahò ŋ -itò aŋ maŋa táo y nagígiŋ <a id= -"a112.16" name="a112.16"></a>kuríput at bihíra ŋ -maglimòs. Kanyàʾ aŋ maŋa -maŋhihiŋí naŋ limùs sa kaarawàn ni -Saŋ-Hwàn ay untì-untì ŋ -nawáwalàʾ.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When there is canoeing it is not uncommon for people to -get drowned. Consequently this custom is gradually disappearing. -Moreover, in these days people are getting stingy and rarely give alms. -Hence the gatherers of alms on the festival of Saint John are gradually -disappearing.</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s33" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a112.18" name="a112.18"></a><span class= -"divNum">33.</span> Aŋ maŋa paŋiŋílin -naŋ maŋa kamagának naŋ isa ŋ -namatày.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">33.</span> Family celebrations -after a death.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a112.19" name="a112.19"></a>Aŋ -isà ŋ aŋkà ŋ namàmatayàn ay -hindìʾ aŋ kanila ŋ loòb <a id="a112.20" -name="a112.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>at káluluwa -lámaŋ aŋ nagtátamu naŋ hírap, -kuŋ hindìʾ patì aŋ <a id="a112.21" name= -"a112.21"></a>bulsà rìn nilà. Itù y -dahilàn sa lubhà ŋ malalakì ŋ -dámi naŋ <a id="a112.22" name= -"a112.22"></a>ginùgúgul naŋ -namàmatayàn sa pagdadáos naŋ -sarì-sári ŋ kaugaliàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">A family that has suffered a loss by death suffers -not only in its mind and soul, but also in its purse. This is on -account of the great expense borne by the bereaved ones in conforming -with various customs.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Sa áraw naŋ pagkamatày naŋ isa -ŋ táo, sa aŋkàn nitò ay <a id="a112.25" -name="a112.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>marámi ŋ -lubhàʾ aŋ nagsìsidálaw, at aŋ -maŋa nagsìsidálaw namà <a id="a112.26" name= -"a112.26"></a>ŋ itò ay hindí -nasìsyahàn naŋ pakikipagdalamhátì -lámaŋ sa kamaganákan <a id="a112.27" name= -"a112.27"></a>naŋ namatày, dátapuwat silà y -nagtútumirà sa báhay <a id="a112.28" name= -"a112.28"></a>naŋ namatayàn. Dáhil díto -aŋ aŋkàn naŋ namatày ay -napìpilíta <a id="a112.29" name="a112.29"></a>ŋ -maghandá naŋ paŋpakáin sa maŋa -dálaw. Karanyúwa y hindí <a id="a112.30" name= -"a112.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>inilílibiŋ -agàd aŋ patày, dátapuwat -ibinùbúrol múna ŋ dalawà <a id= -"a112.31" name="a112.31"></a>o tatlo ŋ áraw mulá sa -pagkalagùt naŋ hiniŋà. Sa maŋa áraw -na itò áraw-gabì ay walà ŋ -patìd aŋ dálaw naŋ maŋa táo. -Karamíhan ay maŋa kamagának at ibà y -maŋa kaybígan, kápit-báhay, o ibà -ŋ kakilála sa báyan. Kuŋ aŋ namatày -ay isa ŋ táo <span class="lineNum">35</span>ŋ -marámi ŋ kaybígan o kamaganákan sa iba ŋ -báyan sila màn ay <a id="a112.36" name= -"a112.36"></a>dumàdálaw rìn, at silà y -dápat na bigyàn naŋ tìráhan at -pagkáin naŋ aŋkàn naŋ namatày. -Itò y ganitò sapagkàt sa maŋa <a id="a112.38" -name="a112.38"></a>bayàn-bayàn sa provìnsiya ay -walà ŋ báhay-tùlúyan.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a112.39" name="a112.39"></a>Sa pagpapakáin -sa marámi ŋ dálaw na itò hindí -bihíra ŋ <a id="a112.40" name="a112.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>nakaùúbus silà naŋ -kabyàk na báka at ilà ŋ túpa, -kambèŋ, at <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb114" href= -"#pb114" name="pb114">114</a>]</span><a id="a114.1" name= -"a114.1"></a>hindí mabílaŋ na maŋa -manòk. Aŋ kosinéro karanyúwa y upahàn, -<a id="a114.2" name="a114.2"></a>at aŋ malalápit na -kamagának naŋ namatày ay -nagsìsitúluŋ <a id="a114.3" name="a114.3"></a>na -maglútoʾ. Dáhil díto sa báhay naŋ -namatayàn aŋ lugàr na <a id="a114.4" name= -"a114.4"></a>kinàbùburúlan naŋ patày -ay tahímik na tahímik at káhit na marámi -<a id="a114.5" name="a114.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>ŋ -táo aŋ nàròroòn, pabulòŋ -lámaŋ kuŋ silà y magsàlitáan. -<a id="a114.6" name="a114.6"></a>Dátapuwat sa kainàn at -lutuàn aŋ íŋay ay hindí -karanyúan. Isa <a id="a114.7" name="a114.7"></a>t isà y -nagùútos sa maŋa alílaʾ, may -naghùhúgas naŋ piŋgàn o <a id="a114.8" -name="a114.8"></a>kayà y maŋa palayòk, may -nagpàpakintàb naŋ maŋa tinidòr at <a id= -"a114.9" name="a114.9"></a>kutsílyo, may -nagháhandàʾ sa lamésa, at iba pà. Sa -kusínà namàn <a id="a114.10" name= -"a114.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>aŋ sagitsìt -naŋ kawáleʾ ay wala ŋ lubày. Aŋ -<span class="corr" id="xd21e6828" title= -"Source: pagtadtàd">pagtatadtàd</span> <a id="a114.11" -name="a114.11"></a>naŋ karnè ay wala ŋ patìd at -aŋ tinìg naŋ kosinéro at kanya ŋ <a id= -"a114.12" name="a114.12"></a>alagàd ay sya na lámaŋ -nàrìrinìg.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">On the day when someone has died very many people call -on his family, and these visitors do not content themselves with -condoling with the dead person’s family, but make a long stay in -the house of mourning. Consequently the bereaved family is compelled to -serve food to the visitors. Usually the dead person is not buried at -once, but is first placed in state for two or three days from the time -when he ceased to breathe. During these days people’s visits stop -neither by day nor by night. Most of them are relatives and others are -friends, neighbors, and other acquaintances in town. If the deceased -had many friends or relatives in other towns, they too come to visit, -and they have to be given board and lodging by the dead person’s -family. This is because in the small towns in the provinces there are -no hotels. In feeding all these guests they often use up half a cow, -several sheep and goats, and innumerable chickens. The chef is usually -hired, and the near relatives of the deceased help with the cooking. -For this reason in the house of death the place where the deceased is -lying in state is very quiet, and even when many people are there, when -they talk it is only in whispers. But in the dining-room and kitchen -the noise is extraordinary. Everyone is giving orders to the servants, -some are <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb115" href="#pb115" name= -"pb115">115</a>]</span>washing dishes or pots, some are polishing -knives and forks, some are serving at the table, and so on. In the -kitchen the sputtering of the frying-pans never stops, and one can hear -only the voices of the chef and his assistants.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a114.13" name="a114.13"></a>Dátapuwat sa -isa ŋ silìd namàn naŋ báhay ay -doòn nàròroòn <a id="a114.14" name= -"a114.14"></a>at nàlùlugmòk sa -pagdadalamháteʾ aŋ maŋa aŋkàn -naŋ namatày. <a id="a114.15" name= -"a114.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>Sila y -nagsísiyàk naŋ úbus-lakàs at kuŋ -mínsa y nagdúduklày-duklày <a id="a114.16" -name="a114.16"></a>silà naŋ kuŋ ano-anò aŋ -maŋyàyári sa kanila ŋ pamumúhay <a id= -"a114.17" name="a114.17"></a>dahilàn sa pagpánaw naŋ -namatày.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">But in one chamber of the house stays the immediate -family of the deceased and is plunged in grief. They all cry as hard as -they can and from time to time blurt out questions as to what will -happen to them because of the departure of the one who has died.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a114.18" name="a114.18"></a>Kuŋ -mayáman aŋ namatày, itò y -ipinadàdápit sa párèʾ at <a id= -"a114.19" name="a114.19"></a>iniháhatid sa simbáhan. -Pagdatìŋ doòn sa simbáhan -binèbendisyunàn <span class="lineNum">20</span>naŋ -párèʾ aŋ patày at pagkatápos ay -iniháhatid dìn nya <a id="a114.21" name="a114.21"></a>sa -lìbíŋan. Aŋ lahàt naŋ maŋa -dálaw ay kasáma sa paglilibìŋ <a id="a114.22" -name="a114.22"></a>na itò at kadalasà y -nàsàsakay silà sa maŋa karumáta. -Aŋ maŋa <a id="a114.23" name="a114.23"></a>karumáta -ŋ itò namàn ay upahàn, líban na -lámaŋ sa ilà ŋ árì naŋ -maŋa dálaw.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">If the deceased is wealthy, a priest comes to get him -and escorts him to the church. Arriving at the church, the body is -blessed by the priest and after this the priest escorts it also to the -cemetery. All the visitors are present at the burial, and usually they -ride in carriages. These carriages are hired, except for a few which -belong to some of the visitors.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a114.25" name="a114.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Pagkálibiŋ naŋ patày aŋ -maŋa dálaw na taga iba ŋ báyan <a id="a114.26" -name="a114.26"></a>ay doon dìn aŋ wèʾ sa -báhay naŋ namatày. Kadalasàn silà y -<a id="a114.27" name="a114.27"></a>nagsìsialìs -agàd, dátapuwat kuŋ magkàbihíraʾ -ay silà y nagtítira <a id="a114.28" name="a114.28"></a>na -tatlu ŋ áraw úpaŋ makàsále sa -pagtatatlo-ŋ-gabè. Aŋ tatlù <a id="a114.29" -name="a114.29"></a>ŋ gabè ay idinàdáos sa -báhay naŋ namatày. Díto ay -dumàdálaw <a id="a114.30" name="a114.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>aŋ maŋa kamaganákan at silà -y nagsísipagdasàl. Sa pagdadasàl <a id="a114.31" -name="a114.31"></a>na itò ay aŋ maŋa matatandá -lámaŋ aŋ kasáli, at aŋ maŋa -binátà <a id="a114.32" name="a114.32"></a>at -dalága ay nagsìsipagbugtúŋan namàn. -Aŋ ganitò ŋ <a id="a114.33" name= -"a114.33"></a>paŋiŋílin ay ginágawa sa -loòb naŋ tatlu ŋ gabè. Sa katapusà -ŋ <a id="a114.34" name="a114.34"></a>gabè karanyúa y -lubhà ŋ marámi aŋ táo, at aŋ -handàʾ ay malakì <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>káy sa dalawà ŋ gabì -ŋ nagdaàn. Marámi rìn namàn sa -maŋa <a id="a114.36" name="a114.36"></a>nagsísidalò -aŋ nagbíbigay naŋ limùs sa namatayàn. -Karanyúwa y maŋa paŋpakáin sa maŋa -dálaw.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the dead has been buried the guests who come from -other towns go along back to the house of mourning. Most commonly they -soon depart, but sometimes they stay three days, to take part in the -Three Nights’ Celebration. The Three Nights are celebrated in the -house of the deceased. At this time the relatives call and all pray -together. In this praying only the older people take part, and the -young men and young women tell each other riddles. These ceremonies are -performed during the Three Nights. On the last night there are usually -many people, and the entertaining is more elaborate than on the two -preceding nights. Many of those who come give presents to the bereaved -ones. Usually these are things to eat for the guests.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Sa maŋa aŋkà ŋ mahihírap -aŋ maŋa paŋiŋíli ŋ ito ay -ginágawá <a id="a114.39" name="a114.39"></a>rìn, -dátapuwat aŋ pagdápit at paghahatìd -lámaŋ naŋ pári <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>sa patày ay walàʾ. Sa -pagbebendisyòn naŋ patày aŋ isa ŋ -táo y <a id="a114.41" name= -"a114.41"></a>makabàbáyad sa páreʾ naŋ -gustuhìn nyà. Aŋ pinakamúra ay aŋ <a id= -"a114.42" name="a114.42"></a>pagbebendisyòn sa patày sa -pintúan lámaŋ naŋ simbáhan at sa <a id= -"a114.43" name="a114.43"></a>sahìg -nàlàlapàg. Aŋ sumúsunòd ay -aŋ pagbebendisyòn naŋ patày <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb116" href="#pb116" name= -"pb116">116</a>]</span><a id="a116.1" name="a116.1"></a>sa -pintúan dìn, dátapuwat -nàpàpátuŋ lámaŋ aŋ -ataòl sa isa ŋ <a id="a116.2" name= -"a116.2"></a>altàr. Aŋ maŋa mahahalagà ŋ -pagbebendisyòn ay ginágawàʾ sa tabì -naŋ altàr. Mulá sa isa ŋ daà ŋ -píso haŋgàŋ sa lima ŋ daàn aŋ -maŋa halagà nitò.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">In poor families these ceremonies are also performed, -but the priest’s calling for and escorting the corpse does not -take place. For the blessing of the corpse one may pay the priest -whatever one desires. The cheapest thing is the blessing of the corpse -at the door of the church and placed on the ground. The next in order -is the blessing of the corpse also at the door of the church, but with -the coffin placed on an altar. The most expensive blessings are -performed right by the altar. The price of these is from one-hundred to -five-hundred pesos. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb117" href="#pb117" -name="pb117">117</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div id="s34" lang="tl" class="div2 story"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<table class="alignedtext"> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<h3 class="main"><a id="a116.5" name="a116.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span class="divNum">34.</span> Aŋ -takbúhan sa Amerikáno.</h3> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">34.</span> Fleeing from the -Americans.</h3> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a116.6" name="a116.6"></a>Aŋ maŋa -táo sa San-Migèl ay nagìŋ pára ŋ -maŋa káwal naŋ <a id="a116.7" name= -"a116.7"></a>háyop na umìílag sa maŋa -pamáloʾ naŋ maŋa pastòl at -paŋhahábol naŋ maŋa áso ŋ -mababagsìk. Silà y lubhà ŋ maibigìn sa -<a id="a116.9" name="a116.9"></a>katahimíkan at -kapayapaàn. Gayon dìn sila y lubhà ŋ -pàniwalaìn <a id="a116.10" name= -"a116.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>sa sabi-sabì, at -itò ŋ maŋa bágay na yitò ay sya ŋ -hindí <a id="a116.11" name= -"a116.11"></a>ikinàpátag naŋ marámi sa -kanilà sa báyan sa panahòn naŋ maŋa -<a id="a116.12" name="a116.12"></a>paghihìmagsíkan -lában sa Kastílaʾ at sa Amerikáno. -Totoò rìn <a id="a116.13" name="a116.13"></a>namàn -na marámi sa kanilà ay naŋagsipagtakbò -dahilàn lámaŋ sa <a id="a116.14" name= -"a116.14"></a>katakútan o kadwágan.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par first">The people of San Miguel were like herds of -animals fleeing before the whips of the herdsmen and the pursuit of -savage dogs. They are very fond of peace and quiet. Also they are very -credulous toward hearsay, and these circumstances are what did not -allow most of them to stay at ease in the town during the time of the -revolutions against the Spaniards and the Americans. It is also true, -however, that many of them ran away merely from fright or -cowardice.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>Naŋ -maŋyári aŋ paghihìmagsíkan lában -sa Kastílaʾ naŋ taò <a id="a116.16" name= -"a116.16"></a>ŋ isa ŋ líbo walu ŋ daàn at -siyàm na pu t ánim, akò y àápat na -<a id="a116.17" name="a116.17"></a>taòn pa lámaŋ sa -gúlaŋ. Áyon sa sinábi sa ákin naŋ -áki ŋ nánay, <a id="a116.18" name= -"a116.18"></a>kamì ay nagsipuntà sa Maynílaʾ -sa lugàr naŋ umáhon sa bundòk. <a id= -"a116.19" name="a116.19"></a>Walá ako ŋ marámi -ŋ natàtandaàn naŋ maŋa naŋyári -sa panahò <a id="a116.20" name="a116.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>ŋ yaòn, kuŋ hindí aŋ -bágay naŋ ámi ŋ pagpuntà sa -estasyòn naŋ <a id="a116.21" name= -"a116.21"></a>trèn. Pagdatìŋ sa Maynílaʾ -ay hindí kami nakapások sa loòb <a id="a116.22" -name="a116.22"></a>naŋ báyan kuŋ hindìʾ -may pahintúlot naŋ isa ŋ pinúnoʾ sa -báya ŋ iyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the revolution against the Spaniards of the year -1896 took place, I was only four years old. According to what my mother -has told me, we went to Manila instead of going up into the mountains. -I do not remember much of what happened at that time, except the fact -that we went to the railroad station. When we arrived at Manila we were -not able to enter the city unless we had a permit from an official of -this city.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a116.24" name="a116.24"></a>Aŋ -sumúsunod na bágay na nátalàʾ sa -áki ŋ paŋalaála ay <a id="a116.25" name= -"a116.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>aŋ pagkátira -námin sa Bigaà, sa báhay naŋ isa ŋ -mànanaŋgòl na <a id="a116.26" name= -"a116.26"></a>aŋ paŋála y si Don-Nasáryo. -Aŋ dahilàn naŋ ikinalípat námin <a id= -"a116.27" name="a116.27"></a>sa báya ŋ itò ay -aŋ pagílag sa paglalabanàn naŋ maŋa -Katipúnan at maŋa Kastílaʾ sa -Maynílaʾ. Sa Bigaà ay maŋa sundálo -ŋ <a id="a116.29" name="a116.29"></a>Tagálog sa kanila -ŋ pagsasánay sa pakikipaglában.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The next thing which has become fixed in my memory is -our stay in Bigaá, in the house of an attorney, whose name was -Don Nasario. We went to this town to escape the fighting of the forces -of the Katipunan and the Spaniards in Manila. In Bigaá were -Tagalog soldiers drilling to take part in the fighting.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a116.30" name="a116.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Hindí nalaúnan at kamì ay -nápasa báyan naŋ Bùstos. Aŋ <a id= -"a116.31" name="a116.31"></a>báya ŋ itò ay -nasàsákup dìn sa maŋa panahò ŋ -iyòn naŋ maŋa <a id="a116.32" name= -"a116.32"></a>Katipunéros. Aŋ báya ŋ -iyòn ay lubhà ŋ magandà dahilàn sa -<a id="a116.33" name="a116.33"></a>sarì-sáre ŋ -hitsúra naŋ maŋa bágay-bágay na -nàkìkíta. Aŋ ílug <a id="a116.34" -name="a116.34"></a>ay lubha ŋ maláwak, aŋ -pasígan ay malápad, may maŋa buntòn <a id= -"a116.35" name="a116.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>naŋ -batò at buháŋin sa pasígan. Aŋ -ámi ŋ maŋa kaybíga ŋ tinulúyan ay -mababaìt na táo. Akò at aŋ áki ŋ -kapatìd na babáye <a id="a116.37" name="a116.37"></a>ay -kanila ŋ paráti ŋ ipinalílibàŋ, at -aŋ paglilibàŋ na itò ay aŋ <a id="a116.38" -name="a116.38"></a>pagpapasísid naŋ páto sa -malínaw na túbig sa ílog.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">A little later we went to the town of Bustos. This town -also was at that time in the hands of the Katipunan. This town is very -pretty because of the various aspect of the things one sees. The river -is very broad, the banks are wide, and on the banks are hills of stone -and sand. The friends with whom we stayed were kind people. They often -played with my sister and me, and the game was to make ducks dive in -the clear waters of the river.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Kuŋ anò aŋ naŋyári sa -maŋa paglalabanàn naŋ maŋa panaho <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb118" href="#pb118" name= -"pb118">118</a>]</span><a id="a118.1" name="a118.1"></a>ŋ -iyòn ay hindí ku nàalamàn, dahilàn -sa kaliitàn at kawalàn pa naŋ málay.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">What took place in the fighting of those times I did not -find out, for I was still small and had not yet any understanding.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a118.3" name="a118.3"></a>Naŋ -dumatìŋ aŋ takbúhan sa Amerikáno, -akò y may gúlaŋ na naŋ kauntìʾ, at -marámi akù ŋ natàtandaàn sa ámi -ŋ pagtakbò <a id="a118.5" name="a118.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>sa bundòk. Naŋ aŋ maŋa -Amerikáno ay nagsìsipanálo na lában <a id= -"a118.6" name="a118.6"></a>sa maŋa sundálo ni -Aginàldo aŋ maŋa táo sa -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl <a id="a118.7" name="a118.7"></a>ay -pinagsisiglàn naŋ tákot. Lumagánap sa -báyan aŋ balítaʾ na aŋ maŋa -Amerikáno ay maŋa táo ŋ salbáhe, -malulupìt, at mababagsìk <a id="a118.9" name= -"a118.9"></a>at wala ŋ pìtágan sa káhit anu -pa màn. Itò y sigúru ŋ <a id="a118.10" name= -"a118.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>isa ŋ balíta -ŋ pakálat naŋ maŋa Kastílaʾ at -lálù na naŋ maŋa kúra sa -Filipínas.</p> -<p class="par">Dáhil sa pagkatákot naŋ maŋa -táo sa maŋa Amerikáno hálus <a id="a118.13" -name="a118.13"></a>kami ŋ lahàt na namàmáyan -ay nagsipagbalùt at nagsiáhun sa <a id="a118.14" name= -"a118.14"></a>bundòk. Kamì ay -nàtìtirà noòn sa báhay naŋ isa -ŋ áli naŋ áki <a id="a118.15" name= -"a118.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>ŋ nánay, at -doòn ay kasúno rìn námin aŋ -aŋkàn naŋ kúya naŋ <a id="a118.16" name= -"a118.16"></a>áki ŋ nánay. Áki ŋ -natàtandaàn na máy-roò ŋ -mahigìt na sà m <a id="a118.17" name="a118.17"></a>pu -ŋ áraw aŋ pagbabastáan at aŋ -paghahàkútan naŋ maŋa kasaŋkápan -<a id="a118.18" name="a118.18"></a>námi ŋ -magkakasúnoʾ. Aŋ maŋa karitòn na -máy lúla <a id="a118.19" name="a118.19"></a>ŋ -kasaŋkápan ay gabì kuŋ ipalákad, -úpaŋ aŋ maŋa kalabàw na <a id="a118.20" -name="a118.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>humìhíla ay huwàg -magsisáyad sa kainítan naŋ áraw. Aŋ -maŋa <a id="a118.21" name="a118.21"></a>karitòn ay -pùnúan haŋgàŋ sa ituktòk naŋ -káraŋ nitò at aŋ maŋa <a id="a118.22" -name="a118.22"></a>kalabàw ay lubhà ŋ -nahirápan sa paghíla naŋ mabibigàt na -lúlan. <a id="a118.23" name="a118.23"></a>Naŋ walá -na ŋ nàtìtirà sa maŋa abúbot ay -kamì namà ŋ maŋa táo <a id="a118.24" -name="a118.24"></a>aŋ nagsilúlan sa karitòn -úpaŋ ihatìd sa bundòk.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the flight from the Americans came, I was already a -little older, and I remember much of our flight to the mountains. When -the Americans had defeated the soldiers of Aguinaldo the people of San -Miguel were filled with terror. The report circulated in the town that -the Americans were wild people, cruel and fierce, and without respect -for anything. This no doubt was a rumor which the Spaniards caused to -be spread, and especially the Spanish priests in the Philippines. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb119" href="#pb119" name= -"pb119">119</a>]</span>Owing to people’s fear of the Americans, -almost all of us townspeople packed up our belongings and went up into -the mountains. We were living at that time in the house of an aunt of -my mother’s, and there dwelt with us also the family of my -mother’s oldest brother. I remember that the packing and hauling -of the goods of all of us who lived in the house took more than ten -days. The wagons laden with our goods were despatched at night, so that -the <span class="corr" id="xd21e8491" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> that drew them should not get -exhausted in the heat of the sun. The wagons were filled up to the top -of the covering, and the <span class="corr" id="xd21e8494" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> were much wearied by the drawing of -the heavy loads. When no belongings of ours were left, we ourselves got -into the wagon to be carried to the mountains.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a118.25" name="a118.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Aŋ lugàr na ámi ŋ -pinarunàn ay tinàtáwag na -Paà-ŋ-Bundòk, <a id="a118.26" name= -"a118.26"></a>kalaháti-ŋ-áraw na lakárin -mulá sa Sibòl. Doòn aŋ dinatnàn <a id= -"a118.27" name="a118.27"></a>námi ŋ titirhàn ay isa -ŋ kúbo lámaŋ na may atìp na kúgon -<a id="a118.28" name="a118.28"></a>at lubhà ŋ -maliìt. Aŋ sahìg ay maŋa saŋà -naŋ káhoy na pinutúlan <a id="a118.29" name= -"a118.29"></a>naŋ maŋa maliliìt na saŋà, -dátapuwat hindí makikínis ní <a id= -"a118.30" name="a118.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>hindí pantay-pantày. Gayon dìn -lubhà ŋ maliìt at pinàpások naŋ -<a id="a118.31" name="a118.31"></a>háŋin at lamìg. -Ganoòn aŋ ámi ŋ tinirhàn na may ila -ŋ bwàn, sa lugàr naŋ báhay na -tablà naŋ áli naŋ áki ŋ -nánay.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">The place we went to was called Paang-Bundóc, -half a day’s walk from Sibul Springs. The dwelling we came to -there was a mere hut with a roof of cugon-grass, and very small. The -floor consisted of branches of trees with the twigs cut off, but not -smooth or even. It was very small and was penetrated by wind and cold. -Such was the place we lived in for several months, instead of the frame -house of my mother’s aunt.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Doòn sa Paà-ŋ-Bundòk ay -nakátagpu kamì naŋ maràmi ŋ <a id= -"a118.34" name="a118.34"></a>kababáyan na nagsiílag -dìn, at aŋ maŋa náhuli ŋ -nagsidatìŋ ay <a id="a118.35" name= -"a118.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>nagbalíta ŋ -aŋ lahàt naŋ táo sa báyan ay -naŋása bundok nà o kayà y naŋása -ibà ŋ báyan nà. Aŋ -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl ay nawalàʾ, -dátapuwat aŋ maŋa báhay ay sya -lámaŋ nàròroòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">There in Paang-Bundóc there came to us many -fellow-townspeople who were also fleeing, and the last comers reported -that all the people of the town were by now in the mountains, or at any -rate gone, and only the houses were left.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par">Pagkaraàn naŋ ila ŋ bwà ŋ -pagtitirà námin sa Paà-ŋ-Bundòk <a id= -"a118.39" name="a118.39"></a>ay lumípat kamì sa isa -ŋ lugàr na líhim. Aŋ lugàr na -iyòn ay <a id="a118.40" name="a118.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>isà ŋ kaiŋìn sa -kagubátan. Walà ŋ nakààalam ní -sínu man sa <a id="a118.41" name="a118.41"></a>ámin -aŋ paŋálan naŋ lugàr, at aŋ -ibà ŋ nakààalàm ay inilíhim -<a id="a118.42" name="a118.42"></a>na lubhàʾ, -úpaŋ hwag màpagalamàn naŋ iba ŋ -táo aŋ ámi ŋ <a id="a118.43" name= -"a118.43"></a>kinàtàtagúan. Iyòn ay -paraàn naŋ paŋiŋílag hindí sa -kaáway <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb120" href="#pb120" name= -"pb120">120</a>]</span><a id="a120.1" name= -"a120.1"></a>lámaŋ, dátapuwat sa tulisàn at -magnanákaw dìn. Aŋ báhay na <a id="a120.2" -name="a120.2"></a>tinirhàn námin doòn ay -lubhà ŋ malakì, mahába ŋ -mahábaʾ sa <a id="a120.3" name="a120.3"></a>ilálim -naŋ isà ŋ bubuŋàn. Aŋ -kabahayàn ay hináti naŋ magkakasiŋlakì -ŋ kwàrto. Máy-roo ŋ walò aŋ -bílaŋ nitò. Sa báwat <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>kwàrto ay isà ŋ aŋkàn -aŋ nátirà. Díto ay máy-roon dì -ŋ ila ŋ <a id="a120.6" name="a120.6"></a>bwàn aŋ -ámi ŋ ikinàpagtirà.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After several months’ stay at Paang-Bundóc -we went from there to a secret place. This place was a clearing in the -jungle. Not one of us was allowed to know the name of the place, and -those who knew it kept it very secret, so that our hiding-place should -not be known by any outsider. This was a way of escaping not only the -enemy, but also robbers and thieves. The house we lived in there was -very large, a very long building, all under one roof. The building was -cut up into rooms of equal size. The number of these was about eight. -In each room one family lived. Here too we were compelled to stay for -several months.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a120.7" name="a120.7"></a>Naŋ -màlàlapit nà sa -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl aŋ maŋa Amerikáno, -nàbalitáan námin na aŋ maŋa táo -ŋ itò y hindí gáya naŋ maŋa <a id= -"a120.9" name="a120.9"></a>sabì-sabè, kanyàʾ -umuntí naŋ umuntìʾ aŋ ámi ŋ -tákot sa kanilà. <a id="a120.10" name= -"a120.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>Dáhil díto y -umalìs kamì sa ámi ŋ malálim na -taguàn, <a id="a120.11" name="a120.11"></a>at naparoòn -kamì sa Páhoʾ. Itò y isà ŋ -lugàr sa bundok dìn, dátapuwat malápit -naŋ kauntìʾ sa báyan. Díto y -lubhà ŋ marámi kamì ŋ dinatnàn -naŋ maŋa kababáyan at tagà iba t ibà -ŋ lugàr. Karamíhan sa kanilà ay máy -maŋa sakìt, dahilàn sa <a id="a120.15" name= -"a120.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>pagtitirà sa -bundòk. Díto nagkaroòn naŋ malakì -ŋ kagamitàn <a id="a120.16" name="a120.16"></a>aŋ -maŋa gamòt na ipinaáhon ni Nánay sa -bundòk, at hindí iníwan <a id="a120.17" name= -"a120.17"></a>sa báyan. Aŋ maŋa gamòt na -itò y árì ni Tátay at kanya ŋ <a id= -"a120.18" name="a120.18"></a>iníwan sa pagkapatápun sa -kanyà naŋ maŋa kúra sa Holò. Isa <a id= -"a120.19" name="a120.19"></a>ŋ umága máy-roo ŋ -tumáwag sa ámi ŋ báhay úpaŋ -bumilì naŋ <a id="a120.20" name="a120.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>gamòt. Hinánap ni Nánay aŋ -kahò ŋ kinàlàlagyàn naŋ -gamòt. <a id="a120.21" name="a120.21"></a>Naŋ itò y -mabuksan nà ay nàkíta námin aŋ -isà ŋ áhas na nakaíkid <a id="a120.22" name= -"a120.22"></a>at natùtúlog sa ibábaw naŋ -ipà na nàtàtábon sa maŋa bóte. -Malaki ŋ twàʾ naŋ ibà ŋ táo -ŋ nakàkíta, dátapuwat si Nánay ay -<a id="a120.24" name="a120.24"></a>natákot lámaŋ. -Hindí nya nàlàláman aŋ -kahulugàn naŋ áhas <a id="a120.25" name= -"a120.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>na iyòn. -Pagkaraàn naŋ kàtwáan ay itinanùŋ -ni Nánay kuŋ anò <a id="a120.26" name= -"a120.26"></a>aŋ dáhil at silà y -nagkàkàtwáan. Isinagòt nilà kay -Nánay na aŋ <a id="a120.27" name= -"a120.27"></a>kahulugàn naŋ áhas na iyòn ay -aŋ pagpatúŋo sa pagyáman naŋ <a id= -"a120.28" name="a120.28"></a>may árì naŋ -gamòt. Si Nánay ay nàpatawà -lámaŋ sa kanilà ŋ sábi, at hindí -sya nanìniwálà sa maŋa bágay na -iyòn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the Americans were already near the town of San -Miguel, it was reported to us that these people were not as hearsay -described them, so that our fear of them gradually gave way. -Accordingly we left our deep concealment and went to Paho. This too is -a place in the mountains, but nearer to the town. There we were met by -many fellow-townsmen and people from various other places. Most of them -were sick from staying in the mountains. Here the medicines which -Mother had taken up into the mountains instead of leaving them in the -town, were of great use. These medicines belonged to Father; he had -left them behind when he was banished <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb121" href="#pb121" name="pb121">121</a>]</span>to Sulu by the -Spanish priests. One morning someone called at our house to buy some -medicine. Mother went to the chest in which the medicine lay. When it -was opened, we saw a snake coiled up and sleeping on the rice-hulls -that covered the bottles. The people who saw this rejoiced greatly, but -Mother was only frightened. She did not know the meaning of the snake. -When the rejoicing was over, Mother asked why they were all so glad. -They answered that the meaning of the snake was that the owner of the -medicine was going to get rich. Mother only laughed at what they said, -for she did not believe in these things.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>Naŋ makaraàn -aŋ ilà ŋ bwàn ay iníwan námin -aŋ Páhoʾ at umwí kamì sa báyan. -Naŋ kamì ay dumatìŋ na doòn, -marámi <a id="a120.32" name="a120.32"></a>sa ila ŋ -kasaŋkápan na naíwan námin ay -pinagnakàw naŋ ila ŋ <a id="a120.33" name= -"a120.33"></a>táo ŋ naŋaíwan sa báyan. -Aŋ tablà na sahìg naŋ báhay naŋ -áli ni Nánay ay walá na, at hindí nila -nàláman kuŋ síno aŋ kumúha.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">After a few months we left Paho and went home to our -town. When we got there, most of the few belongings we had left there -had been stolen by the few people who had been left in the town. The -boards of the flooring of the house of Mother’s aunt were gone, -and they did not know who had taken them.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>Hindí -nalaúnan aŋ ámi ŋ pagdatìŋ sa -báyan at nàbalíta ŋ aŋ maŋa -sundálo ŋ Amerikáno ay malápit na sa -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl. <a id="a120.37" name= -"a120.37"></a>Kamì ay hindí nabagábag sa -balíta ŋ itò, at hinintày námin -aŋ <a id="a120.38" name="a120.38"></a>kanila ŋ -pagdatìŋ. Isà ŋ kataŋhalían ay -matahímik aŋ báyan. <a id="a120.39" name= -"a120.39"></a>Aŋ maŋa sundálu ŋ -naŋása báyan ay naŋagsialìs at aŋ -ibà ŋ <a id="a120.40" name="a120.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>hindí umalìs ay ipinagtapòn -aŋ kanila ŋ maŋa barìl. Aŋ dahilàn -naŋ bágay na iyòn ay aŋ pagpások -naŋ maŋa sundálo ŋ Amerikáno. <a id= -"a120.42" name="a120.42"></a>Sa dulúhan naŋ bakúran -naŋ báhay na ámi ŋ kinàtirhàn -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb122" href="#pb122" name= -"pb122">122</a>]</span><a id="a122.1" name="a122.1"></a>ay -nàkíta ko aŋ paglápit naŋ maŋa -sundálo. Aŋ salawàl nilà ay <a id="a122.2" -name="a122.2"></a>káki at aŋ kamiséta asùl. -Bitbìt nilà aŋ maŋa barìl at -nakahiléra sila naŋ pagtakbò sa bukirìn at -patúŋo silà sa daàn.</p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">Not long after our arrival in town it was reported that -the American soldiers were now near to the town of San Miguel. We were -not made uneasy by this news, and awaited their arrival. One noon the -town was quiet. The soldiers who were in the town went away and those -who did not go away threw away their guns. The reason for this was the -entry of the American soldiers. From the back yard of the house in -which we were living I saw the approach of the soldiers. Their trousers -were khaki and their shirts blue. They carried their guns and ran in -single file across the fields and came toward the road.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="first" lang="tl"> -<p class="par"><a id="a122.4" name="a122.4"></a>Naŋ aŋ -maŋa Amerikáno y sya nà ŋ -namàmahálaʾ sa báyan, <a id="a122.5" name= -"a122.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>may ila ŋ bwà -ŋ aŋ maŋa útos ay mahihigpìt. Aŋ -maŋa ílaw <a id="a122.6" name="a122.6"></a>ay -ipinapápatay sa alasès naŋ gabì, at wala -ŋ táo ŋ pinahìhintulúta <a id="a122.7" -name="a122.7"></a>ŋ maglakàd pagkaraàn naŋ -óras na itò. Sa maŋa bundòk na malápit -sa San-Migèl ay marámi ŋ maŋa sundálo -ŋ Tagálog <a id="a122.9" name="a122.9"></a>at -madalàs nila ŋ sinalakáyan aŋ -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl. Dáhil sa <a id="a122.10" -name="a122.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>maŋa -pagsalákay na itò, aŋ maŋa báhay sa -San-Migèl ay pinagsunòg naŋ maŋa -Amerikáno. Kuŋ gabi-gabì aŋ pagsalákay -naŋ <a id="a122.12" name="a122.12"></a>maŋa sundálo, -gabi-gabì rìn namàn aŋ ginawà ŋ -panunúnog naŋ <a id="a122.13" name="a122.13"></a>maŋa -báhay. Aŋ ámi ŋ maŋa -kápit-báhay ay nagsìsilípat sa <a id= -"a122.14" name="a122.14"></a>ámin gabi-gabì -úpaŋ doòn makitúlog, sapagkàt sa -ámi ŋ báhay <a id="a122.15" name= -"a122.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>ay hindí -lubhà ŋ malakì aŋ paŋánib sa -maŋa bála naŋ nagsìsipaglabanàn. Aŋ -maŋgagamòt naŋ maŋa sundálo ŋ -Amerikáno na <a id="a122.17" name= -"a122.17"></a>násàsa báya-ŋ-San-Migèl -ay nagìŋ kaybígan naŋ áki ŋ -tátay, at <a id="a122.18" name="a122.18"></a>dáhil -díto y náligtas sa súnog aŋ ámi ŋ -tìráhan. Mínsan ay sinábi naŋ -maŋgagámot na itò kay Tátay na madalàs -sya ŋ sumáma sa <a id="a122.20" name= -"a122.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>maŋa patrúlya -at sinàsábi nya ríto na hwag sunúgin -aŋ ámi ŋ <a id="a122.21" name= -"a122.21"></a>báhay. Sa kalaúnan, naŋ hindí -mapaalìs naŋ maŋa sundálo ŋ <a id= -"a122.22" name="a122.22"></a>Tagálog aŋ maŋa -Amerikáno sa báyan, ay hinintuàn na nilà -aŋ <a id="a122.23" name="a122.23"></a>pananalákay, at -aŋ báya y tumahímik nà. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb17" href="#pb17" name="pb17">17</a>]</span></p> -</td> -<td class="second" lang="en"> -<p class="par">When the Americans were in possession of the town, -orders for some months were strict. Lights were ordered extinguished at -six o’clock in the evening, and no one was allowed to walk about -after this hour. In the mountains near San Miguel were many Tagalog -soldiers, and they often attacked the town of San Miguel. On account of -these attacks the Americans set fire to houses in San Miguel. Night -after night when the soldiers attacked, the houses were regularly set -fire to. Our neighbors came to us every night to sleep with us, because -in our house the danger from the bullets of the contestants was not so -great. The doctor of the American soldiers who were in the town of San -Miguel had become a friend of my father’s, and for this reason -our house escaped being burned. Once this doctor told Father that he -often accompanied the patrols and told them not to burn down our house. -Finally, as the Tagalog soldiers did not succeed in driving the -Americans out of the town, they stopped their attacks, and the town -became quiet. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb133" href="#pb133" name= -"pb133">133</a>]</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="gramana" class="div1 chapter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd21e284">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main"><span class="corr" id="xd21e8517" title= -"Not in source"><span class="divNum">II.</span></span> GRAMMATICAL -ANALYSIS.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><span class="sc">Note.</span>—The following -grammatical analysis of Mr. Santiago’s speech can, of course, lay -no claim to completeness: he surely uses some constructions and very -many forms which I have not heard or have failed to note. Such fulness -as will be found is due to Mr. Santiago’s intelligence and -patience under questioning and in conversation. A very few of the -examples represent his form of sentences in MacKinlay’s -<i>Handbook</i>. The full representation of derivatives of the root -<span lang="tl">pútol</span> <i>cut</i> is due to Mr. -Santiago’s kindness in listing these forms, wherever they seemed -possible to his speech-feeling, in accordance with my list of -morphologic elements, and in then forming sentences to illustrate -them.</p> -<p class="par">In the use of accent-marks and of the symbol <i>y</i> I -have deviated from the practice of the International Phonetic -Association. Where roots did not occur as independent words, I have -prefixed a hyphen and given a theoretical meaning. In the explanation -of constructions I have allowed myself the use of distorted English; -although this time-honored device does not really reproduce the foreign -expression (substituting, as it does, impossible constructions for -natural ones), it does enable the reader to follow the general trend of -the foreign idiom. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb134" href="#pb134" -name="pb134">134</a>]</span></p> -<div id="ch2.a" class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd21e292">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">A.</span> PHONETICS.</h3> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.a.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="divNum">1.</span> Distinctive -sounds.</h4> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<div class="par first"><b>1.</b> The distinctive sounds are the -following: -<div class="table"> -<table> -<thead> -<tr class="label"> -<td class="cellHeadLeft cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom"><i>Labial</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom"><i>Dental</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom"><i>Palatal</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom"><i>Velar</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellHeadRight cellHeadTop cellHeadBottom"> -<i>Laryngeal</i></td> -</tr> -</thead> -<tbody> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><span class="lineNum">5</span> <i>Stops: -unvoiced</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">p</td> -<td class="xd21e8560">t</td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">k</td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellRight">ʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"> -<table class="ditto"> -<tr class="s"> -<td>Stops:</td> -</tr> -<tr class="d"> -<td>,,</td> -</tr> -</table> -<i>voiced</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">b</td> -<td class="xd21e8560">d</td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">g</td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellRight"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><i>Spirants (unvoiced)</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">s</td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellRight">h</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><i>Nasals (voiced)</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">m</td> -<td class="xd21e8560">n</td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">ŋ</td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellRight"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><i>Trill (voiced)</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">r</td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellRight"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><span class="lineNum">10</span><i>Lateral -(voiced)</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">l</td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellRight"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><i>High vowels</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">i(e,y)</td> -<td class="xd21e8560"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560">u(o,w)</td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellRight"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellBottom"><i>Low vowel</i></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellBottom"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellBottom"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellBottom">a</td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellBottom"></td> -<td class="xd21e8560 cellRight cellBottom"></td> -</tr> -</tbody> -</table> -</div> -</div> -<p class="par"><b>2.</b> <i>a</i> is a low unrounded vowel, as in -Standard English <i>far</i>, but more tense and with the corners of the -mouth (lips) slightly <span class="lineNum">15</span>drawn back: -<span lang="tl">hàlamanàn</span> <i>garden</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>3.</b> <i>i</i> and <i>u</i>, in what may be regarded -as the normal form, are about as high as the Standard (American) -English vowels in <i>pit</i> and <i>put</i>, but more tense; moreover, -the lips are well drawn <a id="a134.19" name="a134.19"></a>back for -<i>i</i> and well rounded for <i>u</i>: <span lang= -"tl">ínit</span> <i>heat</i>, <span lang= -"tl">lutúin</span> <i>be cooked</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>4.</b> In the final -syllable of a phrase (or of a word spoken alone) the tongue position of -<i>i</i> and <i>u</i> is as a rule lowered, often all the way to mid -position; the tenseness and lip position are, however, kept, so that -the resulting sound often resembles French <i>è</i> and lower -<i>o</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>5.</b> <i>u</i> is -nearly always so lowered: <span lang="tl">bágo</span> -<i>new</i>, <span lang="tl">buhòk</span> <i>hair</i>. It is not -lowered in <span lang="tl">pùʾ</span> <i>ten</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>6.</b> <i>i</i> is not lowered before dentals: -<span lang="tl">káhit</span> <i>though</i>, <span lang= -"tl">ákin</span> <i>my</i>, <a id="a134.28" name= -"a134.28"></a><span lang="tl">pígil</span> <i>compulsion</i>. It -is usually kept high also before velars: <span lang= -"tl">sahìg</span> <i>flooring</i>, <span lang= -"tl">siŋsìŋ</span> <i>ring</i>. Some words ending in -velars more or less <span class="lineNum">30</span>regularly have the -lowering: <span lang="tl">pútik, pútek</span> <i>mud</i>; -so especially some <a id="a134.31" name="a134.31"></a>proper names: -<span lang="tl">Intsèk</span> <i>Chinese</i>, <span lang= -"tl">Lóleŋ</span> <i>Lola</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Even in other cases the higher variants of <i>i</i> are -commoner than the lower; <span lang="tl">hindìʾ</span> -<i>not</i>, <span lang="tl">kamì</span> <i>we</i>, <span lang= -"tl">gabì</span> <i>night</i>, <span lang= -"tl">mulìʾ</span> <i>again</i> are commoner than these -words with <i>e</i>; a very few words, such as <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb135" href="#pb135" name= -"pb135">135</a>]</span><span lang="tl">ulèʾ</span> -<i>again</i> have oftener <i>e</i> than <i>i</i>; others, such as -<span lang="tl">itèm</span> <i>black</i> are fairly regular in -their variation.</p> -<p class="par"><b>7.</b> Within a closely unified phrase the lowering -is as a rule omitted: <span lang="tl">ulí sya</span> <i>again -he</i> (<span lang="tl">ulèʾ</span>), <span lang= -"tl">Hintú na!</span> <i>Stop!</i> (<span lang= -"tl">hintòʾ</span>). In <span class="lineNum">5</span>this -regard the habits are variable; the form chosen depends mostly on the -speaker’s momentary attitude toward the closeness of joining of -the words.</p> -<p class="par">A dissimilative factor also seems to be involved: a -following <i>i</i> or <i>u</i> favors the lowering:</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><span lang= -"tl">Natùtúlug aŋ áso.</span> <i>The dog is -sleeping.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Natùtúlog si -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan is sleeping.</i></p> -<p id="p8" class="par"><b>8.</b> <i>o</i> occurs in a number of words -as the vowel in the last two syllables: in all of them the intervening -consonant is the glottal stop: <span lang="tl">óʾo</span> -<i>yes</i>, <span lang="tl">doʾòn</span> <i>there</i>; -<span lang="tl">boʾòʾ</span> <i>whole</i> has -occasionally <span lang="tl">buʾòʾ</span>. -<span class="lineNum">15</span>The raised variant is not used within -the phrase: <span lang="tl">Óʾo pòʾ</span>. -<i>Yes, sir.</i> <i>Yes, ma’am.</i> <span lang= -"tl">doʾòn sya</span> <i>there he</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a135.17" name="a135.17"></a><i>e</i> occurs in -the same way in <span lang="tl">leʾèg</span> <i>neck</i>, -beside <span lang="tl">liʾìg</span>.</p> -<p id="p9" class="par"><b>9.</b> In word-formation, when, by the -addition of suffixes, the <i>i</i> or <i>u</i> is no longer final, it -is not lowered: <span lang="tl">lútoʾ</span> <i>cook</i>, -<span lang="tl">lutúin</span> <i>be <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>cooked</i>; <span lang="tl">itèm</span> -<i>black</i>, <span lang="tl">itimàn</span> <i>be made -black</i>. Occasionally, however, <a id="a135.21" name= -"a135.21"></a>the lowered vowel is retained: <span lang= -"tl">táo</span> <i>human being</i>, <span lang= -"tl">ka-taó-han</span> <i>mankind</i>, <a id="a135.22" name= -"a135.22"></a>beside <span lang="tl">kataúhan, -tao-taó-han <i>manikin</i></span>, <i>pupil of the eye</i>, -beside <span lang="tl">tautaúhan</span>.</p> -<p class="par">The words with <span lang="tl">oʾo</span> (§ -<a href="#p8">8</a>) keep the lowered vowel when uncontracted: -<span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">pina-roʾon-àn</span> <i>was gone to</i> (<span lang= -"tl">doʾòn</span> <i>there</i>); these words are also -reduplicated with <i>o</i>: <span lang= -"tl">kinà-dò-roʾon-àn</span> <i>is been -in</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>10.</b> <i>e</i> and <i>o</i> occur also in -unassimilated loan-words: <span lang="tl">bèsbol</span> <a id= -"a135.28" name="a135.28"></a><i>baseball</i>, <span lang= -"tl">Silà y nag-bè-bèsbol</span><span class="corr" -id="xd21e9237" title="Source: .">,</span> <i>They are playing -baseball</i>, <span lang="tl">estudiyànte, -istudiyànte</span> <i>student</i>, <span lang="tl">polìs, -pulìs</span> <i>policeman</i>, <span lang= -"tl">sipéro</span> <i>football <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>player</i>, <span lang= -"tl">baŋkéro</span> <i>canoer</i> (both with Spanish suffix -<span lang="tl">-éro</span> added to Tagalog words: <span lang= -"tl">sípaʾ</span> <i>football</i>, <span lang= -"tl">baŋkàʾ</span> <i>canoe</i>).</p> -<p class="par">For <i>e</i> see also § <a href="#p29">29</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>11.</b> As the variation between <i>i</i> and -<i>e</i> and between <i>o</i> and <i>u</i> is thus never distinctive, -there is no need of indicating it in transcription; <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>I have, however, used the characters <i>e</i> and -<i>o</i> wherever I heard markedly lowered variants.</p> -<p class="par"><b>12.</b> <i>i</i> and <i>u</i> occur also as -non-syllabics; I use, respectively, the characters <i>y</i> and -<i>w</i>: <span lang="tl">yaòn</span> <i>that</i>, <span lang= -"tl">gáya</span> <i>like</i>, <span lang= -"tl">wíkaʾ</span> <i>speech</i>, <i>word</i>, <span lang= -"tl">táwag</span> <i>call</i>. In final position they are always -lowered: thus in <span class="lineNum">40</span><span lang= -"tl">patày</span> <i>dead person</i>, <span lang= -"tl">ikàw</span> <i>thou</i>, <i>y</i> represents non-syllabic -<i>e</i>, <i>w</i> non-syllabic <i>o</i>.</p> -<p id="p13" class="par"><b>13.</b> In word-formation before suffixes -vowels are in certain cases lost, see Morphology: <span lang= -"tl">kánin</span> <i>be eaten</i>, <span lang= -"tl">-káin</span> <i>eat</i> with suffix <span lang= -"tl">-in</span>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb136" href="#pb136" -name="pb136">136</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p14" class="par"><b>14.</b> The laryngeal (glottal) stop occurs -as a distinctive sound only after a vowel at the end of words: -<span lang="tl">bátaʾ</span> <i>child</i>, <i>boy</i>, -<i>girl</i>, <span lang="tl">hindìʾ</span> <i>not</i>, -<span lang="tl">hintòʾ</span> <i>stop</i>.</p> -<p class="par">As a non-distinctive sound it is used as a -vowel-separator <span class="lineNum">5</span>wherever syllabic vowels -follow each other without an intervening distinctive non-syllabic. In -this use I shall not indicate it in transcription, as it may be taken -for granted wherever vowels are written together. Such words as those -in § <a href="#p8">8</a> will therefore from now on be transcribed -without the sign for glottal stop: <span class= -"lineNum">10</span><span lang="tl">doòn, óo, -boòʾ</span>. So <span lang="tl">táo</span> (§ -<a href="#p9">9</a>) means <span lang="tl">táʾo</span>, -etc. Cf. below.</p> -<p id="p15" class="par"><b>15.</b> The distinctive final glottal stop -is usually lost before a following word in the phrase: <span lang= -"tl">hindí sya</span> <i>not he</i>, <span lang= -"tl">Hintú na!</span> <i>Stop!</i></p> -<p class="par">It is always lost before the words ŋ, t, and y: -<span lang="tl">aŋ báta ŋ mabaìt</span> <i>the -good child</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>16.</b> <i>p</i>, -<i>t</i>, <i>k</i> are unvoiced fortis stops; they differ from the -corresponding English sounds primarily in that they are only slightly -aspirated. In sentence-final the implosion only is made.</p> -<p class="par"><i>t</i> (in contrast with the English sound) is -postdental, often near to interdental.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><i>k</i> is always -articulated in back velar position (as in English <i>coo</i>), no -matter what sound follows. The closure of <i>k</i> is occasionally -imperfect, so that a rather open velar spirant (resembling Slavic -<i>x</i>) is heard: <span lang="tl">malaxàs</span> for -<span lang="tl">malakàs</span> <i>strong</i>; this variation has -not been noted in transcription.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>In word-formation -<i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>k</i> alternate, respectively, with <i>m</i>, -<i>n</i>, <i>ŋ</i>; see Morphology.</p> -<p id="p17" class="par"><b>17.</b> <i>b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>g</i> -correspond in position to <i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>k</i>. They are fully -voiced lenis stops; in sentence-final often implosive only, and then -weakly voiced.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>The closure of <i>b</i> -is occasionally imperfect, so that a bilabial spirant is produced: -<span lang="tl">túVig</span> for <span lang= -"tl">túbig</span> <i>water</i>; this variation has been ignored -in transcription.</p> -<p class="par">In word-formation <i>b</i> alternates with <i>m</i>; see -Morphology.</p> -<p class="par">Final <i>d</i> in word-formation is always replaced by -<i>r</i> before the <span class="lineNum">35</span>vowel of a suffix: -<span lang="tl">lákad</span> <i>walk</i>, <span lang= -"tl">lakar-àn</span> <i>walking-party</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Initial <i>d</i> becomes <i>r</i> in the sentence -frequently after the final vowel of a preceding word and occasionally -even after a final non-syllabic, in the words <span lang= -"tl">daàn</span> <i>hundred</i> (not in <span lang= -"tl">daàn</span> <i>road</i>), <span lang="tl">damò, -dàw, dìn, díne, díto, diyàn, -doòn</span>; e. g. <span lang="tl">ako rìn</span> <i>I -too</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>In word-formation some -words frequently change <i>d</i> to <i>r</i> after the vowel of a -prefix or a reduplication, and others do not: <span lang= -"tl">pa-raàn</span> <i>means</i> (<span lang= -"tl">daàn</span> <i>road</i>, <i>way</i>), but <span lang= -"tl">i-pa-dalà</span> <i>be sent</i> (<span lang= -"tl">dalà</span> <i>bring</i>, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb137" href="#pb137" name="pb137">137</a>]</span><i>carry</i>). The -words (or roots) that have changeable <i>d-</i> are those mentioned in -the preceding paragraph and <span lang="tl">daàn, -dáka, -damdàm, dámi, dámot, daŋàl, -dapàʾ, dápat, dáti, -dátig, --datìŋ, dikìt, -dinìg, -díwaŋ, --dúkit, -dumè, dúnoŋ, dúsa</span>.</p> -<p id="p18" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>18.</b> -<i>s</i> is the normal unvoiced sibilant, spoken in postdental -position. Before <i>y</i> and <i>iy</i> it is somewhat palatalized -(more, for instance, than Russian palatalized <i>s</i>),—a -variation that is not distinctive and need not be noted in -transcription: <span lang="tl">siyà, syà</span> -<i>he</i>, <i>she</i>, pronounced with palatalized <i>s</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><i>s</i> alternates in -word-formation with <i>n</i>; see Morphology.</p> -<p class="par">In the affricate combination <i>ts</i>, which is felt -and treated as a single sound, the <i>s</i> is always palatalized: -<span lang="tl">Intsèk</span> <i>Chinese</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>19.</b> <i>h</i> is the unvoiced glottal spirant; as -in English, it occurs only in syllable-initial: <span lang= -"tl">hindìʾ</span> <i>not</i>, <span lang= -"tl">báhay</span> <i>house</i>, <span lang= -"tl">mukhàʾ</span> <i>face</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>In word-formation -<i>h</i> is often spoken before the initial vowel <a id="a137.16" name= -"a137.16"></a>of a suffix that is added to a final vowel: <span lang= -"tl">-bása</span> <i>read</i>, <span lang= -"tl">basa-hàn</span> <i>reading room</i>. See Morphology.</p> -<p id="p20" class="par"><b>20.</b> The nasals <i>m</i>, <i>n</i>, -<i>ŋ</i> correspond in position to the stops. In word-formation -they alternate, respectively, with <i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>k</i>; -<i>m</i> <span class="lineNum">20</span>also with <i>b</i>, and -<i>n</i> also with <i>s</i>; <i>ŋ</i> is often prefixed to an -initial vowel; see Morphology.</p> -<p class="par">Both in word-formation and in the phrase the nasals are -occasionally assimilated in position to a following consonant: -<span lang="tl">sà m pùʾ</span> <i>ten</i> (m for -ŋ), <span lang="tl">Saàŋ ka páparon?</span> -<i>Where are you going?</i> (for <span class= -"lineNum">25</span><span lang="tl">saàn</span>).</p> -<p class="par">In the sentence, final <i>n</i> is lost before the words -ŋ, t, and y: <span lang="tl">aŋ áki ŋ -amà</span> <i>my father</i> (for <span lang= -"tl">ákin</span> <i>my</i>).</p> -<p id="p21" class="par"><b>21.</b> <i>r</i> is the voiced tongue-tip -trill, postdental. It occurs between vowels within simple, underived -words: <span lang="tl">áraw</span> <i>sun</i>, -<i>day</i>,—no <span class="lineNum">30</span>doubt as a -substitute for <i>d</i>, which never occurs in this position; -everywhere else <i>r</i> is merely a variant of <i>d</i> (§ -<a href="#p17">17</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>22.</b> <i>l</i> is postdental; the timbre is much as -in Standard French or German, the mid-tongue not lowered.</p> -<p class="par"><b>23.</b> <i>f</i> and <i>v</i> (both labiodental) -occur in unassimilated foreign <span class="lineNum">35</span>words; -they are occasionally replaced (especially in derivatives) by <i>p</i> -and <i>b</i>. <span lang="tl">Filipínas</span> <i>the -Philippines</i>, <span lang="tl">infiyèrno, -impiyèrno</span> <a id="a137.37" name="a137.37"></a><i>Hell</i>, -<span lang="tl">fiyèsta, piyèsta</span> <i>fiesta</i>, -but always <span lang="tl">ka-piyestá-han</span> <i>day of a -festival</i>, <span lang="tl">sivìl, sibìl</span> -<i>civil</i>, <span lang="tl">provìnsiya</span> <i>province</i>, -<span lang="tl">bintánaʾ</span> <i>window</i>, <a id= -"a137.39" name="a137.39"></a><span lang="tl">báso</span> -<i>drinking-glass</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span><i>r</i> occurs freely in -all positions in foreign words (cf. § <a href="#p21">21</a>): -<a id="a137.41" name="a137.41"></a><span lang="tl">trèn</span> -<i>train</i>, <span lang="tl">trabáho</span> <i>work</i>, -<span lang="tl">krùs</span> <i>cross</i>, <span lang= -"tl">relòs</span> <i>watch</i>, <span lang= -"tl">sombréro</span> <i>hat</i>, <a id="a137.42" name= -"a137.42"></a>beside Tagalized <span lang="tl">sambalílo</span>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb138" href="#pb138" name= -"pb138">138</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">The occurrence of <i>ts</i> (§ <a href= -"#p18">18</a>) is probably limited to foreign words.</p> -<p class="par"><b>24.</b> When in word-formation a vowel is lost before -a suffix (§ <a href="#p13">13</a>), the non-syllabics thereby -brought together are subject to <a id="a138.5" name= -"a138.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>various changes: <span lang= -"tl">sigl-àn</span> <i>be filled</i>, <span lang= -"tl">silìd</span> with suffix <span lang="tl">-an</span>. See -Morphology.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.a.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="divNum">2.</span> Syllabication.</h4> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e10244"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>a.</i></span> <i>In the -word.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p25" class="par first"><b>25.</b> If a single non-syllabic -follows a stressed vowel, the latter <span class="lineNum">10</span>is -spoken with open syllable accent, and the non-syllabic begins <a id= -"a138.11" name="a138.11"></a>the following syllable: <span lang= -"tl">bá-hay</span> <i>house</i>, <span lang= -"tl">sù-sú-lat</span> <i>will write</i>.</p> -<p class="par">If a single non-syllabic follows an unstressed vowel, -the latter has close syllable accent,—that is, no stress-division -is made between the syllables (just as in English): <span lang= -"tl">itò</span> <i>this</i>, <span lang= -"tl">kasakimàn</span> <i>selfishness</i>, <span class= -"lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">sumú-lat</span> -<i>wrote</i>.</p> -<p class="par">If two non-syllabics intervene between two syllabics, -the syllable-division is made between the non-syllabics: <span lang= -"tl">luk-sò</span> <i>jump</i>, <span lang= -"tl">muk-hàʾ</span> <i>face</i>, <span lang= -"tl">In-tsèk</span> <i>Chinese</i>. Stressed <i><span lang= -"tl">ay</span></i> seems, however, to have open syllable accent: -<span lang="tl">káy-lan</span> <i>when?</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>Syllabics never follow -each other without an intervening non-syllabic. If no other -non-syllabic intervenes, a non-distinctive glottal stop is spoken. I -have not written the glottal stop in this position, as it may always be -taken for granted (§ <a href="#p14">14</a>). Hence <span lang= -"tl">daàn</span> <i>road</i> is pronounced <span lang= -"tl">daʾàn, siìk</span> <i>young pig</i> <span lang= -"tl">siʾìk, doòn</span> <i>there</i> <span class= -"lineNum">25</span><span lang="tl">doʾòn, táo</span> -<i>human being</i> <span lang="tl">táʾo</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Nor do more than two non-syllabics ever follow each -other in a native word. The following are examples of unusual -combinations <a id="a138.28" name="a138.28"></a>in foreign words: -<span lang="tl">An-drès, Pé-dro</span>, beside Tagalized -<span lang="tl">Píro, ká-tre</span> <i>bedstead</i>, -<span lang="tl">sèr-mon, trabá-ho</span> <i>work</i>, but -in reduplication <span lang="tl">mag-tà-trabá-ho</span> -<a id="a138.30" name="a138.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><i>will work</i>, <span lang="tl">krùs</span> -<i>cross</i>, but in reduplication <span lang= -"tl">nag-kú-kurùs</span> <a id="a138.31" name= -"a138.31"></a><i>crosses himself</i>, cf. <span lang= -"tl">baráso</span> <i>arm</i>, <span lang= -"tl">lóbo</span> <i>balloon</i> (Sp. <i lang= -"es">globo</i>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>26.</b> In frequently used words, especially in more -rapid speech, the intervocalic glottal stop is often lost.</p> -<p class="par">If like vowels thus meet, they coalesce into a single -vowel of <span class="lineNum">35</span>no more than normal length: -<span lang="tl">pumaròn</span> <i>went there</i> beside -<span lang="tl">pumaroòn</span>. When <i>oo</i> is thus -contracted, the resulting <i>o</i> may be raised <a id="a138.37" name= -"a138.37"></a>to <i>u</i> (cf. § <a href="#p9">9</a>): <span lang= -"tl">pinarunàn</span> <i>was gone to</i>, beside <span lang= -"tl">pinaronàn</span> and <span lang= -"tl">pinaroonàn</span>.</p> -<p class="par">If unlike vowels meet, the non-syllabic corresponding to -the <span class="lineNum">40</span>higher vowel (i. e. <i>y</i> with -<i>i</i>, <i>e</i> and <i>w</i> with <i>u</i>, <i>o</i>) takes the -place of the glottal stop. So <span lang="tl">táwo</span> beside -<span lang="tl">táo</span>. The combinations so <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb139" href="#pb139" name= -"pb139">139</a>]</span>resulting are treated in every way like those -discussed in the next §.</p> -<p id="p27" class="par"><b>27.</b> If the non-syllabic intervening -between two vowels is <i>y</i> or <i>w</i>, the combination involves no -peculiarity, provided that neither <span class="lineNum">5</span>of the -vowels is homogeneous with the non-syllabic: <span lang= -"tl">bá-yan</span> <i>town</i>, <span lang= -"tl">pag-dirí-waŋ</span> <i><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e10578" title="Source: celebation">celebration</span></i>, -<span lang="tl">gayòn</span> <i>thus</i>.</p> -<p class="par">If, however, one of the vowels is homogeneous with the -non-syllabic (i. e. <i>i</i>, <i>e</i> with <i>y</i> and <i>u</i>, -<i>o</i> with <i>w</i>) and is not stressed, it is spoken shorter than -a normal unstressed vowel: in such words <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>as <span lang="tl">iyòn</span> <i>that</i>, -<span lang="tl">buwàn</span> <i>moon</i>, <i>month</i> the -<i>i</i>, <i>u</i> are spoken shorter than in other positions. So also -in <span lang="tl">táwo</span> (see preceding §) the -<i>o</i>.</p> -<p class="par">After consonants these short vowels are often entirely -omitted: <span lang="tl">bwàn</span> beside <span lang= -"tl">buwàn, syà</span> <i>he</i>, <i>she</i> beside -<span lang="tl">siyà</span>. The syllable-division remains, -however, as in the longer form: <span lang= -"tl">kápwàʾ</span> <i>fellow</i>- beside -<span class="lineNum">15</span><span lang= -"tl">kápuwàʾ</span> is pronounced <span lang= -"tl">ká-pwàʾ</span> (not <span lang= -"tl">kap-waʾ</span>).</p> -<p class="par">Even in other positions these reduced vowels are often -omitted, especially in frequently used combinations: <span lang= -"tl">Ano yòn?</span> <i>What’s that?</i> beside -<span lang="tl">Ano iyòn?</span>, occasionally <span lang= -"tl">táw</span> for <span lang="tl">táwo, -táo</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>28.</b> Conversely, one hears now and then a -superfluous short <span class="lineNum">20</span><i>i</i>, <i>e</i> -with a <i>y</i>, and an <i>u</i>, <i>o</i> with a <i>w</i>: <span lang= -"tl">iyaòn</span> for <span lang="tl">yaòn</span> -<i>that</i>, <span lang="tl">máye</span> for <span lang= -"tl">máy</span> <i>having</i>, <span lang= -"tl">uwalàʾ</span> for <span lang= -"tl">walàʾ</span> <i>without</i>.</p> -<p id="p29" class="par"><b>29.</b> The combinations <i>ay</i> and -<i>ai</i> are occasionally replaced by a long open <i>e</i>: -<span lang="tl">kélan</span> beside <span lang= -"tl">káylan</span> <i>when?</i>, <span lang="tl">mé -báhay</span> beside <span lang="tl">máy -báhay</span> <i>wife</i>, <i>housewife</i>, <span lang="tl">me -áreʾ</span> beside <span lang="tl">may -áreʾ</span> <i>master</i>, <i>owner</i>, <span class= -"lineNum">25</span><span lang="tl">téŋa</span> beside -<span lang="tl">taíŋa</span> <i>car</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e10837"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>b.</i></span> <i>In -word-formation.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p30" class="par first"><b>30.</b> When in word-formation affixes -or reduplicative syllables are added to a root, the syllabication is as -in a simple word: <span lang="tl">sulá-tan</span> <i>be written -to</i> (<span lang="tl">súlat</span> <i>writing</i> with suffix -<span lang="tl">-an</span>), <span lang="tl">sumú-lat</span> -<span class="lineNum">30</span><i>wrote</i> (same, with infix -<span lang="tl">-um-</span>), <span lang="tl">umuwèʾ, -umwèʾ</span> (§ <a href="#p27">27</a>) <i>went -home</i> (<span lang="tl">-uwèʾ</span> <i>go home</i>, with -prefixed <span lang="tl">-um-</span>).</p> -<p class="par">When vowels meet, they are as a rule separated by the -non-distinctive intervocalic glottal stop: <span lang= -"tl">maà-á-reʾ</span> <i>will be possible</i> -(<span lang="tl">áreʾ</span> <i>property</i> reduplicated -and with prefix <span lang="tl">ma-</span>).</p> -<p id="p31" class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>31.</b> The -intervocalic glottal stop is rarely reduced, except in certain -much-used combinations, the commonest being those with the prefix -<span lang="tl">i-</span> and with the prefix <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> and the suffix <span lang="tl">-an</span> in certain -uses (see Morphology): <span lang="tl">iniútos</span> <i>was -commanded</i> (<span lang="tl">útos</span> <i>command</i> with -prefixes <span lang="tl">in-</span> and <span lang="tl">i-</span>), -usually <span lang="tl">iniyútos; laruàn</span>, -<i>toy</i> (<span lang="tl">laròʾ</span> <i>play</i>, -<span class="lineNum">40</span><i>game</i> with suffix <span lang= -"tl">-an</span>), usually <span lang="tl">laruwàn, -larwàn</span>, but (with a different <a id="a139.41" name= -"a139.41"></a>use of the suffix <span lang="tl">-an</span>) <span lang= -"tl">làrúan</span> <i>playground</i>; <span lang= -"tl">kayibígan, kaybígan</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb140" href="#pb140" name= -"pb140">140</a>]</span><i>friend</i> (<span lang= -"tl">íbig</span> <i>love</i>, <i>desire</i>, with prefix -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> and suffix <span lang="tl">-an</span>), but -<a id="a140.2" name="a140.2"></a><span lang= -"tl">kaìbígan</span> <i>sweetheart</i> and <span lang= -"tl">kaibigàn</span> <i>affection</i>. For <span lang= -"tl">-íwan</span> <i>abandon</i> <a id="a140.3" name= -"a140.3"></a>with prefix <span lang="tl">i-</span> only the contracted -form <span lang="tl">íwan</span> <i>be abandoned</i> is spoken. -Cf. further <span lang="tl">ikaápat, ikápat</span> -<i>fourth</i> (<span lang="tl">ápat</span> <i>four</i> with -prefixes <span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">i-</span> and -<span lang="tl">ka-</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>32.</b> Conversely, an original <i>y</i> or <i>w</i> -is sometimes under emphasis replaced by glottal stop; thus, for -<span lang="tl">patayìn</span> <i>be killed</i> (<span lang= -"tl">patày</span> <i>dead person</i>, <i>kill</i> with suffix -<span lang="tl">-in</span>), occasionally <span lang= -"tl">pataìn</span>.</p> -<p id="p33" class="par"><b>33.</b> When a word is doubled, when two -words are united in <span class="lineNum">10</span>a compound word, and -after the prefixes that end in <i>g</i>, the syllable-division is -however made as though separate words were meeting in a -sentence,—that is, according to the rules in the following -paragraphs.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e11144"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>c.</i></span> <i>In the -phrase.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p34" class="par first"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>34.</b> -When words come together in the phrase, the word-division is maintained -(as in English) as a syllable-division.</p> -<p class="par">In the case of initial consonants the division is thus -like that <a id="a140.18" name="a140.18"></a>within a word: <span lang= -"tl">Sumúlat ka.</span> <i>Write (thou)</i>, <span lang= -"tl">Sumúlat siyà, Sumúlat <a id="a140.19" name= -"a140.19"></a>syà.</span> <i>He wrote</i>, <span lang= -"tl">Sumáma ka.</span> <i>Go along</i>, <span lang= -"tl">Sumáma siyà, Sumáma <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>syà.</span> <i>He went along.</i></p> -<p class="par">Before a vowel-initial the word-division is maintained -as a syllable-division by the use of a non-distinctive glottal stop (as -in German): <span lang="tl">Sumúlat akò</span>. <i>I -wrote</i>, i. e. <span lang="tl">sumú-lat-ʾakò; -Sumáma akò.</span> <i>I went along</i>, i. e. <span lang= -"tl">sumá-ma-ʾakò.</span></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>Doubled words, compound -words, and forms with prefixes ending in g (namely, <span lang= -"tl">mag-, nag-, pag-, tag-</span>) are similarly treated (§ -<a href="#p33">33</a>): <span lang="tl">agàd-agàd</span> -<i>immediately</i> (<span lang="tl">agàd</span> <i>at once</i> -doubled), i. e. <span lang="tl">agàd-ʾagàd; -báhay-aklátan</span> <i>library-building</i> (compound of -<span lang="tl">báhay</span> <i>house</i> <a id="a140.29" name= -"a140.29"></a>and <span lang="tl">aklátan</span> <i>place for -books</i>), i. e. <span lang="tl">bá-hay-ʾak-lá-tan; -pagsúlat</span> <i>an <span class="lineNum">30</span>act of -writing</i> (<span lang="tl">súlat</span> <i>writing</i> with -prefix <span lang="tl">pag-</span>), i. e. <span lang= -"tl">pag-sú-lat; <a id="a140.31" name= -"a140.31"></a>nagáral</span> <i>studied</i> (<span lang= -"tl">áral</span> <i>teaching</i> with prefix <span lang= -"tl">nag-</span>), i. e. <span lang= -"tl">nag-ʾá-ral</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Occasionally, in emphatic speech, the same division is -made within other formations: <span lang="tl">umakiyàt, -umakyàt</span> <i>climbed</i> (<span lang= -"tl">-akiyàt</span> <i>climb</i> with prefixed <span lang= -"tl">-um-</span>), occasionally, but rarely, <span lang= -"tl">um-ʾakiyàt</span>, <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>usually <span lang="tl">umakiyàt, -umakyàt</span> (by § <a href="#p30">30</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>35.</b> Reduction of the glottal stop and contraction -of vowels occur only in a few much-used combinations of words: -<span lang="tl">si Andrès</span> (<span lang="tl">si</span> is -the article of proper names), also <span lang="tl">siy Andrès, -sy Andrès; Ano iyàn?</span> <i>What’s that?</i>, -also <span lang="tl">Ano yàn?</span> and even <span lang="tl">An -yàn?; na <span class="lineNum">40</span>itò</span> -<i>this</i> (<span lang="tl">na</span> is a particle expressing -attribution), also <span lang="tl">na yitò, na -ytò.</span> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb141" href="#pb141" -name="pb141">141</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par"><b>36.</b> Occasionally such reductions go even farther, -as in <span lang="tl">anò</span> in the preceding paragraph, and -occur where the glottal stop is not involved: as, <span lang= -"tl">sà</span> for <span lang="tl">isà</span> <i>one</i> -in <span lang="tl">sà m pùʾ</span> <i>ten</i>, for -<span lang="tl">isà ŋ pùʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p37" class="par"><b>37.</b> The words <span lang="tl">at, -ay</span>, and <span lang="tl">na</span> have also a shorter form, -<span lang="tl">t, y</span>, <span class="lineNum">5</span>and -<span lang="tl">ŋ</span>, respectively, which occurs only (but not -always) after a final vowel, glottal stop, or <i>n</i>. When these -forms are used, the final glottal stop or <i>n</i> is lost -(§§ <a href="#p15">15</a>, <a href="#p20">20</a>) and the -<span lang="tl">t, y</span>, or <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> is -treated in every way exactly as though it were part of the preceding -word: <span lang="tl">butò at balàt, butò t -balàt</span> <i>bone and skin</i>, i. e. <span lang= -"tl">butòt-balàt; Iyòn <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>ay mabúti, Iyò y mabúti.</span> -<i>That’s good</i>, i. e. <span lang= -"tl">iyòy-mabú-ti; aŋ bátaʾ na -mabaìt</span> (clumsy, as in the speech of a child just learning -to speak, for:) <span lang="tl">aŋ báta ŋ -mabaìt</span> <i>the good child</i>, i. e. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ-bá-taŋ-mabaʾìt</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.a.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="divNum">3.</span> Accentuation.</h4> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e11518"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="lineNum">15</span><span class= -"divNum"><i>a.</i></span> <i>Word-accent.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>38.</b> In a word of more than one syllable at -least one syllable is normally spoken with a greater degree of stress -than the others.</p> -<p class="par">The unstressed syllables have short vowels (about as -long as the vowel in English <i>pit</i> or <i>put</i>) and close -syllable-stress (§ <a href="#p25">25</a>).</p> -<p id="p39" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>39.</b> A -non-final syllable ending in a non-syllabic (i. e. a closed non-final -syllable) never has the stress; such words as <span lang= -"tl">luk-sò</span> <i>jump</i>, <span lang= -"tl">muk-hàʾ</span> <i>face</i>, <span lang= -"tl">ak-làt</span> <i>book</i> are therefore always oxytone. The -only exceptions are syllables ending in <i>ay</i>; this combination -seems to be felt as a unit capable of open syllable-stress: <span lang= -"tl">káy-lan, <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>ké-lan</span> <i>when</i>; further, the words -<span lang="tl">mín-san</span> <i>once</i>, <span lang= -"tl">pín-san</span> <i>cousin</i>, and <span lang= -"tl">nàn-don</span>, by-form of <span lang= -"tl">ná-roòn</span> <i>is there</i>; and, finally, -unassimilated <a id="a141.27" name="a141.27"></a>foreign words: -<span lang="tl">bès-bol, sèr-mon, kwàr-ta, -kwàl-ta</span> <i>money</i> (Spanish <i lang="es">cuarto</i>), -but also Tagalized <span lang="tl">kwaltà</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Words like <span lang= -"tl">ká-pwàʾ</span> (beside <span lang= -"tl">ká-puwàʾ</span>) are not exceptions, for -<span class="lineNum">30</span>the first syllable is not closed (§ -<a href="#p27">27</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>40.</b> The stressed syllables fall into two -grammatical classes which are only in part phonetically distinct; we -may call them <i>primary</i> and <i>secondary</i> word-accent.</p> -<p id="p41" class="par"><b>41.</b> The <i>primary</i> word-accent on a -final syllable or (in the <span class="lineNum">35</span>cases -mentioned in § <a href="#p39">39</a>) on a closed non-final -syllable, consists merely in greater stress than that of an unaccented -syllable, accompanied by a pitch-rise of about half a note.<a class= -"noteref" id="xd21e11686src" href="#xd21e11686" name= -"xd21e11686src">1</a> I use the grave <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb142" href="#pb142" name="pb142">142</a>]</span>accent-sign: -<span lang="tl">gabì</span> <i>night</i>, <span lang= -"tl">hindìʾ</span> <i>not</i>, <span lang= -"tl">kamày</span> <i>hand</i>, <span lang= -"tl">buhòk</span> <i>hair</i>, <span lang= -"tl">nàndon</span> <i>is there</i>, <span lang= -"tl">sèrmon</span> <i>sermon</i>.</p> -<p id="p42" class="par"><b>42.</b> On a non-final open syllable the -primary word-accent involves an increase of stress (less than in -English), a pitch-rise <span class="lineNum">5</span>of two notes, -lengthening of the vowel to about one and one-half times the duration -of an unstressed vowel, and open syllable-stress (§ <a href= -"#p25">25</a>). I use the acute accent-mark: <span lang= -"tl">báhay</span> <i>house</i>, <span lang= -"tl">báyan</span> <i>town</i>.</p> -<p class="par">So also, irregularly, syllables in <i>ay</i>: -<span lang="tl">káylan, kélan</span> <i>when?</i>, and -even finally: <span lang="tl">káy, ké</span> <i>than</i>, -<span lang="tl">máy, mé</span> <i>having</i>; also -<span lang="tl">mínsan, pínsan</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>If an unaccented syllable -precedes, the pitch-rise really begins on the latter: in <span lang= -"tl">sumúlat</span> <i>wrote</i>, for instance, the first -syllable is spoken above the usual pitch, and the two-note pitch-rise -is merely completed in the accented syllable.</p> -<p class="par"><b>43.</b> The <i>secondary</i> word-accent on a final -syllable has weaker <span class="lineNum">15</span>stress than the -primary accent in the same place, and ordinarily lacks the pitch-rise. -Grammatically, it is recognizable by the presence of the primary accent -on another syllable; I use the grave accent-mark: <span lang= -"tl">áakiyàt, áakyàt</span> <i>will -climb</i>, <span lang="tl">nárinìg</span> <i>was -heard</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>44.</b> On a non-final open syllable the secondary -accent differs <span class="lineNum">20</span>from the primary accent -in similar position in two respects: its pitch-rise is less marked, -varying from three-quarters to one and three-quarters notes, and its -vowel-lengthening is greater, reaching twice the length of an -unstressed vowel. I use the grave accent-mark: <span lang= -"tl">sùsúlat</span> <i>will write</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>When the primary accent -is on the last syllable and therefore weak (§ <a href= -"#p41">41</a>), the secondary accent often approaches a non-final -primary accent in character: the first syllable of a word like -<span lang="tl">nàbuksàn</span> <i>came open</i> is often -phonetically the same as that of a word like <span lang= -"tl">nárinìg</span> <i>was heard</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>If an unaccented syllable -precedes the secondary accent, the pitch-rise really begins in the -former: in such a word as <span lang= -"tl">sumùsúlat</span> <i>is writing</i> the first -syllable is spoken with higher than normal pitch, in the second -syllable the pitch is brought up to a note and three-fourths above -normal, and in the third the two-note rise is <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>completed.</p> -<p class="par">Of two secondary accents following each other the -preceding is the more marked: <span lang= -"tl">nàràramdamàn</span> <i>is felt</i> -(<span lang="tl">nà-</span> has more marked accent than -<span lang="tl">rà-</span>). This helps to make the primary -accent distinct, for it is stronger than a preceding secondary accent: -<span lang="tl">sùsúlat</span> <i>will <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>write</i> (the second <span lang="tl">su-</span> is -stronger, not weaker, than the first); <span lang= -"tl">nàlàláman</span> <i>is known</i> (if the -third syllable had a secondary accent, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb143" href="#pb143" name="pb143">143</a>]</span>it would be less -marked than the first and second, but its pitch and stress are actually -higher).</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e11968"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>b.</i></span> -<i>Sentence-accent.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p45" class="par first"><b>45.</b> Certain words are -<i>atonic</i>, i. e. are always spoken unstressed <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>in the phrase: e. g. <span lang="tl">aŋ -áso</span> <i>the</i> or <i>a dog</i>, <span lang="tl">sa -ákin</span> <i>to me</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The atonic words are: <span lang="tl">aŋ, at, ay, -kay</span> <i>to</i> (not <span lang="tl">káy, ké</span> -<i>than</i>), <span lang="tl">kuŋ, na</span> <i>attributive</i> -(not <span lang="tl">nà</span> <i>already</i>), <span lang= -"tl">naŋ, ni</span> <i>of</i> (not <span lang= -"tl">nì</span> <i>nor</i>), <span lang="tl">o</span> <i>or</i> -(not <span lang="tl">ò</span> <i>oh</i>), <span lang="tl">pag, -sa, si</span>.</p> -<p class="par">The short variants of <span lang="tl">at, ay</span>, and -<span lang="tl">na</span>, namely <span lang="tl">t, y</span>, and -<span lang="tl">ŋ</span> <span class="lineNum">10</span>(§ -<a href="#p37">37</a>), having no vowel, cannot be stressed; they are -treated in every way as though they formed part of the preceding -word.</p> -<p id="p46" class="par"><b>46.</b> In closely united phrases the last -word keeps its accent, while the preceding ones often weaken theirs. -Especially a final syllable often loses its accent before another word -in the phrase:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a143.15" name="a143.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">dáhil díto</span> -<i>on account of this</i>, often: <span lang="tl">dahil -díto</span>,</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a143.16" name="a143.16"></a><span lang= -"tl">aŋ maŋà báhay</span> <i>the houses</i>, -often: <span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa báhay</span>,</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">aŋ kanyà ŋ -báhay</span> <i>his</i> or <i>her house</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ kanya ŋ báhay</span>,</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">aŋ malakì ŋ -báhay</span> <i>the large house</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -malaki ŋ báhay</span>.</p> -<p id="p47" class="par"><b>47.</b> Opposed to the preceding rule is the -treatment of certain <span class="lineNum">20</span>words which we may -call <i>enclitics</i>. These very frequently, to be sure, receive the -normal treatment: that is, they are stressed and the preceding word -either keeps its stress or, if oxytone, often loses it; but frequently, -instead, the enclitic loses its accent:</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Umakyàt siyà, Umakyat -syà</span>. <i>He climbed</i>, but also <span lang= -"tl">Umakyàt <span class="lineNum">25</span>sya</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Áakyàt siyà, -Áakyat syà</span>. <i>He will climb</i>, but also -<span lang="tl">Áakyàt sya</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Gánu ka na bà -kakínis?</span> <i>How clever are you now?</i> (<span lang= -"tl">kà, nà, bà</span> are all enclitic).</p> -<p class="par">Enclitics have the further (and more easily recognized) -peculiarity <span class="lineNum">30</span>that they follow the first -orthotonic (i. e. neither atonic nor pretonic, § <a href= -"#p48">48</a>) word of the expression to which they belong (either as -modifiers or as subject):</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">aŋ mahahába nya ŋ -paà</span> <i>his</i> (<span lang="tl">niyà</span>, -enclitic) <i>long legs</i>.</p> -<p class="par">When several enclitics come together the last one is -often <span class="lineNum">35</span>stressed. Monosyllabic enclitics -precede disyllabic:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a143.36" name="a143.36"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nahánap na nyà aŋ sombréro</span>. <i>He -has already looked for the hat.</i> (<span lang="tl">nà</span> -and <span lang="tl">niyà</span> are enclitics; the latter is -treated as disyllabic even when in the contracted form <span lang= -"tl">nyà</span>).</p> -<p class="par">The enclitics are:</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>(1) always: the -monosyllabic forms of the personal pronouns, namely <span lang= -"tl">kà, kò, mò</span>, and the words (particles) -<span lang="tl">bà, bagà, dàw, dìn, -màn, múna, nà, namàn, <span class="corr" -id="xd21e12281" title= -"Source: nawà,ʾ">nawàʾ</span>, -ŋàʾ, pà, palà, pòʾ, -sána, tulòy</span>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb144" -href="#pb144" name="pb144">144</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">(2) frequently or in certain senses: the disyllabic -forms of the personal pronouns (including <span lang="tl">siyà, -syà</span> and <span lang="tl">niyà, nyà</span>) -except <span lang="tl">ikàw</span> (which is never enclitic), -the demonstrative pronouns, and the words <span lang="tl">díne, -díto, diyàn, doòn, kayàʾ, -lámaŋ, ulèʾ</span>; occasionally <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>short phrases (§ <a href="#p88">88</a>).</p> -<p class="par">For details about these words see Syntax.</p> -<p id="p48" class="par"><b>48.</b> Opposed to the rule in § -<a href="#p46">46</a> are also certain words (particles) which we may -call <i>pretonics</i>. Their treatment is often regular: that is, the -pretonic as well as the following word keeps <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>its accent, or the pretonic loses its accent before -a following word; but sometimes the pretonic keeps its accent and the -following word, if oxytone, is unaccented:</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">máy sakìt, may -sakìt</span> <i>having sickness</i>, i. e. <i>sick</i>, but also -<span lang="tl">máy sakit</span>. Only <span lang= -"tl">máy</span> and <span lang="tl">nása</span> actually -appear with this accentuation.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>The other pretonics are -so classed because they share with these two words the peculiarity that -an enclitic belonging to the phrase follows not the pretonic word, but -the first orthotonic word:</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Máy katawàn sya ŋ -pára ŋ táo</span>. <i>He has a body like a human -<span class="lineNum">20</span>being.</i> (<span lang= -"tl">siyà</span> <i>he</i>, enclitic follows not <span lang= -"tl">máy</span>, which is pretonic, but <span lang= -"tl">katawàn</span> <i>body</i>, the first orthotonic word of -the predicate).</p> -<p class="par">The pretonics are the particles <span lang= -"tl">báwat, káhit<span class="corr" id="xd21e12410" -title="Source: .">,</span> kapàg<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e12413" title="Source: .">,</span> kinà, <a id="a144.23" -name="a144.23"></a>maŋà, máy, -nagìŋ</span> (together with its other forms, § -<a href="#p250">250</a>), <span lang="tl">nása</span> (together -with its other forms, § <a href="#p212">212</a>), <span lang= -"tl">nì</span> <i>nor</i> (not <span lang="tl">ni</span> -<i>of</i>), <span lang="tl">ninà, <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>pagkà, sinà, tagà -(tigà)</span>. See Syntax.</p> -<p id="p49" class="par"><b>49.</b> A final syllable ending in glottal -stop (§ <a href="#p14">14</a>) often receives a higher degree of -stress than a corresponding syllable with a different final.</p> -<p class="par">If the syllable ending in glottal stop has not the -word-accent, <span class="lineNum">30</span>it often receives an accent -resembling the secondary accent on a non-final syllable; this is -especially common if the glottal stop is lost before another word in -the phrase: <span lang="tl">páreʾ, -párèʾ</span> <i>priest</i>, <span lang= -"tl">Párì Hwàn</span> <i>Father Juan</i>.</p> -<p class="par">If the syllable has a word-accent and the glottal stop -is lost <span class="lineNum">35</span>in the phrase, its accent is -often spoken like a primary word-accent on an open syllable: -<span lang="tl">Walá sya</span>. <i>He has none</i> (<span lang= -"tl">walàʾ</span>), <span lang="tl">Naglálarú -sya</span>. <i>He is playing</i> (<span lang= -"tl">naglálaròʾ</span>).</p> -<p class="par">If, however, the glottal stop is lost before <span lang= -"tl">t, y</span>, or <span lang="tl">ŋ</span><span class="corr" -id="xd21e12526" title="Source: .">,</span> this heightening of accent -does not take place, since the syllable is then <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>treated as ending in <span lang="tl">t, y</span>, or -<span lang="tl">ŋ</span>: <span lang="tl">Syà y walà -ŋ aklàt</span> (i. e. <span lang= -"tl">walàŋ-ʾak-làt</span>), <span lang="tl">Sya -y wala ŋ aklàt</span>. <i>He has no book</i> or <i>no -books</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>50.</b> In a succession of otherwise unstressed -syllables a rhythmical <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb145" href= -"#pb145" name="pb145">145</a>]</span>movement is usually produced by -means of grammatically insignificant stresses weaker than a secondary -word-accent; the distribution, and, indeed, the occurrence of these is -so variable that I have not tried to indicate them in transcription, -especially <span class="lineNum">5</span>as they are never distinctive. -Thus, in the phrases in § <a href="#p46">46</a> an accent of this -kind may fall on the next-to-last syllables of the words that lose -their normal word-accent: <span lang="tl">aŋ màŋa -báhay, aŋ kànya ŋ amà</span> <i>his -father</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ malàki ŋ -báhay</span>.</p> -<p id="p51" class="par"><b>51.</b> The successive accents in a sentence -bear a well-marked <span class="lineNum">10</span>relation to each -other: the early and especially the middle ones have higher absolute -pitch than the last; an accent on the last syllable of a sentence often -entirely loses its pitch-rise. As a consequence of this rather fixed -melody, the differences of pitch-movement between statements, -questions, commands, and exclamations <span class="lineNum">15</span>of -various kinds are not so marked as in English; the higher stress of -emotionally dominant (emphatic) words, also, is less marked than in -English.</p> -<p class="par">In exclamation or under emphasis the accent of a final -syllable may be like that of a medial syllable, and may, in addition -<span class="lineNum">20</span>take on a falling accent after the rise: -<span lang="tl">Hwán!</span> (with rising-falling stress and -pitch) <i>Juan!</i>, for normal <span lang="tl">Huwàn, -Hwàn</span>. Other disturbances of accent also occur in -exclamation. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb146" href="#pb146" name= -"pb146">146</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="ch2.b" class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd21e340">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">B.</span> SYNTAX.</h3> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.b.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="divNum">1.</span> Sentence and word.</h4> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.1.a"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>a.</i></span> <i>Syntactic -relations.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>52.</b> The sentence consists of one or more -words: <span lang="tl">Aráy!</span> <a id="a146.5" name= -"a146.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span><i>Ouch!</i> <span lang= -"tl">Umúulàn.</span> <i>It’s raining.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ina kò!</span> <i>Mother of mine!</i> (as -exclamation). <span lang="tl">Sya y sumùsúlat</span>. -<i>He</i> or <i>she is</i> or <i>was writing</i>.</p> -<p id="p53" class="par"><b>53.</b> The relations between the words in a -sentence are the usual ones: (1) Attribution: <span lang="tl">Ina -kò!</span> <i>Mother (of) mine!</i> (2) Predication: <span lang= -"tl">Sumùsúlat syà</span>. Literally: -<i>Is-writing he</i>. (3) The <span class="lineNum">10</span>serial -relation: <span lang="tl">butò t balàt</span> <i>bone and -skin</i>.</p> -<p id="p54" class="par"><b>54.</b> Some of the particles (§ -<a href="#p55">55</a>)<a id="xd21e12750" name="xd21e12750"></a> seem, -however, to stand in none of these relations, but rather to express -these relations themselves. Thus the particle <span lang="tl">t</span> -<i>and</i> in the preceding example is expressive of the serial -relation. So further: <span lang="tl">malakì ŋ -báhay</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>large house</i>; -the particle <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> expresses the attributive -relation; <span lang="tl">Sya y sumùsúlat</span>. The -particle <span lang="tl">y</span> expresses the predicative -relation.</p> -<p class="par">It is to be remarked, further, that the sphere of -attribution includes some cases in which the attribute markedly alters -the sense: <span lang="tl">sakìt</span> <i>sickness</i>: -<span lang="tl">máy sakìt</span> (<span lang= -"tl">máy</span> is an attribute) <i>having <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>sickness</i>, <i>sick</i>.<a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e12816src" href="#xd21e12816" name="xd21e12816src">2</a></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.1.b"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>b.</i></span> <i>Parts of -speech.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p55" class="par first"><b>55.</b> Tagalog distinguishes two -parts of speech: <i>full words</i> and <i>particles</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The <i>particles</i> either express the syntactic -relations between <span class="lineNum">25</span>full words (as -illustrated in § <a href="#p54">54</a>) or act as attributes of -full words (so <span lang="tl">máy</span> in the example in -§ <a href="#p54">54</a>): <span lang="tl">Hindí sya -sumùsúlat</span>. <i>He is not writing.</i> The particle -<span lang="tl">hindìʾ</span> <i>not</i> is an attribute of -<span lang="tl">sumùsúlat</span>.</p> -<p class="par">In contrast with the particles, <i>full words</i> act -not only as attributes, but also as subject or predicate, and any full -word may, <span class="lineNum">30</span>in principle, be used in any -of these three functions:</p> -<p class="par">(1) Subject: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -sumùsúlat ay si Pédro.</span> <i>The person -writing <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb147" href="#pb147" name= -"pb147">147</a>]</span><a id="a147.1" name="a147.1"></a>is Pedro.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pulà naŋ panyò ay -matiŋkàd.</span> <i>The red of the handkerchief is -intense.</i></p> -<p class="par">(2) Predicate: <span lang="tl">Sya y -sumùsúlat.</span> <i>He is writing.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pulà aŋ panyo ŋ itò.</span> <i>This -handkerchief is red.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>(3) Attribute: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ báta ŋ sumùsúlat</span> <i>the -writing child</i>, <i>the child who is writing</i>; <span lang= -"tl">aŋ pulà ŋ panyò</span> <i>the red -handkerchief</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>56.</b> Independent of this classification into parts -of speech are certain less important groupings of words and certain -phrase types, some of which will appear in the course of the analysis. -<span class="lineNum">10</span>Others, however, demand mention at the -outset.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.1.c"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>c.</i></span> <i>Static and -transient words.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>57.</b> <i>Transient</i> words express an -element of experience viewed as impermanent, i. e. belonging to some -limited portion of time, so <span lang= -"tl">sumùsúlat</span> above, as opposed, e. g., to -<span lang="tl">siyà, pulà, panyò, -bátaʾ, <span class="lineNum">15</span>Pédro</span>. -Words which are not transient may be called <i>static</i>. Only a few -particles are transient; among the full words the transient group is -large and important.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.1.d"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>d.</i></span> <i>Personal -names.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p58" class="par first"><b>58.</b> Except in exclamations and in -address, <i>names of persons</i> <span class="lineNum">20</span>(or -animals) are distinguished from other words by being always (but see -§ <a href="#p78">78</a>) preceded by the atonic particle -<span lang="tl">si</span>: <span lang="tl">Hwàn!</span> <a id= -"a147.22" name="a147.22"></a><i>Juan!</i> <span lang="tl">si -Hwàn</span> <i>Juan</i>, <span lang="tl">si -Salamìn</span> <i>Glass</i>, <i>Mirror</i> (as name of a -dog).</p> -<p id="p59" class="par"><b>59.</b> Many terms of relationship and -titles may be used in place of the name of an individual and then -belong to the personal <span class="lineNum">25</span>name class: -<span lang="tl">aŋ amà</span> <i>the father</i>, -<span lang="tl">aŋ áki <span class="corr" id="xd21e13078" -title="Source: n">ŋ</span> amà</span> <i>my father</i>, -but: <span lang="tl">si Amà</span> <i>Father</i>. Thus are used, -further: <span lang="tl">si Inà</span> <i>Mother</i>, -<span lang="tl">si Tátay</span> <i>Papa</i>, <span lang="tl">si -Nánay</span> <i>Mama</i>, <span lang="tl">si Kúya</span> -or <span lang="tl">si Kúyaŋ</span> <i>Oldest brother</i>, -<span lang="tl">si Atè</span> <i>Oldest sister</i>, <span lang= -"tl">si Iŋkòŋ</span> <i>Grandfather</i>, <span lang= -"tl">si Indàʾ</span> or <span lang="tl">si -Impò</span> <i>Grandmother</i>, <span lang="tl">si -Áli</span> or <span lang="tl">si Tiyà</span> <i>Aunt</i>, -<span lang="tl">si Mámaʾ</span> <i>Uncle</i>; <span lang= -"tl">si Bathálaʾ</span> <i>God</i>, but: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ <span class="lineNum">30</span>Dyòs</span>.</p> -<p class="par">So also phrases in which these and other titles as -attributes precede a name, see § <a href="#p256">256</a>.</p> -<p id="p60" class="par"><b>60.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">sinà</span> or <span lang="tl">silà</span>, -pretonic, in place of <span lang="tl">si</span> forms an expression -denoting the person named together with his family <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>or group of adherents: <span lang="tl">sina -Hwàn</span> or <span lang="tl">sila Hwàn</span> <i>Juan -and his family</i> or <i>Juan and his crowd</i>. With a series of names -<span lang="tl">sinà</span> implies that those named form a -group: <span lang="tl">si Hwàn, si Andrès, at si -Mariyáno</span> <i>Juan, Andrés, and Mariano</i>; -<span lang="tl">sina Hwàn, Andrès, at -Mariyáno</span> <i>the group consisting of Juan, Andrés, -and Mariano</i>; <span lang="tl">sina Hwàn, sina <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb148" href="#pb148" name= -"pb148">148</a>]</span>Andrès, at sina Mariyáno</span> -<i>Juan, Andrés, and Mariano, each with his group</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.1.e"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>e.</i></span> <i>The object -construction.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p61" class="par first"><b>61.</b> When a word or phrase denotes -an element of experience <span class="lineNum">5</span>viewed as an -<i>object</i>, it is, with certain exceptions, preceded by the atonic -particle <span lang="tl">aŋ</span>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -bátaʾ</span> <i>the</i> or <i>a child</i>, <i>boy</i>, -<i>girl</i>; <i>children</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -báhay</span> <i>the, a house</i>; <i>houses</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ báyan</span> <i>the, a town</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ kabàítan</span> <i>goodness</i>, -<i>kindness</i>; <i>an act of kindness</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -kataúhan</span> <i>mankind</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -pagsúlat</span> <i>the</i> or <i>an act of writing</i>, -<span lang="tl">aŋ mabúte</span> <i>that which <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>is good</i>, <i>the best thing</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The following are the exceptions:</p> -<p id="p62" class="par"><b>62.</b> Personal names preceded by -<span lang="tl">si</span> or <span lang="tl">sinà</span> -(<span lang="tl">silà</span>) do not take <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span>; they always, of course, denote an object idea. See -the examples in § <a href="#p58">58</a> ff.</p> -<p id="p63" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>63.</b> The -<i>personal pronouns</i> (which always express an object idea) do not -take <span lang="tl">aŋ</span>. They are: <span lang= -"tl">akò</span> <i>I</i>; <span lang="tl">kità</span> -<i>we</i>, i. e. <i>thou and I</i>, inclusive dual; <span lang= -"tl">táyo</span> <i>we</i>, i. e. <i>thou</i> (or <i>ye</i>) -<i>and I</i> (or <i>we</i>), inclusive dual and plural; <span lang= -"tl">kamì</span> <i>we</i> (<i>but not you</i>), exclusive dual -and plural; <span lang="tl">ikàw, kà</span> <i>thou</i> -(singular); <span lang="tl">kayò</span> <i>ye, you</i> (dual, -plural, and <span class="lineNum">20</span>polite singular); -<span lang="tl">siyà</span> <i>he</i>, <i>she</i>; <span lang= -"tl">silà</span> <i>they</i>.</p> -<p class="par">All of these except <span lang="tl">ikàw</span> -are often enclitic; <span lang="tl">kà</span> is always so: -<a id="a148.22" name="a148.22"></a><span lang="tl">Ikàw ay -talúnan</span>. <i>You are defeated.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sumúlat ka</span>. <i>Write (thou).</i></p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Siyà</span> is used only of -living beings, except for a single peculiar construction to be -described below (§ <a href="#p106">106</a> f.).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">Kità</span> in the sense here given is not much used, -<span lang="tl">táyo</span> being commoner: <a id="a148.26" -name="a148.26"></a><span lang="tl">Palìt kità naŋ -sombréro.</span> <i>Let’s trade hats.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Kità ay pumaroòn <a id="a148.27" name= -"a148.27"></a>sa teyátro.</span> Or, more commonly: <span lang= -"tl">Táyo ay pumaroòn sa teyátro.</span> <i>Let us -go to the theatre.</i> <span lang="tl">Kità</span> is more used -in another meaning, as we shall see (§ <a href= -"#p182">182</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><span lang= -"tl">Kamì</span> differs from these two words in excluding the -person <a id="a148.31" name="a148.31"></a>or persons addressed: -<span lang="tl">Kàkáin táyo.</span> <i>We shall -eat.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakitúluy kamì kina -Pédro.</span> <i>We asked hospitality of Pedro’s.</i> In -both of these sentences (as also in that with <span lang= -"tl">táyo</span> already given) two or more people may be meant. -It will be seen, therefore, that the <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>distinction between dual and plural is not categoric -(obligatory).</p> -<p class="par">That between singular and plural is categoric in these -pronouns; everywhere else it is not obligatory; the idea of plurality -is inherent in many words and forms, but these are used only where the -idea of plurality is explicitly prominent.</p> -<p id="p64" class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span><b>64.</b> The -<i>demonstrative pronouns</i> as object expressions also reject -<span lang="tl">aŋ</span>. They are: <span lang= -"tl">irè</span> <i>this</i> (on the person of the speaker or -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb149" href="#pb149" name= -"pb149">149</a>]</span>within his immediate reach); <span lang= -"tl">itò</span> <i>this</i> (more generally, of anything nearer -to the speaker than to the person addressed); <span lang= -"tl">iyàn, yàn</span> <i>that</i> (nearer to the person -addressed); <span lang="tl">iyòn, yaòn, yoòn, -yòn</span> <i>that</i> (of things distant from both speaker and -person addressed).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang= -"tl">Itò</span> and <span lang="tl">iyòn</span> are used -also anaphorically: <i>the former</i>—<i>the latter.</i></p> -<p class="par">The demonstrative pronouns are often enclitic.</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Aŋ</span> is omitted also before an -object expression in which a demonstrative pronoun stands first as a -modifier, see § <a href="#p130">130</a>.</p> -<p id="p65" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>65.</b> -Similarly before object expressions in which an interrogative pronoun -stands first as a modifier, see §§ <a href= -"#p131">131</a>.<a href="#p168">168</a>.</p> -<p id="p66" class="par"><b>66.</b> The use of <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span> is optional before the <i>numerative pronouns</i>. -The use of <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> seems sometimes to lend these -greater definiteness, sometimes to be indifferent.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>The numerative pronouns -used as object expressions are: <span lang="tl">ibà</span> -<i>other</i>, <span lang="tl">ilàn</span> <i>few</i>, -<span lang="tl">karamíhan</span> <i>most</i>, <span lang= -"tl">lahàt</span> <i>all</i>. (The other numerative pronouns, -namely <span lang="tl">boòʾ</span> <i>whole</i> and the -particles <span lang="tl">bála</span> <i>any</i> and <span lang= -"tl">báwat</span> <i>every</i> are not used as object -expressions).</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">ibà</span> <i>others</i>; -<span lang="tl">ilàn</span> <i>a few</i>; <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ilàn ay malalakàs at aŋ ibà ay -<a id="a149.20" name="a149.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>mahihínaʾ</span>. <i>Some are strong and -others are weak.</i> <span lang="tl">Lahàt naŋ táo -sa báya ŋ itò ay dápat umalìs.</span> -<i>All people (who are) in this town ought to leave</i> (<span lang= -"tl">naŋ táo</span> <i>of people</i>, <i>of the people</i> -is an attribute of <span lang="tl">lahàt</span>). <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ lahàt naŋ táo sa báya ŋ -itò ay máy sakìt.</span> <i>All the people in this -town are diseased.</i> <span lang="tl">karamíhan sa -kanilà</span> <span class="lineNum">25</span><i>most of -them</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ karamíhan</span> <i>the -majority</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The use of <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> is optional -also before object expressions in which a numerative pronoun stands -first as an attribute, see § <a href="#p132">132</a>.</p> -<p id="p67" class="par"><b>67.</b> The use of <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span> is optional before the <i>cardinal numerals</i>: -<span lang="tl">isà sa kanilà</span>, or: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ isà sa kanilà</span> <i>one of them</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>The simple cardinal -numerals are: <span lang="tl">isà</span> <i>one</i>, <span lang= -"tl">dalawà</span> <i>two</i>, <span lang= -"tl">tatlò</span> <i>three</i>, <span lang= -"tl">ápat</span> <i>four</i>, <span lang="tl">limà</span> -<i>five</i>, <span lang="tl">ánim</span> <i>six</i>, <span lang= -"tl">pitò</span> <i>seven</i>, <span lang= -"tl">walò</span> <i>eight</i>, <span lang= -"tl">siyàm</span>, <span lang="tl">syàm</span> -<i>nine</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Similarly, the use of <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> is -optional before an object expression in which a cardinal numeral stands -first as a modifier, see <span class="lineNum">35</span>§ <a href= -"#p133">133</a>.</p> -<p class="par">In dates and for the hours of the day the Spanish -numerals are commonly used; these demand <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -abéynte-kwátru naŋ Húnyo</span> <i>the -twenty-fourth of June</i>.</p> -<p id="p68" class="par"><b>68.</b> <span lang="tl">Aŋ</span> is -omitted, further, before object expressions beginning <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>with the particle <span lang="tl">nì</span> -(§ <a href="#p253">253</a>) and optionally before those beginning -with the particle <span lang="tl">káhit</span> (§ <a href= -"#p248">248</a>). All object expressions lack <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span> when forming an indefinite object predicate (§ -<a href="#p109">109</a>), in <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb150" href= -"#pb150" name="pb150">150</a>]</span>expressions of indefinite quantity -(§ <a href="#p69">69</a>), when used indefinitely after -<span lang="tl">pára</span> (§ <a href="#p275">275</a>), -<span lang="tl">haŋgàŋ</span> (§ <a href= -"#p293">293</a>), <span lang="tl">patì</span> (§ <a href= -"#p305">305</a>), and in exclamation or address (§§ <a href= -"#p75">75</a>.78).<a class="noteref" id="xd21e14044src" href= -"#xd21e14044" name="xd21e14044src">3</a></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.1.f"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>f.</i></span> <i>Expressions -of indefinite quantity.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p69" class="par first"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>69.</b> -Object expressions are used (without <span lang="tl">aŋ</span>, -§ <a href="#p68">68</a>) to express indefinite objects (roughly -speaking such as would lack the article <i>the</i> in English) or -indefinite quantities of objects, when preceded by certain modifiers. -These modifiers are the pretonic particle <span lang= -"tl">máy</span>, expressing existence or forthcomingness (§ -<a href="#p252">252</a>), and <span class="lineNum">10</span>the full -words <span lang="tl">máy-roòn</span>, equivalent with -<span lang="tl">máy; walàʾ</span> the negative of -these; <span lang="tl">malakì</span> <i>great</i>; <span lang= -"tl">maláon</span> <i>long</i>; <span lang= -"tl">marámi</span> <i>much</i>, <i>many</i> (§ <a href= -"#p138">138</a>). The phrases so formed may be described as -<i>expressions of indefinite quantity</i>. Beside the omission of -<span lang="tl">aŋ</span> before the object expression, they have -the peculiarity that in certain constructions <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>they express (without further accompaniments) the -<i>possessor</i> of that designated: <span lang="tl">may -súŋay</span> <i>there are horns</i> or <i>having horns</i>, -<i>horned</i>; <span lang="tl">máy-roo ŋ -aklàt</span> <i>there are books</i> or <i>having a book, -books</i>; <span lang="tl">wala ŋ aklàt</span> <i>there are -no books</i> or <i>without a book</i>, <i>having no books</i>; -<span lang="tl">malakì ŋ kagamitàn</span> <i>great -usefulness</i>, <i>there is great use</i>, or <i>having <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>great usefulness</i>; <span lang="tl">maláo -ŋ panahòn</span> <i>long time</i> or <i>taking a long -time</i>; <span lang="tl">marámi ŋ -salapèʾ</span> <i>much money</i>, <i>there is much -money</i> or <i>having much money</i>; <span lang="tl">marámi -ŋ kaybígan</span> <i>many friends</i>, <i>there are many -friends</i> or <i>having many friends</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Máy</span> expresses also -approximateness (where the object expression <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>is one of number): <span lang="tl">may ápat -na pu ŋ paà</span> <i>about forty feet</i> or <i>having, -measuring about forty feet</i>.</p> -<p id="p70" class="par"><b>70.</b> An expression of indefinite quantity -may, as a unit, stand in object construction; in this case the first -three have possessive value, but not the others: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ máy sakìt</span> <i>the</i> or <i>a person -having <span class="lineNum">30</span>sickness</i>, <i>the</i> or <i>a -sick person</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ máy-roo ŋ -aklàt</span> <i>the (a) person who has a book or books</i>; -<span lang="tl">aŋ wala ŋ hiyàʾ</span> <i>the (a) -shameless person</i>; but: <span lang="tl">aŋ malakì ŋ -báhay</span> <i>the, a large house</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -marámi ŋ bágay</span> <i>the many things</i>.</p> -<p id="p71" class="par"><b>71.</b> <span lang="tl">Marámi</span> -may by itself stand in object construction; it <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>then has the meaning: <span lang="tl">aŋ -marámi</span> <i>the many</i>, <i>the crowd</i>, <i>the -people</i>, <i>hoi polloi</i>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb151" -href="#pb151" name="pb151">151</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.b.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="divNum">2.</span> Subject and -predicate.</h4> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>72.</b> Most sentences consist of a subject and -a predicate, showing the construction of <span lang= -"tl">Sumùsúlat syà, Sya y -sumùsúlat</span> (§§ <a href= -"#p53">53</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e14387" title= -"Source: .">,</span> <a href="#p54">54</a>). Indeed, this goes farther -than in English; many commands, <span class="lineNum">5</span>for -instance, have the subject-and-predicate structure: <span lang= -"tl">Sumúlat ka</span>. <i>Write thou</i>, i. e. -<i>Write</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Nevertheless, much of the syntax is determined by the -use of constructions which lack subject-and-predicate structure.</p> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.2.a"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>a.</i></span> -<i>Non-predicative sentences.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>73.</b> The -sentences which lack subject-and-predicate structure are of two general -types: (1) <i>exclamatory</i>, and (2) <i>impersonal-anaphoric</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>74.</b> To the exclamatory type belongs the use in -independent <a id="a151.14" name="a151.14"></a>sentences of certain -particles, the <i>primary interjections</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Abà!</span> <a id="a151.15" name="a151.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span><i>Ah!</i> <span lang="tl">Aráy!</span> -<i>Ouch!</i> <span lang="tl">Ó!</span> <i>Oh!</i></p> -<p class="par">As in other languages, some of these violate the normal -phonetic structure, that is, are “inarticulate”: -<span lang="tl">Sss!</span> <i>Whew!</i>, uttered when the weather is -very hot. One <i>whistles</i> when one wants the wind to blow.</p> -<p id="p75" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>75.</b> To -the exclamatory type belong, further, words and phrases used as -<i>secondary interjections</i><span class="corr" id="xd21e14501" title= -"Source: s">:</span> <span lang="tl">Anò!</span> <i>What!</i> -(unpleasant <a id="a151.22" name="a151.22"></a>surprise). <span lang= -"tl">Inà ko!</span> or: <span lang="tl">Ina kò!</span> -<i>Mother of mine!</i> <span lang="tl">Ano ŋ hína -mo!</span> <i>What weakness of-you!</i> i. e. <i>How weak you -are!</i></p> -<p class="par">As the second example shows, object expressions are here -used <span class="lineNum">25</span>without <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span> (§ <a href="#p68">68</a>).</p> -<p id="p76" class="par"><b>76.</b> Certain words with the prefix -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> expressing high degree <a id="a151.27" name= -"a151.27"></a>of a quality (see Morphology), with their attributes: -<span lang="tl">Kaitìm naŋ gabi!</span> <i>What-blackness -of-the night!</i> i. e. <i>How black the night is!</i></p> -<p id="p77" class="par"><b>77.</b> Certain words with the prefix -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> and reduplication expressing <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>recent completion of an act (see Morphology), with -their <a id="a151.31" name="a151.31"></a>modifiers: <span lang= -"tl">Karáratiŋ ko pa lámaŋ!</span> -<i>Just-arriving by-me still only!</i> i. e. <i>I have only just -arrived.</i></p> -<p id="p78" class="par"><b>78.</b> Vocatives, in calling or address: -<span lang="tl">Kayò ŋ maŋa makasalánan!</span> -<i>Ye sinners!</i> In this use personal names lack <span lang= -"tl">si</span> and all <a id="a151.35" name="a151.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>object expressions lack <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span> (§ <a href="#p68">68</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Hwàn!</span> <i>Juan!</i> <span lang= -"tl">Mámaʾ!</span> <i>Sir!</i> <a id="a151.36" name= -"a151.36"></a><span lang="tl">Áli!</span> <i>Madam!</i> -<span lang="tl">Wala ŋ hiyàʾ!</span> <i>Shameless -one!</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>79.</b> Commands of certain brusque or familiar -types, used, e. g., to children, servants, animals, in haste or -excitement: <span lang="tl">Hintú <a id="a151.39" name= -"a151.39"></a>na!</span> <i>Stop!</i> <span lang="tl">Ílag -na!</span> <i>Get out of the way!</i> <span lang= -"tl">Súloŋ!</span> <i>Go ahead!</i> <a id="a151.40" name= -"a151.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span><i>Hurry up!</i> -<span lang="tl">Panáog nà sa báhay!</span> <i>Come -down from the house! <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb152" href="#pb152" -name="pb152">152</a>]</span><a id="a152.1" name="a152.1"></a>Come on -out!</i> <span lang="tl">Tàbí poʾ</span> <i>Look out -please!</i> (Cry of drivers to people on the street. The accent is -irregular by § <a href="#p51">51</a> for <span lang= -"tl">tabì</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a152.3" name="a152.3"></a><b>80.</b> Certain set -expressions, such as greetings: <span lang="tl">Maganda ŋ <a id= -"a152.4" name="a152.4"></a>áraw pòʾ!</span> -<i>Good-morning!</i> <span lang="tl">Salámat.</span> -<i>Thanks.</i> <span lang="tl">Salámat sa iyò</span>. -<span class="lineNum">5</span><i>Thank you.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>81.</b> Expressions of affirmation and negation: -<span lang="tl">Óo.</span> <i>Yes.</i> <span lang="tl">Oo <a id= -"a152.7" name="a152.7"></a>ŋàʾ</span>. <i>Yes -indeed.</i> <span lang="tl">Támaʾ</span>. <i>That’s -right</i>, <i>Exactly</i>. <span lang="tl">Hindìʾ</span>. -<i>No.</i> <span lang="tl">Walàʾ</span>. <i>None</i>, -<i>Nothing</i>, <i>There isn’t</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>82.</b> The mere naming of an idea, as in counting or -giving <span class="lineNum">10</span>the title of a story: <span lang= -"tl">Isà, dalawà, tatlò, ápat, -limà....</span> <i>One</i>, <i>two</i>, <i>three</i>, -<i>four</i>, <i>five</i>....</p> -<p class="par"><b>83.</b> (2) Of the <i>impersonal-anaphoric</i> type -are many answers <a id="a152.13" name="a152.13"></a>to questions or -continuations of dialogue: <span lang="tl">Kahápon.</span> -<i>Yesterday.</i> <a id="a152.14" name="a152.14"></a><span lang= -"tl">Akò</span>. <i>I</i>, <i>It’s I</i>, <i>It was I</i>. -(Never “<span lang="tl">Itò y akò,</span>” or -the like).</p> -<p id="p84" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>84.</b> -Certain occurrences, especially meteoric phenomena, are <a id="a152.16" -name="a152.16"></a>not analyzed into subject and predicate: <span lang= -"tl">Umúulàn</span>. <i>It’s raining.</i> <a id= -"a152.17" name="a152.17"></a><span lang="tl">Kabilúgan naŋ -bwàn</span>. <i>Roundness of-the moon<a id="xd21e14868" name= -"xd21e14868"></a></i>, i. e. <i>There is a <a id="a152.18" name= -"a152.18"></a>full moon</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Bumábahàʾ</span>. <i>There is a flood.</i> -<span lang="tl">Naàáreʾ</span>. <i>It is possible, -allowable.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí nalaúnan</span>. -<i>It did not take long</i>, <i>It was not long</i>. <a id="a152.20" -name="a152.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span><span lang= -"tl">Taginit nà</span>. <i>It is summer already.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>85.</b> Very common in impersonal construction are -expressions of indefinite quantity (§ <a href="#p69">69</a>). In -this use they express existence or forthcomingness (or the opposite) of -indefinite objects: <span lang="tl">Mày maŋa -babáye</span>. <i>There are women.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Máy-roo ŋ aswàŋ sa báyan</span>. -<span class="lineNum">25</span><i>There was a vampire in the town.</i> -<span lang="tl">Walà ŋ papèl</span>. <i>There is no -paper.</i> <span lang="tl">Walà ŋ anu màn!</span> -<i>There is nothing.</i> Also: <i>Not at all!</i> <i>You’re -welcome!</i> <span lang="tl">Malaki ŋ twàʾ naŋ -iba ŋ táo.</span> <i>There was great rejoicing by the other -people.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa dalága ŋ itò y -marámi ŋ maŋlilígaw.</span> <i>For this young -woman there were many suitors.</i></p> -<p id="p86" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>86.</b> Less -common in impersonal construction are expressions of occurrences -involving indefinite or indifferent persons or things: <a id="a152.32" -name="a152.32"></a><span lang="tl">Humúkay.</span> <i>One should -dig.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagumpisa nà naŋ -pagsábuy.</span> <i>“They” have already begun to -throw.</i></p> -<p id="p87" class="par"><b>87.</b> There is great freedom as to -presence or absence of anaphorically <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>determined elements (i. e., such as have been -recently mentioned or, less commonly, are about to be mentioned), -including the subject; when this is wanting, the subject-and-predicate -structure is, of course, lost: <span lang="tl">Hiníla nya sa -pasígan.</span> <i>Was-dragged by-him to-the shore</i>, i. e. -<i>He dragged it</i> or <i>the tree</i> (sc. <span lang= -"tl">itò</span>, or: <span class="lineNum">40</span><span lang= -"tl">aŋ púnoʾ</span>, from the preceding sentence) -<i>to the shore</i>. <span lang="tl">Hindí -makabùbúti sa kanilà.</span> (<i>It</i>, the -scheme mentioned) <i>will do them no good</i>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb153" href="#pb153" name="pb153">153</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Many constructions later to be noticed depend on this -habit of omitting anaphorically determined elements, cf. e. g.: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ púnoʾ ay tumúbo -haŋgàŋ sa magbúŋa.</span> <i>The tree grew -until</i> (sc. <i>it</i>) <i>bore <a id="a153.4" name= -"a153.4"></a>fruit</i>. <span lang="tl">Pagdatìŋ niya ay -sabíhin mo ŋ maghintày.</span> <i>At-the-coming -<span class="lineNum">5</span>of-him be-said</i> (impersonal) <i>by-you -that</i> (sc. <i>he</i>) <i>should-wait</i>, i. e. <i>When he comes, -tell him to wait</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.2.b"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>b.</i></span> <i>The -subject.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p88" class="par first"><b>88.</b> The subject of a sentence is -always an object expression. The only exceptions are complex sentences -with entire predications <span class="lineNum">10</span>(§ -<a href="#p115">115</a>) or quotations (§ <a href="#p329">329</a>) -as subject.</p> -<p id="p89" class="par"><b>89.</b> The subject may have two -positions:</p> -<p class="par">(1) <i>Non-enclitic</i>: it precedes or follows the -predicate; in the former case the predicate is introduced by the atonic -particle ay, y (y often after syllabic vowel, n, or ʾ; see -Phonetics): <span lang="tl">Sumùsúlat <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>aŋ bátaʾ.</span> <i>The child is -writing</i>; or: <span lang="tl">Aŋ bátaʾ ay -sumùsúlat. Aŋ báta y sumùsúlat. -Siyà ay sumùsúlat. Sya y -sumùsúlat.</span> <i>He, she is writing.</i> Here -<span lang="tl">siyà, syà</span> is not enclitic.</p> -<p class="par">(2) <i>Enclitic</i>: it follows the first orthotonic -word of the predicate: <span lang="tl">Hindí sya -sumùsúlat.</span> <i>Not he is-writing</i>, i. e. <i>He -is not writing</i>. <span class="lineNum">20</span><span lang= -"tl">Sumùsúlat sya naŋ líham.</span> <i>He is -writing a letter, letters.</i> In these examples <span lang= -"tl">siyà</span> is enclitic.</p> -<p class="par">Not only enclitically used pronouns (§§ -<a href="#p63">63</a>. 64), but even short <a id="a153.23" name= -"a153.23"></a>phrases are thus used: <span lang="tl">Pinapútol -nila si Hwàn naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>Was-ordered-to-cut -by-them Juan</i> (subject) <i>some wood</i>, i. e. <i>They ordered -<span class="lineNum">25</span>Juan to cut wood</i>. Here the position -of <span lang="tl">si Hwàn</span> after the first orthotonic -word of the predicate (<span lang="tl">pinapútol</span>) but -before the rest of the predicate (<span lang="tl">naŋ -káhoy</span>) shows it to be (like <span lang= -"tl">nilà</span>) an enclitic element. With the same subject not -enclitically used the sentence would be: <span lang= -"tl">Pinapútol nila naŋ káhoy si Hwàn</span>, -and this, <span class="lineNum">30</span>indeed, is the more usual -locution.</p> -<p class="par"><b>90.</b> On the use or non-use of an anaphoric subject -(<span lang="tl">siyà, silà, itò</span>) see -§ <a href="#p87">87</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.2.c"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>c.</i></span> <i>The -predicate.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>91.</b> The predicate may be (1) a transient -word with its <span class="lineNum">35</span>modifiers, (2) a static -word with its modifiers, or (3) an object expression.</p> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e15290"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>1</i>)</span> <i>Transient -predicate</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p92" class="par first"><b>92.</b> Transient words fall into four -classes according to the four relations which a subject may bear to -them when they are <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb154" href="#pb154" -name="pb154">154</a>]</span>used as predicate. We may designate these -classes by the following names:</p> -<p class="par">1. <i>active</i>: the subject is viewed as an actor: -<span lang="tl">Sumùsúlat sya <a id="a154.4" name= -"a154.4"></a>naŋ líham.</span> <i>He</i> (subject) <i>is -writing a letter, letters</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya y pumútol -<span class="lineNum">5</span>naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>He</i> -(subject) <i>cut some wood</i>. <span lang="tl">Umalìs -syà.</span> <i>He went away.</i></p> -<p class="par">2. <i>direct passive</i>: the subject is viewed as an -object fully affected <a id="a154.8" name="a154.8"></a>or produced: -<span lang="tl">Sinúlat nya aŋ líham.</span> -<i>Was-written by-him the letter</i> (subject), i. e. <i>The letter was -written by him</i>, <i>He wrote <a id="a154.10" name= -"a154.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>the letter</i>. -<span lang="tl">Pinútol nya aŋ káhoy.</span> -<i>Was-cut by-him the wood</i> (subject), i. e. <i>He cut the -wood</i>.</p> -<p class="par">3. <i>instrumental passive</i>: the subject is viewed as -a means, an instrument, something given forth or parted from: -<span lang="tl">Isinúlat nya aŋ kwènto.</span> -<i>Was-written-down by-him the story</i> (subject), i. e. <a id= -"a154.15" name="a154.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><i>He wrote -the story</i>. <span lang="tl">Ipinútol nya aŋ -gúlok.</span> <i>Was-cut-with by-him the bolo</i> (subject), i. -e. <i>He used the bolo for cutting</i>, <i>He cut with the -bolo</i>.</p> -<p class="par">4. <i>local passive</i>: the subject is viewed as an -object partly or <a id="a154.19" name="a154.19"></a>less fully -affected, as a place or sphere: <span lang="tl">Sinulátan nya -akò.</span> <i>Was-written-to <a id="a154.20" name= -"a154.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>by-him I</i> (subject), i. -e. <i>He wrote me</i>. <span lang="tl">Pinutúlan nya aŋ -káhoy.</span> <i>Was-cut-from by-him the wood</i> (subject), i. -e. <i>He cut a piece off the wood</i>.</p> -<p class="par">For a detailed description of these classes of transient -words, see Morphology.</p> -<p id="p93" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>93.</b> In -general the choice between these four constructions is made in -accordance with the logical situation: the definite, known object -underlying the predication as starting-point of discourse <a id= -"a154.28" name="a154.28"></a>is chosen as subject: <span lang= -"tl">Binigyàn nya akò naŋ aklàt.</span> -<i>Was-given-to</i> (local passive) <i>by-him I</i> (enclitic subject) -<i>a book, books</i>, <span class="lineNum">30</span>i. e. <i>He gave -me a book, books</i>. <span lang="tl">Ibinigay nyà sa -ákin aŋ aklàt.</span> <i>Was-given</i> (instrumental -passive) <i>by-him to me the book</i> (subject), i. e. <i>He gave me -the book</i>. In the first example the speaker is talking about -himself, in the second about a certain book.</p> -<p id="p94" class="par"><b>94.</b> However, the active construction is -avoided whenever <span class="lineNum">35</span>any object other than -the actor is available as subject. Especially are active constructions -with an anaphoric subject (<span lang="tl">siyà, silà, -itò</span>) avoided wherever a passive construction is at hand. -Thus, in the instance in § <a href="#p93">93</a>, even if -“he”, the actor, were the real subject of discourse, one -would rarely use the active construction: <span lang="tl">Sya y -<span class="lineNum">40</span>nagbigày sa ákin naŋ -aklàt.</span> <i>He</i> (subject) <i>gave</i> (active) <i>me a -book, books</i>. Even elements which we should look upon as somewhat -indefinite are preferred as subjects to an actor: <span lang= -"tl">Kinúha nya aŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb155" -href="#pb155" name="pb155">155</a>]</span>isa ŋ -aklàt.</span> <i>Was-taken</i> (direct passive) <i>by-him a -book</i> (subject), i. e. <i>He took a (certain) book</i> (he knew, or -I know which one or what kind).</p> -<p class="par">The active construction is thus confined to instances in -which <span class="lineNum">5</span>the object-ideas other than the -actor are entirely vague and undetermined or lacking: <span lang= -"tl">Umalìs syà.</span> <i>He went away.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sya y kumúha naŋ aklàt.</span> <i>He took a -book, some books</i> (no matter to him or to me which one or what -kind). <span lang="tl">Sumùsúlat sya naŋ -líham.</span> <i>He is writing a letter, letters.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y pumútol naŋ káhoy.</span> -<i>He cut some <span class="lineNum">10</span>wood.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Kumáin sya naŋ kánin.</span> <i>He ate some -boiled rice</i>; but: <span lang="tl">Kináin nya aŋ -kánin.</span> <i>Was-eaten</i> (direct passive) <i>by him the -boiled rice</i> (subject), i. e. <i>He ate the boiled rice</i>.</p> -<p class="par">If, in spite of the presence of other definite objects, -the actor is very decidedly emphasized, a different construction -(§§ <a href="#p104">104</a>.107.) <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>is used.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e15668"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>2</i>)</span> <i>Static -predicate</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>95.</b> The predicate may consist of a static -word with its modifiers: <span lang="tl">Aŋ bátà ay -mabaìt.</span> <i>The child is good.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Iyà y masamàʾ.</span> <i>That’s bad, -wrong.</i> <span lang="tl">Pulà aŋ panyo ŋ -itò.</span> <i>This handkerchief is red<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e15706" title="Not in source">.</span></i></p> -<p id="p96" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>96.</b> This -type of predicate is regular in word-questions: the <a id="a155.21" -name="a155.21"></a>question word is used as predicate; it precedes the -subject: <span lang="tl">Páno <a id="a155.22" name= -"a155.22"></a>aŋ pagkágusto ninyò sa -trabáho-ŋ-kanyunéro?</span> <i>How</i> (predicate) -<i>your liking for</i> (i. e. <i>How did you like</i>) <i>the -artillery-service</i>? <a id="a155.24" name="a155.24"></a><span lang= -"tl">Papáno aŋ pagsasábi sa wíka ŋ -Tagálog naŋ salità ŋ Inglès na -<span class="lineNum">25</span>“<i lang= -"en">scissors</i>”?</span> <i>How</i> (predicate) <i>the saying -in the Tagalog language of the English word “scissors”</i>? -i. e. <i>How does one say “scissors” in Tagalog?</i> -<span lang="tl">Gaáno aŋ pagkakagalìt nila?</span> -<i>How great</i>, <i>How serious was</i> (predicate) <i>their -quarrel</i>?</p> -<p id="p97" class="par"><b>97.</b> This is the construction of the -<i>interrogative pronouns</i> in <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>questions asking for the identity of an -object,—unless, indeed, these belong rather under type (3). The -interrogative pronouns are the following:</p> -<p class="par">(a) <span lang="tl">síno</span> <i>who?</i> -(singular and plural), <span lang="tl">síno-síno</span> -(explicit plural, § <a href="#p63">63</a>, end) is used of persons -only, and then only when the answer <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>expected is a name or the equivalent; it asks for -the identity of a person: <span lang="tl">Sínu ka?</span> <i>Who -are</i> (predicate) <i>you</i> (subject)? <span lang="tl">Sínu -<a id="a155.37" name="a155.37"></a>yàn?—Akò.</span> -<i>Who’s that?</i> i. e. <i>Who’s -there?</i>—<i>I.</i> <span lang="tl">Sínu ya ŋ -tumútuktók?</span> <i>Who’s that knocking?</i> -<span lang="tl">Síno aŋ nagbigày sa -iyò?</span> <i>Who</i> (predicate) <i>the one-who-gave</i> (sc. -<i>it</i>, anaphoric) <i>to you</i> (subject)? <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>i. e. <i>Who gave it to you?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Síno aŋ nagsábi sa iyò?</span> <i>Who -told you?</i> <a id="a155.41" name="a155.41"></a><i>Who told you -so?</i> <span lang="tl">Síno sa kanila ŋ dalawà -aŋ nagnákaw?</span> <i>Which <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb156" href="#pb156" name="pb156">156</a>]</span>of the two committed -the theft?</i> The two are known by name or, at any rate, as -personalities. <span lang="tl">Síno-síno sa maŋa -bátaʾ aŋ iyo ŋ <a id="a156.3" name= -"a156.3"></a>nàhúle sa paŋuumìt?</span> -<i>Which ones of the children</i> (predicate) <i>did you catch -pilfering</i>? literally: <i>the ones caught by you at pilfering</i>, -<span class="lineNum">5</span>subject.</p> -<p class="par">(b) <span lang="tl">anò</span> <i>what?</i> -<i>what kind of?</i> <i>how?</i>, explicit plural <span lang= -"tl">anò-anò</span>, asks for the identity of a thing or -for the description, character, condition of a person or of a thing: -<span lang="tl">Ano yàn?—Itò y librò.</span> -<i>What</i> (predicate) <i>is that you have there</i> -(subject)?—<i>This is a book.</i> <span lang="tl">An <a id= -"a156.10" name="a156.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>yòn?—Yo y súnog.</span> -<i>What’s that over there?</i>—<i>It’s a fire.</i> -<span lang="tl">Anò aŋ <a id="a156.11" name= -"a156.11"></a>ŋálan mo?</span> <i>What is your name?</i> -<span lang="tl">Ano aŋ sábi mo?</span> <i>What do you -say?</i> <span lang="tl">Ano aŋ íbig mo?</span> <i>What do -you want?</i> <span lang="tl">Ano-anò aŋ pinagsabè -<a id="a156.13" name="a156.13"></a>ni Hwàn sa iyò?</span> -<i>What things did Juan tell you?</i>, literally: <i>What things</i> -(predicate) <i>the things said by Juan to you</i>? <span lang="tl">Anu -kà?</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>What sort of person -are you?</i> <span lang="tl">Anò aŋ lagày naŋ -maŋa bátaʾ?... naŋ asáwa mo? ... naŋ -mé báhay?</span> <i>What</i> (or <i>How</i>) <i>is the -condition of</i> (i. e. <i>How are</i>) <i>the children</i>? ... -<i>your husband</i> or <i>wife</i>? ... <i>your wife?</i></p> -<p class="par">(c) <span lang="tl">alìn</span> <i>which?</i> -<i>which one?</i> <i>which ones?</i>, explicit plural <span lang= -"tl">alìn-alìn</span>, <span class="lineNum">20</span>is -used of persons and things; it asks neither for identification -(persons, <span lang="tl">síno</span>; things, <span lang= -"tl">anò</span>) nor for characterization (<span lang= -"tl">anò</span>), but for indication, by pointing or by -description of the place or some other unessential feature, of persons -or things: <span lang="tl">Alìn aŋ gustu mò?</span> -<i>Which one</i>, <i>Which ones do you want</i>? <span lang= -"tl">Alìn sa kanila <span class="lineNum">25</span>ŋ -dalawà aŋ nagnákaw?</span> <i>Which of the two</i> -(e. g., of these two strange men) <i>committed the theft?</i> -<span lang="tl">Alin-alìn sa maŋa -púnu-ŋ-káhoy aŋ iyo ŋ -tinagàʾ?</span> <i>Which ones of the trees did you cut -down?</i></p> -<p id="p98" class="par"><b>98<span class="corr" id="xd21e16132" title= -"Not in source">.</span></b> Of the numerative pronouns (§ -<a href="#p66">66</a>), <span lang="tl">boòʾ, -ibà</span>, and <span lang="tl">ilàn</span> <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>(in this use interrogative) are used as static -predicates: <span lang="tl">Itò y buòʾ.</span> -<i>This is entire, complete, unbroken.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí -ko gusto iyàn; ibà aŋ áki ŋ -gustò.</span> <i>Not by-me wanted</i> (static predicate) -<i>that</i> (subject); <i>different</i> (predicate) <i>that by-me -wanted</i> (subject), i. e. <i>I don’t want that</i>; <i>what I -want is different</i>, <i>I want something <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>else</i>. <span lang="tl">Ilàn aŋ -maŋlilígaw?</span> <i>How many are the suitors?</i></p> -<p id="p99" class="par"><b>99.</b> Of the modifiers of indefinite -quantity (§ <a href="#p69">69</a>) several are used as static -predicates: <span lang="tl">Sya y walá na.</span> <i>He is</i> -or <i>was gone already</i>. <span lang="tl">Itò y -walàʾ.</span> <i>This does not take place</i>, <i>does not -appear</i>, <i>falls away</i>. <span lang="tl">Malakì aŋ -súnog.</span> <i>The fire was great.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Marámi aŋ <a id="a156.40" name= -"a156.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>nagsàsábi -nitò.</span> <i>Many are they who say this.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>100.</b> For the disjunctive forms of personal -pronouns and of síno as static predicates, see § <a href= -"#p169">169</a>. For local expressions, see <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb157" href="#pb157" name= -"pb157">157</a>]</span>§ <a href="#p211">211</a>. For entire -predications as static predicates, § <a href="#p112">112</a> f., -quotations, § <a href="#p114">114</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e16275"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>3</i>)</span> <i>Object -expression as predicate.</i></h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>101.</b> If the predicate is an object -expression, it may have <span class="lineNum">5</span>three different -forms: (A) <i>definite</i>, (B) <i>circumlocutory definite</i>, and (C) -<i>indefinite</i>.</p> -<p id="p102" class="par"><b>102.</b> (A) A <i>definite</i> object -predicate consists simply of a word or phrase in the object -construction (§ <a href="#p61">61</a> ff.); it has therefore the -same structure as a subject. Usually this predicate precedes -<span class="lineNum">10</span>and is emphatic (emotionally dominant): -<span lang="tl">Itò aŋ áki ŋ -tìráhan.</span> <i>This is</i> (predicate) <i>my -dwelling</i> (subject), i. e. <i>Why, it’s here I’m at -home!</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>103.</b> The definite object predicate is especially -emphatic in sentences that have as subject a transient word (with or -without <span class="lineNum">15</span>modifiers) in object -construction: <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn aŋ -nagnákaw.</span> <i>It was Juan who did the stealing.</i> -<span lang="tl">Siya rìn aŋ kanya ŋ -inìíbig.</span> <i>It was he whom she loved.</i> Both -<span lang="tl">nagnákaw</span> and <span lang= -"tl">inìíbig</span> are transient.</p> -<p id="p104" class="par"><b>104.</b> When an emphatic actor cannot be -used as subject of a transient predicate (owing to the presence of -other definite object <span class="lineNum">20</span>ideas, § -<a href="#p94">94</a>), it is often used as the predicate in this -construction,—the transient part of the sentence being put into -object construction and used as subject. Thus, if, in the sentence: -<span lang="tl">Itò y ginawá ni Hwàn.</span> -<i>This</i> (subject) <i>was-done</i> (direct passive) <i>by Juan</i>, -the idea of “Juan”, the actor, should become dominant, -<span class="lineNum">25</span>one would not use the active transient -predicate (”<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay gumawá -nitò</span>”), for the idea of “this” is too -definite to allow of the actor’s functioning as subject; one says -instead: <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn aŋ gumawá -nitò.</span> <i>It was Juan who did this</i>, with -“Juan” as definite object predicate and the rest of the -sentence, objectivized, as subject. <span class="lineNum">30</span>So: -<span lang="tl">Siyà aŋ nagbigày sa ákin -naŋ aklàt.</span> <i>It was he that gave me the</i> (or -<i>a</i>) <i>book, books</i>. (cf. § <a href="#p93">93</a>). -<span lang="tl">Ikaw ŋàʾ aŋ nagsábi <a id= -"a157.32" name="a157.32"></a>niyàn.</span> <i>It was you -yourself who said that.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>105.</b> Less commonly the subject precedes the -predicate. In this case the construction is quite normal and -unemphatic; if <span class="lineNum">35</span>there is a transient -element it usually stands in the predicate: <span lang="tl">Itò -y aŋ áki ŋ tìráhan.</span> <i>This</i> -(subject) <i>is my dwelling</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay -aŋ nagnákaw.</span> <i>Juan is the one who did the -stealing.</i></p> -<p id="p106" class="par"><b>106.</b> (B) In the <i>circumlocutory -definite</i> object predicate the central element is the pronoun -<span lang="tl">siyà</span> (in this use never enclitic), -<span class="lineNum">40</span>which is followed by modifiers which -express the real content of the predicate. In this use <span lang= -"tl">siyà</span> may <span class="corr" id="xd21e16518" title= -"Source: appy">apply</span> to inanimate <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb158" href="#pb158" name="pb158">158</a>]</span>objects and to two or -more objects (§ <a href="#p63">63</a>). The subject, which has -always a moderate degree of emphasis, usually precedes: <span lang= -"tl">Itò ay sya kò ŋ tìráhan.</span> -<i>This is what is my home</i>, i. e. <i>This is where I live</i>. In -most cases the real content of the predicate is a transient -<span class="lineNum">5</span>word (with or without modifiers): -<span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay sya ŋ -tumútuktòk.</span> <i>Pedro is the one</i> (<span lang= -"tl">siyà</span>) <i>who is knocking</i>. (Less emphatic than -the violently transposed <span lang="tl">Si Pédro aŋ -tumútuktòk.</span> <i>It’s Pedro <a id="a158.8" -name="a158.8"></a>who is knocking</i>, of type A). <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkátahol naŋ áso ay syà ŋ -<a id="a158.9" name="a158.9"></a>ikinágisiŋ naŋ -bátaʾ.</span> <i>The barking of the dog is what woke up the -<a id="a158.10" name="a158.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>child.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -paŋparikìt ay sya kò ŋ -pinamutúlan.</span> <i>The kindlings are what I have cut up.</i> -Occasionally the predicate precedes: <a id="a158.12" name= -"a158.12"></a><span lang="tl">Baká sya ŋ ikapútol -naŋ piŋgà aŋ kabigatàn naŋ -buháŋin.</span> <i>Perhaps that which may break the -carrying-pole</i> (predicate) <i>the weight of the sand</i> (subject), -i. e. <i>See that the weight of the sand <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>doesn’t break the carrying-pole</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>107.</b> This construction, like that of type (A), is -often used when a transient predicate is not permissible with an -actor-subject; here, however, the sentence is not, as in (A), reversed, -but the actor is used as subject and the rest of the sentence as true -<span class="lineNum">20</span>content of the circumlocutory predicate: -<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay syà ŋ gumawá -nito.</span> <i>Juan is the one who did this.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Pédro ay syà ŋ nagbigày sa ákin -naŋ aklàt.</span> <i>Pedro is the person who gave me the -book.</i></p> -<p id="p108" class="par"><b>108.</b> A predicate of this type may, in -its entirety and as a <span class="lineNum">25</span>unit, be -objectivized with <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> and used as subject of -a sentence of type (A): <span lang="tl">Aŋ médiko -lámaŋ ay sya nyà ŋ -màkàkatálo.</span> <i>The doctor alone will be the -one to oppose him</i> (literally: <i>he by-him who will-be-opposed</i>, -direct passive): <span lang="tl">Aŋ médiko -lámaŋ aŋ sya nyà ŋ -màkàkatálo.</span> <i>It is the doctor alone who -will be the one to <a id="a158.30" name="a158.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>oppose him.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -bintána ŋ iyàn aŋ syà ŋ -kahùhulúgan naŋ bátaʾ!</span> -<i>It’s that window that will be the place where the child will -fall out!</i></p> -<p id="p109" class="par"><b>109.</b> (C) The <i>indefinite</i> object -predicate has the structure of an object expression, but lacks -<span lang="tl">aŋ</span> (§ <a href="#p68">68</a>). In -meaning it corresponds, <span class="lineNum">35</span>roughly, to an -English noun-predicate without <i>the</i>: <span lang="tl">Itò y -librò.</span> <i>This</i> (subject) <i>is a book</i> -(predicate). <span lang="tl">Yo y súnog.</span> <i>That’s -a fire.</i> <span lang="tl">Itò y mabúti ŋ -librò.</span> <i>This is a good book.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn ay isa ŋ magnanákaw.</span> <i>Juan is a -thief.</i> <span lang="tl">Masípag na táo -itò.</span> <i>Industrious people</i> (predicate) <i>these</i> -(subject), i. e. <i>These are industrious <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>people</i>.</p> -<p id="p110" class="par"><b>110.</b> As indefinite object predicates -occur especially the expressions of indefinite quantity (§ -<a href="#p69">69</a>). In this use they have possessive <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb159" href="#pb159" name= -"pb159">159</a>]</span>value: <span lang="tl">Sya y máy -famílya.</span> <i>He has a family.</i> <span lang="tl">May -ápat na pu ŋ paà aŋ hábaʾ.</span> -<i>Having forty feet</i> (predicate) <i>the length</i> (subject), i. e. -<i>The length is about forty feet</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya y -máy-roo ŋ aklàt.</span> <i>He has a book, books.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y wala ŋ aklàt.</span> <i>He has no -book, <span class="lineNum">5</span>no books.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -marámi ŋ salapèʾ.</span> <i>He has much -money.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí <a id="a159.6" name= -"a159.6"></a>maláo ŋ panahòn aŋ kanya ŋ -paghihimatày.</span> <i>Her fainting-spell did not last -long.</i> <span lang="tl">Itò y malakì ŋ -kagamitàn.</span> <i>This has great use, is much used.</i></p> -<p class="par">It is to be noted that all the modifiers of indefinite -quantity, <span class="lineNum">10</span>except <span lang= -"tl">máy</span>, which is pretonic, are orthotonic and therefore -followed by an enclitic subject (§ <a href="#p89">89</a>): -<span lang="tl">Máy-roon sya ŋ aklàt.</span> <i>He -has no book.</i> But: <span lang="tl">May dalawà sya ŋ -anàk.</span> <i>He has two children.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.2.d"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>d.</i></span> <i>Subordinate -predications.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>111.</b> An entire predication may be used as -subject, predicate, <span class="lineNum">15</span>or attribute in a -longer sentence. The use of such subordinate predications is, however, -limited (as opposed, e. g., to English usage) by the habit of freely -using transient words (with their modifiers) as attributes: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ súpot naŋ kwaltà na kanila ŋ -ibinigày pagdáka sa kanila ŋ -magúlaŋ</span> <i>the bag of money by-them given -<span class="lineNum">20</span>at once to their parents</i>, i. e. ... -<i>which they gave</i>.... It is limited, further, by the freedom of -omitting anaphoric elements (§ <a href="#p87">87</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ púnoʾ ay tumúbo haŋgàŋ -sa magbúŋa.</span> <i>The tree grew until</i> (sc. -<i>it</i>, subject) <i>bore fruit</i>.</p> -<p id="p112" class="par"><b>112.</b> Predications as predicates occur -very frequently. <span lang="tl">Aŋ <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>ginawá nya ay umalìs sya.</span> -<i>That done by-him</i> (subject) <i>was went-away he</i> (predication, -as predicate), i. e. <i>What he did was, he went away</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ mabúti ay itápun nilà aŋ -maŋa bátaʾ.</span> <i>The best thing (to do) was that -they should abandon the children.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id= -"a159.29" name="a159.29"></a>ísip ko y balat lámaŋ -naŋ itlòg itò.</span> <i>My thought was</i> (i. e. -<i>I <span class="lineNum">30</span>thought</i>) <i>this was only an -egg-shell</i>.</p> -<p id="p113" class="par"><b>113.</b> Especially common is a whole -predication as a predicate describing or characterizing the subject: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kúba ay mahínaʾ aŋ -katawàn.</span> <i>The hunchback was: weak was his body</i>, i. -e. <i>was weak of body</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ ikapitu ŋ -bátaʾ ay hindí kináin aŋ kanya -<span class="lineNum">35</span>ŋ tinápay.</span> <i>The -seventh child was: not was-eaten his bread</i>, i. e. <i>did not eat -his bread</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ isa nyà ŋ -anàk ay pitò nà ŋ taòn aŋ -gúlaŋ.</span> <i>His one child was now seven years of -age.</i> This construction, together with the use of impersonal -expressions (§ <a href="#p84">84</a>) makes possible such a -sentence as: <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa karitòn ... ay -gabì kuŋ <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>ipalákad.</span> <i>The wagons ... were: -it-was-night when</i> (sc. <i>they</i>, anaphoric subject) -<i>were-made-to-go</i>, i. e. <i>The wagons were driven at night</i>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb160" href="#pb160" name= -"pb160">160</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p114" class="par"><b>114.</b> Direct quotations as predicates -are frequent: <span lang="tl">“Isà!” aŋ -sábi naŋ bulàg.</span> <i>“One!” was -what the blindman said.</i> <span lang="tl">“Túnay -bagà ŋ akò y inìíbig mo?” -aŋ tanòŋ naŋ dalága ni Andrès sa -kanyà.</span> <i>“Is it really true that you love -me?” was the question <span class="lineNum">5</span>of -Andrés’ young lady to him.</i></p> -<p id="p115" class="par"><b>115.</b> A predication as subject is rare: -<span lang="tl">Mabúti táyo y dumoòn sa isa ŋ -lugàr....</span> <i>It is best</i> (predicate) <i>that we go to -a place</i>.... <span lang="tl">Hindí bihíraʾ -aŋ maŋa táo y naŋhùhúle naŋ -buhày na uŋgòʾ.</span> <i>It is not rare that -people go catching live monkeys.</i> <span class="lineNum">10</span>It -will be noted that these predications are not objectivized, cf. § -<a href="#p88">88</a>.</p> -<p id="p116" class="par"><b>116.</b> Occasionally, however, the -predication used as subject is objectivized: <span lang= -"tl">Hindí bihíraʾ aŋ magkalunòd aŋ -maŋa táo.</span> <i>It is not rare that people get -drowned</i>, or <i>The occurrence that people <a id="a160.15" name= -"a160.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>get drowned is not -rare</i>. <span lang="tl">Súkat nà aŋ ikàw ay -magpasalámat.</span> <i>It is fitting now that you be -thankful.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>117.</b> For predications as attributes see the -section on attribution.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.2.e"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>e.</i></span> <i>Omission of -predicate.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>118.</b> The use -of a predicate, or of the central element of a predicate is (like that -of any other element, § <a href="#p87">87</a>) optional when, if -used, it would be anaphoric: <span lang="tl">(Si Hwàn -namàn ay sumagòt: “Matàr!” at sa -hulè) si Andrès aŋ kanya ŋ -“Sì!”</span> <i>(Then Juan answered -“Matar!” and last) Andrés his “Si!”</i> -The form of <span class="lineNum">25</span>the sentence with the -predicate (which is anaphoric from the preceding <span lang= -"tl">sumagòt</span> <i>answered</i>) would be: <span lang= -"tl">... si Andrès ay isinagòt aŋ kanya ŋ -“Sì!” ...</span> <i>Andrés was: was-answered -his “Si!”</i>, i. e. <i>Andrés answered his -“Si!”</i>,—a sentence of the kind described in § -<a href="#p113">113</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.b.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="lineNum">30</span><span class= -"divNum">3.</span> Attributes.</h4> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p119" class="par first"><b>119.</b> We may distinguish four -constructions in which an attribute may stand: 1. <i>Conjunctive</i> -attribution: the attribute is joined by means of the particle -<span lang="tl">na</span> or <span lang="tl">ŋ</span>: <span lang= -"tl">isa ŋ táo</span> <i>a person</i>, <i>one person</i>; -2. <i>Disjunctive</i> attribution: the attribute, which is always -<span class="lineNum">35</span>an object expression, stands in a -special <i>disjunctive</i> form, <span lang="tl">aŋ</span>, for -instance, being changed to <span lang="tl">naŋ</span>: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ púno naŋ uŋgòʾ</span> <i>the -tree of the monkey</i>; 3. <i>Local</i> attribution: the attribute, -which is always an object expression, stands in a special <i>local</i> -form, <span lang="tl">aŋ</span>, for instance, being always -changed to <span lang="tl">sa</span>: <span lang= -"tl">nalìlígo sa ílog</span> <i>bathing in the -<span class="lineNum">40</span>river</i>; 4. <i>Absolute</i> -attribution: the attribute merely precedes or follows: <span lang= -"tl">hindí támaʾ</span> <i>not correct</i>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb161" href="#pb161" name= -"pb161">161</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">In a sense the last three constructions, which do not -employ the particle <span lang="tl">na, ŋ</span>, stand opposed to -the first, which does. Constructions 2 and 3 make it possible to speak, -in a very wide sense, of three “cases” in which an object -expression may stand: “subjective” <span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">aŋ ílog</span> <i>the -river</i>, “disjunctive” <span lang="tl">naŋ -ílog</span> <i>of the river</i>, and “local” -<span lang="tl">sa ílog</span> <i>in the river</i>; but it is to -be observed that these “cases” are not confined to any -class of words, but appear in any word or phrase when it stands in the -object construction.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e17386src" href= -"#xd21e17386" name="xd21e17386src">4</a></p> -<p id="p120" class="par"><b>120.</b> In position attributes may be:</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>A. <i>Loosely joined.</i> -In this position occur only attributes of a predicate (or of an entire -non-predicative sentence). Their treatment resembles that of a -non-enclitic subject (§ <a href="#p89">89</a>): they either -precede the rest of the sentence with <span lang="tl">ay, y</span>, or -follow at the end of the sentence: <span lang="tl">Doòn ay -syà y nahigàʾ.</span> <i>There</i> (<span lang= -"tl">doòn</span>, loosely <span class="lineNum">15</span>joined) -<i>he lay down</i>. <span lang="tl">Nahánap ko nà aŋ -sombréro sa lahàt naŋ súlok.</span> <i>I have -looked for the hat in every corner.</i> The phrase beginning with -<span lang="tl">sa</span> is loosely joined; it follows all the rest of -the sentence, including even the subject, <span lang="tl">aŋ -sombréro</span>.</p> -<p class="par">In the placing of enclitics a loosely joined attribute -is ignored: <a id="a161.20" name="a161.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span><span lang="tl">Pagulàn ay gamítin mo -aŋ kapóte.</span> <i>When it rains use your rain-coat.</i> -The enclitic <span lang="tl">mò</span> follows the first -orthotonic word of the predicate (which it modifies), not counting the -loosely joined <span lang="tl">pagulàn</span>.</p> -<p class="par">When a loosely joined attribute precedes, the -<span lang="tl">ay, y</span> is in some <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>cases left off: <span lang="tl">Dahil díto -tináwag nya aŋ kaybígan nya.</span> <i>Therefore he -called his friend.</i> The position of the enclitic <span lang= -"tl">niyà</span> shows that <span lang="tl">dahil -díto</span> is loosely joined, but <span lang="tl">ay, y</span> -is not used.</p> -<p class="par">Occasionally a loosely joined attribute is preceded by -the subject and only one <span lang="tl">ay, y</span> is used: -<span lang="tl">Karanyúwa y aŋ kosinéro y -<span class="lineNum">30</span>upahàn.</span> <i>Usually</i> -(loosely joined) <i>the cook is hired</i>; but also: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kosinéro karanyúwa y -upahàn.</span></p> -<p class="par">B. <i>Closely joined.</i> The attribute immediately -precedes or follows that modified: <span lang="tl">hindí -támaʾ</span> <i>not correct</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -púno naŋ uŋgòʾ</span> <i>the tree of the -monkey</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>C. <i>Enclitic.</i> They -follow immediately on the first word of the expression modified, -counting closely joined attributes, but not loosely joined: <span lang= -"tl">Hindí ko nàlàláman.</span> <i>Not -by-me (it) is-known</i>, i. e. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb162" -href="#pb162" name="pb162">162</a>]</span><i>I don’t know</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ mahahába nya ŋ paà</span> -<i>his</i> (<span lang="tl">niyà</span> enclitic) <i>long -legs</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>121.</b> Some attributes always precede (so e. g. -<span lang="tl">hindìʾ</span>, § <a href= -"#p239">239</a>); others always follow (so, for instance, disjunctive -attributes, <span class="lineNum">5</span>§ <a href= -"#p171">171</a>).</p> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.3.a"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>a.</i></span> <i>Conjunctive -attributes.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p122" class="par first"><b>122.</b> A conjunctive attribute is -connected with the word or phrase which it modifies by the atonic -particle <span lang="tl">na</span>. Normally <span lang= -"tl">ŋ</span> takes the place of <span lang="tl">na</span> after a -vowel, <i>n</i>, or the glottal stop (see <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Phonetics): <span lang="tl">mabúti ŋ -aklàt</span> <i>good book</i>, or: <span lang="tl">aklàt -na mabúti</span>.</p> -<p class="par">However, <span lang="tl">na</span> and <span lang= -"tl">ŋ</span> are not exactly equivalent. Predications, longer -phrases, and, frequently, transient expressions are joined with -<span lang="tl">na</span> even where <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> is -possible: <span lang="tl">isa ŋ malakì ŋ -higànte na nalìlígoʾ</span> <i>a big giant -who was bathing</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>On the other hand, some -constructions use <span lang="tl">na</span> rarely or not at all: where -<span lang="tl">ŋ</span> cannot be used the particle is then -omitted and we have absolute attribution. These constructions will be -described under the latter heading.</p> -<p class="par">In the formation of compound words (see Morphology) -<span lang="tl">na</span> is <span class="lineNum">20</span>never used, -while <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> is a regular element. This latter -circumstance sometimes makes it difficult to determine whether a given -expression is a conjunctive phrase or a compound word.</p> -<p class="par"><b>123.</b> Conjunctive attributes are closely joined -and either precede or follow; for this reason it is sometimes -undetermined <span class="lineNum">25</span>which of the elements -connected is the attribute, which the element modified.</p> -<p id="p124" class="par"><b>124.</b> The elements connected by -conjunctive attribution are viewed as constituting a single larger -element. Conjunctive attribution is the normal and general relation -between modifier and <span class="lineNum">30</span>modified and -includes relations that in many other languages (such as English) are -viewed in manifold ways. We may divide the construction roughly into -three types, although these actually merge into each other: (1) -<i>quality</i>, (2) <i>manner</i>, and (3) <i>complement</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>Not included in this -division are the cases where conjunctive attribution alternates with -absolute (§ <a href="#p122">122</a>), which will be treated of -under the latter heading, and a type which in meaning is so closely -parallel with disjunctive attribution that it will be more economical -to treat it under this head (§§ <a href= -"#p165">165</a>.168).</p> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e17789"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="lineNum">40</span><span class= -"divNum">(<i>1</i>)</span> <i>Conjunctive attributes of -quality</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>125.</b> Conjunctive attributes of the quality -type are used <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb163" href="#pb163" name= -"pb163">163</a>]</span>chiefly in object expressions. They have no -fixed order: <span lang="tl">aŋ mabúti ŋ -aklàt</span> <i>the (a) good book</i>, or: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ aklàt na mabúti.</span> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ sumùsúlat na bátaʾ</span> <i>the -writing child</i>, <i>the child that is writing</i>, or: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ báta ŋ sumùsúlat.</span></p> -<p id="p126" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>126.</b> When -they precede a personal name the whole expression is preceded by -<span lang="tl">aŋ</span>, but when they follow <span lang= -"tl">si</span> suffices: <span lang="tl">aŋ báta ŋ -<a id="a163.7" name="a163.7"></a>si Hwàn</span> <i>the child -Juan</i>, <i>little Juan</i>, <span lang="tl">si Hwà ŋ -Talúnan</span> <i>Juan who is always defeated</i> (as a -nickname).</p> -<p id="p127" class="par"><b>127.</b> Conjunctive attributes of quality -tend to precede when <span class="lineNum">10</span>they are emphatic -or in contrast; when fixed they tend to follow: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -marúnoŋ na pagòŋ at aŋ ulòl na -uŋgòʾ.</span> <i>The clever turtle and <a id="a163.12" -name="a163.12"></a>the foolish monkey.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Hwà ŋ Pípe ay nàkíta námin sa -tulày.</span> <a id="a163.13" name="a163.13"></a><i>We saw Dumb -Juan on the bridge.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ báo ŋ -babáye</span> <i>the lower <a id="a163.14" name= -"a163.14"></a>half of the cocoanut shell</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -báo ŋ malambòt</span> <i>the soft shell of the -<span class="lineNum">15</span>cocoanut</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ<a id="xd21e17921" name="xd21e17921"></a> wíka -ŋ Kastílaʾ</span> <i>the Spanish language</i>. -Especially those expressing material tend to follow: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ báhay na batò</span> <i>a <a id="a163.17" -name="a163.17"></a>stone house</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -koróna ŋ tinìk</span> <i>a crown of thorns</i>, -<span lang="tl">aŋ atsára ŋ <a id="a163.18" name= -"a163.18"></a>papáya</span> <i>papaw salad</i>, <i>pickled -papaw</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ tinóla ŋ -manòk</span> <i>chicken <a id="a163.19" name= -"a163.19"></a>stew</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ sáko ŋ -pálay</span> <i>a sack of rice</i>. A modifier expressing the -<span class="lineNum">20</span>special kind always follows: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ sála ŋ pagnanákaw</span> <i>the crime -<a id="a163.21" name="a163.21"></a>which is</i> (i. e. <i>of</i>) -<i>theft</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ bísyo ŋ -paginòm</span> <i>the vice of drinking</i>, <a id="a163.22" -name="a163.22"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ larò ŋ -taguàn</span> <i>the game which consists of hiding</i>, <i>the -game of <a id="a163.23" name="a163.23"></a>hide-and-seek</i>, -<span lang="tl">kanína ŋ umága</span> <i>a little -while ago in the morning</i>, i. e. <i>this morning</i>, <span lang= -"tl">ilà ŋ óras na -pagsasàlitáan</span> <i>a few hours of conversation</i>, -<a id="a163.25" name="a163.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span><span lang="tl">aŋ bandà ŋ -kataasàn</span> (or: <span lang="tl">itaàs</span>) <i>the -direction (which <a id="a163.26" name="a163.26"></a>is) north</i>, i. -e. <i>the north</i>; so: <span lang="tl">aŋ bandà ŋ -kababáan</span> (or: <span lang="tl">ibabàʾ</span>) -<a id="a163.27" name="a163.27"></a><i>the south</i>, <span lang= -"tl">siláŋan</span> (or: <span lang= -"tl">sìlaŋánan</span>) <i>the east</i>, <span lang= -"tl">kalunúran</span> <i>the west</i><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e18069" title="Source: .">,</span> <a id="a163.28" name= -"a163.28"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ gawì ŋ -kánan</span> <i>the right-hand side</i>, <span lang= -"tl">kaliwàʾ</span> <i>the left</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a163.29" name="a163.29"></a><b>128.</b> Titles -and the like precede: <span lang="tl">aŋ báo ŋ si -Maryà</span> <i>the <span class="lineNum">30</span>widow -Maria</i>.</p> -<p id="p129" class="par"><b>129.</b> The personal pronouns precede -their conjunctive attributes: <span lang="tl">sila ŋ -tatlò</span> <i>they three</i>, <span lang="tl">Si Pédro -ay syà ŋ tumútuktòk.</span> <i>Pedro is the -one who is knocking</i> (§ <a href="#p106">106</a> ff.).</p> -<p id="p130" class="par"><b>130.</b> The demonstrative pronouns as -conjunctive attributes <span class="lineNum">35</span>usually follow: -<span lang="tl">aŋ táo ŋ itò</span> <i>this -person</i>, <i>this man</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ tatlò -ŋ <a id="a163.36" name="a163.36"></a>itò</span> <i>these -three</i>, <span lang="tl">Aŋ korbáta ŋ irè ay -bágo.</span> <i>This necktie is new.</i></p> -<p class="par">Occasionally, however, they precede, especially with a -longer expression. In this case <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> is not -used (§ <a href="#p64">64</a>, end): <span lang="tl">ito ŋ -súpot ko naŋ kwàlta</span> <i>this bag of money of -mine</i>; <span lang="tl">iyo ŋ úna ŋ -kumalabòg</span> <a id="a163.40" name="a163.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span><i>that first thing which made a thud</i>; -<span lang="tl">Itò ŋ báhay aŋ binili -kò.</span> <i>This house is what I bought</i>, <i>It’s -this house I’ve bought</i>, <i>This is the house I’ve -bought</i> (§ <a href="#p102">102</a> ff.).</p> -<p class="par">Under emphasis the demonstrative pronoun may both -precede <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb164" href="#pb164" name= -"pb164">164</a>]</span>and follow: <span lang="tl">ito ŋ -táo ŋ itò</span> <i>this man here</i>, <span lang= -"tl">iyo ŋ táo ŋ yaòn</span> <i>that man over -there</i>.</p> -<p id="p131" class="par"><b>131.</b> The interrogative pronouns -precede; <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> is not used (§ <a href= -"#p65">65</a>). See also <span lang="tl">kaníno,</span> § -<a href="#p168">168</a>. The meanings of the interrogative <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>pronouns as conjunctive attributes are:</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">síno</span> <i>which?</i> (of -several known people): <span lang="tl">sínu ŋ -táo?</span> <i>which one?</i> <i>which ones?</i></p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">alìn</span> <i>which?</i> (of -several known things): <span lang="tl">alì ŋ -lugàr</span> <i>which place</i>, <i>which places</i>? -<span lang="tl">alì ŋ bandà?</span> <i>which -way?</i> (e. g. at a cross-roads) <span class= -"lineNum">10</span><span lang="tl">alì ŋ maŋa -búŋa?</span> <i>which fruits?</i> <i>which ones of the -fruits?</i></p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">anò</span> <i>what?</i> <i>what -kind of?</i> (of persons or things not known), also, in exclamations, -<i>what...!</i> <i>what great...!</i> <span lang="tl">Anu ŋ -ílog itò?</span> <i>What river is this?</i> <span lang= -"tl">ano ŋ bandà?</span> <i>what direction?</i> <i>which -way?</i> (of all possible points of the compass) <span lang="tl">anu -ŋ táo</span> <i>what sort <span class="lineNum">15</span>of -a person?</i> <i>what sort of people?</i> <i>who?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ano ŋ hínaʾ!</span> <i>What weakness!</i></p> -<p id="p132" class="par"><b>132.</b> The numerative pronouns mostly -precede, and the use of <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> is optional -(§ <a href="#p66">66</a>, end); <span lang="tl">ibà</span> -<i>other</i>, however, requires <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> when, as -conjunctive attribute, it begins an object phrase. Of the <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>others, <span lang="tl">karamíhan</span> -<i>most</i> and the particle <span lang="tl">báwat</span> -<i>every</i> are not used in this construction, and <span lang= -"tl">lahàt</span> <i>all</i> occurs only as modifier of the -personal pronouns, which (by § <a href="#p129">129</a>) precede. -The particle <span lang="tl">bála</span> <i>any</i>, on the -other hand, occurs only as conjunctive attribute: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ iba ŋ báhay</span> <i>the other house</i>, -<i>another house</i>, <span lang="tl">sila ŋ lahàt</span> -<i>they all</i>, <span class="lineNum">25</span><i>all of them</i>, -<span lang="tl">bála ŋ táo</span> <i>any person</i>, -<i>anyone</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ bála ŋ -táo</span> <i>any one</i> (of a given group), <span lang= -"tl">boò ŋ báyan</span> <i>all the town</i>, -<i>everybody in town</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ boò ŋ -báyan</span> <i>the entire town</i>, <i>everybody in the -town</i>, <span lang="tl">ilà ŋ táo ŋ -matalíno</span> <i>a few intelligent men</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ ilà ŋ sandalèʾ</span> <i>a few -moments</i>.</p> -<p id="p133" class="par"><b>133.</b> The cardinal numerals usually -precede; <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> is optional <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>(§ <a href="#p67">67</a>): <span lang="tl">isa -ŋ itlòg</span> <i>one egg</i>, <i>an egg</i>; <span lang= -"tl">aŋ isa ŋ itlòg</span> <i>the one egg</i>.</p> -<p id="p134" class="par"><b>134.</b> The tens, hundreds, etc. of the -cardinal numerals are always modified by <span lang= -"tl">isà</span> <i>one</i> or a higher unit. The phrase so -formed precedes that counted. The higher numerals are: <span lang= -"tl">pùʾ</span> <i>ten</i>, <span lang="tl">daàn, -raàn</span> <i>hundred</i>, <span lang="tl">líbo</span> -<i>thousand</i>, <span lang="tl">laksàʾ</span> -<i>million</i>, <span lang="tl">yútaʾ</span> -<i>billion</i>: <span lang="tl">isa ŋ <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>pù ŋ táo, sà m pu ŋ -táo</span> <i>ten men</i>, <span lang="tl">ápat na -raà ŋ báhay</span> <i>four-hundred houses</i>.</p> -<p id="p135" class="par"><b>135.</b> The teens are expressed by -<span lang="tl">labì</span> preceding the simple numerals as -conjunctive modifier: <span lang="tl">labì ŋ isà -ŋ aklàt</span> <i>eleven books</i>, <span lang= -"tl">labì ŋ tatlò ŋ áraw</span> -<i>thirteen days</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span><b>136.</b> The Spanish -numerals, however, (used in dates, § <a href="#p67">67</a>) -follow: <span lang="tl">aŋ taò ŋ -míle-nobisyèntos-dòs</span> <i>the year -1902</i>.</p> -<p id="p137" class="par"><b>137.</b> <span lang= -"tl">saríle</span> <i>self</i> (see § <a href= -"#p175">175</a>) is used as a conjunctive attribute <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb165" href="#pb165" name= -"pb165">165</a>]</span><a id="a165.1" name="a165.1"></a>in the sense of -<i>own</i>: <span lang="tl">Walá sya ŋ saríli ŋ -baìt.</span> <i>He has no self-respect</i> (literally: <i>own -respect</i>).</p> -<p id="p138" class="par"><b>138.</b> Of the modifiers that form -expressions of indefinite quantity all except <span lang= -"tl">máy</span> precede as conjunctive attributes; for -<span class="lineNum">5</span>examples see § <a href="#p69">69</a> -f. In object expressions <span lang="tl">maláon, -malakì</span> and <span lang="tl">marámi</span> do not -differ from normal conjunctive attributes; examples in § <a href= -"#p70">70</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>139.</b> Expressions of indefinite quantity as units -may stand in conjunctive attribution. They then have possessive value: -<span lang="tl">aŋ <span class="lineNum">10</span>háre -ŋ may súŋay</span> <i>the king who had horns</i>; -<span lang="tl">aŋ kapútol na wala ŋ -dáhon</span> <i>the part without leaves</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>140.</b> Conjunctive attribution includes many cases -which in English would be envisaged rather as appositions of two -objects: <span lang="tl">aŋ báta ŋ si -Hwàn</span> <i>the boy Juan</i>, <span lang="tl">si Hwà -ŋ Bíbas</span> <i>Juan the Jester</i>, <span class= -"lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">Sya y may táŋa ŋ -pamáloʾ.</span> <i>He has hold of a stick.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Táŋan</span> <i>that grasped</i>, <i>thing grasped</i> -is conjunctive attribute of <span lang="tl">pamáloʾ</span> -<i>club</i>, <a id="a165.17" name="a165.17"></a><i>stick</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ magának na sina Bantòg</span> -<i>the Bantog family</i>, <span lang="tl">tatlò ŋ -magkakayibíga ŋ estudyànte ŋ -magkababáyan</span> <i>three friends</i> (<span lang= -"tl">ŋ</span>) <i>students</i> (<span lang="tl">ŋ</span>) -<i>fellow-townsmen</i>, i. e. <i>three student friends from the -<span class="lineNum">20</span>same town</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -tatlú ŋ magkakaybíga ŋ si Pédro, si -Hwàn, at si Andrès</span> <i>the three friends, Pedro, -Juan, and Andrés</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ salità -ŋ “bámos”</span> <i>the word -“vamos”</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>141.</b> When a longer expression is used as a -conjunctive attribute of quality, it usually follows, and <span lang= -"tl">na</span> is often preferred <span class="lineNum">25</span>to -<span lang="tl">ŋ</span>: <span lang="tl">aŋ parúsa na -hindí mo gustò</span> <i>the punishment not by-you -liked</i>, i. e. <i>the punishment you don’t like</i>; -<span lang="tl">isà ŋ usà ŋ -naŋìŋináin sa gúbat</span> <i>a deer -grazing in the jungle</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ isà (sa -maŋa kaybígan nilà) na sya ŋ -magígiŋ hukòm</span> <i>one (of their friends) who -will be judge</i>; cf. the predicates described in § <a href= -"#p106">106</a>. <span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa kúra na -<span class="lineNum">30</span>sya ŋ maŋa maliliìt na -háreʾ</span> <i>the priests (who are) those (who are) -little kings</i>, i. e. <i>the priests, those veritable little -kings</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>142.</b> An object expression is frequently followed -by an entire predication of the type described in § <a href= -"#p113">113</a>, as conjunctive <a id="a165.34" name= -"a165.34"></a>attribute: <span lang="tl">Aŋ tagahúle ay isa -ŋ táo ŋ aŋ katuŋkúlan ay -humúle <span class="lineNum">35</span>naŋ ano màn o -síno màn.</span> <i>A catcher is a person (whose) duty is -to catch anything or anyone.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa -púno-ŋ-káhoy na masasaràp aŋ -búŋa</span> <i>trees (whose) fruits are tasty</i>; -<span lang="tl">isa ŋ táo ŋ malakì aŋ -kapaŋyaríhan</span> <i>a person (whose) power is -great</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e18954"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>2</i>)</span> <i>Conjunctive -attributes of manner</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p143" class="par first"><span class= -"lineNum">40</span><b>143.</b> Conjunctive attributes of manner precede -or follow. When they precede a predicate they stand as the first -orthotonic <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb166" href="#pb166" name= -"pb166">166</a>]</span>word and are immediately followed by enclitics -(such as an enclitic subject pronoun, § <a href="#p89">89</a>), -after which comes the <span lang="tl">na</span> or <span lang= -"tl">ŋ</span>, and <a id="a166.3" name="a166.3"></a>then the -central element of the predicate: <span lang="tl">Syà y -mabúte ŋ tumugtòg.</span> <i>She plays (music) -well.</i> This example illustrates the <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>identity of conjunctive attributes of manner and of -quality, for <span lang="tl">mabúte ŋ -tumugtòg</span> may be looked upon indifferently as a transient -predicate (§ <a href="#p92">92</a>) with <span lang= -"tl">mabúte</span> <i>well</i> as attribute of manner, or as an -indefinite object predicate (§ <a href="#p109">109</a>) <i>a good -player</i>, in which <span lang="tl">mabúte</span> <i>good</i> -is an attribute of quality. Other forms of the same <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>sentence are: <span lang="tl">Mabúti sya -ŋ tumugtòg.</span> (<span lang="tl">siyà</span> -enclitic), <span lang="tl">Syà y <a id="a166.11" name= -"a166.11"></a>tumugtòg na mabúti.</span> So further: -<span lang="tl">Isípin mo ŋ mabúti.</span> -<i>Consider it well.</i> Literally: <i>Be-considered by-you</i> -(<span lang="tl">mò</span> enclitic) <i>well</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Iyòn ay tùtúbo na mabúti.</span> <i>It -will grow well.</i> <span lang="tl">Silà y magkakasáma -ŋ nagsipamarìl.</span> <i>They as-companions</i> (i. e. -<i>in company</i>, <i>together</i>) <span class= -"lineNum">15</span><i>went hunting</i>. Or: <i>They were companion</i> -(quality) <i>hunters</i>. <a id="a166.16" name= -"a166.16"></a><span lang="tl">Madalí sya ŋ -tumakbò.</span> <i>Quickly he ran.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Talagà ŋ mahigpìt aŋ <a id="a166.17" name= -"a166.17"></a>tapòn naŋ bóte ŋ -iyàn.</span> <i>The stopper of that bottle is certainly -tight.</i> <span lang="tl">Mahigpìt</span> <i>tight</i>, as -central element of the predicate, is modified <a id="a166.19" name= -"a166.19"></a>by <span lang="tl">talagà</span> <i>fated</i>, -<i>by fate</i>, <i>by nature</i>, <i>certainly</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Putikà ŋ dumatìŋ <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>si Salamìn sa báhay.</span> -“<i>Mirror</i>” (as name of a dog) <i>came <a id="a166.21" -name="a166.21"></a>home all muddy</i>. Or: ... <i>was a muddy -comer</i>. <span lang="tl">Paputòl nya ŋ <a id="a166.22" -name="a166.22"></a>tinagàʾ aŋ bisìg ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>He cut Juan’s arm transversely.</i> -<span lang="tl">Kinalaykay <a id="a166.23" name="a166.23"></a>kò -ŋ patipòn aŋ maŋa saŋà ŋ -maliliìt naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>I raked into-a-heap -the twigs of-the trees.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>144.</b> A phrase of -more than one word usually follows that modified; frequently -<span lang="tl">na</span> is used instead of <span lang= -"tl">ŋ</span>: <span lang="tl">Nádala nyà na <a id= -"a166.27" name="a166.27"></a>hindí sinásadyàʾ -sa kanya ŋ pagalìs aŋ áki ŋ -páyoŋ.</span> <i>Was-taken by-him not intendedly in his -departing my umbrella</i>, i. e. <i>In leaving he inadvertently took my -umbrella</i>.</p> -<p id="p145" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>145.</b> The -numerative pronoun <span lang="tl">lahàt</span> is used as a -conjunctive attribute of manner in the sense of <i>entirely</i>, -<i>completely</i>. It follows that modified: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -maŋa lalagyàn ay pùnúa ŋ -lahàt.</span> <i>The containers are entirely full.</i></p> -<p id="p146" class="par"><b>146.</b> Expressions of indefinite quantity -as conjunctive attributes <span class="lineNum">35</span>of manner -follow: <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa táo ay -nagtakbúha ŋ walà <a id="a166.36" name= -"a166.36"></a>ŋ túto.</span> <i>The people all ran without -order, in disorder.</i></p> -<p id="p147" class="par"><b>147.</b> The particles <span lang= -"tl">lubhàʾ</span> <i>very</i> and <span lang= -"tl">láloʾ</span> <i>more</i> usually precede: <span lang= -"tl">Lubhà ŋ malakì aŋ gálit ni -Pédro.</span> <i>Pedro’s wrath was very great.</i> -<span lang="tl">Lálu ŋ lumakì aŋ kanya ŋ -gálit.</span> <i>His wrath grew still <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>greater.</i></p> -<p id="p148" class="par"><b>148.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">mulíʾ</span> <i>again</i> follows: <span lang= -"tl">Tátakbo sya ŋ mulìʾ.</span> <a id= -"a166.42" name="a166.42"></a><i>He will run again.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kamakalawà ay hindí na dáratiŋ -na mulèʾ.</span> <i>The day before yesterday will never -come again.</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb167" href="#pb167" -name="pb167">167</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p149" class="par"><b>149.</b> A conjunctive attribute of manner -may express the <a id="a167.2" name="a167.2"></a><i>time throughout -which</i>: <span lang="tl">Syà y naŋgupìt at -naŋáhit na maláo ŋ panahòn.</span> <i>He -did hair-cutting and shaving for a long time.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Silà y nagtítira na tatlu ŋ áraw.</span> -<i>They stay three days.</i> <span lang="tl">May ila ŋ -<span class="lineNum">5</span>bwà ŋ aŋ maŋa -útos ay mahihigpìt.</span> <i>For several months</i> -(literally: <i>having several months</i>, § <a href="#p69">69</a>, -end) <i>the orders were strict</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>150.</b> A word repeated as its own conjunctive -attribute of <a id="a167.8" name="a167.8"></a>manner expresses a high -degree (intensity): <span lang="tl">Sya y biŋì.</span> -<i>He is <a id="a167.9" name="a167.9"></a>deaf.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya -y biŋì ŋ biŋì.</span> <i>He is stone -deaf.</i> <span lang="tl">Inìt si Pédro.</span> <i>Pedro -<span class="lineNum">10</span>is hot, is angry.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Inìt na inìt si Pédro.</span> <i>Pedro is in -a rage.</i> <span lang="tl">líhim na líhim</span> <i>very -secretly</i>, <span lang="tl">malakì ŋ malakì</span> -<i>very large</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e19426"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>3</i>)</span> <i>Conjunctive -attributes as complements</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p151" class="par first"><b>151.</b> The general sphere of -conjunctive attribution includes cases where one element involves -another as result or content. The <span class="lineNum">15</span>latter -follows and is in many instances plainly viewed as the attribute. In -some instances, however, the former may just as well be looked upon as -a modifier, usually of quality, sometimes also of manner. The -transition from these latter types to that of the complement appears, -indeed, in all possible stages, and no <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>real boundary can be drawn. <span lang="tl">Sya y -mabúti ŋ tumugtòg (naŋ <a id="a167.21" name= -"a167.21"></a>piyáno).</span> <i>She is a good player (of the -piano)</i>, or <i>She plays (the piano) well</i>,—see § -<a href="#p143">143</a>—can be analyzed also: <i>She is good -that</i> (<i>she</i>, anaphoric subject omitted, § <a href= -"#p87">87</a>) <i>plays the piano</i>; and in some instances this last -analysis is the only possible one.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>Other examples -illustrating the merging of the three types <a id="a167.26" name= -"a167.26"></a>we have set up are the following: <span lang= -"tl">Malápit na siya ŋ makatápos <a id="a167.27" -name="a167.27"></a>naŋ karéra.</span> <i>He was already -near that (he) end his course</i>, i. e. <i>near ending his course</i>, -<i>almost through his course</i>; or: <i>a near <a id="a167.29" name= -"a167.29"></a>ender</i>, cf. <span lang="tl">isa ŋ báya -ŋ malápit</span> <i>a near-by town</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagmamarúnoŋ <a id="a167.30" name= -"a167.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>ni Hwàn ay -ginágawa ŋ katatawanàn naŋ maŋa -nakàkàkilála sa kanyà.</span> -<i>Juan’s pretending to be wise is made fun of by those who know -him</i>, literally: ... <i>is-being-made</i> (<span lang= -"tl">ginágawàʾ</span>) <i>that (it) is a -laughing-stock</i>, or else: ... <i>a being-made laughing-stock</i>. -Cf. <span lang="tl">aŋ gawì ŋ húkay</span> -<i>the to-be-made ditch</i>, i. e. <i>the ditch that is to be <a id= -"a167.35" name="a167.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>made</i>, -where only the quality interpretation is possible. <span lang= -"tl">Magtúlin ka ŋ lumákad.</span> <i>Walk -faster.</i> This can be interpreted as <i>Be a fast walker</i>, or -<i>Walk faster</i>, or <i>Be-quick that (you) walk</i>; and this last -interpretation comes nearest to the original in so far as <span lang= -"tl">magtúlin</span> is an active transient form used in -commands rather than an expression <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>suited to an idea of quality or of manner. -<span lang="tl">Sya y nagdàdahilà <a id="a167.41" name= -"a167.41"></a>ŋ may sakìt.</span> <i>He alleges that (he) -is sick.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagsakày <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb168" href="#pb168" name= -"pb168">168</a>]</span><a id="a168.1" name="a168.1"></a>sa -kabáyo ay hindí magaà ŋ -pagarálan.</span> <i>Riding horseback is not easy that (it) -be-learned</i>, i. e. <i>not easy to learn</i>, or: <i>not an easy -thing-to-be-learned</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ pinakamahúsay -na magsalitàʾ naŋ Latìn</span> <i>the best that -(he) should speak Latin</i>, or: <i>the best speaker of <a id="a168.5" -name="a168.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>Latin</i>; <span lang= -"tl">Hwag kà, Hwàn, pumásuk na -sekréta.</span> <i>Don’t go as a spy</i> (or <i>to be a -spy</i>), <i>Juan</i>. <span lang="tl">Ginawá nya si Hwàn -na barbéro naŋ háreʾ.</span> <i>Was-made by-him -Juan that (he) be barber of-the king</i>, <a id="a168.8" name= -"a168.8"></a>i. e. <i>He made Juan barber royal</i>. <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn ay pinamàmagatàn <a id="a168.9" name= -"a168.9"></a>naŋ marámi na isa ŋ doktò.</span> -<i>Juan is reputed by the people that <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>(he) is</i> (i. e. <i>as</i>) <i>a learned -man</i>.</p> -<p id="p152" class="par"><b>152.</b> The simplest cases are those where -both of the expressions connected by <span lang="tl">na, ŋ</span> -refer to the same person or thing, as in the above examples. The -following are less doubtful cases of <a id="a168.14" name= -"a168.14"></a>complement construction of this kind: <span lang= -"tl">Nagpùpumílit sya ŋ màtúto.</span> -<span class="lineNum">15</span><i>He strives to get educated.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn at si Maryà ay nagkásundo -<a id="a168.16" name="a168.16"></a>ŋ pakasàl.</span> -<i>Juan and Maria have agreed that they</i> (i. e. <i>to</i>) <i>get -married</i>. <span lang="tl">Inanyáhan silà ni -Hwàn na magpasyàl.</span> <i>They <a id="a168.18" name= -"a168.18"></a>were invited by Juan that they</i> (i. e. <i>to</i>) -<i>go walking</i>. <span lang="tl">Maári mo <a id="a168.19" -name="a168.19"></a>ŋà ŋ ihúlug sa koréyo -aŋ áki ŋ súlat?</span> <i>Can you please mail -my <span class="lineNum">20</span>letter?</i> Literally: <span lang= -"tl">maári ... ŋ ihúlug</span> <i>a possible -thing-to-be thrown</i> or <i>capable that (it) be thrown</i>. -<span lang="tl">Naàári akò ŋ malígo -makálawa maghápon.</span> <i>I am able that (I) bathe</i> -(i. e. <i>to bathe</i>) <i>twice <a id="a168.23" name="a168.23"></a>a -day</i>. <span lang="tl">Pinabayáan niya kamì ŋ -umalìs.</span> <i>We were permitted by him to depart.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hinantày nya ŋ matápus aŋ -mísa.</span> <i>The mass was-awaited <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>by-him that it end</i>, i. e. <i>He waited until the -mass was ended</i>. <span lang="tl">Anò aŋ gustu mu ŋ -sabíhin?</span> <i>What is desired by-you that (it) be-said?</i> -i. e. <i>What do you mean to say?</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko -gustò ŋ <a id="a168.28" name= -"a168.28"></a>màkatálo si Hwàn.</span> <i>Not -by-me desired that (he) be-opposed is Juan</i>, i. e. <i>I don’t -want Juan to be my opponent</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>153.</b> Clear cases -of the complement construction are those in which the two elements -connected refer to different persons or things: <span lang= -"tl">Nagyayá sya ŋ umuwèʾ.</span> <i>He advised -that</i> (<i>they</i>, anaphoric) <a id="a168.33" name= -"a168.33"></a><i>go home</i>. (<a href="#a34.12">34, -<sub>12</sub></a>.) <span lang="tl"><span class="corr" id="xd21e19870" -title="Source: An">Aŋ</span> pagkámasìd nya sa -láŋit ay syà ŋ <a id="a168.34" name= -"a168.34"></a>nagpakilála sa kanyà na -úulàn.</span> <i>His glance at the sky was what -<span class="lineNum">35</span>showed him that</i> (<i>it</i>, see -§ <a href="#p84">84</a>) <i>was going to rain</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>154.</b> When the former of the two elements is an -object expression (or similar element) the complement construction is -evident: <a id="a168.38" name="a168.38"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ -kaibigà ŋ màtúto</span> <i>the desire that -(he) get educated</i>, i. e. <i>the desire to get an education</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ pagkágusto nyà na kumáin -naŋ <span class="lineNum">40</span>nyòg</span> <i>his -desire that (he) should-eat cocoanuts</i>, i. e. <i>to eat</i>.... -<span lang="tl">Anu <a id="a168.41" name="a168.41"></a>ŋ -tagàl nya ŋ sumísid!</span> <i>What endurance of-him -that (he) stay under water!</i> i. e. <i>How long he stays under -water!</i> <span lang="tl">Ano ŋ hína mo ŋ -lumákad!</span> <i>What slowness of-you that (you) walk!</i> i. -e. <i>How <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb169" href="#pb169" name= -"pb169">169</a>]</span><a id="a169.1" name="a169.1"></a>slowly you -walk!</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ tagasulsè ay isa ŋ -babáye ŋ may katuŋkúla <a id="a169.2" name= -"a169.2"></a>ŋ manahìʾ o manulsè naŋ -maŋa púnit naŋ damìt.</span> <i>A darning-woman -is a woman having the duty that (she) patch or mend the small holes in -clothing</i>, i. e. ... <i>whose duty is to</i>....</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>155.</b> A further sign -that the speech-feeling envisages the complement construction as -different from the constructions of quality or manner appears when -enclitics follow the first word of the complement (i. e. of the second -of the connected elements) rather than the first word of the sentence: -this shows that the <span class="lineNum">10</span>complement is viewed -as a relatively independent element within the sentence: <span lang= -"tl">Maári ŋà ŋ ihúlug mo sa -koréyo aŋ áki ŋ súlat?</span> -<i>Should-be-capable that (it) be-thrown by-you into the mail</i> -(predicate) <i>my letter</i> (subject)? i. e. <i>Can you please mail my -letter?</i> Cf. under § <a href="#p152">152</a> above.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>156.</b> Very -frequently the complement is an entire predication: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ panukálaʾ na aŋ púnoʾ ay -tùtúboʾ</span> <i>the thought that the tree will -grow</i>; <span lang="tl">pagkátanaw nyà na -dumáratiŋ aŋ susòʾ</span> <i>(at the) -seeing by-him</i> i. e. <i>when he sees that the snail is arriving</i>; -<span lang="tl">aŋ áraw na kayò ay dápat -magsipagsísi</span> <i>the day that</i> (i. e. <i>when</i>) -<i>you ought <span class="lineNum">20</span>to repent</i>; <span lang= -"tl">Nagkàkapálad aŋ manùnúbok na -màkíta nya aŋ kúlam.</span> <i>The spier has -the good fortune that be-seen by-him the magic principle</i>, i. e. ... -<i>to see</i>....</p> -<p id="p157" class="par"><b>157.</b> A predication as complement is -often parallel with a disjunctive object modifier, i. e. with an object -expression used <span class="lineNum">25</span>as direct, instrumental, -or local object (§ <a href="#p184">184</a> ff.): <span lang= -"tl">Sya y nagsábi ŋ sya y marúnoŋ -gumupìt naŋ buhòk.</span> <i>He said that he knew -how to cut hair.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ bulàg ay -nagakála ŋ gawì ŋ katatawanàn aŋ -pagkahúlog naŋ kúbaʾ.</span> <i>The blindman -thought that the falling of the hunchback should be made</i> (sc. -<span lang="tl">niyà</span> <i>by-him</i>, anaphoric) <i>that -(it) <span class="lineNum">30</span>be a laughing-stock</i>, i. e. -<i>decided to make fun of the falling</i> ...; that which one says or -thinks, with <span lang="tl">sábi</span> and <span lang= -"tl">akálaʾ</span>, is also expressed as a direct -object.</p> -<p id="p158" class="par"><b>158.</b> Similarly, predications as -complements are, in impersonal constructions, parallel with a subject: -<span lang="tl">Sinábi nya ŋ sya y <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>marúnoŋ gumupìt naŋ -buhòk.</span> <i>Was-said by-him that he was able to cut -hair</i>, i. e. <i>He said he knew how to cut hair</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Hindí bihíraʾ na aŋ isa ŋ táo -y pamagatà ŋ -médiko-ŋ-maŋkukúlam.</span> <i>It is not rare -that a man is reputed as a witch-doctor.</i> Cf. the example of -predication as subject in § <a href="#p116">116</a>. <span lang= -"tl">Hinilìŋ nya sa uŋgòʾ na -dikdikìn <span class="lineNum">40</span>sya sa -lusòŋ.</span> <i>It was begged by him of the monkey that he -be brayed in the mortar</i>, i. e. <i>He begged the monkey to bray him -in <a id="a169.42" name="a169.42"></a>the mortar.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinabayáan niya na kamì y umalìs.</span> -<i>It was allowed by him that we depart</i>, i. e. <i>He allowed us to -depart</i>, a less usual <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb170" href= -"#pb170" name="pb170">170</a>]</span>form than that in § <a href= -"#p152">152</a>. <span lang="tl">Totoo ŋá na akò y -naparoòn sa Balíwag.</span> <i>It is true that I went to -Baliwag.</i> <span lang="tl">Maàári pú ba ŋ -kayò y maghintòʾ?</span> <a id="a170.3" name= -"a170.3"></a><i>Will it be possible please that you should stop?</i> i. -e. <i>Can <a id="a170.4" name="a170.4"></a>you please stop?</i> -<span lang="tl">Inísip nya ŋ magnákaw sa isa ŋ -tindáhan.</span> <i>It <span class="lineNum">5</span>was planned -by him that (he) rob a shop</i>, i. e. <i>He planned to....</i> -<span lang="tl">Iniyútus nya ŋ humúkay.</span> <i>It -was ordered by him that</i> (<i>one</i>, see § <a href= -"#p86">86</a>) <i>should dig</i>, i. e. <i>He ordered people to -dig</i>. <span lang="tl">Hindí mo gustò ŋ -màhúle ka.</span> <i>Not by-you it-is-desired that you -be-caught</i>, i. e. <i>You don’t want to be caught</i>.</p> -<p id="p159" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>159.</b> A -direct quotation may have the same construction as a predication: -<span lang="tl">Sinábi nya ŋ -“Bámos!”</span> <i>It-was-said by-him, namely -“Vamos!”</i> i. e. <i>He said “Vamos!”</i></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.3.b"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>b.</i></span> <i>Disjunctive -attributes.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>160.</b> Only object expressions are used as -disjunctive attributes, <span class="lineNum">15</span>and all object -expressions have a special form for this use.</p> -<p id="p161" class="par"><b>161.</b> Those beginning with <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span> substitute for this particle the atonic particle -<span lang="tl">naŋ</span>: <span lang="tl">aŋ púno -naŋ uŋgòʾ</span> <i>the tree of the monkey</i>, -<span lang="tl">aŋ laruwàn naŋ báta ŋ si -Hwàn</span> <i>the toy of the boy Juan</i>; <i>little -Juan’s toy, toys</i>.</p> -<p id="p162" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>162.</b> -Those beginning with si (§§ <a href="#p59">59</a>. 126) -substitute for this the atonic particle <span lang="tl">ni</span>; -those beginning with <span lang="tl">sinà</span> (or <span lang= -"tl">silà</span>, § <a href="#p60">60</a>) substitute -<span lang="tl">nilà</span> (or <span lang= -"tl">ninà</span>), pretonic: <span lang="tl">aŋ amà -ni Hwàn</span> <i>Juan’s father</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ báhay nila Hwàn</span> <i>the house of Juan -and his family</i>.</p> -<p id="p163" class="par"><b>163.</b> The personal pronouns as -disjunctive attributes take <span class="lineNum">25</span>the -following forms: <span lang="tl">kò</span> <i>my</i>, -<span lang="tl">nità</span> <i>of us two</i>, <span lang= -"tl">nátin</span> <i>our</i> (inclusive), <span lang= -"tl">námin</span> <i>our</i> (exclusive); <span lang= -"tl">mò</span> <i>thy</i>, <span lang= -"tl">niniyò<span class="corr" id="xd21e20437" title= -"Not in source">,</span> ninyò</span> <i>your</i>; <span lang= -"tl">niyà, nyà</span> <i>his</i>, <i>her</i>, <span lang= -"tl">nilà</span> <i>their</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The monosyllabic forms <span lang="tl">kò</span> -and <span lang="tl">mò</span> are always enclitic, the others -usually: <span lang="tl">Hindí ko -nàlàláman.</span> <i>I don’t know</i>, -literally: <i>Not <span class="lineNum">30</span>by-me (it) -is-known</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ báhay nya</span> <i>his, -her house</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ mahahába nya ŋ -paà</span> <i>his long legs</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -hindí karanyúwa ŋ talíno nyà</span> -<i>his unusual talents</i> (<span lang="tl">niyà</span> not -enclitic).</p> -<p class="par"><b>164.</b> When these enclitics meet an enclitic -subject, they precede, unless by the general rule (§ <a href= -"#p47">47</a>) the monosyllabic subject <span class= -"lineNum">35</span><span lang="tl">kà</span> precedes a -disyllabic disjunctive (including <span lang="tl">niyà, -nyà</span>): <span lang="tl">Saàn mo sya -nàkíta?</span> <i>Where by-you he was-seen?</i> i. e. -<i>Where did you see him?</i> <span lang="tl">Binigyàn nya -akò naŋ aklàt.</span> <i>Was-given by-him I a -book</i>, i. e. <i>He gave me a book</i>. <span lang="tl">Baká -mo iyàn màbúlag.</span> <i>Perhaps by-you it -might-be-blinded</i>, i. e. <i>See that you don’t blind it</i>. -<span lang="tl">Hindí ka <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>námin dinatnàn.</span> <i>Not you -by-us were found-there</i>, i. e. <i>We did not find you in</i>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb171" href="#pb171" name= -"pb171">171</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p165" class="par"><b>165.</b> The personal pronouns have another -form, which is used as a conjunctive attribute of quality (cf. § -<a href="#p124">124</a>, end) and always precedes that modified: its -meaning, however, is the same as that <a id="a171.4" name= -"a171.4"></a>of the disjunctive forms just given. These -<i>prepositive</i> forms are: <span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang= -"tl">ákin</span> <i>my</i>, <span lang="tl">kanità</span> -<i>thy and my</i>, <span lang="tl">átin</span> <i>our</i> -(inclusive), <span lang="tl">ámin</span> <i>our</i> (exclusive); -<span lang="tl">iyò</span> <i>thy</i>, <span lang= -"tl">iniyò, inyò</span> <i>your</i>; <span lang= -"tl">kaniyà, kanyà</span> <i>his</i>, <i>her</i>, -<span lang="tl">kanilà</span> <i>their</i>, <span lang= -"tl">kaní-kanilà</span> <i>their respective</i>, -<i>several</i>, <i>various</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Examples: <span lang="tl">Anò aŋ iyo ŋ -ŋálan?</span> <i>What is your name?</i> or: <span lang= -"tl">Anò aŋ ŋálan mo?</span> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ áki ŋ amà</span> <i>my father</i>, or: -<span lang="tl">aŋ ama kò</span>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -<span class="lineNum">10</span>kanya ŋ báhay</span> <i>his, -her house</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ kanyà ŋ -mahahába ŋ paà</span> <i>his long legs</i>, -<span lang="tl">aŋ kanità ŋ kwaltà</span> -<i>our money</i> (i. e. <i>thine and mine</i>), <span lang="tl">aŋ -kaní-kanilà ŋ báhay</span> <i>their several -houses</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Only a demonstrative pronoun modifier precedes these -prepositive forms: <span lang="tl">iyà ŋ iyo ŋ -sambalílo ŋ lúmaʾ</span> <i>that old hat of -<span class="lineNum">15</span>yours</i>. Exceptions are rare: -<span lang="tl">aŋ karanyúwa ŋ kanila ŋ -kantahìn</span> <i>their usual song</i>; <i>what they usually -sing</i>.</p> -<p id="p166" class="par"><b>166.</b> The demonstrative pronouns, -whether standing alone (§ <a href="#p64">64</a>) or as modifiers -at the beginning of an object expression (§ <a href= -"#p130">130</a>), have the following disjunctive forms: <span lang= -"tl">nirè</span> <i>of this</i> (right <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>here), <span lang="tl">nitò</span> <i>of -this</i>, <span lang="tl">niyàn, nyàn</span> <i>of -that</i>, <span lang="tl">niyòn, nyòn, noòn</span> -<i>of that</i> <a id="a171.21" name="a171.21"></a>(over there). -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kúlay nirì ŋ korbáta -ŋ irè ay nàpàpagítan sa itèm at -sa pulà.</span> <i>The color of this necktie (I have on) is -between black and red.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ dúlo -nitò</span> <i>the end of this</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -anàk niyòn</span> <i>that one’s child</i> (e. g. -with pointing gesture), <span lang="tl">aŋ báhay niyo -ŋ táo ŋ <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>yaòn</span> <i>the house of that man over -there</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ anàk noo ŋ táo -ŋ iyòn</span> <i>the child of that man over there</i>. The -form <span lang="tl">noòn</span> is used chiefly when the -disjunctive attribute expresses time (§ <a href= -"#p192">192</a>).</p> -<p id="p167" class="par"><b>167.</b> The interrogative pronoun -<span lang="tl">síno</span>, whether used alone or standing -first in an object expression as attribute (§ <a href= -"#p131">131</a>), has <span class="lineNum">30</span>the disjunctive -form <span lang="tl">níno</span> <i>whose?</i> This form, -however, is little used, for, while the interrogative pronoun is -usually emphatic and tends to come first (§ <a href= -"#p96">96</a>), a disjunctive attribute follows that modified (§ -<a href="#p171">171</a>). Hence the form <span lang= -"tl">níno</span> is used only under peculiar conditions of -emphasis: <span lang="tl">Aŋ sambalílo níno?</span> -<i>Whose hat (did you <span class="lineNum">35</span>say)?</i> -<span lang="tl">Ibinigày sa iyò níno?</span> -<i>Given to you by whom?</i> <span lang="tl">Sinábi sa iyo -níno?</span> <i>Told to you by whom?</i></p> -<p id="p168" class="par"><b>168.</b> Instead of <span lang= -"tl">níno</span> a prepositive form, <span lang= -"tl">kaníno</span>, explicit plural <span lang= -"tl">kaní-kaníno</span>, is ordinarily used; like the -prepositive forms of the personal pronouns it stands in conjunctive -attribution and <span class="lineNum">40</span>precedes that modified. -Before it the use of <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> is optional -(§§ <a href="#p65">65</a>.<a href="#p131">131</a>); when -<span lang="tl">aŋ</span> is used the expression is more definite: -<span lang="tl">Kaníno ŋ sambalílo?</span> <i>Whose -hat?</i> (the ownership of a given hat is inquired <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb172" href="#pb172" name= -"pb172">172</a>]</span>after) <span lang="tl">Aŋ kaníno -ŋ sambalílo?</span> <i>Whose hat?</i> (the ownership of -each hat is known; the question asks merely which of them is involved) -<span lang="tl">Kaníno ŋ aklàt iyàn?</span> -<i>Whose book have you there?</i></p> -<p id="p169" class="par"><b>169.</b> The prepositive forms of the -personal pronouns and of <span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang= -"tl">síno</span> are used also as static predicates expressing -possession: <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a172.6" name= -"a172.6"></a>librò ŋ binàbása mo -kahápon ay ákin.</span> <i>The book you were reading last -night is mine.</i> <span lang="tl">Kaníno aŋ aklàt -na iyàn?</span> <i>Whose is that book?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Kaní-kaníno aŋ maŋa báhay na -itò?</span> <i>Whose are these houses?</i> The personal pronouns -may be followed by <span lang="tl">saríle</span> <i>own</i> (cf. -§ <a href="#p137">137</a>): <span lang="tl">Aŋ <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>laruwà ŋ itò y áki ŋ -saríle.</span> <i>This toy is my own.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>170.</b> All other expressions which lack <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span>,—that is, the remaining interrogative -pronouns, the numerative pronouns, the cardinal numerals, and object -expressions in which these as modifiers stand first (§ <a href= -"#p131">131</a> ff.),—prefix <span lang="tl">naŋ</span>, -atonic, when used as disjunctive <a id="a172.15" name= -"a172.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>attributes: <span lang= -"tl">Sa itaàs naŋ anò?</span> <i>On top of what?</i> -<span lang="tl">Takìp naŋ alì ŋ kahòn -itò?</span> <i>Of which box is this the cover?</i> <span lang= -"tl"><span class="corr" id="xd21e21089" title= -"Source: an">aŋ</span> panukálà naŋ -karamíhan</span> <i>the opinion of the majority</i>; <span lang= -"tl">Nakàkíta akò naŋ isa ŋ -táo.</span> <i>I saw a man.</i></p> -<p id="p171" class="par"><b>171.</b> All disjunctive attributes are -closely joined and follow <span class="lineNum">20</span>that which -they modify. The only exceptions are the enclitic pronoun forms and -expressions of time (§ <a href="#p192">192</a>). A disjunctive -attribute precedes a subject: <span lang="tl">Binigyàn nya -naŋ aklàt si Hwàn.</span> <i>He gave Juan some -books.</i> When the subject is enclitic, it of course precedes: -<span lang="tl">Binigyàn nya si Hwàn naŋ -aklàt.</span> Real exceptions, in <a id="a172.25" name= -"a172.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>which a non-enclitic -subject precedes a disjunctive attribute, are <a id="a172.26" name= -"a172.26"></a>not common: <span lang= -"tl">Ipinakìkipagpútol ni Hwàn si Pédro -naŋ labòŋ.</span> <i>Juan is asking someone to cut -some bamboo-shoots for Pedro.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>172.</b> In meaning disjunctive attribution includes -almost all cases in which an object element is viewed as the attribute -of another <span class="lineNum">30</span>element in the sentence. The -only exception is the sphere of relations expressed by local -attribution (§ <a href="#p195">195</a> ff.). The meanings may, -very roughly, be divided into seven groups: (1) -<i>possessive-partitive</i>, (2) <i>agent</i>, (3) <i>direct -object</i>, (4) <i>instrumental object</i>, (5) <i>local object</i>, -(6) <i>manner</i>, (7) <i>time</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>173.</b> (1) -<i>Possessive-partitive</i> modifier: <span lang="tl">aŋ kanya -ŋ báhay, aŋ báhay nya</span> <i>his house</i>, -<span lang="tl">aŋ púno naŋ -uŋgòʾ</span> <i>the tree of the monkey</i>, -<span lang="tl">aŋ púno naŋ káhoy</span> <i>the -tree</i> (literally <i>head of wood</i>), <span lang="tl">aŋ -púno naŋ ságiŋ</span> <i>the banana-tree</i>, -<span lang="tl">Sa itaàs naŋ anò?</span> <i>On top -of what?</i> <a id="a172.39" name="a172.39"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nasúnog aŋ kalahátì naŋ -púnoʾ.</span> <i>Half of the tree got burned up.</i> <a id= -"a172.40" name="a172.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ báyad sa útaŋ ni Pédro ay -lábis naŋ dalawà ŋ píso.</span> <i>The -payment made to settle Pedro’s debt is too great by two -pesos.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ óras naŋ -alaskwátro</span> <i>the hour of four o’clock</i>, -<span lang="tl">Isà ŋ sundálo ŋ <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb173" href="#pb173" name= -"pb173">173</a>]</span>marúnuŋ naŋ -Latìn.</span> <i>A soldier who knew Latin</i>, literally: -<i>having-knowledge of Latin</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ sáko -naŋ pálay</span> <i>a rice-sack</i> (cf. § <a href= -"#p127">127</a>), <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a173.3" name= -"a173.3"></a>larú naŋ baráha</span> <i>a game of -cards</i>, cf. <span lang="tl">aŋ larò ŋ -taguàn</span> (§ <a href="#p127">127</a>) <i>a game -consisting of hiding</i>, <i>hide-and-seek</i>, <span lang= -"tl"><span class="corr" id="xd21e21318" title= -"Source: an">aŋ</span> katapusàn naŋ -gabì</span> <span class="lineNum">5</span><i>the end of the -night</i>; cf. <span lang="tl">aŋ katapusà ŋ -gabì</span> <i>the night which was the end</i>, <i>the last -night</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ ilà ŋ sandalì -naŋ pagsasàlitáan</span> <i>a few moments of the -conversation</i>; cf. <span lang="tl">aŋ ilà ŋ -sandalì ŋ pagsasàlitáan</span> <i>a few -moments (which consisted) of conversation</i>. Note: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ báyan <a id="a173.9" name="a173.9"></a>naŋ -Balíwag</span> <i>the town of Baliwag</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ provìnsya naŋ Pampànga</span> -<span class="lineNum">10</span><i>the province of Pampanga</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>174.</b> The pronoun <span lang= -"tl">lahàt</span> as an object expression is followed by this -kind of attribute: <span lang="tl">lahàt naŋ -táo</span> <i>all (of) the people</i>.</p> -<p id="p175" class="par"><b>175.</b> As an object expression -<span lang="tl">saríle</span> <i>self</i> is modified by -disjunctive pronouns: <span lang="tl">aŋ kanyà ŋ -saríle</span> <i>his self</i>. Similarly <span lang= -"tl">saríle</span> as <span class="lineNum">15</span>conjunctive -attribute, in the sense of <i>own</i>: <span lang="tl">Walá sya -ŋ baìt sa kanya ŋ saríli.</span> <i>He does not -do even himself any good.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ saríle -nila ŋ bànda naŋ músika</span> <i>their own -band of music</i>; <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ saríli -ŋ barìl aŋ kanya ŋ ginámit.</span> <i>It -was his own gun he used</i>, <i>What he used was his own gun</i>. Cf. -§§ <a href="#p137">137</a> and <a href="#p169">169</a>, -end.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>176.</b> The modifier -may be an entire predication: <span lang="tl">sa lugàr naŋ -magkasirá silà</span> <i>in place of the (occurrence -that) they should become enemies</i>, i. e. <i>instead of their -becoming enemies</i>.</p> -<p id="p177" class="par"><b>177.</b> Here belongs further the -disjunctive attribute with words expressing association, companionship, -or equality: <span lang="tl">Si <a id="a173.25" name= -"a173.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>Hwána ay -siyà ŋ kabùlúŋan ni Maryà.</span> -<i>Juana is the one with <a id="a173.26" name="a173.26"></a>whom Maria -is whispering.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ mésa ŋ -itò ay kasiŋkúlay naŋ kahòn.</span> -<i>This table is of the same color as the chest.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn ay <a id="a173.28" name="a173.28"></a>kapantày ni -Pédro.</span> <i>Juan is of the same height as Pedro.</i> -<span lang="tl">Kalákip naŋ súlat ko ŋ -itò ay limà ŋ píso.</span> <i>Enclosed with -this my letter are <span class="lineNum">30</span>five pesos.</i> -<span lang="tl">gáya ko</span> <i>like me</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>178.</b> Similar is the use of a disjunctive modifier -expressing one of the objects, with expressions involving dual or -plural ideas: <span lang="tl">silà ni Maryà</span> -<i>they with Maria</i>, i. e. <i>Maria and he</i> (<a href= -"#a88.42">88,<sub>42</sub></a>), <span lang="tl">silà ŋ -dalawà ni Maryà</span> (<a href= -"#a92.17">92,<sub>17</sub></a>).</p> -<p id="p179" class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>179.</b> -Here belongs the disjunctive attribute in exclamatory sentences -expressing the high degree of a quality; these are formed with -<span lang="tl">anò</span> (§ <a href="#p131">131</a>) and -with words with prefix <span lang="tl">ka-</span> (§ <a href= -"#p76">76</a>): <span lang="tl">Ano ŋ hína mo!</span> -<i>What weakness of-you!</i> i. e. <i>How weak you are!</i> <span lang= -"tl">Anu <a id="a173.39" name="a173.39"></a>ŋ luwàt -naŋ hindí nya pagdatìŋ!</span> <i>What duration -of his not arriving!</i> <a id="a173.40" name= -"a173.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>i. e. <i>How long he is -getting here!</i> <span lang="tl">Kapulà naŋ panyo ŋ -iyòn!</span> <i>What-great-redness of that handkerchief!</i> i. -e. <i>How red that handkerchief <a id="a173.42" name= -"a173.42"></a>is!</i> <span lang="tl">Karúnoŋ naŋ -báta ŋ si Hwàn!</span> <i>How much little -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb174" href="#pb174" name= -"pb174">174</a>]</span><a id="a174.1" name="a174.1"></a>Juan knows!</i> -<span lang="tl">Kaytipìd na bátaʾ ni -Hwàn!</span> <i>How-saving a child of Juan!</i> i. e. <i>What an -economical boy Juan is!</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>180.</b> In the preceding and related constructions -the attribute <a id="a174.4" name="a174.4"></a>may be an entire -predication: <span lang="tl">Kamuntí naŋ -màtamaàn aŋ bátaʾ!</span> <span class= -"lineNum">5</span><i>What-little-lack of the (occurrence that) the -child should-be-hit!</i> <a id="a174.6" name="a174.6"></a>i. e. <i>How -near the child came to being hit!</i> <span lang="tl">Muntí -naŋ máliguwak <a id="a174.7" name="a174.7"></a>aŋ dala -nyà ŋ pulòt.</span> <i>Little-wanting of-the -(occurrence that) should-be-spilled the borne by-him honey</i>, i. e. -<i>The honey he was carrying came near being spilled</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>181.</b> (2) A -disjunctive attribute expressing the <i>agent</i> corresponds in sense -to the subject of an active transient predicate. When it modifies a -transient word, the corresponding active can be formed: <span lang= -"tl">Sinúlat nya aŋ líham.</span> <i>He wrote the -letter</i>; literally: <i>Was-written by-him</i> (agent) <i>the -letter</i>. <span lang="tl">Isinúlat nya aŋ -kwènto.</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>He wrote down -the story.</i> <span lang="tl">Sinulátan nya akò.</span> -<i>He wrote to me.</i> The corresponding active is: <span lang= -"tl">Syà y sumúlat....</span> <i>He wrote....</i> Cf. -§ <a href="#p92">92</a>. So further: <span lang= -"tl">Pinútol nya aŋ káhoy.</span> <i>The wood was -cut by him</i>; active: <span lang="tl">Syà y pumútol -naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>He cut some wood.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Kinúha nya aŋ librò.</span> <i>The book was -taken by him</i>; active: <span lang="tl">Syà <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>y kumúha naŋ librò.</span> <i>He -took some book.</i> <span lang="tl">Áki ŋ binitíwan -aŋ bóte.</span> <i>By-me was-let-go-of the bottle</i>, i. -e. <i>I let go of the bottle</i>; <a id="a174.22" name= -"a174.22"></a>active: <span lang="tl">Bumitìw -akò....</span> <span lang="tl">Aŋ hiniràm nya ŋ -kampìt ay iyo ŋ kúnin.</span> <i>The borrowed -by-him</i> (agent) <i>kitchen-knife by-you</i> (agent) <i>is to be -taken</i>, i. e. <i>Take the kitchen-knife he borrowed</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>When the word modified is -not transient no clear line can be drawn between disjunctive attributes -of agent and of possessor: <span lang="tl">aŋ kanyà ŋ -pagdatìŋ</span> <i>his arrival</i>, <i>his arriving</i>, -or: <i>the arriving by him</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ gámit -nya ŋ librò</span> <i>the book used by him</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ <a id="a174.29" name="a174.29"></a>paupó ni -Hwà ŋ sùgálan</span> <i>the gambling-party -invited by Juan</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>dala nyà ŋ pulòt</span> <i>the -honey he is</i> or <i>was carrying</i>, <span lang="tl">Aŋ -larò ŋ taguàn ay gustò naŋ maŋa -bátaʾ.</span> <i>The game of hide-and-seek is liked by -children.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko gustò aŋ -<span class="corr" id="xd21e21877" title= -"Source: libro">librò</span> ŋ itò; ibà -aŋ áki ŋ gustò.</span> <i>I don’t want -this book; it is a different one I want.</i></p> -<p id="p182" class="par"><b>182.</b> When disjunctive agent is the -speaker (<span lang="tl">kò</span> <i>by me</i> <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>or its substitute <span lang="tl">áki -ŋ</span>) and the subject is the person addressed (<span lang= -"tl">ikàw, kà</span> <i>thou</i>), the pronoun -<span lang="tl">kità</span> usually takes the place of both. -<a id="a174.37" name="a174.37"></a>This is the commoner value of -<span lang="tl">kità</span> (cf. § <a href="#p63">63</a>): -<span lang="tl">Sùsuŋaŋáin kità.</span> -<i>I’ll smash your face</i>; the subject of this direct passive -expression is the person addressed, the agent the speaker: <span lang= -"tl">Ikàw ay áki ŋ <a id="a174.40" name= -"a174.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>sùsuŋaŋáin</span> would be -an unidiomatic equivalent. <span lang="tl">Ipaglálaba -kità naŋ damìt.</span> <i>I shall wash your clothes -for you.</i> The predicate is instrumental passive, with <i>you</i>, -the person for whom, as subject. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb175" -href="#pb175" name="pb175">175</a>]</span><a id="a175.1" name= -"a175.1"></a><span lang="tl">Hàhatdan kità naŋ -gátas.</span> <i>I shall deliver milk to you</i>; local -passive.</p> -<p class="par">Occasionally the agent is redundantly added: <span lang= -"tl">Kità ay áki ŋ parùrusáhan.</span> -<i>I shall punish you.</i></p> -<p id="p183" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>183.</b> A -disjunctive agent is used with the words expressing recent completion -of an act with prefix <span lang="tl">ka-</span> and reduplication: -(§ <a href="#p77">77</a>): <span lang="tl">Karáratiŋ -ko pa lámaŋ!</span> <i>I have only just arrived.</i> -<span lang="tl">Kakàkáin <a id="a175.8" name= -"a175.8"></a>ko pa lámaŋ!</span> <i>I have only just -finished eating.</i></p> -<p id="p184" class="par"><a id="a175.9" name="a175.9"></a><b>184.</b> -(3) A disjunctive attribute expressing the <i>direct object</i> -<span class="lineNum">10</span>corresponds to the subject of a direct -passive transient predicate: <span lang="tl">Sya y kumáin -naŋ kánin.</span> <i>He ate some boiled rice.</i> Passive: -<span lang="tl">Kináin nya aŋ kánin.</span> -<i>Was-eaten by-him the boiled rice</i>, i. e. <i>He ate the boiled -rice</i>.</p> -<p class="par">It will be seen that when the direct object is definite -it is <span class="lineNum">15</span>more likely to serve as subject of -a passive predicate (§ <a href="#p94">94</a>); hence the -disjunctive attribute expressing a direct object has often an -indefinite partitive value. <span lang="tl">Syà y sumúlat -naŋ líham.</span> <i>He wrote some letters.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Syà y pumútol naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>He -cut some wood.</i> <span lang="tl">Bigyàn mo akò -niyà ŋ túbig.</span> <i>Give me some of that -water.</i> <span lang="tl">Katátagpi <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>ko niyòn!</span> <i>I have just finished -mending that!</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y naghintày naŋ -sàsabíhin naŋ sundálo.</span> <i>He awaited -that which was going to be said by the soldier.</i></p> -<p id="p185" class="par"><b>185.</b> (4) A disjunctive attribute -expressing the <i>instrument</i> corresponds to the subject of an -instrumental passive transient <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>predicate: <span lang="tl">Syà y -sumúlat naŋ kwènto.</span> <i>He wrote down a story, -stories.</i> Passive: <span lang="tl">Isinúlat nya aŋ -kwènto.</span> <i>Was-written-down by-him the story</i>, i. e. -<i>He wrote down the story</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The indefinite value of the disjunctive attribute is -here due to the same relation as in the preceding type. <span lang= -"tl">Pinútol nya naŋ <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>gúlok aŋ káhoy.</span> <i>The -wood was cut by him with a bolo</i>; instrumental <a id="a175.31" name= -"a175.31"></a>passive: <span lang="tl">Ipinútol nya naŋ -káhoy aŋ gúlok.</span> <i>Was-used-for-cutting -by-him of wood the bolo</i>, i. e. <i>He cut wood with the bolo</i>. -<span lang="tl">Binigyàn nya akò naŋ -aklàt.</span> <i>He gave me a book.</i></p> -<p id="p186" class="par"><b>186.</b> So a direct quotation or an entire -predication: <span lang="tl">Aŋ <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>bulàg ay sumigàw naŋ -“Tatlò!”</span> <i>The blindman shouted -“Three!”</i>; passive: <span lang="tl">Isinigàw -naŋ bulàg aŋ “Tatlò!”</span> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ báwat isa sa kanilà ay -sumagòt naŋ súŋay aŋ kanila ŋ -nàkìkíta.</span> <i>Each one answered that horns -were what they saw.</i></p> -<p id="p187" class="par"><b>187.</b> (5) Disjunctive attributes of -<i>place</i> correspond to the <span class="lineNum">40</span>subject -of a local passive transient predication: <span lang="tl">Syà y -pumanhìk <a id="a175.41" name="a175.41"></a>naŋ -báhay.</span> <i>He entered a house</i>; passive: <span lang= -"tl">Pinanhikàn nya aŋ báhay.</span> <i>He entered -the house.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagòŋ ay -nagumpisà naŋ pagsisigàw.</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb176" href="#pb176" name= -"pb176">176</a>]</span><i>The turtle began (a) shouting</i>; passive: -<span lang="tl">Inumpisahàn naŋ pagòŋ aŋ -pagsisigàw.</span></p> -<p class="par">These attributes are in meaning rather close to local -attributes (§ <a href="#p203">203</a>); as opposed to the latter -they are, however, the <span class="lineNum">5</span>real -correspondents of the subject of a local passive transient predication, -expressing a real participation of the object in the action or -occurrence,—whereas the local attributes express the place of the -action as something more or less unaffected and independent.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>188.</b> (6) -Disjunctive attributes of <i>manner</i> do not correspond to any kind -of subject. When they are used with a transient word the sentence may, -however, be reversed so as to make of the attribute a transient -predicate of a sentence in which the action (as subject) is spoken of -as being “made such and such”. <span class= -"lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">Tumakbò sya naŋ -matúlin.</span> <i>He ran fast.</i> The words <span lang= -"tl">naŋ matúlin</span> are the disjunctive form of an -object expression, <span lang="tl">aŋ matúlin,</span> which -would resemble German <i lang="de">das schnelle</i>. Our sentence -corresponds to<a id="xd21e22307" name="xd21e22307"></a>: <span lang= -"tl">Tinulínan nya aŋ pagtakbò.</span> -<i>Was-made-fast by-him his running</i>, <i>He ran fast</i>. -<span lang="tl">Syà y tumáwa naŋ -malakàs.</span> <i>He <span class="lineNum">20</span>laughed -aloud</i>, cf. <span lang="tl">Inilakas nyà aŋ -pagtáwa.</span> <i>He made his laughing loud.</i> <span lang= -"tl">... mànákaw naŋ hindí nito -nàlàláman</span> <i>should be stolen in the manner -of not by-him known</i>, i. e. <i>should be stolen without his knowing -it</i>. <span lang="tl">mataàs naŋ -kauntèʾ</span> <i>higher by a little</i>, <i>a little -higher</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>189.</b> Expressions -of indefinite quantity are used in this way: <span lang= -"tl">Silà y nagtakbúhan naŋ wala ŋ -hintòʾ.</span> <i>They ran without stopping.</i> This -construction is in rivalry with that of conjunctive attribution (§ -<a href="#p146">146</a>).</p> -<p id="p190" class="par"><b>190.</b> The demonstrative pronouns and the -interrogative pronoun <span class="lineNum">30</span><span lang= -"tl">anò</span> are not used as attributes of manner; for this -value they have separate derivatives: <span lang="tl">ganitò, -ganiyàn, gayòn</span> or <span lang= -"tl">ganoòn</span>, and <span lang="tl">gaáno</span> or -<span lang="tl">gáno</span>. These forms, moreover, occur also -as static predicates and as conjunctive attributes of quality: -<span lang="tl">aŋ báwat sumagòt naŋ -ganitò</span> <i>every one who answered in this way</i>; this -could be <a id="a176.35" name="a176.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>viewed also as an instrumental object. <span lang= -"tl">Ganitò aŋ kalàgáyan nilà.</span> -<i>Their condition was like this.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -ganitò ŋ maŋa paglalaròʾ</span> <i>such -games as this</i>; <span lang="tl">Ganyàn ba lámaŋ -aŋ kínis mo?</span> <i>Is your skill merely <a id="a176.38" -name="a176.38"></a>like that?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakàsúlat akò kay Hwàn naŋ -gayòn dahilàn sa malakì <a id="a176.39" name= -"a176.39"></a>ko ŋ pagkagálit.</span> <i>I came to write -like that</i> (or <i>such things</i>, cf. <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>instrumental object) <i>to Juan through my great -anger</i>. <span lang="tl">Ganoòn <a id="a176.41" name= -"a176.41"></a>aŋ áki ŋ -pagkárinìg.</span> <i>That was the way</i> (i. e. <i>the -form in which</i>) <i>I heard the thing</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -gayù ŋ pananalitàʾ</span> <i>that manner of -speaking</i>, <i>that expression</i>. <span lang="tl">gánu -ŋ pagpílit?</span> <i>how much effort?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Gaáno <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb177" href="#pb177" -name="pb177">177</a>]</span>aŋ pagkakagalìt nila?</span> -<i>How great, how serious is their quarrel?</i> (Cf. § <a href= -"#p96">96</a>).</p> -<p id="p191" class="par"><b>191.</b> A special case of the disjunctive -attribute of manner is the repetition of a word as its own disjunctive -modifier, expressing <span class="lineNum">5</span>continuity or -insistence of action: <span lang="tl">Humábà naŋ -humábaʾ.</span> <i>It grew longer and longer.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kanila ŋ báon ay umuntí -naŋ umuntìʾ.</span> <i>Their provisions grew less and -less.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay <a id="a177.8" name= -"a177.8"></a>táwa naŋ táwa.</span> <i>Juan laughs -and laughs.</i> <span lang="tl">Bilì naŋ bilì si -Hwàn naŋ pálay.</span> <i>Juan keeps buying -rice.</i></p> -<p id="p192" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>192.</b> (7) -Disjunctive attributes of <i>time</i> express the <i>time when</i> of -an occurrence in the past. They differ from other disjunctive -attributes in being often loosely joined, in which case they may -precede. <span lang="tl">Pumaroòn sila naŋ -hápon.</span> <i>They went there in the afternoon.</i> So: -<span lang="tl">naŋ umága</span> <i>in the morning</i>, -<span lang="tl">noò ŋ tagáraw <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>(naŋ taò ŋ -míle-nobisyèntos-dòs)</span> <i>in the summer (of -the year <a id="a177.16" name="a177.16"></a>1902)</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Naŋ umulàn ay ginámit ko aŋ -kapóte.</span> <i>When it rained I <a id="a177.17" name= -"a177.17"></a>used my rain-coat.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàlákad sina Pédro naŋ hindì -óras.</span> <i>Pedro and his party had to start at a time not -planned</i>; literally: <i>when not time</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>193.</b> Complete -predications as disjunctive attributes of time are common. It is as -though the whole predication were objectivized: <span lang= -"tl">Naŋ dumatìŋ ako doòn ay sya y walá -na.</span> <i>When I arrived there he was already gone.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Noo ŋ sya y bágo ŋ táo pa -lámaŋ....</span> <i>When he was still but a young -man....</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>194.</b> Anaphorically -determined disjunctive attributes are often omitted. <span lang= -"tl">Íbig nya ŋ kánin aŋ -súhaʾ.</span> <i>Desired by-him that be-eaten (by-him) the -grape-fruit</i>, i. e. <i>He wants to eat the grape-fruit</i>. -<span lang="tl">Naŋhiŋí sya sa kanya ŋ maŋa -kapatìd.</span> <i>He asked his brothers and sisters (for -some).</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí nila sya -binigyàn.</span> <i>He was <span class="lineNum">30</span>not -given (any) by them</i>, <i>They did not give him any</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.3.c"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>c.</i></span> <i>Local -attributes.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p195" class="par first"><b>195.</b> An object expression in -local attribution expresses a local circumstance of that which is -modified, such as the place in, to, or from which, that from whose -midst, that about which <span class="lineNum">35</span>or owing to -which, the person to whom, etc.</p> -<p id="p196" class="par"><b>196.</b> In this construction initial -<span lang="tl">si</span> is replaced by <span lang="tl">kay</span> -(atonic), <span lang="tl">sinà</span> by <span lang= -"tl">kinà</span> (pretonic), and <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> -by <span lang="tl">sa</span> (atonic); object expressions which begin -with none of these particles take <span lang="tl">sa</span>: -<span lang="tl">Si <a id="a177.39" name="a177.39"></a>Pédro ay -galìt kay Hwàn.</span> <i>Pedro is angry at Juan.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nakitúluy <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>kamì kina Pédro.</span> <i>We asked -hospitality of Pedro’s family.</i> <span lang="tl">Syà -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb178" href="#pb178" name= -"pb178">178</a>]</span>y nanáog sa báhay.</span> <i>He -came out of his house.</i> <span lang="tl">sa boo ŋ -báyan</span> <i>in the whole town</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Rarely both <span lang="tl">sa</span> and <span lang= -"tl">kay</span> precede a personal name: <span lang="tl">Itò y -<a id="a178.4" name="a178.4"></a>nàtúto sa kay -Mayèstro ŋ Hwàn.</span> <i>This one got his training -from <span class="lineNum">5</span>Teacher Juan.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ pagkàbúhay naŋ médiko sa kay -Hwàn</span> <i>the doctor’s saving of Juan’s -life</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>197.</b> The personal pronouns and <span lang= -"tl">síno</span> take their prepositive forms after <span lang= -"tl">sa</span>: <span lang="tl">Ibinigày nya sa ákin -aŋ aklàt.</span> <i>Was-given by-him to me the book</i>, i. -e. <i>He gave me the book</i>.</p> -<p id="p198" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>198.</b> In -a peculiar construction these prepositive forms are preceded by the -particle <span lang="tl">ganà</span> as a conjunctive attribute, -in the sense of <i>so far as ... is concerned</i>: <span lang="tl">Sa -ganà ŋ ákin sya y maàári ŋ -umalìs.</span> <i>So far as I am concerned he may leave.</i></p> -<p id="p199" class="par"><b>199.</b> The demonstrative pronouns and -<span lang="tl">anò</span> never stand in <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>local attribution, see § <a href= -"#p263">263</a> f.</p> -<p class="par"><b>200.</b> Whole predications are rarely used as local -attributes:</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Dumatìŋ aŋ -dalága ŋ itò sa dalawa ŋ pù ŋ -taòn aŋ gúlaŋ.</span> <i>This young woman -arrived at (the time when) her age was twenty years</i>, i. e. -<i>reached the age of twenty years</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>201.</b> Local -attributes are mostly closely joined and as a rule follow that which -they modify, taking precedence of a disjunctive attribute or of a -subject: <span lang="tl">aŋ nagbigày sa ákin -naŋ aklàt na itò</span> <i>the giver to me of this -book</i>, <i>the one who gave me this book</i> <span lang="tl">(Bayad -nà) aŋ útaŋ sa ákin ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan’s debt to me (has <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>been paid).</i> <span lang="tl">Ibigày mo kay -Hwàn aŋ librò.</span> <i>Be-given by-you to Juan the -book</i>, i. e. <i>Give Juan the book</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Often, however, a disjunctive attribute which is felt to -belong closely to what precedes, comes before a local attribute: <a id= -"a178.29" name="a178.29"></a><span lang="tl">Bayad-útaŋ ni -Hwàn sa ákin aŋ relòs na itò.</span> -<i>This watch is Juan’s <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>debt-payment to me.</i></p> -<p class="par">Occasionally the local attribute precedes the expression -modified: <span lang="tl">Syà y sa baŋkàʾ -naŋ maŋa babáe nakíkisakày.</span> <i>He -goes <a id="a178.33" name="a178.33"></a>along into the canoe of the -women.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa kabilà ŋ bandà mo -ibwàl aŋ púno ŋ iyàn.</span> <i>Make -that tree fall in the direction away from me.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>202.</b> Very -frequently, however, local attributes are loosely joined, preceding or -following; in the former case <span lang="tl">ay, y</span> is sometimes -<a id="a178.37" name="a178.37"></a>omitted: <span lang="tl">Sa -Báya-ŋ-San-Migèl ay naŋyáre aŋ isa -ŋ nakawàn.</span> <i>In the town of San Miguel a robbery -took place.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí <a id="a178.39" name= -"a178.39"></a>makadádala si Pédro naŋ kahòn -sa kabigatàn nilà.</span> <i>Pedro will not <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>be able to carry any boxes, on account of their -heaviness.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa ganà ŋ ákin sya y -maàári ŋ umalìs.</span> <i>So far as I am -concerned he can go.</i> (§ <a href="#p198">198</a>). <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb179" href="#pb179" name="pb179">179</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p203" class="par"><b>203.</b> We have seen that disjunctive -attribution expresses the relation of objects (direct object, local -object, instrumental object, §§ <a href="#p184">184</a>, -<a href="#p185">185</a>, <a href="#p187">187</a>) to an action, -provided that these objects are more or less indefinite. If they are -quite definite, they are <span class="lineNum">5</span>preferably made -subjects in a passive construction. Frequently, however, they are -instead put into local attribution, which thus competes with these -types of disjunctive attribution, but involves <a id="a179.8" name= -"a179.8"></a>a more definite object: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -báhay na batò ay aŋ áki ŋ -pinaghàhatdàn naŋ gátas.</span> <i>The stone -house is the place to which I am <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>delivering milk</i> (instrumental object), i. e. -<i>I am delivering milk to the stone house</i>; but: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ báhay na batò ay aŋ áki ŋ -pinaghàhatdàn sa bátaʾ.</span> <i>The stone -house is where I am bringing the child.</i> (<span lang="tl">naŋ -bátaʾ</span> would be <i>a child</i> or -<i>children</i>).</p> -<p class="par">It follows that the personal pronouns, which always -refer to <span class="lineNum">15</span>definite persons, cannot stand -as disjunctive objects of transient words, but stand instead in local -attribution: <span lang="tl">Aŋ báhay na batò ay -aŋ áki ŋ pinaghàhatdàn sa -kanyà.</span> <i>The stone house is the place where I am taking -him.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly a personal name: <span lang="tl">Ibigày -mo kay Hwàn aŋ librò.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">20</span><i>Give Juan the book</i>; cf. <span lang= -"tl">Bigyàn mo naŋ librò si Hwàn.</span> -<i>Give Juan a book</i>; “Juan” could not figure as -disjunctive local object.</p> -<p class="par"><b>204.</b> In many cases, however, these local -attributes differ from disjunctive attributes and from the -corresponding subjects of passive constructions: the local attribute -represents the object <span class="lineNum">25</span>as more externally -involved and less thoroughly concerned in the <a id="a179.26" name= -"a179.26"></a>occurrence: <span lang="tl">Humúkay sila naŋ -bakúran.</span> <i>They dug up some <a id="a179.27" name= -"a179.27"></a>yards.</i> <span lang="tl">Hinukáyan nilà -aŋ bakúran.</span> <i>They dug up the yard.</i> In both -sentences a serious change, such as unauthorized tampering, is implied; -but: <span lang="tl">Humúkay sila sa bakúran.</span> -<i>They dug in the yard</i>, <span class="lineNum">30</span>merely -tells where they did their digging. <span lang="tl">Sya y -pumanhìk naŋ báhay.</span> <i>He entered a house</i> -(or <i>houses</i>), perhaps illicitly; the house is viewed as in some -way affected or intimately involved in the action; so also: <span lang= -"tl">Pinanhikàn nya aŋ báhay.</span> <i>He entered -the house</i>; but: <span lang="tl">Sya y pumanhìk sa -báhay.</span> <i>He went into the house</i>, <span class= -"lineNum">35</span><i>He went into his house</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>205.</b> In other cases, where a transient predicate -is not involved, the same difference appears: the local attribute is a -mere scene or attendant circumstance, the disjunctive a real factor: -<a id="a179.39" name="a179.39"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagtatábon naŋ maŋa húkay na itò ay -tapus nà.</span> <i>The filling <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>up of these ditches is now finished</i>, i. e. -<i>These ditches are filled up now</i>; but: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagtatábon sa maŋa húkay ay mahírap.</span> -<i>Filling earth into ditches is hard work.</i> <span lang= -"tl">karamíhan naŋ maŋa táo</span> <i>most -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb180" href="#pb180" name= -"pb180">180</a>]</span>of the people</i>; <span lang= -"tl">karamíhan sa kanilà</span> <i>most of them</i>; -<span lang="tl">sa ganitò</span> <i>under these -circumstances</i>; <span lang="tl">naŋ ganitò</span> -(§ <a href="#p190">190</a>) <i>thus, in this manner</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>206.</b> Expressions of time as local attributes -denote future <a id="a180.4" name="a180.4"></a><i>time when</i>; -occasionally also past time: <span lang="tl">Páparoòn -akò sa makalawà.</span> <a id="a180.5" name= -"a180.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span><i>I shall go there the day -after tomorrow.</i> So: <span lang="tl">sa lúnes</span> <i>next -Monday</i>, cf. <span lang="tl">noò ŋ lúnes</span> -<i>last Monday</i>. <span lang="tl">Pího akò ŋ -páparoòn sa <a id="a180.7" name= -"a180.7"></a>alasìŋko.</span> <i>I will surely go there at -five o’clock.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa gabi ŋ -iyòn....</span> <i>That night....</i></p> -<p id="p207" class="par"><b>207.</b> With jussive words with prefix -<span lang="tl">pa-</span> (see Morphology) <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>the person ordered to do so-and-so is viewed as a -local feature: <a id="a180.11" name="a180.11"></a><span lang= -"tl">Ipinagupìt ko sa barbéro ŋ si Hwàn -aŋ buhòk ni Andrès.</span> <i>Was-ordered-to-be-cut -by-me of-the barber Juan the hair of Andrés</i>, i. e. <i>I -ordered the barber Juan to cut Andrés’ hair</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>208.</b> Rarely an expression in local attribution is -used as a <span class="lineNum">15</span>conjunctive attribute in an -object expression: it precedes and has the meaning of a disjunctive -attribute of possessor: <span lang="tl">aŋ sa ibà ŋ -táo ŋ kawáyan</span> <i>other people’s -bamboo</i>, or: <span lang="tl">aŋ kawáyan naŋ -ibà ŋ táo.</span></p> -<p id="p209" class="par"><b>209.</b> This construction is much commoner -when that owned <span class="lineNum">20</span>is anaphorically -omitted: <span lang="tl">aŋ sa pagòŋ</span> <i>that of -the turtle</i>, <i>the turtle’s</i>, i. e. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ púno naŋ pagòŋ.</span> So: -<span lang="tl">aŋ sa kanyà</span> <i>his</i>, -<i>hers</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>210.</b> In other cases anaphoric omission of an -element modified by a local attribute is less common: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ pagsakày sa trèn sa lugàr naŋ sa -karumáta</span> <i>the riding on the train in place of the</i> -<span class="lineNum">25</span>(sc. <span lang= -"tl">pagsakày</span> <i>riding</i>) <i>in the carriage</i>.</p> -<p id="p211" class="par"><b>211.</b> A static predicate may have the -form of a local attribute: <span lang="tl">Sa liŋgò aŋ -áki ŋ lúlan sa trèn.</span> <i>On (next) -Sunday my embarking on the train</i>, i. e. <i>Next Sunday I shall take -the train.</i> <a id="a180.29" name="a180.29"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ uupà ŋ itò ay sa -háreʾ.</span> <i>This seat is for the king.</i></p> -<p id="p212" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>212.</b> The -particle <span lang="tl">sa</span> has a number of derivatives which -are transient in meaning, but otherwise have the same construction as -<span lang="tl">sa</span>; they are pretonic. <span lang="tl">Sya y -nása Maynílaʾ.</span> <i>He is in Manila.</i> <a id= -"a180.33" name="a180.33"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y nása kanya -ŋ báhay.</span> <i>He is in his house.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ tinterúhan <a id="a180.34" name="a180.34"></a>ay -nása bíŋit naŋ lamésa.</span> <i>The -inkwell is at the edge of the table.</i> <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>For these forms see Morphology.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.b.3.d"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum"><i>d.</i></span> <i>Absolute -attributes.</i></h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p213" class="par first"><b>213.</b> Absolute attribution, in -which no particle is used, is confined to certain expressions and types -of expressions. Some absolute attributes and some of the particles -introducing absolute <span class="lineNum">40</span>attributes end in -<span lang="tl">-ŋ</span> or <span lang="tl">-t</span>; these may -contain the particle <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> or <span lang= -"tl">at</span> (§ <a href="#p313">313</a>).</p> -<p class="par">We may divide the cases of absolute attribution into six -types, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb181" href="#pb181" name= -"pb181">181</a>]</span>although these are not fully distinct from one -another: (1) <i>enclitic particles</i>, (2) <i>prepositive -particles</i>, (3) <i>single words used as attributes of manner and -time</i>, (4) <i>absolute complements</i>, (5) <i>words used with -disjunctive and local attributes</i>, (6) <i>words introducing -<span class="lineNum">5</span>subordinate phrases or -predications</i>.</p> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e23599"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>1</i>)</span> <i>enclitic -particles</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>214.</b> The enclitic particles which are used -as absolute attributes follow a monosyllabic enclitic pronoun -(<span lang="tl">kà, kò, mò</span>) but precede a -disyllabic enclitic pronoun (including <span lang="tl">niyà, -nyà, siyà, syà</span>). <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Among themselves they follow the general rule: -monosyllabic enclitics precede disyllabic enclitics (§ <a href= -"#p47">47</a>).</p> -<p id="p215" class="par"><b>215.</b> <span lang="tl">bà</span> -is expressive of interrogation in yes-and-no questions and often in -others: <span lang="tl">Máy-roon ba silà ŋ -ginawàʾ?</span> <i>Have they done anything?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Máy-roon ka bà ŋ gàgawìn?</span> -<i>Have you anything <a id="a181.15" name="a181.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>to do?</i> <span lang="tl">Ipinùpútol -mo ba akò naŋ tubò?</span> <i>Will you cut some -sugar-cane <a id="a181.16" name="a181.16"></a>for me?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinapagpùpútol ba nila syà naŋ -káhoy?</span> <i>Does he get ordered by them to cut wood?</i> i. -e. <i>Do they have him cut wood?</i> <a id="a181.18" name= -"a181.18"></a><span lang="tl">Ano bà aŋ -inilùlútu mo?</span> <i>What is it you are cooking?</i> -<span lang="tl">Anu ba kayò?</span> <i>What sort of people are -you?</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí mu ba nàkíta si -<span class="lineNum">20</span>Hwàn sa teyátro?</span> -<i>Didn’t you see Juan at the theatre?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ iyo bà ŋ kapatìd?</span> <i>Your -sister?</i> See §§ <a href="#p223">223</a>. 229.</p> -<p id="p216" class="par"><b>216.</b> <span lang="tl">bagà</span> -throws more stress on the interrogation: <span lang="tl">Ikàw -bagà y nagasáwa?</span> <i>Did you (ever) get -married?</i> See §§ <a href="#p290">290</a>. 317.</p> -<p id="p217" class="par"><b>217.</b> <span lang="tl">dàw, -ràw</span> expresses that the sentence represents the -<span class="lineNum">25</span>saying of someone other than the -speaker; the person so quoted may be the agent of the sentence itself: -<span lang="tl">Pagkà pinapagpútol mo <a id="a181.27" -name="a181.27"></a>ràw sya naŋ kawáyan ay -làláyas syà.</span> <i>When he is ordered by -<a id="a181.28" name="a181.28"></a>you to cut bamboo, he will leave, I -am told</i>, or: <i>he will leave, he says</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -paguupú raw nya sa damò ay mabúti sa -kanyà.</span> <i>He <a id="a181.30" name= -"a181.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>says</i> (or: <i>They -say</i>) <i>his habit of sitting on the grass is good for him</i>. It -is sometimes used pleonastically, see the example in § <a href= -"#p278">278</a>.</p> -<p id="p218" class="par"><b>218.</b> <span lang="tl">dìn, -rìn</span> expresses that the expression modified (which may be -the whole sentence or an element within the sentence) is <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>like a corresponding earlier idea: <span lang= -"tl">Ako rìn aŋ nagpalígo sa -bátaʾ.</span> <a id="a181.36" name="a181.36"></a><i>It was -I, too, that bathed the child</i> (beside the other things I did), i. -e. <i>I also bathed the child</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Hwan dìn -aŋ naglínis naŋ <a id="a181.38" name= -"a181.38"></a>kabalyerésa.</span> <i>Juan also cleaned a -stable</i> or <i>stables</i> (beside the <a id="a181.39" name= -"a181.39"></a>other things he did). <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay -naglínis rìn naŋ kabalyerésa.</span> -<span class="lineNum">40</span><i>Juan, too, cleaned stables.</i> Here -<span lang="tl">dìn</span> is an attribute of <span lang= -"tl">naglínis naŋ kabalyerésa</span>: this act has -been performed by Juan even as <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb182" -href="#pb182" name="pb182">182</a>]</span><a id="a182.1" name= -"a182.1"></a>by others previously spoken of or known of. <span lang= -"tl">Si Hwána ay naglúto <a id="a182.2" name= -"a182.2"></a>naŋ estopádo; kamakalawà naglútu -rin akò naŋ estopádo.</span> <i>Juana cooked -meat-stew; day-before-yesterday I too cooked meat-stew.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Iyo ŋ úna ŋ kumalabòg ay akò, -aŋ ikalawà ay ako rìn.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">5</span><i>That first thing which came down with a thud was -I, the second was I again.</i> <span lang="tl">Nahúlog -dìn syà.</span> <i>He fell down again.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Káhit na <a id="a182.7" name="a182.7"></a>madilìm -aŋ gabì ay nagpasyal dìn si Pédro.</span> -<i>Although the night was dark, Pedro none the less</i> (i. e. even as -at other times) <i>took a walk</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>Thus <span lang= -"tl">dìn</span> is especially common in expressions of identity: -<span lang="tl">Kahápon ay nakàkíta ako naŋ -isa ŋ táo sa Maynílaʾ, at ŋayòn ay -nàkíta ko aŋ táwo rì ŋ -iyòn sa báya ŋ itò.</span> <i>Yesterday I saw -a man in Manila, and today I saw the same man in this town.</i></p> -<p class="par">In some instances <span lang="tl">dìn</span> -modifies an element not actually identical <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>with another. <span lang="tl">Nagtalòn sya sa -bintánaʾ, dátapuwat sinundàn din syà -naŋ amà.</span> <i>He jumped out of a window, but he was -followed, too, by the father.</i> See §§ <a href= -"#p221">221</a>. <a href="#p227">227</a>. <a href="#p238">238</a>. -<a href="#p239">239</a>. <a href="#p262">262</a>, (11).</p> -<p id="p219" class="par"><b>219.</b> <span lang= -"tl">kayàʾ</span> expresses doubt or possibility of choice: -<span lang="tl">Anò <a id="a182.19" name= -"a182.19"></a>kayàʾ aŋ ipinagútos mo sa -kanyà?</span> <i>What perchance did you order <a id="a182.20" -name="a182.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>him to do?</i> -<span lang="tl">Màpàpagkúroʾ kayá nya -sa súlat na iyàn aŋ íbig mo ŋ -gawìn nya.</span> <i>Perhaps he may be able to make out from -this <a id="a182.22" name="a182.22"></a>letter of yours what you want -him to do.</i> <span lang="tl">Baká kayàʾ -magkaputòl <a id="a182.23" name="a182.23"></a>aŋ maŋa -tubò sa kalakasàn naŋ háŋi ŋ -itò.</span> <i>I am afraid that perhaps the sugar-cane may all -break off, what with the strength <span class="lineNum">25</span>of -this wind.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a182.26" name="a182.26"></a>For another use of -<span lang="tl">kayàʾ</span> see § <a href= -"#p297">297</a>; cf. §§ <a href="#p317">317</a>. 321.</p> -<p id="p220" class="par"><a id="a182.27" name="a182.27"></a><b>220.</b> -<span lang="tl">lámaŋ</span> <i>only</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Isà lámaŋ aŋ mansánas na -nátira sa lamésa.</span> <i>Only one apple is left on the -table.</i> So: <span lang="tl">íisa lámaŋ</span> -<i>only a single one</i>. <span lang="tl">Sila ŋ tatlò ay -walà ŋ pagkáin kuŋ hindí aŋ -itlòg <span class="lineNum">30</span>lámaŋ na -nàtìtirà.</span> <i>The three had no food except -only the egg <a id="a182.31" name="a182.31"></a>that was left.</i></p> -<p class="par">Occasionally <span lang="tl">lámaŋ</span> -follows the expression it modifies: <span lang="tl">isa ŋ <a id= -"a182.33" name="a182.33"></a>ikápat na partè -lámaŋ</span> <i>only a fourth part</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Sometimes a <span lang="tl">na</span> is left off after -<span lang="tl">lámaŋ</span>: <span lang="tl">Ákin -lámaŋ pinùputlàn <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>naŋ buhòk.</span> <i>By-me</i> (for -<span lang="tl">ákin ... na, ŋ</span>) <i>only</i> -(<i>he</i>, anaphoric) <i>is-getting-cut of hair</i>, i. e. <i>I am -only cutting his hair</i>. <span lang="tl">siya lámaŋ -kàkáin naŋ itlòg</span> <i>he</i> -(<i>who</i>; normally this relation is expressed by <span lang="tl">na, -ŋ</span>) <i>will-eat the egg</i>, i. e. <i>the one who is alone -to <a id="a182.39" name="a182.39"></a>eat the egg</i>. See §§ -<a href="#p227">227</a>. <a href="#p243">243</a>.</p> -<p id="p221" class="par"><a id="a182.40" name= -"a182.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span><b>221.</b> <span lang= -"tl">màn</span> expresses contrast with what precedes; it is the -opposite of <span lang="tl">dìn</span>, and the two are often -used in one sentence to emphasize the point of difference and that of -identity: <span lang="tl">Si Hwan <a id="a182.43" name= -"a182.43"></a>màn ay naglínis (rìn) naŋ -kabalyerésa.</span> <i>Juan, too, cleaned stables</i> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb183" href="#pb183" name= -"pb183">183</a>]</span>(as did others). <span lang= -"tl">Lálù nà lumakì aŋ gálit ni -Hwàn, naŋ màbalitáan <a id="a183.2" name= -"a183.2"></a>niya ŋ aŋ ikalawà màn nya ŋ -anàk ay nagsundálo rìn.</span> <i>Juan’s -anger grew even greater when he learned that his second son too had</i> -(like the other) <i>become a soldier</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>With interrogatives -<span lang="tl">màn</span> produces indefinites: <span lang= -"tl">Walà ŋ anu màn.</span> <i>There is nothing at -all</i>; also: <i>Not at all</i>, i. e. <i>You’re welcome</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ ano mà ŋ pasákit</span> -<i>any kind of injury</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ alin mà -ŋ paŋkàt</span> <i>any team</i>; <span lang= -"tl">sínu màn</span> <i>any person whatever</i>, -<i>anyone at all</i>. See §§ <a href="#p227">227</a>. 248. -262, (7. 10). 290. 317.</p> -<p id="p222" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>222.</b> -<span lang="tl">múna</span> expresses that that modified -precedes another <a id="a183.11" name="a183.11"></a>thing: <span lang= -"tl">Magàwítan múna táyo, bágo -táyo maghiwá-hiwalày.</span> <i>Let’s sing a -song together (first) before we part.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Maŋáko ka múna...</span> <i>First -promise....</i></p> -<p id="p223" class="par"><b>223.</b> <span lang="tl">nà</span> -takes into view the maturity of a situation (cf. <a id="a183.15" name= -"a183.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>German <i lang= -"de">schon</i>): <span lang="tl">Aŋ librò y gamit -nà.</span> <i>The book is used already</i>, <a id="a183.16" -name="a183.16"></a>i. e. <i>is second-hand</i>. <span lang="tl">Agad -nà ŋ lálamìg.</span> <i>It will soon be cold -now.</i> <a id="a183.17" name="a183.17"></a><span lang= -"tl">Paálam na akò (sa iyò).</span> <i>Good-bye -(to you).</i> <span lang="tl">Nahánap ko nà aŋ -sombréro.</span> <i>I have already looked for the hat.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nahánap na nyà aŋ -sombréro.</span> <i>He has....</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -maláon na nila ŋ pagpupuyàt <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>gabi-gabì</span> <i>their long staying up now -every night</i>, i. e. <i>the fact that they have staid up late every -night now</i>. <span lang="tl">íisa na lámaŋ -paŋkàt</span> <a id="a183.22" name="a183.22"></a><i>only a -single group now</i>. It precedes <span lang="tl">bà</span> -(§ <a href="#p215">215</a>): <span lang="tl">Nakahandá na -<a id="a183.23" name="a183.23"></a>ba aŋ áki ŋ -paŋpalígoʾ?</span> <i>Is my bath ready?</i> -<span lang="tl">Gánu ka na bà kakínis?</span> -<i>How clever are you by this time?</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a183.25" name="a183.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>It is used also in brusque or familiar commands: -<span lang="tl">Pálù na sa kanya ŋ -kamày!</span> <i>Hit him on his hand!</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sáma na sa ákin.</span> <i>Come to me</i> (to a -child). <span lang="tl">Ílag ka na riyàn!</span> <i>Be -off there!</i> See §§ <a href="#p224">224</a>. <a href= -"#p226">226</a>. <a href="#p227">227</a>. <a href="#p229">229</a>. -<a href="#p242">242</a>. <a href="#p244">244</a>.</p> -<p id="p224" class="par"><b>224.</b> <span lang= -"tl">namàn</span> expresses transition to another subject, hence -<span class="lineNum">30</span>often also mild contrast: <span lang= -"tl">Hábaŋ si Hwána ay -naglùlútoʾ, si Hwàn namàn ay -naglìlínis naŋ báhay.</span> <i>While Juana -is cooking, Juan cleans the house.</i> <span lang="tl">Anu ka ba -namà ŋ táo?</span> <i>What sort of person are you, -anyway?</i> <span lang="tl">Ibà namàn aŋ -gawìn mo ŋ lúto sa manòk.</span> <i>You are -to cook the chicken in a different way.</i> <span lang="tl">siya -rìn namàn <span class="lineNum">35</span>nyà -ŋ karanyúwa ŋ kinàkáin</span> <i>that -which, however, is usually eaten by him</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The combination <span lang="tl">nà -namàn</span> means <i>again</i>: <span lang="tl">Maínit -na namàn.</span> <i>It’s hot again.</i></p> -<p id="p225" class="par"><b>225.</b> <span lang= -"tl">nawàʾ</span> <i>pray, please</i> expresses -imprecation: <span lang="tl">Kaawaàn <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>nawàʾ ninyo kamì, poo ŋ -Dyòs!</span> <i>Take pity on us, O Lord!</i></p> -<p id="p226" class="par"><b>226.</b> <span lang= -"tl">ŋàʾ</span> is assertive and emphasizing: -<span lang="tl">Oo ŋàʾ.</span> <i>Yes indeed.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ikaw ŋàʾ aŋ nagsábi -niyàn.</span> <i>You yourself are the one who said that.</i> It -is used in polite requests: <span lang="tl">Itúru ŋa -ninyò sa ákin aŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb184" href="#pb184" name="pb184">184</a>]</span><a id="a184.1" name= -"a184.1"></a>daàn.</span> <i>Please show me the way.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ipakipútol mo ŋàʾ, Hwàn, -aŋ <a id="a184.2" name="a184.2"></a>tinibàn sa áki -ŋ bakúran.</span> <i>Please, Juan, cut down for me the -<a id="a184.3" name="a184.3"></a>banana-stump in my yard.</i> It -follows <span lang="tl">nà</span>: <span lang= -"tl">Pakipútol na ŋàʾ aŋ <a id="a184.4" -name="a184.4"></a>sinúlid na itò.</span> <i>Please cut -this string for me.</i> See § <a href="#p229">229</a>.</p> -<p id="p227" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>227.</b> -<span lang="tl">pà</span> expresses the immaturity or -continuance of a situation (cf. German <i lang="de">noch</i>) and -stands in contrast with <span lang="tl">nà</span>. Its meaning -is often emphasized by <span lang="tl">lámaŋ</span>: -<span lang="tl">mabúti pà</span> <i>better yet</i>, -<span lang="tl">Íbig ko <a id="a184.8" name= -"a184.8"></a>pà naŋ kánin.</span> <i>I should like -some more rice.</i> <span lang="tl">Hampasìn mo pa <a id= -"a184.9" name="a184.9"></a>syà.</span> <i>Whip him some -more.</i> <span lang="tl">Saríwà pa aŋ -damìt.</span> <i>The clothes are <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>still wet.</i> It precedes <span lang= -"tl">dìn</span> and <span lang="tl">màn</span> (cf. -§ <a href="#p248">248</a>): <span lang="tl">aŋ isa pa -rì ŋ káluluwa</span> <i>another</i> (i. e. <i>one -more</i>) <i>soul</i>; <span lang="tl">Hindí pa rìn -lubhà ŋ <a id="a184.12" name= -"a184.12"></a>maliwánag.</span> <i>It was, however, not yet -light enough.</i> <span lang="tl">Kagìgísiŋ ko pa -lámaŋ.</span> <i>I have only just waked up.</i> See -§§ <a href="#p243">243</a>. 248.</p> -<p id="p228" class="par"><b>228.</b> <span lang= -"tl">palà</span>, used after <span lang= -"tl">hindìʾ</span> (§ <a href="#p239">239</a>), -expresses contrast with <a id="a184.15" name="a184.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>one’s expectation, reversal: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ísip ko y balat lámaŋ naŋ -itlòg itò, hindí palà, kun díʾ -itlòg na boòʾ.</span> <i>I thought this was only an -egg-shell, but no, it was a whole egg.</i></p> -<p id="p229" class="par"><b>229.</b> <span lang= -"tl">pòʾ</span> is expressive of politeness toward the -person addressed: <a id="a184.19" name="a184.19"></a><span lang="tl">Oo -pòʾ.</span> <i>Yes, sir</i>; <i>Yes, ma’am</i>. -<span lang="tl">Patàtawárin pòʾ!</span> -<i>Pardon <span class="lineNum">20</span>me</i>; used also in refusing -to give alms. <span lang="tl">Patàtawárin po naŋ -ilà ŋ sandalèʾ.</span> <i>Excuse me for a few -moments, please.</i> <span lang="tl">Maghintú <a id="a184.22" -name="a184.22"></a>pu kayò.</span> <i>Please stop</i> (plural or -polite singular). <span lang="tl">Magsihintú pu <a id="a184.23" -name="a184.23"></a>kayò.</span> <i>Please stop</i> (explicit -plural). <span lang="tl">Umupú po kayò.</span> <i>Please -sit <a id="a184.24" name="a184.24"></a>down.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Maupú po kayò.</span> <i>Please be seated.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ikinalúluŋkot ko pòʾ -<span class="lineNum">25</span>aŋ -kasawià-ŋ-pálad na naŋyáre sa -inyò.</span> <i>I lament the misfortune which has come to -you.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ iyo pò ŋ -Kamàhálan</span> <i>your Majesty</i>. <span lang= -"tl">pòʾ</span> precedes <span lang="tl">bà</span> -and follows <span lang="tl">nà</span> and <span lang= -"tl">ŋàʾ</span>: <span lang="tl">Kaawaàn na -pòʾ ninyo kamì, poo ŋ Dyòs!</span> -<i>Take pity on us, O Lord!</i> <span lang="tl">Maàári pu -bà ŋ kayò y maghintòʾ?</span> <i>Can you -please stop?</i> Occasionally <span lang="tl">pòʾ</span> -follows <span class="lineNum">30</span>that modified: <span lang= -"tl">Magandà ŋ áraw pòʾ!</span> <i>Good -day</i>; <i>How do you do?</i></p> -<p id="p230" class="par"><b>230.</b> <span lang="tl">sána</span> -expresses unreal futurity in the past or doubtful futurity in the -present; in the latter sense it expresses modesty in a request: -<span lang="tl">Ipaglálaba sána kità naŋ iyo -ŋ damìt, ŋúnit walàʾ ako <a id= -"a184.34" name="a184.34"></a>ŋ sabòn.</span> <i>I would -wash your clothes for you, but I have no soap.</i> <a id="a184.35" -name="a184.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><span lang= -"tl">Isinúlat ko sa kanyà ŋ pilítin -sána niya ŋ màparíto sa átin, pag -<a id="a184.36" name="a184.36"></a>sya y nàrìritò -sa báya ŋ itò.</span> <i>I wrote to him to try to -get round here to us when he gets to this town.</i></p> -<p id="p231" class="par"><b>231.</b> <span lang= -"tl">tulòy</span> <i>further</i>, <i>in continuation</i>: -<span lang="tl">Sinábi tulòy niyà....</span> <i>He -said further....</i></p> -<p id="p232" class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span><b>232.</b> -<span lang="tl">ulèʾ</span> <i>again</i>, equivalent with -<span lang="tl">mulìʾ</span> (§ <a href= -"#p148">148</a>), has two irregularities: it is often not enclitic but -closely joined postpositive, and, in this case, it may, entirely like -<span lang="tl">mulìʾ</span>, be conjunctive instead -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb185" href="#pb185" name= -"pb185">185</a>]</span>of absolute: <span lang="tl">Nahúlog -ulí sya.</span> <i>He fell again</i>; but: <span lang= -"tl">Umakyàt sya ulèʾ.</span> <i>He climbed -again</i>; and even: <span lang="tl">... naŋ magdaàn sya -ŋ ulèʾ sa pasíga ŋ itò....</span> -<i>when he again walked on this beach</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e24933"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>2</i>)</span> <i>prepositive -particles</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>233.</b> Certain -particles used as absolute attributes always precede that modified. -They fall into two groups: (A) regular closely joined modifiers, and -(B) particles which immediately precede single words or short -phrases.</p> -<p id="p234" class="par"><b>234.</b> (A) The closely joined particles -usually receive regular <span class="lineNum">10</span>treatment, being -followed, for instance, by enclitics. Occasionally, however, the -feeling seems to be that the particle is, as it were, placed before the -whole sentence; in this case a non-enclitic subject or a loosely joined -attribute or a second closely joined attribute may follow the particle, -and the last-named may (instead <span class="lineNum">15</span>of the -particle) be followed by some or all of the enclitics.</p> -<p class="par">In the case of <span lang="tl">huwàg</span> -(§ <a href="#p240">240</a>) we meet for the first time alternation -of absolute and conjunctive attribution, which mostly follows the -principle that the latter construction is used where <span lang= -"tl">ŋ</span> (as opposed to <span lang="tl">na</span>) is -possible (§ <a href="#p122">122</a>).</p> -<p id="p235" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>235.</b> -<span lang="tl">bakàʾ</span> is expressive of an undesired -contingency; it is <a id="a185.21" name="a185.21"></a>the negative of -wishes and fears: <span lang="tl">Baká ka maputúlan -naŋ dalíriʾ, Hwàn.</span> <i>You might get your -finger cut off, Juan</i>, i. e. <i>See that <a id="a185.23" name= -"a185.23"></a>you don’t</i> ... or <i>I hope you -won’t</i>.... <span lang="tl">Baká nya -ikátawà aŋ iyo ŋ -sàsabíhin.</span> <i>Perhaps what you intend to say will -only make <span class="lineNum">25</span>him laugh.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Baká táyu aŋ pagbintaŋàn naŋ -páreʾ.</span> <i>I am afraid the priest may suspect us.</i> -See § <a href="#p317">317</a>.</p> -<p id="p236" class="par"><b>236.</b> <span lang= -"tl">bákit</span> <i>why?</i> <span lang="tl">Bákit ka -naparíto?</span> <i>Why have you come here?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Bákit mo inakálaʾ...?</span> <i>Why do you -think...?</i> <span lang="tl">Bákit hindí ka -magáral...?</span> <i>Why don’t you learn...?</i></p> -<p id="p237" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>237.</b> -<span lang="tl">dìʾ</span> <i>not</i> is often used instead -of <span lang="tl">hindìʾ</span> (§ <a href= -"#p239">239</a>) before shorter expressions: <span lang="tl">dí -maláyoʾ</span> <i>not far</i>, <span lang="tl">dí -karanyúwan</span> <i>unusual</i>, <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn -ay dí natákot na sumakày.</span> <i>Juan was not -afraid to mount.</i> See § <a href="#p301">301</a>.</p> -<p id="p238" class="par"><b>238.</b> <span lang= -"tl">gayòn</span> (§ <a href="#p190">190</a>), in this use -always followed by <span lang="tl">dìn</span> <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>(§ <a href="#p218">218</a>), <i>also</i>, -<i>furthermore</i>: <span lang="tl">Sya y isa ŋ táo ŋ -may kauntì ŋ talíno at gayon dìn may -kauntì ŋ tápaŋ.</span> <i>He was a man of some -cleverness and also of some courage.</i></p> -<p id="p239" class="par"><b>239.</b> <span lang= -"tl">hindìʾ</span> <i>not</i> is used where the specific -negatives <span lang="tl">áyaw</span> (§ <a href= -"#p267">267</a>), <span lang="tl">bakàʾ</span> (§ -<a href="#p235">235</a>), <span lang="tl">huwàg</span> (§ -<a href="#p240">240</a>), and <span lang="tl">walàʾ</span> -(§§ <a href="#p61">61</a>. 81. 89) <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>are not applicable. Occasionally it is replaced by -<span lang="tl">dìʾ</span> (§ <a href= -"#p237">237</a>). <span lang="tl">Hindìʾ.</span> <i>No.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hindí akò.</span> <i>(It is, was) not -I</i>; <i>I don’t, didn’t</i>, etc. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb186" href="#pb186" name= -"pb186">186</a>]</span><span lang="tl">Hindí bále.</span> -<i>It doesn’t matter.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko -nàlàláman.</span> <i>I don’t know.</i> -<a id="a186.2" name="a186.2"></a><span lang="tl">Hindí ko sya -nàkíta.</span> <i>I didn’t see him.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí ko mabása iyàn.</span> <i>I can’t -read that.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ túnay na lakì -naŋ buwàn ay hindí sya ŋ -nàkìkíta naŋ maŋa táo kuŋ -gabè.</span> <i>The real size of the moon is not <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>that which people see at night.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ kanya ŋ tákot na baká hindí nya -abúta ŋ buhày aŋ kanya ŋ -inìíbig</span> <i>his fear that (perhaps) he should not -see his loved one alive</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Hindìʾ</span> negates only -the material part of a word, not its grammatical <a id="a186.9" name= -"a186.9"></a>(affixal) elements: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kamahalàn naŋ manòk ay sya ŋ hindí -<a id="a186.10" name="a186.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>ikabilì nitò naŋ marámi -ŋ táo.</span> <i>The high price of chicken is that which -not causes-to-buy it many people</i>, i. e. <i>causes many people not -to buy it</i>; the idea of <i>buying</i> is the material element of -<span lang="tl">i-ka-bilì</span> (see Morphology); the causal -idea, which is expressed by the prefixes <a id="a186.14" name= -"a186.14"></a><span lang="tl">i-ka-</span> is not negated. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkukublì naŋ maŋa sundálo ay -<a id="a186.15" name="a186.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>siyà nilà ŋ hindí -ikinamatày.</span> <i>The hiding of the soldiers is what caused -them not to be killed</i>, i. e. <i>saved them from death</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Note <span lang="tl">hindí rìn</span> -(§ <a href="#p218">218</a>) <i>also not</i>, <i>nor</i>, and -<span lang="tl">gayòn dìn hindìʾ</span> -<a id="a186.18" name="a186.18"></a>(§ <a href="#p238">238</a>): -<span lang="tl">Aŋ dalága ŋ si Mariyà y -sumayàw sa bála ŋ táo ŋ -humilìŋ <a id="a186.19" name="a186.19"></a>sa kanyà -sa sàyáwa ŋ pinaroonàn niya kagabè: -sya y hindí <a id="a186.20" name="a186.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>namíli naŋ kanya ŋ sinamáhan -at hindí rin namàn namíli naŋ <a id="a186.21" -name="a186.21"></a>tugtòg na kanya ŋ sinayawàn; -gayon dìn hindí nya ininò aŋ -bílaŋ <a id="a186.22" name="a186.22"></a>at aŋ -kadalasàn naŋ kanyà ŋ pagsayàw.</span> -<i>Miss Maria danced with any man that asked her at the dance to which -she went last night: she chose neither her partners nor the music to -which she danced; <span class="lineNum">25</span>nor did she mind the -number and the frequency of her dances.</i> See §§ <a href= -"#p228">228</a>. 237. 301. 319.</p> -<p id="p240" class="par"><b>240.</b> <span lang="tl">huwàg, -hwàg</span> is the negative of commands, purpose, obligation. -Where <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> is possible conjunctive attribution -takes the place of absolute: <span lang="tl">Aŋ haŋàd -ay aŋ huwàg bayáa ŋ lumagpàk sa -<span class="lineNum">30</span>lúpà aŋ -bóla.</span> <i>The aim is not to let the ball fall to the -ground.</i> (<a href="#a46.36">46, <sub>36</sub></a>) <span lang= -"tl">Sinàsábi nya ríto na hwàg -sunúgin aŋ ámi ŋ báhay.</span> <i>He -<a id="a186.32" name="a186.32"></a>told them not to burn our house.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ túro sa ákin naŋ -mayèstro <a id="a186.33" name="a186.33"></a>ay hwàg -akò ŋ mapagawày.</span> <i>The teacher’s order -to me is that I <a id="a186.34" name="a186.34"></a>must not be -quarrelsome.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ tawánan -si Hwàn.</span> <i>Don’t <a id="a186.35" name= -"a186.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>laugh at Juan.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ umyàk.</span> -<i>Don’t cry.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag kà, Hwàn, -pumásuk na sekréta.</span> <i>Don’t go as a spy, -Juan.</i> See § <a href="#p239">239</a>.</p> -<p id="p241" class="par"><b>241.</b> <span lang= -"tl">kaniyàʾ, kanyàʾ</span> <i>therefore</i>, -<i>as a result</i>, <i>consequently</i>: <a id="a186.38" name= -"a186.38"></a><span lang="tl">Bumitìw aŋ bátaʾ -sa lúbid, kanyá náparapàʾ aŋ -kanyà ŋ kahatakàn.</span> <i>The child let go of the -rope, and so the one he was pulling <a id="a186.40" name= -"a186.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>against fell.</i> -<span lang="tl">Kanyàʾ hindí tulàʾ -aŋ kanya ŋ kinantà.</span> <i>Therefore what he sang -was disconnected.</i> <span lang="tl">Kanyàʾ sa -katapusàn ay sinábi nya...</span> <i>Therefore in the end -he said....</i> Occasionally it is loosely <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb187" href="#pb187" name= -"pb187">187</a>]</span>joined: <span lang="tl">Kanyà y sya y -umalìs.</span> <i>Therefore he went away.</i> See §§ -<a href="#p295">295</a>. 324.</p> -<p id="p242" class="par"><b>242.</b> <span lang= -"tl">láloʾ</span> (§ <a href="#p147">147</a>), in this -use always followed by <span lang="tl">nà</span> (§ -<a href="#p223">223</a>), <i>especially</i>, <i>very</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Lálù na kuŋ isa ŋ tahòl naŋ -áso aŋ makàgísiŋ sa <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>kanya, sya y nàpàpaluksò.</span> -<i>Especially when the barking of a dog awoke him, he would -involuntarily jump.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -naŋàŋáin naŋ táo lálù -nà naŋ maŋa bátaʾ.</span> <i>It makes its -food of people, especially children.</i></p> -<p id="p243" class="par"><b>243.</b> <span lang= -"tl">sakàʾ</span> <i>after that</i>, <i>then</i>: -<span lang="tl">Pagkà pinapagpùpútol ko nà -<a id="a187.10" name="a187.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>sya -naŋ káhoy ay saká sya nagdàdahilà -ŋ may sakìt.</span> <i>As soon as I order him to cut wood, -(then) he alleges that he is sick.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a187.12" name="a187.12"></a>Especially -<span lang="tl">saká pa lámaŋ</span> (§ -<a href="#p227">227</a>) <i>only then</i>, <i>not till then</i>: -<span lang="tl">Kapag <a id="a187.13" name= -"a187.13"></a>ipinamùmútol na nya naŋ káhoy -aŋ lagáriʾ ay saká mo pa lámaŋ -kúnin itò sa kanyà.</span> <i>When he uses the saw -for cutting wood, <span class="lineNum">15</span>only then do you take -it from him.</i></p> -<p id="p244" class="par"><b>244.</b> <span lang= -"tl">tuwèʾ</span> when followed by <span lang= -"tl">nà</span> (§ <a href="#p223">223</a>) is used as a -loosely joined prepositive attribute: <i>every time</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Tuwí nà y syà aŋ nagìŋ -mánanalò.</span> <i>He turns out victorious every single -time.</i> See §§ <a href="#p307">307</a>. 317.</p> -<p id="p245" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>245.</b> (B) -The particles of the second group are mechanically prefixed, as it -were, to that modified.</p> -<p id="p246" class="par"><b>246.</b> The pretonic particle <span lang= -"tl">báwat</span> <i>every</i> precedes that modified, forming -an object expression with or without <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> -(§ <a href="#p66">66</a>, end): <a id="a187.24" name= -"a187.24"></a><span lang="tl">Báwat marúnuŋ naŋ -leksyòn ay makaáalìs pagdatìŋ naŋ -alasìŋko.</span> <span class="lineNum">25</span><i>Everyone -who knows the lesson will be allowed to leave at five <a id="a187.26" -name="a187.26"></a>o’clock.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -báwat hindí marúnuŋ naŋ leksyòn -ay màtìtirà haŋgàŋ -alasès.</span> <i>Every one of those who do not know the lesson -will have to stay till six o’clock.</i> <span lang= -"tl">báwat táo</span> <i>everyone</i>, <i>each -person</i>.</p> -<p id="p247" class="par"><b>247.</b> <span lang="tl">gaáno, -gáno</span> <i>how?</i> (§ <a href="#p190">190</a>) is used -absolutely before <span class="lineNum">30</span>words with prefix -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> expressing high degree of a quality (see -Morphology and cf. §§ <a href="#p76">76</a>. 179): -<span lang="tl">gáno katabàʾ?</span> <i>How fat?</i> -<span lang="tl">gáno kaláyoʾ?</span> <i>How far?</i> -<span lang="tl">Gánu ka na bà kakínis?</span> -<i>How clever are you now?</i></p> -<p id="p248" class="par"><b>248.</b> The pretonic particle <span lang= -"tl">káhit</span> precedes interrogatives and <span class= -"lineNum">35</span><span lang="tl">isà</span> <i>one</i> -absolutely or with <span lang="tl">na</span>; its force is -generalizing, more emphatically than <span lang="tl">màn</span> -(§ <a href="#p221">221</a>). The expression so formed is an object -expression used with or without <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> (§ -<a href="#p68">68</a>): <span lang="tl">aŋ káhit na -síno, aŋ káhit síno, káhit na -síno, káhit síno</span> <i>anyone</i>, <i>anyone -whatever</i>, <i>no matter who</i>, <span lang="tl">káhit -anò</span> <i>anything whatever</i>, <span lang= -"tl">káhit na anu ŋ <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>táo</span> <i>any sort of person -whatever</i>, <span lang="tl">káhit na sínu ŋ -táo</span> <i>any person whatever</i>, <span lang="tl">sa -káhit alì ŋ bandà</span> <i>in any -direction</i>, <span lang="tl">káhit isà</span> <i>anyone -whatever</i>, <i>even one</i>.</p> -<p class="par">These expressions are often strengthened by <span lang= -"tl">màn</span> (§ <a href="#p221">221</a>) or <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb188" href="#pb188" name= -"pb188">188</a>]</span><span lang="tl">pà màn</span> -(§ <a href="#p227">227</a>): <span lang="tl">Hindí na sya -sumakày sa káhit ano pa màn.</span> <i>This time -he did not ride on anything.</i> <span lang="tl">káhit -sínu màn</span> <i>anyone at all</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Expressions beginning with <span lang= -"tl">káhit</span> have the peculiarity that <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>in the two normally conjunctive constructions in -which they stand <span lang="tl">na, ŋ</span> is often omitted -before them:</p> -<p class="par">After <span lang="tl">walàʾ</span> (§ -<a href="#p138">138</a>): <span lang="tl">Walá káhit -anò.</span> <i>There isn’t a thing.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Walá sila káhit anò.</span> <i>They -haven’t a thing.</i> So even when <span lang= -"tl">walàʾ</span> <a id="a188.9" name="a188.9"></a>does not -immediately precede: <span lang="tl">Nàbuksàn aŋ -pintú naŋ wala ŋ <a id="a188.10" name= -"a188.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>nakàmálay -káhit sínu màn.</span> <i>The door came open -without anyone noticing it.</i> <span lang="tl">Walá pa sila -ŋ nàhùhúli káhit anò.</span> -<i>They had not yet caught anything</i>, literally: <i>anything that -was caught</i>. <span lang="tl">Walá sya ŋ -nàlàláman káhit isa ŋ -hóta.</span> <i>He did not know a single iota.</i> Occasionally -<span lang="tl">na, ŋ</span> is used: <span lang="tl">Walá -sya ŋ màkíta ŋ táo ŋ káhit -anò.</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>He saw no person -whatever.</i></p> -<p class="par">As (normally conjunctive, § <a href= -"#p149">149</a>) attribute of time during which: <span lang="tl">Sya y -hindí màtahímik káhit isà ŋ -sandalèʾ.</span> <i>He cannot keep quiet even for a single -moment.</i> See §§ <a href="#p253">253</a>. 294.</p> -<p id="p249" class="par"><b>249.</b> <span lang= -"tl">kápuwàʾ, kápwàʾ</span> -<i>fellow-</i>, <i>equally</i>, applied to one of a <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>pair, is sometimes used with personal pronouns: in -this case it follows (cf. § <a href="#p129">129</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Si Pédro at si Hwàn ay dalawa ŋ kápwa -magnanákaw.</span> <i>Pedro and Juan are two fellow thieves.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ kápwa nya magnanákaw</span> -<i>his fellow-thief</i>, <span lang="tl">Kápuwa maínam -aŋ tinìg nila ŋ dalawà.</span> <i>The voices of -the two are equally pleasant.</i> <span lang="tl">Kápwa -<span class="lineNum">25</span>sila malakàs.</span> <i>They are -equally strong.</i> <span lang="tl">Sinàsaktan silà -kápuwaʾ.</span> <a id="a188.26" name="a188.26"></a><i>They -both get hurt.</i> Redundantly: <span lang="tl">Namílog si -Hwàn naŋ úlo naŋ kápwa nya -kalaròʾ.</span> <i>Juan fooled</i> (literally: <i>rounded -the head of</i>) <i>his (fellow) playmate</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The word modified may be anaphorically omitted: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ táwo <a id="a188.30" name= -"a188.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>y hindí -dápat sumakìt naŋ kanya ŋ -kápwaʾ.</span> <i>One must not injure one’s -fellow</i> (sc. <span lang="tl">táo</span> <i>man</i>).</p> -<p id="p250" class="par"><b>250.</b> The transient pretonic particle -<span lang="tl">magìŋ</span> and its other transient forms -(see Morphology) express that the word or phrase modified is something -coming into being, arising, at the time <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>specified by the tense-form of the particle: -<span lang="tl">Sya y nagìŋ hukòm.</span> <i>He -became judge.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ nagìŋ -pagkáhulè</span> <i>the falling-behind which arose</i>, -<span lang="tl">Nagìŋ isa syà sa maŋa -hindí nátaŋgàp.</span> <i>He turned out to be -one of those who were not accepted.</i></p> -<p id="p251" class="par"><b>251.</b> The pretonic particle <span lang= -"tl">maŋà</span> is the sign of explicit plurality -<span class="lineNum">40</span>with object expressions. It precedes the -central element immediately, not even the <span lang="tl">na, -ŋ</span> necessitated by a preceding conjunctive attribute comes -between; only <span lang="tl">ibà</span> may come after -<span lang="tl">maŋà</span>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -kanyà ŋ magúlaŋ, or: aŋ kanyà -ŋ maŋa magúlaŋ</span> <i>his, her <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb189" href="#pb189" name= -"pb189">189</a>]</span><a id="a189.1" name="a189.1"></a>parents</i>, -<span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa ibà ŋ táo</span> -<i>other people</i>. Redundantly: <span lang="tl">Sa tapàt -<a id="a189.2" name="a189.2"></a>naŋ báhay ni Pédro -ay marámi ŋ maŋa bulaklàk.</span> <i>In front -of <a id="a189.3" name="a189.3"></a>Pedro’s house there are many -flowers.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ áraw ay sya ŋ -pinópoon <a id="a189.4" name="a189.4"></a>naŋ ilà -ŋ maŋa salbáhe sa Áfrika.</span> <i>The sun is -worshipped <span class="lineNum">5</span>by some savages in Africa.</i> -And even: <span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa ilan pà ŋ -maŋa tanòŋ</span> <i>several further questions</i>. -With <span lang="tl">maŋà</span> compare the prefix of the -same form, see Morphology.</p> -<p id="p252" class="par"><b>252.</b> The pretonic particle <span lang= -"tl">máy</span> belongs here. For examples see §§ -<a href="#p69">69</a>. 70. 85. 110. 139.</p> -<p id="p253" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>253.</b> -<span lang="tl">nì</span> pretonic, is a frequent substitute -(Spanish) for <span lang="tl">káhit</span> (§ <a href= -"#p245">245</a>) in negative sentences. The object expressions which -begin with it never take <span lang="tl">aŋ</span> (§ -<a href="#p68">68</a>): <span lang="tl">Ní isa y walà -ŋ nátira.</span> <i>There isn’t a single one -left.</i> <span lang="tl">Walá ní isa.</span> <i>There -isn’t a single one.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàbuksàn -aŋ pintú naŋ wala ŋ nakàmálay -nì sínu màn.</span> <i>The door <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>came open without anyone noticing it.</i> -<span lang="tl">Walà ŋ nátira ní isa naŋ -<a id="a189.16" name="a189.16"></a>maŋa péras sa -mésa.</span> <i>Not one was left of the pears on the -table.</i></p> -<p class="par">Occasionally <span lang="tl">nì</span> seems to -take the place of <span lang="tl">naŋ</span> before <span lang= -"tl">káhit</span>: <span lang="tl">Bákit hindí sya -makátagpo nì káhit isà naŋ maŋa -bágay na itò?</span> <i>Why could he not meet even a -single one of these things?</i> Cf. <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>§ <a href="#p319">319</a>.</p> -<p id="p254" class="par"><b>254.</b> The pretonic particle <span lang= -"tl">tagà, tigà</span> preceding an expression of place -forms an expression denoting a person from that <a id="a189.23" name= -"a189.23"></a>place: <span lang="tl">Sya y isa ŋ taga -Kapampáŋan.</span> <i>He is a Pampangan.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ <a id="a189.24" name="a189.24"></a>taga búkid, -aŋ tiga búkid: aŋ isa ŋ táo ŋ -túbo sa búkid</span> <i>a country-man</i>: <span class= -"lineNum">25</span><i>a person raised in the country</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ mayáma ŋ taga iba ŋ báyan</span> -<i>the rich man from another town</i>, <i>stranger</i>, -<i>foreigner</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa taga iba t -ibà ŋ lupaìn</span> <i>people from various -countries</i>. So: <span lang="tl">taga báyan, tiga -báyan</span> <i>townsman</i>, <span lang="tl">taga -Filipínas</span> <i>Filipino</i>, <span lang="tl">taga <a id= -"a189.29" name="a189.29"></a>Amérika</span> <i>American</i>, -<span lang="tl">taga Espánya</span> <i>Spaniard</i> (beside -<span lang="tl">Amerikáno, <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Kastílaʾ</span>). Cf. in Morphology, the -prefix <span lang="tl">taga-</span>.</p> -<p id="p255" class="par"><b>255.</b> Numerative pronouns and cardinal -numerals are used as absolute attributes before <span lang= -"tl">katáo</span> <i>persons</i>, <i>men</i>: <span lang="tl">sa -m pú katáo</span> <i>ten people</i>, <i>ten men</i>; or: -<span lang="tl">sa m pù ŋ táo</span>; <span lang= -"tl">Ilàn katáo</span> (or: <span lang="tl">Ilà -ŋ <a id="a189.34" name="a189.34"></a>táo</span>) -<span lang="tl">aŋ bumúhat sa báhay?</span> <i>How -many men lifted at the house?</i></p> -<p id="p256" class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>256.</b> The -terms of relationship and titles which are treated as personal names -(§ <a href="#p59">59</a>) precede a name as absolute attributes; -after most of those that end in a syllabic, <i>n</i>, or <span lang= -"tl">ʾ, ŋ</span> is however used. Some titles occur only in -this construction: <span lang="tl">si Kúya ŋ -Pédro</span> <i>my oldest brother Pedro</i>, <span lang="tl">si -Atè Lóleŋ</span> <i>my oldest sister <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Lola</i>, <span lang="tl">si Iŋkòŋ -Píro</span> <i>Grandfather Pedro</i>, <span lang="tl">si -Indà ŋ Hwána</span>, or: <span lang="tl">si -Impò ŋ Hwána</span> <i>Grandmother Juana</i>, -<span lang="tl">si Áli ŋ Maryà</span>, or: -<span lang="tl">si Tiyà Maryà <i>Aunt Maria</i>, si -Mà ŋ Andrès</span> <i>Uncle Andrés</i>, -<i>Don Andrés</i>, <a id="a189.43" name= -"a189.43"></a><span lang="tl">si Ginoò ŋ -Polikàrpiyo</span> <i>Mr. Policarpio</i>, <span lang="tl">si -Gíniŋ Màrkes</span> <i>Miss</i> or <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb190" href="#pb190" name= -"pb190">190</a>]</span><i>Mrs. Marques</i>, <span lang="tl">si -Párì Hwàn</span> <i>Father Juan</i>, <span lang= -"tl">si Mayèstro ŋ Pédro</span> <i>Teacher -Pedro</i>, <i>Master Pedro</i>, <span lang="tl">si Báo ŋ -Mariyà</span> <i>Widow Maria</i><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e26617" title="Not in source">, <span lang="tl">si nasíra -ŋ Mariyà</span> <i>the deceased Maria</i></span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e26625"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>3</i>)</span> <i>words used -as absolute attributes of manner and time</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p257" class="par first"><b>257.</b> The words used as absolute -attributes of manner and <span class="lineNum">5</span>time resemble in -meaning conjunctive attributes and are frequently used in the latter -construction. As a rule they are loosely joined and absolute. In this -way are used:</p> -<p id="p258" class="par"><b>258.</b> Derivatives by doubling of words -of time, in the sense of <i>every</i> (<i>day</i>, <i>night</i>, etc.). -With these goes the compound <span lang= -"tl">áraw-gabè</span> <a id="a190.10" name= -"a190.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span><i>day and night</i>. For -both formations see Morphology. <span lang="tl">Hinàhatdan -nyà akò naŋ gátas -áraw-áraw.</span> <i>He delivers milk to me <a id= -"a190.12" name="a190.12"></a>every day.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Gabi-gabì ay tinùtulúgan naŋ -bantày aŋ áki ŋ báhay.</span> <i>Every -night the sentry makes our house his sleeping-place.</i></p> -<p id="p259" class="par"><b>259.</b> Words with prefix <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> referring to past time (see Morphology): <a id= -"a190.15" name="a190.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pàtáya ŋ naŋyári -kagabì ay paglalasìŋ aŋ nagìŋ -<a id="a190.16" name="a190.16"></a>sanhèʾ.</span> <i>The -killing that occurred last night had drunkenness as <a id="a190.17" -name="a190.17"></a>its cause.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -áso sa báya ŋ itò ay nagtàhúlan -kagabè.</span> <i>The dogs in this town all bayed last -night.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kabáyo ay namatày -kahápon.</span> <i>The horse died yesterday.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pumaroòn akò kamakalawà.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">20</span><i>I went there day before yesterday.</i></p> -<p class="par">These may be followed by a disjunctive attribute telling -the <a id="a190.22" name="a190.22"></a>specific time when: <span lang= -"tl">Nagsipútol kamì naŋ tubò kahápon -naŋ <a id="a190.23" name="a190.23"></a>hápon.</span> <i>We -cut sugar-cane yesterday afternoon.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">kahápon naŋ <a id="a190.24" name= -"a190.24"></a>umága</span> <i>yesterday morning</i>.</p> -<p id="p260" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>260.</b> -Words of time with prefix <span lang="tl">kinà-</span> and -suffix <span lang="tl">-an</span> expressing actual past time (see -Morphology): <span lang= -"tl">Kinàháti-ŋ-gabihàn <a id="a190.27" name= -"a190.27"></a>ay nágisiŋ syà.</span> <i>When -midnight came he woke up.</i> <span lang="tl">Kinàbukásan -hinánap silà naŋ kanila ŋ amà.</span> -<i>On the next day they were called by their father.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>With disjunctive -attribute telling the special time: <span lang= -"tl">Kinàbukásan naŋ hápun ay naparoòn -sila sa simbáhan.</span> <i>On the next day in the afternoon -they went to church.</i></p> -<p id="p261" class="par"><b>261.</b> Words of time preceded by the -pronouns <span lang="tl">boòʾ</span> and <span lang= -"tl">isà</span> <a id="a190.34" name="a190.34"></a>as -conjunctive modifiers: <span lang="tl">Sila y nagsipagsugàl -gabi-gabì boò ŋ <a id="a190.35" name= -"a190.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>magdamàg.</span> -<i>They gambled all night every night.</i> <span lang="tl">Isa ŋ -áraw naupó sya sa taburéte.</span> <i>One day he -sat down on his chair.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ iyò ŋ -kapatìd ay nalígo isa ŋ hápon.</span> <i>Your -sister bathed one afternoon.</i> <span lang="tl">Isa ŋ gabì -ay nárinig ko....</span> <i>One evening I heard....</i> So: -<span lang="tl">isa ŋ kataŋhalían</span> <i>one -midday</i>, <span lang="tl">isa ŋ liŋgò</span> <i>one -Sunday</i>, <span lang="tl">isa ŋ <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>taŋháleʾ</span> <i>one noon</i>, -<span lang="tl">isa ŋ umága</span> <i>one morning</i>. As -conjunctive attributes: <span lang="tl">Sya y naglálakad na isa -ŋ gabì.</span> <i>He was walking one <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb191" href="#pb191" name= -"pb191">191</a>]</span>night.</i> <span lang="tl">Páparoon sya -ŋ isa ŋ liŋgò.</span> <i>He will come one -Sunday.</i> <a id="a191.2" name="a191.2"></a>Those with <span lang= -"tl">boòʾ</span> also as local attributes: <span lang= -"tl">Nakatahul nà aŋ maŋa áso sa boò -ŋ magdamàg.</span> <i>The dogs have been barking all -night.</i></p> -<p id="p262" class="par"><b>262.</b> Various words of time:</p> -<p id="p262.1" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>(1) -<span lang="tl">antimáno</span> <i>beforehand</i> (Spanish).</p> -<p id="p262.2" class="par"><a id="a191.6" name="a191.6"></a>(2) -<span lang="tl">búkas</span> <i>tomorrow</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Magpàpapútol ba táyo naŋ káhoy -búkas?</span> <i>Are we going to have some wood cut -tomorrow?</i> With disjunctive <a id="a191.8" name= -"a191.8"></a>attribute of specific time: <span lang= -"tl">Magsìsipútol kamì naŋ tubò -búkas naŋ umága.</span> <i>We are going to cut -sugar-cane tomorrow <span class="lineNum">10</span>morning.</i></p> -<p class="par">(3) <span lang="tl">dáti</span> <i>for a long -time already</i>; <i>formerly</i>; it is sometimes closely joined: -<span lang="tl">aŋ mukhá naŋ babáye, na -dáti y nagpàpakilála naŋ malakì ŋ -paghihírap</span> <i>the face of the woman, which before <a id= -"a191.14" name="a191.14"></a>had been showing great suffering</i>; -<span lang="tl">Dáti náriyàn aŋ mansà -ŋ iyàn.</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>That spot -has been there for a long time.</i> As conjunctive attribute: <a id= -"a191.16" name="a191.16"></a><span lang="tl">Dáti sya ŋ -napàparíto sa áki ŋ báhay.</span> -<i>He has been coming to my house since long ago.</i></p> -<p id="p262.4" class="par">(4) <span lang="tl">kadalasàn</span> -<i>often</i>, <i>usually</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ -pinasàsakítan kadalasà y nagáanyo ŋ -pára ŋ ulòl.</span> <i>The person he is injuring -<span class="lineNum">20</span>usually acts as if crazy.</i></p> -<p id="p262.5" class="par">(5) <span lang="tl">kanína</span> -<i>a little while ago</i>, <i>just now</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Sinábi ko na pò sa inyo kanína, na....</span> -<i>I just told you a little while ago that....</i></p> -<p class="par">With a conjunctive attribute of the specific time in the -phrase <span lang="tl">kanína ŋ umága</span> <i>this -morning</i>, which may be closely <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>joined: <span lang="tl">Kumáin ka ba -kanína ŋ umága naŋ -karnè?—Hindí ako kumáin naŋ -karnè kanína ŋ umága.</span> <i>Did you eat -meat this morning?—I did not eat meat this morning.</i></p> -<p id="p262.6" class="par">(6) <span lang="tl">karanyúwan</span> -<i>mostly</i>, <i>usually</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ kosinéro -karanyúwa y upahàn.</span> <i>The cook is usually -hired.</i></p> -<p id="p262.7" class="par"><a id="a191.30" name= -"a191.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>(7) <span lang= -"tl">káylan, kélan</span> <i>when?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Káylan ako malìlígoʾ?</span> <i>When -shall <a id="a191.31" name="a191.31"></a>I bathe?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Káylan pa kayà -paŋhìhinayáŋan naŋ maŋa táo -aŋ <a id="a191.32" name="a191.32"></a>maŋa áni ŋ -taòn-taò y nàsìsíra naŋ -luktòn o naŋ túyot?</span> <i>When, pray, will the -people regret the harvests every year destroyed by locusts or by -drought?</i> So <span lang="tl">káylan màn</span> <i>at -any time</i>, <i>ever</i>, <i>always</i> <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>(§§ <a href="#p221">221</a>. 317): -<span lang="tl">Káylan mà y hindí -nilìlimútan si Maryà.</span> <i>Maria was never -forgotten.</i></p> -<p id="p262.8" class="par">(8) <span lang= -"tl">makálawà</span> <i>twice</i>, when with <span lang= -"tl">maghápon</span> <i>per day</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Naàári <a id="a191.38" name="a191.38"></a>ako ŋ -malígo makálawa maghápun, dahilàn sa -kainítan.</span> <i>I can bathe twice a day on account of the -heat.</i> Alone <span lang="tl">makálawà</span> is a -<span class="lineNum">40</span>conjunctive attribute: <span lang= -"tl">Makálawa ko ŋ itinanùŋ kuŋ -saàn sya <a id="a191.41" name= -"a191.41"></a>páparoòn, dátapuwat hindí nya -ako sinagòt.</span> <i>I asked him twice where he was going, but -he did not answer me.</i> <span lang="tl">Maghápon</span> does -not occur alone. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb192" href="#pb192" -name="pb192">192</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">(9) <span lang="tl">mámayàʾ, -mámyàʾ</span> <i>after a while</i>, <i>soon</i>, -with a disjunctive <a id="a192.2" name="a192.2"></a>attribute of the -specific time when: <span lang="tl">Mámyá naŋ -kauntìʾ ay áalis akò.</span> <i>In a little -while I am going.</i> As conjunctive modifier; the phrase so formed is -used like <span lang="tl">mámayàʾ</span> alone: -<span lang="tl">Mámaya ŋ gabì <a id="a192.5" name= -"a192.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>ay pàpások -táyo sa teyátro.</span> <i>This evening we shall go to -the theatre.</i></p> -<p id="p262.10" class="par">(10) <span lang="tl">mínsan</span> -<i>once</i>, <i>once upon a time</i>: <span lang="tl">Mínsan -sila y <span class="corr" id="xd21e27269" title= -"Source: nakáraan">nakáraàn</span> naŋ isa -ŋ púno-ŋ-nyòg.</span> <i>Once upon a time they -came across a cocoanut-tree.</i> With <span lang="tl">màn</span> -<i>at any one time</i> (§ <a href="#p221">221</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Mínsan <span class="lineNum">10</span>màn ay -hindí sya náuna.</span> <i>Not a single time did he -succeed in getting ahead.</i> As conjunctive attribute: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ tatlo ŋ itù y nagtìpána ŋ -mínsan.</span> <i>These three once made an appointment.</i></p> -<p id="p262.11" class="par">(11) <span lang= -"tl">ŋayòn</span> <i>now</i>, <i>just now</i>, <i>today</i> -(cf. § <a href="#p302">302</a>): <span lang="tl">Sya y nása -<a id="a192.14" name="a192.14"></a>Mayníla -ŋayòn.</span> <i>He is in Manila today.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ŋayòn ay maŋàkàkatúlog -<span class="lineNum">15</span>silà.</span> <i>Now they will be -able to sleep.</i> So <span lang="tl">ŋayon dìn</span> -<i>right now</i> (§ <a href="#p218">218</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Umalìs ka ŋayon dìn.</span> <i>Go away this -minute.</i></p> -<p id="p262.12" class="par">(12) <span lang="tl">paráti</span> -<i>often</i>: <span lang="tl">Mahína aŋ kanyà ŋ -katawàn at paráti sa sakìt.</span> <i>Her body was -weak and often in sickness.</i> Also conjunctive: <span lang= -"tl">Akò y paráti ŋ -nàhàhábol.</span> <i>I am often pursued.</i></p> -<p id="p262.13" class="par"><a id="a192.20" name= -"a192.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>(13) <span lang= -"tl">siyèmpre</span> (Spanish) <i>always</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ paggalàw na pagtagílid <a id="a192.21" name= -"a192.21"></a>ay syèmpre</span> (or: <span lang= -"tl">káylan màn ay</span>) <span lang="tl">sa -kaikliàn naŋ baŋkàʾ, dátapuwat -<a id="a192.22" name="a192.22"></a>aŋ pagtikwàs ay sa -kahabáan.</span> <i>The movement of rocking is always along the -short axis of a boat, but pitching is along its length.</i></p> -<p id="p263" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>263.</b> -Four words of place, which serve also as local forms of the -demonstrative pronouns (§ <a href="#p199">199</a>). They are, -corresponding to the four demonstrative pronouns: <span lang= -"tl">díne, ríne; díto, ríto; diyàn, -dyàn, riyàn; doòn, roòn.</span> They occur -in every position which an attribute can have:</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>Loosely joined, -preceding: <span lang="tl">Doòn ay sinalúboŋ sya -naŋ susòʾ.</span> <i>There he was met by the -snail.</i> <span lang="tl">Díto nàmálas nya -ŋ....</span> <i>Here he perceived that....</i></p> -<p class="par">Loosely joined, following: <span lang="tl">Taginit -nà naŋ sya y dumatiŋ díto.</span> <i>It was -already summer when he arrived here.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -alílaʾ ay <span class="lineNum">35</span>ipinagamùt -nya díto.</span> <i>The servant was-ordered-to-be-cured by-him -<a id="a192.36" name="a192.36"></a>of-the-latter</i>, i. e. <i>He had -the latter cure the servant</i>. <span lang="tl">Alis -dyàn!</span> <i>Get away there!</i> (e. g. to a dog). -<span lang="tl">Alìs na riyàn, Pédro.</span> <i>Go -away <a id="a192.38" name="a192.38"></a>from there, Pedro.</i> -<span lang="tl">Mátira ka dyàn.</span> <i>Stay -there.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a192.39" name="a192.39"></a>Closely joined, -preceding: <span lang="tl">Díne ako -maúupòʾ.</span> <i>I am going <a id="a192.40" name= -"a192.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>to sit right here.</i> -<span lang="tl">Díto ka na makikáin sa -ámin.</span> <i>Eat here with us.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Díto nya ginámit aŋ kanya ŋ -lakàs.</span> <i>For this he used his <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb193" href="#pb193" name= -"pb193">193</a>]</span>strength.</i> <span lang="tl">Doòn sila -magpalípas naŋ bakasyòn.</span> <i>There they are to -spend the vacation.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a193.3" name="a193.3"></a>Closely joined, -following: <span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ ilagay díto -aŋ palatòn.</span> <i>Don’t put the plate -here.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>Enclitic: <span lang= -"tl">Dalhìn mo ríto iyò ŋ librò ŋ -binàbása ko kagabì.</span> <i>Bring here the book -I was reading last night.</i> <span lang="tl">Magdalà ka -díto <a id="a193.7" name="a193.7"></a>naŋ -kasapwégo.</span> <i>Bring some matches.</i></p> -<p class="par">These words often precede a local attribute: <span lang= -"tl">Ílag ka dyàn sa daàn.</span> <i>Get out of -the road there.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakitúloy silà sa -ámin doòn <span class="lineNum">10</span>sa -búkid.</span> <i>They asked us to take them in out there in the -country.</i> Note also: <span lang="tl">Sa isa ŋ karitò -ŋ dí maláyo sa báhay, doòn sya -nahigàʾ</span> <i>In a cart not far from the house, there -he lay down.</i></p> -<p id="p264" class="par"><b>264.</b> Similarly <span lang= -"tl">saàn</span> <i>where?</i> which serves also instead of a -local form of <span lang="tl">anò</span> (§ <a href= -"#p199">199</a>). It is closely joined and, as a question-word, <a id= -"a193.15" name="a193.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>precedes: -<span lang="tl">Saàn nároon aŋ kanya ŋ -kapatìd?—Hindí ko nàlàláman -kuŋ saàn nároon aŋ kanya ŋ -kapatìd.</span> <i>Where is his brother?—I don’t -know where his brother is.</i> <span lang="tl">Saan nàndon -sya?</span> <a id="a193.18" name="a193.18"></a><i>Where is he?</i> -<span lang="tl">Saàn mo sya nàkíta?</span> -<i>Where did you see him?</i> <span lang="tl">Saàŋ ka -maúupòʾ?</span> <i>Where are you going to sit?</i> -<span lang="tl">Saàŋ ka gáliŋ?</span> -<span class="lineNum">20</span><i>Where do you come from?</i> (Cf., for -the local value, the answer, e. g.: <span lang="tl">Gáliŋ -ako sa Maynílaʾ.</span> <i>I come from Manila.</i>) -<span lang="tl">Saàn ka <a id="a193.22" name= -"a193.22"></a>naŋgàgáliŋ?</span> <i>Where are -you coming from?</i> <span lang="tl">Saàn ka -naŋgáliŋ?</span> <i>Where have you come from?</i> -<span lang="tl">Saàŋ ka páparon?</span> <i>Where are -you <a id="a193.24" name="a193.24"></a>going?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Saàn ka púpunta?</span> <i>Where are you bound -for?</i> So: <span lang="tl">káhit <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>saàn</span> <i>anywhere at all</i> (§ -<a href="#p248">248</a>): <span lang="tl">Itò y hindí nya -màkíta káhit saàn.</span> <i>He could not -find the latter anywhere.</i></p> -<p class="par">As local form of <span lang="tl">anò, -saàn</span> stands also in conjunctive attribution <a id= -"a193.28" name="a193.28"></a>(§ <a href="#p131">131</a>): -<span lang="tl">Saà ŋ gawèʾ mulá -ríto aŋ báya-ŋ-Kamálig?—Sa -gawì ŋ kánan mulá ríto aŋ -báya-ŋ-Kamálig.</span> <i>In what direction -<span class="lineNum">30</span>from here is the town of -Camalig?—The town of Camalig is to <a id="a193.31" name= -"a193.31"></a>the right of here.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagkaísip -mo, Hwàn, kuŋ saà ŋ báyan ka <a id= -"a193.32" name="a193.32"></a>maghàhánap-búhay ay -sabíhin mo sa ákin.</span> <i>When you have decided, -Juan, in what town you will try to earn your living, tell me.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>As a question-word, -further, <span lang="tl">saàn</span> may form a static predicate -<a id="a193.36" name="a193.36"></a>(§ <a href="#p96">96</a>): -<span lang="tl">Saàn aŋ làgáyan mo naŋ -iyo ŋ sapátos?</span> <i>Where is your place for putting -away your shoes?</i></p> -<p id="p265" class="par"><b>265.</b> Several words of manner:</p> -<p id="p265.1" class="par">(1) The particle <span lang= -"tl">agàd</span> <i>at once</i> and its doubled form <span lang= -"tl">agad-agàd</span> <span class= -"lineNum">40</span><i>immediately</i> (see Morphology) are closely -joined; where <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> can be used, they are -mostly conjunctive: <span lang="tl">Tumakbò sya -agàd.</span> <i>He ran at once</i>, or: <span lang= -"tl">Tumakbò sya ŋ agàd. Minulàn nya -agàd aŋ pagtatalumpáteʾ.</span> <i>He at once -began his speech.</i> <span lang="tl">Agad nà ŋ -lálamìg.</span> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb194" -href="#pb194" name="pb194">194</a>]</span><i>It will soon be cold -now.</i> <span lang="tl">Agad-agàd inùumpisahàn -aŋ pagsisìgáwan.</span> <i>At once the yelling -begins.</i></p> -<p id="p265.2" class="par">(2) <span lang= -"tl">halimbáwaʾ</span> <i>for example</i>, <i>for -instance</i> is loosely joined: <span lang="tl">Kuŋ -halimbáwa y makàkíta sya naŋ isa ŋ -bákol....</span> <i>When, for <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>instance, she saw a basket</i> ... <span lang= -"tl">isa ŋ tahòl naŋ áso -halimbáwaʾ</span> <i>the barking of a dog, for -instance</i>.</p> -<p id="p265.3" class="par">(3) <span lang="tl">hálos</span> -<i>almost</i> is closely joined: <span lang="tl">hálos -lahàt naŋ táo</span> <i>almost all the people</i>, -<span lang="tl">walà ŋ pamamároʾ -hálos</span> <i>almost without clothing</i>.</p> -<p id="p265.4" class="par">(4) <span lang="tl">isa-isà</span> -<i>one by one</i> is closely joined; it is more often conjunctive -<span class="lineNum">10</span>than absolute: <span lang= -"tl">Siniyásat nya isa-isà aŋ maŋa -púnoʾ.</span> <i>She questioned the trees one by one.</i> -<span lang="tl">Itò y sya nyà ŋ isa-isà -ŋ inilaglàg.</span> <i>These he dropped one by one.</i></p> -<p id="p265.5" class="par">(5) <span lang= -"tl">karáka-ráka</span> <i>right away</i>, <i>quickly</i> -(cf. <span lang="tl">pagdáka, pagkaráka</span>, below): -<span lang="tl">“Hindí akò!” winíka -nya karáka-ráka.</span> <i>“It wasn’t -<span class="lineNum">15</span>I!” he said at once.</i></p> -<p class="par">(6) <span lang="tl">katunáyan</span> -<i>truth</i>, as absolute attribute, loosely joined, <i>truly</i>; in -this sense also conjunctive: <span lang="tl">Katunáya y -uwalà ŋ mwàŋ si Hwàn.</span> <i>Really -Juan was ignorant.</i> <span lang="tl">Katunáya ŋ -walá sya ŋ nàlàláman káhit isa -ŋ hóta.</span> <i>He really did not know a single -iota.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>(7) <span lang= -"tl">mìsmo</span> (Spanish) <i>himself</i>, <i>herself</i>, -intensive: <span lang="tl">aŋ nàkùkúlam -mìsmo</span> <i>the bewitched person himself</i>; <span lang= -"tl">siya mìsmo</span> <i>he himself</i>, <i>she -herself</i>.</p> -<p class="par">(8) <span lang="tl">palibhásaʾ</span> is -loosely joined and precedes. It expresses that what follows is stated -as a reason; the construction is apparently <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>not subordinating, but parallel with that of -<span lang="tl">halimbáwaʾ</span> above: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagsasáma ... ay hindí nila -pinápansìn, palibhása y gawá rin -namàn nilà.</span> <i>The living together ... was not -minded by them, the reason being that they did it themselves.</i></p> -<p id="p265.9" class="par">(9) <span lang="tl">pagdáka</span> -and <span lang="tl">pagkaráka</span> <i>immediately</i>, -<i>quickly</i> (synonymous <span class="lineNum">30</span>with -<span lang="tl">karáka-ráka</span> above): <span lang= -"tl">Pagdáka y tinaŋnan nyà aŋ dalawà -ŋ hintutúroʾ naŋ babáye.</span> <i>He -quickly seized the woman’s two forefingers.</i> Also closely -joined: <span lang="tl">Itinanòŋ pagdáka naŋ -médiko....</span> <i>The doctor at once asked....</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e28106"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>4</i>)</span> <i>absolute -complements</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>266.</b> After -certain words which are followed by a complement construction, as -described in § <a href="#p151">151</a> ff., the conjunctive -particle is often omitted, especially where the form <span lang= -"tl">na</span> is required; where <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> is -possible its use is preferred. They are:</p> -<p id="p267" class="par"><b>267.</b> <span lang="tl">íbig</span> -<i>desired</i>, synonymous with <span lang="tl">gustò</span> (of -whose regular <span class="lineNum">40</span>construction examples have -been given in §§ <a href="#p152">152</a>. 158), and -<span lang="tl">áyaw</span> the negative of <span lang= -"tl">íbig</span>. These are usually accompanied by a -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb195" href="#pb195" name= -"pb195">195</a>]</span>disjunctive agent: <span lang="tl">Anò -aŋ íbig nya ŋ sabíhin?</span> <i>What is that -desired by-him that</i> (sc. <i>by-him it</i>, both anaphoric) <i>be -said</i>? or: <i>What is the desired by-him thing-to-be-said?</i> i. e. -<i>What does he want to say?</i> <span lang="tl">Anò aŋ -íbig mo ŋ gawìn nya?</span> <i>What do you want -<span class="lineNum">5</span>him to do?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí na sya íbig labanàn.</span> <i>He was -no longer sought as an opponent.</i> <span lang="tl">Itò y -íbig na gawì ŋ úna.</span> <i>This is desired -to be done first</i>, i. e. <i>One wants to do this first.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ áyaw ko ŋ màkíta ay -isa ŋ núnoʾ.</span> <i>What I don’t want to see -is a ghost.</i> <span lang="tl">Itò y áyaw nya ŋ -gawìn.</span> <i>He does not want to do this.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>Very frequently the -construction is impersonal, in which case the complement (and -quasi-subject, § <a href="#p158">158</a>) may consist of an entire -predication: <span lang="tl">Íbig nya ŋ kumáin -naŋ súhaʾ.</span> <i>It-is-desired by-him that (he) -eat some grape-fruit</i>, i. e. <i>He wants to eat some -grape-fruit</i>. <span lang="tl">Íbig nya ŋ kánin -aŋ súhaʾ.</span> <i>It-is-desired by-him that -<span class="lineNum">15</span>be-eaten (by-him) the grape-fruit</i>, -i. e. <i>He wants to eat the grape-fruit</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Áyaw ipamána naŋ maŋkukúlam aŋ -kanya ŋ kúlam.</span> <i>The sorcerer does not want to -bequeath his magic power.</i></p> -<p class="par">When the person desiring is at the same time the agent -of the complement, the whole expression may serve as predicate or -<span class="lineNum">20</span>attribute of the person desiring; this -construction is rarely used with other than active complements: -<span lang="tl">Sya y íbig kumáin naŋ -súhaʾ.</span> <i>He is desired (by-him) that (he) eat some -grape-fruit</i>, i. e. <i>He wants to eat some grape-fruit</i>, -equivalent to <span lang="tl">Íbig nya ŋ kumáin -naŋ súhaʾ</span>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kúbaʾ ay hindi rìn íbig -umakyàt.</span> <i>The <span class="lineNum">25</span>hunchback -too did not want to climb.</i> <span lang="tl">isa ŋ -Kastílaʾ na íbig malígoʾ</span> <i>a -Spaniard who wanted to bathe</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -sundálo ay áyaw pumáyag.</span> <i>The soldier did -not want to consent.</i></p> -<p class="par">Without complement (or with anaphorically omitted -complement): <span lang="tl">Anò aŋ íbig mo?</span> -<i>What is it you want?</i> <span lang="tl">Íbig ko pà -<span class="lineNum">30</span>naŋ kánin.</span> -<i>There-is-desire by-me still of boiled rice</i>, i. e. <i>I want some -more boiled rice</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ larò ŋ -taguàn ay íbig naŋ maŋa -bátaʾ.</span> <i>Children like the game of -hide-and-seek.</i> <span lang="tl">Áyaw ko.</span> <i>I -don’t want to</i>; less commonly: <span lang="tl">Áyaw -akò.</span></p> -<p id="p268" class="par"><b>268.</b> <span lang= -"tl">dápat</span> <i>proper</i>, <i>necessary</i> and -<span lang="tl">súkat</span> <i>fitting</i>, <i>right</i>: -<span lang="tl">Itò <a id="a195.35" name= -"a195.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>y dápat -gawìn.</span> <i>This ought to be done.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya -y dápat palúin.</span> <i>He ought to be thrashed.</i> -<span lang="tl">Anò aŋ dápat nya ŋ -gawìn?</span> <i>What ought to be done by him?</i> i. e. <i>What -ought he do?</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ isà y dápat -múna ŋ magsilbè sa dimóniyo.</span> <i>One -must first serve the demon.</i> <a id="a195.39" name= -"a195.39"></a><span lang="tl">Hindí mo súkat -ikagálit aŋ maŋa tuksò.</span> <i>It is not -right for you <span class="lineNum">40</span>to get angry at jokes</i>, -literally: <i>Jokes are not by-you a fitting cause of anger</i>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb196" href="#pb196" name= -"pb196">196</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Without complement: <span lang="tl">Itò y -súkat nà.</span> <i>This is right</i>, -<i>sufficient.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>269.</b> Words with prefix <span lang= -"tl">ma-</span>, expressing the possessor of a quality, and their -derivatives (see Morphology), have occasionally <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>an absolute instead of a conjunctive complement. -Those so used are:</p> -<p id="p269.1" class="par">(1) <span lang="tl">madalàs</span> -<i>often</i>, <i>frequent</i>, <i>regular</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Akò y madalàs magkumpisàl.</span> <i>I was -regular at going to confession</i>, or: <i>a regular confessor</i>. -But: <span lang="tl">Madalàs nila ŋ sinalakáyan -aŋ báyan.</span> <i>They frequently <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>attacked the town.</i></p> -<p id="p269.2" class="par">(2) <span lang= -"tl">magalìŋ</span> <i>skilful</i>, <i>clever</i>, -<i>polite</i>: <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay magalìŋ -gumámit naŋ daràs.</span> <i>Juan was clever at -using the adze</i>, or: <i>a clever user of the adze</i>, or: -<i>cleverly used the adze</i>. But: <span lang="tl">Magalìŋ -sya ŋ tumugtòg naŋ piyáno.</span> <i>She plays -the piano well.</i></p> -<p id="p269.3" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>(3) -<span lang="tl">mahírap</span> <i>suffering</i>, -<i>destitute</i>, <i>difficult</i> (i. e. <i>having hardship</i>, -actively or passively): <span lang="tl">Aŋ aswàŋ ay -mahírap mápatay.</span> <i>A vampire is hard -to-be-killed</i>, i. e. <i>hard to kill</i>. Regular constructions: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagabùt naŋ búŋa ŋ -itò ay mahírap.</span> <i>The reaching this fruit is -hard</i>, i. e. <i>The fruit is hard to reach</i>. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ mahírap <span class="lineNum">20</span>na -kasamà</span> <i>the poor laborer</i>.</p> -<p id="p269.4" class="par">(4) <span lang="tl">mahúsay</span> -<i>able</i>, <i>good (at doing something)</i>, <i>in good shape</i>: -<a id="a196.22" name="a196.22"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -táo sa báyan ay mahuhúsay sumunòd sa -kautusàn.</span> <i>The people in the town are good -law-abiders.</i> But: <span lang="tl">aŋ pinakamahúsay -<a id="a196.24" name="a196.24"></a>na magsalitàʾ</span> -<i>the best at speaking</i>; <span lang="tl">Aŋ lípà -naŋ lúpaʾ ay <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>mahúsay.</span> <i>The smearing</i> (with -sticky mud) <i>of the ground</i> (in the threshing-room for rice) <i>is -well done</i>.</p> -<p id="p269.5" class="par"><a id="a196.27" name="a196.27"></a>(5) -<span lang="tl">maínam</span> <i>pleasant</i>, <i>tasty</i>, -<i>good</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ manòk na -kawalàʾ ay hindí maínam -patayìn.</span> <i>Chickens that run free are not good for -killing.</i> Cf.: <span lang="tl">isa ŋ maínam na -siŋsìŋ</span> <i>a pretty ring</i>.</p> -<p id="p269.6" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>(6) -<span lang="tl">malakàs</span> <i>strong</i>, <i>powerful</i>, -<i>loud</i>: <span lang="tl">Sya y malakàs kumáin.</span> -<i>He is great at eating</i>, or: <i>a great eater</i>; also: -<span lang="tl">malakàs na kumáin.</span> Cf.: -<span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa táo ŋ -malalakàs</span> <i>strong men</i>, <span lang="tl">Sya y -tumáwa naŋ malakàs.</span> <i>He laughed -aloud.</i></p> -<p id="p269.7" class="par"><a id="a196.34" name="a196.34"></a>(7) -<span lang="tl">maluwàt, malwàt</span> <i>long (in -time)</i>, <i>slow</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpútol <a id= -"a196.35" name="a196.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>naŋ -buhòk ay maluwàt màtutúhan.</span> -<i>Hair-cutting takes long to learn.</i> Cf.: <span lang= -"tl">Syà y nagkalatimbà ŋ maluwàt.</span> -<i>He squatted on <a id="a196.37" name="a196.37"></a>heels</i> (as -exercise or punishment) <i>many times</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Natùtúlog akò naŋ maluwàt.</span> -<i>I sleep late.</i></p> -<p id="p269.8" class="par">(8) <span lang= -"tl">marúnoŋ</span> <i>wise</i>, <i>knowing how</i>: -<span lang="tl">Sya y marúnuŋ gumupìt <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>naŋ buhòk.</span> <i>He knew how to cut -hair.</i> But: <span lang="tl">Marúnoŋ sya ŋ -sumakày sa kabáyo.</span> <i>He knows how to ride -horseback.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ marúnoŋ na -pagòŋ</span> <i>the clever turtle</i>; <span lang="tl">Isa -ŋ sundálo ŋ marúnuŋ naŋ -Latìn.</span> <i>A soldier who knew Latin.</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb197" href="#pb197" name="pb197">197</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e28865"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>5</i>)</span> <i>words used -with disjunctive and local attributes</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>270.</b> Certain words form with their -attributes phrases that are used as absolute attributes, for the most -part loosely joined. The phrase-forming attributes are either (A) -disjunctive or (B) <span class="lineNum">5</span>local.</p> -<p id="p271" class="par"><b>271.</b> (A) <span lang= -"tl">akálaʾ</span> <i>a thought</i> followed by a -disjunctive possessor: <i>as so-and-so thinks</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Akála ko y gamit nà aŋ sombréro ŋ -itò.</span> <i>I think this hat has been used already, is -second-hand.</i> More <a id="a197.9" name="a197.9"></a>commonly these -phrases are used as local attribute: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -haraŋà <a id="a197.10" name="a197.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>ŋ iyòn na naŋyári -kagabè sa akála ko y paháraŋ ni -Andrès.</span> <i>The hold-up which took place last night was, -in my opinion, planned by Andrés.</i></p> -<p id="p272" class="par"><b>272.</b> <span lang="tl">gáya</span> -<i>like</i>, <i>resembling</i>, <i>in the manner of</i>; for the -disjunctive attribute cf. § <a href="#p177">177</a>: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ maŋa púno-ŋ-káhoy, gáya -naŋ <span class="lineNum">15</span>tsíko</span> <i>trees -like the custard-apple</i>; <span lang="tl">Gáya naŋ -karanyúwan inumpisahàn naŋ kúra aŋ kanya -ŋ sèrmon.</span> <i>As usual, the priest began his -sermon.</i> <span lang="tl">Magaàn aŋ sípaʾ, -hindí gáya naŋ bóla ŋ gámit sa -bèsbol.</span> <i>The football is light, unlike the ball used in -baseball.</i> These phrases occur also as conjunctive attributes: -<span lang="tl">Hindí umuwé <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>si Kíko na gáya naŋ -karanyúwan.</span> <i>Kiko did not go home as usual.</i> <a id= -"a197.21" name="a197.21"></a>Normal constructions: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ húni naŋ íbo ŋ pipìt ay -gáya naŋ <a id="a197.22" name="a197.22"></a>isa ŋ -sutsòt.</span> <i>The chirp of the humming-bird is like a -whistling.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa gáya mo</span> -<i>those like you</i>, <i>people like you</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>273.</b> <span lang="tl">kasáma</span> (in -normal constructions <i>companion</i>): <i>as companion <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>of</i>, <i>in company with</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Namundok syà kasáma naŋ ilà maŋa -táo-ŋ-báyan.</span> <i>He took the mountains along -with a few fellow-townsmen.</i></p> -<p id="p274" class="par"><b>274.</b> Abstracts of action with prefixes -in <span lang="tl">p-</span> (see Morphology) express the <i>time -when</i> or (so <span lang="tl">pagka-</span> and <span lang= -"tl">pagkà-</span>) the <i>time <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>immediately after which</i>. They sometimes occur -without a disjunctive modifier. Cf. § <a href="#p300">300</a>. -<span lang="tl">Pagulàn ay gamítin mo aŋ -kapóte.</span> <i>When it rains use your raincoat.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pagdatìŋ niya ay sabíhin mo ŋ -maghintày.</span> <i>When he arrives tell him to wait</i>, -literally: <a id="a197.34" name="a197.34"></a><i>At the arriving of him -be-it-said by-you that (he) wait</i>. <span lang="tl">Pagkasúnog -<span class="lineNum">35</span>naŋ báhay ay hinánap -nilà aŋ aláhas.</span> <i>When the house had <a id= -"a197.36" name="a197.36"></a>burned down they looked for the -jewelry.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagakpakan mò si Hwàn -pagkaraàn naŋ kanyà ŋ -talumpáteʾ.</span> <i>Applaud Juan when his speech is -done.</i></p> -<p id="p275" class="par"><b>275.</b> <span lang="tl">pára</span> -<i>like</i> is followed by a conjunctive (instead of a <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>disjunctive) object expression whenever an -indefinite object is meant (§ <a href="#p68">68</a>). The phrase -so formed is often a conjunctive attribute. It is closely joined: -<span lang="tl">Si Pédro màn pára ni Hwàn -ay <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb198" href="#pb198" name= -"pb198">198</a>]</span><a id="a198.1" name= -"a198.1"></a>nábilaŋgòʾ.</span> <i>Pedro too, -like Juan, was put in jail.</i> But: <span lang="tl">May katawàn -sya ŋ pára ŋ táo.</span> <i>He has a body like -a human being.</i> Normal constructions: <span lang="tl">Pára ka -ŋ kúra.</span> <i>You are like a priest.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ lamìg naŋ kanya ŋ kamày ay -pára ŋ sa patày.</span> <i>The coldness of -<span class="lineNum">5</span>his hand is like that of a dead -person.</i> (Cf. § <a href="#p209">209</a>).</p> -<p id="p276" class="par"><b>276.</b> <span lang="tl">sábi</span> -<i>saying</i>, <i>that said</i>: <span lang="tl">Sábi daw -nyà ay malakì aŋ súnog.</span> <i>He says, I -am told, that the fire was big.</i></p> -<p id="p277" class="par"><a id="a198.8" name="a198.8"></a><b>277.</b> -(B) <span lang="tl">alintána</span> <i>despite</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Nàbálot ko nà aŋ maŋa librò, -<a id="a198.9" name="a198.9"></a>alintána sa karamíhan -nitò.</span> <i>I have managed to pack the books, <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>in spite of their number.</i></p> -<p id="p278" class="par"><b>278.</b> <span lang="tl">áyon</span> -<i>according to</i> (giving the source of a statement): <a id="a198.12" -name="a198.12"></a><span lang="tl">Áyon sa sábi naŋ -marámi ay màpàpaghuli na ràw aŋ -maŋa magnanákaw.</span> <i>According to what people say, -the robbers are now near to being caught.</i></p> -<p id="p279" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>279.</b> -<span lang="tl">bukòd</span> <i>beside</i>, <i>in addition -to</i>: <span lang="tl">Bukòd sa asáwa ay may -dalawà sya ŋ anàk.</span> <i>Beside his wife, he had -two children.</i></p> -<p id="p280" class="par"><b>280.</b> <span lang= -"tl">dáhil</span> <i>reason</i>, <i>cause</i> and its derivative -<span lang="tl">dahilàn,</span> both <a id="a198.18" name= -"a198.18"></a>here in the sense: <i>on account of</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Hindí nakatahòl aŋ áso dáhil sa -kanya ŋ kahináan.</span> <i>The dog was not able to bark, -on account <span class="lineNum">20</span>of his weakness</i>, i. e. -<i>was so weak that he could not bark</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Hinúle <a id="a198.21" name="a198.21"></a>si Hwàn -naŋ pulìs dahilàn sa pagháraŋ na -ginawá nya kina Andrès at kanila ŋ maŋa -kaybígan.</span> <i>Juan was arrested by the policeman for -having held up Andrés’ party and their friends.</i> -<span lang="tl">Dahilàn <a id="a198.24" name="a198.24"></a>sa -kanya ŋ pagkàgúlat ay nápaupú -sya.</span> <i>In his surprise he <span class="lineNum">25</span>sank -down on his chair.</i></p> -<p class="par">Note especially <span lang="tl">dáhil -díto, dahil díto</span> <i>on account of this</i>, -<i>therefore</i>; the omission of <span lang="tl">ay, y</span> is -<span class="corr" id="xd21e29361" title= -"Source: especiall">especially</span> frequent, see § <a href= -"#p120">120</a>, A, and the example there given. <span lang= -"tl">Dáhil díto ay nadílat aŋ kanya ŋ -maŋa matà.</span> <i>Through this his eyes were -opened.</i></p> -<p id="p281" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>281.</b> The -particle <span lang="tl">káy, ké</span> <i>than</i>, -<i>more than</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ búŋa ŋ -itò <a id="a198.31" name="a198.31"></a>y matamìs -káy sa asúkal.</span> <i>This fruit is sweeter than -sugar.</i> <span lang="tl">malakàs ké sa -kanyà</span> <i>stronger than he</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The combination <span lang="tl">káy sa</span> has -so much unity that the <span lang="tl">sa</span> is often repeated or -used where unnecessary: so always before a <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>proper name: <span lang="tl">Aŋ báta -ŋ si Pédro ay mataàs naŋ kauntèʾ -káy sa sa lamésa.</span> <i>Little Pedro is a bit taller -than the table.</i> <span lang="tl">lálu ŋ mabagsìk -káy sa ríto</span> <i>more fierce than this</i>; -<span lang="tl">Aŋ báta ŋ si Pédro ay -mataàs naŋ kauntèʾ káy sa kay -Hwàn.</span> <i>Little Pedro is a bit taller than Juan.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y mabúte ŋ tumugtùg ké sa -kay Hwána.</span> <span class="lineNum">40</span><i>She plays -better than Juana.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay -magúlaŋ káy sa kay Pédro.</span> <i>Juan is -older than Pedro.</i></p> -<p class="par">Owing to the construction described at § <a href= -"#p120">120</a> this construction <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb199" -href="#pb199" name="pb199">199</a>]</span>may be ambiguous: <span lang= -"tl">Lálo ŋ malakì aŋ gálit ni -Hwàn káy sa kay Pédro.</span> <i>Juan’s -anger is greater than Pedro’s.</i></p> -<p id="p282" class="par"><b>282.</b> <span lang= -"tl">lában</span> <i>against</i>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -gálit lában sa kanyà</span> <i>anger against -him</i>, <span lang="tl">Aŋ kapaŋyaríhan ay -ginàgámit nya lában sa kanya ŋ maŋa -<span class="lineNum">5</span>kaáway.</span> <i>He uses his -power against his enemies.</i></p> -<p id="p283" class="par"><b>283.</b> <span lang= -"tl">líban</span> <i>except</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -maŋa karumáta ŋ itò ay upahàn, -líban na lámaŋ sa ilàn.</span> <i>These -carriages are hired, except only for a few.</i></p> -<p id="p284" class="par"><b>284.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">mulàʾ</span> <i>from</i> and its derivative -<span lang="tl">magmulàʾ</span> <span class= -"lineNum">10</span><i>starting from</i>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -gitnàʾ mulá sa magkábila ŋ -dúlo</span> <i>the middle from both ends</i>; <span lang= -"tl">aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa súgat mulá sa -paà haŋgàŋ úlo</span> <i>his wounds from -feet to head</i>; <span lang="tl">mulá ríto</span> -<i>from here</i>. With disjunctive attribute of time instead of local -attribute: <span lang="tl">mulá noòn</span> <i>from then -on</i>, <i>from that time</i>.</p> -<p id="p285" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>285.</b> -Words of manner with prefix <span lang="tl">pa-</span> (see -Morphology): <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa táo ay -nagsipagtakbúhan papalabàs sa simbáhan.</span> -<i>The people ran leaving</i> (i. e. <i>out of</i>) <i>the church</i>. -<span lang="tl">Ipinatúluy nya aŋ paglalakàd -papuntà sa isa ŋ báhay.</span> <i>He continued -walking (directed) toward a certain house.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>Commonest is <span lang= -"tl">patúŋo</span> <i>directed towards</i>, <i>aiming -for</i>: <span lang="tl">Tumakbo syà patúŋu sa -ílog.</span> <i>He ran towards the river.</i></p> -<p class="par">Regular construction: <span lang="tl">Sya y -papuntà sa láŋit.</span> <i>He was on the way to -Heaven.</i></p> -<p id="p286" class="par"><b>286.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">parà, pára</span> (Spanish) <i>for</i>, equivalent -to <a id="a199.25" name="a199.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span><span lang="tl">úkol</span> (§ <a href= -"#p288">288</a>): <span lang="tl">Nagbwàl sila naŋ isa -ŋ báka pára sa fiyèsta.</span> <i>They -slaughtered a cow for the fiesta.</i> <span lang="tl">Humúkay -sila naŋ malálim parà <a id="a199.27" name= -"a199.27"></a>sa patày.</span> <i>They dug a deep pit for the -corpse.</i> <span lang="tl">Pumútol ka bà naŋ -damò parà sa kabáyo?</span> <i>Have you cut any -grass for the horse?</i> Also as conjunctive attribute, modifying an -object expression: <a id="a199.30" name="a199.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">Sulat nà aŋ líham -na pára kay Hwána.</span> <i>The letter for Juana is -written.</i></p> -<p id="p287" class="par"><a id="a199.32" name="a199.32"></a><b>287.</b> -<span lang="tl">tuŋkòl</span> <i>about</i>, -<i>concerning</i>: <span lang="tl">Nasiyásat naŋ -hukòm aŋ <a id="a199.33" name="a199.33"></a>lahàt -naŋ bágay tuŋkòl sa kanila ŋ -úsap.</span> <i>The judge inquired into all the matters relating -to their suit.</i> Cf.: <span lang="tl">aŋ tuŋkùl sa -súnog</span> <span class="lineNum">35</span><i>the details about -the fire</i>.</p> -<p id="p288" class="par"><b>288.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">úkol</span> is synonymous with <span lang= -"tl">parà</span> (§ <a href="#p286">286</a>) and -<span lang="tl">tuŋkòl</span>: <span lang= -"tl">Humúkay sila naŋ malálim úkol sa -patày.</span> This phrase as predicate: <span lang= -"tl">Iyò y úkol sa maŋa hírap sa -infiyèrno.</span> <i>This was about the sufferings in Hell.</i> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb200" href="#pb200" name= -"pb200">200</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e29792"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>6</i>)</span> <i>words -introducing subordinate phrases or predications</i>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p289" class="par first"><b>289.</b> Certain words precede words, -phrases, and whole predications which are thereby subordinated to the -main sentence as absolute attributes, loosely joined.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>The syntactic relation of -these words to the expressions which they introduce seems to be the -peculiar one described in § <a href="#p54">54</a>. However, some -of them are plainly joined to their phrase by <span lang="tl">na, -ŋ</span>, and others end in <span lang="tl">-ŋ</span> or -<span lang="tl">-t</span>. Most of them merely precede the phrase, -others are closely joined.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>Finally, in a few cases -predications apparently not introduced by any subordinating word are -used as absolute attributes.</p> -<p id="p290" class="par"><b>290.</b> <span lang="tl">bagà</span> -(§ <a href="#p216">216</a>), in this sense always followed by -<span lang="tl">màn</span> (§ <a href="#p221">221</a>), -<i>although</i>, is less used than <span lang="tl">káhit</span> -(§ <a href="#p294">294</a>). See also § <a href= -"#p317">317</a>. <a id="a200.14" name="a200.14"></a><span lang= -"tl">Baga màn nakapagpasyàl si Pédro, -nátira kamì sa báhay.</span> <i>Although -<span class="lineNum">15</span>Pedro managed to take a walk, we staid -home.</i></p> -<p id="p291" class="par"><b>291.</b> <span lang= -"tl">bágo</span>, in this use <i>before</i> (in point of time), -has closely joined position as regards its phrase: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ maŋa kabáyo ŋ ginàgámit -<a id="a200.18" name="a200.18"></a>naŋ maŋa kanyunéros -naŋ gubyèrno ay pinaíinum múna, bágo -pakánin.</span> <i>The horses used by the artillery of the -government <a id="a200.20" name="a200.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>are watered first, before they are fed.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagkantáhan silà bágo -naguwían.</span> <i>They sang together before they went -home.</i> <span lang="tl">Bágo sya y sumúlat ay -makipagúsap ka sa kanyà.</span> <i>Before he writes have -a <a id="a200.23" name="a200.23"></a>talk with him.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magísip ka bágo ka sumagòt.</span> <i>Think -before you <a id="a200.24" name="a200.24"></a>answer.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Balatan mò aŋ maŋgà bágu mo -kánin.</span> <i>Peel the mango <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>before you eat it.</i> <span lang="tl">maluwat -pà bágo mamatày aŋ -maŋkukúlam</span> <i>long before the sorcerer dies</i>.</p> -<p class="par">In normal constructions <span lang= -"tl">bágo</span> has the sense of <i>new</i>, <i>recent</i>: -<span lang="tl">aŋ bágu ŋ báhay</span> <i>the -new house</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ bágo ŋ -táo</span> <i>an unmarried man</i>, <i>a youth</i>; <span lang= -"tl">aŋ maŋa manòk na bágo ŋ -bilè</span> <i>the chickens just <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>bought</i>; <span lang="tl">Bágu ŋ -gáliŋ sya sa sakìt.</span> <i>He is recently -recovered from an illness.</i></p> -<p id="p292" class="par"><b>292.</b> <span lang= -"tl">hábaŋ</span> <i>throughout</i>, <i>during</i>, -<i>while</i> probably consists of <a id="a200.33" name= -"a200.33"></a><span lang="tl">hábaʾ</span> <i>length</i> -plus <span lang="tl">ŋ</span>. <span lang="tl">Hábaŋ -sya y natùtúlog ay nakaraàn aŋ -susòʾ.</span> <i>While he was sleeping the snail -passed.</i> <span lang="tl">Hábaŋ pinagusápan -<span class="lineNum">35</span>nilà itò aŋ -ikapitù ŋ bátaʾ ay nása isa ŋ -bitàk naŋ baŋkòʾ.</span> <i>While they -were discussing this, the seventh child was in a crack of the -bench.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàlùlugmok syà -hábaŋ panahòn sa isa ŋ malálim na -kaluŋkútan.</span> <i>She was sunk constantly</i> -(literally: <i>throughout time</i>) <i>in a deep sadness</i>. A short -phrase with <span lang="tl">hábaŋ</span> may be -<span class="lineNum">40</span>closely joined: <span lang= -"tl">Hindí nya natagalà ŋ aŋkinìn -hábaŋ búhay nya <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb201" -href="#pb201" name="pb201">201</a>]</span>aŋ birtùd na -iyòn.</span> <i>He did not succeed in keeping this quality as -his own throughout (his) life.</i><a class="noteref" id="xd21e30096src" -href="#xd21e30096" name="xd21e30096src">5</a></p> -<p id="p293" class="par"><b>293.</b> <span lang= -"tl">haŋgàŋ</span> <i>as far as</i>, <i>to</i>, -<i>until</i> may be <span lang="tl">haŋgàn</span> -<i>limit</i>, <i>end</i> plus <span lang="tl">ŋ</span>; instead of -the absolute construction the phrase is, however, <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>often in local form. For lack of <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span> in the phrase see § <a href="#p68">68</a>. -<span lang="tl">Naghintày sya haŋgàŋ -kataŋhalían.</span> <i>He waited till noon.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ púnoʾ ay tumúboʾ -haŋgàŋ sa magbúŋa.</span> <i>The tree grew -until (it) bore fruit.</i> <span lang="tl">Silà ay -nagtakbúhan haŋgàŋ sa dumatìŋ sila -sa kanila ŋ báyan.</span> <i>They both ran until they -arrived in their town.</i> <a id="a201.10" name= -"a201.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>As predicate: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kúlaŋ naŋ gátas ay -haŋgàŋ sa leèg naŋ bóte.</span> -<i>The lack of milk is as far as the neck of the bottle</i>, i. e. -<i>The milk goes only up to the neck of the bottle</i>.</p> -<p id="p294" class="par"><b>294.</b> <span lang= -"tl">káhit</span> (§ <a href="#p245">245</a>), with or -without <span lang="tl">na</span>, in the sense of <i>although</i>, -<i>no matter</i> (cf. §§ <a href="#p290">290</a>. 317). The -subordinate word or <span class="lineNum">15</span>phrase has usually -the form of a question; when it is an entire predication the predicate -stands first: <span lang="tl">Tinalaga nyà ŋ sumáma, -káhit na saàn sya dalhìn.</span> <i>He decided to -go along, no matter where he was carried.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Káhit na anò aŋ iyútos nya ay -sinúsunòd.</span> <i>No matter what it was he ordered, -(it) was obeyed.</i> <span lang="tl">Káhit na <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>madilìm aŋ gabì ay nagpasyal -dìn si Pédro.</span> <i>Though the night <a id="a201.21" -name="a201.21"></a>was dark, Pedro nevertheless took a walk.</i> -<span lang="tl">Káhit na bahagyà aŋ <a id="a201.22" -name="a201.22"></a>ulàn ay nakabasàʾ naŋ -karsáda.</span> <i>Though the rain was scanty, it sufficed to -wet the streets.</i> <span lang="tl">Káhit ulòl aŋ -áso ay áyaw nya ŋ patayìn.</span> <i>Although -the dog was mad, he did not want to kill it.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>Note the following -instance, in which <span lang="tl">káhit na</span> precedes its -<a id="a201.26" name="a201.26"></a>phrase as a closely joined -attribute: <span lang="tl">Nàramdaman kò aŋ -kalabìt nya sa ákin, káhit na akò -natùtúlog.</span> <i>I felt his touch against me, even -though I was asleep.</i></p> -<p class="par">Phrases with <span lang="tl">káhit</span> may be -closely joined to the main sentence: <a id="a201.30" name= -"a201.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><span lang= -"tl">Nàpùpútol nya káhit na walá sya -ŋ kasaŋkápan aŋ bákal <a id="a201.31" -name="a201.31"></a>naŋ kanya ŋ -bìlaŋgúan.</span> <i>He managed, even though he had -no tools, to cut the iron of his prison.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -táo káhit laláki o babáye na -nagàári sa kanyà</span> <i>the person, man or -woman, who owns it</i>.</p> -<p id="p295" class="par"><b>295.</b> <span lang= -"tl">kaniyàʾ, kanyàʾ</span> (§ <a href= -"#p241">241</a>) expressive of result, may with <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>its phrase be subordinated. It then stands as a -closely joined <a id="a201.36" name="a201.36"></a>attribute of its -phrase: <span lang="tl">Kanyá nya iníwan aŋ -páyoŋ ay sapagkàt <a id="a201.37" name= -"a201.37"></a>nagtígil aŋ ulàn at lumiwánag -aŋ láŋit.</span> <i>The reason he left his -umbrella</i> (quasi-subject) <i>was because the rain let up and the sky -cleared</i>. Accordingly we may analyze as subordinate such -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb202" href="#pb202" name= -"pb202">202</a>]</span><a id="a202.1" name="a202.1"></a>clauses as the -following: <span lang="tl">Náupó sya sa tinìk, -kanyá sya nápatindìg agàd.</span> <i>He sat -down on a spine, so as to jump at once</i>, i. e. <i>that is why he -jumped up at once</i>. Cf., however, § <a href= -"#p324">324</a>.</p> -<p id="p296" class="par"><b>296.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">kapàg</span> <i>if</i>, <i>in case</i> (of single events -viewed <span class="lineNum">5</span>as completed in the future, -synonymous with <span lang="tl">pagkà</span>, § <a href= -"#p304">304</a>), see <a id="a202.6" name="a202.6"></a>§ <a href= -"#p300">300</a>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ hiniràm nya ŋ -kampìt ay iyo ŋ kúnin, kapag -ipinùpútol na nyà naŋ káhoy.</span> -<i>Take away the knife he borrowed if he uses it to cut wood.</i></p> -<p id="p297" class="par"><b>297.</b> <span lang= -"tl">kayàʾ</span> (§ <a href="#p219">219</a>) is -sometimes used exactly like <span lang="tl">kaniyàʾ</span> -<a id="a202.10" name="a202.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>(§ <a href="#p295">295</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Kayàʾ aku naparíto ay kùkúnin ku -aŋ hiniràm mo ŋ librò.</span> <i>I am going to -take the book you have borrowed, so that I have come here</i>, i. e. -<i>I have come here to....</i> The act is expressed as a subordinate -element, the purpose as the principal <a id="a202.14" name= -"a202.14"></a>sentence. <span lang="tl">Nagpùpútol si -Hwàn naŋ káhoy, kayá sya y wala -ríto.</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>Juan is cutting -wood now, that is why he is not here.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>298.</b> The atonic particle <span lang= -"tl">kuŋ</span> preceding an expression of <a id="a202.17" name= -"a202.17"></a>time states the time when of repeated occurrences: -<span lang="tl">Gumàgámit <a id="a202.18" name= -"a202.18"></a>kamì naŋ makapàl na damìt -kuŋ tagulàn.</span> <i>We use thick clothing <a id= -"a202.19" name="a202.19"></a>in the rainy season.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagtìtípon naŋ pagkáin aŋ maŋa -<a id="a202.20" name="a202.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>laŋgàm kuŋ tagáraw.</span> -<i>The ants collect food in summer.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id= -"a202.21" name="a202.21"></a>hùníhan naŋ maŋa -íbon kuŋ umága ay nakalìligáya.</span> -<i>The chirping of the birds in the morning is gladdening.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ iba ŋ táwo y <a id="a202.23" name= -"a202.23"></a>mabúti pa ŋ makisáma káy sa -isà ŋ kapatìd kuŋ mínsan.</span> <i>An -unrelated person is better to associate with than a brother at -<span class="lineNum">25</span>times.</i> So: <span lang="tl">kuŋ -gabè</span> <i>at night</i>, <i>of nights</i>, <span lang= -"tl">kuŋ fiyèsta naŋ báyan</span> <i>during the -(periodic) fiesta of the town</i>, <span lang="tl">kuŋ -madilìm</span> <i>at dark</i>, <i>when it is dark</i>, -<span lang="tl">kuŋ bahàʾ</span> <i>at -flood-times</i>, <span lang="tl">kuŋ buwàn naŋ -Húniyo</span> <i>in June</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Occasionally the phrase with <span lang= -"tl">kuŋ</span> is closely joined: <span lang="tl">Hindí -<a id="a202.30" name="a202.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>hasàʾ kuŋ mínsan aŋ -maŋa bágu ŋ patalìm sa Filipínas.</span> -<i>In the Philippines new cutlery is sometimes without an edge</i> (i. -e. <i>sold without an edge, to be sharpened by the purchaser</i>).</p> -<p id="p299" class="par"><b>299.</b> With phrases in the form of a -question (minus <span lang="tl">bà</span> § <a href= -"#p215">215</a> or <span lang="tl">bagà</span> § <a href= -"#p216">216</a>) <span lang="tl">kuŋ</span> expresses indirect -question. The expression <span class="lineNum">35</span>so formed -stands as quasi-subject or quasi-object (cf. <a id="a202.36" name= -"a202.36"></a>§§ <a href="#p157">157</a>. <a href= -"#p158">158</a>) or as predicate: <span lang="tl">Naalaála nya -kuŋ papáno aŋ paggawàʾ <a id="a202.37" -name="a202.37"></a>naŋ salamaŋkà.</span> <i>He managed -to recall how the trick was done.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipináyu -nya na kuŋ sínu sa kanilà aŋ -pinkamahúsay na magsalitàʾ naŋ Latìn ay -siya lámaŋ kàkáin naŋ -itlòg.</span> <i>He advised <span class="lineNum">40</span>that -whoever</i> (<span lang="tl">kuŋ síno</span>) <i>among them -was the best at speaking Latin should be the one who alone ate the -egg</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay <a id="a202.42" name= -"a202.42"></a>nagíisìp kuŋ saàn nya -naíwan aŋ kanya ŋ páyoŋ.</span> <i>Pedro -is trying to recall where he left his umbrella.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàlàláman mo bà kuŋ <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb203" href="#pb203" name= -"pb203">203</a>]</span>saàn sya nároon?</span> <i>Do you -know where he is?</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -táo-ŋ-báyan <a id="a203.2" name="a203.2"></a>ay -nagsiyásat kuŋ maàári sila ŋ -magtayò naŋ isa ŋ mákina <a id="a203.3" name= -"a203.3"></a>naŋ bìgásan sa kanila ŋ -báyan.</span> <i>The townspeople considered whether they could -put up a machine for thrashing rice in their <a id="a203.5" name= -"a203.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>town.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ siyásat ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ -pagparíto ay kuŋ ilà ŋ <a id="a203.6" name= -"a203.6"></a>kúra aŋ nàrìritò sa -áti ŋ báyan.</span> <i>Juan’s inquiry when he -got here was how many priests there are in our town.</i></p> -<p id="p300" class="par"><b>300.</b> Introducing other phrases -<span lang="tl">kuŋ</span> has the sense of <i>if</i>, -<i>whenever</i> (of non-actual occurrences viewed as unreal, -hypothetical, <span class="lineNum">10</span>or repeated); compare -disjunctive attributes of time (§ <a href="#p192">192</a>, single -actual occurrence), <span lang="tl">pag</span> (§ <a href= -"#p303">303</a>, single non-actual occurrence, simultaneous), -<span lang="tl">kapàg</span> and <span lang= -"tl">pagkà</span> (§§ <a href= -"#p296">296</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e30736" title= -"Source: .">,</span> <a href="#p304">304</a>, single non-actual -precedent occurrence), words with prefixes in <span lang="tl">p-</span> -(§ <a href="#p274">274</a>, single occurrence, actual or -non-actual), <span lang="tl">tuwèʾ</span> (§ <a href= -"#p307">307</a>, repeated <span class="lineNum">15</span>actual): -<span lang="tl">Kuŋ dumatìŋ si Hwàn ay umalis -kà.</span> <i>If Juan comes, go away.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Kuŋ dumatìŋ sya ay sabíhin mo ŋ -maghintày.</span> <i>If he comes, tell him to wait.</i> -<span lang="tl">Kuŋ úulàn ay gamítin mo -aŋ kapóte.</span> <i>If it rains, use your raincoat.</i> -<span lang="tl">Bìbilhin kò aŋ kabáyo ŋ -iyòn kuŋ máy-roon akò ŋ marámi -ŋ kwaltà.</span> <i>I should buy this horse, if I -<span class="lineNum">20</span>had enough money.</i> Note: <span lang= -"tl">Kuŋ sa pagaasáwa namàn, akò y -nagkaroòn naŋ dalawà.</span> <i>And as to</i> -(literally <i>if</i>) <i>taking a wife, I had two</i>.</p> -<p id="p301" class="par"><b>301.</b> In the same sense <span lang= -"tl">kuŋ</span> with <span lang="tl">dìʾ</span> -(§ <a href="#p237">237</a>) or <span lang= -"tl">hindìʾ</span> (§ <a href="#p239">239</a>) <i>if -not</i>, precedes the second, positive member of a contrast: -<span class="lineNum">25</span><i>unless</i>, <i>but rather</i>, -<i>beside</i>, <i>except</i> (Cf. <span lang="tl">palà</span> -§ <a href="#p228">228</a>): <span lang="tl">Hwag <a id="a203.26" -name="a203.26"></a>kà ŋ -makàpakikáin-káin kuŋ hindí ka -inàanyáhan.</span> <i>Don’t be taking meals with -people unless you are invited.</i> <span lang="tl">Walà ŋ -ibà ŋ nagpàpahírap sa kanyà kuŋ -hindí kayò.</span> <i>There is no one else who causes -suffering to him, beside you.</i></p> -<p id="p302" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>302.</b> -<span lang="tl">ŋayòn</span> (§ <a href= -"#p262">262</a>), when subordinating, is conjunctively joined to its -clause: <span lang="tl">Ŋayò ŋ áraw na -yitò y dáratiŋ silà.</span> <i>On this very -day they will arrive.</i> <span lang="tl">Ŋayò ŋ -táo ŋ iyòn ay patay nà, bákit -namàn...?</span> <i>Now that this man is dead, why...?</i></p> -<p id="p303" class="par"><b>303.</b> The atonic particle <span lang= -"tl">pag</span> gives the time when of a <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>single non-actual occurrence; cf. § <a href= -"#p274">274</a> and see § <a href="#p300">300</a>. <span lang= -"tl">Pag akò ay pagòd, natùtúlug akò -naŋ maluwàt.</span> <i>When I am tired, I sleep <a id= -"a203.37" name="a203.37"></a>late.</i> <span lang="tl">Pag -paputòl mo ŋ hiníwaʾ aŋ pakuwàn ay -hindí màbìbilì <a id="a203.38" name= -"a203.38"></a>aŋ banda ŋ púnoʾ.</span> <i>If you -cut the watermelon crosswise, you will <a id="a203.39" name= -"a203.39"></a>not be able to sell the stem-end.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magmùmurahàn sila ŋ dalawà <a id= -"a203.40" name="a203.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>pag -nagkíta.</span> <i>The two will revile each other when they -meet.</i></p> -<p id="p304" class="par"><b>304.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">pagkà</span> (synonymous with <span lang= -"tl">kapàg</span>, § <a href="#p296">296</a>) gives the -time immediately after which of a single non-actual <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb204" href="#pb204" name= -"pb204">204</a>]</span>occurrence; cf. § <a href="#p274">274</a> -and see § <a href="#p300">300</a>. <span lang="tl">Pagka -ikàw ay nahúlog ay <a id="a204.2" name= -"a204.2"></a>masàsaktan kà.</span> <i>When you have taken -a fall you will be hurt.</i></p> -<p id="p305" class="par"><b>305.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">patì</span> <i>including</i>; cf. § <a href= -"#p68">68</a>. <span lang="tl">aŋ boò ŋ katawàn -patì maŋa matà at taíŋa</span> <i>the -whole body, including eyes <span class="lineNum">5</span>and -ears</i>.</p> -<p id="p306" class="par"><b>306.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">sapagkàt</span> (<span lang="tl">sa pagkà -at</span> ?) <i>because</i>, <i>for</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Sapagkàt aŋ pári ŋ itò ay -nagakála ŋ maŋa walà ŋ pinagarálan -aŋ kanyà ŋ sinèsèrmunan ay hindí -sya nagpílit....</span> <i>Because this priest thought his -hearers were uneducated people, he took no <a id="a204.10" name= -"a204.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>pains....</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinapútol nya aŋ kanya ŋ dalíreʾ, -sapagkàt tinubúan <a id="a204.11" name= -"a204.11"></a>naŋ kànser.</span> <i>He had his finger -amputated because there was a cancer on it.</i> For a phrase with -<span lang="tl">sapagkàt</span> as predicate see example under -<span lang="tl">kanyàʾ</span>, § <a href= -"#p241">241</a>.</p> -<p id="p307" class="par"><b>307.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">tuwèʾ</span> (§ <a href="#p244">244</a>) in this -use tells the time <span class="lineNum">15</span>when always of actual -repeated occurrences: <i>whenever</i>, <i>every time</i>. It is -conjunctively joined to its clause: <span lang= -"tl">Pinaghàhatdan nyà naŋ gátas aŋ -báyan twì ŋ umága.</span> <i>He delivers milk -in the <a id="a204.18" name="a204.18"></a>town every morning.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pumàparíto aŋ médiko twi -ŋ makalawà.</span> <a id="a204.19" name= -"a204.19"></a><i>The doctor comes every other day.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Si Hwàn ay nakìkipagluksúhan <a id="a204.20" -name="a204.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>twi ŋ -idinàdáos aŋ maŋa palaròʾ kuŋ -fyèsta naŋ báyan.</span> <i>Juan takes part in the -jumping contest whenever games are held <a id="a204.22" name= -"a204.22"></a>in the fiesta of the town.</i> <span lang="tl">Twì -ŋ papásuk akò sa síne sa áki ŋ -kúyaŋ ay áyaw sya.</span> <i>Every time I ask my -brother to take me to the moving-picture show, he refuses.</i></p> -<p id="p308" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>308.</b> -<span lang="tl">úpaŋ</span> <i>in order to</i>, <i>so -that</i> (<span lang="tl">úpa</span> <i>pay</i>, -<i>wages</i> ?): <span lang="tl">Sila y <a id="a204.26" name= -"a204.26"></a>naúupo pa lámaŋ úpaŋ -manaŋháleʾ.</span> <i>They are just sitting down -<a id="a204.27" name="a204.27"></a>to eat the noon meal.</i> -<span lang="tl">Syà y tumayòʾ sa bubuŋàn -naŋ báhay úpaŋ tanawìn aŋ -súnog.</span> <i>He stood up on the roof of the house <a id= -"a204.29" name="a204.29"></a>to watch the fire.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Kantahàn ninyò aŋ máy sakit -úpaŋ sya y <a id="a204.30" name="a204.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>malibàŋ.</span> <i>Sing for the sick man -so that he may be cheered.</i> <span lang="tl">Tináwag -nilà aŋ isa ŋ kálaw úpaŋ siya -ŋ magìŋ hukòm.</span> <i>They called an owl so -that (it) might be the one who served as judge.</i></p> -<p id="p309" class="par"><b>309.</b> <span lang= -"tl">yámaŋ</span> <i>while</i>, <i>as</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ púno naŋ uŋgò ay namatày -yámaŋ aŋ sa pagòŋ ay -tumúboʾ.</span> <i>The tree of the monkey died while -<span class="lineNum">35</span>that of the turtle grew.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>310.</b> Predications and similar phrases (impersonal -or anaphoric) as absolute attributes, in the meaning of disjunctive -attributes of time, are not uncommon: <span lang= -"tl">Madali-ŋ-áraw pa lámaŋ ay -nàròroòn na silà.</span> <i>(When) it was -still but dawn, they were <span class="lineNum">40</span>already -there.</i> <span lang="tl">Makása-m-pu ŋ táwag -nà ay walá pa syà.</span> <i>(At) the tenth call -he was still not there.</i> <span lang="tl">Makaraàn aŋ ila -ŋ sandalìʾ ay sinábi nya sa -susòʾ....</span> <i>(When) a few moments had passed, he -said to the snail....</i> <span lang="tl">May ápat na pu ŋ -taòn na sya sa lúpa <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb205" -href="#pb205" name="pb205">205</a>]</span>ŋ Katagalúgan ay -hindí pa nya nàtutúhan ...</span> <i>(When) he had -already been in the Tagalog country for about forty years, he had not -yet learned....</i> <span lang="tl">Mínsan pumásuk sya sa -simbáhan ay nárinig nya....</span> <i>Once (when) he went -to church, he heard....</i> <span class="lineNum">5</span>Other -examples at <a href="#a26.21">26,<sub>21</sub></a>. <a href= -"#a28.11">28,<sub>11</sub></a>. <a href="#a66.15">66,<sub>15</sub></a>. -<a href="#a92.13">92<sub>13</sub></a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.b.4"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="divNum">4.</span> Serial groups.</h4> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>311.</b> The serial relation is expressed in -part explicitly by particles and in part by parataxis, parenthesis, and -anacolouthic constructions.</p> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e31345"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="lineNum">10</span><span class= -"divNum">(<i>1</i>)</span> <i>coordinating particles</i>.</h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p312" class="par first"><b>312.</b> The most important of the -coordinating particles is <span lang="tl">at, t</span>; as some of the -others end in <span lang="tl">-t</span>, they may be felt to contain -<span lang="tl">at</span>; cf. the similar ending in other particles, -§ <a href="#p213">213</a>; <span lang="tl">t</span> is used after -syllabics, <span lang="tl">n</span>, and <span lang="tl">ʾ</span> -(see Phonetics), but even here <span lang="tl">at</span> is -commoner.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>When a sentence begins -with a coordinating particle, the latter gives expression to the -connection with the preceding sentence (as in English sentences -beginning with <i>And</i> ... or <i>But</i> ...)</p> -<p id="p313" class="par"><b>313.</b> <span lang="tl">at, t</span> -<i>and</i> connects words, phrases, or entire predications. <a id= -"a205.20" name="a205.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span><span lang= -"tl">báro t salawàl</span> <i>blouse and trousers</i> -(native costume), <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a205.21" name= -"a205.21"></a>tapunàn naŋ béha at upòs</span> -<i>the place for throwing cigarette-ends and cigar-stubs</i>, -<span lang="tl">dalawa ŋ, pù t dalawà</span> -<i>twenty-two</i>, <span lang="tl">kuŋ mínsan at -malakì aŋ gálit naŋ amà ...</span> -<i>sometimes, when the father’s anger was great</i> ... -(<span lang="tl">kuŋ</span> goes with both of the members -connected <span class="lineNum">25</span>by <span lang= -"tl">at</span>).</p> -<p class="par">When more than two elements are connected, <span lang= -"tl">at</span> is used generally between the last two: <span lang= -"tl">sina Pédro, Hwàn, at Andrès</span> <i>the -group consisting of Pedro, Juan, and Andrés</i>. <span lang= -"tl">isa ŋ líbo, walo ŋ daàn, walo ŋ pu t -ánim</span> 1886.</p> -<p id="p314" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>314.</b> -<span lang="tl">at</span> is used in a few common phrases: <span lang= -"tl">isà t isà</span> <i>everyone</i> <span lang= -"tl">ibà t ibà</span> <i>various</i>: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ maŋà taga ibà t iba ŋ -báyan</span> <i>people from various towns</i>; <span lang= -"tl">Iba t ibà aŋ kúlay naŋ kanya ŋ -pananamìt.</span> <i>His clothes are of various colors.</i> -<span lang="tl">at ibà pà</span> <i>and so forth, and -other</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ tsíko, súhaʾ, -santòl, ... at iba pà</span> <i>the custard-apple, -grape-fruit, <span class="lineNum">35</span>santol, and so forth</i>; -<span lang="tl">aŋ maŋa háyop at iba pà ŋ -árì naŋ pàmahalaàn</span> <i>the live -stock and other belongings of the government</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>315.</b> <span lang="tl">at</span> has occasionally a -decidedly adversative tone; so, for instance, <span lang="tl">at</span> -<a href="#a78.31">78,<sub>31</sub></a>.</p> -<p id="p316" class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span><b>316.</b> -Frequently at has subordinative coloring, the second of the members -joined expressing: <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb206" href="#pb206" -name="pb206">206</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a206.1" name="a206.1"></a>cause: <span lang= -"tl">Hintày ka múna t hindí pa akò -nakapápahiŋà.</span> <i>Make a halt first, for I am -not yet rested.</i> <span lang="tl">Íbig mo bà ŋ -kumáin sa ámin?—Salámat, áyaw ko t -kakàkáin ko pa lámaŋ.</span> <i>Do you want -to eat with us?</i>—<i>Thank you, no, for I have only just -eaten.</i> <span lang="tl">Buksan <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>mò aŋ pintòʾ at íbig -ko ŋ pumások.</span> <i>Open the door, for I want to go -in.</i></p> -<p class="par">result: <span lang="tl">Ano t dí ka -lumákad naŋ matúlin?</span> <i>Why don’t you -walk fast?</i> <span lang="tl">Ano aŋ íbig mo t -nàrìrito kà?</span> <i>What do you want that you -have come here?</i> i. e. <i>What have you come here for?</i> So <a id= -"a206.10" name="a206.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>especially: -<span lang="tl">anò aŋ dáhil at...?</span> <i>what -is the reason that...?</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a206.11" name="a206.11"></a>purpose: <span lang= -"tl">Umalìs sya t makìkipútol naŋ -damò.</span> <i>He has gone to help cut grass.</i></p> -<p class="par">temporal succession: <span lang="tl">Hindí sya -nakaratìŋ naŋ ápat na pu ŋ taòn sa -gúlaŋ at sya y namatày.</span> <i>She had not -reached forty years <span class="lineNum">15</span>in her age, when she -died.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a206.16" name="a206.16"></a>a subordinate -quasi-subject: <span lang="tl">Sinábi naŋ -maŋhuhúla sa iyò <a id="a206.17" name= -"a206.17"></a>t hindi maláyo ríto aŋ -kawàwalan naŋ iyo ŋ siŋsìŋ.</span> -<i>The fortune-teller told you that the place where you would lose your -ring is not far from here.</i> <span lang="tl">Sinábi ko -nà sa iyò at hwag kà ŋ -maíŋay.</span> <i>I <span class="lineNum">20</span>have -told you already not to make any noise.</i><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e31707src" href="#xd21e31707" name="xd21e31707src">6</a></p> -<p id="p317" class="par"><b>317.</b> The subordinating value of at -appears especially in certain expressions which it forms with other -particles:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a206.23" name="a206.23"></a>(1) <span lang= -"tl">at bakàʾ</span> <i>lest</i> (cf. § <a href= -"#p235">235</a>): <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ -magpatihúlog <a id="a206.24" name="a206.24"></a>diyàn sa -kátre at baká ka masaktàn.</span> <i>Don’t -throw yourself from <span class="lineNum">25</span>that bed, for you -might hurt yourself.</i></p> -<p id="p317.2" class="par"><a id="a206.26" name="a206.26"></a>(2) -<span lang="tl">at naŋ</span> <i>so that</i> (cf. § <a href= -"#p192">192</a> f.): <span lang="tl">Magiinùm ka naŋ -gátas <a id="a206.27" name="a206.27"></a>at naŋ ikàw -ay tumabàʾ.</span> <i>Drink milk so that you may grow -stout.</i></p> -<p id="p317.3" class="par">(3) <span lang="tl">bagà màn -at</span> <i>although</i> (cf. § <a href="#p290">290</a>): -<span lang="tl">Baga màn at umúulàn ay -nagsísipaglarò silà.</span> <i>Although it is -raining they are at <span class="lineNum">30</span>play.</i></p> -<p id="p317.4" class="par">(4) <span lang="tl">kayàʾ -at</span> <i>so that</i> (cf. § <a href="#p297">297</a>): -<span lang="tl">Napapúpunta nilà aŋ pelóta -kayà t báwat isa sa kanilà ay -nakaabàŋ.</span> <i>They direct the ball so that every one -of them is on guard.</i></p> -<p id="p317.5" class="par">(5) <span lang="tl">káylan màn -at</span> <i>every time that</i>, <i>whenever</i>, synonymous <a id= -"a206.35" name="a206.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>with -<span lang="tl">tuwè ŋ</span>, § <a href= -"#p307">307</a> (cf. <span lang="tl">káylan màn</span> -§ <a href="#p262">262</a>): <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay -táwa naŋ táwa káylan mà t -márinig nya aŋ maŋa katatawanà ŋ -bahági naŋ kwènto.</span> <i>Juan laughs and laughs -every time he hears the funny parts of the story.</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb207" href="#pb207" name="pb207">207</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p318" class="par"><b>318.</b> <span lang= -"tl">dátapuwat</span> <i>but</i> is the commonest adversative -coordinating particle. It is used also when the two members are not -logically but only formally in contrast: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -húni naŋ pipìt ay mahínaʾ, <a id= -"a207.4" name="a207.4"></a>dátapuwat mataàs aŋ -tóno.</span> <i>The chirping of the stone-sparrow <a id="a207.5" -name="a207.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>is weak, but -high-pitched.</i> <span lang="tl">Pùputúlin ko aŋ -lúbid kuŋ máy-roon <a id="a207.6" name= -"a207.6"></a>akò ŋ laséta, dátapuwat -walá ako.</span> <i>I should cut the rope if I had a knife, but -I have none.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay hindí -dumatìŋ, dátapuwat iba ŋ táo aŋ -naparíto.</span> <i>Pedro did not arrive; it was someone else -who came here.</i></p> -<p id="p319" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>319.</b> The -particles <span lang="tl">nì hindìʾ</span> -(§§ <a href="#p253">253</a>. 239) connect coordinate elements -in the sense of <i>nor</i>: <span lang="tl">Sya y hindí -nagsísimbà nì hindí -naŋúŋumpisàl nì hindí rin -nagmàmáno sa páreʾ.</span> <i>He neither went -to church nor confessed nor kissed the priest’s hand.</i> The -<span lang="tl">hindìʾ may</span>, as an anaphoric element, -be left off after another <span class="lineNum">15</span><span lang= -"tl">hindìʾ</span>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanila ŋ -kamày ay hindí nila máilabàs sa -bútas nì ibig namàn sila ŋ bitíwan -aŋ lamàn naŋ nyòg.</span> <i>They cannot take -out their hands from the opening, nor are they willing to let go the -cocoanut-meat.</i></p> -<p id="p320" class="par"><b>320.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">ŋúnit</span> is equivalent with <span lang= -"tl">dátapuwat</span>, but <a id="a207.20" name= -"a207.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>is less common: -<span lang="tl">Hindí sya nagísip, ŋúnit -sumagòt karáka-ráka.</span> <i>He did not reflect -but answered at once.</i></p> -<p id="p321" class="par"><b>321.</b> The atonic particle <span lang= -"tl">o</span> <i>or</i> (probably Spanish): <span lang="tl">isa ŋ -malakì ŋ áso o báboy</span> <i>a large dog or -pig</i>; <span lang="tl">Dikdikìn kità sa -lusòŋ o lunúrin kita sa ílog?</span> <i>Shall -I bray you in a mortar or drown you <span class="lineNum">25</span>in -the river?</i> Frequently the combination <span lang="tl">o -kayàʾ</span> (§ <a href="#p219">219</a>) is used; it -is loosely joined: <span lang="tl">Aŋ kapaŋyaríha -ŋ itò y gáliŋ sa dimóniyo o kayà -y mána sa magúlaŋ.</span> <i>This power comes from a -demon or else is inherited from one’s parents.</i></p> -<p id="p322" class="par"><b>322.</b> The particle <span lang= -"tl">subálit</span> <i>but</i> is less common than its -equivalents <a id="a207.30" name="a207.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">dátapuwat</span> and -<span lang="tl">ŋúnit</span>: <span lang="tl">Aku -sána y páparoon sa Balíwag, subálit <a id= -"a207.31" name="a207.31"></a>hindí ako nátulòy, -dahilàn sa isa ŋ karamdáman.</span> <i>I was going -to Baliwag, but I did not keep on, on account of an illness.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e32068"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>2</i>)</span> <i>paratactic -sentences</i>.</h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>323.</b> A vocative joins another sentence: -<span lang="tl">Hintú na kayò, <a id="a207.35" name= -"a207.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>maŋa -bátaʾ!</span> <i>Stop, children!</i> <span lang= -"tl">Té na, baláe!</span> or: <span lang="tl">Tara -nà, baláe!</span> <i>Come on, old man!</i></p> -<p id="p324" class="par"><b>324.</b> Contrast, cause, result, detail, -etc. are sometimes paratactically expressed; in some cases it seems -uncertain whether the second element is paratactic or subordinate, so -especially when it <span class="lineNum">40</span>begins with -<span lang="tl">kaniyàʾ</span> (§§ <a href= -"#p241">241</a>. 295): <span lang="tl">Sina Pédro, Hwàn, -at Andrès <a id="a207.41" name="a207.41"></a>ay -magkakasamahà ŋ nagtánod sa isà ŋ -dúlo naŋ tulày; sina <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb208" href="#pb208" name="pb208">208</a>]</span><a id="a208.1" name= -"a208.1"></a>Felípe, Andùy, at Mariyáno sa -ikalawà ŋ dúlo.</span> <i>Pedro, Juan, and -Andrés are standing guard together at one end of the bridge; -Felipe, Andoy, and Mariano at the other.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí ko gustò iyàn, ibà aŋ -áki ŋ gustò.</span> <i>I don’t like that, I -want something else.</i> <a id="a208.5" name="a208.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ umyàk, -Maryà, baká ka himatayìn.</span> <i>Don’t -weep, Maria, <a id="a208.6" name="a208.6"></a>you might have a -fainting-fit.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kantà naŋ -báta ŋ si Hwàn ay <a id="a208.7" name= -"a208.7"></a>kanya ŋ nalimútan, kanyà hindi -tulàʾ aŋ kanya ŋ kinantà.</span> <i>Little -Juan forgot his song, that is why what he sang was disconnected.</i> -<span lang="tl">Siya ŋàʾ, siyà aŋ -nagbigày sa ákin naŋ bágo ŋ -búhay.</span> <i>Yes, she; <span class="lineNum">10</span>it was -she who gave me new life.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y may -famíliya; bukòd sa asáwa ay may dalawà sya -ŋ anàk.</span> <i>He had a family<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e32190" title="Source: :">;</span> beside his wife he had two -children.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e32196"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum">(<i>3</i>)</span> -<i>parenthesis</i>.</h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>325.</b> Not infrequently explanatory elements -are inserted into <span class="lineNum">15</span>a sentence -parenthetically: <span lang="tl">Tatlò ŋ -magkakaybígan, isa ŋ páreʾ, isa ŋ -maŋgagámut, at isa ŋ sundálo ...</span> -<i>Three friends, a priest, a physician, and a soldier</i> <span lang= -"tl">... sa háyop namàn, karanyúwa y aŋ -bábuy ...</span> <i>against animals, usually a pig</i> ... -<span lang="tl">wala ŋ ulàm, asìn at kánin -lámaŋ</span> <i>there was no meat, only salt and boiled -rice</i>. <span class="lineNum">20</span>Further cases at <a href= -"#a54.5">54,<sub>5</sub></a>. <a href="#a86.21">86,<sub>21</sub></a>. -<a href="#a100.23">100,<sub>23</sub></a>. <a href= -"#a108.29">108,<sub>29</sub></a>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>326.</b> Often the parenthetic element is -descriptive: <span lang="tl">malakàs kumáin, -katimbàŋ naŋ dalawà katáo</span> -<i>great at eating</i>, <i>a match for two persons</i>; <span lang= -"tl">naŋ pinagkatamàn na walà ŋ patìd, -ápat na pu ŋ paà aŋ hábaʾ</span> -<i>shavings without a break</i>, <i>forty feet in length</i>. Similar -<span class="lineNum">25</span>cases at <a href= -"#a80.39">80,<sub>39</sub></a>. <a href="#a86.29">86,<sub>29</sub></a>. -<a href="#a118.43">118,<sub>43</sub></a>. <a href= -"#a120.2">120,<sub>2</sub></a>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>327.</b> Especially common are parentheses describing -the temporary state or situation of something: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -mànanalò ŋ paŋkàt at aŋ kanila -ŋ maŋa kaybígan, magkakasáma ŋ -tinùtugtugàn naŋ kanila ŋ bànda naŋ -músika, ay agad-agàd na nagpàpaséyo.</span> -<i>The <span class="lineNum">30</span>winning team and their friends, -all together accompanied by the playing of their band, at once form a -parade.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakaratìŋ sila sa kanila ŋ -báhay, dalà nila aŋ súpot naŋ -kwaltà.</span> <i>They arrived at their house, bearing the bag -of money.</i> Other cases at <a href="#a92.22">92,<sub>22</sub></a>. -<a href="#a98.21">98,<sub>21</sub></a>. <a href= -"#a114.42">114,<sub>42</sub></a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="xd21e32374"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="lineNum">35</span><span class= -"divNum">(<i>4</i>)</span> <i>anacolouthon</i>.</h5> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>328.</b> In other cases a breaking off of the -construction rather than an insertion seems to take place: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ maŋa hindí nagsísitugtòg aŋ -katuŋkúlan ay kumantà.</span> <i>Those who do not -play, their duty is to sing.</i> <span lang="tl">Gáya ko, -akò y paráti ŋ nàhàhábul -naŋ maŋa <span class="lineNum">40</span>áso.</span> -<i>Like me, I am often pursued by dogs.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pabulòŋ lámaŋ kuŋ <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb209" href="#pb209" name= -"pb209">209</a>]</span>silà y magsàlitáan.</span> -<i>In whispers only</i> (predicate) <i>when they talk together</i>. The -organic construction would probably be: <span lang= -"tl">Pabulòŋ lámaŋ aŋ kanila ŋ -pagsasàlitáan.</span> <i>Their conversation is only in -whispers.</i> <span lang="tl">Kuŋ kanya ŋ pakánin ay -wala ŋ ulàm.</span> <i>When</i> (<i>they</i>, <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>anaphoric) <i>are fed it is without meat</i>.</p> -<p id="p329" class="par"><b>329.</b> While direct quotations often -enter into normal constructions as predicate (§ <a href= -"#p114">114</a>), as conjunctive complement (§ <a href= -"#p159">159</a>), or as disjunctive object (§ <a href= -"#p186">186</a>), they are often joined by a breaking off of -construction. In this case their relation to the rest of <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>a sentence may resemble that of a subject; this -happens especially when the sentence begins with the quotation or with -part of it. If <span lang="tl">ay, y</span> were used many of these -sentences would be regular: <a id="a209.13" name= -"a209.13"></a><span lang="tl">“Magáral ka ŋ -mabúti,” sinábi ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ -anàk.</span> <i>“Study well” was said by Juan to his -son.</i> <span lang="tl">“Dalawà!” isinigàw -naŋ <span class="lineNum">15</span>bulàg.</span> -<i>“Two!” was shouted by the blindman.</i> <span lang= -"tl">“Sa damdam kò,” aŋ sagòt ni -Dyégo, “ay akò aŋ -pinakamakínis.”</span> <i>“In my opinion,” was -Diego’s answer, “I am the cleverest.”</i> Similarly -their relation may resemble that of a disjunctive object (instrumental -type, § <a href="#p186">186</a>), but <span lang= -"tl">naŋ</span> is not used. This happens if the <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>quotation follows active words of saying: -<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn namàn ay sumagòt: -“Matàr!”</span> <i>Juan then answered: -“Matar!”</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>330.</b> This peculiar construction of direct -quotations is extended to some cases that are not exactly quotations -but may be <a id="a209.24" name="a209.24"></a>viewed as such: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ boò ŋ ása ko aŋ -kandidáto ŋ si Manikìs aŋ <a id="a209.25" name= -"a209.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>nàgùgustuhàn naŋ maŋa -táo; hindí palà, kuŋ hindí aŋ -kandidáto <a id="a209.26" name="a209.26"></a>ŋ si -Sàntos.</span> <i>It was my whole expectation that the candidate -Maniquís would be the one chosen by the people; but no, it was -the candidate Santos.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ paniwála -naŋ maŋa táo si Saŋ-Hwàn ay sya ŋ -sànto ŋ nagpápaulàn.</span> <i>It is the -belief of the people that <span class="lineNum">30</span>San Juan is -the saint who makes rain.</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb210" -href="#pb210" name="pb210">210</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="ch2.c" class="div2 section"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd21e586">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">C.</span> MORPHOLOGY.</h3> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.c.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="divNum">1.</span> Composition.</h4> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p331" class="par first"><b>331.</b> <i>Compound words</i> (i. e. -words resembling in form a succession of two or more words, but -diverging in meaning from <span class="lineNum">5</span>such a -succession) are treated phonetically like groups of words in the phrase -(§§ <a href="#p33">33</a>. 34).</p> -<p class="par">If the first member ends in syllabic, <i>n</i>, or -glottal stop, the particle <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> appears before -the second member.</p> -<p class="par">In meaning, compound words resemble a phrase in which -the <span class="lineNum">10</span>word corresponding to the first -member is modified, in disjunctive <a id="a210.11" name= -"a210.11"></a>attribution, by the word corresponding to the second: -<span lang="tl">báhay-aklátan</span> <a id="a210.12" -name="a210.12"></a><i>library-building</i>: <span lang= -"tl">báhay naŋ aklátan.</span> The meaning of the -compound is, however, more specialized than that of the phrase.</p> -<p class="par">Exceptions as to meaning are: (1) the copulative -compound <span class="lineNum">15</span><span lang= -"tl">áraw-gabì</span>, formed on the model of doubled -words, such as <span lang="tl">áraw-áraw, <a id="a210.16" -name="a210.16"></a>gabi-gabì</span> (§§ <a href= -"#p258">258</a>. 343.); (2) <span lang= -"tl">kapatìd-koŋkristiyános</span>, a foreign -product; (3) <span lang="tl">máy-roòn</span>, equivalent -to <span lang="tl">máy</span>, which has been viewed as a -compound because its construction (§ <a href="#p138">138</a>) -differs from that of the phrase <span lang="tl">máy -roòn</span> (which would not require the <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>particle <span lang="tl">ŋ</span>, §§ -<a href="#p252">252</a>. 263).</p> -<p class="par">Similar in form to compound words are words derived from -a phrase (§ <a href="#p332">332</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a210.23" name="a210.23"></a>Examples of regular -compounds: <span lang="tl">aŋ -báhay-bátaʾ</span> <i>the womb</i>, <a id="a210.24" -name="a210.24"></a><span lang= -"tl">báhay-gúyaʾ</span> <i>the womb of an animal</i> -(<span lang="tl">gúyaʾ</span> <i>the young of an -animal</i>), <a id="a210.25" name="a210.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">báhay-pàhayagàn</span> <i>newspaper -office</i>, <i>publishing house</i>, <span lang= -"tl">Báhay-Paníki</span> <a id="a210.26" name= -"a210.26"></a><i>Bat-House</i> (name of a town, <span lang= -"tl">paníki</span> <i>a bat</i>), <span lang= -"tl">báhay-pintáhan</span> <a id="a210.27" name= -"a210.27"></a><i>paint-shop</i>; <span lang="tl">Itò y -bigay-loòb lámaŋ nya sa ákin.</span> <i>This -is <a id="a210.28" name="a210.28"></a>merely a concession he makes to -me as a favor</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -lalawíga-ŋ-Pampàŋga, <a id="a210.29" name= -"a210.29"></a>aŋ -provìnsiya-ŋ-Pampàŋga</span> <i>Pampanga -Province</i>, cf. <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a210.30" name= -"a210.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>provìnsiya naŋ -Pampàŋga</span>; <span class="corr" id="xd21e32786" title= -"Not in source"><span lang="tl">pilìk-matà</span> -<i>eyelash</i> (<span lang="tl">pilìk</span> <i>fin</i>, -<i>lash</i>);</span> <span lang="tl">aŋ -Sàmáha-ŋ-Sumúloŋ</span> <i>the Sumulong -<a id="a210.31" name="a210.31"></a>Company</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -tánud-báhay</span> <i>the watchman of a house</i>, -<span lang="tl">tánud-pálay</span> <i>watchman of a -rice-field</i>.</p> -<p class="par">A member of a compound may consist of an entire phrase -<a id="a210.34" name="a210.34"></a>(cf. § <a href= -"#p332">332</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Bìgása-ŋ-Sumúloŋ-at-Kasamahàn</span> -<i>Rice-mill of Sumulong <a id="a210.35" name= -"a210.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>and Company</i> -(equivalent to <span lang="tl">Bìgásan nila -Sumúloŋ at Kasamahàn</span>); <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb211" href="#pb211" name= -"pb211">211</a>]</span><a id="a211.1" name="a211.1"></a><span lang= -"tl">aŋ dúlo-ŋ-bandà-ŋ-kánan</span> -<i>the right-hand end</i> (<span lang="tl">aŋ bandà ŋ -kánan</span> <i>the right</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Specialization and transference of meaning are -especially <a id="a211.4" name="a211.4"></a>marked in <span lang= -"tl">hampas-lúpaʾ</span> (literally: <i>beating of the -ground</i>) <i>tramp</i>, <a id="a211.5" name="a211.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><i>vagabond</i>; <span lang= -"tl">kápit-báhay</span> not only <i>neighboring -house</i>, but also <i>neighbor</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -báhay ni Hwàn ay áki ŋ -kápit-báhay</span>, but also: <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn <a id="a211.7" name="a211.7"></a>ay áki ŋ -kápit-báhay</span>; <span lang= -"tl">kápit-báyan</span> <i>neighboring town</i>, but also -<i>person <a id="a211.8" name="a211.8"></a>from a neighboring town</i>; -<span lang="tl">Sawi-ŋ-pálad siyà.</span> <i>He is -unlucky</i> (literally <i>unhandy of the palm</i>).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>For the other occurrences -of compounds see Index under <span lang="tl">báhay, -bakàs, bànda, bantày, básag, báyad, -báyan, búŋa, bútas, daàn, -hánap, ílog, kalabàw, kapuluàn, -kasamaàn, kasawiàn, kasiraàn, <a id="a211.13" -name="a211.13"></a>kinamatayàn, lúpaʾ, -médiko, paà, pamatày, pantày, <a id= -"xd21e32938" name="xd21e32938"></a>piráso, púnoʾ, -sàmáhan, táo, trabáho, -úbos.</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.c.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="lineNum">15</span><span class= -"divNum">2.</span> General features of word-formation.</h4> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p332" class="par first"><b>332.</b> Many words are analyzed into -(1) recurring <i>affixes</i>, (2) <i>doubling</i>, (3) -<i>reduplication</i>, and (4) a recurring unanalyzable element bearing -the material meaning, the <i>root</i>. The place of the root may be -taken by a word in turn showing derivation by <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>these processes, or by a compound word, or even by a -phrase. Other words, <i>root-words</i>, contain only the unanalyzable -element.</p> -<p class="par">Other modifications affecting the meaning are -<i>shifting of the accent</i> toward the end of the word, and the use -of <i>secondary accents</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>Modifications not -affecting the meaning, but merely accompanying those already named, are -<i>sound-variation</i> and <i>retraction of the accent</i> toward the -beginning of the word.</p> -<p class="par">The same morphologic elements may be variously -distributed; it is most convenient and corresponds most nearly to the -speech-feeling <span class="lineNum">30</span>to describe these -differences as though they were due to different successions in which -the modifications are applied: <span lang= -"tl">sumùsúlat</span> is <span lang= -"tl">súlat</span> reduplicated and with infix <span lang= -"tl">-um-</span>; but <span lang= -"tl">(nag-)tùtumirà</span> is <span lang= -"tl">tirà</span> with infix <span lang="tl">-um-</span>, then -reduplicated (plus prefix <span lang="tl">nag-</span>).</p> -<p class="par">The part of a word to which a modification is (in this -sense) <span class="lineNum">35</span>said to be added will be called -the <i>underlying word</i> (or phrase): in <span lang= -"tl">sumùsúlat</span> the infix <span lang= -"tl">-um-</span> is added to the underlying word <span lang= -"tl">sùsúlat</span>, in <span lang= -"tl">(nag-)tùtumirà</span> reduplication is added to the -underlying word <span lang="tl">tumirà</span>; in <span lang= -"tl">ikasa-m-pùʾ</span> <i>the tenth</i> the prefixes -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> and <span lang="tl">i-</span> are -successively added to the <i>underlying phrase</i> <span lang="tl">sa m -pùʾ</span> <i>ten</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>Roots not actually -occurring in this book as independent words <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb212" href="#pb212" name="pb212">212</a>]</span>will -be written with a hyphen prefixed (<span lang= -"tl">-káin</span>), except in unmistakable lists of roots.</p> -<p id="p333" class="par"><b>333.</b> <i>The root.</i> Except for some -pronoun forms and particles, the roots have two or more syllables and -are almost always <span class="lineNum">5</span>accented either on the -last (<i>oxytone</i> roots) or on the next-to-last (<i>barytone</i> -roots): <span lang="tl">báhay</span> <i>house</i>, <span lang= -"tl">kamày</span> <i>hand</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Some disyllabic roots are formed as though a single -syllable were repeated: <span lang="tl">bitbìt, budbòd, -buŋbòŋ</span> <i>piece of unsplit bamboo</i>, -<span lang="tl">damdàm, <a id="a212.9" name= -"a212.9"></a>dibdìb</span> <i>chest</i> (part of body), -<span lang="tl">dikdìk, diŋdìŋ</span> -(<span lang="tl">dindìŋ</span>, § <a href= -"#p20">20</a>), <span class="lineNum">10</span><span lang= -"tl">gága, hinhìn, ladlàd, laglàg, -liŋkìŋ, lublòb, maŋmàŋ, -niŋnìŋ, <a id="a212.11" name= -"a212.11"></a>padpàd, paŋpàŋ, pukpòk, -satsàt, siksìk, siŋsìŋ, sísi, -súso</span> <i>breast, nipple</i>, <span lang= -"tl">sutsòt, tadtàd, tiktìk, -tiŋtìŋ (tintìŋ), tugtòg, -tuktòk, tuŋtòŋ (tuntòŋ), -ulòl</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Of the roots of more than two syllables some similarly -repeat <span class="lineNum">15</span>one or two syllables: <span lang= -"tl">alaála, babáye</span> (see § <a href= -"#p345">345</a>), <span lang="tl">bulaklàk, -lipumpòn</span> (beside <span lang= -"tl">lípon</span>).</p> -<p class="par">Others appear as though a syllable <span lang= -"tl">-al-</span> or <span lang="tl">-ag-</span> were infixed <a id= -"a212.18" name="a212.18"></a>(or prefixed) before the first syllabic: -<span lang="tl">alagàd</span> (cf. <span lang= -"tl">agàdʾ</span>), <span lang="tl">balahíbo</span> -<i>fur</i>, <i>hair on the body</i>, <span lang="tl">balíkat, -balítaʾ, Balíwag, balúbad, <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>baluktòt, dalága, -dalamháteʾ, dalandàn, dalaŋhítaʾ, -daláŋin, halakhàk, haláman, halíge, -halimbáwaʾ, halimhìm, kalabòg, -kalákal, kalasìŋ, <a id="a212.22" name= -"a212.22"></a>kalaykày, kaluskòs, palakàʾ, -salakàb, salákay, salakòt</span> <i>a rain-hat of -palm-leaves</i>, <span lang="tl">salapèʾ, salawàl, -salaysày, salitàʾ, salúboŋ, -salúkoy, talastàs, -taluŋkòʾ,—bagábag, bagáso</span> -<i>bare stalk, of sugar-cane <a id="a212.25" name= -"a212.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>or corn</i> (Spanish -<i lang="es">brazo</i>, whence Tagalog <span lang= -"tl">baráso</span> <i>arm</i>, assimilated to this type?), -<span lang="tl">Hagúnoy, lagablàb, lagánap, -pagakpàk, sagásaʾ, sagitsìt</span>.</p> -<p class="par">In some instances roots of the same or similar meaning -resemble each other in form. This is commonest in loan-words, where -<span class="lineNum">30</span>different degrees of assimilation exist -side by side: <span lang="tl">biróke, bitóke</span> -<a id="a212.31" name="a212.31"></a><i>blow-gun bullet</i> (Spanish -<i lang="es">bodoque</i>); <span lang="tl">palànsa, -pirìnsa</span> <i>flatiron</i> <a id="a212.32" name= -"a212.32"></a>(Spanish <i lang="es">plancha</i>). It occurs also, -however, in native (or anciently assimilated) roots: <span lang= -"tl">aniyáyaʾ, yáyaʾ; ánib, -sánib</span> (for <span lang="tl">sa ánib</span>?); -<span lang="tl">balítaʾ, salitàʾ; bitàw, -bitìw; bugòk, bulòk; -buŋáŋaʾ</span> <a id="a212.35" name= -"a212.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><i>mouth</i>, <i>maw</i> -(<span lang="tl">naŋ hurnò</span> <i>of the oven</i>, -<span lang="tl">naŋ kalàn</span> <i>of the stove</i>), -<a id="a212.36" name="a212.36"></a><span lang= -"tl">suŋáŋaʾ</span> <i>a blow on the mouth</i>; -<span lang="tl">dinìg, kinìg; ípon, -lípon</span> (<span lang="tl">lipumpòn</span>, <a id= -"a212.37" name="a212.37"></a>above), <span lang="tl">típon; -laàn, taàn; luhòd, túhod; -maŋhàʾ, taŋhàʾ; matày, <a id= -"a212.38" name="a212.38"></a>patày<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e33386" title="Not in source">; hantày, -hintày</span></span>.</p> -<p class="par">When syllables of a root resemble affixes, there is -always <span class="lineNum">40</span>possibility that the root may be -interpreted as a derived word by the speech-feeling, no matter whether -historically it be such or not. Thus the Index will show many roots -whose initial syllables <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb213" href= -"#pb213" name="pb213">213</a>]</span>are identical with prefixes; the -other cases will be mentioned under the various affixes.</p> -<p id="p334" class="par"><b>334.</b> <i>Affixation.</i> <i>Prefixes</i> -are added to the initial of the underlying word: <span lang= -"tl">nag-tirà</span>; <i>infixes</i> before the first syllabic: -<span lang="tl">t-um-irà, <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>um-alìs</span>; <i>suffixes</i> to the end: -<span lang="tl">tìrá-han</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Affixes are occasionally accompanied by retraction of -accent: <span lang="tl">itò, d-íto</span>. See -§§ <a href="#p343c">343,c</a>. <a href="#p358c">358,c.e</a>. -<a href="#p481c">481,c</a>. <a href="#p485a">485,a</a>. <a href= -"#p523">523</a>. <a href="#p528d">528,d</a>.</p> -<p class="par">In the following cases affixes are accompanied by -sound-variation:</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><span class= -"divNum">(a)</span> prefixes:</p> -<p id="p334a1" class="par">(1) The prefixes ending in <i>g</i> are -treated phonetically as though they were separate words; this happens -occasionally with other prefixes (§ <a href="#p34">34</a>).</p> -<p id="p334a2" class="par">(2) Initial <i>d</i> of the underlying word -becomes <i>r</i> after the <span class="lineNum">15</span>syllabic of a -prefix in the roots listed in § <a href="#p17">17</a>. The change -is constant only in the commonest formations: always <span lang= -"tl">pa-raàn</span>, but <span lang= -"tl">naká-daàn</span> beside <span lang= -"tl">naká-raàn</span>. Striking irregularities at -§§ <a href="#p407a">407,a</a>. 468.</p> -<p id="p334a3" class="par">(3) The prefix <span lang="tl">i-</span> and -in some formations the prefix <span lang="tl">ka-</span> contract -<span class="lineNum">20</span>with a following syllabic (§ -<a href="#p31">31</a>): <span lang="tl">iy-ánib</span> (for -<span lang="tl">i-ánib</span>), <span lang= -"tl">íwan</span> (for <span lang="tl">i-íwan</span>), -<span lang="tl">ka-yibíg-an</span> (for <span lang= -"tl">ka-ibíg-an</span>), <span lang= -"tl">kàwáwaʾ</span> (for <span lang= -"tl">ka-áwa-áwaʾ</span>). See §§ <a href= -"#p368">368</a>. 401. 421. 426,b. 475,a. 481,c. 485,a.</p> -<p id="p334a4" class="par">(4) The prefixes ending in <span lang= -"tl">ŋ</span> (<span lang="tl">maŋ-, naŋ-, -paŋ-</span>) alter a following initial, always in much-used words, -frequently in others.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>Before an initial -syllabic the <span lang="tl">ŋ</span> is treated as though it -belonged to the underlying word and not to the prefix. This appears in -reduplication (§ <a href="#p336">336</a>).</p> -<p class="par">Initial <i>p</i>, <i>b</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>d</i>, -<i>s</i>, are often, initial <i>k</i> is always changed to the -corresponding nasal: <span lang="tl">pamáloʾ</span> -(<span lang="tl">páloʾ</span> with <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-</span>), but also <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-pa-rikìt</span>; <span class= -"lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">pamilmìt</span> (<span lang= -"tl">bilmìt</span>), but also <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-bambò</span>; <span lang= -"tl">panáliʾ</span> (<span lang= -"tl">táliʾ</span>), but also <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-takìp; panaláŋin -(daláŋin)</span>, but also <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-dilìg; na-naríwaʾ -(saríwaʾ)</span>, but also <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-sakày; naŋapàʾ -(kapàʾ)</span>. Where the change is not made, the -<span lang="tl">ŋ</span> may be assimilated to dentals (§ -<a href="#p20">20</a>): <span lang="tl">mandurúkit</span> beside -<span lang="tl">maŋdudúkit</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>Before nasals the -<span lang="tl">ŋ</span> is usually lost: <span lang= -"tl">namahálaʾ</span> (<span lang= -"tl">mahálaʾ</span> with <span lang= -"tl">naŋ-</span>).</p> -<p class="par">See <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span> and <span lang= -"tl">maŋ-</span> in List of Formations.</p> -<p id="p334a5" class="par">(5) The prefix <span lang="tl">hin-</span> -and its compounds give rise to a few similar changes, see §§ -<a href="#p357b">357,b</a>. 376,a. 518.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>(6) For occasional -irregularities of prefixes see §§ <a href="#p347b">347,b</a>. -481,d. 528. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb214" href="#pb214" name= -"pb214">214</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p334b" class="par"><span class="divNum">(b)</span> infixes:</p> -<p id="p334b1" class="par">(1) Where <span lang="tl">-in-</span> is -infixed in a word beginning with <i>l</i>, <i>w</i>, or <i>y</i>, this -initial is usually interchanged with the <i>n</i>, so that, -practically, we have a prefixed <span lang="tl">ni-</span> instead of -an infixed <span lang="tl">-in-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">ni-lútoʾ</span> (beside <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>less common <span lang= -"tl">l-in-útoʾ</span>), <span lang= -"tl">ni-walìs</span> (beside <span lang= -"tl">w-in-íkaʾ</span>), <span lang= -"tl">ni-yáyaʾ</span>. See §§ <a href= -"#p359">359</a> ff. 374 ff.</p> -<p id="p334b2" class="par">(2) Where words beginning with syllabic, -<i>h</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>w</i> (and <i>y</i>) have the prefix <span lang= -"tl">i-</span> and the infix <span lang="tl">-in-</span>, the latter is -almost always used as a prefix, preceding the <span lang= -"tl">i-</span>: <span lang="tl">in-iy-útos, -in-íwan</span> (for <span lang="tl">in-i-íwan</span>), -<span class="lineNum">10</span><span lang="tl">in-i-hatìd, -i-ni-lútoʾ</span> (beside less common <span lang= -"tl">i-l-in-útoʾ</span>), <span lang= -"tl">in-i-wisìk</span>. See § <a href="#p368">368</a>.</p> -<p class="par">(3) On <span lang="tl">-um-</span> see § <a href= -"#p348b">348,b</a>.</p> -<p id="p334c" class="par"><span class="divNum">(c)</span> suffixes:</p> -<p class="par">(1) The suffixes (<span lang="tl">-an</span> and -<span lang="tl">-in</span>) after a syllabic take an initial -<span class="lineNum">15</span><i>h</i>: <span lang= -"tl">luksú-han</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(2) Final <i>d</i> always becomes <i>r</i> before a -suffix: <span lang="tl">lakar-àn</span> (<span lang= -"tl">lákad</span>).</p> -<p id="p334c3" class="par">(3) When used in the formation of transient -derivatives, as well as in some other of their uses, the suffixes are -accompanied <span class="lineNum">20</span>by irregular modifications -of certain roots.</p> -<p class="par">Some roots ending in syllabic are treated as if they -ended in glottal stop; they are <span lang="tl">amà, -kíta, matà: ama-ìn, kitá-an, -matá-an</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Others are treated as though they ended in <i>n</i>; -they are <span lang="tl">paà, tálo, táwa</span>: -<span lang="tl">paa-nàn</span> (beside regular <span lang= -"tl">paa-hàn</span>), <span lang="tl">talú-nan, -tawá-nan</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>Other roots lose the -syllabic of the last syllable, as well as a final glottal stop which -may follow this; if the syllabic is final, the suffix adds <i>h</i>: -<span lang="tl">asìn asn-àn</span>, <span lang= -"tl">bigày bigy-àn</span>, <span lang="tl">bilì -bil-hàn</span>, <span lang="tl">mulàʾ -mul-àn</span>. The roots so treated are: <span lang= -"tl">asìn, bigày, bilì, bukàs, dalà, -hatìd, higàʾ, ibà</span> (but also regular -<span lang="tl">iba-hàn</span>), <span lang= -"tl">eskuwéla, gawàʾ, káin, <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>kamìt, lagày, lakì, -likòd, masìd, mulàʾ, punòʾ, -pútol</span> (but also regular <span lang= -"tl">putúl-an</span>), <span lang="tl">sakày, -sákit, subò, sunòd, táŋan, -tibàʾ, tiŋìn, tirà</span> (but also -regular <span lang="tl">tirá-han</span>), <span lang= -"tl">ulìʾ, upòʾ, walàʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Still other roots add assimilation, dissimilation, or -metathesis of consonants to the loss of vowel: <span lang= -"tl">ának aŋk-àn, atìp apt-àn, -<span class="lineNum">35</span>danìw</span> (? see § -<a href="#p421">421</a>) <span lang="tl">ka-raniyúw-an, -datìŋ datn-àn, gílid ta-ligd-àn</span> -(beside regular <span lang="tl">ta-gilír-an</span>), <span lang= -"tl">halìk hagk-àn, haŋgà -haŋg-àn</span> (i. e. the <i>h</i> of <span lang= -"tl">-han</span> is lost), <span lang="tl">kinìg -kiŋg-àn, silìd sigl-àn, tanìm -tamn-àn, tuwìd ka-tu-tur-àn</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Entirely irregular are the following: <span lang= -"tl">alaála alala-hánin</span> (<span lang= -"tl">-hánin</span> <span class="lineNum">40</span>for -<span lang="tl">-hin</span>), <span lang="tl">aniyáya -anyá-han, háriʾ ka-hariy-àn -ka-hary-àn</span> (beside regular <span lang= -"tl">pag-harí-an</span>), <span lang="tl">íhip -híp-an, ílag inlag-àn</span> (for <span lang= -"tl">ilag-nàn</span>? <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb215" href= -"#pb215" name="pb215">215</a>]</span>but also regular <span lang= -"tl">ilág-an</span>), <span lang="tl">kawáyan -kwayan-àn</span> (beside regular <span lang= -"tl">kawayan-àn</span>), <span lang="tl">kilála -kilan-làn</span> (for <span lang="tl">kilal-nàn</span>?), -<span lang="tl">kúha kú-nin, laròʾ -laruw-àn larw-àn</span> (beside regular <span lang= -"tl">laru-àn</span>), <span lang="tl">pulòʾ -ka-puluw-àn ka-pulw-àn</span> (beside regular <span lang= -"tl">ka-pulu-àn</span>), <span lang="tl">sála -saŋ-làn</span> (for <span lang="tl">sal-nan</span>? -<span class="lineNum">5</span>also <span lang= -"tl">ka-salá-nan</span> and regular <span lang= -"tl">salá-han</span>), <span lang="tl">sundòʾ -pagkà-sunduw-àn</span> (beside regular <span lang= -"tl">-sundu-àn</span>), <span lang="tl">táo -ka-taw-àn</span> (? see § <a href="#p422">422</a>, also -regular <span lang="tl">ka-taú-han</span>), <span lang= -"tl">totoò tòto-hánan</span> (<span lang= -"tl">-hánan</span> for <span lang="tl">-hàn</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>335.</b> <i>Doubling.</i> In certain formations the -underlying word, if disyllabic, is repeated; the phonetic treatment is -the same as <span class="lineNum">10</span>that of successive words in -a phrase (§ <a href="#p34">34</a>): <span lang= -"tl">agad-agàd, gabi-gabì, ápat-ápat, -pa-lígid-lígid</span>.</p> -<p class="par">If the underlying word has more than two syllables, only -the beginning of it, inclusive of the second syllabic, is repeated, and -the final syllabic of this repeated part has a primary accent: -<span lang="tl">kaní-kaníno, <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>kaní-kanilà, -nag-kagá-kagalìt</span> (underlying word <span lang= -"tl">ka-galìt</span>).</p> -<p id="p336" class="par"><b>336.</b> <i>Reduplication.</i> In some -formations the beginning of the underlying word, including the first -syllabic, is repeated, <span lang="tl">sù-súlat, -á-akiyàt</span>. Words with reduced <i>i</i> or <i>u</i> -(§ <a href="#p27">27</a>) reduplicate with <i>i</i>, <i>u</i>: -<span lang="tl">maka-sí-siyà, -maka-sí-syà</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>Note the foreign words: -<span lang="tl">krùs nag-kú-kurùs, trabáho -nag-tá-trabáho</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Initial <i>d</i> of the roots listed in § <a href= -"#p17">17</a> often becomes <i>r</i> after the reduplication: -<span lang="tl">k-in-à-dò-roon-àn (doòn), -nag-dá-daàn (daàn)</span>.</p> -<p class="par">When a prefix which involves change of initial comes -before <span class="lineNum">25</span>a <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e34259" title="Source: reduplcated">reduplicated</span> form, the -latter has the changed initial both in the reduplicative syllable and -in the underlying part: <span lang="tl">nà-rò-roòn -<span class="corr" id="xd21e34267" title= -"Not in source">(</span>doòn), -pa-ŋu-ŋumìt</span> (<span lang="tl">umìt</span> -with <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span>, § <a href="#p334a4">334, a, -4</a>; also: <span lang="tl">paŋ-u-umìt</span>) <span lang= -"tl">pútol pa-mu-mútol</span> (<span lang= -"tl">pútol</span> with <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span>).</p> -<p id="p337" class="par"><b>337.</b> <i>Accent-shift.</i> In certain -formations the accent is displaced <span class="lineNum">30</span>one -syllable toward the end of the word: <span lang="tl">súlat -sulàt</span>. This is especially the case before suffixes -forming transient words: <span lang="tl">súlat -sulát-an</span>. In some formations with suffixes the accent -moves two syllables toward the end of the word: <span lang= -"tl">súlat sulat-àn</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Certain roots are especially given to this change and -show it <span class="lineNum">35</span>in formations where it is not -regular. In these roots the accent-shift is more or less clearly and -regularly connected with a modification of meaning. The roots are: -<span lang="tl">ábot</span> <i>overtake</i>, with shift: -<i>reach for</i>, <i>take hold of</i>, <i>pass</i>, <i>hand</i>; e. g. -<span lang="tl">pa-ábot</span> <i>let oneself be overtaken</i>, -<span lang="tl">pa-abòt</span> <i>something caused to be -handed</i>, <span lang="tl">ákay, álam, <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>áwaʾ, áyaw, bábaʾ, -báhay, báyaʾ, búlag, gálit, -gísiŋ, háyag, húli, <a id="xd21e34376" name= -"xd21e34376"></a>lápit, láyoʾ, múra, -sákit, sáma, síraʾ, tálo, -támaʾ, táwa, túloy, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb216" href="#pb216" name= -"pb216">216</a>]</span>úna</span>. See Index. A few pairs of -roots differing only in accent may possibly belong here, e. g. -<span lang="tl">-ának</span> <i>family</i> and <span lang= -"tl">anàk</span> <i>child</i>.</p> -<p id="p338" class="par"><b>338.</b> <i>Secondary accents.</i> (1) In -some formations a secondary accent is spoken on the initial syllable of -the underlying word: <span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang= -"tl">alìs àlís-an, ka-galìt -kàgalít-an, iyàk ìyák-an</span>. If -the first syllable is closed, the secondary accent is omitted: -<span lang="tl">luksò luksú-han</span>; so also if it is -followed by consonant plus reduced vowel (§ <a href= -"#p27">27</a>): <span lang="tl">taniyàg tanyàg -tanyág-an</span>; and also if its own vowel is reduced: -<span lang="tl">niyòg nyòg niyúg-an -nyúg-an</span>. There are some irregularities. See <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>§§ <a href="#p377b">377,b</a>. 383. 421. -421,b. 426,b.</p> -<p class="par">(2) Prefixes and reduplications often take a secondary -accent: <span lang="tl">nà-pútol</span> (different in -meaning from <span lang="tl">na-pútol</span>), <span lang= -"tl">sù-súlat</span>.</p> -<p class="par">These secondary accents have phonetically the quality of -primary accents when they come before short oxytone underlying -<span class="lineNum">15</span>words: <span lang= -"tl">ná-rinìg, á-akiyàt</span>. If, -however, the word is accented on a suffix, the accent on this is more -audible and the secondary accent remains: <span lang= -"tl">nà-buks-àn</span>. So also if there are two -secondary accents: <span lang= -"tl">nà-rì-rinìg</span>. Longer oxytone words not -accented on a suffix vary; they have been transcribed as heard in each -case: <span lang="tl">nag-sì-si-pag-laròʾ -<span class= -"lineNum">20</span>nag-sí-si-pag-laròʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>339.</b> <i>Indications.</i> In the following -description formations will be indicated as follows:</p> -<p class="par">prefixes thus: <span lang="tl">nag-</span>; infixes: -<span lang="tl">-um-</span>; suffixes: <span lang="tl">-an</span>; -secondary accent on prefixes: <span lang="tl">nà-</span>;</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>doubling by -“D”, e. g. <span lang="tl">nag- D -an</span> represents the -formation seen in <span lang= -"tl">nag-aswàŋ-aswáŋ-an</span>;</p> -<p class="par">reduplication by “r”, with secondary accent -by “R”, e. g. <span lang="tl">pag- r (pag-pu-pútol), -nag- R (nag-pù-pútol), -um- R -(s-um-ù-súlat), nag- R -um- -(nag-tù-t-um-irà)</span>;</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>secondary accent on the -first syllable of the underlying word by “S”, e. g. S -<span lang="tl">-an (àlís-an)</span>;</p> -<p class="par">accent-shift by “(1)” or “(2)”, -e. g. (1) describes the formation of <span lang= -"tl">sulàt</span> from <span lang="tl">súlat</span>; -<span lang="tl">(1) -an (sulát-an); (2) -an -(sulat-àn)</span>.</p> -<p id="p340" class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>340.</b> -<i>Summary of formations.</i> The various formations group themselves -into eight classes: 1. simple formations without characteristic prefix, -expressing simple actions, objects, etc.; 2. <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e34578" title="Source: forma-mations">formations</span> with -characteristic prefix <span lang="tl">pag-</span>, expressing chiefly -transitive actions; 3. characteristic prefix <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-</span>, deliberate actions; 4. <span lang= -"tl">si-</span>, <span class="lineNum">40</span>action by more than one -actor; 5. <span lang="tl">paki-</span>, action along with others; 6. -<span lang="tl">ka-</span>, reciprocal, involuntary, and accidental; 7. -<span lang="tl">pa-</span>, causative; 8. <span lang="tl">pati-</span>, -reflexive. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb217" href="#pb217" name= -"pb217">217</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">These indications are a mere rough guide: neither the -characteristic prefix nor the meaning indicated runs through the entire -group. The first three groups are the most important, and, to a large -extent, each formation of the other five groups belongs also -<span class="lineNum">5</span>to one of the three primary groups.</p> -<p class="par">In each group there are four types of words: <i>simple -static</i>, <i>transient</i>, <i>abstracts of action</i>, and -<i>special static</i>. The simple static words involve no idea of -active or passive; the transients are accompanied by abstracts, in -which the transient occurrence is viewed <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>as a static concept, and by special static words, -which, though static, involve the idea of voice: simple static -<span lang="tl">súlat</span> <i>a document</i>, <i>writing</i>, -<i>letter</i>; transient <span lang="tl">sumúlat</span> -<i>wrote</i>, <span lang="tl">sulátan</span> <i>is to be written -<a id="a217.13" name="a217.13"></a>to</i>; abstract <span lang= -"tl">pagsúlat</span> <i>an act of writing</i>; special static -<span lang="tl">sulatàn</span> <i>a writing-desk</i> (with idea -of local passive).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>Each (active or passive, -§ <a href="#p92">92</a>) transient formation exists in two -<i>modes</i>, <i>actual</i> and <i>contingent</i>, and each of these -has two <i>aspects</i>, <i>punctual</i> and <i>durative</i>; the -durative always has accented reduplication. The actual mode envisages -the occurrence as actually having taken place or taking place: in the -punctual aspect the <span class="lineNum">20</span>occurrence is viewed -in its entirety, without regard to duration, and hence always as past: -<span lang="tl">nagáral</span> <i>studied</i>, <i>learned</i>; -in the durative aspect of the actual the occurrence is viewed as a -process going on in time, past or present: <span lang= -"tl">nagàáral</span> <i>was studying</i>, <i>is -studying</i>, <i>used to study</i>, <i>studied (repeatedly)</i>, -<i>studies</i>. The contingent <span class="lineNum">25</span>mode -views the occurrence as not having actually taken place: the punctual -<span class="corr" id="xd21e34783" title= -"Source: aspect aspect">aspect</span> views it as possible, -hypothetical, or commanded: <span lang="tl">magáral</span> -<i>should study</i>, <i>study</i> (as command); the durative <a id= -"a217.28" name="a217.28"></a>as future from the point of view of the -past or present: <span lang="tl">magàáral</span> <i>will -study</i>, <i>was going to study</i>. The punctual contingent -<span class="lineNum">30</span>form is used not only in commands and -hypothetical clauses, but in subordinate predications and complements -generally, even, for instance, after <span lang="tl">naŋ</span> -(§ <a href="#p192">192</a> f.), and often, in such constructions, -in competition with actual forms. It is often used, further, after -<span lang="tl">hindìʾ</span> (§ <a href= -"#p238">238</a>). When objectivized with <span lang= -"tl">aŋ</span>, it expresses the possibility <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>or circumstance of the occurrence: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ magáral</span> <i>a hypothetical studier</i>, -<i>the circumstance that one might study</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The abstracts of action are much used in the -construction described at § <a href="#p274">274</a>.</p> -<p class="par">In addition to these more or less regular and -systematized <span class="lineNum">40</span>forms, there are various -isolated formations, which will be discussed after the others.</p> -<p class="par">A systematically arranged list of formations precedes -the Index. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb218" href="#pb218" name= -"pb218">218</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div3 section" id="ch2.c.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h4 class="main"><span class="divNum">3.</span> Description of -formations.</h4> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.c.3.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum">I.</span> <i>Primary groups</i> -(zero, <span lang="tl">pag-, paŋ-</span>).</h5> -<div class="div5 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.a"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">A.</span> Simple static -forms.</h6> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.a.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(1)</span> Root-words.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p341" class="par first"><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><b>341.</b> The uses of root-words cover a wide range -of meanings, the diversity of which is due to the various material -meanings of the roots. The rough grouping here made is a matter of -convenience; the speech-feeling seems not to distinguish classes of -roots or diverse employments of root-words.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>While a complete list of -the examples occurring in the Texts and illustrative sentences will be -given for nearly all other formations, the root-words are so numerous -that it will be expedient <a id="a218.13" name="a218.13"></a>merely to -refer to the Index.</p> -<p class="par">(1) Root-words in many cases express object-ideas which -are <span class="lineNum">15</span>viewed as simple: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ báhay</span> <i>house</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -táo</span> <i>human being</i>.</p> -<p class="par">(2) If the words containing a root have in common the -idea of a quality rather than of an object, the root-word may express -either the quality itself, or an object possessing the quality.</p> -<p class="par">(a) In the former case, it is generally <i>a single -occurrence of <span class="lineNum">20</span>the quality</i> that is -expressed, not the quality in general, which is expressed rather by a -collective with <span lang="tl">ka-</span> and <span lang= -"tl">-an</span> (§ <a href="#p421">421</a> ff.), but this -distinction is not fully carried out. The root-word generally <a id= -"a218.23" name="a218.23"></a>stands in object construction. Examples: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ búte ni Hwàn ay <a id="a218.24" -name="a218.24"></a>walá sa kanya ŋ úlo, -dátapuwat násàsa kanya ŋ -púsoʾ.</span> <i>Juan’s <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>good quality lies not in his head, but in his -heart.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay <a id="a218.26" name= -"a218.26"></a>táo ŋ wala ŋ daŋàl.</span> -<i>Pedro is a person without honor.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -ínit <a id="a218.27" name="a218.27"></a>naŋ -tagáraw</span> <i>the heat of summer</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ lálim naŋ balòn ay isà ŋ -<a id="a218.28" name="a218.28"></a>pantay-kawáyan.</span> <i>The -depth of the well is the length of a bamboo-tree.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ lamìg sa Amérika ay masyádo.</span> -<i>The cold in America is <a id="a218.30" name= -"a218.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>excessive.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ligsè naŋ usà ay hindí -gáya naŋ sa áso.</span> <i>The speed <a id="a218.31" -name="a218.31"></a>of the deer is not equal to that of the dog.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ samá naŋ ságiŋ <a id= -"a218.32" name="a218.32"></a>na itò ay nása -ugàt.</span> <i>The trouble with this banana-tree is at the -root.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ taàs naŋ -káhoy</span> <i>the height of the tree</i>.</p> -<p class="par">(b) When expressing <i>an object endowed with a -quality</i>, the <span class="lineNum">35</span>root-word is in -competition with words formed with the prefix <span lang= -"tl">ma-</span> (§ <a href="#p454">454</a>). It usually stands as -a predicate or as conjunctive attribute <a id="a218.37" name= -"a218.37"></a>of another word. <span lang="tl">aŋ túbig na -álat</span> <i>salt-water</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -dágat na <a id="a218.38" name="a218.38"></a>álat</span> -<i>the salt-sea</i>, <i>the ocean</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pákoʾ ay baluktòt.</span> <i>The nail is <a id= -"a218.39" name="a218.39"></a>crooked.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -patalìm ay báwal sa maŋa bátaʾ.</span> -<i>Children are not <a id="a218.40" name="a218.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>allowed to have sharp tools.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ itlùg na yitò y bugòk</span> (or: -<span lang="tl">bulòk</span>). <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb219" href="#pb219" name="pb219">219</a>]</span><a id="a219.1" name= -"a219.1"></a><i>This egg is rotten.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -bugòk.</span> <i>He is crazy.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -buwísit na alílaʾ</span> <i>a repulsive servant</i>. -<span lang="tl">Ikàw ay bwísit.</span> <i>You are a -bore.</i> <a id="a219.3" name="a219.3"></a><span lang="tl">Maŋa -gíliw ko ŋ ginoò!</span> <i>Honored sirs!</i> -<span lang="tl">isa ŋ táu ŋ hámak</span> <i>a -no-account person</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ táu ŋ -lasìŋ</span> <i>the drunken man</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya y -lasìŋ.</span> <a id="a219.5" name="a219.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><i>He is drunk.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -pulúbe ŋ lumpò</span> <i>the lame beggar</i>. -<span lang="tl">Sya y lumpò.</span> <i>He is lame.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay isa ŋ mahàl na -bátaʾ sa kanya ŋ maŋa <a id="a219.7" name= -"a219.7"></a>magúlaŋ.</span> <i>Juan is a child dear to his -parents.</i> <span lang="tl">Múra aŋ maŋa <a id= -"a219.8" name="a219.8"></a>síle sa panahò ŋ -itò.</span> <i>Peppers are cheap at this time.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí pansìn <a id="a219.9" name= -"a219.9"></a>aŋ piklàt sa mukhà naŋ -dalága ŋ si Maryà.</span> <i>The scar on young -<a id="a219.10" name="a219.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Maria’s face is not noticeable.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ táo ŋ panòt</span> <i>a -bald-headed man</i>. <a id="a219.11" name="a219.11"></a><span lang= -"tl">isa ŋ báya ŋ payápaʾ</span> <i>a -tranquil town</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya y pípe.</span> <i>He is -dumb.</i> <a id="a219.12" name="a219.12"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -pintà naŋ bintánaʾ ay putèʾ.</span> -<i>The window is painted white.</i> <a id="a219.13" name= -"a219.13"></a><span lang="tl">Sagàd aŋ kanya ŋ -gupìt.</span> <i>His hair-cut is close.</i> <span lang="tl">Sina -Hwàn ay <a id="a219.14" name="a219.14"></a>salàt sa -pananamìt.</span> <i>Juan and his family are short of -clothing.</i> <a id="a219.15" name="a219.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">Akò y sawí sa -pagsusúboʾ sa bátaʾ.</span> <i>I am in an -awkward position <a id="a219.16" name="a219.16"></a>for feeding the -child.</i> <span lang="tl">Sáyaŋ aŋ báta ŋ -si Hwàn.</span> <i>Little Juan is <a id="a219.17" name= -"a219.17"></a>to be regretted.</i> <span lang="tl">Isa ŋ -táo ŋ sinuŋáliŋ si Pédro.</span> -<i>Pedro is a liar.</i> <a id="a219.18" name="a219.18"></a><span lang= -"tl">Si Hwàn ay isa ŋ táo ŋ -tanyàg.</span> <i>Juan is a renowned man.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tanyàg sya sa kanya ŋ kláse.</span> <i>He is at -the head of his class.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a219.20" -name="a219.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>tigàs naŋ -káhoy</span> <i>the hard part of the log</i>. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ daà ŋ tumpàk</span> <i>the <a id= -"a219.21" name="a219.21"></a>right road</i>. <span lang="tl">si -Untèʾ</span> <i>Shorty</i> (as nickname).</p> -<p class="par">(3) If the words containing the root refer rather to an -action or occurrence, the uses of the root-word are more varied.</p> -<p id="p341.3a" class="par">(a) The root-word may refer to the action -itself; it is used <span class="lineNum">25</span>of a single instance -rather than of the action in general, which is expressed rather by -abstracts of action, though the distinction is not always clear. The -root-word so used is mostly in object construction. <a id="a219.28" -name="a219.28"></a>Examples: <span lang="tl">Aŋ anyáya sa -ákin ni Hwána ay áki ŋ <a id="a219.29" name= -"a219.29"></a>tinaŋgàp.</span> <i>I accepted Juana’s -invitation.</i> <span lang="tl">May bálìʾ aŋ -kawáyan.</span> <span class="lineNum">30</span><i>The bamboo has -a break in it.</i> <span lang="tl">May búhay pa aŋ -púsa ŋ itò.</span> <i>This <a id="a219.31" name= -"a219.31"></a>cat is still alive.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -dalamhátì naŋ kanya ŋ inà ay -malakì.</span> <i>His <a id="a219.32" name= -"a219.32"></a>mother’s grief is great.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa -damdam kò y nagumpisa nà aŋ malalamìg na -áraw.</span> <i>I think</i> (literally: <i>In my feeling</i>) -<i>the cold days <a id="a219.34" name="a219.34"></a>have begun</i>. -<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay sya ŋ pumáyag sa -hilìŋ nilà sa kanya <a id="a219.35" name= -"a219.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>ŋ -sasakyàn.</span> <i>Juan was the one who acceded to their -request for <a id="a219.36" name="a219.36"></a>his vehicle.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ húgas naŋ piŋgàn ay -marumè.</span> <i>The washing of the dishes is dirty</i>, i. e. -<i>The dishes have been poorly washed</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -<a id="a219.38" name="a219.38"></a>kantà naŋ íbon ay -maínam.</span> <i>The bird’s song is pleasant.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kasàl ni Pédro at ni Maryà -ay sa liŋgò.</span> <i>The wedding of Pedro and <a id= -"a219.40" name="a219.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>Maria will -be on Sunday.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ áki ŋ -lúlan sa trén</span> <i>my embarking <a id="a219.41" -name="a219.41"></a>(with all my goods) on the train</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagakpàk naŋ maŋa táo <a id= -"a219.42" name="a219.42"></a>ay nakabíbiŋi.</span> <i>The -applause of the people was deafening.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb220" href="#pb220" name= -"pb220">220</a>]</span><a id="a220.1" name= -"a220.1"></a>pásoʾ sa paà ni Pédro ay -malakì.</span> <i>The burn on Pedro’s foot is <a id= -"a220.2" name="a220.2"></a>large.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pútol naŋ buhòk ni Hwàn ay -bakìl-bakìl.</span> <i>Juan’s hair-cut <a id= -"a220.3" name="a220.3"></a>is uneven.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa -lúnes aŋ tagpú nila sa -daà-ŋ-Balíwag.</span> <i>They <a id="a220.4" name= -"a220.4"></a>are to meet on the Baliwag road next Monday.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ tahòl ni Batò <a id="a220.5" -name="a220.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>ŋ -Bákal</span> <i>the barking of Iron Stone</i> (name of a dog). -<span lang="tl">Aŋ támà naŋ bátaʾ -ay sa úlo.</span> <i>The child was struck on the head.</i> -<span lang="tl">Binigyàn <a id="a220.7" name="a220.7"></a>ni -Hwàn naŋ isà ŋ tapìk aŋ -kaybígan nya ŋ si Pédro.</span> <i>Juan gave <a id= -"a220.8" name="a220.8"></a>his friend Pedro a nudge.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ túlog ay mabábaw.</span> <i>His -<a id="a220.9" name="a220.9"></a>sleep is light.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ upú naŋ Intsìk ay -pataluŋkòʾ.</span> <i>The Chinese sit <a id="a220.10" -name="a220.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>squatting.</i> -<span lang="tl">Butíhan mo aŋ yárì naŋ -sambalílo.</span> <i>Put a good finish on (the making of) the -hat.</i></p> -<p class="par">(b) The root-word may express <i>an object by virtue of -which the action becomes possible or has concrete manifestation</i>; -this use closely approaches transient passives of various kinds. -Root-words <span class="lineNum">15</span>in this use are most commonly -conjunctive attributes, but the object construction, especially in the -predicate, is frequent. <a id="a220.17" name="a220.17"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ágaw nya ŋ laruwàn ay inilagay -nyà sa kahòn.</span> <i>The toys he snatched were put by -him into a box.</i> <span lang="tl">Síno sa maŋa táo -<a id="a220.19" name="a220.19"></a>aŋ ináko ni -Mariyáno? Aŋ áko ni Mariyáno ay si -Pédro.</span> <span class="lineNum">20</span><i>Which one of the -men did Mariano relieve?</i>—<i>The one whom <a id="a220.21" -name="a220.21"></a>Mariano <span class="corr" id="xd21e35591" title= -"Source: relieves">relieved</span> is Pedro.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag -kayò ŋ mamútol naŋ <a id="a220.22" name= -"a220.22"></a>kawáya ŋ hindí ninyo -áriʾ.</span> <i>Don’t make a cutting of bamboo not -owned by you</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ áriʾ</span> -<i>property</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ may áriʾ</span> -<i>the <a id="a220.24" name="a220.24"></a>owner or master</i>. -<span lang="tl">Aŋ bigay nyà sa ákin naŋ -Paskò naŋ Paŋaŋanàk <a id="a220.25" name= -"a220.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>na nagdaàn ay isa -ŋ tabakéra.</span> <i>For last Christmas he gave <a id= -"a220.26" name="a220.26"></a>me a tabatiere.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ bíhis nya ŋ damìt</span> <i>the (good) -clothes she has <a id="a220.27" name="a220.27"></a>put on (in place of -her others)</i>. <span lang="tl">isa ŋ bíroʾ</span> -<i>a joke</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ byày na isdàʾ -sa palàisdáan</span> <i>the fish allowed to swim free in -the fish-reservoir</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ dalà</span> -<i>that carried</i>; <span lang="tl">Dalà ni Hwàn aŋ -lumbò.</span> <i>Juan is carrying <a id="a220.30" name= -"a220.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>the cup.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ dikìt naŋ apòy</span> <i>the blazing of -the fire</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a220.31" name= -"a220.31"></a>orasàn ni Hwàn ay gáliŋ sa -Parìs.</span> <i>Juan’s watch comes from Paris.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ tornìlyo ŋ itò y -gámit sa mákina.</span> <i>This screw is used in the -machine.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ gantì nya ŋ -pálaʾ</span> <i>the gift he gave in return</i><span class= -"corr" id="xd21e35702" title="Source: ;">.</span> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ <a id="a220.34" name="a220.34"></a>kwáko ŋ -itò ay ganti ŋ pálaʾ sa ákin ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>This cigar-holder <a id="a220.35" name= -"a220.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>is a return-gift to me -from Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">May hálo ŋ iba ŋ -bágay aŋ gátas na itò.</span> <i>This milk -has something else mixed in with it.</i> <span lang="tl">háti -<a id="a220.37" name="a220.37"></a>ŋ gabì</span> -<i>midnight</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ hampàs na -tinaŋgàp ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ <a id="a220.38" -name="a220.38"></a>paŋinoòn ay isà ŋ -kabàn.</span> <i>The whipping Juan got from his master <a id= -"a220.39" name="a220.39"></a>was twenty-five strokes.</i> <span lang= -"tl">May háraŋ na púno-ŋ-káhoy aŋ -daà ŋ <a id="a220.40" name="a220.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>patúŋo sa báriyo naŋ -San-Visènte.</span> <i>The road toward the district <a id= -"a220.41" name="a220.41"></a>of San Vicente has a tree obstructing -it.</i> <span lang="tl">Húle si Hwàn naŋ -pulìs.</span> <a id="a220.42" name="a220.42"></a><i>Juan was -arrested by the policeman.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ igìb nya -ŋ túbig ay <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb221" href= -"#pb221" name="pb221">221</a>]</span>marumè.</span> <i>The water -he dipped from the spring is dirty.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id= -"a221.2" name="a221.2"></a>binàbása nya ŋ -librò ay kathà ni Risàl.</span> <i>The book he is -reading <a id="a221.3" name="a221.3"></a>was written by Rizal.</i> -<span lang="tl">Laàn</span> (or: <span lang= -"tl">taàn</span>) <span lang="tl">kay Pédro aŋ -alaála ŋ itò.</span> <a id="a221.4" name= -"a221.4"></a><i>This present is reserved for Pedro.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ lákad ni Hwàn ay aŋ <a id="a221.5" -name="a221.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>paŋhihiràm.</span> <i>Juan’s errand -is to borrow something.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ lúlan ni -<a id="a221.6" name="a221.6"></a>Hwàn sa kanya ŋ -karitòn ay maŋa kahòn naŋ álak.</span> -<i>Juan’s load on his wagon is cases of liquor</i>; <span lang= -"tl">aŋ lúla ŋ kasaŋkápan</span> <i>the -loaded <a id="a221.8" name="a221.8"></a>utensils</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ manòk na yitò y lúto sa -durúan.</span> <i>This chicken is <a id="a221.9" name= -"a221.9"></a>roasted on the spit.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàhúle si Hwàn sa tabì naŋ kanya -ŋ nákaw <a id="a221.10" name="a221.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>na kabáyo.</span> <i>Juan was caught with the -horse he stole.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pásak <a id= -"a221.11" name="a221.11"></a>naŋ baŋkàʾ ay -bunòt naŋ nyòg at pagkìt.</span> <i>The boat -is calked with cocoanut fibre and wax.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pígil ni Hwàn ay aŋ kabáyo.</span> <i>Juan -<a id="a221.13" name="a221.13"></a>is trying to restrain the horse.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pintàs ko kay Hwàn ay aŋ -<a id="a221.14" name="a221.14"></a>kanya ŋ bísyo ŋ -paginòm.</span> <i>What I don’t like about Juan is his -<a id="a221.15" name="a221.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>vice -of drunkenness.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ púlot</span> -<i>anything picked up</i>; <i>an adopted <a id="a221.16" name= -"a221.16"></a>child</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ isa ŋ -pútol na púno-ŋ-káhoy</span> <i>a tree that -has been cut up</i>; <a id="a221.17" name="a221.17"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pútol naŋ káhoy ay -nàpakaiklèʾ.</span> <i>The wood has been cut too -<a id="a221.18" name="a221.18"></a>short.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -librò ay aŋ sadyá ko sa báhay ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>The book is what I went to Juan’s house -for.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ sakày sa trèn ay -limà ŋ <a id="a221.20" name="a221.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>kompanyà ŋ sundálo.</span> <i>The -people in the train are five companies of soldiers.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ saŋkàp naŋ manòk ay -kalabása.</span> <i>The chicken is <a id="a221.22" name= -"a221.22"></a>cooked with pumpkin.</i> <span lang= -"tl">“Magsipagsísi kayò, maŋa táo -ŋ makasalánan,” <a id="a221.23" name= -"a221.23"></a>aŋ sigàw naŋ kúra mulá sa -pùlpito.</span> <i>“Repent, ye sinners,” <a id= -"a221.24" name="a221.24"></a>was the cry of the priest from the -pulpit.</i> <span lang="tl">isa ŋ súboʾ</span> <i>a -<a id="a221.25" name="a221.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>mouthful</i>. <span lang="tl">Marámi sya -ŋ tágo ŋ kwaltà.</span> <i>He has much money -<a id="a221.26" name="a221.26"></a>saved away.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ tanìm naŋ búkid ay pálay na -malagkìt.</span> <i>The field <a id="a221.27" name= -"a221.27"></a>is planted with a sticky rice.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ taŋgàp nya ŋ bílin ay lubhà -ŋ marámi.</span> <i>The commissions he received were -numerous.</i> <span lang="tl">Malakàs aŋ táwa ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan’s laughter was loud.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ táwag sa lugàr <a id="a221.30" name= -"a221.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>na itò ay -Kinamatayà-ŋ-Kabáyo.</span> <i>They call this place -Dead Horse.</i> <a id="a221.31" name="a221.31"></a><span lang= -"tl">aŋ tuŋtòŋ</span> <i>that on which something -stands</i>; <i>a mat on which dishes <a id="a221.32" name= -"a221.32"></a>are set</i> (specific name: <span lang= -"tl">dikìn</span>). <span lang="tl">Aŋ túrù -naŋ bátaʾ ay aŋ mansánas sa -mésa.</span> <i>The child is pointing at the apple on the -table.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a221.34" name= -"a221.34"></a>usísaʾ sa ákin ni Hwàn ay -kuŋ saan nàndon aŋ kanya ŋ -sombréro.</span> <a id="a221.35" name="a221.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span><i>What Juan asked me was where his hat was.</i> -<span lang="tl">Walá sya ŋ uwì ŋ <a id= -"a221.36" name="a221.36"></a>maŋa librò.</span> <i>He did -not bring home any books.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ talìm -naŋ <a id="a221.37" name="a221.37"></a>gúlok ay yári -sa Yurúpa.</span> <i>The cutting-edge of the bolo is made in -Europe.</i></p> -<p id="p341.3c" class="par">(c) Especially with the particle -<span lang="tl">nà</span> (§ <a href="#p223">223</a>) the -root-word <span class="lineNum">40</span>often expresses a brusque -command; in this use it is in competition <a id="a221.41" name= -"a221.41"></a>with transient forms. <span lang="tl">Dalí ka -naŋ iyo ŋ pagtakbò.</span> <i>Hurry your <a id= -"a221.42" name="a221.42"></a>running</i>, i. e. <i>Run faster</i>. -<span lang="tl">Hampàs na kayò, maŋa -bátaʾ, sa maŋa <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb222" -href="#pb222" name="pb222">222</a>]</span><a id="a222.1" name= -"a222.1"></a>laŋgàm.</span> <i>Whip at the ants, boys.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hátì na naŋ mansánas.</span> -<i>Divide <a id="a222.2" name="a222.2"></a>up the apples.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hintú na kayò, maŋa -bátaʾ.</span> <i>Stop, children.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ísip <a id="a222.3" name="a222.3"></a>na kayò -kuŋ anò aŋ kahulugàn naŋ áki ŋ -bugtòŋ.</span> <i>Guess the meaning <a id="a222.4" name= -"a222.4"></a>of my riddle.</i> <span lang="tl">Láyas na!</span> -<i>Get out!</i> <span lang="tl">Lígù na!</span> <i>Take a -bath!</i> <a id="a222.5" name="a222.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">Luksu nà sa tinìk na -iyàn.</span> <i>Jump across those spines.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sáma nà sa kanyà.</span> <i>Go to him.</i> -<span lang="tl">Táwag na naŋ maŋa polìs.</span> -<i>Call the police.</i> <a id="a222.7" name="a222.7"></a><span lang= -"tl">Tayòʾ</span>. <i>Stand up.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Upú na</span>. <i>Sit down.</i></p> -<p id="p341.3d" class="par">(d) Repeated with <span lang= -"tl">naŋ</span> (§ <a href="#p191">191</a>) root-words, as -predicates, denote an actor in repeated and continuous action: -<span lang="tl">Nàkíta ko ŋ <a id="a222.10" name= -"a222.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>pútol naŋ -pútol si Hwàn naŋ tubò.</span> <i>I saw Juan -cutting away at the sugar-cane.</i> Similarly (see Index) <span lang= -"tl">bilì</span> and <span lang="tl">táwa</span>.</p> -<p id="p342" class="par"><b>342.</b> Root-words with accent-shift. -Barytone roots are used as root-words with shift of accent to the last -syllable to denote <i>something which has been affected by the action, -quality, or (in <span class="lineNum">15</span>fewer cases) thing</i>, -which is denoted by the root. The particle <span lang= -"tl">nà</span> <a id="a222.16" name="a222.16"></a>is usually -added. <span lang="tl">Agaw nà sa súnog aŋ maŋa -laruwàn.</span> <i>The toys <a id="a222.17" name= -"a222.17"></a>have been snatched from the fire.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Awá na si Hwàn sa kanya ŋ <a id="a222.18" name= -"a222.18"></a>pinarùrusáha ŋ anàk.</span> -<i>Juan is already overcome with pity for his <a id="a222.19" name= -"a222.19"></a>child, whom he is punishing.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -áso ni Hwàn ay bahày.</span> <i>Juan’s -<span class="lineNum">20</span>dog is grown up in the house, is -completely domesticated.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ báta ŋ -si Hwàn ay bahày.</span> <i>Little Juan is shy, is unused -to strangers.</i> <a id="a222.22" name="a222.22"></a><span lang= -"tl">Bayad nà aŋ útaŋ sa ákin ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan’s debt to me is <a id="a222.23" name= -"a222.23"></a>paid now.</i> <span lang="tl">Bihis nà aŋ -bátaʾ.</span> <i>The child’s clothes have been <a id= -"a222.24" name="a222.24"></a>changed</i>, <i>The child is dressed up -now</i>. <span lang="tl">Bilaŋ nà aŋ maŋa -itlòg <a id="a222.25" name="a222.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>na itò.</span> <i>These eggs are already -counted.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ úlo ni Hwàn ay -bilòg.</span> <i>Juan’s head is round</i>; or: <i>Juan has -been fooled</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ bilòg <a id="a222.27" -name="a222.27"></a>na táboʾ</span> <i>the round dipper</i>. -<span lang="tl">Buhày aŋ áki ŋ -inà.</span> <i>My mother is living.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -bulàg.</span> <i>He is blinded</i>; or: <i>He is blind</i>; -<span lang="tl">aŋ babáye <a id="a222.29" name= -"a222.29"></a>ŋ bulàg</span> <i>the blind woman</i>. -<span lang="tl">Daiŋ nà aŋ isdàʾ.</span> -<i>The fish has been <span class="lineNum">30</span>laid open.</i> -<span lang="tl">isa ŋ táo ŋ gutòm</span> <i>a -hungry</i> (or: <i>gluttonous</i>) <i>person</i>. <a id="a222.31" name= -"a222.31"></a><span lang="tl">Hatí na aŋ -tubò.</span> <i>The sugar-cane is cut in two.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Huli nà si <a id="a222.32" name="a222.32"></a>Hwána -sa trén.</span> <i>Juana is late for the train.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ karnè ay ihaw <a id="a222.33" name= -"a222.33"></a>nà.</span> <i>The meat is done.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Init nà aŋ gátas.</span> <i>The milk is -heated.</i> <a id="a222.34" name="a222.34"></a><span lang="tl">Kayas -nà aŋ kawáya ŋ itò.</span> <i>This -bamboo is already smoothed.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a222.35" -name="a222.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>pagkùkúnan nya naŋ itlòg -ay aŋ kahò ŋ kulaŋ nà.</span> <i>He will -take eggs from the box that is already started</i> (literally: -<i>incomplete</i>, <a id="a222.37" name="a222.37"></a>cf. <span lang= -"tl">Ápat na sèntimos aŋ kúlaŋ -nitò.</span> <i>This lacks four cents, is four <a id="a222.38" -name="a222.38"></a>cents too little</i>). <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e36416" title="Not in source"><span lang="tl">Lakàd -kamì ŋ umwèʾ.</span> <i>We went home on -foot.</i></span> <span lang="tl">Lipas nà aŋ gamòt -(aŋ pabaŋòʾ).</span> <i>The medicine (the -perfume) is stale, has lost its strength.</i> <span lang="tl">Lipas -nà aŋ <a id="a222.40" name="a222.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>áki ŋ gútom.</span> <i>My hunger -has disappeared.</i> <span lang="tl">Pasòʾ aŋ -lugàr na itò naŋ kanya ŋ kamày.</span> -<i>This spot on his hand is burned</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -pasòʾ</span> <a id="a222.42" name="a222.42"></a><i>a -pottery dish</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkakàgalítan -ni Hwàn at ni Pédro ay pawí <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb223" href="#pb223" name= -"pb223">223</a>]</span><a id="a223.1" name= -"a223.1"></a>nà.</span> <i>The quarrel between Juan and Pedro is -now allayed.</i> <span lang="tl">Pigil nà aŋ -kabáyo.</span> <i>The horse is under control now.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ káhoy ay <a id="a223.3" name= -"a223.3"></a>putul nà.</span> <i>The wood is now cut.</i> -<span lang="tl">Itò y sirá na.</span> <i>This is already -<a id="a223.4" name="a223.4"></a>ruined.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sunòg aŋ damìt na kanya ŋ -pinirìnsa.</span> <i>The clothes which <a id="a223.5" name= -"a223.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>she ironed are scorched</i>; -<span lang="tl">sunòg na asúkal</span> <i>burnt -sugar</i>. <span lang="tl">Tamá na <a id="a223.6" name= -"a223.6"></a>aŋ iyo ŋ pagkwènta.</span> <i>Now you -have figured it correctly.</i> <span lang="tl">Tipun <a id="a223.7" -name="a223.7"></a>nà an maŋa kalabàw.</span> <i>Now -the <span class="corr" id="xd21e36525" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> are rounded up.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tulis <a id="a223.8" name="a223.8"></a>nà aŋ -lápis.</span> <i>The pencil is sharpened.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Turòʾ aŋ kanya ŋ dalíreʾ.</span> -<i>His finger is stiff.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>This form occurs, in this -book, also from the following roots (see Index): <span lang= -"tl">básag, búnot, gálit, gámit, -hásaʾ, kilála, lápad, límaŋ, -págod, sákop, sánay, súlat, tápos, -tiwálaʾ, túloy.</span></p> -<p class="par">(a) In the case of some roots this form is used like a -simple root-word without accent-shift; these are roots in which the -accent-shift <span class="lineNum">15</span>expresses a modification of -the material meaning; see § <a href="#p337">337</a>. <a id= -"a223.16" name="a223.16"></a>So: <span lang="tl">alàm</span> -<i>that known</i> (see Index); <span lang="tl">Babá na -riyàn sa iyò ŋ -kinàùupàn!</span> <a id="a223.17" name= -"a223.17"></a><i>Come down from your perch!</i> <a id="xd21e36584" -name="xd21e36584"></a><a id="a223.18" name="a223.18"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ sakìt na kanya ŋ tinítiis ay aŋ -lagnàt <a id="a223.19" name="a223.19"></a>na -típus.</span> <i>The sickness from which he is suffering is -typhoid fever.</i> <a id="a223.20" name="a223.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>(<span lang="tl">aŋ sákit na kanya -ŋ tinítiìs</span> <i>the grief he is enduring</i>). -<span lang="tl">Sama <a id="a223.21" name="a223.21"></a>táyo sa -pagbilì naŋ pálay.</span> <i>Let us be partners in -buying rice.</i> Cf. also <span lang="tl">hulì</span>, -above.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a223.23" name="a223.23"></a>(b) In oxytone roots, -where the accent-shift cannot occur, <a id="a223.24" name= -"a223.24"></a>our form is homonymous with the simple root-word: -<span lang="tl">Bigti nà si <a id="a223.25" name= -"a223.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>Pédro.</span> -<i>Pedro is now strangled.</i> <a id="xd21e36634" name= -"xd21e36634"></a><a id="a223.26" name="a223.26"></a><span lang= -"tl">Bukas nà aŋ láta.</span> <i>The can is -opened.</i> <a id="a223.27" name="a223.27"></a><span lang="tl">Busug -nà aŋ maŋa háyop.</span> <i>The animals have -been fed their fill.</i> <a id="a223.28" name="a223.28"></a><span lang= -"tl">Hintú na aŋ trén naŋ akò y -sumakày.</span> <i>The train had stopped <a id="a223.29" name= -"a223.29"></a>when I got on.</i> <span lang="tl">Hubad nà -aŋ bátaʾ.</span> <i>The child is undressed now.</i> -<a id="a223.30" name="a223.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa Igoróte ay -hubàd.</span> <i>The Igorote go naked.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Huŋkuy nà <a id="a223.31" name="a223.31"></a>aŋ -bigàs.</span> <i>The rice is fanned now.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya -y kasàl.</span> <i>He (she) is married.</i> <a id="a223.32" -name="a223.32"></a><span lang="tl">Pantay nà aŋ -lúpaʾ.</span> <i>The ground has been levelled.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nàkíta <a id="a223.33" name= -"a223.33"></a>ko ŋ patìd aŋ sampáyan naŋ -damìt.</span> <i>I saw that the clothes-line was broken.</i> -<span lang="tl">Punú na aŋ bóte ŋ -itò.</span> <i>This bottle is already full.</i> <a id="a223.35" -name="a223.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><span lang= -"tl">Tayú na aŋ báhay.</span> <i>The house is -already erected.</i> <span lang="tl">Tikwas nà aŋ -káhoy.</span> <i>One end of the log is down.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly are used: <span lang="tl">aŋkìn, -bilì, tadtàd, tuwàʾ</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.a.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(2)</span> Doubling.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p343" class="par first"><b>343.</b> Simple doubling. Simple -doubling expresses explicit <span class="lineNum">40</span>plurality or -repetition, often with the idea of variation, intensity, <a id= -"a223.41" name="a223.41"></a>or diminution: <span lang= -"tl">ápat-ápat</span> <i>four by four</i>, <i>four at a -time</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ mata-matà</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb224" href="#pb224" name= -"pb224">224</a>]</span><a id="a224.1" name= -"a224.1"></a><i>trellis-work</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -dúrù nya naŋ karáyom ay hindi -parè-parého.</span> <a id="a224.2" name= -"a224.2"></a><i>Her stitches with the needle are not even.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sabày-sabày sila ŋ -umalìs.</span> <i>They all went away at the same time.</i> -Similarly from: <span lang="tl">agàd, alìn, anò, -áraw, bágay, bakìl, baluktòt, barà, -gabì, <span class="lineNum">5</span>gibàʾ, -halòʾ, isà, lahàt, líbo, -liŋgò, loòb, pantày, sáriʾ, -síno, sunòd, tulàʾ, -untìʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(a) The simple root does not occur and the meaning is -discrepant in <span lang="tl">paru-parò</span> -<i>butterfly</i>.</p> -<p class="par">(b) From derived words, in the same meaning: <span lang= -"tl">kaní-kanilà</span> <a id="a224.10" name= -"a224.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>(<span lang= -"tl">ka-n-ilà</span> § <a href="#p528">528</a>), -<span lang="tl">kaní-kaníno</span> (<span lang= -"tl">ka-n-í-no</span> § <a href="#p528">528</a>), -<span lang="tl">dalá-dalawà</span> <i>two by two</i>, -<i>two at a time</i> (<span lang="tl">da-lawà</span> § -<a href="#p345">345</a>), <span lang="tl">tatlu-tatlò</span> -<i>three by three</i>, <i>three at a time</i> (<span lang= -"tl">ta-tlò</span> § <a href="#p345">345</a>).</p> -<p id="p343c" class="par"><a id="a224.13" name="a224.13"></a>(c) With -retraction of accent: <span lang="tl">Dálì-dáli -sya ŋ tumakbò.</span> <i>He ran off like a flash.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>344.</b> (1) D. In -some cases the accent is shifted; the meaning <a id="a224.16" name= -"a224.16"></a>is the same: <span lang="tl">Putòl-putòl -aŋ katawàn ni Hwàn naŋ áki ŋ -màkíta.</span> <i>Juan’s body was all cut up when I -saw it.</i> This form from: <span lang="tl">báhay, báyan, -púnit, sábi, súlok</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.a.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(3)</span> Reduplication.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p345" class="par first"><span class= -"lineNum">20</span><b>345.</b> Simple reduplication. In a very few -cases the place of the root-word is taken by the root with -reduplication. The <a id="a224.22" name="a224.22"></a>only clear case -is <span lang="tl">tutulè</span> <i>ear-wax</i>, root -<span lang="tl">-tulè</span>. The numerals <span lang= -"tl">dalawà</span> <i>two</i> and <span lang= -"tl">tatlò</span> <i>three</i> seem to be irregularly -reduplicated forms of roots <span lang="tl">-lawà</span> and -<span lang="tl">-tlò</span> (for <span lang= -"tl">-talò</span>?), as a few of the derivatives <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>seem to indicate. A number of words, treated in the -following as simple roots, have, however, the aspect of this formation: -<span lang="tl">babáye, <a id="a224.27" name= -"a224.27"></a>bibiŋkà, bubuwìt</span> <i>a kind of -mouse</i>, <span lang="tl">gagambà, laláki, -papáya</span> (Spanish), <span lang="tl">tutubè, -totoò</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>346.</b> Accented reduplication. Accented -reduplication is used <span class="lineNum">30</span>chiefly in -transient forms (§ <a href="#p348">348</a>); distinct from this -use seems to be that of numerals, in the meaning of <i>only so -many</i>: <span lang="tl">àápat, <a id="a224.32" name= -"a224.32"></a>íilàn, íisà</span>; similarly -<span lang="tl">dá-dalawà</span> <i>only two</i> (from -<span lang="tl">da-lawà</span>) <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e37013" title="Not in source">(</span>§ <a href= -"#p345">345</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">mámayàʾ, -mámyàʾ</span> seems to be felt as a simple root-word -and has been treated as such.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.a.4"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="lineNum">35</span><span class= -"divNum">(4)</span> <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p347" class="par first"><b>347.</b> Of the two prefixes round -which primary forms are grouped (§ <a href="#p340">340</a>), -<span lang="tl">pag-</span> is used only for abstracts of action -(§§ <a href="#p348">348</a>. 350. 351); with <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-</span> are formed words denoting <i>the thing used for -doing so and so</i>, or <i>as such and such</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Nawalàʾ aŋ kanyà ŋ <a id="a224.40" -name="a224.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>paŋakálaʾ.</span> <i>His power of -thought left him.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -paŋatìp</span> <i>that used <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb225" href="#pb225" name="pb225">225</a>]</span><a id="a225.1" name= -"a225.1"></a>for roofing</i>, <i>a shingle</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Magpapútol ka, Pédro, naŋ maŋa -kawáya <a id="a225.2" name="a225.2"></a>ŋ -paŋbákod.</span> <i>Have some bamboo cut for a fence, -Pedro.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ paŋbambò</span> <a id= -"a225.3" name="a225.3"></a><i>a stick or club used for beating</i>. -<span lang="tl">paŋbayò</span> <i>instrument for <a id= -"a225.4" name="a225.4"></a>pounding rice</i>, <i>pestle</i>. -<span lang="tl">paŋdilìg</span> <i>implements used for -sprinkling</i>. <a id="a225.5" name="a225.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">paŋgápas</span> <i>a -slicer</i>, <i>a curved knife with saw-toothed edge</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ginámit <a id="a225.6" name="a225.6"></a>nya ŋ -paŋgupìt na guntìŋ sa damìt ay -mapuròl.</span> <i>The scissors he used for cutting cloth were -dull</i>; also simply: <span lang="tl">aŋ -paŋgupìt</span> <i>scissors</i>, <a id="a225.8" name= -"a225.8"></a><i>shears</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -paŋhampàs</span> <i>a whip</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -ginawà ŋ paŋháraŋ sa <a id="a225.9" name= -"a225.9"></a>daàn naŋ maŋa tulisàn ay isa -ŋ gibà ŋ karitòn.</span> <i>The robbers used -<span class="lineNum">10</span>a broken-down wagon to make the -obstruction on the road.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a225.11" -name="a225.11"></a>laséta ŋ itò ay -paŋháteʾ naŋ dáyap.</span> <i>This knife -is used for cutting <a id="a225.12" name="a225.12"></a>limes.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ paŋlípaʾ</span> <i>the sticky -mud used for smoothing the threshing-floor</i>. <a id="a225.13" name= -"a225.13"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ paŋagínip</span> <i>a -dream</i>. <span lang="tl">pamitìk</span> <i>a single rein</i> -(one guides <a id="a225.14" name="a225.14"></a>the animal by flicking -it in various ways, cf. <span lang="tl">pitìk</span> <i>a -fillip</i>, <i>a flick</i>, <a id="a225.15" name= -"a225.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><i>a snap</i>). -<span lang="tl">pamatày</span> in <span lang= -"tl">pamatay-kúto</span> <i>thumb</i>, literally: <i>that with -<a id="a225.16" name="a225.16"></a>which one kills head-lice</i> -(<span lang="tl">kúto</span>). <span lang="tl">Pamútol -naŋ buhòk aŋ guntìŋ na itò.</span> -<i>These shears are used for cutting hair.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -salawàl na <a id="a225.18" name="a225.18"></a>yitò y sya -kò ŋ paŋsakày sa kabáyo.</span> <i>These -are my trousers for <a id="a225.19" name= -"a225.19"></a>horseback-riding.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -pintò ŋ may paŋsarà na gámit ay <a id= -"a225.20" name="a225.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>sumásara ŋ kúsaʾ.</span> -<i>Doors that have closing attachments close <a id="a225.21" name= -"a225.21"></a>themselves automatically.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -panáliʾ</span> <i>a halter or rope for tying <a id= -"a225.22" name="a225.22"></a>up an animal</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kulilìŋ na ytò y sya kù ŋ panáwag -naŋ alílaʾ.</span> <i>This bell is what I use for -calling the servants</i>; also: <span lang="tl">paŋtáwag. -<a id="a225.24" name="a225.24"></a>Aŋ paŋtayò naŋ -halíge ay hindí dumatiŋ.</span> <i>The instruments -for <a id="a225.25" name="a225.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>setting up posts</i> (i. e. <i>the cranes</i>) -<i>did not arrive</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ kalaykày <a id= -"a225.26" name="a225.26"></a>ay sya kò ŋ ginámit na -paŋtípon naŋ maŋa bunòt na -damò.</span> <i>I <a id="a225.27" name="a225.27"></a>used the -rake for piling up the uprooted grass.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -panúroʾ</span> <i>a <a id="a225.28" name= -"a225.28"></a>pointer</i>, <i>anything used for pointing</i>. -<span lang="tl">Sya y may salawàl na paŋupò sa -damúhan at gayon dìn máy-roon syà ŋ -paŋupò sa sùgálan.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">30</span><i>He has trousers for sitting on the lawn and -others for when he sits at the gaming-table.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly from, the following roots: <span lang= -"tl">áhit, ákoʾ, alaála, anàk, -bilì, bilmìt, daláŋin, gamòt, -hilámos, húli, ísip, ŋalán, -páloʾ, pukpòk, sáboŋ, takìp, -tanìm, tiwálaʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p347a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>(a) This -derivative from numerals denotes <i>a thing used to <a id="a225.36" -name="a225.36"></a>fill such and such a place</i>: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ paŋápat</span> <i>that used as fourth</i>, as: -<a id="a225.37" name="a225.37"></a><i>the fourth horse in a team</i>; -of similar meaning: <span lang="tl">paŋlimà</span> -<i>fifth</i>, <a id="a225.38" name="a225.38"></a><span lang= -"tl">paŋánim</span> <i>sixth</i>, <span lang= -"tl">pamitò</span> <i>seventh</i>, <span lang= -"tl">paŋwalò</span> <i>eighth</i>, <span lang= -"tl">paŋsiyàm</span> <i>ninth</i>. <a id="a225.39" name= -"a225.39"></a>From the ordinal (§ <a href="#p416a">416,a</a>) is -formed <span lang="tl">paŋúna</span> <i>first</i>. From -phrases <a id="a225.40" name="a225.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>the higher numbers: <span lang= -"tl">paŋsa-m-pùʾ</span> <i>the tenth</i> (<span lang= -"tl">sa m pùʾ</span> <i>ten</i>), <span lang= -"tl">paŋlabi-ŋ-isà</span> <a id="a225.41" name= -"a225.41"></a><i>the eleventh</i> (<span lang="tl">labi ŋ -isà</span>), <span lang= -"tl">paŋdalawa-ŋ-pùʾ</span> <i>twentieth</i>, -<a id="a225.42" name="a225.42"></a><span lang= -"tl">pamito-ŋ-pùʾ</span> <i>seventieth</i>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb226" href="#pb226" name= -"pb226">226</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p347b" class="par"><a id="a226.1" name="a226.1"></a>(b) A few -formations show irregularities: <span lang= -"tl">panukálaʾ</span> equivalent to <span lang= -"tl">paŋakálaʾ</span> above, is felt to belong with -<span lang="tl">akálaʾ</span>; cf. the similar <a id= -"a226.3" name="a226.3"></a>insertion of <i>u</i> in <span lang= -"tl">paubáyaʾ</span> (§ <a href="#p481d">481,d</a>); -<span lang="tl">paŋinoòn</span> <i>master</i>, does not -seem to be felt as a derivative of <span lang="tl">ginoò</span> -and has therefore been <span class="lineNum">5</span>treated as a -separate root.</p> -<p class="par"><i>Second</i> and <i>third</i> are derived from the -reduplicated form <a id="a226.7" name="a226.7"></a>(§ <a href= -"#p345">345</a>) and show phonetic irregularity: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ paŋalawà</span> <i>the second</i>; <a id= -"a226.8" name="a226.8"></a><i>one’s second in a duel</i>; -<span lang="tl">paŋatlò</span> <i>third</i>, <i>third horse -in a gun-carriage</i>; <a id="a226.9" name="a226.9"></a>similarly -<span lang="tl">paŋatlo-ŋ-pùʾ</span> <i>the -thirtieth</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a226.10" name="a226.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>(c) From root with accent shift (§ <a href= -"#p337">337</a>) only <span lang="tl">paŋhulè</span> <i>the -last</i> (of an established series).</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">B.</span> Transients, abstracts, -and special static words.</h6> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(1)</span> Active with -<span lang="tl">-um-</span> and abstract with <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p348" class="par first"><b>348.</b> Of the active forms of the -primary groups, that of the <span class="lineNum">15</span>type with -prefix zero expresses <i>the actor in a simple action or process</i>. -Both of the punctual forms, actual and contingent, are made with infix -<span lang="tl">-um-</span>; the actual durative consists of the root -reduplicated, with infix <span lang="tl">-um-</span>; the contingent -durative is reduplicated, but lacks the infix; the reduplication is in -both cases accented. <span class="lineNum">20</span>The abstract of -action consists of the root with prefix <span lang="tl">pag-</span>. -Thus the forms are: <span lang="tl">p-um-útol, -p-um-ù-pútol, p-um-útol, pù-pútol, -pag-pútol</span>. Examples:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a226.23" name="a226.23"></a><span lang= -"tl">Umabaŋ kà naŋ maglalakò naŋ -gátas.</span> <i>Watch for a milkman.</i> <a id="a226.24" name= -"a226.24"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y umágaw naŋ maŋa -laruwàn.</span> <i>He snatched some toys.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sya <a id="a226.25" name="a226.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>y umáhon sa ílog (sa bundòk, sa -gulòd).</span> <i>He went up the river <a id="a226.26" name= -"a226.26"></a>(up into the mountains, up the hill).</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pumútol ka, Hwàn, naŋ <a id="a226.27" name= -"a226.27"></a>búhoʾ, pagáhon mo sa -bundòk.</span> <i>When you go up into the mountains, <a id= -"a226.28" name="a226.28"></a>Juan, cut some slender bamboo.</i> -<span lang="tl">Umámin sila Pédro sa harapàn -naŋ hukòm.</span> <i>Pedro and his band confessed before -the judge.</i> <a id="a226.30" name="a226.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">umámot</span> <i>sold, of -other than a regular merchant</i>. <span lang="tl">Umánib ka kay -Pédro.</span> <i>Let your mat overlap Pedro’s</i>, i. e. -<i>Sleep next to Pedro</i>. <a id="a226.32" name= -"a226.32"></a><span lang="tl">Umaŋkìn ka naŋ -laruwàn.</span> <i>Take some toys for yourself.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagáyaw <a id="a226.33" name="a226.33"></a>nya -ŋ kumáin naŋ karnè ay sya ŋ -nakabùbúte sa kanyà.</span> <i>His not being -willing to eat meat is what does him good.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -<a id="a226.35" name="a226.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>halíge naŋ báhay ay -bumábaʾ sapagkàt hindí káya naŋ -lúpaʾ aŋ <a id="a226.36" name= -"a226.36"></a>bigàt na kanya ŋ dinádala.</span> -<i>The post of the house sank because <a id="a226.37" name= -"a226.37"></a>the weight it was bearing was too great for the -ground.</i> <span lang="tl">Bàbábag si Hwàn -naŋ kanya ŋ kalaròʾ.</span> <i>Juan will fight -with one of his <a id="a226.39" name="a226.39"></a>playmates.</i> -<span lang="tl">Bumaluktot kà naŋ yantòk.</span> -<i>Bend a piece of rattan.</i> <a id="a226.40" name= -"a226.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span><span lang="tl">Aŋ -áhas ay bumaluktòt.</span> <i>The snake doubled itself -up.</i> <span lang="tl">Bumálot <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb227" href="#pb227" name="pb227">227</a>]</span><a id="a227.1" name= -"a227.1"></a>ka naŋ súman (naŋ sigarìlyo, -naŋ kúmot).</span> <i>Roll up some suman (sticky rice -cooked in banana-leaves; some cigarettes, a blanket).</i> <a id= -"a227.3" name="a227.3"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ pagbása ay -mahírap.</span> <i>Reading is hard.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -bumigtì naŋ <a id="a227.4" name= -"a227.4"></a>táo.</span> <i>He choked a man to death.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagbigtì ay isa ŋ pagpatày -<a id="a227.5" name="a227.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>sa -kápwa táo sa pamamagítan naŋ -pagsakàl.</span> <i>Strangling is killing <a id="a227.6" name= -"a227.6"></a>a person by means of choking.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Bumílog si Hwàn naŋ isa ŋ -turumpò.</span> <a id="a227.7" name="a227.7"></a><i>Juan turned -out (on a lathe) a spinning-top.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Bumíŋit sya sa malaki ŋ -paŋánib.</span> <i>He went (voluntarily) to the brink of a -great danger.</i> <span lang="tl">Bumitìw sa lúbid -aŋ isà sa inyò.</span> <i>One of you let <a id= -"a227.10" name="a227.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>go of the -rope.</i> <span lang="tl">Bumúbukàs aŋ maŋa -bulaklàk sa hàlamanàn.</span> <i>The <a id= -"a227.11" name="a227.11"></a>flowers in the garden are opening.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y bumúnot naŋ damò.</span> <i>He -plucked up some grass.</i> <span lang="tl">Lahàt naŋ -táo sa báya ŋ iyòn ay <a id="a227.13" name= -"a227.13"></a>bumóto sa kandidáto ŋ si -Manikìs.</span> <i>All the people in that town <a id="a227.14" -name="a227.14"></a>voted for the candidate Maniquís.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ halíge ay dumádala naŋ -<a id="a227.15" name="a227.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>tahílan.</span> <i>The post bears up -girders.</i> <span lang="tl">Dumamdàm si Hwàn naŋ -isa ŋ mabigàt na sakìt.</span> <i>Juan felt a severe -pain.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y <a id="a227.17" name= -"a227.17"></a>dumapàʾ.</span> <i>He lay down on his -face.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanità ŋ kwaltà sa -<a id="a227.18" name="a227.18"></a>baŋkò ay -kasalukúya ŋ gumàgána naŋ -buwìs.</span> <i>Your money and <a id="a227.19" name= -"a227.19"></a>mine in the bank is even now earning interest.</i> -<span lang="tl">gumantì</span> <i>act in retaliation</i>. <a id= -"a227.20" name="a227.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span><span lang= -"tl">gumápas</span> <i>cut with the</i> <span lang= -"tl">paŋgápas. Aŋ máy sakìt ay -guminháwa.</span> <a id="a227.21" name="a227.21"></a><i>The -patient became more comfortable</i> <span lang="tl">... ay -gumìginháwa <a id="a227.22" name= -"a227.22"></a>nà</span> ... <i>is getting more comfortable -now</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya y humalìk sa kanya ŋ -nánay.</span> <i>She kissed her mother.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ báta ŋ si <a id="a227.24" name= -"a227.24"></a>Hwàn aŋ humampàs sa anàk ni -Áli ŋ Maryà.</span> <i>It was little Juan <a id= -"a227.25" name="a227.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>who hit -Aunt Maria’s little boy with a whip.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -paghánap</span> <i>a <a id="a227.26" name="a227.26"></a>seeking -(especially of one’s daily bread)</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya y -humáraŋ naŋ maŋa táo ŋ -nagháhatid naŋ kabáyo sa -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl.</span> <i>He held up some people -who were taking horses to the town of San Miguel.</i> <a id="a227.29" -name="a227.29"></a><span lang="tl">Akò ay humátì -naŋ mansánas.</span> <i>I cut an apple in two.</i> -<span lang="tl">Humátì <span class="lineNum">30</span>ako -naŋ maŋa itlòg na binilè ni -Hwána.</span> <i>I took half of the eggs <a id="a227.31" name= -"a227.31"></a>Juana bought.</i> <span lang="tl">Iŋátan mo -aŋ pagháwak sa mákina ŋ iyàn, -sapagkàt baká ka maputúlan naŋ -dalíriʾ na gáya naŋ naŋyári sa -ibà.</span> <i>Be careful how you take hold of that machine, for -you might get <a id="a227.34" name="a227.34"></a><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e37976" title="Source: you">your</span> finger cut off like others -before you.</i> <span lang="tl">Humínà naŋ -pagtakbò <a id="a227.35" name="a227.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>aŋ kabáyo.</span> <i>The horse lost its -speed as a runner.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -paghiŋìʾ</span> <i>a <a id="a227.36" name= -"a227.36"></a>requesting</i>, <i>a request</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Híhiram kamì naŋ librò sa -libreríya.</span> <i>We shall borrow books from the library.</i> -<span lang="tl">humúlaʾ</span> <i>predicted</i>, -<i>prophesied</i>. <a id="a227.38" name="a227.38"></a><span lang= -"tl">umigìb</span> <i>get water by dipping from a well, spring, -or stream</i>. <a id="a227.39" name="a227.39"></a><span lang= -"tl">Akò y umìíhip naŋ píto.</span> -<i>I was blowing the small flute.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Umìíhip <a id="a227.40" name= -"a227.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>aŋ háŋi -ŋ habágat.</span> <i>The spring wind is blowing.</i> -<span lang="tl">Umílag ka.</span> <i>Get <a id="a227.41" name= -"a227.41"></a>out of the way.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanyà -ŋ maŋa pagilàŋ ay lubhà ŋ -makínis.</span> <a id="a227.42" name="a227.42"></a><i>His little -dodges are very clever.</i> <span lang="tl">Umínit aŋ -plànsa.</span> <i>The flatiron <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb228" href="#pb228" name="pb228">228</a>]</span>became hot.</i> -<span lang="tl">Umínit aŋ túbig.</span> <i>The water -got hot.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ paginùm <a id="a228.2" -name="a228.2"></a>naŋ álak ay masamàʾ.</span> -<i>Drinking liquor is harmful.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y uminùm -<a id="a228.3" name="a228.3"></a>naŋ gátas.</span> <i>He -drank some milk.</i> <span lang="tl">Umísip ka, Nánay, -naŋ <a id="a228.4" name="a228.4"></a>isa ŋ -kwènto.</span> <i>Try to think of a story, Mother.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagísip naŋ <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>bugtòŋ na itò ay -mahírap.</span> <i>This riddle is hard to solve.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ kanyà <a id="a228.6" name="a228.6"></a>ŋ -pagiyàk</span> <i>her weeping</i>. <span lang= -"tl">kumabiyàw</span> <i>press sugar-cane</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Kumaluskòs sa súlok aŋ -dagàʾ.</span> <i>The rat pattered in the corner</i>, i. e. -<i>I heard <a id="a228.8" name="a228.8"></a>the pattering of a rat in -the corner</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ íbon ay -kumákantà.</span> <i>The <a id="a228.9" name= -"a228.9"></a>bird is singing.</i> <span lang="tl">Kumapá si -Hwàn naŋ itlòg sa púgad naŋ -manòk.</span> <a id="a228.10" name="a228.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span><i>Juan felt out some eggs in the hen’s -nest.</i> <span lang="tl">Kumákapá sya naŋ <a id= -"a228.11" name="a228.11"></a>isa ŋ palakàʾ.</span> -<i>He felt around for a frog.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y kumáyas -naŋ isa ŋ kawáyan.</span> <i>He smoothed a stick of -bamboo.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ <a id="a228.13" name= -"a228.13"></a>kumuròt ŋayòn!</span> <i>Don’t -pinch now!</i> <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay -lumabàs.</span> <i>Pedro <a id="a228.14" name="a228.14"></a>went -out.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ áso y -lumàlámon.</span> <i>The dog is feeding.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Si Pédro <span class="lineNum">15</span>ay -lumàlámon at hindí kumàkáin.</span> -<i>Pedro is eating like an animal, <a id="a228.16" name= -"a228.16"></a>not like a human being.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Lumáyag si Manuwèl sa Amérika.</span> -<i>Manuel <a id="a228.17" name="a228.17"></a>sailed</i> (i. e. -<i>voyaged</i>) <i>to America</i> (<span lang="tl">aŋ -láyag</span> <i>a sail</i>). <span lang="tl">Aŋ -bantay-pálay <a id="a228.18" name="a228.18"></a>ay -lumáyas.</span> <i>The watchman of the rice-field left his -post.</i> <span lang="tl">Isa ŋ sundálo ay lumáyas -sa ínit naŋ paglalabanàn.</span> <i>A soldier <a id= -"a228.20" name="a228.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>deserted in -the heat of the battle.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -lumíbot.</span> <i>He went <a id="a228.21" name= -"a228.21"></a>for a walk.</i> <span lang="tl">Magpútol ka, -Pédro, naŋ maŋa kúgon, úpaŋ -lumínis aŋ búkid.</span> <i>Cut the cugon-grass, -Pedro, so that the field may become <a id="a228.23" name= -"a228.23"></a>clear.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay -lumípat sa iba ŋ báyan.</span> <i>Pedro moved <a id= -"a228.24" name="a228.24"></a>to another town.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Lumuhod kà, Hwán.</span> <i>Kneel down, Juan.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si <a id="a228.25" name="a228.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Hwàn ay lumuhòd sa haràp -naŋ háreʾ.</span> <i>Juan knelt down before <a id= -"a228.26" name="a228.26"></a>the king.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -ŋumíŋitìʾ.</span> <i>She is smiling.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pumagítan sya sa dalawà ŋ -dalága.</span> <i>He placed himself between two young -ladies.</i> <a id="a228.28" name="a228.28"></a><span lang= -"tl">Akò y pumána naŋ usà.</span> <i>I shot -an arrow at a stag</i> (<span lang="tl">pánaʾ</span> <i>an -arrow</i>). <a id="a228.29" name="a228.29"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pumánaw aŋ kanya ŋ hiniŋà.</span> -<i>His breath departed</i>, i. e. <a id="a228.30" name= -"a228.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><i>He gave up the -ghost</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn aŋ pumáso sa -áki ŋ kulugò.</span> <i>It <a id="a228.31" name= -"a228.31"></a>was Juan who burned out my wart for me.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Huwàg kà ŋ pumatìd naŋ -sampáyan!</span> <i>Don’t you break the clothes-line!</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay sya ŋ pumáyag sa -paraà ŋ itò.</span> <i>It was Juan who agreed to -this <a id="a228.34" name="a228.34"></a>plan.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -pumàpáyag.</span> <i>He is willing.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pumíli akò naŋ malakì <a id="a228.35" -name="a228.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>ŋ -mansánas.</span> <i>I chose a big apple.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pumìpílit sya ŋ magbukàs naŋ <a id= -"a228.36" name="a228.36"></a>kabà ŋ bákal.</span> -<i>He was trying hard to open an iron safe.</i> (But <a id="a228.37" -name="a228.37"></a>punctual: <span lang="tl">Pumílit sya -...</span> <i>He forced open</i>...). <span lang= -"tl">pumitìk</span> <i>give <a id="a228.38" name="a228.38"></a>a -fillip</i>, <i>snap at with one’s finger</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya -y pumúpukpòk naŋ bunòt <a id="a228.39" name= -"a228.39"></a>naŋ nyòg.</span> <i>He is pounding cocoanut -husks.</i> <span lang="tl">Pumùpútol naŋ -kawáyan <a id="a228.40" name="a228.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>si Mariyáno.</span> <i>Mariano is cutting -bamboo.</i> <span lang="tl">Pùpútol ...</span> <a id= -"a228.41" name="a228.41"></a><i>will cut</i>.... <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ sumàsábuy na túbig ay -naŋgàgáliŋ sa bubuŋàn naŋ -báhay.</span> <i>The water that was splashing on us came from -the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb229" href="#pb229" name= -"pb229">229</a>]</span><a id="a229.1" name="a229.1"></a>roof of the -house.</i> <span lang="tl">sumagásaʾ</span> <i>jostle</i>. -<span lang="tl">sumaguwàn</span> <i>paddle</i>. <span lang= -"tl">sumáhod</span> <a id="a229.2" name="a229.2"></a><i>put -something under to catch what flows or falls</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya y -sumásakay sa baŋkaʾ naŋ akò y -dumatìŋ.</span> <i>He was getting into the canoe <a id= -"a229.4" name="a229.4"></a>when I arrived.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sumála siyà sa siŋsìŋ.</span> <i>He -missed the ring</i> (in <span class="lineNum">5</span>the <i lang= -"es">juego de anillo</i>, in which one tries to catch a ring on a -stick). <a id="a229.6" name="a229.6"></a><span lang= -"tl">sumálok</span> <i>dip out water</i> (<span lang= -"tl">aŋ sálok</span> <i>a dipper</i>, <i>a basket for -catching fruit when it is cut from the tree</i>; <i>a net for catching -insects</i>). <a id="a229.8" name="a229.8"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y -sumandòk naŋ sináiŋ.</span> <i>She dipped out -some boiled rice.</i> <span lang="tl">Sumánib <a id="a229.9" -name="a229.9"></a>ka kay Pédro,</span> (same meaning as -<span lang="tl">umánib</span> above). <span lang= -"tl">Sumíkad aŋ <a id="a229.10" name= -"a229.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>kabáyo.</span> -<i>The horse struck out, gave a kick.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sumikìp aŋ daàn sa karamíhan naŋ -táo.</span> <i>The road became crowded with the multitude of -people.</i> <span lang="tl">Sumikìp aŋ damìt.</span> -<i>The garment shrank and became <a id="a229.13" name= -"a229.13"></a>tight.</i> <span lang="tl">Sumiksìk si Hwàn -sa púloŋ naŋ maŋa táo.</span> <i>Juan -crowded <a id="a229.14" name="a229.14"></a>his way into the gathering -of people.</i> <span lang="tl">Sumilakbò aŋ apòy -(aŋ <span class="lineNum">15</span>kanya ŋ gálit, -aŋ kanya ŋ tuwàʾ).</span> <i>The fire (his anger, -his joy) <a id="a229.16" name="a229.16"></a>welled up.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagsintà ni Pédro ay hindí -tinaŋgàp naŋ dalága.</span> <i>The young lady -did not accept Pedro’s proffer of love.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Siyà aŋ <a id="a229.18" name= -"a229.18"></a>sumuklày sa kanya ŋ anàk.</span> <i>It -was she herself who combed her <a id="a229.19" name= -"a229.19"></a>child’s hair</i> (<span lang="tl">aŋ -suklày</span> <i>a comb</i>). <span lang= -"tl">sumúlid</span> <i>spin thread</i>. <span lang= -"tl">sumúloŋ</span> <span class="lineNum">20</span><i>push -ahead</i>, <i>progress</i>; also as family name: <span lang= -"tl">Sumúloŋ</span>. <span lang="tl">Si Pédro <a id= -"a229.21" name="a229.21"></a>ay sumundòʾ naŋ -páreʾ.</span> <i>Pedro fetched a priest.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí sya nagkapálad <a id="a229.22" name= -"a229.22"></a>sa pagsundò naŋ médiko.</span> <i>He -did not succeed in fetching <a id="a229.23" name="a229.23"></a>a -doctor.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagsuntok nyà ay tumakbo -kà.</span> <i>When he strikes you, <a id="a229.24" name= -"a229.24"></a>run</i> (<span lang="tl">suntòk</span> <i>a blow -on the head</i>). <span lang="tl">Sya y -sumúsutsòt.</span> <i>He is whistling.</i> <a id= -"a229.25" name="a229.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ báta y tumahímik.</span> <i>The boy quieted -down.</i> <span lang="tl">Tumátahòl <a id="a229.26" name= -"a229.26"></a>aŋ áso.</span> <i>The dog was barking.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y tumámà sa -hwétiŋ.</span> <i>He won <a id="a229.27" name= -"a229.27"></a>in the lottery.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tumátandá siyà.</span> <i>He is getting -old.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y tumánod sa báhay sa -boò ŋ magdamàg.</span> <i>He guarded the house all -night.</i> <a id="a229.29" name="a229.29"></a><span lang= -"tl">Tumanùŋ akò kay Hwàn.</span> <i>I asked -Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Tumanùŋ akò naŋ -<a id="a229.30" name="a229.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>kwàlta kay Hwàn.</span> <i>I asked -Juan for money.</i> <span lang="tl">tumaŋhàʾ</span> -<i>wonder</i>. <a id="a229.31" name="a229.31"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y -tumátaŋòʾ.</span> <i>He is willing</i>, <i>He -assents</i>. <span lang="tl">Tumàtáwa siyà.</span> -<i>He is laughing.</i> <span lang="tl">Ikàw aŋ -tumáwag kay Hwàn.</span> <i>Do you call Juan.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nárinig ko aŋ iyò ŋ -pagtáwag sa ákin.</span> <i>I heard you calling me.</i> -<a id="a229.34" name="a229.34"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y -tumayòʾ.</span> <i>He stood up.</i> <span lang= -"tl">tumibàʾ</span> <i>cut bananas off the tree</i>. <a id= -"a229.35" name="a229.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><span lang= -"tl">tumilàd</span> <i>cut wood small along the grain</i>, -<i>shave off</i>, <i>cut into small <a id="a229.36" name= -"a229.36"></a>parts</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya y tumimbá naŋ -túbig.</span> <i>He drew water with a bucket.</i> <a id= -"a229.37" name="a229.37"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ -pagtiŋìn</span> <i>the act of looking at something</i>, -<i>observation</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagtipìd sa -kwaltà ay ginágawa naŋ marámi.</span> <i>Many -people practise <a id="a229.39" name="a229.39"></a>economy in the -matter of money.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagtípon sa -maŋa káhoy <span class="lineNum">40</span>kuŋ -tagulàn ay mahírap, sapagkàt -mapútik.</span> <i>It is hard to collect <a id="a229.41" name= -"a229.41"></a>logs in the rainy season, on account of the mud.</i> -<span lang="tl">Tumirà si Hwàn <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb230" href="#pb230" name="pb230">230</a>]</span>na -isa ŋ taòn sa báya-ŋ-Balíwag.</span> -<i>Juan lived one year in the town <a id="a230.2" name="a230.2"></a>of -Baliuag.</i> <span lang="tl">tumukàʾ</span> <i>pick with -the beak</i> (<span lang="tl">tukàʾ</span> <i>the beak of a -fowl</i>). <a id="a230.3" name="a230.3"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y -tumúlak sa isinùsúloŋ na kahò ŋ -bákal<span class="corr" id="xd21e38864" title= -"Not in source">.</span></span> <i>He pushed</i> (i. e. <i>took part in -pushing</i>) <i>at the iron safe they were moving</i>. Also: -<span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">Sya y -tumúlak.</span> <i>He “shoved off”</i>, i. e. <i>He -went away</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay tumúlog sa -báhay ni Pédro.</span> <i>Juan went and slept in -Pedro’s <a id="a230.7" name="a230.7"></a>house.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ pagtúlog ay mabábaw.</span> -<i>His sleep is light.</i> <a id="a230.8" name="a230.8"></a><span lang= -"tl">Tumúŋo sya sa -báya-ŋ-Balíwag.</span> <i>He went toward -Baliuag.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a230.9" name= -"a230.9"></a>pagubrà naŋ maŋa barìl na -ytò sa pamamarìl naŋ kalabàw-ramò -<span class="lineNum">10</span>ay hindí -pinakamabúte.</span> <i>These guns are not the best for shooting -<a id="a230.11" name="a230.11"></a>wild <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e38928" title="Source: caribou">carabao</span>.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Umubrà aŋ ininùm nya ŋ -purgà.</span> <i>The purge he <a id="a230.12" name= -"a230.12"></a>drank took effect.</i> <span lang="tl">Umubrà sa -kakanàn aŋ kanya ŋ ginawà ŋ -lamésa.</span> <i>The table he made was suitable for the -dining-room.</i> <span lang="tl">Umubrà <a id="a230.14" name= -"a230.14"></a>ŋ nagámit aŋ tornìlyo ŋ -bákal sa lugàr naŋ tansò.</span> <i>It was -possible <a id="a230.15" name="a230.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>to use the iron screw instead of the copper.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y umupòʾ.</span> <a id="a230.16" name= -"a230.16"></a><i>He sat down.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagupòʾ sa háŋin ay isa ŋ mahírap -na parúsa.</span> <i>“Sitting on the air” (standing -in sitting position with the forefingers <a id="a230.18" name= -"a230.18"></a>pointing up) is a hard punishment.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Umùúruŋ aŋ trèn.</span> <a id= -"a230.19" name="a230.19"></a><i>The train is backing.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Umútaŋ ka naŋ salapì kay -Pédro.</span> <i>Borrow <span class="lineNum">20</span>some -money from Pedro.</i> <span lang="tl">Umuwé si -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan went home</i>, <a id="a230.21" name= -"a230.21"></a><span lang="tl">Yumáyà si Hwàn -naŋ kanya ŋ maŋà kaybígan.</span> <i>Juan -invited <a id="a230.22" name="a230.22"></a>some of his friends.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ pagyáyaʾ</span> <i>the -invitation</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Other roots occurring in these forms (and roots -occurring above out of their alphabetical order): <span lang= -"tl">abála, ágos, ákay, akiyàt, -<span class="lineNum">25</span>alìs, ása, áyon, -bábaw, bahàʾ, balìk, bílaŋ, -bilì, búhat, bútas, daìŋ, dála, -dalàs, dálaw, dalò, dámi, dápit, -dápoʾ, daràs, datìŋ, dilìm, -dúkit, dumì, doòn, galàw, gámit, -gamòt, gápaŋ, gastà, gawàʾ, -gúlaŋ, gupìt, gustò, hábaʾ, -hábol, hágod, hakbàŋ, háŋoʾ, -haràp, hátak, higàʾ, híla, -hilìŋ, hiŋà, húkay, húli, -húni, íbig, kagàt, káin, <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>kalabòg, kápit, katàm, -kibòʾ, kilála, kílos, kinìg, -kíta, kúha, kulòŋ, kuwènta, -lában, lagánap, lagpàk, lákad, -lakàs, lakì, lamìg, lampàs, -laŋòy, lápit, lígaw, lindòl, -lipàd, litàw, liwánag, lubòg, -lúhaʾ, luksò, luwàs, nákaw, -ŋiyàw, panhìk, pasàn, pások, -patày, páwis, píhit, pitàs, pukòl, -púri, putòk, sagòt, sakàl, sákop, -salákay, sáma, <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>saŋgà, sápit, sarà, -sayàw, sigàw, síkat, silìd, -sípaʾ, sísid, subò, súgat, -súlat, sumpòŋ, sunòd, suwày, -súyoʾ, tabàʾ, tagàʾ, takbò, -tálik, talòn, tanàw, taŋlàw, -taráto, tawìd, tíbay, tiktìk, -tikuwàs, túboʾ, tugtòg, tuktòk, -túloŋ, tuŋtòŋ, tupàd, ulàn, -ulìʾ, untìʾ, úpa, -yáman</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a230.39" name="a230.39"></a>(a) <span lang= -"tl">Kumusta kà?</span> <i>How d’you do?</i> may be felt -to belong here.<a class="noteref" id="xd21e39070src" href="#xd21e39070" -name="xd21e39070src">7</a></p> -<p id="p348b" class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>(b) An -irregular inflection in which variation of the initial <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb231" href="#pb231" name= -"pb231">231</a>]</span>consonant takes the place of the infix is known -to Mr. Santiago from <a id="a231.2" name="a231.2"></a>a few traditional -phrases: <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ matày</span> -(for: <span lang="tl">pumatày</span>) <span lang="tl">naŋ -kápwa táo.</span> <i>Thou shalt not kill.</i></p> -<p id="p348c" class="par">(c) Forms with accent shift owe this feature -to the root <a id="a231.5" name="a231.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>(§ <a href="#p337">337</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Umabòt ka naŋ isa ŋ mansánas.</span> -<i>Help yourself to an <a id="a231.6" name="a231.6"></a>apple.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ sumunòd na silakbò naŋ -lagablàb ay siya ŋ umabòt sa <a id="a231.7" name= -"a231.7"></a>bubuŋàn.</span> <i>The next leap of the flame -reached the roof.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagabùt naŋ -búŋa ŋ itò ay mahírap.</span> <i>This -fruit is hard to reach.</i> <span lang="tl">Nárinig <a id= -"a231.9" name="a231.9"></a>ko syà sa kanya ŋ pagayàw -sa sinábe ni Hwàn.</span> <i>I heard him <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>disagree with what Juan had said.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagálit akò sa kanya ŋ pagayàw sa -lamésa.</span> <i>I was angered at his leaving the table.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Pédro <a id="a231.12" name="a231.12"></a>ay -umayàw na.</span> <i>Pedro has left the table.</i> Similarly -from <span lang="tl">bábaʾ</span> and <span lang= -"tl">sákit</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a231.14" name="a231.14"></a>(d) From a phrase: -<span lang="tl">Hindí marúnoŋ -gumanti-ŋ-pálaʾ si <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan does not know how to -make return for kindness</i> (<span lang="tl">gantì ŋ -pálaʾ</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a231.17" name="a231.17"></a>(e) From derived -words: <span lang="tl">tumagílid, pagtagílid</span> -(<span lang="tl">ta-gílid</span> <a id="a231.18" name= -"a231.18"></a>§ <a href="#p523">523</a>); <span lang= -"tl">tumalíkod, pagtalíkod</span> (<span lang= -"tl">ta-líkod</span> § <a href="#p523">523</a>). See also -§§ <a href="#p404">404</a>. 488.</p> -<p id="p349" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>349.</b> The -doubled root with the same formation is used of actions aimlessly -repeated at intervals. <span lang="tl">Nátinik syà sa -kanya ŋ <a id="a231.22" name= -"a231.22"></a>pagtakbò-takbò sa bakúran.</span> -<i>In his constant running about the <a id="a231.23" name= -"a231.23"></a>yard, he got a splinter into his foot.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tumàtáwa-táwa si Hwàn -hábaŋ <a id="a231.24" name= -"a231.24"></a>nagbíbigkàs naŋ talumpáte si -Pédro.</span> <i>Juan kept laughing at <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>intervals while Pedro was making his speech.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay tumàtáwa-táwa -naŋ sya y hampasìn ni Pédro.</span> <i>When Juan -kept laughing every little while, Pedro finally struck him with the -whip.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a231.28" name="a231.28"></a>(a) From a root with -accent shift (§ <a href="#p337">337</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Tumátawa-tawà si Hwàn twì ŋ -ákin sya ŋ màmasdàn hábaŋ -nagbíbigkas naŋ talumpáte <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>si Pédro.</span> <i>Juan kept snickering -every time I happened to look at him while Pedro was delivering his -oration.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(2)</span> Active with -<span lang="tl">mag-</span> and abstract with <span lang= -"tl">pag-r.</span></h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p350" class="par first"><b>350.</b> Many roots form their active -with the prefix <span lang="tl">mag-</span> for the contingent, -<span lang="tl">nag-</span> for the actual mode; the durative is -reduplicated <span class="lineNum">35</span>before the prefix is added. -The corresponding abstract of action has unaccented reduplication and -prefix <span lang="tl">pag-</span>. Thus: <span lang= -"tl">nagpútol, nag-pù-pútol, mag-pútol, -mag-pù-pútol, pag-pu-pútol</span>. These actives -express, generally, a more deliberate action than those with -<span lang="tl">-um-</span>; often also one involving more effect on -external objects than <span class="lineNum">40</span>do those with -<span lang="tl">-um-</span>. We take up first those roots from which -forms with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> do not occur in our -material:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a231.42" name="a231.42"></a><span lang= -"tl">Akò y nagáantòk.</span> <i>I am sleepy.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ lúsoŋ kay Hwàn sa -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb232" href="#pb232" name= -"pb232">232</a>]</span><a id="a232.1" name="a232.1"></a>kanya ŋ -pagaaráro ay nagsidatiŋ nà.</span> <i>The helpers -for Juan in his <a id="a232.2" name="a232.2"></a>plowing have -arrived</i> (<span lang="tl">aŋ aráro</span> <i>a -plow</i>). <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay -magàasáwa.</span> <i>Pedro is going to take a wife.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay magàasáwa kay -Hwána.</span> <a id="a232.4" name="a232.4"></a><i>Pedro is going -to marry Juana.</i> <span lang="tl">Silà y -nagàáway.</span> <i>They are fighting.</i> <a id="a232.5" -name="a232.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang= -"tl">magbáhay</span> <i>build a house</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Akò y nagbastà naŋ áki ŋ -damìt.</span> <a id="a232.6" name="a232.6"></a><i>I packed up my -clothes.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nagbáyad naŋ -kanyà ŋ maŋa <a id="a232.7" name= -"a232.7"></a>útaŋ.</span> <i>He paid off his debts.</i> -<span lang="tl">magbayò</span> <i>pound rice in a mortar</i>. -<a id="a232.8" name="a232.8"></a><span lang="tl">magbigàs</span> -<i>hull rice</i> (i. e. <i>make</i> <span lang= -"tl">bigàs</span>, <i>hulled rice</i>, <i>out of</i> <span lang= -"tl">pálay</span>, <i>rice in the grain</i>). <span lang= -"tl">Sya y nagbigày naŋ librò sa ákin.</span> -<i>He gave me <a id="a232.10" name="a232.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>some books.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagbíhis kanína ŋ umága.</span> <i>She put on -her <a id="a232.11" name="a232.11"></a>good clothes this morning.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagbibiyábo ay isa ŋ ugáli -naŋ maŋa Intsèk.</span> <i>Swinging the feet when -sitting is a habit of the <a id="a232.13" name= -"a232.13"></a>Chinese.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagbiyày si -Hwàn naŋ isdàʾ sa kanya ŋ -palàisdáan.</span> <a id="a232.14" name= -"a232.14"></a><i>Juan put some fish into his fishpond.</i> <span lang= -"tl">magbuhòl</span> <i>tie a knot</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Nagbwàl <span class="lineNum">15</span>sila naŋ isa -ŋ púno-ŋ-káhoy.</span> <i>They felled a -tree.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ ságiŋ <a id="a232.16" -name="a232.16"></a>ay nagdàdáhon.</span> <i>The -banana-tree is putting out leaves.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -paghahásaʾ <a id="a232.17" name="a232.17"></a>naŋ -paŋáhit ay mahírap.</span> <i>Sharpening razors is -difficult.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nagháhatìd naŋ -maŋa laráwan sa simbáhan.</span> <i>He is delivering -<a id="a232.19" name="a232.19"></a>images to the church.</i> -<span lang="tl">Maghubad kà naŋ damìt.</span> -<i>Take off your <span class="lineNum">20</span>clothes.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y naghùhúgas naŋ -piŋgàn.</span> <i>She is washing dishes.</i> <a id= -"a232.21" name="a232.21"></a><span lang="tl">Naghuŋkòy -sya.</span> <i>He fanned rice.</i> <span lang= -"tl">magíhaw</span> <i>roast</i> (<i>something</i>). <a id= -"a232.22" name="a232.22"></a><span lang="tl">Nagkamìt sya -naŋ marámi ŋ túboʾ.</span> <i>He obtained -much profit.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya <a id="a232.23" name= -"a232.23"></a>y nagkúkuble.</span> <i>He is in hiding.</i> -<span lang="tl">maglakòʾ</span> <i>peddle</i> -(<i>something</i>). <a id="a232.24" name="a232.24"></a><span lang= -"tl">Maglálarú na siyà.</span> <i>He is going to -play after all.</i> <span lang="tl">Naglarú na <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>akò.</span> <i>I have played enough now.</i> -<span lang="tl">Naglálaro silà.</span> <i>They are -playing.</i> <a id="a232.26" name="a232.26"></a><span lang= -"tl">Naglawìt akò naŋ lúbid sa -bintánaʾ.</span> <i>I hung a rope out of <a id="a232.27" -name="a232.27"></a>the window.</i> <span lang= -"tl">maglúgaw</span> <i>prepare rice-broth</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Naglùlúto siyà naŋ <a id="a232.28" name= -"a232.28"></a>gúlay.</span> <i>She is cooking vegetables.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y magpápasyàl.</span> <i>He is <a id= -"a232.29" name="a232.29"></a>going to take a walk.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagpùpúnas sya naŋ sahìg.</span> <i>He -is scrubbing <a id="a232.30" name="a232.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>floors.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagpúyat -akò kagabì.</span> <i>I staid up last night.</i> -<span lang="tl">magsáiŋ</span> <a id="a232.31" name= -"a232.31"></a><i>cook rice dry</i> (<i>with little water</i>). -<span lang="tl">Nagsampày sya naŋ damìt.</span> -<a id="a232.32" name="a232.32"></a><i>She hung out some clothes.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y nagtábon naŋ isa ŋ -húkay.</span> <i>He <a id="a232.33" name="a232.33"></a>dammed up -a ditch.</i> <span lang="tl">Magtahàn ka naŋ -paglalaròʾ.</span> <i>Stop playing.</i> <a id="a232.34" -name="a232.34"></a><span lang="tl">Naŋ nárinig nya -iyòn ay malakì aŋ kanya ŋ nagìŋ -pagtatakà.</span> <a id="a232.35" name= -"a232.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><i>When he heard this, his -surprise was great.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nagtálì -naŋ <a id="a232.36" name="a232.36"></a>bábuy sa -halíge.</span> <i>He tied a pig to the post.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magtúrù ka naŋ wíka ŋ -Kapampáŋan sa iyo ŋ pàaralàn.</span> -<i>Teach the Pampanga language <a id="a232.38" name="a232.38"></a>in -your school.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagtùtúroʾ.</span> <i>He is teaching.</i> -<span lang="tl">Támà <a id="a232.39" name= -"a232.39"></a>aŋ kanya ŋ pagtutwìd.</span> <i>His -reckoning is correct.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagusísaʾ.</span> <span class="lineNum">40</span><i>He made -inquiry.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nagusísa naŋ -marámi ŋ bágay.</span> <a id="a232.41" name= -"a232.41"></a><i>He inquired into many things.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí ba akò nagútos sa iyò ŋ -<a id="a232.42" name="a232.42"></a>gumawá itò?</span> -<i>Didn’t I order you to do this?</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagwawalá naŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb233" href= -"#pb233" name="pb233">233</a>]</span><a id="a233.1" name= -"a233.1"></a>maŋà bíhag ay -pinarùrusáhan naŋ kamàtáyan.</span> -<i>The escaping of <a id="a233.2" name="a233.2"></a>captives is -punished with death.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagwáwalìs.</span> <i>She is sweeping.</i></p> -<p class="par">Other roots so used: <span lang="tl">akálaʾ, -alaskuwátro, alsà, aluwáge, aniyòʾ, -<span class="lineNum">5</span>áriʾ, balítaʾ, -bantày, báŋon, bátis, baòn, -bigkàs, bendisiyòn, biniyàg, bintàŋ, -bunòʾ, búŋa, daàn, -dalamhátiʾ, dasàl, dáos, dáyaʾ, -díwaŋ, dugòʾ, dúsa, rosáriyo, -hágis, handàʾ, háriʾ, hátol, -hinálaʾ, <a id="a233.8" name="a233.8"></a>hintày, -hintòʾ, hírap, hiwalày, íŋat, -kasàl, kúlaŋ, kumpisàl, kurùs, -kuwènto, lasìŋ, libàŋ, -libìŋ, ligtàs, limòs, litsòn, -liwalìw, lubày, lublòb, <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>mahàl, máno, masìd, -milágro, mísa, mulàʾ, -niŋnìŋ, pasiyènsiya, paséyo, -sábi, sábog, sáboŋ, sadiyàʾ, -salitàʾ, sánay, silbè, simbà, -sísi, siyásat, súboʾ, sugàl, -sumbòŋ, sundálo, tabáko, tadtàd, -tágoʾ, tálo, talumpátiʾ, tamò, -taniyàg, taŋày, taŋgòl, tígil, -tindìg, trabáho, túlin, túlos, -umpisà, úsap, wíkaʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p351" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>351.</b> -When a root is used both with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> and -<span lang="tl">mag-</span>, the latter <a id="a233.16" name= -"a233.16"></a>form usually differs by adding another object affected -(<span lang="tl">dumalà</span> <a id="a233.17" name= -"a233.17"></a><i>bear</i>, <i>bear up</i>: <span lang= -"tl">magdalà</span> <i>carry to someone</i>, <i>to a place</i>; -<span lang="tl">bumalìk</span> <i>go <a id="a233.18" name= -"a233.18"></a>back</i>; <span lang="tl">magbalìk</span> -<i>return to a place</i>, <i>to someone</i>); in some instances the -added object is the actor himself (reflexive); in others the -<span class="lineNum">20</span><span lang="tl">mag-</span> form -expresses a general activity, that with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> a -specific act (so, in part, <span lang="tl">pútol</span>). -Examples:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a233.22" name="a233.22"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y -nagàáral.</span> <i>He is studying</i> (<span lang= -"tl">umáral</span> is known as an archaic word for <i>teach -morals</i>, <i>instruct</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ áral</span> -<i>that taught</i>, <i>precept</i>, <a id="a233.24" name= -"a233.24"></a><i>moral doctrine</i>). <span lang="tl">Magbaluktot -kà naŋ yantòk.</span> <i>Curve some <a id="a233.25" -name="a233.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>pieces of rattan</i> -(<span lang="tl">bumaluktòt</span>, § <a href= -"#p348">348</a>, intransitive or of a single <a id="a233.26" name= -"a233.26"></a>specific transitive action). <span lang= -"tl">Magbálot ka naŋ súman, naŋ -sigarìlyo.</span> <a id="a233.27" name="a233.27"></a><i>Roll up -some suman, some cigarettes</i> (more general than <span lang= -"tl">-um-</span>); <span lang="tl">Magbálot ka naŋ -kúmot.</span> <i>Wrap yourself up in a blanket</i> (cf. -<span lang="tl">-um-</span>, <a id="a233.29" name="a233.29"></a>§ -<a href="#p348">348</a>). <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay -nagbigtì.</span> <i>Juan hanged himself</i>; <span lang= -"tl">aŋ pagbibigtì</span> <a id="a233.30" name= -"a233.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><i>suicide by hanging</i>. -<span lang="tl">Nagbilè si Hwána naŋ marámi -ŋ sombréro.</span> <a id="a233.31" name= -"a233.31"></a><i>Juana sold many hats.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagbíbile si Hwána naŋ sombréro.</span> -<a id="a233.32" name="a233.32"></a><i>Juana is selling hats</i> -(<span lang="tl">bumilì</span> <i>buy</i>). <span lang="tl">Siya -y nagdádala naŋ túbig sa kabáyo.</span> <i>He -is bringing water to the horse.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -bátaʾ ay nagdádala <a id="a233.34" name= -"a233.34"></a>naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>The boy is bringing -wood.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ magdamdàm <a id= -"a233.35" name="a233.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>sa -hindí ko pagkatupàd naŋ áki ŋ -paŋákoʾ, sapagkàt iyò <a id="a233.36" -name="a233.36"></a>y hindí ko sinadyàʾ.</span> -<i>Don’t feel bad about my not having fulfilled <a id="a233.37" -name="a233.37"></a>my promise, for I did not do it intentionally</i> -(<span lang="tl">dumamdàm</span> <i>feel <a id="a233.38" name= -"a233.38"></a>something</i>). <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay -naghampàs noò ŋ Byerne-sànto ŋ -nagdaàn.</span> <a id="a233.39" name="a233.39"></a><i>Juan -performed flagellation last Good Friday.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Maghánap <span class="lineNum">40</span>kayò -naŋ inyo ŋ ikabùbúhay.</span> <i>Go and find a -living for yourselves.</i> <a id="a233.41" name= -"a233.41"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y nagháraŋ naŋ -púno-ŋ-káhoy sa daàn.</span> <i>He blocked -the road <a id="a233.42" name="a233.42"></a>with a tree.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ paghaháraŋ sa daàn ay -báwal.</span> <i>It is forbidden <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb234" href="#pb234" name="pb234">234</a>]</span><a id="a234.1" name= -"a234.1"></a>to make obstructions on the roads.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naghátì ako naŋ maŋa -buŋa-ŋ-káhoy sa maŋa bátaʾ.</span> -<i>I distributed fruits among the children</i>; <a id="a234.3" name= -"a234.3"></a><span lang="tl">... naŋ damò sa maŋa -kabáyo</span> ... <i>grass to the horses</i>. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ paghaháti naŋ maŋa -búŋa-ŋ-káhoy sa maŋa -bátaʾ</span> <i>the distribution of <a id="a234.5" name= -"a234.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>fruits to the children</i>. -<span lang="tl">Naghínà sya naŋ pagtuktòk sa -pintòʾ.</span> <i>He <a id="a234.6" name="a234.6"></a>made -his knocking at the door gentle.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagìínit naŋ gátas.</span> <a id="a234.7" -name="a234.7"></a><i>She is heating some milk.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magísip ka.</span> <i>Bethink yourself</i>, <i>Be -reasonable</i>. <a id="a234.8" name="a234.8"></a><span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn ay nagísip na nakáwan si Pédro.</span> -<i>Juan planned <a id="a234.9" name="a234.9"></a>to rob Pedro.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ pagiísip ay matálas -(mahínaʾ).</span> <i>His <a id="a234.10" name= -"a234.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>thinking-power is acute -(weak).</i> <span lang="tl">Silà y nagkàmáyan -naŋ magkíta.</span> <a id="a234.11" name= -"a234.11"></a><i>They shook hands when they met.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Maglabas kà naŋ maŋa <a id="a234.12" name= -"a234.12"></a>sìlya.</span> <i>Bring out some chairs.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ paglalákad</span> <i>the drawing of -something <a id="a234.13" name="a234.13"></a>on foot</i>; <span lang= -"tl">Naglákad aŋ maŋa estudyànte naŋ -isà ŋ karósa.</span> <a id="a234.14" name= -"a234.14"></a><i>The students drew a float.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -naglíbot naŋ isa ŋ bandílaʾ.</span> <i>He -<span class="lineNum">15</span>walked about bearing a flag.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y naglìlínis naŋ -mésa.</span> <i>He cleans tables.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagnanákaw ay isa ŋ kasalána ŋ -mabigàt.</span> <i>Thievery <a id="a234.17" name= -"a234.17"></a>is a serious offense</i> (<span lang= -"tl">numákaw</span> <i>of a single theft</i>). <span lang= -"tl">Nagpìpílit sya ŋ magbukàs naŋ kaba -ŋ bákal.</span> <i>He tries (often) to force open <a id= -"a234.19" name="a234.19"></a>safes.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pagpupútol ni Hwàn naŋ búhoʾ ay -pumaroòn ka t tulúŋan <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>mo syà.</span> <i>When Juan cuts bamboo</i> -(as an occupation throughout a <a id="a234.21" name= -"a234.21"></a>longer period of time), <i>go along and help him</i>. -<span lang="tl">Magpùpútol kamì <a id="a234.22" -name="a234.22"></a>naŋ maŋa kawáya ŋ -gàgamítin sa pagtatayò naŋ -báhay.</span> <i>We shall <a id="a234.23" name="a234.23"></a>cut -bamboo for use in building houses.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magpùpútol akò naŋ kukò.</span> -<a id="a234.24" name="a234.24"></a><i>I am going to cut my -fingernails</i> (reflexive). <span lang="tl">Nagpútol naŋ -buhòk <a id="a234.25" name="a234.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>aŋ Intsèk na si Yàp.</span> -<i>The Chinaman Yap cut his queue.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagsakày -sya sa kanya ŋ baŋkà naŋ dalawa ŋ -estudyànte.</span> <i>He took two <a id="a234.27" name= -"a234.27"></a>students into his canoe.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagsikìp aŋ daàn.</span> <i>The road grew -crowded</i> (apparently equal to <span lang="tl">-um-</span>, but -cannot be used of a garment). <a id="a234.29" name= -"a234.29"></a><span lang="tl">Nagsísiksik si Hwàn -naŋ bigàs sa sáko.</span> <i>Juan was stuffing -<a id="a234.30" name="a234.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>rice -into the sack.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nagsuklày.</span> -<i>She combed her hair.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a234.31" -name="a234.31"></a>pagtatahòl naŋ áso ŋ -itò sa maŋa nagdàdàánan ay -masamà ŋ ugáleʾ.</span> <i>This dog’s way -of barking at passers-by is a bad habit.</i> <a id="a234.33" name= -"a234.33"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ Kastílaʾ ay -nagtátanòŋ.</span> <i>The Spaniard was asking -questions.</i> <a id="a234.34" name="a234.34"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nagtanùŋ akò kay Hwàn kuŋ -saàn aŋ daàn.</span> <i>I asked Juan where -<span class="lineNum">35</span>the road was</i> (<span lang= -"tl">mag-</span> with indirect questions or questions implied). <a id= -"a234.36" name="a234.36"></a><span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay -syà ŋ nagtáwag naŋ bágo ŋ -léyi.</span> <i>It was Juan who <a id="a234.37" name= -"a234.37"></a>announced (as town crier) the new law.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagtatáwag ni Hwàn ay hindí -márinig naŋ karamíhan dahilàn sa -mahínà nya ŋ tinìg.</span> <i>Juan’s -announcement was not audible to the majority, owing to <a id="a234.40" -name="a234.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>his weak voice.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y nagtayó naŋ bágu ŋ -báhay.</span> <i>He built a new <a id="a234.41" name= -"a234.41"></a>house.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagtatayó -naŋ maŋa báhay díto ay lubhà ŋ -mahalagà.</span> <a id="a234.42" name="a234.42"></a><i>The -building of houses here is very expensive.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagtikwàs si Pédro <a id="a234.43" name= -"a234.43"></a>naŋ maŋa suléras naŋ -báhay.</span> <i>Pedro put some of the joists <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb235" href="#pb235" name= -"pb235">235</a>]</span><a id="a235.1" name="a235.1"></a>of the house -out of level.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagtitipìd naŋ -kwàlta ay ginágawá <a id="a235.2" name= -"a235.2"></a>naŋ maráme.</span> <i>Many people save -money.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagtipìd si Hwàn sa <a id= -"a235.3" name="a235.3"></a>kanya ŋ pananamìt<span class= -"corr" id="xd21e40410" title="Not in source">.</span></span> <i>Juan -was saving of his clothing.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagtitípon <a id="a235.4" name="a235.4"></a>naŋ maŋa -àrmas ay báwal.</span> <i>Storing up arms is -forbidden.</i> <a id="a235.5" name="a235.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">Magtípun ka naŋ -káhoy.</span> <i>Store up some wood.</i> <span lang="tl">Sila y -nagtípon naŋ káhoy sa likòd naŋ kanila -ŋ báhay.</span> <i>They stored up wood in the rear of their -house.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagtípon siya naŋ -manèʾ sa isa ŋ súlok naŋ bakúran. -<i>He kept a pile of peanuts in a corner of his yard.</i> <a id= -"a235.9" name="a235.9"></a>Sya y nagtúlak naŋ -isinùsúloŋ na kahò ŋ -bákal.</span> <i>He did the shoving <a id="a235.10" name= -"a235.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>of the iron chest that was -being moved</i> (<span lang="tl">-um-</span> <i>shoved at</i>, <i>took -<a id="a235.11" name="a235.11"></a>part in the shoving</i>). -<span lang="tl">Magúubra aŋ karitò ŋ itò -sa mahírap na <a id="a235.12" name= -"a235.12"></a>daàn.</span> <i>This wagon will be suitable for -difficult roads.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagupó sya naŋ -maŋa báta sa baŋkòʾ.</span> <i>He seated -some children on the bench.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>Similarly: <span lang= -"tl">balìk, bukàs, kantà, sáboy, -sáma, sarà, sayàw, takbò, talòn, -tánod, tirà, yáyaʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p352" class="par"><b>352.</b> Transients with <span lang= -"tl">mag-</span> are much used with derived words; in so far as these -belong to secondary groups, they will be treated below; see -§§ <a href="#p384">384</a>. <a href="#p405">405</a>. <a href= -"#p410">410</a>. <a href="#p427a">427,a</a>. <a href= -"#p430a">430,a.b.c</a>. <a href="#p453a">453,a</a>. <a href= -"#p489">489</a>. <span class="lineNum">20</span><a href= -"#p489a">489,a</a>. <a href="#p513">513</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a235.21" name="a235.21"></a>(a) From phrases: -<span lang="tl">Nagmàmadali-ŋ-áraw.</span> <i>The -day is dawning</i> (<span lang="tl">madalì ŋ -áraw</span> <i>proximate day</i>, i. e. <i>dawn</i>, -<i>daybreak</i>), <span lang= -"tl">nagmèmè-áriʾ</span> <i>is -possessing</i>, <i>has mastery of</i> (<span lang="tl">may -áriʾ</span> <i>owner</i>, <i>master</i>). <a id="a235.24" -name="a235.24"></a><span lang= -"tl">naghàháti-ŋ-gabì<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e40593" title="Not in source">.</span></span> <i>It is -midnight</i> (<span lang="tl">háti ŋ gabì</span> -<i>midnight</i>). <span lang="tl">pagtatatlo-ŋ-gabì</span> -<span class="lineNum">25</span><i>the three nights’ -celebration</i> (<span lang="tl">tatlò ŋ -gabì</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a235.26" name="a235.26"></a>(b) From compound -words: <span lang="tl">pagbibigày-loòb -(bigày-loòb)</span>; <a id="a235.27" name= -"a235.27"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ maghampas-lúpaʾ ay -nakasìsíraʾ naŋ púri.</span> <i>Being a -vagabond is dishonorable</i> (<span lang= -"tl">hampàs-lúpaʾ</span>); <span lang= -"tl">maghàhánap-búhay</span> (<span lang= -"tl">hánap-búhay</span>).</p> -<p id="p352c" class="par"><a id="a235.30" name= -"a235.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>(c) From derived words: -Transients with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> from the contingent of -transients with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> express insistent and -prolonged <a id="a235.32" name="a235.32"></a>action: <span lang= -"tl">Káhit na walá sya ŋ talíno ay -nagpùpumílit sya ŋ màtúto.</span> -<i>Although he has no gifts, he is trying very hard to get <a id= -"a235.34" name="a235.34"></a>educated.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagpùpumílit na pumaroòn sa pìknik.</span> -<i>He is <span class="lineNum">35</span>trying hard to be able to go to -the picnic</i> (<span lang="tl">pumílit</span>). Similarly, -<span lang="tl">nagtùtumirà</span> (<span lang= -"tl">tumirà</span>).</p> -<p class="par">From words with prefix <span lang="tl">ma-</span> -(§ <a href="#p454">454</a>) in the sense of making <a id="a235.38" -name="a235.38"></a>something or making (claiming) oneself to have a -quality: <span lang="tl">Magmámadalì <a id="a235.39" -name="a235.39"></a>táyo naŋ paglákad, -úpaŋ hwàg táyo ŋ máhuli sa -trèn.</span> <span class="lineNum">40</span><i>We will hurry our -pace, so as not to be late for the train</i> (<span lang= -"tl">madalìʾ</span>). <a id="a235.41" name= -"a235.41"></a><span lang="tl">Nagmámaligsì si -Kulàs sa pagsunòd sa maŋa útos sa -kanyà.</span> <i>Nicolás is quick about obeying the -orders that are given <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb236" href= -"#pb236" name="pb236">236</a>]</span><a id="a236.1" name= -"a236.1"></a>him</i> (<span lang="tl">maligsì</span>). -<span lang="tl">Nagmalwàt sya naŋ pagparíto.</span> -<i>He took a long <a id="a236.2" name="a236.2"></a>time coming -here.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ magmaluwàt -naŋ pagparíto.</span> <i>Don’t take too long about -coming here</i> (<span lang="tl">maluwàt</span>). Similarly, -<span lang="tl">pagmamarúnoŋ</span> (<span lang= -"tl">marúnoŋ</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a236.5" name="a236.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>From various words: <span lang="tl">Sila y -naghimagsìk.</span> <i>They came to an <a id="a236.6" name= -"a236.6"></a>armed conflict</i> (<span lang= -"tl">-himagsìk</span> § <a href="#p518">518</a>). -<span lang="tl">Si Hwána ay naghíhimatày.</span> -<a id="a236.7" name="a236.7"></a><i>Juana is fainting</i> (<span lang= -"tl">himatày</span>). <span lang="tl">Si Hwána ay -nagkàkakanìn.</span> <i>Juana makes sweetmeats (for -sale)</i> (<span lang="tl">kakanìn</span>, § <a href= -"#p367e">367,e</a>). <span lang="tl">Sya y nagkalatimbà naŋ -marámi.</span> <i>He did the well-bucket exercise many times</i> -<span class="lineNum">10</span>(<span lang= -"tl">kala-timbàʾ</span>, § <a href= -"#p519">519</a>).</p> -<p id="p352d" class="par">(d) Especially common are transients with -<span lang="tl">mag-</span> from special static words with suffix -<span lang="tl">-an</span>; they express mutual or concerted action by -two or more actors.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a236.14" name="a236.14"></a>From the forms in -<span lang="tl">S -an</span> (§ <a href="#p377">377</a>): -<span lang="tl">Nagàlísan aŋ maŋà -aluwáge <span class="lineNum">15</span>no ŋ lúnes -nan hápon.</span> <i>The carpenters all left last Monday <a id= -"a236.16" name="a236.16"></a>afternoon</i> (<span lang= -"tl">àlís-an</span>). <span lang= -"tl">Naglàlàbásan silà.</span> <i>They were -all going out.</i> <a id="a236.17" name="a236.17"></a><span lang= -"tl">Silà y nagpìtásan naŋ maŋa -biyábas.</span> <i>They all picked guavas together.</i> <a id= -"a236.18" name="a236.18"></a><span lang= -"tl">Magsìsìgáwan múna táyo -bágo tapúsin aŋ mítiŋ.</span> <i>We will -all give a yell together before we close the meeting.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ maŋa áso <span class="lineNum">20</span>sa -báya ŋ itò ay nagtàhúlan -kagabì.</span> <i>The dogs in this town all barked last -night.</i> Similarly, from: <span lang="tl">baŋkàʾ, -bastà, daàn, hukòm, iyàk, kamày, -kantà, salitàʾ, takbò, tampò, -taniyàg, tipàn, tugtòg, <a id="a236.23" name= -"a236.23"></a>uwìʾ</span>. The form in <span lang="tl">S --an</span> is itself from a derived word in: <span lang= -"tl">Naghìmagsíkan aŋ maŋà -sundálo ŋ Tagálog at Kastílaʾ.</span> -<i>The Tagalog <span class="lineNum">25</span>and Spanish soldiers -fought each other</i> (<span lang="tl">hìmagsíkan</span> -from <span lang="tl">-himagsìk</span>, § <a href= -"#p518">518</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a236.27" name="a236.27"></a>From the forms in -<span lang="tl">S (1) -an</span> (§ <a href="#p378">378</a>): -<span lang="tl">Nagààwítan silà naŋ -akò y dumatìŋ.</span> <i>They were singing in chorus -when I arrived.</i> <a id="a236.29" name="a236.29"></a><span lang= -"tl">Magìbígan kayò.</span> <i>Love one -another.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagììbígan si -Pédro at si <span class="lineNum">30</span>Hwána.</span> -<i>Pedro and Juana love each other.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -ginawá nya ŋ <a id="a236.31" name= -"a236.31"></a>pagmumùráhan naŋ kanyà ŋ -maŋà kalákal ay dahilàn sa kanya <a id= -"a236.32" name="a236.32"></a>ŋ paŋaŋailáŋan -naŋ kwàlta.</span> <i>His putting down the prices of his -goods was due to his need of money.</i> Similarly: <span lang= -"tl">hákot, káin</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a236.34" name="a236.34"></a>From forms in -<span lang="tl">(2) -an</span> (§ <a href="#p379">379</a>): -<span lang="tl">Hwag kayò ŋ magmurahàn <a id= -"a236.35" name="a236.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>sa -daàn.</span> <i>Don’t abuse each other on the street.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagmùmurahàn <a id="a236.36" name= -"a236.36"></a>silà.</span> <i>They were engaged in an abusive -quarrel.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kàgalítan ni <a id= -"a236.37" name="a236.37"></a>Pétra at ni Kulása ay -natápus sa hàyága ŋ -pagmumurahàn.</span> <i>The hostility between Petra and Nicolasa -ended in an abusive quarrel <a id="a236.39" name="a236.39"></a>in -public.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagpurihàn aŋ dalawa ŋ -magkaybígan sa kanila ŋ pagtatalumpáteʾ.</span> -<span class="lineNum">40</span><i>The two friends praised each other in -their speeches.</i> <a id="a236.41" name="a236.41"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nagpùpurihàn aŋ maŋa kaybíga ŋ -itò sa pàhayágan.</span> <i>This group of friends -praise each other in the newspapers.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Hwána at si <a id="a236.43" name="a236.43"></a>Maryà ay -nagputulàn naŋ kukò.</span> <i>Juana and Maria cut -their fingernails.</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb237" href= -"#pb237" name="pb237">237</a>]</span><a id="a237.1" name= -"a237.1"></a><span lang="tl">Silà y -nagsàgasaàn.</span> <i>They all jostled one another.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagsasàgasaàn <a id="a237.2" -name="a237.2"></a>naŋ maŋa táo ay lubhà ŋ -magulò.</span> <i>The jostling of all <a id="a237.3" name= -"a237.3"></a>the people was most confused.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagsugatàn silà.</span> <i>They inflicted <a id= -"a237.4" name="a237.4"></a>wounds on one another.</i> <span lang= -"tl">magtaanàn</span> <i>flee</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kanila ŋ pagtutuluŋàn <a id="a237.5" name= -"a237.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>ay hindí -nátulòy.</span> <i>Their plan to help each other was not -carried out.</i> Similarly: <span lang="tl">ágaw, -balítaʾ, dáhil, hánap, haráŋ, -lában</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a237.7" name="a237.7"></a>From diminutives in -<span lang="tl">D -an</span> (§ <a href="#p381">381</a>): -<span lang="tl">Magàaswaŋ-aswáŋan <a id= -"a237.8" name="a237.8"></a>daw si Pédro sa -karnabàl.</span> <i>Pedro says he will dress up as a bogey-man -<a id="a237.9" name="a237.9"></a>for the carnival.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hwag kà ŋ -magaswàŋ-aswáŋan.</span> <i>Don’t <a id= -"a237.10" name="a237.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>play -bogey-man.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagmanòk-manúkan si -Hwàn sa karnabàl.</span> <i>Juan <a id="a237.11" name= -"a237.11"></a>masqueraded as a rooster at the carnival.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Silà y -nagùuŋgú-uŋgúan.</span> <a id="a237.12" -name="a237.12"></a><i>They are playing at being monkeys.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagusà-usáhan siyà.</span> <i>He -pretended he was a deer.</i> So also: <span lang= -"tl">dapàʾ</span>. From (1) <a id="a237.14" name= -"a237.14"></a><span lang="tl">D -an</span>: <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagbabá-babayíhan.</span> <i>He went dressed as a -woman.</i> <span class="lineNum">15</span>So also from <span lang= -"tl">tákot</span>.</p> -<p id="p353" class="par"><b>353.</b> Transients with accent shift and -<span lang="tl">mag-</span> may owe the <a id="a237.17" name= -"a237.17"></a>shift to the root; so from <span lang= -"tl">ábot</span> (§ <a href="#p337">337</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Nagáabòt si Hwàn naŋ sigarìlyo sa -kanya ŋ maŋa kaybígan.</span> <i>Juan is passing -cigarettes <a id="a237.19" name="a237.19"></a>to his friends.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagaabòt naŋ sigarìlyo ay -isa ŋ ugáli ŋ magálaŋ.</span> <a id= -"a237.20" name="a237.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span><i>Passing -cigarettes is a polite custom</i> (<span lang= -"tl">umabòt</span>, § <a href="#p348c">348,c</a>, does not -involve a person to whom). So also <span lang= -"tl">múra</span>.</p> -<p class="par">In the great majority of instances, however, the accent -shift is not peculiar to the root, but constitutes a special formation, -which expresses a more plentiful and diverse action than the transient -<a id="a237.25" name="a237.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>with -<span lang="tl">-um-</span> or simple <span lang="tl">mag-</span>. -<span lang="tl">Silà y nagbábabàg.</span> <i>They -are <a id="a237.26" name="a237.26"></a>fighting each other.</i> -<span lang="tl">Magbarú ka.</span> <i>Get dressed</i>, <i>Put on -your <a id="a237.27" name="a237.27"></a>clothes</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Sya y nagbunòt naŋ damò.</span> <i>He plucked -up a lot of grass.</i> <a id="a237.28" name="a237.28"></a><span lang= -"tl">Maghanàp kayò naŋ maŋa bulaklàk sa -páraŋ.</span> <i>Go and look for <a id="a237.29" name= -"a237.29"></a>flowers in the woods.</i> <span lang="tl">Pabayaàn -nawá ninyò na sya y maghanàp.</span> <a id= -"a237.30" name="a237.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><i>Please -allow him to make an inspection.</i> <span lang="tl">Naghatí ako -naŋ maŋa <a id="a237.31" name="a237.31"></a>itlòg na -pinatigasàn ni Hwána.</span> <i>I halved a quantity of -eggs which <a id="a237.32" name="a237.32"></a>Juana had -hard-boiled.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ paghahatè naŋ -maŋa mansánas</span> <i>the <a id="a237.33" name= -"a237.33"></a>halving of the apples</i>. <span lang="tl">Magisip -kà naŋ maŋa lugàr na maàári -ŋ <a id="a237.34" name="a237.34"></a>kinaiwánan mo naŋ -iyò ŋ librò.</span> <i>Think of the various places -where <span class="lineNum">35</span>you may have left your book.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay nagíisip naŋ maŋa -<a id="a237.36" name="a237.36"></a>iháhandá nya sa -fiyèsta.</span> <i>Juan is thinking of what <span class="corr" -id="xd21e41325" title="Source: thigns">things</span> he will <a id= -"a237.37" name="a237.37"></a>serve at the fiesta.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hwag kà ŋ magputòl naŋ abakà, -Hwàn.</span> <i>Don’t <a id="a237.38" name= -"a237.38"></a>cut up any hemp, Juan.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magpúputol kamì naŋ búhoʾ, -yantòk, at <a id="a237.39" name="a237.39"></a>bayúgin, -pagdatìŋ námin doòn.</span> <i>We shall cut -slender bamboo, rattan, <a id="a237.40" name="a237.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>and thick bamboo when we get there.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagputòl si Hwàn naŋ <a id="a237.41" name= -"a237.41"></a>tubò sa pinások nya ŋ -tubúhan.</span> <i>Juan cut down a lot of sugar-cane <a id= -"a237.42" name="a237.42"></a>in the cane-field he got into.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagpúputol naŋ kawáyan na -hindí nya árì si Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan cuts -down bamboo that does not <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb238" href= -"#pb238" name="pb238">238</a>]</span><a id="a238.1" name= -"a238.1"></a>belong to him.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagpuyàt -akò sa maŋa gabì ŋ nagdaàn.</span> <i>I -have <a id="a238.2" name="a238.2"></a>repeatedly staid up late the last -few nights.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko màputúlan -<a id="a238.3" name="a238.3"></a>naŋ tahìd aŋ -kátyaw, sapagkàt itò y -nagsísikàd.</span> <i>I couldn’t cut the -rooster’s spur, because it kept struggling with its feet.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y <a id="a238.5" name="a238.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>nagsísinuŋalìŋ.</span> <i>He -is telling lies.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagsusulàt nya naŋ -maŋa súlat <a id="a238.6" name="a238.6"></a>ay -pumaroòn ka t linísin mo aŋ kanyà ŋ -aralàn.</span> <i>While he is <a id="a238.7" name= -"a238.7"></a>writing all his letters, go and clean his study.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ paŋinoò y nagtawàg naŋ -maŋa alílaʾ.</span> <i>The master called various -servants.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagtátawag <a id="a238.9" name= -"a238.9"></a>syà naŋ maŋa kitèʾ, naŋ -ákin sya ŋ datnàn sa bakúran.</span> <a id= -"a238.10" name="a238.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span><i>She was -calling to a lot of little chicks when I came upon her in <a id= -"a238.11" name="a238.11"></a>the yard.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagtatawag nyà sa maŋa kitèʾ at aŋ -maŋa pùtákan naŋ maŋa manòk ay -nakabíbiŋì.</span> <i>Her constant calling to the -chicks and the clucking of all the hens made a deafening noise.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ báta <a id="a238.14" name= -"a238.14"></a>y nagtúturó naŋ kanyà ŋ -gustò.</span> <i>The child points at the various <a id="a238.15" -name="a238.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>things it wants.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ magutàŋ.</span> -<i>Don’t go about asking for credit.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -magutàŋ sa marámi ŋ tindáhan ay -hindí maínam na ugáleʾ.</span> <i>Buying on -credit in many shops is a bad habit.</i> Similarly from: <span lang= -"tl">bálot, íŋay, lákad, láyag, -líbot, tágoʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p353a" class="par">(a) When transients with <span lang= -"tl">mag-</span> are made from derived words, <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>the accent of the underlying word is occasionally -shifted, apparently <a id="a238.21" name="a238.21"></a>without change -of meaning: <span lang="tl">Sya y nagmayabàŋ.</span> <i>He -boasted</i> <a id="a238.22" name="a238.22"></a>(<span lang= -"tl">mayábaŋ</span>, § <a href="#p454">454</a>). -Similarly: <span lang="tl">magkákalahatèʾ</span> -(<span lang="tl">kalahátiʾ</span> § <a href= -"#p519">519</a>).</p> -<p id="p353b" class="par">(b) In one such case there is not only accent -shift, but also secondary accent on the first syllable of the -underlying word: <span lang="tl">Sya <a id="a238.25" name= -"a238.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>y nagmápuri.</span> -<i>He praised himself.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagmàmàpurì.</span> <i>He is <a id="a238.26" name= -"a238.26"></a>praising himself.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagmamápuri ay hindí magandà ŋ -ugáliʾ.</span> <i>Praising oneself is not a becoming -habit</i> (<span lang="tl">ma-púri</span>, § <a href= -"#p454">454</a>).</p> -<p id="p354" class="par"><b>354.</b> The corresponding form from -oxytone roots is made with unaccented reduplication of the underlying -word: <span lang="tl">mag-si-sigàw, <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>mag-si-si-sigàw, nag-si-sigàw, -nag-sí-si-sigàw</span>; the abstract, however, lacks the -extra reduplication, coinciding with that of §§ <a href= -"#p350">350</a>. <a href="#p351">351</a>: <span lang= -"tl">pag-si-sigàw</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a238.33" name="a238.33"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y -naggugupìt naŋ maŋa papèl.</span> <i>He cut -some pieces of <a id="a238.34" name="a238.34"></a>paper into bits.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y naggúgugupìt naŋ maŋa -papèl.</span> <i>He is cutting <span class="lineNum">35</span>up -some pieces of paper.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ báta ŋ si -Hwàn, kuŋ walà ŋ <a id="a238.36" name= -"a238.36"></a>mágawaʾ, ay sya ŋ -nagháhahampàs sa maŋa -púnu-ŋ-ságiŋ.</span> <i>It is little Juan who -goes whipping at the banana-trees when he can’t <a id="a238.38" -name="a238.38"></a>find anything to do.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag -kà ŋ magpupukòl naŋ batò, -sapagkàt <a id="a238.39" name="a238.39"></a>baká mo -tamáan aŋ bintána ŋ salamìn.</span> -<i>Don’t be always throwing <a id="a238.40" name= -"a238.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>stones; you might break a -window.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagpúpuputàk aŋ -inahì ŋ manòk <a id="a238.41" name="a238.41"></a>na -nása kuluŋàn.</span> <i>The hen in the crate keeps -up a constant <a id="a238.42" name="a238.42"></a>cackling.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ilágan mo aŋ dumáratiŋ na -kabáyo na nagtátatakbò.</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb239" href="#pb239" name= -"pb239">239</a>]</span><i>Look out for the horse that’s coming -there; it’s a run-away.</i> <a id="a239.2" name= -"a239.2"></a><span lang="tl">Nagúuupú sya sa -damò.</span> <i>He always sits on the grass.</i> So also: -<span lang="tl">dugòʾ, inòm, lundàg, -sigàw, tagpòʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(a) In one instance a barytone root has this -reduplication <a id="a239.5" name="a239.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>with explicit plural meaning: <span lang= -"tl">magkikíta</span> <i>see one another</i>, <i>meet</i> (of -more than two people, cf. <span lang="tl">magkíta</span>).</p> -<p id="p355" class="par"><b>355.</b> Accent shift and reduplication of -the root appear in barytone roots in the same sense as accent-shift -alone, with perhaps <a id="a239.9" name="a239.9"></a>a somewhat greater -intensity of the action: <span lang="tl">Nagpúpuputòl -<a id="a239.10" name="a239.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>naŋ retáso aŋ -bátaʾ.</span> <i>The child was cutting some rags into small -<a id="a239.11" name="a239.11"></a>bits.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kátyaw ay nagsísisikàd.</span> <i>The rooster kept -struggling <a id="a239.12" name="a239.12"></a>with its legs.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y nagtátatawàg naŋ maŋa -kitèʾ.</span> <i>She kept calling to the chickens.</i></p> -<p id="p356" class="par"><b>356.</b> With doubling of the root, -transients in <span lang="tl">mag-</span> express <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>either action repeated at intervals or reciprocal -action of explicitly <a id="a239.16" name="a239.16"></a>more than two -actors: <span lang="tl">Nagisà-isà aŋ maŋa -bátaʾ naŋ paglápit sa ákin.</span> -<i>The children came to me one by one.</i> So from: <span lang= -"tl">duklày, hiwalày, úlit</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a239.19" name="a239.19"></a>(a) In one instance -the root has accent shift: <span lang="tl">Naguna-unà -<span class="lineNum">20</span>aŋ maŋa bátaʾ -naŋ paglápit sa ákin.</span> <i>The children vied -with each other for the first place in coming to me.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(3)</span> Active with -<span lang="tl">maŋ-</span> and abstract with <span lang= -"tl">paŋ- r</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p357" class="par first"><b>357.</b> The active with <span lang= -"tl">maŋ-</span> has the forms: <span lang="tl">ma-mútol, -ma-mù-mútol, na-mútol, na-mù-mútol, -pa-mu-mútol</span> (from <span lang="tl">pútol</span>); -it expresses <span class="lineNum">25</span>action more deliberate, -selective, or in larger quantity (professional, habitual) than -<span lang="tl">mag-</span>; like the latter, but more clearly, it is -used for the making or using of such and such an object. Examples:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a239.29" name="a239.29"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y -naŋabála sa ámin.</span> <i>He made trouble for -us.</i> <span lang="tl">Naŋano <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>kà naŋ iyo ŋ maŋa -kalaròʾ?</span> <i>What did you do to your playmates?</i> -<a id="a239.31" name="a239.31"></a><span lang="tl">Naŋáyap -lámaŋ aŋ bátaʾ.</span> <i>The child ate -only relishes.</i> <a id="a239.32" name="a239.32"></a><span lang= -"tl">Sya y naŋbábambo naŋ áso.</span> <i>He is -a caning a dog.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -pamamaŋkàʾ</span> <a id="a239.33" name= -"a239.33"></a><i><span class="corr" id="xd21e41840" title= -"Source: canoing">canoeing</span></i>. <span lang="tl">Namilì -akò sa báya-ŋ-Malólos.</span> <i>I shopped in -<a id="a239.34" name="a239.34"></a>Malolos.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -naŋdídilig naŋ karsáda.</span> <i>He sprinkles -streets.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a239.35" name= -"a239.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>paŋdidilìg</span> -<i>street-sprinkling</i> (<i>as vocation</i>). <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kasalatàn nina Hwàn sa pananamìt ay -naŋgálin sa pagsusugàl ni Hwàn.</span> -<i>Juan’s family’s want of clothing is due to his -gambling.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ <a id="a239.38" -name="a239.38"></a>maŋhampàs.</span> <i>Don’t go -whipping people.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y naŋháraŋ -naŋ maŋa táo.</span> <i>He made a practice of holding -people up.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y hinúli naŋ <a id= -"a239.40" name="a239.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>pulìs dahilàn sa -paŋhaháraŋ naŋ maŋa táo.</span> <i>He -was arrested by <a id="a239.41" name="a239.41"></a>the police for -highway robbery.</i> <span lang="tl">Naŋháte si -Hwána naŋ kalákal.</span> <a id="a239.42" name= -"a239.42"></a><i>Juana shared orders for goods.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ paŋhaháte ni Hwána naŋ -kalákal <a id="a239.43" name="a239.43"></a>na -ipinagbíbili nyà ay sya nyà ŋ -ikinalúge.</span> <i>Juana’s getting <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb240" href="#pb240" name="pb240">240</a>]</span>her -stock of goods for sale by sharing in orders of fellow-retailers <a id= -"a240.2" name="a240.2"></a>is what made her lose money.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naŋhínà naŋ pagtakbò aŋ -kabáyo <a id="a240.3" name="a240.3"></a>sa kalaúnan -naŋ pagkàgámit sa kanyà.</span> <i>The horse -slackened its pace because it had been driven too long.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Silà y naŋhínaʾ.</span> <i>They <a id= -"a240.5" name="a240.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>grew -faint.</i> <span lang="tl">Maŋhiràm ka naŋ -palakòl.</span> <i>Go borrow a hatchet.</i> <a id="a240.6" name= -"a240.6"></a><span lang="tl">maŋhúlaʾ</span> -<i>practise fortune-telling</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Naŋhùhúli kamì naŋ -isdàʾ sa <a id="a240.7" name="a240.7"></a>kagamitàn -naŋ dála.</span> <i>We catch fish by means of nets.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kanya <a id="a240.8" name="a240.8"></a>ŋ -maŋa paŋiŋílag sa sakìt ay lubhà -ŋ malakè.</span> <i>His precautions <a id="a240.9" name= -"a240.9"></a>against sickness are elaborate.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -naŋàŋabáyo.</span> <i>He rides <a id="a240.10" -name="a240.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>horseback.</i> -<span lang="tl">Naŋapá si Pédro naŋ -isdàʾ.</span> <i>Pedro caught fish in his <a id="a240.11" -name="a240.11"></a>hands (by feeling for them in mud-holes).</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y naŋàŋaséra.</span> <i>He -<a id="a240.12" name="a240.12"></a>eats in a boarding-house.</i> -<span lang="tl">maŋáwit</span> <i>cut twigs with the</i> -<span lang="tl">káwit</span> (<i>a small, hook-shaped -pruning-knife</i>); also: <i>get tired of a position or <a id="a240.14" -name="a240.14"></a>occupation</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ báta -ŋ si Hwàn ay naŋàŋáya naŋ -maŋa kápwa <span class="lineNum">15</span>nya -bátaʾ.</span> <i>Little Juan lords it over the other -children.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y <a id="a240.16" name= -"a240.16"></a>naŋúŋublè.</span> <i>He is -keeping himself in hiding.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ -maŋuròt, <a id="a240.17" name= -"a240.17"></a>Pédro.</span> <i>Don’t be pinching people, -Pedro.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ pananagínip -<a id="a240.18" name="a240.18"></a>ay hindí nátuloy, -sapagkàt nágisiŋ syà sa kalabòg -naŋ púsaʾ.</span> <i>His dream was interrupted by his -being awakened by the <a id="a240.20" name="a240.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>falling of the cat.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nanànagínip.</span> <i>He is dreaming.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Akù y <a id="a240.21" name="a240.21"></a>nanagínip -kagabè.</span> <i>I had a dream last night.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Namáso sya naŋ dalíri naŋ kápwa nya -bátaʾ.</span> <i>He scorched his playmate’s -finger.</i> <a id="a240.23" name="a240.23"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pamumútol nya naŋ kawáya y sundàn mo -syà t baká magliwalìw lámaŋ sa -kalakhàn naŋ panahòn.</span> <i>When he goes -bamboo-cutting, <span class="lineNum">25</span>follow him to see that -he doesn’t loaf most of the time.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pamumútol naŋ kawáyan ay mahírap.</span> -<i>Bamboo-cutting is hard work.</i> <a id="a240.27" name= -"a240.27"></a><span lang="tl">Namútol si Hwàn naŋ -kawáyan.</span> <i>Juan cut bamboo.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Namùmútol <a id="a240.28" name= -"a240.28"></a>kamì naŋ damò úpaŋ -ipagbilè.</span> <i>We are cutting grass for sale.</i> <a id= -"a240.29" name="a240.29"></a><span lang="tl">Mamùmútol -kamì naŋ tubò sa bakúran ni Áli ŋ -Pétra.</span> <i>We are <span class="lineNum">30</span>going to -cut sugar-cane in Aunt Petra’s yard.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -báta ŋ may <a id="a240.31" name="a240.31"></a>sakìt -ay namùmúyat sa kanya ŋ inà.</span> <i>The -sick child keeps its <a id="a240.32" name="a240.32"></a>mother -awake.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maláwig na -pananalitàʾ ay hindí maínam.</span> <a id= -"a240.33" name="a240.33"></a><i><span class="corr" id="xd21e42161" -title="Source: Rounabout">Roundabout</span> speeches are not -pleasant.</i> <span lang="tl">Pédro, hwag kà ŋ -manyásat <a id="a240.34" name="a240.34"></a>naŋ gawá -naŋ máy gawàʾ.</span> <i>Pedro, don’t be -inquiring into <a id="a240.35" name="a240.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>other people’s business.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ panunúlat</span> <i>writing in quantity</i>, -<i>clerkship</i>. <a id="a240.36" name="a240.36"></a><span lang= -"tl">aŋ pananahèʾ</span> <i>the occupation of -sewing</i>, <i>the being a seamstress</i>. <a id="a240.37" name= -"a240.37"></a><span lang="tl">Silà y nanahímik.</span> -<i>They quieted down.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ bàta y -nanahímik.</span> <a id="a240.38" name="a240.38"></a><i>The boy -quieted down to take a rest.</i> <span lang="tl">manáwag</span> -<i>call, summon <a id="a240.39" name="a240.39"></a>(people)</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ panunúroʾ</span> <i>the act of -pointing things out</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya <a id="a240.40" name= -"a240.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>y -naŋúna.</span> <i>He went first</i>, <i>He led</i>. -<span lang="tl">Sya y maŋùŋúna.</span> <i>He -will be <a id="a240.41" name="a240.41"></a>in the lead.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ báta y naŋupò sa buntòt naŋ -sáya naŋ babáye.</span> <a id="a240.42" name= -"a240.42"></a><i>The boy went and sat right down on the lady’s -train.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ paŋuupò <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb241" href="#pb241" name= -"pb241">241</a>]</span><a id="a241.1" name="a241.1"></a>naŋ -báta sa buntòt naŋ sáya ay ipinahintú -sa kanyà naŋ kanya ŋ nánay.</span> <i>The -boy’s trick of sitting down on people’s trains was <a id= -"a241.3" name="a241.3"></a>put a stop to by his mother.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sya y naŋusísa naŋ maŋa -babáye.</span> <a id="a241.4" name="a241.4"></a><i>She -interrogated a number of women.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naŋútaŋ sya sa ákin naŋ <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>limà ŋ píso.</span> <i>He made a -loan of five dollars from me.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly from: <span lang="tl">áhit, -ákoʾ, anàk, báhay, balítaʾ, -barìl, bároʾ, báyan, bílog, -bíroʾ, búhay, bundòk, damìt, -dúkit, gamòt, gupìt, hábol, hámon, -hiŋìʾ, igìb, ílin, káin, -kumpisàl, latàʾ, lóko, mahálaʾ, -noòd, pagítan, píliʾ, púlot, -salákay, saríwaʾ, siŋìl, súbok, -sulsè, súnog, <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>súyoʾ, tálo, -taŋháliʾ, tiwálaʾ, umìt, -yári</span>.</p> -<p id="p357a" class="par"><a id="a241.11" name="a241.11"></a>(a) From -derived words: <span lang="tl">aŋ -paŋhihìmagsíkan</span> in the same meaning as -<span lang="tl">paghihìmagsíkan</span> (from <span lang= -"tl">hìmagsíkan</span>, § <a href= -"#p377a">377,a</a>); so from <a id="a241.13" name= -"a241.13"></a><span lang="tl">kalahátiʾ</span> (§ -<a href="#p519">519</a>), <span lang="tl">kináin</span> (§ -<a href="#p365">365</a>). See also §§ <a href= -"#p421a">421,a</a>. 422,a.</p> -<p id="p357b" class="par">(b) From words with prefix <span lang= -"tl">hin-</span> (§ <a href="#p518">518</a>) we may derive, -<span class="lineNum">15</span>theoretically, the transients with -prefix <span lang="tl">maŋhin-</span>, though the underlying word -in most cases does not exist. For the phonetic irregularities see -§ <a href="#p334a5">334,a,5</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a241.18" name="a241.18"></a><span lang="tl">Sila -y naŋhimagsìk.</span> <i>They came to an armed conflict</i> -(<span lang="tl">bagsìk</span>). <a id="a241.19" name= -"a241.19"></a><span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ -maŋhigantì sa kanilà, Hwàn; aŋ -kababáan naŋ <span class="lineNum">20</span>loòb ay -lálo ŋ magandà.</span> <i>Don’t take revenge -against them, Juan; <a id="a241.21" name="a241.21"></a>meekness of -spirit is more becoming.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Maŋhíhigantì kamì dahilàn sa -maŋa kalupità ŋ ginawá nila sa -ámin.</span> <i>We will take vengeance on them for the many -cruelties they have committed against us.</i> <a id="a241.24" name= -"a241.24"></a><span lang="tl">maŋhinukò</span> <i>cut the -fingernails</i> (<span lang="tl">kukò</span>). <span lang= -"tl">Naŋhìhináyaŋ silà sa -pagkamatày <a id="a241.25" name="a241.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>ni Del-Pilàr.</span> <i>They were mourning -the death of Del Pilar.</i> <a id="a241.26" name= -"a241.26"></a><span lang="tl">Malakì aŋ kanila ŋ -paŋhihináyaŋ sa namatày na báta ŋ -si Hwàn, dahilàn sa hindí karanyúwa ŋ -talíno nya.</span> <i>Their grief at little Juan’s death -was great, on account of his unusual talents.</i> <a id="a241.29" name= -"a241.29"></a>(<span lang="tl">sáyaŋ</span>). <span lang= -"tl">maŋhiniŋà</span> <i>pick the teeth</i> -(<span lang="tl">aŋ tiŋà</span> <i>foreign substance -between <a id="a241.30" name="a241.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>the teeth</i>). <span lang= -"tl">maŋhinulè</span> <i>clean out the ears</i> -(<span lang="tl">tu-tulè</span> <i>earwax</i>, § <a href= -"#p343">343</a>).</p> -<p class="par">(c) In one instance the root is doubled; its accent -shift is <a id="a241.33" name="a241.33"></a>due to the meaning of the -root: <span lang="tl">Nanawà-nawà si Pédro -naŋ márinig <a id="a241.34" name="a241.34"></a>nyà -na sya y nàpíli ŋ magìŋ bóbo sa -laròʾ.</span> <i>Pedro could not <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>keep from snickering when he heard that the choice -had fallen on him to be clown in the play.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.4"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(4)</span> Special static -words.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p358" class="par first"><b>358.</b> A few individual forms of -the preceding group have <a id="a241.39" name="a241.39"></a>static -value; of transients, <span lang="tl">umága</span> -<i>morning</i> (§ <a href="#p348">348</a>) and <span lang= -"tl">aŋ mamásoʾ</span> <a id="a241.40" name= -"a241.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span><i>a blister</i> -(<span lang="tl">pásoʾ</span>); of abstracts, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ pagkáin</span> <i>food</i> (beside <i>the act of -eating</i>), cf. also <span lang="tl">pagdáka</span>, § -<a href="#p265.9">265,9</a>. The following are the regular formations -of special static words of this type: <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb242" href="#pb242" name="pb242">242</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p358a" class="par"><a id="a242.1" name="a242.1"></a>(a) Dual -collectives with <span lang="tl">mag-</span>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -magáli</span> <i>aunt and niece or <a id="a242.2" name= -"a242.2"></a>nephew</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ magamà ŋ -si Maryà at si Pédro ay naparoòn sa -búkid.</span> <i>Pedro and his daughter Maria have gone to the -country.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a242.4" name= -"a242.4"></a>magasáwa ŋ Pédro at Hwána ay -naparoòn sa teyátro.</span> <i>Pedro and <a id="a242.5" -name="a242.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>his wife Juana have -gone to the theatre.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ magatè ŋ -si Maryà at si Maryáno ay nagsipagpasyàl.</span> -<i>Mariano and his oldest sister Maria went for a walk.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sila y magatè.</span> <i>She is his oldest sister.</i> -<a id="a242.8" name="a242.8"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ -magbaláe ŋ si Hwàn at si Andrès</span> -<i>Juan and Andrés, whose <a id="a242.9" name= -"a242.9"></a>children have married each other</i>. <span lang= -"tl">magbayàw</span> <i>two men, one of <a id="a242.10" name= -"a242.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>whom has married the -other’s sister</i>. <span lang="tl">magbilàs</span> <i>two -men who have <a id="a242.11" name="a242.11"></a>married two sisters</i> -(<span lang="tl">aŋ bilàs</span> <i>the husband of -one’s wife’s sister</i>). <a id="a242.12" name= -"a242.12"></a><span lang="tl">maghípag</span> <i>two women, one -of whom has married the other’s brother</i> <a id="a242.13" name= -"a242.13"></a>(each of the two is the other’s <span lang= -"tl">hípag</span>). <span lang="tl">magimpò</span> -<i>grandmother and <a id="a242.14" name="a242.14"></a>grandchild</i>. -<span lang="tl">maginà</span> <i>mother and child</i>. -<span lang="tl">magkúya</span> <i>the oldest brother <a id= -"a242.15" name="a242.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>and a -younger brother or sister</i>. <span lang="tl">magnánay</span> -<i>mother and child</i>. <a id="a242.16" name="a242.16"></a><span lang= -"tl">magtátay</span> <i>father and child</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a242.17" name="a242.17"></a>Slightly divergent is -<span lang="tl">magának</span>: it includes <i>the whole -family</i>, <a id="a242.18" name="a242.18"></a>a given person plus his -<span lang="tl">aŋkàn</span> (§ <a href= -"#p379">379</a>): <span lang="tl">Nagsimbà aŋ boò -ŋ magának.</span> <i>The whole family went to church.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ magának na sina <a id="a242.20" name= -"a242.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>Hwàn -Krùs</span> <i>the Juan Cruz family</i>. Irregular in meaning -are also <span lang="tl">magdamàg</span> and <span lang= -"tl">maghápon</span>, of periods of time.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a242.22" name="a242.22"></a>From a compound word: -<span lang="tl">aŋ magkápit-báhay</span> <i>two -neighbors</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a242.23" name="a242.23"></a>From a phrase: -<span lang="tl">Sila y magkápwa-táo.</span> <i>They act -toward each other as fellow men should</i> (<span lang= -"tl">kápuwà táo</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a242.25" name="a242.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>From a derived word: <span lang= -"tl">magamaìn</span> <i>uncle and nephew or niece</i> -(<span lang="tl">ama-ìn</span>, § <a href= -"#p367a">367,a</a>); see also §§ <a href="#p408">408</a>. -412,a. 490.</p> -<p id="p358b" class="par"><a id="a242.27" name="a242.27"></a>(b) -<span lang="tl">mag- r</span> similarly forms explicit plurals: -<span lang="tl">aŋ magaamà</span> <i>the group of a father -with two or more of his children</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ -magbabaláe</span> <i>a group of three or more people whose -children have intermarried</i>. <a id="a242.30" name= -"a242.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">aŋ -magiinà</span> <i>mother and children</i>. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ magkukúya</span> <i>a <a id="a242.31" name= -"a242.31"></a>group of brothers and sisters including the oldest -brother</i>. <span lang="tl">magnanánay</span> <a id="a242.32" -name="a242.32"></a><i>mother and children</i>. <span lang= -"tl">magpipínsan</span> <i>a group of cousins</i>. <a id= -"a242.33" name="a242.33"></a><span lang="tl">magtatátay</span> -<i>father and children</i>.</p> -<p class="par">From a compound: <span lang= -"tl">magkakápit-báhay.</span></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>From a derived word: -<span lang="tl">magkakasiŋlakì</span> (<span lang= -"tl">kasiŋlakì</span>, § <a href="#p520">520</a>). See -also §§ <a href="#p412a">412,a</a>. 427,d.</p> -<p id="p358c" class="par">(c) <span lang="tl">mag- r</span> also forms -static words denoting a professional <a id="a242.38" name= -"a242.38"></a>agent: <span lang="tl">aŋ magaaráro</span> -<i>a plowman</i>, <span lang="tl">magbibistày</span> <i>woman -who sieves the rice in a mill</i>, <span lang= -"tl">magnanákaw</span> <span class="corr" id="xd21e42881" title= -"Not in source"><i>thief</i></span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a242.40" name="a242.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>From oxytone roots also with retraction of accent: -<span lang="tl">aŋ magbabáyo</span> <a id="a242.41" name= -"a242.41"></a><i>a rice-pounder</i>, <span lang= -"tl">magbibígas</span> <i>a dealer in hulled rice</i>.</p> -<p id="p358d" class="par"><a id="a242.42" name="a242.42"></a>(d) -Barytone roots usually shift the accent: <span lang="tl">aŋ -maghuhugàs</span> <a id="a242.43" name="a242.43"></a><i>a -dish-washer</i>, <span lang="tl">maglalakàd</span> -<i>traveller</i>, <span lang="tl">maglilinìs</span> <i>a -cleaner</i>, <span lang="tl">maglilipàʾ</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb243" href="#pb243" name= -"pb243">243</a>]</span><a id="a243.1" name= -"a243.1"></a><i>plasterer</i>, <span lang= -"tl">maglulutòʾ</span> <i>cook</i>; <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn ay isa ŋ magpuputòl <a id="a243.2" name= -"a243.2"></a>naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>Juan is a -wood-cutter</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ magsusulàt</span> <i>a -clerk</i> <i>scribe</i>, <a id="a243.3" name="a243.3"></a><span lang= -"tl">magsusuyòd</span> <i>a harrower</i> (<span lang= -"tl">súyod</span> <i>a harrow</i>), <span lang= -"tl">maguutàŋ</span> <i>a habitual borrower</i>. So also -from: <span lang="tl">lákoʾ, táwag</span>.</p> -<p id="p358e" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>(e) <span lang= -"tl">màŋ- r</span> has the same value. The accent of the -prefix can <a id="a243.6" name="a243.6"></a>appear only in an open -syllable (§ <a href="#p338">338</a>); <span lang="tl">aŋ -màŋiŋisdàʾ</span> <i>a fisherman</i>; -<a id="a243.7" name="a243.7"></a><span lang= -"tl">mànanalakàb</span> <i>fish-trapper</i> (<span lang= -"tl">salakàb</span> <i>an inverted basket used as a -fish-trap</i>). So: <span lang="tl">dúkit, hámon, -húlaʾ, kúlam, lígaw, sákop, -sípaʾ, taŋgòl, tugtòg</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a243.10" name="a243.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>Oxytone roots often have retraction of accent: -<span lang="tl">maŋgagámot <a id="a243.11" name= -"a243.11"></a>maŋgagamòt; maŋgugúpit -maŋgugupìt</span>; <span lang="tl">Sya y -màŋiŋínum naŋ álak.</span> <i>He is -a drunkard</i>; also: <span lang="tl">maŋiínom</span> (with -the prefix kept apart by glottal stop, § <a href="#p34">34</a>, -and no effect on initial vowel); <a id="a243.14" name= -"a243.14"></a><span lang="tl">máŋaŋatàm -màŋaŋátam; màŋlilímos; -aŋ mànanáheʾ</span> <i>a seamstress</i> <a id= -"a243.15" name="a243.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>(<span lang="tl">aŋ tahèʾ</span> -<i>a seam</i>); <span lang="tl">aŋ mànanánim</span> -<i>a planter</i>.</p> -<p class="par">(f) Barytone roots usually have accent shift: -<span lang="tl">aŋ maŋhuhugàs</span> <a id="a243.17" -name="a243.17"></a><i>a dish-washer</i>, <span lang= -"tl">maŋlalagarìʾ</span> <i>a wood-sawer</i>, -<span lang="tl">mámumulòt</span> <i>a <a id="a243.18" -name="a243.18"></a>gleaner</i> (<span lang="tl">púlot</span>); -<span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa mámumutòl naŋ -káhoy ay nagsiáhon nà sa bundòk.</span> -<i>The wood-cutters have already gone up into the <a id="a243.20" name= -"a243.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>mountains.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ mánunulàt</span> <i>a scribe</i>, -<i>clerk</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -màŋuŋutàŋ</span> <i>a habitual -borrower</i>, <i>a “sponger”</i>. So also from: <span lang= -"tl">káyo, tálo</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.5"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(5)</span> Direct passive.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p359" class="par first"><b>359.</b> The simple direct passive -has suffix <span lang="tl">-in</span> with accent shift of one syllable -in the contingent, infix <span lang="tl">-in-</span> (§ <a href= -"#p334b1">334,b,1</a>) in the <span class="lineNum">25</span>actual: -<span lang="tl">putúl-in, pù-putúl-in, -p-in-útol, p-in-ù-pútol</span>. It corresponds to -actives with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> and abstracts with <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span> and, to a large extent, also to actives with -<span lang="tl">mag-</span> and abstracts with <span lang="tl">pag- -r</span>. It expresses, transiently, an object viewed as fully -affected, taken in by the actor, or created by a simple action.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>Irregularities of form -are as listed in § <a href="#p334c">334,c</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a243.31" name="a243.31"></a><span lang= -"tl">Ináko ni Hwàn aŋ útaŋ ni -Pédro.</span> <i>Pedro’s debt was taken <a id="a243.32" -name="a243.32"></a>over (pledged for) by Juan.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Inàalaála ni Pédro aŋ kanya ŋ -inà.</span> <i>Pedro was thinking of his mother.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí nya inàalaála iyòn.</span> -<a id="a243.34" name="a243.34"></a><i>He does not mind that.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hindí nya àalalahánin -iyòn.</span> <i>He won’t <a id="a243.35" name= -"a243.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>mind that</i> (§ -<a href="#p334c3">334,c,3</a>). <span lang="tl">Inàámin -nya na ginawá nya iyòn.</span> <a id="a243.36" name= -"a243.36"></a><i>He admits that he did it.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Àamínin nya aŋ kanya ŋ -kasalánan.</span> <a id="a243.37" name="a243.37"></a><i>He will -own up to his misdeeds.</i> <span lang="tl">Ináaŋkin -naŋ báta ŋ si Hwána aŋ maŋa -laruwàn ni Maryà.</span> <i>Little Juana appropriates -<a id="a243.39" name="a243.39"></a>Maria’s toys.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋkinin mò aŋ laruwàn.</span> <i>Take the -toy for yourself.</i> <a id="a243.40" name="a243.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span><span lang="tl">Pag úulàn ay -ararúhin mo aŋ punláan.</span> <i>When the rains -<a id="a243.41" name="a243.41"></a>come, plow the germinating-plot.</i> -<span lang="tl">Inàáso naŋ inà aŋ kanya -ŋ bátaʾ.</span> <i>The mother is running and shouting -after her child</i> (<span lang="tl">áso</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb244" href="#pb244" name= -"pb244">244</a>]</span><a id="a244.1" name="a244.1"></a><i>a dog</i>). -<span lang="tl">Ináyap námin aŋ -atsára.</span> <i>We used the mixed pickles as <a id="a244.2" -name="a244.2"></a>a condiment.</i> <span class="corr" id="xd21e43308" -title="Not in source">(<span lang="tl">aŋ áyap</span> -<i>condiment</i>).</span> <span lang="tl">Aŋ aklàt niya -ŋ kaybígan mo ŋ binaŋgìt ay áki -ŋ <a id="a244.3" name="a244.3"></a>nabása.</span> <i>I have -read the book of that friend of yours whom you <a id="a244.4" name= -"a244.4"></a>mentioned.</i> <span lang="tl">Binátis nya aŋ -ílog.</span> <i>He forded the river.</i> <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e43332" title="Not in source"><span lang="tl">Aŋ gúlok -na yàn ay bàbawíin ko sa iyò, kapag -ipinamútol mo naŋ kawáyan.</span> <i>I shall take -back this bolo from you, if you use it for cutting bamboo.</i></span> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ táboʾ <a id="a244.5" name= -"a244.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>ay binílog ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan turned the dipper (on a lathe).</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a244.6" name="a244.6"></a>úlo ni -Hwàn ay binìbílog naŋ kanya ŋ maŋa -kalaròʾ.</span> <i>Juan’s playmates <a id="a244.7" -name="a244.7"></a>are fooling him</i> (literally: <i>turning his -head</i>). <span class="corr" id="xd21e43363" title= -"Not in source"><span lang="tl">Binyàk ni Hwàn aŋ -kawáyan.</span> <i>Juan has split the bamboo.</i></span> -<span lang="tl">Dináiŋ nya <a id="a244.8" name= -"a244.8"></a>aŋ isdàʾ.</span> <i>He laid open the -fish.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa isdà ŋ -itò ay dinála <a id="a244.9" name= -"a244.9"></a>niyà sa ílog-Pásig.</span> <i>He -caught these fish with the net in the Pasig <a id="a244.10" name= -"a244.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>river.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Yòn ay áki ŋ dináramdàm.</span> -<i>I am very sorry</i>, <i>That’s too <a id="a244.11" name= -"a244.11"></a>bad</i>. <span lang="tl">Diligìn mo aŋ -maŋa haláman.</span> <i>Sprinkle the plants.</i> -<span lang="tl">Durúin <a id="a244.12" name="a244.12"></a>mo -aŋ áki ŋ mamásoʾ.</span> <i>Prick my -blister for me.</i> <span lang="tl">Ginágabi kamì.</span> -<a id="a244.13" name="a244.13"></a><i>We were overtaken by night.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hanápin mo aŋ magnanákaw.</span> -<a id="a244.14" name="a244.14"></a><i>Look for the thief.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hinápis nya akò.</span> <i>He made me -sad.</i> <span lang="tl">Hinátì <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>ko aŋ maŋa -búŋa-ŋ-káhoy sa maŋa -bátàʾ.</span> <i>I distributed the fruits <a id= -"a244.16" name="a244.16"></a>among the children.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Iníhaw nya aŋ karnè.</span> <i>He roasted the -meat.</i> <a id="a244.17" name="a244.17"></a><span lang= -"tl">Inísip nya ŋ magnákaw sa isa ŋ -tindáhan.</span> <i>He thought of stealing from a store.</i> -<span lang="tl">Isípin mo kuŋ saàn mo naíwan -aŋ iyo ŋ sombréro.</span> <a id="a244.19" name= -"a244.19"></a><i>Think where you left your hat.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kabutì ŋ itò ay hindí -kinàkáin.</span> <a id="a244.20" name= -"a244.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span><i>One does not eat this -mushroom.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipatipìd mo sa -bátàʾ aŋ <a id="a244.21" name= -"a244.21"></a>kinàkáin nya.</span> <i>Make the child be -moderate in its eating.</i> <span lang="tl">Kinapá <a id= -"a244.22" name="a244.22"></a>ko sa kadilimàn aŋ áki -ŋ hìgáan.</span> <i>I <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e43499" title="Source: felt">fell</span> out my bed in the -dark.</i> <span lang="tl">Kúnin mo aŋ aklàt sa -bátaʾ.</span> <i>Take the book from the child.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hwag <a id="a244.24" name="a244.24"></a>mò -akò ŋ kurutìn.</span> <i>Don’t pinch me.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nilákad námin aŋ lahàt <a id= -"a244.25" name="a244.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ -daàn.</span> <i>We walked all the way.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Laruin mò aŋ bátaʾ.</span> <i>Play <a id= -"a244.26" name="a244.26"></a>with the child.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nilìlínis nya aŋ mésa.</span> <i>She is -cleaning the table.</i> <a id="a244.27" name="a244.27"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nilúsoŋ mo bà aŋ balòn?</span> -<i>Did you go down into the well?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Lusúŋin <a id="a244.28" name="a244.28"></a>mo aŋ -balòn.</span> <i>Go down into the well.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nilùlúto niya aŋ gúlay.</span> <i>She is -cooking the vegetables</i> (also: <span lang= -"tl">linùlútoʾ</span>). <span lang= -"tl">Minámahàl <a id="a244.30" name= -"a244.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>naŋ maŋa -magúlaŋ aŋ bátaʾ.</span> <i>The parents -love the child.</i> <span lang="tl">pinalànsa</span> <a id= -"a244.31" name="a244.31"></a><i>was ironed</i> (<span lang= -"tl">palànsa</span>). <span lang="tl">Pinána ko aŋ -usà.</span> <i>I shot the stag with an arrow.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí nya pinápansìn iyòn.</span> -<i>He doesn’t pay any <a id="a244.33" name= -"a244.33"></a>attention to that.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinatày ko -aŋ manòk.</span> <i>I killed the chicken.</i> <a id= -"a244.34" name="a244.34"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -pinílì nya ŋ manòk ay -matabàʾ.</span> <i>The chicken she picked out <a id= -"a244.35" name="a244.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>is a fat -one.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinílit nya ŋ gumawá -naŋ páyoŋ aŋ alílaʾ.</span> <i>He -<a id="a244.36" name="a244.36"></a>forced the servant to make an -umbrella.</i> <span lang="tl">Pitasin mò aŋ maŋa -búŋa naŋ maŋgà.</span> <i>You pick the -mangoes.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinútol ni Hwàn aŋ -<a id="a244.38" name="a244.38"></a>tanikalàʾ.</span> <i>The -chain was cut by Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagka pinútol mo -aŋ lúbid <a id="a244.39" name="a244.39"></a>na iyàn -ay lálagpak aŋ tulày.</span> <i>When you have cut -that rope <a id="a244.40" name="a244.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>the bridge will fall.</i> <span lang="tl">Pag -pinútol mo aŋ buntòt naŋ tútaʾ ay -malápit iya ŋ mamatày.</span> <i>If you cut off the -puppy’s tail, it is likely <a id="a244.42" name="a244.42"></a>to -die.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinùpútol ko aŋ -káhoy.</span> <i>I was cutting the wood.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Putúlin <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb245" href="#pb245" -name="pb245">245</a>]</span>mo aŋ lúbid.</span> <i>Cut the -rope.</i> <span lang="tl">Pùputúlin nya aŋ -búhoʾ.</span> <i>He <a id="a245.2" name="a245.2"></a>will -cut the bamboo.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinúyat nya -akò.</span> <i>He kept me up late.</i> <a id="a245.3" name= -"a245.3"></a><span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ sagasáin, -Lúkas, aŋ kainítan naŋ áraw sa iyo -ŋ paglabàs sa búkid.</span> <i>Don’t hit upon -the hottest part of the day for going <a id="a245.5" name= -"a245.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>out to the field, Lucas.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sinísintà ni Pédro aŋ -dalága.</span> <i>Pedro is in love with the young woman.</i> -<span lang="tl">Akò y sinípà naŋ -kabáyo.</span> <i>I was <a id="a245.7" name="a245.7"></a>kicked -by a horse.</i> <span lang="tl">Sinuklày nya aŋ -buhòk naŋ kanya ŋ anàk.</span> <i>She combed -her child’s hair</i>; also: <span lang="tl">Sinuklày nya -aŋ kanya ŋ anàk.</span> <a id="a245.9" name= -"a245.9"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ gámit nya ŋ -librò ay sinúlat ni Daruwìn.</span> <i>The book he -uses <a id="a245.10" name="a245.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>was written by Darwin.</i> <span lang="tl">Kuŋ -sinuntòk nya aŋ bátaʾ ay suntukìn <a id= -"a245.11" name="a245.11"></a>mo siyà.</span> <i>If he hits the -boy, do you hit him.</i> <span lang="tl">Sinúsuntok nyà -aŋ <a id="a245.12" name="a245.12"></a>bátaʾ.</span> -<i>He hits the boy on the head.</i> <span lang="tl">Tagpuìn mo -akò sa estasyòn naŋ trèn.</span> <i>Meet me -at the railroad station.</i> <span lang="tl">Tanawin mò aŋ -súnog!</span> <a id="a245.14" name="a245.14"></a><i>Look at the -fire!</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ tábon sa ílog ay -tinaŋày naŋ ágos.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">15</span><i>The dam in the river was carried away by the -current.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag <a id="a245.16" name= -"a245.16"></a>mò ŋ taŋgapìn aŋ -úpa.</span> <i>Don’t accept the pay.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tawágin mo si <a id="a245.17" name= -"a245.17"></a>Hwàn.</span> <i>Call Juan.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tinipìd ni Hwàn aŋ ibinigày ko ŋ -ságiŋ.</span> <a id="a245.18" name="a245.18"></a><i>Juan -was saving with the bananas I gave him.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -dúsa ŋ kanya ŋ tinítiìs ay hindí -lubhà ŋ mabigàt.</span> <i>The suffering he is -undergoing <a id="a245.20" name="a245.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>is not very severe.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tinísod ko aŋ bakyàʾ.</span> <i>I kicked -away the sandal.</i> <span lang="tl">Inúna si Hwàn -naŋ hukòm.</span> <i>Juan was dealt with first by the -judge.</i> <span lang="tl">Inusísa akò ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan questioned me.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -inusísa sa ákin ni Hwàn ay kuŋ saan -nàndon aŋ kanya ŋ sombréro.</span> <a id= -"a245.24" name="a245.24"></a><i>What Juan asked me was where his hat -was.</i> <span lang="tl">Inútaŋ ko iyò ŋ -<span class="lineNum">25</span>salapì ŋ ibinigày ko -sa kanyà kahápon.</span> <i>I borrowed that money I -<a id="a245.26" name="a245.26"></a>gave him yesterday.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Niwáwalis nyà aŋ alikabòk sa -mésa.</span> <i>She is sweeping the dust from the table</i> -(also: <span lang="tl">wináwalìs</span>). <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ niyáyà ko ŋ magpasyàl ay si -Hwàn.</span> <i>The one I invited to come for a walk was -Juan.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>Similarly from: -<span lang="tl">ágaw, akálaʾ, ákay, -akiyàt, alílaʾ, alintána, -alipustàʾ, alìs, ámoʾ, anínaw, -ásal, bálak, bambò, bása, batò, -báwiʾ, bigkàs, bigtì, bílaŋ, -bilì, bitbìt, búhat, bútas, buwísit, -dalà, daràs, dikdìk, dúkit, dúkot, -gámit, gamòt, gantì, gawàʾ, -gúgol, gupìt, gustò, gútom, hábol, -hágod, hampàs, hámon, hantày, -háŋoʾ, háraŋ, <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>haràp, hátak, híla, -hilìŋ, hinálaʾ, hintày, hiràm, -hitìt, híwaʾ, húkay, húli, -íbig, inò, inòm, kagàt, kalaykày, -kámot, kantà, kúlam, kumbidà, -kumpisàl, lála, lóko, lúnod, loòb, -matà, múra, nákaw, páloʾ, -pasàn, pások, pígil, pího, piráso, -pirìnsa, pukòl, sábi, sadiyàʾ, -<span class="corr" id="xd21e43929" title= -"Not in source">sagòt,</span> salúboŋ, -sampàl, saŋgà, sapantáhaʾ, sílip, -siŋìl, siyásat, sumpòŋ, <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>sundòʾ, sunòd, súnog, -suŋáŋa, tagàʾ, tákot, -talagà, tálo, tampálas, tápos, -túkop, tuntòn, úbos, ugáliʾ, -úlit, wíkaʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p359a" class="par"><a id="a245.42" name="a245.42"></a>(a) From -derived words: <span lang="tl">Inùumága silà sa -kanila ŋ pagsasàlitáan.</span> <i>They were being -overtaken by their morning in their conversation</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb246" href="#pb246" name= -"pb246">246</a>]</span><a id="a246.1" name="a246.1"></a>(<span lang= -"tl">um-ága</span>, § <a href="#p358">358</a>). <span lang= -"tl">Si Hwána ay hinimatày.</span> <i>Juana was attacked -by a fainting-fit</i> (<span lang="tl">himatày</span>, § -<a href="#p518">518</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a246.3" name="a246.3"></a>(b) From root with -shifted accent: <span lang="tl">Ináabùt naŋ -bátaʾ aŋ <a id="a246.4" name= -"a246.4"></a>góra.</span> <i>The boy was reaching for his -cap.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a246.5" name="a246.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>(c) Accent shift lacking: <span lang= -"tl">Mínsanin mo, Hwàn, aŋ paginòm naŋ -gamòt.</span> <i>Take the medicine all at one swallow, -Juan.</i></p> -<p class="par">(d) From doubled root, with meaning of repeated action: -see <span lang="tl">isà</span>; barytone root with accent shift: -<span lang="tl">ámoʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p360" class="par"><b>360.</b> A few roots which have actives -with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> form the <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>direct passive from the root with <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span> prefixed. On the analogy of other forms (cf. § -<a href="#p369">369</a>) one should expect this to be the case with -roots whose active with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> stood in contrast -with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> (§ <a href="#p351">351</a>); this -is clearly the case, however, only in <span lang= -"tl">pag-isíp-in, pag-ì-isíp-in <a id="a246.14" -name="a246.14"></a>p-in-ag-ísip, -p-in-ag-ì-ísip</span>: <span lang="tl">Pinagísip -nya ŋ magnákaw sa <span class="lineNum">15</span>isa ŋ -tindáhan.</span> <i>He laid plans for robbing a store</i> (cf. -<span lang="tl">in-ísip</span>, § <a href="#p359">359</a>). -The other roots which have <span lang="tl">pag-</span> in the direct -passive are: <span lang="tl">barìl, doòp, -kúroʾ, tapìk</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>361.</b> To the active with <span lang= -"tl">mag-</span> (1) (§ <a href="#p353">353</a>) corresponds a -direct passive with <span lang="tl">pag-</span> and accent shift: -<span lang="tl">pag-putul-ìn</span>, <span lang= -"tl">p-in-ag-putòl</span>, <a id="a246.20" name= -"a246.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>etc<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e44102" title="Not in source">.</span> (<span lang= -"tl">pútol</span>): <span lang="tl">Pinaghatí ko aŋ -maŋa itlòg na pinatigasàn ni <a id="a246.21" name= -"a246.21"></a>Hwána.</span> <i>I halved each of the eggs Juana -had hard-boiled.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinagisìp <a id="a246.22" -name="a246.22"></a>nya aŋ kahulugàn naŋ maŋa -sènyas na nàkíta nya ŋ ibiníbigay -naŋ isa ŋ sundálo sa isa nyà ŋ -kasamahà ŋ nàhúle naŋ -kaáway.</span> <i>He figured out the meaning of the signals he -saw a soldier <a id="a246.25" name="a246.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>make to a comrade who was captured by the enemy.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pinagpúputul naŋ bátaʾ aŋ -sinúlid.</span> <i>The child is cutting the thread to <a id= -"a246.27" name="a246.27"></a>bits.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagputulin -mò, Hwàn, aŋ maŋa siìt.</span> <i>Cut -out the bamboo-spines, Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinagusisá -naŋ hukòm aŋ maŋa magnanákaw.</span> -<i>The judge cross-examined the robbers.</i> Similarly from <span lang= -"tl">kúha, nákaw, <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>sábi, sípaʾ, -súnog</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>362.</b> Likewise, corresponding to the active with -<span lang="tl">mag- r</span> (§ <a href="#p354">354</a>), is a -direct passive with <span lang="tl">pag- r</span>; see <span lang= -"tl">gawàʾ, kagàt</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Passive with <span lang="tl">pag- (1) r</span> (cf. -§ <a href="#p355">355</a>) from <span lang= -"tl">sípaʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p363" class="par"><a id="a246.34" name="a246.34"></a><b>363.</b> -Passive with <span lang="tl">pag- (1) D</span> (cf. § <a href= -"#p356">356</a>): <span lang="tl">Pinagsabì-sabi <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>nyà sa ibà t ibà ŋ -táo na si Pédro ay nàhúli sa -pagnanákaw.</span> <i>He told various people on various -occasions, that Pedro was arrested for thievery.</i></p> -<p id="p364" class="par"><b>364.</b> The direct passive is made from -the root with prefix <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span> to correspond to -actives with <span lang="tl">maŋ-</span> (§ <a href= -"#p357">357</a>): <span lang="tl">pa-mitas-ìn, -pa-mì-mitas-ìn, <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>p-ina-mitàs, p-in-a-mí-mitàs -(pitàs)</span>. Examples: <span lang="tl">Inamútan <a id= -"a246.41" name="a246.41"></a>ko si Hwàn naŋ pinamilì -ko ŋ maŋa librò.</span> <i>I let Juan purchase <a id= -"a246.42" name="a246.42"></a>from me some of the books I had bought -up.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinamímitas <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb247" href="#pb247" name= -"pb247">247</a>]</span><a id="a247.1" name="a247.1"></a>nilà -aŋ maŋa kamatsilè.</span> <i>They picked the fruits of -the tannic acid <a id="a247.2" name="a247.2"></a>tree.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pamìmitasìn námin aŋ maŋa -búlak.</span> <i>We shall pick the capoc <a id="a247.3" name= -"a247.3"></a>cotton.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinamùlot námin -aŋ maŋa laglàg na búŋa.</span> <i>We -<a id="a247.4" name="a247.4"></a>picked up the fallen betel-fruits.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pinaŋútaŋ ko iyà ŋ -salapìʾ sa <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>kanyà.</span> <i>I had to borrow that money -you have there from him.</i> Also from <span lang= -"tl">noòd</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.6"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(6)</span> Special static -words.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p365" class="par first"><b>365.</b> The infix <span lang= -"tl">-in-</span> produces static words denoting <i>things which are -produced by such and such a process or treated so and <a id="a247.10" -name="a247.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>so</i>: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ pinítak</span> <i>each of the small sections into -which a rice-field is <a id="a247.11" name="a247.11"></a>divided by the -irrigation trenches</i> (<span lang="tl">pítak</span> -<i>divide</i>; as root-word, <i>division</i>). So from <span lang= -"tl">bátaʾ, hiŋà, káin, lúgaw, -púnoʾ, sáiŋ, súlid</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a247.13" name="a247.13"></a>(a) With accent -shift: <span lang="tl">inakày</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(b) A number of roots (here treated as simple) have the -form <span class="lineNum">15</span>of words with infix <span lang= -"tl">-in-</span> (cf. § <a href="#p333">333</a>): <span lang= -"tl">hinálaʾ, kinábaŋ, linamnàm, -sinuŋáliŋ, tinápay, tinóla</span>.</p> -<p id="p366" class="par"><a id="a247.17" name="a247.17"></a><b>366.</b> -<span lang="tl">-in- R</span>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -ináamà</span> <i>godfather</i>, <span lang= -"tl">iníinà</span> <i>godmother</i>; cf. § <a href= -"#p412a">412,a</a>.</p> -<p id="p367" class="par"><b>367.</b> Suffix <span lang="tl">-in</span> -with secondary accent on the first syllable of <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>the underlying word forms static words denoting -<i>something which <a id="a247.21" name="a247.21"></a>undergoes such -and such an action</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ kalasìŋ -naŋ kwàlta sa ibà <a id="a247.22" name= -"a247.22"></a>y pára ŋ isa ŋ tugtúgin.</span> -<i>The clinking of money is for others (than the spender) like -music.</i> So from <span lang="tl">bandà, damdàm, -tiìs</span> (only here does the S show itself), <span lang= -"tl">tuŋkòl</span>.</p> -<p id="p367a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>(a) Static -words with <span lang="tl">(1) -in</span>, with irregularities (§ -<a href="#p334b">334,b</a>), <a id="a247.26" name= -"a247.26"></a><i>person or animal like something</i>: <span lang= -"tl">amaìn</span> <i>uncle</i>; so from <span lang= -"tl">inà</span>. Also <a id="a247.27" name="a247.27"></a>of -<i>things consumed</i>: <span lang="tl">inumìn</span> -<i>drinking water</i>, <span lang="tl">kánin</span> (<span lang= -"tl">káin</span>) <i>boiled rice ready to eat</i>.</p> -<p id="p367b" class="par"><a id="a247.29" name="a247.29"></a>(b) The -same with <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span> in <span lang= -"tl">pa-naú-hin</span> <i>guest</i>, if from <span lang= -"tl">táo</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>(c) <span lang="tl">(2) --in</span>, collective, of places: <span lang= -"tl">bukirìn</span> <i>estate</i>, <i>fields</i>, -<i>terrain</i>; <span lang="tl">lupaìn</span> <i>country</i>, -<i>part of the world</i>. Of animate creatures, <a id="a247.32" name= -"a247.32"></a>tendency: <span lang="tl">gulatìn</span> -<i>scary</i>, <i>shy</i>.</p> -<p class="par">From derived word, in the latter sense, with S on the -first of three syllables: <span lang= -"tl">pàniwalaìn</span> <i>credulous</i> (<span lang= -"tl">paniwálaʾ</span>, § <a href="#p347">347</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>(d) <span lang= -"tl">-in</span> with reduplication, from numerals, in the sense of -<a id="a247.36" name="a247.36"></a><i>with so many</i>: <span lang= -"tl">lilimáhin</span>; from <span lang= -"tl">da-lawà</span> (§ <a href="#p345">345</a>), -<span lang="tl">da-dalawá-hin</span>.</p> -<p id="p367e" class="par">(e) r (2) <span lang="tl">-in</span>, with -irregularity: <span lang="tl">ka-kan-ìn</span> <i>sweetmeat</i> -(<span lang="tl">káin</span>).</p> -<p class="par">(f) The following roots end in <span lang= -"tl">-in</span> (§ <a href="#p333">333</a>): <span lang= -"tl">bayúgin, buháŋin, daláŋin</span> -<i>prayer</i>, <span lang="tl">kaiŋìn, muláwin, -salamìn</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.7"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="lineNum">40</span><span class= -"divNum">(7)</span> Instrumental passive.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p368" class="par first"><b>368.</b> The instrumental passive -corresponding to the active with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> and, to a -large extent, to that with <span lang="tl">mag-</span>, is formed with -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb248" href="#pb248" name= -"pb248">248</a>]</span>the prefix <span lang="tl">i-</span> (§ -<a href="#p334a3">334,a,3</a>); the actual taking also the infix -<span lang="tl">-in-</span> (§ <a href="#p334b2">334,b,2</a>): -<span lang="tl">i-pútol, i-pù-pútol, -i-p-in-útol, i-p-in-ù-pútol</span>. It denotes, -transiently, <i>an object given forth, parted from, or used as -instrument</i> or <i>the person for whom</i> in such and such an action -<span class="lineNum">5</span>or process.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a248.6" name="a248.6"></a><span lang= -"tl">Iniyalìs nilà aŋ háraŋ naŋ -daàn.</span> <i>They removed the obstruction <a id="a248.7" -name="a248.7"></a>on the road.</i> <span lang="tl">Iyánib</span> -(or: <span lang="tl">isánib</span>) <span lang="tl">mo aŋ -iyu ŋ banìg sa kay Pédro.</span> <i>Make your -sleeping-mat overlap Pedro’s</i>, i. e. <i>Sleep next <a id= -"a248.9" name="a248.9"></a>to Pedro</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Ibinàbágay naŋ maŋkakayò aŋ -damìt sa namímilè sa <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>kanyà.</span> <i>The cloth-merchant is -suiting the cloth to her customer.</i> <a id="a248.11" name= -"a248.11"></a><span lang="tl">Ibinàbágay ni Hwàn -sa kanyà ŋ kalàgáyan aŋ kanya ŋ -paggastà.</span> <a id="a248.12" name="a248.12"></a><i>Juan -adapts his expenses to his situation.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ibinilaŋgò naŋ hukòm <a id="a248.13" name= -"a248.13"></a>si Hwàn.</span> <i>The judge has put Juan into -prison.</i> <span lang="tl">Ibiníŋit nya sa <a id="a248.14" -name="a248.14"></a>lamésa aŋ orasàn.</span> <i>He -put the clock on the edge of the table.</i> <a id="a248.15" name= -"a248.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">Idaan -mò sa báhay ni Pédro aŋ bábuy na -itò.</span> <i>Leave this pig at <a id="a248.16" name= -"a248.16"></a>Pedro’s house as you pass.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ bantáyan sa púno naŋ tulày ay -<a id="a248.17" name="a248.17"></a>inihágis naŋ maŋa -lasìŋ na táo sa ílog.</span> <i>The -sentry-box at the head of the bridge was thrown into the river by the -drunken men.</i> <a id="a248.19" name="a248.19"></a><span lang= -"tl">Ihásà mo aŋ paŋáhit na -ytò.</span> <i>Sharpen this razor.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ihinúkay nila <span class="lineNum">20</span>naŋ -malálim aŋ patày.</span> <i>They dug a deep grave -for the dead.</i> <span lang="tl">Íwan <a id="a248.21" name= -"a248.21"></a>mo díto aŋ bátaʾ.</span> <i>Leave -the child here</i> (so: <span lang="tl">ì-íwan</span> -<i>will be left</i>, <span lang="tl">in-íwan</span> <a id= -"a248.22" name="a248.22"></a><i>was left</i>, <span lang= -"tl">in-ì-íwan</span> <i>is being left</i>). <span lang= -"tl">Inilálaàn ko kay Pédro aŋ -ságiŋ na itò.</span> <i>I am putting aside this -banana for Pedro</i> (also: <a id="a248.24" name= -"a248.24"></a><span lang="tl">itinátaàn</span>). -<span lang="tl">Inilùlúto nya aŋ -gúlay.</span> <i>She is cooking the vegetables</i> <a id= -"a248.25" name="a248.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>(also: -<span lang="tl">ilinùlútoʾ</span>). <span lang= -"tl">Ipinagítan sya sa dalawà ŋ -dalága.</span> <i>He was <a id="a248.26" name= -"a248.26"></a>placed between two young women.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipináyag ko sa hinilìŋ nilà aŋ -áki ŋ sasakyàn.</span> <i>At their request I let -them have my vehicle.</i> <a id="a248.28" name= -"a248.28"></a><span lang="tl">Ipinútol nya akò naŋ -sinúlid.</span> <i>She cut off some thread for me.</i> <a id= -"a248.29" name="a248.29"></a><span lang="tl">Ipútol mo -akò naŋ maìs.</span> <i>Cut some corn for me.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ipùpútol nya <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>ikàw naŋ tubò.</span> <i>He will -cut some sugar-cane for you.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kampìt -<a id="a248.31" name="a248.31"></a>na iyàn ay mapúpurol -kapag ipinútol mo naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>That -kitchen-knife <a id="a248.32" name="a248.32"></a>will grow dull, if you -cut wood with it.</i> <span lang="tl">Kawáyan aŋ -isinásahìg ni Pédro sa kanya ŋ -báhay.</span> <i>Pedro is using bamboo for flooring <a id= -"a248.34" name="a248.34"></a>his house.</i> <span lang="tl">Pag -pinùpútol ko nà aŋ liìg naŋ -manòk, ay isáhod <a id="a248.35" name= -"a248.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>mo aŋ -maŋkòk na lalagyàn naŋ -dugòʾ.</span> <i>When I am cutting the <a id="a248.36" -name="a248.36"></a>chicken’s neck, hold under the basin to catch -the blood.</i> <span lang="tl">Isinále <a id="a248.37" name= -"a248.37"></a>nya si Hwàn.</span> <i>He included Juan.</i> -<span lang="tl">Isáli mo si Hwàn.</span> <i>Take Juan -<a id="a248.38" name="a248.38"></a>along.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Isinampày nya sa kanya ŋ balíkat aŋ -kúmot.</span> <i>He slung <a id="a248.39" name="a248.39"></a>the -blanket across his shoulder.</i> <span lang="tl">Isigaŋ mò -aŋ sináiŋ.</span> <i>Put the rice <a id="a248.40" -name="a248.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>on the fire.</i> -<span lang="tl">Isilid mò sa bóte aŋ -álak.</span> <i>Put the wine into the bottle.</i> <a id= -"a248.41" name="a248.41"></a><span lang="tl">Pagulàn ay isoot -mò aŋ kapóte.</span> <i>When it rains put on the -<a id="a248.42" name="a248.42"></a>rain-coat.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Itináwag naŋ magpapatawàg aŋ bágo -ŋ kautusàn.</span> <i>The <a id="a248.43" name= -"a248.43"></a>crier cried out the new law.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Itinayú nya aŋ báhay.</span> <i>He erected the -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb249" href="#pb249" name= -"pb249">249</a>]</span><a id="a249.1" name="a249.1"></a>house.</i> -<span lang="tl">Itinira nyà sa ákin aŋ -tinápay.</span> <i>He left the bread for me.</i> <a id="a249.2" -name="a249.2"></a><span lang="tl">Itúru mu sa kanyà -aŋ simbáhan.</span> <i>Show him the church.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Itúru <a id="a249.3" name="a249.3"></a>mo sa ákin -aŋ laròʾ.</span> <i>Teach me the game.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Iwalá mo iyà ŋ iyo ŋ sambalílo -ŋ lúmaʾ.</span> <i>Get rid of that old hat of -yours.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>Similarly, from: -<span lang="tl">álay, átas, bagsàk, -balítaʾ, bigày, budbòd, búhos, -bulìd, búrol, buwàl, dáos, dikìt, -distíno, dugtòŋ, gápos, hánap, -handàʾ, hatìd, hintòʾ, hitsà, -húlog, kasàl, kawàg, labàs, ladlàd, -lagày, laglàg, lákad, lakàs, <span class= -"corr" id="xd21e45019" title="Not in source">lalàʾ,</span> -lapàg, lawìt, libìŋ, ligtàs, -líhim, lúlan, <a id="a249.9" name= -"a249.9"></a>luwàʾ, páyo, sabàd, -sáboy, sagòt, sakdàl, sánib, sarà, -sigàw, sèrmon, <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>súloŋ, sunòd, taàn, -taàs, tágoʾ, táliʾ, tanìm, -táŋiʾ, tápon, tuktòk, túloy, -túŋo, úbos, útos, wisìk</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a249.12" name="a249.12"></a>(a) From root with -shifted accent: <span lang="tl">Iniyáabùt nya sa -ákin aŋ <a id="a249.13" name= -"a249.13"></a>librò.</span> <i>He was handing me the book.</i> -<span lang="tl">Iyabùt mo sa ákin aŋ -librò.</span> <i>Hand me the book.</i></p> -<p id="p369" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>369.</b> The -instrumental passive is made from the root with prefix <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span> when it corresponds to an active with <span lang= -"tl">mag-</span> which stands in contrast with an active with -<span lang="tl">-um-</span> from the same root (§ <a href= -"#p351">351</a>); it is used also to express the instrumental relation -more explicitly than the simple form, especially the <i>person for -whom</i>. <span class="lineNum">20</span>Forms: <span lang= -"tl">i-pag-pú-tol, i-pag-pù-pútol, -i-p-in-ag-pútol, <a id="a249.21" name= -"a249.21"></a>i-p-in-ag-pù-pútol</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a249.22" name="a249.22"></a><span lang="tl">Ito -ŋ báhay aŋ ipinagbili kò.</span> <i>This house -is the one I have <a id="a249.23" name="a249.23"></a>sold</i> (cf. -<span lang="tl">bumilì</span> <i>buy</i>, <span lang= -"tl">magbilì</span> <i>sell</i>). <span lang="tl">Aŋ -áraw naŋ kapaŋànákan ni <a id="a249.24" -name="a249.24"></a>Risàl ay ipinagdìdíwaŋ sa -boò ŋ Filipínas.</span> <i>Rizal’s birthday is -<a id="a249.25" name="a249.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>celebrated all over the Philippines.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Síno aŋ ipinaglùlúto mo?</span> <a id= -"a249.26" name="a249.26"></a><i>Whom are you cooking for?</i> -(<span lang="tl">inilùlútoʾ</span> in preceding -section). <a id="a249.27" name="a249.27"></a><span lang= -"tl">Ipagpútol mo ŋàʾ akò naŋ -yantòk.</span> <i>Please cut some bamboo for <a id="a249.28" -name="a249.28"></a>me.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipagpùpútol -kità naŋ tubò.</span> <i>I will cut you some -sugar-cane.</i> <a id="a249.29" name="a249.29"></a><span lang= -"tl">Ipinagpútol mo ba akò naŋ -pamilmìt?</span> <i>Did you cut me a pole <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>for fishing?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinagpùpútol niya akò naŋ siìt -na gàgawì ŋ pípa.</span> <i>He is cutting me -some bamboo reeds for cigarette-holders.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -guntìŋ na iyàn ay mapúpurul agàd, -kapag ipinagpútol mo naŋ damìt.</span> <i>Those -scissors will get dull very soon, if you keep using <a id="a249.34" -name="a249.34"></a>them to cut cloth with.</i> <span lang="tl">Iyo -ŋ kúnin aŋ guntìŋ, kapag -ipinagpùpútol <a id="a249.35" name= -"a249.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>nya naŋ -káyo.</span> <i>Take the scissors, if he uses them for cutting -cloth.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ paupó ni Hwà ŋ -sùgálan ay ipinagsábi sa pulìs naŋ -<a id="a249.37" name="a249.37"></a>kanya ŋ -kápit-báhay.</span> <i>The gambling party Juan invited -was exposed to the police by his neighbor</i> (<span lang= -"tl">sinábi</span> <i>was said</i>). <span lang="tl">Ipinagsakay -<a id="a249.39" name="a249.39"></a>kò si Hwàn sa -áki ŋ karumáta.</span> <i>I took Juan into my -carriage.</i> <a id="a249.40" name="a249.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span><span lang="tl">Aŋ bágo ŋ -léyi ay ipinagtáwag ni Hwàn.</span> <i>The new law -was called out by Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko bà -ipinagútos sa iyò ŋ gawìn mo -itò?</span> <i>Didn’t I order you to do this?</i> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb250" href="#pb250" name= -"pb250">250</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Also from: <span lang="tl">kayilàʾ, -labà, látag, sakdàl, sumbòŋ, -takà, tanòŋ, tapàt</span>.</p> -<p id="p369a" class="par"><a id="a250.3" name="a250.3"></a>(a) From -derived words: <span lang="tl">ipinaghimatày</span> (<span lang= -"tl">himatày</span>, § <a href="#p518">518</a>); <a id= -"a250.4" name="a250.4"></a><span lang= -"tl">Ipinagúbus-làkásan niya aŋ -pagtakbò.</span> <i>He exhausted all his <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>strength in his running</i> (<span lang= -"tl">úbus-làkásan</span>, § <a href= -"#p377b">377,b</a>).</p> -<p id="p370" class="par"><b>370.</b> <span lang="tl">i-pag (1)</span>, -corresponding to <span lang="tl">mag- (1)</span>, § <a href= -"#p353">353</a>: from <span lang="tl">tápon</span>; also from -derived word <span lang="tl">ma-yábaŋ</span> (§ -<a href="#p454">454</a>, cf. § <a href="#p353a">353,a</a>).</p> -<p id="p371" class="par"><b>371.</b> <span lang="tl">i-pag r</span>, -corresponding to <span lang="tl">mag- r</span> (§ <a href= -"#p354">354</a>), from <span lang="tl">tanòŋ</span>.</p> -<p id="p372" class="par"><b>372.</b> The instrumental passive from the -root with prefix <a id="a250.10" name="a250.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span><span lang="tl">paŋ-</span> corresponds to the -active with <span lang="tl">maŋ-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">Ipinaŋháraŋ nila Pédro <a id="a250.11" -name="a250.11"></a>aŋ maŋa barìl na inágaw -nilà sa maŋa pulìs naŋ báyan.</span> -<i>In holding people up Pedro’s gang used the guns they had -snatched <a id="a250.13" name="a250.13"></a>from the police of the -district.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipinamútol ko naŋ -yantòk aŋ <a id="a250.14" name= -"a250.14"></a>gúlok.</span> <i>I used the bolo for -rattan-cutting.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipinamùmútol nya -akò <span class="lineNum">15</span>naŋ -kawáyan.</span> <i>He is cutting bamboo for me.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinamùmútol nya naŋ kawáyan aŋ -bágo ŋ gúlok.</span> <i>He is using the new bolo for -bamboo-cutting.</i> <a id="a250.17" name="a250.17"></a><span lang= -"tl">Ipamútol mo naŋ tubò aŋ kampìt na -itò.</span> <i>Use this kitchen-knife for cane-cutting.</i> So -also: <span lang="tl">ákoʾ, balítaʾ</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.8"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(8)</span> Special static -words.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p373" class="par first"><span class= -"lineNum">20</span><b>373.</b> Special static words with prefix -<span lang="tl">i-</span> express <i>the part of something in such and -such a direction</i>, or <i>the direction</i>: <span lang= -"tl">ibábaw, ibáyo, ilálim, itaàs, -ituktòk; with shifted root: ibabàʾ</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.9"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(9)</span> Local passive.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p374" class="par first"><b>374.</b> The simple local passive, -corresponding to the active <span class="lineNum">25</span>with -<span lang="tl">-um-</span> and largely to that with <span lang= -"tl">mag-</span>, has the suffix <span lang="tl">(1) -an</span> with -the irregularities described in § <a href="#p334">334</a>. The -forms of the actual mode have also the infix <span lang= -"tl">-in-</span>: <span lang="tl">putúl-an, -pù-putúl-an, p-in-utúl-an, -p-in-ù-putúl-an</span>. The local passive denotes <i>the -thing affected as place in which</i> or <i>the person to whom</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a250.30" name="a250.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">Inabútan akò naŋ -ulàn.</span> <i>I was caught by the rain.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Agáhan mo aŋ iyo ŋ pagparíto.</span> -<i>Make early your coming here</i>, i. e. <i>Come <a id="a250.32" name= -"a250.32"></a>here early</i>. <span lang="tl">Pagkagupìt -naŋ áki ŋ buhòk ay inahítan nya -akò.</span> <a id="a250.33" name="a250.33"></a><i>When he had -cut my hair he shaved me.</i> <span lang="tl">Alisan mò naŋ -maŋa <a id="a250.34" name="a250.34"></a>tinìk aŋ -áki ŋ salawàl.</span> <i>Take the thorns out of my -trousers.</i> <span lang="tl">Inanyáhan <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>silà ni Hwàn na -magpasyàl.</span> <i>They were invited by Juan <a id="a250.36" -name="a250.36"></a>to go for a walk.</i> <span lang="tl">Arálan -mo aŋ maŋa Kapampáŋan.</span> <i>Teach morals -<a id="a250.37" name="a250.37"></a>to the Pampangas.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Asnan mò aŋ dáiŋ na -isdàʾ.</span> <i>Salt the fish <a id="a250.38" name= -"a250.38"></a>you lay open.</i> <span lang="tl">Aptan mò -naŋ páwid aŋ báhay.</span> <i>Roof the house -<a id="a250.39" name="a250.39"></a>with nipa-palm.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Awítan mo aŋ maŋa panaúhin.</span> <i>Sing -for the <a id="a250.40" name="a250.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>guests.</i> <span lang="tl">Bakúran mo -aŋ sagíŋan sa tabì naŋ ílog.</span> -<i>Fence in the banana-grove by the river.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Bakúran mo aŋ báhay.</span> <i>Put a fence -<a id="a250.42" name="a250.42"></a>round the house.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Binalitáan ko si Hwàn naŋ maŋa -naŋyári sa <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb251" href= -"#pb251" name="pb251">251</a>]</span><a id="a251.1" name= -"a251.1"></a>ákin sa labanàn.</span> <i>I related to Juan -my adventures in the war.</i> <a id="a251.2" name= -"a251.2"></a><span lang="tl">Bantayan mò aŋ -pálay.</span> <i>Guard the standing rice.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Basáhan mo <a id="a251.3" name="a251.3"></a>akò -naŋ maŋa kwènto.</span> <i>Read me some stories.</i> -<span lang="tl">Bigasan mò aŋ tinóla ŋ -manòk.</span> <i>Make the chicken-stew with rice.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Pédro aŋ <a id="a251.5" name= -"a251.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>binilhàn ko naŋ -kabáyo ŋ itò.</span> <i>It was Pedro I bought this -horse from.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa katapusàn ay kanya ŋ -nàpagkilála aŋ malaki ŋ paŋánib -<a id="a251.7" name="a251.7"></a>na kanya ŋ -biniŋítan.</span> <i>In the end he recognized the great -danger into which he had betaken himself.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Binuksàn ni Hwàn aŋ pintòʾ.</span> -<a id="a251.9" name="a251.9"></a><i>Juan opened the door.</i> -<span lang="tl">Dinaanàn naŋ trèn aŋ -báboy.</span> <i>The pig <span class="lineNum">10</span>was run -over by the train.</i> <span lang="tl">Dinaanàn ko si -Hwàn.</span> <i>I called for <a id="a251.11" name= -"a251.11"></a>Juan on the way (and took him with me).</i> <span lang= -"tl">Dalhàn mo naŋ túbig <a id="a251.12" name= -"a251.12"></a>aŋ kabáyo.</span> <i>Bring water to the -horse.</i> <span lang="tl">Dalian mò aŋ pagdadala <a id= -"a251.13" name="a251.13"></a>ríto naŋ librò.</span> -<i>Bring the book here soon.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pabása -sa bisíta <a id="a251.14" name="a251.14"></a>naŋ -San-Antònyo ay dinaluhàn naŋ marámi ŋ -táo.</span> <i>The reading <a id="a251.15" name= -"a251.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>at the chapel of San -Antonio was attended by many people.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Dinamíhan <a id="a251.16" name="a251.16"></a>nya aŋ -kinúha nya ŋ ságiŋ.</span> <i>He took many -bananas.</i> <span lang="tl">Dinamuhàn nyà aŋ -damúha ŋ malápit sa simbáhan.</span> <i>He -cut grass on <a id="a251.18" name="a251.18"></a>the pasture near the -church.</i> <span lang="tl">Dinapúan naŋ maŋa -íbon aŋ saŋà naŋ káhoy.</span> -<i>Birds alighted on the branch of the tree.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Dinatnàn <a id="a251.20" name="a251.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>kamì naŋ ulàn.</span> <i>We were -overtaken by the rain.</i> <span lang="tl">Diniláan nya <a id= -"a251.21" name="a251.21"></a>akò.</span> <i>She stuck out her -tongue at me</i> (<span lang="tl">aŋ dílaʾ</span> -<i>the tongue</i>); also: <a id="a251.22" name= -"a251.22"></a><span lang="tl">Diláan mo aŋ -mansánas.</span> <i>Lick the apple.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag -mò ŋ durúan naŋ karáyom aŋ -áki ŋ panyò.</span> <i>Don’t leave needles -sticking in my <a id="a251.24" name="a251.24"></a>handkerchief.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hagkan mò si Nánay.</span> <i>Kiss -Mother.</i> <span lang="tl">Hinalúan <a id="a251.25" name= -"a251.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ álak -aŋ gátas.</span> <i>Some wine was mixed into the milk.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hinampasàn ni Pédro aŋ mukhá -ni Hwàn.</span> <i>Pedro hit Juan in the face <a id="a251.27" -name="a251.27"></a>with a whip.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ daàn -ay hinaráŋan.</span> <i>The road was obstructed.</i> <a id= -"a251.28" name="a251.28"></a><span lang="tl">Hasáan mo aŋ -gúlok na itò.</span> <i>Sharpen this bolo.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hintuan mò aŋ <a id="a251.29" name= -"a251.29"></a>iyo ŋ pagsusugàl, Pédro, kuŋ -íbig mu ŋ yumáman ka.</span> <i>Put a stop <a id= -"a251.30" name="a251.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>to your -gambling, Pedro, if you want to get rich.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hinùhugásan niyà aŋ maŋa -piŋgàn parà sa maŋa babáye.</span> <i>He -is washing dishes <a id="a251.32" name="a251.32"></a>for the women.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hulíhan mo naŋ isdàʾ aŋ -palàisdáan.</span> <i>Catch fish <a id="a251.33" name= -"a251.33"></a>in the fish-pond.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -sampày na damìt ay hinípan naŋ haŋin, -kanyàʾ nahúlog sa lúpaʾ.</span> <i>The -clothes on the line were <span class="lineNum">35</span>blown by the -wind and fell to the ground.</i> <span lang="tl">Hinípan ko -aŋ píto.</span> <i>I blew the whistle.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hinípan ko aŋ apòy úpaŋ -palakihìn.</span> <i>I blew <a id="a251.37" name= -"a251.37"></a>on the fire to make it larger.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Inilágan nya aŋ simbáhan.</span> <i>He kept -away from the church.</i> <span lang="tl">... aŋ -kabáyo.</span> <i>He got out of the way <a id="a251.39" name= -"a251.39"></a>of the horse.</i> <span lang="tl">Inlagan mò -aŋ dumáratiŋ na tumátakbo ŋ -kabáyo.</span> <a id="a251.40" name="a251.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span><i>Get out of the way of the horse that is coming on -the run.</i> <span lang="tl">Itiman <a id="a251.41" name= -"a251.41"></a>mò aŋ lubòg naŋ -damìt.</span> <i>Make the dye of the garment black.</i> <a id= -"a251.42" name="a251.42"></a><span lang="tl">Inìiyakàn ni -Hwána aŋ kanya ŋ namatày na -kaybígan.</span> <i>Juana is <a id="a251.43" name= -"a251.43"></a>weeping over her dead friend.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag -mò ŋ kurutàn, Pédro, aŋ <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb252" href="#pb252" name= -"pb252">252</a>]</span><a id="a252.1" name="a252.1"></a>isdà -ŋ nása dúlaŋ.</span> <i>Don’t you take a -pinch from the fish on the table, Pedro.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag -mù ŋ labánan, Pédro, aŋ kapatid -mù ŋ matandàʾ.</span> <a id="a252.3" name= -"a252.3"></a><i>Don’t oppose your older brother, Pedro.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ landàs na <a id="a252.4" name= -"a252.4"></a>gawì ŋ kaliwàʾ ay aŋ iyo -ŋ lakáran.</span> <i>You must take the path which <a id= -"a252.5" name="a252.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>goes to the -left.</i> <span lang="tl">Lakasan mò aŋ túlak sa -baŋkàʾ.</span> <i>Push hard on <a id="a252.6" name= -"a252.6"></a>the boat.</i> <span lang="tl">Lakhan mò, -Hwàn, aŋ pirasúhin mo ŋ matamìs.</span> -<i>Break <a id="a252.7" name="a252.7"></a>off a big piece of the sugar, -Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Nilalíman nilà aŋ -húkay naŋ patày.</span> <i>The grave for the corpse -was made deep by them.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a252.9" name= -"a252.9"></a>bantày naŋ maŋa kanyòn ay -nilayásan aŋ kanya ŋ lugàr.</span> <i>The -<a id="a252.10" name="a252.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>guard -of the cannon deserted his post.</i> <span lang="tl">Ligsihan mò -aŋ pagílag sa <a id="a252.11" name= -"a252.11"></a>lugàr na iyàn.</span> <i>Get out of that -place quickly.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ -luksuhàn <a id="a252.12" name="a252.12"></a>aŋ tinìk -na iyàn.</span> <i>Don’t jump on that spine.</i> -<span lang="tl">Lulánan mo naŋ <a id="a252.13" name= -"a252.13"></a>maŋgà aŋ karitòn.</span> <i>Load -up the wagon with mangos.</i> <span lang="tl">Luluran <a id="a252.14" -name="a252.14"></a>mò si Pédro pagbababàg -ninyò.</span> <i>Kick Pedro in the shin when you <a id="a252.15" -name="a252.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>fight him.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nilusúŋan mo bà si -Pédro?</span> <i>Did you help Pedro?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Lutúan mo naŋ bigàs aŋ -manòk.</span> <i>Cook some rice in with the (already <a id= -"a252.17" name="a252.17"></a>cooked) chicken.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Masdan mò aŋ bwàn.</span> <i>Look at the -moon.</i> <span lang="tl">Minàmasdan kò aŋ maŋa -nagdádaa ŋ táo.</span> <i>I am looking at the people -<a id="a252.19" name="a252.19"></a>who pass by.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Minuráhan nya akò sa pagbibilì naŋ -talòŋ.</span> <i>He made <a id="a252.20" name= -"a252.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>me a low price on the -egg-plant.</i> <span lang="tl">Muráhan mo aŋ -pagbibilì naŋ <a id="a252.21" name= -"a252.21"></a>labanòs.</span> <i>Sell your large radishes -cheap.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ taŋgápan naŋ -maŋa <a id="a252.22" name="a252.22"></a>saŋlàʾ sa -báhay-saŋláan ni Pédro ay ninakáwan -kagabè.</span> <i>The receiving-place of pledges in -Pedro’s pawn-shop was robbed last night.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakáwan mo syà naŋ kanyà ŋ -salapèʾ.</span> <i>Rob him of his <a id="a252.25" name= -"a252.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>money.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sa pagbubunòʾ ni Hwàn at ni Pédro si -Pédro ay pinaahàn ni Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan caught -Pedro by the leg</i> (or: <i>hurt Pedro in the <a id="a252.27" name= -"a252.27"></a>leg</i>) <i>as they wrestled together</i>; but: -<span lang="tl">Pinaanan nyà aŋ kanya ŋ kapatìd -na natùtúlog.</span> <i>He lay down with his feet toward -his sleeping <a id="a252.29" name="a252.29"></a>brother.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ paanàn sa iyò -ŋ paghigàʾ aŋ kapatìd mo <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>ŋ natùtúlog.</span> <i>When you -go to bed don’t lie with your feet toward <a id="a252.31" name= -"a252.31"></a>your sleeping brother.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinanáwan sya naŋ pagiísip.</span> <i>He lost -his <a id="a252.32" name="a252.32"></a>mind.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Patayàn mo naŋ pitsòn aŋ -nilúgaw.</span> <i>Kill a pigeon for the <a id="a252.33" name= -"a252.33"></a>stew.</i> <span lang="tl">Patisan mò aŋ -<span class="corr" id="xd21e46137" title= -"Source: isda">isdàʾ</span> ŋ itò.</span> -<i>Put shrimp-sauce on this fish.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinayágan -<a id="a252.34" name="a252.34"></a>nya aŋ paraà ŋ -itò.</span> <i>He agreed to this plan.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pilikàn mu aŋ <a id="a252.35" name= -"a252.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>isdàʾ.</span> -<i>Cut the fins off the fish.</i> <span lang="tl">Pintahan mò -aŋ padèr na ytò.</span> <a id="a252.36" name= -"a252.36"></a><i>Paint this wall.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mò -ŋ pintasàn aŋ damìt na yàn.</span> -<i>Don’t <a id="a252.37" name="a252.37"></a>find fault with that -garment.</i> <span lang="tl">Pitasan mò naŋ -búŋa aŋ maŋgà.</span> <a id="a252.38" -name="a252.38"></a><i>Pick some fruits from the mango tree.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pinulútan nilà naŋ -manèʾ ay aŋ bakúran ni Hwána.</span> -<i>The place where they gathered <a id="a252.40" name= -"a252.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>peanuts was Juana’s -yard.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinùpunásan nya aŋ -sahìg.</span> <i>She is <a id="a252.41" name= -"a252.41"></a>scrubbing the floor.</i> <span lang="tl">Punan mò, -Pédro, naŋ isà ŋ salapèʾ aŋ -kwàlta ŋ ibinigày mo sa ákin.</span> <i>Add -half a dollar to the money you gave <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb253" href="#pb253" name="pb253">253</a>]</span><a id="a253.1" name= -"a253.1"></a>me, Pedro.</i> <span lang="tl">Putíkan mo aŋ -kanya ŋ salawàl.</span> <i>Put mud on his <a id="a253.2" -name="a253.2"></a>trousers.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinutúlan ko -naŋ usbòŋ aŋ maŋa kamóte.</span> <i>I -cut shoots <a id="a253.3" name="a253.3"></a>from the -sweet-potatoes.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinùputlan nyà -naŋ maŋa saŋà aŋ káhoy <a id="a253.4" -name="a253.4"></a>na nabwàl.</span> <i>He is cutting the -branches off the tree that was <a id="a253.5" name= -"a253.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>blown down.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Putúlan mo naŋ téŋa aŋ -áso.</span> <i>Cut the dog’s ears.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Putlan mò naŋ súŋay aŋ -kalabàw.</span> <i>Cut the horns of the <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e46260" title="Source: caribou">carabao</span>.</i> <a id="a253.7" -name="a253.7"></a><span lang="tl">Pùputúlan ko naŋ -súŋay aŋ usà.</span> <i>I shall cut off the -stag’s horns.</i> <a id="a253.8" name="a253.8"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pùputlàn dàw nya naŋ buntòt -aŋ áso.</span> <i>He says he will cut off the <a id= -"a253.9" name="a253.9"></a>dog’s tail.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sinakyàn námin aŋ baŋká ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>We rode in <a id="a253.10" name= -"a253.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>Juan’s canoe.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sakyan mò aŋ baŋka ŋ -itò.</span> <i>Get into this canoe.</i> <a id="a253.11" name= -"a253.11"></a><span lang="tl">Hwag mù ŋ saláhan -aŋ iyo ŋ maŋà pagpások sa -eskwèlhan.</span> <i>Don’t <a id="a253.12" name= -"a253.12"></a>skip going to school</i>, <i>Don’t play hookey</i>; -but: <span lang="tl">Sinaŋlan nyà aŋ -siŋsìŋ.</span> <i>He missed the ring</i> (in the -<i lang="es">juego de anillo</i>). <span lang="tl">Hwag mù -ŋ <a id="a253.14" name="a253.14"></a>saŋlàn aŋ -usà.</span> <i>Don’t fail to hit the stag.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Samáhan mo si Pédro.</span> <a id="a253.15" name= -"a253.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><i>Go with Pedro.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sayawan mò kamì, Hwána.</span> -<i>Dance for us, Juana.</i> <a id="a253.16" name= -"a253.16"></a><span lang="tl">Sinigawàn naŋ -páreʾ aŋ kanyà ŋ munisilyò.</span> -<i>The priest yelled at <a id="a253.17" name="a253.17"></a>his -sacristan.</i> <span lang="tl">Sinikáran naŋ kabáyo -aŋ karumáta.</span> <i>The horse kicked at the -carriage.</i> <span lang="tl">Siglan mò naŋ álak -aŋ bóte.</span> <i>Fill the bottle <a id="a253.19" name= -"a253.19"></a>with wine.</i> <span lang="tl">Untì-untí mo -ŋ subúan aŋ pitsòn.</span> <i>Feed the squabs -<a id="a253.20" name="a253.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>little by little.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sinugátan sya ni Pédro.</span> <i>He was wounded by -<a id="a253.21" name="a253.21"></a>Pedro.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sinukláyan nya aŋ kanya ŋ anàk.</span> -<i>She combed her child’s <a id="a253.22" name= -"a253.22"></a>hair.</i> <span lang="tl">Sulátan mo si -Pédro.</span> <i>Write to Pedro.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tinabúnan na ni <a id="a253.23" name= -"a253.23"></a>Pédro aŋ húkay.</span> <i>Pedro has -already filled up the hole.</i> <span lang="tl">Tagalan <a id="a253.24" -name="a253.24"></a>mò aŋ pagkábitbit naŋ -tablà.</span> <i>Keep holding the board that way.</i> -<span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang="tl">Tagalan mò -aŋ pagtitira díto sa ámin.</span> <i>Stay here with -us a long <a id="a253.26" name="a253.26"></a>time.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tagpian mò aŋ báro ŋ itò.</span> -<i>Mend this shirt.</i> <span lang="tl">Tagpuan mò <a id= -"a253.27" name="a253.27"></a>naŋ iba ŋ káyo aŋ -kaluwáŋan naŋ sáya.</span> <i>Fill out</i> -(literally: <i>cause <a id="a253.28" name="a253.28"></a>to meet</i>) -<i>the width of the skirt with other cloth</i>. <span lang="tl">Tamnan -mò naŋ maŋa púno-ŋ-nyòg aŋ -bakúran.</span> <i>Plant the yard with cocoanut <a id="a253.30" -name="a253.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>trees.</i> -<span lang="tl">Tinanúran nya aŋ báhay sa boò -ŋ magdamàg.</span> <i>He guarded <a id="a253.31" name= -"a253.31"></a>the house all night.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mù -ŋ taŋgapàn naŋ úpa aŋ kaybígan -ko ŋ iháhatid mò sa estasyòn naŋ -trèn, sapagkàt akò aŋ ùúpa sa -iyò.</span> <i>Don’t take any fare from my friend whom you -will bring to <a id="a253.34" name="a253.34"></a>the railroad station, -for I shall pay you.</i> <span lang="tl">Tapunan mò aŋ -bóte.</span> <span class="lineNum">35</span><i>Cork up the -bottle.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ tawánan si -Hwàn.</span> <i>Don’t laugh <a id="a253.36" name= -"a253.36"></a>at Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Tawágan mo si -Bathálaʾ</span>. <i>Call on the Lord.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tinayuan <a id="a253.37" name="a253.37"></a>nyà naŋ -kamálig aŋ bakúran.</span> <i>He erected a granary -in his yard.</i> <a id="a253.38" name="a253.38"></a><span lang= -"tl">Tigasan mò aŋ lúto naŋ -halayà.</span> <i>Cook the jelly hard.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Tinirhàn <a id="a253.39" name="a253.39"></a>nya akò -naŋ tinápay.</span> <i>He left some bread for me.</i> -<span lang="tl">Tirhàn mo akò <a id="a253.40" name= -"a253.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>naŋ -inúyat.</span> <i>Leave me some molasses</i>; but: <span lang= -"tl">Hwag mò ŋ tirahàn aŋ báhay na -iyàn.</span> <i>Don’t live in that house.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ báhay na iyòn ay <a id="a253.42" name= -"a253.42"></a>aŋ kanya ŋ tinìtirahàn.</span> -<i>That house over there is where he lives.</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb254" href="#pb254" name= -"pb254">254</a>]</span><a id="a254.1" name="a254.1"></a><span lang= -"tl">Tinulínan nya aŋ paglákad.</span> <i>He hurried -his pace.</i> <span lang="tl">Tulísan mo aŋ <a id="a254.2" -name="a254.2"></a>tasà naŋ lápis.</span> <i>Sharpen -the point of the pencil.</i> <span lang="tl">Untian mò, -Pédro, aŋ ibíbigay mò ŋ damò sa -kabáyo.</span> <i>Give the horse less grass, <a id="a254.4" -name="a254.4"></a>Pedro.</i> <span lang="tl">Ùupàn -naŋ maŋa panaúhin aŋ maŋa baŋkù -ŋ itò.</span> <i>The <a id="a254.5" name= -"a254.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>guests will sit on these -benches.</i> <span lang="tl">Orásan mo aŋ iyo ŋ -pagkáin.</span> <a id="a254.6" name="a254.6"></a><i>Have -<span class="corr" id="xd21e46609" title="Source: you">your</span> -meals at stated times.</i> <span lang="tl">Utáŋan mo -naŋ salapí si Pédro.</span> <a id="a254.7" name= -"a254.7"></a><i>Borrow money from Pedro.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Oóhan mo aŋ tanòŋ.</span> <i>Answer the -<a id="a254.8" name="a254.8"></a>question in the affirmative.</i> -<span lang="tl">Niwàwalisàn niyà aŋ -sahìg.</span> <i>She is sweeping the floor.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>Other roots: <span lang= -"tl">akmàʾ, ámot, apòy, balàt, -báyaʾ, báyad, bigày, bendisiyòn, -búti, dagán, retráto, gámit, -gawàʾ, gupìt, halimhìm, hatìd, -háwak, higàʾ, hitsà, húkay, -húlog, íŋat, kamìt, kantà, -labàs, lagày, láloʾ, lápit, -lígaw, ligtàs, limòs, mulàʾ, -pagakpàk, palìt, panhìk, pások, -prubà, puntà, putòk, sabày, sáboy, -sagásaʾ, sákit, salákay, <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>silakbò, subò, súbok, -sunòd, suŋgàb, soòt, táliʾ, -támaʾ, táŋaʾ, táŋan, -tíbay, tibàʾ, tiŋìn, túboʾ, -tugtòg, túlad, túlog, túloŋ, -tuŋtóŋ, umpisà, úpa, útos, -wisìk</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a254.18" name="a254.18"></a>(a) From derived -words: <span lang="tl">Sya y tinagilíran ni Pédro.</span> -<i>Pedro <a id="a254.19" name="a254.19"></a>hit him in the side</i> -(<span lang="tl">ta-gílid</span>, § <a href= -"#p523">523</a>), but: <span lang="tl">Tinaligdàn ni Hwàn -si <a id="a254.20" name="a254.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>Pédro pagdadaàn nitò sa kanya -ŋ harapàn.</span> <i>Juan turned away <a id="a254.21" name= -"a254.21"></a>from Pedro when the latter came before him.</i> -<span lang="tl">Tinalikdàn ni Hwàn si -Pédro.</span> <i>Juan turned his back on Pedro</i> (<span lang= -"tl">talíkod</span>, § <a href="#p523">523</a>).</p> -<p id="p374b" class="par">(b) Irregularly without accent shift before -the suffix: <span lang="tl">Áki ŋ <a id="a254.24" name= -"a254.24"></a>binitáwan</span> (or: <span lang= -"tl">binitíwan</span>) <span lang="tl">aŋ -bóte.</span> <i>I let go my hold on the bottle.</i> <a id= -"a254.25" name="a254.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">Bitíwan mo aŋ lúbid.</span> <i>Let go of the -rope.</i> <span lang="tl">Dinaánan siyà naŋ isa -<a id="a254.26" name="a254.26"></a>ŋ silakbò naŋ -gálit.</span> <i>A fit of anger came upon him.</i> <span lang= -"tl">... naŋ isa <a id="a254.27" name="a254.27"></a>ŋ -masamà ŋ pagiísip.</span> <i>An evil thought came to -him.</i> <span lang="tl">Dinàdaánan sya naŋ isa -ŋ malakì ŋ kaluŋkútan.</span> <i>A great -grief is upon him.</i> <a id="a254.29" name="a254.29"></a><span lang= -"tl">... naŋ pagkaulòl.</span> <i>He is under an attack of -madness.</i> Cf. <span lang="tl">daanàn</span>, <a id="a254.30" -name="a254.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>above. <span lang= -"tl">Minatáan naŋ bágo ŋ táo aŋ -aswàŋ.</span> <i>The young man <a id="a254.31" name= -"a254.31"></a>looked round for the vampire.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Matáan mo aŋ magnanákaw.</span> <i>Keep an eye -open for the thief.</i> So from: <span lang= -"tl">sèrmon</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(c) From root with accent shift (so that the total shift -is two <a id="a254.34" name="a254.34"></a>syllables): <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ utusàn naŋ kapitàn ay tinamaàn -naŋ bála.</span> <i>The <a id="a254.35" name= -"a254.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>captain’s orderly -was hit by a bullet.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ lulòd ni -Pédro ay tinamaàn <a id="a254.36" name= -"a254.36"></a>naŋ bála.</span> <i>Pedro got shot in the -shin.</i> <span lang="tl">Tinamaàn naŋ kulòg <a id= -"a254.37" name="a254.37"></a>(naŋ lintìk) aŋ isa -ŋ púnu-ŋ-maŋgà.</span> <i>A mango tree was -struck by the thunder (by lightning).</i> <span lang="tl">Tamaàn -ka naŋ lintìk!</span> <i>May the lightning strike you!</i> -(curse.)</p> -<p id="p375" class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span><b>375.</b> The -local passive is formed from the root with <span lang="tl">pag-</span> -when it corresponds to an active in which <span lang="tl">mag-</span> -is contrasted with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> (§ <a href= -"#p351">351</a>) or when the local relation, especially of <i>person -for whom</i>, is highly explicit: <span lang="tl">pag-putúl-an, -pag-pù-putúl-an, p-in-ag-putúl-an, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb255" href="#pb255" name= -"pb255">255</a>]</span>p-in-ag-pù-putúl-an</span>. -Examples: <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagsakày sa kabáyo -<a id="a255.2" name="a255.2"></a>ay hindí magaà ŋ -pagarálan kuŋ salbáhe aŋ kabáyo.</span> -<i>Riding <a id="a255.3" name="a255.3"></a>horseback is not easy to -learn if the horse is unruly.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí -káya <a id="a255.4" name="a255.4"></a>ni Hwàn aŋ -kanya ŋ pinagàarálan.</span> <i>Juan’s studies -are too hard <a id="a255.5" name="a255.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>for him.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pagbàbalikàn kità.</span> <i>I will come back -to you.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagbalikàn <a id="a255.6" name= -"a255.6"></a>mo akò.</span> <i>Come back to me.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ útaŋ ni Maryà ay pinagbayáran -naŋ kanya ŋ kapatìd na babáye.</span> -<i>Maria’s debt was paid off by her <a id="a255.8" name= -"a255.8"></a>sister.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ áki ŋ -kapatìd na laláki aŋ pinagbilhàn ko nito -ŋ báhay.</span> <i>I sold this house to my brother.</i> -<span lang="tl">Napatìd aŋ lúbid na kanya <a id= -"a255.10" name="a255.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>ŋ -pinagbìbiyabúhan.</span> <i>The rope on which he was -swinging broke.</i> <a id="a255.11" name="a255.11"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pinagharáŋan kina Hwàn ay isa ŋ -lugàr na malápit sa maŋgáhan sa -daà-ŋ-Balíwag.</span> <i>The place where Juan and -his company were held up was a spot near the mango-grove on the Baliuag -road.</i> <a id="a255.14" name="a255.14"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pagharían mo ŋ mabúte aŋ pulò -ŋ itò.</span> <i>Rule righteously over this <a id="a255.15" -name="a255.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>island.</i> -<span lang="tl">Paghasáan mo naŋ maŋa -paŋáhit aŋ hasaà ŋ itò.</span> -<i>Use this <a id="a255.16" name="a255.16"></a>whetstone to sharpen -razors on.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pinaghatdan kò naŋ -gátas ay maláyoʾ.</span> <i>The place to which I -delivered the milk was a long way <a id="a255.18" name= -"a255.18"></a>off.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa pasíga ŋ -itò y walà ŋ lugàr na -pinaghùhubaràn naŋ damìt.</span> <a id= -"a255.19" name="a255.19"></a><i>At this beach there is no place for -undressing.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ pinagibhàn</span> <i>the -<a id="a255.20" name="a255.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>point -of difference</i>, <i>the difference</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Pagiŋátan mo ŋ dalhìn aŋ túbo -ŋ <a id="a255.21" name="a255.21"></a>kristàl na -iyàn, sapagkàt baká -magkàputòl-putòl iyàn kuŋ hindí -ka maíŋat naŋ pagdadalà.</span> <i>Carry that -glass tube carefully, because it might get smashed if you are not -careful about the carrying it.</i> <a id="a255.24" name= -"a255.24"></a><span lang="tl">Pinagkabyawàn nilà aŋ -lugàr na itò.</span> <i>This place is where they <a id= -"a255.25" name="a255.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>pressed -sugar-cane.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pinagkàkabyawàn -námin ay isa ŋ lugàr na mataàs káy sa -tubúhan.</span> <i>The place where we press sugar-cane is <a id= -"a255.27" name="a255.27"></a>a place higher than the cane-field.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pagkabyawàn ninyò naŋ tubò -<a id="a255.28" name="a255.28"></a>aŋ bágo ŋ -kabyáwan.</span> <i>Press the cane in the new press.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pagkàbyawàn nilà aŋ -bágo ŋ tayò ŋ kabyáwan.</span> <i>They -will press sugar-cane <a id="a255.30" name="a255.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>in the newly-erected press.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ hwátaw aŋ sya mò ŋ -pagkánan.</span> <a id="a255.31" name="a255.31"></a><i>The -Chinese bowl is what you are to eat from.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Pédro aŋ pinagkúnan naŋ maŋa -kasaŋkápa ŋ itò.</span> <i>Pedro is the one -from whom <a id="a255.33" name="a255.33"></a>we got these tools.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Migèl aŋ pinagkùkúnan nya -naŋ kwàlta ŋ <a id="a255.34" name= -"a255.34"></a>paŋbilè naŋ kalabàw.</span> -<i>Miguel is the one from whom he gets money <a id="a255.35" name= -"a255.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>to buy <span class="corr" -id="xd21e47082" title="Source: caribou">carabao</span>.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkúnan mo naŋ pálay ay aŋ -sáko ŋ may kúlaŋ.</span> <i>The place for you -to take rice is the sack that is already <a id="a255.37" name= -"a255.37"></a>broken.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ -paglaruwàn, Hwàn, aŋ kutìŋ, -sapagkàt baká <a id="a255.38" name="a255.38"></a>mo -iyàn màbúlag.</span> <i>Don’t play with the -kitten, Juan, for you might inadvertently blind it.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Paglarwan mò aŋ bóla.</span> <i>Play (with the) -<a id="a255.40" name="a255.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>ball.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kutìŋ -ay nàbálot sa pinaglàlaruwàn nya ŋ -damìt.</span> <i>The kitten got wrapped up in the piece of cloth -with which it was <a id="a255.42" name="a255.42"></a>playing.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pagmasdan mò aŋ bwàn.</span> <i>Look -carefully at the moon.</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb256" href= -"#pb256" name="pb256">256</a>]</span><a id="a256.1" name= -"a256.1"></a><span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ pagputúlan -naŋ ano màn aŋ saŋkála ŋ -iyàn.</span> <i>Don’t cut anything on that -cutting-block.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinagsalitaàn ni Hwàn -aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa báta ŋ -kapatìd.</span> <i>Juan gave his little brothers a -talking-to.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>Similarly: <span lang= -"tl">bintàŋ, daàn, daràs, dasàl, -hátiʾ, hinálaʾ, katàm, kublì, -patày, pílit, sábi, silbì, sísi, -tagpòʾ, tipàn, úsap</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a256.7" name="a256.7"></a>(a) From a phrase: -<span lang="tl">pinagsa-ulàn (sa ulèʾ)</span>.</p> -<p id="p375b" class="par"><a id="a256.8" name="a256.8"></a>(b) From a -derived word: <span lang="tl">Maŋà -pinagpìpìtagánan ko ŋ ginoò!</span> -<i>Respected sirs</i>, <i>Dear sirs</i> (in oral or written -address).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a256.10" name="a256.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>(c) Irregularly without accent shift: <span lang= -"tl">pinagdaánan (daàn)</span>, cf. § <a href= -"#p374b">374,b</a>.</p> -<p class="par">(d) With extra accent shift, corresponding to active -with <a id="a256.13" name="a256.13"></a><span lang="tl">mag- -(1)</span>: <span lang="tl">Pagputulàn mo, Hwàn, naŋ -maŋa usbòŋ aŋ kalabása.</span> <i>Cut a -bundle of shoots from the pumpkin, Juan.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>As <span lang= -"tl">bitìw</span> lacks the accent shift before <span lang= -"tl">-an</span> (§ <a href="#p374b">374,b</a>), the form <a id= -"a256.16" name="a256.16"></a>with <span lang="tl">pag-</span> and shift -of one syllable belongs here: <span lang="tl">Pinagbitiwan nyà -aŋ maŋa manùk na kanya ŋ -táŋan.</span> <i>She let go of all the chickens she was -holding.</i></p> -<p class="par">(e) With reduplication of the root, corresponding to the -<a id="a256.20" name="a256.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>active with <span lang="tl">mag- r</span> (§ -<a href="#p354">354</a>): <span lang="tl">pinagsisiglàn -(silìd)</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(f) With both extra accent shift and reduplication, -corresponding <a id="a256.22" name="a256.22"></a>to § <a href= -"#p355">355</a>: <span lang="tl">Pinagdàdadagukàn nya -aŋ maŋa kaáway niyà.</span> <a id="a256.23" -name="a256.23"></a><i>He was dealing blows to his enemies right and -left</i> (<span lang="tl">dágok</span> <i>a blow with the -fist</i>).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>(g) From doubled root -(cf. the active, § <a href="#p356">356</a>): <span lang= -"tl">pinagtùtulùŋ-tulúŋan -(túloŋ)</span>.</p> -<p id="p376" class="par"><b>376.</b> The local passive with <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-</span> corresponds to actives with <span lang= -"tl">maŋ-</span>: <span lang="tl">pa-mutúl-an, -pa-mù-mutúl-an, p-in-a-mutúl-an, -p-in-a-mù-mutúl-an</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a256.30" name="a256.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">Saàn aŋ -pinaŋgalíŋan mo?—Aŋ -pinaŋgalíŋan ko ay an -báya-ŋ-Maynílaʾ.</span> <i>Where have you come -from?</i>—<i>I come from Manila.</i> <a id="a256.32" name= -"a256.32"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa pinítak na -kadátig naŋ sápaʾ ay sya nyà ŋ -pinaŋgágapásan</span> <a id="a256.33" name= -"a256.33"></a>(or: <span lang="tl">sya nyà ŋ -pinamùmutúlan naŋ pálay</span>). <i>The -sections of the rice-field bordering on the ditch are the ones he is -cutting rice <a id="a256.35" name="a256.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>from.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinaŋitlugàn -naŋ manòk aŋ kahò ŋ itò.</span> -<i>The hen laid its <a id="a256.36" name="a256.36"></a>eggs in this -box.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ pamitasàn -naŋ búŋa aŋ átis na nása -tabì naŋ balòn.</span> <i>Don’t pick the -fruits from the atis tree by the <a id="a256.38" name= -"a256.38"></a>side of the well.</i> <span lang="tl">Siya kò -ŋ pamìmitasàn naŋ búŋa aŋ -byábas na nása gitná naŋ -bakúran.</span> <i>I shall pick fruits from the guava tree -<a id="a256.40" name="a256.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>in -the middle of the yard.</i> <span lang="tl">Ali ŋ lugàr -aŋ iyo ŋ pinamutúlan naŋ <a id="a256.41" name= -"a256.41"></a>damò?</span> <i>Which place did you cut grass -from?</i> <span lang="tl">Sinundó ni Pédro <a id= -"a256.42" name="a256.42"></a>aŋ kapatìd na babáye sa -báhay na pinanànahían.</span> <i>Pedro fetched -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb257" href="#pb257" name= -"pb257">257</a>]</span>his sister from the house where she was working -as seamstress.</i> So also from: <span lang="tl">tálo, -tiwálaʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(a) With <span lang="tl">paŋ-hin-</span> the local -passive corresponds to the active with <span lang= -"tl">maŋ-hin-</span> (§ <a href="#p357b">357,b</a>); the -reduplication affects the <span lang="tl">hin-</span> which, -<span class="lineNum">5</span>theoretically, we may regard as part of -the underlying word. <a id="a257.6" name="a257.6"></a><span lang= -"tl">“Magáral ka ŋ mabúti at -paŋhinayáŋan mo aŋ mahalagà ŋ -panahòn,” sinábi ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ -anàk.</span> <i>“Study hard and take account of the -precious time,” said Juan to his son.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Káylan pa kayá -paŋhìhinayáŋan naŋ maŋa táo -aŋ maŋa áni ŋ taòn-taò y -nàsìsírà <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>naŋ luktòn o naŋ -túyot?</span> <i>When will the people at last regret the -harvests that are every year destroyed by locusts or by drought?</i> -<a id="a257.12" name="a257.12"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pinaŋhinayáŋan nilà aŋ nálubog -na baŋkàʾ.</span> <i>They were sorry <a id="a257.13" -name="a257.13"></a>about the canoe that had sunk.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinaŋhìhinayáŋan námin aŋ -marámi <a id="a257.14" name="a257.14"></a>ŋ búhay na -ginúgol naŋ báyan sa pagtataŋgòl sa -katwíran.</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>We regret the -many lives lost by the country in the defense of its rights.</i> -(<span lang="tl">sáyaŋ</span>); similarly from <span lang= -"tl">gantì: paŋhigantihàn</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.1.b.10"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(10)</span> Special static -words.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p377" class="par first"><b>377.</b> With <span lang="tl">S --an</span> special static words are formed from oxytone roots, without -the irregularities described in § <a href="#p334">334</a>. In -meaning <span class="lineNum">20</span>they fall into two types, which, -however, are not always clearly distinct.</p> -<p id="p377a" class="par">(a) They express <i>an action by two or more -actors</i>, a kind of <a id="a257.23" name="a257.23"></a>plural of root -words of the type described at § <a href="#p341.3a">341,3,a</a>. -<span lang="tl">Aŋ àlísan naŋ maŋa -aluwáge ay sa lúnes naŋ hápon.</span> <i>The -leaving of the carpenters <a id="a257.25" name= -"a257.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>is fixed for Monday -afternoon.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ ìnúman</span> <i>a -drinking <a id="a257.26" name="a257.26"></a>party</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ìyákan naŋ maŋa bátaʾ -ay nárinig ko sa kalsáda.</span> <i>I <a id="a257.27" -name="a257.27"></a>heard on the street the crying of the children.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kàlabúgan naŋ <a id= -"a257.28" name="a257.28"></a>maŋa nalaglàg na nyòg -dahilàn sa malakàs na háŋin ay nárinig -haŋgàŋ sa maláyo ŋ lugàr.</span> -<i>The thud of the cocoanuts that were <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>thrown down by the strong wind was audible for some -distance <a id="a257.31" name="a257.31"></a>away.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kàlasíŋan naŋ maŋa -kwaltà ŋ laglàg sa bulsà ni Hwàn -<a id="a257.32" name="a257.32"></a>ay sya ŋ -nakàgísiŋ kay Pédro.</span> <i>The rattling -of the coins falling from Juan’s purse was what woke Pedro -up.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kantáhan naŋ maŋa -íbon ay ginágawà nila kuŋ -umága.</span> <i>The birds sing together <a id="a257.35" name= -"a257.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>in the morning.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kùrútan nilà sa -nilúto ko ŋ isdàʾ ay lubhà ŋ -madalàs.</span> <i>They often pinched pieces out of the fish I -had cooked.</i> <a id="a257.37" name="a257.37"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ litsúnan nila Hwàn ay hindí -nátulòy.</span> <i>The barbecue of Juan <a id="a257.38" -name="a257.38"></a>and his friends did not come off.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ luksúhan naŋ maŋa luktòn ay -totoò ŋ maiiklèʾ.</span> <i>The leaps of the -small grasshoppers are very <a id="a257.40" name= -"a257.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>short.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pàgakpákan naŋ maŋa táo -pagkaraàn naŋ talumpáteʾ ay lubhà ŋ -mahábaʾ.</span> <i>The applause of the people after the -speech <a id="a257.42" name="a257.42"></a>was very long.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pintásan ni Hwána at ni -Maryà ay parého ŋ hindí totoò.</span> -<i>The criticisms of Juana and Maria make of each other <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb258" href="#pb258" name= -"pb258">258</a>]</span><a id="a258.1" name="a258.1"></a>are equally -untrue.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanyà ŋ maŋa -lalagyàn naŋ tubaʾ ay pùnúa ŋ -lahàt.</span> <i>His containers for the sap are all full.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kanila <a id="a258.3" name="a258.3"></a>ŋ -sàkáyan sa trèn ay sa liŋgò naŋ -umága.</span> <i>They are all to take the <a id="a258.4" name= -"a258.4"></a>train Sunday morning.</i> <span lang="tl">Naparoòn -akò kagabè sa isa ŋ sàyáwan.</span> -<a id="a258.5" name="a258.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span><i>I -went to a dance last night.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -sìgáwan naŋ maŋa bátaʾ sa -kalsáda ay nakabíbiŋì.</span> <i>The shouting -of the children on the street is <a id="a258.7" name= -"a258.7"></a>deafening.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -tàhúlan naŋ maŋa áso</span> <i>the -baying together of the <a id="a258.8" name="a258.8"></a>dogs</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ tàyáan</span> <i>a staking</i>, -<i>a putting up of stakes</i> (<span lang="tl">aŋ -tayàʾ</span> <i>a stake <a id="a258.9" name="a258.9"></a>in -a bet or game</i>). <span lang="tl">Nárinig sa isa ŋ -ùpúan naŋ maŋa Intsèk aŋ -<span class="lineNum">10</span>kwènto ŋ itò.</span> -<i>This story was heard in a gathering of Chinamen.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly, from: <span lang="tl">kaluskòs, -patày, pustà, putàk, salitàʾ, -sugàl, takbò, tipàn, tugtòg, -umpòk</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a258.13" name="a258.13"></a>From derived word: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ hìmagsíkan sa Filipínas ay -natápus nà.</span> <i>The fighting in the Philippines is -over.</i> (as though from a form <span class= -"lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">-himagsìk</span>, see § -<a href="#p518">518</a>).</p> -<p class="par">This formation underlies further derivatives, see -§§ <a href="#p352d">352,d</a>. 357,a.</p> -<p id="p377b" class="par">(b) The other meaning of the formation -<span lang="tl">S -an</span> is that of an object viewed, rather -explicitly (cf. § <a href="#p380">380</a>), as <i>the scene of -plural <span class="lineNum">20</span>action</i> or <i>the place of -things</i>. So: <span lang="tl">aŋ bìgásan</span> -<i>the place where hulled rice is made</i>, <i>threshing floor for -rice</i>, <i>rice-mill</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn <a id= -"a258.22" name="a258.22"></a>aŋ bìgáyan nilà -naŋ kanilà ŋ maŋa ninákaw na -aláhas.</span> <i>Juan is the one to whom they give the jewelry -they have stolen.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ bìlangúan -<a id="a258.24" name="a258.24"></a><i>a prison</i> (aŋ -bilaŋgòʾ</span> <i>a prisoner</i>). <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kanila ŋ bìlíhan naŋ pálay -<span class="lineNum">25</span>ay sa kamálig ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>The place where they buy rice is in <a id= -"a258.26" name="a258.26"></a>Juan’s storehouse.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ dàánan naŋ maŋa sundálo ay -aŋ landàs na <a id="a258.27" name= -"a258.27"></a>itò.</span> <i>The usual route of the soldiers is -this path.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ hampásan</span> <i>the -<a id="a258.28" name="a258.28"></a>whipping-bench</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ maŋa magkakápit-báhay na si -Andrès, Kulàs, <a id="a258.29" name="a258.29"></a>at -Pédro ay nagtàtálo tuŋkùl sa -kaní-kanilà ŋ haŋgáhan naŋ -bakúran.</span> <span class="lineNum">30</span><i>The neighbors -Andrés, Nicolás, and Pedro are disputing about <a id= -"a258.31" name="a258.31"></a>the boundaries of their grounds.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sa pagítan naŋ -báya-ŋ-Balíwag <a id="a258.32" name="a258.32"></a>at -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl ay máy-roo ŋ isa -lámaŋ na hintúan <span class="corr" id="xd21e47850" -title="Source: an">aŋ</span> maŋa naglálakad.</span> -<i>Pedestrians have only one stopping-place between the <a id="a258.34" -name="a258.34"></a>towns of Baliuag and San Miguel.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Si Pédro ay sya ŋ hìráman naŋ -<span class="lineNum">35</span>salapìʾ naŋ maŋa -táo sa báyan.</span> <i>Pedro is the one from whom the -<a id="a258.36" name="a258.36"></a>people in the town borrow money.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ huŋkúyan</span> <i>a machine for -fanning the pounded rice</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ isa ŋ -taburéte lámaŋ aŋ ginawá <a id="a258.38" -name="a258.38"></a>nila ŋ làgáyan naŋ kanila -ŋ maŋa sombréro, sapagkàt aŋ -sabitàn ay punú nà.</span> <i>A chair was all they -had to lay their hats on, for the <a id="a258.40" name= -"a258.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>hat-rack was already -full.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ làŋúyan sa -ílog ay bumábaw.</span> <i>The swimming-place in the -river grew shallow.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -làrúan</span> <i>the playground</i>. <a id="a258.42" -name="a258.42"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ lìbáŋan -sa maŋa bátaʾ sa maŋa bapòr na -naglálayag <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb259" href="#pb259" -name="pb259">259</a>]</span><a id="a259.1" name="a259.1"></a>sa -dágat naŋ Pasífiko ay lubhà ŋ -malilínis na lugàr.</span> <i>The play-rooms for children -on the steamers that ply on the Pacific Ocean <a id="a259.3" name= -"a259.3"></a>are very neat places.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -nyúgan</span> <i>a cocoanut grove</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pàtáyan <a id="a259.4" name="a259.4"></a>naŋ -bábuy ay nasúnog.</span> <i>The pork slaughter-house -burned down.</i> <a id="a259.5" name="a259.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">aŋ pàtísan</span> -<i>a factory for shrimp-sauce</i> (<span lang="tl">patìs</span>, -made of the small <a id="a259.6" name="a259.6"></a>shrimp called -<span lang="tl">hípon</span>). <span lang="tl">Aŋ -báro ŋ punìt-punìt ay sya nyà ŋ -ginawà <a id="a259.7" name="a259.7"></a>ŋ tagpían -naŋ maŋa retáso.</span> <i>She sewed the patches all -on to the ragged blouse.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanila ŋ -tagpúan ay aŋ daà-ŋ-Balíwag.</span> -<i>Their <a id="a259.9" name="a259.9"></a>meeting-place is the Baliuag -road.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ tanyágan</span> <i>an -exhibition</i>, <i>exposition</i>. <a id="a259.10" name= -"a259.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span><span lang="tl">aŋ -timbáŋan</span> <i>a pair of scales</i>. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ tindáhan</span> <i>a shop</i>, <i>store</i> <a id= -"a259.11" name="a259.11"></a>(<span lang="tl">aŋ -tindà</span> <i>the goods for sale in a store</i>).</p> -<p class="par">Similarly, from: <span lang="tl">aklàt, -bantày, bigtì, biniyàg, bukàs, -buntòt, dasàl, gawàʾ, hagdàn, -higàʾ, hukòm, kabiyàw, kublì, -kulòŋ, libìŋ, luksò, maŋgà, -pintà, pintò, pitàg, punlàʾ, -sampày, saŋlàʾ, simbà, <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>sahàn, taŋgàp, -taraŋkà, tirà, upòʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a259.16" name="a259.16"></a>A very few show -irregularities: <span lang="tl">eskwèl-han, paá-nan, -tòto-hánan</span> <a id="a259.17" name= -"a259.17"></a><i>the truth</i> (<span lang="tl">totoò</span>); -the secondary accent is lacking in <span lang="tl">damú-han, -<a id="a259.18" name="a259.18"></a>tubú-han</span>; irregular in -<span lang="tl">kumpìsál-an</span>.</p> -<p class="par">From a compound word: <span lang= -"tl">úbus-làkásan</span> (<span lang= -"tl">úbos-lakàs</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a259.20" name="a259.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>From a phrase: <span lang= -"tl">sà-lawáhan</span> <i>changeable</i>, <i>fickle</i>, -as though from <span lang="tl">sa lawà</span>; for the latter -see § <a href="#p345">345</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a259.22" name="a259.22"></a>From derived words: -<span lang="tl">aŋ ìnumínan</span> <i>place for -drinking-water</i>, <i>water-shelf</i> (<span lang= -"tl">inum-ìn</span>, § <a href="#p367a">367,a</a>); -<span lang="tl">aŋ sìlaŋán-an</span> <i>the -east</i> (<span lang="tl">silaŋ-àn</span>, § <a href= -"#p379">379</a>.</p> -<p id="p378" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>378.</b> The -formation <span lang="tl">(1) S -an</span> is made from barytone roots -and corresponds in meaning to (a) in the preceding type; the suffix is -added as a rule without irregularity.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a259.28" name="a259.28"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ìbígan ni Maryà at ni Hwàn ay -natápus sa pagtatampúhan.</span> <i>The love-affair of -Maria and Juan ended through their contrariness.</i> <a id="a259.30" -name="a259.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ làyásan naŋ maŋa sundálo ay -hindí maampàt naŋ kanila ŋ maŋa -pinúnoʾ.</span> <i>The deserting of the soldiers could not -be <a id="a259.32" name="a259.32"></a>stopped by their officers.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sa miyèrkules aŋ lùlánan -nilà sa trèn.</span> <a id="a259.33" name= -"a259.33"></a><i>On Wednesday they are to embark on the train.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pùlútan nilà <a id= -"a259.34" name="a259.34"></a>naŋ kwaltà ay -náhintòʾ naŋ márinig nilà aŋ -putòk.</span> <i>Their scrambling <a id="a259.35" name= -"a259.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>for money ceased when they -heard the crash.</i> <span class="corr" id="xd21e48171" title= -"Not in source"><span lang="tl">aŋ tìpúnan</span> -<i>a meeting</i>.</span></p> -<p class="par">So: <span lang="tl">háyag, húni, -káin, kílos, sáma, <a id="xd21e48185" name= -"xd21e48185"></a>túloy</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a259.37" name="a259.37"></a>Irregular in form is: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ tàwánan nila Hwàn ay -náhinto dahilàn sa kanila ŋ -pagkàgúlat.</span> <i>The laughter of Juan’s crowd -stopped on account of their surprise</i> (<span lang= -"tl">táwa</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>Irregular in meaning, as -though local instead of plural, is: <a id="a259.41" name= -"a259.41"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ gulòd na itò ay sya -ŋ sìláŋan naŋ áraw.</span> <i>This -hill is the place where the sun rises</i> (<span lang= -"tl">sílaŋ</span>). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb260" -href="#pb260" name="pb260">260</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p379" class="par"><b>379.</b> The form from barytone roots -corresponding to the type in § <a href="#p377b">377,b</a> and -often also to type a, is: <span lang="tl">(2) -an</span>, without -irregularities: <a id="a260.3" name="a260.3"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ agawàn naŋ maŋa uŋgòʾ ay -magulò.</span> <i>The grabbing by the monkeys was confused.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ basahàn</span> <i>a reading-room</i>, -<i>library</i>. <a id="a260.5" name="a260.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">Bulakàn</span> -<i>Bulacán</i> (name of a province, if from <span lang= -"tl">búlak</span> <i>a cluster of <a id="a260.6" name= -"a260.6"></a>capoc cotton</i>). <span lang="tl">Aŋ maliìt -na úna ŋ itò ay sya kò ŋ duruàn -naŋ maŋa aspilè.</span> <i>This little cushion is -where I stick my needles.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a260.8" -name="a260.8"></a>haluàn</span> <i>a mixing-vessel</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ hugasàn</span> <i>a place for washing -dishes</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a260.9" name= -"a260.9"></a>hulihàn naŋ isdàʾ</span> <i>a -fishing-expedition</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Hwána ay isa ŋ -babáye <a id="a260.10" name="a260.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>ŋ kutuhàn.</span> <i>Juana is a lousy -woman.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ labanàn naŋ maŋa -Tùrkos <a id="a260.11" name="a260.11"></a>at -Iŋgléses ay kasulukúyan pa lámaŋ.</span> -<i>The warfare between the Turks and the English is only now taking -place.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanila ŋ <a id="a260.13" name= -"a260.13"></a>lakaràn ay lubhà ŋ -masayà.</span> <i>Their walking party is very merry.</i> <a id= -"a260.14" name="a260.14"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ kanila ŋ -lusuŋàn ay hindí natápus na mabúte, -sapagkàt marámi <a id="a260.15" name= -"a260.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>sa maŋa táo ay -matamàd.</span> <i>Their cooperative scheme did not turn <a id= -"a260.16" name="a260.16"></a>out well, because most of the people were -lazy.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ murahàn ni Hwána at ni -Maryà ay nárinig naŋ boò ŋ -báyan.</span> <i>The revilings of Juana and Maria were heard by -the whole town.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl ay naŋyáre aŋ isa -ŋ nakawàn.</span> <i>In the town of San Miguel a <a id= -"a260.20" name="a260.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>robbery -took place.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ tablà ŋ itò -ay ginawà ŋ pakuàn naŋ maŋa -bátaʾ sa maŋa páku ŋ aspilè na -kinúha nilà.</span> <i>The children used this board for -hammering in the tacks they had taken.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -bútas naŋ <a id="a260.23" name= -"a260.23"></a>baŋkaʾ ay sya ŋ ginawà ŋ -pasakàn ni Pédro naŋ pagkìt.</span> <i>The -leak <a id="a260.24" name="a260.24"></a>in the canoe was where Pedro -calked in the wax.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ putikàn</span> -<i>a clay-pit</i>; <a id="a260.25" name="a260.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span><i>a person or thing covered with mud</i>. -<span lang="tl">Aŋ isà ŋ labaŋàn ay -syà <a id="a260.26" name="a260.26"></a>ŋ nagìŋ -silaŋàn kay Hesùs.</span> <i>Jesus was born in a -manger</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ kátri ŋ -silaŋàn ni Hwána</span> <i>the bed in which -Juana’s children were born</i>. <a id="a260.28" name= -"a260.28"></a><span lang="tl">Sya y sugatàn</span> <i>He is -wounded</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ sugatàn</span> <i>the -wounded</i> (as, after a <a id="a260.29" name="a260.29"></a>battle). -<span lang="tl">aŋ sulatàn</span> <i>a writing-desk</i>. -<span lang="tl">Aŋ síloŋ naŋ báhay ay sya -nyà ŋ <span class="lineNum">30</span>taguàn naŋ -maŋa kasaŋkápan sa pagaalwáge.</span> <i>The -ground-floor of his house is where he keeps his carpentry tools.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kuwàrto ŋ itò <a id= -"a260.32" name="a260.32"></a>ay sya kò ŋ -tulugàn.</span> <i>This room is my sleeping-place.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ tulugàn naŋ báhay ni -Hwàn ay nása bubuŋàn.</span> <i>The -sleeping-quarters in <a id="a260.34" name="a260.34"></a>Juan’s -house are on the roof.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ utusàn</span> -<i>a servant</i>, <i>a waiter</i>, <i>an <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>orderly</i>.</p> -<p class="par">Similarly: <span lang="tl">áral, búkol, -dáhil, háraŋ, hásaʾ, íhaw, -ílaw, káin, lútoʾ, sábit, -sáboŋ, tápon, túlis, úlo, úpa, -óras</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a260.38" name="a260.38"></a>With irregularities: -<span lang="tl">hàlamanàn</span> <i>garden</i>, -<i>flower-pot</i> (<span lang="tl">haláman</span>) <a id= -"a260.39" name="a260.39"></a>has secondary accent on the first of three -syllables; <span lang="tl">aŋkàn</span> <i>the members -<span class="lineNum">40</span>of a given person’s immediate -family</i>, not including himself: <span lang="tl">aŋ -aŋkàn ni Hwàn Krùs</span> <i>Juan Cruz’ -wife and children</i> (from <span lang="tl">-ának</span>, <a id= -"a260.42" name="a260.42"></a>cf. <span lang= -"tl">mag-ának</span>, § <a href="#p358a">358,a</a>); -<span lang="tl">kwayanàn</span>, beside <span lang= -"tl">kawayanàn (kawáyan)</span>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb261" href="#pb261" name="pb261">261</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">With irregularity and reduplication: <span lang= -"tl">ka-kan-àn (-káin)</span>.</p> -<p id="p380" class="par"><b>380.</b> <span lang="tl">(1) -an</span> -with irregularities forms static words denoting objects by the action -for which they are locally used or by the things they are the place of; -the local meaning is less explicit, and <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>the object has more fixed identity apart from its -local relation than is the case in the preceding forms. This -distinction is very clear where both forms occur from the same root -(cf. <span lang="tl">kulòŋ, lagày</span>); it may -disappear where only one form is made (<span lang= -"tl">sagíŋan, atísan</span> have the same value as -<span lang="tl">nyúgan</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a261.10" name="a261.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span><span lang="tl">aŋ atísan</span> <i>a -grove of atis trees</i>. <span class="corr" id="xd21e48602" title= -"Not in source"><span lang="tl">Aŋ asuhàn naŋ -báhay ni Pédro ay nasúnog.</span> <i>The chimney -in Pedro’s house burned out</i>.</span> <span lang= -"tl">Bigasàn aŋ kanya ŋ sináiŋ.</span> -<i>Her boiled rice has raw rice in it, is not done.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ damìt ay <a id="a261.12" name= -"a261.12"></a>pulahàn.</span> <i>Her clothes are all red.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y isà ŋ pulahàn.</span> <i>He is -a <a id="a261.13" name="a261.13"></a>Red, a member of the Red -party.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ siláŋan</span> <i>the -east</i>, also <span lang="tl">Siláŋan</span> <a id= -"a261.14" name="a261.14"></a><i>Silangan</i> (name of a town). -<span lang="tl">aŋ taanàn</span> <i>a fugitive</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ manòk na talúnan</span> -<span class="lineNum">15</span><i>the defeated game-cock</i>; -<span lang="tl">lúto ŋ talúnan</span> <i>a dish in -which the defeated game-cock is cooked with ginger</i>. Similarly: -<span lang="tl"><a id="xd21e48672" name="xd21e48672"></a>bákod, -bubòŋ, dúlo, gawàʾ, haŋgà, -haràp, kulòŋ, labàŋ, laròʾ, -likòd, lulòd, paà, ságiŋ, -tintéro</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(a) Some roots which begin with <i>l</i> and most of -those whose <span class="lineNum">20</span>irregularity involves -contraction, have reduplication in this form: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -lalagyàn ko naŋ librò ay aŋ mésa ŋ -itò.</span> <i>This table is my bookstand.</i> <a id="a261.22" -name="a261.22"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ uupà ŋ -itò ay gàgamítin naŋ maŋa -panaúhin.</span> <i>The guests will sit on these seats.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ uupà ŋ itò ay sa -háreʾ.</span> <i>This seat is for the king.</i> -<span class="corr" id="xd21e48714" title="Not in source"><span lang= -"tl">luluràn</span> <i>shin</i>.</span> Similarly: <span lang= -"tl">hihigàn (higàʾ), lalamúnan -(lámon), <a id="a261.25" name="a261.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>lalawígan (láwig), sasakyàn -(sakày), titirhàn (tirà)</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a261.26" name="a261.26"></a>(b) From derived -words: <span lang="tl">Napútol nilà aŋ -púno-ŋ-káhoy sa <a id="a261.27" name= -"a261.27"></a>kalahatían.</span> <i>They cut the tree at the -middle.</i> <span lang="tl">Nalagòt aŋ lúbid sa -kalahatían.</span> <i>The rope broke at the middle.</i> -(<span lang="tl">kalahátiʾ</span>, § <a href= -"#p519">519</a>). <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a261.29" name= -"a261.29"></a>bútas naŋ baŋkàʾ ay -nása tagilíran.</span> <i>The leak in the canoe is in the -<a id="a261.30" name="a261.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>side.</i> <span lang="tl">Nilagyàn ni -Hwàn naŋ tagilíran aŋ kanya ŋ -báhay.</span> <i>Juan put side-walls on his house.</i> -(<span lang="tl">tagílid</span>, § <a href= -"#p523">523</a>).</p> -<p id="p381" class="par"><b>381.</b> <span lang="tl">D -an</span>, with -accent shift if the root is barytone, forms words denoting <i>an object -which is an imitation or miniature of such <a id="a261.34" name= -"a261.34"></a>and such</i>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -dagat-dagátan</span> <i>a lake</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -kabá-kabayúhan</span> <i>a play-horse</i>; <a id= -"a261.35" name="a261.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><span lang= -"tl">aŋ tao-taúhan</span> <i>a manikin</i>, <i>doll</i>; -<i>the pupil of the eye</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -baril-barílan</span> <i>a toy-gun</i>. Further derivatives from -this formation, see § <a href="#p352d">352,d</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>382.</b> Many roots here treated, because felt, as -simple, end in <span lang="tl">-an</span>: <span lang= -"tl">baŋàn, batalàn, dalandàn, hagdàn, -haláman, kánan, kápitan, <a id="a261.40" name= -"a261.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>kapitàn, -kawáyan, laráwan, pagítan, pakuwàn, -paŋnàn</span> <i>a hand-basket</i>, <a id="a261.41" name= -"a261.41"></a><span lang="tl">pasígan</span> (<span lang= -"tl">Pásig</span> is the name of a river), <span lang= -"tl">piŋgàn, saguwàn</span> <i>a paddle</i>, -<span lang="tl">saŋkálan, tampalásan, -tahílan</span>.</p> -<p id="p383" class="par"><b>383.</b> Similar formations with -<span lang="tl">paŋ-</span> prefixed add the element <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb262" href="#pb262" name="pb262">262</a>]</span>of -meaning present in the transient formations with <span lang= -"tl">maŋ-</span> and <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span>; they have -secondary accent on the prefix, as though it formed part of the -underlying word:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a262.4" name="a262.4"></a>(a) <span lang= -"tl">pàŋ- -an</span> (cf. § <a href="#p377">377</a>): -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kahò ŋ itò ay sya ŋ -pàŋitlúgan <span class="lineNum">5</span>naŋ -manòk.</span> <i>This box is the place where the hen lays its -eggs.</i></p> -<p class="par">(b) <span lang="tl">pàŋ- (1) -an</span> (cf. -§ <a href="#p378">378</a>): <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay sya -ŋ paráti ŋ <a id="a262.7" name= -"a262.7"></a>pàmunúan naŋ -básag-úlo.</span> <i>Juan is the one who always starts -the fighting.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a262.9" name="a262.9"></a>(c) <span lang= -"tl">pàŋ- (2) -an</span> (cf. § <a href= -"#p379">379</a>): <span lang="tl">pàŋaserahàn</span> -<i>boarding-place</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.c.3.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="lineNum">10</span><span class= -"divNum">II.</span> <i>Secondary groups.</i></h5> -<div class="div5 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">1.</span> Prefix <span lang= -"tl">si-</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p384" class="par first"><b>384.</b> The prefix <span lang= -"tl">si-</span> is used only in active transient forms, and is always -preceded by <span lang="tl">mag-</span> or <span lang="tl">nag-</span>: -<span lang="tl">mag-si-pútol, mag-sì-si-pútol, -nag-si-pútol, nag-sì-si-pútol.</span> In meaning -these forms are explicit <span class="lineNum">15</span>plurals of the -primary active forms. Occasionally the plural value is emphasized by -infixation of <span lang="tl">-aŋ-</span> into the <span lang= -"tl">mag-</span> or <span lang="tl">nag-</span>.</p> -<p id="p385" class="par"><b>385.</b> From the simple root the explicit -plural with <span lang="tl">si-</span> corresponds to the primary -actives with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> or, in many cases, with <a id= -"a262.19" name="a262.19"></a><span lang="tl">mag-</span>. <span lang= -"tl">Nagsiílag sila sa báyan naŋ itò y -pasúkin naŋ maŋa kaáway.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">20</span><i>They all fled from the town when the enemy -entered it.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa <a id="a262.21" name= -"a262.21"></a>áso ay nagsìsilámon.</span> <i>The -dogs are eating.</i> <span lang="tl">Magsiligáya -kayò.</span> <i>Rejoice</i>, <a id="a262.22" name= -"a262.22"></a><i>Be glad</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -laŋgàm ay nagsìsilipumpòn</span> (or: -<span lang="tl">nagsìsilípon</span>) <a id="a262.23" -name="a262.23"></a><span lang="tl">sa nápatay nila ŋ -gagambà.</span> <i>The ants are crowding all <a id="a262.24" -name="a262.24"></a>over the spider they have killed.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagsìsipútol sila ŋ lahàt naŋ -tubò <span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ kamì ay -dumatìŋ.</span> <i>They were cutting sugar-cane when we -arrived.</i> <a id="a262.26" name="a262.26"></a><span lang= -"tl">Magsipútol kayò naŋ tubò.</span> <i>Do -you all cut sugar-cane.</i></p> -<p class="par">So from: <span lang="tl">akiyàt, alìs, -dálaw, dalò, datìŋ, húli, -húsay, iyàk, kantà, kápit, lakì, -lípat, lúlan, pígil, puntà, pustà, -sáyad, tindìg, tugtòg, túloŋ, -túŋo, uwìʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p385a" class="par"><a id="a262.30" name= -"a262.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>(a) Plurality emphasized: -<span lang="tl">Naŋagsiúroŋ aŋ maŋa -sundálo.</span> <i>The soldiers retreated.</i> So also from -<span lang="tl">alìs</span>.</p> -<p id="p386" class="par"><b>386.</b> This formation is made from the -root with <span lang="tl">pag-</span> prefixed when it corresponds to -primary actives with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> in contrast with -<a id="a262.34" name="a262.34"></a><span lang="tl">-um-</span> (§ -<a href="#p351">351</a>). <span lang="tl">Nagsìsipagáral -silà.</span> <i>They are studying.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magsipagáral <a id="a262.35" name= -"a262.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>kayò.</span> -<i>Study.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa bátaʾ ay -áyaw magsipagbíhis.</span> <i>The children don’t -want to change their clothes, get dressed up.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ <a id="a262.37" name="a262.37"></a>maŋa -laŋgàm ay nagsìsipagípon</span> (or: -<span lang="tl">nagsìsipaglípon</span>) <span lang= -"tl">naŋ pagkáin <a id="a262.38" name= -"a262.38"></a>kuŋ tagáraw.</span> <i>The ants store up food -in the hot season.</i> <span lang="tl">Magsipagpútol <a id= -"a262.39" name="a262.39"></a>kayò, Pédro, naŋ -káhoy na gàgamítin sa paglilitsòn.</span> -<i>Pedro, <span class="lineNum">40</span>do you folks cut some wood to -be used in the barbecue.</i> <span lang= -"tl">“Magsìsipagpútol <a id="a262.41" name= -"a262.41"></a>dàw sila naŋ dikóla,” aŋ -sábi ni Hwána.</span> <i>“They say <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb263" href="#pb263" name="pb263">263</a>]</span>they -are going to cut off the trains of their skirts,” said Juana.</i> -<a id="a263.2" name="a263.2"></a><span lang="tl">Napsipagpútol -naŋ buhòk aŋ maŋa Intsèk.</span> <i>The -Chinamen cut off <a id="a263.3" name="a263.3"></a>their queues.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagsìsipagpútol naŋ buhòk -aŋ maŋa Intsèk na si <a id="a263.4" name= -"a263.4"></a>Yèŋ at Tsàŋ, naŋ sila y -datnàn ko sa kanila ŋ tindáhan.</span> <i>The -Chinamen <span class="lineNum">5</span>Yeng and Chang were cutting -their queues when I came upon them in their shop.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagsipagtipìd aŋ sundálo.</span> <i>The -soldiers economized.</i></p> -<p class="par">So from: <span lang="tl">basàʾ, -dasàl, hintòʾ, laròʾ, pasiyàl, -sísi, sugàl, takbò, tindìg, -yukayòk</span>.</p> -<p id="p386a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>(a) Plurality -emphasized: <span lang="tl">naŋagsipagtakbò</span>.</p> -<p id="p386b" class="par">(b) The <span lang="tl">pag-</span> is used -when the underlying word is a derived <a id="a263.12" name= -"a263.12"></a>word: <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa sundálo -ŋ Tagálog ay nagsipaghimagsìk.</span> <i>The <a id= -"a263.13" name="a263.13"></a>Tagalog soldiers revolted</i> (<span lang= -"tl">-himagsìk</span>, § <a href="#p518">518</a>). -<span lang="tl">Nagsipaghìmagsíkan silà.</span> -<i>They fought each other</i> (<span lang= -"tl">hìmagsíkan</span>, § <a href= -"#p377a">377,a</a>). So <span class="lineNum">15</span>from: -<span lang="tl">agawàn</span> (§ <a href="#p379">379</a>), -<span lang="tl">-bugtúŋan</span> (§ <a href= -"#p377a">377,a</a>), <span lang="tl">labanàn</span> (§ -<a href="#p379">379</a>), <span lang="tl">takbúhan</span> -(§ <a href="#p377a">377,a</a>). Cf. § <a href= -"#p406">406</a>.</p> -<p class="par">(c) The same formation with accent shift of the root -corresponds to primary actives with <span lang="tl">mag- (1)</span>, -§ <a href="#p353">353</a>. It occurs from: <span lang= -"tl">bálot, lákad, líbot</span>.</p> -<p id="p387" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>387.</b> -With <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span> prefixed to the root, this -formation corresponds <a id="a263.21" name="a263.21"></a>to the primary -active with <span lang="tl">maŋ-</span> (§ <a href= -"#p357">357</a>). <span lang="tl">Magsipamaŋká <a id= -"a263.22" name="a263.22"></a>táyo.</span> <i>Let’s all go -<span class="corr" id="xd21e49359" title= -"Source: canoing">canoeing</span><span class="corr" id="xd21e49361" -title="Not in source">.</span></i> <span lang= -"tl">Magsìsipamiyábas kamì sa maŋa -gúbat na malápit.</span> <i>We are going guava-picking in -the jungles near <a id="a263.24" name="a263.24"></a>here.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Pédro at si Hwàn ay umáhon sa -bundòk úpaŋ magsipamútol <a id="a263.25" -name="a263.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ káhoy -na asanàʾ.</span> <i>Pedro and Juan went up into the <a id= -"a263.26" name="a263.26"></a>mountains to cut asana.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Àáhon kamì sa bundòk at -magsìsipamútol <a id="a263.27" name= -"a263.27"></a>kamì naŋ muláwin.</span> <i>We are -going up into the mountains to cut molave.</i></p> -<p class="par">So from: <span lang="tl">barìl, -hínaʾ, hiŋìʾ, noòd, tahímik, -tálo</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a263.30" name="a263.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>(a) With <span lang="tl">paŋ-hin-</span>, cf. -§ <a href="#p357b">357,b</a>: <span lang="tl">Silà y -nagsipaŋhimagsìk<span class="corr" id="xd21e49417" title= -"Not in source">.</span></span> <i>They made a revolution.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">2.</span> The prefix <span lang= -"tl">paki-</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>388.</b> The prefix <span lang= -"tl">paki-</span>, which forms simple static forms, transients, and -abstracts, expresses that the subject of the sentence <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>performs or undergoes the action along with others -that were involved in it before,—this either through interference -or by favor of someone else.</p> -<p id="p389" class="par"><a id="a263.38" name="a263.38"></a><b>389.</b> -Simple static form: <span lang="tl">aŋ -pakikinábaŋ</span> <i>the obtaining of <a id="a263.39" -name="a263.39"></a>profit</i> (<span lang= -"tl">kinábaŋ</span>) <i>in trade with others</i>; also: -<i>holy communion</i>. So <a id="a263.40" name= -"a263.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span><span lang= -"tl">pakipútol</span>, in command (cf. § <a href= -"#p341.3c">341,3,c</a>), <i>cut as a favor</i>.</p> -<p id="p390" class="par"><b>390.</b> The active transient and the -abstract have the forms: <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb264" href= -"#pb264" name="pb264">264</a>]</span><span lang="tl">maki-pútol, -makì-ki-pútol, naki-pútol, -nakì-ki-pútol, paki-ki-pútol</span>, i. e. the -reduplication affects the syllable <span lang="tl">-ki-</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a264.3" name="a264.3"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -kapitàn ay nagpadalà naŋ isa ŋ sekréta -sa lúpà naŋ kaáway <a id="a264.4" name= -"a264.4"></a>úpaŋ makiramdàm naŋ kanila ŋ -kìlúsan.</span> <i>The captain sent <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>a spy to the enemy’s country to spy out</i> -(literally: <i>perceive <a id="a264.6" name="a264.6"></a>along</i>) -<i>their movements</i>. <span lang="tl">Makìkikáin -akò kina Lílay.</span> <i>I am going <a id="a264.7" name= -"a264.7"></a>to Lilay’s for a meal.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Pédro ay nakikáin kina Hwàn.</span> <i>Pedro -<a id="a264.8" name="a264.8"></a>took a meal at Juan’s house.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nakipútol akò naŋ damò sa -lúpà ni Mariyáno.</span> <i>I obtained permission -to cut grass from Mariano’s <a id="a264.10" name= -"a264.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>land.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sila y nàròroòn sa búkid ni -Pédro at nakìkipútol naŋ damò.</span> -<i>They have gone to Pedro’s field and are cutting grass there by -his <a id="a264.12" name="a264.12"></a>permission.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pumaroòn ka t makipútol naŋ damò.</span> -<i>Go and ask <a id="a264.13" name="a264.13"></a>them to let you cut -some grass.</i> <span lang="tl">Pakikipútol díto ni -Hwàn naŋ <a id="a264.14" name="a264.14"></a>damò ay -siŋilìn mo aŋ útaŋ nya.</span> <i>When -Juan asks to be allowed <a id="a264.15" name="a264.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>to cut grass here, dun him for his debt.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sila y nakisúno kay Mariyà.</span> -<i>They had Maria let them live in her house with her.</i></p> -<p class="par">So: <span lang="tl">sakày, sáma, -túloy, túlog</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a264.18" name="a264.18"></a>(a) With accent shift -of the root (§ <a href="#p337">337</a>): <span lang= -"tl">makialàm</span> <i>look after someone</i>, <i>nose into -others’ affairs</i> (<span lang="tl">álam</span>).</p> -<p id="p391" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>391.</b> The -root has <span lang="tl">pag-</span> when the formation corresponds to -<a id="a264.21" name="a264.21"></a>a primary active with <span lang= -"tl">mag-</span> in contrast with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> (§ -<a href="#p351">351</a>): <span lang="tl">Nakìkipagáway -<a id="a264.22" name="a264.22"></a>aŋ báta ŋ -itò, kanyàʾ hindí dápat -pahintulúta ŋ madalàs <a id="a264.23" name= -"a264.23"></a>na manáog naŋ báhay.</span> <i>As this -boy gets into fights, he should <a id="a264.24" name="a264.24"></a>not -often be allowed to leave the house.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakipagáway si Pédro.</span> <a id="a264.25" name= -"a264.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><i>Pedro got into the -fight.</i> <span lang="tl">Nasaktàn si Hwàn sa kanya -ŋ pakikipaglaròʾ.</span> <i>Juan got hurt when he -joined into the game.</i> So from: <span lang="tl">bunòʾ, -dalamhátiʾ, lában, tagpòʾ, -úsap.</span></p> -<p id="p391a" class="par"><a id="a264.28" name="a264.28"></a>(a) From -derived words: <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ -makipaglàŋúyan, <a id="a264.29" name= -"a264.29"></a>Hwàn, at baká ka malúnod.</span> -<i>Don’t go swimming with the crowd, <a id="a264.30" name= -"a264.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>Juan, I am afraid you -might get drowned.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Makìkipaglàŋúyan ka <a id="a264.31" -name="a264.31"></a>bà, Pédro?</span> <i>Are you going -along swimming, Pedro?</i> <span lang="tl">Nakipagluksúhan -<a id="a264.32" name="a264.32"></a>si Hwàn naŋ idáos -aŋ maŋa laròʾ.</span> <i>Juan entered in the -jumping-contest when the games were held.</i> Similarly, from: -<span lang="tl">pustá-han, siksík-an, -takbú-han</span>. All these belong under § <a href= -"#p377a">377,a</a>. <span class="lineNum">35</span>See also § -<a href="#p427b">427,b</a>.</p> -<p class="par">(b) Corresponding to primary active with <span lang= -"tl">mag- (1)</span> § <a href="#p353">353</a>: <a id="a264.37" -name="a264.37"></a><span lang="tl">Nakipagbabàg si -Pédro.</span> <i>Pedro got into a free fight</i> (<span lang= -"tl">bábag</span>).</p> -<p id="p392" class="par"><b>392.</b> The root has <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-</span>, corresponding to a primary active <a id= -"a264.39" name="a264.39"></a>with <span lang="tl">maŋ-</span>: -<span lang="tl">Sya y hindí pinahintulútan sa kanya -ŋ pakikipamútol <span class="lineNum">40</span>naŋ -tubò.</span> <i>His request to be allowed to cut cane was not -granted.</i></p> -<p id="p393" class="par"><b>393.</b> In the passive the <span lang= -"tl">paki-</span> expresses that the subject undergoes the action along -with others, often as a favor on the part <a id="a264.43" name= -"a264.43"></a>of the actor. So direct passive: <span lang= -"tl">paki-putúl-in</span> <i>be cut, as a favor <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb265" href="#pb265" name="pb265">265</a>]</span>on -the part of the one who does the cutting</i>; the recipient of the -favor is the speaker.</p> -<p id="p394" class="par"><b>394.</b> In the instrumental passive the -meaning is similar; sometimes, however, the instrumental passive is -used with the person <span class="lineNum">5</span>asking the favor as -agent.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a265.6" name="a265.6"></a><span lang= -"tl">Maárì mo ŋà ŋ ipakihúlog sa -kuréyo aŋ súlat?</span> <i>Will you please mail my -letter for me?</i> (literally: <i>Can my letter please be -thrown-along-with-yours</i> or <i>thrown-as-a-favor into the mail by -<a id="a265.9" name="a265.9"></a>you</i>?). <span lang= -"tl">Ipinakihúlog ni Pédro aŋ áki ŋ -súlat.</span> <i>Pedro mailed my <a id="a265.10" name= -"a265.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>letter</i> (<i>along with -his</i> or <i>as a favor</i>) <i>for me</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Ipinakìkihúlog ko lámaŋ kay Pédro -aŋ áki ŋ maŋa súlat.</span> <i>I am asking -Pedro to mail my letters for me</i>; here <span lang= -"tl">ipinakìkihúlog</span> is not <i>that thrown as a -favor</i>, <a id="a265.13" name="a265.13"></a>but <i>that asked to be -thrown as a favor</i>. <span lang="tl">Ipakìkipútol daw -ni Hwàn aŋ buhòk naŋ alílà nya -ŋ Intsèk.</span> <i>Juan says he will ask <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>someone to cut his Chinese servant’s hair</i>; -<span lang="tl">ipakìkipútol</span> is here <i>that asked -to be cut as a favor</i>, and the relation of asking is the only thing -expressed by the instrumental (rather than the direct) passive.</p> -<p id="p395" class="par"><a id="a265.19" name="a265.19"></a><b>395.</b> -The root has <span lang="tl">pag-</span>, corresponding to § -<a href="#p351">351</a>: <span lang="tl">Ipakipagpútol <a id= -"a265.20" name="a265.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>mo -ŋàʾ naŋ buhòk aŋ guntìŋ -na itò, úpaŋ áti ŋ masubúkan -aŋ húsay naŋ talìm.</span> <i>Please use this -shears in cutting hair, so that we may test the quality of the edge</i> -(genuine instrumental passive). <a id="a265.23" name= -"a265.23"></a><span lang="tl">Ipakìkipagpútol daw nya -akò naŋ búhòʾ pagáhon nya sa -bundòk.</span> <i>He says he will cut some bamboo for me when he -goes <a id="a265.25" name="a265.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>up into the mountains.</i> (genuine instrumental -passive). <span lang="tl">Ipinakipagpútol akò ni -Hwàn naŋ tubò.</span> <i>Juan had someone cut me -some sugar-cane</i> (literally: <i>I was asked to be cut for as a -favor</i>). <span lang="tl">Ipinakìkipagpútol <a id= -"a265.28" name="a265.28"></a>daw ni Hwàn si Pédro -naŋ labòŋ.</span> <i>Juan says he is having someone -cut bamboo-shoots for Pedro.</i></p> -<p id="p396" class="par"><a id="a265.30" name= -"a265.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>396.</b> Local passive -with <span lang="tl">paki-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">pinakibalitáan</span> <i>was ascertained by the actor -getting people to tell him as a favor</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a265.32" name="a265.32"></a>(a) From shifted -root: <span lang="tl">pinakialamàn</span>.</p> -<p id="p396b" class="par"><a id="a265.33" name="a265.33"></a>(b) With -<span lang="tl">pag-</span> (cf. § <a href="#p352">352</a>): -<span lang="tl">pinakìkipagtakbuhàn</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">3.</span> The prefix <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>397.</b> -Secondary forms with the prefix <span lang="tl">ka-</span> are of most -varied meaning; the principal types express <i>association of two</i> -individuals or groups and <i>involuntary action</i>. In accented form -the prefix <span lang="tl">kà-</span> expresses chiefly -<i>accidental <span class="corr" id="xd21e50022" title= -"Source: occurence">occurrence</span></i>. In certain passives -associated with this group the prefix itself does not appear.</p> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.3.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="lineNum">40</span><span class= -"divNum">(1)</span> Simple static forms.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p398" class="par first"><b>398.</b> Words with prefix -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> denote <i>objects (or groups) standing -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb266" href="#pb266" name= -"pb266">266</a>]</span>in such and such a relation to another object -(or group)</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya <a id="a266.2" name="a266.2"></a>y -áki ŋ nagìŋ kabaláe.</span> <i>He (she) -has become my fellow-parent-in-law</i>, i. e. <i>Our children have -intermarried</i>; the form <span lang="tl">ka-baláe</span> -merely <a id="a266.4" name="a266.4"></a>makes explicit the element of -relation present in the simple word: <a id="a266.5" name= -"a266.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">Si -Bantùg ay áki ŋ baláe.</span> -<i>Bantug’s son (daughter) has married <a id="a266.6" name= -"a266.6"></a>my daughter (son).</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -áso ay nása kabilá naŋ bákod.</span> -<i>The dogs are on the other side of the fence</i> (the simple -<span lang="tl">-bilàʾ</span> does not occur; the idea of -<i>other side</i> is always envisaged as relative). <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ <a id="a266.9" name="a266.9"></a>búkid ni -Hwàn ay karátig naŋ kay Pédro.</span> -<i>Juan’s field borders <a id="a266.10" name= -"a266.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>on Pedro’s.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ mésa ŋ itò y kakúlay -naŋ kahòn.</span> <i>This table is <a id="a266.11" name= -"a266.11"></a>of the same color as the chest.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn aŋ kalában ny Andrès <a id="a266.12" -name="a266.12"></a>sa larò ŋ dáma.</span> <i>Juan is -Andres’ opponent at checkers.</i> <span lang="tl">Kamatà -si Hwàn ni Pédro.</span> <i>Juan and Pedro took to each -other from first <a id="a266.14" name="a266.14"></a>sight.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ tagpí naŋ báro ni -Pédro ay hindí kamukhá naŋ -bároʾ.</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>The patch -on Juan’s blouse does not match the blouse.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ áki ŋ <a id="a266.16" name= -"a266.16"></a>kapatìd na si Hwàn</span> <i>my brother -Juan</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ áki ŋ kapútol na -si Hwàn</span> <i>my brother Juan</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -kapútol naŋ tubò</span> <i>a piece (broken off) -<a id="a266.18" name="a266.18"></a>of the sugar-cane</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kasánib naŋ áki ŋ banìg ay -aŋ banìg ni Manuwèl.</span> <i>Manuel’s -sleeping-mat and mine overlap</i> (<span lang= -"tl">kasánib</span> <i>one <a id="a266.20" name= -"a266.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>of two things of which one -overlaps the other</i>). <span lang="tl">walà ŋ -kasaŋkàp</span> <a id="a266.21" name= -"a266.21"></a><i>without accompaniments</i>, <i>trimmings</i>, -<i>affixes</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Mariyáno aŋ kasunod -kò ŋ lumàlákad sa kalsáda.</span> -<i>Mariano was the one who was walking behind me on the street</i>; -<span lang="tl">aŋ kasunod kò ŋ naparoòn sa -simbáhan</span> <i>the one who followed me in going to -church</i> (<span lang="tl">kasunòd</span> <a id="a266.25" name= -"a266.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><i>one of two persons one -of whom is following the other</i>). <span lang="tl">aŋ -katúŋo</span> <i>the person one is dealing with</i>, <i>the -other party</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Pédro aŋ <a id= -"a266.27" name="a266.27"></a>kaugáli naŋ kanya ŋ -kaybíga ŋ si Hwàn.</span> <i>Pedro has the same -habits as his friend Juan.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly from: <span lang="tl">áway, -báyan, biyàk, bunòʾ, ribàl, -haràp, kilála, <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>kláse, lákip, laròʾ, -pantày, partè, sabuwàt, sáli, sálo, -sáma, súnoʾ, tapàt, timbàʾ, -untìʾ, úsap, walàʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Divergent in meaning are <span lang= -"tl">katáo</span> (§ <a href="#p255">255</a>), <span lang= -"tl">kagabì, kahápon</span> (§ <a href= -"#p259">259</a>). Cf. also § <a href="#p520">520</a>.</p> -<p id="p398a" class="par"><a id="a266.34" name="a266.34"></a>(a) From -derived words: <span lang="tl">Syà y isa kò ŋ -kamagának.</span> <i>He is <a id="a266.35" name= -"a266.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>a relative of mine</i> -(<span lang="tl">mag-ának</span>, § <a href= -"#p358a">358,a</a>), and <span lang="tl">kamakalawà</span> -(§ <a href="#p259">259</a>, from <span lang= -"tl">maka-lawà</span>, § <a href="#p453">453</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a266.37" name="a266.37"></a>(b) From a phrase: -<span lang="tl">aŋ kasa-ŋ-báhay</span> <i>a person -dwelling in the same house with another</i>, <i>a housemate</i> -(<span lang="tl">isà ŋ báhay</span>).</p> -<p id="p398c" class="par"><a id="a266.39" name="a266.39"></a>(c) From -shifted root (§ <a href="#p337">337</a>): <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn ay kagalìt ni Pédro <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>at ni Kulàs.</span> <i>Juan is at odds with -Pedro and Nicolás.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ kanyà -ŋ kagalìt</span> <i>the person or persons with whom he is -at odds</i>. <a id="a266.42" name="a266.42"></a><span lang="tl">Si -Pédro aŋ nagìŋ kasirá ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>It is Pedro with whom Juan <a id="a266.43" name= -"a266.43"></a>is angry.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko -katalò si Párì Hwàn.</span> <i>I -don’t play winning-and-losing <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb267" href="#pb267" name="pb267">267</a>]</span><a id="a267.1" name= -"a267.1"></a>games with Father Juan.</i> Similarly from <span lang= -"tl">álam, sáma</span>.</p> -<p id="p398d" class="par">(d) The root is reduplicated in a few cases: -<span lang="tl">Si Pédro aŋ <a id="a267.3" name= -"a267.3"></a>áki ŋ kababáyan.</span> <i>Pedro is my -fellow-townsman</i> (beside <span lang="tl">kabáyan</span>); -<a id="a267.4" name="a267.4"></a><span lang= -"tl">katutúboʾ</span> <i>native</i>, <i>ingrown</i>, -<i>inborn</i>, <i>inherited</i>.</p> -<p id="p399" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>399.</b> -<span lang="tl">kà-ka-</span>. With accented reduplication of -the prefix these <a id="a267.6" name="a267.6"></a>forms emphasize the -incompleteness of the correlative object: <span lang= -"tl">Kàkapútol <a id="a267.7" name= -"a267.7"></a>lámaŋ na tubò aŋ áki ŋ -nàkúha.</span> <i>I got only a little piece <a id= -"a267.8" name="a267.8"></a>of the sugar-cane.</i> So also <span lang= -"tl">kákauntèʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p400" class="par"><b>400.</b> <span lang="tl">ka- R</span>. With -accented reduplication of the underlying <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>word <span lang="tl">ka-</span> forms words -expressing the recent completion of an act; they are used impersonally -(§ <a href="#p77">77</a>) or as conjunctive attributes. <a id= -"a267.12" name="a267.12"></a><span lang="tl">Kaàáway pa -lámaŋ ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ -kalaròʾ.</span> <i>Juan has only <a id="a267.13" name= -"a267.13"></a>just now quarreled with his playmate.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Kabàbáŋon ko.</span> <i>I have <a id="a267.14" -name="a267.14"></a>just got up.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Kagàgáliŋ sa báyan naŋ -kapatìd ko ŋ babáye.</span> <i>My <a id="a267.15" -name="a267.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>sister has just come -back from town.</i> <span lang="tl">Kahíhiga ko pa -lámaŋ.</span> <i>I <a id="a267.16" name="a267.16"></a>had -just then lain down.</i> <span lang="tl">Kalàlarú ku pa -lámaŋ sa bátaʾ.</span> <i>I have <a id= -"a267.17" name="a267.17"></a>just finished playing with the child.</i> -<span lang="tl">Kapùpútol ko pa lámaŋ -naŋ yantòk.</span> <i>I have only just now cut some -rattan.</i> <span class="corr" id="xd21e50512" title="Not in source">So -<span lang="tl">gísiŋ, káin.</span></span></p> -<p id="p400a" class="par">(a) <span lang="tl">ka-pag- R</span>, with -the usual value of <span lang="tl">pag-</span> (§ <a href= -"#p369">369</a>, etc.): <a id="a267.20" name="a267.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span><span lang="tl">Kapagpùpútol -lámaŋ ni Hwàn naŋ kawáyan.</span> -<i>Juan has just come from cutting bamboo.</i></p> -<p id="p400b" class="par">(b) <span lang="tl">ka-paŋ- R</span>, -corresponding to active with <span lang="tl">maŋ-</span> (§ -<a href="#p357">357</a>): <a id="a267.23" name= -"a267.23"></a><span lang="tl">kapamùmútol -(pútol)</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>401.</b> <span lang="tl">ka- D</span>. With doubling -of the root <span lang="tl">ka-</span> has causative <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>value: it expresses <i>that which causes such and -such an involuntary action, specifically, such and such an emotion</i>: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ dumatìŋ na <a id="a267.27" name= -"a267.27"></a>bálaŋ ay katákot-tákot aŋ -dámi.</span> <i>The locusts that came were frightful in -quantity.</i> So from <span lang="tl">hiyàʾ, -takà</span>. Vowel-contraction in <a id="a267.29" name= -"a267.29"></a><span lang="tl">kàwáwaʾ</span> -<i>pitiable</i>, <i>piteous</i> (for <span lang= -"tl">ka-áwa-áwaʾ</span>). Slightly divergent <a id= -"a267.30" name="a267.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>in meaning -is <span lang="tl">karáka-ráka</span> (§ <a href= -"#p265.5">265,5</a>).</p> -<p id="p402" class="par"><b>402.</b> In a different use <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> has the form <span lang="tl">kay-</span> in some words; -these formations express a remarkable degree of a quality; they are -used impersonally (§ <a href="#p76">76</a>), as predicate (§ -<a href="#p247">247</a>), occasionally <a id="a267.34" name= -"a267.34"></a>as conjunctive attributes: <span lang="tl">kaálat -kayálat</span> <i>what saltiness!</i> (of <a id="a267.35" name= -"a267.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>water); <span lang= -"tl">kay-asùl</span> <i>what blueness!</i> <span lang= -"tl">Katáyog naŋ púno-ŋ-niyòg na <a id= -"a267.36" name="a267.36"></a>iyòn!</span> <i>How tall that -cocoanut tree is!</i> <span lang="tl">Kayuntìʾ naŋ -ibinigày nya ŋ laruwàn sa ákin!</span> <i>How -few toys he gave me!</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">kay-dámot<span class="corr" id="xd21e50676" title= -"Not in source">,</span> ka-rámot, ka-rúnoŋ, -ka-itìm, kakínis, ka-láyoʾ, -ka-muntìʾ, ka-pulà, ka-tabàʾ, -kay-tipìd</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>(a) With reduplication of -the root, this form refers to the <a id="a267.41" name= -"a267.41"></a>quality in an explicit plurality of objects: <span lang= -"tl">kaiitèm</span> <i>what blackness</i>! <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb268" href="#pb268" name= -"pb268">268</a>]</span><a id="a268.1" name="a268.1"></a>(of several -things); <span lang="tl">Kalalamìg naŋ paà naŋ -maŋa bátaʾ!</span> <i>How cold the children’s -feet are!</i></p> -<p class="par">(b) With doubled root these forms intensify the quality: -<a id="a268.4" name="a268.4"></a><span lang= -"tl">Kaydámot-dámot naŋ báta ŋ -itò!</span> <i>What a terribly stingy child!</i> <a id="a268.5" -name="a268.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>(<span lang= -"tl">kaydámot, karámot</span> <i>what stinginess</i>! -<span lang="tl">aŋ dámot</span> <i>stinginess</i>).</p> -<p id="p403" class="par"><b>403.</b> A few forms with accented -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> prefixed to the root envisage the accidental -nature of the reciprocal relation: <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id= -"a268.8" name="a268.8"></a>maŋa damìt na itò ay -kásiya sa baòl.</span> <i>These clothes will fit into -<a id="a268.9" name="a268.9"></a>the trunk.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Akò aŋ kásundoʾ ni Pépe sa -pagpapalaròʾ naŋ bèsbol <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>sa maŋa bátaʾ.</span> <i>I am at -one with Pepe as to letting the children <a id="a268.11" name= -"a268.11"></a>play baseball.</i> <span lang="tl">Hábaŋ -akò y nagdádaàn, kátaon namà ŋ -isinábuy nya aŋ túbig.</span> <i>He threw out the -water at the very time, it happened, <a id="a268.13" name= -"a268.13"></a>that I was passing by.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -kàtiwálaʾ</span> <i>a confidential agent</i>, -<i>manager</i>, <i>overseer</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a268.15" name="a268.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>The words <span lang= -"tl">káluluwà</span> and <span lang= -"tl">kápuwàʾ</span>, which resemble this formation, -seem to be felt as simple roots and have been so treated here.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.3.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(2)</span> Normal transients, -abstracts, and special static forms.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p404" class="par first"><b>404.</b> <span lang= -"tl">k-um-a-</span>. An active with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> is made -from <span lang="tl">ka-úsap</span> <a id="a268.19" name= -"a268.19"></a>as underlying word: <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay -kumàkaúsap sa ákin.</span> <i>Juan <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>was talking at me, haranguing me.</i></p> -<p id="p405" class="par"><b>405.</b> <span lang="tl">mag-ka- -pag-ka-ka-</span>. Actives with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> and -abstracts with <span lang="tl">pag- r</span> from underlying words with -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> express a partial affection of the actor or -of a group of actors; <span lang="tl">ka-</span> here has its -involuntary force: the actor is not a rational and voluntary agent. -<a id="a268.25" name="a268.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span><span lang="tl">Nagkaroòn ako naŋ -trabáho kanína ŋ umága, sapagkàt -nagpasakày <a id="a268.26" name="a268.26"></a>akò sa -trèn naŋ maŋa kamátis naŋ tátay -ko.</span> <i>I was kept busy this morning, for I attended to the -shipping by train of my father’s tomatoes.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagkaroòn sya naŋ gálit.</span> <i>He harbored -ill-feeling.</i> <a id="a268.29" name="a268.29"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nagkagulò aŋ maŋa Amerikáno sa -pagdatìŋ naŋ Dòytsland.</span> <i>The -<span class="lineNum">30</span>Americans were surprised at the coming -of the “<span lang="de">Deutschland</span>”.</i> <a id= -"a268.31" name="a268.31"></a><span lang="tl">Nagkagustò sya -ŋ kumáin naŋ súhaʾ.</span> <i>He conceived -a desire of <a id="a268.32" name="a268.32"></a>eating grape-fruit.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagkàkalípon aŋ maŋa -laŋgàm sa púto.</span> <i>The <a id="a268.33" name= -"a268.33"></a>ants are getting all over the cake.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Akò y nagkamálay pagkaraàn naŋ -ilà ŋ sandalì ŋ paghihimatày.</span> -<i>I returned to consciousness <span class="lineNum">35</span>after a -few moments’ fainting-spell.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagkapálad si Hwàn na makaratìŋ <a id= -"a268.36" name="a268.36"></a>díto ŋ -maluwalhátiʾ.</span> <i>Juan was fortunate enough to get -<a id="a268.37" name="a268.37"></a>back here safe and sound.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pakwàn ay nagkasíraʾ.</span> -<i>The watermelon got partly spoiled.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -maŋa ságiŋ ay nagkasíraʾ sa -kalaúnan <a id="a268.39" name="a268.39"></a>naŋ -pagkàtágoʾ sa lalagyàn.</span> <i>Some of the -bananas got spoiled on <span class="lineNum">40</span>account of the -long time they were kept stored.</i> <span lang="tl">Nása -simbáhan. <a id="a268.41" name="a268.41"></a>silà -naŋ magkasúnog.</span> <i>They were at church when a fire -occurred.</i> <a id="a268.42" name="a268.42"></a><span lang="tl">Twi -ŋ papasúkin ko sa kuràl aŋ maŋa -kalabàw ay nagkákawalá <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb269" href="#pb269" name= -"pb269">269</a>]</span>silà.</span> <i>Every time I put the -<span class="corr" id="xd21e50981" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> into the corral, they get -away.</i></p> -<p class="par">So: <span lang="tl">búkol, -hinòg</span>.</p> -<p id="p406" class="par"><b>406.</b> <span lang="tl">mag-ka- (1) -pag-ka-ka- (1)</span>. Accent shift in this formation serves various -uses:</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>(a) It may be due to the -root: <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay nagkasakìt noo ŋ -bwà ŋ nagdaàn.</span> <i>Juan had a sickness last -month.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay <a id="a269.7" name= -"a269.7"></a>hindí makapútol naŋ káhoy, -sapagkàt mahínà pa sya dahilàn sa <a id= -"a269.8" name="a269.8"></a>pagkakasakìt.</span> <i>Juan cannot -cut wood, because he is still weak on account of his recent -illness.</i></p> -<p id="p406b" class="par"><a id="a269.10" name= -"a269.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>(b) It expresses -plurality: <span lang="tl">Magkákaputòl aŋ maŋa -tubò.</span> <a id="a269.11" name="a269.11"></a><i>The -sugar-cane will get broken in numbers.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagkaputòl aŋ maŋa tubò sa lakàs -naŋ háŋin.</span> <i>The sugar-cane broke in quantity -under <a id="a269.13" name="a269.13"></a>the violence of the wind.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagkákaputòl aŋ maŋa -tubò sa kalakasàn naŋ háŋin.</span> -<i>Much sugar-cane is breaking under the force of <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>the wind.</i></p> -<p class="par">So also from <span lang="tl">lúnod</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(c) The form is really a simple active with <span lang= -"tl">mag-</span> from an underlying word of the form <span lang= -"tl">ka- (1)</span>, § <a href="#p398c">398,c</a>; three words of -this <a id="a269.19" name="a269.19"></a>kind occur: <span lang= -"tl">Sila y nagkagalìt.</span> <i>They quarreled.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ pagkakagalìt</span> <a id="a269.20" -name="a269.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span><i>the quarrel</i>. -<span lang="tl">Aŋ Hapòn at aŋ Tsína ay -nagkasiràʾ.</span> <i>Japan and <a id="a269.21" name= -"a269.21"></a>China had a break.</i> <span lang="tl">Silà y -nagkatalò.</span> <i>They played a winning-and-losing <a id= -"a269.22" name="a269.22"></a>game.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagkatalu -nà aŋ maŋa nagsúsugàl.</span> <i>The -gamblers have lost and won, have finished their winning-and-losing -game.</i></p> -<p class="par">In accordance with § <a href="#p356">356</a>, the -underlying word is doubled with <a id="a269.25" name= -"a269.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>distributive plural -meaning: <span lang="tl">Sila ŋ ápat ay -nagkagá-kagalìt.</span> <i>The four of them all got angry -at one another.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly, an explicit plural with <span lang= -"tl">mag-si-pag-</span> is formed (cf. <a id="a269.28" name= -"a269.28"></a>§ <a href="#p386b">386,b</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Nagsipagkasirá silà.</span> <i>They had a falling -out.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a269.29" name="a269.29"></a><b>407.</b> <span id= -"p407a" class="">(a)</span> <span lang="tl">mag-ka- r pag-ka-ka- -r</span>. The reduplication of the <span class="lineNum">30</span>root -expresses repeated action in a form with retraction of accent <a id= -"a269.31" name="a269.31"></a>and irregular insertion of <span lang= -"tl">ŋ</span> after the prefix: <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagkàkaŋdadápaʾ</span>. <i>He kept falling on -his face.</i></p> -<p class="par">(b) <span lang="tl">mag-ka- D pag-ka-ka- D</span>. -Doubling of the root seems a more regular expression of the same value: -<span lang="tl">nagkàkaumpòg-umpòg</span>. -<span class="lineNum">35</span></p> -<p id="p408" class="par"><b>408.</b> Special static words with -<span lang="tl">mag-ka-</span> are simply dual collectives with -<span lang="tl">mag-</span> (§ <a href="#p358a">358,a</a>) from -underlying words with <span lang="tl">ka-</span> <a id="a269.38" name= -"a269.38"></a>(§ <a href="#p398">398</a>): <span lang="tl">Aŋ -banìg ni Hwàn at ni Pédro ay -magkaánib</span> (or: <span lang="tl">magkasánib</span>) -<a id="a269.39" name="a269.39"></a><span lang="tl">sa -pagkàlátag.</span> <i>Juan’s and Pedro’s -sleeping-mats overlap <a id="a269.40" name="a269.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>each other as they are spread.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ magkabaláe</span> <i>a pair of persons related by -intermarriage of their children</i> (more insistent on <a id="a269.42" -name="a269.42"></a>the relational element, but practically equal to -<span lang="tl">magbaláe</span>, § <a href= -"#p358a">358,a</a>). <span lang="tl">Aŋ dalawa ŋ manòk -ay magkabukòd naŋ kuluŋàn</span>. <i>The two -chickens <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb270" href="#pb270" name= -"pb270">270</a>]</span>were in separate crates.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ búkid ni Hwàn at ni Pédro ay <a id= -"a270.2" name="a270.2"></a>magkarátig.</span> <i>Juan’s -field and Pedro’s border on each other.</i> Si <a id="a270.3" -name="a270.3"></a><span lang="tl">Pédro at si Hwàn ay -magkapantày.</span> <i>Pedro and Juan are of the same -height.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ magkapatìd</span> <i>two -brothers or sisters</i>, <i>a brother and <a id="a270.5" name= -"a270.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>a sister</i>. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ magkapútol na si Andrès at si -Rafayèl</span> <i>the brothers Andrés and Rafael</i>. -<span lang="tl">Magkapútol kamì ni Hwàn naŋ -bároʾ.</span> <i>Juan and I have blouses made of the same -cloth.</i> <span lang="tl">dalawà ŋ bágay na <a id= -"a270.8" name="a270.8"></a>gàgawi ŋ -magkasunòd</span> <i>two things that are to be done one after -the other</i>.</p> -<p id="p408a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>(a) From -<span lang="tl">kababáyan</span> (§ <a href= -"#p398d">398,d</a>): <span lang="tl">dalawà ŋ -estudyànte ŋ magkababáyan</span> <i>two students -from the same town</i>.</p> -<p id="p409" class="par"><b>409.</b> <span lang="tl">mag-ka-ka</span>. -As the explicit plural corresponding to these duals reduplicates the -underlying word (§ <a href="#p358b">358,b</a>), the syllable -<a id="a270.14" name="a270.14"></a><span lang="tl">ka-</span> is -repeated in this meaning: <span lang="tl">aŋ -magkakapatìd</span> <i>a group of <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>three or more brothers and (or) sisters</i>; in the -same meaning <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a270.16" name= -"a270.16"></a>magkakapútol</span>. So also from: <span lang= -"tl">bukòd, sáma, súnoʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p409a" class="par">(a) The form <span lang= -"tl">magkababáyan</span> (§ <a href="#p408a">408,a</a>) -rejects the extra reduplication, and is therefore plural as well as -dual: <span lang="tl">tatlo ŋ estudyànte ŋ -magkababáyan</span> <i>three students from the same -town</i>.</p> -<p id="p410" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span><b>410.</b> -<span lang="tl">mag-kà- pag-ka-kà-</span>. The transient -with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> and abstract with <span lang="tl">pag- -r</span> from underlying words with <span lang="tl">kà-</span> -have the accidental value of the latter prefix, usually with a dual -reciprocal meaning. <span lang="tl">Sa kabilà ŋ -bandà mo ibwàl aŋ púno ŋ iyàn, -sapagkàt <a id="a270.24" name="a270.24"></a>kuŋ irè -ay ibuwal kò y baká magkádagan aŋ dalawa -ŋ púnoʾ.</span> <span class="lineNum">25</span><i>Fell -your tree in the direction away from me, so that if I fell this <a id= -"a270.26" name="a270.26"></a>one, the two trees won’t fall one on -top of the other.</i> <span lang="tl">Magkàkàdagàn -<a id="a270.27" name="a270.27"></a>aŋ dalawa ŋ púno -ŋ itò, kapag hindí mo ibinwàl sa -kabilà ŋ bandà iya ŋ pinùpútol -mo.</span> <i>These two trees will fall one on top of the other, if you -don’t make the one you are cutting down fall <a id="a270.30" -name="a270.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>the other way.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagkádagan aŋ dalawa ŋ -bátaʾ naŋ mahúlog sila <a id="a270.31" name= -"a270.31"></a>sa hagdàn.</span> <i>The two children landed one -on top of the other when <a id="a270.32" name="a270.32"></a>they fell -from the ladder.</i> <span lang="tl">Ilabas mò sa búkid, -Kulàs, aŋ dalawa <a id="a270.33" name="a270.33"></a>ŋ -sáko ŋ pálay na nagkàkàdagàn na -nása baŋàn.</span> <i>Nicolás, take out to -the field the two bags of rice that are lying one on top of the -<span class="lineNum">35</span>other in the granary.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkakáiba naŋ ugáli ni Pédro at -ni Hwàn ay gáya naŋ pagkakáiba naŋ -túbig at naŋ apòy.</span> <i>The difference in -character between Pedro and Juan is like the difference <a id="a270.38" -name="a270.38"></a>between water and fire.</i> <span lang= -"tl">magkáhiwalày</span> <i>part from each other (by -<a id="a270.39" name="a270.39"></a>force of circumstances, of two -people)</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ ikinahátì naŋ -palayòk <a id="a270.40" name="a270.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>ay aŋ masamà ŋ pagkakálagay -nitò.</span> <i>What caused the rice-pot to <a id="a270.41" -name="a270.41"></a>break was the bad way it was placed.</i> <span lang= -"tl">magkàmáyaw</span> <i>harmonize</i>. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ <a id="a270.42" name= -"a270.42"></a>pagkakásabày</span> <i>the happening at the -same time of two events</i>. <span lang="tl">Sya <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb271" href="#pb271" name= -"pb271">271</a>]</span><a id="a271.1" name="a271.1"></a>y -nagkàsála.</span> <i>He sinned</i> (against the moral -order, God, etc.) <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkakàsála kay -Bathálaʾ ay pinarùrusáhan sa -infiyèrno.</span> <i>Sinning against God is punished in -hell.</i> <span lang="tl">Bìbilhin kò aŋ -kabáyo ŋ iyòn, <a id="a271.4" name= -"a271.4"></a>kuŋ magkàkàsya aŋ áki -ŋ kwaltà.</span> <i>I shall buy this horse, if my <a id= -"a271.5" name="a271.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>money is -sufficient.</i> <span lang="tl">Walá sila ŋ -pagkakásundòʾ.</span> <i>The two don’t <a id= -"a271.6" name="a271.6"></a>agree on anything.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ pagkakátaòn</span> <i>the coincidence in -time of one <a id="a271.7" name="a271.7"></a>event with another, of two -events</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ -pagkakátayòʾ</span> <i>the standing up together</i> -(even of more than two people).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a271.9" name="a271.9"></a>(a) Somewhat different -are <span lang="tl">kuŋ magkàbihíraʾ</span> -<i>at odd times</i>; <a id="a271.10" name="a271.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span><span lang="tl">kuŋ -magkágayòn</span> <i>when things turn out thus</i>, -<i>when this is the state <a id="a271.11" name="a271.11"></a>of -affairs</i>. So also, with static value: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -magkábila ŋ dúlo naŋ <a id="a271.12" name= -"a271.12"></a>lápis ay matúlis.</span> <i>Both ends of -the pencil are sharpened.</i></p> -<p id="p411" class="par"><b>411.</b> <span lang="tl">mag-kà- D -pag-ka-kà- D.</span> With doubled root plurality <a id="a271.14" -name="a271.14"></a>is expressed: <span lang= -"tl">Nagkàhiwá-hiwalày aŋ maŋa -dáhun naŋ <span class="corr" id="xd21e51633" title= -"Source: lìbro">librò</span>.</span> <i>The <a id= -"a271.15" name="a271.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>leaves of -the book came apart.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -ginágawá nya ŋ paŋísip <a id="a271.16" -name="a271.16"></a>naŋ maŋa makabuluhà ŋ -fétsa naŋ istòriya ay aŋ -pagkakàsunòd-sunòd <a id="a271.17" name= -"a271.17"></a>at pagítan nilà.</span> <i>He remembers the -important dates of history by their sequence and their -intervals.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a271.19" name="a271.19"></a>(a) With accent -shift, from a barytone root: <span lang= -"tl">Nagkàputol-putòl <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>aŋ katawàn naŋ táo ŋ -nàsagasáan naŋ trèn.</span> <i>The body of -<a id="a271.21" name="a271.21"></a>the man who was run over by the -train got all mangled.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagkàkàputol-putòl <a id="a271.22" name= -"a271.22"></a>aŋ katawàn naŋ bála ŋ -táo ŋ màsagasáan naŋ trèn.</span> -<a id="a271.23" name="a271.23"></a><i>The body of a person run over by -a train is cut to pieces.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magkàkàputol-putòl <a id="a271.24" name= -"a271.24"></a>aŋ túbo ŋ kristàl na iyàn -kapag iyo ŋ ibinagsàk.</span> <i>If <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>you drop that glass tube, it will break into a -thousand pieces.</i></p> -<p id="p412" class="par"><b>412.</b> <span lang="tl">ka- (1) -in, -k-in-a-</span>. The simple direct passive is formed from an underlying -derived word with <span lang="tl">ka-</span> with normal meaning. So -from <span lang="tl">ka-lában, ka-úsap</span>.</p> -<p id="p412a" class="par">(a) A special static word corresponding to -those in § <a href="#p366">366</a> is <a id="a271.30" name= -"a271.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><span lang="tl">aŋ -kinákapatìd</span> <i>the child of one’s -godparents</i> (from <span lang="tl">ka-patìd</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a271.31" name="a271.31"></a>From it are derived -the dual collective (§ <a href="#p358a">358,a</a>) <span lang= -"tl">magkinákapatìd</span> <a id="a271.32" name= -"a271.32"></a><i>a pair of such</i>, and the plural (§ <a href= -"#p358b">358,b</a>) <span lang= -"tl">magkikinákapatìd</span> <i>three or more, as a -group</i>.</p> -<p id="p413" class="par"><b>413.</b> <span lang="tl">i-ka- -i-k-in-a-</span>. The instrumental passive with prefix <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> <span class="lineNum">35</span>has a specialized -meaning: it expresses transiently, <i>an inanimate, or at least -irrational and involuntary, object or circumstance which causes such -and such an action</i>: and this latter action is in turn also -involuntary or out of control of the actor (as, for instance, the -ability to do a thing), see § <a href="#p432">432</a> ff.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a271.40" name="a271.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span><span lang="tl">Aŋ kawalàn ni -Andrès naŋ hánap-búhay sa báya ŋ -itò ay sya <a id="a271.41" name="a271.41"></a>nyà ŋ -ikinaalìs.</span> <i>Andrés’ inability to make a -living in this town <a id="a271.42" name="a271.42"></a>is what forced -him to leave.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ malì ŋ -anyò naŋ pulúbe ay siyà <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb272" href="#pb272" name= -"pb272">272</a>]</span><a id="a272.1" name="a272.1"></a>ŋ -ikinaáwaʾ sa kanya ni Hwàn.</span> <i>The bad -condition of the beggar <a id="a272.2" name="a272.2"></a>was what made -Juan pity him.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagsasakày naŋ -kutséro naŋ <a id="a272.3" name="a272.3"></a>maŋa -táo ŋ may sakìt na nakàhàháwa -ay sya ŋ ikinabáwì naŋ <a id="a272.4" name= -"a272.4"></a>kanya ŋ pahintúlot.</span> <i>The -driver’s taking people with contagious <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>diseases into his carriage was what caused his -license to be withdrawn.</i> <a id="a272.6" name= -"a272.6"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ ikinaháraŋ naŋ -maŋà naglálakàd ay aŋ pagkáalam -naŋ maŋa tulisàn na silà y may dalà -ŋ kwaltà.</span> <i>What caused the wayfarers to be held up -was the robbers’ happening to know that <a id="a272.9" name= -"a272.9"></a>they had money with them.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ikinaháte ni Hwàn sa búŋa aŋ kanya -<a id="a272.10" name="a272.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>ŋ laséta.</span> <i>Juan’s knife -enabled him to cut the betel fruit.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkasála <a id="a272.11" name="a272.11"></a>nya sa -siŋsìŋ ay aŋ hindí niya ikinakúha -naŋ ganti ŋ pálaʾ.</span> <i>His missing the ring -is what kept him from winning the prize.</i> <a id="a272.13" name= -"a272.13"></a><span lang="tl">Yòn ay áki ŋ -ikinalúluŋkòt.</span> <i>I am sorry, I am sorry to -hear that.</i> <a id="a272.14" name="a272.14"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ paŋuŋublì naŋ maŋa -sundálo ay sya nilà ŋ hindí -ikinamatày.</span> <a id="a272.15" name= -"a272.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><i>The soldiers’ -keeping in hiding is what saved their lives.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ikinapútol <a id="a272.16" name="a272.16"></a>naŋ -yantòk na pamáloʾ aŋ pagkàpálu -kay Hwàn.</span> <i>The caning <a id="a272.17" name= -"a272.17"></a>Juan got broke the rattan that was used on him.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ikinapùpútol naŋ marámi -ŋ tubò aŋ malakàs na háŋin.</span> -<i>The strong wind is <a id="a272.19" name="a272.19"></a>making much -sugar-cane break.</i> <span lang="tl">Ikapùpútol naŋ -maŋa saŋà naŋ <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>káhoy aŋ malakàs na -háŋi ŋ itò.</span> <i>This strong wind will -cause many branches of trees to break off.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ikapùpútol nya sa maŋa kawáyan <a id= -"a272.22" name="a272.22"></a>aŋ paggúlaŋ -nitò.</span> <i>The aging of the bamboo plants will force him -<a id="a272.23" name="a272.23"></a>to cut them down.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkalúnod naŋ Kastílaʾ ay -ikinatákot naŋ tatlò ŋ -magkakaybígan.</span> <i>The drowning of the Spaniard frightened -<a id="a272.25" name="a272.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>the -three friends.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanyà ŋ -pagmamasìd sa maŋa tálaʾ sa gabì <a id= -"a272.26" name="a272.26"></a>ay sya nyà ŋ malakì -ŋ ikinatútuwàʾ.</span> <i>His observation of -the stars at night is his great source of pleasure.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly, from: <span lang="tl">biŋì, -búhay, búti, gálit, háŋoʾ, -húlog, káya, lípat, lúgi, -túloŋ, walàʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p414" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>414.</b> -<span lang="tl">i-pag-ka- i-p-in-ag-ka.</span> With <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span> this instrumental passive corresponds to the active -with <span lang="tl">magka-</span> (§ <a href="#p405">405</a>). -The reduplication of the durative forms affects the <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a272.33" name="a272.33"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ipinagkagusto nyà ŋ kumáin naŋ -sorbétes ay aŋ kainítan.</span> <a id="a272.34" -name="a272.34"></a><i>It is the heat which makes him want to eat -ices.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipagkákamatày <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>naŋ maŋa manòk aŋ -masamà ŋ túbig.</span> <i>The bad water will make -<a id="a272.36" name="a272.36"></a>the chickens die.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kalamigàn sa tagulàn ay sya ŋ -ipinagkàkamuò <a id="a272.37" name="a272.37"></a>naŋ -túbig sa ílog.</span> <i>The cold weather in winter is -what <a id="a272.38" name="a272.38"></a>makes the water in the river -congeal.</i> <span lang="tl">Baká ipagkawalá naŋ -<a id="a272.39" name="a272.39"></a>maŋa manòk sa -kuluŋàn aŋ pagpapapások mo doòn -niyà ŋ <span class="lineNum">40</span>áso.</span> -<i>See that your putting that dog into the enclosure doesn’t -<a id="a272.41" name="a272.41"></a>make the chickens try to get -away.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipagkákawalà naŋ -bíhag <a id="a272.42" name="a272.42"></a>aŋ -pagkàbalítaʾ sa kanyà naŋ parúsa -ŋ kàkamtan nyà.</span> <i>The captive’s being -told of the punishment he will get<span class="corr" id="xd21e52033" -title="Not in source">,</span> <span class="corr" id="xd21e52036" -title="Source: make">will make</span> him try <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb273" href="#pb273" name= -"pb273">273</a>]</span><a id="a273.1" name="a273.1"></a>to escape.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ipinagkawalá nya sa kùlúŋan -aŋ pagpapahírap sa <a id="a273.2" name= -"a273.2"></a>kanyà.</span> <i>Their torturing him made him -escape from his confinement.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinagkákawalà nya sa bìlaŋgúan -aŋ masamà ŋ pagpapakáin sa kanya -díto.</span> <i>The bad food they gave him in the jail made -<span class="lineNum">5</span>him try to escape.</i></p> -<p id="p415" class="par"><b>415.</b> Similarly, with accent shift this -passive corresponds to <a id="a273.7" name="a273.7"></a>the active with -<span lang="tl">mag-ka- (1)</span>, § <a href="#p406b">406,b</a>. -<span lang="tl">Ipinagkàkabalèʾ</span> (or: -<span lang="tl">ipinagkàkaputòl</span>) <a id="a273.8" -name="a273.8"></a><span lang="tl">naŋ maŋa saŋà -naŋ káhoy aŋ bagyò ŋ itò.</span> -<i>This hurricane <a id="a273.9" name="a273.9"></a>is breaking off many -branches of trees.</i> <span lang="tl">Naŋ ipagkaputòl -naŋ <span class="lineNum">10</span>áki ŋ maŋa -tubò aŋ háŋin ay naluŋkùt -akò.</span> <i>When the wind broke <a id="a273.11" name= -"a273.11"></a>down my sugar-cane I was dismayed.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinagkaputòl naŋ maŋa tubò aŋ -malakàs na háŋi ŋ nagdaàn.</span> <i>The -recent strong wind broke down much sugar-cane.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a273.14" name="a273.14"></a>Similarly: -<span lang="tl">ipinagkasakìt (sákit)</span>.</p> -<p id="p416" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>416.</b> -Special static forms with <span lang="tl">i-ka-</span> are made from -the numerals, with occasional contraction, forming <i>ordinals</i> and -<i>fractions</i>: <a id="a273.17" name="a273.17"></a><span lang= -"tl">ikaánim ikánim</span> <i>the sixth</i>; <span lang= -"tl">ikaápat ikápat</span> <i>the fourth</i>, <i>a <a id= -"a273.18" name="a273.18"></a>fourth</i>, <i>a quarter</i>; <span lang= -"tl">ikalawà</span> <i>the second</i>; <span lang= -"tl">ikalimà</span> <i>the fifth</i>; <span lang= -"tl">ikapitò</span> <a id="a273.19" name="a273.19"></a><i>the -seventh</i>; <span lang="tl">ikatlò</span> <i>the third</i>. Cf. -§ <a href="#p347a">347,a</a>.</p> -<p id="p416a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>(a) The -ordinal corresponding to <span lang="tl">isà</span> <i>one</i> -is however the independent <a id="a273.21" name="a273.21"></a>root -<span lang="tl">úna</span> <i>first</i>; <i>half</i> is -<span lang="tl">kalaháteʾ</span>, § <a href= -"#p519">519</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a273.22" name="a273.22"></a>(b) From phrases, of -course, the higher numbers: <span lang= -"tl">ikaisa-ŋ-daàn</span> <a id="a273.23" name= -"a273.23"></a><i>hundredth</i>; <span lang= -"tl">ikaisa-ŋ-laksàʾ</span> <i>millionth</i>; -<span lang="tl">ikaisa-ŋ-líbo</span> <i>thousandth</i>; -<a id="a273.24" name="a273.24"></a><span lang= -"tl">ikasa-m-pùʾ</span> <i>tenth</i>; <span lang= -"tl">ikalabi-ŋ-isà</span> <i>eleventh</i>; <span lang= -"tl">ikadalawa-ŋ-pùʾ</span> <i>twentieth</i>; <a id= -"a273.25" name="a273.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">ikadalawa-ŋ-pù-t-isà</span> -<i>twenty-first</i>.</p> -<p id="p417" class="par"><b>417.</b> <span lang="tl">i-kà- -i-k-in-à-</span>. The instrumental passive from the root with -accented <span lang="tl">kà-</span> differs from that with -unaccented <span lang="tl">ka-</span> (§ <a href="#p413">413</a>) -in that the action or occurrence caused is not only involuntary but -accidental and entirely out of the control of the actor (see -<span class="lineNum">30</span>§ <a href="#p458">458</a> ff.).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a273.31" name="a273.31"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ikinàgùgusto kò sa kayibígan -ko ŋ si Hwàn ay aŋ kanya ŋ mabaìt na -ugáliʾ.</span> <i>What makes me have a liking for my friend -<a id="a273.33" name="a273.33"></a>Juan is his lovable character.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ ginawá nya ŋ paggugupìt sa -<a id="a273.34" name="a273.34"></a>maŋa retáso ŋ -itinàtágo naŋ kanya ŋ nánay ay sya -nyà ŋ ikinàpáloʾ.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">35</span><i>His cutting up the patches his mother was saving -is what <a id="a273.36" name="a273.36"></a>made it necessary to thrash -him.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ ikinásakay nyà sa -kabáyo ŋ <a id="a273.37" name= -"a273.37"></a>bara-barà ay aŋ kawalàn nya naŋ -iba ŋ kabáyo.</span> <i>What made him <a id="a273.38" name= -"a273.38"></a>get on the wild horse was his lack of other horses.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ikinátahol naŋ áso aŋ -pagkádapá ni Hwan.</span> <i>Juan’s falling down -made the dog <span class="lineNum">40</span>bark.</i></p> -<p class="par">So also from: <span lang="tl">iyàk, -pátag</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(a) Accent shift is due to the root: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkátahol naŋ áso <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb274" href="#pb274" name="pb274">274</a>]</span>ay -sya ŋ ikinágisiŋ naŋ natùtúlug na -bátaʾ.</span> <i>The barking of the <a id="a274.2" name= -"a274.2"></a>dog was what made the sleeping child wake up.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ikàtàtawa nyà aŋ iyo ŋ -sàsabíhin.</span> <i>He won’t be able to keep from -laughing when <a id="a274.4" name="a274.4"></a>you say that.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ikinàtàtawà ni Hwàn aŋ -sinábi ni Pédro.</span> <i>What <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Pedro said makes Juan laugh in spite of -himself.</i></p> -<p id="p418" class="par"><b>418.</b> Corresponding to primary actives -with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> contrasted with <span lang= -"tl">-um-</span>, and with <span lang="tl">maŋ-</span>, we should -expect <span lang="tl">pag-</span> and <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span> -to be retained before the root in these formations; the only example -is: <span lang="tl">ikinápagtirà</span>, corresponding to -<span lang="tl">magtirà</span>, in contrast with <span lang= -"tl">tumirà</span> <span class="lineNum">10</span>(§§ -<a href="#p348">348</a>. <a href="#p351">351</a>).</p> -<p id="p419" class="par"><b>419.</b> <span lang="tl">ka- (1) -an, -k-in-a- (1) -an</span>. The local passive with <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> is used when the action is an involuntary one, -especially an emotion, of a rational actor, or when the actor is -inanimate or irrational.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a274.15" name="a274.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">Aŋ hulihàn naŋ -maŋa kinagalítan ni Patúpat ay idináos -naŋ maŋa gwàrdiya-sibìl kagabè.</span> -<i>The arrest of the people who have incurred Patupat’s anger was -carried out by the gendarmes last <a id="a274.18" name= -"a274.18"></a>night.</i> <span lang="tl">Kahiyaàn mò -aŋ táo ŋ matandàʾ.</span> <i>Reverence the -aged.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a274.19" name= -"a274.19"></a>kinahulúgan naŋ bátaʾ</span> -<i>the place from which the child fell</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -<span class="lineNum">20</span>bintána ŋ iyàn -aŋ syà ŋ kahùhulúgan naŋ -bátaʾ, pag hindí mo isinarà.</span> <i>The -child will fall out of that window, if you don’t shut <a id= -"a274.22" name="a274.22"></a>it.</i> <span lang="tl">Baká ninyo -kalunúran aŋ ílog, maŋa -bátaʾ.</span> <i>See that you <a id="a274.23" name= -"a274.23"></a>don’t get drowned in that river, children.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ kalùlunúran ay -aŋ ílog na itò.</span> <i>He will get drowned in -this river some day.</i> <span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">aŋ báhay na kinamatayàn</span> <i>the house -where someone died</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ báhay naŋ -kinamatayàn</span> <i>the house in which someone died</i>, -<i>the house of <a id="a274.27" name="a274.27"></a>the bereaved -family</i>. <span lang="tl">Kinapatiràn naŋ lúbid -aŋ lugàr na malápit <a id="a274.28" name= -"a274.28"></a>sa -dúlo-ŋ-bandà-ŋ-kaliwàʾ.</span> -<i>The rope broke at a point near the <a id="a274.29" name= -"a274.29"></a>left-hand end.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kapàpatiràn naŋ sinúlid ay malápit sa -buhòl.</span> <a id="a274.30" name="a274.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span><i>The place where the thread will break is near the -knot there.</i> <span lang="tl">Kinatakútan <a id="a274.31" -name="a274.31"></a>nya aŋ báhay na pinagpatayàn sa -kúraʾ.</span> <i>He was afraid of the house where the -priest was killed.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kinatàtakútan naŋ maŋa bátaʾ ay -aŋ núnoʾ.</span> <i>The children are afraid of the -ghost.</i> <span lang="tl">Katakútan <a id="a274.34" name= -"a274.34"></a>ninyò aŋ núnoʾ.</span> <i>You had -better be afraid of ghosts.</i> <span lang="tl">Kinatamaràn -<span class="lineNum">35</span>ni Hwàn aŋ kanyà -ŋ pagaáral.</span> <i>Juan became neglectful <a id= -"a274.36" name="a274.36"></a>about his studying.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naŋ katamaràn ni Hwàn aŋ kanya ŋ -pagaáral ay malápit na syà ŋ makatápos -naŋ karéra.</span> <i>When Juan became lazy about his -studies, he was already near the end of his course.</i> <a id="a274.39" -name="a274.39"></a><span lang="tl">Katàtamaran nyà -aŋ kanyà ŋ pagaáral, pag binigyàn mo -syà naŋ <span class="lineNum">40</span>marámi ŋ -salapèʾ.</span> <i>He will be lazy about his studies, if -you give him too much money.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly from: <span lang="tl">buwísit, -íwan, kíta, walàʾ</span>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb275" href="#pb275" name="pb275">275</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a275.1" name="a275.1"></a>(a) With shifted root: -<span lang="tl">Isa ŋ pulúbe aŋ -kinaàawaàn ni Hwàn.</span> <i>It was a beggar who -aroused Juan’s pity.</i></p> -<p id="p420" class="par"><b>420.</b> <span lang="tl">pag-ka- (1) -an, -p-in-ag-ka- (1) -an; pag-ka- (2) -an, p-in-ag-ka- (2) -an.</span> Local -passives with <span lang="tl">pag-</span> before the <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> involve <span class="lineNum">5</span>a plurality of -actors. The durative reduplication affects the <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span>; barytone roots have an extra accent-shift.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a275.7" name="a275.7"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -kináin naŋ usà ay malakì ŋ -pinagkàkagustuhàn naŋ maŋa <a id="a275.8" name= -"a275.8"></a>Ilóko.</span> <i>The Iloco are very fond of the -contents of deers’ stomachs.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinagkàkalipumpunàn naŋ maŋa -laŋgàm aŋ púto.</span> <i>The ants are <a id= -"a275.10" name="a275.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>swarming -all over the cake.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pinagkamatayàn -naŋ maŋa kambèŋ ay aŋ lugàr na -itò.</span> <i>This is the place where the goats perished.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ dalhìn sa bundòk -aŋ maŋa manòk, sapagkàt iyò y -kanilà <a id="a275.13" name="a275.13"></a>ŋ -pagkàkamatayàn.</span> <i>Don’t take the chickens -into the hills, for they would die there.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a275.15" name="a275.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>Barytone roots: <span lang= -"tl">Pinagkatakutàn nilà aŋ báhay na -pinagpatayàn sa kúraʾ.</span> <i>They were afraid of -the house where the priest was killed.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinagkàkatakutàn nilà aŋ maŋa -mababagsìk na háyop.</span> <a id="a275.18" name= -"a275.18"></a><i>They are afraid of wild animals.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hwag mò ŋ ipamalítaʾ aŋ -nàkíta <a id="a275.19" name="a275.19"></a>nátin -díto, sapagkàt baká aŋ lugàr na -itò y pagkatakutàn.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">20</span><i>Don’t tell what we have seen here, for this -place would be feared.</i> <a id="a275.21" name= -"a275.21"></a><span lang="tl">Pagkàkatakutàn nilà -aŋ lugàr na itò, pag nàláman -nilà aŋ naŋyári <a id="a275.22" name= -"a275.22"></a>ŋ paghaharaŋàn díto.</span> -<i>They will be afraid of this place when <a id="a275.23" name= -"a275.23"></a>they know of the hold-ups that occurred here.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ pinagkatalunàn</span> <i>that which was -the occasion of winning by many</i> (<span lang= -"tl">tálo</span>).</p> -<p id="p421" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>421.</b> -<span lang="tl">ka- S -an.</span> Special static words, corresponding -to those with <span lang="tl">S -an</span> (§ <a href= -"#p377">377</a>) are formed with prefix <span lang="tl">ka-</span> from -oxytone roots; <a id="a275.27" name="a275.27"></a>in meaning they are -collectives and abstracts of quality: <span lang="tl">aŋ -kasàyáhan</span> <a id="a275.28" name= -"a275.28"></a><i>gladness</i>; <span lang="tl">Aŋ -katàmáran ni Patrísiyo ay katutúboʾ sa -kanya <a id="a275.29" name="a275.29"></a>ŋ -láhiʾ.</span> <i>Patricio’s laziness is inborn in his -family.</i> So from the <span class="lineNum">30</span>roots: -<span lang="tl">baìt, banàl, damdàm, -daŋàl, duwàg, lagày, luŋkòt, -luwàŋ, mahàl, malìʾ, matày, -pintàs, saŋkàp, tuŋkòl, -tuwàʾ, tuwìd</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Divergent in meaning is <span lang="tl">aŋ -Kapampáŋan</span> <i>a Pampanga</i>, if from <span lang= -"tl">paŋpàŋ.</span></p> -<p class="par">The secondary accent is lacking, irregularly, in -<span lang="tl">kalayáan</span> <a id="a275.35" name= -"a275.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>(<span lang= -"tl">layàʾ</span>); with contraction in <span lang= -"tl">kayiláŋan, kayláŋan</span> (beside -<span lang="tl">kailáŋan</span>, from <span lang= -"tl">ilàŋ</span>).</p> -<p id="p421a" class="par">(a) This latter word underlies an active with -<span lang="tl">maŋ-</span>, an abstract <a id="a275.38" name= -"a275.38"></a>with <span lang="tl">paŋ- r</span>, and a simple -direct passive: <span lang= -"tl">naŋàŋayiláŋan</span> <i>requires</i>; -<a id="a275.39" name="a275.39"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ -paŋaŋayiláŋan</span> <i>need</i>, -<i>necessity</i>; <span lang="tl">Kàkayilaŋáni -ŋ magdaàn <span class="lineNum">40</span>si Pédro -ríto bágu sya umalìs.</span> <i>Pedro will have to -come here before he leaves.</i></p> -<p id="p421b" class="par">(b) From a derived word, with the secondary -accent irregularly <a id="a275.43" name="a275.43"></a>placed: -<span lang="tl">Boo ŋ báyan ay nagdíwaŋ sa -kapaŋànákan ni Risàl.</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb276" href="#pb276" name= -"pb276">276</a>]</span><i>The whole country celebrated Rizal’s -birthday</i>; also: <span lang="tl">aŋ áraw naŋ -kapaŋànákan</span> <i>birthday</i>,—from -<span lang="tl">paŋanàk</span> (§ <a href= -"#p347">347</a>).</p> -<p id="p422" class="par"><b>422.</b> <span lang="tl">ka- (2) --an.</span> Barytone roots have, in the same sense, an accent shift of -two syllables, corresponding to § <a href="#p379">379</a>. -<span lang="tl">Boò ŋ <a id="a276.5" name= -"a276.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>kabahayàn aŋ -nàkíta námin sa gitnà naŋ -daàn.</span> <i>We saw a whole set of household goods in the -middle of the road</i>; also: <span lang="tl">aŋ -kabahayàn</span> <i>a house containing several dwellings</i>. -<span lang="tl">Marámi sa maŋa táo <a id="a276.8" -name="a276.8"></a>aŋ nakàkìkilála naŋ -kanila ŋ karapatàn, dátapuwat -nakalìlímot <a id="a276.9" name="a276.9"></a>naŋ -kanila ŋ katuŋkúlan.</span> <i>Many are the people who -know their <span class="lineNum">10</span>rights but forget their -duties.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ karamútan naŋ -páreʾ ay nagìŋ <a id="a276.11" name= -"a276.11"></a>kasabihàn.</span> <i>The stinginess of the priest -is proverbial.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ katakutàn sa -Dyòs ay isa ŋ kabàítan.</span> <i>Fear of the -Lord is a virtue.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagbibigày -naŋ sigarìlyo ay isa sa maŋa matatandà ŋ -kaugaliàn sa Filipínas.</span> <i>Giving cigarettes is -one of the old customs in the Philippines.</i> <a id="a276.15" name= -"a276.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">aŋ -kawikaàn</span> <i>a proverb</i>.</p> -<p class="par">So from <span lang="tl">abála, áraw, -búlo, gámit, húlog, íbig, -láŋit, payápaʾ, síraʾ, -tápos, útos</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a276.18" name="a276.18"></a>With contraction: -<span lang="tl">kahariyàn, kaharyàn -(háriʾ)</span>, and, if from <a id="a276.19" name= -"a276.19"></a><span lang="tl">táo, katawàn</span> -<i>body</i>.</p> -<p id="p422a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>(a) From the -latter word there is an abstract of action, with <span lang= -"tl">paŋ- r: aŋ paŋaŋatawàn</span> -<i>physique</i> (cf. <span lang="tl">pananamìt</span>, etc., -§ <a href="#p357">357</a>).</p> -<p id="p423" class="par"><b>423.</b> <span lang="tl">ka- (1) --an</span>. Corresponding to the formation <span lang="tl">(1) --an</span> (§ <a href="#p378">378</a>), the collective-abstracts -of this type with <span lang="tl">ka-</span> have formal irregularities -and, where there is any contrast (e. g. <span lang= -"tl">mahàl</span>), less <span class="lineNum">25</span>explicit -and more specialized meaning than the preceding two groups.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a276.27" name="a276.27"></a><span lang= -"tl">aŋ kaalátan</span> <i>saltiness</i> (of water). -<span lang="tl">Sa gabì ŋ itò aŋ -kabilúgan <a id="a276.28" name="a276.28"></a>naŋ -buwàn.</span> <i>The fullness of the moon is tonight.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kadalamhatían <a id="a276.29" name= -"a276.29"></a>ay isa ŋ damdámi ŋ hindí -nàràrápat sa táo.</span> <i>Grief is an -<a id="a276.30" name="a276.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>emotion not becoming to a man or woman.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ karunúŋan</span> <i>wisdom</i>. -<a id="a276.31" name="a276.31"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ -kahaŋalàn</span> <i>foolishness</i> (<span lang= -"tl">aŋ haŋàl</span> <i>a fool</i>). <span lang= -"tl">aŋ kaibhàn</span> <i>the difference</i>. <a id= -"a276.32" name="a276.32"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ -kalinísan</span> <i>cleanness</i>, <i>cleanliness</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ kamatsiŋàn</span> -<i>monkey-tricks</i>, <a id="a276.33" name= -"a276.33"></a><i>naughtiness</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ -kamuráhan</span> <i>cheapness</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Sawìʾ aŋ kanya ŋ <a id="a276.34" name= -"a276.34"></a>kapaláran.</span> <i>His luck is bad.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sa kapanayàn naŋ ulàn kuŋ -tagulàn <a id="a276.35" name="a276.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>ay hindí masiglà aŋ -báyan.</span> <i>The town is not cheerful during the unabated -rains of the rainy season.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa -táo y marámi ŋ kasalánan.</span> <a id= -"a276.37" name="a276.37"></a><i>People have many sins.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ kasamaàn</span> <i>badness</i>. <span lang= -"tl">kasawiàn</span> <a id="a276.38" name="a276.38"></a><i>poor -position</i>, <i>awkwardness</i>. <span lang= -"tl">kasinuŋalíŋan</span> <i>falsehood</i>, <i>a -lie</i>. <span lang="tl">kasipágan</span> <a id="a276.39" name= -"a276.39"></a><i>diligence</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -desgrásya ŋ naŋyári kay Hwàn ay isa -ŋ <a id="a276.40" name="a276.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>hampàs naŋ katalagahàn.</span> -<i>The misfortune which has come to Juan <a id="a276.41" name= -"a276.41"></a>is a blow of fate.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanila -ŋ pagílag ay hindí katapáŋan.</span> -<i>Their fleeing was not a brave act.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -boò ŋ kataúhan</span> <i>all mankind</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb277" href= -"#pb277" name="pb277">277</a>]</span>katipúnan</span> <i>a -meeting</i>, <span lang="tl">Katipúnan</span> <i>a secret -society organized against the Spaniards</i>; <i>a member of this</i>. -<span class="corr" id="xd21e53270" title="Not in source"><span lang= -"tl">kayabáŋan</span> <i>pride</i>.</span></p> -<p class="par">So from: <span lang="tl">bábaʾ, -bábaw, bigàt, buháŋin, búhay, -búti, dalàs, dámi, dámot, -dániw</span> (if <span lang="tl">karaniyúwan</span> is so -to be analyzed), <span lang="tl">dilìm, <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>ginháwa, gúbat, hábaʾ, -hínaʾ, hírap, iklìʾ, ínit, -lakàs, lakì, lamìg, lápad, láon, -liìt, lóko, lúnod, lupìt, mahàl, -maŋmàŋ, páraŋ, fiyèsta, -pulòʾ, sakìm, salàt, salbáhi, -<span class="corr" id="xd21e53300" title= -"Not in source">salúkoy,</span> taàs, Tagálog, -tahímik, tákaw, tákot, talíno, -tampalásan, taŋháliʾ, túlin, -túnay, totoò, ulòl, walàʾ, <a id= -"xd21e53306" name="xd21e53306"></a>yáman</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a277.10" name="a277.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>(a) From a phrase: <span lang="tl">Iyò y -kawala-ŋ-hyaàn ni Pédro.</span> <i>That was a -shameless action of Pedro’s</i> (<span lang="tl">walà -ŋ hiyàʾ</span>).</p> -<p id="p423b" class="par"><a id="a277.12" name="a277.12"></a>(b) From -derived words: <span lang="tl">aŋ -Kakapampaŋánan</span> <i>the Pampanga country</i> -(<span lang="tl">Kapampáŋan</span>, § <a href= -"#p421">421</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a277.14" name="a277.14"></a><span lang= -"tl">aŋ boò ŋ kamaganákan nina Krùs, -Bantòg, at iba pà</span> <i>the whole <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>relationship of the Cruz’s, Bantogs, and so -on</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ boò ŋ kamaganákan -<a id="a277.16" name="a277.16"></a>ni Pédro Vyóla</span> -<i>the whole family of Pedro Viola</i> (<span lang= -"tl">magának</span>, § <a href="#p358a">358,a</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">aŋ kapaŋyaríhan</span> -<i>power</i> (<span lang="tl">-paŋyári</span>, as though by -§ <a href="#p347">347</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>424.</b> <span lang="tl">ka- r (1) -an, ka- r (2) --an</span>. With reduplication of the <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>root and accent shift of one syllable for an oxytone -root, of two in barytone roots, <span lang="tl">ka-</span> and -<span lang="tl">-an</span> form special static words denoting -<i>something surprising or provocative of such and such an -emotion</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a277.23" name="a277.23"></a><span lang= -"tl">Itù y kagagawàn ni Hwàn!</span> <i>This is -some of Juan’s work!</i> <a id="a277.24" name="a277.24"></a>cf. -<span lang="tl">Itù y gawá ni Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan -did this, made this.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkáupo -<span class="lineNum">25</span>ni Pédro sa sùgálan -ay kagagawàn naŋ isa nyà ŋ -kaybígan.</span> <i>Pedro’s sitting at the gaming-table -was the work of one of his fine friends.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pàtáya ŋ naŋyári kagabì ay -kagagawàn ni Pédro.</span> <i>The killing which occurred -last night was some of Pedro’s doing.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">katuturàn</span> <i>a correct outcome</i> (<span lang= -"tl">tuwìd</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a277.30" name="a277.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Barytone roots: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -katatakutàn naŋ bátaʾ ay aŋ -núnoʾ.</span> <i>The thing that arouses the child’s -fear is a ghost.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ -katatawanàn ay aŋ uŋgòʾ.</span> <i>His -source of laughter is the monkey.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -salità ŋ katatawanàn</span> <i>a jest-word</i>, <i>a -funny expression</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>425.</b> With secondary accent on the first syllable -of the underlying <span class="lineNum">35</span>word, <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> and <span lang="tl">-an</span> form also words denoting -<i>one of two <a id="a277.36" name="a277.36"></a>reciprocal actors</i>. -This is the form for oxytone roots, <span lang="tl">aŋ -kabìgáyan</span> <a id="a277.37" name="a277.37"></a><i>a -person with whom one exchanges gifts</i>. <span lang="tl">Si -Hwána ay siya <a id="a277.38" name="a277.38"></a>ŋ -kabùlúŋan ni Maryà.</span> <i>Juana is the -one Maria whispers with.</i> <a id="a277.39" name= -"a277.39"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ kahampásan</span> <i>one -of two who perform mutual flagellation</i>, <span lang= -"tl">kahìráman</span> <a id="a277.40" name= -"a277.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span><i>one of two who borrow -from each other</i>. <span lang="tl">kaìnúman</span> -<i>person <a id="a277.41" name="a277.41"></a>one drinks with</i>. -<span lang="tl">kakàlabítan</span> <i>one of two who -touch each other</i>. <a id="a277.42" name="a277.42"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kapàtáyan ni Hwàn ay si -Pédro.</span> <i>Juan is engaged in a mortal <a id="a277.43" -name="a277.43"></a>conflict with Pedro.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kapàtíran ni Hwána naŋ sinúlid ay -aŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb278" href="#pb278" name= -"pb278">278</a>]</span>kanya ŋ kaybíga ŋ si -Maryà.</span> <i>Juana cuts thread with her friend <a id= -"a278.2" name="a278.2"></a>Maria.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ -kasàlitáan</span> <i>the person with whom one -converses</i>. <span lang="tl">Si <a id="a278.3" name= -"a278.3"></a>Hwàn ay kaùlúlan ni -Pédro.</span> <i>Juan and Pedro fool each other.</i> <span lang= -"tl">aŋ <a id="a278.4" name= -"a278.4"></a>kaùpúan</span> <i>one of two who sit -together</i>.</p> -<p id="p426" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>426.</b> -Barytone roots add accent shift of one syllable. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ <a id="a278.6" name="a278.6"></a>kahùlúgan -nya naŋ súhaʾ ay aŋ kanyà ŋ -kapatìd.</span> <i>The one with whom he takes turns at dropping -down grape-fruit from the tree <a id="a278.8" name="a278.8"></a>is his -brother.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ kahùníhan</span> -<i>one of two birds that chirp at each <a id="a278.9" name= -"a278.9"></a>other</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ -kaìbígan</span> <i>one of two who love each other</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ kakàínan</span> <a id="a278.10" -name="a278.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span><i>one of two who eat -together</i>. <span lang="tl">Si Hwána ay siya ŋ -kapùtúlan ni Maryà naŋ kukò.</span> -<i>Juana and Maria cut each other’s fingernails.</i> <a id= -"a278.12" name="a278.12"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ -kasùlátan</span> <i>one’s correspondent</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ katàlúnan</span> <i>one’s -opponent in a dispute</i>.</p> -<p class="par">(a) The shift is due to the root in: <span lang="tl">Si -Maryà ay syà ŋ kaàbútan <a id= -"a278.15" name="a278.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>ni -Hwána naŋ maŋa mabaŋù ŋ -bulaklàk.</span> <i>Maria and Juana hand each other fragrant -flowers</i> (as in some ceremony or game).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a278.17" name="a278.17"></a>(b) With contraction -and lack of secondary accent: <span lang="tl">aŋ kayibígan, -kaybígan</span> <i>a friend</i> (contrast <span lang= -"tl">kaìbígan</span> above).</p> -<p class="par">(c) In a few instances barytone roots have accent shift -of <span class="lineNum">20</span>two syllables without secondary -accent. <span lang="tl">Si Maryáno ay kahatakàn ni -Kulàs naŋ lúbid.</span> <i>Mariano is pulling at the -rope against Nicolás.</i> <a id="a278.22" name= -"a278.22"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ kamurahàn</span> <i>one of -two who curse at each other</i> (with meaning ordinarily peculiar to -the shifted root, § <a href="#p337">337</a>). <span lang= -"tl">Sumúloŋ at Kasamahàn</span> <i>Sumulong and -Company</i>. <span lang="tl">kasulatàn</span> <i>one’s -correspondent</i> <a id="a278.25" name="a278.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>(equal to <span lang= -"tl">kasùlátan</span>, above). <span lang="tl">Aŋ -katuruàn ni Pédro ay aŋ báta ŋ si -Hwàn.</span> <i>Pedro and little Juan are pointing at each -other.</i></p> -<p class="par"><b>427.</b> These formations serve as underlying words -of a few derivatives:</p> -<p id="p427a" class="par">(a) Active with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> -and abstract with <span lang="tl">pag- r</span> (§ <a href= -"#p352">352</a>): <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a278.30" name= -"a278.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>pagkakayibígan</span> <i>the joining in -friendship of two people</i>.</p> -<p id="p427b" class="par"><a id="a278.31" name="a278.31"></a>(b) -Secondary active with <span lang="tl">maki-</span> from the preceding: -<span lang="tl">makipagkayibígan</span> <i>win one’s way -into someone’s friendship</i>, <i>become friends with -someone</i>.</p> -<p class="par">(c) Dual collective with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> -(§ <a href="#p358a">358,a</a>): <span lang="tl">Si Pédro at -si Hwàn <a id="a278.35" name="a278.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>ay magkahìráman naŋ -sambalílo at sandàlyas.</span> <i>Pedro and Juan <a id= -"a278.36" name="a278.36"></a>lend each other hats and sandals.</i> -<span lang="tl">magkaìbígan</span> <i>a pair of -lovers</i>. <a id="a278.37" name="a278.37"></a><span lang= -"tl">magkaybígan</span> <i>a pair of friends</i>.</p> -<p id="p427d" class="par">(d) Where the dual value of the underlying -form is weak, explicit plurals of the preceding with <span lang= -"tl">mag- r</span> (§ <a href="#p358b">358,b</a>) occur: -<span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a278.40" name="a278.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>magkakaybígan</span> <i>a group of three or -more friends</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ magkakasamahà ŋ -si Pédro, si Hwàn, at si Andrès</span> <i>the -party consisting of Pedro, Juan, and Andrés</i>. <span lang= -"tl">aŋ magkakasamahà ŋ sina Pédro</span> -<i>the <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb279" href="#pb279" name= -"pb279">279</a>]</span><a id="a279.1" name="a279.1"></a>party of Pedro -and his followers</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ magkakasamahà -ŋ nagsipagpasyàl ay sina Maryà, Hwána, -Pédro, at Kulàs.</span> <i>The party that went for a walk -consisted of Maria, Juana, Pedro, and Nicolás.</i> <a id= -"a279.4" name="a279.4"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ magkakasamahà -ŋ napasa húloʾ at napaluwásan ay sinà -<a id="a279.5" name="a279.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Mariyáno, Pépe, at Kulàs at sina -Pédro, Húlyo, at Andrès.</span> <i>The groups that -went upstream and downstream were, respectively, Mariano, Pepe, and -Nicolás and Pedro, Julio, and Andrès.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ tatlo ŋ manòk na ytò y -magkakasamahà ŋ inihatid díto, aŋ ibà y -<a id="a279.9" name="a279.9"></a>magkakabukòd.</span> <i>These -three chickens were brought here together, <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>the others each by itself.</i></p> -<p id="p428" class="par"><b>428.</b> <span lang="tl">kà- (1) --an, k-in-à- (1) -an</span>. Local passives with <span lang= -"tl">kà-</span> denote <i>the place where someone or something -happens to be</i>. <span lang="tl">Hwag <a id="a279.13" name= -"a279.13"></a>kà ŋ kumibòʾ sa iyò ŋ -kinàdòroonàn.</span> <i>Don’t stir from the -spot (where you happen to be).</i> <span lang="tl">Sa alì ŋ -bandà aŋ kinàdòroonàn naŋ -<span class= -"lineNum">15</span>báya-ŋ-Kamálig?—Sa -bandà ŋ kaliwàʾ.</span> <i>In which direction -is the town of Camalig?</i>—<i>Toward the left.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ báya-ŋ-Balíwag ay aŋ <a id= -"a279.17" name="a279.17"></a>kinàmahalà ŋ úna -ŋ úna naŋ pálay.</span> <i>The town of Baliuag -was the <a id="a279.18" name="a279.18"></a>first place where rice got -dear.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kàpàpatayàn sa -táo ŋ iyàn ay <a id="a279.19" name= -"a279.19"></a>aŋ bigtíhan.</span> <i>This man will end on -the gallows.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -báya-ŋ-Balíwag <a id="a279.20" name= -"a279.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>aŋ iyu ŋ -kàtùtuŋúhan pag tinuntùn mo aŋ -landàs na iyàn.</span> <i>You will get to the town of -Baliuag if you follow that path.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly from: <span lang="tl">bíŋit, -búrol, kulòŋ, lagày, tágoʾ, -tayòʾ, tirà, upòʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a279.24" name="a279.24"></a>Divergent in meaning -are <span lang="tl">kinàbukásan</span> (§ <a href= -"#p260">260</a>) and, from a <a id="a279.25" name= -"a279.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>phrase, <span lang= -"tl">kinàháti-ŋ-gabihàn</span> (§ -<a href="#p260">260</a>, <span lang="tl">háti ŋ -gabì</span>).</p> -<p id="p429" class="par"><b>429.</b> <span lang="tl">pag-kà- (1) --an, p-in-ag-kà- (1) -an</span>. Local passives of this type -with <span lang="tl">pag-</span> reduplicate the <span lang= -"tl">kà-</span>; they refer to other local <a id="a279.28" name= -"a279.28"></a>passive relations than place in which; so: <span lang= -"tl">pagkàkilanlàn</span> <i>be the occasion of showing -something</i>; <span lang="tl">pagkàsyahàn</span> <i>be -the container of <span class="lineNum">30</span>something that fits -in</i>; <span lang="tl">pagkàsunduwàn, -pagkàsunduàn</span> <i>be agreed upon</i>.</p> -<p id="p430" class="par"><b>430.</b> Special static words with -<span lang="tl">kà-</span> and <span lang="tl">-an</span> are -few and differ in meaning.</p> -<p id="p430a" class="par"><a id="a279.34" name="a279.34"></a>(a) -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kàgalítan nila Andrès, -Hwàn, at Mariyáno ay napáwì <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>na.</span> <i>The quarrel between Andrés, -Juan, and Mariano has been appeased</i>; this is no doubt merely a -plural with <span lang="tl">S -an</span> (§ <a href= -"#p377a">377,a</a>) from the underlying word <span lang= -"tl">kagalìt</span> (§ <a href="#p398c">398,c</a>).</p> -<p class="par">It forms the underlying word of a simple active with -<span lang="tl">mag-</span> and <a id="a279.39" name= -"a279.39"></a>abstract with <span lang="tl">pag- r</span>: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ pagkakàgalítan</span> <i>a quarrel (of two -or more <span class="lineNum">40</span>people)</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a279.41" name="a279.41"></a>(b) <span lang= -"tl">Si Pédro ay kàibígan ni Maryà.</span> -<i>Pedro is liked by Maria.</i> <span lang="tl">Sina Pédro, -Kulàs, at Hwàn ay sya ŋ maŋa -kàibígan ni Mariyáno.</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb280" href="#pb280" name= -"pb280">280</a>]</span><i>Pedro, Nicolàs, and Juan are the ones -whom Mariano likes.</i> This is probably a real special static word -corresponding to the transient with <span lang="tl">kà- (1) --an</span> (§ <a href="#p428">428</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a280.4" name="a280.4"></a>Derived active with -<span lang="tl">mag-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">Nagkàkàibígan si Pédro at si -<span class="lineNum">5</span>Hwána.</span> <i>Pedro and Juana -are in love with each other, have come to like each other.</i></p> -<p class="par">(c) <span lang="tl">Aŋ kàtwáan ay -náhintòʾ sa pagdatìŋ naŋ isa ŋ -magnanákaw.</span> <i>The rejoicing was stopped by the coming of -a robber.</i> This is, in form at least, a plural with <span lang= -"tl">S -an</span> from an underlying <span lang= -"tl">-katuwàʾ</span>, <span class="lineNum">10</span>which -is not known.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a280.11" name="a280.11"></a>Derived active with -<span lang="tl">mag-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">magkàtwáan</span> <i>rejoice together</i>, <i>be -merry together</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a280.13" name="a280.13"></a>The same form is seen -in <span lang="tl">kàliŋkíŋan</span>; <i>little -finger</i>, <i>fifth finger</i>; if this is from a root <span lang= -"tl">-liŋkìŋ</span>.</p> -<p id="p431" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>431.</b> -<span lang="tl">ka- (1) D -an</span>. With doubling of the root and -radical <a id="a280.16" name="a280.16"></a>accent shift: <span lang= -"tl">Kàunà-unáha ŋ dumatìŋ si -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan got there <a id="a280.17" name= -"a280.17"></a>the very first.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">kàhulì-hulíhan</span> <i>the very -last</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.3.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(3)</span> Additional transients, -abstracts, and special static forms.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p432" class="par first"><b>432.</b> The prefix <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> in its involuntary meaning and the prefix <span class= -"lineNum">20</span><span lang="tl">kà-</span> in its accidental -meaning appear in an additional set of transients and abstracts with -<span lang="tl">maka-, makà-</span> prefixed for the active, -<span lang="tl">ma-, mà-</span> for the passives, and -<span lang="tl">pagka-, pagkà-</span> for the abstract. The -meanings of these forms are most varied; especially in the direct -passive, where the involuntary or accidental character of the actor -<span class="lineNum">25</span>sometimes reaches the point where an -actor is entirely left out of view or lacking, and the passive borders -closely on active meaning. For this reason it will be convenient to -divide the uses into a number of somewhat arbitrarily defined groups. -The forms are as follows:</p> -<p id="p433" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span><b>433.</b> The -active forms with <span lang="tl">ka-</span> are: <span lang= -"tl">maka-, maka- R, naka-, naka- R</span>; abstract <span lang= -"tl">pagka-</span>.</p> -<p class="par">The active expresses <i>an inanimate object or -circumstance causing an emotion or feeling</i>; the meaning, then, is -the same as in the forms with <span lang="tl">i-ka-</span> (§ -<a href="#p413">413</a>), except that here the thing causing <a id= -"a280.35" name="a280.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>the emotion -is viewed as an actor. <span lang="tl">Nakabùbúlag -aŋ ílaw.</span> <i>The <a id="a280.36" name= -"a280.36"></a>light is blinding.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -gamòt na itò aŋ nakaginháwa sa máy -sakìt.</span> <a id="a280.37" name="a280.37"></a><i>This -medicine is what relieved the patient.</i> <span lang="tl">Itò y -makapàpáwì <a id="a280.38" name= -"a280.38"></a>naŋ gútom (úhaw, ginàw, -ínit, págod).</span> <i>This will relieve the hunger -<a id="a280.39" name="a280.39"></a>(thirst, cold feeling, hot feeling, -fatigue).</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ áwit naŋ maŋa -<a id="a280.40" name="a280.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>íbon ay -nakatútuwàʾ.</span> <i>The song of the birds is -gladdening.</i> Similarly from: <span lang="tl">bigàt, -biŋì, búti, lasìŋ, ligáya, -síraʾ, tákot</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>434.</b> The active expresses, further, an inanimate -object <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb281" href="#pb281" name= -"pb281">281</a>]</span>which has got (in the past) into such and such a -condition or position.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a281.3" name="a281.3"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -baŋkàʾ ay nakaáyon sa ágos.</span> -<i>The canoe is righted with <a id="a281.4" name="a281.4"></a>the -stream.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkáin ay nakahandá -nà.</span> <i>Dinner is served.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakasábit <a id="a281.5" name="a281.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>sa pákoʾ aŋ áki ŋ -amerikána.</span> <i>My coat is hanging on the <a id="a281.6" -name="a281.6"></a>nail.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakasigàŋ -aŋ palayùk naŋ sináiŋ.</span> <i>The -rice-pot is on the <a id="a281.7" name="a281.7"></a>fire.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hindí ko bìbilhìn aŋ -kabáyo ŋ iyòn, káhit na makasísiya -aŋ áki ŋ kwaltà.</span> <i>I would not buy this -horse, even if my money should be sufficient.</i> Similarly: -<span lang="tl">daàn, lawìt, táliʾ, -túloŋ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>435.</b> Very similar -is the use of the active to describe an animate actor in such and such -a position (into which he has <a id="a281.12" name="a281.12"></a>got): -<span lang="tl">Nakadapàʾ aŋ maŋa táo sa -kanila ŋ báhay hábaŋ -lumílindòl.</span> <i>The people lay prone in their -houses during the earthquake.</i> <a id="a281.14" name= -"a281.14"></a><span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay nakaháwak sa -taburéte naŋ sya y retratúhan.</span> <i>Pedro -<a id="a281.15" name="a281.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>had -hold of a chair when he was photographed.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakasakày aŋ báta ŋ si Hwàn sa -áso naŋ sya y màkíta ko sa -bakúran.</span> <i>Little Juan was mounted</i> (i. e. -<i>riding</i>) <i>on the dog when I saw him in the yard</i>. -<span lang="tl">Nakatayó si Pédro naŋ ákin -sya ŋ màkíta.</span> <i>Pedro was <a id="a281.19" -name="a281.19"></a>standing up when I saw him.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakaupó sya sa baŋkòʾ.</span> <i>He was -<span class="lineNum">20</span>seated on the bench.</i> So from: -<span lang="tl">abàŋ, hiléra, íkid, -kápit, luhòd, paŋàw, -taluŋkòʾ, tindìg</span>.</p> -<p id="p436" class="par"><b>436.</b> The active may denote <i>an -animate actor who is able, succeeds in doing so and so</i>; the -involuntary element inheres in the matter of ability, which is not -dependent on the actor’s will: <a id="a281.25" name= -"a281.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang="tl">Sa gana -ŋ ákin sya y makaáalìs.</span> <i>So far as I -am concerned, he <a id="a281.26" name="a281.26"></a>may go.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sa tigàs naŋ kanya ŋ loòb ay -walà ŋ makabáleʾ.</span> <i>There is no one</i> -(or, under the type in § <a href="#p433">433</a>, <i>nothing</i>) -<i>can break the <a id="a281.28" name="a281.28"></a>firmness of his -will</i>. <span lang="tl">Nakagágawàʾ aŋ -alílà naŋ páyoŋ.</span> <i>The servant -<a id="a281.29" name="a281.29"></a>is able to make umbrellas.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nakagupìt sya naŋ makapàl na -<span class="lineNum">30</span>damìt.</span> <i>He succeeded in -cutting thick cloth.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay -hindí <a id="a281.31" name="a281.31"></a>makaháwak -naŋ palakòl, sapagkàt masakìt aŋ kanya -ŋ kamày.</span> <i>Pedro cannot hold an ax, because his -hand is sore.</i> <span lang="tl">Naàári ŋ sya -<a id="a281.33" name="a281.33"></a>y makahigàʾ.</span> -<i>He may lie down.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ako -makahiŋí naŋ kwaltà <a id="a281.34" name= -"a281.34"></a>kay Hwàn.</span> <i>I cannot (bring myself to) ask -Juan for money.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakahúlog <a id="a281.35" -name="a281.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>sya naŋ isa -ŋ nyòg sa kanya ŋ pagpukòl sa -kumpòl.</span> <i>He succeeded in bringing down a cocoanut, in -his throwing at the <a id="a281.37" name="a281.37"></a>cluster.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ bátaʾ ay hindí -makakáin, sapagkàt kumáin sya naŋ -marámi ŋ kakanìn.</span> <i>The child can’t -eat because he has eaten so <a id="a281.39" name="a281.39"></a>many -sweets.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay hindí -nakapùpútol naŋ káhoy, sapagkàt -<span class="lineNum">40</span>bágu ŋ gáliŋ sya -sa sakìt.</span> <i>Pedro cannot cut any wood, for he <a id= -"a281.41" name="a281.41"></a>has just recovered from sickness.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sa tantyà raw nyà ay -makapùpútol na sya naŋ káhoy, sapagkàt -sya y malakas nà.</span> <i>He reckons <a id="a281.43" name= -"a281.43"></a>he will be able to cut wood, for he is strong again.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nakasásakay <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb282" -href="#pb282" name="pb282">282</a>]</span><a id="a282.1" name= -"a282.1"></a>syà sa kabáyo.</span> <i>He is able to mount -the horse.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ báta y -nakasùsúlat <a id="a282.2" name= -"a282.2"></a>nà.</span> <i>The child is already able to -write.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ako makasúlat.</span> -<a id="a282.3" name="a282.3"></a><i>I can’t write.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ máy sakit ay nakatátayú -nà.</span> <i>The patient <a id="a282.4" name="a282.4"></a>is -already able to stand up.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ako -nakatípon naŋ maŋa <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>dáhon, sapagkàt walá ako ŋ -kalaykày.</span> <i>I was not able to pile up <a id="a282.6" -name="a282.6"></a>the leaves, because I had no rake.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ húle ŋ isdá ni Hwàn ay -nakawalàʾ.</span> <i>The fish Juan caught got away.</i> -Similarly from: <span lang="tl">akiyàt, balìk, -báyad, dalà, datìŋ, kílos, -kúha, lákad, pások, sagòt, sigàw, -suwày, tahòl, takbò, tirà, úbos, -úsap</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>Abstracts: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ mákina ay syà ŋ dahilàn naŋ -pagkagawá ni Pédro naŋ páyoŋ.</span> -<i>The machine is the cause of Pedro’s ability to make -umbrellas.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkasakáy nyà sa -kabáyo ŋ bara-barà ay hindí dahilàn sa -kanya ŋ tápaŋ, dátapuwat dahilàn sa -marámi ŋ <a id="a282.14" name="a282.14"></a>iba ŋ -táo ŋ nagsipígil sa kabáyo.</span> <i>His -ability to get on the wild <span class="lineNum">15</span>horse was not -due to his courage, but to the many other people <a id="a282.16" name= -"a282.16"></a>who controlled the horse.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kanya ŋ pagkatípon sa maŋa kalabàw ay -nanyári dáhil sa marámi ŋ -túloŋ.</span> <i>His success in rounding up the -<span class="corr" id="xd21e54771" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> was due to much aid.</i></p> -<p id="p437" class="par"><b>437.</b> Closely bordering on the preceding -type is the active, <span class="lineNum">20</span>mostly with the -particle <span lang="tl">nà</span>, expressing <i>the actor of a -completed <a id="a282.21" name="a282.21"></a>action</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Nakaalìs na siyà.</span> <i>He has already</i> -(<i>succeeded in going</i>, <a id="a282.22" name="a282.22"></a>i. e.) -<i>gone away</i>. <span lang="tl">Nakapútul nà si -Pédro naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>Pedro has now finished -cutting wood.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay nakapútul -nà naŋ káhoy, <a id="a282.24" name= -"a282.24"></a>bágo ko ŋ inutúsa ŋ -maŋigìb.</span> <i>Pedro had already cut the wood, -<span class="lineNum">25</span>before I asked him to fetch water.</i> -Similarly from: <span lang="tl">bútas, datìŋ, -kúha, límot, tápos</span>.</p> -<p class="par">The abstract lends itself especially to the use as -absolute attribute <a id="a282.28" name="a282.28"></a>(§ <a href= -"#p274">274</a>): <span lang="tl">Pagkagawá nya naŋ -bákod ay naglasìŋ siyà.</span> <a id= -"a282.29" name="a282.29"></a><i>When he had finished making the fence, -he got drunk.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagkaháraŋ <a id= -"a282.30" name="a282.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>naŋ -maŋa tulisàn sa koréyo ay nagsitúŋo -silà sa bundòk.</span> <a id="a282.31" name= -"a282.31"></a><i>When the bandits had robbed the mail, they took to the -hills.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagkaháte ni Hwàn naŋ -maŋa mansánas ay umalìs sya.</span> <i>When Juan -<a id="a282.33" name="a282.33"></a>had distributed the apples, he went -away.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagkahúli naŋ pulìs sa -magnanákaw ay dinala nyà itò sa -bìlaŋgúan.</span> <i>When the policeman <a id= -"a282.35" name="a282.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>had caught -the thief, he took him to the jail.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pagkapatày <a id="a282.36" name="a282.36"></a>nya sa -táo ŋ kanyà ŋ hináraŋ ay tumakbo -syà.</span> <i>When he had <a id="a282.37" name= -"a282.37"></a>killed the man he had held up, he ran away.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pagkapútol ni Hwàn <a id="a282.38" name= -"a282.38"></a>naŋ tahìd naŋ kátyaw ay -nagdudugòʾ aŋ paà nitò.</span> <i>When -Juan had cut the spur of the rooster, its foot kept bleeding.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pagkasakày <a id="a282.40" name= -"a282.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>sa kabáyo ay -naparoòn akò sa hàlamanàn at pumitàs -ako naŋ isa ŋ pakwàn úpaŋ áki -ŋ kánin.</span> <i>When I had had my horseback ride, I went -to the garden and picked a melon to eat.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pagkasakày <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb283" href= -"#pb283" name="pb283">283</a>]</span><a id="a283.1" name= -"a283.1"></a>ni Hwàn sa trèn ay lumákad ito ŋ -agàd.</span> <i>When Juan had got <a id="a283.2" name= -"a283.2"></a>on the train, it soon started to move.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkasúnog naŋ báyan ay -ikinaluŋkòt naŋ marámi.</span> <i>The people -grieved at their town <a id="a283.4" name="a283.4"></a>having burned -down.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagkatanàw naŋ -uŋgòʾ sa pagòŋ ay nagbalik <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>syà sa -púno-ŋ-ságiŋ.</span> <i>When the monkey had -looked at the <a id="a283.6" name="a283.6"></a>turtle, he went back to -the banana tree.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagkatáwag naŋ -pagòŋ sa uŋgòʾ ay sumunòd -itò agàd.</span> <i>When the turtle had called the <a id= -"a283.8" name="a283.8"></a>monkey, the latter came at once.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pagkatayó nya sa kanya ŋ <a id="a283.9" -name="a283.9"></a>ùpúan ay minulàn nya agàd -aŋ pagtatalumpáteʾ.</span> <i>When he had <a id= -"a283.10" name="a283.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>stood up -from his seat he at once began making his speech.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pagkatípon <a id="a283.11" name="a283.11"></a>mo naŋ -maŋa bayábas ay umuwí ka.</span> <i>When you have -<a id="a283.12" name="a283.12"></a>piled up the guavas, go home.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pagkaúna nya sa takbúhan ay <a id= -"a283.13" name="a283.13"></a>naghintú sya.</span> <i>When he had -got ahead in the running, he stopped.</i> Similarly from: <span lang= -"tl">alìs, bendisiyòn, gupìt, hápon, -ísip, káin, kúha, <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>lagòk, lútoʾ, mísa, -sábi, sánay, tápos, típon, -tupàd</span>.</p> -<p id="p438" class="par"><b>438.</b> The forms of the direct passive -are: <span lang="tl">ma-, ma- R; na-; na- R</span>.</p> -<p class="par">The direct passive may correspond regularly to the -active in § <a href="#p436">436</a>, and denote <i>the object -directly affected by an action which <span class="lineNum">20</span>an -actor is able to perform</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a283.21" name="a283.21"></a><span lang= -"tl">Hindí nya mabásag aŋ bóte.</span> <i>He -did not succeed in breaking <a id="a283.22" name="a283.22"></a>the -bottle.</i> <span lang="tl">Sa kalakasàn ni Páblo ay -nadala nyà aŋ kabà ŋ bákal.</span> -<i>Pablo, with his strength, managed to lift the iron chest.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nadalà naŋ bátaʾ aŋ -káhoy.</span> <i>The boy managed to carry the wood.</i> <a id= -"a283.25" name="a283.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">Hindí madalà ni Pédro aŋ kahòn sa -kabigatàn.</span> <i>Pedro cannot <a id="a283.26" name= -"a283.26"></a>lift the box; it is too heavy.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí ku magámit aŋ páyoŋ na -itò.</span> <a id="a283.27" name="a283.27"></a><i>I can’t -use this umbrella.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí nakáin -naŋ bátaʾ aŋ matigàs na tinápay na -iyàn.</span> <i>The child was not able to eat that hard bread -<a id="a283.29" name="a283.29"></a>of yours.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakáya ko ŋ buhátin aŋ isà ŋ -maliìt na púno-ŋ-káhoy.</span> <a id= -"a283.30" name="a283.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><i>I -managed to lift one small tree.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakàkáya ko aŋ pagaáral naŋ <a id= -"a283.31" name="a283.31"></a>Iŋglès.</span> <i>I manage to -get along with the study of English.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakáyas -ni Pédro aŋ báo.</span> <i>Pedro managed to smooth -the cocoanut <a id="a283.33" name="a283.33"></a>shell.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nalákad námin aŋ lahàt naŋ -daàn.</span> <i>We managed to walk <a id="a283.34" name= -"a283.34"></a>the whole way.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nalìlípon naŋ maŋa laŋgàm -aŋ kanila ŋ pagkáin.</span> <a id="a283.35" name= -"a283.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><i>The ants succeed in -amassing their food.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko mapatày -aŋ báta ŋ itò.</span> <i>I cannot (get myself -to) kill this child.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko <a id= -"a283.37" name="a283.37"></a>mapútol naŋ kamày -aŋ bákal na itò.</span> <i>I can’t break this -iron with <a id="a283.38" name="a283.38"></a>my hand.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Mapùpútol daw nyà ŋ wala ŋ -túloŋ aŋ lahàt naŋ kawáya <a id= -"a283.39" name="a283.39"></a>ŋ magúlaŋ.</span> <i>He -says he will be able to cut all the old bamboo <a id="a283.40" name= -"a283.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>without any help.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hindí nya masíraʾ aŋ -kandáro naŋ pintòʾ, <a id="a283.41" name= -"a283.41"></a>káhit na iniyúbus nya aŋ kanya ŋ -lakàs.</span> <i>He did not succeed in <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb284" href="#pb284" name= -"pb284">284</a>]</span>breaking the lock of the door, although he used -up all his strength.</i> <a id="a284.2" name="a284.2"></a><span lang= -"tl">Natátalastàs mo bà aŋ -sinàsábi ko sa iyò?</span> <i>Do you understand -what I am saying to you?</i> Similarly: <span lang="tl">ágaw, -akiyàt, alaála, ampàt, gawàʾ, -háŋoʾ, híla</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>439.</b> Similarly, the -direct passive may correspond regularly to the active of the type in -§ <a href="#p437">437</a> and denote <i>an object directly -affected by an action which has been (successfully) completed by an -actor</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a284.9" name="a284.9"></a><span lang= -"tl">Naáso ko nà sa boo ŋ báyan aŋ -bátaʾ.</span> <i>I have hunted and <a id="a284.10" name= -"a284.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>called the child all over -town.</i> <span lang="tl">Nabálot ko nà aŋ maŋa -librò.</span> <i>I <a id="a284.11" name="a284.11"></a>have -already wrapped up the books.</i> <span lang="tl">Nabása ku -nà aŋ diyáriyo.</span> <a id="a284.12" name= -"a284.12"></a><i>I have finished reading the paper.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nahampàs ko nà aŋ bátaʾ.</span> -<i>I have already whipped the child.</i> <span lang="tl">Nahánap -na nyà aŋ librò.</span> <i>He <a id="a284.14" name= -"a284.14"></a>has already looked for the book.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Napatày ku nà aŋ manòk.</span> <i>I -<a id="a284.15" name="a284.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>have -already killed the chicken.</i> <span lang="tl">Kapag -napùpútol na nyà aŋ <a id="a284.16" name= -"a284.16"></a>púno-ŋ-káhoy ay saká mo -hatákin aŋ lúbid na nakatáli sa -saŋà nitò.</span> <i>When he is getting the tree -cut, then do you pull at the <a id="a284.18" name="a284.18"></a>rope -that is tied to the branch.</i> <span lang="tl">Natipìd nya -aŋ pagkáin naŋ kánin.</span> <a id="a284.19" -name="a284.19"></a><i>He has been saving of the rice.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Natípon ko nà aŋ maŋa <a id="a284.20" -name="a284.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>dáhon.</span> -<i>I have already heaped up the leaves.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Natísod ku nà aŋ <a id="a284.21" name= -"a284.21"></a>bakyàʾ.</span> <i>I have kicked off the -sandal.</i> <span lang="tl">Naúnat ku nà aŋ -baluktòt <a id="a284.22" name="a284.22"></a>na káwad na -ibinigày mu sa ákin.</span> <i>I have straightened the -bent <a id="a284.23" name="a284.23"></a>wire you gave me.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nausísà ku nà si -Hwàn.</span> <i>I have already questioned Juan.</i> Similarly -from: <span lang="tl">ágaw, gawàʾ, ípon, -íwan, líbot, <span class="lineNum">25</span>sákop, -siyásat</span>.</p> -<p id="p440" class="par"><b>440.</b> We come now to direct passives -which do not correspond regularly to any active; these have their own -abstracts with <span lang="tl">pagka-</span>.</p> -<p class="par">The commonest type expresses <i>an object which -undergoes or <span class="lineNum">30</span>has undergone a process due -to an inanimate actor or to no actor in particular</i>; it differs from -the simple direct passive in the involuntary <a id="a284.32" name= -"a284.32"></a>and often perfectic nature of the action. <span lang= -"tl">Nabáleʾ aŋ <a id="a284.33" name= -"a284.33"></a>saŋà naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>The -branch of the tree is broken.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ túlis -naŋ lápis ay nabáleʾ.</span> <i>The point of -the pencil is broken.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ <a id= -"a284.35" name="a284.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>ilagay -dyàn aŋ palatòn, sapagkàt baká -mabásag.</span> <i>Don’t put the <a id="a284.36" name= -"a284.36"></a>plate there, for it might get broken.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kanila ŋ kàínan ay nagambála sa -pagdatìŋ naŋ maŋa pulìs.</span> <i>Their -dinner-party broke <a id="a284.38" name="a284.38"></a>up when the -police arrived.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ boo ŋ báyan ay -nagulò.</span> <i>The <a id="a284.39" name="a284.39"></a>whole -town became riotous.</i> <span lang="tl">Naháteʾ aŋ -mansánas.</span> <i>The apple is <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>in halves.</i> <span lang="tl">Nalagòt -aŋ lúbid.</span> <i>The rope broke.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ dalíriʾ <a id="a284.41" name= -"a284.41"></a>ay napásoʾ.</span> <i>His finger is -blistered.</i> <span lang="tl">Napatìd aŋ -lúbid.</span> <i>The <a id="a284.42" name="a284.42"></a>rope -broke.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ batò ŋ hasaàn ay -napiráso.</span> <i>The whetstone went <a id="a284.43" name= -"a284.43"></a>to pieces.</i> <span lang="tl">Napitas nà aŋ -maŋa bulaklàk.</span> <i>The flowers have been <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb285" href="#pb285" name= -"pb285">285</a>]</span><a id="a285.1" name="a285.1"></a>picked.</i> -<span lang="tl">Napùpútol aŋ maŋa -saŋà naŋ káhoy sa lakàs naŋ -háŋin.</span> <i>The branches of the trees are being broken -off by the force of the wind.</i> <span lang="tl">Napútol -nà aŋ káhoy.</span> <i>The tree has been cut -down.</i> <span lang="tl">Napútol aŋ dúlo naŋ -káhoy.</span> <i>The end of the log is cut off.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Napútol <a id="a285.5" name="a285.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>aŋ saŋà naŋ -káhoy.</span> <i>The branch of the tree broke off.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nasáyaŋ aŋ trabáho ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan’s work went for naught.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ búkid <a id="a285.7" name= -"a285.7"></a>ay nasíraʾ.</span> <i>The field is waste.</i> -Similarly, from: <span lang="tl">áriʾ, bágo, -buwàl, dílat, gúmon, hinòg, laglàg, -lamòg, láon, páwiʾ, punòʾ, -puròl, súnog, tápos, úbos, utàs, -walàʾ, yáriʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>The abstract is regular: -<span lang="tl">daàn, hinòg, lagòt, pások, -súnog, walàʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p441" class="par"><b>441.</b> The passive is used, further, to -denote <i>the animate performer of an involuntary act</i>, which, then, -is looked upon rather as an undergoing than as a performing.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>This is the clearest -where the subject is undergoing an emotion <a id="a285.16" name= -"a285.16"></a>or sensation: <span lang="tl">Naáwà si -Hwàn sa pulúbe.</span> <i>Juan pitied the beggar.</i> -<a id="a285.17" name="a285.17"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ báta -ŋ si Hwàn ay nadúduŋò.</span> <i>Little -Juan is bashful.</i> <span lang="tl">Naginàw sya sa kanya ŋ -pagpalígoʾ.</span> <i>He got cold while taking his <a id= -"a285.19" name="a285.19"></a>bath.</i> <span lang="tl">Akú y -nagùgútom.</span> <i>I am hungry</i>; <span lang="tl">isa -ŋ táo ŋ nagùgútom</span> <a id="a285.20" -name="a285.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span><i>a hungry -person</i>. <span lang="tl">Nahàhápis siyà.</span> -<i>He is sad.</i> <span lang="tl">Nahíhiyá ka -bà?</span> <a id="a285.21" name="a285.21"></a><i>Are you -ashamed?</i> <span lang="tl">Nahíhiyá sya.</span> <i>He -is ashamed.</i> <span lang="tl">Akù y nailàŋ.</span> -<a id="a285.22" name="a285.22"></a><i>I was nonplussed, I didn’t -know what to do.</i> <span lang="tl">Akò y naíinip <a id= -"a285.23" name="a285.23"></a>nà naŋ paghihintày kay -Hwàn.</span> <i>I am impatient with waiting for <a id="a285.24" -name="a285.24"></a>Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nalímaŋ -sa kanya ŋ pagbílaŋ.</span> <i>He got confused in -<a id="a285.25" name="a285.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>his -reckoning.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya -nalúluŋkòt.</span> <i>He is sorry.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Akò y naùúhaw.</span> <i>I am thirsty.</i> -So: <span lang="tl">bagábag, gálit, libàŋ, -tákot, tuwàʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par">This form is used also of processes of life, especially -physiological <a id="a285.28" name="a285.28"></a>and morbid: -<span lang="tl">Nalumpò syà.</span> <i>He got lame.</i> -<span lang="tl">Napípe sya.</span> <i>He <a id="a285.29" name= -"a285.29"></a>got dumb.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">naáriʾ</span> <i>got the ability</i>, <span lang= -"tl">nabáo</span> <i>got widowed</i>, <span lang= -"tl">nabúhay</span> <a id="a285.30" name= -"a285.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span><i>lived</i>, <span lang= -"tl">naíŋay</span> <i>was noisy</i>, <span lang= -"tl">nakinìg</span> <i>heard</i>, <span lang= -"tl">nalúnod</span> <i>got drowned</i>, <span lang= -"tl">namatày</span> <i>died</i>, <span lang= -"tl">natúlog</span> <i>slept</i>.</p> -<p class="par">It is used, finally, in <span lang= -"tl">nahúlog</span> <i>fell</i> (from a place to the ground), -and, strangely enough, for two voluntary actions which <a id="a285.34" -name="a285.34"></a>consist of a relaxing of the muscles: <span lang= -"tl">Sya y nahigàʾ</span> <i>He lay <a id="a285.35" name= -"a285.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span>down.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sya y nahíhigàʾ.</span> <i>He was in the act of -lying down.</i> <span lang="tl">Naupó sya sa -baŋkòʾ.</span> <i>He sat down on the bench.</i> -<span lang="tl">Naúupó sya sa taburéte.</span> -<i>He was in the act of sitting down on the stool.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a285.38" name="a285.38"></a>Further, irregularly, -in: <span lang="tl">Sya y nalígoʾ.</span> <i>He took a -bath.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nanáog.</span> <i>He came down -from the house.</i> See § <a href="#p488c">488,c</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a285.40" name="a285.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Abstracts: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkaáwà ni Hwàn sa pulúbe</span> -<i>Juan’s pity for <a id="a285.41" name="a285.41"></a>the -beggar</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ pagkabátaʾ</span> -<i>one’s childhood</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ pagkabúhay -ni <a id="a285.42" name="a285.42"></a>Hesùs</span> <i>the -resurrection of Jesus</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkagúlat ni -Hwána ay sya nyà ŋ ipinagkasakìt.</span> -<i>Juana’s scare was what made her sick.</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb286" href="#pb286" name= -"pb286">286</a>]</span><span lang="tl">Pagkalúnod naŋ -Kastílaʾ ay lumáyas aŋ maŋa -estudyànte.</span> <i>When the Spaniard had got drowned, the -students hurried away.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a286.3" name= -"a286.3"></a>kanya ŋ pagkamatày</span> <i>his death</i>. -<span lang="tl">aŋ kanya ŋ pagkasála sa -siŋsìŋ.</span> <a id="a286.4" name="a286.4"></a><i>his -missing the ring</i>. <span lang="tl">Pagkaupú nya sa -baŋkòʾ ay minulàn nya <a id="a286.5" name= -"a286.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>aŋ pagkukwènto -sa maŋa bátaʾ.</span> <i>When she had sat down on the -bench, she began her story-telling to the children.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">áriʾ, hápis, húlog, litò, -lóko, pípi, tákot, tálo, -ulòl</span>.</p> -<p id="p442" class="par"><b>442.</b> An explicit plural of both active -and direct passive is formed by the infixation of <span lang= -"tl">-aŋ-</span> into the prefix.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>In the active the -syllable after this infix often receives a secondary <a id="a286.11" -name="a286.11"></a>accent: <span lang="tl">Naŋàkaupú -na silà sa pagkáin, naŋ kamì ay -dumatìŋ.</span> <i>They had already sat down to their meal -when we arrived.</i> So also from: <span lang="tl">bitàw, -biyábit</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a286.14" name="a286.14"></a>With reduplication of -the <span lang="tl">ka-</span> instead of root initial: <span lang= -"tl">Naŋàkàkaupó <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>silà sa pagkáin.</span> <i>They are -able to sit up for their meals.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a286.16" name="a286.16"></a>Direct passive: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ dinala nyà ŋ maŋa manòk -ay naŋamatày.</span> <a id="a286.17" name= -"a286.17"></a><i>The chickens he brought all died.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naŋapútol aŋ tubò sa lakàs naŋ -bagyò.</span> <i>The sugar-cane broke under the strength of the -<a id="a286.19" name="a286.19"></a>typhoon.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naŋapùpútol aŋ karamíhan naŋ -tubò naŋ kasalukúyan <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>aŋ bagyò.</span> <i>During the typhoon -most of the sugar-cane got broken.</i> So from: <span lang= -"tl">bulòk, íwan, lúnod, luŋkòt, -tákot, tuwàʾ.</span></p> -<p id="p443" class="par"><b>443.</b> From a compound word, passive: -<span lang="tl">nasawi-ŋ-pálad (sawì ŋ -pálad)</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a286.24" name="a286.24"></a>From a derived word, -active: <span lang="tl">makataanàn</span> (<span lang= -"tl">taanàn</span>, § <a href="#p378">378</a>).</p> -<p id="p444" class="par"><a id="a286.25" name= -"a286.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>444.</b> Accent shift -is due to the root. <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay nakaayàw -nà.</span> <i>Pedro has left the table.</i> So from <span lang= -"tl">ábot, sákit</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a286.27" name="a286.27"></a>Passive: <span lang= -"tl">Naabut nyà aŋ ilawàn.</span> <i>He managed to -reach the <a id="a286.28" name="a286.28"></a>lamp.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí nya maabùt aŋ itlòg.</span> <i>He -can’t reach the egg.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a286.29" -name="a286.29"></a>báta ŋ si Hwàn ay -nabábahày.</span> <i>Little Juan is shy.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>Abstract: <span class= -"corr" id="xd21e56015" title="Source: see ábot."><span lang= -"tl">Pagkaabòt naŋ bátà naŋ kanyà -ŋ laruwàn ay tumakbò sya ŋ agàd.</span> -<i>After reaching for his toys, the boy at once ran.</i></span></p> -<p id="p445" class="par"><b>445.</b> With <span lang="tl">pag-</span> -before the root, this active is made from roots whose primary active -has <span lang="tl">mag-</span>. The reduplication affects either the -<span lang="tl">ka-</span>, or the <span lang="tl">pag-</span>, or the -root initial: <span lang="tl">makà-ka-pag-</span> or <span lang= -"tl">maka-pà-pag-</span> or <span lang="tl">maka-pag- -R</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a286.35" name="a286.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span><span lang="tl">Aŋ bátaʾ ay -nakapagdalà naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>The boy managed to -<a id="a286.36" name="a286.36"></a>bring the wood.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ bátaʾ ay nakapagdádalà</span> -(or: <span lang="tl">nakàkapagdalà</span>, or: -<span lang="tl">nakapàpagdalà</span>) <span lang= -"tl">naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>The boy is able to bring the -<a id="a286.38" name="a286.38"></a>wood.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakàkapaglasìŋ si Ánoŋ, -káhit na sya y hindí binàbayáan <a id= -"a286.39" name="a286.39"></a>naŋ kanya ŋ asáwa na -makapagpabilè naŋ álak.</span> <i>Anong manages to -<span class="lineNum">40</span>get drunk, even though his wife does not -allow him to have liquor <a id="a286.41" name="a286.41"></a>purchased -for him.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakapagpútol na si Hwàn -naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>Juan <a id="a286.42" name= -"a286.42"></a>has finished cutting wood.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakapagpùpútol nà si Hwàn naŋ -káhoy.</span> <a id="a286.43" name="a286.43"></a><i>Juan is -already able to cut wood.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí -makapagpútol naŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb287" href= -"#pb287" name="pb287">287</a>]</span>káhoy si Hwàn, -dahilàn sa súgat nya sa kamày.</span> <i>Juan -cannot cut wood, on account of the wound on his hand.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly: <span lang="tl">antòk, áral, -bíhis, ligtàs, mísa, nákaw, pasiyàl, -sábi, salitàʾ, tágoʾ, -takà</span>.</p> -<p id="p446" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>446.</b> -Direct passive: <span lang="tl">ma-pag-; ma-pag- R</span> or -<span lang="tl">ma-pà-pag-</span>. <a id="a287.6" name= -"a287.6"></a><span lang="tl">Hindí ko mapagáyos aŋ -maŋa damìt na itò.</span> <i>I can’t -straighten <a id="a287.7" name="a287.7"></a>out these clothes.</i> -<span lang="tl">Mapàpagáyos nya aŋ maŋa -lipàs sa úso ŋ damìt na itò.</span> -<i>She will be able to fix these out-of-date clothes.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí ko mapagkúroʾ kuŋ anò aŋ -íbig nya ŋ sabíhin.</span> <i>I couldn’t make -<a id="a287.10" name="a287.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>out -what he wanted to say.</i> <span lang="tl">Naŋ -mapagkúrò ni Hwàn kuŋ anò <a id= -"a287.11" name="a287.11"></a>aŋ maŋyàyári, ay -hindí nya itinúloy aŋ kanya ŋ -bálak.</span> <i>When Juan saw what was going to happen, he did -not carry out his plan.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko -mapagkúro aŋ kahulugàn naŋ súlat na -itò.</span> <i>I can’t get <a id="a287.14" name= -"a287.14"></a>at the meaning of this letter.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Napagtalastàs ko aŋ maŋa sinàsábi -<a id="a287.15" name="a287.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>mo sa -iyo ŋ súlat.</span> <i>I understand all you say in your -letter.</i> <span lang="tl">Napagtátalastàs</span> (or: -<span lang="tl">napàpagtalastàs</span>) <span lang= -"tl">kò aŋ íbig mo ŋ sabíhin.</span> -<i>I understand what you mean.</i></p> -<p id="p447" class="par"><a id="a287.18" name="a287.18"></a><b>447.</b> -<span lang="tl">maka-pag- (1)</span>, cf. § <a href= -"#p353">353</a>. <span lang="tl">Naŋ nakapaghanap syà ay -umuwé sya sa kanya ŋ báhay.</span> <i>When he had -finished searching, <a id="a287.20" name="a287.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>he went home.</i> <span lang="tl">Kuŋ -makapaghanap syà ay úuwé sya.</span> <i>When he -has finished searching, he will go home.</i></p> -<p id="p448" class="par"><a id="a287.22" name="a287.22"></a><b>448.</b> -<span lang="tl">maka-paŋ-</span>, corresponding to <span lang= -"tl">maŋ-</span>, § <a href="#p357">357</a>. <span lang= -"tl">Nakàkapaŋhiràm <a id="a287.23" name= -"a287.23"></a>kamì naŋ kwaltà kay Áli ŋ -Kulása.</span> <i>We can borrow money <a id="a287.24" name= -"a287.24"></a>from Aunt Nicolasa.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Makàkapaŋhiràm ka ŋ wala ŋ -sála kay <span class="lineNum">25</span>Hwàn naŋ isa -ŋ sombréro.</span> <i>You will surely be able to borrow a -<a id="a287.26" name="a287.26"></a>hat from Juan.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakapaŋàŋabáyo sya ŋ -patayòʾ, sapagkàt hindí gulatìn -aŋ kanya ŋ kabáyo.</span> <i>He is able to ride -standing up, because his horse is not given to shying.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a287.29" name="a287.29"></a>Abstract: <span lang= -"tl">pagkapaŋákoʾ (ákoʾ)</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a287.30" name="a287.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>(a) The root is reduplicated for plurality: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkapaŋhaháraŋ nila -Hwán ay hindí nila sána magawàʾ, -kuŋ hindí sa karamíhan naŋ táo nila na -máy barìl.</span> <i>The highway robberies by Juan and -his gang could not have been perpetrated by them, if it had not been -for the number of them that had guns.</i></p> -<p id="p448b" class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>(b) From a -derived word: <span lang="tl">makapaŋináin</span> -(<span lang="tl">kináin</span>, §§ <a href= -"#p365">365</a>, <a href="#p357a">357,a</a>).</p> -<p id="p449" class="par"><a id="a287.37" name="a287.37"></a><b>449.</b> -<span lang="tl">ma- D</span>; expressive of slow activity: <span lang= -"tl">Hindí sya mamatày-matày.</span> <i>He is -lingering on the death-bed.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pàgakpákan <a id="a287.39" name="a287.39"></a>naŋ -maŋa táo ay hindí -matápus-tápus.</span> <i>The applause of the people -<span class="lineNum">40</span>could find no end.</i></p> -<p id="p450" class="par"><b>450.</b> In the instrumental passive, which -seems to occur only with <span lang="tl">pag-</span> and <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-</span>, the <span lang="tl">i-</span> follows the -<span lang="tl">ma-</span>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkàtáwag naŋ <a id="a287.43" name= -"a287.43"></a>kúra sa maŋa pulìs ay hindí nya -ikinabúte, sapagkàt silà y kàkauntí -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb288" href="#pb288" name= -"pb288">288</a>]</span><a id="a288.1" name= -"a288.1"></a>lámaŋ úpaŋ -maipagtaŋgòl sya sa maŋa magnanákaw.</span> -<i>The priest’s having called in the police did him no good, for -they were too few to defend him from the thieves.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a288.4" name="a288.4"></a>With <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">naipaŋáŋanàk</span> (<span lang= -"tl">anàk</span>, cf. § <a href="#p357">357</a>).</p> -<p id="p451" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>451.</b> The -local passive has the prefix <span lang="tl">ma-</span> and the suffix -<span lang="tl">(1) -an</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span lang="tl">Namatayàn sina -Hwàn.</span> <i>Someone has died in Juan’s family.</i> -<span lang="tl">Namatayàn sa báhay ni Hwàn.</span> -<i>There has been a death in Juan’s <a id="a288.9" name= -"a288.9"></a>house.</i> <span lang="tl">Naputúlan si Hwàn -naŋ dalíreʾ sa pagpapalákad naŋ -mákina.</span> <a id="a288.10" name="a288.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span><i>Juan got a finger cut off in running the -machine.</i> <span lang="tl">Napùputúlan naŋ -médiko aŋ maŋa táo naŋ kanila ŋ -kamày o paà kuŋ <a id="a288.12" name= -"a288.12"></a>kayiláŋan.</span> <i>When necessary, people -get their hands or feet cut <a id="a288.13" name="a288.13"></a>off by a -doctor.</i> <span lang="tl">Mapùputúlan ka naŋ -dalírìʾ, pag hindí ka nagíŋat sa -iyo ŋ pagtatrabáho sa mákina ŋ -iyàn.</span> <i>You will get your <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>finger cut off, if you aren’t careful about -the way you work that machine.</i> <span lang="tl">Nasakyàn ko -nà aŋ kabáyo ŋ bara-barà.</span> <i>I -have succeeded in mounting the wild horse.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naskyàn ko nà aŋ baŋka ŋ <a id= -"a288.18" name="a288.18"></a>itò.</span> <i>I have already been -in this canoe.</i> <span lang="tl">Nawalàn naŋ málay -aŋ babáye sa kanyà ŋ -paghihimatày.</span> <i>The woman lost consciousness -<span class="lineNum">20</span>in her swoon.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly: <span lang="tl">báliʾ, -bukàs, halìk, hírap, láon, límot, -luwàt, patìd, pílit, sákit, -síraʾ, siyà, súbok, súgat, -suŋgàb, tagàl, tandàʾ, -úbos</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a288.23" name="a288.23"></a>(a) <span lang= -"tl">bitìw</span> lacks accent shift: <span lang= -"tl">mabitíwan</span>, cf. § <a href= -"#p374b">374,b</a>.</p> -<p id="p452" class="par"><a id="a288.24" name="a288.24"></a><b>452.</b> -Local passive with explicative <span lang="tl">pag-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">Hindí námin mapaglagarían <a id="a288.25" -name="a288.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ káhoy -aŋ kabáyo ŋ káhoy na ginawá mo.</span> -<i>We <a id="a288.26" name="a288.26"></a>cannot saw wood on the -saw-buck you have made.</i> <span lang="tl">Napagputúlan -námin naŋ kawáyan aŋ bágo ŋ -gawá mo ŋ kabáyo ŋ káhoy.</span> <i>We -were able to cut bamboo on the sawbuck you have just made.</i></p> -<p id="p453" class="par"><b>453.</b> Special static words resembling -the active; the following <a id="a288.30" name= -"a288.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>occur: <span lang="tl">Si -Bantùg ay isa ŋ táo ŋ makabáyan.</span> -<i>Bantog is a <a id="a288.31" name="a288.31"></a>patriotic man.</i> -<span lang="tl">damò ŋ makahyàʾ</span> <i>the -sensitive plant, <span lang="la">Mimosa pudica</span></i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a288.33" name="a288.33"></a>Of irregular use are -<span lang="tl">makalawà</span> (§ <a href= -"#p262.8">262,8</a>), and <span lang="tl">makatuwìd</span> -(<span lang="tl">tuwìd</span>).</p> -<p id="p453a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>(a) From a -word of this kind an active with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> is derived -<a id="a288.36" name="a288.36"></a>in: <span lang= -"tl">nagmàmakaáwaʾ</span> <i>provoking pity</i> (as -though from <span lang="tl">makaáwaʾ</span>).</p> -<p id="p453b" class="par">(b) The abstract is like a special static -word in: <span lang="tl">Aŋ bigàs <a id="a288.38" name= -"a288.38"></a>ay sya ŋ pinakamahalagà ŋ -pagkabúhay naŋ táo sa Filipínas.</span> -<i>Rice is the most important staple food in the Philippines.</i> Cf. -<a id="a288.40" name="a288.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>also -<span lang="tl">pagkaráka</span>, § <a href= -"#p265.9">265,9</a>.</p> -<p id="p454" class="par"><b>454.</b> <span lang="tl">ma-</span> forms -special static words denoting <i>that which by nature or circumstance -possesses such and such, usually a quality</i>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb289" href="#pb289" name= -"pb289">289</a>]</span><a id="a289.1" name="a289.1"></a><span lang= -"tl">Maalikabok nà aŋ mésa.</span> <i>The table is -dusty already.</i> <span lang="tl">Maásim aŋ <a id="a289.2" -name="a289.2"></a>súka ŋ itò.</span> <i>This wine is -sour.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ púno-ŋ-káhoy na -mabábaʾ</span> <i>a low <a id="a289.3" name= -"a289.3"></a>tree</i>; <span lang="tl">isa ŋ mabába ŋ -táo</span> <i>a humble person</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -labàŋ ay mabábaw.</span> <a id="a289.4" name= -"a289.4"></a><i>The trough of the manger is shallow.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Madálaŋ aŋ maŋa lindòl <a id="a289.5" -name="a289.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>díto.</span> -<i>Earthquakes are rare here.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y isa ŋ -ginoò ŋ magálaŋ.</span> <a id="a289.6" name= -"a289.6"></a><i>He is a polite gentleman.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Maginháwa aŋ umupó sa sìlya ŋ -itò.</span> <i>This chair is comfortable to sit in.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Maryà ay isa ŋ babáye ŋ -<a id="a289.8" name="a289.8"></a>mapúri.</span> <i>Maria is a -decent woman.</i> <span lang="tl">Maluwàŋ aŋ -báro ŋ itò.</span> <i>This blouse is too loose.</i> -<span lang="tl">matamìs</span> <i>sweet</i>, <span lang= -"tl">aŋ matamìs</span> <i>sugar</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Matipìd na <span class="lineNum">10</span>bátaʾ -si Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan is a saving child.</i></p> -<p class="par">The plural is made with <span lang="tl">ma- r</span>: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa táo sa báyan ay -mahuhúsay sumunòd sa kautusàn.</span> <i>The -people of the town are all good law-abiders.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a289.14" name="a289.14"></a>These forms are made -from so many roots that the Index will <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>be as convenient as a list.</p> -<p class="par">Derivatives: §§ <a href="#p352c">352,c</a>. -<a href="#p353a">353,a.b</a>. <a href="#p370">370.</a> <a href= -"#p499a">499,a</a>. <a href="#p500b">500,b</a>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a289.17" name="a289.17"></a>(a) Note <span lang= -"tl">masiyádo</span> <i>excessive</i>, <i>extreme</i>, as though -from a root <span lang="tl">-siyádo</span> (and so listed), -still felt by Mr. Santiago to be from Spanish <i lang= -"es">demasiado</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">20</span>(b) Accent shift due to -the root in <span lang="tl">masakìt</span>.</p> -<p id="p454c" class="par"><a id="a289.21" name="a289.21"></a>(c) From -derived words: <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagtayú sa -bubuŋàn ay mapaŋánib.</span> <a id="a289.22" -name="a289.22"></a><i>It is dangerous to stand on the roof.</i> So from -<span lang="tl">kasalánan</span> <a id="a289.23" name= -"a289.23"></a>(§ <a href="#p423">423</a>), <span lang= -"tl">kabuluhàn</span> (§ <a href="#p422">422</a>).</p> -<p id="p455" class="par"><b>455.</b> <span lang="tl">ma-pag-</span> -<i>someone given to doing so and so</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -inà ni <a id="a289.25" name="a289.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>Pédro ay mapagbigày sa kanya ŋ -maŋa kaululàn.</span> <i>Pedro’s mother <a id= -"a289.26" name="a289.26"></a>always gives in to his foolishness.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y mapagtipìd.</span> <i>He is very -economical.</i> So from: <span lang="tl">gawàʾ, -kumpisàl, simbà, siyásat, -usísaʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a289.28" name="a289.28"></a>(a) From a phrase, -probably: <span lang="tl">Aŋ táo ŋ si Hwàn ay -mapagpáku-m-babàʾ.</span> <i>That man Juan is -overmodest</i> (<span lang="tl">páko ŋ -babàʾ</span> <i>low <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>peg</i>?).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a289.31" name="a289.31"></a>(b) With accent -shift: <span lang="tl">Mapaghunì aŋ maŋa kabáyo -ŋ itò, kanya hindí dápat dalhìn sa -labanàn.</span> <i>These horses are given to neighing and -therefore should not be taken to war.</i> So also: <span lang= -"tl">mapagawày</span>.</p> -<p id="p456" class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span><b>456.</b> In -the same sense, but transitive in value, <span lang= -"tl">ma-paŋ-</span>: <a id="a289.36" name= -"a289.36"></a><span lang="tl">mapaŋgúlat</span> <i>given to -surprising or frightening people</i>, <span lang= -"tl">mapaŋhágis</span> <a id="a289.37" name= -"a289.37"></a><i>given to flinging things</i>; <span lang="tl">Aŋ -táo ŋ si Hwàn ay mapaŋhiràm.</span> -<a id="a289.38" name="a289.38"></a><i>The fellow Juan is a great -borrower.</i> <span lang="tl">mapaŋhiyàʾ</span> -<i>given to embarrassing <a id="a289.39" name="a289.39"></a>people</i>. -<span lang="tl">mapamukòl</span> <i>given to throwing -things</i>. So from: <span class="lineNum">40</span><span lang= -"tl">hilìŋ, matà</span>.</p> -<p id="p457" class="par"><b>457.</b> In similar meanings, with suffix -<span lang="tl">-in</span>:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a289.42" name="a289.42"></a>(a) <span lang= -"tl">ma- S -in</span>: So <span lang="tl">magustúhin, -masùnúrin</span>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb290" -href="#pb290" name="pb290">290</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a290.1" name="a290.1"></a>(b) <span lang="tl">ma- -(2) -in</span>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa táo y -hindí maibigìn sa pagkakàsála.</span> -<i>People are not fond of sinning.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a290.3" name="a290.3"></a>(c) <span lang="tl">ma- -r (2) -in</span>: <span lang="tl">matatawanìn</span> <i>easily -made to laugh</i>; <span lang="tl">Sya <a id="a290.4" name= -"a290.4"></a>y matutulugìn.</span> <i>He is a sleepy-head.</i> -So also: <span lang="tl">magugulatìn</span>.</p> -<p id="p458" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>458.</b> The -transients with <span lang="tl">kà-</span> refer to accidental -actions. The active has the forms: <span lang="tl">makà-, -makà- R, nakà-, nakà- R</span>, but the -reduplication sometimes affects the <span lang="tl">kà-</span> -instead of the root initial. The abstract has <span lang= -"tl">pagkà-</span>. The meanings are various, much like those of -<span lang="tl">maka-</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>459.</b> The active -sometimes expresses <i>an inanimate object as the agent of an -accidental action</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ guntìŋ -naŋ maŋgagamòt <a id="a290.12" name="a290.12"></a>ay -nakágupit naŋ isa ŋ ugàt na malakè, -kanyàʾ namatày aŋ kanya <a id="a290.13" name= -"a290.13"></a>ŋ ginágamòt.</span> <i>The -physician’s scissors accidentally cut a large artery, in -consequence of which his patient died.</i> Similarly, from <span class= -"lineNum">15</span><span lang="tl">gísiŋ, -háwa</span>.</p> -<p id="p460" class="par"><b>460.</b> More frequent is <i>a rational -actor of an accidental action</i>; as such is viewed any action the -exact form of which is out <a id="a290.18" name="a290.18"></a>of the -actor’s control. <span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay -nakàháwak naŋ káwad na mày <a id= -"a290.19" name="a290.19"></a>elektrisidàd.</span> <i>Pedro got -hold of a charged wire.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí nya -kilalà <a id="a290.20" name="a290.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>aŋ maŋa kwayanà ŋ iyòn, -kaniyà nakàpútol sya naŋ sa iba ŋ -táwo ŋ kawáyan.</span> <i>As he did not know those -bamboo-groves, he inadvertently cut some bamboo that belonged to other -people.</i> <span lang="tl">Sundan <a id="a290.23" name= -"a290.23"></a>mò silà sa kawayanàn, -sapagkàt baká sila nakàpùpútol -naŋ kawáya ŋ hindí nasàsákop -naŋ áti ŋ lúpaʾ.</span> <i>Follow them to -the <span class="lineNum">25</span>bamboo-grove, for they may be -cutting some bamboo that is not <a id="a290.26" name= -"a290.26"></a>included in our land.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwàn, -usisáin mo ŋ mabúti aŋ haŋgáhan -<a id="a290.27" name="a290.27"></a>naŋ kawayanàn, -bágo ka tumagá naŋ kawáyan, sapagkàt -baká ka <a id="a290.28" name= -"a290.28"></a>makàpútol naŋ kawáya ŋ -hindí átin.</span> <i>Juan, find out exactly the borders -of the bamboo-grove before you cut any bamboo, for else <a id="a290.30" -name="a290.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>you might cut some -bamboo that is not ours.</i> <span lang="tl">Pího ŋ -makàpùpútol <a id="a290.31" name= -"a290.31"></a>silà naŋ kawáya ŋ hindí -sakòp naŋ lúpaʾ, kapag hindí mo sila -<a id="a290.32" name="a290.32"></a>pinakialamàn, sapagkàt -aŋ haŋgáhan naŋ lúpa ŋ iyòn ay -lubhà <a id="a290.33" name="a290.33"></a>ŋ -balú-baluktòt.</span> <i>They will surely cut some bamboo -not included in the piece of ground, if you <span class="corr" id= -"xd21e57198" title="Source: dont">don’t</span> look after them, -for the boundary <a id="a290.35" name="a290.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>of the land is very irregular.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakàtísod akò naŋ isa ŋ -áhas.</span> <a id="a290.36" name="a290.36"></a><i>I hit a snake -with my foot.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakàtúlog si -Hwàn sa báhay na gibà-gibàʾ.</span> -<i>Juan hit upon a broken-down house as a place to sleep in, was -constrained by circumstances to sleep in a broken-down house.</i> -<a id="a290.39" name="a290.39"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nakàusísà sya naŋ nawalà ŋ -kwaltà.</span> <i>It came to her mind to inquire <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>about the lost money.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakàusísà sya naŋ isa ŋ táo -ŋ nakààalàm naŋ líhim.</span> -<i>He happened to ask a man who knew the secret.</i> Similarly: -<span lang="tl">bilì, daàn, inòm, káin, -súlat, tagpòʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Abstract: In the abstract the element of accident often -takes <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb291" href="#pb291" name= -"pb291">291</a>]</span><a id="a291.1" name="a291.1"></a>the form of -expressing <i>the way something turned out</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Limàŋ aŋ <a id="a291.2" name= -"a291.2"></a>pagkàbílaŋ nya sa maŋa -itlòg na itò.</span> <i>His count of these eggs has -<a id="a291.3" name="a291.3"></a>turned out wrong.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkágawá ni Hwána sa -páyoŋ ay masamàʾ.</span> <i>The umbrella Juana -made turned out poorly.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkágupìt <a id="a291.5" name="a291.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>sa úlo naŋ bátaʾ ay -hindí pantày-pantày.</span> <i>The boy’s -hair-cut <a id="a291.6" name="a291.6"></a>isn’t (hasn’t -turned out) even.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkàháti -naŋ mansánas <a id="a291.7" name="a291.7"></a>ay -hindí parého.</span> <i>The halving of the apple is not -exact.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkàísip nya sa -bugtòŋ ay hindi támaʾ.</span> <i>His guess at -the riddle is <a id="a291.9" name="a291.9"></a>not correct.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkálagok nyà sa itlòg ay -kanya ŋ pinagsisíhan.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">10</span><i>He repented his having (in a moment of weakness) -swallowed the <a id="a291.11" name="a291.11"></a>egg.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkàpások ni Hwàn naŋ -tapòn sa bóte ay malálim.</span> <a id="a291.12" -name="a291.12"></a><i>Juan got the cork too deep into the bottle.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkápatay sa magnanákaw ay -hindí sinadyàʾ.</span> <i>The killing of the thief -was not done on purpose.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkápatay -sa manòk ay masamàʾ.</span> <i>This chicken <a id= -"a291.15" name="a291.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>has not -been slaughtered in the proper manner.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkàpútol <a id="a291.16" name="a291.16"></a>naŋ -páloŋ naŋ kátiyaw ay hindí -sagàd.</span> <i>The cock’s comb is not <a id="a291.17" -name="a291.17"></a>cut off clean.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkátahul naŋ áso ay sya ŋ inilalá -naŋ sakìt nya sa lalamúnan.</span> <i>The -dog’s barking made the pain in its throat <a id="a291.19" name= -"a291.19"></a>worse.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkátanaw -kò sa púno-ŋ-káhoy ay itò y may -madidilàw <span class="lineNum">20</span>na dáhon.</span> -<i>The way I looked at that tree made it seem as if <a id="a291.21" -name="a291.21"></a>it had yellow leaves.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -kanya ŋ pagkátayòʾ</span> (or: <span lang= -"tl">pagkátindìg</span>) <span lang="tl">ay -dahilàn sa kanya ŋ pagkàgúlat.</span> <i>He -jumped to his feet because <a id="a291.23" name="a291.23"></a>of his -surprise.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkàtípon naŋ -maŋa dáho ŋ itò ay hindí -mabúte.</span> <i>These leaves have not been well heaped up.</i> -So from: <span class="lineNum">25</span><span lang= -"tl">bendisiyòn, bitbìt, hampàs, -higàʾ, páloʾ, tágoʾ, tirà, -upòʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p461" class="par"><b>461.</b> The active may denote a rational -actor <i>successful, <a id="a291.27" name="a291.27"></a>thanks to outer -circumstances, in such and such an action</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Nakáhampas <a id="a291.28" name="a291.28"></a>aŋ -báta ŋ si Hwàn naŋ isa ŋ -tutubè.</span> <i>Little Juan succeeded <a id="a291.29" name= -"a291.29"></a>in hitting a dragon-fly with his whip.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nakàháte si Hwàn <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>naŋ maŋa mansánas.</span> <i>Juan -got a chance to divide up the apples.</i> <a id="a291.31" name= -"a291.31"></a><span lang="tl">Nakàkàkapá sya -naŋ isa ŋ palakàʾ.</span> <i>He has got hold of a -frog</i> (as, <a id="a291.32" name="a291.32"></a>in grasping for frogs -in mud-holes). <span lang="tl">Nakàpána akò -naŋ usà.</span> <i>I <a id="a291.33" name="a291.33"></a>hit -a deer with an arrow.</i> <span lang="tl">Nakàtípun -nà akò naŋ maŋa dáhon, naŋ -pumaròn si Tátay.</span> <i>By the time Father got there, -I had already <span class="lineNum">35</span>had time to get some -leaves heaped up.</i> So also: <span lang="tl">ágaw, -hiŋìʾ, sáli</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a291.36" name="a291.36"></a>Abstract: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkàbúhay naŋ médiko sa kay -Hwàn ay isà <a id="a291.37" name="a291.37"></a>ŋ -malakì ŋ ikinatwá naŋ kanya ŋ -kababáyan.</span> <i>The doctor’s saving of Juan’s -life was a cause of great gladness to his fellow-townsmen.</i> <a id= -"a291.39" name="a291.39"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkàtáwag nyà sa médiko ŋ -nagligtàs naŋ búhay naŋ kanya <a id="a291.40" -name="a291.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>ŋ anàk ay -dahilàn sa pagkàgámit nya naŋ -teléfono.</span> <i>His chance of calling the doctor who saved -his child’s life was due to the use he was enabled to make of the -telephone.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ nagìŋ -pagkágupit <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb292" href="#pb292" -name="pb292">292</a>]</span>nyà sa makapàl na -damìt ay naŋyáre dahilàn sa paggámit -nya naŋ <a id="a292.2" name="a292.2"></a>guntìŋ -naŋ láta.</span> <i>The fact that he was able to cut the -thick cloth was <a id="a292.3" name="a292.3"></a>due to his using the -tin-shears.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkáhampas nyà -sa maŋa bátàʾ ay dahilàn sa -kahabáan naŋ kanya ŋ pamáloʾ.</span> <i>He -can hit the children <a id="a292.5" name="a292.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>because of the length of his stick.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkàháraŋ kina Hwàn <a id= -"a292.6" name="a292.6"></a>ay sya nilà ŋ ikinawalá -naŋ kanila ŋ salapèʾ.</span> <i>Juan and his -party’s having been held up was what deprived them of their -money.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ <a id="a292.8" name= -"a292.8"></a>pagkàháti nya sa tubù ay hindí -maŋyàyáre kuŋ gumámit sya naŋ -mapurùl na gúlok.</span> <i>He would not have been able -to slice the sugar-cane <span class="lineNum">10</span>down its -length</i> (as a game or trick), <i>if he had used a dull <a id= -"a292.11" name="a292.11"></a>bolo</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Pagkàísip nya kuŋ anò aŋ -dápat nya ŋ gawìn sa magnanákaw na -nàhúli nya, ay ginawá nya iyòn -agàd.</span> <i>When he had at last hit upon the idea of what to -do with the thief he had caught, <a id="a292.14" name="a292.14"></a>he -immediately carried it out.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naŋhináyaŋ aŋ boo ŋ báyan sa -<a id="a292.15" name="a292.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>pagkápatay kay Risàl naŋ -maŋa Kastílaʾ.</span> <i>The whole country mourned -over the killing of Rizal by the Spaniards.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -ámi ŋ <a id="a292.17" name="a292.17"></a>pagkásakay -sa baŋkàʾ ay syà ŋ nagligtàs sa -ámi ŋ búhay.</span> <i>Our having been able to get -into the canoe is what saved our lives.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -<a id="a292.19" name="a292.19"></a>pagkàsúnog naŋ -maŋa magnanákaw sa báyan ay pinarusáhan -naŋ <span class="lineNum">20</span>gubyèrno.</span> <i>The -thieves’ burning the town was punished by the <a id="a292.21" -name="a292.21"></a>government.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkátayo naŋ isa ŋ -báhay-pàmahaláa ŋ batò ay <a id= -"a292.22" name="a292.22"></a>dahilàn sa pagpapaalaála ni -Hwàn naŋ paŋánib sa súnog.</span> <i>The -fact that a stone government-building came after all to be built, was -due to Juan’s calling attention to the danger from fire.</i> -<span lang="tl">Anu <a id="a292.25" name="a292.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>ŋ pagkátipid ni Hwàn!</span> -<i>How saving Juan has been!</i> So from: <span lang="tl">sábi, -táwag</span>.</p> -<p id="p462" class="par"><b>462.</b> The active is used of certain acts -of sensation whose <a id="a292.28" name="a292.28"></a>occurrence is out -of the control of the subject: <span lang="tl">aŋ -nakàkìkilála, aŋ -nakàkàkilála</span> <i>one who has got knowledge -of a person or thing</i>, <i>has <span class="lineNum">30</span>come to -know his habits</i>, <i>recognizes his nature</i>. <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkàgúlat ni <a id="a292.31" name= -"a292.31"></a>Hwána ay syà ŋ ikinátawà -naŋ marámi ŋ nakàkàkíta.</span> -<i>Juana’s <a id="a292.32" name="a292.32"></a>astonishment amused -many who saw it.</i> With <span lang="tl">kilála</span> compare -<span lang="tl">nakáramdàm</span> <a id="a292.33" name= -"a292.33"></a><i>felt</i>; with <span lang="tl">kíta, -nakàmálay, nakátanàw</span>, and -<span lang="tl">nakárinìg</span> <i>heard</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a292.35" name="a292.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span>Abstract: <span lang="tl">Malínaw aŋ -pagkàkíta ko sa naŋyáre.</span> <i>I had a -clear view of what took place.</i> So: <span lang="tl">dinìg, -masìd, tanàw</span>.</p> -<p id="p463" class="par"><b>463.</b> The direct passive has the forms -<span lang="tl">mà-, mà- R, nà-, nà- -R</span>.</p> -<p class="par">It may correspond regularly to the active type in § -<a href="#p460">460</a>, and <span class="lineNum">40</span>denote -<i>an object undergoing an accidental action of a rational -actor</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a292.42" name="a292.42"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nàáso ko sa boo ŋ báyan aŋ -bátaʾ, káhit na hindí ko gustò.</span> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb293" href="#pb293" name= -"pb293">293</a>]</span><i>I was forced to go shouting after the child -all over town, though <a id="a293.2" name="a293.2"></a>I didn’t -like to do it.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí mu ba -nàbása sa diyáriyo aŋ tuŋkùl sa -súnog?</span> <i>Haven’t you come across the details of -the fire in the <a id="a293.4" name="a293.4"></a>paper?</i> <span lang= -"tl">Baká mo màbásag, Hwána, iyà -ŋ pinaglàlaruwan mò ŋ <a id="a293.5" name= -"a293.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>kandeléro.</span> -<i>See that you don’t break that candlestick you’re playing -<a id="a293.6" name="a293.6"></a>with, Juana.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nádala nyà naŋ hindí -sinásadyàʾ sa kanya ŋ pagalìs aŋ -áki ŋ páyoŋ.</span> <i>When he went away he -inadvertently <a id="a293.8" name="a293.8"></a>carried off my -umbrella.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàgambála ku aŋ -pagaáral ni Hwàn dahilàn sa áki ŋ -pagdatìŋ na walá sa óras.</span> <i>I -disturbed Juan in <a id="a293.10" name="a293.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>his studying by my untimely arrival.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàgámit ni Hwàn aŋ áki ŋ, -<a id="a293.11" name="a293.11"></a>sombréro dahilàn sa -kanyà ŋ pagmamadalí naŋ pagalìs.</span> -<i>Juan <a id="a293.12" name="a293.12"></a>used my hat in the haste of -his departure.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàgísiŋ nya sa -kanya <a id="a293.13" name="a293.13"></a>ŋ pagiiŋày -aŋ maŋa bátaʾ.</span> <i>What with his racket he -woke up the <a id="a293.14" name="a293.14"></a>children.</i> -<span lang="tl">Náhampàs naŋ hindí -sinásadyá ni Pédro aŋ bábuy naŋ -<span class="lineNum">15</span>kanya ŋ -kápit-báhay.</span> <i>Pedro inadvertently hit his -neighbor’s hog <a id="a293.16" name="a293.16"></a>with his -whip.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàíwan din nyà sa -ákin aŋ kanyà ŋ anàk, káhit na -itò y áyaw nya ŋ gawìn.</span> <i>She was -also forced to leave her child <a id="a293.18" name="a293.18"></a>with -me, although she disliked to do this.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nápatày ko naŋ barìl-barílan -aŋ manòk.</span> <i>I accidentally killed the chicken with -my toy-gun.</i> <a id="a293.20" name="a293.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span><span lang="tl">Kánin mo aŋ -milòn, kuŋ iyu ŋ gustò, o kayàʾ -aŋ ságiŋ, kuŋ sya <a id="a293.21" name= -"a293.21"></a>mo itò ŋ -nàpìpíleʾ.—Nàpìpíli -ko aŋ milòn.</span> <i>Eat the banana, if you <a id= -"a293.22" name="a293.22"></a>like, or the melon, if you prefer -it.</i>—<i>I prefer the melon.</i> <span lang="tl">Nápitas -nyà aŋ bulaklàk naŋ hindí -sinásadyàʾ.</span> <i>She picked the flower without -intending to.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàpútol ko naŋ -hindí sinásadyàʾ aŋ lúbid na -<span class="lineNum">25</span>itò.</span> <i>I chanced, without -intending<a id="xd21e57877" name="xd21e57877"></a> it, to cut this -string.</i> <span lang="tl">Baká mo <a id="a293.26" name= -"a293.26"></a>màsíraʾ, Hwàn, aŋ -patágo sa iyù ŋ kwàlta naŋ iyu ŋ -kapatìd.</span> <i>See to it, Juan, that you don’t do away -with your brother’s money <a id="a293.28" name="a293.28"></a>that -is entrusted to you.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàusísà -ni Hwána aŋ inumìt na siŋsìŋ -naŋ kanyà ŋ kapatìd.</span> <i>Juana happened -to inquire for the ring her <span class="lineNum">30</span>sister had -filched.</i> So from: <span lang="tl">aŋkìn, búlag, -bútas, hábol, patày, púlot</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>464.</b> The direct passive may correspond regularly -to the active described in § <a href="#p461">461</a>, and denote -<i>an object undergoing an action which a rational actor was enabled to -perform by virtue of <span class="lineNum">35</span>outer -circumstances</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a293.36" name="a293.36"></a><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ úlo ni Hwàn ay -nàbìbílog naŋ kanya ŋ -kalaròʾ.</span> <i>Juan’s playmates are succeeding in -making a fool of him</i> (literally: <i>in <a id="a293.38" name= -"a293.38"></a>rounding his head</i>). <span lang="tl">Nágupit -nyà aŋ makapàl na damìt.</span> <i>It <a id= -"a293.39" name="a293.39"></a>turned out that he was able to cut the -thick cloth.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ku màípon -<a id="a293.40" name="a293.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>aŋ maŋa karáyum na -naŋàsábug sa lúpaʾ.</span> <i>I did not -succeed in gathering up all the needles that were scattered over the -floor.</i> <a id="a293.42" name="a293.42"></a><span lang= -"tl">Hindí ko mápatay aŋ púsa ŋ -itò.</span> <i>I cannot kill this cat</i> (i.e. its life is -tough, it gets away, etc.) <span lang="tl">Kapag nàpútol -mo aŋ bákal na <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb294" href= -"#pb294" name="pb294">294</a>]</span><a id="a294.1" name= -"a294.1"></a>iyàn, ikàw ay -makawáwalàʾ.</span> <i>If you can get a chance to -cut <a id="a294.2" name="a294.2"></a>through that iron, you can make -your escape.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàpútol nya aŋ -<a id="a294.3" name="a294.3"></a>káhoy.</span> <i>He got the -wood cut all right.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí nya -màpútol aŋ leèg naŋ manòk.</span> -<i>He couldn’t get the chicken’s neck cut through.</i> -<a id="a294.5" name="a294.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">Màpùpútol na raw -nyà aŋ púno naŋ káhoy na -nabwàl.</span> <i>He says he will be in a position to cut -through the tree that has fallen.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id= -"a294.7" name="a294.7"></a>kanyà ŋ -násiŋìl</span> <i>the money he was able to -collect</i>. Similarly, from: <span lang="tl">bálot, -gawàʾ, húli, kúha, kúlam, -nákaw, pitàs, sábi, taàs, -táwag</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>465.</b> Similarly, the direct passive is regularly -used to correspond <span class="lineNum">10</span>to the active in -§ <a href="#p462">462</a>, of <i>objects of sensation</i>. -<span lang="tl">Nàkilála ko si Hwàn doòn sa -sàwáyan.</span> <i>I got acquainted with Juan at that -dance.</i> So from: <span lang="tl">alaála, dinìg, -inò, kíta, málas, pansìn</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>466.</b> Other uses of the direct passive do not -regularly correspond to any active, cf. § <a href="#p440">440</a> -f.; these have their own abstract <span class="lineNum">15</span>with -<span lang="tl">pagkà-</span>.</p> -<p class="par">The direct passive is used to denote <i>an object which -has accidentally got into such and such a condition</i>; the actor is -either indifferent or entirely lacking. There seems to be no abstract -principle clearly separating this form from the passive with -<span lang="tl">na-</span> <span class="lineNum">20</span>described in -§ <a href="#p440">440</a>; where position of the object is -involved, the accidental form is preferred.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a294.22" name="a294.22"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nàbúte aŋ kanyà ŋ -pagkatákot.</span> <i>His fear reached a high point.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ baŋkà y -patúŋo sa bandà ŋ kalunúran, -dátapuwat <a id="a294.24" name="a294.24"></a>pagkaraàn -naŋ ilà ŋ sandalìʾ ay náiba aŋ -kanya ŋ bandáhin.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">25</span><i>His canoe was headed toward the west, but after a -while his direction <a id="a294.26" name="a294.26"></a>changed.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ ìnumínan naŋ báhay ay -dápat málagay sa lugàr na <a id="a294.27" name= -"a294.27"></a>malílim.</span> <i>The shelf for drinking-water of -a house should be in a <a id="a294.28" name="a294.28"></a>shady -place.</i> <span lang="tl">Násakay sa trèn aŋ -ipinahatìd mo ŋ maŋa -dalaŋhítaʾ.</span> <a id="a294.29" name= -"a294.29"></a><i>The tangerines you sent have been shipped.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nàtúlin aŋ pagpapadulàs -<span class="lineNum">30</span>naŋ báta ŋ si -Hwàn sa pútek.</span> <i>Juan’s sliding on the mud -got faster and faster (in spite of him).</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly from: <span lang="tl">bágay, -balítaʾ, baòn, dápat, doòn, -hintòʾ, húsay, <a id="xd21e58159" name= -"xd21e58159"></a>kápit, lapàg, látag, -ligtàs, liguwàk, lípat, lubòg, -lúlan, mána, nákaw, pagítan, -pákoʾ, patày, pátuŋ, sábog, -taàn, tábon, <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>tágoʾ, talàʾ, tanìm, -taòn, tayòʾ, tirà, túlos, -únat</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a294.36" name="a294.36"></a>Abstract: <span lang= -"tl">Pagkásakay naŋ maŋa sáko naŋ -kamóte sa trèn ay lumákad itò -agàd.</span> <i>As soon as the bags of sweet-potatoes had been -put on board <span class="corr" id="xd21e58181" title= -"Source: thee">the</span> train, the latter started to move.</i> So -from: <span lang="tl">balítaʾ, gámit, ibà, -látag, libìŋ, sarà</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span><b>466a.</b> This -irregular passive is used also of animate, rational subjects, whose -actions, then, are viewed rather as an accidental undergoing; this type -is not clearly definable from that with <span lang="tl">ma-</span> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb295" href="#pb295" name= -"pb295">295</a>]</span>in § <a href="#p441">441</a>, except where -both forms are used in contrast (<span lang= -"tl">-higàʾ</span>); the habit with regard to each root is, -however, entirely fixed.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a295.3" name="a295.3"></a>In some cases the -accidental actor is imaginable: <span lang="tl">Náakyàt -si <a id="a295.4" name="a295.4"></a>Pédro sa itaàs -naŋ láŋit dahilàn sa ginawá nya ŋ -pagkápit sa <a id="a295.5" name="a295.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>pinalipàd na lóbo.</span> <i>Pedro got -carried up into the air owing to his <a id="a295.6" name= -"a295.6"></a>grip on the loosed balloon.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàháraŋ sina Hwàn sa -daà-ŋ-Balíwag.</span> <i>Juan and his company -chanced to get held up on the Baliuag road.</i> <a id="a295.8" name= -"a295.8"></a><span lang="tl">Hwag kà, Hwàn, -pumásuk sa sekréta, sapagkàt baká ka -máhigàʾ <a id="a295.9" name="a295.9"></a>sa -ihawàn, kuŋ ikàw ay màhúle.</span> -<i>Don’t go as a spy, Juan, for you <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>might get laid on the gridiron, if you got -caught.</i> Similarly: <span lang="tl">baŋgìt, -barìl, bilaŋgòʾ, distíno, húli, -ligtàs, píliʾ, taŋgàp, -táwag</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a295.12" name="a295.12"></a>Processes of life: -<span lang="tl">Sya y nábiŋì.</span> <i>He got -deaf.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàbúte si Hwàn sa kanya -ŋ pagkatákot.</span> <i>Juan was bettered by his -fright.</i> <a id="a295.14" name="a295.14"></a><span lang="tl">Si -Pédro at si Maryà ay -màkàkasàl.</span> <i>Pedro and Maria will get -<span class="lineNum">15</span>married some day.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">himbìŋ, lóko, tahímik, tinìk, -túto, wíli</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a295.16" name="a295.16"></a>Abstract: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkàgúlat ni Hwána sa -maíŋay na putòk naŋ <a id="a295.17" name= -"a295.17"></a>kanyòn ay sya nyà ŋ -ikinabiŋì.</span> <i>Juana’s shock at the loud report -of the cannon was what made her deaf.</i> <span lang="tl">Malakì -aŋ kanila ŋ nagìŋ <a id="a295.19" name= -"a295.19"></a>pagkàgúlat.</span> <i>Their astonishment -was great.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkàsúnog sa -<span class="lineNum">20</span>maŋa sundálo sa loòb -naŋ báhay ay naŋyári dáhil sa -pagkásara naŋ maŋa bintánaʾ.</span> <i>The -fact that the soldiers were burned in the house was due to the -circumstance that the windows had been <a id="a295.23" name= -"a295.23"></a>closed.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkátinìk sa lalamúnan naŋ bátaʾ -ay sya nyà ŋ ikinamatày.</span> <i>The boy’s -getting a fishbone into his throat was what <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>killed him.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagkátinik -naŋ uŋgòʾ ay sya y nagálit.</span> <i>When -the <a id="a295.26" name="a295.26"></a>monkey had got a spine into his -foot he got angry.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkàwíle -ni Hwàn sa báhay ny Andrès ay dahilàn sa -anàk na dalága nitò.</span> <i>Juan’s being -spell-bound in Andres’ house was due to the latter’s -daughter.</i> So: <span lang="tl">gustò, kasàl, -maŋhàʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a295.30" name="a295.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Movements, especially the resultant position: -<span class="corr" id="xd21e58369" title="Not in source"><span lang= -"tl">Sya y nárapàʾ.</span> <i>He fell on his -face.</i></span> <span lang="tl">Náriyan kamì sa iyo -ŋ báhay kahápon naŋ umága, -dátapuwat hindí ka námin dinatnàn.</span> -<i>We were at your house yesterday morning, but we did <a id="a295.33" -name="a295.33"></a>not find you there.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Náluhod sya sa kanyà ŋ harapàn.</span> -<i>He knelt down in front of her.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàpàpagítan si Hwàn sa dalawà -ŋ dalága.</span> <span class="lineNum">35</span><i>Juan -chanced to get placed between two young ladies.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sila y nàùupòʾ.</span> <i>They are -seated.</i> Similarly from: <span lang="tl">ákap, alìs, -bálot, díne, díto, dulàs, doòn, -haràp, kublì, kulòŋ, lákad, -lugmòk, padpàd, panhìk, sakày, -sísid, tabì, tágoʾ, tayòʾ, -tirà, tuŋtòŋ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a295.39" name="a295.39"></a>Abstract: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ ikinátahol naŋ maŋa áso ay aŋ -pagkádapá ni <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>Hwàn.</span> <i>What made the dogs bark was -Juan’s falling on his face.</i> <a id="a295.41" name= -"a295.41"></a><span lang="tl">Pagkásakay ni Hwàn sa -trèn ay lumákad ito ŋ agàd.</span> <i>When -Juan was on board the train, it soon started to move.</i> So also: -<span lang="tl">dulàs, kublì, lagày, -panhìk, silìd, tabì, tayòʾ</span>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb296" href="#pb296" name= -"pb296">296</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p467" class="par"><b>467.</b> The passive forms an explicit -plural in which <span lang="tl">-aŋ-</span> is <a id="a296.2" -name="a296.2"></a>infixed into the <span lang="tl">nà-</span>: -<span lang="tl">Tibáyan mo aŋ maŋa -itátayú mo ŋ kúbo sa <a id="a296.3" name= -"a296.3"></a>búkid, sapagkàt baká iyo y -maŋágibàʾ kuŋ lumakàs aŋ -háŋin.</span> <i>Prop up the huts you are going to build in -the fields, for otherwise <a id="a296.5" name="a296.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>they might break down when the wind gets -stronger.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Maŋàgìgibàʾ aŋ maŋa -báhay na itò, sapagkàt hindí -támaʾ aŋ pagkátayòʾ.</span> -<i>These houses will break down, because they are not built right.</i> -So from: <span lang="tl">paŋàw, sábog, -taluŋkòʾ.</span></p> -<p id="p468" class="par"><b>468.</b> An irregular form is <span lang= -"tl">nàndon</span> beside <span lang= -"tl">ná-roòn</span>.</p> -<p id="p469" class="par"><a id="a296.10" name= -"a296.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>469.</b> Accent shift -is due to the root: <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapatahòl ni -Hwàn sa kanya ŋ áso ay -nakàtàtawà.</span> <i>Juan’s making his dog -bark is a funny sight.</i> So <span lang="tl">álam, -túloy</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a296.13" name="a296.13"></a>Passive: <span lang= -"tl">Náabut nyà sa kanyà ŋ paglulundàg -na may táŋa <a id="a296.14" name="a296.14"></a>ŋ -pamáloʾ aŋ ilawàn, kanyàʾ -itò y nabásag.</span> <i>In his climbing with -<span class="lineNum">15</span>the stick in hand, he accidentally -reached the lamp, and so it got <a id="a296.16" name= -"a296.16"></a>broken.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nábulàg.</span> <i>He went blind.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">gísiŋ, háyag, húli, lápit, -láyoʾ, túloy</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a296.18" name="a296.18"></a>Abstract: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkáhuli naŋ susòʾ ay -malakè.</span> <i>The snail was left way behind.</i> -<span class="corr" id="xd21e58562" title="Not in source"><span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagkáabot nyà sa bóte ay hindi -magálaŋ.</span> <i>The way he reached for the bottle was -not polite.</i></span> So: <span lang="tl"><a id="xd21e58571" name= -"xd21e58571"></a>álam, áyaw, gísiŋ, -lápit, úna</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a296.20" name="a296.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span><b>470.</b> From phrases: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -paánan naŋ hìgáan ay -nàbàbandà-ŋ-kataasàn, <a id="a296.21" -name="a296.21"></a>dátapwat dápat -màbanda-ŋ-ibabàʾ.</span> <i>The foot of the bed -is turned toward the north, but should be turned to the south</i> -(<span lang="tl">bandà ŋ ibabàʾ, bandà -ŋ kataasàn</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a296.24" name="a296.24"></a>From derived words: -Passive: <span lang="tl">Nàtàtagílid aŋ -baŋkàʾ.</span> <i>The <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>boat has a list to one side</i> (<span lang= -"tl">ta-gílid</span>, § <a href="#p523">523</a>).</p> -<p id="p470a" class="par">(a) Passives from words with prefix -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> (§ <a href="#p398">398</a>) are -frequent. <a id="a296.27" name="a296.27"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -búkid ni Hwàn ay nàkàkarátig -naŋ kay Pédro.</span> <i>Juan’s field <a id="a296.28" -name="a296.28"></a>borders on Pedro’s.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàkasále nya sa kanya ŋ paglalaròʾ -aŋ kanya <a id="a296.29" name="a296.29"></a>ŋ -pínsan.</span> <i>He took his cousin for playmate.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Maryáno ay nàkatálo <a id= -"a296.30" name="a296.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>ni -Hwàn.</span> <i>Mariano was Juan’s opponent.</i> -<span lang="tl">Si Narsíso aŋ lági <a id="a296.31" -name="a296.31"></a>ŋ nàkàkatálo ni -Pédro sa maŋa pagtatálo ŋ -idinàdáos liŋgo-liŋgò <a id="a296.32" -name="a296.32"></a>sa kanila ŋ sàmáhan.</span> -<i>Narcisso is always Pedro’s opponent in the debates which they -hold every Sunday at their club.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Lúkas -aŋ màkàkatálo ko.</span> <i>Lucas will be my -opponent.</i> <span lang= -"tl">nàkàkatúŋo</span> <i>the person -<span class="lineNum">35</span>one happens to be dealing with</i>. -<span lang="tl">nàkaúsap</span> <i>be by chance able to -be conversed with</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a296.37" name="a296.37"></a>Underlying word -non-existent: <span lang="tl">Nàkatúlog si Hwàn sa -panunoòd naŋ teátro.</span> <i>Juan fell asleep -while watching the play.</i> <span lang="tl">Umulàn <a id= -"a296.39" name="a296.39"></a>kagabì at lumamìg, -kaniyàʾ ako nàkatúlog naŋ -mahimbìŋ.</span> <i>Last <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>night it rained and got cool; in consequence I fell -sound asleep, <a id="a296.41" name="a296.41"></a>got a sound sleep.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hindí ako màkatúlog.</span> <i>I -couldn’t get any sleep.</i> Abstract: <span lang="tl">aŋ -pagkàkatúlog</span>.</p> -<p id="p470b" class="par"><a id="a296.43" name="a296.43"></a>(b) -Explicit plural of the preceding: <span lang= -"tl">Naŋàkàkatúlog sila ŋ <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb297" href="#pb297" name= -"pb297">297</a>]</span>lahàt, naŋ pumások sa -báhay aŋ magnanákaw.</span> <i>They had all fallen -<a id="a297.2" name="a297.2"></a>asleep, when the thief came into the -house.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagpilítan ninyò ŋ <a id= -"a297.3" name="a297.3"></a>hwag kayò ŋ -maŋàkatúlog sa inyo ŋ pagbabantày sa -maŋa háyop at iba pà ŋ árì -naŋ pàmahalaàn.</span> <i>See to it that you -don’t fall <span class="lineNum">5</span>asleep when on guard -over the animals and other property of the government.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ŋayòn ay maŋàkàkatúlog -silà, dahilàn sa maláon <a id="a297.7" name= -"a297.7"></a>nila ŋ pagpupuyàt gabi-gabì.</span> -<i>Now they will be able to sleep, owing to their staying up late night -after night.</i></p> -<p id="p471" class="par"><b>471.</b> Passive with <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span> (cf. § <a href="#p445">445</a>): the -reduplication affects <a id="a297.10" name="a297.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>the <span lang="tl">pag-</span>. <span lang= -"tl">Hindí ko màpagáway aŋ tamìs at -aŋ ásim naŋ limonáda ŋ itò.</span> -<i>I cannot produce a balance of sweet and sour in this lemonade.</i> -<a id="a297.12" name="a297.12"></a><span lang="tl">Sa kalaúnan -ay nàpagkilála ni Hwàn aŋ kanya ŋ -kamàlían.</span> <a id="a297.13" name= -"a297.13"></a><i>Finally Juan saw where he was wrong.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí nya nàpagkúroʾ agàd -kuŋ anò aŋ gàgawin nyà.</span> <i>He was -not able to decide at once <a id="a297.15" name= -"a297.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>what he was going to -do.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàpàpagkúrù mo -bà aŋ lahàt naŋ sinábi ko sa iyò -kahápon?</span> <i>Are you able to figure out all I said to you -yesterday?</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ko màpagkúro -kuŋ anò aŋ íbig nya ŋ -sabíhin.</span> <i>I simply couldn’t make out what he was -trying to say.</i></p> -<p class="par">(a) Accent shift is due to the root: <span lang= -"tl">Áyon sa sábi naŋ marámi <a id="a297.20" -name="a297.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>ay -màpàpaghuli na ràw aŋ maŋa -magnanákaw.</span> <i>According to what people say, the thieves -will soon be caught.</i></p> -<p id="p472" class="par"><a id="a297.22" name="a297.22"></a><b>472.</b> -Passive with <span lang="tl">paŋ-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">Nàpanagínip niya ŋ nàkíta nya -aŋ kanya ŋ amà.</span> <i>He dreamt he saw his -father.</i></p> -<p id="p473" class="par"><a id="a297.24" name="a297.24"></a><b>473.</b> -<span lang="tl">makà- D</span> is used in prohibitions: -<span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ -makàláyas-láyas!</span> <span class= -"lineNum">25</span><i>Don’t ever run away!</i> So from -<span lang="tl">tuŋtóŋ</span>.</p> -<p id="p473a" class="par"><a id="a297.26" name="a297.26"></a>(a) with -<span lang="tl">paki-</span>: <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ -makàpakikáin-káin kuŋ hindí ka -inàanyáhan.</span> <i>Don’t ever take a meal with -people unless they invite you.</i></p> -<p id="p474" class="par"><b>474.</b> The instrumental passive is rare: -<span lang="tl"><span class="corr" id="xd21e58909" title= -"Not in source">badiyà,</span> màilabàs, -màipások, <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>màitúroʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p475" class="par"><b>475.</b> Local passive with <span lang= -"tl">mà-</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a297.32" name="a297.32"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nàmàmasdan kò mulá sa banda ŋ -itò naŋ bintánaʾ aŋ báhay ni -Áli ŋ Maryà.</span> <i>I get a view of Mistress -Maria’s house from this <a id="a297.34" name="a297.34"></a>side -of the window.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagiŋátan mo aŋ iyo -ŋ kwaltà sa bulsà pagluwàs <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>mo sa Maynílaʾ, at naŋ hwag -kà ŋ mànakáwan.</span> <i>Look carefully to -the money in your purse when you go to Manila, so as not <a id= -"a297.37" name="a297.37"></a>to get robbed.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàpasúkan nya sa kwàrto aŋ -magnanákaw.</span> <i>In <a id="a297.38" name= -"a297.38"></a>entering the room he came upon the thief.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàputúlan ku naŋ tahìd <a id="a297.39" -name="a297.39"></a>aŋ kátyaw.</span> <i>I managed to cut -the game-cock’s spur.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàpùputúlan <span class="lineNum">40</span>ko -nà naŋ páloŋ aŋ kátyaw.</span> <i>I -am succeeding in cutting off <a id="a297.41" name="a297.41"></a>the -game-cock’s comb.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Màpùputúlan daw nyà naŋ maŋa -páloŋ <a id="a297.42" name="a297.42"></a>aŋ maŋa -kátyaw nya ŋ paŋsáboŋ.</span> <i>He will -manage to cut off the <a id="a297.43" name="a297.43"></a>combs of his -pit game-cocks, he says.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàsagasáan -naŋ trèn aŋ isa <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb298" -href="#pb298" name="pb298">298</a>]</span><a id="a298.1" name= -"a298.1"></a>ŋ táo.</span> <i>A man got run over by the -train.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàsakyan námin aŋ -baŋká ni Hwàn.</span> <i>We happened to get into -Juan’s canoe.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kamàtáya -ŋ màtagpuàn naŋ isa ŋ magnanákaw ay -lági ŋ hindí mabúte.</span> <i>The death a -robber meets is usually not good.</i> <span lang="tl">Baká mu -<a id="a298.5" name="a298.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>màtamáan aŋ úlu naŋ -bátaʾ.</span> <i>See that you don’t hit the -child’s head (and disfigure him).</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly: <span lang="tl">balítaʾ, -bukàs, damdàm, datìŋ, gustò, -intindì, kamìt, kulápol, ligtàs, -málay, pígil, tanìm, túlog, tumpàk, -túto, wisìk</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a298.9" name="a298.9"></a>(a) With contraction of -prefix and initial: <span lang="tl">màláman -(álam)</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>(b) Accent shift lacking: -<span lang="tl">nàmatáan (matà)</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a298.11" name="a298.11"></a>(c) Extra accent -shift is due to the root: <span lang="tl">Kamuntí naŋ -màtamaàn naŋ kanya ŋ pukòl aŋ -bátaʾ.</span> <i>He nearly hit the child with his -throw.</i> <span lang="tl">Baká mu màtamaàn -aŋ bátaʾ.</span> <i>See that you don’t hit -<a id="a298.14" name="a298.14"></a>the child.</i> So also: <span lang= -"tl">nàalamàn (álam)</span>.</p> -<p id="p476" class="par"><a id="a298.15" name= -"a298.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>476.</b> Local passive -with <span lang="tl">mà-pag-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">Nàpaghìhinaláan naŋ kápitan -aŋ mabaìt na si Hwàn.</span> <i>Even honest Juan -falls under the <a id="a298.17" name="a298.17"></a>mayor’s -suspicion.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàpàpaghinaláan -nilà si Kulàs sa pagkawalá naŋ -aláhas.</span> <i>They are capable of suspecting Nicolás -in connection <a id="a298.19" name="a298.19"></a>with the disappearance -of the jewelry.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Màpàpaghinaláan ka ŋ kasabuwàt -<span class="lineNum">20</span>naŋ maŋa sundálo sa -bundòk, kapag hindí ka tumahímik sa -báhay.</span> <i>You will risk suspicion as having connection -with the soldiers in the mountains, if you do not stay quietly in your -house.</i> <a id="a298.23" name="a298.23"></a>Similarly: <span lang= -"tl">álam, bintàŋ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a298.24" name="a298.24"></a>(a) Extra accent -shift (plural): <span lang= -"tl">mà-pag-alam-àn</span>.</p> -<p id="p477" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>477.</b> -Local passive with <span lang="tl">mà-paŋ-</span>; the only -example lacks accent <a id="a298.26" name="a298.26"></a>shift: -<span lang="tl">nà-paŋ-aginàldo-han</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>478.</b> Local passive with <span lang= -"tl">mà-</span> from underlying word with <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span> <a id="a298.28" name="a298.28"></a>(cf. § <a href= -"#p398">398</a>): <span lang="tl">nàkagalítan, -màkatuwaàn</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(a) with <span lang="tl">pagka-</span>, corresponding to -an active with <span lang="tl">magka-</span> <a id="a298.30" name= -"a298.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>(§ <a href= -"#p405">405</a>): <span lang="tl">màpagkalipumpunàn -(lipumpòn)</span>.</p> -<p id="p479" class="par"><b>479.</b> Special static words with -<span lang="tl">makà-</span> are formed from numerals <a id= -"a298.32" name="a298.32"></a>in the sense of <i>so many times</i>: -<span lang="tl">makàánim</span> <i>six times</i>; -<span lang="tl">makálawà</span> <a id="a298.33" name= -"a298.33"></a><i>twice</i>; <span lang= -"tl">makálimà</span> <i>five times</i>; <span lang= -"tl">makásiyàm</span> <i>nine times</i>. So: <span lang= -"tl">makáilàn</span> <i>several times</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>From phrases, the higher -numbers: <span lang="tl">makása-m-pùʾ</span> <i>ten -times</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a298.36" name="a298.36"></a>With irregularities: -<span lang="tl">makáitlò, makáyitlò</span> -<i>three times</i>; <span lang="tl">makàápat, -makàípat</span> <i>four times</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a298.38" name="a298.38"></a>Reduplicated: -<span lang="tl">makàlìlíbo</span> <i>a thousand -times</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.4"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">4.</span> The prefix <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><span class="lineNum">40</span><b>480.</b> The -general sense of the prefix <span lang="tl">pa-</span> is to denote -<i>something caused or ordered to undergo such and such an action</i>. -With accent <span lang="tl">pà-</span> an increase of the action -is expressed. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb299" href="#pb299" name= -"pb299">299</a>]</span></p> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.4.1"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(1)</span> Simple static -forms.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p481" class="par first"><b>481.</b> The root with prefix -<span lang="tl">pa-</span> denotes <i>an object or person ordered, -caused, or allowed to undergo such and such an action</i>. The person -caused to undergo may be the same as the person ordering <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>or allowing.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a299.6" name="a299.6"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -paakyàt ni Hwána na púno naŋ kakàw ay -aŋ nása súlok naŋ bakúran.</span> <i>The -cocoa-tree Juana ordered climbed is the one in <a id="a299.8" name= -"a299.8"></a>the corner of the yard.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ panyo -ŋ itò ay paalaála sa ákin niy Áli -ŋ Maryà sa anàk nya ŋ dalága.</span> -<i>This handkerchief is a souvenir <span class="lineNum">10</span>to me -from Aunt Maria which she sent by her daughter.</i> <a id="a299.11" -name="a299.11"></a><span lang="tl">Inihandá naŋ ámi -ŋ kaséra aŋ atsára ŋ papáya -úpaŋ siya námi ŋ <a id="a299.12" name= -"a299.12"></a>magìŋ paáyap.</span> <i>Our landlady -served some pickled papaws for us <a id="a299.13" name="a299.13"></a>to -use as condiment.</i> <span lang="tl">Pabalìk ni Hwàn -aŋ lìbru ŋ itò.</span> <i>Juan sends <a id= -"a299.14" name="a299.14"></a>this book back.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Itò aŋ pahátiʾ sa ákin ni -Pédro.</span> <i>This is what <a id="a299.15" name= -"a299.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>Pedro ordered me to deal -out.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ maŋa tubò ŋ -itò ay papútol sa ákin ni Pédro.</span> -<i>Pedro ordered me to cut this sugar-cane.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -táo <a id="a299.17" name="a299.17"></a>ŋ itò aŋ -pasakày ni Hwàn sa karumáta ko.</span> <i>This is -the man whom <a id="a299.18" name="a299.18"></a>Juan asked me to take -into my carriage.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ binása ni -Hwà ŋ <a id="a299.19" name="a299.19"></a>kautusàn ay -patáwag naŋ kúra.</span> <i>The ordinance Juan read -was <a id="a299.20" name="a299.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>given out for proclamation by the priest.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ báhay na ytò y patayó -<a id="a299.21" name="a299.21"></a>ni Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan had -this house built.</i> <span lang="tl">Patípon ni Hwàn sa -ákin aŋ maŋa nyòg na itò.</span> <i>Juan -ordered me to gather up these cocoanuts.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pauwé ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ inà ay isa ŋ -maínam na siŋsìŋ.</span> <i>What Juan sent home -to his mother was a beautiful <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>ring.</i></p> -<p class="par">As conjunctive attribute the word with <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span> may express manner: <span lang="tl">aŋ daà -ŋ pabalìk sa Balíwag</span> <i>the road back to -Baliuag</i>. <a id="xd21e59457" name="xd21e59457"></a><a id="a299.29" -name="a299.29"></a><span lang="tl">Papások sya ŋ -lumàlákad sa gitná naŋ báhay.</span> -<i>He was <a id="a299.30" name="a299.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>going farther in toward the inside of the house.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pasakày sya ŋ lumuksò sa -kabáyo.</span> <i>He jumped on the horse as if mounting to -<a id="a299.32" name="a299.32"></a>ride.</i> <span lang="tl">Naŋ -mahúlug aŋ bátaʾ sa káhoy, ay -paupó sya ŋ lumagpàk sa lúpaʾ.</span> -<i>When the boy fell from the tree, he landed on the <a id="a299.34" -name="a299.34"></a>ground in a sitting position.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pauròŋ sya ŋ lumákad.</span> <i>He went -<span class="lineNum">35</span>backwards.</i></p> -<p class="par">With movements <span lang="tl">pa-</span>, reflexive, is -often weakened to a mere indication of direction: <span lang= -"tl">Paakyàt sa púnù naŋ káhoy aŋ -uŋgòʾ <a id="a299.38" name="a299.38"></a>naŋ sya -y abútan naŋ lóbo.</span> <i>The monkey was just -climbing the tree, when he was overtaken by the wolf.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pabalìk si Hwàn.</span> <i>Juan <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>is going back.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Patúŋo si Hwàn sa -báya-ŋ-Balíwag.</span> <i>Juan was headed for the -town of Baliuag.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly: <span lang="tl">álam, -biglàʾ, bulòŋ, gawàʾ, -háraŋ, kálat, lágiʾ, lalàʾ, -puntà, sigàw, tágoʾ, takbò, -taluŋkòʾ, tayòʾ, túloy</span>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb300" href="#pb300" name= -"pb300">300</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p481a" class="par">(a) From a derived word: <span lang= -"tl">paitaàs</span> (<span lang="tl">itaàs</span>, § -<a href="#p373">373</a>).</p> -<p class="par">(b) The peculiar meaning is weakened in some words: -<span lang="tl">aŋ <a id="a300.3" name= -"a300.3"></a>paága</span> <i>a kind of rice which matures -early</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ pakinábaŋ</span> -<i>profit</i>, <i>advantage</i>, <a id="a300.4" name= -"a300.4"></a><span lang="tl">aŋ palabàs</span> <i>a -theatrical performance</i>, <span lang="tl">aŋ -palígoʾ</span> <i>a bath</i>, <a id="a300.5" name= -"a300.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span><span lang="tl">aŋ -pamagàt</span> <i>an appellation</i>, <i>a nickname</i>. So -from: <span lang="tl">baŋòʾ, bása, bayò, -bigàt, daàn, dúsa, háyag, hintúlot, -lákad, lígid, lúgit, sákit, -talìm</span>.</p> -<p id="p481c" class="par"><a id="a300.8" name="a300.8"></a>(c) With -retraction of accent and contraction: <span lang="tl">páno -(anò)</span>.</p> -<p id="p481d" class="par"><a id="a300.9" name="a300.9"></a>(d) -Irregular: <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkáparoon kò sa -bèsbol ay paubáyaʾ <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>naŋ áki ŋ guròʾ.</span> -<i>My going to the baseball game was by permission of my teacher</i> -(<span lang="tl">báyaʾ</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>482.</b> <span lang="tl">pa- (1)</span> is made from -barytone roots when they express <a id="a300.13" name= -"a300.13"></a>manner, or, more especially, direction: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ baŋkàʾ ay hindí paayòn -<a id="a300.14" name="a300.14"></a>sa ílog.</span> <i>The boat -is not headed with the stream.</i> <span class="corr" id="xd21e59656" -title="Not in source"><span lang="tl">Pahagìs nya ŋ -iniyabòt sa ákin aŋ aklàt.</span> <i>He -handed me the book by tossing it.</i></span> <span lang= -"tl">Iníwan nya ŋ <a id="a300.15" name= -"a300.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>paharàŋ sa -daàn aŋ karitòn.</span> <i>He left the wagon -blocking the road.</i> <span lang="tl">Paharàŋ nya ŋ -inihágis sa ílog aŋ -púno-ŋ-ságiŋ.</span> <i>He threw the <a id= -"a300.17" name="a300.17"></a>banana tree crosswise into the river.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ paglakè naŋ lámat naŋ -<a id="a300.18" name="a300.18"></a>piŋgàn ay -pahatèʾ.</span> <i>The increase in the crack of the dish is -going <a id="a300.19" name="a300.19"></a>towards halving it.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ búŋa ŋ itò y -pahatèʾ kuŋ mapiráso pagkahinòg.</span> -<span class="lineNum">20</span><i>This fruit goes into halves when it -breaks on ripening.</i> Similarly: <span lang="tl">líhim, -pútol</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(a) The accent shift is due to the root and the value of -the <a id="a300.23" name="a300.23"></a>formation is as in § -<a href="#p481">481</a>, in: <span lang="tl">Aŋ paabòt mo -ŋ súlat ay tinaŋgàp ko.</span> <i>I have -received the letter you sent to me.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Hwàn -ay isa ŋ <a id="a300.25" name="a300.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>báta ŋ pabayàʾ.</span> -<i>Juan is a neglectful boy.</i></p> -<p id="p482b" class="par"><a id="a300.26" name="a300.26"></a>(b) The -accent shift is like that of a root word in: <span lang= -"tl">Paligú na aŋ maŋa bátaʾ.</span> -<i>The children are bathed now</i> (<span lang= -"tl">pa-lígoʾ</span>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>483.</b> <span lang="tl">pa- r</span>, as explicit -plural: see <span lang="tl">ábot</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><b>484.</b> <span lang="tl">pa- D.</span> The action is -repeated at short intervals; the <a id="a300.30" name= -"a300.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>reflexive value is -frequent. <span lang="tl">Sya y lumàlákad na -pahintò-hintòʾ.</span> <a id="a300.31" name= -"a300.31"></a><i>He goes on, stopping every little while.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pamalí-malìʾ aŋ kanya ŋ -<a id="a300.32" name="a300.32"></a>pagbílaŋ.</span> <i>His -count contains repeated errors.</i> <span lang="tl">Alam nyà -aŋ maŋa <a id="a300.33" name= -"a300.33"></a>pasíkot-síkot sa -báya-ŋ-Balíwag.</span> <i>He knows all the ins and -outs of the district of Baliuag.</i> So from: <span lang= -"tl">iyàk, lígid, mínsan, pasiyàl, -<span class="lineNum">35</span>túlog</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a300.36" name="a300.36"></a>(a) Accent shift is -due to the root: <span lang="tl">Patúlog-túlog at -pagisìŋ-gisìŋ siyà.</span> <i>He sleeps -and wakes by fits and starts.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Patawà-tawà <a id="a300.38" name="a300.38"></a>at -paiyàk-iyàk siyà.</span> <i>She giggles at one -moment and weeps the next.</i></p> -<p id="p485" class="par"><a id="a300.39" name="a300.39"></a><b>485.</b> -<span lang="tl">pa-pa-</span> has durative-iterative meaning: -<span lang="tl">Papaalìs sya <a id="a300.40" name= -"a300.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>naŋ akò y -dumatìŋ.</span> <i>He was just going away when I -arrived.</i> <span lang="tl">Papauròŋ sya ŋ -lumàlákad.</span> <i>He was going backwards.</i> So from -<span lang="tl">labàs</span>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb301" href="#pb301" name="pb301">301</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p485a" class="par"><a id="a301.1" name="a301.1"></a>(a) -<span lang="tl">papáno (anò)</span> seems equivalent to -<span lang="tl">páno</span> (§ <a href= -"#p481c">481,c</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><b>486.</b> As appears in the example of <span lang= -"tl">paligòʾ</span> above (§ <a href= -"#p482b">482,b</a>), the forms with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> are -apparently capable of all the modifications that are found in simple -roots: Thus:</p> -<p id="p486a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span>(a) with prefix -<span lang="tl">paŋ-</span> (§ <a href="#p347">347</a>): -<span lang="tl">Paŋpakáin sa bátaʾ aŋ -gátas na itò.</span> <i>This milk is for the -children’s food.</i> <span lang="tl">Paŋpakáin sa -panaúhin aŋ pinatay kò ŋ túpa.</span> -<i>The sheep I have slaughtered is for <a id="a301.8" name= -"a301.8"></a>serving to the guests.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Paŋpatukà sa manòk aŋ pálay na -itò.</span> <i>These rice-grains are to be given to the chickens -to pick</i> (<span lang="tl">tukàʾ</span> <i>the beak -<span class="lineNum">10</span>of a fowl</i>). So from: <span lang= -"tl">dikìt, lígoʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p486b" class="par"><a id="a301.11" name="a301.11"></a>(b) with -<span lang="tl">ka- R</span> (§ <a href="#p400">400</a>): -<span lang="tl">Kapàpapútol ko pa lámaŋ -naŋ maŋa káhoy na itò.</span> <i>I have just -had this firewood cut.</i></p> -<p id="p486c" class="par"><a id="a301.13" name="a301.13"></a>(c) with -<span lang="tl">ka-pag- R</span> (§ <a href="#p400a">400,a</a>): -<span lang="tl">Kapagpàpapútol ko lámaŋ -naŋ siìt kay Hwàn.</span> <i>I have just ordered -Juan to cut up the bamboo <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>spines.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.4.2"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(2)</span> Normal transients, -abstracts, and special static words.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p487" class="par first"><b>487.</b> The root with <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span> is sometimes used as a transient contingent punctual, -with the value of a reflexive passive; more commonly the form with -<span lang="tl">ma-pa-</span> (§ <a href="#p506">506</a>) fulfils -this function. There <span class="lineNum">20</span>are three -types:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a301.21" name="a301.21"></a>(a) Genuine reflexive -passive: <span lang="tl">Paábut ka sa maŋà -nagsìsihábul sa iyò.</span> <i>Let yourself be -overtaken by your pursuers.</i> <span lang="tl">Paakyat kà kay -Hwàn sa itaàs naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>Ask Juan -to take you up into <a id="a301.24" name="a301.24"></a>the tree.</i> -<span lang="tl">Twì ŋ papásuk akò sa -síne sa áki ŋ kúyaŋ, ay -nasìsiráan <span class="lineNum">25</span>aŋ -mákina.</span> <i>Every time I ask my oldest brother to take me -to the moving-picture show, something goes wrong with the machine.</i> -So: <span lang="tl">kasàl, ligàw</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(b) Reflexive of interest: <i>one who orders that -something undergo such and such an action for him</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Paakyàt ka kay Hwàn naŋ <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>isa ŋ -búŋa-ŋ-nyòg.</span> <i>Ask Juan to climb for a -cocoanut for you.</i></p> -<p id="p487c" class="par">(c) Reflexive of motion; the <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span> has faded value; thus are used the local equivalents of -the demonstrative pronouns and a few <a id="a301.33" name= -"a301.33"></a>other words. <span lang="tl">Paríni ka.</span> -<i>Come here.</i> <span lang="tl">Tuwì ŋ aku y -paroòn sa <a id="a301.34" name="a301.34"></a>kanya ŋ -báhay ay hindí ku sya inàabútan.</span> -<i>Every time I go to his <span class="lineNum">35</span>house, I fail -to find him in.</i></p> -<p id="p487d" class="par"><a id="a301.36" name="a301.36"></a>(d) If the -<span lang="tl">pa-</span> is accented, the action is more intense: -<span lang="tl">Pàága ka naŋ -pagparíto.</span> <i>Be very early in your coming here.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a301.38" name="a301.38"></a>(e) A contingent -durative is formed with <span lang="tl">pa- R.</span> (a) <span lang= -"tl">Paáakyat akò kay Hwàn sa itaàs -naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>I shall ask Juan to take me <a id= -"a301.40" name="a301.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>up into the -tree with him.</i> <span lang="tl">Papàpások akò -sa síne sa áki ŋ kúyaŋ.</span> <i>I -shall ask my brother to take me to the moving-picture show.</i> (b) -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb302" href="#pb302" name= -"pb302">302</a>]</span><a id="a302.1" name="a302.1"></a><span lang= -"tl">Paáakyat akò kay Hwàn naŋ isa ŋ -búŋa-ŋ-nyòg.</span> <i>I shall ask Juan <a id= -"a302.2" name="a302.2"></a>to climb for a cocoanut for me.</i> -<span lang="tl">Papùpútol akò naŋ -buhòk kay Hwàn.</span> <i>I shall ask Juan to cut my -hair.</i></p> -<p id="p488" class="par"><b>488.</b> For the reflexive of motion -(§ <a href="#p487c">487,c</a>) a set of transients <span class= -"lineNum">5</span>and an abstract are formed with <span lang= -"tl">-um-</span> and <span lang="tl">pag-</span>. These also are -equivalent to the forms with <span lang="tl">ma-pa-</span> (§ -<a href="#p506">506</a>).</p> -<p id="p488a" class="par">(a) Regularly from the four roots serving as -locals of the <a id="a302.8" name="a302.8"></a>demonstrative pronouns. -<span lang="tl">Pumaríni ka!</span> <i>Come here!</i> -<span lang="tl">Pumaríne ka sa áki ŋ -tabì.</span> <i>Come close here to my side.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><span lang= -"tl">Madálaŋ aŋ pagparíto naŋ maŋa -bálaŋ.</span> <i>Locusts come here <a id="a302.11" name= -"a302.11"></a>but rarely.</i> <span lang="tl">Pího ako ŋ -pàparíto sa alasìŋko.</span> <i>I will surely -come here at five o’clock.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a302.13" name="a302.13"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pápariyàn sána kamì, dátapuwat -nagkaroòn kamì naŋ malakì <a id="a302.14" -name="a302.14"></a>ŋ kaabalahàn, kanyà hindí -kami nátuloy.</span> <i>We were coming to you, <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>but we had so much trouble that we did not carry out -our intention.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a302.16" name="a302.16"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pagparoòn ko ay sàsabíhin ko sa kanyà -aŋ ibinalítà mo.</span> <i>When I get there I shall -tell him what you have told me.</i> <span lang="tl">Kità ŋ -<a id="a302.18" name="a302.18"></a>dalawà ay páparon sa -teyátro.</span> <i>We two are going to the theatre.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a302.19" name="a302.19"></a>(b) Occasionally from -<span lang="tl">loòb</span>: <span lang= -"tl">pumaloòb</span>.</p> -<p id="p488c" class="par"><a id="a302.20" name= -"a302.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>(c) Also the abstracts -<span lang="tl">pagpalígoʾ, pagpanáog</span>; these -form the <a id="a302.21" name="a302.21"></a>transient with <span lang= -"tl">ma-</span> from the root (§ <a href="#p441">441</a>); and -<span lang="tl">pagpatúŋo</span>, which forms its transient -with <span lang="tl">-um-</span> from the root.</p> -<p id="p488d" class="par"><a id="a302.23" name="a302.23"></a>(d) -Plurals: <span lang="tl">magsipalígoʾ, -nagsìsipanáog</span>.</p> -<p id="p489" class="par"><b>489.</b> <span lang="tl">mag-pa-, -pag-pa-pa-</span>. Active with <span lang="tl">mag-</span> from the -root <span class="lineNum">25</span>with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> -denotes <i>one who causes, orders, or allows such and such an action to -be performed on something else or (reflexively) on himself</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a302.28" name="a302.28"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nagpaáyap aŋ ámi ŋ kaséra.</span> -<i>Our landlady served a relish.</i> <a id="a302.29" name= -"a302.29"></a><span lang="tl">Si Hwàn ay nagpabáyaʾ -sa kanya ŋ tuŋkúlin.</span> <i>Juan grew lax -<span class="lineNum">30</span>about his duties.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagpabyày si Hwàn naŋ isdàʾ sa -kanya ŋ palàisdáan.</span> <i>Juan had some fish put -into his fishpond.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ médiko <a id= -"a302.32" name="a302.32"></a>aŋ nagpaginháwa sa máy -sakìt.</span> <i>The doctor made the patient feel <a id= -"a302.33" name="a302.33"></a>comfortable.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagpagupìt akò sa barbéro.</span> <i>I had -the barber cut <a id="a302.34" name="a302.34"></a>my hair.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapagupìt ko sa barbéro ŋ -si Hwàn ay hindí ko <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>lubhà ŋ gustò.</span> <i>I -don’t like very much to have my hair cut by <a id="a302.36" name= -"a302.36"></a>barber Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Paráti aŋ -maŋa pagpapaháraŋ ni Andrès sa maŋa -táo ŋ naglálakàd.</span> <i>Andrés -often orders travellers to be held up.</i> <a id="a302.38" name= -"a302.38"></a><span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay nagpaháte sa -ákin naŋ pálay.</span> <i>Pedro had rice dealt out -to me.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kàtiwála y syà -ŋ nagpahátì naŋ pálay sa maŋa -<span class="lineNum">40</span>kasamà.</span> <i>It was the -agent who ordered rice distributed to the <a id="a302.41" name= -"a302.41"></a>field-workers.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagpapaháte naŋ kàtiwála sa maŋa -lariyò sa maŋa magkakápit-báhay ay -hindí iniyútos naŋ paŋinoòn nya ŋ -si Hwàn.</span> <i>The agent’s having bricks distributed -among the neighbors <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb303" href="#pb303" -name="pb303">303</a>]</span>was not in accordance with the orders of -his master Juan.</i> <a id="a303.2" name="a303.2"></a><span lang= -"tl">Sya y nagpahíkaw sa kanya ŋ alílaʾ.</span> -<i>She had her maid put her <a id="a303.3" name="a303.3"></a>earrings -on her.</i> (<span lang="tl">híkaw</span> <i>an earring</i>). -<span lang="tl">Si Pédro ay -nagpápahiŋà.</span> <i>Pedro is taking a rest</i> -(literally: <i>allowing himself to breathe</i>). <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ <a id="a303.5" name="a303.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>inà y nagpahubàd</span> (or: -<span lang="tl">nagpahubàd naŋ damìt</span>) -<span lang="tl">sa kanya ŋ anàk.</span> <a id="a303.6" -name="a303.6"></a><i>The mother ordered her daughter to undress -her.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nagpakáin naŋ gúlay -sa maŋa panaúhin.</span> <i>She served vegetables to the -<a id="a303.8" name="a303.8"></a>guests.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagpàpakaséra.</span> <i>She keeps a boarding-house.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya <a id="a303.9" name="a303.9"></a>y -nagpàpalabàs naŋ lamòk.</span> <i>He is -driving out the gnats.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagpápalabàs -<a id="a303.10" name="a303.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>naŋ teyátro aŋ -sàmáha-ŋ-ópera.</span> <i>The opera company -is <a id="a303.11" name="a303.11"></a>producing a play.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagpalígo si Hwàn naŋ kabáyo.</span> -<i>Juan bathed <a id="a303.12" name="a303.12"></a>some of the -horses.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ pagpapalígoʾ</span> -<i>the bathing something or someone</i>. <a id="a303.13" name= -"a303.13"></a><span lang="tl">Nagpapútol si Hwàn naŋ -labòŋ.</span> <i>Juan had some bamboo <a id="a303.14" name= -"a303.14"></a>shoots cut.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagpàpapútol kamì naŋ -káhoy.</span> <i>We are having some <a id="a303.15" name= -"a303.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>wood cut.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagpapapútol nya sa Intsèk naŋ -buhòk ay hindí <a id="a303.16" name= -"a303.16"></a>sinunòd nitò.</span> <i>When he ordered the -Chinaman to cut his queue, <a id="a303.17" name="a303.17"></a>the -latter did not obey.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapasakày sa -trèn ni Hwàn naŋ <a id="a303.18" name= -"a303.18"></a>maŋa kamátis ay hindí nautàs -bágo lumákad aŋ trèn.</span> <i>Juan had not -finished having his tomatoes loaded on the train, when the train <a id= -"a303.20" name="a303.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>started.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Hwána ay -nagpasákit naŋ marámi ŋ maŋlilígaw -sa kanyà.</span> <i>Juana caused grief to many who wooed -her.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Hwána <a id="a303.22" name= -"a303.22"></a>ay nagpasuklày sa kanya ŋ -alílaʾ.</span> <i>Juana ordered her maid to <a id="a303.23" -name="a303.23"></a>comb her hair for her.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagpapasundú nya sa ákin sa alílaʾ ay <a id= -"a303.24" name="a303.24"></a>ikinagálit ko.</span> <i>His -ordering me to fetch the servant made me <a id="a303.25" name= -"a303.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>angry.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Sya y nagpàpatalìm naŋ isa ŋ -gúlok.</span> <i>He is sharpening a <a id="a303.26" name= -"a303.26"></a>bolo.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagpatáwag akò -naŋ isà ŋ kasamà.</span> <i>I had a workman -<a id="a303.27" name="a303.27"></a>called.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagpapatáwag ko sa maŋa alíla ay hindí -sinunòd naŋ báta ŋ si Hwàn.</span> -<i>Little Juan did not obey my order to him to call some servants.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapatáwag naŋ kúra sa -léyi ay hindi nátuluy, <a id="a303.30" name= -"a303.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>sapagkàt -binatò naŋ maŋa táo aŋ -magtatawàg.</span> <i>The priest’s order that the law be -proclaimed was not carried out, for the crier <a id="a303.32" name= -"a303.32"></a>was stoned by the people.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagpatayó sya naŋ isa ŋ kúbo.</span> <i>He -had <a id="a303.33" name="a303.33"></a>a hut built.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagpapatayó ni Hwàn naŋ isa ŋ -kúbo ay hindí <a id="a303.34" name= -"a303.34"></a>natápus bágo sya nàtáwag sa -pagsusundálo.</span> <i>The hut Juan was <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>having built was not finished before he was called -to military service.</i> <a id="a303.36" name="a303.36"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nagpatipìd sya sa maŋa kasamà naŋ kanila -ŋ pagkáin.</span> <i>He <a id="a303.37" name= -"a303.37"></a>had his workers be sparing with their food.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagpatípon si Hwàn naŋ káhoy -sa kanya ŋ maŋa kasamà.</span> <i>Juan ordered his -workmen <a id="a303.39" name="a303.39"></a>to gather wood.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapatípon ni Hwàn sa maŋa -kalabàw ay <span class="lineNum">40</span>hindí -sinunòd naŋ kanya ŋ -kàtiwálaʾ.</span> <i>Juan’s order that the -<span class="corr" id="xd21e60681" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> be gathered together was not obeyed by -his overseer.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y <a id="a303.42" name= -"a303.42"></a>nagpatotoò sa úsap ni Maryà at ni -Hwána.</span> <i>She gave testimony in the lawsuit between Maria -and Juana.</i> <span lang="tl">Si Hwána ay naparoòn -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb304" href="#pb304" name= -"pb304">304</a>]</span><a id="a304.1" name="a304.1"></a>sa ákin -at siyà ŋ nagpatotoò na ikàw ay dumalò -sa isa ŋ sabuŋàn.</span> <i>Juana came to me and -assured me that you had attended a cock-fight.</i> <a id="a304.3" name= -"a304.3"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapatotoò nyà ay -hindí tinaŋgàp naŋ hukòm.</span> <i>The -<a id="a304.4" name="a304.4"></a>judge did not accept his -testimony.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y nagpaupòʾ naŋ -ilà ŋ <a id="a304.5" name="a304.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>eskwéla.</span> <i>He had a few of the pupils -sit down.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapaupò naŋ -maèstro sa maŋa eskwéla ay hindí nila -sinunòd agàd.</span> <i>The teacher’s order to the -pupils to sit down was not promptly obeyed.</i> <a id="a304.8" name= -"a304.8"></a><span lang="tl">Magpaútaŋ ka naŋ -kwaltà sa maŋa mahihírap.</span> <i>Lend money to -the <a id="a304.9" name="a304.9"></a>poor.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagpauwí ba si Hwàn naŋ sìlya sa kanya -ŋ inà?—Hindìʾ. <a id="a304.10" name= -"a304.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>Aŋ kanya -ipinauwèʾ ay isa ŋ siŋsìŋ.</span> -<i>Did Juan send a chair home to his mother?</i>—<i>No, he sent -home a ring.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly: <span lang="tl">ábot, alaála, -balìk, baòn, dalà, dulàs, -dúnoŋ, dúsa, galìŋ, gálit, -gandà, gawàʾ, háyag, hírap, -húli, ísip, iyàk, kilála, -kinábaŋ, kintàb, kíta, kulòʾ, -kumpisàl, lagày, lákad, laròʾ, -láyas, <span class="lineNum">15</span>láyaw, -limòs, lípas, lútoʾ, magàt, -mísa, pások, siglà, siŋkàw, -sísid, tahòl, tugtòg, túlog, túlos, -ulàn</span>.</p> -<p id="p489a" class="par"><a id="a304.17" name="a304.17"></a>(a) Plural -with <span lang="tl">magsi-</span> (§ <a href="#p386">386</a>); -<span lang="tl">nagsìsipagpalimòs</span>.</p> -<p id="p489b" class="par"><a id="a304.18" name="a304.18"></a>(b) From a -derived word: <span lang="tl">Huwag kayò ŋ -magpaumága sa inyo ŋ pagsasàlitáan.</span> -<i>Don’t let yourselves be overtaken by the <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>morning in your conversation</i> (<span lang= -"tl">umága</span>, § <a href="#p358">358</a>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a304.21" name="a304.21"></a>(c) Root with accent -shift: <span lang="tl">Sya y nagpaabòt naŋ súlat sa -ákin.</span> <i>He had a letter handed to me.</i></p> -<p id="p489d" class="par">(d) The <span lang="tl">pa-</span> is -accented, expressing extreme degree of action; <a id="a304.24" name= -"a304.24"></a>from shifted root: <span lang="tl">Nagpáuna si -Hwàn sa lakaràn.</span> <i>Juan managed <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>to get himself into the very first place in the -walking-party.</i> <a id="a304.26" name="a304.26"></a>So from: -<span lang="tl">íwan</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a304.27" name="a304.27"></a>(e) Doubled root, -shifted: <span lang="tl">Nagpáuna-unà si Hwàn sa -lakaràn naŋ maŋa magkakasáma.</span> <i>Juan -got himself too far ahead in the boys’ walking-party.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>(f) Special static word -(of the kind in § <a href="#p358d">358,d</a>): <span lang= -"tl">aŋ magpapatawàg</span> <i>a town-crier</i>.</p> -<p id="p490" class="par"><b>490.</b> <span lang="tl">pa- (1) -in, -p-in-a</span>. The direct passive from words with <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span> denotes <i>the person ordered to do so and so</i>, -<i>the thing caused to be so and so</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a304.35" name="a304.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span><span lang="tl">Padaláŋin mo aŋ iyo -ŋ pagparíto.</span> <i>Make your coming here -infrequent.</i> <span lang="tl">Pagka pinapútol ka nyà -naŋ káhoy ay sumunòd ka ŋ <a id="a304.37" name= -"a304.37"></a>agàd.</span> <i>When he orders you to cut wood, do -you obey at once.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinapùpútol -námin naŋ tubò si Pédro.</span> <i>We are -having Pedro cut some <a id="a304.39" name= -"a304.39"></a>sugar-cane.</i> <span lang="tl">Paputúlin mo si -Hwàn naŋ kúgon.</span> <i>Have Juan cut <a id= -"a304.40" name="a304.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>the -cugon-weeds.</i> <span lang="tl">Papùputúlin námin -kayò naŋ yantòk.</span> <i>We shall <a id="a304.41" -name="a304.41"></a>ask you to cut some rattan.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinatahòl ni Hwàn aŋ kanya ŋ -áso.</span> <a id="a304.42" name="a304.42"></a><i>Juan made his -dog bark.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinatalìm nya itò.</span> -<i>He made this sharp.</i> <a id="a304.43" name= -"a304.43"></a><span lang="tl">Pinatayó ni Hwàn sa kanya -ŋ pálad aŋ kapatìd nya ŋ maliìt na -si <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb305" href="#pb305" name= -"pb305">305</a>]</span>Maryáno.</span> <i>Juan stood his little -brother Mariano up on his open <a id="a305.2" name= -"a305.2"></a>hand.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí ako -pinatúlog naŋ pagtahòl naŋ áso.</span> -<i>The barking <a id="a305.3" name="a305.3"></a>of the dog kept me from -sleeping.</i> <span lang="tl">Patulúgin mo aŋ -bátaʾ.</span> <i>Put <a id="a305.4" name="a305.4"></a>the -child to sleep.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinaupú nya aŋ -maŋa eskwéla.</span> <i>He had the <a id="a305.5" name= -"a305.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>pupils sit down.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pinaupú ko aŋ áki ŋ -bisíta.</span> <i>I asked my visitors to be seated.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly: <span lang="tl">alìs, balìk, -bilì, bútas, díto, hintòʾ, -inòm, káin, kápit, lákad, láyas, -lípad, pások, tahàn, takbò, táwad, -túlin, túloy, untìʾ, yáman</span>.</p> -<p id="p490a" class="par"><a id="a305.10" name= -"a305.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>(a) With accented -<span lang="tl">pà-</span>: <span lang="tl">Pàbusugin -mò aŋ maŋa háyop.</span> <i>Feed <a id= -"a305.11" name="a305.11"></a>the animals till they have had enough.</i> -<span lang="tl">Pàhampasìn mo siyà.</span> <i>Whip -<a id="a305.12" name="a305.12"></a>him harder.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag -mò ŋ pàputiìn aŋ pintà naŋ -báhay.</span> <i>Don’t paint the house too white.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a305.14" name="a305.14"></a>(b) <span lang= -"tl">pà-</span> with accent shift: <span lang= -"tl">Pàdalaŋin mò aŋ iyo ŋ -pagparíto.</span> <span class="lineNum">15</span><i>Come here -very rarely.</i></p> -<p id="p491" class="par"><b>491.</b> <span lang="tl">pa-pag- (1) -in, -p-in-a-pag-</span>. The direct passive has <span lang="tl">pag-</span> -before the root when it corresponds to simple actives with -characteristic <span lang="tl">mag-</span> (§ <a href= -"#p351">351</a>). <span lang="tl">Màpàpahámak -lámaŋ aŋ báta ŋ ito, <a id="a305.19" name= -"a305.19"></a>kapag hindí nátin pinapagáral -naŋ sapàt.</span> <i>This boy will turn out <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>a mere good-for-nothing, if we do not make him study -enough.</i> <a id="a305.21" name="a305.21"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pinapaghubàd naŋ inà aŋ kanya ŋ -maŋa anàk.</span> <i>The mother ordered <a id="a305.22" -name="a305.22"></a>her children to undress.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinapagpútol námin naŋ ságiŋ sina -<a id="a305.23" name="a305.23"></a>Hwàn.</span> <i>We asked Juan -and his people to cut bananas.</i> <span lang="tl">Papagputúlin -<a id="a305.24" name="a305.24"></a>mo si Hwàn naŋ -buhòk.</span> <i>Tell Juan to get a hair-cut.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Papagpùputúlin <span class="lineNum">25</span>nila -kamì naŋ kanila ŋ maŋa kawáyan.</span> -<i>They will order <a id="a305.26" name="a305.26"></a>us to cut all -their bamboo.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinapagsuklày ni Hwána -aŋ kanya ŋ alílaʾ.</span> <i>Juana told her maid -to comb her (the maid’s) hair.</i></p> -<p class="par">Similarly, from: <span lang="tl">bíhis, -hintòʾ, trabáho</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a305.29" name="a305.29"></a>(a) From a derived -word: <span lang="tl">Sya y pinapagkalatimbàʾ.</span> <i>He -was <span class="lineNum">30</span>forced to do the well-bucket -exercise</i> (<span lang="tl">kalatimbàʾ</span>, § -<a href="#p519">519</a>).</p> -<p id="p491b" class="par">(b) With extra accent shift: <span lang= -"tl">papagtùtuluyìn (túloy)</span>.</p> -<p id="p492" class="par"><b>492.</b> With <span lang= -"tl">paŋ-</span>: <span lang="tl">Paráti ŋ -pinapaŋhàháraŋ ni Andrès aŋ <a id= -"a305.33" name="a305.33"></a>kanya ŋ maŋa -kampòn.</span> <i>Andrés often orders his companions to -<a id="a305.34" name="a305.34"></a>commit highway robberies.</i> -<span lang="tl">Papaŋhiramìn mo si Pédro naŋ -lúbid.</span> <a id="a305.35" name="a305.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span><i>Have Pedro go and borrow some rope.</i> -<span lang="tl">Papamutúlin mo naŋ damò <a id= -"a305.36" name="a305.36"></a>si Pédro.</span> <i>Have Pedro cut -grass.</i> <span lang="tl">Papamùmutúlin silà ni -Hwàn naŋ damò.</span> <i>Juan will order them to cut -grass.</i></p> -<p id="p493" class="par"><b>493.</b> <span lang="tl">pa-pag-pa- (1) --in, p-in-a-pag-pa-</span>. With both <span lang="tl">pag-</span> and -<span lang="tl">pa-</span> preceding the root the direct passive with -<span lang="tl">pa-</span> denotes <i>someone <a id="a305.40" name= -"a305.40"></a><span class="lineNum">40</span>caused to cause -something</i>: <span lang="tl">Pinapagpatotoò naŋ -tagapagtaŋgòl ni Andrès aŋ táo ŋ si -Mariyáno na syà ŋ nakàkíta sa -naŋyáre.</span> <i>Andrés’ lawyer called as a -witness the man Mariano, who had seen the occurrence</i> (cf. -<span lang="tl">magpatotoò</span>, § <a href= -"#p489">489</a>). <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb306" href="#pb306" -name="pb306">306</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p494" class="par"><b>494.</b> <span lang="tl">i-pa-, -i-p-in-a-</span>. The instrumental passive with <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span> denotes <i>the object ordered, caused, or allowed to -undergo such and such an action</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a306.4" name="a306.4"></a><span lang= -"tl">Ipinaálam ko sa kanyà aŋ maŋa -bátaʾ.</span> <i>I made known to him <a id="a306.5" name= -"a306.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>the departure of the -children with me.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipinaalìs nila aŋ -háraŋ naŋ daàn.</span> <i>They ordered the -obstruction of the road to be removed.</i> <a id="a306.7" name= -"a306.7"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ ipinadala mò ŋ -súlat ay tinaŋgàp ku nà.</span> <i>I have -received the <a id="a306.8" name="a306.8"></a>letter you sent me.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ sapátos na may lapàd na -suwélas na yitò <a id="a306.9" name="a306.9"></a>ay -syà ŋ ipinagàgámit na -paŋtayòʾ sa bátaʾ.</span> <i>This -flat-soled shoe <span class="lineNum">10</span>is given children to be -used in learning to stand up.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ mayáma -<a id="a306.11" name="a306.11"></a>ŋ taga iba ŋ báyan -na pàparíto ay ipinaháraŋ naŋ -púno naŋ tulisàn.</span> <i>The rich stranger who -was going to come here was held up <a id="a306.13" name= -"a306.13"></a>by order of the chief of the bandits.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinahátì sa ákin ni Pédro aŋ -mansánas.</span> <i>Pedro ordered me to divide the apples.</i> -<span lang="tl">Itò y ipinaháte <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>ni Pédro parà sa ákin.</span> -<i>This was ordered by Pedro to be dealt out <a id="a306.16" name= -"a306.16"></a>to me as my share.</i> <span lang="tl">Isinakày sa -trèn aŋ ipinahatìd mo ŋ maŋa -dalaŋhítaʾ.</span> <i>The tangerines you shipped were -put on board the train.</i> <a id="a306.18" name= -"a306.18"></a><span lang="tl">Ipinaísip nya sa maŋa -eskwéla aŋ fétsa naŋ pagaáway naŋ -maŋa <a id="a306.19" name="a306.19"></a>Rúso at -Hapunès sa Port-Àrtur.</span> <i>He asked his pupils to -think of <span class="lineNum">20</span>the date of the fighting -between the Russians and the Japanese at <a id="a306.21" name= -"a306.21"></a>Port Arthur.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipakíta mo -aŋ dílaʾ sa maŋgagamòt.</span> <i>Show the -doctor <a id="a306.22" name="a306.22"></a>your tongue.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinapùpútol ni Hwàn aŋ maŋa -káhoy sa kanya <a id="a306.23" name="a306.23"></a>ŋ -bakúran.</span> <i>Juan is having the trees in his yard cut -down.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipapùpútol <a id="a306.24" -name="a306.24"></a>ko aŋ maŋgàs naŋ áki -ŋ bároʾ.</span> <i>I am going to have the sleeves -<a id="a306.25" name="a306.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>of my -blouse cut off.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipapútol mo, Hwàn, -aŋ iyo ŋ kukò.</span> <i>Have <a id="a306.26" name= -"a306.26"></a>your fingernails cut, Juan.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -ipinasakày ni Tátay na maŋa súhaʾ <a id= -"a306.27" name="a306.27"></a>sa trèn ay naŋabúlok sa -daàn.</span> <i>The <span class="corr" id="xd21e61425" title= -"Source: grapefruit">grape-fruit</span> Father sent by train <a id= -"a306.28" name="a306.28"></a>got spoiled on the way.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinasundú ko kay Hwàn aŋ médiko.</span> -<i>I told Juan to fetch the doctor.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinatáwag ko sa alílaʾ si Hwàn.</span> -<i>I had <a id="a306.30" name="a306.30"></a><span class= -"lineNum">30</span>Juan called by a servant.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinatayó ni Hwàn aŋ báhay na -itò.</span> <a id="a306.31" name="a306.31"></a><i>Juan had this -house built.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipinatipìd nya sa -bátà aŋ pagkáin naŋ <a id="a306.32" -name="a306.32"></a>lansónes.</span> <i>He made the child eat -sparingly of the lansones.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipinatípon ni -Hwàn sa kanya ŋ kàtiwálaʾ aŋ -maŋa kalabàw.</span> <i>Juan had his agent gather the -<span class="corr" id="xd21e61475" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span>.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipinatúluy -nya aŋ pagkantà, káhit <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>na maíŋay aŋ maŋà -nakíkinìg.</span> <i>He went on with his singing although -the audience was noisy.</i></p> -<p class="par">So: <span lang="tl">áhon, balìk, -baòn, bilaŋgòʾ, bítay, dápit, -dúsa, gamòt, gawàʾ, gupìt, -hábol, háyag, hintòʾ, hintúlot, -kasàl, kilála, lákad, libàŋ, -mána, patày, sákit, tápon, -uwìʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">40</span>(a) Different in meaning -is the corresponding form from <span lang="tl">díto</span>; it -is the primary instrumental passive corresponding to <span lang= -"tl">pumaríto</span>, <a id="a306.42" name="a306.42"></a>etc. -(§ <a href="#p488">488</a>): <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagsákop niyà naŋ táu ŋ -makasalánan ay sya <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb307" href= -"#pb307" name="pb307">307</a>]</span><a id="a307.1" name= -"a307.1"></a>nyà ŋ ipinaríto.</span> <i>His saving -of sinful man is what he came here for.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a307.3" name="a307.3"></a>(b) Accent shift is due -to the root: <span lang="tl">Ipaalàm ka sa kanyà aŋ -<a id="a307.4" name="a307.4"></a>áki ŋ -patùtuŋúhan.</span> <i>Let him know where I am -going.</i> <span lang="tl">Ipinaalam <a id="a307.5" name= -"a307.5"></a><span class="lineNum">5</span>nyà sa ákin -aŋ kanya ŋ nilóloòb.</span> <i>He made his -intentions known <a id="a307.6" name="a307.6"></a>to me.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ipinatulòy ni Pédro aŋ -pagpapatayò naŋ báhay.</span> <i>Pedro had them go -on with the construction of the house.</i> Similarly: <span lang= -"tl">ábot</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(c) With <span lang="tl">pag-</span> (cf. § -<a href="#p491">491</a>): <span lang="tl">ipapagáral</span>.</p> -<p id="p494d" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span>(d) With -<span lang="tl">pa-</span> prefixed to the root, the instrumental -passive with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> denotes <i>that ordered to be -caused</i>. The only example has <a id="a307.12" name= -"a307.12"></a>radical accent shift: <span lang="tl">Ipinapatulòy -ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ kàtiwálaʾ <a id= -"a307.13" name="a307.13"></a>aŋ pagtatanìm naŋ -maŋa kasamà.</span> <i>Juan had his agent order the -field-workers to go on with the planting.</i></p> -<p id="p495" class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span><b>495.</b> -<span lang="tl">i-pag-pa-, i-p-in-ag-pa-</span>. When the relation of -the object ordered to undergo an action is explicitly that of a thing -given forth (§ <a href="#p368">368</a>), a kind of double -instrumental passive is made by prefixing <span lang="tl">pag-</span> -to the <span lang="tl">pa-</span> (cf. the explicit use of <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span> in primary <a id="a307.19" name= -"a307.19"></a>passives, §§ <a href="#p369">369</a>. 375): -<span lang="tl">Ipinagpaháteʾ sa ákin ni -Pédro aŋ pálay.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">20</span><i>The rice was ordered by Pedro to be dealt out to -me.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kwàlta ŋ <a id="a307.21" -name="a307.21"></a>nàpaŋaginàldohan ni Hwàn -ay sya nyà ŋ ipinagpasakày sa tiyobíbo sa -kanya ŋ kapatìd na maliìt.</span> <i>Juan used his -Christmas money to treat his little brother to a ride on the -merry-go-round.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kautusàn <a id= -"a307.24" name="a307.24"></a>ay ipinagpàpatáwag naŋ -kúra.</span> <i>The law is being called out <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>by order of the priest.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a307.26" name="a307.26"></a>(a) With additional -<span lang="tl">pa-</span> (as in § <a href="#p494d">494,d</a>): -<span lang="tl">ipinagpapadalà</span>.</p> -<p id="p496" class="par"><b>496.</b> <span lang="tl">i-paki-pa-, -i-p-in-aki-pa-</span>. Before a word with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> -the instrumental passive with <span lang="tl">paki-</span> denotes -<i>the thing asked (as a favor) to <a id="a307.29" name= -"a307.29"></a>be caused to undergo such and such an action</i>. -<span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ ipakipapútol <span class= -"lineNum">30</span>aŋ púno-ŋ-káhoy, -dátapuwat pakiputúlin mo na mìsmo.</span> -<i>Don’t ask someone else to cut down the tree for me, but cut it -down <a id="a307.32" name="a307.32"></a>for me yourself.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ipakìkipapútol ni Hwàn sa -inyò aŋ maŋa tinibàn sa kanya ŋ -bakúran.</span> <i>Juan will ask you to have the banana-stumps -<a id="a307.34" name="a307.34"></a>in his yard cut down.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ipinakipapútol nya kay Hwàn aŋ -maŋa <span class="lineNum">35</span>damò sa -bakúran.</span> <i>He asked Juan to have the grass cut in his -yard.</i></p> -<p class="par">(a) <i>The thing asked (as a favor) to be caused to do -so and <a id="a307.37" name="a307.37"></a>so</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Ipinakipakáin lámaŋ niya aŋ kanya ŋ -anàk hábaŋ sya y walàʾ.</span> <a id= -"a307.38" name="a307.38"></a><i>She asked someone else to feed her -child while she was away.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Ipinakìkipasúso lámaŋ nya kay -Maryà aŋ kanya ŋ anàk, sapagkàt -walá <span class="lineNum">40</span>sya ŋ -gátas.</span> <i>She is asking Maria to nurse her child for her, -because she has no milk.</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb308" href= -"#pb308" name="pb308">308</a>]</span></p> -<p id="p497" class="par"><b>497.</b> <span lang="tl">pa- (1) -an, -p-in-a- (1) -an</span>. The local passive with <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span> denotes <i>that caused to undergo an action as local -object</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a308.3" name="a308.3"></a><span lang= -"tl">Paaláman mo sa kanyà kuŋ saàn ka -páparon.</span> <i>Let him know <a id="a308.4" name= -"a308.4"></a>where you are going.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinaasuhàn -ni Pédro aŋ maŋa -púno-ŋ-maŋgà.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">5</span><i>Pedro smoked</i> (i.e. warmed, so as to speed -flowering) <i>the mango <a id="a308.6" name="a308.6"></a>trees</i>. -<span lang="tl">Pinabayáan ni Hwàn aŋ kanya ŋ -maŋa tuŋkúlin.</span> <i>Juan neglected <a id="a308.7" -name="a308.7"></a>his duties.</i> <span lang="tl">Pabayáan mo -syà.</span> <i>Leave him alone.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagpatày <a id="a308.8" name="a308.8"></a>sa maŋa -magnanákaw ay hindí pinarùrusáhan naŋ -hukòm.</span> <a id="a308.9" name="a308.9"></a><i>The judge does -not punish one for killing robbers.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinahatían akò <span class="lineNum">10</span>ni -Pédro naŋ pálay sa -kàtiwálaʾ.</span> <i>Pedro had the agent give me my -<a id="a308.11" name="a308.11"></a>share of rice.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinahubaràn naŋ inà aŋ maŋa -bátaʾ.</span> <i>The mother <a id="a308.12" name= -"a308.12"></a>had her children undressed.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pakiŋgàn nawá ninyò aŋ áki -ŋ pagtáwag.</span> <a id="a308.13" name= -"a308.13"></a><i>Pray give hearing to my call.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinalìligúan naŋ pagòŋ aŋ -<a id="a308.14" name="a308.14"></a>ílog.</span> <i>The turtle -bathed in the river.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinalìligúan -naŋ babáye aŋ <a id="a308.15" name= -"a308.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>bátaʾ.</span> -<i>The woman was bathing the child.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag mò -ŋ pamaláyan <a id="a308.16" name="a308.16"></a>sa -marámi na ikàw ay marámi ŋ kayamánan -sa báhay, úpaŋ hwag kà ŋ -nakáwan.</span> <i>Don’t let people know that you have -many valuables <a id="a308.18" name="a308.18"></a>in your house, lest -you be robbed.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinanaúgan nya aŋ -báhay.</span> <a id="a308.19" name="a308.19"></a><i>He went down -from the house.</i> <span lang="tl">Pinaputúlan ni Hwàn -naŋ taíŋa <a id="a308.20" name= -"a308.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>aŋ kanya ŋ -maŋa biìk, úpaŋ hwag máaŋkin -naŋ iba ŋ táo.</span> <i>Juan had the ears of his -little pigs cut, so that they might not be inadvertently <a id= -"a308.22" name="a308.22"></a>taken by anyone else.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinapùputúlan ni Hwàn naŋ buntòt -aŋ lahàt naŋ kanya ŋ maŋa -manòk.</span> <i>Juan has all his chickens’ <a id= -"a308.24" name="a308.24"></a>tails clipped</i> (for identification). -<span lang="tl">Paputúlan mo naŋ kauntiʾ aŋ -<a id="a308.25" name="a308.25"></a><span class= -"lineNum">25</span>mahábà mo ŋ buhòk.</span> -<i>Have your long hair cut a little.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Papùputúlan <a id="a308.26" name="a308.26"></a>ko -naŋ buntòt aŋ maŋa manòk na bágo -ŋ bilè.</span> <i>I shall have the tails clipped of the -chickens I have just bought.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ baŋka -ŋ itò <a id="a308.28" name="a308.28"></a>ay -pinasakyàn ko kay Hwàn.</span> <i>I allowed Juan to ride -in this canoe.</i> <a id="a308.29" name="a308.29"></a><span lang= -"tl">Pinatunáyan sa ákin ni Hwàn na ikàw ay -nagsúsugàl.</span> <i>Juan proved <a id="a308.30" name= -"a308.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>to me that you are -gambling.</i> <span lang="tl">Ano ŋ bandà aŋ -kanilà ŋ pinatùtuŋúhan?</span> <i>What -direction are they headed for?</i></p> -<p class="par">So also: <span lang="tl">bendisiyòn, dalà, -hintúlot, hírap, doòn, kinábaŋ, -magàt, mána, panhìk, sákit, tábon, -tigàs, walàʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a308.34" name="a308.34"></a>(a) Accent shift, due -to the root: <span lang="tl">pabayaàn</span>, equivalent, -however, <span class="lineNum">35</span>to <span lang= -"tl">pabayáan</span>.</p> -<p id="p497b" class="par"><a id="a308.36" name="a308.36"></a>(b) -<span lang="tl">pà-</span>: <span lang= -"tl">Pàagáhan mo aŋ pagsúloŋ.</span> -<i>Get away very early.</i> <a id="a308.37" name= -"a308.37"></a><span lang="tl">Pàináman mo aŋ -súlat.</span> <i>Write very neatly.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pàitiman mò aŋ kúlay naŋ -túbig.</span> <i>Make the color of the water very black.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hwag mò ŋ <a id="a308.39" name= -"a308.39"></a>pàputian aŋ pintà naŋ -báhay.</span> <i>Don’t put too much white into the -<span class="lineNum">40</span>paint for the house.</i></p> -<p id="p497c" class="par"><a id="a308.41" name="a308.41"></a>(c) -<span lang="tl">pa-</span> also prefixed to the root: <span lang= -"tl">Pinapahatían akò ni Pédro naŋ -pálay sa kàtiwálaʾ.</span> <i>Pedro told the -agent to have me given my share of rice.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinapahatían ni Pédro naŋ pálay aŋ -maŋa kasamà.</span> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb309" -href="#pb309" name="pb309">309</a>]</span><i>Pedro ordered that the -laborers be given their share of rice.</i></p> -<p id="p498" class="par"><b>498.</b> Special static words are formed -with <span lang="tl">pà-</span> and <span lang="tl">-an</span> -to denote <i>place or plurality of habitual causative action</i>; -barytone roots have accent shift of two syllables, sometimes optionally -of one <span class="lineNum">5</span>syllable:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a309.6" name="a309.6"></a><span lang="tl">Aŋ -maliìt na sápa ŋ itò ay sya ŋ -pàbiyáyan ni Alfònso naŋ <a id="a309.7" name= -"a309.7"></a>maliliìt na isdà ŋ -nàhùhúli nya sa ílog.</span> <i>This little -pool is where <a id="a309.8" name="a309.8"></a>Andrés turns -loose the little fish he catches in the river.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pàlaŋúyan naŋ maŋa -páto ni Hwàn ay malálim.</span> <i>Juan’s -duck-pond is <a id="a309.10" name="a309.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>deep.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ kanila ŋ -pàtagálan naŋ pagsísid ay ginawá nila -sa Sibùl.</span> <i>Their diving-contest took place at -Sibol.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a309.12" name="a309.12"></a><span lang= -"tl">aŋ pàrusahàn</span> <i>penitentiary</i>; -<i>hell</i>. <span lang="tl">aŋ pàliguàn</span> -<i>bathroom</i>, <i>bathtub</i>.</p> -<p class="par">So also: <span lang="tl">pàkumpisálan, -pàaralàn, pàhayagàn -pàhayágan, pàmahalaàn <span class= -"lineNum">15</span>pàmahaláan</span>.</p> -<p id="p498a" class="par">(a) Derived from these a transient and -abstract in <span lang="tl">mag-</span>: <span lang="tl">aŋ <a id= -"a309.17" name="a309.17"></a>pagpapàtagálan</span> <i>a -contesting for endurance</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div6 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.4.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(3)</span> Transients and -abstracts with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> and <span lang= -"tl">ka-</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p499" class="par first"><b>499.</b> <span lang="tl">mag-pa-ka-, -pag-pa-pa-ka-</span>. The active with <span lang="tl">mag-pa-</span> -<a id="a309.20" name="a309.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>(§ <a href="#p489">489</a>) from words with -<span lang="tl">ka-</span> expresses a reflexive actor: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ pagpapakahírap sa pagaáral ay máy -ganti ŋ pálaʾ.</span> <i>Exerting oneself <a id= -"a309.22" name="a309.22"></a>at studies has its reward.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nagpakamatày si Lúkas.</span> <i>Lucas committed -<a id="a309.23" name="a309.23"></a>suicide.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Magpápakamatày si Lúkas.</span> <i>Lucas will -commit suicide.</i> <a id="a309.24" name="a309.24"></a><span lang= -"tl">aŋ pagpapakamatày</span> <i>the act of suicide</i>. So -also from: <span lang="tl">walàʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p499a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>(a) From forms -with <span lang="tl">ma-</span>, in more intensive sense than -<span lang="tl">mag-</span> alone (§ <a href="#p352c">352,c</a>): -<span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapakamarúnoŋ</span> <i>serious -effort at learning things</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a309.28" name="a309.28"></a>With irregularities -of accent, as in § <a href="#p353a">353,a</a>.<a href= -"#p353b">b</a>.: <span lang="tl">Sya y nagpakamápuri.</span> -<a id="a309.29" name="a309.29"></a><i>He praised himself very much.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y nagpakamayabàŋ.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">30</span><i>He boasted much.</i></p> -<p id="p500" class="par"><b>500.</b> <span lang="tl">pa-ka- (1) -in, -p-in-a-ka-</span>. The direct passive with <span lang= -"tl">pa-ka-</span> denotes <i>something caused to be too much so and -so</i>: <span lang="tl">Hwag mò <a id="a309.33" name= -"a309.33"></a>ŋ pakalalímin aŋ gawi ŋ -húkay.</span> <i>Don’t make the hole you are to <a id= -"a309.34" name="a309.34"></a>dig too deep.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag -mò ŋ pakalàlalímin aŋ -hùhukáin mo ŋ balòn.</span> <a id="a309.35" -name="a309.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><i>Don’t make -the well you are going to dig too deep.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pinakalálim ni Hwàn aŋ húkay.</span> -<i>Juan made the ditch too deep.</i></p> -<p class="par">(a) The form with <span lang="tl">p-in-a-ka-</span> -occurs as special static word: <a id="a309.38" name= -"a309.38"></a><span lang="tl">pinakamahàl</span> <i>most -expensive</i>, <i>dearest</i>; <span lang="tl">pinakamúra</span> -<i>cheapest</i>.</p> -<p id="p500b" class="par">(b) More commonly from words with <span lang= -"tl">ma-</span> (§ <a href="#p454">454</a>): <span lang="tl">Si -Risàl ay <a id="a309.40" name="a309.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>syà ŋ nagiŋ -pinakamarúnoŋ na táo sa -kapulua-ŋ-Filipínas.</span> <i>Rizal <a id="a309.41" name= -"a309.41"></a>was the most learned man in the Philippines.</i> -<span lang="tl">pinakamalakàs</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb310" href="#pb310" name= -"pb310">310</a>]</span><a id="a310.1" name= -"a310.1"></a><i>strongest</i>; <span lang= -"tl">pinakamalínis</span> <i>cleanest</i>. So from: <span lang= -"tl">búti, hábaʾ, halagà, húsay, -kínis</span>.</p> -<p id="p501" class="par"><b>501.</b> <span lang="tl">i-kà-pa-, -i-k-in-à-pa-</span>. The instrumental passive with <span lang= -"tl">i-kà-</span> (§ <a href="#p417">417</a>) from words -with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> expresses <i>the thing or circumstance -<a id="a310.5" name="a310.5"></a>causing someone to be made to do so -and so</i>. <span lang="tl">Ikinàpaalìs sa <a id="a310.6" -name="a310.6"></a>kanyà sa báhay ni Hwàn aŋ -kanya ŋ paŋuŋumìt.</span> <i>His petty thievery -caused him to be ordered to leave Juan’s house, to be dismissed -<a id="a310.8" name="a310.8"></a>from Juan’s house.</i> -<span lang="tl">Ikinàpàpaalìs nila sa kanyà -aŋ kanya ŋ pinaggagawà <a id="a310.9" name= -"a310.9"></a>ŋ katampalasánan sa maŋa -háyop.</span> <i>His constant cruelty to <span class= -"lineNum">10</span>the animals is forcing them to dismiss him.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ kaibigàn nya ŋ <a id="a310.11" -name="a310.11"></a>màtúto ay sya nyà ŋ -ikináparoon sa Espánya.</span> <i>His desire to get -<a id="a310.12" name="a310.12"></a>an education is what made him go to -Spain.</i> <span lang="tl">Baká mo ikàpahámak -aŋ iyo ŋ pagparoòn.</span> <i>I am afraid your going -there may cause you <a id="a310.14" name="a310.14"></a>to be -unfortunate.</i> <span lang="tl">Ikàpàpahámak nya -aŋ kanya ŋ pagsusundálo.</span> <span class= -"lineNum">15</span><i>His military service will cause him to fall into -bad ways.</i></p> -<p id="p501a" class="par">(a) With <span lang="tl">pag-</span> either -before or after the <span lang="tl">kà-</span> a voluntary actor -is implied who is caused to make someone or something do or be <a id= -"a310.18" name="a310.18"></a>so and so. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -ipinagkàpasakày ni Hwàn sa kanya ŋ máy -sakit na <a id="a310.19" name="a310.19"></a>kapatìd sa -trèn sa lugàr naŋ sa karumáta ay aŋ -katulínan naŋ <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>trèn.</span> <i>What made Juan have his -brother ride on the train rather <a id="a310.21" name= -"a310.21"></a>than in a carriage was the speed of the train.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nagpaísip sya sa <a id="a310.22" name= -"a310.22"></a>kanya ŋ maŋa eskwéla naŋ maŋa -paraà ŋ ikàpagpàpalakè nilà sa -kanila ŋ aklátan.</span> <i>He had his students think of -means that would help them to make their library (get) larger.</i></p> -<p id="p502" class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span><b>502.</b> -<span lang="tl">pa-ka- (1) -an</span>. Local passive with <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span> (§ <a href="#p497">497</a>) from a <a id="a310.26" -name="a310.26"></a>word with <span lang="tl">ka-</span> (§ -<a href="#p398">398</a>): <span lang="tl">pinakawalàn</span> -<i>was allowed to go free</i>.</p> -<p id="p503" class="par"><b>503.</b> <span lang="tl">ka-pa- (1) --an</span>. Local passive with <span lang="tl">ka-</span> (§ -<a href="#p419">419</a>) from a <a id="a310.28" name="a310.28"></a>word -with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> (§ <a href="#p481">481</a>): -<span lang="tl">kapàpatuŋúhan</span> <i>the place -one will be headed for</i>.</p> -<p id="p503a" class="par"><span class="lineNum">30</span>(a) Static -words with <span lang="tl">ka-pa- -an</span> are forms with <span lang= -"tl">ka- -an</span> from words with <span lang="tl">pa-</span>:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a310.32" name="a310.32"></a>With <span lang= -"tl">S</span> (§ <a href="#p421">421</a>): <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn aŋ kapàtagálan ni Maryáno sa -pagsísid sa túbig.</span> <i>Juan contends with Mariano -in staying under water as long as possible.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>With <span lang="tl">S -(1)</span>, (§ <a href="#p423">423</a>); accent irregularly -placed: <span lang="tl">Aŋ báta ŋ si <a id="a310.36" -name="a310.36"></a>Pédro aŋ sya ŋ -kàpakitáan ni Maryà naŋ kanyà ŋ -larwàn.</span> <i>Little Pedro is the child to whom Maria showed -her toys and who showed her his.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a310.39" name="a310.39"></a>With <span lang= -"tl">(2)</span>, (§ <a href="#p422">422</a>): <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kapabayaàn nya sa maŋa tuŋkúlin ay -<a id="a310.40" name="a310.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>syà ŋ malakì nya ŋ -kapintásan.</span> <i>His neglectfulness of his duties is his -great fault.</i></p> -<p id="p504" class="par"><b>504.</b> <span lang="tl">maka-pa-</span>. -With <span lang="tl">maka-</span> in the usual meanings (§ -<a href="#p433">433</a> ff.) <a id="a310.43" name="a310.43"></a>a few -transients are made from words <span lang="tl">pa-</span>. <span lang= -"tl">Nakapahiŋà sa lílim <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb311" href="#pb311" name= -"pb311">311</a>]</span>aŋ maŋa kalabàw.</span> <i>The -<span class="corr" id="xd21e62685" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> rested in the shade</i> (irrational -<a id="a311.2" name="a311.2"></a>actor). <span lang="tl">Bayáan -mo ŋ makapahiŋà aŋ maŋa dalà mo -ŋ kalabàw bágu ka bumalìk sa -búkid.</span> <i>Let the <span class="corr" id="xd21e62698" -title="Source: caribou">carabao</span> that brought you rest <a id= -"a311.4" name="a311.4"></a>before you go back to the country.</i> -<span lang="tl">Makapàpahiŋa nà aŋ maŋa -<span class="lineNum">5</span>háyop bágo sya -dumatìŋ.</span> <i>The <span class="corr" id="xd21e62714" -title="Source: caribou">carabao</span> will have rested before he -arrives.</i> So from: <span lang="tl">doòn, -lígoʾ</span>.</p> -<p id="p505" class="par"><b>505.</b> Commoner is <span lang= -"tl">maka-pag-pa-</span> (corresponding to <span lang= -"tl">mag-pa-</span>); <a id="a311.8" name="a311.8"></a>the abstract has -<span lang="tl">pagkapa-</span>. <span lang="tl">Nakapagpapútol -na akò naŋ káhoy na gàgamítin ko sa -boò ŋ tagulàn.</span> <i>I have already had wood cut -for <a id="a311.10" name="a311.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>the entire rainy season.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Lílay ay nakàkapagpapútol naŋ káhoy -<a id="a311.11" name="a311.11"></a>sa alílà ni -Kíkaʾ.</span> <i>Lilay has permission to order Kika’s -servant to <a id="a311.12" name="a311.12"></a>cut the wood.</i> -<span lang="tl">Hindí ako makapagpapútol naŋ -tubò kay Hwàn, sapagkàt marámi sya ŋ -trabáho sa ibà.</span> <i>I cannot have Juan cut -sugar-cane, because he has already too much work to do for other <a id= -"a311.15" name="a311.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>people.</i> -<span lang="tl">Makàkapagpapútol akò naŋ -labòŋ, kuŋ iyò ŋ gustò.</span> <i>I -can have some bamboo-shoots cut, if you wish.</i></p> -<p class="par">So from: <span lang="tl">bilì, kínis, -tápon</span>.</p> -<p id="p506" class="par"><b>506.</b> The passive with <span lang= -"tl">ma-</span> from words with <span lang="tl">pa-</span> varies in -meaning, owing chiefly to the various values of words with <span lang= -"tl">pa-</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a311.20" name="a311.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>(a) Genuine passive: <span lang="tl">Hindí -nya napahinòg aŋ maŋa ságiŋ.</span> <a id= -"a311.21" name="a311.21"></a><i>He did not succeed in getting the -bananas to ripen.</i> <span lang="tl">Mapahíhiram mo ba -akò naŋ lima ŋ píso ŋ gintò?</span> -<i>Can you let me borrow five <a id="a311.23" name= -"a311.23"></a>dollars gold?</i> <span lang="tl">Napapások ko sa -kuràl aŋ maŋa kalabàw.</span> <i>I succeeded -<a id="a311.24" name="a311.24"></a>in bringing the <span class="corr" -id="xd21e62837" title="Source: caribou">carabao</span> into the -corral.</i> <span lang="tl">Napatátalim ni Pédro -<span class="lineNum">25</span>aŋ mapuròl na -gúlok.</span> <i>Pedro is able to sharpen dull bolos.</i> So -from: <span lang="tl">alìs, puntà, sáboy, -túlog</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a311.27" name="a311.27"></a>(b) Reflexive -passive: <span lang="tl">Aŋ máy sakit ay -napadapàʾ sa maŋa <a id="a311.28" name= -"a311.28"></a>nagàalágà sa kanyà, -sapagkàt sya hindí makakílos.</span> <i>The sick -man had the people who were caring for him lay him on his face, because -<a id="a311.30" name="a311.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>he -could not move.</i> <span lang="tl">Napagísiŋ si -Hwàn sa kanya ŋ kapatìd sa óras naŋ -alaskwátro naŋ umága.</span> <i>Juan had his brother -wake him up at four o’clock in the morning.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Napapások akò sa síne sa áki ŋ -kúyaŋ.</span> <i>I asked my oldest brother to take me to -the moving-picture <a id="a311.34" name="a311.34"></a>show.</i> -<span lang="tl">Mapapàpások....</span> <i>I shall ask to -be taken in.</i> <a id="a311.35" name="a311.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span><span lang="tl">Silà y -napatùtúloŋ.</span> <i>They are asking for help.</i> -So: <span lang="tl">álam, hatìd, tawìd</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a311.37" name="a311.37"></a>(c) Reflexive of -interest: <span lang="tl">Napaakiyàt akò kay Hwàn -naŋ isa <a id="a311.38" name="a311.38"></a>ŋ -búŋa-ŋ-nyòg.</span> <i>I asked Juan to climb -for a cocoanut for me.</i> <span lang="tl">Napapútol silà -naŋ káhoy.</span> <i>They asked to have wood cut for -them.</i> <a id="a311.40" name="a311.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span><span lang="tl">Napapùpútol aŋ -maŋa anàk naŋ kanila ŋ kukò kay -Nánay.</span> <i>The children ask Mother to cut their -fingernails.</i> <span lang="tl">Napapùpútol akò -naŋ gàgawi ŋ pípa kay Hwàn.</span> <i>I -am asking Juan to cut me some wood <a id="a311.43" name= -"a311.43"></a>for a cigarette-mouthpiece.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Napatilàd akò naŋ tubò kay -Nánay.</span> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb312" href="#pb312" -name="pb312">312</a>]</span><i>I asked Mother to slice me some -sugar-cane.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a312.2" name="a312.2"></a>(d) Movement: -<span lang="tl">Napabíŋit sya sa malaki ŋ -paŋánib.</span> <i>He got <a id="a312.3" name= -"a312.3"></a>into a very dangerous situation.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Naparíne sa tabi kò aŋ -bátaʾ.</span> <i>The child came up close to me.</i> -<span lang="tl">Aŋ magkaybíga ŋ si Pédro at si -<a id="a312.5" name="a312.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>Maryáno ay naparoòn sa -Maynílaʾ.</span> <i>The two friends, Pedro and <a id= -"a312.6" name="a312.6"></a>Mariano, have gone to Manila.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y napaóo.</span> <i>He assented.</i> So -from: <span lang="tl">díto, loòb, salámat, -túŋo</span>. Also from the derived word <span lang= -"tl">luwásan: <a id="a312.8" name= -"a312.8"></a>napaluwásan</span>.</p> -<p id="p507" class="par"><a id="a312.9" name="a312.9"></a><b>507.</b> -Instrumental passive only in: <span lang= -"tl">maipabarìl</span>.</p> -<p id="p508" class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>508.</b> -Passive with <span lang="tl">mà-</span> (§ <a href= -"#p463">463</a> ff.) from words with <span lang="tl">pa-</span>. -<span lang="tl">Bumitìw <a id="a312.11" name= -"a312.11"></a>aŋ bátà sa lúbid, kanyá -nàparapàʾ aŋ kanyà ŋ -kahatakàn.</span> <i>As the child let go of the rope, the one -who was pulling against <a id="a312.13" name="a312.13"></a>him fell on -his face.</i> <span lang="tl">Nàparíto si Hwàn sa -kanyà ŋ pagtatagòʾ sa <a id="a312.14" name= -"a312.14"></a>maŋa tiktèk.</span> <i>Juan happened to come -here in his hiding from the <a id="a312.15" name= -"a312.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>spies.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàpàparíto sya ŋ madalàs. <i>He -often gets round here.</i> Màpàparíto raw -syà sa báya ŋ itò.</span> <i>He will get -round to our town, he <a id="a312.17" name="a312.17"></a>says.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nàpahámak sya sa ginawá nya ŋ -pagsusugàl at pagsasáboŋ.</span> <i>He became -good-for-nothing through his gambling and cock-fighting.</i> <a id= -"a312.19" name="a312.19"></a><span lang= -"tl">Nàpàpahámak aŋ báta ŋ si -Hwàn, dahilàn sa lubòs na pagpapaláyaw -<span class="lineNum">20</span>sa kanyà naŋ kanya ŋ -maŋa magúlaŋ.</span> <i>Little Juan is getting spoiled -through his parents’ complete indulgence.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hwag <a id="a312.22" name="a312.22"></a>kà ŋ -duwàg, Hwàn, at naŋ hwàg ka ŋ -màpahámak lámaŋ sa iyo ŋ -pagsusundálo.</span> <i>Don’t be a coward, Juan, so that -you may not <a id="a312.24" name="a312.24"></a>merely come to -misfortune through your military service.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Màpàpahámak <span class= -"lineNum">25</span>lámaŋ aŋ báta ŋ -itò, kapag hindí nátin pinapagáral naŋ -sapàt.</span> <i>This boy will turn out a good-for-nothing, if -we don’t make <a id="a312.27" name="a312.27"></a>him study -enough.</i> <span lang="tl">Hindí nàpahinòg na -maága ni Hwàn aŋ maŋa ságiŋ.</span> -<i>Juan didn’t get his bananas ripe early enough.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Hindí nya <a id="a312.29" name= -"a312.29"></a>nàpahinòg aŋ maŋa -ságiŋ, sapagkàt naúbus agàd.</span> -<i>He did not get <span class="lineNum">30</span>his bananas ripe, -because they were all eaten up too soon.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Pédro <a id="a312.31" name="a312.31"></a>ay -nàpàpahiŋà.</span> <i>Pedro is resting.</i> -<span lang="tl">Nàpatayó si Pédro dahilàn -sa kanya ŋ pagkàgúlat.</span> <i>Pedro leaped to his -feet in his surprise.</i> <span lang="tl">Dahilàn sa kanya -ŋ pagkàgúlat ay nàpaupú siya.</span> -<i>In his surprise he fell into his chair.</i></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">35</span>So from: <span lang= -"tl">gúlat, halakhàk, hitsà, iyàk, -kasàl, lagày, lagpàk, luksò, sigàw, -tindìg</span>.</p> -<p id="p508a" class="par"><a id="a312.37" name="a312.37"></a>(a) Plural -with <span lang="tl">-aŋ-</span>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -maŋa kalabàw ay -naŋàpàpahiŋà.</span> <a id="a312.38" -name="a312.38"></a><i>The <span class="corr" id="xd21e63192" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span> are resting.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">naŋápamaŋhàʾ</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a312.39" name="a312.39"></a>(b) Accent shift: -<span lang="tl">Nàpagisìŋ si Hwàn sa -kalakasàn naŋ putòk <span class= -"lineNum">40</span>naŋ barìl.</span> <i>The report of the -gun was so loud that Juan woke up.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">táwa</span>.</p> -<p id="p508c" class="par">(c) Abstract, of movements, <span lang= -"tl">pagkàpa-</span>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ dáhil -naŋ kanya <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb313" href="#pb313" name= -"pb313">313</a>]</span><a id="a313.1" name="a313.1"></a>ŋ -pagkàparíto ay aŋ paniniŋìl.</span> -<i>What brought him here was the <a id="a313.2" name= -"a313.2"></a>collecting of debts.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -pagkàpalígo naŋ kabáyo ay -marumè.</span> <i>The <a id="a313.3" name="a313.3"></a>horse has -not been bathed clean.</i> So from: <span lang="tl">alílaʾ, -doòn</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="corr" id="xd21e63247" title= -"Not in source">(d) With <span lang="tl">makà-</span> D (§ -<a href="#p473">473</a>) from <span lang="tl">-paríto</span>: -<span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ -makàparí-paríto.</span> <i>Don’t you ever -come round here!</i></span></p> -<p id="p509" class="par"><b>509.</b> Instrumental passive, <span lang= -"tl">mà-i-pa-, from: dalà, kilála, kíta, -<span class="lineNum">5</span>túlos</span>.</p> -<p id="p510" class="par"><a id="a313.6" name="a313.6"></a><b>510.</b> -Local passive, <span lang="tl">mà-pa- (1) -an</span>. -<span lang="tl">Màpàparusáhan kità</span>. -<i>I shall have to punish you.</i> So: <span lang= -"tl">kinìg</span>.</p> -<p id="p511" class="par"><b>511.</b> Special static words with -<span lang="tl">nà-pa-ka-</span> denote <i>something having a -high degree of such and such a quality</i>. <span lang="tl">Aŋ -sákit na iyo <a id="a313.10" name="a313.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>ŋ ipinarùrúsa sa ákin ay -nápakabigàt.</span> <i>The grief you cause me is <a id= -"a313.11" name="a313.11"></a>very severe.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàpakabúte aŋ kanya ŋ -pagkatákot.</span> <i>Her fear reached <a id="a313.12" name= -"a313.12"></a>a high degree.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ sakày -na táo naŋ kutséro sa karumáta ay -nàpakatabàʾ.</span> <i>The man the driver has taken -into his carriage is very stout.</i> So also: <span lang= -"tl">iklìʾ.</span></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">15</span>(a) From a phrase: -<span lang="tl">nàpakawala-ŋ-hiyàʾ</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="ch2.c.3.2.5"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">5.</span> The prefix <span lang= -"tl">pati-</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><b>512.</b> <span lang="tl">pati-</span> before a -root expresses that such and such a movement (of one’s own -person) is suddenly performed.</p> -<p id="p513" class="par"><b>513.</b> With <span lang="tl">mag-</span> -it denotes the voluntary performer. Barytone <a id="a313.20" name= -"a313.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>roots seem to have accent -shift. <span lang="tl">Aŋ báta y nagpatihigàʾ -sa <a id="a313.21" name="a313.21"></a>sahìg.</span> <i>The child -suddenly lay down on the floor.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagpatihulòg -si <a id="a313.22" name="a313.22"></a>Pédro sa -bintánaʾ sa isa ŋ pagsumpòŋ naŋ kanya -ŋ pagkalóko.</span> <i>Pedro suddenly threw himself from -the window in an attack of his <a id="a313.24" name= -"a313.24"></a>madness.</i> <span lang="tl">Nagpàpatihulòg -si Hwàn sa hagdánan kuŋ -sinúsumpòŋ <a id="a313.25" name= -"a313.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>naŋ kalokóhan, -kaniyàʾ sya y itináli nilà sa isa ŋ -halígi naŋ báhay.</span> <i>They tied Juan to one of -the posts of the house, because when he is assailed by a fit of -insanity he throws himself down the stairs.</i> <a id="a313.28" name= -"a313.28"></a><span lang="tl">Magpàpatihulòg daw sya -mulá sa ituktòk naŋ kanya ŋ -bìlaŋgúan <a id="a313.29" name= -"a313.29"></a>úpaŋ sya y makataanàn.</span> <i>He -says he will throw himself from the <span class="lineNum">30</span>roof -of his prison so as to make an escape.</i> <span lang="tl">Sya y -nagpatiluhòd.</span> <a id="a313.31" name="a313.31"></a><i>He -suddenly knelt down.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagpapatiluhòd -naŋ bátaʾ ay sya ŋ <a id="a313.32" name= -"a313.32"></a>nakasakìt sa kanya ŋ túhod.</span> -<i>The boy’s throwing himself on his knees is what injured his -knee.</i></p> -<p id="p514" class="par"><b>514.</b> The passive with <span lang= -"tl">mà-</span> denotes the involuntary performer. <a id= -"a313.35" name="a313.35"></a><span class="lineNum">35</span><span lang= -"tl">Nàpàpatihigàʾ aŋ báwat -mádulàs sa lugàr na itò.</span> <i>Every -one who <a id="a313.36" name="a313.36"></a>slips at this place falls on -his back.</i> <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ magpadulàs, -sapagkàt <a id="a313.37" name="a313.37"></a>baká ka -màpatihigàʾ.</span> <i>Don’t slide, for you -might fall on <a id="a313.38" name="a313.38"></a>your back.</i> -<span lang="tl">Sya y nàpatiluhòd.</span> <i>He fell, -landing in a kneeling position.</i> <a id="a313.39" name= -"a313.39"></a><span lang="tl">Nàpatiupú sya sa kanya -ŋ pagkádulàs.</span> <i>He fell into a sitting -<a id="a313.40" name="a313.40"></a><span class= -"lineNum">40</span>position when he slipped.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Nàpàpatiupòʾ aŋ báwat -táo ŋ magdaàn <a id="a313.41" name="a313.41"></a>sa -lugàr na itò, dahilàn sa madulàs na -lúmot naŋ lúpaʾ.</span> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb314" href="#pb314" name= -"pb314">314</a>]</span><i>Everyone who comes through this place falls -and lands in a sitting position, owing to the slippery moss on the -ground.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div4 section" id="ch2.c.3.3"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h5 class="main"><span class="divNum">III.</span> <i>Irregular -Derivatives.</i></h5> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e63514"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(1)</span> Transients and -abstracts of the particles <span lang="tl">sa</span> and <span lang= -"tl">-giŋ</span>.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p515" class="par first"><span class= -"lineNum">5</span><b>515.</b> The particle <span lang="tl">sa</span> -has transient forms as follows:</p> -<p id="p515a" class="par">(a) A normal transient: with <span lang= -"tl">pà-sa, pá-pà-sa, ná-sa, -ná-sà-sa</span>. <a id="a314.7" name= -"a314.7"></a><span lang="tl">Nása simbáhan -silà.</span> <i>They are (were) at church.</i> <span lang= -"tl">Násàsa simbáhan silà naŋ -maŋyáre aŋ súnog.</span> <i>They were at church -when the fire <a id="a314.9" name="a314.9"></a>occurred.</i> -<span lang="tl">Naŋ pása simbáhan -silà....</span> <i>When they went to <a id="a314.10" name= -"a314.10"></a><span class="lineNum">10</span>church....</i> <span lang= -"tl">Pápàsa simbáhan silà.</span> <i>They -will go to church.</i></p> -<p class="par">Plural: <span lang="tl">Naŋása -simbáhan silà.</span> <i>They are (were) at -church.</i></p> -<p class="par">(b) An accidental passive (of movement): <span lang= -"tl">má-pa-sa, má-pà-pa-sa, ná-pa-sa-, -ná-pà-pa-sa-</span>; abstract: <span lang= -"tl">pagká-pa-sa</span>. <span lang="tl">Naŋ mápasa -simbáhan silà ay malálim nà aŋ -gabì.</span> <i>When they got to the church, <a id="a314.15" -name="a314.15"></a><span class="lineNum">15</span>it was already late -at night.</i> <span lang="tl">Mápàpasa simbáhan -silà sa gabì.</span> <a id="a314.16" name= -"a314.16"></a><i>They will strike the church at nightfall.</i> -<span lang="tl">aŋ pagkápasa simbáhan</span> <i>a -chance coming upon the church</i>.</p> -<p id="p516" class="par"><a id="a314.18" name="a314.18"></a><b>516.</b> -The (transient) forms of <span lang="tl">-giŋ</span> are -<span lang="tl">ma-gìŋ, ma-gí-giŋ, -na-gìŋ, <a id="a314.19" name= -"a314.19"></a>na-gí-giŋ</span>; abstract: <span lang= -"tl">pa-gi-gìŋ</span>. <span lang= -"tl">Magpùpútol daw naŋ buhòk <a id="a314.20" -name="a314.20"></a><span class="lineNum">20</span>aŋ Intsèk -na si Yèŋ pagigìŋ binyágan nya.</span> -<i>The Chinaman Yeng says he will have his queue cut when he gets -baptized.</i></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e63652"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(2)</span> Odd affixes.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first"><a id="a314.23" name="a314.23"></a><b>517.</b> -<span lang="tl">ba-</span> seems to appear in <span lang= -"tl">ba-lasìŋ</span>.</p> -<p id="p518" class="par"><b>518.</b> <span lang="tl">hin-</span>, with -irregular nasalization of initials, in one simple <a id="a314.25" name= -"a314.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span>derivative: <span lang= -"tl">Aŋ kanya ŋ himatày ay hindí -nalaúnan.</span> <i>Her fainting-fit did not last long</i> -(<span lang="tl">matày</span>). <span lang="tl">-himagsìk -(bagsìk)</span> does not <a id="a314.27" name= -"a314.27"></a>occur, but underlies many derivatives, especially -<span lang="tl">maghimagsìk</span> <a id="a314.28" name= -"a314.28"></a>(§ <a href="#p352c">352,c</a>) and <span lang= -"tl">hìmagsíkan</span> (§ <a href= -"#p377a">377,a</a>). Many such underlying forms can be postulated from -the various transients with <span lang="tl">maŋhin-</span> -<span class="lineNum">30</span>(§ <a href="#p357b">357,b</a>).</p> -<p class="par">(a) With r: <span lang="tl">aŋ -hintutúroʾ</span> <i>the forefinger</i> (<span lang= -"tl">túroʾ</span>).</p> -<p id="p519" class="par"><a id="a314.32" name="a314.32"></a><b>519.</b> -<span lang="tl">kala-</span> in <span lang="tl">aŋ -kalaháteʾ</span> <i>a half</i>; <span lang="tl">aŋ -kalatimbàʾ</span> <i>dipping on the heels and rising, hands -holding opposite ears</i> (as trick or imposed <a id="a314.34" name= -"a314.34"></a>as a punishment), from <span lang="tl">hátiʾ -and timbàʾ</span> <i>a well-bucket</i>; these <span class= -"lineNum">35</span>have various further derivatives, see Index.</p> -<p id="p520" class="par"><b>520.</b> <span lang="tl">kasiŋ-</span> -<i>having such and such a quality in common with <a id="a314.37" name= -"a314.37"></a>something else</i>; hence partly equivalent with -<span lang="tl">ka-</span>: <span lang="tl">Kasiŋkúlay -naŋ áki ŋ bároʾ aŋ kanya ŋ -salawàl.</span> <i>His trousers are of the same color <a id= -"a314.39" name="a314.39"></a>as my blouse.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -bóla ŋ itò ay kasiŋlakì naŋ -itlòg.</span> <i>This ball is <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb315" href="#pb315" name="pb315">315</a>]</span><a id="a315.1" name= -"a315.1"></a>the same size as an egg.</i> <span lang="tl">Si -Hwàn ay kasiŋpantày ni Pédro.</span> <i>Juan -is of the same height as Pedro.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.3" name="a315.3"></a><b>521.</b> <span lang= -"tl">mala-</span> (Spanish ?) derogatory: <span lang="tl">aŋ -malasutsòt</span> <i>a young lout</i>, <i>a half-grown boy</i> -(literally: <i>a bad whistler</i>).</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">5</span><b>522.</b> <span lang= -"tl">pala-</span> expresses extreme tendency to such and such an -action:</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.7" name="a315.7"></a>(a) <span lang= -"tl">pala- S -in</span>, from oxytone roots: <span lang="tl">Sya y isa -ŋ palabintáŋin.</span> <a id="a315.8" name= -"a315.8"></a><i>He is very distrustful.</i> <span lang="tl">Aŋ -maŋa isdà y palabùlúkin sa <a id="a315.9" -name="a315.9"></a>tagáraw.</span> <i>Fish easily spoil in the -hot season.</i> <span lang="tl">aŋ palaluŋkútin</span> -<i>a <a id="a315.10" name="a315.10"></a><span class= -"lineNum">10</span>melancholy person</i>, <span lang= -"tl">palapùtákin</span> <i>a fowl given to cackling</i>, -<span lang="tl">palasumbúŋin</span> <a id="a315.11" name= -"a315.11"></a><i>tattle-tale</i>, <span lang= -"tl">palasutsútin</span> <i>one who is always whistling</i>, -<span lang="tl">palatuntúnin</span> <i>one who is always trying -to follow up his stolen property</i>, <a id="a315.13" name= -"a315.13"></a><span lang="tl">palatuwáin palatwáin</span> -<i>one who is easily amused</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.14" name="a315.14"></a>From root with -shifted accent: <span lang="tl">palasàkítin</span> -<i>person who is always <a id="a315.15" name="a315.15"></a><span class= -"lineNum">15</span>getting sick</i>. Irregularly: <span lang= -"tl">palahùníhin</span> <i>an animal given to neighing, -chirping, etc.</i></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.17" name="a315.17"></a>Lack of secondary -accent: <span lang="tl">palaiyákin</span> <i>a cry-baby</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.18" name="a315.18"></a>(b) <span lang= -"tl">pala- (2) -in</span>, from barytone roots: <span lang= -"tl">palagalitìn</span> <i>a hot-head</i>, <a id="a315.19" name= -"a315.19"></a><span lang="tl">palagisiŋìn</span> <i>a poor -sleeper</i>, <span lang="tl">palagutumìn</span> <i>one who is -always <a id="a315.20" name="a315.20"></a><span class= -"lineNum">20</span>getting hungry</i>, <span lang= -"tl">palagulatìn</span> <i>nervous person</i>, <span lang= -"tl">palahilawìn</span> <i>a kind of <a id="a315.21" name= -"a315.21"></a>rice that is hard to cook through</i>; <span lang= -"tl">Palaputulìn aŋ maŋa tiŋtìŋ -naŋ <a id="a315.22" name="a315.22"></a>walìs na -ytò.</span> <i>The fibres of this broom are very brittle.</i> -<span lang="tl">palatakutìn</span> <i>a timorous person</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.24" name="a315.24"></a>(c) <span lang= -"tl">palà- -an</span> <i>the place for such and such a -thing</i>: <span lang="tl">aŋ palàisdáan</span> -<a id="a315.25" name="a315.25"></a><span class="lineNum">25</span><i>a -fish-pond</i>, <span lang= -"tl">palàsiŋsíŋan</span> <i>the -ring-finger</i>, <i>the fourth finger</i>, <a id="a315.26" name= -"a315.26"></a><span lang="tl">palàtuntúnan</span> <i>a -set of rules</i>, <i>rules of order</i>.</p> -<p id="p523" class="par"><a id="a315.27" name="a315.27"></a><b>523.</b> -<span lang="tl">ta-</span> in <span lang="tl">ta-gílid</span> -<i>the side</i>; with retraction of accent: <span lang= -"tl">-talíkod</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.29" name="a315.29"></a><b>524.</b> -<span lang="tl">tag-</span> in names of seasons: <span lang= -"tl">tagáraw, tagulàn,</span> the two <a id="a315.30" -name="a315.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>Philippine seasons; -<span lang="tl">aŋ taglamìg</span> <i>cold weather</i>, -<i>the (American) winter</i>. <span class="corr" id="xd21e64094" title= -"Not in source">With accent-shift: <span lang= -"tl">taginìt</span> <i>the hot season</i>.</span></p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.32" name="a315.32"></a><b>525.</b> -<span lang="tl">taga-</span> <i>person whose duty it is to do so and -so</i>, especially <a id="a315.33" name="a315.33"></a>upon some -particular occasion: <span lang="tl">aŋ tagaalìs naŋ -gwarnisyòn naŋ <a id="a315.34" name= -"a315.34"></a>kabáyo</span> <i>the one detailed to unharness the -horses</i>, <span lang="tl">tagabílaŋ</span> -<i>accountant</i>, <a id="a315.35" name="a315.35"></a><span class= -"lineNum">35</span><i>counter</i>, <span lang="tl">tagaíkid sa -gawaàn naŋ lúbid</span> <i>the one who rolls up a -<a id="a315.36" name="a315.36"></a>rope in the rope-factory</i>; -<span lang="tl">Ikàw ay tagainùm -lámaŋ.</span> <i>Your job here <a id="a315.37" name= -"a315.37"></a>is only to drink</i>; so: <span lang= -"tl">tagakáin</span> <i>one whose only duty is to eat</i>. -<span lang="tl">Tagapútol naŋ káhoy aŋ -katuŋkúlan niyà.</span> <i>He is delegated to cut -wood.</i> <a id="a315.39" name="a315.39"></a><span lang= -"tl">tagasúlat</span> <i>the one who does the writing</i>; -<span lang="tl">tagatahèʾ</span> <i>one who does the -<span class="lineNum">40</span>sewing</i>. So from: <span lang= -"tl">húli, sulsì</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a315.41" name="a315.41"></a>(a) With <span lang= -"tl">pag-</span>: <span lang="tl">tagapagbigày, -tagapagtaŋgòl</span>.</p> -<p class="par">(b) With <span lang="tl">pag-pa-</span> <i>one whose -duty it is to oversee the doing of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb316" -href="#pb316" name="pb316">316</a>]</span><a id="a316.1" name= -"a316.1"></a>so and so</i>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -tagapagpaalìs naŋ tapòn naŋ maŋa -bóte</span> <i>head bottle-opener</i>; <a id="a316.2" name= -"a316.2"></a><span lang="tl">tagapagpainùm sa -fiyèsta</span> <i>bartender at a fiesta</i>; <span lang="tl">Isa -ŋ tagapagpainùm ay isa ŋ tagapagbigày naŋ -inumìn sa maŋa háyop o <a id="a316.4" name= -"a316.4"></a>maŋa bátaʾ.</span> So: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ tagapagpakáin</span> <i>who gives food to animals -or <a id="a316.5" name="a316.5"></a><span class= -"lineNum">5</span>children</i>, <span lang= -"tl">tagapagpalígoʾ</span> <i>who bathes children or -horses</i>, <span lang="tl">tagapagpasúlat</span> <i>head -writer</i>, <span lang="tl">tagapagpatotoò</span> -<i>witness</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a316.7" name="a316.7"></a><b>526.</b> <span lang= -"tl">tara-, tra-</span> is felt to be a prefix in: <span lang= -"tl">aŋ táo ŋ tarabúko, <a id="a316.8" name= -"a316.8"></a>trabúko</span> <i>a bald-headed person</i>, felt as -derivative from <span lang="tl">búko</span> <i>smooth, unripe -cocoanut</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">10</span><b>527.</b> <span lang= -"tl">-éro</span> (Spanish) as suffix of agent; final vowel (or -vowel <a id="a316.11" name="a316.11"></a>plus <i>n</i> or glottal stop) -is lost: <span lang="tl">baŋkéro, sabuŋéro, -sipéro</span> (<span lang="tl">sipéros</span>, plural); -from derived word: <span lang="tl">Katipunéros</span> -(<span lang="tl">ka-tipún-an</span>, § <a href= -"#p423">423</a>); <a id="a316.13" name="a316.13"></a>from compound -word: <span lang="tl">básag-uléro</span> <i>a -brawler</i>, <i>ruffian</i> (<span lang= -"tl">básag-úlo</span>).</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div5 section" id="xd21e64335"> -<div class="divHead"> -<h6 class="main"><span class="divNum">(3)</span> Pronoun forms.</h6> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p id="p528" class="par first"><span class= -"lineNum">15</span><b>528.</b> The various forms of the pronouns and -objectivizing particles show some regular derivation.</p> -<p class="par">(a) <span lang="tl">n-</span> with irregularities, for -disjunctive forms: <span lang="tl">n-aŋ, n-i <a id="a316.18" name= -"a316.18"></a>(si), n-inà n-ilà (sinà -silà), n-íno (síno), n-irè, n-itò, -n-iyàn, n-oòn (iyòn, yaòn); n-ità -(kità), n-iyà (siyà), n-ilà -(silà)</span>. From the <span class= -"lineNum">20</span>prepositive form: <span lang="tl">n-átin, -n-ámin, n-iniyò</span>.</p> -<p class="par">Similarly, the particle <span lang= -"tl">nawàʾ</span>, root <span lang= -"tl">áwaʾ</span> <i>pity</i>.</p> -<p class="par">(b) <span lang="tl">ka-</span> for local and prepositive -forms: <span lang="tl">ka-y (si), k-inà (sinà)</span>; -from the disjunctive form: <span lang="tl">ka-níno, -ka-nità, ka-niyà. ka-nilà.</span></p> -<p class="par"><span class="lineNum">25</span>(c) With <span lang= -"tl">si</span> compare <span lang="tl">sí-no</span>, with -<span lang="tl">aŋ, a-nò</span>.</p> -<p id="p528d" class="par">(d) Local equivalents of the demonstrative -pronouns (treated <a id="a316.27" name="a316.27"></a>as separate -roots): <span lang="tl">d-íne (irè), d-íto -(itò), d-iyàn, d-oòn</span>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a316.28" name="a316.28"></a>(e) Words of manner -with <span lang="tl">ga-</span>: <span lang="tl">ga-áno, -gá-no (anò), ga-yòn (iyòn)</span>. From -disjunctive forms: <span lang="tl">ga-nitò, ga-niyàn, -ga-noòn</span>. Cf. <a id="a316.30" name= -"a316.30"></a><span class="lineNum">30</span>also <span lang= -"tl">gáya</span> <i>like</i>.</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a316.31" name="a316.31"></a>Of similar formation: -<span lang="tl">Aŋ butò naŋ haláma ŋ -itò y gabútil naŋ pálay.</span> <i>The seed -of this plant is as large as a grain of rice</i> <a id="a316.33" name= -"a316.33"></a>(<span lang="tl">bútil</span> <i>a kernel of -grain</i>).</p> -<p class="par"><a id="a316.34" name="a316.34"></a>(f) <span lang= -"tl">saàn</span> (for <span lang="tl">sa anò</span>?) is -felt as a simple word. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb325" href= -"#pb325" name="pb325">325</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e11686" href="#xd21e11686src" name="xd21e11686">1</a></span> I owe -this and the following statements about the degree of pitch-rise to the -kindness of Dr. C. Ruckmich of the Department of Psychology of the -University of Illinois. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e11686src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e12816" href="#xd21e12816src" name="xd21e12816">2</a></span> It -might perhaps be more correct not to include such cases under the term -attribution (as will be done in the following analysis), but to set up -instead an additional syntactic type of “exocentric -modification”. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e12816src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e14044" href="#xd21e14044src" name="xd21e14044">3</a></span> In -the proverbial expression at <a href="#a16.18">16,18</a>, <span lang= -"tl">balàt</span> <i>skin</i>, <i>skins</i> is used as an object -expression without <span lang="tl">aŋ</span>, contrary to the -normal habit. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e14044src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e17386" href="#xd21e17386src" name="xd21e17386">4</a></span> -Although grammatical terms are necessarily and properly employed in -different meanings when referring to different languages, the Tagalog -constructions in question are so different from what is ordinarily -understood by “cases” that the above terminology has been -avoided in the following discussion. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e17386src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e30096" href="#xd21e30096src" name="xd21e30096">5</a></span> At -16, 2 <span lang="tl">hábaŋ</span>, instead of standing at -the beginning of its clause, follows the subject, taking the place of -ay. I take it that this sentence has been handed down in this form from -an older generation of speakers. Cf. § <a href= -"#p316">316</a>. <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e30096src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e31707" href="#xd21e31707src" name="xd21e31707">6</a></span> Once, -at 16, 18, <span lang="tl">at</span> is used concessively, <i>even -though</i>, and is placed not at the beginning of its phrase, but after -the subject, where ay would normally stand. The sentence is no doubt -traditional; it has currency as a proverb. See § <a href= -"#p68">68</a> and cf. § <a href="#p292">292</a>. <a class= -"fnarrow" href="#xd21e31707src">↑</a></p> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e39070" href="#xd21e39070src" name="xd21e39070">7</a></span> Cf. -Kern’s derivation of <span lang="tl">liŋgò</span> -from Spanish <i lang="es">domingo</i>, felt as containing infix -<span lang="tl">-um-</span> (<i lang="nl">Sanskritsche -woorden</i>). <a class="fnarrow" href= -"#xd21e39070src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -<div id="formations" class="div1 chapter"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#xd21e997">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main"><span class="corr" id="xd21e64476" title= -"Not in source"><span class="divNum">III.</span></span> LIST OF -FORMATIONS.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The formations with irregular affixes (515 ff.) -have been omitted from this list.</p> -<p class="par">The following regular features have been ignored:</p> -<p class="par">(1) Prefixes beginning with <i>n-</i>; these are the -actual-mode forms of prefixes beginning with <i>m-</i>, and are treated -in the same paragraphs as the latter.</p> -<p class="par">(2) Forms with doubling or reduplication of the root; -also those with accented reduplication (of root or prefix) expressing -durative aspect; these are treated in the same paragraphs as the -corresponding forms without reduplication.</p> -<p class="par">(3) Secondary accent, when not peculiar to prefixes.</p> -<p class="par">(4) Variations in position of accent.</p> -<p class="par">The numbers refer to paragraphs.</p> -<div id="xd21e64501" class="div2 section"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">A.</span> Forms without -prefix.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">(1) <i>No affix</i>: <a href="#p332">332</a>. -<a href="#p336">336</a>. <a href="#p338">338</a>. <a href= -"#p341">341</a>–346. <a href="#p348">348</a>. <a href= -"#p358">358</a>.</p> -<p lang="tl" class="par">(2) <i lang="en">Suffix only</i>:<br> --an <a href="#p31">31</a>. <a href="#p334c">334,c</a>. <a href= -"#p374">374</a>. <a href="#p377">377</a>–<a href= -"#p381">381</a>.<br> --anan <a href="#p377b">377,b</a>.<br> --han, -hanan <i lang="en">see</i> -an.<br> --hanin, -hin <i lang="en">see</i> -in.<br> --in <a href="#p334c">334,c</a>. <a href="#p359">359</a>. <a href= -"#p367">367</a>.<br> --inan <a href="#p377b">377,b</a>.<br> --nan <i>see</i> -an.<br> --nin <i>see</i> -in.</p> -<p lang="tl" class="par">(3) <i lang="en">Infix only</i>:<br> --in- <a href="#p334b1">334,b,1</a>. <a href="#p359">359</a>. <a href= -"#p365">365</a>. <a href="#p366">366</a>.<br> --in- -um- <a href="#p359a">359,a</a>.<br> --um- <a href="#p348">348</a>. <a href="#p349">349</a>. <a href= -"#p358">358</a>.</p> -<p lang="tl" class="par">(4) <i lang="en">Infix and suffix</i>:<br> --in- -an <a href="#p374">374</a>.<br> --um- -in <a href="#p359a">359,a</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div id="xd21e64648" class="div2 section"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 class="main"><span class="divNum">B.</span> Forms with prefix.</h3> -<ul lang="tl"> -<li>i- <a href="#p31">31</a>. <a href="#p334a2">334,a,2</a>.<a href= -"#p334b2">b,2</a>. <a href="#p368">368</a>. <a href= -"#p373">373</a>.</li> -<li>i- -in- <a href="#p368">368</a>.</li> -<li>ika- <a href="#p413">413</a>. <a href="#p416">416</a>.</li> -<li>ikà- <a href="#p417">417</a>.</li> -<li>ikàpa- <a href="#p501">501</a>.</li> -<li>ikàpag- <a href="#p418">418</a>.</li> -<li>ikàpagpa- <a href="#p501a">501,a</a>.</li> -<li>ikin ... <i lang="en">see</i> ik ...; <i lang="en">the</i> -in- -<i lang="en">expresses actual mode.</i></li> -<li>ini- <i lang="en">see</i> i- -in-.</li> -<li>ipa- <a href="#p494">494</a>.</li> -<li>ipag- <a href="#p369">369</a>–<a href="#p371">371</a>.</li> -<li>ipag- -an- <a href="#p369a">369,a</a>.</li> -<li>ipagka- <a href="#p414">414</a>. <a href="#p415">415</a>.</li> -<li>ipagkàpa- <a href="#p501a">501,a</a>.</li> -<li>ipagma- <a href="#p370">370</a>.</li> -<li>ipagpa- <a href="#p495">495</a>.</li> -<li>ipaki- <a href="#p394">394</a>.</li> -<li>ipakipa- <a href="#p496">496</a>.</li> -<li>ipakipag- <a href="#p395">395</a>.</li> -<li>ipaŋ- <a href="#p372">372</a>.</li> -<li>ipapaŋ- 394,c. <-- NOT FOUND --></li> -<li>ipin ... <i lang="en">see</i> ip ...; <i lang="en">the</i> -in- -<i lang="en">expresses actual mode</i>.</li> -<li><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb326" href="#pb326" name= -"pb326">326</a>]</span></li> -<li>ka- <a href="#p31">31</a>. <a href="#p76">76</a>. <a href= -"#p77">77</a>. <a href="#p179">179</a>. <a href="#p183">183</a>. -<a href="#p334a2">334,a,2</a>. <a href="#p398">398</a>. <a href= -"#p400">400</a>–<a href="#p402">402</a>.</li> -<li>kà- <a href="#p403">403</a>.</li> -<li>ka- -an <a href="#p419">419</a>. <a href= -"#p421">421</a>–<a href="#p426">426</a>.</li> -<li>kà- -an <a href="#p428">428</a>. <a href="#p430">430</a>. -<a href="#p431">431</a>.</li> -<li>ka- -anan <a href="#p423b">423,b</a>.</li> -<li>ka- -anin <a href="#p421a">421,a</a>.</li> -<li>ka- -in- <a href="#p412">412</a>.</li> -<li>kàka- <a href="#p399">399</a>. <a href="#p404">404</a>.</li> -<li>kamag- <a href="#p398a">398,a</a>.</li> -<li>kamag- -an <a href="#p423">423</a>,b.</li> -<li>kamaka- <a href="#p398">398</a>,a.</li> -<li>kapa- -an <a href="#p503">503</a>.</li> -<li>kàpa- -an <a href="#p503a">503,a</a>.</li> -<li>kapag- <a href="#p400a">400,a</a>. <a href="#p486c">486,c</a>.</li> -<li>kapaŋ- <a href="#p400b">400,b</a>.</li> -<li>kapaŋ- -an <a href="#p421b">421,b</a>. <a href= -"#p423b">423,b</a>.</li> -<li>kapàpa- <a href="#p486b">486,b</a>.</li> -<li>kay- <i>see</i> ka-.</li> -<li>kina- <a href="#p412">412</a>.</li> -<li>kina- -an <a href="#p419">419</a>.</li> -<li>kinà- -an <a href="#p260">260</a>. <a href= -"#p503">503</a>.</li> -<li>kinà- -anin <a href="#p421a">421,a</a>.</li> -<li>kinapa- -an <a href="#p503">503</a>.</li> -<li>kuma- <a href="#p404">404</a>.</li> -<li>ma- <a href="#p438">438</a> ff. <a href="#p444">444</a>. <a href= -"#p449">449</a>. <a href="#p454">454</a>.</li> -<li>mà- <a href="#p463">463</a> ff. <a href= -"#p469">469</a>.</li> -<li>ma- -an <a href="#p451">451</a>.</li> -<li>mà- -an <a href="#p475">475</a>.</li> -<li>ma- -in <a href="#p457">457</a>.</li> -<li>mag- <a href="#p34">34</a>. <a href="#p334a1">334,a,1</a>. <a href= -"#p350">350</a>. <a href="#p353">353</a>–356. <a href= -"#p358">358</a>.</li> -<li>mag- -um- <a href="#p352c">352,c</a>.</li> -<li>mag- -an <a href="#p352d">352,d</a>.</li> -<li>mag- -in <a href="#p352d">352,d</a>. <a href= -"#p358a">358,a</a>.</li> -<li>magka- <a href="#p405">405</a>. <a href="#p408">408</a>. <a href= -"#p409a">409,a</a>.</li> -<li>magkà- <a href="#p410">410</a>. <a href= -"#p411">411</a>.</li> -<li>magka- -an <a href="#p427a">427,a</a>,c.</li> -<li>magkà- -an <a href="#p430">430</a>.</li> -<li>magkaka- <a href="#p409">409</a>.</li> -<li>magkaka- -an <a href="#p427d">427,d</a>.</li> -<li>magkinàka- <a href="#p412a">412,a</a>.</li> -<li>magma- <a href="#p352c">352,c</a>. <a href="#p353a">353,a</a>.</li> -<li>magmà- <a href="#p353b">353,b</a>.</li> -<li>magmaka- <a href="#p453a">453,a</a>.</li> -<li>magpa- <a href="#p489">489</a>.</li> -<li>magpà- <a href="#p489d">489,d,e</a>.</li> -<li>magpa- -um- <a href="#p489b">489,b</a>.</li> -<li>magpà- -an <a href="#p498a">498,a</a>.</li> -<li>magpaka- <a href="#p499">499</a>.</li> -<li>magpakama- <a href="#p499a">499,a</a>.</li> -<li>magpakamà- <a href="#p499a">499,a</a>.</li> -<li>magpapa- <a href="#p489">489</a> f.</li> -<li>magpati- <a href="#p513">513</a>.</li> -<li>magsi- <a href="#p385">385</a>.</li> -<li>magsipa- <a href="#p488d">488,d</a>.</li> -<li>magsipag- <a href="#p386">386</a>.</li> -<li>magsipag- -an <a href="#p386b">386,b</a>.</li> -<li>magsipagka- <a href="#p406">406</a>.</li> -<li>magsipagpa- <a href="#p489a">489,a</a>.</li> -<li>magsipaŋ- <a href="#p387">387</a>.</li> -<li>mài- <a href="#p474">474</a>.</li> -<li>maipa- <a href="#p507">507</a>.</li> -<li>màipa- <a href="#p509">509</a>.</li> -<li>maipag- <a href="#p450">450</a>.</li> -<li>maipaŋ- <a href="#p450">450</a>.</li> -<li>maka- <a href="#p433">433</a> ff. <a href="#p444">444</a>. <a href= -"#p453">453</a>.</li> -<li>makà- <a href="#p458">458</a> ff. <a href="#p469">469</a>. -<a href="#p473">473</a>. <a href="#p479">479</a>.</li> -<li>màka- <a href="#p470a">470,a</a>.</li> -<li>maka- -an <a href="#p443">443</a>. <a href="#p454c">454,c</a>.</li> -<li>màka- -an <a href="#p488">488</a>.</li> -<li>makapa- <a href="#p504">504</a>.</li> -<li>makapag- <a href="#p445">445</a>. <a href="#p447">447</a>.</li> -<li>makapagpa- <a href="#p505">505</a>.</li> -<li>makàpaki- <a href="#p473a">473,a</a>.</li> -<li>makapaŋ- <a href="#p448">448</a>.</li> -<li>makapaŋ- -in <a href="#p448b">448,b</a>.</li> -<li>maki- <a href="#p390">390</a>.</li> -<li>makipag- <a href="#p391">391</a>.</li> -<li>makipag- -an <a href="#p391a">391,a</a>.</li> -<li>makipagka- -an <a href="#p427b">427,b</a>.</li> -<li>makipaŋ- <a href="#p392">392</a>.</li> -<li>maŋ- <a href="#p334a4">334,a,4</a>. <a href="#p357">357</a>. -<a href="#p358">358</a>.</li> -<li>màŋ- <a href="#p358e">358,e</a>. f.</li> -<li>maŋ- -in <a href="#p357a">357,a</a>.</li> -<li>maŋa- <a href="#p442">442</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb327" href="#pb327" name="pb327">327</a>]</span></li> -<li>maŋà- <a href="#p467">467</a>.</li> -<li>maŋa- -an <a href="#p421a">421,a</a>.</li> -<li>maŋagsi- <a href="#p385a">385,a</a>.</li> -<li>maŋagsipag- <a href="#p386a">386,a</a>.</li> -<li>maŋaka- <a href="#p442">442</a>.</li> -<li>maŋàka- <a href="#p442">442</a>. <a href= -"#p470b">470,b</a>.</li> -<li>maŋàpa- <a href="#p508a">508,a</a>.</li> -<li>mapa- <a href="#p506">506</a>.</li> -<li>màpa- <a href="#p508">508</a>.</li> -<li>màpa- -an <a href="#p510">510</a>.</li> -<li>mapag- <a href="#p446">446</a>. <a href="#p455">455</a>.</li> -<li>màpag- <a href="#p471">471</a>.</li> -<li>mapag- -an <a href="#p452">452</a>.</li> -<li>màpag- -an <a href="#p476">476</a>.</li> -<li>màpagka- -an <a href="#p488a">488,a</a>.</li> -<li>nàpaka- <a href="#p511">511</a>.</li> -<li>mapaŋ- <a href="#p454c">454,c</a>. <a href= -"#p456">456</a>.</li> -<li>màpaŋ- <a href="#p472">472</a>.</li> -<li>màpaŋ- -an <a href="#p477">477</a>.</li> -<li>màpati- <a href="#p514">514</a>.</li> -<li>pa- <a href="#p207">207</a>. <a href="#p481">481</a>–484. -<a href="#p487">487</a>.</li> -<li>pà- <a href="#p487d">487,d</a>. <a href= -"#p515a">515,a</a>.</li> -<li>pa- -an <a href="#p497">497</a>.</li> -<li>pà- -an <a href="#p497b">497,b</a>. <a href= -"#p498">498</a>.</li> -<li>pa- -in <a href="#p490">490</a>.</li> -<li>pà- -in <a href="#p490a">490,a,b</a>.</li> -<li>pag- <a href="#p34">34</a>. <a href="#p274">274</a>. <a href= -"#p334a1">334,a,1</a>. <a href="#p348">348</a>–<a href= -"#p356">356</a>.</li> -<li>pag- -an <a href="#p352d">352,d</a>. <a href="#p375">375</a>.</li> -<li>pag- -anan <a href="#p375b">375,b</a>.</li> -<li>pag- -in <a href="#p352c">352,c</a>. <a href= -"#p360">360</a>–<a href="#p363">363</a>.</li> -<li>pag- -um- <a href="#p352c">352,c</a>.</li> -<li>pagka- <a href="#p274">274</a>. <a href="#p404">404</a>. <a href= -"#p433">433</a>, ff. <a href="#p444">444</a>. <a href= -"#p453b">453,b</a>.</li> -<li>pagkà- <a href="#p274">274</a>. <a href="#p458">458</a> ff. -<a href="#p469">469</a>.</li> -<li>pagka- -an <a href="#p420">420</a>.</li> -<li>pagkà- -an <a href="#p429">429</a>.</li> -<li>pagkaka- <a href="#p405">405</a>. <a href="#p406">406</a>. <a href= -"#p407a">407,a,b</a>.</li> -<li>pagkakà- <a href="#p410">410</a>. <a href= -"#p411">411</a>.</li> -<li>pagkàka- <a href="#p470a">470,a</a>.</li> -<li>pagkaka- -an <a href="#p427a">427,a</a>.</li> -<li>pagkakà- -an <a href="#p430a">430,a,b</a>.</li> -<li>pagkàpa- <a href="#p508c">508,c</a>.</li> -<li>pagkapag- <a href="#p445">445</a>. <a href="#p447">447</a>.</li> -<li>pagkàpag- <a href="#p471">471</a>.</li> -<li>pagkapaŋ- <a href="#p448">448</a>.</li> -<li>pagkapaŋ- -in- <a href="#p448b">448,b</a>.</li> -<li>pagmama- <a href="#p352c">352,c</a>. <a href= -"#p353a">353,a</a>.</li> -<li>pagmamà- <a href="#p353b">353,b</a>.</li> -<li>pagpa- <a href="#p488">488</a>.</li> -<li>pagpapa- <a href="#p489">489</a>.</li> -<li>pagpapà- -an <a href="#p498a">498,a</a>.</li> -<li>pagpapa- -um- 498,b.</li> -<li>pagpapaka- <a href="#p499">499</a>.</li> -<li>pagpapakama- <a href="#p499a">499,a</a>.</li> -<li>pagpapakamà- <a href="#p499a">499,a</a>.</li> -<li>pai- <a href="#p481a">481,a</a>.</li> -<li>paka- -an <a href="#p502">502</a>.</li> -<li>paka- -in <a href="#p500">500</a>.</li> -<li>paki- <a href="#p389">389</a>.</li> -<li>paki- -an <a href="#p396">396</a>.</li> -<li>paki- -in <a href="#p393">393</a>.</li> -<li>pakiki- <a href="#p390">390</a>.</li> -<li>pakikipag- <a href="#p391">391</a>.</li> -<li>pakikipag- -an <a href="#p391a">391,a</a>.</li> -<li>pakikipagka- -an <a href="#p427b">427,b</a>.</li> -<li>pakikipaŋ- <a href="#p392">392</a>.</li> -<li>pakipag- -an <a href="#p396b">396,b</a>.</li> -<li>panu- <i lang="en">see</i> paŋ-.</li> -<li>paŋ- <a href="#p334a4">334,a,4</a>. <a href="#p347">347</a>. -<a href="#p357">357</a>.</li> -<li>paŋ- -an <a href="#p376">376</a>.</li> -<li>pàŋ- -an <a href="#p383">383</a>.</li> -<li>paŋ- -in <a href="#p357a">357,a</a>. <a href="#p364">364</a>. -<a href="#p367b">367,b</a>.</li> -<li>pàŋ- -in <a href="#p367">367</a>,c.</li> -<li>paŋaŋa- -an <a href="#p421a">421,a</a>. <a href= -"#p422a">422,a</a>.</li> -<li>paŋpa- <a href="#p486a">486,a</a>.</li> -<li>papa- <a href="#p485">485</a>.</li> -<li>pàpa- <a href="#p488">488</a>.</li> -<li>papa- -an <a href="#p497c">497,c</a>.</li> -<li>papag- -in <a href="#p491">491</a>. <a href= -"#p491b">491,b</a>.</li> -<li>papagpa- -in <a href="#p493">493</a>.</li> -<li>papaŋ- <a href="#p492">492</a>.</li> -<li>pau- <i lang="en">see</i> pa-.</li> -<li>pin... <i lang="en">see</i> p...; <i lang="en">the</i> -in- -<i lang="en">expresses actual mode</i>.</li> -<li>puma- <a href="#p488">488</a>.</li> -</ul> -<p><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb328" href="#pb328" name= -"pb328">328</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div id="index" class="div1 index"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#xd21e1004">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">INDEX OF WORDS.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The words are arranged by roots, in accordance -with the speech-feeling, so far as ascertainable. The forms <span lang= -"tl">díne, díto, diyàn, doòn</span> have, -however, been given separate places.</p> -<p class="par">In using the index the sound-variations described in -§ <a href="#p334">334</a> should be kept in view. The forms are -given with fullest accentuation and vocalism (<i lang="tl">iy</i> for -<i>y</i>, <i lang="tl">uw</i> for <i>w</i> after consonant), regardless -of actual occurrence. For <i>e</i> see <i>i</i>, for <i>o</i> see -<i>u</i>. Foreign <i>r</i> is under <i>d</i>, <i>f</i> under <i>p</i>, -<i>v</i> under <i>b</i>.</p> -<p class="par">The brief indication of meaning after each form ignores -shades of meaning that would require long definitions; so especially -factors of involuntary or completed action and of ability (<span lang= -"tl">ka-, maka-, ma-</span>) and of accident or ability due to external -causes (<span lang="tl">kà-, makà-, -mà-</span>).</p> -<p class="par">The references to occurrence have been limited by -considerations of space; the numbers refer to page and line; when in -heavy type, to paragraphs of the Grammatical Analysis.</p> -<p class="par">The following abbreviations are used: <i>arch.</i>: felt -as archaic. C.: Chinese. <i>disj.</i>: disjunctive form. E.: English. -<i>excl.</i>: exclusive. <i>id.</i>: the same meaning. <i>incl.</i>: -inclusive. <i>intr.</i>: English definition to be taken in intransitive -sense. <i>loc.</i>: local. <i>n.</i>: name. <i>pl.</i>: the Tagalog -form is an explicit plural. <i>prep.</i>: prepositive. S.: -Spanish<a class="noteref" id="xd21e65968src" href="#xd21e65968" name= -"xd21e65968src">1</a>. <i>tr.</i>: English definition to be taken in -transitive sense.</p> -<div class="transcribernote indextoc"><a href="#xd21e65977">A</a> | -<a href="#xd21e70033">B(V)</a> | <a href="#xd21e75652">D(R)</a> | -<a href="#xd21e79146">G</a> | <a href="#xd21e81381">H</a> | <a href= -"#xd21e86020">I(E)</a> | <a href="#xd21e88415">K</a> | <a href= -"#xd21e92371">L</a> | <a href="#xd21e97593">M</a> | <a href= -"#xd21e99284">N</a> | <a href="#xd21e99977">Ŋ</a> | <a href= -"#xd21e100089">P (F)</a> | <a href="#xd21e105842">S</a> | <a href= -"#xd21e111996">T</a> | <a href="#xd21e119254">U (O)</a> | <a href= -"#xd21e121149">W</a> | <a href="#xd21e121609">Y</a></div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e65977" class="main">A</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">a- <i lang="en">see</i> anò, aŋ.</p> -<p class="par">abà <i lang="en">ah</i> <a href= -"#a151.14">151(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">abakà S. <i lang="en">hemp</i> <a href= -"#a237.37">237(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-abála: pagabála <i lang="en">a -bothering</i>; <i lang="en">see Corrigenda</i>.<br> -naŋabála <i lang="en">made trouble</i> <a href= -"#a239.29">239(29)</a>.<br> -kaabalahàn <i lang="en">trouble</i> <a href= -"#a302.14">302(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-abàŋ: umabàŋ <i lang="en">watch -for</i> <a href="#a226.23">226(23)</a>.<br> -umáabàŋ <i lang="en">is lying in wait</i> <a href= -"#a64.41">64(41)</a>.<br> -nakaabàŋ <i lang="en">is on guard</i> <a href= -"#a48.12">48(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ábito S. <i lang="en">vestment</i> <a href= -"#a98.20">98(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">abéynte-kuwátro S. <i lang= -"en">twenty-fourth</i> <a href="#a110.11">110(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">abúbot <i lang="en">belongings</i> <a href= -"#a118.23">118(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ábot (a) <i lang="en">overtake</i>: -abútan <i lang="en">be</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb329" -href="#pb329" name="pb329">329</a>]</span><i lang="en">reached</i> -<a href="#a92.19">92(19)</a>. <a href="#a299.38">299(38)</a>.<br> -inabútan <i lang="en">was overtaken</i> <a href= -"#a52.42">52(42)</a>. <a href="#a84.34">84(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a250.30">250(30)</a>.<br> -inàabútan <i lang="en">is being reached</i> <a href= -"#a301.34">301(34)</a>.<br> -paábot <i lang="en">let oneself be overtaken</i> <a href= -"#a301.21">301(21)</a>.<br> -paaábot <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a46.11">46(11)</a>.<br> -nagpaábot <i lang="en">let himself be overtaken</i> <a href= -"#a52.28">52(28)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">with accent-shift</i>; <i lang="en">reach -for</i>, <i lang="en">take</i>: umabòt <i lang="en">reach -for</i> <a href="#a231.5">231(5)</a>. <a href="#a237.20">237(20)</a>. -<i lang="en">reached for</i> <a href="#a231.6">231(6)</a>.<br> -umáabòt <i lang="en">reaches for</i> <a href= -"#a62.14">62(14)</a>.<br> -pagabòt <i lang="en">a reaching for</i> <a href= -"#a231.7">231(7)</a>.<br> -nagáabòt <i lang="en">is handing</i> <a href= -"#a237.17">237(17)</a>.<br> -pagaabòt <i lang="en">a handing</i> <a href= -"#a237.19">237(19)</a>.<br> -inabòt <i lang="en">was taken</i> <a href= -"#a30.10">30(10)</a>.<br> -ináabot <i lang="en">is being reached for</i> <a href= -"#a246.3">246(3)</a>.<br> -iyabòt <i lang="en">be handed</i> <a href= -"#a249.13">249(13)</a>.<br> -iniyabòt <i lang="en">was handed</i> <a href= -"#a30.13">30(13)</a>. <a href="#a106.21">106(21)</a>.<br> -iniyáabòt <i lang="en">is being handed</i> <a href= -"#a249.12">249(12)</a>.<br> -kaàbútan <i lang="en">one of two who hand to each -other</i> <a href="#a278.4">278(4)</a>.<br> -maabòt <i lang="en">he reached</i> <a href= -"#a286.28">286(28)</a>.<br> -maáabòt <i lang="en">will be reached</i> <a href= -"#a20.27">20(27)</a>.<br> -naabòt <i lang="en">was reached</i> <a href= -"#a286.27">286(27)</a>.<br> -pagkaabòt <i lang="en">a reaching for</i> see Corrigenda.<br> -náabòt <i lang="en">was reached</i> <a href= -"#a296.13">296(13)</a>.<br> -pagkáabòt <i lang="en">a reaching for</i> see -Corrigenda.<br> -paabòt <i lang="en">caused to be handed</i> <a href= -"#a300.23">300(23)</a>.<br> -nagpaabòt <i lang="en">caused to be handed</i> <a href= -"#a304.21">304(21)</a>.<br> -ipinaabòt <i lang="en">was caused to be handed</i> <a href= -"#a52.11">52(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ága: umága <i lang="en">morning</i> -<a href="#a50.40">50(40)</a>. <a href="#a62.36">62(36)</a>. <a href= -"#a66.25">66(25)</a>. <a href="#a120.19">120(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a163.23">163(23)</a>. <a href="#a190.24">190(24)</a>. <a href= -"#a241.39">241(39)</a>. <a href="#p262.5"><b>262</b>(5)</a>.<br> -inùumága <i lang="en">is being overtaken by morning</i> -<a href="#a245.42">245(42)</a>.<br> -magpaumága <i lang="en">let oneself be overtaken by morning</i> -<a href="#a304.18">304(18)</a>.<br> -agáhan <i lang="en">be done early</i> <a href= -"#a250.30">250(30)</a>.<br> -maága <i lang="en">early</i> <a href="#a312.27">312(27)</a>.<br> -paága <i lang="en">early rice</i> <a href= -"#a300.3">300(3)</a>.<br> -pàága <i lang="en">be very early</i> <a href= -"#a301.36">301(36)</a>.<br> -pàagáhan <i lang="en">be done very early</i> <a href= -"#a308.36">308(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">agàd <i lang="en">soon</i> <a href= -"#a32.22">32(22)</a>. <a href="#a42.31">42(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a48.26">48(26)</a>. <a href="#p265.1"><b>265</b>(1)</a>.<br> -agàd-agàd <i lang="en">immediately</i> <a href= -"#a36.5">36(5)</a>. 48(37.40). <a href="#p265.1"><b>265</b>(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ágaw <i lang="en">that snatched</i> <a href= -"#a220.17">220(17)</a>.<br> -agàw <i lang="en">snatched</i> <a href= -"#a222.16">222(16)</a>.<br> -umágaw <i lang="en">snatched</i> <a href= -"#a226.24">226(24)</a>.<br> -inágaw <i lang="en">was snatched</i> <a href= -"#a250.11">250(11)</a>.<br> -agawàn <i lang="en">a grabbing together</i> <a href= -"#a260.3">260(3)</a>.<br> -pagaagawàn <i lang="en">a scrambling</i> <a href= -"#a108.25">108(25)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipagagawàn <i lang="en">are scrambling</i> <a href= -"#a108.24">108(24)</a>.<br> -naàágaw <i lang="en">can be seized</i> <a href= -"#a40.8">40(8)</a>.<br> -makàágaw <i lang="en">seize</i> <a href= -"#a108.31">108(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aginàldo S. <i lang="en">Christmas present</i>; -as n. <a href="#a118.6">118(6)</a>.<br> -nàpaŋaginàlduhan <i lang="en">was given as a -Christmas present</i> <a href="#a298.26">298(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a307.21">307(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ágos <i lang="en">stream</i> <a href= -"#a16.3">16(3)</a>.<br> -umàágos <i lang="en">is streaming</i> <a href= -"#a44.42">44(42)</a>. àguwa-bindíta S. <i lang= -"en">holy-water</i> <a href="#a96.28">96(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áhas <i lang="en">snake</i> <a href= -"#a120.21">120(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-áhit: paŋáhit <i lang="en">razor</i> -<a href="#a232.17">232(17)</a>.<br> -naŋáhit <i lang="en">did shaving</i> <a href= -"#a167.2">167(2)</a>.<br> -inahítan <i lang="en">was shaved</i> <a href= -"#a250.32">250(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-áhon: umáhon <i lang="en">go up</i> -<a href="#a116.18">116(18)</a>. <i lang="en">went up</i> <a href= -"#a226.25">226(25)</a>.<br> -umàáhon <i lang="en">is going up</i> <a href= -"#a110.20">110(20)</a>.<br> -àáhon <i lang="en">will go up</i> <a href= -"#a263.26">263(26)</a>.<br> -pagáhon <i lang="en">a going up</i> <a href= -"#a226.27">226(27)</a>.<br> -nagsiáhon <i lang="en">went up<span class="corr" id="xd21e66649" -title="Not in source">,</span> pl.</i> <a href= -"#a118.13">118(13)</a>.<br> -ipinaáhon <i lang="en">was caused to go up</i> <a href= -"#a120.16">120(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">akálaʾ <i lang="en">opinion</i> <a href= -"#a20.8">20(8)</a>. <a href="#a98.15">98(15)</a>. <a href= -"#p271"><b>271</b></a>.<br> -paŋakála panukálaʾ <i lang="en">thought</i> -<a href="#a16.9">16(9)</a>. <a href="#a224.40">224(40)</a>. <a href= -"#a226.1">226(1)</a>.<br> -nagakálaʾ <i lang="en">thought</i>, <i lang= -"en">planned</i> <a href="#a24.17">24(17)</a>. <a href= -"#a50.13">50(13)</a>.<br> -inakálaʾ <i lang="en">was thought</i> <a href= -"#a18.17">18(17.24)</a>.<br> -inàakálaʾ <i lang="en">is being thought</i> -11(86).</p> -<p class="par">-ákap: nààákap <i lang= -"en">is embracing</i> <a href="#a66.40">66(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ákay (a) <i lang="en">lead</i>: -umàákay <i lang="en">is leading</i> <a href= -"#a22.31">22(31)</a>.<br> -inákay <i lang="en">was led</i> <a href= -"#a26.36">26(36)</a>.<br> -(b) <i lang="en">with accent-shift</i> inakày <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb330" href="#pb330" name= -"pb330">330</a>]</span><i lang="en">young of animal</i> <a href= -"#a102.20">102(20)</a>. <a href="#a247.13">247(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ákin <i lang="en">prep. and loc. of</i> -akò: <i lang="en">my</i>, <i lang="en">me</i>, <i lang="en">by -me</i> <a href="#p165"><b>165</b></a>. <a href="#p169"><b>169</b></a>. -<a href="#p182"><b>182</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-akiyàt: umakiyàt <i lang="en">climb</i> -<a href="#a22.39">22(39)</a>. <i lang="en">climbed</i> <a href= -"#a16.15">16(15)</a>.<br> -áakiyàt <i lang="en">will climb</i> <a href= -"#a22.36">22(36)</a>.<br> -pagakiyàt <i lang="en">a climbing</i> <a href= -"#a24.6">24(6)</a>.<br> -nagsísiakiyàt <i lang="en">are climbing</i> <a href= -"#a108.31">108(31)</a>.<br> -àakiyatìn <i lang="en">will be climbed</i> <a href= -"#a16.15">16(15)</a>.<br> -makaakiyàt <i lang="en">be able to climb</i> <a href= -"#a108.28">108(28)</a>.<br> -makaákiyàt <i lang="en">will be able to climb</i> -<a href="#a22.37">22(37)</a>.<br> -maakiyàt <i lang="en">be able to be climbed</i> <a href= -"#a16.13">16(13)</a>.<br> -náakiyàt <i lang="en">got carried up</i> <a href= -"#a295.3">295(3)</a>.<br> -paakiyàt <i lang="en">ask to be climbed with or for</i>; -<i lang="en">caused to be climbed or climbed for</i>; <i lang= -"en">climbing up</i> <a href="#a106.14">106(14)</a>. 299(6.37). -301(22.29).<br> -paáakiyàt <i lang="en">will ask to be climbed with or -for</i> <a href="#a301.38">301(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a302.1">302(1)</a>.<br> -napaakiyàt <i lang="en">asked to be climbed for</i> <a href= -"#a311.37">311(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aklàt <i lang="en">book</i> <a href= -"#a154.28">154(28)</a>.<br> -aklátan <i lang="en">library</i> <a href="#a210.12">210(12)</a>. -<i lang="en">See</i> báhay.</p> -<p class="par">-akmàʾ: inakmaàn <i lang="en">was -prepared for</i> <a href="#a70.29">70(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">akò <i lang="en">I</i> <a href= -"#a16.17">16(17)</a>. <a href="#a152.14">152(14)</a>. <a href= -"#p63"><b>63</b></a>. Cf. ákin, ko.</p> -<p class="par">ákoʾ <i lang="en">person relieved</i> -<a href="#a220.19">220(19)</a>.<br> -paŋákoʾ <a href="#a233.35">233(35)</a>.<br> -maŋákoʾ <i lang="en">promise</i> <a href= -"#a44.13">44(13)</a>.<br> -inákoʾ <i lang="en">was pledged for</i> <a href= -"#a220.19">220(19)</a>. <a href="#a243.31">243(31)</a>.<br> -ipinaŋákoʾ <i lang="en">was promised</i> <a href= -"#a34.10">34(10)</a>.<br> -pagkapaŋákoʾ <i lang="en">a having promised</i> -<a href="#a44.22">44(22)</a>. <a href="#a287.29">287(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alaála <i lang="en">souvenir</i>, <i lang= -"en">present</i> <a href="#a72.37">72(37)</a>. <a href= -"#a221.3">221(3)</a>.<br> -paŋalaála <i lang="en">memory</i> <a href= -"#a116.24">116(24)</a>.<br> -alalahánin <i lang="en">be minded</i> <a href= -"#a104.33">104(33)</a>.<br> -àalalahánin <i lang="en">will be minded</i> <a href= -"#a243.34">243(34)</a>.<br> -inàalaála <i lang="en">is being remembered</i> <a href= -"#a243.32">243(32)</a>.<br> -naalaála <i lang="en">was remembered</i> <a href= -"#a202.36">202(36)</a>.<br> -nàalaála <i lang="en">was recalled</i> <a href= -"#a30.16">30(16)</a>. <a href="#a72.23">72(23)</a>. <a href= -"#a100.13">100(13)</a>.<br> -nààalaála <i lang="en">is remembered</i>. -màalaála <i lang="en">be recalled</i> <a href= -"#a86.3">86(3)</a>.<br> -paalaála <i lang="en">caused to be given as a souvenir</i> -<a href="#a299.8">299(8)</a>.<br> -pagpapaalaála <i lang="en">a causing to be remembered</i> -<a href="#a292.22">292(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-alágaʾ: nagàalágaʾ -<i lang="en">is attending to</i> <a href="#a311.28">311(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alagàd <i lang="en">assistant</i> <a href= -"#a114.12">114(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aláhas (S.) <i lang="en">jewelry</i> <a href= -"#a102.24">102(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">álak <i lang="en">wine</i>, <i lang= -"en">liquor</i> <a href="#a221.6">221(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-alala <i lang="en">see</i> alaála.</p> -<p class="par">-álam (a) <i lang="en">know</i>: -màláman <i lang="en">be known</i> <a href= -"#a22.35">22(35)</a>. <a href="#a298.9">298(9)</a>.<br> -màlàláman <i lang="en">will be known</i> <a href= -"#a42.37">42(37)</a>.<br> -nàláman <i lang="en">was known</i> <a href= -"#a26.32">26(32)</a>.<br> -nàlàláman <i lang="en">is known</i> <a href= -"#a24.32">24(32)</a>.<br> -màpagaláman <i lang="en">be generally known</i> <a href= -"#a60.35">60(35)</a>.<br> -paálam <i lang="en">causing himself to be known (as leaving)</i> -<a href="#a183.17">183(17)</a>.<br> -ipinaálam <i lang="en">was caused to be known (as leaving)</i> -<a href="#a32.9">32(9)</a>. <a href="#a306.4">306(4)</a>.<br> -paaláman <i lang="en">be made known</i> <a href= -"#a308.3">308(3)</a>.<br> -paàaláman <i lang="en">will be made known</i> <a href= -"#a42.35">42(35)</a>.<br> -napaálam <i lang="en">caused himself to be known (as -leaving)</i> <a href="#a54.12">54(12)</a><br> -—(b) <i lang="en">with accent-shift</i>: alàm <i lang= -"en">known</i> <a href="#a300.32">300(32)</a>.<br> -makialàm <i lang="en">interfere</i> <a href= -"#a58.42">58(42)</a>. <a href="#a264.18">264(18)</a>.<br> -pinakialamàn <i lang="en">was looked after</i> <a href= -"#a265.32">265(32)</a>. <a href="#a290.32">290(32)</a>.<br> -kaalàm <i lang="en">accomplice</i> <a href="#a267.1">267(1)</a> -<i lang="en">and Corrigenda</i>.<br> -nakààalàm <i lang="en">knows</i> <a href= -"#a42.14">42(14)</a>.<br> -pagkáalàm <i lang="en">a knowing</i> <a href= -"#a82.9">82(9)</a>. <a href="#a272.6">272(6)</a>.<br> -nàalamàn <i lang="en">got known</i> <a href= -"#a118.1">118(1)</a>. <a href="#a298.14">298(14)</a>.<br> -màpagalamàn <i lang="en">get generally known</i> <a href= -"#a118.42">118(42)</a>. <a href="#a298.24">298(24)</a>.<br> -ipaalàm <i lang="en">be given out to be known</i> <a href= -"#a307.3">307(3)</a>.<br> -ipinaalàm <i lang="en">was given out to be known</i> <a href= -"#a307.4">307(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alasìŋko S. <i lang="en">five -o’clock</i> <a href="#a180.7">180(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alasès S. <i lang="en">six o’clock</i> -<a href="#a122.6">122(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alaskuwátro S. <i lang="en">four -o’clock</i> 172 (42).<br> -magàalaskuwátro <i lang="en">will be four -o’clock</i> <a href="#a66.34">66(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alastrès S. <i lang="en">three o’clock</i> -<a href="#a66.32">66(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">álat <i lang="en">salty</i> <a href= -"#a218.37">218(37)</a>.<br> -kaálat kayálat <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb331" href= -"#pb331" name="pb331">331</a>]</span><i lang="en">what saltiness</i> -<a href="#a267.34">267(34)</a>.<br> -kaalátan <i lang="en">saltiness</i> <a href= -"#a267.27">267(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-álay: iniyálay <i lang="en">was -offered</i> <a href="#a16.5">16(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áli <i lang="en">aunt</i>, <i lang="en">madam</i> -<a href="#a118.14">118(14)</a>. <a href="#a151.36">151(36)</a>. -<a href="#p59"><b>59</b></a>. <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.<br> -magáli <i lang="en">aunt and niece or nephew</i> <a href= -"#a242.1">242(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alikabòk <i lang="en">dust</i> <a href= -"#a245.26">245(26)</a>.<br> -maalikabòk <i lang="en">dusty</i> <a href= -"#a289.1">289(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alílaʾ <i lang="en">servant</i>, <i lang= -"en">domesticated</i> <a href="#a54.7">54(7)</a>. <a href= -"#a62.32">62(32)</a>.<br> -aliláin <i lang="en">be domesticated</i> <a href= -"#a106.40">106(40)</a>.<br> -pagkàpaalílaʾ <i lang="en">a making a servant of -oneself</i> <a href="#a104.2">104(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alìn <i lang="en">which?</i> <a href= -"#a22.37">22(37)</a>. 48(18.25.36). <a href="#p97"><b>97</b></a>.<br> -alìn-alìn <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#p97"><b>97</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">alintána <i lang="en">in spite</i> <a href= -"#p277"><b>277</b></a>.<br> -inalintána <i lang="en">was paid attention to</i> <a href= -"#a88.29">88(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alípin <i lang="en">slave</i> <a href= -"#a90.36">90(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-alipustàʾ: alipustaìn <i lang= -"en">be mistreated</i> <a href="#a72.39">72(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alìs <i lang="en">go away</i> <a href= -"#a192.36">192(36)</a>.<br> -umalìs <i lang="en">go away</i> <a href="#a52.22">52(22)</a>. -<i lang="en">went away</i> <a href="#a20.36">20(36)</a>.<br> -áalìs <i lang="en">will go away</i> <a href= -"#a192.2">192(2)</a>.<br> -pagalìs <i lang="en">a going away</i> <a href= -"#a108.22">108(22)</a>.<br> -nagsísialìs <i lang="en">are going away</i> <a href= -"#a114.27">114(27)</a>.<br> -naŋagsialìs <i lang="en">went away<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e67613" title="Not in source">,</span> pl.</i> <a href= -"#a120.39">120(39)</a>.<br> -inalìs <i lang="en">was removed</i> <a href= -"#a30.10">30(10)</a>.<br> -iniyalìs <i lang="en">was removed</i> <a href= -"#a248.6">248(6)</a>.<br> -alisàn <i lang="en">be removed from</i> <a href= -"#a250.33">250(33)</a>.<br> -àlísan <i lang="en">a going away together</i> <a href= -"#a257.23">257(23)</a>.<br> -nagàlísan <i lang="en">went away together</i> <a href= -"#a236.14">236(14)</a>.<br> -nagààlísan <i lang="en">are going away -together</i> <a href="#a96.15">96(15)</a>.<br> -ikinaalìs <i lang="en">was the cause of going away</i> <a href= -"#a271.41">271(41)</a>.<br> -makaalìs <i lang="en">be able to go away</i> <a href= -"#a78.11">78(11)</a>.<br> -makaáalìs <i lang="en">will be able to go away</i> -<a href="#a42.38">42(38)</a>. <a href="#a281.25">281(25)</a>.<br> -nakaalìs <i lang="en">has gone away</i> <a href= -"#a282.21">282(21)</a>.<br> -pagkaalìs <i lang="en">a having gone away</i> <a href= -"#a80.3">80(3)</a>.<br> -mààalìs <i lang="en">will be removed</i> <a href= -"#a96.34">96(34)</a>.<br> -papaalìs <i lang="en">going away</i> <a href= -"#a300.39">300(39)</a>.<br> -pinaalìs <i lang="en">was caused to go away</i> <a href= -"#a32.34">32(34)</a>.<br> -pinaáalìs <i lang="en">is being caused to go away</i> -<a href="#a64.23">64(23)</a>.<br> -ipinaalìs <i lang="en">was caused to be removed</i> <a href= -"#a70.4">70(4)</a>. <a href="#a306.5">306(5)</a>.<br> -mapaalìs <i lang="en">be able to be caused to go away</i> -<a href="#a122.21">122(21)</a>.<br> -ikinápaalìs <i lang="en">was the cause of ordering to go -away</i> <a href="#a310.5">310(5)</a>.<br> -ikinàpàpaalìs <i lang="en">is the cause of -ordering to go away</i> <a href="#a310.8">310(8)</a>.<br> -tagaalìs <i lang="en">remover</i> <a href= -"#a315.33">315(33)</a>.<br> -tagapagpaalìs <i lang="en">head remover</i> <a href= -"#a316.1">316(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">alitaptap <i lang="en">firefly</i> <a href= -"#a40.15">40(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Alfònso S. n. <a href="#a309.6">309(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-alsà S.: pagaalsà <i lang="en">a -raising</i> <a href="#a70.2">70(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">altàr S. <i lang="en">altar</i> <a href= -"#a96.17">96(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aluwági (S.) <i lang="en">carpenter</i> <a href= -"#a56.35">56(35)</a>.<br> -pagaaluwági <i lang="en">carpentry</i> <a href= -"#a58.2">58(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">amà <i lang="en">father</i> <a href= -"#a30.26">30(26)</a>. <a href="#p59"><b>59</b></a>.<br> -magamà <i lang="en">father and child</i> <a href= -"#a242.2">242(2)</a>.<br> -magaamà <i lang="en">father and children</i> <a href= -"#a242.27">242(27)</a>.<br> -amaìn <i lang="en">uncle</i> <a href="#a247.26">247(26)</a>.<br> -magamaìn <i lang="en">uncle and nephew or niece</i> <a href= -"#a242.25">242(25)</a>.<br> -ináamà <i lang="en">godfather</i> <a href= -"#a247.17">247(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ámin <i lang="en">prep. and loc. of</i> -kamì: <i lang="en">our</i>, <i lang="en">us</i>, <i lang="en">by -us</i> excl. <a href="#p165"><b>165</b></a>. <a href= -"#p169"><b>169</b></a>.<br> -námin disj. <i lang="en">of us</i>, <i lang="en">by us</i> -<a href="#p163"><b>163</b></a>.<br> -umámin <i lang="en">confessed</i> <a href= -"#a226.28">226(28)</a>.<br> -àamínin <i lang="en">will be owned up to</i> <a href= -"#a243.36">243(36)</a>.<br> -inàámin <i lang="en">is being owned up to</i> <a href= -"#a243.35">243(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amérika S. <i lang="en">America</i> <a href= -"#a189.29">189(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">amerikána S. <i lang="en">European coat</i> -<a href="#a281.5">281(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Amerikáno S. <i lang="en">American</i> <a href= -"#a56.30">56(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ampàt: maampàt <i lang="en">be able to be -stopped</i> <a href="#a46.8">46(8)</a>. <a href= -"#a259.30">259(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ámoʾ (S. ?): inámoʾ <i lang= -"en">was caressed</i> <a href="#a84.32">84(32)</a><span class="corr" -id="xd21e68009" title="Not in source">.</span><br> -inamù-amòʾ <i lang="en">was repeatedly caressed</i> -<a href="#a86.4">86(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ámoŋ (S.) <i lang="en">sir</i>, <i lang= -"en">Father</i> <a href="#a20.37">20(37)</a>. <a href= -"#a50.40">50(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ámot <i lang="en">sell, of other than -professional merchant</i>: umámot <i lang="en">sold</i> <a href= -"#a226.30">226(30)</a>.<br> -inamútan <i lang="en">was sold to</i> <a href= -"#a246.41">246(41)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb332" href= -"#pb332" name="pb332">332</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">an <i lang="en">see</i> anò.</p> -<p class="par">-ának: magának <i lang="en">family</i> -<a href="#a165.17">165(17)</a>. <a href="#a242.17">242(17)</a>.<br> -kamagának <i lang="en">relative</i> <a href= -"#a54.22">54(22)</a>. <a href="#a266.34">266(34)</a>.<br> -kamaganákan <i lang="en">clan</i> <a href= -"#a112.26">112(26)</a>. <a href="#a277.14">277(14)</a>.<br> -aŋkàn <i lang="en">one’s family</i> <a href= -"#a112.19">112(19)</a>. <a href="#a260.39">260(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">anàk <i lang="en">son</i>, <i lang= -"en">daughter</i> <a href="#a30.25">30(25)</a>.<br> -paŋanàk <i lang="en">infant</i> <a href= -"#a54.6">54(6)</a>.<br> -kapaŋànákan <i lang="en">birth</i>, <i lang= -"en">birthday</i> <a href="#a275.43">275(43)</a>.<br> -paŋaŋanàk <i lang="en">a giving birth</i> <a href= -"#a220.24">220(24)</a>.<br> -naipaŋáŋanàk <i lang="en">has just been -born</i> <a href="#a36.16">36(16)</a>. <a href= -"#a288.4">288(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Andrès S. <i>n.</i> <a href= -"#a26.30">26(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Andòy S. <i>short-n.</i> <a href= -"#a208.1">208(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áni <i lang="en">harvest</i> <a href= -"#a191.32">191(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ánib: paŋánib <i lang= -"en">danger</i> <a href="#a46.15">46(15)</a>.<br> -mapaŋánib <i lang="en">dangerous</i> <a href= -"#a289.21">289(21)</a>.<br> -umánib <i lang="en">make one’s sleeping-mat overlap</i> -<a href="#a226.30">226(30)</a>.<br> -iyánib <i lang="en">be made to overlap</i> <a href= -"#a248.7">248(7)</a>.<br> -magkaánib <i lang="en">overlapping each other</i> <a href= -"#a269.38">269(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ánim <i lang="en">six</i> <a href= -"#a52.44">52(44)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>.<br> -paŋánim <i lang="en">number six</i> <a href= -"#a225.38">225(38)</a>.<br> -ikaánim ikánim <i lang="en">sixth</i> <a href= -"#a273.17">273(17)</a>.<br> -makàánim <i lang="en">six times</i> <a href= -"#a298.32">298(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-anínaw: inanínaw <i lang="en">was -scrutinized</i> <a href="#a66.19">66(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aniyáya <i lang="en">invitation</i> <a href= -"#a219.28">219(28)</a>.<br> -inaniyáhan <i lang="en">was invited</i> <a href= -"#a250.34">250(34)</a>.<br> -inàaniyáhan <i lang="en">is being invited</i> <a href= -"#a203.26">203(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aniyòʾ <i lang="en">aspect</i> <a href= -"#a20.12">20(12)</a>.<br> -nagáaniyòʾ <i lang="en">is behaving</i> <a href= -"#a40.40">40(40)</a>.<br> -pagaaniyòʾ <i lang="en">behavior</i> <a href= -"#a108.33">108(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">antimáno S. <i lang="en">beforehand</i> <a href= -"#a20.39">20(39)</a>. <a href="#p262.1"><b>262</b>(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">antòk <i lang="en">sleepiness</i> <a href= -"#a84.14">84(14)</a>.<br> -nagáantòk <i lang="en">is sleepy</i> <a href= -"#a231.42">231(42)</a>.<br> -nakapagáantòk <i lang="en">causes to get sleepy</i> -<a href="#a108.8">108(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">anò, an <i lang="en">what?</i> <i lang="en">what -kind of?</i> <a href="#a18.6">18(6)</a>. <a href="#a22.21">22(21)</a>. -<a href="#p97"><b>97</b></a>. <a href="#p179"><b>179</b></a>. <a href= -"#p190"><b>190</b></a>. <a href="#p264"><b>264</b></a>.<br> -anò-anò <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a114.16">114(16)</a>. <a href="#p97"><b>97</b></a>.<br> -naŋanò <i lang="en">did what?</i> <a href= -"#a239.29">239(29)</a>.<br> -páno <i lang="en">how?</i> <a href="#a155.21">155(21)</a>. -<a href="#a300.8">300(8)</a>.<br> -papáno <i lang="en">how?</i> <a href="#a18.11">18(11)</a>. -<a href="#a301.1">301(1)</a>.<br> -gaáno gáno <i lang="en">how great?</i> <a href= -"#a28.2">28(2)</a>. <a href="#a316.28">316(28)</a>. <a href= -"#p190"><b>190</b></a>. <a href="#p247"><b>247</b></a>. <i lang= -"en">See also</i> saàn.</p> -<p class="par">anúnas S. <i lang="en">custard-apple</i>, -<i lang="la">Anona reticulata L.</i> <a href="#a76.19">76(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ánoŋ S. <i lang="en">short-n.</i> <a href= -"#a286.38">286(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aŋ <i lang="en">the</i>, <i lang="en">a</i> -<a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <b><a href="#p61">61</a>–<a href= -"#p71">71</a>.</b> <a href="#p75"><b>75</b></a>. <a href= -"#p78"><b>78</b></a>. <a href="#p108"><b>108</b></a>. <a href= -"#p109"><b>109</b></a>. <a href="#p115"><b>115</b></a>. <a href= -"#p116"><b>116</b></a>. <a href="#p119"><b>119</b></a>. <a href= -"#p126"><b>126</b></a>. <b><a href="#p130">130</a>–<a href= -"#p133">133</a>.</b> <a href="#p161"><b>161</b></a>. <a href= -"#p168"><b>168</b></a>. <a href="#p196"><b>196</b></a>. <a href= -"#p246"><b>246</b></a>. <a href="#p248"><b>248</b></a>. <a href= -"#p253"><b>253</b></a>.<br> -naŋ disj. <i lang="en">the</i>, <i lang="en">a</i>, <i lang= -"en">of the</i>, <i lang="en">by the</i>; <i lang="en">when</i> -<a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href="#p119"><b>119</b></a>. -<b>116–194.</b> <a href="#p253"><b>253</b></a>. <a href= -"#p317.2"><b>317</b>(2)</a>. <a href="#p340"><b>340</b></a>. <a href= -"#p341.3d"><b>341 (3,d)</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-aŋk <i lang="en">see</i> -ának.</p> -<p class="par">aŋkìn <i lang="en">appropriated</i> <a href= -"#a60.20">60(20)</a>.<br> -umaŋkìn <i lang="en">appropriate</i> <a href= -"#a226.32">226(32)</a>.<br> -aŋkinìn <i lang="en">be appropriated</i> <a href= -"#a62.6">62(6)</a>. <a href="#a243.39">243(39)</a>.<br> -inaŋkìn <i lang="en">was appropriated</i> <a href= -"#a16.8">16(8)</a>.<br> -ináaŋkìn <i lang="en">is being appropriated</i> -<a href="#a243.37">243(37)</a>.<br> -máaŋkìn <i lang="en">get appropriated</i> <a href= -"#a308.20">308(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ápat <i lang="en">four</i> <a href= -"#a24.37">24(37)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>.<br> -àápat <i lang="en">only four</i> <a href= -"#a116.16">116(16)</a>.<br> -ápat-ápat <i lang="en">four at a time</i> <a href= -"#a223.41">223(41)</a>.<br> -paŋápat <i lang="en">number four</i> <a href= -"#a225.36">225(36)</a>.<br> -ikaápat ikápat <i lang="en">fourth</i> <a href= -"#a82.16">82(16)</a>.<br> -makàápat makàípat <i lang="en">four -times</i> <a href="#a298.36">298(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Áfrika S. <i lang="en">Africa</i> <a href= -"#a189.4">189(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-apt <i lang="en">see</i> atìp.</p> -<p class="par">apòy <i lang="en">fire</i> <a href= -"#a22.6">22(6)</a>.<br> -inapuyàn <i lang="en">was inflamed</i> <a href= -"#a94.29">94(29)</a> <i lang="en">and Corrigenda</i>.</p> -<p class="par">áral <i lang="en">doctrine</i> <a href= -"#a140.31">140(31)</a>. <a href="#a223.23">223(23)</a>.<br> -umáral <i lang="en">arch. teach morals</i> <a href= -"#a233.22">233(22)</a>.<br> -magáral <i lang="en">study</i> <a href="#a18.7">18(7)</a>. -<a href="#a209.13">209(13)</a>.<br> -magàáral <i lang="en">will study</i> <a href= -"#a217.28">217(28)</a>.<br> -nagáral <i lang="en">studied</i> <a href="#a30.5">30(5)</a>.<br> -nagàáral <i lang="en">is studying</i> <a href= -"#a90.31">90(31)</a>. <a href="#a233.22">233(22)</a>.<br> -pagaáral <i lang="en">a studying</i> <a href= -"#a28.3">28(3)</a>.<br> -magsipagáral <i lang="en">study pl.</i> <a href= -"#a262.34">262(34)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipagáral <i lang="en">are studying</i> <a href= -"#a38.5">38(5)</a>.<br> -arálan <i lang="en">be taught morals</i> <a href= -"#a250.36">250(36)</a>.<br> -aralàn <i lang="en">study-room</i> <a href= -"#a238.6">238(6)</a>.<br> -pagarálan <i lang="en">be learned</i> <a href= -"#a168.1">168(1)</a>.<br> -pinagarálan <i lang="en">was studied</i> <a href= -"#a18.14">18(14)</a>.<br> -pinagàarálan <i lang="en">is <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb333" href="#pb333" name= -"pb333">333</a>]</span>being studied</i> <a href= -"#a255.4">255(4)</a>.<br> -makapagáral <i lang="en">be able to study</i> <a href= -"#a34.33">34(33)</a>.<br> -pinapagáral <i lang="en">was caused to study</i> <a href= -"#a305.19">305(19)</a>.<br> -ipapagáral <i lang="en">be used for causing to study</i> -<a href="#a88.11">88(11)</a>.<br> -pàaralàn <i lang="en">school</i> <a href= -"#a26.32">26(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aráro S. <i lang="en">plow</i> <a href= -"#a232.2">232(2)</a>.<br> -pagaaráro <i lang="en">a plowing</i> <a href= -"#a232.1">232(1)</a>.<br> -magaaráro <i lang="en">plowman</i> <a href= -"#a242.38">242(38)</a>.<br> -ararúhin <i lang="en">be plowed</i> <a href= -"#a243.40">243(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áraw <i lang="en">sun</i>, <i lang="en">day</i> -<a href="#a16.11">16(11)</a>. <a href="#a66.1">66(1)</a>. <i lang= -"en">See also</i> madalìʾ, kalahátiʾ.<br> -áraw-gabì <i lang="en">day and night</i> <a href= -"#a94.31">94(31)</a>. <a href="#p257"><b>257</b></a>. <a href= -"#p331"><b>331</b></a>.<br> -áraw-áraw <i lang="en">every day</i> <a href= -"#a58.7">58(7)</a>. <a href="#p331"><b>331</b></a>.<br> -kaarawàn <i lang="en">holiday</i> <a href= -"#a110.17">110(17)</a>.<br> -tagáraw <i lang="en">sunny season</i> <a href= -"#a34.27">34(27)</a>. <a href="#a315.29">315(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">arày <i lang="en">ouch</i> <a href= -"#a151.15">151(15)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e69031" title= -"Not in source">.</span></p> -<p class="par">áriʾ <i lang="en">that owned</i> <a href= -"#a42.2">42(2)</a>. <a href="#a220.22">220(22)</a>. <i lang="en">See -also</i> máy.<br> -nagàáriʾ <i lang="en">owns</i> <a href= -"#a40.17">40(17)</a>.<br> -pagaáriʾ <i lang="en">possession</i> <a href= -"#a62.24">62(24)</a>. <a href="#a102.31">102(31)</a>.<br> -maáriʾ <i lang="en">be possible</i> <a href= -"#a168.18">168(18)</a>.<br> -maàáriʾ <i lang="en">will be possible</i> <a href= -"#a16.27">16(27)</a>. <a href="#a46.12">46(12)</a>.<br> -naáriʾ <i lang="en">was owned</i>, <i lang="en">became -possible</i> <a href="#a104.12">104(12)</a>. <a href= -"#a285.29">285(29)</a>.<br> -naàáriʾ <i lang="en">is possible</i> <a href= -"#a152.18">152(18)</a>.<br> -pagkaáriʾ <i lang="en">possibility</i> <a href= -"#a80.30">80(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aritmétika S. <i lang="en">arithmetic</i> -<a href="#a82.1">82(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">àrmas armàs S. <i lang="en">arms</i> -<a href="#a106.26">106(26)</a>. <a href="#a235.4">235(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">arsubìspo S. <i lang="en">archbishop</i> <a href= -"#a96.10">96(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">artísta S. <i lang="en">artist</i> <a href= -"#a90.10">90(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ása <i lang="en">expectation</i> <a href= -"#a72.7">72(7)</a>. <a href="#a209.24">209(24)</a>.<br> -pagása <i lang="en">hope</i> <a href="#a56.19">56(19)</a>. -<a href="#a76.13">76(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ásal: inásal <i lang="en">conduct</i> -<a href="#a34.24">34(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">asanàʾ (S. ?) <i lang="en">a tree</i>, -<i lang="la">Pterocarpus Indicus Willd</i>. <a href= -"#a263.25">263(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">asáwa <i lang="en">husband</i>, <i lang= -"en">wife</i> <a href="#a30.39">30(39)</a>. <a href= -"#a34.5">34(5)</a>.<br> -magasáwa <i lang="en">take a wife</i> <a href= -"#a78.38">78(38)</a>. <i lang="en">married couple</i> <a href= -"#a30.25">30(25)</a>. <a href="#a242.4">242(4)</a>.<br> -magàasáwa <i lang="en">will take a wife</i> <a href= -"#a232.2">232(2)</a>.<br> -nagasáwa <i lang="en">took a wife</i> <a href= -"#a80.6">80(6)</a>.<br> -pagaasáwa <i lang="en">the taking a husband or wife</i> <a href= -"#a80.27">80(27)</a>. <a href="#a92.9">92(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ásim <i lang="en">sourness</i> <a href= -"#a297.10">297(10)</a>.<br> -maásim <i lang="en">sour</i> <a href="#a289.1">289(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">asìn <i lang="en">salt</i> <a href= -"#a30.11">30(11)</a>.<br> -asnàn <i lang="en">be salted</i> <a href= -"#a250.37">250(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">aspilè S. <i lang="en">pin</i> 260(7.21).</p> -<p class="par">áso <i lang="en">dog</i> <a href= -"#a18.8">18(8)</a>.<br> -inàáso <i lang="en">is being chased</i> <a href= -"#a243.41">243(41)</a>.<br> -naáso <i lang="en">has been chased</i> <a href= -"#a284.9">284(9)</a>.<br> -nàáso <i lang="en">got chased</i> <a href= -"#a292.42">292(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">asò <i lang="en">smoke</i> <a href= -"#a64.33">64(33)</a>.<br> -asuhàn <i lang="en">chimney</i> <a href="#a261.10">261(10)</a> -<i lang="en">and Corrigenda</i>.<br> -pinaasuhàn <i lang="en">was smoked</i> <a href= -"#a308.4">308(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">asúkal S. <i lang="en">sugar</i> <a href= -"#a198.31">198(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">asùl S. <i lang="en">blue</i> <a href= -"#a122.2">122(2)</a>.<br> -kayasùl <i lang="en">what blueness</i> <a href= -"#a267.35">267(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">asuwàŋ <i lang="en">vampire</i> <a href= -"#a34.30">34(30)</a>.<br> -magasuwàŋ-asuwáŋan <i lang="en">play -vampire</i> <a href="#a237.9">237(9)</a>.<br> -magàasuwàŋ-asuwáŋan <i lang="en">will -play vampire</i> <a href="#a237.7">237(7)</a>.<br> -nagasuwàŋ-asuwáŋan <i lang="en">played -vampire</i> <a href="#a34.26">34(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">at t <i lang="en">and</i>; <i lang="en">for</i>, -<i lang="en">that</i>, <i lang="en">though</i> <a href= -"#p15"><b>15</b></a>. <a href="#p20"><b>20</b></a>. <a href= -"#p37"><b>37</b></a>. <a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href= -"#p49"><b>49</b></a>. <a href="#p213"><b>213</b></a>. <a href= -"#p289"><b>289</b></a>. <a href="#p306"><b>306</b></a>. <a href= -"#p312"><b>312</b></a>. <a href="#p317"><b>317</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">átas <i lang="en">that prompted</i> <a href= -"#a98.33">98(33)</a>.<br> -iniyátas <i lang="en">was enjoined</i> <a href= -"#a54.42">54(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ataòl S. <i lang="en">coffin</i> <a href= -"#a116.1">116(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">atè (C.) <i lang="en">oldest sister</i> <a href= -"#p59"><b>59</b></a>. <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.<br> -magatè <i lang="en">oldest sister with brother or sister</i> -<a href="#a242.5">242(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">átin <i lang="en">prep. and loc. of</i> -táyo: <i lang="en">our</i>, <i lang="en">us</i>, <i lang="en">by -us</i>, <i lang="en">incl.</i> <a href="#p165"><b>165</b></a>. <a href= -"#p169"><b>169</b></a>.<br> -nátin <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">of us</i>, <i lang= -"en">by us</i> <a href="#p163"><b>163</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">atìp <i lang="en">roofing</i> <a href= -"#a118.27">118(27)</a>.<br> -paŋatìp <i lang="en">shingle</i> <a href= -"#a224.40">224(40)</a>.<br> -aptàn <i lang="en">be roofed</i> <a href= -"#a250.38">250(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">átis <i lang="en">custard-apple</i>, <i lang= -"la">Anona squamosa L.</i> <a href="#a76.20">76(20)</a>.<br> -atísan <i lang="en">grove of</i> átis <i lang= -"en">trees</i> <a href="#a261.10">261(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">atsára <i lang="en">sour preserves</i> <a href= -"#a163.17">163(17)</a>. <a href="#a299.11">299(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áwaʾ (a) <i lang="en">pity</i> <a href= -"#a46.22">46(22)</a>.<br> -kàwáwaʾ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb334" href= -"#pb334" name="pb334">334</a>]</span><i lang="en">piteous</i> <a href= -"#a80.12">80(12)</a>. <a href="#a267.29">267(29)</a>.<br> -ikinaáwaʾ <i lang="en">was the cause of pitying</i> -<a href="#a272.1">272(1)</a>.<br> -naáwaʾ <i lang="en">pitied</i> <a href= -"#a285.16">285(16)</a>.<br> -pagkaáwaʾ <i lang="en">a pitying</i> <a href= -"#a285.40">285(40)</a>.<br> -nagmàmakaáwaʾ <i lang="en">is calling forth pity</i> -<a href="#a44.11">44(11)</a>. <a href="#a288.36">288(36)</a>.<br> -(b) <i lang="en">accent shifted</i>: awàʾ <i lang= -"en">overcome by pity</i> <a href="#a222.17">222(17)</a>.<br> -kaawaàn <i lang="en">be the object of pity</i> <a href= -"#a182.39">182(39)</a>.<br> -kinaàawaàn <i lang="en">is the object of pity</i> -<a href="#a275.1">275(1)</a>.<br> -nawàʾ <i lang="en">pray</i> <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. -<a href="#p225"><b>225</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-áway: nagàáway <i lang="en">is -fighting</i> <a href="#a232.4">232(4)</a>.<br> -pagaáway <i lang="en">a fighting</i> <a href= -"#a306.18">306(18)</a>.<br> -nakipagáway <i lang="en">fought along</i> <a href= -"#a264.24">264(24)</a>.<br> -nakìkipagáway <i lang="en">fights along</i> <a href= -"#a264.21">264(21)</a>.<br> -kaáway <i lang="en">enemy</i> <a href="#a18.11">18(11)</a>.<br> -kaàáway <i lang="en">there has just been quarreling</i> -<a href="#a267.12">267(12)</a>.<br> -mapagawày <i lang="en">quarrelsome</i> <a href= -"#a186.33">186(33)</a>.<br> -màpagáway <i lang="en">be matched</i> <a href= -"#a297.10">297(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áwit <i lang="en">song</i> <a href= -"#a280.39">280(39)</a>.<br> -awítan <i lang="en">be sung to</i> <a href= -"#a250.38">250(38)</a>.<br> -magàwítan <i lang="en">sing together</i> <a href= -"#a183.11">183(11)</a>.<br> -nagààwítan <i lang="en">are singing together</i> -<a href="#a236.27">236(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ay y <i lang="en">is</i>; <i lang="en">then</i> <a href= -"#p15"><b>15</b></a>. <a href="#p20"><b>20</b></a>. <a href= -"#p37"><b>37</b></a>. <a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href= -"#p49"><b>49</b></a>. <a href="#p89"><b>89</b></a>. <a href= -"#p119"><b>119</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">áyap <i lang="en">condiment</i> <a href= -"#a244.2">244(2)</a> <i lang="en">and Corrigenda</i>.<br> -naŋáyap <i lang="en">ate relishes</i> <a href= -"#a239.31">239(31)</a>.<br> -ináyap <i lang="en">was used as a condiment</i> <a href= -"#a244.1">244(1)</a>.<br> -paáyap <i lang="en">given to be used as a condiment</i> <a href= -"#a299.12">299(12)</a>.<br> -nagpaáyap <i lang="en">served a relish</i> <a href= -"#a302.28">302(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áyaw (a) <i lang="en">not desired</i> 30(5.37). -<a href="#a40.30">40(30)</a>. <a href="#p239"><b>239</b></a>. <a href= -"#p267"><b>267</b></a>.<br> -pagáyaw <i lang="en">unwillingness</i> <a href= -"#a226.32">226(32)</a>.<br> -(b) <i lang="en">accent shifted</i>: umayàw <i lang= -"en">refused</i>, <i lang="en">left the table</i> <a href= -"#a231.12">231(12)</a>.<br> -pagayàw <i lang="en">refusal</i> <a href="#a94.17">94(17)</a>. -<a href="#a231.9">231(9)</a>.<br> -nakaayàw <i lang="en">has left the table</i> <a href= -"#a286.25">286(25)</a>.<br> -pagkáayàw <i lang="en">dislike</i> <a href= -"#a70.13">70(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áyon <i lang="en">according to</i> <a href= -"#a40.3">40(3)</a>. <a href="#p278"><b>278</b></a>.<br> -umáyon <i lang="en">agreed</i> <a href="#a30.4">30(4)</a>.<br> -nakaáyon <i lang="en">has come to be in accordance</i> <a href= -"#a281.3">281(3)</a>.<br> -paayòn <i lang="en">conforming</i> <a href= -"#a300.13">300(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">áyos <i lang="en">formation</i> 48(4.15) <a href= -"#a90.11">90(11)</a>.<br> -mapagáyos <i lang="en">be able to be straightened</i> <a href= -"#a287.6">287(6)</a>.<br> -mapàpagáyos <i lang="en">will be able to be put into -shape</i> <a href="#a287.7">287(7)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e70033" class="main">B(V)</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">bà <i lang="en">interrogative particle</i> -<a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p215"><b>215</b></a>. <a href= -"#p223"><b>223</b></a>. <a href="#p229"><b>229</b></a>. <a href= -"#p299"><b>299</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bábaʾ (a) bumábaʾ <i lang= -"en">became low</i> <a href="#a226.35">226(35)</a>.<br> -kababáan <i lang="en">lowness</i>, <i lang="en">south</i> -<a href="#a62.15">62(15)</a>. <a href="#a163.26">163(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a241.19">241(19)</a>.<br> -mabábaʾ <i lang="en">low</i>, <i lang="en">humble</i> -<a href="#a104.27">104(27)</a>. <a href="#a289.2">289(2)</a>.<br> -(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: babàʾ <i lang= -"en">low</i>; <i lang="en">come down</i> <a href="#a223.16">223(16)</a> -<i lang="en">and see</i> pákoʾ.<br> -bumabàʾ <i lang="en">descended</i> <a href= -"#a36.35">36(35)</a>.<br> -ibabàʾ <i lang="en">south</i> <a href="#a56.24">56(24)</a>. -<a href="#a163.26">163(26)</a>. <i lang="en">See also</i> -bandà.</p> -<p class="par">-bábag: bàbábag <i lang="en">will -fight</i> <a href="#a226.37">226(37)</a>.<br> -nagbábabàg <i lang="en">are fighting each other</i> -<a href="#a237.25">237(25)</a>.<br> -pagbababàg <i lang="en">a fighting together</i> <a href= -"#a252.14">252(14)</a>.<br> -nakipagbabàg <i lang="en">fought along</i> <a href= -"#a264.37">264(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bábaw: bumábaw <i lang="en">became -shallow</i> <a href="#a258.40">258(40)</a>.<br> -ibábaw <i lang="en">top surface</i> <a href= -"#a66.28">66(28)</a>.<br> -kababáwan <i lang="en">shallowness</i> <a href= -"#a88.30">88(30)</a>.<br> -mabábaw <a href="#a88.26">88(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a220.8">220(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">babáyi babái <i lang="en">female</i>, -<i lang="en">woman</i> <a href="#a30.32">30(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a163.13">163(13)</a>. nagbabá-babayíhan <i lang= -"en">played woman</i> <a href="#a237.14">237(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báboy <i lang="en">pig</i> <a href= -"#a36.13">36(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-badiyà: náibadiyà <i lang="en">got -spread abroad</i> <a href="#a24.33">24(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bagà <i lang="en">really?</i> <a href= -"#a22.21">22(21)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p216"><b>216</b></a>. <a href="#p290"><b>290</b></a>. <a href= -"#p219"><b>219</b></a>. <a href="#p317.3"><b>317</b>(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bagábag: nabagábag <i lang="en">grew -uneasy</i> <a href="#a120.37">120(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bágal: mabágal <i lang="en">slow</i> -<a href="#a18.4">18(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bágay <i lang="en">thing</i>, <i lang= -"en">circumstance</i> <a href="#a28.1">28(1)</a>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb335" href="#pb335" name= -"pb335">335</a>]</span><a href="#a36.22">36(22)</a>.<br> -bágay-bágay <i lang="en">various things</i> <a href= -"#a116.33">116(33)</a>.<br> -ibinàbágay <i lang="en">is being adapted</i> <a href= -"#a248.9">248(9)</a>.<br> -nàbàbágay <i lang="en">is suitable</i> <a href= -"#a78.34">78(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bagiyò <i lang="en">hurricane</i> <a href= -"#a273.8">273(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bagsàk: ibinagsàk <i lang="en">was -dropped</i> <a href="#a271.24">271(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bagsìk: mabagsìk <i lang="en">violent</i> -<a href="#a42.3">42(3)</a>. <a href="#a44.30">44(30)</a>.<br> -mababagsìk <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a102.19">102(19)</a>.<br> -maghimagsìk <i lang="en">come to violence</i> <a href= -"#a314.27">314(27)</a>.<br> -naghimagsìk <i lang="en">came to violence</i> <a href= -"#a236.5">236(5)</a>.<br> -nagsipaghimagsìk <i lang="en">revolted</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a263.12">263(12)</a>.<br> -naŋhimagsìk <i lang="en">resorted to violence</i> <a href= -"#a241.18">241(18)</a>.<br> -nagsipaŋhimagsìk <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a263.30">263(30)</a>.<br> -hìmagsíkan <i lang="en">internal warfare</i> <a href= -"#a258.13">258(13)</a>. <a href="#a314.28">314(28)</a>.<br> -naghìmagsíkan <i lang="en">fought each other</i> <a href= -"#a236.23">236(23)</a>.<br> -nagsipaghìmagsíkan <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a263.13">263(13)</a>.<br> -paghihìmagsíkan <i lang="en">internal warfare</i> -<a href="#a52.42">52(42)</a>. <a href="#a116.12">116(12)</a>.<br> -paŋhihìmagsíkan <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a241.11">241(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bágo <i lang="en">new</i>; <i lang= -"en">before</i> <a href="#a18.37">18(37)</a>. <a href= -"#a36.32">36(32)</a>. <a href="#p291"><b>291</b></a>.<br> -kabàbágo <i lang="en">newly</i> <a href= -"#a54.6">54(6)</a>.<br> -nabàbágo <i lang="en">has been changed</i> <a href= -"#a64.35">64(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bahàʾ <i lang="en">flood</i> <a href= -"#a98.17">98(17)</a>. <a href="#a110.23">110(23)</a>.<br> -bumábahàʾ <i lang="en">there is a flood</i> <a href= -"#a110.19">110(19)</a>.<br> -pagbahàʾ <i lang="en">a flooding</i> <a href= -"#a110.21">110(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bahági <i lang="en">part</i> <a href= -"#a82.17">82(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bahagiyà <i lang="en">slight</i> <a href= -"#a201.21">201(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báhay (a) <i lang="en">house</i> <a href= -"#a34.21">34(21)</a>. <i lang="en">See also</i> kápit, -tánod.<br> -báhay-aklátan <i lang="en">library-building</i> <a href= -"#a210.11">210(11)</a>.<br> -báhay-bátaʾ <i lang="en">womb</i> <a href= -"#a210.23">210(23)</a>.<br> -báhay-gúyaʾ <i lang="en">womb of animal</i> <a href= -"#a210.24">210(24)</a>.<br> -báhay-pàhayagàn <i lang="en">newspaper-office</i> -<a href="#a210.25">210(25)</a>.<br> -báhay-pàmahaláan <i lang="en">government -building</i> <a href="#a292.21">292(21)</a>.<br> -Báhay-paníki <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a210.25">210(25)</a>.<br> -báhay-pintáhan <i lang="en">paint-house</i> <a href= -"#a210.26">210(26)</a>.<br> -báhay-saŋláan <i lang="en">pawnshop</i> <a href= -"#a252.22">252(22)</a>.<br> -báhay-tùlúyan <i lang="en">inn</i> <a href= -"#a112.38">112(38)</a>.<br> -bahày-bahày <i lang="en">various houses</i> <a href= -"#a52.15">52(15)</a>. <a href="#a110.36">110(36)</a>.<br> -magbáhay <i lang="en">build a house</i> <a href= -"#a232.5">232(5)</a>.<br> -pamamáhay <i lang="en">household</i> <a href= -"#a70.26">70(26)</a>.<br> -kabahayàn <i lang="en">house containing several dwellings</i> -<a href="#a120.3">120(3)</a>. <i lang="en">furnishings of a house</i> -<a href="#a276.5">276(5)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: bahày <i lang= -"en">tame</i>, <i lang="en">shy</i> <a href="#a222.19">222(19)</a>.<br> -nabábahày <i lang="en">is shy</i> <a href= -"#a286.29">286(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baìt <i lang="en">good conduct</i> <a href= -"#a165.1">165(1)</a>.<br> -kabàítan <i lang="en">kindness</i>, <i lang= -"en">virtue</i> <a href="#a74.41">74(41)</a>.<br> -mabaìt <i lang="en">well-behaved</i> <a href= -"#a84.11">84(11)</a>.<br> -mababaìt <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a34.35">34(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báka S. <i lang="en">cow</i> <a href= -"#a112.40">112(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bákal <i lang="en">iron</i> <a href= -"#a201.30">201(30)</a>. <a href="#a220.5">220(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bakàs <i lang="en">mark, in</i>: -bakàs-súgat <i lang="en">mark of a wound</i> <a href= -"#a46.6">46(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bakasiyòn S. <i lang="en">vacation</i> <a href= -"#a26.35">26(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bakìl: bakìl-bakìl <i lang= -"en">uneven</i> <a href="#a220.2">220(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bákit <i lang="en">why?</i> <a href= -"#a18.7">18(7)</a>. <a href="#p236"><b>236</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">bakiyàʾ <i lang="en">sandal</i> <a href= -"#a245.20">245(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bákod <i lang="en">fence</i> <a href= -"#a266.6">266(6)</a>.<br> -paŋbákod <i lang="en">used in making a fence</i> <a href= -"#a225.2">225(2)</a>.<br> -bakúran <i lang="en">be fenced in</i> <a href= -"#a250.40">250(40)</a>. <i lang="en">yard</i>, <i lang="en">grounds</i> -<a href="#a34.38">34(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bákol <i lang="en">open bamboo basket without -handle</i> <a href="#a74.5">74(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bála <i lang="en">any</i> <a href= -"#a186.18">186(18)</a>. <a href="#a271.22">271(22)</a>. <a href= -"#p66"><b>66</b></a>. <a href="#p132"><b>132</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">bála S. <i lang="en">bullet</i> <a href= -"#a52.36">52(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">balahíbo <i lang="en">fur</i> <a href= -"#a212.18">212(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baláe <i lang="en">person whose son or daughter -one’s daughter or son has married</i>; <i lang="en">old -friend</i> <a href="#a207.35">207(35)</a>. <a href= -"#a266.5">266(5)</a>.<br> -magbaláe <i lang="en">two people whose children have -intermarried</i> <a href="#a242.8">242(8)</a>. <a href= -"#a269.42">269(42)</a>.<br> -magbabaláe <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a240.28">240(28)</a>.<br> -kabaláe <i lang="en">one’s</i> baláe <a href= -"#a266.2">266(2)</a>.<br> -magkabaláe <i lang="en">two fellow</i> baláe <a href= -"#a269.40">269(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bálak <i lang="en">plan</i> <a href= -"#a287.11">287(11)</a>.<br> -binálak <i lang="en">was planned</i> <a href= -"#a18.34">18(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bálaŋ <i lang="en">locust</i> <a href= -"#a267.27">267(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">balàt <i lang="en">skin</i>, <i lang= -"en">shell</i> <a href="#a16.18">16(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a30.10">30(10)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb336" href= -"#pb336" name="pb336">336</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">báli S. <i lang="en">matter</i>, <i lang= -"en">harm</i> <a href="#a52.6">52(6)</a>. <a href= -"#a42.5">42(5)</a>.<br> -balatàn <i lang="en">be peeled</i> <a href= -"#a200.24">200(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báliʾ <i lang="en">break</i> <a href= -"#a219.29">219(29)</a>.<br> -ipinagkákabalèʾ <i lang="en">is the cause of -breaking in numbers</i> <a href="#a273.7">273(7)</a>.<br> -makabáleʾ <i lang="en">be able to break</i> <a href= -"#a281.26">281(26)</a>.<br> -nabáleʾ <i lang="en">was broken</i> <a href= -"#a284.32">284(32)</a>.<br> -nabàbáleʾ <i lang="en">is interrupted</i> <a href= -"#a104.4">104(4)</a>.<br> -mabalían <i lang="en">be broken in</i> <a href= -"#a70.18">70(18)</a>.<br> -nabalían <i lang="en">was broken in</i> <a href= -"#a62.27">62(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-balìk: bumalìk <i lang="en">come back</i> -<a href="#a66.17">66(17)</a>. <a href="#a233.17">233(17)</a>. <i lang= -"en">came back</i> <a href="#a20.40">20(40)</a>.<br> -bábalìk <i lang="en">will come back</i> <a href= -"#a32.27">32(27)</a>.<br> -bumábalìk <i lang="en">is coming back</i> <a href= -"#a66.24">66(24)</a>.<br> -magbalìk <i lang="en">come back to</i> <a href= -"#a233.18">233(18)</a>.<br> -nagbalìk <i lang="en">came back to</i> <a href= -"#a72.11">72(11)</a>. <a href="#a283.4">283(4)</a>.<br> -pagbalikàn <i lang="en">be come back to</i> <a href= -"#a255.5">255(5)</a>.<br> -pagbàbalikàn <i lang="en">will be come back to</i> -<a href="#a32.28">32(28)</a>. <a href="#a255.5">255(5)</a>.<br> -makabábalìk <i lang="en">will be able to go back</i> -<a href="#a56.31">56(31)</a>.<br> -pabalìk <i lang="en">going back</i> <a href= -"#a299.13">299(13.27.39)</a>.<br> -pagpapabalìk <i lang="en">a causing to go back</i> <a href= -"#a48.20">48(20)</a>.<br> -pinabalìk <i lang="en">was caused to go back</i> <a href= -"#a68.41">68(41)</a>.<br> -ipinabábalìk <i lang="en">is being sent back</i> <a href= -"#a48.7">48(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">balíkat <i lang="en">shoulder</i> <a href= -"#a48.19">48(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">balítaʾ <i lang="en">that reported</i>; -<i lang="en">famed</i> <a href="#a34.29">34(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a36.2">36(2)</a>.<br> -magbalítaʾ <i lang="en">relate</i> <a href= -"#a42.24">42(24)</a>.<br> -nagbalítaʾ <i lang="en">related</i> <a href= -"#a118.35">118(35)</a>.<br> -pamamalítaʾ <i lang="en">a relating of stories</i> <a href= -"#a102.12">102(12)</a>.<br> -ibalítaʾ <i lang="en">be reported</i> <a href= -"#a88.39">88(39)</a>.<br> -ibinalítaʾ <i lang="en">was reported</i> <a href= -"#a32.8">32(8)</a>.<br> -ipamalítaʾ <i lang="en">be related</i> <a href= -"#a275.18">275(18)</a>.<br> -ipinamalítaʾ <i lang="en">was related</i> <a href= -"#a22.27">22(27)</a>.<br> -binalitáan <i lang="en">was narrated to</i> <a href= -"#a250.42">250(42)</a>.<br> -pagbabàlitaàn <i lang="en">a reporting by many</i> -<a href="#a102.13">102(13)</a>.<br> -pinakibalitáan <i lang="en">was ascertained by report</i> -<a href="#a102.42">102(42)</a>. <a href="#a265.30">265(30)</a>.<br> -nàbalítaʾ <i lang="en">got related</i> <a href= -"#a46.18">46(18)</a>.<br> -nàbàbalítaʾ <i lang="en">gets related</i> -<a href="#a48.26">48(26)</a>.<br> -pagkàbalítaʾ <i lang="en">a getting narrated</i> -<a href="#a272.42">272(42)</a>.<br> -màbalitáan <i lang="en">be learned by report</i> <a href= -"#a56.18">56(18)</a>.<br> -nàbalitáan <i lang="en">was learned by report</i> -<a href="#a38.12">38(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Balíwag <i lang="en">place-n</i>. <a href= -"#a173.9">173(9)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> báyan, -daàn.</p> -<p class="par">balúbad <i lang="en">casoy</i>, <i lang= -"la">Anacardium occidentale L.</i> <a href="#a76.20">76(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baluktòt <i lang="en">crooked</i> <a href= -"#a218.38">218(38)</a>.<br> -balú-baluktòt <i lang="en">variously bent</i> <a href= -"#a290.33">290(33)</a>.<br> -bumaluktòt <i lang="en">bend</i>; <i lang="en">bent</i> <a href= -"#a226.39">226(39)</a>. <a href="#a233.25">233(25)</a>.<br> -magbaluktòt <i lang="en">bend in quantity</i> <a href= -"#a233.24">233(24)</a>.<br> -pagbabaluktòt <i lang="en">a bending</i> <a href= -"#a48.15">48(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">balòn <i lang="en">a well</i> <a href= -"#a24.37">24(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bálot: bumálot <i lang="en">roll up</i> -<a href="#a226.40">226(40)</a>. <a href="#a233.27">233(27)</a>.<br> -magbálot <i lang="en">roll up in quantity</i>; <i lang="en">wrap -oneself up</i> <a href="#a233.26">233(26)</a>.<br> -magbalòt <i lang="en">roll up variously</i> <a href= -"#a52.21">52(21)</a>.<br> -nagbalòt <i lang="en">rolled up variously</i> <a href= -"#a52.35">52(35)</a>.<br> -nagsipagbalòt <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a118.13">118(13)</a>.<br> -nabálot <i lang="en">has been wrapped up</i> <a href= -"#a284.10">284(10)</a>.<br> -nabàbálot <i lang="en">is wrapped up</i> <a href= -"#a36.39">36(39)</a>.<br> -nàbálot <i lang="en">got wrapped up</i> <a href= -"#a198.8">198(8)</a>. <a href="#a255.40">255(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bambò <i lang="en">club</i> <a href= -"#a70.17">70(17)</a>.<br> -paŋbambò <i lang="en">club for beating</i> <a href= -"#a225.2">225(2)</a>.<br> -naŋbábambò <i lang="en">is beating</i> <a href= -"#a239.32">239(32)</a>.<br> -bambuhìn <i lang="en">be beaten</i> <a href= -"#a70.29">70(29)</a>.<br> -binambò <i lang="en">was beaten</i> <a href= -"#a72.10">72(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-banàl: kabànálan <i lang="en">act -of piety</i> <a href="#a78.33">78(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">banáyad <i lang="en">gentle</i> <a href= -"#a48.17">48(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bànda S. <i lang="en">band</i>, <i lang= -"en">orchestra</i> <a href="#a48.31">48(31)</a>.<br> -bànda-ŋ-músika <i lang="en">band of music</i> -<a href="#a48.30">48(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bandà <i lang="en">direction</i> <a href= -"#a18.22">18(22)</a>.<br> -bandà ŋ ibabàʾ <i lang="en">south</i><br> -mábandà-ŋ-ibabàʾ <i lang="en">get turned -towards the south</i> <a href="#a296.21">296(21)</a>.<br> -bandà ŋ kaliwàʾ, kánan <i lang= -"en">see</i> dúlo.<br> -bandà ŋ kataasàn <i lang="en">north</i><br> -nàbàbandà-ŋ-kataasàn <i lang="en">is -turned toward the north</i> <a href="#a296.20">296(20)</a>.<br> -bandáhin <i lang="en">direction headed for</i> <a href= -"#a294.24">294(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bandílaʾ S. <i lang="en">flag</i> <a href= -"#a234.14">234(14)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb337" href= -"#pb337" name="pb337">337</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">banìg <i lang="en">sleeping-mat</i> <a href= -"#a62.35">62(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bantày <i lang="en">watcher</i> <a href= -"#a80.18">80(18)</a>.<br> -bantày-pálay <i lang="en">rice-guard</i> <a href= -"#a228.17">228(17)</a>.<br> -bantày-pintòʾ <i lang="en">door-keeper</i> <a href= -"#a78.31">78(31)</a>.<br> -magbantày <i lang="en">stand guard</i> <a href= -"#a38.14">38(14)</a>.<br> -pagbabantày <i lang="en">a guarding</i> <a href= -"#a36.18">36(18)</a>.<br> -bantayàn <i lang="en">be guarded</i> <a href= -"#a251.2">251(2)</a>.<br> -bantáyan <i lang="en">sentry-box</i> <a href= -"#a248.16">248(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bantòg <i lang="en">family-n.</i> <a href= -"#a165.17">165(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baŋàn <i lang="en">granary</i> <a href= -"#a270.33">270(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-baŋgìt: binaŋgìt <i lang= -"en">was mentioned</i> <a href="#a90.23">90(23)</a>.<br> -nábaŋgìt <i lang="en">got mentioned</i> <a href= -"#a50.11">50(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baŋkàʾ <i lang="en">canoe</i> <a href= -"#a20.3">20(3)</a>.<br> -mamaŋkàʾ <i lang="en">go boating</i> <a href= -"#a28.12">28(12)</a>.<br> -magsipamaŋkàʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a263.21">263(21)</a>.<br> -namámaŋkàʾ <i lang="en">is boating</i> <a href= -"#a20.2">20(2)</a>.<br> -nagsísipamaŋkàʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a98.17">98(17)</a>.<br> -pamamaŋkàʾ <i lang="en">a boating</i> <a href= -"#a239.32">239(32)</a>.<br> -pagbabaŋkáan <i lang="en">boating-party</i> <a href= -"#a112.13">112(13)</a>.<br> -baŋkéro <i lang="en">boatman</i> <a href= -"#a80.34">80(34)</a>. <a href="#a316.11">316(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baŋkày <i lang="en">corpse</i> <a href= -"#a46.30">46(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bàŋko S. <i lang="en">banking-house</i> -<a href="#a227.18">227(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baŋkòʾ S. <i lang="en">bench</i> -<a href="#a30.29">30(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-baŋòʾ: mabaŋòʾ -<i lang="en">fragrant</i> <a href="#a278.15">278(15)</a>.<br> -pabaŋòʾ <i lang="en">perfume</i> <a href= -"#a222.38">222(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-báŋon: nagbàbáŋon -<i lang="en">is getting up</i> <a href="#a70.36">70(36)</a>.<br> -kabàbáŋon <i lang="en">there has been getting up</i> -<a href="#a267.13">267(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bapòr S. <i lang="en">steamship</i> <a href= -"#a56.24">56(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-barà: barà-barà <i lang= -"en">unruly</i> <a href="#a273.37">273(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baráha S. <i lang="en">cards</i> <a href= -"#a173.3">173(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baráso S. <i lang="en">arm</i> <a href= -"#a138.31">138(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">barbéro S. <i lang="en">barber</i> <a href= -"#a24.35">24(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">barìl <i lang="en">gun</i> <a href= -"#a36.20">36(20)</a>.<br> -nagsipamarìl <i lang="en">went shooting</i>, <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a28.25">28(25)</a>.<br> -pamamarìl <i lang="en">a shooting</i> <a href= -"#a230.9">230(9)</a>.<br> -pinagbábarìl <i lang="en">is being shot</i> <a href= -"#a56.26">56(26)</a>.<br> -barìl-barílan <i lang="en">toy-gun</i> <a href= -"#a261.35">261(35)</a>. <a href="#a293.18">293(18)</a>.<br> -maipabarìl <i lang="en">be caused to be shot</i> <a href= -"#a52.23">52(23)</a>. <a href="#a312.9">312(9)</a>.<br> -nábarìl <i lang="en">got shot</i> <a href= -"#a56.29">56(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báriyo S. <i lang="en">district of a town</i> -<a href="#a70.11">70(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bároʾ <i lang="en">blouse</i> <a href= -"#a205.20">205(20)</a>.<br> -magbaròʾ <i lang="en">put on one’s clothes</i> -<a href="#a237.26">237(26)</a>.<br> -pamamároʾ <i lang="en">clothing</i> <a href= -"#a110.33">110(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bása: pagbása <i lang="en">reading</i> -<a href="#a227.3">227(3)</a>.<br> -binása <i lang="en">was read</i> <a href= -"#a299.18">299(18)</a>.<br> -binàbása <i lang="en">is being read</i> <a href= -"#a172.6">172(6)</a>.<br> -basáhan <i lang="en">be read to</i> <a href= -"#a251.2">251(2)</a>.<br> -basahàn <i lang="en">reading-room</i> <a href= -"#a137.16">137(16)</a>.<br> -mabása <i lang="en">be able to be read</i> <a href= -"#a186.2">186(2)</a>.<br> -nabása <i lang="en">has been read</i> <a href= -"#a244.3">244(3)</a>. <a href="#a284.11">284(11)</a>.<br> -màbása <i lang="en">get read</i> <a href= -"#a52.12">52(12)</a>.<br> -nàbása <i lang="en">got read</i> <a href= -"#a86.19">86(19)</a>. <a href="#a293.2">293(2)</a>.<br> -pabása <i lang="en">gospel-reading ordered by a communicant</i> -<a href="#a251.13">251(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-basàʾ: nagsísipagbasàʾ -<i lang="en">are getting themselves wet</i> <a href= -"#a110.23">110(23)</a>.<br> -nakabasàʾ <i lang="en">caused to be wet</i> <a href= -"#a201.22">201(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">básag <i lang="en">a breaking, in</i>:<br> -básag-úlo <i lang="en">a head-smashing</i>, <i lang= -"en">free-for-all fight</i> <a href="#a262.7">262(7)</a>.<br> -básag-uléro <i lang="en">ruffian</i> <a href= -"#a316.13">316(13)</a>.<br> -basàg <i lang="en">broken</i> <a href="#a30.10">30(10)</a>.<br> -mabásag <i lang="en">be broken</i> <a href="#a30.8">30(8)</a>. -<a href="#a283.21">283(21)</a>. <a href="#a284.35">284(35)</a>.<br> -nabásag <i lang="en">has been broken</i> <a href= -"#a296.14">296(14)</a>.<br> -màbásag <i lang="en">get broken</i> <a href= -"#a293.4">293(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bastàʾ: nagbastàʾ <i lang= -"en">packed up</i> <a href="#a232.5">232(5)</a>.<br> -pagbabastáan <i lang="en">a packing up together</i> <a href= -"#a118.17">118(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báso S. <i lang="en">drinking-glass</i> <a href= -"#a137.39">137(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bátaʾ <i lang="en">boy</i>, <i lang= -"en">girl</i> <a href="#a30.33">30(33)</a>. <i lang="en">See also</i> -báhay.<br> -binátaʾ <i lang="en">young man</i> <a href= -"#a90.28">90(28)</a>.<br> -pagkabátaʾ <i lang="en">childhood</i> <a href= -"#a86.22">86(22)</a>. <a href="#a285.41">285(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">batalàn <i lang="en">platform of house</i> -<a href="#a72.14">72(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bathálaʾ <i lang="en">God</i> <a href= -"#a54.42">54(42)</a>. <a href="#p59"><b>59</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bátis: nagbàbátis <i lang="en">is -fording</i> <a href="#a104.42">104(42)</a>.<br> -binátis <i lang="en">was forded</i> <a href= -"#a244.4">244(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">batò <i lang="en">stone</i> <a href= -"#a30.7">30(7)</a>. <a href="#a220.4">220(4)</a>.<br> -binatò <i lang="en">was stoned</i> <a href= -"#a303.30">303(30)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb338" href= -"#pb338" name="pb338">338</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">báo <i lang="en">cocoanut-shell</i> <a href= -"#a108.32">108(32)</a>. <a href="#a163.13">163(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báo <i lang="en">widower</i>, <i lang= -"en">widow</i> <a href="#a163.29">163(29)</a>. <a href= -"#p256"><b>256</b></a>.<br> -nabáo <i lang="en">was widowed</i> <a href="#a80.29">80(29)</a>. -<a href="#a285.29">285(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">baòl S. <i lang="en">box</i>, <i lang= -"en">trunk</i> <a href="#a268.8">268(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báon <i lang="en">provisions</i> <a href= -"#a28.27">28(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-baòn: pagbabaòn <i lang="en">a -burying</i> <a href="#a54.29">54(29)</a>.<br> -mábaòn <i lang="en">get buried</i> <a href= -"#a54.17">54(17)</a>.<br> -magpabaòn <i lang="en">cause to be buried</i> <a href= -"#a54.24">54(24)</a>.<br> -ipinabaòn <i lang="en">was caused to be buried</i> <a href= -"#a54.30">54(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báwal <i lang="en">forbidden</i> <a href= -"#a218.39">218(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báwaŋ <i lang="en">garlic</i> <a href= -"#a36.22">36(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báwat <i lang="en">every</i> <a href= -"#a24.40">24(40)</a>. <a href="#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href= -"#p66"><b>66</b></a>. <a href="#p132"><b>132</b></a>. <a href= -"#p246"><b>246</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-báwiʾ: bàbawíin <i lang= -"en">will be taken back</i> <a href="#a244.4">244(4)</a> <i lang= -"en">and Corrigenda</i>.<br> -ikinabáwiʾ <i lang="en">was the cause of being taken -back</i> <a href="#a272.3">272(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-báyaʾ (a) bayáan <i lang="en">be -permitted</i> <a href="#a46.37">46(37)</a>. <a href= -"#a48.13">48(13)</a>.<br> -binayáan <i lang="en">was permitted</i> <a href= -"#a78.31">78(31)</a>.<br> -binàbayáan <i lang="en">is being permitted</i> <a href= -"#a286.38">286(38)</a>.<br> -paubáyaʾ <i lang="en">permitted</i> <a href= -"#a300.9">300(9)</a>.<br> -magpàpabáyaʾ <i lang="en">will be neglectful</i> -<a href="#a106.32">106(32)</a>.<br> -nagpabáyaʾ <i lang="en">was neglectful</i> <a href= -"#a302.29">302(29)</a>.<br> -pabayáan <i lang="en">be left alone</i> <a href= -"#a308.7">308(7)</a>.<br> -pinabayáan <i lang="en">was left alone</i>, <i lang="en">not -interfered with</i> <a href="#a168.23">168(23)</a>. <a href= -"#a169.42">169(42)</a>. <a href="#a308.6">308(6)</a>.<br> -(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: pabayàʾ <i lang= -"en">neglectful</i> <a href="#a300.25">300(25)</a>.<br> -kapabayaàn <i lang="en">neglectfulness</i> <a href= -"#a310.39">310(39)</a>.<br> -pabayaàn <i lang="en">be permitted</i> <a href= -"#a52.8">52(8)</a>. <a href="#a237.29">237(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a308.34">308(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bayábas <i lang="en">see</i> biyábas.</p> -<p class="par">báyad <i lang="en">payment</i> <a href= -"#a54.9">54(9)</a>.<br> -báyad-útaŋ <i lang="en">debt-payment</i> <a href= -"#a178.29">178(29)</a>.<br> -bayàd <i lang="en">paid</i> <a href="#a222.22">222(22)</a>.<br> -magbáyad <i lang="en">pay</i> <a href="#a54.23">54(23)</a>.<br> -nagbáyad <i lang="en">paid</i> <a href="#a232.6">232(6)</a>.<br> -bàbayáran <i lang="en">will be paid to</i> <a href= -"#a54.29">54(29)</a>.<br> -binayáran <i lang="en">was paid</i> <a href= -"#a54.11">54(11)</a>.<br> -binàbayáran <i lang="en">is being paid for</i> <a href= -"#a74.3">74(3)</a>.<br> -pagbayáran <i lang="en">be settled with</i> <a href= -"#a54.32">54(32)</a>.<br> -pagbàbayáran <i lang="en">will be settled for</i> -<a href="#a58.27">58(27)</a>.<br> -pinagbayáran <i lang="en">was settled for</i> <a href= -"#a255.6">255(6)</a>.<br> -pinagbàbayáran <i lang="en">is being atoned for</i> -<a href="#a74.21">74(21)</a>.<br> -makabàbáyad <i lang="en">will be able to pay</i> <a href= -"#a114.41">114(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">báyan <i lang="en">town</i>, <i lang= -"en">district</i> <a href="#a22.27">22(27)</a>. <i lang="en">See -also</i> kápit, táo.<br> -báya-ŋ-Balíwag <i lang="en">the town of Baliuag</i> -<a href="#a20.3">20(3)</a>.<br> -báya-ŋ-Kamálig <a href="#a92.15">92(15)</a>.<br> -báya-ŋ-Malólos <a href="#a38.5">38(5)</a>.<br> -báya-ŋ-Marikína <a href="#a96.38">96(38)</a>.<br> -báya-ŋ-Maynílaʾ <a href= -"#a256.30">256(30)</a>.<br> -báya-ŋ-San-Migèl <a href="#a50.14">50(14)</a>.<br> -bayàn-bayàn <i lang="en">various towns</i> <a href= -"#a50.8">50(8)</a>.<br> -namàmáyan <i lang="en">is dwelling in a town</i> <a href= -"#a50.34">50(34)</a>.<br> -kababáyan <i lang="en">fellow-townsman</i> <a href= -"#a60.12">60(12)</a>. <a href="#a267.3">267(3)</a>. <a href= -"#a291.37">291(37)</a>.<br> -magkababáyan <i lang="en">two or more fellow-townsmen</i> -<a href="#a26.31">26(31)</a>. 270(10.17).<br> -makabáyan <i lang="en">patriotic</i> <a href= -"#a288.30">288(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bayàw <i lang="en">wife’s brother</i>, -<i lang="en">sister’s husband</i> <a href="#a54.8">54(8)</a>.<br> -magbayàw <i lang="en">two men, one of whom has married the -other’s sister</i> <a href="#a242.9">242(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-báyo: ibáyo <i lang="en">far side</i> -<a href="#a80.36">80(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bayò: paŋbayò <i lang= -"en">pestle</i> <a href="#a225.3">225(3)</a>.<br> -magbayò <i lang="en">pound rice</i> <a href= -"#a232.7">232(7)</a>.<br> -magbabáyo <i lang="en">rice-pounder</i> <a href= -"#a242.40">242(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bayúgin <i lang="en">a tree, <span lang= -"la">Pterospermum</span></i> <a href="#a237.39">237(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bayòŋ <i lang="en">palm-leaf sack</i> -<a href="#a74.5">74(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bíbas <i lang="en">jester</i> <a href= -"#a98.30">98(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bibìg <i lang="en">mouth</i> <a href= -"#a30.20">30(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bigaà <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a116.25">116(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bigàs <i lang="en">hulled rice</i> <a href= -"#a104.15">104(15)</a>.<br> -magbigàs <i lang="en">hull rice</i> <a href= -"#a232.8">232(8)</a>.<br> -magbibígas <i lang="en">rice-dealer</i> <a href= -"#a242.41">242(41)</a>.<br> -bigasàn <i lang="en">be supplemented with rice</i> <a href= -"#a251.3">251(3)</a>. <i lang="en">containing uncooked rice</i> -<a href="#a261.10">261(10)</a>.<br> -bìgásan <i lang="en">rice-mill</i> <a href= -"#a203.3">203(3)</a>.<br> -Bìgása-ŋ-Sumúloŋ-at-Kasamahàn -<i lang="en">Rice-Mill <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb339" href= -"#pb339" name="pb339">339</a>]</span>of Sumulong and Company</i> -<a href="#a210.34">210(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bigàt <i lang="en">weight</i> <a href= -"#a226.36">226(36)</a>.<br> -kabigatàn <i lang="en">heaviness</i> <a href= -"#a158.12">158(12)</a>.<br> -nakabíbigàt <i lang="en">is making heavy</i> <a href= -"#a32.10">32(10)</a>.<br> -mabigàt <i lang="en">heavy</i>, <i lang="en">grave</i> <a href= -"#a58.34">58(34)</a>.<br> -mabibigàt <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a118.22">118(22)</a>.<br> -pabigàt <i lang="en">weighting</i> <a href= -"#a110.7">110(7)</a>.<br> -nápakabigàt <i lang="en">too severe</i> <a href= -"#a313.10">313(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bigày <i lang="en">that given</i> <a href= -"#a220.24">220(24)</a>.<br> -bigày-loòb <i lang="en">favor</i> <a href= -"#a210.27">210(27)</a>.<br> -pagbibigày-loòb <i lang="en">a doing favors</i> <a href= -"#a60.23">60(23)</a>. <a href="#a235.26">235(26)</a>.<br> -nagbigày <i lang="en">gave</i> <a href="#a76.35">76(35)</a>.<br> -nagbíbigày <i lang="en">is giving</i> <a href= -"#a60.38">60(38)</a>.<br> -pagbibigày <i lang="en">a giving</i> <a href= -"#a50.30">50(30)</a>.<br> -ibigày <i lang="en">be given</i> <a href= -"#a42.43">42(43)</a>.<br> -ibíbigày <i lang="en">will be given</i> <a href= -"#a16.28">16(28)</a>.<br> -ibinigày <i lang="en">was given</i> <a href= -"#a20.14">20(14)</a>.<br> -ibiníbigày <i lang="en">is being given</i> <a href= -"#a40.11">40(11)</a>.<br> -bigyàn <i lang="en">be given to</i> <a href= -"#a26.2">26(2)</a>.<br> -bìbigyàn <i lang="en">will be given to</i> <a href= -"#a74.42"><span class="corr" id="xd21e73073" title= -"Source: 72">74</span>(42)</a>.<br> -binigyàn <i lang="en">was given to</i> <a href= -"#a32.15">32(15)</a>.<br> -bìgáyan <i lang="en">receiver</i> <a href= -"#a258.22">258(22)</a>.<br> -kabìgáyan <i lang="en">one of two who give to each -other</i> <a href="#a277.36">277(36)</a>.<br> -mapagbigày <i lang="en">over-indulgent</i> <a href= -"#a289.25">289(25)</a>.<br> -tagapagbigày <i lang="en">hander-out</i> <a href= -"#a315.41">315(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bigkàs: nagbíbigkàs <i lang= -"en">is pronouncing</i> <a href="#a231.24">231(24)</a>.<br> -biníbigkàs <i lang="en">is being pronounced</i> <a href= -"#a98.38">98(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">biglàʾ <i lang="en">suddenly</i> <a href= -"#a82.40">82(40)</a>.<br> -pabiglàʾ <i lang="en">in sudden manner</i> <a href= -"#a68.10">68(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bigtì <i lang="en">strangled</i> <a href= -"#a223.24">223(24)</a>.<br> -bumigtì <i lang="en">strangled</i> <a href= -"#a227.3">227(3)</a>.<br> -pagbigtì <i lang="en">a strangling</i> <a href= -"#a227.4">227(4)</a>.<br> -nagbigtì <i lang="en">strangled himself</i> <a href= -"#a233.29">233(29)</a>.<br> -pagbibigtì <i lang="en">a strangling oneself</i> <a href= -"#a233.29">233(29)</a>.<br> -bigtihìn <i lang="en">be strangled</i> <a href= -"#a22.22">22(22)</a>.<br> -bigtíhan <i lang="en">gallows</i> <a href= -"#a279.19">279(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">béha <i lang="en">cigarette-stub</i> <a href= -"#a205.21">205(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bíhag <i lang="en">captive</i> <a href= -"#a233.1">233(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bihásaʾ <i lang="en">skilled</i> <a href= -"#a46.12">46(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bihíraʾ <i lang="en">seldom</i>, <i lang= -"en">rare</i> <a href="#a40.26">40(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a42.21">42(21)</a>. <a href="#a72.29">72(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a106.39">106(39)</a>. <a href="#a110.29">110(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a112.13">112(13)</a>.<br> -magkàbihíraʾ <i lang="en">occur at odd times</i> -<a href="#a114.27">114(27)</a>. <a href="#a271.9">271(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bíhis <i lang="en">that donned</i> <a href= -"#a220.26">220(26)</a>.<br> -bihìs <i lang="en">dressed up</i> <a href= -"#a222.23">222(23)</a>.<br> -nagbíhis <i lang="en">dressed himself up</i> <a href= -"#a232.10">232(10)</a>.<br> -nagbìbíhis <i lang="en">is dressing himself up</i> -<a href="#a32.37">32(37)</a>. <a href="#a96.21">96(21)</a>.<br> -magsipagbíhis <i lang="en">dress up</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a262.35">262(35)</a>.<br> -makapagbíhis <i lang="en">have dressed oneself</i> <a href= -"#a96.24">96(24)</a>.<br> -pinapagbíhis <i lang="en">was ordered to dress himself</i> -<a href="#a32.14">32(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">biìk <i lang="en">young pig</i> <a href= -"#a72.36">72(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bilàʾ: kabilàʾ <i lang= -"en">other side</i> <a href="#a16.23">16(23)</a>. <a href= -"#a266.6">266(6)</a>.<br> -magkábilàʾ <i lang="en">be on both sides</i> -<a href="#a16.7">16(7)</a>. <a href="#a271.11">271(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bílaŋ <i lang="en">number</i> <a href= -"#a24.5">24(5)</a>.<br> -bilàŋ <i lang="en">counted</i> <a href= -"#a222.24">222(24)</a>.<br> -pagbílaŋ <i lang="en">a counting</i> <a href= -"#a285.24">285(24)</a>.<br> -bìbiláŋin <i lang="en">will be counted</i> <a href= -"#a24.4">24(4)</a>.<br> -mabílaŋ <i lang="en">having a number</i> <a href= -"#a114.1">114(1)</a>.<br> -pagkàbílaŋ <i lang="en">count</i> <a href= -"#a291.2">291(2)</a>.<br> -tagabílaŋ <i lang="en">counter</i> <a href= -"#a315.34">315(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bilaŋgòʾ <i lang="en">prisoner</i> -<a href="#a258.24">258(24)</a>.<br> -ibíbilaŋgòʾ <i lang="en">will be put into -prison</i> <a href="#a100.28">100(28)</a>.<br> -ibinilaŋgòʾ <i lang="en">was put into prison</i> -<a href="#a248.12">248(12)</a>.<br> -bìlaŋgúan <i lang="en">prison</i> <a href= -"#a201.31">201(31)</a>.<br> -nábilaŋgòʾ <i lang="en">got jailed</i> <a href= -"#a38.2">38(2)</a>. <a href="#a198.1">198(1)</a>.<br> -ipabíbilaŋgòʾ <i lang="en">will be caused to be -put in prison</i> <a href="#a100.15">100(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bilàs <i lang="en">wife’s sister’s -husband</i> <a href="#a242.11">242(11)</a>.<br> -magbilàs <i lang="en">two men whose wives are sisters</i> -<a href="#a242.10">242(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">biláo <i lang="en">large flat basket</i> <a href= -"#a74.5">74(5)</a>. <a href="#a108.17">108(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bilì <i lang="en">that bought</i> <a href= -"#a308.26">308(26)</a>.<br> -bilì naŋ bilì <i lang="en">keeps buying</i> <a href= -"#a177.8">177(8)</a>.<br> -paŋbilì <i lang="en">used for buying</i> <a href= -"#a255.34">255(34)</a>.<br> -bumilì <i lang="en">buy</i> <a href="#a120.19">120(19)</a>.<br> -pagbilì <i lang="en">a buying</i> <a href= -"#a223.21">223(21)</a>.<br> -magbilì <i lang="en">sell</i> <a href= -"#a249.22">249(22)</a>.<br> -nagbilì <i lang="en">sold</i> <a href= -"#a233.30">233(30)</a>.<br> -nagbíbilì <i lang="en">is selling</i> <a href= -"#a233.31">233(31)</a>.<br> -pagbibilì <i lang="en">a selling</i> <a href= -"#a252.19">252(19)</a>.<br> -namilì <i lang="en">bought in quantity</i> <a href= -"#a239.33">239(33)</a>.<br> -namímilì <i lang="en">is shopping</i> <a href= -"#a249.9">249(9)</a>.<br> -bìbilhìn <i lang="en">will be bought</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb340" href="#pb340" name= -"pb340">340</a>]</span>203(18).<br> -binilì <i lang="en">was bought</i> <a href= -"#a163.40">163(40)</a>.<br> -pinamilì <i lang="en">was bought in quantity</i> <a href= -"#a246.41">246(41)</a>.<br> -ipagbilì <i lang="en">be sold</i> <a href= -"#a98.36">98(36)</a>.<br> -ipinabilì <i lang="en">was sold</i> <a href= -"#a249.21">249(21)</a>.<br> -ipinagbíbilì <i lang="en">is being sold</i> <a href= -"#a74.8">74(8)</a>.<br> -binilhàn <i lang="en">was bought from</i> <a href= -"#a251.5">251(5)</a>.<br> -pinagbilhàn <i lang="en">was sold to</i> <a href= -"#a255.8">255(8)</a>.<br> -bìlíhan <i lang="en">market</i> <a href= -"#a258.24">258(24)</a>.<br> -ikabilì <i lang="en">be the cause of buying</i> <a href= -"#a186.10">186(10)</a>.<br> -nakábilì <i lang="en">happened to buy</i> <a href= -"#a56.38">56(38)</a>.<br> -màbìbilì <i lang="en">will get bought</i> <a href= -"#a203.37">203(37)</a>.<br> -pabilhìn <i lang="en">be caused to buy</i> <a href= -"#a34.5">34(5)</a>.<br> -makapagpabilì <i lang="en">be able to cause to be bought</i> -<a href="#a286.39">286(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bílin <i lang="en">commission</i>, <i lang= -"en">errand</i> <a href="#a221.27">221(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bilmìt: pamilmìt <i lang="en">used as -fish-pole</i> <a href="#a249.28">249(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bílog <i lang="en">circle</i> <a href= -"#a112.2">112(2)</a>.<br> -bilòg <i lang="en">rounded</i>, <i lang="en">round</i> <a href= -"#a222.25">222(25)</a>.<br> -bumílog <i lang="en">turned on a lathe</i> <a href= -"#a227.6">227(6)</a>.<br> -namílog <i lang="en">turned</i> <a href= -"#a188.26">188(26)</a>.<br> -binílog <i lang="en">was turned</i> <a href= -"#a244.5">244(5)</a>.<br> -binìbílog <i lang="en">is being turned</i> <a href= -"#a244.6">244(6)</a>.<br> -kabilúgan <i lang="en">roundness</i> <a href= -"#a38.17">38(17)</a>. <a href="#a152.17">152(17)</a>. <a href= -"#a276.27">276(27)</a>.<br> -nàbìbílog <i lang="en">gets turned</i> <a href= -"#a293.36">293(36)</a>.<br> -pabilòg <i lang="en">in a circle</i>, <i lang= -"en">spherically</i> <a href="#a46.40">46(40)</a>. <a href= -"#a48.4">48(4)</a>. <a href="#a110.41">110(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bendisiyòn S.: magbendisiyòn <i lang= -"en">give blessing</i> <a href="#a96.26">96(26)</a>.<br> -nagbébendisiyòn <i lang="en">is blessing</i> <a href= -"#a98.3">98(3)</a>.<br> -pagbebendisiyòn <i lang="en">a blessing</i> <a href= -"#a54.32">54(32)</a>.<br> -binèbendisyunàn <i lang="en">is being blessed</i> -<a href="#a114.19">114(19)</a>.<br> -pagkabendisiyòn <i lang="en">a having blessed</i> <a href= -"#a64.29">64(29)</a>.<br> -pagkábendisiyòn <i lang="en">a having chanced to -bless</i> <a href="#a56.8">56(8)</a>.<br> -pabendisyunàn <i lang="en">be caused to be blessed</i> <a href= -"#a54.17">54(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bendíta S.: <i lang="en">holy</i> <a href= -"#a96.25">96(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-biniyàg: nagbíbiniyàg <i lang= -"en">is baptizing</i> <a href="#a98.2">98(2)</a>.<br> -binyágan <i lang="en">person baptized</i> <a href= -"#a314.20">314(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bintánaʾ S. <i lang="en">window</i> <a href= -"#a70.30">70(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bintàŋ <i lang="en">suspicion</i> <a href= -"#a36.29">36(29)</a>.<br> -nagbintàŋ <i lang="en">suspected</i> <a href= -"#a38.24">38(24)</a>.<br> -pagbintaŋàn <i lang="en">be suspected</i> <a href= -"#a20.9">20(9)</a>.<br> -pinagbintaŋàn <i lang="en">was suspected</i> <a href= -"#a16.21">16(21)</a>.<br> -nàpàpagbintaŋàn <i lang="en">gets -suspected</i> <a href="#a20.35">20(35)</a>.<br> -palabintáŋin <i lang="en">given to suspicion</i> <a href= -"#a315.7">315(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">biŋì <i lang="en">deaf</i> <a href= -"#a86.23">86(23)</a>. <a href="#a167.8">167(8)</a>.<br> -ikinabiŋì <i lang="en">was the cause of being deaf</i> -<a href="#a295.17">295(17)</a>.<br> -nakabíbiŋì <i lang="en">causes deafness</i> <a href= -"#a219.42">219(42)</a>.<br> -nábiŋì <i lang="en">got deaf</i> <a href= -"#a295.12">295(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bíŋit <i lang="en">edge</i>, <i lang= -"en">brink</i> <a href="#a180.34">180(34)</a>.<br> -bumíŋit <i lang="en">went to the brink</i> <a href= -"#a227.7">227(7)</a>.<br> -ibiníŋit <i lang="en">was put on the edge</i> <a href= -"#a248.13">248(13)</a>.<br> -biniŋítan <i lang="en">was approached up to the brink</i> -<a href="#a251.7">251(7)</a>.<br> -kinàbìbiŋítan <i lang="en">is been on the -brink of</i> <a href="#a52.31">52(31)</a>.<br> -napabíŋit <i lang="en">go to the brink</i> <a href= -"#a312.2">312(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">birtùd S. <i lang="en">occult quality</i> -<a href="#a60.10">60(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bíroʾ <i lang="en">joke</i> <a href= -"#a220.27">220(27)</a>.<br> -paŋbibíroʾ <i lang="en">a joking</i> <a href= -"#a40.39">40(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">biróke S. <i lang="en">blow-gun bullet</i> -<a href="#a212.31">212(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bèsbol E. <i lang="en">baseball</i> <a href= -"#a48.2">48(2)</a>.<br> -nagbèbèsbol <i lang="en">is playing baseball</i> <a href= -"#a135.28">135(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bisìg <i lang="en">arm</i>, <i lang= -"en">stick</i> <a href="#a70.28">70(28)</a>. <a href= -"#a84.10">84(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bisíta S. <i lang="en">visitor</i>, <i lang= -"en">visitors</i> <a href="#a305.5">305(5)</a>. <i lang="en">chapel</i> -<a href="#a251.13">251(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bísiyo S. <i lang="en">vice</i> <a href= -"#a163.21">163(21)</a>. <a href="#a221.14">221(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bistày <i lang="en">sieve</i> <a href= -"#a74.5">74(5)</a>.<br> -magbibistày <i lang="en">screener</i> <a href= -"#a242.38">242(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bitàk <i lang="en">crack</i> <a href= -"#a32.5">32(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bitàw: binitàwan <i lang="en">was let go -of</i> <a href="#a66.34">66(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a254.24">254(24)</a>.<br> -maŋákabitàw <i lang="en">relax their hold</i> -<a href="#a78.15">78(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bítay: ipabítay <i lang="en">be caused to -be hanged</i> <a href="#a52.6">52(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bitbìt <i lang="en">that carried by a part of -it</i> <a href="#a122.2">122(2)</a>.<br> -binitbìt <i lang="en">was carried</i> <a href= -"#a52.37">52(37)</a>.<br> -pagkábitbìt <i lang="en">the way of holding</i> <a href= -"#a253.24">253(24)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb341" href= -"#pb341" name="pb341">341</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">-bitìw: bumitìw <i lang="en">let go</i> -<a href="#a174.22">174(22)</a>.<br> -bitíwan <i lang="en">be let go of</i> <a href= -"#a76.10">76(10)</a>. <a href="#a254.25">254(25)</a>.<br> -binitíwan <i lang="en">was let go of</i> <a href= -"#a44.22">44(22)</a>.<br> -pinagbitiwàn <i lang="en">was variously let go of</i> <a href= -"#a256.16">256(16)</a>.<br> -mabitíwan <i lang="en">be let go of</i> <a href= -"#a44.21">44(21)</a>. <a href="#a288.23">288(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bitúka <i lang="en">intestine</i> <a href= -"#a38.30">38(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bitóke (S.) <i lang="en">blow-gun bullet</i> -<a href="#a212.31">212(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">biyábas bayábas S. <i lang="en">guava</i>, -<i lang="la">Pisidium guayava L.</i> <a href="#a236.17">236(17)</a>. -<a href="#a256.38">256(38)</a>. <a href="#a283.11">283(11)</a>.<br> -magsìsipamiyábas <i lang="en">will go guava-picking</i>, -<i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a263.22">263(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-biyábit: naŋakabiyábit <i lang= -"en">were hanging</i> <a href="#a34.28">34(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-biyábo: pagbibiyábo <i lang="en">swinging -the feet</i> <a href="#a232.11">232(11)</a>.<br> -pinagbìbiyabúhan <i lang="en">is being swung on</i> -<a href="#a255.10">255(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-biyàk: biniyàk <i lang="en">was split</i> -<a href="#a244.7">244(7)</a> <i lang="en">Corrigenda</i>.<br> -kabiyàk <i lang="en">half</i>, <i lang="en">side</i> <a href= -"#a112.40">112(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Biyàrnes-Sànto Biyernesànto S. -<i lang="en">Good Friday</i> <a href="#a20.1">20(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">biyátiko S.: <i lang="en">viaticum</i> <a href= -"#a98.3">98(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">biyày <i lang="en">that given liberty in a closed -space</i> <a href="#a220.27">220(27)</a>.<br> -nagbiyày <i lang="en">set loose</i> <a href= -"#a232.13">232(13)</a>.<br> -nagpabiyày <i lang="en">caused to be set loose</i> <a href= -"#a302.20">302(20)</a>.<br> -pàbiyáyan <i lang="en">place for giving temporary -liberty</i> <a href="#a88.26">88(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a309.6">309(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Viyóla S. <i lang="en">family-n.</i> <a href= -"#a277.16">277(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bóbo <i lang="en">clown</i> <a href= -"#a241.34">241(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bubòŋ: bubuŋàn <i lang= -"en">roof</i> <a href="#a38.22">38(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bubuwìt <i lang="en">a kind of mouse</i> <a href= -"#a224.27">224(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-budbòd: ibinudbòd <i lang="en">was -strewn</i> <a href="#a32.18">32(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bugtòŋ <i lang="en">riddle</i> <a href= -"#a222.3">222(3)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipagbugtúŋan <i lang="en">tell each other -riddles</i> <a href="#a114.32">114(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bugòk <i lang="en">rotten</i>, <i lang= -"en">crazy</i> <a href="#a218.40">218(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buháŋin <i lang="en">sand</i> <a href= -"#a68.4">68(4)</a>.<br> -kabuhaŋínan <i lang="en">beach</i> <a href= -"#a68.4">68(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-búhat: bumúhat <i lang="en">lifted</i> -<a href="#a189.34">189(34)</a>.<br> -buhátin <i lang="en">be lifted</i> <a href= -"#a283.29">283(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">búhay <i lang="en">life</i> <a href= -"#a18.10">18(10)</a>. <i lang="en">See also</i> hánap.<br> -buhày <i lang="en">alive</i> <a href="#a92.19">92(19)</a>.<br> -namùmúhay <i lang="en">is leading a life</i> <a href= -"#a104.27">104(27)</a>.<br> -pamumúhay <i lang="en">way of living</i> <a href= -"#a30.30">30(30)</a>.<br> -ikabùbúhay <i lang="en">will be the means of living</i> -<a href="#a34.25">34(25)</a>.<br> -kabuháyan <i lang="en">livelihood</i> <a href= -"#a32.12">32(12)</a>.<br> -mabùbúhay <i lang="en">will live</i> <a href= -"#a58.30">58(30)</a>.<br> -nabúhay <i lang="en">lived</i> <a href= -"#a285.29">285(29)</a>.<br> -nabùbúhay <i lang="en">is living</i> <a href= -"#a72.17">72(17)</a>.<br> -pagkabúhay <i lang="en">a coming to life</i>; <i lang= -"en">staple food</i> <a href="#a285.41">285(41)</a>. <a href= -"#a288.38">288(38)</a>.<br> -pagkàbúhay <i lang="en">a lucky bringing to life</i> -<a href="#a291.36">291(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">búhoʾ <i lang="en">slender bamboo</i>, -<i lang="la">Dendrocalamus</i> <a href="#a18.3">18(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buhòk <i lang="en">hair</i> <a href= -"#a24.31">24(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buhòl <i lang="en">knot</i> <a href= -"#a274.29">274(29)</a>.<br> -magbuhòl <i lang="en">tie a knot</i> <a href= -"#a232.14">232(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-búhos: ibinúhos <i lang="en">was -poured</i> <a href="#a30.20">30(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">búkas <i lang="en">tomorrow</i> <a href= -"#a88.13">88(13)</a>. <a href="#p262.2"><b>262</b>(2)</a>.<br> -kinàbukásan <i lang="en">when the next day came</i> -<a href="#a48.41">48(41)</a>. <a href="#a190.27">190(27)</a>. <a href= -"#a279.24">279(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bukàs <i lang="en">opened</i> <a href= -"#a223.26">223(26)</a>.<br> -bumúbukàs <i lang="en">is opening</i>, <i lang= -"en">intr.</i> <a href="#a227.10">227(10)</a>.<br> -magbukàs <i lang="en">open</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> <a href= -"#a228.35">228(35)</a>.<br> -pagbubukàs <i lang="en">an opening</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> -<a href="#a26.31">26(31)</a>.<br> -buksàn <i lang="en">be opened</i> <a href= -"#a78.30">78(30)</a>.<br> -binuksàn <i lang="en">was opened</i> <a href= -"#a78.31">78(31)</a>.<br> -bùkásan <i lang="en">aperture</i> <a href= -"#a84.43">84(43)</a>.<br> -mabuksàn <i lang="en">be opened</i> <a href="#a86.1">86(1)</a>. -<a href="#a120.21">120(21)</a>.<br> -nàbuksàn <i lang="en">came open</i> <a href= -"#a22.2">22(2)</a>. <a href="#a188.9">188(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">búkid <i lang="en">field</i>, <i lang= -"en">estate</i>, <i lang="en">country</i> <a href="#a38.8">38(8)</a>. -<a href="#a74.1">74(1)</a>. <a href="#a90.7">90(7)</a>.<br> -bukirìn <i lang="en">estate</i>, <i lang="en">fields</i> -<a href="#a92.35">92(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">búko <i lang="en">unripe cocoanut</i> <a href= -"#a316.8">316(8)</a>.<br> -tarabúko trabúko <i lang="en">bald-headed</i> <a href= -"#a316.7">316(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bukòd <i lang="en">beside</i>, <i lang="en">in -addition to</i> <a href="#a54.5">54(5)</a>. <a href= -"#p279"><b>279</b></a>.<br> -magkabukòd <i lang="en">two separately</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb342" href="#pb342" name= -"pb342">342</a>]</span>269(43).<br> -magkakabukòd <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a279.9">279(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-búkol: bukulàn <i lang="en">covered with -bumps</i> <a href="#a62.26">62(26)</a>.<br> -nagkàkabúkol <i lang="en">is getting bumps</i> <a href= -"#a62.16">62(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bóla S. <i lang="en">ball</i> <a href= -"#a46.38">46(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-búlag (a) nakabùbúlag <i lang= -"en">is causing blindness</i> <a href="#a280.35">280(35)</a>.<br> -màbúlag <i lang="en">get blinded</i> <a href= -"#a255.38">255(38)</a>.<br> -(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: bulàg <i lang= -"en">blinded</i>, <i lang="en">blind</i> <a href= -"#a22.29">22(29)</a>.<br> -nábulàg <i lang="en">went blind</i> <a href= -"#a296.16">296(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">búlak <i lang="en">cluster of capoc cotton</i> -<a href="#a247.2">247(2)</a>.<br> -Bulakàn <i lang="en">place-n</i>. <a href= -"#a110.13">110(13)</a>. <a href="#a260.5">260(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bulaklàk <i lang="en">flower</i> <a href= -"#a189.2">189(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bulìd: ibinulìd <i lang="en">was pushed -off</i> <a href="#a26.7">26(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bulsà S. <i lang="en">purse</i> <a href= -"#a112.21">112(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-búlo: kabuluhàn <i lang= -"en">importance</i> <a href="#a42.15">42(15)</a>.<br> -makabuluhàn <i lang="en">important</i> <a href= -"#a271.16">271(16)</a>. <a href="#a289.23">289(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bulòk <i lang="en">rotten</i> <a href= -"#a218.40">218(40)</a>.<br> -naŋabulòk <i lang="en">became rotten</i>, <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a306.27">306(27)</a>.<br> -palabùlúkin <i lang="en">easily decaying</i> <a href= -"#a315.8">315(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bulòŋ: kabùlúŋan -<i lang="en">one of two who whisper together</i> <a href= -"#a277.38">277(38)</a>.<br> -pabulòŋ <i lang="en">in whispers</i> <a href= -"#a114.5">114(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bundòk <i lang="en">mountain</i> <a href= -"#a116.18">116(18)</a>. <i lang="en">See also</i> paà.<br> -namundòk <i lang="en">took to the mountains</i> <a href= -"#a52.38">52(38)</a>.<br> -pamumundòk <i lang="en">a living in the mountains</i> <a href= -"#a52.42">52(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buntìs <i lang="en">pregnant</i> <a href= -"#a36.17">36(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buntòn <i lang="en">heap</i> <a href= -"#a116.34">116(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buntòt <i lang="en">tail</i>, <i lang= -"en">train</i> <a href="#a240.41">240(41)</a>. <a href= -"#a244.40">244(40)</a>. <a href="#a253.8">253(8)</a>.<br> -buntútan <i lang="en">tail-end</i> <a href= -"#a72.3">72(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bunòʾ: nagbunòʾ <i lang= -"en">wrestled</i> <a href="#a66.32">66(32)</a>.<br> -nagbúbunòʾ <i lang="en">is wrestling</i> <a href= -"#a86.40">86(40)</a>.<br> -pagbubunòʾ <i lang="en">a wrestling</i> <a href= -"#a252.25">252(25)</a>.<br> -nakipagbunòʾ <i lang="en">engaged in wrestling</i> <a href= -"#a66.27">66(27)</a>.<br> -kabunòʾ <i lang="en">person with whom one wrestles</i> -<a href="#a66.34">66(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-búnot: bunòt <i lang="en">plucked up</i> -<a href="#a225.26">225(26)</a>. <i lang="en">cocoanut-fibre</i> -<a href="#a221.11">221(11)</a>.<br> -bumúnot <i lang="en">plucked up</i> <a href= -"#a227.11">227(11)</a>.<br> -nagbunòt <i lang="en">plucked up in quantity</i> <a href= -"#a237.27">237(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">búŋa <i lang="en">fruit</i>; <i lang= -"en">betel-fruit</i> <a href="#a16.15">16(15)</a>. <a href= -"#a247.3">247(3)</a>.<br> -búŋa-ŋ-káhoy <i lang="en">fruit of a tree</i> -<a href="#a36.1">36(1)</a>.<br> -magbúŋa <i lang="en">bear fruit</i> <a href= -"#a16.12">16(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buŋáŋaʾ <i lang="en">maw</i> -<a href="#a212.35">212(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buŋbòŋ <i lang="en">piece of unsplit -bamboo</i> <a href="#a110.31">110(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-búrol: ibinùbúrol <i lang="en">is -being laid in state</i> <a href="#a112.30">112(30)</a>.<br> -kinàbùburúlan <i lang="en">is being lain in state -in</i> <a href="#a114.4">114(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">busábos <i lang="en">slave</i> <a href= -"#a90.36">90(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bóses S. <i lang="en">voice</i> <a href= -"#a74.19">74(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Bùstos S. <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a100.12">100(12)</a>. <i lang="en">See also</i> -lúpaʾ.</p> -<p class="par">busòg <i lang="en">satiated</i> <a href= -"#a223.27">223(27)</a>.<br> -pàbusugìn <i lang="en">be well fed up</i> <a href= -"#a305.10">305(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bútas <i lang="en">hole</i>, <i lang="en">hollow -space</i> <a href="#a86.11">86(11)</a>. <a href= -"#a104.10">104(10)</a>.<br> -bútas-karáyom <i lang="en">needle’s-eye</i> -<a href="#a22.27">22(27)</a>.<br> -bumútas <i lang="en">make a hole</i> <a href= -"#a86.5">86(5)</a>.<br> -binútas <i lang="en">was pierced</i> <a href= -"#a106.20">106(20)</a>.<br> -makabútas <i lang="en">have made a hole</i> <a href= -"#a86.8">86(8)</a>.<br> -nabútas <i lang="en">has been perforated</i> <a href= -"#a86.8">86(8)</a>.<br> -nàbùbútas <i lang="en">gets perforated</i> -<a href="#a106.37">106(37)</a>.<br> -pinabútas <i lang="en">was caused to make a hole</i> <a href= -"#a86.9">86(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bóte S. <i lang="en">bottle</i> <a href= -"#a120.22">120(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">búti <i lang="en">goodness</i> <a href= -"#a218.23">218(23)</a>.<br> -butíhan <i lang="en">be done well</i> <a href= -"#a220.10">220(10)</a>.<br> -ikinabúti <i lang="en">was the cause of improvement</i> <a href= -"#a287.43">287(43)</a>.<br> -kabutíhan <i lang="en">excellence</i>, <i lang= -"en">advantage</i> <a href="#a58.2">58(2)</a>. <a href= -"#a62.3">62(3)</a>.<br> -makabùbúti <i lang="en">will cause to improve</i> -<a href="#a28.35">28(35)</a>.<br> -nakabùbúti <i lang="en">causes to be well</i> <a href= -"#a226.33">226(33)</a>.<br> -mabúti <i lang="en">good</i>, <i lang="en">well</i> <a href= -"#a16.9">16(9)</a>.<br> -mabubúti <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a102.5">102(5)</a>.<br> -nàbúti <i lang="en">got better</i>, <i lang="en">reached -a high point</i> <a href="#a294.22">294(22)</a>. <a href= -"#a295.12">295(12)</a>.<br> -pinakamabúti <i lang="en">best</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb343" href="#pb343" name="pb343">343</a>]</span>230(10).<br> -nàpakabúti <i lang="en">extreme</i> <a href= -"#a313.11">313(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">botikáriyo S. <i lang="en">apothecary</i> -<a href="#a54.2">54(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">bútil <i lang="en">kernel of grain</i> <a href= -"#a316.33">316(33)</a>.<br> -gabútil <i lang="en">as large as a grain</i> <a href= -"#a316.31">316(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-bóto S.: bumóto <i lang="en">voted</i> -<a href="#a227.13">227(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">butò <i lang="en">bone</i>, <i lang="en">seed</i> -<a href="#a42.5">42(5)</a>. <a href="#a108.7">108(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">boòʾ buòʾ <i lang= -"en">whole</i>, <i lang="en">entire</i> <a href="#a34.29">34(29)</a>. -<a href="#p66"><b>66</b></a>. <a href="#p98"><b>98</b></a>. <a href= -"#p261"><b>261</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-buwàl: nagbuwàl <i lang="en">felled</i> -<a href="#a199.25">199(25)</a>. <a href="#a232.14">232(14)</a>.<br> -ibuwàl <i lang="en">be felled</i> <a href= -"#a178.33">178(33)</a>.<br> -ibinuwàl <i lang="en">was felled</i> <a href= -"#a270.27">270(27)</a><br> -nabuwàl <i lang="en">has been felled</i> <a href= -"#a253.4">253(4)</a>. <a href="#a294.5">294(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buwàn <i lang="en">moon</i>, <i lang= -"en">month</i> <a href="#a38.18">38(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a110.13">110(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buwìs <i lang="en">interest on money</i> <a href= -"#a227.18">227(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">buwísit <i lang="en">repulsive</i> <a href= -"#a98.16">98(16)</a>. <a href="#a219.1">219(1)</a>.<br> -binuwísit <i lang="en">was annoyed</i> <a href= -"#a58.26">58(26)</a>.<br> -kinàbùbuwisítan <i lang="en">is being abhorred</i> -<a href="#a94.27">94(27)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e75652" class="main">D(R)</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">daàn raàn <i lang="en">hundred</i> -<a href="#a52.43">52(43)</a>. <a href="#p17"><b>17</b></a>. <a href= -"#p134"><b>134</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">daàn <i lang="en">way</i>, <i lang="en">road</i> -<a href="#a32.3">32(3)</a>.<br> -daà-ŋ-Balíwag <i lang="en">road to Baliuag</i> -<a href="#a220.3">220(3)</a>.<br> -magdaàn <i lang="en">pass by</i> <a href="#a68.7">68(7)</a>.<br> -nagdaàn <i lang="en">passed by</i>, <i lang="en">past</i> -<a href="#a24.40">24(40)</a>. <a href="#a76.36">76(36)</a>.<br> -nagdádaàn <i lang="en">is passing by</i> <a href= -"#a26.11">26(11)</a>.<br> -pagdadaàn <i lang="en">a passing by</i> <a href= -"#a254.20">254(20)</a>.<br> -idaàn <i lang="en">be left on the way</i> <a href= -"#a248.15">248(15)</a>.<br> -dinaanàn <i lang="en">was run over</i>, <i lang="en">was called -for on the way</i> <a href="#a251.9">251(9)</a>. <a href= -"#a254.29">254(29)</a>.<br> -dinaánan <i lang="en">was assailed</i> <a href= -"#a254.25">254(25)</a>.<br> -dinàdaánan <i lang="en">is being assailed</i> <a href= -"#a254.27">254(27)</a>.<br> -pinagdàdaanàn <i lang="en">is being gone through</i> -<a href="#a30.30">30(30)</a>. <a href="#a82.7">82(7)</a>.<br> -pinagdaánan <i lang="en">was traversed</i> <a href= -"#a32.24">32(24)</a>. <a href="#a256.10">256(10)</a>.<br> -dàánan <i lang="en">usual route</i> <a href= -"#a258.26">258(26)</a>.<br> -nagdàdàánan <i lang="en">are passing on the -way</i> <a href="#a234.31">234(31)</a>.<br> -makaraàn <i lang="en">have passed</i> <a href= -"#a16.11">16(11)</a>.<br> -nakaraàn <i lang="en">has passed</i> <a href= -"#a18.38">18(38)</a>.<br> -pagkaraàn <i lang="en">a having passed</i> <a href= -"#a24.11">24(11)</a>.<br> -nakáraàn nakádaàn <i lang="en">came -upon</i> <a href="#a18.32">18(32)</a>.<br> -paraàn <i lang="en">manner</i>, <i lang="en">means</i> <a href= -"#a42.12">42(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dagàʾ <i lang="en">rat</i> <a href= -"#a84.20">84(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dagàn: dinaganàn <i lang="en">was lain -upon</i> <a href="#a44.38">44(38)</a>.<br> -magkádagàn <i lang="en">be one on top of the other</i> -<a href="#a270.24">270(24)</a>.<br> -magkàkàdagàn <i lang="en">will be one on top of -the other</i> <a href="#a270.26">270(26)</a>.<br> -nagkádagàn <i lang="en">were one on top of the other</i> -<a href="#a270.30">270(30)</a>.<br> -nagkàkàdagàn <i lang="en">are one on top of the -other</i> <a href="#a270.33">270(33)</a>.<br> -nagkàkàdagàn-dagàn <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a108.24">108(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dágat <i lang="en">sea</i> <a href= -"#a110.19">110(19)</a>.<br> -dagàt-dagátan <i lang="en">lake</i> <a href= -"#a261.34">261(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dágok <i lang="en">blow with the fist</i> -<a href="#a256.23">256(23)</a><br> -pinagdadagukàn <i lang="en">was variously struck at</i> <a href= -"#a84.21">84(21)</a> <i lang="en">and Corrigenda</i>.<br> -pinagdàdadagukàn <i lang="en">is being variously struck -at</i> <a href="#a256.22">256(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dáhil <i lang="en">cause</i> <a href= -"#a16.4">16(4)</a>. <a href="#a78.33">78(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a143.15">143(15)</a>. <a href="#a206.10">206(10)</a>. <a href= -"#p280"><b>280</b></a>.<br> -dahilàn <i lang="en">cause</i> <a href="#a22.6">22(6)</a>. -280.<br> -nagdàdahilàn <i lang="en">is alleging as cause</i> -<a href="#a187.10">187(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dáhon <i lang="en">leaf</i> <a href= -"#a16.9">16(9)</a>.<br> -nagdàdáhon <i lang="en">is putting out leaves</i> -<a href="#a232.16">232(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dáiŋ <i lang="en">that laid open</i> -<a href="#a250.37">250(37)</a>.<br> -daìŋ <i lang="en">laid open</i> <a href= -"#a222.29">222(29)</a>.<br> -dináiŋ <i lang="en">was laid open</i> <a href= -"#a244.7">244(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-daìŋ: dumádaìŋ <i lang= -"en">is complaining</i> <a href="#a40.41">40(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dáka: pagdáka <i lang= -"en">immediately</i> <a href="#a18.42">18(42)</a>.<br> -karáka-ráka <i lang="en">at once</i> <a href= -"#a207.20">207(20)</a>. <a href="#a267.30">267(30)</a>.<br> -pagkaráka <i lang="en">at once</i> <a href= -"#a288.40">288(40)</a>. <a href="#p265.5"><b>265</b>(5.9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dála <i lang="en">fishnet</i> <a href= -"#a240.7">240(7)</a>.<br> -dinála <i lang="en">was caught with the net</i> <a href= -"#a244.8">244(8)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb344" href= -"#pb344" name="pb344">344</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">dalà <i lang="en">that borne</i> <a href= -"#a34.22">34(22)</a> 38(27.34).<br> -dumalà <i lang="en">bear up</i> <a href= -"#a233.16">233(16)</a>.<br> -dumádalà <i lang="en">is bearing up</i> <a href= -"#a227.14">227(14)</a>.<br> -magdalà <i lang="en">bring</i>, <i lang="en">carry</i> <a href= -"#a106.32">106(32)</a>. <a href="#a233.17">233(17)</a>.<br> -nagdalà <i lang="en">brought</i> <a href= -"#a28.27">28(27)</a>.<br> -nagdádalà <i lang="en">is bringing</i> <a href= -"#a48.33">48(33)</a>. <a href="#a72.35">72(35)</a>. <a href= -"#a233.32">233(32)</a>.<br> -pagdadalà <i lang="en">a bringing</i> <a href= -"#a251.12">251(12)</a>.<br> -dalhìn <i lang="en">be carried</i> <a href= -"#a32.2">32(2)</a>.<br> -dàdalhìn <i lang="en">will be carried</i> <a href= -"#a34.4">34(4)</a>.<br> -dinalà <i lang="en">was carried</i> <a href= -"#a56.24">56(24)</a>.<br> -dinádalà <i lang="en">is being carried</i> <a href= -"#a40.19">40(19)</a>.<br> -dalhàn <i lang="en">be carried to</i> <a href= -"#a251.11">251(11)</a>.<br> -makadádalà <i lang="en">will be able to carry</i> -<a href="#a178.39">178(39)</a>.<br> -nakapagdalà <i lang="en">was able to bring</i> <a href= -"#a286.35">286(35)</a>.<br> -nakapagdádalà nakapápagdalà -nakákapagdalà <i lang="en">is able to bring</i> <a href= -"#a286.36">286(36)</a>.<br> -madalà <i lang="en">be able to be carried</i> <a href= -"#a16.4">16(4)</a>. <a href="#a283.25">283(25)</a>.<br> -madádalà <i lang="en">will be able to be carried</i> -<a href="#a34.31">34(31)</a>.<br> -nadalà <i lang="en">was able to be carried</i> <a href= -"#a283.22">283(22)</a>.<br> -nádalà <i lang="en">got carried off</i> <a href= -"#a293.6">293(6)</a>.<br> -nagpadalà <i lang="en">caused to be carried</i>, <i lang= -"en">sent</i> <a href="#a264.3">264(3)</a>.<br> -pagpapadalà <i lang="en">a sending</i> <a href= -"#a48.17">48(17)</a>.<br> -ipadalà <i lang="en">be sent</i> <a href= -"#a22.19">22(19)</a>.<br> -ipinadalà <i lang="en">was sent</i> <a href= -"#a90.32">90(32)</a>. <a href="#a306.7">306(7)</a>.<br> -ipinadádalà <i lang="en">is being sent</i> <a href= -"#a74.6">74(6)</a>.<br> -ipinagpapadalà <i lang="en">were repeatedly sent</i> <a href= -"#a58.25">58(25)</a>. <a href="#a307.26">307(26)</a>.<br> -pinadalhàn <i lang="en">was sent to</i> <a href= -"#a58.6">58(6)</a>.<br> -máipadalà <i lang="en">get sent</i> <a href= -"#a58.19">58(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dalága <i lang="en">young woman</i> <a href= -"#a36.26">36(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dalamhátiʾ <i lang="en">grief</i> <a href= -"#a219.31">219(31)</a>.<br> -pagdadalamhátiʾ <i lang="en">a grieving</i> <a href= -"#a74.13">74(13)</a>.<br> -pakikipagdalamhátiʾ <i lang="en">a grieving along</i> -<a href="#a112.26">112(26)</a>.<br> -kadalamhatían <i lang="en">grief</i> <a href= -"#a276.28">276(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dalandàn <i lang="en">orange</i> <a href= -"#a76.20">76(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dálaŋ: dumálaŋ <i lang= -"en">became infrequent</i> <a href="#a26.10">26(10)</a>.<br> -madálaŋ <i lang="en">infrequent</i> <a href= -"#a289.4">289(4)</a>.<br> -padaláŋin <i lang="en">be made infrequent</i> <a href= -"#a304.35">304(35)</a>.<br> -pàdalaŋìn <i lang="en">be made very infrequent</i> -<a href="#a305.14">305(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dalaŋhítaʾ <i lang="en">tangerine</i> -<a href="#a294.28">294(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-daláŋin: panaláŋin <i lang= -"en">prayer</i> <a href="#a94.33">94(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dalàs: dumádalàs <i lang="en">is -growing frequent</i> <a href="#a68.16">68(16)</a>.<br> -kadalasàn <i lang="en">frequency</i>, <i lang= -"en">frequently</i> <a href="#a40.40">40(40)</a>. <a href= -"#a186.22">186(22)</a>. <a href="#p262.4"><b>262</b>(4)</a>.<br> -madalàs <i lang="en">frequent</i> <a href="#a46.24">46(24)</a>. -<a href="#p269.1"><b>269</b>(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dálaw <i lang="en">visitor</i> <a href= -"#a112.29">112(29)</a>.<br> -dumálaw <i lang="en">paid a visit</i> <a href= -"#a64.9">64(9)</a>.<br> -dumàdálaw <i lang="en">pays a visit</i> <a href= -"#a112.36">112(36)</a>.<br> -nagsìsidálaw <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a112.25">112(25)</a>.<br> -pagdálaw <i lang="en">a visiting</i> <a href= -"#a86.28">86(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dalawà <i lang="en">see</i> -lawà.</p> -<p class="par">dalìʾ <i lang="en">hasten</i> <a href= -"#a221.41">221(41)</a>.<br> -dálì-dáliʾ <i lang="en">very quickly</i> -<a href="#a34.1">34(1)</a>. <a href="#a224.13">224(13)</a>.<br> -daliàn <i lang="en">be done quickly</i> <a href= -"#a251.12">251(12)</a>.<br> -madalìʾ <i lang="en">quick</i>, <i lang="en">soon</i> -<a href="#a94.28">94(28)</a>. <a href="#a102.11">102(11)</a>. <a href= -"#a166.16">166(16)</a>.<br> -madalì ŋ áraw: -nagmàmadalì-ŋ-áraw <i lang="en">it is -dawning</i> <a href="#a235.21">235(21)</a>.<br> -—magmadalìʾ <i lang="en">be quick</i> <a href= -"#a34.9">34(9)</a>.<br> -magmámadalìʾ <i lang="en">will hurry</i> <a href= -"#a235.38">235(38)</a>.<br> -pagmamadalìʾ <i lang="en">a hurrying</i> <a href= -"#a293.11">293(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dalíriʾ <i lang="en">finger</i> <a href= -"#a185.21">185(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dalò: dumalò <i lang="en">come for a -purpose</i>, <i lang="en">to aid</i> <a href="#a34.1">34(1)</a>. -<a href="#a38.11">38(11)</a>. <a href="#a304.1">304(1)</a>.<br> -nagsísidalò <i lang="en">are coming</i> <a href= -"#a114.36">114(36)</a>.<br> -daluhàn <i lang="en">be succored</i> <a href= -"#a58.39">58(39)</a>.<br> -dinaluhàn <i lang="en">was attended</i> <a href= -"#a100.18">100(18)</a>. <a href="#a251.14">251(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dáma S. <i lang="en">checkers</i> <a href= -"#a266.12">266(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-damàg: magdamàg <i lang="en">the whole -night</i> <a href="#a190.35">190(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">damdàm <i lang="en">feeling</i> <a href= -"#a102.16">102(16)</a>. <a href="#a219.32">219(32)</a>.<br> -dumamdàm <i lang="en">felt</i> <a href="#a227.15">227(15)</a>. -<a href="#a233.37">233(37)</a>.<br> -magdamdàm <i lang="en">feel oneself hurt</i> <a href= -"#a233.34">233(34)</a>.<br> -dináramdàm <i lang="en">is being regretted</i> <a href= -"#a82.9">82(9)</a>. <a href="#a244.10">244(10)</a>.<br> -damdámin <i lang="en">feeling</i>, <i lang="en">emotion</i> -<a href="#a276.29">276(29)</a>.<br> -makiramdàm <i lang="en">spy out</i> <a href= -"#a264.4">264(4)</a>.<br> -karamdáman <i lang="en">illness</i> <a href= -"#a207.31">207(31)</a>.<br> -nakáramdàm <i lang="en">felt</i> <a href= -"#a68.3">68(3)</a>. <a href="#a292.32">292(32)</a>.<br> -nakàràramdàm <i lang="en">is feeling</i> <a href= -"#a42.43">42(43)</a>.<br> -nàramdamàn <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb345" href= -"#pb345" name="pb345">345</a>]</span><i lang="en">was felt</i> <a href= -"#a201.26">201(26)</a>.<br> -nàràramdamàn <i lang="en">is being felt</i> -<a href="#a70.6">70(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dámi <i lang="en">multitude</i> <a href= -"#a112.21">112(21)</a>. <a href="#a267.27">267(27)</a>.<br> -dumámi <i lang="en">grew in number</i> <a href= -"#a60.32">60(32)</a>.<br> -dinamíhan <i lang="en">was made numerous</i> <a href= -"#a251.15">251(15)</a>.<br> -karamíhan <i lang="en">numerousness</i>, <i lang= -"en">majority</i> <a href="#a34.33">34(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a198.9">198(9)</a>. <a href="#p66"><b>66</b></a>. <a href= -"#p132"><b>132</b></a>.<br> -marámi <i lang="en">many</i> <a href="#a20.13">20(13)</a>. -<a href="#a28.27">28(27)</a>. <a href="#p69"><b>69</b></a>. <a href= -"#p71"><b>71</b></a>. <a href="#p99"><b>99</b></a>. <a href= -"#p110"><b>110</b></a>. <a href="#p138"><b>138</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">damìt <i lang="en">garment</i>, <i lang= -"en">cloth</i> <a href="#a52.22">52(22)</a>. <a href= -"#a169.2">169(2)</a>.<br> -pananamìt <i lang="en">clothing</i> <a href= -"#a32.33">32(33)</a>. <a href="#a219.14">219(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">damò ramò <i lang="en">grass</i> <a href= -"#a76.28">76(28)</a>. <i lang="en">See also</i> kalabàw, -púnoʾ.<br> -dinamuhàn <i lang="en">was cut grass from</i> <a href= -"#a251.16">251(16)</a>.<br> -damúhan <i lang="en">grass-field</i> <a href= -"#a18.33">18(33)</a>. <a href="#a259.17">259(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dámot <i lang="en">stinginess</i> <a href= -"#a268.5">268(5)</a>.<br> -kaydámot karámot <i lang="en">what stinginess</i> -<a href="#a268.5">268(5)</a>.<br> -kaydámot-dámot <i lang="en">what great stinginess</i> -<a href="#a268.4">268(4)</a>.<br> -karamútan <i lang="en">stinginess</i> <a href= -"#a34.18">34(18)</a>.<br> -marámot <i lang="en">stingy</i> <a href= -"#a60.22">60(22)</a>.<br> -mararámot <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a112.8">112(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dániw?: karaniyúwan karaniyúan -<i lang="en">usual</i>, <i lang="en">usually</i> <a href= -"#a36.15">36(15)</a>. <a href="#a40.9">40(9)</a>. <a href= -"#p262.6"><b>262</b>(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">daŋàl <i lang="en">honesty</i>, <i lang= -"en">honor</i> <a href="#a218.26">218(26)</a>.<br> -karàŋálan <i lang="en">honoring</i> <a href= -"#a90.13">90(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dapàʾ: dumapàʾ <i lang="en">lay -down on his face</i> <a href="#a227.17">227(17)</a>.<br> -nagdàdapá-dapáan <i lang="en">pretends to fall on -his face</i> <a href="#a108.18">108(18)</a>.<br> -nagkaŋdadápaʾ <i lang="en">sustained repeated falls on -his face</i> <a href="#a70.35">70(35)</a>. <a href= -"#a269.29">269(29)</a>.<br> -nagkàkaŋdadápaʾ <i lang="en">is falling -repeatedly on his face</i> <a href="#a269.31">269(31)</a>.<br> -nakadapàʾ <i lang="en">is prone</i> <a href= -"#a281.12">281(12)</a>.<br> -nárapàʾ <i lang="en">fell on his face</i> <a href= -"#a295.30">295(30)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e77085" title= -"Not in source">.</span> <i lang="en">Corrigenda</i>.<br> -pagkárapàʾ <i lang="en">a falling on one’s -face</i> <a href="#a295.39">295(39)</a>.<br> -napadapàʾ <i lang="en">had himself laid on his face</i> -<a href="#a311.27">311(27)</a>.<br> -náparapàʾ <i lang="en">fell on his face</i> <a href= -"#a312.11">312(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dápat <i lang="en">necessary</i>, <i lang= -"en">fitting</i> <a href="#a22.1">22(1)</a><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e77126" title="Not in source">.</span> <a href= -"#a36.9">36(9.20)</a>. <a href="#p268"><b>268</b></a>.<br> -karapatàn <i lang="en">due</i>, <i lang="en">right</i> <a href= -"#a276.8">276(8)</a>.<br> -marápat <i lang="en">deserving</i> <a href= -"#a80.20">80(20)</a>.<br> -nàràrápat <i lang="en">is appropriate</i> <a href= -"#a80.13">80(13)</a>. <a href="#a276.29">276(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rafayèl S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a270.5">270(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dápit: pagdápit <i lang="en">a calling -for</i> <a href="#a114.39">114(39)</a>.<br> -ipinadàdápit <i lang="en">is being caused to be called -for</i> <a href="#a114.18">114(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dápoʾ: dumápoʾ <i lang= -"en">struck</i>, <i lang="en">landed</i> <a href= -"#a16.31">16(31)</a>.<br> -pagdápoʾ <i lang="en">a hitting</i>, <i lang= -"en">landing</i> <a href="#a64.31">64(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a68.16">68(16)</a>.<br> -dinapúan <i lang="en">was landed on</i>, <i lang="en">was -hit</i> <a href="#a96.28">96(28)</a>. <a href= -"#a251.18">251(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">daràs <i lang="en">adze</i> <a href= -"#a58.14">58(14)</a>.<br> -pagdaràs <i lang="en">a chopping with the adze</i> <a href= -"#a60.3">60(3)</a>.<br> -darasìn <i lang="en">be trimmed with the adze</i> <a href= -"#a58.17">58(17)</a>.<br> -dinaràs <i lang="en">was trimmed with the adze</i> <a href= -"#a58.32">58(32)</a>.<br> -pinagdarasàn <i lang="en">was variously hewn off</i> <a href= -"#a58.17">58(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Daruwìn E. <i lang="en">family-n.</i> <a href= -"#a245.9">245(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dasàl (S.): magdasàl <i lang="en">say -prayers</i> <a href="#a78.37">78(37)</a>.<br> -nagdádasàl <i lang="en">is saying prayers</i> <a href= -"#a64.36">64(36)</a>.<br> -nagsísipagdasàl <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a114.30">114(30)</a>.<br> -pagdadasàl <i lang="en">a praying</i> <a href= -"#a104.4">104(4)</a>.<br> -pinagdàdasalàn <i lang="en">is being prayed in</i> -<a href="#a104.17">104(17)</a>.<br> -dàsálan <i lang="en">rosary</i> <a href= -"#a76.43">76(43<span class="corr" id="xd21e77332" title= -"Not in source">)</span></a>.</p> -<p class="par">dátapuwat <i lang="en">but</i> <a href= -"#a16.4">16(4)</a>. <a href="#p318"><b>318</b></a>. <a href= -"#p322"><b>322</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">dáti <i lang="en">formerly</i>; <i lang= -"en">since long ago</i> <a href="#a44.23">44(23)</a>. <a href= -"#a64.18">64(18)</a>. <a href="#p262"><b>262</b></a>(3).<br> -paráti <i lang="en">often</i> <a href="#a18.8">18(8)</a>. -<a href="#a30.28">30(28)</a>. <a href= -"#p262.12"><b>262</b>(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dátig: kadátig karátig <i lang= -"en">bordering on</i>, <i lang="en">next to</i> <a href= -"#a256.32">256(32)</a>. <a href="#a266.9">266(9)</a>.<br> -magkarátig <i lang="en">bordering on each other</i> <a href= -"#a270.2">270(2)</a>.<br> -nàkàkarátig <i lang="en">borders on</i> <a href= -"#a296.27">296(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-datìŋ: dumatìŋ <i lang= -"en">arrive</i> <a href="#a18.37">18(37)</a>. <i lang="en">arrived</i> -<a href="#a20.14">20(14)</a>.<br> -nagsidatìŋ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a118.34">118(34)</a>. <a href="#a232.1">232(1)</a>.<br> -dumáratìŋ <i lang="en">is arriving</i> <a href= -"#a18.35">18(35)</a>.<br> -dáratìŋ <i lang="en">will arrive</i> <a href= -"#a52.2">52(2)</a>.<br> -pagdatìn <i lang="en">an arriving</i> <a href= -"#a48.12">48(12)</a>. <a href="#a56.25">56(25)</a>.<br> -datnàn <i lang="en">be reached</i> <a href= -"#a56.32">56(32)</a>.<br> -dinatnàn <i lang="en">was reached</i> <a href= -"#a46.3">46(3)</a>.<br> -dinàratnàn <i lang="en">is being reached</i> <a href= -"#a64.7">64(7)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb346" href="#pb346" name= -"pb346">346</a>]</span>karáratìŋ <i lang="en">there -has been arriving</i> <a href="#a151.31">151(31)</a>.<br> -makaratìŋ <i lang="en">have arrived</i> <a href= -"#a82.38">82(38)</a>. <a href="#a100.1">100(1)</a>.<br> -nakaratìŋ <i lang="en">has arrived</i> <a href= -"#a34.21">34(21)</a>.<br> -màdatnàn <i lang="en">be come upon</i> <a href= -"#a88.36">88(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dáos: pagdadáos <i lang="en">a -performing</i> <a href="#a20.5">20(5)</a>.<br> -idáos <i lang="en">be performed</i> <a href= -"#a264.32">264(32)</a>.<br> -idináos <i lang="en">was performed</i> <a href= -"#a274.15">274(15)</a>.<br> -idinàdáos <i lang="en">is being performed</i> <a href= -"#a92.24">92(24)</a>. <a href="#a114.29">114(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dàw ràw <i lang="en">he says</i>, <i lang= -"en">they say</i> <a href="#p17"><b>17</b></a>. <a href= -"#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p217"><b>217</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dáyaʾ: magdàdáyaʾ -<i lang="en">will cheat</i> <a href="#a18.24">18(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dáyap <i lang="en">the lime</i> <a href= -"#a76.20">76(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dìʾ <i lang="en">not</i> <a href= -"#a38.17">38(17)</a>. <a href="#p237"><b>237</b></a>. <a href= -"#p239"><b>239</b></a>. <a href="#p301"><b>301</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ribàl S.: karibàl <i lang="en">rival</i> -<a href="#a46.21">46(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dibdìb <i lang="en">the chest</i> <a href= -"#a212.9">212(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dikdìk: dikdikìn <i lang="en">be -crushed</i> <a href="#a16.25">16(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dikìn <i lang="en">mat on which dishes are -set</i> <a href="#a221.32">221(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dikìt <i lang="en">blaze</i> <a href= -"#a220.30">220(30)</a>.<br> -paŋparikìt <i lang="en">kindlings</i> <a href= -"#a158.10">158(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dikìt: idinikì <i lang="en">was -pasted</i> <a href="#a52.10">52(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dikóla S. (<i lang="en">de cola</i>) <i lang= -"en">train</i> <a href="#a262.41">262(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dílaʾ <i lang="en">tongue</i> <a href= -"#a251.21">251(21)</a>. <a href="#a306.21">306(21)</a>.<br> -diláan <i lang="en">be licked</i> <a href= -"#a251.22">251(22)</a>.<br> -diniláan <i lang="en">was shown the tongue (as insult)</i> -<a href="#a251.20">251(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dílat: nadílat <i lang="en">came open</i> -<a href="#a24.24">24(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dilàw: madidilàw <i lang="en">yellow</i>, -<i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a291.19">291(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dilìg: paŋdilìg <i lang= -"en">implements for sprinkling</i> <a href="#a225.4">225(4)</a>.<br> -naŋdídilìg <i lang="en">is sprinkling</i> <a href= -"#a239.34">239(34)</a>.<br> -paŋdidilìg <i lang="en">a sprinkling</i> <a href= -"#a239.35">239(35)</a>.<br> -diligìn <i lang="en">be sprinkled</i> <a href= -"#a244.11">244(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dilìm <i lang="en">darkness</i> <a href= -"#a36.5">36(5)</a>.<br> -dumilìm <i lang="en">it grew dark</i> <a href= -"#a52.29">52(29)</a>.<br> -pagdilìm <i lang="en">a growing dark</i> <a href= -"#a36.32">36(32)</a>.<br> -kadilimàn <i lang="en">darkness</i> <a href= -"#a72.1">72(1)</a>.<br> -madilìm <i lang="en">dark</i> <a href="#a40.15">40(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Del-Pilàr S. <i lang="en">family-n.</i> <a href= -"#a241.25">241(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">relòs S. <i lang="en">watch</i> <a href= -"#a137.41">137(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dimóniyo S. <i lang="en">demon</i> <a href= -"#a40.5">40(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dìn rìn <i lang="en">also</i>, <i lang= -"en">again</i> <a href="#a18.16">18(16)</a>. <a href= -"#p17"><b>17</b></a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p218"><b>218</b></a>. <a href="#p221"><b>221</b></a>. <a href= -"#p227"><b>227</b></a>. <a href="#p238"><b>238</b></a>. <a href= -"#p239"><b>239</b></a>. <a href="#p262.11"><b>262</b>(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dindìŋ, <i lang="en">see</i> -diŋdìŋ.</p> -<p class="par">díne ríne <i lang="en">loc. of</i> -irè: <i lang="en">here</i> 316 (27). <a href= -"#p17"><b>17</b></a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p263"><b>263</b></a>.<br> -nàrìrinè <i lang="en">is here</i> <a href= -"#a74.21">74(21)</a>.<br> -paríne <i lang="en">come here</i> <a href= -"#a301.33">301(33)</a>.<br> -pumaríne <i lang="en">come here</i> <a href= -"#a302.8">302(8)</a>.<br> -naparíne <i lang="en">came here</i> <a href= -"#a312.3">312(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dinìg: makárinìg <i lang= -"en">hear</i> <a href="#a24.18">24(18)</a>.<br> -nakárinìg <i lang="en">heard</i> <a href= -"#a20.19">20(19)</a>. <a href="#a292.33">292(33)</a>.<br> -márinìg <i lang="en">be heard</i> <a href= -"#a28.19">28(19)</a>.<br> -nárinìg <i lang="en">was heard</i> <a href= -"#a20.41">20(41)</a>.<br> -nàrìrinìg <i lang="en">is being heard</i> <a href= -"#a114.12">114(12)</a>.<br> -pagkárinìg <i lang="en">a hearing</i> <a href= -"#a18.13">18(13)</a>. <a href="#a176.41">176(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">diŋdìŋ dindìŋ <i lang= -"en">wall</i> <a href="#a62.20">62(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Risàl S. <i lang="en">family-n.</i>, <i lang= -"en">Rizal</i> <a href="#a275.43">275(43)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">desgrásiya S. <i lang="en">misfortune</i> -<a href="#a276.39">276(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-distíno S.: idinistíno <i lang="en">was -assigned to the parish</i> <a href="#a96.2">96(2)</a>.<br> -nàdistíno <i lang="en">got assigned</i> <a href= -"#a50.9">50(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">retáso S. <i lang="en">patch</i> <a href= -"#a239.10">239(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-retráto S.: retratúhan <i lang="en">be -photographed</i> <a href="#a281.14">281(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">díto ríto <i lang="en">loc. of</i> -itò: <i lang="en">here</i>, <i lang="en">hither</i>; <i lang= -"en">to him</i> <a href="#a16.4">16(4)</a>. <a href= -"#a18.22">18(22)</a>. <a href="#a316.27">316(27)</a>. <a href= -"#p17"><b>17</b></a>. <span class="sc">47.</span> <a href= -"#p263"><b>263</b></a>. <a href="#p280"><b>280</b></a>.<br> -nàrìritò <i lang="en">is here</i> <a href= -"#a70.26">70(26)</a>. <a href="#a184.36">184(36)</a>. <a href= -"#a203.6">203(6)</a>.<br> -pumàparíto <i lang="en">comes here</i> <a href= -"#a204.18">204(18)</a>.<br> -pàparíto <i lang="en">will come here</i> <a href= -"#a302.11">302(11)</a>. <a href="#a306.11">306(11)</a>.<br> -pagparíto <i lang="en">a coming here</i> <a href= -"#a203.5">203(5)</a>.<br> -pinàparíto <i lang="en">is being sent here</i> <a href= -"#a104.20">104(20)</a>.<br> -ipinaríto <i lang="en">was come here for</i> <a href= -"#a307.1">307(1)</a>.<br> -naparíto <i lang="en">came here</i> <a href= -"#a44.9">44(9)</a>.<br> -napàparíto <i lang="en">comes <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb347" href="#pb347" name= -"pb347">347</a>]</span>here</i> <a href="#a191.16">191(16)</a>.<br> -màparíto <i lang="en">get here</i> <a href= -"#a184.35">184(35)</a>.<br> -màpàparíto <i lang="en">will get here</i> <a href= -"#a312.15">312(15)</a>.<br> -nàparíto <i lang="en">got here</i> <a href= -"#a312.13">312(13)</a>.<br> -nàpàparíto <i lang="en">gets here</i> <a href= -"#a312.15">312(15)</a>.<br> -pagkàparíto <i lang="en">a getting here</i> <a href= -"#a313.1">313(1)</a>.<br> -makàparí-paríto <i lang="en">never come here</i> -<a href="#a313.3">313(3)</a> <i lang="en">Corrigenda</i>.</p> -<p class="par">-díwaŋ: nagdíwaŋ <i lang= -"en">celebrated</i> <a href="#a275.43">275(43)</a>.<br> -pagdiríwaŋ <i lang="en">a celebrating</i> <a href= -"#a90.13">90(13)</a>.<br> -ipinagdìdíwaŋ <i lang="en">is being celebrated</i> -<a href="#a110.12">110(12)</a>. <a href="#a249.23">249(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">diyàn riyàn <i lang="en">loc. of</i> -iyàn: <i lang="en">there</i>, <i lang="en">thither</i>, <i lang= -"en">from there</i> <a href="#a182.27">182(27)</a>. <a href= -"#a316.27">316(27)</a>. <a href="#p17"><b>17</b></a>. <a href= -"#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p263"><b>263</b></a>.<br> -náriyàn <i lang="en">went there</i>, <i lang="en">was -there</i> <a href="#a191.14">191(14)</a>.<br> -pápariyàn <i lang="en">will go there</i> <a href= -"#a302.13">302(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">diyáriyo S. <i lang="en">newspaper</i> <a href= -"#a284.11">284(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Diyégo S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a100.40">100(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Diyòs S. <i lang="en">God</i> <a href= -"#a64.4">64(4)</a>. <a href="#a182.40">182(40)</a>. <a href= -"#p59"><b>59</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dugtòŋ: idinugtòŋ <i lang= -"en">was said in continuation</i> <a href="#a80.28">80(28)</a>. -<a href="#a102.19">102(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dugòʾ <i lang="en">blood</i> <a href= -"#a22.8">22(8)</a>.<br> -nagdudugòʾ <i lang="en">bled profusely</i> <a href= -"#a88.28">88(28)</a>. <a href="#a282.38">282(38)</a>.<br> -pagdudugòʾ <i lang="en">a bleeding</i> <a href= -"#a46.8">46(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dúkit: dumúkit <i lang="en">carved</i> -<a href="#a88.8">88(8)</a>.<br> -paŋdudúkit <i lang="en">sculpture</i> <a href= -"#a90.3">90(3)</a>.<br> -maŋdudúkit mandurúkit <i lang="en">carver</i>, -<i lang="en">sculptor</i> <a href="#a86.18">86(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a104.8">104(8)</a>.<br> -dukítin <i lang="en">be carved</i> <a href= -"#a90.11">90(11)</a>.<br> -dinúkit <i lang="en">was carved</i> <a href= -"#a90.9">90(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-duklày: nagdùduklày-duklày -<i lang="en">keeps blurting out</i> <a href="#a114.15">114(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">doktò S. <i lang="en">learned man</i> <a href= -"#a168.9">168(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dúkot: idinùdúkot <i lang="en">is -being scooped out</i> <a href="#a110.2">110(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dúlaŋ <i lang="en">low table</i> <a href= -"#a252.1">252(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dulàs: madulàs <i lang="en">slippery</i> -<a href="#a313.41">313(41)</a>.<br> -mádulàs <i lang="en">slip</i> <a href= -"#a313.35">313(35)</a>.<br> -pagkádulàs <i lang="en">a slipping</i> <a href= -"#a313.39">313(39)</a>.<br> -magpadulàs <i lang="en">let oneself slide</i> <a href= -"#a313.36">313(36)</a>.<br> -pagpapadulàs <i lang="en">a letting oneself slide</i> <a href= -"#a294.29">294(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dúlo <i lang="en">end</i> <a href= -"#a16.7">16(7)</a>.<br> -dúlo-ŋ-bandà-ŋ-kaliwàʾ <i lang= -"en">left-hand end</i> <a href="#a274.28">274(28)</a>.<br> -dúlo-ŋ-bandà-ŋ-kánan <i lang= -"en">right-hand end</i> <a href="#a211.1">211(1)</a>.<br> -dulúhan <i lang="en">end part</i>, <i lang="en">back yard</i> -<a href="#a34.38">34(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Romanìsmo S. <i lang="en">Romanism</i> <a href= -"#a56.14">56(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dumì: pagdumì <i lang="en">defecation</i> -<a href="#a42.4">42(4)</a>.<br> -marumì <i lang="en">dirty</i> <a href="#a94.7">94(7)</a>. 219 -(36).</p> -<p class="par">Don-Nasáriyo S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a116.26">116(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dúnoŋ <i lang="en">knowledge</i> <a href= -"#a28.15">28(15)</a>.<br> -karúnoŋ <i lang="en">what wisdom</i> <a href= -"#a173.42">173(42)</a>.<br> -karunúŋan <i lang="en">wisdom</i> <a href= -"#a276.30">276(30)</a>.<br> -marúnoŋ <i lang="en">wise</i>, <i lang="en">knowing</i>, -<i lang="en">knowing how to</i> <a href="#a16.1">16(1)</a>. <a href= -"#a26.1">26(1)</a>. <a href="#p269.8"><b>269</b>(8)</a>.<br> -pagmamarúnoŋ <i lang="en">a pretending to be wise</i> -<a href="#a167.29">167(29)</a>.<br> -pagpapakamarúnoŋ <i lang="en">a making oneself wise</i> -<a href="#a309.24">309(24)</a>.<br> -pinakamarúnoŋ <i lang="en">wisest</i> <a href= -"#a309.40">309(40)</a>.<br> -marurúnoŋ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a48.10">48(10)</a>.<br> -nagparúnoŋ <i lang="en">caused to be educated</i> <a href= -"#a90.40">90(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-duŋò: nagdúduŋò <i lang= -"en">is shy</i> <a href="#a285.17">285(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dúroʾ <i lang="en">stitch</i> <a href= -"#a224.1">224(1)</a>.<br> -durúin <i lang="en">be pricked</i> <a href= -"#a244.1">244(1)</a>.<br> -durúan <i lang="en">be stuck into</i> <a href= -"#a251.22">251(22)</a>. <i lang="en">a spit</i> <a href= -"#a221.8">221(8)</a>.<br> -duruàn <i lang="en">place for sticking</i> <a href= -"#a260.6">260(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-dúrog: dinúrog <i lang="en">was -crumbled</i> <a href="#a32.18">32(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">dúsa <i lang="en">suffering</i> <a href= -"#a245.18">245(18)</a>.<br> -pagdudúsa <i lang="en">a suffering</i> <a href= -"#a76.24">76(24)</a>.<br> -parúsa <i lang="en">punishment</i> <a href= -"#a16.28">16(28)</a>.<br> -nagpàparúsa <i lang="en">is causing to suffer</i> -<a href="#a42.9">42(9)</a>.<br> -pagpaparúsa <i lang="en">a causing to suffer</i> <a href= -"#a42.16">42(16)</a>.<br> -ipinarùrúsa <i lang="en">is being caused to be -suffered</i> <a href="#a313.10">313(10)</a>.<br> -parusáhan <i lang="en">be punished</i> <a href= -"#a16.22">16(22)</a>.<br> -parùrusáhan <i lang="en">will be punished</i> <a href= -"#a16.24">16(24)</a>.<br> -pinarusáhan <i lang="en">was punished</i> <a href= -"#a292.19">292(19)</a>.<br> -pinarùrusáhan <i lang="en">is being punished</i> <a href= -"#a222.18">222(18)</a>. <a href="#a233.1">233(1)</a>. <a href= -"#a308.8">308(8)</a>.<br> -pàrusahàn <i lang="en">place of punishment</i> <a href= -"#a74.21">74(21)</a>. <a href="#a309.12">309(12)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb348" href="#pb348" name= -"pb348">348</a>]</span>màpàparusáhan <i lang= -"en">will get punished</i> <a href="#a22.5">22(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a313.6">313(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">rosáriyo S. <i lang="en">rosary</i> <a href= -"#a104.4">104(4)</a>.<br> -magrosáriyo <i lang="en">pray a rosary</i> <a href= -"#a104.17">104(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Rúso S. <i lang="en">Russian</i> <a href= -"#a306.19">306(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">doòn roòn ron <i lang="en">loc. of</i> -iyòn: <i lang="en">there</i>; <i lang="en">to him</i>, <i lang= -"en">to it</i> <a href="#a18.40">18(40)</a>. <a href= -"#a38.17">38(17)</a>. <a href="#a316.27">316(27)</a>. <a href= -"#p17"><b>17</b></a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p263"><b>263</b></a>.<br> -dumoòn <i lang="en">go there</i> <a href= -"#a20.26">20(26)</a>.<br> -magkaroòn <i lang="en">get</i>, <i lang="en">have</i> <a href= -"#a96.3">96(3)</a>.<br> -nagkaroòn <i lang="en">got</i>, <i lang="en">had</i> <a href= -"#a24.35">24(35)</a>. <a href="#a52.30">52(30)</a>. <a href= -"#a268.25">268(25)</a>.<br> -kinàdòroonàn <i lang="en">is been in</i> <a href= -"#a74.33">74(33)</a>. <a href="#a90.18">90(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a279.13">279(13)</a>.<br> -nároòn nàndon <i lang="en">got there</i>, <i lang= -"en">is there</i> <a href="#a36.33">36(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a193.15">193(15)</a>. <a href="#p39"><b>39</b></a>. <a href= -"#p468"><b>468</b></a>.<br> -nàròroòn <i lang="en">is there</i> <a href= -"#a42.36">42(36)</a>. <a href="#a74.12">74(12)</a>. <a href= -"#a264.10">264(10)</a>.<br> -paroòn <i lang="en">go there</i> <a href= -"#a301.33">301(33)</a>.<br> -pumaroòn <i lang="en">go there</i> <a href="#a20.15">20(15)</a>. -<i lang="en">went there</i> <a href="#a76.27">76(27)</a>.<br> -páparoòn <i lang="en">will go there</i> <a href= -"#a88.13">88(13)</a>. <a href="#a207.30">207(30)</a>. <a href= -"#a302.18">302(18)</a>.<br> -pagparoòn <i lang="en">a going there</i> <a href= -"#a72.40">72(40)</a>. <a href="#a302.16">302(16)</a>.<br> -parunàn <i lang="en">be gone to</i> <a href= -"#a70.34">70(34)</a>.<br> -pinaroonàn pinaronàn pinarunàn <i lang="en">was -gone to</i> <a href="#a46.4">46(4)</a>. <a href= -"#a138.37">138(37)</a>.<br> -ikináparoòn <i lang="en">was the cause of going there</i> -<a href="#a310.11">310(11)</a>.<br> -makaparòn <i lang="en">be able to go there</i> <a href= -"#a100.16">100(16)</a>.<br> -naparoòn <i lang="en">went there</i> <a href= -"#a20.23">20(23)</a>. <a href="#a312.5">312(5)</a>.<br> -pagkáparoòn <i lang="en">a getting there</i> <a href= -"#a300.9">300(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-doòp: pinagdódoòp <i lang= -"en">were brought together (hands)</i> <a href="#a96.8">96(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">duwàg <i lang="en">coward</i> <a href= -"#a312.22">312(22)</a>.<br> -kaduwágan <i lang="en">cowardice</i> <a href= -"#a116.14">116(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">duwènde S. <i lang="en">dwarf</i>, <i lang= -"en">elf</i> <a href="#a30.24">30(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Dòytsland E. <i lang="en">n. of a ship</i> -<a href="#a268.29">268(29)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e79146" class="main">G.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">-gaàn: magaàn <i lang= -"en">light</i><span class="corr" id="xd21e79152" title= -"Not in source">,</span> <i lang="en">easy</i> <a href= -"#a48.2">48(2)</a>. <a href="#a255.2">255(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gaáno, <i lang="en">see</i> anò.</p> -<p class="par">gabì <i lang="en">night</i>, <i lang= -"en">evening</i> <a href="#a36.2">36(2)</a>. <i lang="en">See also</i> -áraw.<br> -gabì-gabì <i lang="en">every night</i> <a href= -"#a62.38">62(38)</a>. <a href="#p331"><b>331</b></a>.<br> -ginágabì <i lang="en">is being overtaken by night</i> -<a href="#a244.12">244(12)</a>.<br> -kagabì <i lang="en">last night</i> <a href= -"#a190.15">190(15)</a>. <a href="#p259"><b>259</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">gága <i lang="en">madwoman</i> <a href= -"#a44.25">44(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gagambà <i lang="en">spider</i> <a href= -"#a262.23">262(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gálaŋ: magálaŋ <i lang= -"en">polite</i> <a href="#a237.19">237(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a289.5">289(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gálaw: paggálaw <i lang="en">a moving</i> -<a href="#a192.20">192(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gáliŋ <i lang="en">coming from</i> <a href= -"#a40.5">40(5)</a>. <a href="#a193.18">193(18)</a>.<br> -naŋgáliŋ <i lang="en">came from</i> <a href= -"#a193.22">193(22)</a>.<br> -naŋgàgáliŋ <i lang="en">is coming from</i> -<a href="#a193.22">193(22)</a>.<br> -pinaŋgalíŋan <i lang="en">was come from</i> <a href= -"#a256.30">256(30)</a>.<br> -pinaŋgàgalíŋan <i lang="en">is being come -from</i> <a href="#a32.30">32(30)</a>.<br> -kagàgáliŋ <i lang="en">there has just been coming -from</i> <a href="#a267.14">267(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">galìŋ <i lang="en">skill</i> <a href= -"#a58.6">58(6)</a>.<br> -gumalìŋ <i lang="en">got well</i> <a href= -"#a54.10">54(10)</a>.<br> -magalìŋ <i lang="en">skilful</i>; <i lang="en">well</i> -<a href="#a46.29">46(29)</a>. <a href="#p269.2"><b>269</b>(2)</a>.<br> -magagalìŋ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a94.32">94(32)</a>.<br> -pagpapagalìŋ <i lang="en">a causing to get well</i> -<a href="#a42.22">42(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gálit (a) <i lang="en">anger</i> <a href= -"#a22.15">22(15)</a>.<br> -ikagálit <i lang="en">be the cause of anger</i> <a href= -"#a195.39">195(39)</a>.<br> -ikinagálit <i lang="en">was the cause of anger</i> <a href= -"#a303.24">303(24)</a>.<br> -kinagalítan <i lang="en">was the object of anger</i> <a href= -"#a274.15">274(15)</a>.<br> -kinagàgalítan <i lang="en">is the object of anger</i> -<a href="#a40.36">40(36)</a>.<br> -nagálit <i lang="en">got angry</i> <a href= -"#a16.20">16(20)</a>.<br> -nagàgálit <i lang="en">gets angry</i> <a href= -"#a106.28">106(28)</a>.<br> -pagkagálit <i lang="en">a getting angry</i> <a href= -"#a176.39">176(39)</a>.<br> -nàkagalítan <i lang="en">happened to be the object of -anger</i> <a href="#a52.40">52(40)</a>. <a href= -"#a298.28">298(28)</a>.<br> -magpagálit <i lang="en">cause to get angry</i> <a href= -"#a98.32">98(32)</a>.<br> -palagalitìn <i lang="en">hot-head</i> <a href= -"#a315.18">315(18)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: galìt <i lang= -"en">angry</i> <a href="#a177.39">177(39)</a>.<br> -kagalìt <i lang="en">at odds</i> <a href= -"#a266.39">266(39)</a>.<br> -nagkagalìt <i lang="en">had a falling out</i> <a href= -"#a269.19">269(19)</a>.<br> -pagkakagalìt <i lang="en">a falling out</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb349" href="#pb349" name= -"pb349">349</a>]</span>155(27). <a href="#a269.19">269(19)</a>.<br> -nagkagá-kagalìt <i lang="en">got angry at each other</i>, -<i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a269.25">269(25)</a>.<br> -kàgalítan <i lang="en">quarrel</i> <a href= -"#a236.36">236(36)</a>. <a href="#a279.34">279(34)</a>.<br> -pagkakàgalítan <i lang="en">a quarreling together</i> -<a href="#a222.42">222(42)</a>. <a href="#a279.39">279(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gambálaʾ: nagambálaʾ <i lang= -"en">was disturbed</i> <a href="#a284.36">284(36)</a>.<br> -nàgambálaʾ <i lang="en">was unintentionally -disturbed</i> <a href="#a293.8">293(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gámit <i lang="en">that used</i> <a href= -"#a46.39">46(39)</a>.<br> -gamìt <i lang="en">used</i>, <i lang="en">second-hand</i> -<a href="#a183.15">183(15)</a>.<br> -gumámit <i lang="en">use</i> <a href="#a58.14">58(14)</a>. -<i lang="en">used</i> <a href="#a94.4">94(4)</a>.<br> -gumàgámit <i lang="en">is using</i> <a href= -"#a202.17">202(17)</a>.<br> -paggámit <i lang="en">a using</i> <a href= -"#a56.37">56(37)</a>.<br> -gamítin <i lang="en">be used</i> <a href= -"#a161.20">161(20)</a>.<br> -gàgamítin <i lang="en">will be used</i> <a href= -"#a234.22">234(22)</a>.<br> -ginámit <i lang="en">was used</i> <a href= -"#a60.26">60(26)</a>.<br> -ginàgámit <i lang="en">is being used</i> <a href= -"#a40.35">40(35)</a>.<br> -gamítan <i lang="en">be used on</i> <a href= -"#a58.16">58(16)</a>.<br> -kagamitàn <i lang="en">use</i>, <i lang="en">employment</i> -<a href="#a36.23">36(23)</a>. <a href="#a120.15">120(15)</a>.<br> -magámit <i lang="en">be able to be used</i> <a href= -"#a20.5">20(5)</a>. <a href="#a74.7">74(7)</a>. <a href= -"#a283.26">283(26)</a>.<br> -nagámit <i lang="en">was able to be used</i> <a href= -"#a230.14">230(14)</a>.<br> -nàgámit <i lang="en">was accidentally used</i> <a href= -"#a293.10">293(10)</a>.<br> -pagkàgámit <i lang="en">the way of using</i>, <i lang= -"en">chance ability to use</i> <a href="#a240.3">240(3)</a>. <a href= -"#a291.40">291(40)</a>.<br> -ipinagàgámit <i lang="en">is being caused to be used</i> -<a href="#a306.9">306(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gamòt <i lang="en">medicine</i> <a href= -"#a54.9">54(9)</a>.<br> -paŋgamòt <i lang="en">means of curing</i> <a href= -"#a46.14">46(14)</a>.<br> -gumamòt <i lang="en">cure</i> <a href="#a46.13">46(13)</a>.<br> -gumágamòt <i lang="en">is curing</i> <a href= -"#a46.16">46(16)</a>.<br> -paggamòt <i lang="en">a curing</i> <a href= -"#a42.15">42(15)</a>.<br> -maŋgagamòt maŋgagámot <i lang= -"en">physician</i> <a href="#a28.24">28(24)</a>. 44(28.30). <a href= -"#a243.10">243(10)</a>.<br> -paŋgagamòt <i lang="en">curing</i> <a href= -"#a42.25">42(25)</a>.<br> -gamutìn <i lang="en">be treated</i> <a href= -"#a46.23">46(23)</a>.<br> -ginamòt <i lang="en">was treated</i> <a href= -"#a46.4">46(4)</a>.<br> -ginágamòt <i lang="en">is being treated</i> <a href= -"#a290.13">290(13)</a>.<br> -ipinagamòt <i lang="en">was caused to be treated</i> <a href= -"#a54.8">54(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gána S.: gumàgána <i lang="en">is -earning</i> <a href="#a227.18">227(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ganà <i lang="en">concern</i> <a href= -"#a98.6">98(6)</a>. <a href="#a281.25">281(25)</a>. <a href= -"#p198"><b>198</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">gandà <i lang="en">beauty</i> <a href= -"#a70.11">70(11)</a>.<br> -magandà <i lang="en">beautiful</i> <a href="#a48.15">48(15)</a>. -<a href="#a152.3">152(3)</a>.<br> -magagandà <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a72.19">72(19)</a>.<br> -nagpápagandà <i lang="en">is causing to be beautiful</i> -<a href="#a48.18">48(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ganitò, <i lang="en">see</i> itò.</p> -<p class="par">ganiyàn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyàn.</p> -<p class="par">gantì <i lang="en">that given in return</i> -<a href="#a90.12">90(12)</a>. <a href="#a200.33">200(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a272.11">272(11)</a>.<br> -gantì ŋ pálaʾ: -gumantì-ŋ-pálaʾ <i lang="en">return favors</i> -<a href="#a231.14">231(14)</a>.<br> -gumantì <i lang="en">act in retaliation</i> <a href= -"#a227.19">227(19)</a>.<br> -maŋhigantì <i lang="en">take vengeance</i> <a href= -"#a24.25">24(25)</a>. <a href="#a241.19">241(19)</a>.<br> -maŋhíhigantì <i lang="en">will take vengeance</i> -<a href="#a241.21">241(21)</a>.<br> -gantihìn <i lang="en">be given return for</i> <a href= -"#a58.9">58(9)</a>.<br> -paŋhigantihàn <i lang="en">be the object of vengeance</i> -<a href="#a40.38">40(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gáno, <i lang="en">see</i> anò.</p> -<p class="par">ganoòn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyòn.</p> -<p class="par">-gápaŋ: gumàgápaŋ -<i lang="en">is crawling</i> <a href="#a18.3">18(3)</a>.<br> -paggápaŋ <i lang="en">a crawling</i> <a href= -"#a18.4">18(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gápas: paŋgápas <i lang="en">kind of -knife</i> <a href="#a225.5">225(5)</a>.<br> -gumápas <i lang="en">cut</i>, <i lang="en">slice</i> <a href= -"#a227.20">227(20)</a>.<br> -pinaŋgàgapásan <i lang="en">is being cut from</i> -<a href="#a256.32">256(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gápos: iginápos <i lang="en">was tied -down</i> <a href="#a58.31">58(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gastà S.: paggastà <i lang="en">a -spending</i> <a href="#a248.11">248(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gàstos S. <i lang="en">expense</i> <a href= -"#a54.27">54(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gátas <i lang="en">milk</i> <a href= -"#a175.1">175(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gawàʾ <i lang="en">that done</i> <a href= -"#a54.20">54(20)</a>. <a href="#a74.8">74(8)</a>. <a href= -"#a240.34">240(34)</a>. <a href="#a277.24">277(24)</a>.<br> -gumawàʾ <i lang="en">do</i>, <i lang="en">make</i> <a href= -"#a244.35">244(35)</a>.<br> -paggawàʾ <i lang="en">a making</i>, <i lang="en">doing</i> -<a href="#a86.10">86(10)</a>. <a href="#a202.36">202(36)</a>.<br> -gawìn <i lang="en">be done</i>, <i lang="en">made</i> <a href= -"#a24.17">24(17)</a>.<br> -gàgawìn <i lang="en">will be made</i>, <i lang= -"en">done</i> <a href="#a32.6">32(6)</a>. <a href= -"#a104.1">104(1)</a>.<br> -ginawàʾ <i lang="en">was done</i>, <i lang="en">made</i> -<a href="#a20.36">20(36)</a>.<br> -ginágawàʾ <i lang="en">is being done</i>, <i lang= -"en">made</i> 44(3.9).<br> -pinaggagawàʾ <i lang="en">was variously done</i> <a href= -"#a310.8">310(8)</a>.<br> -ginawaàn <i lang="en">was done to</i> <a href= -"#a74.40">74(40)</a>. 76(3.6).<br> -gàwáan <i lang="en">workshop</i> <a href= -"#a58.41">58(41)</a>.<br> -gawaàn <i lang="en">factory</i> <a href= -"#a315.35">315(35)</a>.<br> -kagagawàn <i lang="en">surprisingly</i>, <i lang="en">illicitly -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb350" href="#pb350" name= -"pb350">350</a>]</span>done</i> <a href="#a277.23">277(23)</a>.<br> -nakagawàʾ <i lang="en">succeeded in making</i> <a href= -"#a86.7">86(7)</a>.<br> -nakagágawàʾ <i lang="en">is able to make</i> -<a href="#a281.28">281(28)</a>.<br> -magawàʾ <i lang="en">be able to be done</i> <a href= -"#a30.6">30(6)</a>. <a href="#a56.2">56(2)</a>.<br> -magágawàʾ <i lang="en">will be able to be done</i> -<a href="#a18.20">18(20)</a>. <a href="#a74.27">74(27)</a>.<br> -nagawàʾ <i lang="en">has been done</i> <a href= -"#a54.40">54(40)</a>.<br> -nagágawàʾ <i lang="en">can be done</i> <a href= -"#a102.30">102(30)</a>.<br> -pagkagawàʾ <i lang="en">a having made</i>, <i lang= -"en">ability to make</i> 282(10.28).<br> -mapaggawàʾ <i lang="en">given to doing</i> <a href= -"#a98.31">98(31)</a>.<br> -mágawàʾ <i lang="en">chance to be done</i> <a href= -"#a238.36">238(36)</a>.<br> -pagkágawàʾ <i lang="en">the way making turned -out</i> <a href="#a291.3">291(3)</a>.<br> -pagawàʾ <i lang="en">ordered to be made</i> <a href= -"#a104.11">104(11)</a>.<br> -nagpagawàʾ <i lang="en">caused to be made</i> <a href= -"#a104.8">104(8)</a>.<br> -ipinagawàʾ <i lang="en">was caused to be made</i> <a href= -"#a104.15">104(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gawìʾ <i lang="en">direction</i> <a href= -"#a163.28">163(28)</a>. <a href="#a193.28">193(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gáya <i lang="en">like</i> <a href= -"#a18.8">18(8)</a>. <a href="#a316.30">316(30)</a>. <a href= -"#p272"><b>272</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">gayòn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyòn.</p> -<p class="par">gibàʾ <i lang="en">broken-down</i> <a href= -"#a225.9">225(9)</a>.<br> -gibá-gibàʾ <i lang="en">tumble-down</i> <a href= -"#a290.36">290(36)</a>.<br> -maŋágibàʾ <i lang="en">collapse</i>, <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a296.3">296(3)</a>.<br> -maŋàgìgibàʾ <i lang="en">will -collapse</i> <a href="#a296.5">296(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gílas <i lang="en">energy</i>, <i lang= -"en">enterprise</i> <a href="#a48.32">48(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gílid: tagílid <i lang="en">side</i> -<a href="#a315.27">315(27)</a>.<br> -tumagílid <i lang="en">turned the side to</i> <a href= -"#a231.17">231(17)</a>.<br> -pagtagílid <i lang="en">a moving side-ways</i> <a href= -"#a192.20">192(20)</a>. <a href="#a231.17">231(17)</a>.<br> -tinagilíran <i lang="en">was hurt in the side</i> <a href= -"#a254.18">254(18)</a>.<br> -tinaligdàn <i lang="en">was turned the side to</i> <a href= -"#a254.19">254(19)</a>.<br> -tagilíran <i lang="en">side wall</i>, <i lang="en">side part</i> -<a href="#a261.29">261(29)</a>.<br> -nàtàtagílid <i lang="en">is inclined to one -side</i> <a href="#a296.24">296(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gíliw <i lang="en">respected</i> <a href= -"#a219.3">219(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ginàw <i lang="en">cold feeling</i> <a href= -"#a280.38">280(38)</a>.<br> -naginàw <i lang="en">got cold</i> <a href= -"#a285.17">285(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ginháwa: guminháwa <i lang="en">became -comfortable</i> <a href="#a227.20">227(20)</a>.<br> -gumìginháwa <i lang="en">is getting comfortable</i> -<a href="#a227.21">227(21)</a>.<br> -kaginhawáhan <i lang="en">comfort</i>, <i lang="en">bliss</i> -<a href="#a72.20">72(20)</a>.<br> -nakaginháwa <i lang="en">caused to be comfortable</i> <a href= -"#a280.36">280(36)</a>.<br> -maginháwa <i lang="en">comfortable</i> <a href= -"#a289.6">289(6)</a>.<br> -nagpaginháwa <i lang="en">caused to be comfortable</i> <a href= -"#a302.32">302(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gíniŋ <i lang="en">Miss</i>, <i lang= -"en">Mrs.</i> <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">gintò <i lang="en">gold</i> <a href= -"#a311.20">311(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ginoò <i lang="en">Mr.</i>, <i lang= -"en">gentleman</i> <a href="#a54.37">54(37)</a>. <a href= -"#a100.30">100(30)</a>. <a href="#a219.3">219(3)</a>. <a href= -"#a289.5">289(5)</a>. <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gìŋ <a href="#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href= -"#p250"><b>250</b></a>. <a href="#p516"><b>516</b></a>.: -magìŋ <i lang="en">become</i> <a href="#a18.26">18(26)</a>. -<a href="#a314.18">314(18)</a>.<br> -magígiŋ <i lang="en">will become</i>, <i lang="en">take -place</i> <a href="#a18.28">18(28)</a>. <a href= -"#a94.23">94(23)</a>.<br> -nagìŋ <i lang="en">became</i>, <i lang="en">occurred</i> -<a href="#a18.31">18(31)</a>. <a href="#a36.38">36(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a144.23">144(23)</a>.<br> -nagígiŋ <i lang="en">is becoming</i>, <i lang= -"en">arising</i> <a href="#a42.5">42(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a62.14">62(14)</a>.<br> -pagigìŋ <i lang="en">a becoming</i> <a href= -"#a314.19">314(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gísiŋ (a) <i lang="en">awaken</i>, <i lang= -"en">tr.</i>:<br> -kagìgísiŋ <i lang="en">there has been awakening</i> -<a href="#a184.12">184(12)</a>.<br> -makàgísiŋ <i lang="en">accidentally awaken</i> -<a href="#a62.11">62(11)</a>.<br> -nakàgísiŋ <i lang="en">awakened</i> <a href= -"#a257.32">257(32)</a>.<br> -nàgísiŋ <i lang="en">was accidentally awakened</i> -<a href="#a293.12">293(12)</a>.<br> -napagísiŋ <i lang="en">caused himself to be awakened</i> -<a href="#a311.30">311(30)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">With accent shifted</i>: <i lang="en">wake -up</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i>:<br> -ikinágisìŋ <i lang="en">was the cause of waking -up</i> <a href="#a158.9">158(9)</a>.<br> -mágisìŋ <i lang="en">wake up</i> <a href= -"#a18.39">18(39)</a>.<br> -màgìgisìŋ <i lang="en">will wake up</i> -<a href="#a18.37">18(37)</a>.<br> -nágisìŋ <i lang="en">woke up</i> <a href= -"#a38.21">38(21)</a>.<br> -pagkágisìŋ <i lang="en">a waking up</i> <a href= -"#a62.18">62(18)</a>.<br> -pagisìn-gisìŋ <i lang="en">waking up now and -then</i> <a href="#a300.36">300(36)</a>.<br> -nápagisìŋ <i lang="en">woke up</i> <a href= -"#a312.39">312(39)</a>.<br> -palagisiŋìn <i lang="en">fitful sleeper</i> <a href= -"#a315.19">315(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gitnàʾ <i lang="en">middle</i> <a href= -"#a16.7">16(7)</a>. <a href="#a24.38">24(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">grúpo S. <i lang="en">group</i> <a href= -"#a90.25">90(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gúbat <i lang="en">jungle</i> <a href= -"#a18.2">18(2)</a>.<br> -kagubátan <i lang="en">jungle country</i> <a href= -"#a118.40">118(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gubiyèrno S. <i lang="en">government</i> <a href= -"#a92.32">92(32)</a>. <a href="#a200.18">200(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gúgol: ginúgol <i lang="en">was spent</i> -<a href="#a257.14">257(14)</a>.<br> -ginùgúgol <i lang="en">is being spent</i> <a href= -"#a112.22">112(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gúlaŋ <i lang="en">age</i> <a href= -"#a38.6">38(6)</a>. <a href="#a56.33">56(33)</a>.<br> -paggúlaŋ <i lang="en">a growing ripe</i> <a href= -"#a272.22">272(22)</a>.<br> -magúlaŋ <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb351" href="#pb351" -name="pb351">351</a>]</span><i lang="en">old</i>, <i lang= -"en">mature</i>; <i lang="en">parent</i> <a href="#a32.6">32(6)</a>. -<a href="#a283.39">283(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gúlat: gulatìn <i lang="en">scary</i> -<a href="#a247.32">247(32)</a>.<br> -pagkagúlat <i lang="en">a getting scared</i> <a href= -"#a285.42">285(42)</a>.<br> -pagkàgúlat <i lang="en">astonishment</i> <a href= -"#a36.38">36(38)</a>.<br> -mapaŋgúlat <i lang="en">given to scaring</i> <a href= -"#a289.36">289(36)</a>.<br> -magugulatìn <i lang="en">jumpy</i> <a href="#a62.7">62(7)</a>. -<a href="#a290.4">290(4)</a>.<br> -nàpagúlat <i lang="en">was astonished</i> <a href= -"#a30.22">30(22)</a>. <a href="#a58.8">58(8)</a>.<br> -palagulatìn <i lang="en">nervous person</i> <a href= -"#a315.20">315(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gúlay <i lang="en">vegetable</i> <a href= -"#a72.36">72(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gulò: nagkagulò <i lang="en">was -surprised</i> <a href="#a268.29">268(29)</a>.<br> -magulò <i lang="en">confused</i> <a href= -"#a237.2">237(2)</a>.<br> -nagulò <i lang="en">became confused</i> <a href= -"#a284.38">284(38)</a>.<br> -nagúgulò <i lang="en">is confused</i> <a href= -"#a52.29">52(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gulòd <i lang="en">hill</i> <a href= -"#a226.25">226(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gúlok <i lang="en">bolo</i> <a href= -"#a38.27">38(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-gúmon: nàgùgúmon <i lang= -"en">is trailing</i> <a href="#a98.20">98(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">guntìŋ <i lang="en">shears</i> <a href= -"#a26.2">26(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gupìt <i lang="en">a cutting with scissors</i>, -<i lang="en">hair-cut</i> <a href="#a219.13">219(13)</a>.<br> -paŋgupìt <i lang="en">used for cutting</i>, <i lang= -"en">scissors</i> <a href="#a225.5">225(5)</a>.<br> -gumupìt <i lang="en">cut</i> <a href="#a26.15">26(15)</a>.<br> -naggugupìt <i lang="en">cut to bits</i> <a href= -"#a238.33">238(33)</a>.<br> -naggúgugupìt <i lang="en">is cutting to bits</i> <a href= -"#a238.34">238(34)</a>.<br> -paggugupìt <i lang="en">a cutting to bits</i> <a href= -"#a273.33">273(33)</a>.<br> -maŋgupìt <i lang="en">cut hair</i> <a href= -"#a26.1">26(1)</a>.<br> -naŋgupìt <i lang="en">did hair-cutting</i> <a href= -"#a167.2">167(2)</a>.<br> -maŋgugupìt maŋgugúpit <i lang= -"en">hair-cutter</i> <a href="#a24.34">24(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a243.11">243(11)</a>.<br> -paŋgugupìt <i lang="en">hair-cutting</i> <a href= -"#a26.19">26(19)</a>.<br> -ginupìt <i lang="en">was cut</i> <a href="#a60.6">60(6)</a>.<br> -gupitàn <i lang="en">be sheared</i> <a href= -"#a26.3">26(3)</a>.<br> -nakagupìt <i lang="en">was able to cut</i> <a href= -"#a281.29">281(29)</a>.<br> -pagkagupìt <i lang="en">a having cut</i> <a href= -"#a250.32">250(32)</a>.<br> -nakágupìt <i lang="en">accidentally cut</i> <a href= -"#a290.12">290(12)</a>.<br> -nágupìt <i lang="en">chanced to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a293.38">293(38)</a>.<br> -pagkágupìt <i lang="en">a chance cutting</i> -291(4.42).<br> -nagpagupìt <i lang="en">allowed himself to be sheared</i> -<a href="#a302.33">302(33)</a>.<br> -pagpapagupìt <i lang="en">an allowing oneself to be sheared</i> -<a href="#a302.34">302(34)</a>.<br> -ipinagupìt <i lang="en">was caused to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a180.11">180(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">góra S. <i lang="en">cap</i> <a href= -"#a246.4">246(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">guròʾ <i lang="en">teacher</i> <a href= -"#a80.40">80(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gustò S.: <i lang="en">desired</i>, <i lang= -"en">liked</i> <a href="#a16.29">16(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a52.22">52(22)</a>. <a href="#p267"><b>267</b></a>.<br> -paggustò <i lang="en">a desiring</i> <a href= -"#a18.21">18(21)</a>.<br> -gustuhìn <i lang="en">be desired</i> <a href= -"#a114.41">114(41)</a>.<br> -nagkagustò <i lang="en">conceived a desire</i> <a href= -"#a268.31">268(31)</a>.<br> -ipinagkagustò <i lang="en">was the cause of desiring</i> -<a href="#a272.33">272(33)</a>.<br> -ikinàgùgustò <i lang="en">is the cause of -liking</i> <a href="#a273.31">273(31)</a>.<br> -pinagkàkagustuhàn <i lang="en">is being liked by many</i> -<a href="#a275.7">275(7)</a>.<br> -magustúhin <i lang="en">fond</i> <a href="#a110.1">110(1)</a>. -<a href="#a289.42">289(42)</a>.<br> -pagkágustò <i lang="en">a coming to desire</i> <a href= -"#a24.1">24(1)</a>. <a href="#a92.36">92(36)</a>.<br> -màgustuhàn <i lang="en">happen to be liked</i> <a href= -"#a74.2">74(2)</a>.<br> -nàgùgustuhàn <i lang="en">is liked</i> <a href= -"#a209.25">209(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gútom <i lang="en">hunger</i> <a href= -"#a28.32">28(32)</a>.<br> -gutòm <i lang="en">hungry</i> <a href="#a76.8">76(8)</a>.<br> -gutúmin <i lang="en">be assailed by hunger</i> <a href= -"#a28.28">28(28)</a>.<br> -nagùgútom <i lang="en">is hungry</i> <a href= -"#a285.19">285(19)</a>.<br> -palagutumìn <i lang="en">one who easily gets hungry</i> <a href= -"#a315.19">315(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">guwàrdiya-sibìl -guwàrdiya-sivìl S. <i lang="en">gendarme</i>, <i lang= -"en">gendarmerie</i> <a href="#a20.20">20(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">guwarnisiyòn S. <i lang="en">harness</i> <a href= -"#a315.33">315(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">gúyaʾ <i lang="en">young of animal</i>, -<i lang="en">calf</i> <a href="#a210.24">210(24)</a>. <i lang= -"en">See</i> báhay.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e81381" class="main">H.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">hábaʾ <i lang="en">length</i> <a href= -"#a56.39">56(39)</a>.<br> -humábaʾ <i lang="en">grew long</i> <a href= -"#a38.30">38(30)</a>.<br> -kahabáan <i lang="en">length</i> <a href= -"#a192.22">192(22)</a>.<br> -mahábaʾ <i lang="en">long</i> <a href= -"#a120.2">120(2)</a>.<br> -pinakamahábaʾ <i lang="en">longest</i> <a href= -"#a58.11">58(11)</a>.<br> -mahahábaʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a18.15">18(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">habágat <i lang="en">spring wind</i> <a href= -"#a227.40">227(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hábaŋ <i lang="en">while</i>, <i lang= -"en">during</i> <a href="#a16.2">16(2)</a>. <a href= -"#p292"><b>292</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hábol: nagsìsihábol <i lang= -"en">are pursuing</i> <a href="#a301.21">301(21)</a>.<br> -paghábol <i lang="en">a pursuing</i> <a href= -"#a84.27">84(27)</a>.<br> -paŋhahábol <i lang="en">a chasing</i> <a href= -"#a116.7">116(7)</a>.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb352" href="#pb352" -name="pb352">352</a>]</span><br> -habúlin <i lang="en">be pursued</i> <a href= -"#a18.10">18(10)</a>.<br> -hinábol <i lang="en">was pursued</i> <a href= -"#a88.24">88(24)</a>.<br> -hinàhábol <i lang="en">is being pursued</i> <a href= -"#a68.19">68(19)</a>.<br> -nàhàhábol <i lang="en">gets pursued</i> <a href= -"#a18.8">18(8)</a>.<br> -ipinahábol <i lang="en">was caused to be pursued</i> <a href= -"#a76.10">76(10)</a>.<br> -ipinahàhábol <i lang="en">is being caused to be -pursued</i> <a href="#a72.32">72(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hagdàn <i lang="en">ladder</i> <a href= -"#a270.31">270(31)</a>.<br> -hagdánan <i lang="en">stairway</i> <a href= -"#a106.11">106(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hágis: naghágis <i lang="en">tossed</i> -<a href="#a48.8">48(8)</a>.<br> -inihágis <i lang="en">was tossed</i> <a href= -"#a16.30">16(30)</a>. <a href="#a248.17">248(17)</a>.<br> -mapaŋhágis <i lang="en">given to flinging</i> <a href= -"#a289.36">289(36)</a>.<br> -pahagìs <i lang="en">with a toss</i> <a href= -"#a300.14">300(14)</a> <i lang="en">and Corrigenda</i>.</p> -<p class="par">-hagk, <i lang="en">see</i> halìk.</p> -<p class="par">-hágod: humàhágod <i lang="en">is -stroking</i> <a href="#a98.21">98(21)</a>.<br> -hinágod <i lang="en">was stroked</i> <a href= -"#a84.10">84(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hagúnoy <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a110.24">110(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hakbàŋ: háhakbàŋ -<i lang="en">will take a step</i> <a href="#a70.1">70(1)</a>.<br> -paghakbàŋ <i lang="en">a stepping</i> <a href= -"#a68.29">68(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hákot: paghahàkútan <i lang="en">a -carting together</i> <a href="#a118.17">118(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">halagà <i lang="en">price</i> <a href= -"#a54.23">54(23)</a>.<br> -mahalagà <i lang="en">dear</i> <a href="#a36.14">36(14)</a>. -<a href="#a234.41">234(41)</a>.<br> -pinakamahalagà <i lang="en">most valued</i> <a href= -"#a42.1">42(1)</a>. <a href="#a288.38">288(38)</a>.<br> -mahahalagà <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a116.2">116(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-halakhàk: nápahalakhàk <i lang= -"en">burst into laughter</i> <a href="#a68.26">68(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">haláman <i lang="en">garden-plant</i> <a href= -"#a72.36">72(36)</a>.<br> -hàlamanàn <i lang="en">garden</i>, <i lang= -"en">flower-pot</i> <a href="#a74.14">74(14)</a>. <a href= -"#a260.38">260(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">halayà S. <i lang="en">jelly</i> <a href= -"#a253.38">253(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">halíge <i lang="en">post</i> <a href= -"#a64.23">64(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">halìk <i lang="en">kiss</i> <a href= -"#a94.12">94(12)</a>.<br> -humalìk <i lang="en">kissed</i> <a href= -"#a227.22">227(22)</a>.<br> -hagkàn <i lang="en">be kissed</i> <a href= -"#a251.24">251(24)</a>.<br> -hinagkàn <i lang="en">was kissed</i> <a href= -"#a94.10">94(10)</a>.<br> -mahagkàn <i lang="en">be able to be kissed</i> <a href= -"#a92.26">92(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">halimbáwaʾ <i lang="en">example</i> <a href= -"#a48.23">48(23)</a>. <a href="#a62.10">62(10)</a>. <a href= -"#p265.2"><b>265</b>(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-halimhìm: hinàhalimhimàn <i lang= -"en">is being brooded on</i> <a href="#a102.18">102(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">háloʾ <i lang="en">that admixed</i> <a href= -"#a220.35">220(35)</a>.<br> -hálù-háloʾ <i lang="en">confused</i> <a href= -"#a50.15">50(15)</a>.<br> -hinalúan <i lang="en">was mixed with</i> <a href= -"#a251.24">251(24)</a>.<br> -hinàhalúan <i lang="en">is being given an admixture</i> -<a href="#a108.6">108(6)</a>.<br> -haluàn <i lang="en">mixing-vessel</i> <a href= -"#a260.8">260(8)</a>.<br> -pinahàhalúan <i lang="en">is being caused to be -<span class="corr" id="xd21e81843" title="Source: gven">given</span> an -admixture</i> <a href="#a108.7">108(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hálos <i lang="en">almost</i> <a href= -"#a110.25">110(25)</a>. <a href="#p265.3"><b>265</b>(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hámak <i lang="en">unfortunate</i>, <i lang= -"en">no-account</i> <a href="#a219.3">219(3)</a>.<br> -ikàpahámak <i lang="en">be the cause of coming to -grief</i> <a href="#a310.12">310(12)</a>.<br> -ikàpàpahámak <i lang="en">will be the cause of -coming to grief</i> <a href="#a310.14">310(14)</a>.<br> -màpahámak <i lang="en">come to grief</i> <a href= -"#a312.22">312(22)</a>.<br> -màpàpahámak <i lang="en">will become -good-for-nothing</i> <a href="#a312.24">312(24)</a>.<br> -nàpahámak <i lang="en">came to grief</i> <a href= -"#a312.17">312(17)</a>.<br> -nàpàpahámak <i lang="en">is getting spoiled</i> -<a href="#a312.19">312(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hampàs <i lang="en">whipping</i>, <i lang= -"en">whip</i> <a href="#a220.37">220(37)</a>. <a href= -"#a221.42">221(42)</a>.<br> -hampàs-lúpaʾ <i lang="en">vagabond</i> <a href= -"#a211.4">211(4)</a>.<br> -maghampàs-lúpaʾ <i lang="en">be a vagabond</i> -<a href="#a235.27">235(27)</a>.<br> -paŋhampàs <i lang="en">used as a whip</i> <a href= -"#a225.8">225(8)</a>.<br> -humampàs <i lang="en">hit with a whip</i> <a href= -"#a227.24">227(24)</a>.<br> -naghampàs <i lang="en">whipped himself</i> <a href= -"#a233.38">233(38)</a>.<br> -nagháhahampàs <i lang="en">is whipping about</i> <a href= -"#a238.36">238(36)</a>.<br> -maŋhampàs <i lang="en">whip people</i> <a href= -"#a239.38">239(38)</a>.<br> -hampasìn <i lang="en">be whipped</i> <a href= -"#a184.8">184(8)</a>.<br> -hinampasàn <i lang="en">was struck with a whip</i> <a href= -"#a251.25">251(25)</a>.<br> -hampásan <i lang="en">whipping-bench</i> <a href= -"#a258.27">258(27)</a>.<br> -kahampásan <i lang="en">one of two who perform mutual -flagellation</i> <a href="#a277.39">277(39)</a>.<br> -nahampàs <i lang="en">has been whipped</i> <a href= -"#a284.12">284(12)</a>.<br> -nakáhampàs <i lang="en">happened to hit</i> <a href= -"#a291.27">291(27)</a>.<br> -náhampàs <i lang="en">was accidentally hit with a -whip</i> <a href="#a293.14">293(14)</a>.<br> -pagkáhampàs <i lang="en">a chance hitting</i> <a href= -"#a62.17">62(17)</a>. <a href="#a292.3">292(3)</a>.<br> -páhampasìn <i lang="en">be whipped harder</i> <a href= -"#a305.11">305(11)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb353" href= -"#pb353" name="pb353">353</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">hámon <i lang="en">a challenge</i> <a href= -"#a52.25">52(25)</a>.<br> -maŋhàhámon <i lang="en">will challenge</i> <a href= -"#a48.24">48(24)</a>.<br> -maŋhahámon <i lang="en">challenger</i> <a href= -"#a48.29">48(29)</a>.<br> -hinámon <i lang="en">was challenged</i> <a href= -"#a48.32">48(32)</a>.<br> -hinàhámon <i lang="en">is being challenged</i> <a href= -"#a18.21">18(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hánap <i lang="en">that sought</i> <a href= -"#a76.23">76(23)</a>.<br> -hánap-búhay <i lang="en">livelihood</i> <a href= -"#a271.40">271(40)</a>.<br> -maghàhánap-búhay <i lang="en">will work for a -livelihood</i> <a href="#a193.32">193(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a235.30">235(30)</a>.<br> -humánap <i lang="en">seek</i> <a href="#a74.23">74(23)</a>.<br> -paghánap <i lang="en">a seeking</i> <a href= -"#a227.25">227(25)</a>.<br> -maghánap <i lang="en">earn</i> <a href="#a32.11">32(11)</a>. -<a href="#a233.39">233(39)</a>.<br> -paghahánap <i lang="en">the earning one’s living</i> -<a href="#a60.16">60(16)</a>. <a href="#a102.7">102(7)</a>.<br> -maghanàp <i lang="en">seek in quantity</i>; <i lang= -"en">search</i> <a href="#a237.28">237(28)</a>.<br> -paghahanàp <i lang="en">a searching</i> <a href= -"#a52.29">52(29)</a>.<br> -hanápin <i lang="en">be sought</i> <a href="#a92.12">92(12)</a>. -<a href="#a244.13">244(13)</a>.<br> -hinánap <i lang="en">was sought out</i> <a href= -"#a16.22">16(22)</a>.<br> -hinàhánap <i lang="en">is being sought</i> <a href= -"#a76.18">76(18)</a>.<br> -ihánap <i lang="en">be looked <span class="corr" id="xd21e82245" -title="Source: for for">for</span></i> <a href= -"#a30.32">30(32)</a>.<br> -paghahanapàn <i lang="en">a searching through a place</i> -<a href="#a52.34">52(34)</a>.<br> -nahánap <i lang="en">has been sought</i> <a href= -"#a143.36">143(36)</a>.<br> -makapaghanàp <i lang="en">have searched</i> <a href= -"#a287.20">287(20)</a>.<br> -nakapaghanàp <i lang="en">has searched</i> <a href= -"#a287.18">287(18)</a>.<br> -pinahanápan <i lang="en">was ordered to be sought in</i> -<a href="#a52.15">52(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">handàʾ <i lang="en">a serving food</i> -<a href="#a114.34">114(34)</a>.<br> -maghandàʾ <i lang="en">serve</i> <a href= -"#a112.29">112(29)</a>.<br> -nagháhandàʾ <i lang="en">is serving</i> <a href= -"#a114.9">114(9)</a>.<br> -iháhandàʾ <i lang="en">will be served</i> <a href= -"#a237.36">237(36)</a>.<br> -inihandàʾ <i lang="en">was served</i> <a href= -"#a299.11">299(11)</a>.<br> -iniháhandàʾ <i lang="en">is being served out</i> -<a href="#a62.36">62(36)</a>.<br> -nakahandàʾ <i lang="en">is served</i> <a href= -"#a183.22">183(22)</a>. <a href="#a281.4">281(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hantày: hantayìn <i lang="en">be -awaited</i> <a href="#a32.26">32(26)</a>.<br> -hinantày <i lang="en">was awaited</i> <a href= -"#a50.37">50(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">haŋàd <i lang="en">aim</i>, <i lang= -"en">goal</i> <a href="#a46.36">46(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">haŋàl <i lang="en">fool</i> <a href= -"#a276.31">276(31)</a>.<br> -kahaŋalàn <i lang="en">foolishness</i> <a href= -"#a276.31">276(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-haŋgà: haŋgáhan <i lang= -"en">boundary</i> <a href="#a258.29">258(29)</a>.<br> -haŋgàn <i lang="en">limit</i> <a href= -"#a22.6">22(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">haŋgàŋ <i lang="en">until</i>, <i lang= -"en">up to</i> <a href="#a16.12">16(12)</a>. <a href= -"#p68"><b>68</b></a>. <a href="#p293"><b>293</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">háŋin <i lang="en">wind</i> <a href= -"#a118.31">118(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-háŋoʾ: pagháŋoʾ -<i lang="en">a rescuing</i> <a href="#a78.10">78(10)</a>.<br> -hináŋoʾ <i lang="en">was rescued</i> <a href= -"#a88.36">88(36)</a>.<br> -ikahàháŋoʾ <i lang="en">will be the means of -rescuing</i> <a href="#a74.42">74(42)</a>.<br> -maháŋoʾ <i lang="en">be able to be rescued</i> -<a href="#a74.23">74(23)</a>.<br> -mahàháŋoʾ <i lang="en">will be able to be -rescued</i> <a href="#a78.2">78(2)</a>.<br> -nahàháŋoʾ <i lang="en">is being rescued</i> -<a href="#a78.12">78(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hápis <i lang="en">grief</i> <a href= -"#a38.11">38(11)</a>.<br> -hinápis <i lang="en">was grieved</i> <a href= -"#a244.14">244(14)</a>.<br> -nahàhápis <i lang="en">is sad</i> <a href= -"#a285.20">285(20)</a>.<br> -pagkahápis <i lang="en">a grieving</i> <a href= -"#a74.25">74(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hápon <i lang="en">afternoon</i> <a href= -"#a18.39">18(39)</a>. <a href="#a190.23">190(23.31)</a>.<br> -maghápon <i lang="en">whole day</i> <a href= -"#a112.9">112(9)</a>. <a href="#p262.8"><b>262</b>(8)</a>.<br> -kahápon <i lang="en">yesterday</i> <a href= -"#a152.13">152(13)</a>. <a href="#a172.6">172(6)</a>. <a href= -"#p259"><b>259</b></a>.<br> -pagkahápon <i lang="en">a having supped</i> <a href= -"#a104.16">104(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hapòn S. <i lang="en">Japan</i> <a href= -"#a269.20">269(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hapunès S. <i lang="en">Japanese</i> <a href= -"#a306.19">306(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">háraŋ <i lang="en">obstruction</i> <a href= -"#a220.39">220(39)</a>.<br> -paŋháraŋ <i lang="en">used as an obstruction</i> -<a href="#a225.8">225(8)</a>.<br> -humáraŋ <i lang="en">held up</i> <a href= -"#a227.26">227(26)</a>.<br> -pagháraŋ <i lang="en">a holding up</i> <a href= -"#a198.21">198(21)</a>.<br> -nagháraŋ <i lang="en">made an obstruction</i> <a href= -"#a233.41">233(41)</a>.<br> -paghaháraŋ <i lang="en">an obstructing</i> <a href= -"#a233.42">233(42)</a>.<br> -naŋháraŋ <i lang="en">held people up</i> <a href= -"#a239.38">239(38)</a>.<br> -paŋhaháraŋ <i lang="en">highway robbery</i> <a href= -"#a239.40">239(40)</a>.<br> -hináraŋ <i lang="en">was held up</i> <a href= -"#a282.36">282(36)</a>.<br> -ipinaŋháraŋ <i lang="en">was used in holding up</i> -<a href="#a250.10">250(10)</a>.<br> -hinaráŋan <i lang="en">was obstructed</i> <a href= -"#a251.27">251(27)</a>.<br> -pinaŋharáŋan <i lang="en">was the place of holding -up</i> <a href="#a255.11">255(11)</a>.<br> -haraŋàn <i lang="en">hold-up</i> <a href= -"#a197.9">197(9)</a>.<br> -paghaharaŋàn <i lang="en">a holding up together</i> -<a href="#a275.22">275(22)</a>.<br> -ikinaháraŋ <i lang="en">was the cause of being held up</i> -<a href="#a272.6">272(6)</a>.<br> -pagkaháraŋ <i lang="en">a having held up</i> <a href= -"#a282.29">282(29)</a>.<br> -pagkapaŋhaháraŋ <i lang="en">a having practised -highway robbery</i> <a href="#a287.30">287(30)</a>.<span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb354" href="#pb354" name="pb354">354</a>]</span><br> -nàháraŋ <i lang="en">got held up</i> <a href= -"#a295.6">295(6)</a>.<br> -pagkàháraŋ <i lang="en">a chance holding up</i> -<a href="#a292.5">292(5)</a>.<br> -paháraŋ <i lang="en">caused to be held up</i> <a href= -"#a197.10">197(10)</a>.<br> -paharàŋ <i lang="en">crosswise</i> <a href= -"#a300.15">300(15)</a>.<br> -pagpapaháraŋ <i lang="en">a causing to be held up</i> -<a href="#a302.36">302(36)</a>.<br> -pinapaŋhàháraŋ <i lang="en">is being caused to -practise highway robbery</i> <a href="#a305.22">305(22)</a>.<br> -ipinaháraŋ <i lang="en">was caused to be held up</i> -<a href="#a306.11">306(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">haràp <i lang="en">front</i> <a href= -"#a228.25">228(25)</a>.<br> -humáharàp <i lang="en">is facing</i> <a href= -"#a96.7">96(7)</a>.<br> -háharàp <i lang="en">will be present</i> <a href= -"#a96.18">96(18)</a>.<br> -hinaràp <i lang="en">was faced</i> <a href= -"#a20.37">20(37)</a>.<br> -harapàn <i lang="en">place in front of</i> <a href= -"#a24.37">24(37)</a>.<br> -kaharàp <i lang="en">facing</i> <a href= -"#a98.21">98(21)</a>.<br> -náharàp <i lang="en">came to face</i> <a href= -"#a72.2">72(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hardìn S. <i lang="en">garden</i> <a href= -"#a72.19">72(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">háriʾ <i lang="en">king</i> <a href= -"#a24.29">24(29)</a>.<br> -naghàháriʾ <i lang="en">is ruling</i> <a href= -"#a24.30">24(30)</a>.<br> -pagharían <i lang="en">be ruled</i> <a href= -"#a255.14">255(14)</a>.<br> -pinaghàharían <i lang="en">is being ruled</i> <a href= -"#a24.32">24(32)</a>.<br> -kahariyàn <i lang="en">kingdom</i> <a href="#a24.36">24(36)</a>. -<a href="#a276.18">276(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hásaʾ: hasàʾ <i lang= -"en">sharpened</i> <a href="#a202.30">202(30)</a>.<br> -paghahásaʾ <i lang="en">a sharpening</i> <a href= -"#a232.16">232(16)</a>.<br> -ihásaʾ <i lang="en">be sharpened</i> <a href= -"#a248.19">248(19)</a>.<br> -hasáan <i lang="en">be given a sharp edge</i> <a href= -"#a251.28">251(28)</a>.<br> -paghasáan <i lang="en">be sharpened on</i> <a href= -"#a255.15">255(15)</a>.<br> -hasaàn <i lang="en">whetstone</i> <a href= -"#a255.15">255(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hátak: paghátak <i lang="en">a -tugging</i> <a href="#a78.8">78(8)</a>.<br> -hatákin <i lang="en">be pulled at</i> <a href= -"#a284.16">284(16)</a>.<br> -kahatakàn <i lang="en">one of two who tug against each other</i> -<a href="#a186.38">186(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hátiʾ <i lang="en">divide</i>; <i lang= -"en">that divided</i>; <i lang="en">mid</i>- <a href= -"#a222.1">222(1)</a>.<br> -háti ŋ gabì: -naghàháti-ŋ-gabì <i lang="en">it is -midnight</i> <a href="#a84.19">84(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a235.24">235(24)</a>.<br> -kinàháti-ŋ-gabihàn <i lang="en">was at -midnight</i> <a href="#a38.21">38(21)</a>. <a href= -"#a279.25">279(25)</a>.<br> -hatìʾ <i lang="en">divided</i> <a href= -"#a222.31">222(31)</a>.<br> -paŋhátiʾ <i lang="en">used for dividing</i> <a href= -"#a225.11">225(11)</a>.<br> -humátiʾ <i lang="en">divided</i>, <i lang="en">halved</i> -<a href="#a227.29">227(29)</a>.<br> -naghátiʾ <i lang="en">distributed</i> <a href= -"#a234.1">234(1)</a>.<br> -paghahátiʾ <i lang="en">a distributing</i> <a href= -"#a234.3">234(3)</a>.<br> -naghatìʾ <i lang="en">divided up</i>, <i lang="en">divided -in quantity</i> <a href="#a237.30">237(30)</a>.<br> -paghahatìʾ <i lang="en">a dividing in quantity</i> <a href= -"#a237.32">237(32)</a>.<br> -naŋhátiʾ <i lang="en">shared orders</i> <a href= -"#a239.41">239(41)</a>.<br> -paŋhahátiʾ <i lang="en">a sharing orders</i> <a href= -"#a239.42">239(42)</a>.<br> -hinátiʾ <i lang="en">was divided</i> <a href= -"#a16.7">16(7)</a>. <a href="#a244.4">244(4)</a>.<br> -pinaghatìʾ <i lang="en">was divided in quantity</i> -<a href="#a246.20">246(20)</a>.<br> -paghatían <i lang="en">be shared</i> <a href= -"#a28.34">28(34)</a>.<br> -ikinahátiʾ <i lang="en">was the cause of breaking in -two</i> <a href="#a270.39">270(39)</a>. <i lang="en">of being able to -divide</i> <a href="#a272.9">272(9)</a>.<br> -nahátiʾ <i lang="en">has been divided</i> <a href= -"#a284.39">284(39)</a>.<br> -pagkahátiʾ <i lang="en">a having divided</i> <a href= -"#a282.31">282(31)</a>.<br> -nakàhátiʾ <i lang="en">chanced to divide</i> -<a href="#a291.29">291(29)</a>.<br> -pagkàhátiʾ <i lang="en">a chance dividing</i> -<a href="#a291.6">291(6)</a>. <a href="#a292.8">292(8)</a>.<br> -pahátiʾ <i lang="en">ordered to be divided</i> <a href= -"#a299.14">299(14)</a>.<br> -pahatìʾ <i lang="en">tending to halve</i> <a href= -"#a300.18">300(18)</a>.<br> -nagpahátiʾ <i lang="en">caused to be divided</i> <a href= -"#a302.38">302(38)</a>.<br> -pagpapahátiʾ <i lang="en">a causing to be divided</i> -<a href="#a302.41">302(41)</a>.<br> -ipinhátiʾ <i lang="en">was caused to be divided</i> -<a href="#a306.13">306(13)</a>.<br> -ipinagpahátiʾ <i lang="en">was caused to be divided up</i> -<a href="#a307.19">307(19)</a>.<br> -pinahatían <i lang="en">was caused to be given his share</i> -<a href="#a308.9">308(9)</a>.<br> -pinapahatían <i lang="en">was caused to be caused to to be given -his share</i> <a href="#a308.41">308(41)</a>.<br> -kalahátiʾ <i lang="en">half</i> <a href= -"#a80.24">80(24)</a>. <a href="#a273.21">273(21)</a>. <a href= -"#a314.32">314(32)</a>.<br> -kalaháti-ŋ-áraw <i lang="en">half-day</i> <a href= -"#a118.26">118(26)</a>.<br> -kalaháti-ŋ-óras <i lang="en">half-hour</i> <a href= -"#a66.36">66(36)</a>.<br> -magkákalahatìʾ <i lang="en">will be half through</i> -<a href="#a104.17">104(17)</a>. <a href="#a238.22">238(22)</a>.<br> -paŋaŋalahátiʾ <i lang="en">a being halfway</i> -<a href="#a24.6">24(6)</a>. <a href="#a241.13">241(13)</a>.<br> -kalahatían <i lang="en">middle</i> <a href= -"#a261.27">261(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hatìd: naghatìd <i lang="en">conveyed</i> -<a href="#a56.26">56(26)</a>.<br> -nagháhatìd <i lang="en">is conveying</i> <a href= -"#a98.3">98(3)</a>.<br> -paghahatìd <i lang="en">an escorting</i> <a href= -"#a114.39">114(39)</a>.<br> -ihatìd <i lang="en">be conveyed</i> <a href= -"#a34.6">34(6)</a>.<br> -iháhatìd <i lang="en">will be conveyed</i> <a href= -"#a104.28">104(28)</a>.<br> -inihatìd <i lang="en">was conveyed</i> <a href= -"#a20.26">20(26)</a>.<br> -iniháhatìd <i lang="en">is being conveyed</i> <a href= -"#a20.4">20(4)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb355" href="#pb355" name= -"pb355">355</a>]</span>hàhatdàn <i lang="en">will be -conveyed to</i> <a href="#a175.1">175(1)</a>.<br> -hinàhatdàn <i lang="en">is being conveyed to</i> <a href= -"#a190.10">190(10)</a>.<br> -paghàhatdàn <i lang="en">will be delivered to</i> -<a href="#a20.9">20(9)</a>.<br> -pinaghatdàn <i lang="en">was delivered to</i> <a href= -"#a255.16">255(16)</a>.<br> -pinaghàhatdàn <i lang="en">is being delivered to</i> -<a href="#a179.8">179(8)</a>.<br> -ipinahatìd <i lang="en">was caused to be conveyed</i> <a href= -"#a294.28">294(28)</a>.<br> -napahatìd <i lang="en">had himself conveyed</i> <a href= -"#a52.37">52(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hátol <i lang="en">advice</i> <a href= -"#a30.4">30(4)</a>.<br> -naghàhátol <i lang="en">advises</i> <a href= -"#a74.30">74(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-háwa: nakàhàháwa <i lang= -"en">is contagious</i> <a href="#a272.3">272(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">háwak <i lang="en">that grasped</i> <a href= -"#a66.35">66(35)</a>.<br> -humáwak <i lang="en">took hold</i> <a href= -"#a78.7">78(7)</a>.<br> -pagháwak <i lang="en">a taking hold</i> <a href= -"#a227.31">227(31)</a>.<br> -hinawákan <i lang="en">was taken hold of</i> <a href= -"#a66.26">66(26)</a>.<br> -makaháwak <i lang="en">be able to take hold</i> <a href= -"#a22.22">22(22)</a>.<br> -nakaháwak <i lang="en">has taken hold</i> <a href= -"#a281.14">281(14)</a>.<br> -nakàháwak <i lang="en">got hold of</i> <a href= -"#a290.18">290(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-háyag (a): paháyag <i lang="en">that -published</i> <a href="#a48.37">48(37)</a>.<br> -nagpàpaháyag <i lang="en">causes to become public</i>, -<i lang="en">announces</i> <a href="#a48.35">48(35)</a>.<br> -pagpapaháyag <i lang="en">an announcing</i> <a href= -"#a90.22">90(22)</a>.<br> -ipinaháyag <i lang="en">was caused to become public</i>, -<i lang="en">was announced</i> <a href="#a56.6">56(6)</a>.<br> -pàhayágan páhayagàn <i lang= -"en">newspaper</i> <a href="#a48.27">48(27)</a>. <a href= -"#a236.41">236(41)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> báhay.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">with accent shift</i>: hàyágan -<i lang="en">public affair</i>, <i lang="en">public</i> <a href= -"#a236.37">236(37)</a>.<br> -náhayàg <i lang="en">got widely known</i> <a href= -"#a60.11">60(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">háyop <i lang="en">animal</i>; <i lang= -"en"><span class="corr" id="xd21e83604" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span></i> <a href="#a28.26">28(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-higàʾ: paghigàʾ <i lang="en">a -going to bed</i> <a href="#a64.6">64(6)</a>.<br> -hinìhigàn <i lang="en">is being slept on</i> <a href= -"#a102.26">102(26)</a>.<br> -hìgáan <i lang="en">bed</i> <a href= -"#a244.22">244(22)</a>.<br> -hihigàn <i lang="en">couch</i> <a href="#a62.12">62(12)</a>.<br> -kahíhigàʾ <i lang="en">there has just been lying -down</i> <a href="#a267.15">267(15)</a>.<br> -makahigàʾ <i lang="en">be able to lie down</i> <a href= -"#a281.33">281(33)</a>.<br> -nakahigàʾ <i lang="en">has lain down</i> <a href= -"#a86.39">86(39)</a>.<br> -nahigàʾ <i lang="en">lay down</i> <a href= -"#a38.17">38(17)</a>. <a href="#a285.34">285(34)</a>.<br> -nahíhigàʾ <i lang="en">is in the act of lying -down</i> <a href="#a285.35">285(35)</a>.<br> -máhigàʾ <i lang="en">get laid</i> <a href= -"#a295.8">295(8)</a>.<br> -nagpatihigàʾ <i lang="en">suddenly lay down</i> <a href= -"#a313.20">313(20)</a>.<br> -mápatihigàʾ <i lang="en">fall on one’s -back</i> <a href="#a313.37">313(37)</a>.<br> -nàpàpatihigàʾ <i lang="en">falls on his -back</i> <a href="#a313.35">313(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">higànte S. <i lang="en">giant</i> <a href= -"#a32.31">32(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-higìt: mahigìt <i lang="en">with an -excess</i> <a href="#a118.16">118(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-higpìt: mahigpìt <i lang="en">firm</i>, -<i lang="en">strict</i> <a href="#a42.40">42(40)</a>.<br> -mahihigpìt <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a122.5">122(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">híkaw <i lang="en">ear-ring</i> <a href= -"#a303.3">303(3)</a>.<br> -nagpahíkaw <i lang="en">caused himself to be adorned with -ear-rings</i> <a href="#a303.2">303(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-híla: humìhíla <i lang="en">is -dragging</i> <a href="#a118.20">118(20)</a>.<br> -paghíla <i lang="en">a dragging</i> <a href= -"#a118.22">118(22)</a>.<br> -hiníla <i lang="en">was dragged</i> <a href= -"#a16.3">16(3)</a>.<br> -hinìhíla <i lang="en">is being dragged</i> <a href= -"#a100.23">100(23)</a>.<br> -mahìhíla <i lang="en">will be able to be dragged</i> -<a href="#a80.27">80(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hilámos: paŋhilámos <i lang= -"en">water for washing hands</i> <a href="#a62.36">62(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hilàw <i lang="en">raw</i> <a href= -"#a28.31">28(31)</a>.<br> -palahilawìn <i lang="en">kind of rice</i> <a href= -"#a315.20">315(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hilìŋ <i lang="en">request</i> <a href= -"#a219.34">219(34)</a>.<br> -humilìŋ <i lang="en">requested</i> <a href= -"#a186.18">186(18)</a>.<br> -hinilìŋ <i lang="en">was asked for</i> <a href= -"#a16.27">16(27)</a>.<br> -hiníhilìŋ <i lang="en">is being asked for</i> -<a href="#a52.8">52(8)</a>.<br> -mapaŋhilìŋ <i lang="en">given to demanding</i> -<a href="#a42.7">42(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hìléra S. <i lang="en">row</i> <a href= -"#a34.20">34(20)</a>.<br> -makahiléra <i lang="en">be in single file</i> <a href= -"#a110.41">110(41)</a>.<br> -nakahiléra <i lang="en">is in single file</i> <a href= -"#a122.2">122(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-himbìŋ: mahimbìŋ <i lang= -"en">sound</i>, <i lang="en">deep</i> <a href= -"#a296.39">296(39)</a>.<br> -náhimbìŋ <i lang="en">fell sound asleep</i> <a href= -"#a84.19">84(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hínaʾ <i lang="en">weakness</i> <a href= -"#a18.7">18(7)</a>.<br> -humínaʾ <i lang="en">became weak</i>, <i lang="en">slow</i> -<a href="#a227.34">227(34)</a>.<br> -naghínaʾ <i lang="en">made gentle</i> <a href= -"#a234.5">234(5)</a>.<br> -naŋhínaʾ <i lang="en">slackened up</i> <a href= -"#a240.2">240(2)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipaŋhínaʾ <i lang="en">are getting -weak</i> <a href="#a108.28">108(28)</a>.<br> -kahináan <i lang="en">weakness</i>, <i lang="en">slowness</i> -<a href="#a22.39">22(39)</a>.<br> -mahínaʾ <i lang="en">weak</i>, <i lang="en">slow</i> -<a href="#a22.33">22(33)</a>.<br> -mahihínaʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a149.20">149(20)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb356" href= -"#pb356" name="pb356">356</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">hinálaʾ <i lang="en">suspicion</i> <a href= -"#a40.23">40(23)</a>.<br> -paghihinálaʾ <i lang="en">a suspecting</i> <a href= -"#a84.39">84(39)</a>.<br> -hininálaʾ <i lang="en">was suspected</i> <a href= -"#a30.23">30(23)</a>.<br> -hinìhinálaʾ <i lang="en">is being suspected</i> -<a href="#a18.20">18(20)</a>.<br> -pinaghìhinaláan <i lang="en">is the object of -suspicion</i> <a href="#a40.21">40(21)</a>.<br> -màpaghìhinaláan -màpàpaghinaláan <i lang="en">will get -suspected</i> <a href="#a38.19">38(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a298.19">298(19)</a>.<br> -nàpaghìhinaláan napàpaghinaláan -<i lang="en">gets suspected</i> <a href="#a298.15">298(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hindìʾ <i lang="en">not</i>, <i lang= -"en">no</i> <a href="#a16.4">16(4)</a>. <a href="#a152.7">152(7)</a>. -<a href="#p228"><b>228</b></a>. <a href="#p237"><b>237</b></a>. -<a href="#p239"><b>239</b></a>. <a href="#p301"><b>301</b></a>. -<a href="#p319"><b>319</b></a>. <a href="#p340"><b>340</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hinhìn: mahihinhìn <i lang= -"en">respectable</i>, <i lang="en">decent</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a94.11">94(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hintày <i lang="en">wait</i> <a href= -"#a206.1">206(1)</a>.<br> -maghintày <i lang="en">wait</i> <a href= -"#a153.4">153(4)</a>.<br> -naghintày <i lang="en">awaited</i> <a href="#a26.13">26(13)</a>. -<a href="#a30.14">30(14)</a>.<br> -naghíhintày <i lang="en">is awaiting</i> <a href= -"#a48.12">48(12)</a>.<br> -paghihintày <i lang="en">a waiting</i> <a href= -"#a285.23">285(23)</a>.<br> -hinintày <i lang="en">was awaited</i> <a href= -"#a120.37">120(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hintòʾ <i lang="en">a stopping</i>; <i lang= -"en">stop</i> <a href="#a22.26">22(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a222.2">222(2)</a>. <i lang="en">stopped</i> <a href= -"#a223.28">223(28)</a>.<br> -maghintòʾ <i lang="en">stop</i> <a href= -"#a170.3">170(3)</a>.<br> -magsihintòʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a184.22">184(22)</a>.<br> -naghintòʾ <i lang="en">stopped</i>, <i lang="en">ceased</i> -<a href="#a18.3">18(3)</a>. <a href="#a283.13">283(13)</a>.<br> -naghíhintòʾ <i lang="en">stops</i> <a href= -"#a110.36">110(36)</a>.<br> -nagsísipaghintòʾ <i lang="en">pl<span class="corr" -id="xd21e84243" title="Not in source">.</span></i> <a href= -"#a112.5">112(5)</a>.<br> -ihintòʾ <i lang="en">be stopped</i> <a href= -"#a104.19">104(19)</a>.<br> -hintuàn <i lang="en">be ceased from</i> <a href= -"#a251.28">251(28)</a>.<br> -hinintuàn <i lang="en">was ceased from</i> <a href= -"#a122.22">122(22)</a>.<br> -hintúan <i lang="en">stopping-place</i> <a href= -"#a258.32">258(32)</a>.<br> -máhintòʾ <i lang="en">come to an end</i> <a href= -"#a60.37">60(37)</a>.<br> -náhintòʾ <i lang="en">got stopped</i> <a href= -"#a259.34">259(34)</a>.<br> -pahintò-hintòʾ <i lang="en">stopping at -intervals</i> <a href="#a300.30">300(30)</a>.<br> -pinahintòʾ <i lang="en">was caused to stop</i> <a href= -"#a26.2">26(2)</a>.<br> -pinapaghintòʾ <i lang="en">was caused to cease</i> <a href= -"#a84.31">84(31)</a>.<br> -ipinahintòʾ <i lang="en">was caused to be stopped</i> -<a href="#a241.1">241(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hintúlot: pahintúlot <i lang="en">a -permit</i> <a href="#a116.2">116(2)</a>. <a href= -"#a272.4">272(4)</a>.<br> -ipinahìhintúlot <i lang="en">is being permitted</i> -<a href="#a54.18">54(18)</a>.<br> -pahintulútan <i lang="en">be given permission</i> <a href= -"#a264.22">264(22)</a>.<br> -pinahintulútan <i lang="en">was given permission</i> <a href= -"#a264.39">264(39)</a>.<br> -pinahìhintulútan <i lang="en">is being given -permission</i> <a href="#a122.6">122(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hinòg <i lang="en">ripe</i> <a href= -"#a34.28">34(28)</a>.<br> -nagkákahinòg <i lang="en">are in part getting ripe</i> -<a href="#a36.1">36(1)</a>.<br> -nahinòg <i lang="en">got ripe</i> <a href= -"#a16.13">16(13)</a>.<br> -pagkahinòg <i lang="en">a getting ripe</i> <a href= -"#a300.19">300(19)</a>.<br> -napahinòg <i lang="en">was able to be caused to ripen</i> -<a href="#a311.20">311(20)</a>.<br> -nápahinòg <i lang="en">came to be caused to ripen</i> -<a href="#a312.27">312(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hiŋà: humíhiŋà <i lang= -"en">is breathing</i> <a href="#a20.8">20(8)</a>.<br> -hiniŋà <i lang="en">breath</i> <a href= -"#a40.28">40(28)</a>. <a href="#a228.29">228(29)</a>.<br> -makapaghiŋà <i lang="en">be able to breathe</i> <a href= -"#a68.20">68(20)</a>.<br> -magpahiŋà <i lang="en">rest</i> <a href= -"#a54.11">54(11)</a>.<br> -nagpápahiŋà <i lang="en">is resting</i> <a href= -"#a303.3">303(3)</a>.<br> -makapahiŋà <i lang="en">be able to rest</i> <a href= -"#a311.2">311(2)</a>.<br> -makapápahiŋà <i lang="en">will have rested</i> -<a href="#a311.4">311(4)</a>.<br> -nakapahiŋà <i lang="en">has rested</i> <a href= -"#a310.43">310(43)</a>.<br> -nakapápahiŋà <i lang="en">has just rested</i>, -<i lang="en">is rested</i> <a href="#a206.1">206(1)</a>.<br> -nàpàpahiŋà <i lang="en">is resting, of -animals</i> <a href="#a312.31">312(31)</a>.<br> -naŋàpàpahiŋà <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a312.37">312(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hiŋìʾ: paghiŋìʾ -<i lang="en">a requesting</i> <a href="#a227.35">227(35)</a>.<br> -maŋhiŋìʾ <i lang="en">beg</i> <a href= -"#a34.18">34(18)</a>.<br> -naŋhiŋìʾ <i lang="en">begged</i> <a href= -"#a32.20">32(20)</a>.<br> -nagsísipaŋhiŋìʾ <i lang="en">are -begging</i> <a href="#a112.5">112(5)</a>.<br> -maŋhihiŋìʾ <i lang="en">begger</i>, <i lang= -"en">beggar</i> <a href="#a112.16">112(16)</a>.<br> -makahiŋìʾ <i lang="en">be able to ask for</i> <a href= -"#a281.33">281(33)</a><br> -makáhiŋìʾ <i lang="en">get by asking</i> -<a href="#a32.22">32(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hip, <i lang="en">see</i> -íhip.</p> -<p class="par">hípag <i lang="en">husband’s sister</i>, -<i lang="en">(woman’s) brother’s wife</i> <a href= -"#a242.13">242(13)</a>.<br> -maghípag <i lang="en">two women, one of whom is married to the -other’s brother</i> <a href="#a242.12">242(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hípon <i lang="en">kind of shrimp</i> <a href= -"#a259.6">259(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hiràm: híhiràm <i lang="en">will -borrow</i> <a href="#a227.36">227(36)</a>.<br> -maŋhiràm <i lang="en">borrow</i> <a href= -"#a240.5">240(5)</a>.<br> -paŋhihiràm <i lang="en">a borrowing</i> <a href= -"#a221.5">221(5)</a>.<br> -hiniràm <i lang="en">was borrowed</i> <a href= -"#a174.22">174(22)</a>.<br> -hìráman <i lang="en">person borrowed from</i> <a href= -"#a258.34">258(34)</a>.<br> -kahìráman <i lang="en">one of two who borrow from each -other</i> <a href="#a277.39">277(39)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb357" href="#pb357" name= -"pb357">357</a>]</span>magkahìráman <i lang="en">two who -borrow from each other</i> <a href="#a278.35">278(35)</a>.<br> -makákapaŋhiràm <i lang="en">will be able to -borrow</i> <a href="#a287.24">287(24)</a>.<br> -nakákapaŋhiràm <i lang="en">is able to borrow</i> -<a href="#a287.22">287(22)</a>.<br> -mapaŋhiràm <i lang="en">given to borrowing</i> <a href= -"#a289.37">289(37)</a>.<br> -papaŋhiramìn <i lang="en">be caused to go and borrow</i> -<a href="#a305.34">305(34)</a>.<br> -mapahíhiràm <i lang="en">will be able to be caused to -borrow</i>, <i lang="en">will be able to be lent to</i> <a href= -"#a311.21">311(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hírap <i lang="en">misery</i> <a href= -"#a22.5">22(5)</a>. <a href="#a50.29">50(29)</a>.<br> -hiràp <i lang="en">wearied</i> <a href="#a62.25">62(25)</a>.<br> -maghìhírap <i lang="en">will suffer</i> <a href= -"#a46.18">46(18)</a>.<br> -paghihírap <i lang="en">suffering</i> <a href= -"#a44.24">44(24)</a>.<br> -kahirápan <i lang="en">hardship</i> <a href= -"#a62.4">62(4)</a>.<br> -mahírap <i lang="en">difficult</i>, <i lang="en">poor</i> -<a href="#a22.32">22(32)</a>. <a href="#a36.19">36(19)</a>. <a href= -"#p269.3"><b>269</b>(3)</a>.<br> -mahihírap <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a54.22">54(22)</a>.<br> -nahirápan <i lang="en">was pained</i>, <i lang="en">wearied</i> -<a href="#a118.22">118(22)</a>.<br> -nahìhirápan <i lang="en">is being pained</i> <a href= -"#a44.12">44(12)</a>.<br> -nagpàpahírap <i lang="en">is causing to suffer</i> -<a href="#a22.10">22(10)</a>.<br> -pagpapahírap <i lang="en">a causing to suffer</i> <a href= -"#a46.14">46(14)</a>. <a href="#a273.1">273(1)</a>.<br> -pagpapakahírap <i lang="en">a taking pains</i> <a href= -"#a309.20">309(20)</a>.<br> -pahìhirápan <i lang="en">will be caused to suffer</i> -<a href="#a44.10">44(10)</a>. <a href= -"#a100.15">100(15)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e84862" title= -"Not in source">.</span></p> -<p class="par">Hesùs S. <i lang="en">Jesus</i> <a href= -"#a285.42">285(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hitìt: hititìn <i lang="en">be puffed -at</i> <a href="#a66.13">66(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hitsà (S. ?): ihiníhitsà <i lang= -"en">is being tossed up</i> <a href="#a48.5">48(5)</a>.<br> -hinitsahàn <i lang="en">was tossed to</i> <a href= -"#a48.7">48(7)</a>.<br> -nápahitsà <i lang="en">got thrown upward</i> <a href= -"#a84.3">84(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hitsúra S. <i lang="en">appearance</i> <a href= -"#a40.13">40(13)</a>. <a href="#a106.11">106(11)</a>. <a href= -"#a116.33">116(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-híwaʾ: hiníwaʾ <i lang="en">was -slashed</i> <a href="#a20.33">20(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a203.37">203(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-hiwalày: maghiwá-hiwalày <i lang= -"en">part</i>, <i lang="en">separate</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a183.11">183(11)</a>.<br> -naghiwalày <i lang="en">parted (two persons)</i> <a href= -"#a88.17">88(17)</a>.<br> -naghiwá-hiwalày <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a26.34">26(34)</a>. <a href="#a102.40">102(40)</a>.<br> -naghíhiwalày <i lang="en">are parting</i> <a href= -"#a40.18">40(18)</a>.<br> -magkáhiwalày <i lang="en">go apart (two involuntary -actors)</i> <a href="#a270.38">270(38)</a>.<br> -magkàkàhiwá-hiwalày <i lang="en">will -part</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a26.32">26(32)</a>.<br> -nagkàhiwá-hiwalày <i lang="en">went apart</i>, -<i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a271.14">271(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hiyàʾ <i lang="en">shame</i> <a href= -"#a72.12">72(12)</a>. <a href="#a90.39">90(39)</a>.<br> -kahiyá-hiyàʾ <i lang="en">arousing shame</i> -<a href="#a58.13">58(13)</a>.<br> -kahiyaàn <i lang="en">be revered</i> <a href= -"#a274.18">274(18)</a>.<br> -makahiyàʾ <i lang="en">given to embarrassment</i> <a href= -"#a288.31">288(31)</a>.<br> -nahíhiyàʾ <i lang="en">is ashamed</i> <a href= -"#a285.20">285(20)</a>.<br> -mapaŋhìyàʾ <i lang="en">given to -embarrassing</i> <a href="#a289.38">289(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">heyugrafíya hewgrafíya S. <i lang= -"en">geography</i> <a href="#a82.1">82(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hubàd <i lang="en">naked</i> <a href= -"#a223.29">223(29)</a>.<br> -maghubàd <i lang="en">undress oneself</i> <a href= -"#a232.19">232(19)</a>.<br> -pinaghùhubaràn <i lang="en">is being undressed in</i> -<a href="#a255.18">255(18)</a>.<br> -nagpahubàd <i lang="en">had himself undressed</i> <a href= -"#a303.5">303</a><a id="xd21e85101" name="xd21e85101"></a>(5).<br> -pinapaghubàd <i lang="en">was caused to undress himself</i> -<a href="#a305.21">305(21)</a>.<br> -pinahubaràn <i lang="en">was caused to be undressed</i> <a href= -"#a308.11">308(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">húgas <i lang="en">dish-washing</i> <a href= -"#a219.36">219(36)</a>.<br> -naghùhúgas <i lang="en">is washing</i> <a href= -"#a114.7">114(7)</a>.<br> -maghuhugàs <i lang="en">dish-washer</i> <a href= -"#a242.42">242(42)</a>.<br> -maŋhuhugàs <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a243.14">243(14)</a>.<br> -hinùhugásan <i lang="en">is being washed</i> <a href= -"#a251.30">251(30)</a>.<br> -hugasàn <i lang="en">place for dish-washing</i> <a href= -"#a260.8">260(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">húkay <i lang="en">hole</i>, <i lang= -"en">ditch</i> <a href="#a24.38">24(38)</a>.<br> -hukày <i lang="en">hollowed</i> <a href= -"#a104.9">104(9)</a>.<br> -humúkay <i lang="en">dig</i> <a href="#a24.37">24(37)</a>. -<a href="#a152.32">152(32)</a>. <i lang="en">dug</i> <a href= -"#a179.26">179(26)</a>.<br> -hùhukáyin hùhukáin <i lang="en">will be -dug</i> <a href="#a309.34">309(34)</a>.<br> -ihinúkay <i lang="en">was dug for</i> <a href= -"#a248.19">248(19)</a>.<br> -hinukáyan <i lang="en">was dug up</i> <a href= -"#a179.27">179(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hukòm <i lang="en">judge</i> <a href= -"#a18.26">18(26)</a>.<br> -hùkúman <i lang="en">court of justice</i> <a href= -"#a54.31">54(31)</a>.<br> -paghuhùkúman <i lang="en">session of court</i> <a href= -"#a54.34">54(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-húlaʾ: humúlaʾ <i lang= -"en">predicted</i> <a href="#a277.37">277(37)</a>.<br> -maŋhúlaʾ <i lang="en">tell fortunes</i> <a href= -"#a240.6">240(6)</a>.<br> -maŋhuhúlaʾ <i lang="en">fortune-teller</i> <a href= -"#a206.16">206(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">húli (a) <i lang="en">that caught</i> <a href= -"#a220.41">220(41)</a>. <a href="#a282.6">282(6)</a>.<br> -paŋhúli <i lang="en">means of catching</i> <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb358" href="#pb358" name= -"pb358">358</a>]</span>52(27).<br> -humúli <i lang="en">catch</i> <a href="#a108.5">108(5)</a>. -<a href="#a165.34">165(34)</a>.<br> -paghúli <i lang="en">a catching</i> <a href= -"#a108.3">108(3)</a>.<br> -nagsìsihúli <i lang="en">are catching</i> <a href= -"#a102.1">102(1)</a>.<br> -naŋhùhúli <i lang="en">goes catching</i> <a href= -"#a106.39">106(39)</a>. <a href="#a240.6">240(6)</a>.<br> -paŋhuhúli <i lang="en">a catching in quantity</i> <a href= -"#a106.24">106(24)</a>.<br> -maŋhuhúli <i lang="en">catcher</i> <a href= -"#a56.20">56(20)</a>. <a href="#a110.6">110(6)</a><span class="corr" -id="xd21e85363" title="Not in source">.</span><br> -hulíhin <i lang="en">be caught</i> <a href="#a52.16">52(16)</a>. -<a href="#a68.9">68(9)</a>.<br> -hinúli <i lang="en">was caught</i> <a href="#a20.20">20(20)</a>. -<a href="#a84.31">84(31)</a>.<br> -hulíhan <i lang="en">be caught from</i> <a href= -"#a251.32">251(32)</a>.<br> -hulihàn <i lang="en">a catching by many</i> <a href= -"#a260.9">260(9)</a>.<br> -pagkahúli <i lang="en">a having caught</i> <a href= -"#a282.33">282(33)</a>.<br> -màhúli <i lang="en">get caught</i> <a href= -"#a52.22">52(22)</a>. <a href="#a70.19">70(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a102.3">102(3)</a>.<br> -nàhúli <i lang="en">got caught</i> <a href= -"#a16.22">16(22)</a>. <a href="#a44.16">44(16)</a>.<br> -nàhùhúli <i lang="en">is getting caught</i>, -<i lang="en">is caught</i> <a href="#a28.29">28(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a309.7">309(7)</a>.<br> -nagpahúli <i lang="en">allowed himself to be left behind</i> -<a href="#a68.36">68(36)</a>.<br> -tagahúli <i lang="en">catcher</i> <a href= -"#a165.34">165(34)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: hulì <i lang= -"en">late</i>; <i lang="en">last</i> <a href="#a20.30">20(30)</a>. -<a href="#a28.18">28(18)</a>. <a href="#a222.31">222(31)</a>.<br> -paŋhulì <i lang="en">last</i> <a href= -"#a226.10">226(10)</a>.<br> -kàhulì-hulíhan <i lang="en">very last</i> <a href= -"#a40.27">40(27)</a>. <a href="#a280.17">280(17)</a>.<br> -máhulì <i lang="en">be late</i> <a href= -"#a235.39">235(39)</a>.<br> -màhùhulì <i lang="en">will be left behind</i> -<a href="#a18.18">18(18)</a>.<br> -náhulì <i lang="en">was last</i> <a href= -"#a118.34">118(34)</a>.<br> -pagkáhulì <i lang="en">a being left behind</i> <a href= -"#a18.31">18(31)</a>. <a href="#a296.18">296(18)</a>.<br> -màpàpaghulì <i lang="en">will all be caught</i> -<a href="#a198.12">198(12)</a>. <a href="#a297.20">297(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Húliyo S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a279.5">279(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Holò S. <i lang="en">Sulu</i> <a href= -"#a120.18">120(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">húloʾ <i lang="en">source</i>, <i lang= -"en">upstream</i> <a href="#a279.4">279(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-húlog: ihúlog <i lang="en">be dropped</i> -<a href="#a168.19">168(19)</a>.<br> -ihùhúlog <i lang="en">will be dropped</i> <a href= -"#a64.43">64(43)</a>.<br> -hulúgan <i lang="en">be dropped to</i> <a href= -"#a16.17">16(17)</a>.<br> -hùhulúgan <i lang="en">will be dropped to</i> <a href= -"#a16.19">16(19)</a>.<br> -ipakihúlog <i lang="en">be dropped along</i> <a href= -"#a265.6">265(6)</a>.<br> -ipinakihúlog <i lang="en">was dropped along</i> <a href= -"#a265.9">265(9)</a>.<br> -ipinakìkihúlog <i lang="en">is being asked to be dropped -along</i> <a href="#a265.10">265(10)</a>.<br> -ikinahúlog <i lang="en">was the cause of falling</i> <a href= -"#a74.38">74(38)</a>.<br> -kahùhulúgan <i lang="en">will be fallen from</i> <a href= -"#a158.30">158(30)</a>.<br> -kinahulúgan <i lang="en">was fallen from</i> <a href= -"#a274.19">274(19)</a>.<br> -kahùlúgan <i lang="en">one of two who drop to each -other</i> <a href="#a278.6">278(6)</a>.<br> -kahulugàn <i lang="en">meaning</i> <a href="#a30.18">30(18)</a>. -<a href="#a120.24">120(24)</a>.<br> -nakahúlog <i lang="en">caused to drop</i> <a href= -"#a281.34">281(34)</a>.<br> -mahúlog <i lang="en">fall down</i> <a href= -"#a299.32">299(32)</a>.<br> -mahùhúlog <i lang="en">will fall down</i> <a href= -"#a22.12">22(12)</a>.<br> -nahúlog <i lang="en">fell down</i> <a href= -"#a24.7">24(7)</a>.<br> -pagkahúlog <i lang="en">a falling down</i> <a href= -"#a24.18">24(18)</a>.<br> -magpatihulòg <i lang="en">throw oneself down</i> <a href= -"#a206.23">206(23)</a>.<br> -magpápatihulòg <i lang="en">will throw himself down</i> -<a href="#a313.28">313(28)</a>.<br> -nagpatihulòg <i lang="en">threw himself down</i> <a href= -"#a313.21">313(21)</a>.<br> -nagpápatihulòg <i lang="en">throws himself down</i> -<a href="#a313.24">313(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">húni <i lang="en">chirp</i> <a href= -"#a197.21">197(21)</a>.<br> -humúni <i lang="en">purred</i> <a href="#a84.1">84(1)</a>.<br> -hùníhan <i lang="en">chirping together</i> <a href= -"#a202.21">202(21)</a>.<br> -kahùníhan <i lang="en">one of two that chirp at each -other</i> <a href="#a278.8">278(8)</a>.<br> -mapaghunì <i lang="en">given to neighing</i> <a href= -"#a289.31">289(31)</a>.<br> -palahùníhin <i lang="en">given to neighing</i>, <i lang= -"en">chirping</i> <a href="#a315.15">315(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Húniyo S. <i lang="en">June</i> <a href= -"#a110.11">110(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">huŋkòy <i lang="en">winnowed</i> <a href= -"#a223.30">223(30)</a><br> -naghuŋkòy <i lang="en">winnowed</i> <a href= -"#a232.21">232(21)</a>.<br> -huŋkúyan <i lang="en">winnowing-machine</i> <a href= -"#a258.36">258(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Hòrdan S. <i lang="en">Jordan</i> <a href= -"#a106.6">106(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hurnò S. <i lang="en">oven</i> <a href= -"#a212.36">212(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">húsay <i lang="en">excellence</i> <a href= -"#a58.1">58(1)</a>.<br> -nagsìsihúsay <i lang="en">are getting well</i> <a href= -"#a108.36">108(36)</a>.<br> -mahúsay <i lang="en">in good shape</i>, <i lang= -"en">excellent</i> <a href="#a46.5">46(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a108.12">108(12)</a>. <a href="#p269.4"><b>269</b>(4)</a>.<br> -pinakamahúsay <i lang="en">most excellent</i> <a href= -"#a28.38">28(38)</a>.<br> -mahuhúsay <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a196.22">196(22)</a>.<br> -nàhúsay <i lang="en">got well</i> <a href= -"#a44.24">44(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hustò S. <i lang="en">just suited</i> <a href= -"#a108.40">108(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">hóta S. <i lang="en">iota</i> <a href= -"#a30.16">30(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">huwàg <i lang="en">not</i>, <i lang="en">do -not</i> <a href="#a20.13">20(13)</a>. <a href="#p234"><b>234</b></a>. -<a href="#p239"><b>239</b></a>. <a href="#p240"><b>240</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">Huwàn S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a20.2">20(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Huwána S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a173.25">173(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">huwátaw (C?) <i lang="en">Chinese bowl</i> -<a href="#a255.30">255(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">huwès S. <i lang="en">judge</i> <a href= -"#a54.37">54(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">huwétiŋ (C?) <i lang="en">lottery</i> -<a href="#a229.26">229(26)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb359" -href="#pb359" name="pb359">359</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e86020" class="main">I(E).</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">ibà <i lang="en">other</i> <a href= -"#a22.10">22(10)</a>. <a href="#p66"><b>66</b></a>. <a href= -"#p98"><b>98</b></a>. <a href="#p132"><b>132</b></a>. <a href= -"#p251"><b>251</b></a>. <a href="#p314"><b>314</b></a>.<br> -ibà t ibà: nakapagìibà-t-ibà -<i lang="en">is able to alter</i> <a href="#a36.10">36(10)</a>.<br> -pinagibhàn <i lang="en">was differed in</i> <a href= -"#a255.19">255(19)</a>.<br> -pagkakáibà <i lang="en">a being different</i> <a href= -"#a46.39">46(39)</a>. <a href="#a276.31">276(31)</a>.<br> -náibà <i lang="en">got different</i> <a href= -"#a294.24">294(24)</a><br> -nàìibà <i lang="en">changes</i> <a href= -"#a50.17">50(17)</a>.<br> -pagkáibà <i lang="en">a being different</i> <a href= -"#a110.17">110(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">íbig <i lang="en">liked</i>, <i lang= -"en">desired</i> <a href="#a20.18">20(18)</a>. <a href= -"#p267"><b>267</b></a>.<br> -pagíbig <i lang="en">a desiring, loving</i> <a href= -"#a60.25">60(25)</a>. <a href="#a64.4">64(4)</a>.<br> -iníbig <i lang="en">was desired, loved</i> <a href= -"#a18.15">18(15)</a>. <a href="#a40.16">40(16)</a>.<br> -inìíbig <i lang="en">is being desired, loved</i> <a href= -"#a92.20">92(20)</a>.<br> -ìbígan <i lang="en">mutual love</i> <a href= -"#a259.28">259(28)</a>.<br> -magìbígan <i lang="en">loved each other</i> <a href= -"#a236.29">236(29)</a>.<br> -nagììbígan <i lang="en">are loving each other</i> -<a href="#a236.29">236(29)</a>.<br> -pagiìbígan <i lang="en">a loving each other</i> <a href= -"#a90.6">90(6)</a>.<br> -kaibigàn <i lang="en">desire</i>, <i lang="en">affection</i> -<a href="#a140.2">140(2)</a>. <a href="#a168.38">168(38)</a>.<br> -kaìbígan <i lang="en">one of two who love each other</i> -<a href="#a94.18">94(18)</a>. <a href="#a140.2">140(2)</a>. <a href= -"#a278.9">278(9)</a>.<br> -magkaìbígan <i lang="en">two who love each other</i> -<a href="#a42.30">42(30)</a>. <a href="#a278.36">278(36)</a>.<br> -kayibígan <i lang="en">friend</i> <a href="#a16.5">16(5)</a>. -<a href="#a139.41">139(41)</a>. <a href="#a278.17">278(17)</a>.<br> -magkayibígan <i lang="en">pair of friends</i> <a href= -"#a22.30">22(30)</a>. <a href="#a278.37">278(37)</a>.<br> -magkakayibígan <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a26.30">26(30)</a>. <a href="#a278.40">278(40)</a>.<br> -pagkakayibígan <i lang="en">a being friends</i> <a href= -"#a24.28">24(28)</a>. <a href="#a278.30">278(30)</a>.<br> -makipagkayibígan <i lang="en">make friends with</i> <a href= -"#a40.6">40(6)</a>. <a href="#a278.31">278(31)</a>.<br> -nakipagkayibígan <i lang="en">made friends with</i> <a href= -"#a86.30">86(30)</a>.<br> -kàibígan <i lang="en">person loved</i> <a href= -"#a279.41">279(41)</a>.<br> -nagkàkàibígan <i lang="en">are loving each -other</i> <a href="#a90.32">90(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a280.4">280(4)</a>.<br> -maibigìn <i lang="en">fond of</i> <a href="#a96.39">96(39)</a>. -<a href="#a110.15">110(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">íbon <i lang="en">bird</i> <a href= -"#a197.21">197(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ígiʾ: maígiʾ <i lang= -"en">accurate</i> <a href="#a28.5">28(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">igìb <i lang="en">that dipped</i> <a href= -"#a220.42">220(42)</a>.<br> -umigìb <i lang="en">dip out</i> <a href= -"#a227.38">227(38)</a>.<br> -maŋigìb <i lang="en">fetch water</i> <a href= -"#a282.24">282(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Igoróte S. <i lang="en">Igorote</i> <a href= -"#a110.33">110(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-íhaw: ihàw <i lang="en">roasted</i> -<a href="#a222.32">222(32)</a>.<br> -magíhaw <i lang="en">roast</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> <a href= -"#a232.21">232(21)</a>.<br> -iníhaw <i lang="en">was roasted</i> <a href= -"#a244.16">244(16)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e86405" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -ihawàn <i lang="en">gridiron</i> <a href= -"#a295.9">295(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-íhip: umìíhip <i lang="en">is -blowing</i> <a href="#a227.39">227(39)</a>.<br> -hinípan <i lang="en">was blown on</i> <a href= -"#a251.33">251(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ikàw <i lang="en">thou</i> <a href= -"#a18.10">18(10)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p63"><b>63</b></a>. <a href="#p182"><b>182</b></a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See</i> iyò, kà, mò.</p> -<p class="par">-íkid: nakaíkid <i lang="en">is coiled -up</i> <a href="#a120.21">120(21)</a>.<br> -tagaíkid <i lang="en">roller</i> <a href= -"#a315.35">315(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-iklìʾ: kaikliàn <i lang= -"en">shortness</i> <a href="#a192.21">192(21)</a>.<br> -maiiklìʾ <i lang="en">short</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a24.31">24(31)</a>.<br> -nápakaiklìʾ <i lang="en">very short</i> <a href= -"#a221.17">221(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ílag <i lang="en">go away</i> <a href= -"#a151.39">151(39)</a>.<br> -umílag <i lang="en">get out of the way</i> <a href= -"#a56.20">56(20)</a>.<br> -nagsiílag <i lang="en">got out of the way</i>, <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a118.34">118(34)</a>.<br> -umìílag <i lang="en">is running away</i> <a href= -"#a116.7">116(7)</a>.<br> -pagiílag <i lang="en">a getting away</i> <a href= -"#a116.27">116(27)</a>.<br> -paŋiŋílag <i lang="en">an avoiding</i> <a href= -"#a102.2">102(2)</a>. <a href="#a118.43">118(43)</a>. <a href= -"#a240.8">240(8)</a>.<br> -ilágan inlagàn <i lang="en">be avoided</i> <a href= -"#a238.42">238(42)</a>.<br> -inilágan <i lang="en">was avoided</i> <a href= -"#a251.37">251(37)</a>.<br> -inìilágan <i lang="en">is being avoided</i> <a href= -"#a36.22">36(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ilàn <i lang="en">a few</i>; <i lang="en">how -many?</i> <a href="#a16.11">16(11)</a>. <a href="#p66"><b>66</b></a>. -<a href="#p98"><b>98</b></a>.<br> -íilàn <i lang="en">only a few</i> <a href= -"#a38.9">38(9)</a>. <a href="#a48.28">48(28)</a>.<br> -makáilàn <i lang="en">several times</i> <a href= -"#a44.39">44(39)</a>. <a href="#a298.33">298(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ilàŋ <i lang="en">uncanny</i> <a href= -"#a40.9">40(9)</a>.<br> -pagilàŋ <i lang="en">a tricking</i> <a href= -"#a227.41">227(41)</a>.<br> -kailáŋan kayiláŋan <i lang="en">necessity</i> -<a href="#a58.16">58(16)</a>. <a href="#a275.35">275(35)</a>. <a href= -"#a288.12">288(12)</a>.<br> -naŋàŋailáŋan <i lang="en">requires</i> -<a href="#a108.2">108(2)</a>. <a href="#a275.38">275(38)</a>.<br> -paŋaŋailáŋan <i lang="en">a needing</i> <a href= -"#a236.32">236(32)</a>. <a href="#a275.39">275(39)</a>.<br> -kàkailaŋánin <i lang="en">will be necessitated</i> -<a href="#a275.39">275(39)</a>.<br> -kinàkailáŋan <i lang="en">is being necessitated</i> -<a href="#a46.11">46(11)</a>. <a href="#a82.38">82(38)</a>.<br> -nailàŋ <i lang="en">was nonplussed</i><a id="xd21e86710" -name="xd21e86710"></a> <a href="#a285.21">285(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ílap: maiílap <i lang="en">wild</i>, -<i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a28.25">28(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ílaw <i lang="en">light</i>, <i lang= -"en">lamp</i> <a href="#a122.5">122(5)</a>.<br> -ilawàn <i lang="en">lamp</i> <a href="#a286.27">286(27)</a>.<br> -maílaw <i lang="en">illuminated</i> <a href="#a72.6">72(6)</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb360" href="#pb360" name= -"pb360">360</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">elektrisidàd S. <i lang="en">electricity</i> -<a href="#a290.19">290(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ílin: paŋiŋílin <i lang= -"en">performing of ceremonies</i> <a href="#a112.18">112(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ílog <i lang="en">river</i> <a href= -"#a16.2">16(2)</a>.<br> -Ílog-Pásig <i lang="en">Pasig river</i> <a href= -"#a244.9">244(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Ilóko S. <i lang="en">Iloko</i> <a href= -"#a275.8">275(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">impiyèrno, <i lang="en">see</i> -infiyèrno.</p> -<p class="par">empléyo S. <i lang="en">employment</i> <a href= -"#a92.32">92(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">impò <i lang="en">grandmother</i> <a href= -"#p59"><b>59</b></a>. <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.<br> -magimpò <i lang="en">grandmother and grandchild</i> <a href= -"#a242.13">242(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">inà <i lang="en">mother</i> <a href= -"#a30.27">30(27)</a>. <a href="#a151.22">151(22)</a>. <a href= -"#p59"><b>59</b></a>.<br> -maginà <i lang="en">mother and child</i> <a href= -"#a242.14">242(14)</a>.<br> -magiinà <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a242.30">242(30)</a>.<br> -inahìn <i lang="en">female</i> <a href= -"#a238.40">238(40)</a>.<br> -iníinà <i lang="en">godmother</i> <a href= -"#a247.17">247(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ínam: maínam <i lang="en">handsome</i>, -<i lang="en">pleasant</i> <a href="#a18.14">18(14)</a>. <a href= -"#p269.5"><b>269</b>(5)</a>.<br> -pàináman <i lang="en">be made very pretty</i> <a href= -"#a308.37">308(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">indàʾ <i lang="en">grandmother</i> <a href= -"#p59"><b>59</b></a>. <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-inìp: naíinìp <i lang="en">is -impatient</i> <a href="#a285.22">285(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ínit <i lang="en">heat</i> <a href= -"#a134.19">134(19)</a>.<br> -inìt <i lang="en">heated</i>, <i lang="en">angry</i> <a href= -"#a167.9">167(9)</a>. <a href="#a222.33">222(33)</a>.<br> -umínit <i lang="en">became hot</i> <a href= -"#a227.42">227(42)</a>.<br> -nagínit <i lang="en">heated</i>; <i lang="en">grew angry</i> -<a href="#a24.22">24(22)</a>.<br> -nagìínit <i lang="en">is heating</i> <a href= -"#a234.6">234(6)</a>.<br> -kainítan <i lang="en">heat</i> <a href= -"#a118.20">118(20)</a>.<br> -maínit <i lang="en">hot</i> <a href="#a50.9">50(9)</a>.<br> -maiínit <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a96.29">96(29)</a>. -<i lang="en">and Corrigenda</i>.<br> -taginìt <i lang="en">hot season</i> <a href= -"#a152.20">152(20)</a>. <a href="#a315.11">315(11)</a>. <i lang= -"en">and Corrigenda</i>.</p> -<p class="par">iniyò <i lang="en">prep. and loc. of</i> -kayò: <i lang="en">your</i>, <i lang="en">you</i>, <i lang= -"en">by you</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#p165"><b>165</b></a>. -<a href="#p169"><b>169</b></a>.<br> -niniyò <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">by you</i>, <i lang= -"en">of you</i>, <a href="#p163"><b>163</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-inlag, <i lang="en">see</i> ílag.</p> -<p class="par">infiyèrno impiyèrno S. <i lang= -"en">hell</i> <a href="#a22.6">22(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">entabládo S. <i lang="en">platform</i> <a href= -"#a98.40">98(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-intindè S.: nàintindihàn <i lang= -"en">was understood</i> <a href="#a50.6">50(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Intsèk <i lang="en">Chinese</i> <a href= -"#a56.34">56(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-inò: ininò <i lang="en">was paid -attention to</i> <a href="#a68.6">68(6)</a>.<br> -náinò <i lang="en">got noticed</i> <a href= -"#a100.3">100(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-inòm: uminòm <i lang="en">drank</i> -<a href="#a228.2">228(2)</a>.<br> -paginòm <i lang="en">a drinking</i> <a href= -"#a163.21">163(21)</a>.<br> -magiinòm <i lang="en">drink much</i> <a href= -"#a206.26">206(26)</a>.<br> -màŋiŋínom maŋiínom <i lang= -"en">boozer</i> <a href="#a243.11">243(11)</a>.<br> -ininòm <i lang="en">was drunk</i> <a href= -"#a230.11">230(11)</a>.<br> -inumìn <i lang="en">drinking water</i> <a href= -"#a247.27">247(27)</a>.<br> -ìnumínan <i lang="en">water-shelf</i> <a href= -"#a259.22">259(22)</a>.<br> -ìnúman <i lang="en">drinking-party</i> <a href= -"#a257.25">257(25)</a>.<br> -kaìnúman <i lang="en">one of two who drink together</i> -<a href="#a277.40">277(40)</a>.<br> -makáinòm <i lang="en">accidentally drink</i> <a href= -"#a88.34">88(34)</a>.<br> -pinaíinòm <i lang="en">is being caused to drink</i> -<a href="#a200.18">200(18)</a>.<br> -tagainòm <i lang="en">one whose only duty it is to drink</i> -<a href="#a315.36">315(36)</a>.<br> -tagapagpainòm <i lang="en">one whose duty it is to give -drink</i> <a href="#a316.2">316(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">inúyat <i lang="en">molasses</i> <a href= -"#a253.40">253(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-íŋat: nagíŋat <i lang="en">was -careful</i> <a href="#a288.13">288(13)</a>.<br> -nagìíŋat <i lang="en">is being careful</i> <a href= -"#a48.13">48(13)</a>.<br> -pagiíŋat <i lang="en">a being careful</i> <a href= -"#a62.14">62(14)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e87260" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -iŋátan <i lang="en">be done carefully</i> <a href= -"#a227.31">227(31)</a>.<br> -pagiŋátan <i lang="en">be given due care</i> <a href= -"#a255.20">255(20)</a>.<br> -maíŋat <i lang="en">careful</i> <a href= -"#a40.22">40(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">íŋay <i lang="en">noise</i> <a href= -"#a32.30">32(30)</a>.<br> -pagiiŋày <i lang="en">a making much noise</i> <a href= -"#a293.13">293(13)</a>.<br> -naíŋay <i lang="en">made a sound</i> <a href= -"#a285.30">285(30)</a>.<br> -maíŋay <i lang="en">make a sound</i> <a href= -"#a106.5">106(5)</a>. <i lang="en">noisy</i> <a href= -"#a295.16">295(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Iŋglès Iŋgléses S. <i lang= -"en">English</i> <a href="#a155.24">155(24)</a>. <a href= -"#a260.11">260(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">iŋkantádo S. <i lang="en">enchanted</i> -<a href="#a84.16">84(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">eŋkantadòr S. <i lang="en">enchanter</i> -<a href="#a84.38">84(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">iŋkòŋ <i lang="en">grandfather</i> -<a href="#p59"><b>59</b></a>. <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">ipà <i lang="en">rice-hulls</i> <a href= -"#a120.22">120(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ípat, <i lang="en">see</i> ápat.</p> -<p class="par">-ípon: nagsìsipagípon <i lang= -"en">are gathering up</i> <a href="#a262.37">262(37)</a>.<br> -maípon <i lang="en">have been gathered</i> <a href= -"#a34.12">34(12)</a>.<br> -naípon <i lang="en">has been gathered</i> <a href= -"#a60.32">60(32)</a>.<br> -màípon <i lang="en">get gathered</i> <a href= -"#a293.39">293(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">irè <i lang="en">this</i> <a href= -"#a163.36">163(36)</a>. <a href="#p64"><b>64</b></a>.<br> -nirì <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb361" href="#pb361" name="pb361">361</a>]</span><i lang="en">of -this</i>, <i lang="en">by this</i> <a href="#a316.18">316(18)</a>. -<a href="#p166"><b>166</b></a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See also</i> díne.</p> -<p class="par">isà sà <i lang="en">one</i>, <i lang= -"en">a</i> <a href="#a16.3">16(3)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>. -<a href="#p248"><b>248</b></a>. <a href="#p261"><b>261</b></a>. -<a href="#p314"><b>314</b></a>.<br> -isà ŋ báhay: kasà-ŋ-báhay -<i lang="en">housemate</i> <a href="#a68.22">68(22)</a>. <a href= -"#a266.37">266(37)</a>.<br> -isà ŋ daàn: ikaisà-ŋ-daàn -<i lang="en">hundredth</i> <a href="#a273.22">273(22)</a>.<br> -isà ŋ laksà: ikaisà-ŋ-laksàʾ -<i lang="en">millionth</i> <a href="#a273.23">273(23)</a>.<br> -isà ŋ líbo: ikaisà-ŋ-líbo -<i lang="en">thousandth</i> <a href="#a273.23">273(23)</a>.<br> -isà ŋ pùʾ: paŋsà-m-pùʾ -<i lang="en">number ten</i> <a href="#a225.40">225(40)</a>.<br> -ikasà-m-pùʾ <i lang="en">tenth</i> <a href= -"#a212.38">212(38)</a>. <a href="#a273.24">273(24)</a>.<br> -makásà-m-pùʾ <i lang="en">ten times</i> -<a href="#a64.19">64(19)</a>.<br> -íisà <i lang="en">only one</i> <a href= -"#a36.20">36(20)</a>.<br> -isà-isà <i lang="en">one by one</i> <a href= -"#a32.23">32(23)</a>. <a href="#a76.19">76(19)</a>. <a href= -"#p265.4"><b>265</b>(4)</a>.<br> -nagisà-isà <i lang="en">acted one by one</i> <a href= -"#a239.16">239(16)</a>.<br> -inisà-isà <i lang="en">were taken one by one</i> <a href= -"#a76.15">76(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">isdàʾ <i lang="en">fish</i> <a href= -"#a88.26">88(26)</a>.<br> -máŋiŋisdàʾ <i lang="en">fisherman</i> -<a href="#a243.6">243(6)</a>.<br> -palàisdáan <i lang="en">fishpond</i> <a href= -"#a315.24">315(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ísip <i lang="en">thought</i>, <i lang= -"en">intelligence</i>; <i lang="en">think</i> <a href= -"#a88.15">88(15)</a>. <a href="#a159.29">159(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a184.15">184(15)</a>. <a href="#a222.2">222(2)</a>.<br> -paŋísip <i lang="en">means of thinking</i> <a href= -"#a271.15">271(15)</a>.<br> -umísip <i lang="en">think</i> <a href="#a228.3">228(3)</a>. -<i lang="en">thought out</i> <a href="#a96.19">96(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a100.15">100(15)</a>.<br> -pagísip <i lang="en">a thinking out</i> <a href= -"#a228.4">228(4)</a>.<br> -magísip <i lang="en">take thought</i> <a href= -"#a200.23">200(23)</a>. <a href="#a234.7">234(7)</a>.<br> -nagísip <i lang="en">took thought</i>, <i lang="en">planned</i> -<a href="#a207.20">207(20)</a>. <a href="#a233.8">233(8)</a>.<br> -pagiísip <i lang="en">a planning</i>; <i lang= -"en">thinking-power</i>, <i lang="en">reason</i> <a href= -"#a44.25">44(25)</a>. <a href="#a98.34">98(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a234.9">234(9)</a>. <a href="#a252.31">252(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a254.27">254(27)</a>.<br> -magisìp <i lang="en">think of various things</i> <a href= -"#a237.33">237(33)</a>.<br> -nagisìp <i lang="en">thought about</i>, <i lang="en">ransacked -his mind</i> <a href="#a102.43">102(43)</a>.<br> -nagíisìp <i lang="en">is variously thinking of</i> -<a href="#a202.42">202(42)</a>.<br> -pagiisìp <i lang="en">a searching through one’s mind</i> -<a href="#a30.16">30(16)</a>.<br> -isípin <i lang="en">be thought of</i> <a href= -"#a166.11">166(11)</a>.<br> -inísip <i lang="en">was thought of</i> <a href= -"#a170.4">170(4)</a>.<br> -pinagísip <i lang="en">was planned</i> <a href= -"#a246.14">246(14)</a>.<br> -pinagisìp <i lang="en">was variously thought out</i> <a href= -"#a246.21">246(21)</a>.<br> -pagkaísip <i lang="en">a having thought out</i> <a href= -"#a193.31">193(31)</a>.<br> -pagkàísip <i lang="en">a chance thinking out</i> <a href= -"#a291.7">291(7)</a>. <a href="#a292.11">292(11)</a>.<br> -nagpaísip <i lang="en">caused to be thought out</i> <a href= -"#a310.21">310(21)</a>.<br> -ipinaísip <i lang="en">was caused to be thought of</i> <a href= -"#a306.18">306(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">eskuwéla S. <i lang="en">pupil</i> <a href= -"#a304.5">304(5)</a>.<br> -eskuwèlhan <i lang="en">school</i> <a href= -"#a90.3">90(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Espániya S. <i lang="en">Spain</i> <a href= -"#a80.40">80(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ispírito S. <i lang="en">spirit</i> <a href= -"#a66.23">66(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Estádos-Unídos S. <i lang="en">United -States</i> <a href="#a46.33">46(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">estasiyòn S. <i lang="en">station</i> <a href= -"#a116.20">116(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">estudiyànte S. <i lang="en">student</i> <a href= -"#a26.29">26(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">estopádo S. <i lang="en">stew</i> <a href= -"#a182.2">182(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">istóriya S. <i lang="en">history</i> <a href= -"#a271.6">271(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">itìm <i lang="en">black</i> <a href= -"#a36.40">36(40)</a>.<br> -itimàn <i lang="en">be made black</i> <a href= -"#a251.40">251(40)</a>.<br> -kaitìm <i lang="en">what blackness</i> <a href= -"#a151.27">151(27)</a>.<br> -kaiitìm <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a267.41">267(41)</a>.<br> -maitìm <i lang="en">black</i> <a href="#a36.12">36(12)</a>.<br> -pàitimàn <i lang="en">be made very black</i> <a href= -"#a308.37">308(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">itlòg <i lang="en">egg</i> <a href= -"#a28.31">28(31)</a>.<br> -pinaŋitlugàn <i lang="en">was laid into</i> <a href= -"#a256.35">256(35)</a>.<br> -pàŋitlúgan <i lang="en">place where eggs are -laid</i> <a href="#a262.4">262(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">itò yitò <i lang="en">this</i>, <i lang= -"en">the latter</i>, <i lang="en">he</i>, <i lang="en">it</i> <a href= -"#a16.32">16(32)</a>. <a href="#p64"><b>64</b></a>.<br> -nitò <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">of this</i>, <i lang= -"en">by this</i> <a href="#a20.34">20(34)</a>. <a href= -"#p166"><b>166</b></a>.<br> -ganitò <i lang="en">in this manner</i> <a href= -"#a26.7">26(7)</a>. <a href="#p190"><b>190</b></a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See also</i> díto.</p> -<p class="par">-íwan: íwan (<i lang="en">for</i> -i-íwan) <i lang="en">be left</i> <a href="#a32.3">32(3)</a>. -<a href="#a140.3">140(3)</a>.<br> -ìíwan <i lang="en">will be left</i> <a href= -"#a248.21">248(21)</a>.<br> -iníwan <i lang="en">was left</i> <a href="#a32.25">32(25)</a>. -<a href="#a44.42">44(42)</a>.<br> -inìíwan <i lang="en">is being left</i> <a href= -"#a248.22">248(22)</a>.<br> -kinaiwánan <i lang="en">was left in</i> <a href= -"#a237.34">237(34)</a>.<br> -naíwan <i lang="en">has been left</i> <a href= -"#a32.27">32(27)</a>.<br> -naŋaíwan <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a120.33">120(33)</a>.<br> -nàíwan <i lang="en">got left</i> <a href= -"#a293.16">293(16)</a>.<br> -nagpáiwàn <i lang="en">caused himself to be left</i> -<a href="#a50.38">50(38)</a>. <a href="#a304.26">304(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-iyàk: umiyàk <i lang="en">weep</i>, -<i lang="en">cry</i> <a href="#a186.35">186(35)</a>.<br> -umíiyàk <i lang="en">is weeping</i> <a href= -"#a22.24">22(24)</a>.<br> -nagsísiiyàk <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a114.15">114(15)</a>.<br> -pagiyàk <i lang="en">a weeping, crying</i> <a href= -"#a100.1">100(1)</a>. <a href="#a228.6">228(6)</a>.<br> -inìiyakàn <i lang="en">is being wept for</i> <a href= -"#a251.42">251(42)</a>.<br> -ìyákan <i lang="en">a crying by many</i> <a href= -"#a100.4">100(4)</a>. <a href="#a257.26">257(26)</a>.<br> -nagìyákan <i lang="en">wept together</i> <a href= -"#a32.8">32(8)</a>.<br> -ikináiyàk <i lang="en">was the <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb362" href="#pb362" name= -"pb362">362</a>]</span>cause of weeping</i> <a href= -"#a30.37">30(37)</a>.<br> -paiyàk-iyàk <i lang="en">weeping at intervals</i> -<a href="#a300.38">300(38)</a>.<br> -pagpapaiyàk <i lang="en">a causing to cry</i> <a href= -"#a100.7">100(7)</a>.<br> -nápaiyàk <i lang="en">burst into tears</i> <a href= -"#a90.20">90(20)</a>.<br> -palaiyákin <i lang="en">cry-baby</i> <a href= -"#a315.17">315(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">iyàn yàn <i lang="en">that</i> <a href= -"#a20.9">20(9)</a>. <a href="#p64"><b>64</b></a>.<br> -niyàn <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">of that</i>, <i lang= -"en">by that</i> <a href="#a157.32">157(32)</a>. <a href= -"#p166"><b>166</b></a>.<br> -ganiyàn <i lang="en">in that manner</i> <a href= -"#a20.12">20(12)</a>. <a href="#a102.22">102(22)</a>. <a href= -"#p190"><b>190</b></a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See also</i> diyàn.</p> -<p class="par">iyò yò <i lang="en">prep. and loc. of</i> -ikàw: <i lang="en">by thee</i>, <i lang="en">thee</i>, <i lang= -"en">thy</i> <a href="#a16.28">16(28)</a>. <a href= -"#p165"><b>165</b></a>. <a href="#p169"><b>169</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">iyòn yòn yoòn yaòn <i lang= -"en">that</i>, <i lang="en">you</i>, <i lang="en">the former</i> -<a href="#a16.9">16(9)</a>. <a href="#p64"><b>64</b></a>.<br> -niyòn noòn <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">of -that</i>, <i lang="en">by that</i>, <a href="#a34.27">34(27)</a>. -<a href="#a38.8">38(8)</a>. <a href="#a50.27">50(27)</a>. <a href= -"#p166"><b>166</b></a>.<br> -gayòn ganoòn <i lang="en">in that manner</i> <a href= -"#a18.19">18(19)</a>. <a href="#p190"><b>190</b></a>. <a href= -"#p238"><b>238</b></a>. <a href="#p239"><b>239</b></a><span class= -"corr" id="xd21e88384" title="Not in source">.</span><br> -magkágayòn <i lang="en">happen thus</i> <a href= -"#a46.17">46(17)</a>. <a href="#a271.10">271(10)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See also</i> doòn.</p> -<p class="par">Eyurúpa Yurúpa S. <i lang="en">Europe</i> -<a href="#a82.2">82(2)</a>. <a href="#a221.37">221(37)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div id="ixk" lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e88415" class="main">K.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">kà <i lang="en">thou</i>, <i lang= -"en">enclitic form of</i> ikàw <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. -<a href="#p63"><b>63</b></a>. <a href="#p182"><b>182</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">kabaliyerésa S. <i lang="en">stable</i> <a href= -"#a181.39">181(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kabàn <i lang="en">box</i>; <i lang="en">dry -measure of 75 litres, equal to 25</i> salòp; <i lang= -"en">twenty-five</i> <a href="#a220.38">220(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a228.36">228(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kabáyo S. <i lang="en">horse</i> <a href= -"#a60.30">60(30)</a>. <a href="#a288.25">288(25)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See</i> kinamatayàn.<br> -naŋàŋabáyo <i lang="en">is riding horseback</i> -<a href="#a240.9">240(9)</a>.<br> -kabá-kabayúhan <i lang="en">hobby-horse</i> <a href= -"#a261.34">261(34)</a>.<br> -nakapaŋàŋabáyo <i lang="en">is able to ride -horseback</i> <a href="#a287.26">287(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kabiyàw: kumabiyàw <i lang="en">press -sugar-cane</i> <a href="#a228.6">228(6)</a>.<br> -kabyáwan <i lang="en">cane-press</i> <a href= -"#a255.28">255(28)</a>.<br> -pagkabyawàn <i lang="en">be used to press cane in</i> <a href= -"#a255.27">255(27)</a>.<br> -pagkàkabyawàn <i lang="en">will be used to press cane -in</i> <a href="#a255.28">255(28)</a>.<br> -pinagkabyawàn <i lang="en">was the place of pressing cane</i> -<a href="#a255.24">255(24)</a>.<br> -pinagkàkabyawàn <i lang="en">is the place of -cane-pressing</i> <a href="#a255.25">255(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kabuluhàn, <i lang="en">see</i> -búlo.</p> -<p class="par">kabutì <i lang="en">mushroom</i> <a href= -"#a244.19">244(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kagàt: pagkagàt <i lang="en">a -gnawing</i> <a href="#a36.4">36(4)</a>. <a href="#a86.6">86(6)</a>.<br> -kinagàt <i lang="en">was gnawed</i> <a href= -"#a76.9">76(9)</a>.<br> -kinákagàt <i lang="en">is being gnawed</i> <a href= -"#a106.30">106(30)</a>.<br> -pinagkakagàt <i lang="en">was variously gnawed</i> <a href= -"#a84.24">84(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">káhit <i lang="en">although</i>; <i lang="en">no -matter</i>; <i lang="en">any</i> <a href="#a18.11">18(11)</a>. <a href= -"#a22.3">22(3)</a>. <a href="#a28.21">28(<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e88623" title="Source: 41">21</span>)</a>. <a href= -"#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href="#p68"><b>68</b></a>. <a href= -"#p248"><b>248</b></a>. <a href="#p253"><b>253</b></a>. <a href= -"#p264"><b>264</b></a>. <a href="#p290"><b>290</b></a>. <a href= -"#p294"><b>294</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">kahòn S. <i lang="en">box</i> <a href= -"#a84.42">84(42)</a>. <a href="#a120.20">120(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">káhoy <i lang="en">wood</i>; <i lang= -"en">tree</i> <a href="#a32.33">32(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a34.28">34(28)</a>. <a href="#a58.1">58(1)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See</i> búŋa, piráso, -púnoʾ.</p> -<p class="par">-káin: kumáin <i lang="en">eat</i> -<a href="#a24.1">24(1)</a>. <i lang="en">ate</i> <a href= -"#a16.16">16(16)</a>.<br> -kumàkáin <i lang="en">is eating</i> <a href= -"#a42.8">42(8)</a>.<br> -kàkáin <i lang="en">will eat</i> <a href= -"#a28.39">28(39)</a>.<br> -pagkáin <i lang="en">an eating</i>; <i lang="en">food</i> -<a href="#a28.33">28(33)</a>. <a href="#a241.40">241(40)</a>. <a href= -"#a254.5">254(5)</a>.<br> -naŋàŋáin <i lang="en">makes his food of</i> -<a href="#a36.13">36(13)</a>.<br> -kánin <i lang="en">be eaten</i> <a href="#a293.20">293(20)</a>. -<i lang="en">boiled rice</i> <a href="#a72.34">72(34)</a>.<br> -kináin <i lang="en">was eaten</i> <a href="#a32.16">32(16)</a>. -<i lang="en">contents of stomach</i> <a href="#a275.7">275(7)</a>.<br> -maŋináin <i lang="en">graze</i> <a href= -"#a18.33">18(33)</a>. <a href="#a241.13">241(13)</a>.<br> -naŋìŋináin <i lang="en">is grazing</i> <a href= -"#a18.2">18(2)</a>.<br> -paŋiŋináin <i lang="en">a grazing</i> <a href= -"#a18.4">18(4)</a>.<br> -makapaŋináin <i lang="en">have grazed</i> <a href= -"#a18.36">18(36)</a>.<br> -kinàkáin <i lang="en">is being eaten</i> <a href= -"#a36.15">36(15)</a>.<br> -kakanìn <i lang="en">sweetmeats</i> <a href= -"#a108.6">108(6)</a>.<br> -nagkàkakanìn <i lang="en">makes sweetmeats</i> <a href= -"#a236.7">236(7)</a>.<br> -pagkánan <i lang="en">be eaten from</i> <a href= -"#a255.30">255(30)</a>.<br> -kàínan <i lang="en">eating-party</i> <a href= -"#a284.36">284(36)</a>.<br> -pagkakàínan <i lang="en">an eating together</i> <a href= -"#a108.21">108(21)</a>.<br> -kainàn kakanàn <i lang="en">dining-room</i> <a href= -"#a114.6">114(6)</a>. <a href="#a230.12">230(12)</a>.<br> -makikáin <i lang="en">eat along</i> <a href= -"#a192.40">192(40)</a>.<br> -makìkikáin <i lang="en">will eat along</i> <a href= -"#a264.6">264(6)</a>.<br> -nakikáin <i lang="en">ate along</i> <a href= -"#a264.7">264(7)</a>.<br> -kakàkáin <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb363" href= -"#pb363" name="pb363">363</a>]</span><i lang="en">there has been -eating</i> <a href="#a175.8">175(8)</a>.<br> -kakàínan <i lang="en">one of two who eat together</i> -<a href="#a278.9">278(9)</a>.<br> -makakáin <i lang="en">be able to eat</i> <a href= -"#a94.30">94(30)</a>. <a href="#a281.37">281(37)</a>.<br> -nakáin <i lang="en">was able to be eaten</i> <a href= -"#a283.27">283(27)</a>.<br> -pagkakáin <i lang="en">a having eaten</i> <a href= -"#a108.27">108(27)</a>.<br> -makàkáin <i lang="en">happen to eat</i> <a href= -"#a108.9">108(9)</a>.<br> -makàpakikáin-káin <i lang="en">ever eat along</i> -<a href="#a297.26">297(26)</a>.<br> -paŋpakáin <i lang="en">served as food</i> <a href= -"#a112.29">112(29)</a>.<br> -nagpakáin <i lang="en">caused to be eaten</i> <a href= -"#a303.6">303(6)</a>.<br> -pagpapakáin <i lang="en">a causing to eat</i> <a href= -"#a112.39">112(39)</a>.<br> -pakánin <i lang="en">be caused to eat</i> <a href= -"#a72.33">72(33)</a>.<br> -ipinakipakáin <i lang="en">was asked to be caused to eat</i> -<a href="#a307.37">307(37)</a>.<br> -tagakáin <i lang="en">one whose task is merely to eat</i> -<a href="#a315.37">315(37)</a>.<br> -tagapagpakáin <i lang="en">one who is to serve food</i> <a href= -"#a316.4">316(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kaiŋìn <i lang="en">a clearing</i> <a href= -"#a118.40">118(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kakàw S. <i lang="en">cocoa</i> <a href= -"#a299.6">299(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">káki S. <i lang="en">khaki</i> <a href= -"#a122.2">122(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalabása S. <i lang="en">pumpkin</i> <a href= -"#a76.15">76(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalabàw (S.) <i lang="en"><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e89061" title="Source: caribou">carabao</span></i> <a href= -"#a70.38">70(38)</a>.<br> -kalabàw-ramò <i lang="en"><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e89070" title="Source: grass-caribou">grass-carabao</span></i>, -<i lang="en">wild <span class="corr" id="xd21e89075" title= -"Source: caribou">carabao</span></i> <a href="#a230.9">230(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalabìt <i lang="en">a touch</i> <a href= -"#a201.26">201(26)</a>.<br> -kakàlabítan <i lang="en">one of two who touch each -other</i> <a href="#a277.41">277(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalabòg <i lang="en">a thud</i> <a href= -"#a24.4">24(4)</a>.<br> -kumalabòg <i lang="en">fell with a thud</i> <a href= -"#a24.9">24(9)</a>.<br> -kàlabúgan <i lang="en">thud of many objects</i> <a href= -"#a257.27">257(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalákal <i lang="en">merchandise</i> <a href= -"#a236.31">236(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalámay <i lang="en">rice-paste</i> <a href= -"#a56.16">56(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalàn <i lang="en">stove</i>, <i lang= -"en">brazier</i> <a href="#a74.5">74(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalasìŋ <i lang="en">clink</i> <a href= -"#a247.21">247(21)</a>.<br> -kàlasíŋan <i lang="en">clink of many objects</i> -<a href="#a257.31">257(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kálat: pakálat <i lang="en">caused to be -rumored</i> <a href="#a118.10">118(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kálaw <i lang="en">owl</i> <a href= -"#a18.29">18(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kalaykày <i lang="en">rake</i> <a href= -"#a225.25">225(25)</a>.<br> -kinalaykày <i lang="en">was raked</i> <a href= -"#a166.22">166(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kàliŋkíŋan, <i lang="en">see</i> --liŋkìŋ.</p> -<p class="par">kaliwàʾ <i lang="en">left-hand</i> <a href= -"#a90.26">90(26)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See</i> bandà.</p> -<p class="par">kalsáda, <i lang="en">see</i> karsáda.</p> -<p class="par">káluluwà <i lang="en">soul</i> <a href= -"#a72.26">72(26)</a>. <a href="#a268.15">268(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kaluskòs: kumaluskòs <i lang= -"en">pattered</i> <a href="#a228.6">228(6)</a>.<br> -kàluskúsan <i lang="en">a pattering by many</i> <a href= -"#a84.20">84(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kamálig <i lang="en">storehouse</i> <a href= -"#a253.37">253(37)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">Also as place-n., see</i> báyan.</p> -<p class="par">kamátis (S.) <i lang="en">tomato</i> <a href= -"#a268.26">268(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kamatsilè S. <i lang="en">a tree</i>, <i lang= -"la">Pithecolobium dulce Benth.</i> <a href="#a247.1">247(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kamày <i lang="en">hand</i> <a href= -"#a22.9">22(9)</a>.<br> -nagkàmáyan <i lang="en">shook hands with each other</i> -<a href="#a234.10">234(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kambèŋ <i lang="en">goat</i> <a href= -"#a112.40">112(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kamì <i lang="en">we</i>, <i lang="en">excl.</i> -<a href="#a20.38">20(38)</a>. <a href="#p63"><b>63</b></a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See</i> ámin.</p> -<p class="par">kamiséta S. <i lang="en">shirt</i> <a href= -"#a122.2">122(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kamìt: nagkamìt <i lang="en">gained</i> -<a href="#a232.22">232(22)</a>.<br> -kàkamtàn <i lang="en">will be received</i> <a href= -"#a272.42">272(42)</a>.<br> -màkamtàn <i lang="en">get obtained</i> <a href= -"#a40.5">40(5)</a>.<br> -nàkamtàn <i lang="en">got obtained</i> <a href= -"#a62.3">62(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kampánaʾ S. <i lang="en">church-bell</i> -<a href="#a80.26">80(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kampìt <i lang="en">kitchen-knife</i> <a href= -"#a174.22">174(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kampòn S. <i lang="en">comrade</i> <a href= -"#a305.33">305(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kámot: kinámot <i lang="en">was -scratched</i> <a href="#a84.2">84(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kamóte S. <i lang="en">sweet-potato</i> <a href= -"#a253.2">253(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kánan <i lang="en">right-hand</i> <a href= -"#a90.26">90(26)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See</i> bandà.</p> -<p class="par">kandáro S. <i lang="en">lock</i> <a href= -"#a283.40">283(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kandidáto S. <i lang="en">candidate</i> <a href= -"#a209.24">209(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kandílaʾ S. <i lang="en">candle</i> <a href= -"#a50.29">50(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kandeléro S. <i lang="en">candlestick</i> -<a href="#a293.5">293(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kanilà, <i lang="en">see</i> silà.</p> -<p class="par">kanína <i lang="en">a little while ago</i> -<a href="#a22.17">22(17)</a>. <a href="#a50.40">50(40)</a>. <a href= -"#p262.5"><b>262</b>(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kaníno, <i lang="en">see</i> síno.<br> -—kanità, <i lang="en">see</i> kità.<br> -—kaniyà, <i lang="en">see</i> siyà.</p> -<p class="par">kaniyàʾ <i lang="en">therefore</i> <a href= -"#a20.13">20(13)</a>. <a href="#p241"><b>241</b></a>. <a href= -"#p295"><b>295</b></a>. <a href="#p297"><b>297</b></a>. <a href= -"#p324"><b>324</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">kaniyòn S. <i lang="en">cannon</i> <a href= -"#a252.9">252(9)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb364" href= -"#pb364" name="pb364">364</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">kaniyunéro kaniyunéros S. <i lang= -"en">cannoneer</i> <a href="#a200.18">200(18)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> -trabáho.</p> -<p class="par">kànser S. <i lang="en">cancer</i> <a href= -"#a204.11">204(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kantà S. <i lang="en">song</i> <a href= -"#a208.6">208(6)</a>.<br> -kumantà <i lang="en">sing</i> <a href= -"#a110.32">110(32)</a>.<br> -kumákantà <i lang="en">is singing</i> <a href= -"#a228.8">228(8)</a>.<br> -nagsísikantà <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a110.38">110(38)</a>.<br> -pagkantà <i lang="en">a singing</i> <a href= -"#a112.3">112(3)</a>.<br> -nagkákantà <i lang="en">sings</i> <a href= -"#a112.2">112(2)</a>.<br> -kantahìn <i lang="en">be sung</i> <a href= -"#a110.38">110(38)</a>.<br> -kinantà <i lang="en">was sung</i> <a href= -"#a208.7">208(7)</a>.<br> -kantahàn <i lang="en">be sung for</i> <a href= -"#a204.29">204(29)</a>.<br> -kantáhan <i lang="en">song in chorus</i> <a href= -"#a112.4">112(4)</a>.<br> -nagkantáhan <i lang="en">sang in chorus</i> <a href= -"#a200.20">200(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kapàʾ: kumapàʾ <i lang= -"en">felt out</i> <a href="#a228.9">228(9)</a>.<br> -kumákapàʾ <i lang="en">is groping for</i> <a href= -"#a228.10">228(10)</a>.<br> -naŋapàʾ <i lang="en">caught with his hand</i> <a href= -"#a240.10">240(10)</a>.<br> -kinapàʾ <i lang="en">was groped out</i> <a href= -"#a244.21">244(21)</a>.<br> -nakàkàkapàʾ <i lang="en">has come to be -grasping</i> <a href="#a291.31">291(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kapàg <i lang="en">when</i>, <i lang="en">if</i> -<a href="#a187.12">187(12)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e89685" title= -"Not in source">.</span> <a href="#a248.31">248(31)</a>. <a href= -"#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href="#p296"><b>296</b></a>. <a href= -"#p300"><b>300</b></a>. <a href="#p304"><b>304</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kapàl: makapàl <i lang="en">thick</i> -<a href="#a86.7">86(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kapampáŋan, <i lang="en">see</i> -paŋpàŋ.</p> -<p class="par">kápit <i lang="en">that held</i>; <i lang="en">a -hold</i> <a href="#a66.29">66(29)</a>.<br> -kápit-báhay <i lang="en">neighboring house</i>, <i lang= -"en">neighbor</i> <a href="#a38.10">38(10)</a>. <a href= -"#a56.35">56(35)</a>. <a href="#a211.5">211(5)</a>.<br> -magkápit-báhay <i lang="en">pair of neighbors</i> -<a href="#a242.22">242(22)</a>.<br> -magkakápit-báhay <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a38.9">38(9)</a>.<br> -kápit-báyan <i lang="en">neighboring town</i>; <i lang= -"en">person from the next town</i> <a href="#a46.7">46(7)</a>. <a href= -"#a60.12">60(12)</a>. <a href="#a211.7">211(7)</a>.<br> -pagkápit <i lang="en">a holding on</i> <a href= -"#a295.4">295(4)</a>.<br> -nagsikápit <i lang="en">took hold</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a78.11">78(11)</a>.<br> -nakakápit <i lang="en">has taken hold</i> <a href= -"#a64.22">64(22)</a>.<br> -nàkàkápit <i lang="en">is clinging</i> <a href= -"#a78.15">78(15)</a>.<br> -pakapítin <i lang="en">be caused to take hold</i> <a href= -"#a78.2">78(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kápitan S. <i lang="en">mayor</i> <a href= -"#a98.38">98(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kapitàn S. <i lang="en">captain</i> <a href= -"#a254.34">254(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kapóte S. <i lang="en">rain-coat</i> <a href= -"#a161.20">161(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kápuwàʾ <i lang="en">fellow-</i>; -<i lang="en">equally</i> <a href="#a36.39">36(39)</a>. <a href= -"#p249"><b>249</b></a>.<br> -kápuwà tào: magkápuwà-táo -<i lang="en">two fellow-men</i> <a href="#a242.23">242(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karaniyúwan, <i lang="en">see</i> --dániw.</p> -<p class="par">káraŋ <i lang="en">covering of wagon or -boat</i> <a href="#a118.21">118(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karáyom <i lang="en">needle</i> <a href= -"#a224.1">224(1)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> bútas.</p> -<p class="par">karéra S. <i lang="en">course</i> <a href= -"#a167.27">167(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karéta S. <i lang="en">wagon</i> <a href= -"#a100.23">100(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karitòn S. <i lang="en">cart</i> <a href= -"#a38.17">38(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karnabàl S. <i lang="en">carnival</i> <a href= -"#a237.8">237(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karnè S. <i lang="en">meat</i>, <i lang= -"en">beef</i> <a href="#a114.11">114(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karsáda kalsáda S. <i lang="en">street</i> -<a href="#a201.22">201(22)</a>. <a href="#a257.26">257(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karumáta S. <i lang="en">carriage</i> <a href= -"#a52.36">52(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">karósa S. <i lang="en">float</i> <a href= -"#a234.13">234(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kasàl (S.) <i lang="en">wedding</i> <a href= -"#a219.38">219(38)</a>. <i lang="en">married</i> <a href= -"#a54.19">54(19)</a>. <a href="#a223.31">223(31)</a>.<br> -pagkakasàl <i lang="en">a uniting in marriage</i> <a href= -"#a90.34">90(34)</a>.<br> -ikinasàl <i lang="en">was united in marriage</i> <a href= -"#a94.29">94(29)</a>.<br> -mákasàl <i lang="en">get married</i> <a href= -"#a92.26">92(26)</a>.<br> -màkàkasàl <i lang="en">will get married</i> -<a href="#a295.14">295(14)</a>.<br> -pagkákasàl <i lang="en">a getting married</i> <a href= -"#a94.35">94(35)</a>.<br> -pakasàl <i lang="en">get married</i> <a href= -"#a168.16">168(16)</a>.<br> -ipakasàl <i lang="en">be caused to be united in marriage</i> -<a href="#a92.17">92(17)</a>.<br> -ipinakasàl <i lang="en">was caused to be united in marriage</i> -<a href="#a92.24">92(24)</a>.<br> -mápakasàl <i lang="en">get married</i> <a href= -"#a90.41">90(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kasalukúyan, <i lang="en">see</i> --salúkoy.</p> -<p class="par">kasapuwégo S. <i lang="en">match</i> <a href= -"#a193.7">193(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kaséra S. <i lang="en">landlady</i> <a href= -"#a302.28">302(28)</a>.<br> -naŋàŋaséra <i lang="en">eats in a -boarding-house</i> <a href="#a240.11">240(11)</a>.<br> -pàŋaserahàn <i lang="en">boarding-place</i> <a href= -"#a38.4">38(4)</a>. <a href="#a262.9">262(9)</a>.<br> -nagpàpakaséra <i lang="en">keeps a boarding-house</i> -<a href="#a303.8">303(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kastílaʾ S. <i lang="en">Spanish</i>, -<i lang="en">Spaniard</i> <a href="#a28.3">28(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">katàm <i lang="en">a plane</i> <a href= -"#a56.38">56(38)</a>.<br> -kumatàm <i lang="en">use the plane</i> <a href= -"#a58.10">58(10)</a>.<br> -màŋaŋátam <i lang="en">planer</i> <a href= -"#a56.34">56(34)</a>.<br> -pinagkatamàn <i lang="en">was variously planed off</i>; <i lang= -"en">shavings</i> <a href="#a56.40">56(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">katawàn, <i lang="en">see</i> táo.</p> -<p class="par">kathàʾ <i lang="en">that composed</i> -<a href="#a221.2">221(2)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb365" -href="#pb365" name="pb365">365</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">kátiyaw <i lang="en">fighting-cock</i> <a href= -"#a238.3">238(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kátre S. <i lang="en">bedstead</i> <a href= -"#a62.38">62(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">katuturàn, <i lang="en">see</i> --tuwìd.</p> -<p class="par">káwad <i lang="en">wire</i> <a href= -"#a284.22">284(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-káwag: ikináwag <i lang="en">was -shaken</i> <a href="#a78.14">78(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">káwal <i lang="en">herd</i>, <i lang= -"en">troop</i> <a href="#a106.26">106(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a116.6">116(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kawáleʾ <i lang="en">frying-pan</i> <a href= -"#a114.10">114(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">káwáwaʾ, <i lang="en">see</i> -áwaʾ.</p> -<p class="par">kawáyan <i lang="en">bamboo</i> <a href= -"#a34.37">34(37)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> pantày.<br> -kawayanàn kwayanàn <i lang="en">bamboo-grove</i> <a href= -"#a260.42">260(42)</a>. <a href="#a290.20">290(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">káwit <i lang="en">pruning-knife</i> <a href= -"#a240.12">240(12)</a>.<br> -maŋáwit <i lang="en">prune</i>; <i lang="en">get tired -of</i> <a href="#a240.12">240(12)</a>.<br> -naŋàŋáwit <i lang="en">is getting tired of</i> -<a href="#a104.18">104(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kay, <i lang="en">see</i> si.</p> -<p class="par">káy ké <i lang="en">than</i> <a href= -"#a16.9">16(9)</a>. <a href="#p281"><b>281</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">káya <i lang="en">ability</i>, <i lang= -"en">means</i> <a href="#a56.4">56(4)</a>. <a href= -"#a226.35">226(35)</a>. <a href="#a255.3">255(3)</a>.<br> -naŋàŋáya <i lang="en">has mastery</i> <a href= -"#a240.14">240(14)</a>.<br> -ikakáya <i lang="en">be the cause of ability</i>; <i lang= -"en">means</i> <a href="#a54.22">54(22)</a>.<br> -makàkáya <i lang="en">will come within the ability</i> -<a href="#a16.16">16(16)</a>.<br> -nakáya <i lang="en">came within the ability</i> <a href= -"#a283.29">283(29)</a>.<br> -nakàkáya <i lang="en">comes within the ability</i> -<a href="#a283.30">283(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kayàʾ <i lang="en">else</i> <a href= -"#a40.5">40(5)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">so that</i> <a href="#a48.11">48(11)</a>. <a href= -"#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p219"><b>219</b></a>. <a href= -"#p297"><b>297</b></a>. <a href="#p317.4"><b>317</b>(4)</a>. <a href= -"#p321"><b>321</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-káyas: kayàs <i lang="en">smoothed</i> -<a href="#a222.34">222(34)</a>.<br> -kumáyas <i lang="en">smoothed</i> <a href= -"#a228.11">228(11)</a>.<br> -nakáyas <i lang="en">was able to be smoothed</i> <a href= -"#a283.31">283(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kayilàʾ: ipinagkayilàʾ <i lang= -"en">was lied about</i> <a href="#a60.18">60(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">káylan kélan <i lang="en">when?</i> -<a href="#a70.18">70(18)</a>. <a href="#a92.2">92(2)</a>. <a href= -"#p39"><b>39</b></a>. <a href="#p262.7"><b>262</b>(7)</a>. <a href= -"#p262.13">(13)</a>. <a href="#p317.5"><b>317</b>(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">káyo <i lang="en">cloth</i> <a href= -"#a249.34">249(34)</a>.<br> -maŋkakayò <i lang="en">cloth-dealer</i> <a href= -"#a248.9">248(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kayò <i lang="en">you</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#p63"><b>63</b></a>. <i lang="en">See</i> iniyò.</p> -<p class="par">kibòʾ <i lang="en">least sound or -movement</i> <a href="#a44.42">44(42)</a>.<br> -kumibòʾ <i lang="en">make the least sound</i>, <i lang= -"en">budge</i> <a href="#a279.13">279(13)</a>. <i lang="en">made the -least sound</i>, <i lang="en">budged</i> <a href= -"#a44.5">44(5)</a>.<br> -pagkibòʾ <i lang="en">a making the least sound or -movement</i> <a href="#a104.25">104(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kíkaʾ (S.) <i lang="en">short-n.</i> -(<i lang="en">Francisca</i>) <a href="#a311.11">311(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kíkoʾ (S.) <i lang="en">short-n.</i> -(<i lang="en">Francisco</i>) <a href="#a50.36">50(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kilála: kilalà <i lang="en">familiar</i> -<a href="#a290.19">290(19)</a>.<br> -kumilála <i lang="en">make acknowledgement</i> <a href= -"#a90.40">90(40)</a>.<br> -kakilála <i lang="en">person with whom one is acquainted</i> -<a href="#a60.23">60(23)</a>.<br> -pagkàkilanlàn <i lang="en">be used as an -advertisement</i> <a href="#a58.18">58(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a279.28">279(28)</a>.<br> -nakàkìkilála nakàkàkilála -<i lang="en">is acquainted with</i> <a href="#a167.30">167(30)</a>. -<a href="#a276.8">276(8)</a>. <a href="#a292.28">292(28)</a>.<br> -nàkilála <i lang="en">was perceived</i>, <i lang="en">got -known</i> <a href="#a70.38">70(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a104.2">104(2)</a>.<br> -màpagkilála <i lang="en">be found out</i> <a href= -"#a40.20">40(20)</a>. <a href="#a66.38">66(38)</a>.<br> -nàpagkilála <i lang="en">was realized</i> <a href= -"#a50.32">50(32)</a>.<br> -nàpagkìkilála <i lang="en">is being recognized</i> -<a href="#a44.34">44(34)</a>. <a href="#a52.1">52(1)</a>.<br> -nagpakilála <i lang="en">caused to be known</i> <a href= -"#a168.34">168(34)</a>.<br> -nagpàpakilála <i lang="en">is causing to be known</i>, -<i lang="en">showing</i> <a href="#a44.24">44(24)</a>.<br> -pagpapakilála <i lang="en">a showing</i> <a href= -"#a52.25">52(25)</a>.<br> -ipakilála <i lang="en">be caused to be known</i> <a href= -"#a58.5">58(5)</a>.<br> -ipinakilála <i lang="en">was caused to be known</i> <a href= -"#a64.40">64(40)</a>.<br> -ipinakìkilála <i lang="en">is being shown</i> <a href= -"#a88.8">88(8)</a>.<br> -màipakilála <i lang="en">come to be shown</i> <a href= -"#a68.32">68(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kílos: pagkílos <i lang="en">a -moving</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> <a href="#a44.35">44(35)</a>. -<a href="#a66.35">66(35)</a>.<br> -kìlúsan <i lang="en">concerted movement</i> <a href= -"#a264.4">264(4)</a>.<br> -makakílos <i lang="en">be able to move</i> <a href= -"#a311.28">311(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kinà, <i lang="en">see</i> sinà.</p> -<p class="par">kinábaŋ <i lang="en">profit</i> <a href= -"#a263.39">263(39)</a>.<br> -pakikinábaŋ <i lang="en">profit</i>; <i lang="en">holy -communion</i> <a href="#a263.38">263(38)</a>.<br> -pakinábaŋ <i lang="en">advantage</i> <a href= -"#a300.3">300(3)</a>.<br> -nagpakinábaŋ <i lang="en">caused to profit</i>, <i lang= -"en">gave holy communion</i> <a href="#a98.4">98(4)</a>.<br> -pakìkinabáŋan <i lang="en">will be profited from</i> -<a href="#a94.26">94(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kinìg: kuminìg <i lang="en">trembled</i> -<a href="#a42.41">42(41)</a>. <a href="#a64.27">64(27)</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb366" href="#pb366" name= -"pb366">366</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">-kinìg: makinìg <i lang="en">hear</i> -<a href="#a20.16">20(16)</a>. <a href="#a30.17">30(17)</a>.<br> -makíkinìg <i lang="en">will hear</i> <a href= -"#a96.11">96(11)</a>.<br> -nakinìg <i lang="en">heard</i> <a href= -"#a285.30">285(30)</a>.<br> -nakíkinìg <i lang="en">is hearing</i> <a href= -"#a22.21">22(21)</a>. <a href="#a96.5">96(5)</a>.<br> -pakiŋgàn <i lang="en">be listened to</i> <a href= -"#a20.29">20(29)</a>. <a href="#a308.12">308(12)</a>.<br> -pinakiŋgàn <i lang="en">was listened to</i> <a href= -"#a50.27">50(27)</a>.<br> -nàpakiŋgàn <i lang="en">happened to be heard</i> -<a href="#a46.24">46(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kínis <i lang="en">skill</i> <a href= -"#a56.37">56(37)</a>. <a href="#a102.22">102(22)</a>.<br> -kakínis <i lang="en">what cleverness</i>, <i lang="en">how -clever?</i> <a href="#a102.14">102(14)</a>.<br> -makínis <i lang="en">smooth</i>, <i lang="en">skilful</i> -<a href="#a102.9">102(9)</a>.<br> -pinakamakínis <i lang="en">most skilful</i> <a href= -"#a102.14">102(14)</a>.<br> -makikínis <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a118.29">118(29)</a>.<br> -nakapagpàpakínis <i lang="en">is able to make smooth</i> -<a href="#a58.14">58(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kintàb: nagpápakintàb <i lang= -"en">is causing to shine</i>, <i lang="en">polishing</i> <a href= -"#a114.8">114(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kiŋg, <i lang="en">see</i> kinìg.</p> -<p class="par">-kísig: makísig <i lang="en">lively</i> -<a href="#a78.23">78(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kíta: kumíta <i lang="en">find</i>, -<i lang="en">earn</i> <a href="#a30.33">30(33)</a>.<br> -kumìkíta <i lang="en">is finding</i> <a href= -"#a30.37">30(37)</a>.<br> -pagkíta <i lang="en">an earning</i> <a href= -"#a60.37">60(37)</a>.<br> -magkíta <i lang="en">see each other (two actors)</i> <a href= -"#a234.10">234(10)</a>.<br> -magkikíta <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a28.1">28(1)</a>. -<a href="#a239.5">239(5)</a>.<br> -nagkíta <i lang="en">saw each other</i> <a href= -"#a203.40">203(40)</a>.<br> -kinakitáan <i lang="en">was the place of seeing</i>, <i lang= -"en">was seen in</i> <a href="#a36.32">36(32)</a>.<br> -makàkíta <i lang="en">happen to see</i>, <i lang= -"en">find</i> <a href="#a30.26">30(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a66.6">66(6)</a>.<br> -makàkìkíta <i lang="en">will happen to see</i> -<a href="#a30.36">30(36)</a>.<br> -nakàkíta <i lang="en">happened to see</i> <a href= -"#a16.2">16(2)</a>. <a href="#a40.27">40(27)</a>.<br> -nakàkàkíta <i lang="en">happens to see</i> -<a href="#a292.31">292(31)</a>.<br> -màkíta get <i lang="en">seen</i> <a href= -"#a30.25">30(25)</a>. <a href="#a32.38">32(38)</a>.<br> -màkìkíta <i lang="en">will be seen</i> <a href= -"#a22.37">22(37)</a>.<br> -nàkíta <i lang="en">got seen</i> <a href= -"#a20.24">20(24)</a>. <a href="#a32.31">32(31)</a>.<br> -nàkìkíta <i lang="en">is getting seen</i> <a href= -"#a20.21">20(21)</a>. <a href="#a26.4">26(4)</a>.<br> -pagkàkíta <i lang="en">a chance seeing</i> <a href= -"#a38.18">38(18)</a>. <a href="#a80.12">80(12)</a>. <a href= -"#a292.35">292(35)</a>.<br> -kàpakitáan <i lang="en">one of two who show each -other</i> <a href="#a310.36">310(36)</a>.<br> -nagpàpakíta <i lang="en">causes to be seen</i>, <i lang= -"en">shows</i> <a href="#a48.14">48(14)</a>.<br> -ipakíta <i lang="en">be shown</i> <a href="#a48.33">48(33)</a>. -<a href="#a306.21">306(21)</a>.<br> -ipinakíta <i lang="en">was caused to be seen</i>, <i lang= -"en">was shown</i> <a href="#a30.38">30(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a34.18">34(18)</a>.<br> -màipakíta <i lang="en">come to be shown</i> <a href= -"#a28.15">28(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kità <i lang="en">thou and I</i>; <i lang= -"en">thou by me</i> <a href="#a16.19">16(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a18.21">18(21)</a>. <a href="#p63"><b>63</b></a>. <a href= -"#p182"><b>182</b></a>.<br> -nità <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">by</i>, <i lang= -"en">of thee and me</i> <a href="#p163"><b>163</b></a>.<br> -kanità <i lang="en">prep. and loc.</i>, <i lang="en">thy and -my</i>, <i lang="en">thee and me</i>, <i lang="en">by thee and me</i> -<a href="#a227.17">227(17)</a>. <a href="#p165"><b>165</b></a>. -<a href="#p169"><b>169</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">kitèʾ <i lang="en">chicken</i> <a href= -"#a238.9">238(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kláse S. <i lang="en">class</i>, <i lang= -"en">school</i> <a href="#a26.36">26(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kristàl S. <i lang="en">glass</i> <a href= -"#a255.21">255(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kristiyáno (<i lang="en">Chinese brogue</i>: -kilistiyáno) S. <i lang="en">Christian</i> <a href= -"#a58.39">58(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Krísto S. <i lang="en">Christ</i> <a href= -"#a20.4">20(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">krùs S. <i lang="en">cross</i>; <i lang="en">also -as family-n.</i> <a href="#a20.24">20(24)</a>. <a href= -"#a242.20">242(20)</a>.<br> -nagkurùs <i lang="en">crossed himself</i> <a href= -"#a64.29">64(29)</a>.<br> -nagkúkurùs <i lang="en">is crossing himself</i> <a href= -"#a64.5">64(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kò <i lang="en">disj.</i> <i lang="en">of</i> -akò: <i lang="en">of me</i>, <i lang="en">by me</i> <a href= -"#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p163"><b>163</b></a>. <a href= -"#p182"><b>182</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúbaʾ <i lang="en">hump</i>; <i lang= -"en">hunchback</i> <a href="#a22.29">22(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kublì: nagkublì <i lang="en">concealed -himself</i> <a href="#a94.5">94(5)</a>.<br> -nagkúkublì <i lang="en">is hiding</i> (<i lang= -"en">intr.</i>) <a href="#a232.23">232(23)</a>.<br> -pagkukublì <i lang="en">a hiding</i> <a href= -"#a186.14">186(14)</a>.<br> -naŋúŋublì <i lang="en">is staying concealed</i> -<a href="#a108.20">108(20)</a>. <a href="#a240.16">240(16)</a>.<br> -paŋúŋublì <i lang="en">a staying concealed</i> -<a href="#a272.14">272(14)</a>.<br> -pinagkùkublihàn <i lang="en">is being hidden in</i> -<a href="#a94.8">94(8)</a>.<br> -kublíhan <i lang="en">hiding-place</i> <a href= -"#a36.33">36(33)</a>.<br> -nàkùkublì <i lang="en">is in hiding</i> <a href= -"#a108.33">108(33)</a>.<br> -pagkákublì <i lang="en">a being in hiding</i> <a href= -"#a108.23">108(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúbo <i lang="en">hut</i> <a href= -"#a118.27">118(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúgon <i lang="en">nipa</i>, <i lang= -"la">Imperata arundinacea</i> <a href="#a118.27">118(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kúha: kumúha <i lang="en">took</i> -<a href="#a50.38">50(38)</a>.<br> -kumùkúha <i lang="en">is taking</i> <a href= -"#a112.7">112(7)</a>.<br> -kúnin <i lang="en">be taken</i> <a href= -"#a202.10">202(10)</a>.<br> -kinúha <i lang="en">was taken</i> <a href="#a30.7">30(7)</a>. -<a href="#a84.25">84(25)</a>.<br> -kinùkúha <i lang="en">is being taken</i> <a href= -"#a74.26">74(26)</a>.<br> -pinagkúkuhà <i lang="en">is being variously taken</i> -<a href="#a74.7">74(7)</a>.<br> -pagkúnan <i lang="en">be taken from</i> <a href= -"#a255.35">255(35)</a>.<br> -pagkùkúnan <i lang="en">will be taken from</i> <a href= -"#a222.35">222(35)</a>.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb367" href= -"#pb367" name="pb367">367</a>]</span><br> -pinagkúnan <i lang="en">was taken from</i> <a href= -"#a255.31">255(31)</a>.<br> -pinagkùkúnan <i lang="en">is being taken from</i> -<a href="#a255.33">255(33)</a>.<br> -ikinakúha <i lang="en">was the cause of taking</i> <a href= -"#a272.11">272(11)</a>.<br> -makakùkúha <i lang="en">will be able to take</i> <a href= -"#a56.40">56(40)</a>.<br> -nakakúha <i lang="en">has taken</i> <a href= -"#a90.24">90(24)</a>.<br> -nakakùkúha <i lang="en">succeeds in taking</i> <a href= -"#a54.4">54(4)</a>.<br> -pagkakúha <i lang="en">a completed taking</i> <a href= -"#a52.36">52(36)</a>.<br> -màkúha <i lang="en">get taken</i> <a href= -"#a34.9">34(9)</a>.<br> -nàkúha <i lang="en">chanced to be taken</i> <a href= -"#a58.11">58(11)</a>. <a href="#a267.7">267(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kukò <i lang="en">fingernail</i> <a href= -"#a234.23">234(23)</a>.<br> -maŋhinukò <i lang="en">cut the fingernails</i> <a href= -"#a241.24">241(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúlam <i lang="en">magic principle</i> <a href= -"#a40.11">40(11)</a>.<br> -maŋkukúlam <i lang="en">sorcerer</i> <a href= -"#a40.1">40(1)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> médiko.<br> -kinúlam <i lang="en">was bewitched</i> <a href= -"#a42.29">42(29)</a>.<br> -kinùkúlam <i lang="en">is being bewitched</i> <a href= -"#a40.41">40(41)</a>.<br> -nàkùkúlam <i lang="en">is bewitched</i> <a href= -"#a42.6">42(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúlaŋ <i lang="en">lack</i> <a href= -"#a201.10">201(10)</a>.<br> -kulàŋ <i lang="en">made incomplete</i> <a href= -"#a222.35">222(35)</a>.<br> -nagkùkúlaŋ <i lang="en">is at fault</i> <a href= -"#a96.40">96(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kulápol: nàkùkulapúlan -<i lang="en">is encrusted</i> <a href="#a110.35">110(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kulàs (S.) <i lang="en">n.</i> (<i lang="en">for -Nicolás</i>) <a href="#a258.28">258(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Kulása (S.) <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a287.23">287(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúlay <i lang="en">color</i> <a href= -"#a171.21">171(21)</a>.<br> -kakúlay <i lang="en">of the same color</i> <a href= -"#a266.10">266(10)</a>.<br> -kasiŋkúlay <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a314.37">314(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kulilìŋ <i lang="en">small bell</i> <a href= -"#a225.22">225(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kólera S. <i lang="en">cholera</i> <a href= -"#a42.3">42(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kulòʾ: kumúkulòʾ -<i lang="en">is boiling</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> <a href= -"#a74.24">74(24)</a>.<br> -nagpakulòʾ <i lang="en">caused to boil</i> <a href= -"#a96.20">96(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kulòg <i lang="en">thunder</i> <a href= -"#a254.36">254(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kulugò <i lang="en">wart</i> <a href= -"#a228.30">228(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kulòŋ: kùlúŋan <i lang= -"en">place of imprisonment</i> <a href="#a86.4">86(4)</a>.<br> -kuluŋàn <i lang="en">cage</i>, <i lang="en">crate</i> -<a href="#a238.41">238(41)</a>.<br> -kinàkùkuluŋàn <i lang="en">is the place of -accidental imprisonment</i> <a href="#a86.5">86(5)</a>.<br> -nàkùkulòŋ <i lang="en">is imprisoned</i> -<a href="#a84.42">84(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kumbidà (S<span class="corr" id="xd21e91870" -title="Not in source">.</span>): kinumbidà <i lang="en">was -summoned</i> <a href="#a20.19">20(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kompaniyà S. <i lang="en">company</i> <a href= -"#a221.20">221(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kumpisàl (S.) magkumpisàl <i lang="en">go -to confession</i> <a href="#a98.22">98(22)</a>.<br> -pagkukumpisàl <i lang="en">a going to confession</i> <a href= -"#a98.12">98(12)</a>.<br> -naŋumpisàl <i lang="en">practised going to confession</i> -<a href="#a98.28">98(28)</a>.<br> -naŋúŋumpisàl <i lang="en">goes to -confession</i> <a href="#a56.13">56(13)</a>.<br> -kinúkumpisàl <i lang="en">is being given confession</i> -<a href="#a98.7">98(7)</a>.<br> -kumpìsálan <i lang="en">confession</i> <a href= -"#a98.24">98(24)</a>.<br> -mapagkumpisàl <i lang="en">given to going to confession</i> -<a href="#a98.11">98(11)</a>.<br> -nagpápakumpisàl <i lang="en">gives confession</i> -<a href="#a98.3">98(3)</a>.<br> -pagpapakumpisàl <i lang="en">a giving confession</i> <a href= -"#a98.5">98(5)</a>.<br> -pàkumpisálan <i lang="en">confessional</i> <a href= -"#a96.37">96(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kumpòl <i lang="en">cluster</i> <a href= -"#a281.35">281(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kumpusisiyòn S. <i lang="en">composition</i> -<a href="#a90.15">90(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kumustà S. <i lang="es">como está?</i> -<a href="#a230.39">230(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúmot <i lang="en">blanket</i>, <i lang= -"en">sheet</i> <a href="#a36.39">36(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kun, <i lang="en">see</i>—kúha.</p> -<p class="par">kuŋ <i lang="en">when</i>, <i lang="en">if</i>, -<i lang="en">whether</i> <a href="#a16.6">16(6)</a><span class="corr" -id="xd21e92024" title="Not in source">.</span> <a href= -"#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <b>298–301.</b></p> -<p class="par">koŋkristiyános S., <i lang="en">see</i> -kapatìd.</p> -<p class="par">kópiya S. <i lang="en">copy</i> <a href= -"#a52.10">52(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúra S. <i lang="en">priest</i> <a href= -"#a50.3">50(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kuràl S. <i lang="en">corral</i> <a href= -"#a268.42">268(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">korbáta S. <i lang="en">necktie</i> <a href= -"#a163.36">163(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kurípot <i lang="en">stingy</i> <a href= -"#a112.16">112(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">koréyo S. <i lang="en">mail</i> <a href= -"#a168.19">168(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kúroʾ: pinagkùkúroʾ -<i lang="en">is being considered</i> <a href="#a82.24">82(24)</a>.<br> -mapagkúroʾ <i lang="en">be able to be divined</i> <a href= -"#a287.10">287(10)</a>.<br> -napagkùkúroʾ <i lang="en">is able to be divined</i> -<a href="#a52.19">52(19)</a>.<br> -màpagkúroʾ <i lang="en">get figured out</i> <a href= -"#a20.18">20(18)</a>.<br> -màpàpagkúroʾ <i lang="en">will get figured -out</i> <a href="#a182.20">182(20)</a>.<br> -nàpagkúroʾ <i lang="en">got figured out</i> <a href= -"#a297.13">297(13)</a>.<br> -nàpàpagkúroʾ <i lang="en">is divined</i>, -<i lang="en">is understood</i> <a href="#a297.15">297(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">koróna S. <i lang="en">crown</i> <a href= -"#a26.24">26(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kurùs, <i lang="en">see</i> krùs -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb368" href="#pb368" name= -"pb368">368</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">-kuròt: kumuròt <i lang="en">pinch</i> -<a href="#a228.13">228(13)</a>.<br> -maŋuròt <i lang="en">pinch people</i> <a href= -"#a240.16">240(16)</a>.<br> -kurutìn <i lang="en">be pinched</i> <a href= -"#a244.24">244(24)</a>.<br> -kurutàn <i lang="en">be pinched from</i> <a href= -"#a251.43">251(43)</a>.<br> -kùrútan <i lang="en">a pinching by many</i> <a href= -"#a257.35">257(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúsaʾ <i lang="en">of its own accord</i> -<a href="#a225.20">225(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kusínaʾ S. <i lang="en">kitchen</i> <a href= -"#a114.9">114(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kosinéro S. <i lang="en">cook</i> <a href= -"#a114.1">114(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kutìŋ <i lang="en">kitten</i> <a href= -"#a255.37">255(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kutsíliyo S. <i lang="en">table-knife</i> -<a href="#a114.9">114(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kutséro S. <i lang="en">driver</i> <a href= -"#a272.2">272(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúto <i lang="en">head-louse</i> <a href= -"#a225.16">225(16)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> pamatày.<br> -kutuhàn <i lang="en">lousy person</i> <a href= -"#a260.10">260(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kuwáko <i lang="en">cigar-holder</i> <a href= -"#a220.34">220(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kuwaltà kuwàlta kuwàrta (S.) -<i lang="en">money</i> <a href="#a30.33">30(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a141.27">141(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kuwàrto S. <i lang="en">room</i> <a href= -"#a84.23">84(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-kuwayan, <i lang="en">see</i> kawáyan.</p> -<p class="par">-kuwènta S.: pagkuwènta <i lang="en">a -counting</i> <a href="#a223.6">223(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kuwènto S. <i lang="en">story</i> <a href= -"#a66.3">66(3)</a>.<br> -pagkukuwènto <i lang="en">a story-telling</i> <a href= -"#a286.5">286(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">kúya kúyaŋ (C.) <i lang="en">oldest -brother</i> <a href="#a46.22">46(22)</a>. <a href= -"#a118.15">118(15)</a>. <a href="#p59"><b>59</b></a>. <a href= -"#p254"><b>254</b></a>.<br> -magkúya <i lang="en">oldest brother with brother or sister</i> -<a href="#a242.14">242(14)</a>.<br> -magkukúya <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a242.30">242(30)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e92371" class="main">L</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">laàn <i lang="en">that reserved</i> -<a href="#a221.3">221(3)</a>.<br> -inilálaàn <i lang="en">is being reserved</i> <a href= -"#a248.22">248(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-labà S. ipaglálabà <i lang= -"en">will be washed for</i> <a href="#a174.40">174(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lában <i lang="en">against</i> <a href= -"#a22.15">22(15)</a>. <a href="#p282"><b>282</b></a>.<br> -lumában <i lang="en">complete</i> <a href= -"#a60.40">60(40)</a>.<br> -labánan <i lang="en">be opposed</i> <a href= -"#a60.36">60(36)</a>.<br> -labanàn <i lang="en">war</i> <a href="#a251.1">251(1)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipaglabanàn <i lang="en">are fighting each -other</i> <a href="#a122.15">122(15)</a>.<br> -paglalabanàn <i lang="en">a fighting</i>, <i lang="en">war</i>, -<i lang="en">battle</i> <a href="#a116.27">116(27)</a>.<br> -makipaglában <i lang="en">engage in a contest</i> <a href= -"#a48.23">48(23)</a>.<br> -pakikipaglában <i lang="en">an engaging in a contest</i> -<a href="#a116.29">116(29)</a>.<br> -kalában <i lang="en">opponent</i> <a href= -"#a266.11">266(11)</a>.<br> -kinàkalában <i lang="en">is being opposed</i> <a href= -"#a60.38">60(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">labanòs (S.) <i lang="en">large radish</i> -<a href="#a252.21">252(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">labàŋ <i lang="en">trough</i> <a href= -"#a289.3">289(3)</a>.<br> -labaŋàn <i lang="en">manger</i> <a href= -"#a260.25">260(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">labàs <i lang="en">the outside</i> <a href= -"#a52.38">52(38)</a>.<br> -lumabàs <i lang="en">went out</i> <a href= -"#a52.34">52(34)</a>.<br> -lumálabàs <i lang="en">is going out</i> <a href= -"#a74.1">74(1)</a>.<br> -paglabàs <i lang="en">a going out</i> <a href= -"#a245.3">245(3)</a>.<br> -maglabàs <i lang="en">bring out</i> <a href= -"#a234.11">234(11)</a>.<br> -ilabàs <i lang="en">be brought out</i> <a href= -"#a270.32">270(32)</a>.<br> -nilàlabasàn <i lang="en">is being come out at</i> -<a href="#a42.14">42(14)</a>.<br> -naglàlàbásan <i lang="en">are going out -together</i> <a href="#a236.16">236(16)</a>.<br> -máilabàs <i lang="en">get taken out</i> <a href= -"#a110.4">110(4)</a>.<br> -palabàs <i lang="en">theatrical performance</i> <a href= -"#a300.4">300(4)</a>.<br> -papalabàs <i lang="en">going out</i> <a href= -"#a96.30">96(30)</a>.<br> -nagpápalabàs <i lang="en">is bringing out</i>, <i lang= -"en">presenting</i> <a href="#a303.9">303(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">labì <i lang="en">added to ten</i>, <i lang= -"en">-teen</i> <a href="#a58.12">58(12)</a>. <a href= -"#p135"><b>135</b></a>.<br> -labi ŋ isà: paŋlabì-ŋ-isà <i lang= -"en">number eleven</i> <a href="#a225.40">225(40)</a>.<br> -ika-labì-ŋ-isà <i lang="en">eleventh</i> <a href= -"#a273.24">273(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lábis <i lang="en">excessive</i> <a href= -"#a172.40">172(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">labòŋ <i lang="en">bamboo-sprout</i> -<a href="#a172.25">172(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ladlàd: iniladlàd <i lang="en">was -dropped</i> <a href="#a104.36">104(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lagablàb <i lang="en">blaze</i> <a href= -"#a231.6">231(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lagánap: lumagánap <i lang= -"en">circulated</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> <a href= -"#a34.29">34(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lagáriʾ <i lang="en">a saw</i> <a href= -"#a187.13">187(13)</a>.<br> -maŋlalagarìʾ <i lang="en">food-sawer</i> <a href= -"#a243.17">243(17)</a>.<br> -mapaglagarían <i lang="en">be able to be sawed on</i> <a href= -"#a288.24">288(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lagày <i lang="en">situation</i>, <i lang= -"en">condition</i> <a href="#a46.8">46(8)</a>. <a href= -"#a90.35">90(35)</a>.<br> -ilagày <i lang="en">be placed</i> <a href= -"#a108.12">108(12)</a>.<br> -inilagày <i lang="en">was placed</i> <a href= -"#a220.17">220(17)</a>.<br> -inilálagày <a href="#a108.42">108(42)</a>.<br> -nilagyàn <i lang="en">was put onto</i>, <i lang="en">was -covered</i> <a href="#a30.11">30(11)</a>. <a href= -"#a261.30">261(30)</a>.<br> -nilàlagyàn <i lang="en">is being put into</i>, <i lang= -"en">is being filled</i> <a href="#a108.39">108(39)</a>.<br> -làgáyan <i lang="en">place where things are put</i> -<a href="#a193.36">193(36)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb369" -href="#pb369" name="pb369">369</a>]</span>258(38).<br> -lalagyàn <i lang="en">receptacle</i> <a href= -"#a96.25">96(25)</a>. <a href="#a261.22">261(22)</a>.<br> -pagkakálagày <i lang="en">a placing</i>, <i lang= -"en">position</i> <a href="#a270.40">270(40)</a>.<br> -kinàlàlagyàn <i lang="en">is the place of -putting</i> <a href="#a38.32">38(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a88.5">88(5)</a>.<br> -kalàgáyan <i lang="en">position</i>, <i lang= -"en">state</i> <a href="#a34.34">34(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a176.35">176(35)</a>.<br> -málagày <i lang="en">get placed</i> <a href= -"#a294.26">294(26)</a>.<br> -pagkálagày <i lang="en">chance placing</i>, <i lang= -"en">position</i> <a href="#a100.20">100(20)</a>.<br> -nagpalagày <i lang="en">caused to be placed</i> <a href= -"#a24.39">24(39)</a>.<br> -mápalagày <i lang="en">chance to stay in a position</i> -<a href="#a22.14">22(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lágiʾ <i lang="en">frequently</i> <a href= -"#a60.27">60(27)</a>. <a href="#a62.15">62(15)</a>.<br> -palágiʾ <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a62.10">62(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lagkìt: malagkìt <i lang="en">sticky</i> -<a href="#a221.26">221(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">laglàg <i lang="en">that falling</i> <a href= -"#a247.3">247(3)</a>. <a href="#a257.31">257(31)</a>.<br> -ilálaglàg <i lang="en">will be dropped</i> <a href= -"#a24.3">24(3)</a>.<br> -inilaglàg <i lang="en">was dropped</i> <a href= -"#a32.24">32(24)</a>.<br> -nalaglàg <i lang="en">fell down</i> <a href= -"#a257.28">257(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lagnàt <i lang="en">fever</i> <a href= -"#a94.30">94(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lagpàk <i lang="en">a falling down</i> <a href= -"#a58.35">58(35)</a>.<br> -lumagpàk <i lang="en">come down on</i>, <i lang="en">land</i> -<a href="#a46.38">46(38)</a>. <i lang="en">came down</i> <a href= -"#a299.32">299(32)</a>.<br> -lálagpàk <i lang="en">will fall down on</i> <a href= -"#a244.39">244(39)</a>.<br> -paglagpàk <i lang="en">a falling down onto</i> <a href= -"#a48.22">48(22)</a>.<br> -nàpàpalagpàk <i lang="en">is falling down onto</i> -<a href="#a108.19">108(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lagòʾ: malagòʾ <i lang= -"en">dense</i> <a href="#a24.31">24(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lagòk: pagkalagòk <i lang="en">a having -swallowed</i> <a href="#a30.20">30(20)</a>.<br> -pagkálagòk <i lang="en">a chance swallowing</i> <a href= -"#a291.9">291(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lagòt: malagòt <i lang="en">break -off</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> <a href="#a40.28">40(28)</a>.<br> -nalagòt <i lang="en">broke off</i> <a href= -"#a261.27">261(27)</a>.<br> -pagkalagòt <i lang="en">a breaking off</i> <a href= -"#a112.31">112(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lahàt <i lang="en">all</i> <a href= -"#a26.12">26(12)</a>. <a href="#p66"><b>66</b></a>. <a href= -"#p132"><b>132</b></a>. <a href="#p145"><b>145</b></a>. 174.<br> -lahàt-lahàt <i lang="en">all the various things</i> -<a href="#a74.35">74(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">láhiʾ <i lang="en">family</i>, <i lang= -"en">race</i> <a href="#a275.29">275(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lákad <i lang="en">a going</i>, <i lang="en">an -errand</i> <a href="#a221.4">221(4)</a>.<br> -lakàd <i lang="en">on foot</i> <a href= -"#a223.17">223(17)</a>.<br> -lumákad <i lang="en">go</i>, <i lang="en">walk</i> <a href= -"#a18.7">18(7)</a>. <i lang="en">went</i> <a href= -"#a283.1">283(1)</a>.<br> -lumàlákad <i lang="en">is walking</i> 115(15).<br> -paglákad <i lang="en">a going</i> <a href= -"#a66.18">66(18)</a>.<br> -naglákad <i lang="en">drew on foot</i> <a href= -"#a234.13">234(13)</a>.<br> -paglalákad <i lang="en">a drawing on foot</i> <a href= -"#a234.12">234(12)</a>.<br> -maglakàd <i lang="en">walk about</i> <a href= -"#a122.7">122(7)</a>.<br> -naglálakàd <i lang="en">is walking about</i>, <i lang= -"en">journeying</i> <a href="#a22.31">22(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a66.9">66(9)</a>.<br> -nagsísipaglakàd <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a58.40">58(40)</a>.<br> -paglalakàd <i lang="en">a walking</i>, <i lang= -"en">journeying</i> <a href="#a66.15">66(15)</a>. <a href= -"#a84.4">84(4)</a>.<br> -maglalakàd <i lang="en">traveler</i> <a href= -"#a242.43">242(43)</a>.<br> -lakárin <i lang="en">be traveled over</i> <a href= -"#a118.26">118(26)</a>.<br> -nilákad <i lang="en">was walked over</i> <a href= -"#a244.24">244(24)</a>.<br> -lakáran <i lang="en">be gone to</i>, <i lang="en">be gone on</i> -<a href="#a70.6">70(6)</a>. <a href="#a252.4">252(4)</a>.<br> -nilakáran <i lang="en">was travelled on</i> <a href= -"#a32.19">32(19)</a>.<br> -nilàlakáran <i lang="en">is being walked on</i> <a href= -"#a22.33">22(33)</a>.<br> -lakaràn <i lang="en">walking-party</i> <a href= -"#a260.13">260(13)</a>.<br> -makalàlákad <i lang="en">will be able to walk</i> -<a href="#a104.31">104(31)</a>.<br> -nakalàlákad <i lang="en">is able to walk</i> <a href= -"#a34.8">34(8)</a>.<br> -nalákad <i lang="en">was able to be walked over</i> <a href= -"#a283.33">283(33)</a>.<br> -nàlákad <i lang="en">chanced to walk</i> <a href= -"#a177.17">177(17)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e93317" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -palákad <i lang="en">course</i> <a href="#a50.6">50(6)</a>.<br> -pagpapalákad <i lang="en">a causing to go</i> <a href= -"#a288.9">288(9)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e93336" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -pinalákad <i lang="en">was caused to walk</i> <a href= -"#a68.41">68(41)</a>.<br> -ipalákad <i lang="en">be caused to go</i> <a href= -"#a118.19">118(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lakàs <i lang="en">force</i> <a href= -"#a44.6">44(6)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> úbos.<br> -lumakàs <i lang="en">grew strong</i> <a href= -"#a76.39">76(39)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e93375" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -inilakàs <i lang="en">was made louder</i> <a href= -"#a42.41">42(41)</a>.<br> -lakasàn <i lang="en">be done with strength</i> <a href= -"#a252.5">252(5)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e93394" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -kalakasàn <i lang="en">strength</i>, <i lang="en">loudness</i> -<a href="#a182.23">182(23)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e93408" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -malakàs <i lang="en">strong</i>, <i lang="en">loud</i> <a href= -"#a18.23">18(23)</a>. <a href="#p269.6"><b>269</b>(6)</a>.<br> -pinakamalakàs <i lang="en">strongest</i> <a href= -"#a309.41">309(41)</a>.<br> -malalakàs <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a18.15">18(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lakì <i lang="en">size</i> <a href= -"#a66.12">66(12)</a>.<br> -lumakì <i lang="en">grew larger</i> <a href= -"#a56.9">56(9)</a>.<br> -nagsilakì <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a90.5">90(5)</a>.<br> -paglakì <i lang="en">a growing larger</i> <a href= -"#a300.17">300(17)</a>.<br> -lakhàn <i lang="en">be made big</i> <a href= -"#a252.6">252(6)</a>.<br> -kalakhàn <i lang="en">greatness</i>, <i lang="en">most</i> -<a href="#a44.29">44(29)</a>. <a href="#a60.39">60(39)</a>.<br> -malakì <i lang="en">large</i> <a href="#a18.18">18(18)</a>. -<a href="#p69"><b>69</b></a>. <a href="#p99"><b>99</b></a>. <a href= -"#p110"><b>110</b></a>. <a href="#p138"><b>138</b></a>.<br> -malalakì <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a34.38">34(38)</a>.<br> -ikàpagpàpalakì <i lang="en">will be the means of -causing to grow larger</i> <a href="#a310.22">310(22)</a>.<br> -kasiŋlakì <i lang="en">of the same size</i> <a href= -"#a314.39">314(39)</a>.<br> -magkakasiŋlakì <i lang="en">several of the same size</i> -<a href="#a120.3">120(3)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb370" -href="#pb370" name="pb370">370</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">lákip: kalákip <i lang="en">having the -same cover</i>, <i lang="en">enclosed with</i> <a href= -"#a173.28">173(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">laksàʾ <i lang="en">million</i> <a href= -"#p134"><b>134</b></a>. <i lang="en">See</i> isà.</p> -<p class="par">-lákoʾ: maglákoʾ <i lang= -"en">peddle</i> <a href="#a232.23">232(23)</a>.<br> -maglalakòʾ <i lang="en">peddler</i> <a href= -"#a226.23">226(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lála: nilála <i lang="en">was woven</i> -<a href="#a46.40">46(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lalàʾ: inilalàʾ <i lang= -"en">was the cause of getting worse</i> <a href= -"#a291.17">291(17)</a>.<br> -palalàʾ <i lang="en">getting worse</i> <a href= -"#a92.10">92(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">laláki <i lang="en">man</i>, <i lang= -"en">male</i> <a href="#a30.31">30(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lálim <i lang="en">depth</i> <a href= -"#a218.27">218(27)</a>.<br> -ilálim <i lang="en">under side</i> <a href= -"#a20.28">20(28)</a>.<br> -nilalíman <i lang="en">was done deeply</i> <a href= -"#a252.7">252(7)</a>.<br> -malálim <i lang="en">deep</i> <a href="#a18.39">18(39)</a>.<br> -pakalalímin <i lang="en">be made too deep</i> <a href= -"#a309.33">309(33)</a>.<br> -pakalàlalímin <i lang="en">will be made too deep</i> -<a href="#a309.34">309(34)</a>.<br> -pinakalálim <i lang="en">was made too deep</i> <a href= -"#a309.35">309(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">láloʾ <i lang="en">more</i> <a href= -"#a24.27">24(27)</a>. <a href="#p147"><b>147</b></a>. <a href= -"#p242"><b>242</b></a>.<br> -nilalúan <i lang="en">was exaggerated</i> <a href= -"#a98.5">98</a><a id="xd21e93721" name="xd21e93721"></a>(5).</p> -<p class="par">-lam, <i lang="en">see</i> -álam.</p> -<p class="par">lamàn <i lang="en">flesh</i>, <i lang= -"en">muscle</i>, <i lang="en">contents</i> <a href= -"#a18.15">18(15)</a>. <a href="#a48.1">48(1)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> -piráso.</p> -<p class="par">lámaŋ <i lang="en">only</i> <a href= -"#a28.33">28(33)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p220"><b>220</b></a>. <a href="#p227"><b>227</b></a>. <a href= -"#p243"><b>243</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">lámat <i lang="en">crack</i> <a href= -"#a300.17">300(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lambòt: malambòt <i lang="en">soft</i> -<a href="#a163.14">163(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lamìg <i lang="en">cold</i> <a href= -"#a118.31">118(31)</a>.<br> -lumamìg <i lang="en">became cold</i> <a href= -"#a296.39">296(39)</a>.<br> -lálamìg <i lang="en">will become cold</i> <a href= -"#a183.16">183(16)</a>.<br> -kalalamìg <i lang="en">what coldness</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a268.1">268(1)</a>.<br> -kalamigàn <i lang="en">coldness</i> <a href= -"#a272.36">272(36)</a>.<br> -malalamìg <i lang="en">cold</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a219.32">219(32)</a>.<br> -taglamìg <i lang="en">cold weather</i> <a href= -"#a315.30">315(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lamésa S. <i lang="en">table</i> <a href= -"#a114.9">114(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lampàs: lumálampàs <i lang="en">is -getting excessive</i> <a href="#a54.27">54(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lamòg <i lang="en">bruised</i> <a href= -"#a62.28">62(28)</a>.<br> -naglálamòg <i lang="en">is getting bruised</i> <a href= -"#a62.15">62(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lamòk <i lang="en">gnat</i> <a href= -"#a303.9">303(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lámon<span class="corr" id="xd21e93899" title= -"Source: -">:</span> lumàlámon <i lang="en">is -feeding</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> <a href="#a228.14">228(14)</a>.<br> -nagsìsilámon <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a262.21">262(21)</a>.<br> -lalumúnan <i lang="en">throat</i> <a href= -"#a88.28">88(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">landàs <i lang="en">path</i> <a href= -"#a252.3">252(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lansónes S. <i lang="en">fruit of <span lang= -"la">Lansium domesticum</span> Jack.</i> <a href= -"#a306.32">306(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lantà <i lang="en">withered</i> <a href= -"#a76.36">76(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">laŋgàm <i lang="en">ant</i> <a href= -"#a202.20">202(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">laŋìs <i lang="en">oil</i> <a href= -"#a74.24">74(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">láŋit <i lang="en">sky</i>, <i lang= -"en">heaven</i> <a href="#a22.2">22(2)</a>.<br> -kalaŋitàn <i lang="en">heavenly regions</i> <a href= -"#a104.24">104(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-laŋòy: lumaŋòy <i lang= -"en">swim</i> <a href="#a28.21">28(21)</a>. <i lang="en">swam</i> -<a href="#a82.33">82(33)</a>.<br> -làŋúyan <i lang="en">swimming-place</i> <a href= -"#a258.40">258(40)</a>.<br> -makipaglàŋúyan <i lang="en">go along swimming</i> -<a href="#a264.28">264(28)</a>.<br> -makìkipaglàŋúyan <i lang="en">will join the -swimming party</i> <a href="#a264.30">264(30)</a>.<br> -pàlaŋúyan <i lang="en">place where something is -allowed to swim</i> <a href="#a309.8">309(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lápad: lapàd <i lang="en">widened</i> -<a href="#a306.8">306(8)</a>.<br> -kalapáran <i lang="en">wideness</i> <a href= -"#a70.40">70(40)</a>.<br> -malápad <i lang="en">wide</i> <a href="#a92.35">92(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lapàg: inilapàg <i lang="en">was placed -on the ground</i> <a href="#a106.16">106(16)</a>.<br> -inilálapàg <i lang="en">is being placed on the ground</i> -<a href="#a36.41">36(41)</a>.<br> -nàlàlapàg <i lang="en">is lying on the ground</i> -<a href="#a114.43">114(43)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lápis S. <i lang="en">pencil</i> <a href= -"#a223.8">223(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lápit (a) lumápit <i lang="en">came -near</i> <a href="#a26.19">26(19)</a>.<br> -lumàlápit <i lang="en">is coming near</i> <a href= -"#a64.19">64(19)</a>.<br> -paglápit <i lang="en">a coming near</i> <a href= -"#a66.25">66(25)</a>.<br> -nilapítan <i lang="en">was approached</i> <a href= -"#a24.22">24(22)</a>.<br> -malápit <i lang="en">near</i> <a href="#a44.27">44(27)</a>.<br> -malalápit <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a110.18">110(18)</a>.<br> -—(<span class="corr" id="xd21e94151" title="Source: 6">b</span>) -<i lang="en">With accent-shift</i>: málapìt <i lang= -"en">get near</i> <a href="#a100.27">100(27)</a>.<br> -màlàlapìt <i lang="en">will be near</i> <a href= -"#a120.7">120(7)</a>.<br> -nálapìt <i lang="en">got near</i> <a href= -"#a98.40">98(40)</a>.<br> -pagkálapìt <i lang="en">a having got near</i> <a href= -"#a46.28">46(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">laráwan <i lang="en">image</i> <a href= -"#a20.4">20(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lariyò (S.) <i lang="en">brick</i> <a href= -"#a302.41">302(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">laròʾ <i lang="en">game</i>; <i lang= -"en">play</i> <a href="#a46.32">46(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a241.34">241(34)</a>.<br> -maglálaròʾ <i lang="en">will play</i> <a href= -"#a232.24">232(24)</a>.<br> -naglaròʾ <i lang="en">played</i> <a href= -"#a232.24">232(24)</a>.<br> -nagsipaglaròʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a86.31">86(31)</a>.<br> -naglálaròʾ <i lang="en">is playing</i> <a href= -"#a46.36">46(36)</a>.<br> -nagsísipaglaròʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a46.35">46(35)</a>.<br> -paglalaròʾ <i lang="en">a playing</i> <a href= -"#a48.5">48(5)</a>.<br> -laruìn <i lang="en">be played <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb371" href="#pb371" name="pb371">371</a>]</span>with</i> <a href= -"#a244.25">244(25)</a>.<br> -làrúan <i lang="en">play-ground</i> <a href= -"#a139.41">139(41)</a>.<br> -laruwàn <i lang="en">toy</i> <a href="#a84.6">84(6)</a>.<br> -paglaruwàn <i lang="en">be used as a plaything</i> <a href= -"#a255.37">255(37)</a>.<br> -pinaglaruàn <i lang="en">was played in</i> <a href= -"#a48.41">48(41)</a>.<br> -pinaglàlaruwàn <i lang="en">is being used as a -plaything</i> <a href="#a255.40">255(40)</a>.<br> -makipaglaròʾ <i lang="en">play along</i> <a href= -"#a88.20">88(20)</a>.<br> -pakikipaglaròʾ <i lang="en">a playing along</i> <a href= -"#a264.25">264(25)</a>.<br> -kalaròʾ <i lang="en">playmate</i> <a href= -"#a86.33">86(33)</a>.<br> -kalálaròʾ <i lang="en">there has been playing</i> -<a href="#a267.16">267(16)</a>.<br> -palaròʾ <i lang="en">public games</i> <a href= -"#a204.20">204(20)</a>.<br> -pagpapalaròʾ <i lang="en">an allowing to be played</i> -<a href="#a268.9">268(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lasìŋ <i lang="en">drunken</i> <a href= -"#a108.32">108(32)</a>.<br> -naglasìŋ <i lang="en">got drunk</i> <a href= -"#a282.28">282(28)</a>.<br> -paglalasìŋ <i lang="en">a getting drunk</i> <a href= -"#a190.15">190(15)</a>.<br> -nakalálasìŋ <i lang="en">makes drunk</i> <a href= -"#a108.8">108(8)</a>.<br> -nakákapaglasìŋ <i lang="en">is able to get drunk</i> -<a href="#a286.38">286(38)</a>.<br> -balasìŋ <i lang="en">an intoxicant plant, <span lang= -"la">Anamirta cocculus</span></i> <a href="#a108.7">108(7)</a>. -<a href="#a314.23">314(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">laséta (S.) <i lang="en">knife</i> <a href= -"#a207.6">207(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">láta <i lang="en">tin</i>; <i lang="en">can</i> -<a href="#a223.26">223(26)</a>. <a href="#a292.2">292(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-latàʾ: paŋlalatàʾ <i lang= -"en">extreme fatigue</i> <a href="#a66.33">66(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-látag: ipinaglàlátag <i lang= -"en">is being spread for</i> <a href="#a62.35">62(35)</a>.<br> -nàlàlátag <i lang="en">is lying stretched out</i> -<a href="#a92.22">92(22)</a>.<br> -pagkàlátag <i lang="en">a chance spreading</i> <a href= -"#a269.39">269(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">latìn S. <i lang="en">Latin</i> <a href= -"#a28.23">28(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-láon: kalaúnan <i lang="en">duration</i>, -<i lang="en">length</i> <a href="#a32.1">32(1)</a>. <a href= -"#a86.11">86(11)</a>.<br> -naláon <i lang="en">took long</i> <a href="#a34.20">34(20)</a>. -<a href="#a70.37">70(37)</a>.<br> -nalàláon <i lang="en">takes long</i> <a href= -"#a108.27">108(27)</a>.<br> -maláon <i lang="en">long</i>, <i lang="en">taking long</i> -<a href="#a34.25">34(25)</a>. <a href="#a108.35">108(35)</a>. <a href= -"#p69"><b>69</b></a>. <a href="#p110"><b>110</b></a>. <a href= -"#p138"><b>138</b></a>.<br> -nalaúnan <i lang="en">lasted long</i> <a href= -"#a36.33">36(33)</a>. <a href="#a38.12">38(12)</a>. <a href= -"#a54.13">54(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lawà, <i lang="en">see</i> sa.<br> -dalawà <i lang="en">two</i> <a href="#a16.25">16(25)</a>. -<a href="#a224.22">224(22)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>.<br> -dalawà ŋ pùʾ: -paŋdalawà-ŋ-pùʾ <i lang="en">number -twenty</i> <a href="#a225.41">225(41)</a>.<br> -ikadalawà-ŋ-pùʾ <i lang="en">twentieth</i> -<a href="#a273.24">273(24)</a>.<br> -dalawà ŋ pù t isà: -ikadalawà-ŋ-pù-t-isà <i lang= -"en">twenty-first</i> <a href="#a273.25">273(25)</a>.<br> -dádalawà <i lang="en">only two</i> <a href= -"#a84.30">84(30)</a>. <a href="#a224.32">224(32)</a>.<br> -dalá-dalawà <i lang="en">two by two</i> <a href= -"#a224.10">224(10)</a>.<br> -paŋalawà <i lang="en">number two</i> <a href= -"#a226.7">226(7)</a>.<br> -dadalawáhin <i lang="en">having two</i> <a href= -"#a54.5">54(5)</a>.<br> -ikalawà <i lang="en">second</i> <a href= -"#a24.15">24(15)</a>.<br> -makalawà <i lang="en">second day</i>, <i lang="en">day after -tomorrow</i> <a href="#a180.4">180(4)</a>. <a href= -"#a204.18">204(18)</a>. <a href="#a288.33">288(33)</a>.<br> -kamakalawà <i lang="en">day before yesterday</i> <a href= -"#a166.42">166(42)</a>. <a href="#a266.35">266(35)</a>. <a href= -"#p259"><b>259</b></a>.<br> -makálawà <i lang="en">twice</i> <a href= -"#a98.1">98(1)</a>. <a href="#p262"><b>262</b></a>(8).</p> -<p class="par">-láwak: maláwak <i lang="en">broad</i> -<a href="#a28.26">28(26)</a>. <a href="#a72.18">72(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-láwig: lalawígan <i lang= -"en">province</i> <a href="#a110.13">110(13)</a>.<br> -lalawíga-ŋ-Pampàŋga <i lang="en">Pampanga -province</i> <a href="#a210.28">210(28)</a>.<br> -maláwig <i lang="en">roundabout</i> <a href= -"#a240.32">240(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lawìt: naglawìt <i lang="en">hung -out</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> <a href="#a232.26">232(26)</a>.<br> -ilawìt <i lang="en">be hung out</i>, <i lang="en">down</i> -<a href="#a78.1">78(1)</a>.<br> -inilawìt <i lang="en">was hung down</i> <a href= -"#a78.6">78(6)</a>.<br> -nakalawìt <i lang="en">hung down</i> <a href= -"#a38.29">38(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-layàʾ: kalayáan <i lang= -"en">liberty</i> <a href="#a56.31">56(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">láyag <i lang="en">a sail</i> <a href= -"#a228.17">228(17)</a>.<br> -lumáyag <i lang="en">sailed</i>, <i lang="en">voyaged</i> -<a href="#a228.16">228(16)</a>.<br> -naglálayàg <i lang="en">sails back and forth</i> <a href= -"#a258.42">258(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">láyas <i lang="en">get away</i> <a href= -"#a222.4">222(4)</a>.<br> -lumáyas <i lang="en">go away</i> <a href="#a100.8">100(8)</a>. -<i lang="en">went away</i> <a href="#a228.18">228(18)</a>.<br> -làláyas <i lang="en">will go away</i> <a href= -"#a181.28">181(28)</a>.<br> -nilayásan <i lang="en">was deserted</i> <a href= -"#a252.9">252(9)</a>.<br> -làyásan <i lang="en">a deserting by many</i> <a href= -"#a259.30">259(30)</a>.<br> -makàláyas-láyas <i lang="en">ever run away</i> -<a href="#a297.24">297(24)</a>.<br> -pagpapaláyas <i lang="en">a driving away</i> <a href= -"#a36.23">36(23)</a>.<br> -palayásin <i lang="en">be driven away</i> <a href= -"#a84.22">84(22)</a>.<br> -pinaláyas <i lang="en">was driven away</i> <a href= -"#a72.11">72(11)</a>.<br> -pinalàláyas <i lang="en">is being driven away</i> -<a href="#a72.31">72(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-láyaw: pagpapaláyaw <i lang="en">a -causing to be fulfilled</i> <a href="#a312.19">312(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-láyoʾ (a): kaláyoʾ <i lang= -"en">what farness</i>, <i lang="en">how far?</i> <a href= -"#a70.5">70(5)</a>.<br> -maláyoʾ <i lang="en">distant</i>, <i lang="en">far</i> -<a href="#a28.26">28(26)</a>.<br> -malaláyoʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a82.37">82(37)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">With accent-shift</i>: -málayòʾ <i lang="en">be far away</i> <a href= -"#a32.19">32(19)</a>. <a href="#a34.11">34(11)</a>.<br> -nàlàlayòʾ <i lang="en">is far away</i> -<a href="#a80.37">80(37)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb372" -href="#pb372" name="pb372">372</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">líban <i lang="en">except</i> <a href= -"#a70.12">70(12)</a>. <a href="#a114.23">114(23)</a>. <a href= -"#p283"><b>283</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-libàŋ: paglilibàŋ <i lang= -"en">an amusing</i> <a href="#a116.37">116(37)</a>.<br> -lìbáŋan <i lang="en">place for amusing</i> <a href= -"#a258.42">258(42)</a>.<br> -malibàŋ <i lang="en">be diverted</i> <a href= -"#a204.30">204(30)</a>.<br> -nalibàŋ <i lang="en">became engrossed</i> <a href= -"#a70.22">70(22)</a>.<br> -ipinalílibàŋ <i lang="en">is being caused to be -amused</i> <a href="#a116.37">116(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-libìŋ: paglilibìŋ <i lang= -"en">a burying</i> <a href="#a114.21">114(21)</a>.<br> -inilílibìŋ <i lang="en">is being buried</i> <a href= -"#a112.30">112(30)</a>.<br> -lìbíŋan <i lang="en">burial-ground</i> <a href= -"#a114.21">114(21)</a>.<br> -pagkálibìŋ <i lang="en">a chance burying</i> -<a href="#a114.25">114(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">libreríya S. <i lang="en">library</i> <a href= -"#a227.36">227(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">librò S. <i lang="en">book</i> <a href= -"#a90.29">90(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">líbo <i lang="en">thousand</i> <a href= -"#a48.28">48(28)</a>. <a href="#a52.43">52(43)</a>. <a href= -"#p134"><b>134</b></a>. <i lang="en">See</i> isà.<br> -líbo-líbo <i lang="en">a thousand at a time</i> <a href= -"#a100.18">100(18)</a>.<br> -makàlìlíbo <i lang="en">a thousand times</i> -<a href="#a50.28">50(28)</a>. <a href="#a298.38">298(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-líbot: lumíbot <i lang="en">took a -walk</i> <a href="#a228.20">228(20)</a>.<br> -naglíbot <i lang="en">carried about</i> <a href= -"#a234.14">234(14)</a>.<br> -naglibòt <i lang="en">went on his errands</i> <a href= -"#a70.20">70(20)</a>.<br> -naglílibòt <i lang="en">is going about</i> <a href= -"#a34.30">34(30)</a>.<br> -nagsísipaglibòt <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a110.27">110(27)</a>.<br> -paglilibòt <i lang="en">a going about</i> <a href= -"#a68.2">68(2)</a>.<br> -nalíbot <i lang="en">has been gone round to</i> <a href= -"#a76.24">76(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lígaw: paglígaw <i lang="en">a -courting</i> <a href="#a46.21">46(21)</a>.<br> -maŋlilígaw manlilígaw <i lang="en">wooer</i> -<a href="#a42.27">42(27)</a>. <a href="#a70.10">70(10)</a>.<br> -nilìligáwan <i lang="en">is being courted</i> <a href= -"#a70.14">70(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ligàw: paligàw <i lang="en">allowing -himself to be led astray</i> <a href="#a32.13">32(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ligáya: magsiligáya <i lang= -"en">rejoice</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a262.21">262(21)</a>.<br> -nakalìligáya <i lang="en">is gladdening</i> <a href= -"#a202.21">202(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ligd, <i lang="en">see</i> -gílid.</p> -<p class="par">-lígid: palígid <i lang="en">round -about</i> <a href="#a16.20">16(20)</a>. <a href="#a26.8">26(8)</a>.<br> -palígid-lígid <i lang="en">all around</i> <a href= -"#a32.33">32(33)</a>. <a href="#a38.19">38(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ligsì <i lang="en">speed</i> <a href= -"#a218.30">218(30)</a>.<br> -ligsihàn <i lang="en">be done quickly</i> <a href= -"#a252.10">252(10)</a>.<br> -maligsì <i lang="en">quick</i> <a href="#a44.37">44(37)</a>.<br> -nagmámaligsì <i lang="en">acts quickly</i> <a href= -"#a235.41">235(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ligtàs: nagligtàs <i lang="en">saved</i> -<a href="#a291.39">291(39)</a>.<br> -naglíligtàs <i lang="en">saves</i> <a href= -"#a18.9">18(9)</a>.<br> -pagliligtàs <i lang="en">a saving</i> <a href= -"#a96.19">96(19)</a>.<br> -iligtàs <i lang="en">be saved</i> <a href= -"#a88.30">88(30)</a>.<br> -niligtasàn <i lang="en">was escaped from</i> <a href= -"#a22.28">22(28)</a>.<br> -makapagligtàs <i lang="en">be able to save</i> <a href= -"#a94.34">94(34)</a>.<br> -máligtàs <i lang="en">get saved</i> <a href= -"#a92.8">92(8)</a>. <a href="#a96.4">96(4)</a>.<br> -náligtàs <i lang="en">got saved</i> <a href= -"#a122.18">122(18)</a>.<br> -màligtasàn <i lang="en">get escaped from</i> <a href= -"#a50.30">50(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lígoʾ <i lang="en">bathe</i>, <i lang= -"en">intr.</i> <a href="#a222.4">222(4)</a>.<br> -malígoʾ <i lang="en">bathe</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> -<a href="#a28.14">28(14)</a>. <a href="#a191.38">191(38)</a>.<br> -malìlígoʾ <i lang="en">will bathe</i> <a href= -"#a191.30">191(30)</a>.<br> -nalígoʾ <i lang="en">took a bath</i> <a href= -"#a76.37">76(37)</a>. <a href="#a285.38">285(38)</a>.<br> -nalìlígoʾ <i lang="en">is bathing</i> <a href= -"#a16.2">16(2)</a>. <a href="#a32.31">32(31)</a>.<br> -palígoʾ <i lang="en">bath</i> <a href= -"#a300.4">300(4)</a>.<br> -paligòʾ <i lang="en">bathed</i> <a href= -"#a300.26">300(26)</a>.<br> -paŋpalígoʾ <i lang="en">used for bathing</i> <a href= -"#a183.23">183(23)</a>.<br> -pagpalígoʾ <i lang="en">a bathing</i>, <i lang= -"en">intr.</i> <a href="#a40.18">40(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a76.38">76(38)</a>. <a href="#a302.20">302(20)</a>.<br> -magsipalígoʾ <i lang="en">bathe</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> -<i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a28.12">28(12)</a>. <a href= -"#a302.23">302(23)</a>.<br> -makapalígoʾ <i lang="en">have bathed</i> <a href= -"#a32.37">32(37)</a>.<br> -pagkàpalígoʾ <i lang="en">a chance bathing</i> -<a href="#a313.2">313(2)</a>.<br> -pàliguàn <i lang="en">bathroom</i>, <i lang= -"en">bathtub</i> <a href="#a309.12">309(12)</a>.<br> -nagpalígoʾ <i lang="en">caused to bathe</i>, <i lang= -"en">bathed</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> <a href="#a181.36">181(36)</a>. -<a href="#a303.11">303(11)</a>.<br> -pagpapalígoʾ <i lang="en">a bathing</i>, <i lang= -"en">tr.</i> <a href="#a303.12">303(12)</a>.<br> -pinalìligúan <i lang="en">is being caused to bathe</i>, -<i lang="en">given a bath</i> <a href="#a308.14">308(14)</a>. <i lang= -"en">is being bathed in</i> <a href="#a308.13">308(13)</a>.<br> -tagapagpalígoʾ <i lang="en">one whose duty it is to -bathe</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> <a href="#a316.5">316(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-liguwàk: máliguwàk <i lang= -"en">get spilled</i> <a href="#a174.6">174(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">líham <i lang="en">letter</i> <a href= -"#a154.4">154(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">líhim <i lang="en">secret</i> <a href= -"#a24.32">24(32)</a>. <a href="#a40.33">40(33)</a>.<br> -lihìm <i lang="en">kept secret</i> <a href= -"#a36.22">36(22)</a>.<br> -inilíhim <i lang="en">was kept secret</i> <a href= -"#a118.41">118(41)</a>.<br> -palihìm <i lang="en">secretly</i> <a href= -"#a70.14">70(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">liìg <i lang="en">neck</i> <a href= -"#a135.17">135(17)</a>. <a href="#a201.10">201(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-liìt: kaliitàn <i lang="en">smallness</i> -<a href="#a34.2">34(2)</a>. <a href="#a118.1">118(1)</a>.<br> -maliìt <i lang="en">small</i> <a href="#a40.14">40(14)</a>.<br> -maliliìt <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a34.36">34(36)</a>. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb373" href="#pb373" name= -"pb373">373</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">leksiyòn S. <i lang="en">lesson</i> <a href= -"#a187.24">187(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">likòd <i lang="en">back</i> <a href= -"#a24.26">24(26)</a>. <a href="#a68.4">68(4)</a>.<br> -likuràn <i lang="en">rear</i> <a href="#a48.16">48(16)</a>. -<a href="#a68.11">68(11)</a>.<br> --talíkod <a href="#a315.27">315(27)</a>.<br> -tumalíkod <i lang="en">turned the back</i> <a href= -"#a231.18">231(18)</a>.<br> -pagtalíkod <i lang="en">a turning the back</i> <a href= -"#a231.18">231(18)</a>.<br> -tinalikdàn <i lang="en">was turned the back to</i> <a href= -"#a254.21">254(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Lílay (S.) <i lang="en">short-n.</i> <a href= -"#a264.6">264(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lílim <i lang="en">shade</i> <a href= -"#a310.43">310(43)</a>.<br> -malílim <i lang="en">shady</i> <a href= -"#a294.27">294(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">limà <i lang="en">five</i> <a href= -"#a56.33">56(33)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>.<br> -paŋlimà <i lang="en">number five</i> <a href= -"#a225.37">225(37)</a>.<br> -lilimáhin <i lang="en">having five</i> <a href= -"#a86.21">86(21)</a>. <a href="#a247.36">247(36)</a>.<br> -ikalimà <i lang="en">fifth</i> <a href= -"#a273.18">273(18)</a>.<br> -makálimà <i lang="en">five times</i> <a href= -"#a298.33">298(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-límaŋ: limàŋ <i lang= -"en">confused</i> <a href="#a291.1">291(1)</a>.<br> -nalímaŋ <i lang="en">became confused</i> <a href= -"#a285.24">285(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">limonáda S. <i lang="en">lemonade</i> <a href= -"#a297.10">297(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">limòs <i lang="en">alms</i>; <i lang= -"en">ceremonial gift</i> <a href="#a112.6">112(6)</a>.<br> -maglimòs <i lang="en">give alms</i> <a href= -"#a78.37">78(37)</a>.<br> -maŋlilímos <i lang="en">alms-seeker</i> <a href= -"#a112.10">112(10)</a>.<br> -limusàn <i lang="en">be given alms</i> <a href= -"#a112.7">112(7)</a>.<br> -nilìlimusàn <i lang="en">is being given alms</i> <a href= -"#a72.31">72(31)</a>.<br> -nagpápalimòs <i lang="en">is asking for alms</i> <a href= -"#a72.30">72(30)</a>.<br> -nagsísipagpalimòs <i lang="en">pl</i>. <a href= -"#a110.28">110(28)</a>. <a href="#a304.17">304(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-límot: nalimútan <i lang="en">was -forgotten</i> <a href="#a208.7">208(7)</a>.<br> -nalìlimútan <i lang="en">is forgotten</i> <a href= -"#a92.2">92(2)</a>.<br> -nakalìlímot <i lang="en">has forgotten</i> <a href= -"#a276.8">276(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-linamnàm: malinamnàm <i lang= -"en">tasty</i> <a href="#a16.18">16(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-línaw: malínaw <i lang="en">clear</i> -<a href="#a38.18">38(18)</a>. <a href="#a116.38">116(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lindòl <i lang="en">earthquake</i> <a href= -"#a289.14">289(14)</a>.<br> -lumílindòl <i lang="en">there is an earthquake</i> -<a href="#a281.12">281(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-línis: lumínis <i lang="en">get clear</i> -<a href="#a228.21">228(21)</a>.<br> -naglínis <i lang="en">cleaned</i> <a href= -"#a181.38">181(38)</a>.<br> -naglìlínis <i lang="en">is cleaning</i> <a href= -"#a182.31">182(31)</a>.<br> -maglilinìs <i lang="en">cleaner</i> <a href= -"#a242.43">242(43)</a>.<br> -linísin <i lang="en">be cleaned</i> <a href= -"#a238.6">238(6)</a>.<br> -nilínis <i lang="en">was cleaned</i> <a href= -"#a56.39">56(39)</a>.<br> -nilìlínis <i lang="en">is being cleaned</i> <a href= -"#a244.26">244(26)</a>.<br> -kalinísan <i lang="en">cleanness</i> <a href= -"#a276.32">276(32)</a>.<br> -pinakamalínis <i lang="en">cleanest</i> <a href= -"#a310.1">310(1)</a>.<br> -malilínis <i lang="en">clean</i>, <i lang="en">neat</i>, -<i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a259.1">259(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lintìk <i lang="en">lightning</i> <a href= -"#a254.37">254(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">liŋgò (S.) <i lang="en">Sunday</i> <a href= -"#a50.11">50(11)</a>.<br> -liŋgò-liŋgò <i lang="en">every Sunday</i> -<a href="#a96.4">96(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-liŋkìŋ: -kàliŋkíŋan <i lang="en">little finger</i> -<a href="#a280.13">280(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lípaʾ <i lang="en">a smearing</i>, <i lang= -"en">plastering</i> <a href="#a196.24">196(24)</a>.<br> -paŋlípaʾ <i lang="en">used for plastering</i> <a href= -"#a225.12">225(12)</a>.<br> -maglilipàʾ <i lang="en">plasterer</i> 242 (43).</p> -<p class="par">-lipàd: lumílipàd <i lang="en">is -flying</i> <a href="#a88.23">88(23)</a>.<br> -pinalipàd <i lang="en">was caused to fly</i> <a href= -"#a295.5">295(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lípas: lipàs <i lang="en">elapsed</i>, -<i lang="en">evaporated</i> <a href="#a222.38">222(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a287.7">287(7)</a>.<br> -magpalípas <i lang="en">allow to elapse</i> <a href= -"#a26.39">26(39)</a>.<br> -nagpalípas <i lang="en">allowed to elapse</i> <a href= -"#a92.3">92(3)</a>.<br> -nagpàpalípas <i lang="en">allows to elapse</i> <a href= -"#a74.12">74(12)</a>. <a href="#a90.7">90(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lípat: lumípat <i lang="en">change -one’s abode</i>, <i lang="en">move</i> <a href= -"#a88.43">88(43)</a>. <i lang="en">moved</i> <a href= -"#a118.39">118(39)</a>. <a href="#a228.23">228(23)</a>.<br> -nagsìsilípat <i lang="en">are changing their abode</i> -<a href="#a122.13">122(13)</a>.<br> -ikinalípat <i lang="en">was the cause of moving</i> <a href= -"#a116.26">116(26)</a>.<br> -màlìlípat <i lang="en">will go over</i> <a href= -"#a46.2">46(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lípol: lipúlin <i lang="en">be -exterminated</i> <a href="#a24.36">24(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lipumpòn: nagsísilipumpòn <i lang= -"en">are swarming over</i> <a href="#a262.22">262(22)</a>.<br> -pinagkàkalipumpunàn <i lang="en">is being overrun by -many</i> <a href="#a90.19">90(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a276.9">276(9)</a>.<br> -màpagkalipumpunàn <i lang="en">get overrun by many</i> -<a href="#a106.28">106(28)</a>. <a href="#a298.30">298(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lípon: nagsìslípon <i lang= -"en">are swarming over</i> <a href="#a262.22">262(22)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipaglípon <i lang="en">are gathering up</i> -<a href="#a262.37">262(37)</a>.<br> -nagkàkalípon <i lang="en">is getting all over</i> -<a href="#a268.32">268(32)</a>.<br> -nalìlípon <i lang="en">has been, is able to be gathered -together</i> <a href="#a98.38">98(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a283.34">283(34)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb374" href= -"#pb374" name="pb374">374</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">-litàw: lumitàw <i lang="en">bobbed up</i> -<a href="#a78.7">78(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-litsòn S. paglilitsòn <i lang="en">a -pig-roasting</i> <a href="#a262.39">262(39)</a>.<br> -litsúnan <i lang="en">pig-roasting party</i> <a href= -"#a257.37">257(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-litò: pagkalitò <i lang="en">a having -become confused</i> <a href="#a72.9">72(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-liwalìw: magliwalìw <i lang="en">be -idle</i>, <i lang="en">loaf</i> <a href="#a240.23">240(23)</a>.<br> -pagliliwalìw <i lang="en">an amusing oneself</i>, <i lang= -"en">pleasure</i> <a href="#a96.39">96(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">liwánag <i lang="en">illumination</i> <a href= -"#a66.1">66(1)</a>.<br> -lumiwánag <i lang="en">became light</i> <a href= -"#a201.37">201(37)</a>.<br> -maliwánag <i lang="en">bright</i> <a href= -"#a66.37">66(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">liyàb <i lang="en">flame</i> <a href= -"#a66.16">66(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">léyi S. <i lang="en">law</i> <a href= -"#a234.36">234(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lubày <i lang="en">cessation</i> <a href= -"#a100.1">100(1)</a>.<br> -naglubày <i lang="en">ceased</i> <a href= -"#a66.35">66(35)</a>.<br> -naglúlubày <i lang="en">ceases</i> <a href= -"#a58.21">58(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lubhàʾ <i lang="en">very</i> <a href= -"#a46.33">46(33)</a>. <a href="#p147"><b>147</b></a>.<br> -malubhàʾ <i lang="en">intense</i> <a href= -"#a46.7">46(7)</a>. <a href="#a78.25">78(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lúbid <i lang="en">rope</i> <a href= -"#a186.38">186(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lublòb: naglúlublòb <i lang= -"en">is splashing about</i> <a href="#a110.25">110(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lóbo S. <i lang="en">wolf</i> <a href= -"#a299.38">299(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lóbo (S.) <i lang="en">balloon</i> <a href= -"#a138.31">138(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lubòg <i lang="en">immersion</i>, <i lang= -"en">dyeing</i> <a href="#a251.41">251(41)</a>.<br> -lumubòg <i lang="en">went under</i> <a href= -"#a78.17">78(17)</a>.<br> -nálubòg <i lang="en">got sunk</i> <a href= -"#a257.12">257(12)</a>.<br> -nàlùlubòg <i lang="en">is immersed</i> <a href= -"#a78.13">78(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lubòs <i lang="en">complete</i> <a href= -"#a40.2">40(2)</a>. <a href="#a312.19">312(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lugàr S. <i lang="en">place</i> <a href= -"#a20.27">20(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lúgaw: maglúgaw <i lang="en">prepare -rice-broth</i> <a href="#a232.27">232(27)</a>.<br> -nilúgaw <i lang="en">rice-broth</i> <a href= -"#a252.32">252(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lúgi: ikinalúgi <i lang="en">was the -cause of losing money</i> <a href="#a239.43">239(43)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lúgit: palúgit <i lang="en">handicap</i> -<a href="#a60.38">60(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lugmòk: nàlùlugmòk <i lang= -"en">is sunk (in an emotion)</i> <a href="#a92.4">92(4)</a>. <a href= -"#a114.14">114(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lúhaʾ: lumùlúhaʾ -<i lang="en">is shedding tears</i> <a href="#a94.31">94(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-luhòd: lumuhòd <i lang="en">kneel -down</i> <a href="#a228.24">228(24)</a>. <i lang="en">knelt down</i> -<a href="#a228.25">228(25)</a>.<br> -nakaluhòd <i lang="en">has knelt down</i>, <i lang="en">is on -his knees</i> <a href="#a112.1">112(1)</a>.<br> -náluhòd <i lang="en">knelt down</i> <a href= -"#a295.33">295(33)</a>.<br> -nàlùluhòd <i lang="en">is kneeling</i> <a href= -"#a22.24">22(24)</a>.<br> -nagpatiluhòd <i lang="en">suddenly knelt down</i> <a href= -"#a313.29">313(29)</a>.<br> -pagpapatiluhòd <i lang="en">a suddenly kneeling down</i> -<a href="#a313.31">313(31)</a>.<br> -nápatiluhòd <i lang="en">fell on his knees</i> <a href= -"#a313.38">313(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Lúkas S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a104.20">104(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">luksò <i lang="en">jump over</i> <a href= -"#a222.5">222(5)</a>.<br> -lumuksò <i lang="en">jumped</i> <a href= -"#a16.21">16(21)</a>.<br> -pagluksò <i lang="en">a jumping</i> <a href= -"#a60.14">60(14)</a>.<br> -luksuhàn <i lang="en">be jumped onto</i> <a href= -"#a252.11">252(11)</a>.<br> -luksúhan <i lang="en">jumping by many</i> <a href= -"#a257.38">257(38)</a>.<br> -nakipagluksúhan <i lang="en">took part in a jumping-contest</i> -<a href="#a264.31">264(31)</a>.<br> -nakìkipagluksúhan <i lang="en">takes part in a -jumping-contest</i> <a href="#a204.19">204(19)</a>.<br> -pakikipagluksúhan <i lang="en">a jumping with others</i> -<a href="#a62.1">62(1)</a>.<br> -nàpàpaluksò <i lang="en">involuntarily jumps -up</i> <a href="#a62.10">62(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">luktòn <i lang="en">locust</i> <a href= -"#a191.32">191(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lóko S. <i lang="en">crazy</i> <a href= -"#a80.31">80(31)</a>.<br> -paŋlolóko <i lang="en">a fooling</i> <a href= -"#a108.3">108(3)</a>.<br> -nilòlóko <i lang="en">is being fooled</i> <a href= -"#a50.32">50(32)</a>.<br> -kalokóhan <i lang="en">insanity</i> <a href= -"#a313.25">313(25)</a>.<br> -pagkalóko <i lang="en">a fit of insanity</i> <a href= -"#a313.22">313(22)</a>.<br> -nàlòlóko <i lang="en">is fooled</i> <a href= -"#a106.1">106(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lúlan <i lang="en">that loaded onto a -vehicle</i>; <i lang="en">an embarking</i> <a href= -"#a100.32">100(32)</a>. <a href="#a118.18">118(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a219.40">219(40)</a>.<br> -nagsilúlan <i lang="en">embarked</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a118.24">118(24)</a>.<br> -ilúlan <i lang="en">be put on a vehicle</i> <a href= -"#a20.38">20(38)</a>.<br> -inilúlan <i lang="en">was put on a vessel</i> <a href= -"#a56.24">56(24)</a>.<br> -lulánan <i lang="en">be laden</i> <a href= -"#a252.12">252(12)</a>.<br> -lùlánan <i lang="en">an embarking by many</i> <a href= -"#a259.32">259(32)</a>.<br> -màlúlan <i lang="en">get put in a vehicle</i> <a href= -"#a20.11">20(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Lóleŋ (S.) <i lang="en">short-n.</i> -<a href="#a134.31">134(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lulòd <i lang="en">shin</i> <a href= -"#a254.35">254(35)</a>.<br> -luluràn <i lang="en">be hit on the shin</i> <a href= -"#a252.13">252(13)</a>. <i lang="en">the shin</i> <a href= -"#a261.25">261(25)</a> <i lang="en">Corrigenda.</i></p> -<p class="par">lúmaʾ <i lang="en">worn-out</i>, <i lang= -"en">old</i> <a href="#a171.4">171(4)</a>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb375" href="#pb375" name="pb375">375</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">lumbò <i lang="en">cocoanut-shell -drinking-cup</i> <a href="#a74.5">74(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lumpò <i lang="en">lame</i> <a href= -"#a219.5">219(5)</a>.<br> -nalumpò <i lang="en">became lame</i> <a href= -"#a285.28">285(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lúmot <i lang="en">moss</i> <a href= -"#a313.41">313(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lundàg <i lang="en">a leap</i> <a href= -"#a48.16">48(16)</a>.<br> -lumundàg <i lang="en">leaped</i> <a href= -"#a70.39">70(39)</a>.<br> -paglulundàg <i lang="en">a leaping about</i> <a href= -"#a296.13">296(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lúnes S. <i lang="en">Monday</i> <a href= -"#a180.5">180(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lúnod: lunúrin <i lang="en">be -drowned</i> <a href="#a16.25">16(25)</a>.<br> -kalunúran <i lang="en">be drowned in</i> <a href= -"#a274.22">274(22)</a>. <i lang="en">west</i> <a href= -"#a18.22">18(22)</a>. <a href="#a163.27">163(27)</a>.<br> -kalùlunúran <i lang="en">will be the place of -drowning</i> <a href="#a274.23">274(23)</a>.<br> -magkalunòd <i lang="en">have drownings</i> <a href= -"#a112.13">112(13)</a>.<br> -malúnod <i lang="en">get drowned</i> <a href= -"#a264.29">264(29)</a>.<br> -nalúnod <i lang="en">got drowned</i> <a href= -"#a28.22">28(22)</a>.<br> -naŋalúnod <i lang="en">pl.</i> 88 (31).<br> -pagkalúnod <i lang="en">a drowning</i> <a href= -"#a88.30">88(30)</a>. <a href="#a272.23">272(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">luŋgàʾ <i lang="en">lair</i>, <i lang= -"en">hole</i> <a href="#a84.29">84(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-luŋkòt: ikinaluŋkòt <i lang= -"en">was the cause of regret</i> <a href="#a32.37">32(37)</a>. <a href= -"#a88.17">88(17)</a>.<br> -ikinalúluŋkòt <i lang="en">is the cause of -regret</i> <a href="#a80.30">80(30)</a>. <a href= -"#a272.13">272(13)</a>.<br> -kaluŋkútan <i lang="en">melancholy</i> <a href= -"#a92.5">92(5)</a>.<br> -naluŋkòt <i lang="en">became sad</i> <a href= -"#a90.34">90(34)</a>.<br> -naŋaluŋkòt <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a34.23">34(23)</a>.<br> -nalúluŋkòt <i lang="en">is sorry</i> <a href= -"#a285.25">285(25)</a>.<br> -palaluŋkútin <i lang="en">given to grief</i> <a href= -"#a315.9">315(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lúpaʾ <i lang="en">land</i>, <i lang= -"en">ground</i>, <i lang="en">earth</i> <a href="#a16.4">16(4)</a>. -<a href="#a24.4">24(4)</a>. <a href="#a46.38">46(38)</a>. <i lang= -"en">See</i> hampàs.<br> -lúpa-ŋ-Bùstos <i lang="en">ground of Bustos</i> -<a href="#a100.9">100(9)</a>.<br> -lúpa-ŋ-San-Ildepònso <i lang="en">ground of San -Ildefonso</i> <a href="#a100.34">100(34)</a>.<br> -lupaìn <i lang="en">land</i>, <i lang="en">country</i> <a href= -"#a56.17">56(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-lupìt: kalupitàn <i lang="en">cruelty</i> -<a href="#a74.20">74(20)</a>.<br> -malupìt <i lang="en">cruel</i> <a href="#a44.30">44(30)</a>.<br> -malulupìt <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a20.32">20(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lúsoŋ <i lang="en">aid</i> <a href= -"#a231.42">231(42)</a>.<br> -lusúŋin <i lang="en">be gone down into</i> <a href= -"#a244.27">244(27)</a>.<br> -nilúsoŋ <i lang="en">was gone down into</i> <a href= -"#a244.27">244(27)</a>.<br> -nilusúŋan <i lang="en">was gone to the aid of</i> <a href= -"#a252.15">252(15)</a>.<br> -lusuŋàn <i lang="en">mutual aid</i> <a href= -"#a260.14">260(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lusòŋ <i lang="en">mortar</i> <a href= -"#a16.25">16(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">lútoʾ <i lang="en">a cooking</i>; <i lang= -"en">that cooked</i> <a href="#a182.33">182(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a221.8">221(8)</a>.<br> -maglútoʾ <i lang="en">cook</i> <a href= -"#a114.3">114(3)</a>.<br> -naglútoʾ <i lang="en">cooked</i> <a href= -"#a182.1">182(1)</a>.<br> -naglùlútoʾ <i lang="en">is cooking</i> <a href= -"#a108.6">108(6)</a>.<br> -maglulutòʾ <i lang="en">cook</i> <a href= -"#a243.1">243(1)</a>.<br> -lutúin <i lang="en">be cooked</i> <a href= -"#a134.19">134(19)</a>.<br> -nilútoʾ <i lang="en">was cooked</i> <a href= -"#a257.35">257(35)</a>.<br> -nilùlútoʾ linùlútoʾ <i lang= -"en">is being cooked</i> <a href="#a244.28">244(28)</a>.<br> -inilùlútoʾ ilinùlútoʾ <i lang= -"en">is being cooked</i> <a href="#a181.18">181(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a248.24">248(24)</a>. <a href="#a249.25">249(25)</a>.<br> -ipinaglùlútoʾ <i lang="en">is being cooked for</i> -<a href="#a249.24">249(24)</a>.<br> -lutúan <i lang="en">be cooked with</i> <a href= -"#a252.15">252(15)</a>.<br> -lutuàn <i lang="en">kitchen</i> <a href= -"#a114.6">114(6)</a>.<br> -pagkalútoʾ <i lang="en">a past cooking</i> <a href= -"#a108.10">108(10)</a>.<br> -nagpàpalútoʾ <i lang="en">causes to be cooked</i> -<a href="#a108.6">108(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">loòb <i lang="en">inside</i>; <i lang= -"en">spirit</i>, <i lang="en">will</i>, <i lang="en">opinion</i> -<a href="#a36.5">36(5)</a>. <a href="#a40.25">40(25)</a>. <a href= -"#a90.40">90(40)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> bigày.<br> -loòb-loòb <i lang="en">modest opinion</i> <a href= -"#a98.26">98(26)</a>.<br> -nilóloòb <i lang="en">is being intended</i> <a href= -"#a307.5">307(5)</a>.<br> -pumaloòb <i lang="en">go into the inside</i> <a href= -"#a42.10">42(10)</a>. <a href="#a302.19">302(19)</a>.<br> -napaloòb <i lang="en">got into the inside</i> <a href= -"#a104.15">104(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-luwà, <i lang="en">see</i> -káluluwà.</p> -<p class="par">-luwàʾ: inilúwàʾ <i lang= -"en">is being spat out</i> <a href="#a40.28">40(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-luwàg: maluwàg <i lang="en">loose</i>, -<i lang="en">not well fixed</i> <a href="#a92.38"><span class="corr" -id="xd21e97477" title="Source: 97">92</span>(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-luwalhátiʾ: maluwalhátiʾ -<i lang="en">in good shape</i> <a href="#a268.36">268(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-luwàŋ: kaluwáŋan <i lang= -"en">looseness</i>, <i lang="en">width</i> <a href= -"#a253.27">253(27)</a>.<br> -maluwàŋ <i lang="en">loose</i>, <i lang="en">too wide</i> -<a href="#a289.8">289(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-luwàs: lumuwàs <i lang="en">go -down-stream</i> <a href="#a56.21">56(21)</a>.<br> -pagluwàs <i lang="en">a going down-stream</i> <a href= -"#a297.34">297(34)</a>.<br> -napaluwásan <i lang="en">went down-stream together</i> <a href= -"#a279.4">279(4)</a>. <a href="#a312.8">312(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">luwàt <i lang="en">long duration</i> <a href= -"#a173.39">173(39)</a>.<br> -maluwàt <i lang="en">long</i> <a href="#a40.31">40(31)</a>. -<a href="#a62.22">62(22)</a>. <a href= -"#p269.7"><b>269</b>(7)</a>.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb376" href= -"#pb376" name="pb376">376</a>]</span><br> -magmaluwàt <i lang="en">take much time</i> <a href= -"#a236.2">236(2)</a>.<br> -nagmaluwàt <i lang="en">acted slowly</i> <a href= -"#a236.1">236(1)</a>.<br> -naluwatàn <i lang="en">took long</i> <a href= -"#a84.8">84(8)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e97593" class="main">M.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p lang="en" class="par first">(see also B, P).</p> -<p class="par">m, <i lang="en">see</i> na.</p> -<p class="par">màʾ <i lang="en">Uncle</i>, <i lang= -"en">Don</i>, <i lang="en">Mr.</i> <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">mabúlo <i lang="en">a tree and its fruit -<span lang="la">Trichodesma zeylanicum</span></i> <a href= -"#a34.40">34(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">madlàʾ <i lang="en">populace</i> <a href= -"#a24.33">24(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-magàt: pamagàt <i lang="en">title</i> -<a href="#a86.19">86(19)</a>. <a href="#a300.5">300(5)</a>.<br> -pamagatàn <i lang="en">be given a name</i> <a href= -"#a42.21">42(21)</a>.<br> -pinamàmagatàn <i lang="en">is being given a name</i> -<a href="#a168.8">168(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">magígiŋ, magìŋ <i lang= -"en">see</i> -gìŋ.</p> -<p class="par">mahàl <i lang="en">dear</i> <a href= -"#a22.11">22(11)</a>.<br> -pagmamahàl <i lang="en">a holding dear</i> <a href= -"#a72.38">72(38)</a>.<br> -minámahàl <i lang="en">is being held dear</i> <a href= -"#a62.34">62(34)</a>.<br> -kamàhálan <i lang="en">highness</i>, <i lang= -"en">majesty</i> <a href="#a26.23">26(23)</a>.<br> -kamahalàn <i lang="en">dearness</i>, <i lang="en">high price</i> -<a href="#a186.9">186(9)</a>.<br> -kinàmahalàn <i lang="en">was got dear in</i> <a href= -"#a279.17">279(17)</a>.<br> -pinakamahàl <i lang="en">dearest</i> <a href= -"#a309.38">309(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-mahálaʾ: namàmahálaʾ -<i lang="en">is ruling</i> <a href="#a122.4">122(4)</a>.<br> -pàmahalaàn pàmahaláan <i lang= -"en">government</i> <a href="#a56.15">56(15)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> -báhay.</p> -<p class="par">maìs S. <i lang="en">maize</i> <a href= -"#a248.29">248(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">maèstro mayèstro S. <i lang= -"en">master</i>, <i lang="en">teacher</i> <a href= -"#a88.12">88(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mákina S. <i lang="en">machine</i> <a href= -"#a203.2">203(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-málas: nàmálas <i lang="en">got -perceived</i> <a href="#a36.38">36(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a38.19">38(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">málay <i lang="en">consciousness</i> <a href= -"#a288.18">288(18)</a>.<br> -nagkamálay <i lang="en">became conscious</i> <a href= -"#a268.33">268(33)</a>.<br> -nakàmálay <i lang="en">happened to notice</i> <a href= -"#a188.10">188(10)</a>.<br> -nàmaláyan <i lang="en">got noticed</i> <a href= -"#a42.39">42(39)</a>.<br> -pamaláyan <i lang="en">be caused to be noticed</i> <a href= -"#a308.15">308(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">malìʾ <i lang="en">bad</i> <a href= -"#a34.24">34(24)</a>. <a href="#a271.42">271(42)</a>.<br> -kamàlían <i lang="en">wrongness</i> <a href= -"#a297.12">297(12)</a>.<br> -pamalímalìʾ <i lang="en">repeatedly wrong</i> -<a href="#a300.31">300(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Malólos <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a110.24">110(24)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> báyan.</p> -<p class="par">mámaʾ <i lang="en">uncle</i>, <i lang= -"en">sir</i> <a href="#a151.35">151(35)</a>. <a href= -"#p59"><b>59</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">mámayàʾ mámiyàʾ -<i lang="en">soon</i> <a href="#a262.9">262(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">màn <i lang="en">too</i>, <i lang="en">as -well</i> <a href="#a16.18">16(18)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. -<a href="#p221"><b>221</b></a>. <a href="#p227"><b>227</b></a>. -<a href="#p248"><b>248</b></a>. <a href="#p262"><b>262</b></a>.<a href= -"#p262.7">(7)</a>.<a href="#p262.10">(10)</a>.<a href= -"#p262.13">(13)</a>. <a href="#p219"><b>219</b></a>. <a href= -"#p317.3"><b>317</b>(3)</a>.<a href="#p317.5">(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mána <i lang="en">that inherited</i> <a href= -"#a40.5">40(5)</a>.<br> -nàmàmána <i lang="en">is inherited</i> <a href= -"#a40.11">40(11)</a>.<br> -ipamána <i lang="en">be bequeathed</i> <a href= -"#a40.30">40(30)</a>.<br> -ipinamàmána <i lang="en">is being bequeathed</i> <a href= -"#a40.31">40(31)</a>.<br> -pamanáhan <i lang="en">be bequeathed to</i> <a href= -"#a40.33">40(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">manèʾ <i lang="en">peanut</i> <a href= -"#a76.16">76(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">maníkaʾ (S.) <i lang="en">doll</i> <a href= -"#a40.14">40(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Manikìs S. <i lang="en">family-n.</i> <a href= -"#a209.24">209(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mansà S. <i lang="en">spot</i> <a href= -"#a191.14">191(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mansánas S. <i lang="en">apple</i> <a href= -"#a182.27">182(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-máno S.: nagmàmáno <i lang= -"en">kisses the hand</i> <a href="#a56.14">56(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">manòk <i lang="en">hen</i>, <i lang= -"en">cock</i>, <i lang="en">chicken</i> <a href="#a38.30">38(30)</a>. -<a href="#a72.36">72(36)</a>.<br> -nagmanòk-manúkan <i lang="en">played rooster</i> <a href= -"#a237.10">237(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Manuwèl S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a228.16">228(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">maŋà <i lang="en">plural sign</i> <a href= -"#a16.8">16(8)</a>. <a href="#a143.16">143(16)</a>. <a href= -"#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href="#p251"><b>251</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">maŋgà S. <i lang="en">mango</i> <a href= -"#a34.40">34(40)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> púnoʾ,<br> -maŋgáhan <i lang="en">mango-grove</i> <a href= -"#a255.11">255(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">maŋgàs S. <i lang="en">sleeves</i> <a href= -"#a306.24">306(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-maŋhàʾ: -pagkámaŋhàʾ <i lang="en">a getting -astonished</i> <a href="#a60.5">60(5)</a>.<br> -naŋápamaŋhàʾ <i lang="en">were -astonished</i> <a href="#a52.18">52(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a312.38">312(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">maŋkòk (C.?) <i lang="en">bowl</i> <a href= -"#a248.35">248(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">maŋmàŋ <i lang="en">ignorant</i> -<a href="#a94.39">94(39)</a>.<br> -kamaŋmaŋàn <i lang="en">ignorance</i> <a href= -"#a82.24">82(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">màpápasa, mápasa, <i lang= -"en">see</i> sa.</p> -<p class="par">Marikína S. <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <i lang= -"en">See</i> báyan. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb377" href= -"#pb377" name="pb377">377</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">Mariyà S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a70.11">70(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mariyáno S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a54.1">54(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Màrkes S. <i lang="en">family-n.</i> <a href= -"#a189.43">189(43)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Markíta S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a92.29">92(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-masìd: nagmámasìd <i lang="en">is -observing</i> <a href="#a100.21">100(21)</a>.<br> -pagmamasìd <i lang="en">an observing</i> <a href= -"#a272.25">272(25)</a>.<br> -masdàn <i lang="en">be looked at</i> <a href= -"#a20.32">20(32)</a>.<br> -minàmasdàn <i lang="en">is being looked at</i> <a href= -"#a252.17">252(17)</a>.<br> -pagmasdàn <i lang="en">be observed</i> <a href= -"#a255.42">255(42)</a>.<br> -pinagmasdàn <i lang="en">was scrutinized</i> <a href= -"#a18.4">18(4)</a>.<br> -pagkámasìd <i lang="en">a chance looking at</i>, <i lang= -"en">a glancing</i> <a href="#a168.33">168(33)</a>.<br> -màmasdàn <i lang="en">get looked at</i> <a href= -"#a88.7">88(7)</a>.<br> -màmàmasdàn <i lang="en">will get looked at</i> -<a href="#a96.16">96(16)</a>.<br> -nàmàmasdàn <i lang="en">is visible</i> <a href= -"#a297.32">297(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">masiyádo, <i lang="en">see</i> --siyádo.</p> -<p class="par">Masòn S. <i lang="en">freemason</i> <a href= -"#a56.12">56(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">matà <i lang="en">eye</i> <a href= -"#a20.27">20(27)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> pilìk.<br> -matà-matà <i lang="en">trellis-work</i> <a href= -"#a223.41">223(41)</a>.<br> -minámatà <i lang="en">is being looked down on</i> -<a href="#a30.3">30(3)</a>.<br> -matáan <i lang="en">be looked round for</i> <a href= -"#a254.31">254(31)</a>.<br> -minatáan <i lang="en">was looked round for</i> <a href= -"#a254.30">254(30)</a>.<br> -kamatà <i lang="en">congenial at sight</i> <a href= -"#a266.12">266(12)</a>.<br> -mapaŋmatà <i lang="en">given to looking down on people</i> -<a href="#a18.19">18(19)</a>.<br> -nàmatáan <i lang="en">got espied</i> <a href= -"#a36.3">36(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-matày: ikamámatày <i lang= -"en">will be the cause of dying</i> <a href="#a94.28">94(28)</a>.<br> -ikinamatày <i lang="en">was the cause of dying</i> <a href= -"#a186.15">186(15)</a>.<br> -ipagkákamatày <i lang="en">will be the cause of a part -dying</i> <a href="#a272.34">272(34)</a>.<br> -kinamatayàn <i lang="en">was died in</i> <a href= -"#a38.23">38(23)</a>.<br> -Kinamatayà-ŋ-kabáyo <i lang="en">place-n.</i> -<a href="#a221.30">221(30)</a>.<br> -pagkàkamatayàn <i lang="en">will be died in by some</i> -<a href="#a275.13">275(13)</a>.<br> -pinagkamatayàn <i lang="en">was died in by some</i> <a href= -"#a275.10">275(10)</a>.<br> -kamàtáyan <i lang="en">death</i> <a href= -"#a94.34">94(34)</a>.<br> -mamatày <i lang="en">die</i> <a href="#a40.32">40(32)</a>.<br> -mamámatày <i lang="en">will die</i> <a href= -"#a32.1">32(1)</a>. <a href="#a62.26">62(26)</a>.<br> -namatày <i lang="en">died</i> <a href="#a16.11">16(11)</a>.<br> -naŋamatày <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a286.16">286(16)</a>.<br> -namámatày <i lang="en">is dead</i> <a href= -"#a74.11">74(11)</a>.<br> -pagkamatày <i lang="en">a dying</i> <a href="#a22.3">22(3)</a>. -<a href="#a40.27">40(27)</a>.<br> -mamatày-matày <i lang="en">be able to die off</i> -<a href="#a287.37">287(37)</a>.<br> -namatayàn <i lang="en">was died from</i> <a href= -"#a38.9">38(9)</a>.<br> -namàmatayàn <i lang="en">is died from</i> <a href= -"#a112.19">112(19)</a>.<br> -magpápakamatày <i lang="en">will commit suicide</i> -<a href="#a309.23">309(23)</a>.<br> -nagpakamatày <i lang="en">committed suicide</i> <a href= -"#a309.22">309(22)</a>.<br> -pagpapakamatày <i lang="en">suicide</i> <a href= -"#a309.24">309(24)</a>.<br> -himatày <i lang="en">fainting-fit</i> <a href= -"#a314.25">314(25)</a>.<br> -naghíhimatày <i lang="en">is fainting</i> <a href= -"#a236.6">236(6)</a>.<br> -paghihimatày <i lang="en">a fainting</i> <a href= -"#a159.6">159(6)</a>.<br> -himatayìn <i lang="en">be attacked by a fainting-fit</i> -<a href="#a208.5">208(5)</a>.<br> -hinimatày <i lang="en">was attacked by a fainting-fit</i> -<a href="#a246.1">246(1)</a>.<br> -ipinaghimatày <i lang="en">was the cause of fainting</i> -<a href="#a88.32">88(32)</a>. <a href="#a250.3">250(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">matsìŋ <i lang="en">young monkey</i> -<a href="#a110.9">110(9)</a>.<br> -kamatsiŋàn <i lang="en">monkey-tricks</i> <a href= -"#a276.32">276(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">máy mé <i lang="en">there is</i>; <i lang= -"en">having</i>; <i lang="en">about</i> <a href="#a16.8">16(8)</a>. -<a href="#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href="#p69"><b>69</b></a>. <a href= -"#p110"><b>110</b></a>. <a href="#p138"><b>138</b></a>. <a href= -"#p252"><b>252</b></a>. <a href="#p331"><b>331</b></a>.<br> -máy áriʾ: nagmèmé-áriʾ -<i lang="en">has ownership</i> <a href="#a40.13">40(13)</a>.<br> -máy-roòn <i lang="en">same as</i> máy <a href= -"#a18.25">18(25)</a>. <a href="#p69"><b>69</b></a>. <a href= -"#p110"><b>110</b></a>. <a href="#p331"><b>331</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-máyaw: magkàmáyaw <i lang= -"en">harmonize</i> <a href="#a102.13">102(13)</a>. <a href= -"#a270.41">270(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mayèstro, <i lang="en">see</i> -maèstro.</p> -<p class="par">Maynílaʾ <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a50.2">50(2)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> báyan.</p> -<p class="par">médiko S. <i lang="en">physician</i> <a href= -"#a30.2">30(2)</a>.<br> -médiko-ŋ-maŋkukúlam <i lang= -"en">witch-doctor</i> <a href="#a42.21">42(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Migèl S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a255.33">255(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">milágro S. <i lang="en">miracle</i> <a href= -"#a74.32">74(32)</a>.<br> -nagmìmilágro <i lang="en">is working a miracle</i> -<a href="#a104.23">104(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">milagróso S. <i lang="en">miraculous</i> <a href= -"#a74.29">74(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">míle-nobisiyèntos-dòs S. <i lang= -"en">1902</i> <a href="#a34.27">34(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">milòn S. <i lang="en">melon</i> <a href= -"#a76.16">76(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mínsan <i lang="en">once</i> <a href= -"#a16.2">16(2)</a>. <a href="#a22.34">22(34)</a>. <a href= -"#p39"><b>39</b></a>. <a href="#p42"><b>42</b></a>. <a href= -"#p262.10"><b>262</b>(10)</a>.<br> -mínsanin <i lang="en">be done all at once</i> <a href= -"#a246.5">246(5)</a>.<br> -pamínsan-mínsan <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb378" -href="#pb378" name="pb378">378</a>]</span><i lang="en">once in a -while</i> <a href="#a68.10">68(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mésa S. <i lang="en">table</i> <a href= -"#a173.26">173(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mísa S. <i lang="en">mass</i> <a href= -"#a50.37">50(37)</a>.<br> -magmísa <i lang="en">say mass</i> <a href= -"#a96.26">96(26)</a>.<br> -nagmìmísa <i lang="en">says mass</i> <a href= -"#a96.4">96(4)</a>.<br> -pagmimísa <i lang="en">a saying mass</i> <a href= -"#a96.18">96(18)</a>.<br> -pagkamísa <i lang="en">a having said mass</i> <a href= -"#a98.19">98(19)</a>.<br> -makapagmísa <i lang="en">be able to say mass</i> <a href= -"#a96.14">96(14)</a>.<br> -magpamísa <i lang="en">have mass said</i> <a href= -"#a72.29">72(29)</a>.<br> -nagpamísa <i lang="en">had mass said</i> <a href= -"#a72.25">72(25)</a>.<br> -pagpapamísa <i lang="en">a having mass said</i> <a href= -"#a80.25">80(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mìsmo S. <i lang="en">himself</i> <a href= -"#a46.18">46(18)</a>. <a href="#a72.29">72(29)</a>. <a href= -"#p265"><b>265</b></a>(7).</p> -<p class="par">mítiŋ E. <i lang="en">meeting</i> <a href= -"#a236.18">236(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">miyèrkules S. <i lang="en">Wednesday</i> <a href= -"#a259.32">259(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mo <i lang="en">disj. of</i> ikàw: <i lang= -"en">by thee</i>; <i lang="en">of thee</i> <a href= -"#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p163"><b>163</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">mukhàʾ <i lang="en">face</i> <a href= -"#a24.23">24(23)</a>.<br> -kamukhàʾ <i lang="en">of the same appearance</i> <a href= -"#a266.14">266(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mulàʾ <i lang="en">from</i> <a href= -"#a16.7">16(7)</a>. <a href="#p284"><b>284</b></a>.<br> -magmulàʾ <i lang="en">start from</i> <a href= -"#a32.7">32(7)</a>. <a href="#p284"><b>284</b></a>.<br> -minulàn <i lang="en">was begun</i> <a href= -"#a283.9">283(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">muláwin <i lang="en">a tree</i>, <i lang= -"en">molave</i>, <i lang="la">Vitex littoralis Decne</i> <a href= -"#a263.27">263(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">mulìʾ <i lang="en">again</i> <a href= -"#a18.35">18(35)</a>. <a href="#a20.17">20(17)</a>. <a href= -"#p148"><b>148</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">múna <i lang="en">previously</i>, <i lang= -"en">first</i> <a href="#a40.6">40(6)</a>. <a href= -"#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p222"><b>222</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">mundò S. <i lang="en">world</i> <a href= -"#a50.18">50(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Mundò (S.) <i lang="en">short-n.</i> <a href= -"#a96.38">96(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">munisiliyò S. <i lang="en">sacristan</i> <a href= -"#a253.16">253(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">munisípiyo S. <i lang="en">town-hall</i> <a href= -"#a36.42">36(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">muntìʾ <i lang="en">little</i> <a href= -"#a174.6">174(6)</a>.<br> -kumuntìʾ <i lang="en">what almost-ness</i> <a href= -"#a174.4">174(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">múra (a) <i lang="en">cheap</i> <a href= -"#a219.7">219(7)</a>.<br> -minúra <i lang="en">was scolded</i> <a href= -"#a90.38">90(38)</a>.<br> -muráhan <i lang="en">be done cheaply</i> <a href= -"#a252.20">252(20)</a>.<br> -minuráhan <i lang="en">was sold too cheaply</i> <a href= -"#a252.19">252(19)</a>.<br> -pagmumùráhan <i lang="en">a making things cheap</i> -<a href="#a236.31">236(31)</a>.<br> -kamuráhan <i lang="en">cheapness</i> <a href= -"#a276.33">276(33)</a>.<br> -pinakamúra <i lang="en">cheapest</i> <a href= -"#a114.41">114(41)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">With accent-shift</i>: nagmurà <i lang= -"en">cursed</i> <a href="#a32.38">32(38)</a>.<br> -murahàn <i lang="en">mutual reviling</i> <a href= -"#a260.16">260(16)</a>.<br> -magmurahàn <i lang="en">revile each other</i> <a href= -"#a236.34">236(34)</a>.<br> -magmùmurahàn <i lang="en">will curse each other</i> -<a href="#a203.39">203(39)</a>.<br> -nagmùmurahàn <i lang="en">are reviling each other</i> -<a href="#a236.35">236(35)</a>.<br> -pagmumurahàn <i lang="en">a mutual reviling</i> <a href= -"#a236.37">236(37)</a>.<br> -kamurahàn <i lang="en">one of two who curse at each other</i> -<a href="#a278.22">278(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">múraʾ <i lang="en">unripe</i> <a href= -"#a22.38">22(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">músika S. <i lang="en">music</i> <a href= -"#a48.31">48(31)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> bandà.</p> -<p class="par">músiko S. <i lang="en">musician</i> <a href= -"#a110.31">110(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-muòʾ: ipinagkákamuòʾ -<i lang="en">is the cause of partial hardening</i> <a href= -"#a272.37">272(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">muwàŋ <i lang="en">information</i> <a href= -"#a82.6">82(6)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e99284" class="main">N</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p lang="en" class="par first">(See also <i lang="en">D, S, T</i>.)</p> -<p class="par">na ŋ m <i lang="en">attributive</i> <a href= -"#p15"><b>15</b></a>. <a href="#p20"><b>20</b></a>. <a href= -"#p37"><b>37</b></a>. <a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href= -"#p49"><b>49</b></a>. <a href="#p119"><b>119</b></a>. -<b>122–159</b> <i lang="en">and Syntax, passim</i>.</p> -<p class="par">nà <i lang="en">already</i> <a href= -"#a18.39">18(39)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p223"><b>223</b></a>. <a href="#p224"><b>224</b></a>. <a href= -"#p226"><b>226</b></a>. <a href="#p227"><b>227</b></a>. <a href= -"#p229"><b>229</b></a>. <a href="#p242"><b>242</b></a>. <a href= -"#p244"><b>244</b></a>. <a href="#p341"><b>341</b></a>(3,c). <a href= -"#p342"><b>342</b></a>. <a href="#p437"><b>437</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">nagígiŋ, <i lang="en">see</i> --gìŋ.</p> -<p class="par">-nagínip: panagínip <i lang="en">dream</i> -<a href="#a225.13">225(13)</a>.<br> -nanagínip <i lang="en">dreamt</i> <a href= -"#a240.21">240(21)</a>.<br> -nanànagínip <i lang="en">is dreaming</i> <a href= -"#a240.20">240(20)</a>.<br> -pananagínip <i lang="en">a dreaming</i> <a href= -"#a240.17">240(17)</a>.<br> -nàpanagínip <i lang="en">was dreamt</i> <a href= -"#a297.22">297(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">nagìŋ, <i lang="en">see</i> --gìŋ.</p> -<p class="par">nákaw <i lang="en">that stolen</i> <a href= -"#a221.9">221(9)</a>.<br> -numákaw <i lang="en">stole</i> <a href="#a32.39">32(39)</a>.<br> -pagnákaw <i lang="en">a stealing</i> <a href= -"#a104.1">104(1)</a>.<br> -magnákaw <i lang="en">commit theft</i> <a href= -"#a170.4">170(4)</a>. <a href="#a244.17">244(17)</a>.<br> -nagnákaw <i lang="en">did some stealing</i> <a href= -"#a155.41">155(41)</a>.<br> -pagnanákaw <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb379" href="#pb379" -name="pb379">379</a>]</span><i lang="en">thievery</i> <a href= -"#a38.2">38(2)</a>.<br> -magnanákaw <i lang="en">thief</i>, <i lang="en">robber</i> -<a href="#a36.29">36(29)</a>.<br> -nakáwin <i lang="en">be stolen</i> <a href= -"#a102.24">102(24)</a>.<br> -nànakáwin <i lang="en">will be stolen</i> <a href= -"#a32.35">32(35)</a>.<br> -ninákaw <i lang="en">was stolen</i> <a href= -"#a32.36">32(36)</a>.<br> -ninànákaw <i lang="en">is being stolen</i> <a href= -"#a102.24">102(24)</a>.<br> -pinagnakàw <i lang="en">was variously stolen</i> <a href= -"#a120.32">120(32)</a>.<br> -nakáwan <i lang="en">be stolen from</i> <a href= -"#a234.8">234(8)</a>.<br> -ninakáwan <i lang="en">was stolen from</i> <a href= -"#a252.22">252(22)</a>.<br> -nakawàn <i lang="en">robbery</i> <a href= -"#a178.37">178(37)</a>.<br> -nakapagnànákaw <i lang="en">is able to commit thefts</i> -<a href="#a102.17">102(17)</a>.<br> -mànákaw <i lang="en">get stolen</i> <a href= -"#a102.27">102(27)</a>.<br> -nànákaw <i lang="en">got stolen</i> <a href= -"#a102.27">102(27)</a>.<br> -mànakáwan <i lang="en">chance to be stolen from</i> -<a href="#a24.3">24(3)</a>.<br> -nànànakáwan <i lang="en">chances to be stolen -from</i> <a href="#a102.20">102(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">namàn <i lang="en">on the other hand</i>, -<i lang="en">however</i> <a href="#a22.32">22(32)</a>. <a href= -"#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p224"><b>224</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">námin, <i lang="en">see</i> ámin.</p> -<p class="par">nánay <i lang="en">mother</i> <a href= -"#a116.17">116(17)</a>. <a href="#p59"><b>59</b></a>.<br> -magnánay <i lang="en">mother and child</i> <a href= -"#a242.15">242(15)</a>.<br> -magnanánay <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a242.31">242(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">nàndon, <i lang="en">see</i> doòn.<br> -—naŋ, <i lang="en">see</i> aŋ.</p> -<p class="par">Narsíso S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a296.30">296(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">nása, nàsása, <i lang="en">see</i> -sa.<br> -—nátin, <i lang="en">see</i> -átin.</p> -<p class="par">-náog: manáog <i lang="en">come down from -one’s dwelling</i> <a href="#a264.23">264(23)</a>.<br> -nanáog <i lang="en">came down</i> <a href= -"#a38.16">38(16)</a>.<br> -nanànáog <i lang="en">is descending</i> <a href= -"#a100.25">100(25)</a>.<br> -panáog <i lang="en">come down</i> <a href= -"#a151.40">151(40)</a>.<br> -pagpanáog <i lang="en">a descending</i> <a href= -"#a302.20">302(20)</a>.<br> -magsìsipanáog <i lang="en">will descend</i>, <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a108.13">108(13)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipanáog <i lang="en">are descending</i> <a href= -"#a106.29">106(29)</a>.<br> -pinanaúgan <i lang="en">was come down from</i> <a href= -"#a308.18">308(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">nawàʾ, <i lang="en">see</i> -áwaʾ.<br> -—ni, <i lang="en">see</i> si.</p> -<p class="par">nì S. <i lang="en">nor</i>; <i lang="en">any</i>, -<i lang="en">and</i>, <i lang="en">and not</i> <a href= -"#a22.22">22(22)</a>. <a href="#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href= -"#p68"><b>68</b></a>. <a href="#p253"><b>253</b></a>. <a href= -"#p319"><b>319</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">nilà, <i lang="en">see</i> silà <i lang= -"en">and</i> sinà.<br> -—ninà, <i lang="en">see</i> sinà.<br> -—niniyò, <i lang="en">see</i> iniyò.<br> -—níno, <i lang="en">see</i> síno.</p> -<p class="par">niŋnìŋ <i lang="en">glow</i> <a href= -"#a40.16">40(16)</a>.<br> -nagníniŋnìŋ <i lang="en">glows</i> <a href= -"#a40.15">40(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">nirè, <i lang="en">see</i> irè.<br> -—nità, <i lang="en">see</i> kità.<br> -—nitò, <i lang="en">see</i> itò.<br> -—niyà, <i lang="en">see</i> siyà.<br> -—niyàn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyàn.<br> -—niyáyaʾ, <i lang="en">see</i> yáyaʾ.</p> -<p class="par">niyòg <i lang="en">cocoanut</i> <a href= -"#a24.1">24(1)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">See</i> púnoʾ,<br> -niyúgan <i lang="en">cocoanut-grove</i> <a href= -"#a259.3">259(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">niyòn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyòn.</p> -<p class="par">nobéla S. <i lang="en">novel</i> <a href= -"#a86.19">86(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">nóbiyo S. <i lang="en">fiancé</i> <a href= -"#a92.31">92(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">núnoʾ <i lang="en">ghost</i> <a href= -"#a34.32">34(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-noòd: nanúnoòd <i lang="en">is -looking on</i> <a href="#a48.36">48(36)</a>.<br> -nagsísipanoòd <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a48.29">48(29)</a>.<br> -panunoòd <i lang="en">a looking on</i> <a href= -"#a296.37">296(37)</a>.<br> -panoorìn <i lang="en">be looked at</i> <a href= -"#a108.29">108(29)</a>.<br> -pinanónoòd <i lang="en">is being looked at</i> <a href= -"#a108.32">108(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">noòn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyòn.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e99977" class="main">Ŋ</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p lang="en" class="par first">(See also <a href="#ixk">K</a>.)</p> -<p class="par">ŋ, <i lang="en">see</i> na.</p> -<p class="par">ŋàʾ <i lang="en">indeed</i>, <i lang= -"en">please</i> <a href="#a40.21">40(21)</a>. <a href= -"#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p226"><b>226</b></a>. <a href= -"#p229"><b>229</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">ŋálan <i lang="en">name</i> <a href= -"#a156.11">156(11)</a>.<br> -paŋálan <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a26.16">26(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ŋayòn <i lang="en">now</i>, <i lang= -"en">today</i> <a href="#a28.7">28(7)</a>. <a href= -"#p262"><b>262</b></a>(11). <a href="#p302"><b>302</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ŋitìʾ: -ŋumíŋitìʾ <i lang="en">is smiling</i> -<a href="#a228.26">228(26)</a>.<br> -nàŋìŋitìʾ <i lang="en">is -asmile</i> <a href="#a92.28">92(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-ŋiyàw: ŋumiyàw <i lang= -"en">mewed</i> <a href="#a84.27">84(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ŋúnit <i lang="en">but</i> <a href= -"#a30.6">30(6)</a>. <a href="#p320"><b>320</b></a>. <a href= -"#p322"><b>322</b></a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e100089" class="main">P (F)</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">pà <i lang="en">still</i>, <i lang= -"en">yet</i>, <i lang="en">more</i> <a href="#a24.16">24(16)</a>. -<a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href="#p226"><b>226</b></a>. <a href= -"#p243"><b>243</b></a>. <a href="#p248"><b>248</b></a>. <a href= -"#p314"><b>314</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">paà <i lang="en">foot</i>, <i lang="en">leg</i> -<a href="#a18.15">18(15)</a>.<br> -Paà-ŋ-bundòk <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a118.25">118(25)</a>.<br> -pinaahàn <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb380" href="#pb380" -name="pb380">380</a>]</span><i lang="en">was caught by the leg, hurt in -the leg</i> <a href="#a252.25">252(25)</a>.<br> -paanàn <i lang="en">be turned the feet to</i> <a href= -"#a252.29">252(29)</a>. <i lang="en">base</i>, <i lang="en">foot</i> -<a href="#a98.40">98(40)</a>.<br> -pinaanàn <i lang="en">was turned the feet to</i> <a href= -"#a252.27">252(27)</a>.<br> -paánan <i lang="en">base</i>, <i lang="en">foot</i> <a href= -"#a90.30">90(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Páblo S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a283.22">283(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">padèr S. <i lang="en">wall</i> <a href= -"#a52.11">52(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-padpàd: nápadpàd <i lang="en">was -cast by chance</i> <a href="#a96.2">96(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pag <i lang="en">when</i>, <i lang="en">if</i> <a href= -"#a32.13">32(13)</a>. <a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href= -"#p300"><b>300</b></a>. <a href="#p303"><b>303</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">pagakpàk <i lang="en">applause</i> <a href= -"#a219.41">219(41)</a>.<br> -pagakpakàn <i lang="en">be applauded</i> <a href= -"#a197.36">197(36)</a>.<br> -pàgakpákan <i lang="en">applause by many</i> <a href= -"#a257.40">257(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pagigìŋ, <i lang="en">see</i> --gìŋ.</p> -<p class="par">pagítan <i lang="en">place between</i>, <i lang= -"en">interval</i> <a href="#a258.31">258(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a271.17">271(17)</a>.<br> -pumagítan <i lang="en">took position between</i> <a href= -"#a228.26">228(26)</a>.<br> -pamamagítan <i lang="en">an acting as means</i> <a href= -"#a24.33">24(33)</a>. <a href="#a38.34">38(34)</a>.<br> -ipinagítan <i lang="en">was placed between</i> <a href= -"#a248.25">248(25)</a>.<br> -nàpàpagítan <i lang="en">is between</i> <a href= -"#a171.21">171(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pagkà <i lang="en">as soon as</i>, <i lang= -"en">after</i>, <i lang="en">when</i> <a href="#a181.27">181(27)</a>. -<a href="#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href="#p296"><b>296</b></a>. <a href= -"#p300"><b>300</b></a>. <a href="#p304"><b>304</b></a>. <a href= -"#p306"><b>306</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">pagkìt <i lang="en">wax</i> <a href= -"#a221.11">221(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">págod <i lang="en">weariness</i> <a href= -"#a76.1">76(1)</a>.<br> -pagòd <i lang="en">tired</i> <a href="#a66.33">66(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pagòŋ <i lang="en">turtle</i> <a href= -"#a16.1">16(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Páhoʾ <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a120.11">120(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páin <i lang="en">bait</i> <a href= -"#a108.14">108(14)</a>.<br> -pagpapáin <i lang="en">a catching with bait</i> <a href= -"#a108.39">108(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pákay <i lang="en">purpose</i>, <i lang= -"en">aim</i> <a href="#a50.33">50(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pákoʾ <i lang="en">nail</i> <a href= -"#a218.38">218(38)</a>.<br> -páko ŋ babàʾ: -mapagpáko-m-babàʾ <i lang="en">over-modest</i> -<a href="#a289.28">289(28)</a>.<br> -pakuàn <i lang="en">nailing-place</i> <a href= -"#a260.20">260(20)</a>.<br> -nàpàpákoʾ <i lang="en">is nailed</i> <a href= -"#a20.24">20(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pakuwàn <i lang="en">watermelon</i> <a href= -"#a203.37">203(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">palà <i lang="en">but otherwise</i> <a href= -"#a209.25">209(25)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p228"><b>228</b></a>. <a href="#p301"><b>301</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">pálaʾ <i lang="en">gift</i>, <i lang= -"en">prize</i>, <i lang="en">favor</i> <a href="#a90.12">90(12)</a>. -<i lang="en">See</i> gantì.</p> -<p class="par">pálad <i lang="en">palm of hand</i> <a href= -"#a106.37">106(37)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> kasamaàn, -kasawiàn, sawìʾ.<br> -nagkapálad <i lang="en">had good fortune</i> <a href= -"#a34.3">34(3)</a>. <a href="#a78.38">78(38)</a>.<br> -nagkàkapálad <i lang="en">has the good fortune</i> -<a href="#a40.24">40(24)</a>.<br> -kapaláran <i lang="en">fortune</i> <a href= -"#a60.17">60(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">palakàʾ <i lang="en">frog</i> <a href= -"#a228.11">228(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">palakòl <i lang="en">hatchet</i> <a href= -"#a240.5">240(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">palànsa plànsa (S.) <i lang= -"en">flat-iron</i> <a href="#a212.32">212(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a227.42">227(42)</a>.<br> -pinalànsa <i lang="en">was ironed</i> <a href= -"#a244.30">244(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">palásiyo S. <i lang="en">palace</i> <a href= -"#a26.26">26(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">palatòn S. <i lang="en">dish</i> <a href= -"#a193.3">193(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pálay <i lang="en">rice, standing or in hull</i> -<a href="#a163.19">163(19)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> bantày, -tánod.</p> -<p class="par">palayòk <i lang="en">earthenware pot</i> <a href= -"#a74.5">74(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">palibhásaʾ <i lang="en">for the reason</i>, -<i lang="en">because</i> <a href="#a54.20">54(20)</a>. <a href= -"#p265"><b>265</b></a>(8).</p> -<p class="par">palìt <i lang="en">exchange</i> <a href= -"#a148.26">148(26)</a>.<br> -pinalitàn <i lang="en">was supplanted</i> <a href= -"#a104.12">104(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páloʾ <i lang="en">hit</i>, <i lang= -"en">strike</i> <a href="#a183.25">183(25)</a>.<br> -pamáloʾ <i lang="en">club</i>, <i lang="en">cudgel</i> -<a href="#a70.16">70(16)</a>.<br> -palúin <i lang="en">be caned</i> <a href= -"#a195.35">195(35)</a>.<br> -ikinàpáloʾ <i lang="en">was the cause of getting -thrashed</i> <a href="#a273.34">273(34)</a>.<br> -pagkàpáloʾ <i lang="en">a thrashing that was got</i> -<a href="#a272.16">272(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páloŋ <i lang="en">comb of rooster</i> -<a href="#a291.16">291(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">famíliya S. <i lang="en">family</i> <a href= -"#a54.4">54(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pampàŋga S. <i lang="en">place-n.</i> -<a href="#a173.9">173(9)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> lalawígan, -provìnsiya.</p> -<p class="par">pánaʾ <i lang="en">arrow</i> <a href= -"#a228.28">228(28)</a>.<br> -pumánaʾ <i lang="en">shot an arrow at</i> <a href= -"#a228.28">228(28)</a>.<br> -pinánaʾ <i lang="en">was shot with an arrow</i> <a href= -"#a244.31">244(31)</a>.<br> -nakàpánaʾ <i lang="en">chanced to hit with an -arrow</i> <a href="#a291.32">291(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">panahòn <i lang="en">time</i> <a href= -"#a34.25">34(25)</a>. <a href="#a50.5">50(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a52.32">52(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pánaw: pumánaw <i lang="en">departed</i> -<a href="#a228.29">228(29)</a>.<br> -pumàpánaw <i lang="en">is departing</i> <a href= -"#a92.25">92(25)</a>.<br> -pagpánaw <i lang="en">a departing</i> <a href= -"#a114.17">114(17)</a>.<br> -pinanáwan <i lang="en">was parted from</i> <a href= -"#a92.27">92(27)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb381" href= -"#pb381" name="pb381">381</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">panày <i lang="en">constant</i> <a href= -"#a72.20">72(20)</a>. <a href="#a82.6">82(6)</a>.<br> -kapanayàn <i lang="en">continuance</i> <a href= -"#a276.34">276(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-panhìk: pumanhìk <i lang="en">entered (a -dwelling)</i>, <i lang="en">went up into (a house)</i> <a href= -"#a38.27">38(27)</a>. <a href="#a72.8">72(8)</a>.<br> -pumápanhìk <i lang="en">is entering</i> <a href= -"#a106.9">106(9)</a>.<br> -pinanhikàn <i lang="en">was entered</i> <a href= -"#a175.41">175(41)</a>.<br> -mápanhìk <i lang="en">get in</i> <a href= -"#a106.15">106(15)</a>.<br> -pagkápanhìk <i lang="en">a getting in</i> <a href= -"#a72.9">72(9)</a>.<br> -pinapanhikàn <i lang="en">was caused to be entered</i> <a href= -"#a52.14">52(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">paníki <i lang="en">bat</i> <a href= -"#a210.26">210(26)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> báhay.</p> -<p class="par">paniyò S. <i lang="en">handkerchief</i> <a href= -"#a147.1">147(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pansìn <i lang="en">noticeable</i> <a href= -"#a219.8">219(8)</a>.<br> -pansinìn <i lang="en">be paid attention to</i> <a href= -"#a46.1">46(1)</a>.<br> -pàpansinìn <i lang="en">will be minded</i> <a href= -"#a96.35">96(35)</a>.<br> -pinansìn <i lang="en">was paid attention to</i> <a href= -"#a20.41">20(41)</a>. <a href="#a94.2">94(2)</a>.<br> -pinápansìn <i lang="en">is being paid attention to</i> -<a href="#a54.19">54(19)</a>.<br> -nàpàpansìn <i lang="en">gets noticed</i> <a href= -"#a100.19">100(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pantày <i lang="en">leveled</i> <a href= -"#a223.32">223(32)</a>.<br> -pantày-kawáyan height <i lang="en">of a bamboo-plant</i> -<a href="#a218.28">218(28)</a>.<br> -pantày-pantày <i lang="en">even</i>, <i lang="en">all -level</i> <a href="#a118.30">118(30)</a>. <a href= -"#a291.5">291(5)</a>.<br> -kapantày <i lang="en">of the same height</i> <a href= -"#a173.28">173(28)</a>.<br> -magkapantày <i lang="en">both of the same height</i> <a href= -"#a270.3">270(3)</a>.<br> -kasiŋpantày <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a104.6">104(6)</a>. <a href="#a315.1">315(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páno, <i lang="en">see</i> anò.<br> -—panukálaʾ, <i lang="en">see</i> -akálaʾ.</p> -<p class="par">panòt <i lang="en">bald-headed</i> <a href= -"#a219.10">219(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-paŋàw: nakapaŋàw <i lang= -"en">is pilloried</i> <a href="#a110.5">110(5)</a>.<br> -naŋàpàpaŋàw <i lang="en">have got into -the pillory</i> <a href="#a110.9">110(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">paŋinoòn <i lang="en">master</i> <a href= -"#a62.39">62(39)</a>. <a href="#a86.31">86(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a226.3">226(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">paŋkàt <i lang="en">group</i>, <i lang= -"en">team</i> <a href="#a46.34">46(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a76.21">76(21)</a>. <a href="#a110.31">110(31)</a>.<br> -paŋkàt-paŋkàt <i lang="en">group by group</i> -<a href="#a110.30">110(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">paŋnàn <i lang="en">hand-basket</i> <a href= -"#a261.40">261(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">paŋpàŋ <i lang="en">bank of stream</i> -<a href="#a28.13">28(13)</a>.<br> -Kapampáŋan <i lang="en">Pampanga</i> <a href= -"#a189.23">189(23)</a>.<br> -Kakapampaŋánan <i lang="en">the Pampanga country</i> -<a href="#a277.12">277(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">papáno, <i lang="en">see</i> anò.<br> -—pápasa, <i lang="en">see</i> sa.</p> -<p class="par">papáya S. <i lang="en">papaw</i> <a href= -"#a163.18">163(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">papèl S. <i lang="en">paper</i> <a href= -"#a50.39">50(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pára <i lang="en">like</i> <a href= -"#a36.12">36(12)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>. <a href= -"#p275"><b>275</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">parà pára S. <i lang="en">for</i> <a href= -"#a90.11">90(11)</a>. <a href="#p286"><b>286</b></a>. <a href= -"#p288"><b>288</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">páraŋ <i lang="en">forest</i> <a href= -"#a62.29">62(29)</a>.<br> -kaparáŋan <i lang="en">wooded regions</i> <a href= -"#a82.36">82(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páriʾ S. <i lang="en">priest</i>, <i lang= -"en">Father</i> <a href="#a20.4">20(4)</a>. <a href= -"#p256"><b>256</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">parého S. <i lang="en">equal</i> <a href= -"#a257.42">257(42)</a>.<br> -paré-parého <i lang="en">all equal</i> <a href= -"#a40.13">40(13)</a>. <a href="#a224.1">224(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Parìs S. <i lang="en">Paris</i> <a href= -"#a220.31">220(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">partè S. <i lang="en">part</i> <a href= -"#a82.21">82(21)</a>.<br> -kapartè <i lang="en">share</i> <a href="#a16.6">16(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-parò: parù-parò <i lang= -"en">butterfly</i> <a href="#a88.24">88(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pása, <i lang="en">see</i> sa.</p> -<p class="par">pasàʾ <i lang="en">bruise</i> <a href= -"#a62.27">62(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pásak <i lang="en">that calked with</i> <a href= -"#a221.10">221(10)</a>.<br> -pasakàn <i lang="en">calking-place</i> <a href= -"#a260.23">260(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pasàn <i lang="en">that carried on the -shoulders</i> <a href="#a98.36">98(36)</a>.<br> -pumápasàn <i lang="en">carries on the shoulders</i> -<a href="#a22.32">22(32)</a>.<br> -pàpasanìn <i lang="en">will be carried on the -shoulder</i> <a href="#a104.34">104(34)</a>.<br> -pinasàn <i lang="en">was carried on the shoulder</i> <a href= -"#a104.38">104(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pasífiko S. <i lang="en">Pacific</i> <a href= -"#a259.1">259(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pásig <i lang="en">the Pasig</i>; <i lang= -"en">see</i> ílog.</p> -<p class="par">pasígan <i lang="en">beach</i> <a href= -"#a16.4">16(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pasiyàl (S.): magpasiyàl <i lang= -"en">take a walk</i> <a href="#a32.2">32(2)</a>.<br> -magsipagpasiyàl <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a32.13">32(13)</a>.<br> -magpápasiyàl <i lang="en">will take a walk</i> <a href= -"#a232.28">232(28)</a>.<br> -magsísipagpasiyàl <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a32.15">32(15)</a>.<br> -nagpasiyàl <i lang="en">took a walk</i> <a href= -"#a182.7">182(7)</a>.<br> -nagsipagpasiyàl <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a279.1">279(1)</a>.<br> -nakapagpasiyàl <i lang="en">was able to take a walk</i> <a href= -"#a200.14">200(14)</a>.<br> -papasí-pasiyàl <i lang="en">walking about at -intervals</i> <a href="#a96.6">96(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pasiyènsiya S.: magpasiyènsiya <i lang= -"en">rest content</i> <a href="#a56.8">56(8)</a>. <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb382" href="#pb382" name="pb382">382</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">-paséyo S.: nagpàpaséyo <i lang= -"en">forms a procession</i> <a href="#a48.40">48(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">paskò S. <i lang="en">Easter</i>; <i lang= -"en">Christmas</i> <a href="#a220.24">220(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pastòl (S.) <i lang="en">herdsman</i> <a href= -"#a116.7">116(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pásoʾ <i lang="en">a burn</i> <a href= -"#a220.1">220(1)</a>.<br> -pasòʾ <i lang="en">burnt</i>; <i lang="en">pottery</i> -<a href="#a222.40">222(40)</a>.<br> -pumásoʾ <i lang="en">burned</i> <a href= -"#a228.30">228(30)</a>.<br> -mamásoʾ <i lang="en">a blister</i> <a href= -"#a241.39">241(39)</a>. <a href="#a244.12">244(12)</a>.<br> -namásoʾ <i lang="en">scorched</i> <a href= -"#a240.21">240(21)</a>.<br> -napásoʾ <i lang="en">has been burned</i> <a href= -"#a284.41">284(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pások: pumások <i lang="en">go in</i>, -<i lang="en">enter</i> <a href="#a78.30">78(30)</a>. <i lang="en">went -in</i> <a href="#a30.17">30(17)</a>. <a href="#a38.31">38(31)</a>. -<a href="#a50.19">50(19)</a>.<br> -pumàpások <i lang="en">enters</i> <a href= -"#a42.13">42(13)</a>.<br> -pàpások <i lang="en">will go in</i> <a href= -"#a192.5">192(5)</a>.<br> -pagpások <i lang="en">a going in</i> <a href= -"#a42.12">42(12)</a>. <a href="#a96.26">96(26)</a>.<br> -pasúkin <i lang="en">be violently entered</i> <a href= -"#a262.19">262(19)</a>.<br> -pinások <i lang="en">was illicitly entered</i> <a href= -"#a237.41">237(41)</a>.<br> -pinàpások <i lang="en">is being penetrated</i> <a href= -"#a118.30">118(30)</a>.<br> -pinasúkan <i lang="en">was entered</i> <a href= -"#a36.36">36(36)</a>.<br> -makapások <i lang="en">be able to enter</i> <a href= -"#a74.31">74(31)</a>.<br> -makapàpások <i lang="en">will be able to enter</i> -<a href="#a22.4">22(4)</a>.<br> -nakapások <i lang="en">was able to enter</i> <a href= -"#a80.2">80(2)</a>. <a href="#a116.21">116(21)</a>.<br> -pagkapások <i lang="en">a having gone in</i> <a href= -"#a38.32">38(32)</a>.<br> -pagkàpások <i lang="en">the way of getting put in</i> -<a href="#a291.11">291(11)</a>.<br> -màipások <i lang="en">get put in</i> <a href= -"#a108.41">108(41)</a>.<br> -nàpasúkan <i lang="en">chanced to be come upon in -entering</i> <a href="#a297.37">297(37)</a>.<br> -papások <i lang="en">going in</i>; <i lang="en">asking to be -taken in</i>; <i lang="en">ask to be taken in</i> <a href= -"#a204.22">204(22)</a>. <a href="#a299.29">299(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a301.24">301(24)</a>.<br> -papàpások <i lang="en">will ask to be taken in</i> -<a href="#a301.40">301(40)</a>.<br> -pagpapapások <i lang="en">a causing to enter</i> <a href= -"#a272.39">272(39)</a>.<br> -papasúkin <i lang="en">be caused to enter</i> <a href= -"#a72.26">72(26)</a>. <a href="#a80.30">80(30)</a>.<br> -mapapàpások <i lang="en">will ask to be taken in</i> -<a href="#a311.34">311(34)</a>.<br> -napapások <i lang="en">caused himself to be taken in</i>; -<i lang="en">was able to be caused to enter</i> <a href= -"#a311.23">311(23.32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pátag: ikinàpátag <i lang= -"en">chanced to be the cause of staying quiet</i> <a href= -"#a116.11">116(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">patàk <i lang="en">a drop</i> <a href= -"#a96.29">96(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">patày <i lang="en">dead person</i> <a href= -"#a20.8">20(8)</a>. <a href="#a38.25">38(25)</a>.<br> -pamatày <i lang="en">used for killing</i> <a href= -"#a225.15">225(15)</a>.<br> -pamatày-kúto <i lang="en">louse-killer</i>, <i lang= -"en">thumb</i> <a href="#a225.15">225(15)</a>.<br> -pumatày (<i lang="en">arch.</i> matày) <i lang= -"en">kill</i> <a href="#a231.2">231(2)</a>.<br> -pagpatày <i lang="en">a killing</i> <a href= -"#a227.4">227(4)</a>.<br> -patayìn pataìn <i lang="en">be killed</i> <a href= -"#a84.22">84(22)</a>.<br> -pàpatayìn pàpataìn <i lang="en">will be -killed</i> <a href="#a28.20">28(20)</a>. <a href= -"#a44.16">44(16)</a>.<br> -pinatày <i lang="en">was killed</i> <a href= -"#a244.33">244(33)</a>.<br> -patayàn <i lang="en">be killed for</i> <a href= -"#a252.32">252(32)</a>.<br> -pinagpatayàn <i lang="en">was killed in</i> <a href= -"#a274.31">274(31)</a>.<br> -pàtáyan <i lang="en">mortal combat</i>; <i lang= -"en">slaughter-house</i> <a href="#a190.15">190(15)</a>. <a href= -"#a259.3">259(3)</a>.<br> -kapàpatayàn <i lang="en">will be the place of killing</i> -<a href="#a279.18">279(18)</a>.<br> -kapàtáyan <i lang="en">one of two who kill each other</i> -<a href="#a277.42">277(42)</a>.<br> -mapatày <i lang="en">be able to be killed</i> <a href= -"#a283.35">283(35)</a>.<br> -napatày <i lang="en">has been killed</i> <a href= -"#a284.14">284(14)</a>.<br> -pagkapatày <i lang="en">a having killed</i> <a href= -"#a282.35">282(35)</a>.<br> -mápatày <i lang="en">get killed</i> <a href= -"#a36.19">36(19)</a>. <a href="#a293.42">293(42)</a>.<br> -màpàpatày <i lang="en">will get killed</i> -<a href="#a18.12">18(12)</a>.<br> -nápatày <i lang="en">got killed</i> <a href= -"#a26.12">26(12)</a>. <a href="#a38.3">38(3)</a>. <a href= -"#a84.28">84(28)</a>.<br> -pagkápatày <i lang="en">a chance killing</i> <a href= -"#a291.12">291(12)</a>. <a href="#a292.15">292(15)</a>.<br> -ipinapápatày <i lang="en">is being caused to be -extinguished</i> <a href="#a122.6">122(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">patì <i lang="en">also</i>, <i lang="en">even</i> -<a href="#a110.34">110(34)</a>. <a href="#a112.20">112(20)</a>. -<a href="#p68"><b>68</b></a>. <a href="#p305"><b>305</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">patìd <i lang="en">a breaking</i>, <i lang= -"en">an interruption</i> <a href="#a42.4">42(4)</a>. <a href= -"#a44.42">44(42)</a>. <a href="#a58.1">58(1)</a>. <i lang= -"en">broken</i> <a href="#a223.33">223(33)</a>.<br> -pumatìd <i lang="en">break</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> <a href= -"#a228.31">228(31)</a>.<br> -kapatìd <i lang="en">broken from the same piece</i>; <i lang= -"en">brother</i>, <i lang="en">sister</i> <a href="#a32.8">32(8)</a>. -<a href="#a266.16">266(16)</a>.<br> -kapatìd-koŋkristiyános <i lang= -"en">brother-Christians</i> <a href="#a50.22">50(22)</a>. <a href= -"#a210.16">210(16)</a>.<br> -magkapatìd <i lang="en">two brothers or sisters</i>, <i lang= -"en">brother and sister</i> <a href="#a46.20">46(20)</a>.<br> -magkakapatìd <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a270.14">270(14)</a>.<br> -kinákapatìd <i lang="en">child of one’s -godparents</i> <a href="#a271.30">271(30)</a>.<br> -magkinákapatìd <i lang="en">two people, one of whom is -the child of <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb383" href="#pb383" name= -"pb383">383</a>]</span>the other’s godparents</i> <a href= -"#a271.31">271(31)</a>.<br> -magkikinákapatìd <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a271.32">271(32)</a>.<br> -kapàpatiràn <i lang="en">will be the place of -breaking</i> <a href="#a274.29">274(29)</a>.<br> -kinapatiràn <i lang="en">was the place of breaking</i> <a href= -"#a274.27">274(27)</a>.<br> -kapàtíran <i lang="en">one of two who break together</i> -<a href="#a277.43">277(43)</a>.<br> -mapatìd <i lang="en">break off</i>, <i lang="en">cease</i> -<a href="#a60.9">60(9)</a>.<br> -napatìd <i lang="en">broke off</i> <a href= -"#a78.16">78(16)</a>.<br> -napatiràn <i lang="en">was broken in</i>, <i lang="en">suffered -a fracture</i> <a href="#a88.28">88(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">patìs <i lang="en">shrimp-sauce</i> <a href= -"#a259.5">259(5)</a>.<br> -patisàn <i lang="en">be spiced with shrimp-sauce</i> <a href= -"#a252.33">252(33)</a>.<br> -pàtísan <i lang="en">cannery for shrimp-sauce</i> -<a href="#a259.5">259(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pátiyo S. <i lang="en">court-yard</i> <a href= -"#a98.20">98(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Patrísiyo S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a275.28">275(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">patrúliya S. <i lang="en">patrol</i> <a href= -"#a122.20">122(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páto S. <i lang="en">duck</i> <a href= -"#a116.38">116(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">patumaŋgàʾ <i lang="en">regard</i>, -<i lang="en">consideration</i> <a href="#a22.24">22(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pátuŋ: nàpàpátuŋ -<i lang="en">is placed on</i> <a href="#a116.1">116(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Patúpat <i lang="en">derisive</i> <i lang= -"en">n.</i> <a href="#a50.3">50(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-páwiʾ: pawìʾ <i lang= -"en">allayed</i> <a href="#a222.42">222(42)</a>.<br> -nakapàpáwiʾ <i lang="en">will allay</i> <a href= -"#a28.35">28(35)</a>. <a href="#a280.37">280(37)</a>.<br> -napáwiʾ <i lang="en">has subsided</i> <a href= -"#a279.34">279(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páwid <i lang="en">nipa fibre</i> <a href= -"#a30.37">30(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-páwis: pumàpáwis <i lang="en">is -sweating</i> <a href="#a22.8">22(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-páyag: pumáyag <i lang="en">consent</i> -<a href="#a30.5">30(5)</a>. <i lang="en">consented</i> <a href= -"#a18.29">18(29)</a>.<br> -pumàpáyag <i lang="en">consents</i> <a href= -"#a228.34">228(34)</a>.<br> -ipináyag <i lang="en">was granted</i> <a href= -"#a248.26">248(26)</a>.<br> -pinayágan <i lang="en">was agreed to</i> <a href= -"#a252.33">252(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">payápaʾ <i lang="en">tranquil</i> <a href= -"#a219.11">219(11)</a>.<br> -kapayapaàn <i lang="en">tranquility</i> <a href= -"#a116.9">116(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páyo <i lang="en">advice</i> <a href= -"#a52.24">52(24)</a>.<br> -ipináyo <i lang="en">was suggested</i> <a href= -"#a28.36">28(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">páyoŋ <i lang="en">umbrella</i> <a href= -"#a166.27">166(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pédro S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a20.2">20(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pígil <i lang="en">that restrained</i> <a href= -"#a134.28">134(28)</a>.<br> -pigìl <i lang="en">under control</i> <a href= -"#a223.1">223(1)</a>.<br> -nagsipígil <i lang="en">controlled</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a282.14">282(14)</a>.<br> -pigílin <i lang="en">be brought under control</i> <a href= -"#a66.23">66(23)</a>.<br> -nàpigílan <i lang="en">got restrained</i> <a href= -"#a66.17">66(17)</a>. <a href="#a100.36">100(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-píhit: pumìpíhit <i lang= -"en">turns round</i> <a href="#a68.10">68(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pího <i lang="en">surely</i> <a href= -"#a18.11">18(11)</a>.<br> -piního <i lang="en">was ascertained</i> <a href= -"#a44.33">44(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">piklàt <i lang="en">scar</i> <a href= -"#a219.9">219(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pìknik E. <i lang="en">picnic</i> <a href= -"#a235.34">235(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">píko S. <i lang="en">a pick</i> <a href= -"#a58.33">58(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-píliʾ: pumíliʾ <i lang= -"en">chose</i> <a href="#a228.34">228(34)</a>.<br> -mamíliʾ <i lang="en">choose out</i> <a href= -"#a16.24">16(24)</a>.<br> -namíliʾ <i lang="en">selected</i> <a href= -"#a186.20">186(20)</a>.<br> -piníliʾ <i lang="en">was chosen</i> <a href= -"#a244.34">244(34)</a>.<br> -màpíliʾ <i lang="en">get chosen</i> <a href= -"#a241.34">241(34)</a>.<br> -nàpìpíliʾ <i lang="en">is preferred</i> -<a href="#a293.21">293(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pilìk <i lang="en">fin</i>, <i lang="en">lash</i> -<a href="#a210.30">210(30)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e102528" -title="Not in source">.</span> <i lang="en">Corrigenda</i>.<br> -pilìk-matà <i lang="en">eyelash</i> <a href= -"#a210.30">210(30)</a>. <i lang="en">Corrigenda.</i><br> -pilikàn <i lang="en">have the fins removed</i> <a href= -"#a252.34">252(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">píliŋ <i lang="en">side</i>, <i lang= -"en">proximity</i> <a href="#a90.8">90(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Felípe S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a208.1">208(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Filipínas S. <i lang="en">the Philippines</i> -<a href="#a40.2">40(2)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> kapuluàn.</p> -<p class="par">-pílit: pumílit <i lang="en">effected by -trying hard</i> <a href="#a228.37">228(37)</a>.<br> -pumìpílit <i lang="en">is trying hard</i> <a href= -"#a228.35">228(35)</a>.<br> -pagpílit <i lang="en">a trying hard</i> <a href= -"#a64.1">64(1)</a>.<br> -nagpílit <i lang="en">tried very hard</i> <a href= -"#a44.5">44(5)</a>. <a href="#a50.14">50(14)</a>.<br> -nagpìpílit <i lang="en">tries very hard</i> <a href= -"#a44.20">44(20)</a>. <a href="#a234.17">234(17)</a>.<br> -nagpùpumílit <i lang="en">is making an extreme effort</i> -<a href="#a168.14">168(14)</a>. <a href="#a235.32">235(32)</a>.<br> -pilítin <i lang="en">be striven for</i> <a href= -"#a18.17">18(17)</a>. <a href="#a184.35">184(35)</a>.<br> -pinílit <i lang="en">was compelled</i> <a href= -"#a244.35">244(35)</a>.<br> -pagpilítan <i lang="en">was striven for</i> <a href= -"#a297.2">297(2)</a>.<br> -napìpilítan <i lang="en">is compelled</i> <a href= -"#a112.28">112(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pelóta S. <i lang="en">ball</i> <a href= -"#a48.11">48(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pínsan <i lang="en">cousin</i> <a href= -"#p39"><b>39</b></a>. <a href="#p42"><b>42</b></a>.<br> -magpipínsan <i lang="en">group of cousins</i> <a href= -"#a242.32">242(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pintà S. <i lang="en">paint</i>, <i lang= -"en">painting</i> <a href="#a219.12">219(12)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb384" href="#pb384" name= -"pb384">384</a>]</span>pintahàn <i lang="en">be painted</i> -<a href="#a252.35">252(35)</a>.<br> -pintáhan <i lang="en">place for paint</i>; <i lang="en">see</i> -báhay.</p> -<p class="par">pintàs <i lang="en">that found fault with</i> -<a href="#a221.13">221(13)</a>.<br> -pintasàn <i lang="en">be found fault with</i> <a href= -"#a252.36">252(36)</a>.<br> -pintásan <i lang="en">mutual fault-finding</i> <a href= -"#a257.42">257(42)</a>.<br> -kapintásan <i lang="en">reprehensible quality</i> <a href= -"#a310.40">310(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pintòʾ <i lang="en">door</i> <a href= -"#a78.30">78(30)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> bantày.<br> -pintúan <i lang="en">doorway</i> <a href="#a22.2">22(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">piŋgà <i lang="en">carrying-pole</i> -<a href="#a158.12">158(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">piŋgàn <i lang="en">dishes</i> <a href= -"#a114.7">114(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pípa S. <i lang="en">cigarette-mouthpiece</i> -<a href="#a249.29">249(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pépe S. <i lang="en">short-n.</i> <a href= -"#a279.5">279(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pípe <i lang="en">dumb</i> <a href= -"#a86.23">86(23)</a>.<br> -napípe <i lang="en">became dumb</i> <a href= -"#a285.28">285(28)</a>.<br> -pagkapípe <i lang="en">dumbness</i> <a href= -"#a86.23">86(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pipíno S. <i lang="en">cucumber</i> <a href= -"#a76.16">76(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pipìt <i lang="en">stone-sparrow</i> <a href= -"#a197.21">197(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">péras S. <i lang="en">pears</i> <a href= -"#a189.16">189(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">piráso (S.) <i lang="en">piece broken off</i><br> -piráso-ŋ-káhoy <i lang="en">piece of wood</i> -<a href="#a56.38">56(38)</a>.<br> -piráso-ŋ-lamàn <i lang="en">piece of meat</i> -<span class="corr" id="xd21e102895" title="Source: 108 42"><a href= -"#a108.42">108(42)</a></span> <i lang="en">Corrigenda.</i><br> -pirasúhin <i lang="en">be broken off</i> <a href= -"#a252.6">252(6)</a>.<br> -mapiráso <i lang="en">go to pieces</i> <a href= -"#a300.19">300(19)</a>.<br> -napiráso <i lang="en">went to pieces</i> <a href= -"#a284.42">284(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pirìnsa (S.) <i lang="en">flat-iron</i> <a href= -"#a212.32">212(32)</a>.<br> -pinirìnsa <i lang="en">was ironed</i> <a href= -"#a223.4">223(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Píro (S.) <i lang="en">n.</i>, <i lang= -"en">for</i> Pédro. <a href="#a138.28">138(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">píso S. <i lang="en">peso</i>, <i lang= -"en">half-dollar</i> <a href="#a102.38">102(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pitàg: pìtágan <i lang= -"en">respect</i> <a href="#a118.9">118(9)</a>.<br> -pinagpìpìtagánan <i lang="en">is being -respected</i> <a href="#a256.8">256(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pítak <i lang="en">section</i> <a href= -"#a247.11">247(11)</a>.<br> -pinítak <i lang="en">section of rice-field</i> <a href= -"#a247.10">247(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pitàs: pumitàs <i lang="en">pick</i>, -<i lang="en">pluck</i> <a href="#a22.35">22(35)</a>. <i lang= -"en">picked</i> <a href="#a282.40">282(40)</a>.<br> -pitasìn <i lang="en">be picked</i> <a href= -"#a244.36">244(36)</a>.<br> -pìpitasìn <i lang="en">will be picked</i> <a href= -"#a22.37">22(37)</a>.<br> -pamìmitasìn <i lang="en">will be picked selectively, in -quantity</i> <a href="#a247.2">247(2)</a>.<br> -pinamímitàs <i lang="en">is being gathered</i> <a href= -"#a246.42">246(42)</a>.<br> -pitasàn <i lang="en">be picked from</i> <a href= -"#a252.37">252(37)</a>.<br> -pamitasàn <i lang="en">be gathered from</i> <a href= -"#a256.36">256(36)</a>.<br> -pamìmitasàn <i lang="en">will be gathered from</i> -<a href="#a256.38">256(38)</a>.<br> -nagpìtásan <i lang="en">picked together</i> <a href= -"#a236.17">236(17)</a>.<br> -napitàs <i lang="en">has been picked</i> <a href= -"#a284.43">284(43)</a>.<br> -nápitàs <i lang="en">got picked</i> <a href= -"#a293.22">293(22)</a>.<br> -nàpìpitàs <i lang="en">is picked</i> <a href= -"#a24.16">24(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pitìk <i lang="en">fillip</i> <a href= -"#a225.14">225(14)</a>.<br> -pamitìk <i lang="en">single rein</i> <a href= -"#a72.1">72(1)</a>.<br> -pumitìk <i lang="en">give a fillip</i> <a href= -"#a228.37">228(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Pétra S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a240.29">240(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">fétsa S. <i lang="en">date</i> <a href= -"#a271.16">271(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pitsòn S. <i lang="en">pigeon</i> <a href= -"#a252.32">252(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">píto S. <i lang="en">small flute</i>, <i lang= -"en">whistle</i> <a href="#a227.39">227(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pitò <i lang="en">seven</i> <a href= -"#a20.5">20(5)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>.<br> -pitò ŋ pùʾ: -pamitò-ŋ-pùʾ <i lang="en">number seventy</i> -<a href="#a225.42">225(42)</a>.<br> -pamitò <i lang="en">number seven</i> <a href= -"#a225.38">225(38)</a>.<br> -ikapitò <i lang="en">seventh</i> <a href="#a32.4">32(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">piyáno S. <i lang="en">piano</i> <a href= -"#a167.21">167(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">fiyèsta piyèsta S. <i lang="en">fiesta</i> -<a href="#a98.35">98(35)</a>. <a href="#a137.37">137(37)</a>.<br> -kapiyestáhan <i lang="en">holiday</i> <a href= -"#a110.11">110(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">plànsa, <i lang="en">see</i> palànsa.</p> -<p class="par">Pransìsko S. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a50.20">50(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">presidènte S. <i lang="en">magistrate</i> -<a href="#a38.1">38(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-prubà S.: prubahàn <i lang="en">be -proved</i> <a href="#a52.3">52(3)</a>.<br> -pùprubahàn <i lang="en">will be proved</i> <a href= -"#a52.4">52(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">provìnsiya S. <i lang="en">province</i> <a href= -"#a50.1">50(1)</a>.<br> -provìnsiya-ŋ-Pampàŋga <i lang="en">Pampanga -province</i> <a href="#a210.29">210(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pòʾ <i lang="en">deferential particle</i> -<a href="#a20.37">20(37)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p229"><b>229</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">pùʾ <i lang="en">ten</i> <a href= -"#a38.6">38(6)</a>. <a href="#p134"><b>134</b></a>. <i lang= -"en">See</i> isà, dalawà, <i lang="en">etc.</i></p> -<p class="par">púgad <i lang="en">nest</i> <a href= -"#a228.9">228(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-pukpòk: pamukpòk <i lang="en">mallet</i> -<a href="#a90.30">90(30)</a>.<br> -pumúpukpòk <i lang="en">is pounding</i> <a href= -"#a228.38">228(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pukòl <i lang="en">a throw</i> <a href= -"#a106.36">106(36)</a>.<br> -pagpukòl <i lang="en">a throwing</i> <a href= -"#a281.35">281(35)</a>.<br> -magpupukòl <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb385" href="#pb385" -name="pb385">385</a>]</span><i lang="en">throw repeatedly</i> <a href= -"#a238.38">238(38)</a>.<br> -pinúpukòl <i lang="en">is being thrown at</i> <a href= -"#a112.8">112(8)</a>.<br> -mapamukòl <i lang="en">given to throwing things</i> <a href= -"#a289.39">289(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pulà <i lang="en">red</i>, <i lang= -"en">redness</i> <a href="#a147.1">147(1)</a>.<br> -pulahàn <i lang="en">all red</i> <a href= -"#a261.12">261(12)</a>.<br> -kapulà <i lang="en">what redness</i> <a href= -"#a173.40">173(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Polikàrpiyo S. <i lang="en">family-n.</i> -<a href="#a189.43">189(43)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">polìs S. <i lang="en">policeman</i> <a href= -"#a34.26">34(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pùlpito S. <i lang="en">pulpit</i> <a href= -"#a20.28">20(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pulòʾ <i lang="en">island</i> <a href= -"#a255.14">255(14)</a>.<br> -kapuluàn kapuluwàn <i lang="en">archipelago</i> <a href= -"#a24.30">24(30)</a>.<br> -kapuluà-ŋ-Filipínas <i lang="en">the Philippine -archipelago</i> <a href="#a56.24">56(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pulúbe <i lang="en">beggar</i> <a href= -"#a72.30">72(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">púloŋ <i lang="en">crowd</i> <a href= -"#a229.13">229(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">púlot <i lang="en">that picked up</i> <a href= -"#a221.15">221(15)</a>.<br> -namúlot <i lang="en">gathered up</i> <a href= -"#a32.23">32(23)</a>.<br> -mámumulòt <i lang="en">gleaner</i> <a href= -"#a243.17">243(17)</a>.<br> -pinamúlot <i lang="en">was picked up selectively, in -quantity</i> <a href="#a247.3">247(3)</a>.<br> -pinulútan <i lang="en">was picked up in</i> <a href= -"#a252.38">252(38)</a>.<br> -pùlútan <i lang="en">a scramble</i> <a href= -"#a259.33">259(33)</a>.<br> -nàpúlot <i lang="en">got picked up</i> <a href= -"#a62.30">62(30)</a>.<br> -nàpùpúlot <i lang="en">gets picked up</i> <a href= -"#a40.8">40(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pulòt <i lang="en">honey</i> <a href= -"#a174.7">174(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-púnas: nagpùpúnas <i lang="en">is -scrubbing</i> <a href="#a232.29">232(29)</a>.<br> -pinùpunásan <i lang="en">is being scrubbed</i> <a href= -"#a252.40">252(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">púnit <i lang="en">small hole</i>, <i lang= -"en">tear</i> <a href="#a169.2">169(2)</a>.<br> -punìt-punìt <i lang="en">full of small holes</i> <a href= -"#a259.6">259(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-punlàʾ: punláan <i lang= -"en">germinating-plot</i> <a href="#a243.40">243(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">punsò <i lang="en">ant-hill</i> <a href= -"#a66.1">66(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">puntà S. <i lang="en">direction of going</i> -<a href="#a106.2">106(2)</a>.<br> -nagsipuntà <i lang="en">went to</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a116.18">116(18)</a>.<br> -púpuntà <i lang="en">will go to</i> <a href= -"#a193.24">193(24)</a>.<br> -nagsísipuntà <i lang="en">are going to</i> <a href= -"#a108.1">108(1)</a>.<br> -pagpuntà <i lang="en">a going toward</i> <a href= -"#a104.35">104(35)</a>. <a href="#a106.4">106(4)</a>. <a href= -"#a116.20">116(20)</a>.<br> -puntahàn <i lang="en">be gone to</i> <a href= -"#a40.9">40(9)</a>.<br> -pinuntahàn <i lang="en">was gone toward</i> <a href= -"#a32.20">32(20)</a>.<br> -papuntà <i lang="en">towards</i> <a href= -"#a84.36">84(36)</a>.<br> -napapúpuntà <i lang="en">is able to be directed</i> -<a href="#a48.10">48(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">púnoʾ <i lang="en">head</i>: <i lang="en">of -wood (i. e. tree)</i> <a href="#a16.8">16(8)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">of grass (i. e. blade)</i> <a href= -"#a76.31">76(31)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">of bridge</i> <a href="#a248.16">248(16)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">stem end of fruit</i> <a href="#a203.38">203(38)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">chief</i> <a href="#a306.11">306(11)</a>.<br> -<i lang="en">beginning</i> <a href="#a50.15">50(15)</a>.<br> -púno-ŋ-damò <i lang="en">blade of grass</i> <a href= -"#a76.29">76(29)</a>.<br> -púno-ŋ-káhoy <i lang="en">tree</i> <a href= -"#a34.39">34(39)</a>.<br> -púno-ŋ-maŋgà <i lang="en">mango-tree</i> -<a href="#a254.37">254(37)</a>.<br> -púno-ŋ-niyòg <i lang="en">cocoanut-tree</i> <a href= -"#a22.34">22(34)</a>.<br> -púno-ŋ-ságiŋ <i lang="en">banana-tree</i> -<a href="#a16.3">16(3)</a>.<br> -púno-ŋ-súhaʾ <i lang="en">grape-fruit-tree</i> -<a href="#a36.34">36(34)</a>.<br> -pinúnoʾ <i lang="en">chief</i>, <i lang="en">official</i> -<a href="#a56.27">56(27)</a>. <a href="#a116.22">116(22)</a>.<br> -pàmunúan <i lang="en">initiator</i> <a href= -"#a262.7">262(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">punòʾ <i lang="en">filled</i>, <i lang= -"en">full</i> <a href="#a36.40">36(40)</a>. <a href= -"#a76.30">76(30)</a>.<br> -punàn <i lang="en">be completed</i>, <i lang="en">be added -to</i> <a href="#a252.41">252(41)</a>.<br> -pùnúan <i lang="en">all full</i> <a href= -"#a118.21">118(21)</a>. <a href="#a258.1">258(1)</a>.<br> -napunòʾ <i lang="en">became full</i> <a href= -"#a26.9">26(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">purgà S. <i lang="en">purge</i> <a href= -"#a230.11">230(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">purgatóriyo S. <i lang="en">purgatory</i> -<a href="#a50.17">50(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">púri <i lang="en">honor</i>, <i lang= -"en">respectability</i> <a href="#a94.12">94(12)</a>. <i lang= -"en">See</i> kasiraàn.<br> -nagpúri <i lang="en">an honoring</i> <a href= -"#a48.38">48(38)</a>. <a href="#a60.9">60(9)</a>.<br> -nagpurihàn <i lang="en">praised one another</i> <a href= -"#a236.39">236(39)</a>.<br> -nagpùpurihàn <i lang="en">are praising one another</i> -<a href="#a236.41">236(41)</a>.<br> -mapúri <i lang="en">honorable</i> <a href= -"#a289.8">289(8)</a>.<br> -nagmápurì <i lang="en">praised himself</i> <a href= -"#a238.25">238(25)</a>.<br> -nagmàmàpurì <i lang="en">is praising himself</i> -<a href="#a238.25">238(25)</a>.<br> -pagmamápurì <i lang="en">praising oneself</i> <a href= -"#a238.26">238(26)</a>.<br> -nagpakamápurì <i lang="en">praised himself much</i> -<a href="#a309.28">309(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Port-Àrtur S. <i lang="en">Port Arthur</i> -<a href="#a306.19">306(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-puròl: mapuròl <i lang="en">dull</i> -<a href="#a225.6">225(6)</a>.<br> -mapúpuròl <i lang="en">will get dull</i> <a href= -"#a248.31">248(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">púsaʾ <i lang="en">cat</i> <a href= -"#a84.1">84(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pustà S. <i lang="en">a bet</i> <a href= -"#a60.29">60(29)</a>.<br> -nagsipustà <i lang="en">made a bet</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a60.34">60(34)</a>.<br> -pustáhan <i lang="en">a betting together</i> <a href= -"#a60.33">60(33)</a>. <a href="#a102.40">102(40)</a>.<span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb386" href="#pb386" name="pb386">386</a>]</span><br> -nakipagpustáhan <i lang="en">entered into a bet with</i> -<a href="#a102.34">102(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">púsoʾ <i lang="en">heart</i> <a href= -"#a218.24">218(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-putàk: nagpúpuputàk <i lang= -"en">is cackling much</i> <a href="#a238.40">238(40)</a>.<br> -pùtákan <i lang="en">cackling by many</i> <a href= -"#a238.10">238(10)</a>.<br> -palapùtákin <i lang="en">given to cackling</i> <a href= -"#a315.10">315(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">fùtbol E. <i lang="en">football</i> <a href= -"#a46.35">46(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">putìʾ <i lang="en">white</i> <a href= -"#a219.12">219(12)</a>.<br> -pàputiìn <i lang="en">be made too white</i> <a href= -"#a305.12">305(12)</a>.<br> -pàputiàn <i lang="en">be made very white</i> <a href= -"#a308.39">308(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pútik <i lang="en">mud</i>, <i lang="en">clay</i> -<a href="#a86.37">86(37)</a>.<br> -putíkan <i lang="en">be made muddy</i> <a href= -"#a253.1">253(1)</a>.<br> -putikàn <i lang="en">muddy place, person, thing</i>; <i lang= -"en">clay-pit</i> <a href="#a166.19">166(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a260.24">260(24)</a>.<br> -mapútik <i lang="en">muddy</i> <a href= -"#a110.14">110(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">púto <i lang="en">cake</i>, <i lang="en">bun</i> -<a href="#a32.15">32(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">putòk <i lang="en">crash</i>, <i lang= -"en">report</i> <a href="#a259.34">259(34)</a>.<br> -pumutòk <i lang="en">made a crash</i>; <i lang="en">there was a -crash</i> <a href="#a64.31">64(31)</a>.<br> -pinùputukàn <i lang="en">is reached by a crash</i> -<a href="#a106.33">106(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">pútol <i lang="en">a cut</i>; <i lang="en">that -cut</i> <a href="#a220.2">220(2)</a>. <a href= -"#a221.16">221(16)</a>.<br> -p. naŋ p. <i lang="en">cuts and cuts</i> <a href= -"#a222.10">222(10)</a>.<br> -putòl <i lang="en">cut</i> <a href="#a223.3">223(3)</a>.<br> -putòl-putòl <i lang="en">all cut up</i> <a href= -"#a224.16">224(16)</a>.<br> -pamútol <i lang="en">used for cutting</i> <a href= -"#a225.16">225(16)</a>.<br> -pumútol <i lang="en">cut</i> <a href="#a154.4">154(4)</a>. -<a href="#a199.27">199(27)</a>. <a href="#a226.26">226(26)</a>.<br> -magsipútol <i lang="en">cut</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a262.26">262(26)</a>.<br> -nagsipútol <i lang="en">cut</i>, <i lang="en">did cut</i>, -<i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a190.22">190(22)</a>.<br> -pumùpútol <i lang="en">is cutting</i> <a href= -"#a228.39">228(39)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a262.24">262(24)</a>.<br> -pùpútol <i lang="en">will cut</i> <a href= -"#a228.40">228(40)</a>.<br> -magsìsipútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a191.8">191(8)</a>.<br> -pagpútol <i lang="en">a cutting</i> <a href= -"#a196.34">196(34)</a>.<br> -magpútol <i lang="en">cut several things</i><span class="corr" -id="xd21e104330" title="Not in source">,</span> <i lang="en">cut on -oneself</i> <a href="#a228.21">228(21)</a>.<br> -magsipagpútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a262.38">262(38)</a>.<br> -magpùpútol <i lang="en">will cut</i> <a href= -"#a234.21">234(21)</a>.<br> -magsìsipagpútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a262.41">262(41)</a>.<br> -nagpútol <i lang="en">cut</i> <a href= -"#a234.24">234(24)</a>.<br> -nagsipagpútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a263.2">263(2)</a>.<br> -nagpùpútol <i lang="en">is cutting</i> <a href= -"#a202.14">202(14)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipagpútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a263.3">263(3)</a>.<br> -pagpupútol <i lang="en">a cutting</i> <a href= -"#a234.19">234(19)</a>.<br> -magputòl <i lang="en">cut variously or repeatedly</i>, <i lang= -"en">cut up</i> <a href="#a237.37">237(37)</a>.<br> -magpúputòl <i lang="en">will cut</i> <a href= -"#a237.38">237(38)</a>.<br> -nagputòl <i lang="en">cut</i> <a href= -"#a237.40">237(40)</a>.<br> -nagpúputòl <i lang="en">is cutting</i> <a href= -"#a237.42">237(42)</a>.<br> -nagpúpuputòl <i lang="en">is cutting to bits</i> <a href= -"#a239.9">239(9)</a>.<br> -magpuputòl <i lang="en">cutter</i> <a href= -"#a243.1">243(1)</a>.<br> -mamútol <i lang="en">cut selectively, in quantity, or as -occupation</i> <a href="#a220.21">220(21)</a>.<br> -magsipamútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a263.24">263(24)</a>.<br> -mamùmútol <i lang="en">will cut</i> <a href= -"#a240.29">240(29)</a>.<br> -magsìsipamútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a263.26">263(26)</a>.<br> -namútol <i lang="en">cut</i> <a href="#a240.27">240(27)</a>.<br> -namùmútol <i lang="en">is cutting</i> <a href= -"#a240.27">240(27)</a>.<br> -mámumutòl <i lang="en">cutter</i> <a href= -"#a243.18">243(18)</a>.<br> -pamumútol <i lang="en">a cutting</i> <a href= -"#a240.23">240(23)</a>.<br> -putúlin <i lang="en">be cut</i> <a href= -"#a244.42">244(42)</a>.<br> -pùputúlin <i lang="en">will be cut</i> <a href= -"#a58.27">58(27)</a>. <a href="#a207.5">207(5)</a>.<br> -pinútol <i lang="en">was cut</i>, <i lang="en">cut off</i>, -<i lang="en">stopped</i> <a href="#a38.34">38(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a44.26">44(26)</a>. <a href="#a154.10">154(10)</a>.<br> -pinùpútol <i lang="en">is being cut</i> <a href= -"#a58.36">58(36)</a>. <a href="#a248.34">248(34)</a>.<br> -pagputulìn <i lang="en">be cut up</i> <a href= -"#a246.27">246(27)</a>.<br> -pinagpúputòl <i lang="en">is being cut up</i> <a href= -"#a246.25">246(25)</a>.<br> -ipútol <i lang="en">be cut for</i> <a href= -"#a248.29">248(29)</a>.<br> -ipùpútol <i lang="en">will be cut for</i> <a href= -"#a248.29">248(29)</a>.<br> -ipinútol <i lang="en">was cut for or with</i> <a href= -"#a154.15">154(15)</a>. <a href="#a175.31">175(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a248.28">248(28)</a>.<br> -ipinùpútol <i lang="en">is being cut for or with</i> -<a href="#a181.15">181(15)</a>. <a href="#a202.6">202(6)</a>.<br> -ipagpútol <i lang="en">be cut for</i> <a href= -"#a249.26">249(26)</a>.<br> -ipagpùpútol <i lang="en">will be cut for</i> <a href= -"#a249.27">249(27)</a>.<br> -ipinagpútol <i lang="en">was cut for or with</i> <a href= -"#a249.28">249(28)</a>.<br> -ipinagpùpútol <i lang="en">is being cut for or with</i> -<a href="#a249.29">249(29)</a>.<br> -ipamútol <i lang="en">be used for cutting</i> <a href= -"#a250.17">250(17)</a>.<br> -ipinamútol <i lang="en">was used for cutting</i> <a href= -"#a250.13">250(13)</a>.<br> -ipinamùmútol <i lang="en">is being cut with or for, in -quantity</i> <a href="#a187.13">187(13)</a>. <a href= -"#a250.14">250(14)</a>.<br> -putúlan putlàn <i lang="en">be cut from</i> <a href= -"#a253.5">253(5)</a>.<br> -pùputúlan pùputlàn <i lang="en">will be cut -from</i> <a href="#a253.7">253(7)</a>.<br> -pinutúlan <i lang="en">was cut from</i> <a href= -"#a118.28">118(28)</a>. <a href="#a154.20">154(20)</a>.<br> -pinùputlàn <i lang="en">is being cut from</i> <a href= -"#a60.1">60(1)</a>. <a href="#a253.3">253(3)</a>.<br> -pagputúlan <i lang="en">be cut on</i> <a href= -"#a256.1">256(1)</a>.<br> -pagputulàn <i lang="en">be cut from variously</i> <a href= -"#a256.13">256(13)</a>.<br> -pinamutúlan <i lang="en">was cut from selectively <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb387" href="#pb387" name="pb387">387</a>]</span>or -in quantity</i> <a href="#a158.10">158(10)</a>. <a href= -"#a256.40">256(40)</a>.<br> -pinamùmutúlan <i lang="en">is being cut from</i> <a href= -"#a256.33">256(33)</a>.<br> -nagputulàn <i lang="en">cut together</i> <a href= -"#a236.43">236(43)</a>.<br> -pakipútol <i lang="en">that cut with others or as a favor</i> -<a href="#a184.3">184(3)</a>. <a href="#a263.40">263(40)</a>.<br> -makipútol <i lang="en">cut by permission</i> <a href= -"#a264.12">264(12)</a>.<br> -makìkipútol <i lang="en">will cut along with others</i> -<a href="#a206.11">206(11)</a>.<br> -nakipútol <i lang="en">cut by permission</i> <a href= -"#a264.8">264(8)</a>.<br> -nakìkipútol <i lang="en">is cutting by permission</i> -<a href="#a264.10">264(10)</a>.<br> -pakikipútol <i lang="en">a cutting by permission</i> <a href= -"#a264.13">264(13)</a>.<br> -pakikipamútol <i lang="en">a cutting, as occupation, by -permission</i> <a href="#a264.39">264(39)</a>.<br> -pakiputúlin <i lang="en">be cut as a favor</i> <a href= -"#a264.43">264(43)</a>.<br> -ipakipútol <i lang="en">be cut as a favor</i> <a href= -"#a184.1">184(1)</a>.<br> -ipakìkipútol <i lang="en">will be asked to be cut</i> -<a href="#a265.13">265(13)</a>.<br> -ipakipagpútol <i lang="en">be cut with as a favor</i> <a href= -"#a265.19">265(19)</a>.<br> -ipakìkipagpútol <i lang="en">will be cut for as a -favor</i> <a href="#a265.23">265(23)</a>.<br> -ipinakipagpútol <i lang="en">was asked to be cut for</i> -<a href="#a265.25">265(25)</a>.<br> -ipinakìkipagpútol <i lang="en">is being asked to be cut -for</i> <a href="#a172.26">172(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a265.28">265(28)</a>.<br> -kapútol <i lang="en">piece</i>; <i lang="en">brother</i>, -<i lang="en">sister</i> <a href="#a16.5">16(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a266.16">266(16)</a>.<br> -magkapútol <i lang="en">two such</i> <a href= -"#a270.5">270(5)</a>.<br> -magkakapútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a270.16">270(16)</a>.<br> -kàkapútol <i lang="en">only a piece</i> <a href= -"#a267.6">267(6)</a>.<br> -kapùpútol <i lang="en">there has just been cutting</i> -<a href="#a267.17">267(17)</a>.<br> -kapagpùpútol <i lang="en">there has just been cutting of -several things</i> <a href="#a267.20">267(20)</a>.<br> -kapàpamútol <i lang="en">there has just been cutting in -quantity</i> <a href="#a267.23">267(23)</a>.<br> -magkaputòl <i lang="en">get broken in numbers</i> <a href= -"#a182.22">182(22)</a>.<br> -magkákaputòl <i lang="en">will many of them get -broken</i> <a href="#a269.10">269(10)</a>.<br> -nagkaputòl <i lang="en">got broken in numbers</i> <a href= -"#a269.11">269(11)</a>.<br> -nagkákaputòl <i lang="en">is breaking in numbers</i> -<a href="#a269.13">269(13)</a>.<br> -magkáputòl-putòl <i lang="en">break into many -pieces</i> <a href="#a255.21">255(21)</a>.<br> -magkàkàputòl-putòl <i lang="en">will break -into many pieces</i> <a href="#a271.23">271(23)</a>.<br> -nagkáputòl-putòl <i lang="en">broke into many -pieces</i> <a href="#a271.19">271(19)</a>.<br> -nagkàkàputòl-putòl <i lang="en">gets -mangled</i> <a href="#a271.21">271(21)</a>.<br> -ikapútol <i lang="en">be the cause of breaking</i> <a href= -"#a158.12">158(12)</a>.<br> -ikapùpútol <i lang="en">will be the cause of breaking or -involuntary cutting</i> <a href="#a272.19">272(19)</a>.<br> -ikinapútol <i lang="en">was the cause of breaking</i> <a href= -"#a272.15">272(15)</a>.<br> -ikinapùpútol <i lang="en">is the cause of breaking</i> -<a href="#a272.17">272(17)</a>.<br> -ipagkaputòl <i lang="en">be the cause of breaking in numbers</i> -<a href="#a273.9">273(9)</a>.<br> -ipinagkaputòl <i lang="en">was the cause of breaking in -numbers</i> <a href="#a273.11">273(11)</a>.<br> -ipinagkákaputòl <i lang="en">is the cause of breaking in -numbers</i> <a href="#a273.7">273(7)</a>.<br> -kapùtúlan <i lang="en">one of two who cut together</i> -<a href="#a278.10">278(10)</a>.<br> -makapútol <i lang="en">be able to cut</i> <a href= -"#a269.7">269(7)</a>.<br> -makapùpútol <i lang="en">will be able to cut</i> <a href= -"#a281.41">281(41)</a>.<br> -nakapútol <i lang="en">has cut</i> <a href= -"#a282.22">282(22)</a>.<br> -nakapùpútol <i lang="en">is able to cut</i> <a href= -"#a281.39">281(39)</a>.<br> -mapútol <i lang="en">have been cut</i>, <i lang="en">be able to -be cut</i> <a href="#a38.35">38(35)</a>. <a href="#a60.4">60(4)</a>. -<a href="#a283.37">283(37)</a>.<br> -mapùpútol <i lang="en">will be able to be cut</i> -<a href="#a283.38">283(38)</a>.<br> -napútol <i lang="en">has been cut</i>, <i lang="en">was cut</i> -<a href="#a261.26">261(26)</a>.<br> -naŋapútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a286.17">286(17)</a>.<br> -napùpútol <i lang="en">has just been cut</i>, <i lang= -"en">is cut</i> <a href="#a284.15">284(15)</a>. <a href= -"#a285.1">285(1)</a>.<br> -naŋapùpútol <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a286.19">286(19)</a>.<br> -pagkapútol <i lang="en">a having cut</i> <a href= -"#a282.37">282(37)</a>.<br> -makapagpútol <i lang="en">be able to cut several things</i> -<a href="#a286.43">286(43)</a>.<br> -nakapagpútol <i lang="en">has cut</i> <a href= -"#a286.41">286(41)</a>.<br> -nakapagpùpútol <i lang="en">is able to cut</i> <a href= -"#a286.42">286(42)</a>.<br> -maputúlan <i lang="en">be cut from</i> <a href= -"#a185.21">185(21)</a>.<br> -mapùputúlan <i lang="en">will be cut from</i> <a href= -"#a288.13">288(13)</a>.<br> -naputúlan <i lang="en">was cut from</i> <a href= -"#a288.9">288(9)</a>.<br> -napùputúlan <i lang="en">is cut from</i> <a href= -"#a288.10">288(10)</a>.<br> -napagputúlan <i lang="en">was able to be cut on</i> <a href= -"#a288.26">288(26)</a>.<br> -makàpútol <i lang="en">chance to cut</i> <a href= -"#a290.28">290(28)</a>.<br> -makàpùpútol <i lang="en">will chance to cut</i> -<a href="#a290.30">290(30)</a>.<br> -nakàpútol <i lang="en">chanced to cut</i> <a href= -"#a24.34">24(34)</a>. <a href="#a290.20">290(20)</a>.<br> -nakàpùpútol <i lang="en">is by chance cutting</i> -<a href="#a290.23">290(23)</a>.<br> -màpútol <i lang="en">get cut</i> <a href= -"#a294.3">294(3)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb388" href="#pb388" name= -"pb388">388</a>]</span>màpùpútol <i lang="en">will -get cut</i> <a href="#a294.5">294(5)</a>.<br> -nàpútol <i lang="en">got cut</i> 293(24.43). <a href= -"#a294.2">294(2)</a>.<br> -nàpùpútol <i lang="en">gets cut</i>, <i lang= -"en">is cut</i> <a href="#a201.30">201(30)</a>.<br> -pagkàpútol <i lang="en">the way cutting got done</i> -<a href="#a291.15">291(15)</a>.<br> -màputúlan <i lang="en">get cut from</i> <a href= -"#a238.2">238(2)</a>.<br> -màpùputúlan <i lang="en">will get cut from</i> -<a href="#a297.41">297(41)</a>.<br> -nàputúlan <i lang="en">got cut from</i> <a href= -"#a297.38">297(38)</a>.<br> -nàpùputúlan <i lang="en">gets cut from</i> -<a href="#a297.39">297(39)</a>.<br> -papútol <i lang="en">that caused to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a299.15">299(15)</a>.<br> -paputòl <i lang="en">transversely</i> <a href= -"#a166.21">166(21)</a>.<br> -kapàpapútol <i lang="en">there has just been causing to -cut</i> <a href="#a301.11">301(11)</a>.<br> -kapagpàpapútol <i lang="en">there has just been causing -to cut several things</i> <a href="#a301.13">301(13)</a>.<br> -papùpútol <i lang="en">will ask to have cut</i> <a href= -"#a302.2">302(2)</a>.<br> -magpapútol <i lang="en">cause to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a225.1">225(1)</a>.<br> -magpàpapútol <i lang="en">will cause to be cut</i> -<a href="#a191.6">191(6)</a>.<br> -nagpapútol <i lang="en">caused to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a303.13">303(13)</a>.<br> -nagpàpapútol <i lang="en">is causing to be cut</i> -<a href="#a303.14">303(14)</a>.<br> -pagpapapútol <i lang="en">a causing to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a303.15">303(15)</a>.<br> -paputúlin <i lang="en">be caused to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a304.39">304(39)</a>.<br> -papùputúlin <i lang="en">will be caused to cut</i> -<a href="#a304.40">304(40)</a>.<br> -pinapútol <i lang="en">was caused to cut</i> <a href= -"#a153.23">153(23)</a>.<br> -pinapùpútol <i lang="en">is being caused to cut</i> -<a href="#a304.37">304(37)</a>.<br> -papagputúlin <i lang="en">be caused to cut on oneself</i> -<a href="#a305.23">305(23)</a>.<br> -papagpùputúlin <i lang="en">will be caused to cut several -things</i> <a href="#a305.24">305(24)</a>.<br> -pinapagpútol <i lang="en">was caused to cut</i> <a href= -"#a181.27">181(27)</a>.<br> -pinapagpùpútol <i lang="en">is being caused to cut</i> -<a href="#a181.16">181(16)</a>.<br> -papamutúlin <i lang="en">be caused to cut selectively, in -quantity, or as occupation</i> <a href="#a305.35">305(35)</a>.<br> -papamùmutúlin <i lang="en">will be caused to cut</i> -<a href="#a305.36">305(36)</a>.<br> -ipapútol <i lang="en">be caused to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a306.25">306(25)</a>.<br> -ipapùpútol <i lang="en">will be caused to be cut</i> -<a href="#a306.23">306(23)</a>.<br> -ipinapútol <i lang="en">was caused to be cut</i> <a href= -"#a204.10">204(10)</a>.<br> -ipinapùpútol <i lang="en">is being caused to be cut</i> -<a href="#a306.22">306(22)</a>.<br> -ipakipapútol <i lang="en">be asked to be caused to be cut</i> -<a href="#a307.29">307(29)</a>.<br> -ipakìkipapútol <i lang="en">will be asked to be caused to -be cut</i> <a href="#a307.32">307(32)</a>.<br> -ipinakipapútol <i lang="en">was asked to be caused to be cut</i> -<a href="#a307.34">307(34)</a>.<br> -paputúlan <i lang="en">be caused to be cut from</i> <a href= -"#a308.24">308(24)</a>.<br> -papùputúlan <i lang="en">will be caused to be cut -from</i> <a href="#a308.25">308(25)</a>.<br> -pinaputúlan <i lang="en">was caused to be cut from</i> <a href= -"#a308.19">308(19)</a>.<br> -pinapùputúlan <i lang="en">is being caused to be cut -from</i> <a href="#a308.22">308(22)</a>.<br> -makapagpapútol <i lang="en">be able to cause to be cut</i> -<a href="#a311.12">311(12)</a>.<br> -makàkapagpapútol <i lang="en">will be able to cause to be -cut</i> <a href="#a311.15">311(15)</a>.<br> -nakapagpapútol <i lang="en">has been caused to be cut</i> -<a href="#a311.8">311(8)</a>.<br> -nakàkapagpapútol <i lang="en">is able to cause to be -cut</i> <a href="#a311.10">311(10)</a>.<br> -napapútol <i lang="en">asked to be cut for</i> <a href= -"#a311.38">311(38)</a>.<br> -napapùpútol <i lang="en">asks to be cut for</i> <a href= -"#a311.40">311(40)</a>.<br> -palaputulìn <i lang="en">brittle</i> <a href= -"#a315.21">315(21)</a>.<br> -tagapútol <i lang="en">person whose duty it is to cut</i> -<a href="#a315.32">315(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">poòk <i lang="en">place</i>, <i lang= -"en">district</i> <a href="#a40.2">40(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">poòn <i lang="en">lord</i>, <i lang= -"en">saint</i> <a href="#a104.5">104(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a182.40">182(40)</a>.<br> -pinópoòn <i lang="en">is being worshipped</i> <a href= -"#a189.3">189(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-puwàʾ, <i lang="en">see</i> -kápuwàʾ.</p> -<p class="par">-púyat: nagpúyat <i lang="en">staid -up</i>, <i lang="en">watched</i> <a href="#a232.30">232(30)</a>.<br> -nagpuyàt <i lang="en">repeatedly staid up</i> <a href= -"#a238.1">238(1)</a>.<br> -pagpupuyàt <i lang="en">a repeated staying up</i> <a href= -"#a297.7">297(7)</a>.<br> -namùmúyat <i lang="en">keeps from sleeping</i>, <i lang= -"en">keeps up</i> <a href="#a240.31">240(31)</a>.<br> -pinúyat <i lang="en">was kept up late</i> <a href= -"#a245.2">245(2)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e105842" class="main">S.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">sa <i lang="en">loc. particle</i> <a href= -"#a16.2">16(2)</a>. <a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href= -"#p49"><b>49</b></a>. <b>195–212.</b> <a href= -"#p306"><b>306</b></a>. <a href="#p515"><b>515</b></a>.<br> -sa lawà: sà-lawáhan <i lang="en">fickle</i> -<a href="#a94.1">94(1)</a>. <a href="#a259.20">259(20)</a>.<br> -sa ulèʾ: pagsa-ulàn <i lang="en">be returned to</i> -<a href="#a62.12">62(12)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb389" -href="#pb389" name="pb389">389</a>]</span>72(13).<br> -pinagsa-ulàn <i lang="en">was returned to</i> <a href= -"#a44.25">44(25)</a>. <a href="#a256.7">256(7)</a>.<br> -nása <i lang="en">is in</i> <a href="#a18.22">18(22)</a>. -<a href="#a314.7">314(7)</a>.<br> -naŋása <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a118.35">118(35)</a>.<br> -násàsa <i lang="en">is being in</i> <a href= -"#a36.16">36(16)</a>. <a href="#a44.1">44(1)</a>.<br> -pása <i lang="en">go to</i> <a href="#a20.18">20(18)</a>. -<a href="#a314.9">314(9)</a>.<br> -pápàsa <i lang="en">will go to</i> <a href= -"#a314.10">314(10)</a>.<br> -mápasa <i lang="en">get to</i> <a href="#a94.4">94(4)</a>.<br> -mápàpasa <i lang="en">will get to</i> <a href= -"#a314.15">314(15)</a>.<br> -nápasa <i lang="en">went by chance</i> <a href= -"#a116.30">116(30)</a>. <a href="#a279.4">279(4)</a>.<br> -nápàpasa <i lang="en">comes by chance to</i> <a href= -"#a106.26">106(26)</a>.<br> -pagkápasa <i lang="en">a chance coming to</i> <a href= -"#a60.21">60(21)</a>. <a href="#a314.16">314(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sà, <i lang="en">see</i> isà.</p> -<p class="par">saàn <i lang="en">loc. of</i> anò: -<i lang="en">where?</i> <i lang="en">to what?</i> <a href= -"#a42.14">42(14)</a>. <a href="#a64.37">64(37)</a>. <a href= -"#a316.34">316(34)</a>. <a href="#p264"><b>264</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sabàd: isinabàd <i lang="en">was said in -interruption</i>, <i lang="en">was thrust in</i> <a href= -"#a102.22">102(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sabày: sabày-sabày <i lang= -"en">all at the same time</i> <a href="#a224.2">224(2)</a>.<br> -sinabayàn <i lang="en">was accompanied</i> <a href= -"#a82.32">82(32)</a>.<br> -pagkakásabày <i lang="en">a happening at the same -time</i> <a href="#a270.42">270(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sábi <i lang="en">that said</i> <a href= -"#a24.8">24(8)</a>. <a href="#a74.36">74(36)</a>. <a href= -"#a198.12">198(12)</a>. <a href="#p276"><b>276</b></a>.<br> -sabì-sabì <i lang="en">chance talk</i> <a href= -"#a116.10">116(10)</a>. <a href="#a120.9">120(9)</a>.<br> -nagsábi <i lang="en">said</i> <a href="#a26.14">26(14)</a>. -<a href="#a36.29">36(29)</a>.<br> -nagsipagsábi <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a26.5">26(5)</a>.<br> -nagsàsábi <i lang="en">is saying</i> <a href= -"#a156.40">156(40)</a>.<br> -pagsasábi <i lang="en">a saying</i> <a href= -"#a155.24">155(24)</a>.<br> -sabíhin <i lang="en">be said</i> <a href="#a30.15">30(15)</a>. -<a href="#a50.24">50(24)</a>.<br> -sàsabíhin <i lang="en">will be said</i> <a href= -"#a20.11">20(11)</a>. <a href="#a30.14">30(14)</a>.<br> -sinábi <i lang="en">was said</i> <a href= -"#a16.17">16(17)</a>.<br> -sinàsábi <i lang="en">is being said</i> <a href= -"#a96.9">96(9)</a>.<br> -pinagsabì <i lang="en">was variously said</i> <a href= -"#a156.13">156(13)</a>.<br> -pinagsabì-sabì <i lang="en">was repeatedly said</i> -<a href="#a246.34">246(34)</a>.<br> -ipinagsábi <i lang="en">was told about</i> <a href= -"#a249.35">249(35)</a>.<br> -pinagsabíhan <i lang="en">was told</i>, <i lang="en">was -ordered</i> <a href="#a20.15">20(15)</a>. <a href= -"#a32.26">32(26)</a>.<br> -kasabihàn <i lang="en">proverb</i> <a href= -"#a276.11">276(11)</a>.<br> -pagkasábi <i lang="en">a having said</i> <a href= -"#a70.28">70(28)</a>.<br> -makapagsábi <i lang="en">be able to tell</i> <a href= -"#a52.9">52(9)</a>.<br> -nakapagsábi <i lang="en">was able to tell</i> <a href= -"#a76.25">76(25)</a>.<br> -màsàsábi <i lang="en">will get said</i> <a href= -"#a92.37">92(37)</a>.<br> -pagkàsábi <i lang="en">a getting said</i> <a href= -"#a80.1">80(1)</a>. <a href="#a100.36">100(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sábit: sabitàn <i lang= -"en">clothes-rack</i> <a href="#a258.38">258(38)</a>.<br> -nakasábit <i lang="en">is hanging (from a nail, peg, etc.)</i> -<a href="#a281.4">281(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sábog: nagsábog <i lang="en">strewed</i> -<a href="#a16.20">16(20)</a>.<br> -nàsàsábog <i lang="en">is lying scattered</i> -<a href="#a90.30">90(30)</a>. <a href="#a108.19">108(19)</a>.<br> -naŋàsábog <i lang="en">got scattered</i>, <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a293.40">293(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sabòn S. <i lang="en">soap</i> <a href= -"#a184.34">184(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sáboŋ: paŋsáboŋ <i lang= -"en">used for cock-fighting</i> <a href="#a297.42">297(42)</a>.<br> -pagsasáboŋ <i lang="en">cock-fighting</i> <a href= -"#a312.17">312(17)</a>.<br> -sabuŋàn <i lang="en">cockpit</i>, <i lang= -"en">cock-fight</i> <a href="#a304.1">304(1)</a>.<br> -sabuŋéro <i lang="en">cock-fighter</i> <a href= -"#a98.21">98(21)</a>. <a href="#a316.11">316(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sabuwàt: kasabuwàt <i lang= -"en">accomplice</i> <a href="#a298.19">298(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sáboy <i lang="en">a sprinkling</i> <a href= -"#a68.3">68(3)</a>.<br> -sumàsáboy <i lang="en">is splashing</i>, <i lang= -"en">intr.</i> <a href="#a228.41">228(41)</a>.<br> -pagsáboy <i lang="en">sprinkling</i> <a href= -"#a68.40">68(40)</a>.<br> -nagsàsáboy <i lang="en">is scattering</i> <a href= -"#a68.9">68(9)</a>.<br> -isináboy <i lang="en">was sprinkled</i> <a href= -"#a268.11">268(11)</a>.<br> -sinàsabúyan <i lang="en">is being sprinkled at</i> -<a href="#a68.24">68(24)</a>.<br> -napàpasáboy <i lang="en">falls scattering</i> <a href= -"#a70.4">70(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sadiyàʾ <i lang="en">that come for</i> -<a href="#a38.26">38(26)</a>. <a href="#a78.28">78(28)</a>. <a href= -"#a221.18">221(18)</a><br> -magsadiyàʾ <i lang="en">go for one’s purpose</i> -<a href="#a74.28">74(28)</a>.<br> -nagsadiyàʾ <i lang="en">went for his purpose</i> <a href= -"#a74.33">74(33)</a>.<br> -sinadiyàʾ <i lang="en">was done intentionally</i> <a href= -"#a233.36">233(36)</a>.<br> -sinásadiyàʾ <i lang="en">is being done -intentionally</i> <a href="#a62.13">62(13)</a>. <a href= -"#a98.32">98(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sagàd <i lang="en">close-cropped</i> <a href= -"#a219.13">219(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sagásaʾ: sumagásaʾ <i lang= -"en">knock</i>, <i lang="en">jostle</i> <a href= -"#a229.1">229(1)</a>.<br> -sagasáin <i lang="en">be hit upon</i>, <i lang="en">be -conflicted with</i> <a href="#a245.3">245(3)</a>.<br> -sinagasáan <i lang="en">was bumped into</i> <a href= -"#a22.24">22(24)</a>.<br> -nagsàgasaán <i lang="en">jostled each other</i> <a href= -"#a237.1">237(1)</a>.<br> -pagsasàgasaàn <i lang="en">a jostling each other</i> -<a href="#a237.1">237(1)</a>.<br> -màsagasáan <i lang="en">get run into</i> <a href= -"#a271.22">271(22)</a>.<br> -nàsagasáan <i lang="en">got run into</i> <a href= -"#a297.43">297(43)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb390" href= -"#pb390" name="pb390">390</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">ságiŋ <i lang="en">banana</i> <a href= -"#a16.8">16(8)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> púnoʾ.<br> -sagíŋan <i lang="en">banana-grove</i> <a href= -"#a250.40">250(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sagitsìt <i lang="en">sizzling</i> <a href= -"#a114.10">114(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sagòt <i lang="en">that answered</i> <a href= -"#a26.23">26(23)</a>. <a href="#a44.15">44(15)</a>.<br> -sumagòt <i lang="en">answer</i> <a href="#a44.10">44(10)</a>. -<i lang="en">answered</i> <a href="#a26.1">26(1)</a>.<br> -sumásagòt <i lang="en">answers</i> <a href= -"#a44.2">44(2)</a>.<br> -sinagòt <i lang="en">was given an answer</i> <a href= -"#a191.41">191(41)</a>.<br> -isinagòt <i lang="en">was said in reply</i> <a href= -"#a16.18">16(18)</a>.<br> -makasagòt <i lang="en">be able to answer</i> <a href= -"#a76.4">76(4)</a>.<br> -nakasagòt <i lang="en">was able to answer</i> <a href= -"#a68.21">68(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">saguwàn <i lang="en">a paddle</i> <a href= -"#a261.41">261(41)</a>.<br> -sumaguwàn <i lang="en">paddled</i> <a href= -"#a229.1">229(1)</a>.<br> -pagsaguwàn <i lang="en">a paddling</i> <a href= -"#a82.12">82(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sahìg <i lang="en">flooring</i>, <i lang= -"en">floor</i> <a href="#a114.43">114(43)</a>.<br> -isinásahìg <i lang="en">is being used as flooring</i> -<a href="#a248.32">248(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sáhod: sumáhod <i lang="en">hold -under</i> <a href="#a229.1">229(1)</a>.<br> -isáhod <i lang="en">be held under</i> <a href= -"#a248.34">248(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sáiŋ: magsáiŋ <i lang="en">cook -rice dry</i> <a href="#a232.30">232(30)</a>.<br> -sináiŋ <i lang="en">ration of rice, not yet served</i> -<a href="#a229.8">229(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sakàʾ <i lang="en">then</i>, <i lang= -"en">afterwards</i> <a href="#a52.30">52(30)</a>. <a href= -"#a68.21">68(21)</a>. <a href="#p243"><b>243</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sakàl: pagsakàl <i lang="en">choking</i> -<a href="#a227.5">227(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sakatéro S. <i lang="en">grass-cutter</i> -<a href="#a96.2">96(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sakày <i lang="en">person carried in a -vehicle</i> <a href="#a80.36">80(36)</a>.<br> -paŋsakày <i lang="en">used for riding or driving</i> -<a href="#a225.18">225(18)</a>.<br> -sumakày <i lang="en">mount</i>, <i lang="en">ride</i> <a href= -"#a72.1">72(1)</a>. <i lang="en">mounted</i> <a href= -"#a52.37">52(37)</a>.<br> -sumásakày <i lang="en">is mounting</i>, <i lang="en">is -getting on or in (a vehicle)</i> <a href="#a229.2">229(2)</a>.<br> -pagsakày <i lang="en">mounting</i>, <i lang="en">riding</i> -<a href="#a70.40">70(40)</a>. <a href="#a167.41">167(41)</a>.<br> -nagsakày <i lang="en">took into a vehicle</i> <a href= -"#a234.25">234(25)</a>.<br> -pagsasakày <i lang="en">a taking into a vehicle</i> <a href= -"#a272.2">272(2)</a>.<br> -isinakày <i lang="en">was put on a vehicle</i> <a href= -"#a306.16">306(16)</a>.<br> -ipinagsakày <i lang="en">was taken into a vehicle</i> <a href= -"#a249.37">249(37)</a>.<br> -sakyàn <i lang="en">be embarked in</i> <a href= -"#a253.10">253(10)</a>.<br> -sinakyàn <i lang="en">was ridden in</i> <a href= -"#a253.9">253(9)</a>.<br> -sinàsakyàn <i lang="en">is being ridden in</i> <a href= -"#a82.32">82(32)</a>.<br> -sàkáyan <i lang="en">embarkation by many</i> <a href= -"#a258.3">258(3)</a>.<br> -sasakyàn <i lang="en">vehicle</i> <a href= -"#a219.35">219(35)</a>.<br> -nakíkisakày <i lang="en">embarks along with others</i> -<a href="#a98.18">98(18)</a>.<br> -ikinásakày <i lang="en">was the cause of chance -mounting</i> <a href="#a273.36">273(36)</a>.<br> -nakasakày <i lang="en">has mounted</i>, <i lang="en">is -mounted</i> <a href="#a100.23">100(23)</a>. <a href= -"#a281.15">281(15)</a>.<br> -nakasásakày <i lang="en">is able to mount</i> <a href= -"#a281.43">281(43)</a>.<br> -pagkasakày <i lang="en">a past mounting</i>, <i lang= -"en">ability to mount</i> 282(12.39).<br> -nasakyàn <i lang="en">was able to be mounted</i> <a href= -"#a228.16">228(16)</a>.<br> -násakày <i lang="en">got put on a vehicle</i> <a href= -"#a294.28">294(28)</a>.<br> -nàsàsakày <i lang="en">is in a vehicle</i> -<a href="#a114.22">114(22)</a>.<br> -pagkásakày <i lang="en">a chance mounting or riding</i> -<a href="#a292.17">292(17)</a>. <a href="#a294.36">294(36)</a>. -<a href="#a295.41">295(41)</a>.<br> -nàsakyàn <i lang="en">got mounted</i> <a href= -"#a298.1">298(1)</a>.<br> -pasakày <i lang="en">that caused to be taken into a vehicle</i> -<a href="#a299.17">299(17)</a>. <i lang="en">in riding position</i>, -<i lang="en">astride</i> <a href="#a299.30">299(30)</a>.<br> -nagpasakày <i lang="en">caused to be put on a vehicle</i> -<a href="#a268.25">268(25)</a>.<br> -pagpapasakày <i lang="en">a causing to be put on a vehicle</i> -<a href="#a303.17">303(17)</a>.<br> -ipinasakày <i lang="en">was caused to be put on a vehicle</i> -<a href="#a306.26">306(26)</a>.<br> -ipinagpasakày <i lang="en">was caused to be used for riding</i> -<a href="#a307.21">307(21)</a>.<br> -pinasakyàn <i lang="en">was caused to be mounted</i> <a href= -"#a308.28">308(28)</a>.<br> -ipinagkápasakày <i lang="en">was the cause of causing to -ride</i> <a href="#a310.18">310(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sakdàl <i lang="en">accusation</i> <a href= -"#a54.36">54(36)</a>.<br> -isinakdàl <i lang="en">was charged</i> <a href= -"#a56.12">56(12)</a>.<br> -ipinagsakdàl <i lang="en">was accused</i> <a href= -"#a54.31">54(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sakìm: kasakimàn <i lang= -"en">selfishness</i> <a href="#a28.34">28(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a74.20">74(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sákit (a) <i lang="en">grief</i> <a href= -"#a223.20">223(20)</a>.<br> -pasákit <i lang="en">suffering caused</i> <a href= -"#a42.43">42(43)</a>.<br> -nagpasákit <i lang="en">caused suffering to be undergone</i> -<a href="#a303.20">303(20)</a>.<br> -ipinasákit <i lang="en">was caused to be suffered</i> <a href= -"#a22.7">22(7)</a>.<br> -pinasàsakítan <i lang="en">is being caused to suffer</i> -<a href="#a40.40">40(40)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: sakìt <i lang= -"en">pain</i>, <i lang="en">sickness</i> <a href="#a30.28">30(28)</a>. -<a href="#a42.3">42(3)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb391" href= -"#pb391" name="pb391">391</a>]</span>223(18).<br> -sumakìt <i lang="en">hurt</i>, <i lang="en">injure</i> <a href= -"#a188.30">188(30)</a>.<br> -sinàsaktàn <i lang="en">is being hurt</i> <a href= -"#a60.1">60(1)</a>. <a href="#a70.15">70(15)</a>.<br> -nagkasakìt <i lang="en">got sick</i> <a href="#a54.7">54(7)</a>. -<a href="#a78.24">78(24)</a>.<br> -pagkakasakìt <i lang="en">a getting sick</i> <a href= -"#a269.8">269(8)</a>.<br> -ipinagkasakìt <i lang="en">was the cause of getting sick</i> -<a href="#a273.14">273(14)</a>.<br> -nakasakìt <i lang="en">cause injury</i> <a href= -"#a313.32">313(32)</a>.<br> -masakìt <i lang="en">sore</i> <a href="#a40.41">40(41)</a>. -<a href="#a281.31">281(31)</a>.<br> -masaktàn <i lang="en">be hurt</i> <a href= -"#a206.24">206(24)</a>.<br> -masàsaktàn <i lang="en">will be hurt</i> <a href= -"#a204.2">204(2)</a>.<br> -nasaktàn <i lang="en">got hurt</i> <a href= -"#a264.25">264(25)</a>.<br> -palasàkítin <i lang="en">one who easily gets sick</i> -<a href="#a315.14">315(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sáko S. <i lang="en">sack</i> <a href= -"#a104.15">104(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sákop: sakòp <i lang="en">included</i> -<a href="#a290.31">290(31)</a>.<br> -pagsákop <i lang="en">an including</i>, <i lang="en">a -saving</i> <a href="#a306.42">306(42)</a>.<br> -mànanákop <i lang="en">savior</i> <a href= -"#a20.33">20(33)</a>.<br> -nasàsákop <i lang="en">is included</i>, <i lang="en">is -under control</i> <a href="#a116.31">116(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sála <i lang="en">failure</i>, <i lang= -"en">offense</i> <a href="#a38.2">38(2)</a>.<br> -sumála <i lang="en">fail</i>, <i lang="en">miss</i>, <a href= -"#a64.42">64(42)</a>. <i lang="en">failed</i> <a href= -"#a229.4">229(4)</a>.<br> -saláhan <i lang="en">be omitted</i>, <i lang="en">skipped</i> -<a href="#a253.11">253(11)</a>.<br> -saŋlàn <i lang="en">be missed</i> <a href= -"#a253.14">253(14)</a>.<br> -sinaŋlàn <i lang="en">was missed</i> <a href= -"#a253.12">253(12)</a>.<br> -nagkàsála <i lang="en">sinned against</i> <a href= -"#a271.1">271(1)</a>.<br> -pagkakàsála <i lang="en">a sinning against</i> <a href= -"#a290.1">290(1)</a>.<br> -kasalánan <i lang="en">sin</i> <a href="#a20.32">20(32)</a>. -<a href="#a98.7">98(7)</a>.<br> -makasalánan <a href="#a22.1">22(1)</a>. <a href= -"#a74.22">74(22)</a>. <a href="#a289.22">289(22)</a>.<br> -pagkasála <i lang="en">a having missed</i> <a href= -"#a272.10">272(10)</a>. <a href="#a286.3">286(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salakàb <i lang="en">fish-trap</i> <a href= -"#a243.7">243(7)</a>.<br> -mánanalakàb <i lang="en">fish-trapper</i> <a href= -"#a243.7">243(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-salákay: pagsalákay <i lang="en">an -attacking</i> <a href="#a122.10">122(10)</a>.<br> -pananalákay <i lang="en">a repeated attacking</i> <a href= -"#a122.23">122(23)</a>.<br> -sinalakáyan <i lang="en">was attacked</i> <a href= -"#a122.9">122(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salakòt <i lang="en">rain-hat of palm-leaves</i> -<a href="#a212.22">212(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salamaŋkà S. <i lang="en">sleight-of-hand -trick</i> <a href="#a202.37">202(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salámat <i lang="en">thanks</i> <a href= -"#a16.32">16(32)</a>. <a href="#a152.4">152(4)</a>.<br> -magpasalámat <i lang="en">give thanks</i>, <i lang= -"en">thank</i> <a href="#a160.15">160(15)</a>.<br> -napasalámat <i lang="en">was thankful</i> <a href= -"#a88.16">88(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salamìn <i lang="en">glass</i>, <i lang= -"en">looking-glass</i>, <i lang="en">eye-glass</i> <a href= -"#a60.7">60(7)</a>. <a href="#a238.39">238(39)</a>. <i lang="en">n. of -dog</i> <a href="#a147.22">147(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salapìʾ <i lang="en">money</i>; <i lang= -"en">half-dollar</i> <a href="#a30.27">30(27)</a>. <a href= -"#a252.41">252(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salàt <i lang="en">needy</i> <a href= -"#a219.14">219(14)</a>.<br> -kasalatàn <i lang="en">lack</i> <a href= -"#a239.35">239(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salawàl <i lang="en">trousers</i> <a href= -"#a122.1">122(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-salaysày: isinalaysày <i lang="en">was -narrated</i> <a href="#a38.5">38(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salbáhi S. <i lang="en">savage</i>, <i lang= -"en">brutal</i>; <i lang="en">brute</i> <a href="#a44.4">44(4)</a>. -<a href="#a50.17">50(17)</a>. <a href="#a70.25">70(25)</a>.<br> -kasalbahíhan <i lang="en">brutality</i> <a href= -"#a54.28">54(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sáli: isáli <i lang="en">be taken -along</i>, <i lang="en">be included</i> <a href= -"#a248.37">248(37)</a>.<br> -isináli <i lang="en">was included</i> <a href= -"#a248.36">248(36)</a>.<br> -kasáli <i lang="en">participant</i> <a href= -"#a22.18">22(18)</a>. <a href="#a48.5">48(5)</a>.<br> -nàkasáli <i lang="en">got taken as companion</i> <a href= -"#a296.28">296(28)</a>.<br> -makàsáli <i lang="en">chance to take part</i> <a href= -"#a114.28">114(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salitàʾ <i lang="en">word</i>, <i lang= -"en">speech</i> <a href="#a18.13">18(13)</a>. <a href= -"#a20.41">20(41)</a>.<br> -magsalitàʾ <i lang="en">speak</i> <a href= -"#a28.39">28(39)</a>. <a href="#a80.37">80(37)</a>.<br> -nagsalitàʾ <i lang="en">spoke</i> <a href= -"#a104.19">104(19)</a>.<br> -pagsasalitàʾ <i lang="en">a speaking</i> <a href= -"#a80.40">80(40)</a>.<br> -pananalitàʾ <i lang="en">manner of speaking</i> <a href= -"#a44.35">44(35)</a>. <a href="#a50.15">50(15)</a>.<br> -pinagsalitaàn <i lang="en">was spoken to</i> <a href= -"#a76.3">76(3)</a>.<br> -sàlitáan <i lang="en">conversation</i> <a href= -"#a32.7">32(7)</a>. <a href="#a44.20">44(20)</a>.<br> -magsàlitáan <i lang="en">converse</i> <a href= -"#a114.5">114(5)</a>.<br> -nagsàsàlitáan <i lang="en">are conversing</i> -<a href="#a86.32">86(32)</a>.<br> -pagsasàlitáan <i lang="en">a conversing</i> <a href= -"#a28.11">28(11)</a>. <a href="#a64.10">64(10)</a>. <a href= -"#a88.3">88(3)</a>.<br> -kasàlitáan <i lang="en">one of two who converse -together</i> <a href="#a278.2">278(2)</a>.<br> -makapagsalitàʾ <i lang="en">be able to speak</i> <a href= -"#a50.14">50(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sálo: kasálo <i lang= -"en">fellow-partaker</i> <a href="#a42.8">42(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-salúboŋ: sinalúboŋ <i lang= -"en">was met</i> <a href="#a18.40">18(40)</a>. <a href= -"#a66.19">66(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sálok <i lang="en">dipper</i>; <i lang= -"en">basket</i> <a href="#a229.6">229(6)</a>.<br> -sumálok <i lang="en">dip out water</i> <a href= -"#a229.6">229(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-salúkoy: kasalukúyan <i lang= -"en">present</i>, <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb392" href="#pb392" -name="pb392">392</a>]</span><i lang="en">at the same time</i> <a href= -"#a36.40"><span class="corr" id="xd21e107851" title= -"Source: 361(1)">36(40)</span></a>. <a href="#a260.11">260(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">salòp <i lang="en">a dry measure</i>; <i lang= -"en">see</i> kabàn.</p> -<p class="par">sáma (a) <i lang="en">come along</i>, <i lang= -"en">go along</i> <a href="#a182.26">182(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a222.5">222(5)</a>.<br> -sumáma <i lang="en">go along</i> <a href="#a32.13">32(13)</a>. -<a href="#a66.30">66(30)</a>. <i lang="en">went along</i> <a href= -"#a140.19">140(19)</a>.<br> -sàsáma <i lang="en">will go along</i> <a href= -"#a84.12">84(12)</a>.<br> -pagsáma <i lang="en">a going along</i> <a href= -"#a104.30">104(30)</a>.<br> -pagsasáma <i lang="en">a going together</i> <a href= -"#a54.18">54(18)</a>.<br> -isáma <i lang="en">be taken along</i> <a href= -"#a84.32">84(32)</a>.<br> -isináma <i lang="en">was taken along</i> <a href= -"#a86.28">86(28)</a>.<br> -samáhan <i lang="en">be gone with</i> <a href= -"#a253.14">253(14)</a>.<br> -sinamáhan <i lang="en">was gone with</i> <a href= -"#a186.20">186(20)</a>.<br> -sàsamáhan <i lang="en">will be gone with</i> <a href= -"#a68.34">68(34)</a>.<br> -sàmáhan <i lang="en">society</i>, <i lang= -"en">company</i> <a href="#a296.32">296(32)</a>.<br> -sàmáha-ŋ-Sumúloŋ <i lang="en">the -Sumulong Co.</i> <a href="#a210.30">210(30)</a>.<br> -sàmáha-ŋ-ópera <i lang="en">opera company</i> -<a href="#a303.10">303(10)</a>.<br> -makisáma <i lang="en">go along with</i> <a href= -"#a202.23">202(23)</a>.<br> -kasáma <i lang="en">companion</i> 30(9.22). <a href= -"#a50.39">50(39)</a>. 273.<br> -magkakasáma <i lang="en">group of three or more companions</i> -<a href="#a28.25">28(25)</a>. <a href="#a48.39">48(39)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">With accent-shift</i>: samà <i lang= -"en">act as partners</i> <a href="#a223.20">223(20)</a>.<br> -kasamà <i lang="en">field-worker</i>, <i lang="en">peon</i> -<a href="#a72.32">72(32)</a>. <a href="#a86.22">86(22)</a>.<br> -kasamahàn <i lang="en">partner</i> <a href= -"#a108.32">108(32)</a>. <a href="#a210.35">210(35)</a>. <i lang= -"en">See</i> Sumúloŋ.<br> -magkakasamahàn <i lang="en">group of three or more</i> <a href= -"#a207.41">207(41)</a>. <a href="#a278.40">278(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">samàʾ <i lang="en">badness</i>, <i lang= -"en">injury</i> <a href="#a218.31">218(31)</a>.<br> -kasamaàn <i lang="en">badness</i>, <i lang= -"en">injuriousness</i> 276 (37).<br> -kasamaà-ŋ-pálad <i lang="en">bad fortune</i> -<a href="#a42.28">42(28)</a>.<br> -masamàʾ <i lang="en">bad</i>, <i lang="en">hurtful</i>, -<i lang="en">ugly</i> <a href="#a40.14">40(14)</a>. <a href= -"#a50.7">50(7)</a>. <a href="#a58.39">58(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sambalílo (S.) <i lang="en">hat</i> <a href= -"#a137.42">137(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sampàl <i lang="en">a slap</i> <a href= -"#a24.23">24(23)</a>.<br> -sinampàl <i lang="en">was slapped</i> <a href= -"#a24.22">24(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sampày <i lang="en">that hung across</i> <a href= -"#a251.33">251(33)</a>.<br> -nagsampày <i lang="en">hung across</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> -<a href="#a232.31">232(31)</a>.<br> -isinampày <i lang="en">was hung across</i> <a href= -"#a248.38">248(38)</a>.<br> -sampáyan <i lang="en">clothes-line</i> <a href= -"#a223.33">223(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sam-Pédro S. <i lang="en">St. Peter</i> <a href= -"#a72.27">72(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sána <i lang="en">in that case</i>, <i lang= -"en">then</i> <a href="#a34.17">34(17)</a>. <a href= -"#a74.23">74(23)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p230"><b>230</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">San-Antóniyo S. <i lang="en">place-n.</i> -<a href="#a34.29">34(29)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> táo.</p> -<p class="par">sánay <i lang="en">practice</i> <a href= -"#a46.16">46(16)</a>.<br> -sanày <i lang="en">practised</i> <a href= -"#a46.24">46(24)</a>.<br> -pasasánay <i lang="en">a drilling</i> <a href= -"#a116.29">116(29)</a>.<br> -pagkasánay <i lang="en">a past practising</i> <a href= -"#a46.23">46(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">San-Visènte S. <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a220.40">220(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sandalìʾ <i lang="en">moment</i>, <i lang= -"en">while</i>, <i lang="en">short space of time</i> <a href= -"#a18.6">18(6)</a>. <a href="#a24.11">24(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sandáliyas S. <i lang="en">sandals</i> <a href= -"#a278.35">278(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sandòk <i lang="en">cooking-dipper of -cocoanut-shell</i> <a href="#a74.5">74(5)</a>.<br> -sumandòk <i lang="en">dipped out</i> <a href= -"#a229.8">229(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sanhìʾ <i lang="en">cause</i> <a href= -"#a190.16">190(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sánib: sumánib <i lang="en">make -one’s sleeping-mat overlap</i> <a href="#a229.8">229(8)</a>.<br> -isánib <i lang="en">be made to overlap</i> <a href= -"#a248.7">248(7)</a>.<br> -kasánib <i lang="en">overlapping</i> <a href= -"#a266.18">266(18)</a>.<br> -magkasánib <i lang="en">two that overlap</i> <a href= -"#a269.38">269(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">San-Ildepònso S. <i lang="en">place-n<span class= -"corr" id="xd21e108357" title="Not in source">.</span></i> <a href= -"#a100.10">100(10)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> -lúpaʾ<span class="corr" id="xd21e108366" title= -"Not in source">.</span></p> -<p class="par">San-Matéyo S. <i lang="en">place-n.</i>, <i lang= -"en">see</i> báyan.</p> -<p class="par">San-Migèl S. <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a50.9">50(9)</a>. <a href="#a116.6">116(6)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> -báyan.</p> -<p class="par">sànto S. <i lang="en">saint</i> <a href= -"#a98.15">98(15)</a>. <a href="#a104.15">104(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sàntos S. <i lang="en">family-n.</i> <a href= -"#a209.26">209(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">santòl <i lang="en">fruit and tree of <span lang= -"la">Sandoricum Indicum L.</span></i> <a href="#a34.40">34(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">saŋà <i lang="en">bough</i> <a href= -"#a34.28">34(28)</a>. <a href="#a118.28">118(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-saŋgà: sumásaŋgà -<i lang="en">is warding off</i> <a href="#a106.36">106(36)</a>.<br> -sinásaŋgà <i lang="en">is being warded off</i> -<a href="#a106.35">106(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Saŋ-Huwàn S. <i lang="en">St. John</i> -<a href="#a104.6">104(6)</a>. <a href="#a110.10">110(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">saŋkálan <i lang="en">chopping-block</i> -<a href="#a256.1">256(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">saŋkàp <i lang="en">accompaniment</i> -<a href="#a221.22">221(22)</a>.<br> -kasaŋkàp <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a266.20">266(20)</a>.<br> -kasaŋkápan <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb393" href= -"#pb393" name="pb393">393</a>]</span> <i lang="en">utensil</i>, -<i lang="en">tool</i>, <i lang="en">appurtenances</i> 58(2.33). -<a href="#a74.6">74(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-saŋl, <i lang="en">see</i> sála.</p> -<p class="par">sanlàʾ <i lang="en">pledge</i> <a href= -"#a252.22">252(22)</a>.<br> -saŋláan <i lang="en">place for pledges</i>, <i lang= -"en">see</i> báhay.</p> -<p class="par">sápaʾ <i lang="en">pond</i> <a href= -"#a88.26">88(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sapagkàt <i lang="en">because</i> <a href= -"#a20.17">20(17)</a>. <a href="#a201.36">201(36)</a>. <a href= -"#p306"><b>306</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sapantáhaʾ: sinapantáhaʾ -<i lang="en">was conjectured</i> <a href="#a38.25">38(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sapàt <i lang="en">sufficient</i> <a href= -"#a305.19">305(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sapátos S. <i lang="en">shoes</i> <a href= -"#a32.35">32(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sápit: sumápit <i lang="en">arrived</i>, -<i lang="en">came</i> <a href="#a62.24">62(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sarà: paŋsarà <i lang= -"en">instrument for closing</i> <a href="#a225.19">225(19)</a>.<br> -sumásarà <i lang="en">closes</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> -<a href="#a225.20">225(20)</a>.<br> -pagsasarà <i lang="en">a closing</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> -<a href="#a26.36">26(36)</a>.<br> -isinarà <i lang="en">was closed</i> <a href= -"#a80.1">80(1)</a>.<br> -pagkásarà <i lang="en">a chance closing</i> <a href= -"#a80.17">80(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-saràp: masasaràp <i lang="en">tasty</i>, -<i lang="en">pl.</i> 34 (39).</p> -<p class="par">sáriʾ sárì-sáriʾ -<i lang="en">various</i> <a href="#a48.15">48(15)</a>. <a href= -"#a74.31">74(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">saríle <i lang="en">self</i>; <i lang= -"en">own</i> <a href="#a48.33">48(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a62.12">62(12)</a>. <a href="#a72.13">72(13)</a>. <a href= -"#p137"><b>137</b></a>. <a href="#p169"><b>169</b></a>. <a href= -"#p175"><b>175</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">saríwaʾ <i lang="en">moist</i>; <i lang= -"en">fresh</i> <a href="#a184.9">184(9)</a>.<br> -nanaríwaʾ <i lang="en">got fresh</i> <a href= -"#a76.40">76(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">satsàt <i lang="en">tonsure</i> <a href= -"#a106.21">106(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sawìʾ <i lang="en">awkward</i> <a href= -"#a219.15">219(15)</a>. <a href="#a276.33">276(33)</a>.<br> -sawì-ŋ-pálad <i lang="en">unlucky</i> <a href= -"#a211.8">211(8)</a>.<br> -nasawì-ŋ-pálad <i lang="en">became unlucky</i> -<a href="#a54.3">54(3)</a>.<br> -kasawiàn <i lang="en">awkwardness</i> <a href= -"#a276.37">276(37)</a>.<br> -kasawià-ŋ-pálad <i lang="en">bad fortune</i> -<a href="#a94.37">94(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sáya S. <i lang="en">dress</i>, <i lang= -"en">skirt</i> <a href="#a240.41">240(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sayà: kasàyáhan <i lang= -"en">gladness</i> <a href="#a275.27">275(27)</a>.<br> -masayà <i lang="en">gay</i> <a href="#a80.15">80(15)</a>. -<a href="#a92.28">92(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sáyad: magsisáyad <i lang="en">get -wearied</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a118.20">118(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sáyaŋ <i lang="en">that regretted</i> -<a href="#a219.16">219(16)</a>.<br> -naŋhináyaŋ <i lang="en">grieved</i> <a href= -"#a292.14">292(14)</a>.<br> -naŋhìhináyaŋ <i lang="en">is mourning</i> -<a href="#a241.24">241(24)</a>.<br> -paŋhihináyaŋ <i lang="en">a mourning</i> <a href= -"#a241.26">241(26)</a>.<br> -paŋhinayáŋan <i lang="en">be regretted</i> <a href= -"#a257.6">257(6)</a>.<br> -paŋhìhinayáŋan <i lang="en">will be -regretted</i> <a href="#a191.31">191(31)</a>.<br> -pinaŋhinayáŋan <i lang="en">was regretted</i> <a href= -"#a257.12">257(12)</a>.<br> -pinaŋhìhinayáŋan <i lang="en">is being -regretted</i> <a href="#a257.13">257(13)</a>.<br> -nasáyaŋ <i lang="en">went for naught</i> <a href= -"#a285.5">285(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sayàw: sumayàw <i lang="en">dance</i> -<a href="#a110.32">110(32)</a>. <i lang="en">danced</i> <a href= -"#a186.18">186(18)</a>.<br> -sumásayàw <i lang="en">is dancing</i> <a href= -"#a112.2">112(2)</a>.<br> -pagsayàw <i lang="en">a dancing</i> <a href= -"#a112.4">112(4)</a>.<br> -nagsásayàw <i lang="en">is performing a dance</i> -<a href="#a110.38">110(38)</a>.<br> -sayawàn <i lang="en">be danced before</i> <a href= -"#a253.15">253(15)</a>.<br> -sinayawàn <i lang="en">was danced to</i> <a href= -"#a186.21">186(21)</a>.<br> -sàyáwan <i lang="en">dance by many</i>; <i lang= -"en">ball</i> <a href="#a112.5">112(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a186.19">186(19)</a>. <a href="#a258.4">258(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">si siy <i lang="en">particle of names</i> <a href= -"#a20.2">20(2)</a>. <a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href= -"#p58"><b>58</b></a>. <a href="#p62"><b>62</b></a>. <a href= -"#p78"><b>78</b></a>. <a href="#p126"><b>126</b></a>. <a href= -"#p162"><b>162</b></a>. <a href="#p196"><b>196</b></a>.<br> -ni <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">of</i>, <i lang="en">by</i> -<a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href="#p162"><b>162</b></a>.<br> -kay <i lang="en">loc.</i>, <i lang="en">to<span class="corr" id= -"xd21e109008" title="Not in source">,</span> for</i> <a href= -"#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href="#p196"><b>196</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">Sibòl <i lang="en">place-n.</i> <a href= -"#a118.26">118(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sibúyas S. <i lang="en">onions</i> <a href= -"#a76.17">76(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sigàʾ <i lang="en">bonfire</i> <a href= -"#a66.16">66(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sigàŋ: isigàŋ <i lang="en">be -put on the fire</i> <a href="#a248.39">248(39)</a>.<br> -nakasigàŋ <i lang="en">is cooking</i> <a href= -"#a281.6">281(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sigaríliyo S. <i lang="en">cigarette</i> <a href= -"#a227.1">227(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sigàw <i lang="en">that cried</i> <a href= -"#a221.23">221(23)</a>.<br> -sumigàw <i lang="en">yelled</i> <a href= -"#a24.21">24(21)</a>.<br> -sísigàw <i lang="en">will yell</i> <a href= -"#a24.19">24(19)</a>.<br> -pagsigàw <i lang="en">a shouting</i> <a href= -"#a42.41">42(41)</a>.<br> -nagsisigàw <i lang="en">kept shouting</i> <a href= -"#a16.31">16(31)</a>. <a href="#a44.40">44(40)</a>.<br> -nagsísisigàw <i lang="en">screams continually</i> -<a href="#a40.42">40(42)</a>.<br> -pagsisigàw <i lang="en">a continual shouting</i> <a href= -"#a16.26">16(26)</a>. <a href="#a44.26">44(26)</a>.<br> -isinigàw <i lang="en">was cried out</i> <a href= -"#a24.13">24(13)</a>. <a href="#a68.39">68(39)</a>.<br> -sinigawàn <i lang="en">was yelled at</i> <a href= -"#a253.16">253(16)</a>.<br> -sìgáwan <i lang="en">a shouting by many</i> <a href= -"#a258.5">258(5)</a>.<br> -magsìsìgáwan <i lang="en">will yell together</i> -<a href="#a236.18">236(18)</a>.<br> -pagsisìgáwan <i lang="en">a yelling together</i> <a href= -"#a48.37">48(37)</a>.<br> -nakasísigàw <i lang="en">is able to cry out</i> <a href= -"#a84.25">84(25)</a>.<br> -pasigàw <i lang="en">in a shout</i> <a href= -"#a70.24">70(24)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb394" href="#pb394" name= -"pb394">394</a>]</span>nápasigàw <i lang= -"en">involuntarily gave a shout</i> <a href="#a88.27">88(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sigl, <i lang="en">see</i> silìd.</p> -<p class="par">-siglà: masiglà <i lang="en">cheerful</i> -<a href="#a276.35">276(35)</a>.<br> -magpasiglà <i lang="en">cause to be cheerful</i> <a href= -"#a112.11">112(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sigúro S. <i lang="en">no doubt</i> <a href= -"#a18.24">18(24)</a>. <a href="#a80.39">80(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">siìt <i lang="en">spines at base of -bamboo-cluster</i> <a href="#a246.27">246(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-síkad: sumíkad <i lang="en">kicked at</i> -<a href="#a229.9">229(9)</a>.<br> -nagsísikàd <i lang="en">kicks repeatedly</i> <a href= -"#a238.3">238(3)</a>.<br> -nagsísisikàd <i lang="en">is kicking much and -repeatedly</i> <a href="#a239.11">239(11)</a>.<br> -sinikáran <i lang="en">was kicked at</i> <a href= -"#a253.17">253(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">síkat <i lang="en">ray of light</i> <a href= -"#a66.22">66(22)</a>.<br> -sumìsíkat <i lang="en">is shining</i> <a href= -"#a78.4">78(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sikìp: sumikìp <i lang="en">became -narrow</i> <a href="#a229.10">229(10)</a>.<br> -nagsikìp <i lang="en">grew crowded</i> <a href= -"#a234.27">234(27)</a>.<br> -masikìp <i lang="en">crowded</i> <a href= -"#a98.39">98(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sekréta S. <i lang="en">spy</i> <a href= -"#a168.5">168(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-siksìk: sumiksìk <i lang="en">crowded his -way</i> <a href="#a229.13">229(13)</a>.<br> -nagsísiksìk <i lang="en">is stuffing</i> <a href= -"#a234.29">234(29)</a>.<br> -nakìkipagsiksíkan <i lang="en">takes part in the -crowding</i> <a href="#a98.41">98(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">síko <i lang="en">elbow</i> <a href= -"#a48.19">48(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">síko, <i lang="en">see</i> tsíko.</p> -<p class="par">-síkot: pasíkot-síkot <i lang= -"en">nooks and corners</i> <a href="#a300.33">300(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">silà <i lang="en">they</i> <a href= -"#a18.27">18(27)</a>. <a href="#p63"><b>63</b></a>.<br> -nilà <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">by them</i>, <i lang= -"en">of them</i> <a href="#a16.7">16(7)</a>. <a href= -"#p163"><b>163</b></a>.<br> -kanilà <i lang="en">prep. and loc.</i>, <i lang="en">their</i>, -<i lang="en">by them</i>, <i lang="en">them</i> <a href= -"#a18.26">18(26)</a>. <a href="#p165"><b>165</b></a>. <a href= -"#p169"><b>169</b></a>.<br> -kaní-kanilà <i lang="en">prep. and loc.</i>, <i lang= -"en">their various</i>, <i lang="en">their respective</i> <a href= -"#a26.37">26(37)</a>. <a href="#p165"><b>165</b></a>. <a href= -"#p169"><b>169</b></a>.<a id="xd21e109457" name="xd21e109457"></a></p> -<p class="par">silà, <i lang="en">see</i> sinà.</p> -<p class="par">silakbò <i lang="en">a flare</i>, <i lang= -"en">leap</i> <a href="#a231.6">231(6)</a>. <a href= -"#a254.26">254(26)</a>.<br> -sumilakbò <i lang="en">flared up</i> <a href= -"#a229.14">229(14)</a>.<br> -sinìsilakbuhàn <i lang="en">is being welled up in</i> -<a href="#a22.15">22(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sílaŋ: sìláŋan <i lang= -"en">place of rising</i> <a href="#a259.41">259(41)</a>.<br> -silaŋàn <i lang="en">place of child-birth</i> <a href= -"#a260.26">260(26)</a>.<br> -sìlaŋánan <i lang="en">east</i> <a href= -"#a163.27">163(27)</a>.<br> -siláŋan <i lang="en">east</i>; <i lang="en">place-n.</i> -<a href="#a163.27">163(27)</a>. <a href="#a261.13">261(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-silbè (S.): magsilbè <i lang= -"en">serve</i> <a href="#a40.7">40(7)</a>.<br> -pinagsìsilbihàn <i lang="en">is being waited on</i> -<a href="#a64.12">64(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">síle S. <i lang="en">chile pepper</i> <a href= -"#a76.16">76(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">silìd <i lang="en">small room</i> <a href= -"#a84.39">84(39)</a>. <a href="#a114.13">114(13)</a>.<br> -sumilìd <i lang="en">get into a small space</i> <a href= -"#a104.34">104(34)</a>.<br> -isilìd <i lang="en">be put in</i> <a href= -"#a248.40">248(40)</a>.<br> -siglàn <i lang="en">be filled</i> <a href= -"#a138.5">138(5)</a>.<br> -siniglàn <i lang="en">was filled</i> <a href= -"#a20.17">20(17.34)</a>.<br> -sinìsiglàn <i lang="en">is being filled</i> <a href= -"#a20.6">20(6)</a>.<br> -pinagsisiglàn <i lang="en">was variously filled</i> <a href= -"#a118.7">118(7)</a>. <a href="#a256.20">256(20)</a>.<br> -pagkásilìd <i lang="en">a chance putting away</i> -<a href="#a104.37">104(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sílip: sinílip <i lang="en">was peeped -at</i> <a href="#a106.20">106(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">síliya S. <i lang="en">chair</i> <a href= -"#a234.12">234(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">síloŋ <i lang="en">ground-floor</i>, -<i lang="en">space under platform of house</i> <a href= -"#a260.29">260(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-simbà: magsimbà <i lang="en">go to -church</i> <a href="#a78.37">78(37)</a>.<br> -nagsimbà <i lang="en">went to church</i> <a href= -"#a242.18">242(18)</a>.<br> -nagsísimbà <i lang="en">goes to church</i> <a href= -"#a56.13">56(13)</a>.<br> -simbáhan <i lang="en">church</i> <a href= -"#a20.15">20(15)</a>.<br> -mapagsimbà <i lang="en">devout</i> <a href= -"#a98.10">98(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sinà silà <i lang="en">pl. particle of -names</i> <a href="#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href="#p60"><b>60</b></a>. -<a href="#p62"><b>62</b></a>. <a href="#p162"><b>162</b></a>. <a href= -"#p196"><b>196</b></a>.<br> -ninà nilà <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">of</i>, -<i lang="en">by</i> <a href="#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href= -"#p162"><b>162</b></a>.<br> -kinà <i lang="en">loc., to, for</i> 48. 196.</p> -<p class="par">sínag <i lang="en">ray</i> <a href= -"#a66.36">66(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">síne S. <i lang="en">cinematograph</i> <a href= -"#a204.22">204(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sinélas S. <i lang="en">sandals</i> <a href= -"#a70.1">70(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">séniyas S. <i lang="en">signals</i> <a href= -"#a246.22">246(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sintà: pagsintà <i lang="en">a proffering -love</i> <a href="#a229.16">229(16)</a>.<br> -sinísintà <i lang="en">is being loved</i> <a href= -"#a245.5">245(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sèntimos S. <i lang="en">centimos</i>, <i lang= -"en">cents</i> <a href="#a222.37">222(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">síno <i lang="en">who?</i> <a href= -"#p97"><b>97</b></a>. <a href="#p167"><b>167</b></a>.<br> -síno-síno <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#p97"><b>97</b></a>. <a href="#p131"><b>131</b></a>.<br> -níno <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">of whom?</i> <i lang= -"en">by whom?</i> <a href="#p167"><b>167</b></a>. <a href= -"#p168"><b>168</b></a>.<br> -kaníno <i lang="en">prep. and loc.</i>, <i lang="en">whose?</i> -<i lang="en">by whom?</i> <a href="#p168"><b>168</b></a>. <a href= -"#p169"><b>169</b></a>.<br> -kaní-kaníno <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#p168"><b>168</b></a>. <a href="#p169"><b>169</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">sinuŋáliŋ <i lang="en">mendacious</i> -<a href="#a219.17">219(17)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb395" href="#pb395" name= -"pb395">395</a>]</span>nagsísinuŋalìŋ <i lang= -"en">tells lies</i> <a href="#a238.5">238(5)</a>.<br> -kasinuŋalíŋan <i lang="en">falsehood</i> <a href= -"#a276.38">276(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-siŋìl: paniniŋìl <i lang="en">a -dunning</i> <a href="#a313.1">313(1)</a>.<br> -siŋilìn <i lang="en">be dunned for</i> <a href= -"#a264.14">264(14)</a>.<br> -sinísiŋìl <i lang="en">is being claimed</i> <a href= -"#a54.23">54(23)</a>.<br> -násiŋìl <i lang="en">got collected</i> <a href= -"#a294.7">294(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">siŋkamàs (S.) <i lang="la">Pachyrizus -angulatus Rich.</i> <a href="#a76.16">76(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-siŋkàw: nagpasiŋkàw <i lang= -"en">caused to be hitched up</i> <a href="#a52.35">52(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">siŋsìŋ <i lang="en">ring</i> <a href= -"#a102.2">102(2)</a>.<br> -palàsiŋsíŋan <i lang="en">the ring finger</i> -<a href="#a315.25">315(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sípaʾ <i lang="en">that kicked away</i>; -<i lang="en">football</i> <a href="#a46.32">46(32)</a>.<br> -pagsípaʾ <i lang="en">a kicking</i> <a href= -"#a48.15">48(15)</a>.<br> -màninípaʾ <i lang="en">football-player</i> <a href= -"#a48.24">48(24)</a>.<br> -sipáin <i lang="en">be kicked away</i> <a href= -"#a84.9">84(9)</a>.<br> -sinípaʾ <i lang="en">was kicked away</i> 24(45). <a href= -"#a84.3">84(3)</a>.<br> -pinagsipàʾ <i lang="en">was variously kicked</i> <a href= -"#a84.43">84(43)</a>.<br> -pinagsisipàʾ <i lang="en">was variously and repeatedly -kicked</i> <a href="#a84.21">84(21)</a>.<br> -sipéro <i lang="en">football-player</i> <a href= -"#a316.11">316(11)</a>.<br> -sipéros <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a48.24">48(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sípag: kasipágan <i lang= -"en">diligence</i> <a href="#a276.38">276(38)</a>.<br> -masípag <i lang="en">diligent</i> <a href= -"#a64.14">64(14)</a>.<br> -masisípag <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a34.35">34(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-síraʾ (a) nagkasíraʾ <i lang= -"en">got partly spoiled</i> <a href="#a268.37">268(37)</a>.<br> -nakasìsíraʾ <i lang="en">causes ruin</i> <a href= -"#a235.27">235(27)</a>.<br> -masíraʾ <i lang="en">be able to be destroyed</i> <a href= -"#a283.40">283(40)</a>.<br> -nasíraʾ <i lang="en">was destroyed</i>; <i lang= -"en">deceased</i> <a href="#a78.5">78(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a285.7">285(7)</a>.<br> -nasìsiráan <i lang="en">gets damaged</i> <a href= -"#a301.24">301(24)</a>.<br> -màsíraʾ <i lang="en">get destroyed</i> <a href= -"#a293.26">293(26)</a>.<br> -nàsìsíraʾ <i lang="en">gets destroyed</i> -<a href="#a191.32">191(32)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>:<br> -siràʾ <i lang="en">destroyed</i> <a href= -"#a223.3">223(3)</a>.<br> -kasiràʾ <i lang="en">opponent in anger</i> <a href= -"#a266.42">266(42)</a>.<br> -magkasiràʾ <i lang="en">break with each other</i> <a href= -"#a24.28">24(28)</a>.<br> -nagkasiràʾ <i lang="en">had a falling out</i> <a href= -"#a269.20">269(20)</a>.<br> -nagsipagkasiràʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a269.28">269(28)</a>.<br> -kasiraàn <i lang="en">ruin</i> <a href="#a94.12">94(12)</a>.<br> -kasiraà-ŋ-púri <i lang="en">injury to honor</i> -<a href="#a94.16">94(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">serbísiyo S. <i lang="en">service</i> <a href= -"#a62.35">62(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sèrmon S. <i lang="en">sermon</i> <a href= -"#a20.16">20(16)</a>.<br> -isinèsèrmon <i lang="en">is being preached about</i> -<a href="#a50.16">50(16)</a>.<br> -sinèsèrmunan <i lang="en">is being preached to</i> -<a href="#a50.13">50(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sísi: magsísi <i lang="en">repent</i> -<a href="#a20.31">20(31)</a>.<br> -magsipagsísi <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a22.2">22(2)</a>.<br> -pagsisísi <i lang="en">a repenting</i> <a href= -"#a22.25">22(25)</a>.<br> -pinagsisíhan <i lang="en">was repented</i> <a href= -"#a291.9">291(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sísid: sumísid <i lang="en">stay under -water</i> <a href="#a168.41">168(41)</a>.<br> -pagsísid <i lang="en">a staying under water</i> <a href= -"#a309.10">309(10)</a>.<br> -nàsìsísid <i lang="en">is submerged</i> <a href= -"#a88.35">88(35)</a>.<br> -pagpapasísid <i lang="en">a causing to dive</i> <a href= -"#a116.38">116(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sítaw <i lang="en">the cow-pea</i>, <i lang= -"la">Vigna catjang Endl.</i> <a href="#a76.16">76(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">siyà <i lang="en">he</i>, <i lang="en">she</i>; -<i lang="en">that which</i> <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p63"><b>63</b></a>. <a href="#p106"><b>106</b></a>.<br> -niyà <i lang="en">disj.</i>, <i lang="en">by him</i>, <i lang= -"en">of him</i>, <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p163"><b>163</b></a>.<br> -kaniyà <i lang="en">prep. and loc.</i>, <i lang="en">his</i>, -<i lang="en">by him</i>, <i lang="en">him</i> <a href= -"#p165"><b>165</b></a>. <a href="#p169"><b>169</b></a>.<br> -kásiyà <i lang="en">sufficient</i> <a href= -"#a268.8">268(8)</a>.<br> -magkàkàsiyà <i lang="en">will be sufficient</i> -<a href="#a271.4">271(4)</a>.<br> -pagkàsiyahàn <i lang="en">be a sufficient container</i> -<a href="#a52.13">52(13)</a>.<br> -makasísiyà <i lang="en">will be adequate</i> <a href= -"#a281.7">281(7)</a>.<br> -nasiyahàn <i lang="en">got what corresponded to it</i> <a href= -"#a66.21">66(21)</a>.<br> -nasìsiyahàn <i lang="en">gets what corresponds to it</i> -<a href="#a112.26">112(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-siyádo (S. <i lang="es">demasiado</i>)<br> -:masiyádo <i lang="en">excessive</i> <a href= -"#a54.19">54(19)</a>. <a href="#a289.17">289(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">siyàm <i lang="en">nine</i> <a href= -"#a38.6">38(6)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>. paŋsiyàm -<i lang="en">number nine</i> <a href="#a225.38">225(38)</a>.<br> -makásiyàm <i lang="en">nine times</i> <a href= -"#a298.33">298(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">siyásat <i lang="en">that inquired into</i> -<a href="#a203.5">203(5)</a>.<br> -nagsiyásat <i lang="en">inquired</i> <a href="#a28.2">28(2)</a>. -<a href="#a203.2">203(2)</a>.<br> -pagsisiyásat <i lang="en">an inquiring</i> <a href= -"#a66.21">66(21)</a>.<br> -maniyásat <i lang="en">pry into</i> <a href= -"#a240.33">240(33)</a>.<br> -siniyásat <i lang="en">was interrogated</i> <a href= -"#a64.34">64(34)</a>.<br> -nasiyásat <i lang="en">has been inquiring into</i> <a href= -"#a199.32">199(32)</a>.<br> -mapagsiyásat <i lang="en">inquisitive</i> <a href= -"#a40.20">40(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">siyèmpre S. <i lang="en">always</i> <a href= -"#p262"><b>262</b></a>(13).</p> -<p class="par">siyéte-palábras S. <i lang="en">Easter -Mass</i> <a href="#a20.29">20(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">subálit <i lang="en">but</i> <a href= -"#p322"><b>322</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-subò: sumubò <i lang="en">boiled -over</i>, <i lang="en">intr.</i> <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb396" -href="#pb396" name="pb396">396</a>]</span>52(12).<br> -sinubhàn <i lang="en">was boiled over in</i> <a href= -"#a54.30">54(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súboʾ <i lang="en">mouthful</i> <a href= -"#a221.24">221(24)</a>.<br> -pagsusúboʾ <i lang="en">a feeding</i> <a href= -"#a219.15">219(15)</a>.<br> -subúan <i lang="en">be fed</i> <a href= -"#a253.19">253(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-súbok: nanùnúbok <i lang="en">is -spying</i> <a href="#a40.24">40(24)</a>.<br> -subúkan <i lang="en">be watched for</i>, <i lang="en">put to a -test</i> <a href="#a68.8">68(8)</a>. <a href= -"#a102.34">102(34)</a>.<br> -sinubúkan <i lang="en">was put to a test</i> <a href= -"#a56.39">56(39)</a>.<br> -sinùsubúkan <i lang="en">is being spied on</i> <a href= -"#a40.22">40(22)</a>.<br> -masubúkan <i lang="en">be able to be tested</i> <a href= -"#a265.20">265(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sugàl (S.): nagsúsugàl <i lang= -"en">is gambling</i> <a href="#a269.22">269(22)</a>.<br> -nagsipagsugàl <i lang="en">gambled</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a190.34">190(34)</a>.<br> -pagsusugàl <i lang="en">a gambling</i> <a href= -"#a251.29">251(29)</a>.<br> -sùgálan <i lang="en">gambling-party</i> <a href= -"#a174.29">174(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súgat <i lang="en">a wound</i> <a href= -"#a20.8">20(8)</a>.<br> -sumúgat <i lang="en">wounded</i> <a href= -"#a20.38">20(38)</a>.<br> -sinugátan <i lang="en">was wounded</i> <a href= -"#a253.20">253(20)</a>.<br> -sugatàn <i lang="en">wounded person</i>, <i lang="en">the -wounded</i> <a href="#a20.39">20(39)</a>. <a href= -"#a260.28">260(28)</a>.<br> -nagsugatàn <i lang="en">wounded each other</i> <a href= -"#a237.3">237(3)</a>.<br> -masugátan <i lang="en">be able to be wounded</i> <a href= -"#a36.21">36(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súhaʾ <i lang="en">grape-fruit</i> <a href= -"#a34.40">34(40)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> púnoʾ.</p> -<p class="par">súhol <i lang="en">a bribe</i> <a href= -"#a72.39">72(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súkaʾ <i lang="en">wine set to sour</i>, -<i lang="en">vinegar</i> <a href="#a289.2">289(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súkat <i lang="en">proper</i>, <i lang= -"en">fitting</i> <a href="#a58.18">58(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a98.24">98(24)</a>. <a href="#p268"><b>268</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">suklày <i lang="en">comb</i> <a href= -"#a229.19">229(19)</a>.<br> -sumuklày <i lang="en">combed</i> <a href= -"#a229.18">229(18)</a>.<br> -nagsuklày <i lang="en">combed himself</i> <a href= -"#a234.30">234(30)</a>.<br> -sinuklày <i lang="en">was combed</i> <a href= -"#a245.7">245(7)</a>.<br> -sinuklayàn <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a253.21">253(21)</a>.<br> -nagpasuklày <i lang="en">caused himself to be combed</i> -<a href="#a303.22">303(22)</a>.<br> -pinapagsuklày <i lang="en">was caused to comb himself</i> -<a href="#a305.26">305(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súlat <i lang="en">that written</i>, <i lang= -"en">letter</i> <a href="#a52.10">52(10)</a>.<br> -sulàt <i lang="en">written</i> <a href= -"#a199.30">199(30)</a>.<br> -sumúlat <i lang="en">write</i> <a href="#a140.18">140(18)</a>. -<i lang="en">wrote</i> <a href="#a50.39">50(39)</a>.<br> -sùsúlat <i lang="en">will write</i> <a href= -"#a138.11">138(11)</a>.<br> -sumùsúlat <i lang="en">is writing</i> <a href= -"#a146.5">146(5)</a>.<br> -pagsúlat <i lang="en">a writing</i> <a href= -"#a140.29">140(29)</a>.<br> -pagsusulàt <i lang="en">a writing in quantity</i> <a href= -"#a238.5">238(5)</a>.<br> -panunúlat <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a240.35">240(35)</a>.<br> -magsusulàt <i lang="en">clerk</i>, <i lang="en">scribe</i> -<a href="#a243.2">243(2)</a>.<br> -mánunulàt <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a243.20">243(20)</a>.<br> -sinúlat <i lang="en">was written</i> <a href= -"#a154.8">154(8)</a>. <a href="#a245.9">245(9)</a>.<br> -isinúlat <i lang="en">was put into writing</i> <a href= -"#a94.22">94(22)</a>. <a href="#a184.35">184(35)</a>.<br> -sulátan <i lang="en">be written to</i> <a href= -"#a154.19">154(19)</a>.<br> -sulatàn <i lang="en">writing-desk</i> <a href= -"#a217.13">217(13)</a>.<br> -kasùlátan kasulatàn <i lang="en">correspondent</i> -278(12. 24).<br> -makasúlat <i lang="en">be able to write</i> <a href= -"#a282.2">282(2)</a>.<br> -nakasùsúlat <i lang="en">is able to write</i> <a href= -"#a282.1">282(1)</a>.<br> -nakàsúlat <i lang="en">happened to write</i> <a href= -"#a176.38">176(38)</a>.<br> -tagasúlat <i lang="en">writer</i> <a href= -"#a315.39">315(39)</a>.<br> -tagapagpasúlat <i lang="en">overseer of writers</i> <a href= -"#a316.5">316(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-súlid: sumúlid <i lang="en">spin -thread</i> <a href="#a229.19">229(19)</a>.<br> -sinúlid <i lang="en">thread</i> <a href= -"#a184.4">184(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sulihiyà <i lang="en">the weave</i> <a href= -"#a48.1">48(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">suléras S. <i lang="en">joists</i> <a href= -"#a234.43">234(43)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sulsè (S.): manulsè <i lang="en">darn</i> -<a href="#a169.2">169(2)</a>.<br> -tagasulsè <i lang="en">darning-woman</i> <a href= -"#a169.1">169(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sulòʾ <i lang="en">torch</i> <a href= -"#a90.26">90(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súlok <i lang="en">corner</i> <a href= -"#a52.33">52(33)</a>. <a href="#a64.22">64(22)</a>.<br> -sulòk-sulòk <i lang="en">nooks and corners</i> <a href= -"#a64.21">64(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súloŋ <i lang="en">go ahead</i> <a href= -"#a151.39">151(39)</a>.<br> -sumúloŋ <i lang="en">push ahead</i> <a href= -"#a229.19">229(19)</a>. <i lang="en">also as family-n.</i> -(Sumúloŋ at kasamahàn: <i lang="en">see</i> -bìgásan).<br> -pagsúloŋ <i lang="en">a pushing on</i>; <i lang="en">a -going away</i> <a href="#a88.41">88(41)</a>. <a href= -"#a308.36">308(36)</a>.<br> -isùsúloŋ <i lang="en">will be pushed forward</i> -<a href="#a58.3">58(3)</a>.<br> -isinùsúloŋ <i lang="en">is being pushed ahead</i> -<a href="#a230.3">230(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súman <i lang="en">steamed rice in -banana-leaves</i> <a href="#a227.1">227(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sombréro S. <i lang="en">hat</i> <a href= -"#a137.41">137(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sumbòŋ <i lang="en">complaint</i> <a href= -"#a96.12">96(12)</a>.<br> -nagsumbòŋ <i lang="en">brought a charge</i> <a href= -"#a100.21">100(21)</a>.<br> -ipagsumbòŋ <i lang="en">be complained of</i> <a href= -"#a96.35">96(35)</a>.<br> -ipinagsumbòŋ <i lang="en">was complained <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb397" href="#pb397" name="pb397">397</a>]</span> -of</i> <a href="#a38.1">38(1)</a>. <a href="#a96.10">96(10)</a>.<br> -palasumbúŋin <i lang="en">tattle-tale</i> <a href= -"#a315.10">315(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sumpòŋ: pagsumpòŋ <i lang= -"en">attack</i>, <i lang="en">fit</i> <a href= -"#a313.22">313(22)</a>.<br> -sinumpòŋ <i lang="en">was overcome</i> <a href= -"#a18.36">18(36)</a>. <a href="#a84.14">84(14)</a>.<br> -sinúsumpòŋ <i lang="en">is being overcome</i> -<a href="#a108.27">108(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sundálo S. <i lang="en">soldier</i> <a href= -"#a52.23">52(23)</a>.<br> -nagsundálo <i lang="en">became a soldier</i> <a href= -"#a183.2">183(2)</a>.<br> -pagsusundálo <i lang="en">military service</i> <a href= -"#a303.34">303(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sundòʾ: sumundòʾ <i lang= -"en">fetch</i> <a href="#a229.21">229(21)</a><span class="corr" id= -"xd21e111320" title="Not in source">.</span><br> -pagsundòʾ <i lang="en">a fetching</i> <a href= -"#a229.22">229(22)</a>.<br> -sinundòʾ <i lang="en">was called for</i> <a href= -"#a256.41">256(41)</a>.<br> -sinúsundòʾ <i lang="en">is being called for</i> -<a href="#a104.23">104(23)</a>.<br> -kásundòʾ <i lang="en">agreeing</i> <a href= -"#a268.9">268(9)</a>.<br> -nagkásundòʾ <i lang="en">agreed with each other</i> -<a href="#a168.16">168(16)</a>.<br> -pagkakásundòʾ <i lang="en">an agreeing with each -other</i> <a href="#a271.5">271(5)</a>.<br> -pagkàsunduàn pagkàsunduwàn <i lang="en">be -agreed upon</i> <a href="#a278.30">278(30)</a>.<br> -pinagkàsunduàn <i lang="en">was agreed upon</i> <a href= -"#a32.2">32(2)</a>.<br> -nagpasundòʾ <i lang="en">caused to be fetched</i> <a href= -"#a92.23">92(23)</a>.<br> -pagpapasundòʾ <i lang="en">a causing to be fetched</i> -<a href="#a303.23">303(23)</a>.<br> -ipinasundòʾ <i lang="en">was caused to be fetched</i> -<a href="#a306.28">306(28)</a>.<br> -ipinasúsundòʾ <i lang="en">is being caused to be -fetched</i> <a href="#a88.19">88(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a92.16">92(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">suntòk <i lang="en">blow on the head</i> <a href= -"#a229.24">229(24)</a>.<br> -pagsuntòk <i lang="en">a striking on the head</i> <a href= -"#a229.23">229(23)</a>.<br> -suntukìn <i lang="en">be struck on the head</i> <a href= -"#a245.10">245(10)</a>.<br> -sinuntòk <i lang="en">was struck on the head</i> <a href= -"#a245.10">245(10)</a>.<br> -sinúsuntòk <i lang="en">is being struck on the head</i> -<a href="#a245.11">245(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-súnoʾ: nakisúnoʾ <i lang= -"en">dwelt along</i>, <i lang="en">dwelt with</i> <a href= -"#a264.15">264(15)</a>.<br> -kasúnoʾ <i lang="en">fellow-guest</i> <a href= -"#a118.15">118(15)</a>.<br> -magkakasúnoʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a118.18">118(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-sunòd: sunòd-sunòd <i lang= -"en">following on one another</i> <a href="#a72.25">72(25)</a>.<br> -sumunòd <i lang="en">follow</i>, <i lang="en">comply</i>, -<i lang="en">obey</i> <a href="#a52.24">52(24)</a>. <a href= -"#a100.27">100(27)</a>. <i lang="en">followed</i> <a href= -"#a231.6">231(6)</a>.<br> -sumúsunòd <i lang="en">is following</i> <a href= -"#a38.7">38(7)</a>. <a href="#a46.19">46(19)</a>.<br> -pagsunòd <i lang="en">a following</i> <a href= -"#a38.10">38(10)</a>. <a href="#a94.24">94(24)</a>.<br> -sundìn <i lang="en">be complied with</i> <a href= -"#a92.8">92(8)</a>.<br> -sinunòd <i lang="en">was complied with</i> <a href= -"#a303.16">303(16)</a>.<br> -sinúsunòd <i lang="en">is being complied with</i> -<a href="#a62.37">62(37)</a>. <a href="#a66.13">66(13)</a>.<br> -isinunòd <i lang="en">was taken next</i>, <i lang="en">was made -to follow</i> <a href="#a76.18">76(18)</a>.<br> -sundàn <i lang="en">be followed</i> <a href= -"#a240.23">240(23)</a>.<br> -sinundàn <i lang="en">was followed</i> <a href= -"#a22.25">22(25)</a>. <a href="#a36.36">36(36)</a>.<br> -sinùsundàn <i lang="en">is being followed</i> <a href= -"#a68.23">68(23)</a>.<br> -kasunòd <i lang="en">following another</i> <a href= -"#a266.21">266(21)</a>.<br> -magkasunòd <i lang="en">two, one of whom follows the other</i> -<a href="#a42.29">42(29)</a>. <a href="#a270.8">270(8)</a>.<br> -pagkakásunòd-sunòd <i lang="en">a following one on -the other</i> <a href="#a271.6">271(6)</a>.<br> -masùnúrin <i lang="en">obedient</i> <a href= -"#a94.20">94(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súnog <i lang="en">a burning up</i>, <i lang= -"en">conflagration</i> <a href="#a122.18">122(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a156.10">156(10)</a>.<br> -sunòg <i lang="en">burnt</i> <a href="#a66.41">66(41)</a>. -<a href="#a223.4">223(4)</a>.<br> -panunúnog <i lang="en">a setting fire to</i>, <i lang="en">a -burning</i> <a href="#a122.12">122(12)</a>.<br> -sunúgin <i lang="en">be burned up</i> <a href= -"#a122.20">122(20)</a>.<br> -pinagsunòg <i lang="en">was variously burned up</i> <a href= -"#a122.10">122(10)</a>.<br> -magkasúnog <i lang="en">have a fire</i> <a href= -"#a268.41">268(41)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e111722" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -nasúnog <i lang="en">has been burned</i> <a href= -"#a172.39">172(39)</a>. <a href="#a259.4">259(4)</a>.<br> -pagkasúnog <i lang="en">a past burning</i> <a href= -"#a197.34">197(34)</a>. <a href="#a283.2">283(2)</a>.<br> -pagkàsúnog <i lang="en">a getting burned</i> <a href= -"#a292.19">292(19)</a>. <a href="#a295.19">295(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súnoŋ <i lang="en">that carried on the -head</i> <a href="#a108.16">108(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">suŋáŋaʾ <i lang="en">a blow on the -mouth</i> <a href="#a212.37">212(37)</a>.<br> -sùsuŋaŋáin <i lang="en">will be struck on the -mouth</i> <a href="#a174.37">174(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súŋay <i lang="en">horn</i> <a href= -"#a24.29">24(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-suŋgàb: sinuŋgabàn <i lang= -"en">was seized</i> <a href="#a46.27">46(27)</a>. <a href= -"#a58.22">58(22)</a>.<br> -sinùsuŋgabàn <i lang="en">is being seized</i> -<a href="#a108.34">108(34)</a>.<br> -masuŋgabàn <i lang="en">have been taken hold of</i> -<a href="#a110.2">110(2)</a>.<br> -nasùsuŋgabàn <i lang="en">is able to be seized</i> -<a href="#a110.8">110(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súpot <i lang="en">bag</i> <a href= -"#a34.5">34(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sorbétes S. <i lang="en">sherbet</i> <a href= -"#a272.33">272(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súso <i lang="en">breast</i>, <i lang= -"en">nipple</i> <a href="#a212.11">212(11)</a>.<br> -ipinakìkipasúso <i lang="en">is being asked to be -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb398" href="#pb398" name= -"pb398">398</a>]</span>caused to take the breast</i> <a href= -"#a307.38">307(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">susòʾ <i lang="en">snail</i> <a href= -"#a18.1">18(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">sutsòt <i lang="en">a whistling</i> <a href= -"#a197.22">197(22)</a>.<br> -sumúsutsòt <i lang="en">is whistling</i> <a href= -"#a229.24">229(24)</a>.<br> -malasutsòt <i lang="en">a young lout</i> <a href= -"#a315.3">315(3)</a>.<br> -palasutsútin <i lang="en">one who always whistles</i> <a href= -"#a315.11">315(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">soòt <i lang="en">that worn</i> <a href= -"#a70.1">70(1)</a>.<br> -isoòt <i lang="en">be put on</i> <a href= -"#a248.41">248(41)</a>.<br> -sootàn <i lang="en">be got into</i> <a href= -"#a104.11">104(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-suwày: pagsuwày <i lang="en">a -disobeying</i> <a href="#a54.3">54(3)</a>.<br> -makasuwày <i lang="en">be able to disobey</i> <a href= -"#a94.21">94(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">suwélas S. <i lang="en">soles</i> <a href= -"#a306.8">306(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">suwèldo S. <i lang="en">pay</i> <a href= -"#a26.27">26(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-súyoʾ: pagsúyoʾ <i lang="en">a -bribing</i> <a href="#a92.38">92(38)</a>.<br> -panunúyoʾ <i lang="en">a propitiating by bribes</i> -<a href="#a72.34">72(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">súyod <i lang="en">a harrow</i> <a href= -"#a243.3">243(3)</a>.<br> -magsuyòd <i lang="en">harrower</i>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e111996" class="main">T.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">t, <i lang="en">see</i> at.</p> -<p class="par">taàn <i lang="en">that set apart</i> <a href= -"#a221.3">221(3)</a>.<br> -itinátaàn <i lang="en">is being reserved</i> <a href= -"#a248.24">248(24)</a>.<br> -taanàn <i lang="en">fugitive</i> <a href= -"#a261.14">261(14)</a>.<br> -magtaanàn <i lang="en">flee</i> <a href= -"#a237.4">237(4)</a>.<br> -makataanàn <i lang="en">be able to flee</i> <a href= -"#a286.24">286(24)</a>. <a href="#a313.29">313(29)</a>.<br> -nàtàtaàn <i lang="en">is reserved</i> <a href= -"#a80.13">80(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">taàs <i lang="en">height</i> <a href= -"#a218.13">218(13)</a>.<br> -itaàs <i lang="en">upper part</i>, <i lang="en">north</i> -<a href="#a36.27">36(27)</a>. <a href="#a163.25">163(25)</a>.<br> -paitaàs <i lang="en">upward</i> <a href="#a48.6">48(6)</a>.<br> -itinaàs <i lang="en">was raised</i> <a href= -"#a88.34">88(34)</a>.<br> -kataasàn <i lang="en">north</i> <a href= -"#a163.25">163(25)</a>.<br> -mataàs <i lang="en">high</i> <a href="#a64.12">64(12)</a>.<br> -nátaàs <i lang="en">got raised up</i> <a href= -"#a78.8">78(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tabàʾ: tumabàʾ <i lang= -"en">grow stout</i> <a href="#a206.27">206(27)</a>.<br> -katabàʾ <i lang="en">how fat</i> <a href= -"#a42.5">42(5)</a>.<br> -matabàʾ <i lang="en">fat</i>, <i lang="en">stout</i> -<a href="#a244.34">244(34)</a>.<br> -nápakatabàʾ <i lang="en">very fat</i> <a href= -"#a313.12">313(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tabakéra S. <i lang="en">tabatière</i> -<a href="#a220.25">220(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tabáko S. <i lang="en">cigar</i> <a href= -"#a66.12">66(12)</a>.<br> -nagtàtabáko <i lang="en">is smoking a cigar</i> <a href= -"#a66.19">66(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tabì <i lang="en">side</i>; <i lang="en">step -aside</i> <a href="#a32.31">32(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a152.1">152(1)</a>.<br> -nátabì <i lang="en">got to the side of</i> <a href= -"#a74.14">74(14)</a>.<br> -pagkátabì <i lang="en">a getting to the side of</i> -<a href="#a94.8">94(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tablà S. <i lang="en">board</i> <a href= -"#a34.37">34(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">táboʾ <i lang="en">dipper</i> <a href= -"#a222.27">222(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tábon <i lang="en">dam</i> <a href= -"#a245.14">245(14)</a>.<br> -nagtábon <i lang="en">dammed up</i> <a href= -"#a232.32">232(32)</a>.<br> -pagtatábon <i lang="en">a damming up</i> <a href= -"#a179.39">179(39)</a>.<br> -tinabúnan <i lang="en">was dammed up</i> <a href= -"#a253.22">253(22)</a>.<br> -nàtàtábon <i lang="en">is covering</i>, <i lang= -"en">is piled over</i> <a href="#a120.22">120(22)</a>.<br> -pinatabúnan <i lang="en">was caused to be filled</i> <a href= -"#a26.10">26(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">taburéte S. <i lang="en">chair</i> <a href= -"#a24.39">24(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tadtàd <i lang="en">chopped up</i> <a href= -"#a20.7">20(7)</a>.<br> -pagtatadtàd <i lang="en">a chopping up</i> <a href= -"#a114.10">114(10)</a>. <i lang="en">and Corrigenda.</i></p> -<p class="par">tagà tigà <i lang="en">coming from</i> -<a href="#a56.23">56(23)</a>. <a href="#p48"><b>48</b></a>. <a href= -"#p254"><b>254</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tagàʾ: tumagàʾ <i lang= -"en">hew</i>, <i lang="en">chop</i> <a href="#a290.27">290(27)</a>.<br> -tinagàʾ <i lang="en">was chopped</i> <a href= -"#a44.39">44(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tagàl <i lang="en">length in time</i>, <i lang= -"en">endurance</i> <a href="#a168.41">168(41)</a>.<br> -tagalàn <i lang="en">be done long</i> <a href= -"#a253.23">253(23)</a>.<br> -matagàl <i lang="en">long-enduring</i>, <i lang="en">patient</i> -<a href="#a104.26">104(26)</a>.<br> -natagalàn <i lang="en">was able to be endured in</i> <a href= -"#a62.6">62(6)</a>.<br> -pàtagálan <i lang="en">contest of endurance</i> <a href= -"#a309.10">309(10)</a>.<br> -pagpapàtagálan <i lang="en">a contesting for -endurance</i> <a href="#a48.22">48(22)</a>. <a href= -"#a309.17">309(17)</a>.<br> -kapàtagálan <i lang="en">opponent in a contest for -endurance</i> <a href="#a310.32">310(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tagálog <i lang="en">Tagalog</i> <a href= -"#a50.15">50(15)</a>. <a href="#a58.6">58(6)</a>.<br> -Katagalúgan <i lang="en">the Tagalog country</i> <a href= -"#a50.23">50(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tagílid, <i lang="en">see</i> -gílid.</p> -<p class="par">tagpìʾ <i lang="en">a patch</i> <a href= -"#a266.4">266(4)</a>.<br> -tagpiàn <i lang="en">be mended</i> <a href= -"#a253.26">253(26)</a>.<br> -tagpían <i lang="en">place of patching</i> <a href= -"#a259.7">259(7)</a>.<br> -katátagpìʾ <i lang="en">there has just been -mending</i> <a href="#a175.9">175(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tagpòʾ <i lang="en">a meeting</i> <a href= -"#a220.3">220(3)</a>.<br> -magtatagpòʾ <i lang="en">meet each other</i>, <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a102.4">102(4)</a>.<span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb399" href="#pb399" name="pb399">399</a>]</span><br> -nagtatagpòʾ <i lang="en">met each other</i> <a href= -"#a26.39">26(39)</a>.<br> -tagpuìn <i lang="en">be met by appointment</i> <a href= -"#a245.12">245(12)</a>.<br> -tagpuàn <i lang="en">be joined up</i> <a href= -"#a253.26">253(26)</a>.<br> -pagtàtagpuàn <i lang="en">will be met in</i> <a href= -"#a26.34">26(34)</a>.<br> -tagpúan <i lang="en">meeting-place</i> <a href= -"#a106.9">106(9)</a>.<br> -makíkipagtagpòʾ <i lang="en">will meet another</i> -<a href="#a98.26">98(26)</a>.<br> -makátagpòʾ <i lang="en">happen to meet</i> <a href= -"#a66.5">66(5)</a>. <a href="#a92.14">92(14)</a>.<br> -nakátagpòʾ <i lang="en">happened to meet</i> -<a href="#a18.2">18(2)</a>. <a href="#a36.8">36(8)</a>.<br> -màtagpuàn <i lang="en">get met with</i> <a href= -"#a106.25">106(25)</a>.<br> -nàtagpuàn <i lang="en">got met with</i> <a href= -"#a34.20">34(20)</a>. <a href="#a92.15">92(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tágoʾ <i lang="en">that put away</i> -<a href="#a221.25">221(25)</a>.<br> -magtágoʾ <i lang="en">hide oneself</i> <a href= -"#a32.35">32(35)</a>.<br> -magtagòʾ <i lang="en">keep oneself in hiding</i> <a href= -"#a56.19">56(19)</a>.<br> -nagtagòʾ <i lang="en">kept himself in hiding</i> <a href= -"#a56.21">56(21)</a>.<br> -pagtatagòʾ <i lang="en">a staying in hiding</i> <a href= -"#a312.13">312(13)</a>.<br> -itágoʾ <i lang="en">be hidden</i> <a href= -"#a40.25">40(25)</a>.<br> -itinàtágoʾ <i lang="en">is being put away</i> -<a href="#a273.34">273(34)</a>.<br> -taguàn <i lang="en">place for safe-keeping</i>; <i lang= -"en">hiding-place</i>; <i lang="en">hiding</i> <a href= -"#a52.35">52(35)</a>. <a href="#a120.10">120(10)</a>. <a href= -"#a163.22">163(22)</a>.<br> -kinàtàtagúan <i lang="en">is the place of -concealment</i> <a href="#a118.43">118(43)</a>.<br> -makapagtágoʾ <i lang="en">be able to hide <span class= -"corr" id="xd21e112684" title="Source: onsself">oneself</span></i> -<a href="#a52.32">52(32)</a>.<br> -nàtàtágoʾ <i lang="en">is hidden</i> <a href= -"#a24.31">24(31)</a>. <a href="#a34.11">34(11)</a>.<br> -pagkàtágoʾ <i lang="en">the way of storing</i> -<a href="#a268.39">268(39)</a>.<br> -patágoʾ <i lang="en">given for safe-keeping</i> <a href= -"#a293.26">293(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tahàn: magtahàn <i lang="en">cease</i> -<a href="#a232.33">232(33)</a>.<br> -nagtahàn <i lang="en">ceased</i> <a href= -"#a106.7">106(7)</a>.<br> -tàhánan <i lang="en">abode</i> <a href= -"#a66.24">66(24)</a>.<br> -patahanin <i lang="en">be caused to cease</i> <a href= -"#a100.2">100(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tahìʾ: manahìʾ <i lang= -"en">sew</i>, <i lang="en">patch</i> <a href="#a169.2">169(2)</a>.<br> -pananahìʾ <i lang="en">sewing as occupation</i> <a href= -"#a240.36">240(36)</a>.<br> -mànanáhiʾ <i lang="en">seamstress</i> <a href= -"#a243.14">243(14)</a>.<br> -pinanànahiàn <i lang="en">is the place where sewing is -done</i> <a href="#a256.42">256(42)</a>.<br> -tagatahìʾ <i lang="en">person appointed to sew</i> <a href= -"#a315.39">315(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tahìd <i lang="en">spur of rooster</i> <a href= -"#a238.3">238(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tahílan <i lang="en">girder</i> <a href= -"#a227.15">227(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tahímik <i lang="en">quiet</i> <a href= -"#a102.4">102(4)</a>. <a href="#a114.4">114(4)</a>.<br> -tumahímik <i lang="en">become quiet</i>, <i lang="en">quiet -down</i> <a href="#a44.17">44(17)</a>. <i lang="en">became quiet</i> -<a href="#a44.25">44(25)</a>. <a href="#a122.23">122(23)</a>.<br> -nanahímik <i lang="en">quieted down</i> <a href= -"#a240.37">240(37)</a>.<br> -nagsipanahímik <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a36.5">36(5)</a>.<br> -katahimíkan <i lang="en">quietness</i> <a href= -"#a116.9">116(9)</a>.<br> -matahímik <i lang="en">quiet</i> <a href="#a34.35">34(35)</a>. -<a href="#a120.38">120(38)</a>.<br> -màtahímik <i lang="en">get quiet</i> <a href= -"#a40.42">40(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tahòl <i lang="en">a bark</i> <a href= -"#a62.8">62(8)</a>.<br> -tumátahòl <i lang="en">is barking</i> <a href= -"#a229.25">229(25)</a>.<br> -pagtahòl <i lang="en">a barking</i> <a href= -"#a305.2">305(2)</a>.<br> -pagtatahòl <i lang="en">a barking at</i> <a href= -"#a234.31">234(31)</a>.<br> -tàhúlan <i lang="en">a baying together</i> <a href= -"#a258.7">258(7)</a>.<br> -nagtàhúlan <i lang="en">bayed together</i> <a href= -"#a190.17">190(17)</a>.<br> -ikinátahòl <i lang="en">was the cause of barking</i> -<a href="#a273.38">273(38)</a>.<br> -nakatahòl <i lang="en">has barked</i>, <i lang="en">was able to -bark</i> <a href="#a191.2">191(2)</a>. <a href= -"#a198.18">198(18)</a>.<br> -pagkátahòl <i lang="en">a chance barking</i> <a href= -"#a158.8">158(8)</a>.<br> -pagpapatahòl <i lang="en">a causing to bark</i> <a href= -"#a296.10">296(10)</a>.<br> -pinatahòl <i lang="en">was caused to bark</i> <a href= -"#a304.41">304(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">taíŋa téŋa <i lang="en">ear</i> -<a href="#a110.35">110(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-takà: pagtatakà <i lang="en">a being -surprised</i> <a href="#a64.16">64(16)</a>. <a href= -"#a232.34">232(34)</a>.<br> -ipinagtátakà <i lang="en">is the cause of surprise</i> -<a href="#a66.4">66(4)</a>.<br> -katakà-takà <i lang="en">exciting wonder</i> <a href= -"#a36.26">36(26)</a>.<br> -nakapagtátakà <i lang="en">causes wonderment</i> <a href= -"#a36.24">36(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">takbò <i lang="en">a run</i> <a href= -"#a70.40">70(<span class="corr" id="xd21e113043" title= -"Source: 41">40</span>)</a>.<br> -tumakbò <i lang="en">run</i> <a href="#a18.18">18(18)</a>. ran -<a href="#a18.39">18(39)</a>.<br> -tumátakbò <i lang="en">is running</i> <a href= -"#a251.39">251(39)</a>.<br> -tátakbò <i lang="en">will run</i> <a href= -"#a18.35">18(35)</a>.<br> -pagtakbò <i lang="en">a running</i> <a href= -"#a18.9">18(9)</a>.<br> -pagtakbò-takbò <i lang="en">a running about at -intervals</i> <a href="#a231.22">231(22)</a>.<br> -nagtátakbò <i lang="en">runs (as repeated occurrence)</i> -<a href="#a108.16">108(16)</a>.<br> -nagsipagtakbò <i lang="en">ran</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> -<a href="#a84.29">84(29)</a>.<br> -naŋagsipagtakbò <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href= -"#a116.13">116(13)</a>.<br> -pagtatakbò <i lang="en">a running</i> <a href= -"#a88.25">88(25)</a>.<br> -nagtátatakbò <i lang="en">is running wild</i> <a href= -"#a62.13">62(13)</a>. <a href="#a238.42">238(42)</a>.<br> -takbúhan <i lang="en">a running together</i> <a href= -"#a60.27">60(27)</a>. <a href="#a116.5">116(5)</a>.<br> -nagtakbúhan <i lang="en">ran together</i> <a href= -"#a22.26">22(26)</a>.<br> -nagsipagtakbúhan <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a96.30">96(30)</a>.<br> -nagtàtakbúhan <i lang="en">are running <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb400" href="#pb400" name= -"pb400">400</a>]</span>together</i> <a href="#a86.40">86(40)</a>. -<a href="#a106.34">106(34)</a>.<br> -pagtatakbúhan <i lang="en">a running together</i> <a href= -"#a18.1">18(1)</a>. <a href="#a96.17">96(17)</a>.<br> -makipagtakbúhan <i lang="en">join in a race with</i> <a href= -"#a18.21">18(21)</a>.<br> -nakìkipagtakbúhan <i lang="en">joins in a race</i> -<a href="#a60.26">60(26)</a>.<br> -pinakìkipagtakbuhàn <i lang="en">is being run with</i> -<a href="#a60.29">60(29)</a>. <a href="#a265.33">265(33)</a>.<br> -makatakbò <i lang="en">be able to run</i> <a href= -"#a18.16">18(16)</a>.<br> -patakbò <i lang="en">on the run</i> <a href= -"#a68.18">68(18)</a>. <a href="#a72.8">72(8)</a>.<br> -pinatakbò <i lang="en">was caused to run</i> <a href= -"#a70.39">70(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">takìp <i lang="en">cover</i> <a href= -"#a172.15">172(15)</a>.<br> -paŋtakìp <i lang="en">used as cover</i> <a href= -"#a94.15">94(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tákot <i lang="en">fear</i> <a href= -"#a20.6">20(6)</a>.<br> -takútin <i lang="en">be frightened</i> <a href= -"#a50.33">50(33)</a>.<br> -nagtàtakòt-takútan <i lang="en">pretends to be -frightened</i> <a href="#a108.15">108(15)</a>.<br> -katákot-tákot <i lang="en">terrifying</i> <a href= -"#a267.27">267(27)</a>.<br> -ikinatákot <i lang="en">was the cause of fearing</i> <a href= -"#a272.23">272(23)</a>.<br> -katakútan <i lang="en">be feared</i> <a href= -"#a36.9">36(9)</a>.<br> -kinatakútan <i lang="en">was feared</i> <a href= -"#a274.30">274(30)</a>.<br> -kinatàtakútan <i lang="en">is being feared</i> <a href= -"#a42.18">42(18)</a>.<br> -pagkatakutàn <i lang="en">be feared by many</i> <a href= -"#a275.19">275(19)</a>.<br> -pagkàkatakutàn <i lang="en">will be feared by many</i> -<a href="#a275.21">275(21)</a>.<br> -pinagkatakutàn <i lang="en">was feared by many</i> <a href= -"#a275.15">275(15)</a>.<br> -pinagkàkatakutàn <i lang="en">is being feared by many</i> -<a href="#a36.30">36(30)</a>.<br> -katakútan <i lang="en">timidity</i> <a href= -"#a116.14">116(14)</a>.<br> -katakutàn <i lang="en">reverence</i> <a href= -"#a276.11">276(11)</a>.<br> -katatakutàn <i lang="en">terrifying</i> <a href= -"#a34.32">34(32)</a>. <a href="#a277.30">277(30)</a>.<br> -nakatàtákot <i lang="en">is causing fear</i> <a href= -"#a66.12">66(12)</a>.<br> -matákot <i lang="en">be afraid</i> <a href= -"#a20.13">20(13)</a>.<br> -natákot <i lang="en">grew afraid</i> <a href= -"#a58.23">58(23)</a>.<br> -naŋatákot <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a36.6">36(6)</a>.<br> -natàtákot <i lang="en">is afraid</i> <a href= -"#a36.7">36(7)</a>.<br> -pagkatákot <i lang="en">a being afraid</i> <a href= -"#a72.9">72(9)</a>.<br> -palatakutìn <i lang="en">easily frightened</i>.</p> -<p class="par">tálaʾ <i lang="en">star</i> <a href= -"#a272.25">272(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-talàʾ: nátalàʾ <i lang= -"en">got fixed</i> <a href="#a116.24">116(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">talagà <i lang="en">by fate</i>, <i lang="en">by -nature</i>, <i lang="en">once for all</i> <a href="#a98.33">98(33)</a>. -<a href="#a116.16">116(16)</a>.<br> -tinalagà <i lang="en">was resolved upon</i> <a href= -"#a46.23">46(23)</a>.<br> -katalagahàn <i lang="en">fate</i> <a href= -"#a276.40">276(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tálas: matálas <i lang="en">keen</i>, -<i lang="en">clever</i> <a href="#a234.9">234(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-talastàs: natátalastàs <i lang= -"en">is able to be understood</i> <a href="#a284.2">284(2)</a>.<br> -napagtalastàs <i lang="en">was entirely understood</i> <a href= -"#a287.14">287(14)</a>.<br> -napagtátalastàs napápagtalastàs <i lang= -"en">is entirely understood</i> <a href="#a287.15">287(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-táliʾ: panáliʾ <i lang= -"en">used for tethering</i>, <i lang="en">tying up</i> <a href= -"#a225.21">225(21)</a>.<br> -nagtáliʾ <i lang="en">tethered</i> <a href= -"#a232.35">232(35)</a>.<br> -itináliʾ <i lang="en">was tethered</i> <a href= -"#a313.25">313(25)</a>.<br> -tinalían <i lang="en">was tied up</i> <a href= -"#a104.37">104(37)</a>.<br> -nakatáliʾ <i lang="en">is tied</i> <a href= -"#a284.16">284(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tálik: tumálik <i lang="en">became -close</i> <a href="#a88.2">88(2)</a>.<br> -matálik <i lang="en">intimate</i> <a href="#a22.30">22(30)</a>. -<a href="#a52.17">52(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-talíkod, <i lang="en">see</i> likòd.</p> -<p class="par">talìm <i lang="en">cutting-edge</i> <a href= -"#a221.36">221(36)</a>.<br> -patalìm <i lang="en">cutting instrument</i> <a href= -"#a36.19">36(19)</a>.<br> -nagpatalìm <i lang="en">caused to be sharp</i>, <i lang= -"en">sharpened</i> <a href="#a44.36">44(36)</a>.<br> -nagpápatalìm <i lang="en">is sharpening</i> <a href= -"#a303.25">303(25)</a>.<br> -pinatalìm <i lang="en">was made sharp</i> <a href= -"#a304.42">304(42)</a>.<br> -napatátalìm <i lang="en">is able to be made sharp</i>. -<a href="#a311.24">311(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">talíno (S.?) <i lang="en">intelligence</i> -<a href="#a60.16">60(16)</a>.<br> -katalinúhan <i lang="en">id.</i> <a href="#a50.6">50(6)</a>.<br> -matalíno <i lang="en">intelligent</i> <a href= -"#a36.28">36(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tálo (a): nagtàtálo <i lang= -"en">is contending</i> <a href="#a46.34">46(34)</a>.<br> -pagtatálo <i lang="en">a contending</i> <a href= -"#a296.31">296(31)</a>.<br> -manálo <i lang="en">be victorious</i> <a href= -"#a52.8">52(8)</a>.<br> -nanálo <i lang="en">won</i> <a href="#a48.36">48(36)</a>.<br> -nanànálo <i lang="en">is victorious</i> <a href= -"#a62.2">62(2)</a>.<br> -nagsìsipanálo <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a118.5">118(5)</a>.<br> -pananálo <i lang="en">victory</i> <a href= -"#a56.30">56(30)</a>.<br> -mánanalò <i lang="en">victorious</i>, <i lang= -"en">victor</i> <a href="#a48.38">48(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a62.1">62(1)</a>.<br> -talúnin <i lang="en">be defeated</i> <a href= -"#a46.37">46(37)</a>.<br> -tàtalúnin <i lang="en">will be defeated</i> <a href= -"#a18.24">18(24)</a>.<br> -talúnan <i lang="en">defeated</i>, <i lang="en">loser</i> -<a href="#a18.42">18(42)</a>. <a href="#a148.22">148(22)</a>. <a href= -"#a163.7">163(7)</a>.<br> -pinanalúnan <i lang="en">was won</i> <a href= -"#a60.33">60(33)</a>.<br> -katàlúnan <i lang="en">one of two who are opposing each -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb401" href="#pb401" name= -"pb401">401</a>]</span>other</i> <a href="#a278.12">278(12)</a>.<br> -pinagkatalunàn <i lang="en">was won in by many</i> <a href= -"#a60.27">60(27)</a>. <a href="#a275.23">275(23)</a>.<br> -pagkatálo <i lang="en">a being defeated</i> <a href= -"#a52.7">52(7)</a>.<br> -màkatálo <i lang="en">turn out to be the opponent</i> -<a href="#a168.28">168(28)</a>.<br> -màkàkatálo <i lang="en">will be an opponent</i> -<a href="#a30.2">30(2)</a>.<br> -nàkatálo <i lang="en">was the opponent</i> <a href= -"#a296.29">296(29)</a>.<br> -nàkàkatálo <i lang="en">is the opponent</i> -<a href="#a296.31">296(31)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: katalò <i lang= -"en">opponent in winning-and-losing game</i> <a href= -"#a266.43">266(43)</a>.<br> -nagkatalò <i lang="en">played a game</i> <a href= -"#a269.21">269(21)</a>.<br> -pagkakatalò <i lang="en">a winning-and-losing</i> <a href= -"#a48.21">48(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">talumpátiʾ <i lang="en">oration</i> <a href= -"#a98.38">98(38)</a>.<br> -nagtàtalumpátiʾ <i lang="en">is making a speech</i> -<a href="#a98.41">98(41)</a>.<br> -pagtatalumpátiʾ <i lang="en">a speech-making</i> <a href= -"#a236.39">236(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-talòn: tumalòn <i lang="en">jumped -down</i> <a href="#a88.29">88(29)</a>.<br> -nagtalòn <i lang="en">jumped down</i> <a href= -"#a28.21">28(21)</a>. <a href="#a70.30">70(30)</a>. <a href= -"#a72.13">72(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">talòŋ <i lang="en">egg-plant</i> <a href= -"#a76.16">76(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-taluŋkòʾ: -nakataluŋkòʾ <i lang="en">has squatted down</i> -<a href="#a98.19">98(19)</a>. <a href="#a112.1">112(1)</a>.<br> -naŋàtàtaluŋkòʾ <i lang="en">are in -squatting position</i> <a href="#a108.29">108(29)</a>.<br> -pataluŋkòʾ <i lang="en">in squatting position</i> -<a href="#a220.9">220(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">támaʾ (a) <i lang="en">a hit</i>, <i lang= -"en">correct</i> <a href="#a152.7">152(7)</a>. <a href= -"#a220.5">220(5)</a>.<br> -tumámaʾ <i lang="en">hit</i> <a href="#a24.23">24(23)</a>. -<a href="#a229.26">229(26)</a>.<br> -tamáan <i lang="en">be hit and destroyed or disfigured</i> -<a href="#a238.39">238(39)</a>.<br> -màtamáan <i lang="en">get hit and disfigured</i> <a href= -"#a298.5">298(5)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en"><span class="corr" id="xd21e114033" title= -"Source: Acent">Accent</span> shifted</i>: tamàʾ <i lang= -"en">hit</i> <a href="#a223.5">223(5)</a>.<br> -tamaàn <i lang="en">be hit in some part</i> <a href= -"#a106.38">106(38)</a>.<br> -tinamaàn <i lang="en">was hit</i> <a href="#a24.25">24(25)</a>. -<a href="#a38.21">38(21)</a>.<br> -màtamaàn <i lang="en">get hit in some part</i> <a href= -"#a36.21">36(21)</a>. <a href="#a298.11">298(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tamàd: katamaràn <i lang="en">be -neglected</i> <a href="#a274.36">274(36)</a>.<br> -katàtamaràn <i lang="en">will be neglected</i> <a href= -"#a274.39">274(39)</a>.<br> -kinatamaràn <i lang="en">was neglected</i> <a href= -"#a274.34">274(34)</a>.<br> -katàmáran <i lang="en">laziness</i> <a href= -"#a18.36">18(36)</a>.<br> -matamàd <i lang="en">lazy</i> <a href= -"#a260.15">260(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tamìs <i lang="en">sweetness</i> <a href= -"#a297.10">297(10)</a>.<br> -matamìs <i lang="en">sweet</i>, <i lang="en">sugar</i> <a href= -"#a198.31">198(31)</a>. <a href="#a252.6">252(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tamn, <i lang="en">see</i> tanìm.</p> -<p class="par">-tampalásan: tinampalásan <i lang="en">was -roughly handled</i> <a href="#a94.14">94(14)</a>.<br> -katampalasánan <i lang="en">roughness</i> <a href= -"#a310.9">310(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tampò: pagtatampúhan <i lang="en">mutual -contrariness</i> <a href="#a259.28">259(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tamò: magtamò <i lang="en">partake</i> -<a href="#a78.39">78(39)</a>.<br> -nagtátamò <i lang="en">is partaking</i> <a href= -"#a112.20">112(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tanàw: tumanàw <i lang="en">take into -view</i> <a href="#a90.39">90(39)</a>.<br> -tanawìn <i lang="en">be observed</i> <a href= -"#a108.21">108(21)</a>.<br> -pagkatanàw <i lang="en">a having looked</i> <a href= -"#a283.4">283(4)</a>.<br> -nakátanàw <i lang="en">chanced to espy</i> <a href= -"#a28.13">28(13)</a>. <a href="#a72.5">72(5)</a>.<br> -pagkátanàw <i lang="en">a chance espying</i>, <i lang= -"en">the way of seeing</i> <a href="#a18.34">18(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a108.16">108(16)</a>. <a href="#a291.19">291(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tandàʾ: tumátandàʾ -<i lang="en">is getting old</i> <a href="#a229.27">229(27)</a>.<br> -matandàʾ <i lang="en">old</i> <a href= -"#a38.6">38(6)</a>.<br> -matatandàʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a114.31">114(31)</a>.<br> -matandaàn <i lang="en">be able to be remembered</i> <a href= -"#a24.5">24(5)</a>.<br> -natàtandaàn <i lang="en">is able to be remembered</i> -<a href="#a20.25">20(25)</a>. <a href="#a28.5">28(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a116.19">116(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tanikalàʾ <i lang="en">chain</i> <a href= -"#a244.38">244(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tanìm <i lang="en">that planted</i> <a href= -"#a221.26">221(26)</a>.<br> -pananìm <i lang="en">used for planting</i> <a href= -"#a86.32">86(32)</a>.<br> -nagtátanìm <i lang="en">is planting</i> <a href= -"#a86.38">86(38)</a>.<br> -pagtatanìm <i lang="en">a planting</i> <a href= -"#a307.13">307(13)</a>.<br> -mànanánim <i lang="en">planter</i> <a href= -"#a243.15">243(15)</a>.<br> -itátanìm <i lang="en">will be planted</i> <a href= -"#a16.6">16(6)</a>.<br> -tamnàn <i lang="en">be planted in</i> <a href= -"#a253.28">253(28)</a>.<br> -nàtàtanìm <i lang="en">is planted</i> <a href= -"#a76.31">76(31)</a>.<br> -nàtàtamnàn <i lang="en">is planted in</i> <a href= -"#a34.39">34(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">taniyàg <i lang="en">much regarded</i> <a href= -"#a219.18">219(18)</a>.<br> -pagtataniyàg <i lang="en">an exhibiting</i> <a href= -"#a90.16">90(16)</a>.<br> -tanyágan <i lang="en">exhibition</i> <a href= -"#a259.9">259(9)</a>.<br> -pagtatanyágan <i lang="en">the making an exhibition</i> <a href= -"#a90.9">90(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tansòʾ <i lang="en">copper</i> <a href= -"#a230.14">230(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tantiyà S. <i lang="en">calculation</i>, <i lang= -"en">guess</i> <a href="#a281.41">281(41)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tánod <i lang="en">watchman</i><br> -tánod-báhay <i lang="en">house-watchman</i> <a href= -"#a210.31">210(31)</a>.<br> -tánod-pálay <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb402" href= -"#pb402" name="pb402">402</a>]</span><i lang="en">rice-guard</i> -<a href="#a210.31">210(31)</a>.<br> -tumánod <i lang="en">guarded</i> <a href= -"#a229.27">229(27)</a>.<br> -nagtánod <i lang="en">stood guard</i>, <i lang="en">formed a -guard</i> <a href="#a207.41">207(41)</a>.<br> -tinanúran <i lang="en">was guarded</i> <a href= -"#a253.30">253(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tanòŋ <i lang="en">that asked</i>, <i lang= -"en">question</i> <a href="#a56.5">56(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a68.21">68(21)</a>.<br> -tumanòŋ <i lang="en">asked (with quotation or thing asked -about)</i> <a href="#a44.8">44(8)</a>. <a href="#a82.13">82(13)</a>. -<a href="#a106.10">106(10)</a>. <a href="#a229.29">229(29)</a>.<br> -nagtanòŋ <i lang="en">put questions</i>, <i lang="en">asked -(with indirect quotation)</i> <a href="#a82.3">82(3)</a>. <a href= -"#a234.34">234(34)</a>.<br> -nagtátanòŋ <i lang="en">is putting questions</i> -<a href="#a234.33">234(33)</a>.<br> -tinanòŋ <i lang="en">was inquired of</i> <a href= -"#a26.1">26(1)</a>.<br> -itinanòŋ <i lang="en">was asked</i> <a href= -"#a26.3">26(3)</a>. <a href="#a30.30">30(30)</a>.<br> -ipagtanòŋ <i lang="en">be asked about</i> <a href= -"#a74.26">74(26)</a>.<br> -ipagtatanòŋ <i lang="en">be repeatedly asked about</i> -<a href="#a98.23">98(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-táŋaʾ: tinaŋáan <i lang= -"en">was threatened</i> <a href="#a100.13">100(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">táŋan <i lang="en">grasp</i>; <i lang= -"en">that grasped</i> <a href="#a66.38">66(38)</a>. <a href= -"#a108.41">108(41)</a>.<br> -tinaŋnàn <i lang="en">was grasped</i> <a href= -"#a42.39">42(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">taŋày <i lang="en">that carried along</i> -<a href="#a70.3">70(3)</a>.<br> -nagtátaŋày <i lang="en">is carrying along</i> -<a href="#a68.28">68(28)</a>.<br> -tinaŋày <i lang="en">was carried along</i>, <i lang= -"en">washed away</i> <a href="#a82.34">82(34)</a>.<br> -tinátaŋày <i lang="en">is being borne along</i> -<a href="#a16.3">16(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">taŋgàp <i lang="en">that received</i> -<a href="#a221.27">221(27)</a>.<br> -tumaŋgàp <i lang="en">received</i> <a href= -"#a76.25">76(25)</a>.<br> -taŋgapìn <i lang="en">be accepted</i> <a href= -"#a48.25">48(25)</a>. <a href="#a245.16">245(16)</a>.<br> -tàtaŋgapìn <i lang="en">will be accepted</i> -<a href="#a52.25">52(25)</a>.<br> -tinaŋgàp <i lang="en">was received</i>, <i lang= -"en">accepted</i> <a href="#a58.9">58(9)</a>. <a href= -"#a219.29">219(29)</a>.<br> -taŋgapàn <i lang="en">be taken from</i> <a href= -"#a253.31">253(31)</a>.<br> -taŋgápan <i lang="en">receiving-place</i> <a href= -"#a252.21">252(21)</a>.<br> -nátaŋgàp <i lang="en">chanced to be accepted</i> -<a href="#a42.28">42(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-taŋgòl: pagtataŋgòl <i lang= -"en">a defending</i> <a href="#a257.14">257(14)</a>.<br> -mánanaŋgòl <i lang="en">attorney</i> <a href= -"#a116.25">116(25)</a>.<br> -maipagtaŋgòl <i lang="en">be able to be defended</i> -<a href="#a288.1">288(1)</a>.<br> -tagapagtaŋgòl <i lang="en">attorney</i> <a href= -"#a305.40">305(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-taŋhàʾ: tumaŋhàʾ -<i lang="en">wonder</i> <a href="#a229.30">229(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">taŋháliʾ <i lang="en">noon</i> <a href= -"#a30.29">30(29)</a>.<br> -manaŋháliʾ <i lang="en">eat the noon meal</i> <a href= -"#a204.26">204(26)</a>.<br> -kataŋhalían <i lang="en">middle part of day</i> <a href= -"#a26.14">26(14)</a>. <a href="#a120.38">120(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-táŋiʾ: itináŋiʾ -<i lang="en">was refused</i> <a href="#a60.29">60(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-taŋlàw: pagtaŋlàw <i lang= -"en">an illuminating</i> <a href="#a66.36">66(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-taŋòʾ: tumaŋòʾ -<i lang="en">consented</i> <a href="#a16.6">16(6)</a>.<br> -tumátaŋòʾ <i lang="en">consents</i> <a href= -"#a229.31">229(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tápaŋ <i lang="en">courage</i> <a href= -"#a36.31">36(31)</a>.<br> -katapáŋan <i lang="en">bravery</i> <a href= -"#a276.41">276(41)</a>.<br> -matápaŋ <i lang="en">courageous</i> <a href= -"#a42.19">42(19)</a>. <a href="#a66.2">66(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tapàt <i lang="en">space in front</i> <a href= -"#a189.1">189(1)</a>.<br> -ipinagtapàt <i lang="en">was owned up</i> <a href= -"#a90.32">90(32)</a>.<br> -katapàt <i lang="en">facing</i> <a href="#a48.7">48(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tapìk <i lang="en">a tap</i> <a href= -"#a220.7">220(7)</a>.<br> -pinagtátapìk <i lang="en">is being petted</i> <a href= -"#a84.10">84(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tápon: itápon <i lang="en">be cast -away</i> <a href="#a30.36">30(36)</a>. <a href= -"#a62.23">62(23)</a>.<br> -itinápon <i lang="en">was cast away</i> <a href= -"#a62.30">62(30)</a>.<br> -ipinagtapòn <i lang="en">was variously cast away</i> <a href= -"#a120.40">120(40)</a>.<br> -tapunàn <i lang="en">place for throwing away</i> <a href= -"#a205.21">205(21)</a>.<br> -nagpatápon <i lang="en">caused to be exiled</i> <a href= -"#a56.27">56(27)</a>.<br> -ipatápon <i lang="en">be caused to be cast out</i> <a href= -"#a56.17">56(17)</a>.<br> -pagkapatápon <i lang="en">a having caused to be banished</i> -<a href="#a120.18">120(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tapòn S. <i lang="en">stopper</i>, <i lang= -"en">cork</i> <a href="#a166.17">166(17)</a>.<br> -tapunàn <i lang="en">be corked</i> <a href= -"#a253.34">253(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tápos: tapòs <i lang="en">ended</i> -<a href="#a30.19">30(19)</a>.<br> -tapúsin <i lang="en">be ended</i> <a href= -"#a236.18">236(18)</a>.<br> -tinápos <i lang="en">was ended</i> <a href= -"#a56.6">56(6)</a>.<br> -katapusàn <i lang="en">end</i>, <i lang="en">cessation</i> -<a href="#a24.1">24(1)</a>. <a href="#a50.18">50(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a114.33">114(33)</a>.<br> -makatápos <i lang="en">have finished</i> <a href= -"#a88.3">88(3)</a>. <a href="#a167.26">167(26)</a>.<br> -matápos <i lang="en">come to an end</i> <a href= -"#a50.37">50(37)</a>. <a href="#a82.3">82(3)</a>.<br> -natápos <i lang="en">ended</i> <a href= -"#a236.37">236(37)</a>.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb403" href= -"#pb403" name="pb403">403</a>]</span><br> -pagkatápos <i lang="en">a having ended</i> <a href= -"#a44.37">44(37)</a>. <a href="#a52.4">52(4)</a>.<br> -matápos-tápos <i lang="en">be able to come to an end</i> -<a href="#a287.39">287(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tarà <i lang="en">come along</i> <a href= -"#a207.35">207(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tarabúko, <i lang="en">see</i> búko.</p> -<p class="par">-taraŋkà: tàraŋkáhan -<i lang="en">gateway</i> <a href="#a32.17">32(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-taráto S.: pagtaráto <i lang="en">a -treating</i> <a href="#a44.31">44(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tasà (S.) <i lang="en">point</i> <a href= -"#a254.2">254(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tátal <i lang="en">splinters</i> <a href= -"#a58.17">58(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tátay <i lang="en">father</i> <a href= -"#a120.17">120(17)</a>. <a href="#a122.17">122(17)</a>. <a href= -"#p59"><b>59</b></a>.<br> -magtátay <i lang="en">father and child</i> <a href= -"#a242.16">242(16)</a>.<br> -magtatátay <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a242.33">242(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tatlò, <i lang="en">see</i> -tlò.</p> -<p class="par">táo <i lang="en">person</i>, <i lang="en">human -being</i> <a href="#a20.7">20(7)</a>.<br> -táo-ŋ-báyan <i lang="en">townsperson</i> <a href= -"#a50.17">50(17)</a>.<br> -táo-ŋ-San-Antóniyo <i lang="en">person of San -Antonio</i> <a href="#a34.31">34(31)</a>.<br> -panaúhin <i lang="en">guest</i> <a href="#a247.29">247(29)</a>. -<a href="#a250.39">250(39)</a>.<br> -táo-taúhan <i lang="en">manikin</i>; <i lang="en">pupil -of the eye</i> <a href="#a88.8">88(8)</a>. <a href= -"#a135.22">135(22)</a>.<br> -katáo <i lang="en">persons</i> <a href="#a42.6">42(6)</a>. -<a href="#p255"><b>255</b></a>.<br> -kataúhan <i lang="en">mankind</i> <a href= -"#a135.21">135(21)</a>.<br> -katawàn <i lang="en">body</i> <a href="#a20.33">20(33)</a>. -<a href="#a276.19">276(19)</a>.<br> -paŋaŋatawàn <i lang="en">physique</i>, <i lang= -"en">body</i> <a href="#a18.14">18(14)</a>. <a href= -"#a36.11">36(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-taòb: pagtataòb <i lang="en">a tipping -over</i>, <i lang="en">tr.</i> <a href="#a82.32">82(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">taòn <i lang="en">year</i> <a href= -"#a26.36">26(36)</a>.<br> -taòn-taòn <i lang="en">every year</i> <a href= -"#a191.32">191(32)</a>.<br> -kátaòn <i lang="en">at the same time</i> <a href= -"#a104.18">104(18)</a>.<br> -nagkátaòn <i lang="en">happened at the same time</i> -<a href="#a84.37">84(37)</a>. <a href="#a94.6">94(6)</a>.<br> -pagkakátaòn <i lang="en">a happening at the same time</i> -<a href="#a271.6">271(6)</a>.<br> -nàtàtaòn <i lang="en">comes at the same time</i> -<a href="#a110.22">110(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">táwa (a) <i lang="en">laughter</i> <a href= -"#a68.27">68(27)</a>.<br> -t. naŋ t. <i lang="en">keeps laughing</i> <a href= -"#a206.35">206(35)</a>.<br> -tumáwa <i lang="en">laughed</i> <a href= -"#a18.23">18(23)</a>.<br> -tumàtáwa <i lang="en">is laughing</i> <a href= -"#a229.31">229(31)</a>.<br> -pagtáwa <i lang="en">a laughing</i> <a href= -"#a100.37">100(37)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e115357" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -tumàtáwa-táwa <i lang="en">laughs at intervals</i> -<a href="#a231.23">231(23)</a>.<br> -tawánan <i lang="en">be laughed at</i> <a href= -"#a186.34">186(34)</a>.<br> -tàwánan <i lang="en">laughter by many</i> <a href= -"#a259.37">259(37)</a>.<br> -katatawanàn <i lang="en">laughable</i>, <i lang= -"en">laughing-stock</i> <a href="#a24.17">24(17)</a>. <a href= -"#a167.30">167(30)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">Accent shifted</i>: -tumátawà-tawà <i lang="en">snickers</i>, <i lang= -"en">giggles at intervals</i> <a href="#a231.28">231(28)</a>.<br> -nanawà-nawà <i lang="en">kept snickering</i> <a href= -"#a241.33">241(33)</a>.<br> -ikátawà <i lang="en">be the cause of laughter</i> -<a href="#a185.23">185(23)</a>.<br> -ikàtàtawà <i lang="en">will be the cause of -snickering</i> <a href="#a274.2">274(2)</a>.<br> -ikinátawà <i lang="en">was the cause of laughter</i> -<a href="#a292.31">292(31)</a>.<br> -ikinàtàtawà <i lang="en">is the cause of -snickering</i> <a href="#a274.4">274(4)</a>.<br> -nakàtàtawà <i lang="en">causes irrepressible -laughter</i> <a href="#a108.28">108(28)</a>.<br> -matatawanìn <i lang="en">easily made to laugh</i> <a href= -"#a290.3">290(3)</a>.<br> -patawàtawà <i lang="en">snickering at intervals</i> -<a href="#a300.38">300(38)</a>.<br> -nápatawà <i lang="en">burst out laughing</i> <a href= -"#a120.28">120(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-táwad: patàtawárin <i lang= -"en">will be pardoned</i>, <i lang="en">excused</i> <a href= -"#a184.19">184(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">táwag <i lang="en">a call</i>; <i lang= -"en">name</i> <a href="#a50.10">50(10)</a>. <a href= -"#a64.18">64(18)</a>.<br> -paŋtáwag panáwag <i lang="en">used for calling</i> -<a href="#a225.22">225(22)</a>.<br> -tumáwag <i lang="en">call</i> <a href="#a18.27">18(27)</a>. -<i lang="en">called</i> <a href="#a32.39">32(39)</a>.<br> -tumàtáwag <i lang="en">is calling</i> <a href= -"#a64.5">64(5)</a>.<br> -pagtáwag <i lang="en">a calling</i> <a href= -"#a64.42">64(42)</a>.<br> -nagtáwag <i lang="en">announced</i> <a href= -"#a234.36">234(36)</a>.<br> -pagtatáwag <i lang="en">an announcing</i> <a href= -"#a234.37">234(37)</a>.<br> -nagtawàg <i lang="en">called in numbers</i> <a href= -"#a238.7">238(7)</a>.<br> -nagtátawàg <i lang="en">is calling in numbers</i> -<a href="#a238.7">238(7)</a>.<br> -pagtatawàg <i lang="en">a calling in numbers</i> <a href= -"#a238.11">238(11)</a>.<br> -nagtátatawàg <i lang="en">is calling much and -variously</i> <a href="#a239.12">239(12)</a>.<br> -magtatawàg <i lang="en">town-crier</i> <a href= -"#a303.30">303(30)</a>.<br> -manáwag <i lang="en">summon</i> <a href= -"#a240.38">240(38)</a>.<br> -tawágin <i lang="en">be called</i> <a href= -"#a78.1">78(1)</a>.<br> -tináwag <i lang="en">was called</i> <a href= -"#a16.5">16(5)</a>.<br> -tinàtáwag <i lang="en">is being called</i> <a href= -"#a40.32">40(32)</a>.<br> -itináwag <i lang="en">was called out</i>, <i lang="en">was -called for</i> <a href="#a42.31">42(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a44.28">44(28)</a>. <a href="#a248.42">248(42)</a>.<br> -ipinagtáwag <i lang="en">was called out</i> <a href= -"#a249.39">249(39)</a>.<br> -tawágan <i lang="en">be called to</i> <a href= -"#a253.36">253(36)</a>.<br> -pagkatáwag <i lang="en">a having called</i> <a href= -"#a283.6">283(6)</a>.<br> -màtáwag <i lang="en">get called</i> <a href= -"#a46.21">46(21)</a>.<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb404" href="#pb404" -name="pb404">404</a>]</span><br> -nàtáwag <i lang="en">got called</i> <a href= -"#a303.34">303(34)</a>.<br> -pagkàtáwag <i lang="en">a chance calling</i> <a href= -"#a291.39">291(39)</a>.<br> -patáwag <i lang="en">caused to be called out</i> <a href= -"#a299.19">299(19)</a>.<br> -nagpatáwag <i lang="en">caused to be called</i> <a href= -"#a303.26">303(26)</a>.<br> -pagpapatáwag <i lang="en">a causing to be called</i> <a href= -"#a303.27">303(27)</a>.<br> -magpapatawàg <i lang="en">town-crier</i> <a href= -"#a248.42">248(42)</a>.<br> -ipinatáwag <i lang="en">was caused to be called</i> <a href= -"#a52.13">52(13)</a>. <a href="#a54.25">54(25)</a>.<br> -ipinagpàpatáwag <i lang="en">is being caused to be called -out</i> <a href="#a307.24">307(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tawìd: tumawìd <i lang="en">cross</i> -<a href="#a106.4">106(4)</a>. <i lang="en">crossed</i> <a href= -"#a68.2">68(2)</a>.<br> -napatátawìd <i lang="en">is causing himself to be taken -across</i> <a href="#a80.35">80(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tayàʾ <i lang="en">stakes</i> <a href= -"#a258.8">258(8)</a>.<br> -tàyáan <i lang="en">a staking by several</i> <a href= -"#a258.8">258(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">táyo <i lang="en">we</i>, <i lang="en">incl.</i> -<a href="#p63"><b>63</b></a>. Cf. átin and té.</p> -<p class="par">tayòʾ <i lang="en">stand up</i> <a href= -"#a222.7">222(7)</a>. <i lang="en">erected</i> <a href= -"#a223.35">223(35)</a>.<br> -paŋtayòʾ <i lang="en">used for setting up, for -standing up</i> <a href="#a225.24">225(24)</a>. <a href= -"#a306.9">306(9)</a>.<br> -tumayòʾ <i lang="en">stood up</i> <a href= -"#a204.27">204(27)</a>.<br> -pagtayòʾ <i lang="en">a standing up</i> <a href= -"#a289.21">289(21)</a>.<br> -magtayòʾ <i lang="en">set up</i>, <i lang="en">erect</i> -<a href="#a203.2">203(2)</a>.<br> -nagtayòʾ <i lang="en">erected</i> <a href= -"#a234.40">234(40)</a>.<br> -pagtatayòʾ <i lang="en">an erecting</i> <a href= -"#a234.22">234(22)</a>.<br> -itátayòʾ <i lang="en">will be set up</i> <a href= -"#a296.2">296(2)</a>.<br> -itinayòʾ <i lang="en">was erected</i> <a href= -"#a248.43">248(43)</a>.<br> -tinayuàn <i lang="en">was built in</i> <a href= -"#a253.36">253(36)</a>.<br> -pagkakátayòʾ <i lang="en">a standing up together</i> -<a href="#a98.39">98(39)</a>. <a href="#a271.7">271(7)</a>.<br> -kinàtàtayuàn <i lang="en">is being stood on</i> -<a href="#a98.40">98(40)</a>.<br> -nakatayòʾ <i lang="en">is upright</i> <a href= -"#a110.41">110(41)</a>.<br> -nakatátayòʾ <i lang="en">is able to stand up</i> -<a href="#a282.3">282(3)</a>.<br> -pagkatayòʾ <i lang="en">a having stood up</i> <a href= -"#a283.8">283(8)</a>.<br> -nàtàtayòʾ <i lang="en">is standing</i> -<a href="#a34.38">34(38)</a>. <a href="#a50.26">50(26)</a>.<br> -pagkátayòʾ <i lang="en">a chance standing up or -erecting</i> <a href="#a104.19">104(19)</a>. <a href= -"#a291.21">291(21)</a>.<br> -patayòʾ <i lang="en">caused to be erected</i> <a href= -"#a299.20">299(20)</a>. <i lang="en">in standing position</i> <a href= -"#a287.26">287(26)</a>.<br> -nagpatayòʾ <i lang="en">caused to be erected</i> <a href= -"#a303.32">303(32)</a>.<br> -pagpapatayòʾ <i lang="en">a causing to be built</i> -<a href="#a303.33">303(33)</a>.<br> -pinatayòʾ <i lang="en">was caused to stand up</i> <a href= -"#a304.43">304(43)</a>.<br> -ipinatayòʾ <i lang="en">was caused to be erected</i> -<a href="#a306.30">306(30)</a>.<br> -nápatayòʾ <i lang="en">jumped to his feet</i> -<a href="#a312.31">312(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-táyog: katáyog <i lang="en">what -tallness</i> <a href="#a267.35">267(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">té (táyo?) <i lang="en">come along</i> -<a href="#a207.35">207(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">teátro, <i lang="en">see</i> teyátro.</p> -<p class="par">-tibàʾ: tumibàʾ <i lang="en">cut -down bananas</i> <a href="#a229.34">229(34)</a>.<br> -tinibàn <i lang="en">trunk of banana-tree after fruit has been -gathered</i> <a href="#a184.2">184(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tíbay: tumíbay <i lang="en">grew firm</i> -<a href="#a24.27">24(27)</a>.<br> -tibáyan <i lang="en">be propped</i> <a href= -"#a296.2">296(2)</a>.<br> -matíbay <i lang="en">firm</i> <a href="#a18.20">18(20)</a>. -<a href="#a64.36">64(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tigà, <i lang="en">see</i> tagà.</p> -<p class="par">tigàs <i lang="en">hardness</i>, <i lang= -"en">hard</i> <a href="#a219.20">219(20)</a>. <a href= -"#a281.26">281(26)</a>.<br> -tigasàn <i lang="en">be done with hardening</i> <a href= -"#a253.38">253(38)</a>.<br> -matigàs <i lang="en">hard</i> <a href= -"#a283.27">283(27)</a>.<br> -pinatigasàn <i lang="en">was made hard</i> <a href= -"#a237.31">237(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tígil: nagtígil <i lang="en">ceased</i> -<a href="#a201.37">201(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tiìs: tinítiìs <i lang="en">is -being endured</i> <a href="#a223.18">223(18)</a>.<br> -tìísin <i lang="en">hardship</i> <a href= -"#a62.21">62(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tiktìk <i lang="en">spy</i> <a href= -"#a312.14">312(14)</a>.<br> -tumiktìk <i lang="en">spied</i> <a href= -"#a36.31">36(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tikuwàs <i lang="en">lowered at one end</i> -<a href="#a223.35">223(35)</a>.<br> -pagtikuwàs <i lang="en">a getting out of balance</i> <a href= -"#a192.22">192(22)</a>.<br> -nagtikuwàs <i lang="en">tilted</i> <a href= -"#a234.42">234(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tilàd: tumilàd <i lang="en">split</i>, -<i lang="en">cut up</i> <a href="#a229.35">229(35)</a>.<br> -tinilàd <i lang="en">was split</i> <a href= -"#a46.40">46(40)</a>.<br> -napatilàd <i lang="en">asked to be sliced for</i> <a href= -"#a311.43">311(43)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">teléfono S. <i lang="en">telephone</i> <a href= -"#a291.40">291(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">timbàʾ <i lang="en">well-bucket</i> <a href= -"#a314.34">314(34)</a>.<br> -tumimbàʾ <i lang="en">drew in a bucket</i> <a href= -"#a229.36">229(36)</a>.<br> -kalatimbàʾ <i lang="en">squatting on heels</i> <a href= -"#a314.32">314(32)</a>.<br> -nagkalatimbàʾ <i lang="en">squatted on heels</i> <a href= -"#a196.37">196(37)</a>.<br> -pinapagkalatimbàʾ <i lang="en">was caused to squat on -heels</i> <a href="#a305.29">305(29)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id= -"pb405" href="#pb405" name="pb405">405</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">-timbàŋ: timbáŋan <i lang= -"en">scales</i> <a href="#a259.10">259(10)</a>.<br> -katimbàŋ <i lang="en">equal</i> <a href="#a42.6">42(6)</a> -<i lang="en">and Corrigenda</i>.</p> -<p class="par">tinápay <i lang="en">bread</i> <a href= -"#a32.17">32(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tindà (S.) <i lang="en">goods for sale</i> -<a href="#a259.11">259(11)</a>.<br> -tindáhan <i lang="en">store</i>, <i lang="en">shop</i> <a href= -"#a170.4">170(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tindìg: nagsitindìg <i lang="en">stood on -end</i>, <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href="#a66.16">66(16)</a>.<br> -nagtindìg <i lang="en">stood up</i> <a href= -"#a26.25">26(25)</a>.<br> -nagsipagtindìg <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a96.29">96(29)</a>.<br> -nakatindìg <i lang="en">is on his feet</i> <a href= -"#a38.33">38(33)</a>. <a href="#a90.25">90(25)</a>.<br> -pagkátindìg <i lang="en">a chance standing up</i> -<a href="#a291.21">291(21)</a>.<br> -nápatindìg <i lang="en">jumped to his feet</i> <a href= -"#a202.1">202(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tinidòr S. <i lang="en">table-fork</i> <a href= -"#a114.8">114(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tinìg <i lang="en">voice</i> <a href= -"#a86.25">86(25)</a>. <a href="#a114.11">114(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tinìk <i lang="en">spine</i>, <i lang= -"en">splinter</i>, <i lang="en">fish-bone</i> <a href= -"#a16.20">16(20)</a>. <a href="#a250.34">250(34)</a>.<br> -nátinìk <i lang="en">got a splinter</i> <a href= -"#a16.21">16(21)</a>.<br> -pagkátinìk <i lang="en">the getting a splinter</i> -<a href="#a295.23">295(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tintéro: S.: tinterúhan <i lang= -"en">ink-stand</i> <a href="#a180.33">180(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tinóla <i lang="en">stew</i> <a href= -"#a163.18">163(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tiŋà <i lang="en">foreign substance between -the teeth</i> <a href="#a241.29">241(29)</a>.<br> -maŋhiniŋà <i lang="en">pick one’s teeth</i> -<a href="#a241.29">241(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tiŋìn: tumiŋìn <i lang= -"en">watch</i> <a href="#a18.26">18(26)</a>.<br> -pagtiŋìn <i lang="en">an observing</i> <a href= -"#a229.37">229(37)</a>.<br> -tiŋnàn <i lang="en">be looked at</i> <a href= -"#a64.26">64(26)</a>.<br> -tiniŋnàn <i lang="en">was looked at</i> <a href= -"#a18.13">18(13)</a>.<br> -tinìtiŋnàn <i lang="en">is being looked at</i> -<a href="#a106.34">106(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tiŋkàd: matiŋkàd <i lang= -"en">intense</i> <a href="#a147.1">147(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tiŋtìŋ <i lang="en">fibre</i>, <i lang= -"en">bristle</i>, <i lang="en">straw</i> <a href= -"#a315.21">315(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tipàn: pinagtipanàn <i lang="en">was -appointed as meeting-place</i> <a href="#a104.39">104(39)</a>.<br> -tìpánan <i lang="en">a meeting by appointment</i> -<a href="#a102.11">102(11)</a>.<br> -nagtìpánan <i lang="en">made an appointment to meet each -other</i> <a href="#a26.34">26(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tipìd: pagtipìd <i lang="en">a being -economical</i> <a href="#a229.37">229(37)</a>.<br> -nagtipìd <i lang="en">saved</i> <a href= -"#a235.2">235(2)</a>.<br> -nagsipagtipìd <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a236.6">236(6)</a>.<br> -pagtitipìd <i lang="en">a saving</i> <a href= -"#a235.1">235(1)</a>.<br> -tinipìd <i lang="en">was economized in</i> <a href= -"#a245.17">245(17)</a>.<br> -kaytipìd <i lang="en">what savingness</i> <a href= -"#a174.1">174(1)</a>.<br> -natipìd <i lang="en">has been economized in</i> <a href= -"#a284.18">284(18)</a>.<br> -matipìd <i lang="en">economical</i> <a href= -"#a298.9">298(9)</a>.<br> -mapagtipìd <i lang="en">given to saving</i> <a href= -"#a289.26">289(26)</a>.<br> -pagkátipìd <i lang="en">a chance saving</i> <a href= -"#a292.25">292(25)</a>.<br> -nagpatipìd <i lang="en">caused to be economized</i> <a href= -"#a303.36">303(36)</a>.<br> -ipatipìd <i lang="en">be caused to be economized in</i> <a href= -"#a244.20">244(20)</a>.<br> -ipinatipìd <i lang="en">was caused to be economized</i> <a href= -"#a306.31">306(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-típon: tipòn <i lang="en">gathered</i> -<a href="#a223.6">223(6)</a>.<br> -paŋtípon <i lang="en">used for gathering</i> <a href= -"#a225.26">225(26)</a>.<br> -pagtípon <i lang="en">a gathering</i> <a href= -"#a229.39">229(39)</a>.<br> -magtípon <i lang="en">store up</i> <a href= -"#a235.5">235(5)</a>.<br> -nagtípon <i lang="en">stored up</i> <a href= -"#a235.5">235(5)</a>.<br> -nagtìtípon <i lang="en">stores up</i> <a href= -"#a202.19">202(19)</a>.<br> -pagtitípon <i lang="en">a storing up</i> <a href= -"#a235.3">235(3)</a>.<br> -tìpúnan <i lang="en">meeting</i> <a href= -"#a259.35">259(35)</a> <i lang="en">Corrigenda</i>.<br> -katipúnan <i lang="en">a gathering</i>; <i lang="en">n.</i> -<i lang="en">of a secret society</i> <a href= -"#a116.27">116(27)</a>.<br> -Katipunéros <i lang="en">members of the Katipunan</i> <a href= -"#a116.32">116(32)</a>.<br> -nakatípon <i lang="en">succeeded in gathering</i> <a href= -"#a282.4">282(4)</a>.<br> -natípon <i lang="en">has been gathered</i> <a href= -"#a284.19">284(19)</a>.<br> -pagkatípon <i lang="en">ability to gather</i>, <i lang="en">a -having gathered</i> <a href="#a282.16">282(16)</a>. <a href= -"#a283.10">283(10)</a>.<br> -nakàtípon <i lang="en">chanced to gather</i> <a href= -"#a291.33">291(33)</a>.<br> -pagkàtípon <i lang="en">a chance gathering</i> <a href= -"#a291.23">291(23)</a>.<br> -patípon <i lang="en">that caused to be gathered</i> <a href= -"#a299.21">299(21)</a>.<br> -patipòn <i lang="en">into a heap</i> <a href= -"#a166.23">166(23)</a>.<br> -nagpatípon <i lang="en">caused to be gathered</i> <a href= -"#a303.37">303(37)</a>.<br> -pagpapatípon <i lang="en">a causing to be gathered</i> <a href= -"#a303.39">303(39)</a>.<br> -ipinatípon <i lang="en">was caused to be gathered</i> <a href= -"#a306.32">306(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">típus S. <i lang="en">typhoid</i> <a href= -"#a223.19">223(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tirà: tumirà <i lang="en">dwelt</i>, -<i lang="en">staid</i> <a href="#a229.41">229(41)</a>.<br> -magtirà <i lang="en">dwelt</i> <a href="#a54.12">54(12)</a>.<br> -nagtirà <i lang="en">dwelt</i> <a href="#a50.4">50(4)</a>.<br> -nagtítirà <i lang="en">is dwelling</i>, <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb406" href="#pb406" name= -"pb406">406</a>]</span><i lang="en">stays</i> <a href= -"#a38.8">38(8)</a>. <a href="#a114.27">114(27)</a>.<br> -pagtitirà <i lang="en">a staying</i> <a href= -"#a36.25">36(25)</a>. <a href="#a54.13">54(13)</a>.<br> -nagtútumirà <i lang="en">keeps staying</i> <a href= -"#a112.27">112(27)</a>.<br> -itinirà <i lang="en">was left</i> <a href= -"#a249.1">249(1)</a>.<br> -tirahàn <i lang="en">be dwelt in</i> <a href= -"#a253.40">253(40)</a>.<br> -tinìtirahàn <i lang="en">is being dwelt in</i> <a href= -"#a253.42">253(42)</a>.<br> -tirhàn <i lang="en">be left for</i> <a href= -"#a253.39">253(39)</a>.<br> -tinirhàn <i lang="en">was dwelt in</i>, <i lang="en">was left -for</i> <a href="#a118.3">118(3)</a>. <a href= -"#a253.38">253(38)</a>.<br> -tìráhan <i lang="en">dwelling</i> <a href= -"#a16.32">16(32)</a>. <a href="#a24.38">24(38)</a>.<br> -titirhàn <i lang="en">home</i>, <i lang="en">house</i> <a href= -"#a118.27">118(27)</a>.<br> -ikinápagtirà <i lang="en">was the cause of dwelling</i> -<a href="#a120.6">120(6)</a>.<br> -kinàtirhàn <i lang="en">was lived in</i> <a href= -"#a120.42">120(42)</a>.<br> -makatirà <i lang="en">be able to stay</i> <a href= -"#a52.39">52(39)</a>.<br> -mátirà <i lang="en">remain</i>, <i lang="en">get left</i> -<a href="#a192.38">192(38)</a>.<br> -màtìtirà <i lang="en">will have to remain</i> -<a href="#a187.26">187(26)</a>.<br> -nátirà <i lang="en">got left</i>, <i lang="en">dwelt</i> -<a href="#a28.31">28(31)</a>. <a href="#a56.30">56(30)</a>.<br> -nàtìtirà <i lang="en">is left</i>, <i lang= -"en">dwells</i> <a href="#a26.28">26(28)</a>. <a href= -"#a28.33">28(33)</a>.<br> -pagkátirà <i lang="en">a chance staying</i> <a href= -"#a116.25">116(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tísod: tinísod <i lang="en">was kicked -away</i> <a href="#a245.20">245(20)</a>.<br> -natísod <i lang="en">has been kicked away</i> <a href= -"#a284.20">284(20)</a>.<br> -nakàtísod <i lang="en">accidentally hit with the foot</i> -<a href="#a290.35">290(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tiwálaʾ: tiwalàʾ <i lang= -"en">persuaded</i>, <i lang="en">convinced</i> <a href= -"#a104.40">104(40)</a>.<br> -paniwálaʾ <i lang="en">belief</i> <a href= -"#a40.3">40(3)</a>.<br> -maniwálaʾ <i lang="en">believe</i> <a href= -"#a68.29">68(29)</a>.<br> -naniwálaʾ <i lang="en">believed</i> <a href= -"#a106.19">106(19)</a>.<br> -nanìniwálaʾ <i lang="en">believes</i> <a href= -"#a40.7">40(7)</a>. <a href="#a52.1">52(1)</a>.<br> -paniniwálaʾ <i lang="en">a believing</i>, <i lang= -"en">faith</i> <a href="#a34.32">34(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a40.2">40(2)</a>.<br> -pàniwalaìn <i lang="en">credulous</i> <a href= -"#a116.9">116(9)</a>.<br> -paniwaláan <i lang="en">be given credence</i> <a href= -"#a52.6">52(6)</a>.<br> -kàtiwálaʾ <i lang="en">confidential agent</i>, -<i lang="en">manager</i> <a href="#a268.13">268(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tiyà S. <i lang="en">aunt</i> <a href= -"#p59"><b>59</b></a>. <a href="#p256"><b>256</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">tiyàn <i lang="en">womb</i> <a href= -"#a36.16">36(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tiyának <i lang="en">goblin</i> <a href= -"#a68.1">68(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">teyátro teátro S. <i lang="en">theatre</i> -<a href="#a148.27">148(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tiyobíbo S. <i lang="en">merry-go-round</i> -<a href="#a307.21">307(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tlò: tatlò <i lang="en">three</i> -<a href="#a24.18">24(18)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>.<br> -tatlò ŋ gabì: pagtatatlò-ŋ-gabì -<i lang="en">a three-nights’ celebration</i> <a href= -"#a114.28">114(28)</a>.<br> -tatlò ŋ pùʾ: -paŋatlò-ŋ-pùʾ <i lang="en">number -thirty</i> <a href="#a226.9">226(9)</a>.<br> -tatlò-tatlò <i lang="en">three by three</i> <a href= -"#a224.1">224(1)</a>.<br> -paŋatlò <i lang="en">number three</i> <a href= -"#a226.8">226(8)</a>.<br> -ikatlò <i lang="en">third</i> <a href= -"#a273.19">273(19)</a>.<br> -makáitlò makáyitlò <i lang="en">three -times</i> <a href="#a298.36">298(36)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">trabahadùr S. <i lang="en">laborer</i> <a href= -"#a82.25">82(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">trabáho S. <i lang="en">labor</i> <a href= -"#a30.26">30(26)</a>.<br> -trabáho-ŋ-kaniyunéro <i lang= -"en">artilleryman’s work</i> <a href="#a155.22">155(22)</a>.<br> -magtàtrabáho <i lang="en">will work</i> <a href= -"#a138.30">138(30)</a>.<br> -nagtrabáho <i lang="en">worked</i> <a href= -"#a90.14">90(14)</a>.<br> -pagtatrabáho <i lang="en">a working</i> <a href= -"#a82.7">82(7)</a>.<br> -pinapagtàtrabáho <i lang="en">is being caused to work</i> -<a href="#a72.33">72(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">trabúko, <i lang="en">see</i> búko.</p> -<p class="par">trèn S. <i lang="en">train</i> <a href= -"#a116.21">116(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tsàŋ C. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a263.4">263(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tsíko síko S. <i lang= -"en">custard-apple</i>, <i lang="en">Achras sapota L.</i> <a href= -"#a34.40">34(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tsína S. <i lang="en">China</i> <a href= -"#a269.20">269(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tubàʾ <i lang="en">sap</i> <a href= -"#a258.1">258(1)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túbig <i lang="en">water</i> <a href= -"#a16.31">16(31)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túbo S. <i lang="en">tube</i> <a href= -"#a255.20">255(20)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tubò <i lang="en">sugar-cane</i> <a href= -"#a181.15">181(15)</a>.<br> -tubúhan <i lang="en">cane-field</i> <a href= -"#a237.41">237(41)</a>. <a href="#a259.18">259(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túboʾ <i lang="en">that grown</i>; <i lang= -"en">profit</i> <a href="#a189.24">189(24)</a>. <a href= -"#a232.22">232(22)</a>.<br> -tumúboʾ <i lang="en">grew</i> <a href= -"#a16.12">16(12)</a>.<br> -tùtúboʾ <i lang="en">will grow</i> <a href= -"#a16.9">16(9)</a>.<br> -tinubúan <i lang="en">was grown up in</i>, <i lang="en">was -grown on</i> <a href="#a26.39">26(39)</a>. <a href= -"#a204.10">204(10)</a>.<br> -katutúboʾ <i lang="en">inborn</i> <a href= -"#a38.13">38(13)</a>. <a href="#a267.4">267(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tud, <i lang="en">see</i> -tuwìd.</p> -<p class="par">tugtòg <i lang="en">that played</i>, <i lang= -"en">piece of music</i> <a href="#a186.21">186(21)</a>.<br> -tumugtòg <i lang="en">play music</i> <a href= -"#a166.3">166(3)</a>.<br> -tumútugtòg <i lang="en">is playing music</i> <a href= -"#a110.37">110(37)</a>.<br> -nagsísitugtòg <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a110.32">110(32)</a>.<br> -mánunugtòg <i lang="en">musician</i> <a href= -"#a112.3">112(3)</a>.<br> -tugtúgin <i lang="en">music</i> <a href= -"#a247.22">247(22)</a>.<br> -tinùtugtugàn <i lang="en">is being played for</i> -<a href="#a48.30">48(30)</a>.<br> -tugtúgan <i lang="en">piece of music by several performers</i> -<a href="#a112.4">112(4)</a>.<br> -pagtutugtúgan <i lang="en">a playing together</i> <a href= -"#a110.40">110(40)</a>.<br> -pagpapatugtòg <i lang="en">a causing to be played</i> <a href= -"#a80.26">80(26)</a>. <span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb407" href= -"#pb407" name="pb407">407</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">túhod <i lang="en">knee</i> <a href= -"#a48.19">48(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tukàʾ <i lang="en">beak</i> <a href= -"#a230.2">230(2)</a>.<br> -tumukàʾ <i lang="en">pick with the beak</i> <a href= -"#a230.2">230(2)</a>.<br> -paŋpatukàʾ <i lang="en">given to pick</i> <a href= -"#a301.8">301(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tuksò <i lang="en">joke</i> <a href= -"#a195.39">195(39)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tuktòk: tumuktòk <i lang="en">knocked</i> -<a href="#a78.26">78(26)</a>.<br> -tumútuktòk <i lang="en">is knocking</i> <a href= -"#a155.37">155(37)</a>.<br> -pagtuktòk <i lang="en">a knocking</i> <a href= -"#a78.27">78(27)</a>.<br> -itinuktòk <i lang="en">was knocked</i> <a href= -"#a30.7">30(7)</a>.<br> -ituktòk <i lang="en">top</i>, <i lang="en">ceiling</i> <a href= -"#a62.15">62(15)</a>. <a href="#a118.21">118(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-túkop: tinúkop <i lang="en">was covered -with the hand</i> <a href="#a100.2">100(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tulàʾ <i lang="en">connected</i> <a href= -"#a186.40">186(40)</a>.<br> -tulá-tulàʾ <i lang="en">coherent</i> <a href= -"#a44.35">44(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-túlad: tuláran <i lang="en">be -limited</i> <a href="#a74.23">74(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túlak <i lang="en">push</i> <a href= -"#a252.5">252(5)</a>.<br> -tumúlak pushed at; <i lang="en">went away</i> <a href= -"#a230.3">230(3)</a>. <a href="#a235.10">235(10)</a>.<br> -nagtúlak <i lang="en">pushed</i> <a href= -"#a235.9">235(9)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tulày <i lang="en">bridge</i> <a href= -"#a163.12">163(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tulè: tutulè <i lang="en">ear-wax</i> -<a href="#a224.22">224(22)</a>.<br> -maŋhinulè <i lang="en">clean the ears</i> <a href= -"#a241.30">241(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-túlin: magtúlin <i lang="en">go fast</i> -<a href="#a167.35">167(35)</a>.<br> -nagtùtúlin <i lang="en">is hurrying</i> <a href= -"#a68.16">68(16)</a>.<br> -tinulínan <i lang="en">speed</i> <a href= -"#a310.19">310(19)</a>.<br> -matúlin <i lang="en">swift</i> <a href="#a18.8">18(8)</a>. -<a href="#a60.31">60(31)</a>.<br> -nàtúlin <i lang="en">got faster</i> <a href= -"#a294.29">294(29)</a>.<br> -pinatúlin <i lang="en">was caused to hurry</i> <a href= -"#a72.4">72(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túlis <i lang="en">point</i> <a href= -"#a284.33">284(33)</a>.<br> -tulìs <i lang="en">pointed</i> <a href="#a223.7">223(7)</a>.<br> -tulísan <i lang="en">be sharpened</i> <a href= -"#a254.1">254(1)</a>.<br> -tulisàn <i lang="en">bandit</i> <a href= -"#a120.1">120(1)</a>.<br> -matúlis <i lang="en">pointed</i> <a href= -"#a271.12">271(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túlog <i lang="en">sleep</i> <a href= -"#a220.8">220(8)</a>.<br> -tumúlog <i lang="en">slept in</i> <a href= -"#a64.38">64(38)</a>.<br> -tumùtúlog <i lang="en">sleeps in</i> <a href= -"#a64.37">64(37)</a>.<br> -pagtúlog <i lang="en">a sleeping</i> <a href= -"#a230.7">230(7)</a>.<br> -tinùtulúgan <i lang="en">is being slept in</i> <a href= -"#a62.39">62(39)</a>. <a href="#a190.12">190(12)</a>.<br> -tulugàn <i lang="en">sleeping-place</i> <a href= -"#a260.32">260(32)</a>.<br> -makitúlog <i lang="en">sleep along with</i> <a href= -"#a122.14">122(14)</a>.<br> -matúlog <i lang="en">go to sleep</i> <a href="#a64.5">64(5)</a>. -<a href="#a84.18">84(18)</a>.<br> -natúlog <i lang="en">went to sleep</i> <a href= -"#a18.36">18(36)</a>. <a href="#a38.20">38(20)</a>. <a href= -"#a84.39">84(39)</a>.<br> -natùtúlog <i lang="en">is asleep</i> <a href= -"#a18.38">18(38)</a>. <a href="#a38.28">38(28)</a>. <a href= -"#a62.9">62(9)</a>.<br> -matutulugìn <i lang="en">sleepy-head</i> <a href= -"#a290.4">290(4)</a>.<br> -nakàtúlog <i lang="en">happened to sleep in</i> <a href= -"#a290.36">290(36)</a>.<br> -màkatúlog <i lang="en">chance to fall asleep</i> <a href= -"#a296.41">296(41)</a>.<br> -maŋàkatúlog <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a297.3">297(3)</a>.<br> -maŋàkàkatúlog <i lang="en">will fall -asleep</i><a id="xd21e118044" name="xd21e118044"></a> <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a192.14">192(14)</a>.<br> -nàkatúlog <i lang="en">fell asleep</i> <a href= -"#a296.37">296(37)</a>.<br> -naŋàkàkatúlog <i lang="en">are asleep</i> -<a href="#a296.43">296(43)</a>.<br> -pagkàkatúlog <i lang="en">a falling asleep</i> <a href= -"#a62.22">62(22)</a>.<br> -màtulúgan <i lang="en">get slept in</i> <a href= -"#a84.17">84(17)</a>.<br> -patúlog-túlog <i lang="en">sleeping by fits and -starts</i> <a href="#a300.36">300(36)</a>.<br> -nagpatúlog <i lang="en">caused to sleep</i> <a href= -"#a62.8">62(8)</a>.<br> -patulúgin <i lang="en">be caused to sleep</i> <a href= -"#a305.3">305(3)</a>.<br> -pinatúlog <i lang="en">was caused to sleep</i> <a href= -"#a36.18">36(18)</a>. <a href="#a84.38">84(38)</a>.<br> -mapatúlog <i lang="en">be able to be caused to sleep</i> -<a href="#a64.2">64(2)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túloŋ <i lang="en">help</i> <a href= -"#a32.39">32(39)</a>.<br> -tùtúloŋ <i lang="en">will help</i> <a href= -"#a32.11">32(11)</a>.<br> -nagsìsitúloŋ <i lang="en">are helping</i> <a href= -"#a114.2">114(2)</a>.<br> -tulúŋan <i lang="en">be assisted</i> <a href= -"#a234.19">234(19)</a>.<br> -pinagtùtulùŋ-tulúŋan <i lang="en">is -being done by haphazard helping</i> <a href="#a106.29">106(29)</a>.<br> -pagtutuluŋàn <i lang="en">a mutual assisting</i> <a href= -"#a237.4">237(4)</a>.<br> -ikatúloŋ <i lang="en">be the means of helping</i> <a href= -"#a60.23">60(23)</a>.<br> -nakatúloŋ <i lang="en">contributed</i> <a href= -"#a94.37">94(37)</a>.<br> -nakatùtúloŋ <i lang="en">is contributing</i> -<a href="#a112.11">112(11)</a>.<br> -napatùtúloŋ <i lang="en">is asking to be helped</i> -<a href="#a311.35">311(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-túlos: pagtutúlos <i lang="en">an -offering up</i> <a href="#a50.29">50(29)</a>.<br> -nàtùtúlos <i lang="en">is set up</i> <a href= -"#a66.41">66(41)</a>.<br> -nagpatúlos <i lang="en">caused to be set up</i> <a href= -"#a72.29">72(29)</a>.<br> -nàipatúlos <i lang="en">was caused to be set up</i> -<a href="#a80.26">80(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-túloy (a): itinúloy <i lang="en">was gone -on with</i> <a href="#a287.11">287(11)</a>.<br> -tinulúyan <i lang="en">was staid with</i> <a href= -"#a116.35">116(35)</a>.<br> -tùlúyan <i lang="en">place of lodging</i>; <i lang= -"en">see</i> báhay.<br> -nakitúloy <i lang="en">asked to stay with</i> <a href= -"#a148.31">148(31)</a>.<br> -patúloy <i lang="en">caused to go on</i>; <i lang="en">going -on</i> <a href="#a60.3">60(3)</a>. <a href="#a70.34">70(34)</a>.<br> -pinatúloy <i lang="en">was caused to stay on</i> <a href= -"#a84.38">84(38)</a>.<br> -ipatúloy <i lang="en">be caused to go on</i>, <i lang="en">be -continued</i> <a href="#a88.43">88(43)</a>.<span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb408" href="#pb408" name="pb408">408</a>]</span><br> -ipinatúloy <i lang="en">was continued</i> <a href= -"#a20.41">20(41)</a>. <a href="#a66.18">66(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a84.3">84(3)</a>.<br> -ipinatùtúloy <i lang="en">is being continued</i> <a href= -"#a108.20">108(20)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">With accent-shift</i>: tulòy <i lang= -"en">further</i> <a href="#a28.12">28(12)</a>. <a href= -"#a34.8">34(8)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p231"><b>231</b></a>.<br> -nátulòy <i lang="en">chanced to continue</i>, <i lang= -"en">got continued</i> <a href="#a207.31">207(31)</a>. <a href= -"#a237.5">237(5)</a>. <a href="#a240.18">240(18)</a>.<br> -papagtùtuluyìn <i lang="en">will be caused to go on</i> -<a href="#a88.14">88(14)</a>.<br> -ipinatulòy <i lang="en">was caused to be gone on with</i> -<a href="#a96.31">96(31)</a>. <a href="#a307.6">307(6)</a>.<br> -ipinapatulòy <i lang="en">was caused to be caused to be gone on -with</i> <a href="#a307.12">307(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tumpàk <i lang="en">correct</i> <a href= -"#a219.20">219(20)</a>.<br> -màtumpakàn <i lang="en">get ascertained</i> <a href= -"#a70.32">70(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túnay <i lang="en">true</i> <a href= -"#a66.7">66(7)</a>. <a href="#a82.31">82(31)</a>.<br> -katunáyan <i lang="en">truth</i>, <i lang="en">truly</i> -<a href="#a30.15">30(15)</a>. <a href="#a82.5">82(5)</a>. <a href= -"#p265"><b>265</b></a>(6).<br> -pinatunáyan <i lang="en">was caused to be realized</i> <a href= -"#a308.29">308(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tuntòn: tùtuntunìn <i lang= -"en">will be followed</i> <a href="#a34.14">34(14)</a>.<br> -tinuntòn <i lang="en">was followed</i> <a href= -"#a34.21">34(21)</a>.<br> -palatuntúnin <i lang="en">querulant</i> <a href= -"#a315.11">315(11)</a>.<br> -palàtuntúnan <i lang="en">set of rules</i> <a href= -"#a315.26">315(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tóno S. <i lang="en">tone</i> <a href= -"#a207.4">207(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tuŋkòl <i lang="en">about</i>, <i lang= -"en">concerning</i> <a href="#a30.16">30(16)</a>. <a href= -"#a52.25">52(25)</a>. <a href="#p287"><b>287</b></a>. <a href= -"#p288"><b>288</b></a>.<br> -tuŋkúlin <i lang="en">concern</i>, <i lang="en">duty</i> -<a href="#a96.40">96(40)</a>.<br> -katuŋkúlan <i lang="en">duty</i>, <i lang="en">office</i> -<a href="#a52.41">52(41)</a>. <a href="#a110.32">110(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tuŋtòŋ <i lang="en">a stand</i> -<a href="#a221.31">221(31)</a>.<br> -tútuntóŋ <i lang="en">will set foot on</i> <a href= -"#a70.26">70(26)</a>. <a href="#a100.29">100(29)</a>.<br> -tinùtuntuŋàn <i lang="en">is being stood on</i> -<a href="#a100.25">100(25)</a>.<br> -makátuntòŋ-tuntòŋ <i lang="en">ever set -foot on</i> <a href="#a100.8">100(8)</a>.<br> -mátuntòŋ <i lang="en">happen to stand on</i> -<a href="#a68.4">68(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-túŋo: tumúŋo <i lang="en">went -toward</i> <a href="#a230.8">230(8)</a>.<br> -nagsitúŋo <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a282.30">282(30)</a>.<br> -katúŋo <i lang="en">person dealt with</i> <a href= -"#a266.25">266(25)</a>.<br> -kàtùtuŋúhan <i lang="en">will turn out to be -the place gone toward</i> <a href="#a279.20">279(20)</a>.<br> -nàkàkatúŋo <i lang="en">is being dealt -with</i> <a href="#a68.14">68(14)</a>.<br> -patúŋo <i lang="en">towards</i> <a href= -"#a18.40">18(40)</a>. <a href="#a20.3">20(3)</a>. <a href= -"#a48.6">48(6)</a>. <a href="#p285"><b>285</b></a>.<br> -pagpatúŋo <i lang="en">a going towards</i> <a href= -"#a120.7">120(7)</a>. <a href="#a302.21">302(21)</a>.<br> -patùtuŋúhan <i lang="en">will be headed for</i> -<a href="#a90.43">90(43)</a>. <a href="#a307.4">307(4)</a>.<br> -pinatùtuŋúhan <i lang="en">is being headed for</i> -<a href="#a72.6">72(6)</a>. <a href="#a308.30">308(30)</a>.<br> -kapàpatuŋúhan <i lang="en">will be the place headed -for</i> <a href="#a26.33">26(33)</a>. <a href= -"#a310.28">310(28)</a>.<br> -napatúŋo <i lang="en">went toward</i> <a href= -"#a102.42">102(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tuŋò: itinuŋò <i lang="en">was -bent over</i> <a href="#a74.16">74(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túpa <i lang="en">sheep</i> <a href= -"#a112.40">112(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tupàd: pagtupàd <i lang="en">a -fulfilling</i> <a href="#a96.39">96(39)</a>.<br> -pagkatupàd <i lang="en">a having fulfilled</i> <a href= -"#a233.35">233(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Tùrkos S. <i lang="en">Turks</i> <a href= -"#a260.10">260(10)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">torníliyo S. <i lang="en">screw</i> <a href= -"#a92.38">92(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túroʾ <i lang="en">that pointed out</i>, -<i lang="en">a teaching</i> <a href="#a186.32">186(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a221.32">221(32)</a>.<br> -turòʾ <i lang="en">extended</i>, <i lang="en">stiff</i> -<a href="#a223.8">223(8)</a>.<br> -panúroʾ <i lang="en">pointer</i> <a href= -"#a225.27">225(27)</a>.<br> -magtúroʾ <i lang="en">teach</i> <a href= -"#a232.36">232(36)</a>.<br> -nagtùtúroʾ <i lang="en">is teaching</i> <a href= -"#a232.38">232(38)</a>.<br> -pagtutúroʾ <i lang="en">a teaching</i> <a href= -"#a88.14">88(14)</a>.<br> -nagtúturòʾ <i lang="en">is pointing out -variously</i> <a href="#a238.14">238(14)</a>.<br> -panunúroʾ <i lang="en">a pointing things out</i> <a href= -"#a240.39">240(39)</a>.<br> -itúroʾ <i lang="en">be pointed out</i>, <i lang="en">be -shown</i> <a href="#a182.43">182(43)</a>. <a href= -"#a249.2">249(2)</a>.<br> -katuruàn <i lang="en">one of two who point at each other</i> -<a href="#a278.25">278(25)</a>.<br> -màitúroʾ <i lang="en">get taught</i> <a href= -"#a90.1">90(1)</a>.<br> -hintutúroʾ <i lang="en">forefinger</i> <a href= -"#a42.14">42(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">turumpò S. <i lang="en">spinning-top</i> <a href= -"#a227.6">227(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tútaʾ <i lang="en">puppy</i> <a href= -"#a244.40">244(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túto <i lang="en">perception</i>, <i lang= -"en">care</i> <a href="#a166.36">166(36)</a>.<br> -màtúto <i lang="en">get educated</i> <a href= -"#a168.14">168(14)</a>.<br> -nàtúto <i lang="en">got taught</i> <a href= -"#a178.4">178(4)</a>.<br> -màtutúhan <i lang="en">get learned</i> <a href= -"#a196.35">196(35)</a>.<br> -nàtutúhan <i lang="en">got learned</i> <a href= -"#a28.2">28(2)</a>. <a href="#a50.24">50(24)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tutubè <i lang="en">dragon-fly</i> <a href= -"#a291.28">291(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">totoò <i lang="en">true</i> <a href= -"#a104.23">104(23)</a>. <a href="#a116.2">116(2)</a>.<br> -tòtohánan <i lang="en">actuality</i> <a href= -"#a94.21">94(21)</a>. <a href="#a259.16">259(16)</a>.<br> -katotohánan <i lang="en">truth</i> <a href="#a26.5">26(5)</a>. -<a href="#a68.32">68(32)</a>.<br> -nagpatotoò <i lang="en">testified</i>, <i lang="en">affirmed</i> -<a href="#a303.42">303(42)</a>.<br> -pagpapatotoò <i lang="en">a testifying</i> <a href= -"#a304.3">304(3)</a>.<br> -pinapagpatotoò <i lang="en">was caused <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb409" href="#pb409" name="pb409">409</a>]</span>to -testify</i> <a href="#a305.40">305(40)</a>.<br> -tagapagpatotoò <i lang="en">witness</i> <a href= -"#a20.13">20(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">toòd <i lang="en">stump</i> <a href= -"#a16.23">16(23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tuòs <i lang="en">care</i> <a href= -"#a46.29">46(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tuwàʾ <i lang="en">joy</i>, <i lang= -"en">gladness</i> <a href="#a46.5">46(5)</a>. <a href= -"#a76.41">76(41)</a>. <i lang="en">glad</i> <a href= -"#a80.15">80(15)</a>.<br> -ikinatuwàʾ <i lang="en">was the cause of joy</i> <a href= -"#a26.25">26(25)</a>.<br> -ikinatútuwàʾ <i lang="en">is the cause of being -glad</i> <a href="#a272.26">272(26)</a>.<br> -kàtwáan <i lang="en">a rejoicing together</i> <a href= -"#a120.25">120(25)</a>.<br> -magkàtwáan <i lang="en">rejoice together</i> <a href= -"#a280.11">280(11)</a>.<br> -nagkàkàtwáan <i lang="en">are rejoicing -together</i> <a href="#a120.26">120(26)</a>.<br> -nakatútuwàʾ <i lang="en">causes pleasure</i> -<a href="#a280.40">280(40)</a>.<br> -natuwàʾ <i lang="en">became glad</i> <a href= -"#a24.27">24(27)</a>.<br> -naŋatuwàʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a34.23">34(23)</a>.<br> -màkatuwaàn <i lang="en">happen to be liked</i> <a href= -"#a40.39">40(39)</a>. <a href="#a298.28">298(28)</a>.<br> -palatwáin <i lang="en">easily pleased</i> <a href= -"#a315.13">315(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">tuwìʾ <i lang="en">every time</i>, <i lang= -"en">whenever</i> <a href="#a58.3">58(3)</a>. <a href= -"#a60.40">60(40)</a>. <a href="#p244"><b>244</b></a>. <a href= -"#p300"><b>300</b></a>. <a href="#p307"><b>307</b></a>. <a href= -"#p317.5"><b>317</b>(5)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-tuwìd: pagtutuwìd <i lang="en">a -reckoning</i> <a href="#a232.39">232(39)</a>.<br> -katuwíran <i lang="en">the right</i> <a href="#a56.7">56(7)</a>. -<a href="#a100.38">100(38)</a>. <a href="#a257.14">257(14)</a>.<br> -katuturàn <i lang="en">right outcome</i> <a href= -"#a76.21">76(21)</a>.<br> -makatuwìd <i lang="en">have figured out</i>; <i lang= -"en">consequence</i> <a href="#a56.15">56(15)</a>.<br> -matuwìd <i lang="en">correct</i> <a href="#a44.26">44(26)</a>. -<a href="#a50.14">50(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">túyot <i lang="en">drought</i> <a href= -"#a191.32">191(32)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e119254" class="main">U (O).</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">o S? <i lang="en">or</i> <a href= -"#a16.25">16(25)</a>. <a href="#p45"><b>45</b></a>. <a href= -"#p321"><b>321</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">ò <i lang="en">oh</i> <a href= -"#a76.34">76(34)</a>. <a href="#a80.12">80(12)</a>. <a href= -"#a151.15">151(15)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ó, <i lang="en">see</i> óo.</p> -<p class="par">-ubrà (S.): umbrà <i lang="en">took -effect</i>, <i lang="en">was suitable</i> <a href= -"#a230.11">230(11)</a>.<br> -pagubrà <i lang="en">a taking effect</i> <a href= -"#a108.35">108(35)</a>.<br> -magúubrà <i lang="en">will suit</i> <a href= -"#a235.11">235(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úbos <i lang="en">exhaustion</i><br> -úbos-lakàs <i lang="en">exhaustion of strength</i> -<a href="#a18.39">18(39)</a>. <a href="#a22.16">22(16)</a>.<br> -úbos-làkásan <i lang="en">exhaustion of strength -by several</i> <a href="#a96.29">96(29)</a>.<br> -ipinagúbos-làkásan <i lang="en">was done with -exhaustion of strength</i> <a href="#a250.4">250(4)</a>.<br> -inùúbos <i lang="en">is being used up</i> <a href= -"#a112.9">112(9)</a>.<br> -iniyúbos <i lang="en">was expended</i> <a href= -"#a283.41">283(41)</a>.<br> -nakaùúbos <i lang="en">is able to use up</i> <a href= -"#a112.40">112(40)</a>.<br> -naúbos <i lang="en">was used up</i> <a href= -"#a312.29">312(29)</a>.<br> -naubúsan <i lang="en">was exhausted of</i> <a href= -"#a32.19">32(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ugáliʾ <i lang="en">habit</i> <a href= -"#a96.26">96(26)</a>.<br> -inugáliʾ <i lang="en">was made a habit</i> <a href= -"#a36.25">36(25)</a>.<br> -kaugáliʾ <i lang="en">accordant in habits</i> <a href= -"#a266.27">266(27)</a>.<br> -kaugaliàn <i lang="en">custom</i> <a href="#a38.10">38(10)</a>. -<a href="#a112.22">112(22)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ugàt <i lang="en">root</i>, <i lang= -"en">artery</i> <a href="#a218.32">218(32)</a>. <a href= -"#a290.12">290(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úhaw <i lang="en">thirst</i> <a href= -"#a280.38">280(38)</a><span class="corr" id="xd21e119453" title= -"Not in source">.</span><br> -naùúhaw <i lang="en">is thirsty</i> <a href= -"#a285.25">285(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úkol <i lang="en">with regard to</i>, <i lang= -"en">for</i> <a href="#a42.15">42(15)</a>. <a href= -"#a50.28">50(28)</a>. <a href="#p288"><b>288</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">úlam <i lang="en">that eaten along with -one’s rice</i> <a href="#a72.34">72(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ulàn <i lang="en">rain</i> <a href= -"#a110.14">110(14)</a>.<br> -umulàn <i lang="en">rained</i> <a href= -"#a177.16">177(16)</a>.<br> -umúulàn <i lang="en">is raining</i> <a href= -"#a152.16">152(16)</a>.<br> -úulàn <i lang="en">will rain</i> <a href= -"#a168.34">168(34)</a>.<br> -pagulàn <i lang="en">a raining</i> <a href= -"#a110.21">110(21)</a>.<br> -maulàn <i lang="en">rainy</i> <a href= -"#a110.21">110(21)</a>.<br> -nagpápaulàn <i lang="en">causes rain</i> <a href= -"#a110.15">110(15)</a>.<br> -tagulàn <i lang="en">rainy season</i> <a href= -"#a202.18">202(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ulèʾ <i lang="en">again</i> <a href= -"#a24.11">24(11)</a>. <a href="#p47"><b>47</b></a>. <a href= -"#p232"><b>232</b></a>. <i lang="en">See</i> sa.<br> -úulèʾ <i lang="en">will do it again</i> <a href= -"#a44.12">44(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">olíva S. <i lang="en">olive</i> <a href= -"#a90.28">90(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úliŋ <i lang="en">charcoal</i> <a href= -"#a70.32">70(32)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-úlit: paguúlit-úlit <i lang="en">a -manifold repeating</i> <a href="#a86.10">86(10)</a>.<br> -inúlit <i lang="en">was repeated</i> <a href= -"#a50.28">50(28)</a>.<br> -maúlit <i lang="en">stubborn</i> <a href= -"#a24.14">24(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úlo <i lang="en">head</i> <a href= -"#a22.10">22(10)</a>. <a href="#a26.4">26(4)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> -básag.<br> -uluhàn <i lang="en">head-end</i> <a href="#a72.3">72(3)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">ulòl <i lang="en">foolish</i>, <i lang= -"en">crazy</i> <a href="#a16.1">16(1)</a>.<br> -kaululàn <i lang="en">foolishness</i> <a href= -"#a98.23">98(23)</a>.<br> -kaùlúlan <i lang="en">one of two who fool each other</i> -<a href="#a278.3">278(3)</a>.<br> -pagkaulòl <i lang="en">insanity</i> <a href= -"#a254.29">254(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">umága, <i lang="en">see</i> -ága. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb410" href="#pb410" name= -"pb410">410</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par">-umìt: paŋuŋumìt -paŋuumìt <i lang="en">petty thievery</i> <a href= -"#a156.3">156(3)</a>. <a href="#a310.6">310(6)</a>.<br> -inumìt <i lang="en">was filched</i> <a href= -"#a293.28">293(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-umpisà: magumpisà <i lang="en">begin</i> -<a href="#a18.31">18(31)</a>. <a href="#a32.16">32(16)</a>.<br> -nagumpisà <i lang="en">began</i> <a href="#a16.26">16(26)</a>. -<a href="#a20.29">20(29)</a>.<br> -paguumpisà <i lang="en">a beginning</i> <a href= -"#a26.35">26(35)</a>. <a href="#a96.15">96(15)</a>.<br> -umpisahàn <i lang="en">be begun</i> <a href= -"#a48.4">48(4)</a>.<br> -inumpisahàn <i lang="en">was begun</i> <a href= -"#a26.19">26(19)</a>. <a href="#a50.21">50(21)</a>.<br> -inùumpisahàn <i lang="en">is being begun</i> <a href= -"#a48.37">48(37)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-umpòg: nagkákaumpòg-umpòg -<i lang="en">is getting repeated bumps</i> <a href= -"#a62.19">62(19)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-umpòk: umpúkan <i lang="en">assemblage -for talking</i> <a href="#a38.7">38(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úna (a) <i lang="en">first</i> <a href= -"#a24.15">24(15)</a>. <a href="#a38.21">38(21)</a>. <a href= -"#a273.21">273(21)</a>.<br> -paŋúna <i lang="en">number one</i> <a href= -"#a225.39">225(39)</a>.<br> -maŋùŋúna <i lang="en">will take the lead</i> -<a href="#a240.40">240(40)</a>.<br> -naŋúna <i lang="en">took the lead</i> <a href= -"#a240.40">240(40)</a>.<br> -inúna <i lang="en">was taken first</i> <a href= -"#a42.31">42(31)</a>.<br> -pagkaúna <i lang="en">a having got ahead</i> <a href= -"#a283.12">283(12)</a>.<br> -—(b) <i lang="en">With accent-shift</i>: nagunà-unà -<i lang="en">competed for the first place</i> <a href= -"#a239.19">239(19)</a>.<br> -kàunà-unáhan <i lang="en">very first</i> <a href= -"#a280.16">280(16)</a>.<br> -náunà <i lang="en">got ahead</i> <a href= -"#a64.8">64(8)</a>.<br> -nàùunà <i lang="en">is ahead</i> <a href= -"#a88.24">88(24)</a>.<br> -pagkáunà <i lang="en">a getting ahead</i> <a href= -"#a18.34">18(34)</a>.<br> -nagpáunà <i lang="en">got himself into the first -place</i> <a href="#a304.24">304(24)</a>.<br> -nagpáunà-unà <i lang="en">got himself too far -ahead</i> <a href="#a304.27">304(27)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">únan <i lang="en">pillow</i> <a href= -"#a260.6">260(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-únat: naúnat <i lang="en">has been -straightened</i> <a href="#a284.21">284(21)</a>.<br> -nàúnat <i lang="en">got straightened</i> <a href= -"#a24.26">24(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">untìʾ <i lang="en">short</i> <a href= -"#a219.21">219(21)</a>.<br> -untì-untìʾ <i lang="en">little by little</i> -<a href="#a76.12">76(12)</a>. <a href="#a78.9">78(9)</a>.<br> -umuntìʾ <i lang="en">grew less</i> <a href= -"#a28.30">28(30)</a>.<br> -untiàn <i lang="en">be lessened</i> <a href= -"#a254.2">254(2)</a>.<br> -kauntìʾ <i lang="en">something small</i>, <i lang="en">a -bit</i> <a href="#a48.32">48(32)</a>. <a href="#a60.16">60(16)</a>.<br> -kayuntìʾ <i lang="en">what fewness</i> <a href= -"#a267.36">267(36)</a>.<br> -kákauntìʾ <i lang="en">only few</i> <a href= -"#a267.8">267(8)</a>.<br> -pauntiìn <i lang="en">be caused to be few</i>, <i lang="en">be -reduced</i> <a href="#a98.7">98(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">uŋàs <i lang="en">stupid</i> <a href= -"#a22.21">22(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">uŋgòʾ <i lang="en">monkey</i> <a href= -"#a16.1">16(1)</a>.<br> -nagùuŋgù-uŋgúan <i lang="en">is playing -monkey</i> <a href="#a237.11">237(11)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úpa <i lang="en">pay</i> <a href= -"#a56.3">56(3)</a>. <a href="#a72.33">72(33)</a>.<br> -ùúpa <i lang="en">will pay</i> <a href= -"#a88.12">88(12)</a>.<br> -umùúpa <i lang="en">hires</i> <a href= -"#a48.29">48(29)</a>.<br> -ùupáhan <i lang="en">will be paid</i> <a href= -"#a34.6">34(6)</a>.<br> -upahàn <i lang="en">hired</i> <a href= -"#a114.1">114(1.23)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úpaŋ <i lang="en">in order to</i>, <i lang= -"en">so that</i> <a href="#a16.22">16(22)</a>. <a href= -"#a18.16">18(16)</a>. <a href="#p308"><b>308</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">ópera S. <i lang="en">opera</i>; <i lang= -"en">see</i> sàmáhan.</p> -<p class="par">úpo <i lang="en">a vegetable</i>, <i lang= -"la">Lagenaria vulgaris Seringe</i> <a href="#a76.16">76(16)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">upòʾ <i lang="en">sit</i>; <i lang="en">a -sitting</i> <a href="#a220.9">220(9)</a>. <a href= -"#a222.7">222(7)</a>.<br> -paŋupòʾ <i lang="en">used for sitting</i> <a href= -"#a225.28">225(28)</a>.<br> -umupòʾ <i lang="en">sit</i> <a href="#a184.23">184(23)</a>. -<i lang="en">sat</i> <a href="#a230.15">230(15)</a>.<br> -pagupòʾ <i lang="en">a sitting</i> <a href= -"#a230.16">230(16)</a>.<br> -nagupòʾ <i lang="en">seated</i> <a href= -"#a235.12">235(12)</a>.<br> -nagúuupòʾ <i lang="en">sits variously</i> <a href= -"#a239.2">239(2)</a>.<br> -paguupòʾ <i lang="en">a sitting variously</i> <a href= -"#a181.30">181(30)</a>.<br> -naŋupòʾ <i lang="en">mischievously sat down on</i> -<a href="#a240.41">240(41)</a>.<br> -paŋuupòʾ <i lang="en">a mischievous sitting on</i> -<a href="#a240.42">240(42)</a>.<br> -ùupàn <i lang="en">will be sat on</i> <a href= -"#a254.4">254(4)</a>.<br> -inùupàn <i lang="en">is being sat on</i> <a href= -"#a32.5">32(5)</a>.<br> -ùpúan <i lang="en">a sitting together</i> <a href= -"#a258.9">258(9)</a>. <i lang="en">seat</i> <a href= -"#a24.39">24(39)</a>. <a href="#a283.9">283(9)</a>.<br> -uupàn <i lang="en">chair</i> <a href="#a180.29">180(29)</a>.<br> -kaùpúan <i lang="en">one of two who sit together</i> -<a href="#a278.4">278(4)</a>.<br> -kinàùupàn <i lang="en">happens to be the place of -sitting</i> <a href="#a223.16">223(16)</a>.<br> -nakaupòʾ <i lang="en">is seated</i> <a href= -"#a281.19">281(19)</a>.<br> -naŋákaupòʾ <i lang="en">pl.</i> <a href= -"#a286.11">286(11)</a>.<br> -naŋàkàkaupòʾ <i lang="en">are able to -sit</i> <a href="#a286.14">286(14)</a>.<br> -maupòʾ <i lang="en">sit down</i> <a href= -"#a184.24">184(24)</a>.<br> -maúupòʾ <i lang="en">will sit down</i> <a href= -"#a192.39">192(39)</a>.<br> -naupòʾ <i lang="en">sat down</i> <a href= -"#a24.39">24(39)</a>.<br> -naúupòʾ <i lang="en">is (in the act of) sitting -down</i> <a href="#a204.26">204(26)</a>.<br> -pagkaupòʾ <i lang="en">a sitting down</i> <a href= -"#a286.4">286(4)</a>.<br> -náupòʾ <i lang="en">happened to sit down</i> -<a href="#a202.1">202(1)</a>.<br> -nàùupòʾ <i lang="en">is sitting</i> <a href= -"#a30.29">30(29)</a>. <a href="#a96.22">96(22)</a>.<br> -pagkáupòʾ <i lang="en">a chance sitting</i> <a href= -"#a277.24">277(24)</a>.<br> -paupòʾ <i lang="en">that caused to sit</i> <a href= -"#a174.29">174(29)</a>. <a href="#a249.35">249(35)</a>. <i lang="en">in -sitting position</i> <a href="#a299.32">299(32)</a>.<br> -nagpaupòʾ <i lang="en">caused to sit</i> <a href= -"#a304.4">304(4)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb411" href="#pb411" name= -"pb411">411</a>]</span>pagpapaupòʾ <i lang="en">a causing -to sit</i> <a href="#a304.5">304(5)</a>.<br> -pinaupòʾ <i lang="en">was caused to sit</i> <a href= -"#a305.4">305(4)</a>.<br> -nápaupòʾ <i lang="en">involuntarily sat down</i> -<a href="#a198.24">198(24)</a>.<br> -nápatiupòʾ <i lang="en">fell into sitting -position</i> <a href="#a313.39">313(39)</a>.<br> -nàpàpatiupòʾ <i lang="en">falls on his -seat</i> <a href="#a313.40">313(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úpos <i lang="en">cigar-butt</i> <a href= -"#a205.21">205(21)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">óras S. <i lang="en">hour</i> <a href= -"#a42.4">42(4)</a>. <a href="#a48.26">48(26)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> -kalahátiʾ.<br> -orásan <i lang="en">be done promptly</i> <a href= -"#a254.5">254(5)</a>.<br> -orasàn <i lang="en">watch</i>, <i lang="en">clock</i> <a href= -"#a248.14">248(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">orasiyòn S. <i lang="en">prayer</i> <a href= -"#a104.14">104(14)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-úroŋ: umùúroŋ <i lang= -"en">is going backwards</i> <a href="#a230.18">230(18)</a>.<br> -naŋagsiúroŋ <i lang="en">retreated</i>, <i lang= -"en">pl.</i> <a href="#a262.30">262(30)</a>.<br> -pauròŋ <i lang="en">backwards</i> <a href= -"#a299.34">299(34)</a>.<br> -papauròŋ <i lang="en">backwards continually</i> <a href= -"#a300.40">300(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">usà <i lang="en">deer</i> <a href= -"#a18.1">18(1)</a>.<br> -nagusà-usáhan <i lang="en">played deer</i> <a href= -"#a237.12">237(12)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úsap <i lang="en">law-suit</i> <a href= -"#a199.33">199(33)</a>.<br> -paguúsap <i lang="en">a conversing</i> <a href= -"#a70.19">70(19)</a>.<br> -pagusápan <i lang="en">be discussed</i> <a href= -"#a102.5">102(5)</a>.<br> -pinagusápan <i lang="en">was discussed</i> <a href= -"#a28.2">28(2)</a>.<br> -pinagùusápan <i lang="en">is being discussed</i> <a href= -"#a30.29">30(29)</a>.<br> -makipagúsap <i lang="en">converse with</i> <a href= -"#a28.14">28(14)</a>.<br> -nakìkipagúsap <i lang="en">is entering into conversation -with</i> <a href="#a74.30">74(30)</a>.<br> -pakikipagúsap <i lang="en">an engaging in conversation with</i> -<a href="#a80.38">80(38)</a>.<br> -kaúsap <i lang="en">person conversed with</i> <a href= -"#a102.32">102(32)</a>.<br> -kumàkaúsap <i lang="en">is talking at</i> <a href= -"#a268.19">268(19)</a>.<br> -kausápin <i lang="en">be conversed with</i> <a href= -"#a44.2">44(2)</a>. <a href="#a70.21">70(21)</a>.<br> -kinaúsap <i lang="en">was addressed</i> <a href= -"#a70.24">70(24)</a>.<br> -makaúsap <i lang="en">be able to converse</i> <a href= -"#a68.20">68(20)</a>.<br> -màkaúsap <i lang="en">get conversed with</i> <a href= -"#a70.14">70(14)</a>.<br> -nàkaúsap <i lang="en">got conversed with</i> <a href= -"#a44.26">44(26)</a>. <a href="#a78.17">78(17)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">usbòŋ <i lang="en">edible shoot</i> <a href= -"#a253.2">253(2)</a>. <a href="#a256.13">256(13)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">usísaʾ <i lang="en">that inquired about</i> -<a href="#a221.34">221(34)</a>.<br> -nagusísaʾ <i lang="en">made inquiry</i> <a href= -"#a76.1">76(1)</a>.<br> -naŋusísaʾ <i lang="en">interrogated</i> <a href= -"#a241.3">241(3)</a>.<br> -usisáin <i lang="en">be asked about</i>; <i lang="en">be -interrogated</i> <a href="#a76.14">76(14)</a>. <a href= -"#a98.13">98(13)</a>. <a href="#a290.26">290(26)</a>.<br> -inusísaʾ <i lang="en">was questioned</i> <a href= -"#a76.28">76(28)</a>.<br> -pinagusisàʾ <i lang="en">was variously questioned</i> -<a href="#a76.5">76(5)</a>.<br> -nausísaʾ <i lang="en">has been questioned</i> <a href= -"#a284.23">284(23)</a>.<br> -naùusísaʾ <i lang="en">has just been questioned</i> -<a href="#a76.22">76(22)</a>.<br> -mapagusísaʾ <i lang="en">inquisitive</i> <a href= -"#a60.19">60(19)</a>.<br> -nakàusísaʾ <i lang="en">happen to inquire</i> -<a href="#a290.39">290(39)</a>.<br> -nàusísaʾ <i lang="en">got inquired for</i> <a href= -"#a293.28">293(28)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">úso S. <i lang="en">fashion</i> <a href= -"#a287.7">287(7)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">útaŋ <i lang="en">debt</i> <a href= -"#a54.12">54(12)</a>. <a href="#a76.2">76(2)</a>. <i lang="en">See</i> -báyad.<br> -umútaŋ <i lang="en">borrow</i> <a href= -"#a230.19">230(19)</a>.<br> -magutàŋ <i lang="en">borrow variously</i> <a href= -"#a238.15">238(15)</a>.<br> -maguutàŋ <i lang="en">habitual borrower</i> <a href= -"#a243.3">243(3)</a>.<br> -naŋútaŋ <i lang="en">borrowed</i> <a href= -"#a241.4">241(4)</a>.<br> -máŋuŋutàŋ <i lang="en">habitual -borrower</i> <a href="#a243.20">243(20)</a>.<br> -inútaŋ <i lang="en">was borrowed</i> <a href= -"#a245.24">245(24)</a>.<br> -pinaŋútaŋ <i lang="en">was (reluctantly) borrowed</i> -<a href="#a247.4">247(4)</a>.<br> -utáŋan <i lang="en">be borrowed from</i> <a href= -"#a254.6">254(6)</a>.<br> -magpaútaŋ <i lang="en">cause to be borrowed</i>, <i lang= -"en">lend</i> <a href="#a304.8">304(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-utàs: nautàs <i lang="en">was -completed</i> <a href="#a303.18">303(18)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">útos <i lang="en">a command</i> <a href= -"#a56.27">56(27)</a>. <a href="#a122.5">122(5)</a>.<br> -nagútos <i lang="en">commanded</i> <a href= -"#a232.41">232(41)</a>.<br> -nagùútos <i lang="en">is commanding</i> <a href= -"#a114.7">114(7)</a>.<br> -iyútos <i lang="en">be commanded</i> <a href= -"#a62.37">62(37)</a>. <a href="#a64.13">64(13)</a>.<br> -iniyútos <i lang="en">was commanded</i> <a href= -"#a24.37">24(37)</a>. <a href="#a26.18">26(18)</a>. <a href= -"#a106.17">106(17)</a>.<br> -ipinagútos <i lang="en">was given as an order</i> <a href= -"#a182.19">182(19)</a>. <a href="#a249.40">249(40)</a>.<br> -inutúsan <i lang="en">was given an order</i> <a href= -"#a92.12">92(12)</a>.<br> -utusàn <i lang="en">servant</i>, <i lang="en">waiter</i>, -<i lang="en">orderly</i> <a href="#a254.34">254(34)</a>. <a href= -"#a260.34">260(34)</a>.<br> -kautusàn <i lang="en">decree</i>, <i lang="en">law</i> <a href= -"#a54.4">54(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">óo ó <i lang="en">yes</i> <a href= -"#a26.2">26(2)</a>. <a href="#a44.18">44(18)</a>.<br> -oóhan <i lang="en">be answered affirmatively</i> <a href= -"#a254.7">254(7)</a>.<br> -napaóo <i lang="en">assented</i> <a href= -"#a312.6">312(6)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">uwalàʾ, <i lang="en">see</i> -walàʾ.</p> -<p class="par">uwèʾ <i lang="en">a going home</i>; <i lang= -"en">that taken home</i> <a href="#a114.26">114(26)</a>. <a href= -"#a221.35">221(35)</a>.<br> -umuwèʾ <i lang="en">go home</i> <a href= -"#a34.12">34(12)</a>. <a href="#a76.43">76(43)</a>. <i lang="en">went -home</i> <a href="#a50.36">50(36)</a>. <a href= -"#a52.35">52(35)</a>.<br> -úuwèʾ <i lang="en">will go home</i> <a href= -"#a287.20">287(20)</a>.<br> -nagsísiuwèʾ <i lang="en">are <span class= -"pagenum">[<a id="pb412" href="#pb412" name= -"pb412">412</a>]</span>going home</i> <a href="#a72.35">72(35)</a>.<br> -paguwèʾ <i lang="en">a going home</i> <a href= -"#a70.23">70(23)</a>.<br> -naguwían <i lang="en">went home together</i> <a href= -"#a26.37">26(37)</a>.<br> -pauwèʾ <i lang="en">that caused to go home</i> <a href= -"#a298.23">298(23)</a>. <i lang="en">homeward</i> <a href= -"#a34.14">34(14)</a>.<br> -nagpauwèʾ <i lang="en">caused to be taken home</i>, -<i lang="en">sent home</i> <a href="#a304.9">304(9)</a>.<br> -ipinauwèʾ <i lang="en">was caused to be taken home</i>, -<i lang="en">was sent home</i> <a href="#a304.10">304(10)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e121149" class="main">W.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">walàʾ <i lang="en">without</i>, -<i lang="en">not having</i>; <i lang="en">there is not</i> <a href= -"#a16.10">16(10)</a>. <a href="#a20.21">20(21)</a>. <a href= -"#p69"><b>69</b></a>. <a href="#p99"><b>99</b></a>. <a href= -"#p110"><b>110</b></a>. <a href="#p239"><b>239</b></a>. <a href= -"#p248"><b>248</b></a>.<br> -walà ŋ hiyàʾ: -kawalà-ŋ-hiyaàn <i lang="en">shamelessness</i> -<a href="#a277.10">277(10)</a>.<br> -nápakawalà-ŋ-hiyàʾ <i lang="en">most -impudent</i> <a href="#a98.27">98(27)</a>.<br> -pagwawalàʾ <i lang="en">a breaking away</i> <a href= -"#a232.42">232(42)</a>.<br> -iwalàʾ <i lang="en">be got rid of</i> <a href= -"#a249.3">249(3)</a>.<br> -kawalàʾ <i lang="en">partaking of freedom</i> <a href= -"#a196.27">196(27)</a>.<br> -magkawalàʾ <i lang="en">get away</i> <a href= -"#a44.6">44(6)</a>.<br> -nagkawalàʾ <i lang="en">got away</i> <a href= -"#a44.10">44(10)</a>.<br> -nagkákawalàʾ <i lang="en">is getting away</i> -<a href="#a58.31">58(31)</a>.<br> -ikinawalàʾ <i lang="en">was the cause of being without</i> -<a href="#a292.6">292(6)</a>.<br> -ipagkawalàʾ <i lang="en">be the cause of getting away</i> -<a href="#a272.38">272(38)</a>.<br> -ipagkákawalàʾ <i lang="en">will be the cause of -getting away</i> <a href="#a272.41">272(41)</a>.<br> -ipinagkawalàʾ <i lang="en">was the cause of getting -away</i> <a href="#a273.1">273(1)</a>.<br> -ipinagkákawalàʾ <i lang="en">is the cause of getting -away</i> <a href="#a273.2">273(2)</a>.<br> -kawàwalàn <i lang="en">will be the place of losing</i> -<a href="#a206.17">206(17)</a>.<br> -kawalàn <i lang="en">lack</i>, <i lang="en">absence</i> <a href= -"#a46.16">46(16)</a>. <a href="#a118.1">118(1)</a>.<br> -makawalàʾ <i lang="en">be able to get away</i> <a href= -"#a44.40">44(40)</a>.<br> -makawáwalàʾ <i lang="en">will be able to get -away</i> <a href="#a294.1">294(1)</a>.<br> -nakawalàʾ <i lang="en">succeeded in getting away</i> -<a href="#a46.31">46(31)</a>. <a href="#a86.12">86(12)</a>.<br> -mawáwalàʾ <i lang="en">will disappear</i> <a href= -"#a46.2">46(2)</a>.<br> -nawalàʾ <i lang="en">disappeared</i> <a href= -"#a64.33">64(33)</a>. <a href="#a82.10">82(10)</a>.<br> -nawáwalàʾ <i lang="en">is disappearing</i> <a href= -"#a40.16">40(16)</a>. <a href="#a76.13">76(13)</a>.<br> -pagkawalàʾ <i lang="en">a disappearing</i> <a href= -"#a298.17">298(17)</a>.<br> -nawalàn <i lang="en">has been deprived of</i> <a href= -"#a70.8">70(8)</a>. <a href="#a82.30">82(30)</a>.<br> -pawalàn <i lang="en">be allowed to get away</i> <a href= -"#a44.12">44(12)</a>.<br> -pinawalàn <i lang="en">was allowed to get away</i> <a href= -"#a44.8">44(8)</a>.<br> -magpakawalàʾ <i lang="en">get oneself away</i> <a href= -"#a106.23">106(23)</a>.<br> -pinakawalàn <i lang="en">was allowed to get loose</i> <a href= -"#a66.28">66(28)</a>. <a href="#a310.26">310(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">walìs <i lang="en">broom</i> <a href= -"#a315.22">315(22)</a>.<br> -nagwáwalìs <i lang="en">is sweeping</i> <a href= -"#a233.2">233(2)</a>.<br> -wináwalìs niwáwalìs <i lang="en">is being -swept away</i> <a href="#a245.26">245(26)</a>.<br> -niwalisàn <i lang="en">was swept</i> <a href= -"#a94.7">94(7)</a>.<br> -niwàwalisàn <i lang="en">is being swept</i> <a href= -"#a254.8">254(8)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">walò <i lang="en">eight</i> <a href= -"#a52.43">52(43)</a>. <a href="#p67"><b>67</b></a>.<br> -paŋwalò <i lang="en">number eight</i> <a href= -"#a225.38">225(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">wapélo C. <i lang="en">exclamation of -distress</i> <a href="#a58.38">58(38)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">wíkaʾ <i lang="en">language</i>, <i lang= -"en">word</i>, <i lang="en">words</i> <a href="#a20.5">20(5)</a>. -<a href="#a28.3">28(3)</a>. <a href="#a74.39">74(39)</a>.<br> -nagwíkaʾ <i lang="en">spoke</i> <a href= -"#a20.20">20(20)</a>.<br> -winíkaʾ <i lang="en">was spoken</i> <a href= -"#a18.42">18(42)</a>.<br> -kawikaàn <i lang="en">proverb</i> <a href= -"#a276.15">276(15)</a>.<br> -pagkawíkaʾ <i lang="en">a having spoken</i> <a href= -"#a20.40">20(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-wíli: nàwíli <i lang="en">got -spellbound</i> <a href="#a88.2">88(2)</a>.<br> -pagkàwíli <i lang="en">a getting spellbound</i> <a href= -"#a295.26">295(26)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-wisìk: iniwisìk <i lang="en">was -sprinkled</i> <a href="#a96.27">96(27)</a>.<br> -niwisikàn <i lang="en">was sprinkled on</i> <a href= -"#a64.30">64(30)</a>.<br> -nàwisikàn <i lang="en">got sprinkled on</i> <a href= -"#a76.38">76(38)</a>.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div lang="tl" class="div2 letter"><span class="pagenum">[<a href= -"#toc">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h3 id="xd21e121609" class="main">Y.</h3> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">-yábaŋ: kayabáŋan <i lang= -"en">pride</i> <a href="#a272.2">272(2)</a> <i lang= -"en">Corrigenda</i>.<br> -mayábaŋ <i lang="en">proud</i> <a href= -"#a60.15">60(15)</a>.<br> -nagmayabàŋ <i lang="en">boasted</i> <a href= -"#a238.21">238(21)</a>.<br> -ipinagmayabàŋ <i lang="en">was boasted of</i> <a href= -"#a60.17">60(17)</a>.<br> -nagpakamayabàŋ <i lang="en">boasted of himself</i> <a href= -"#a309.29">309(29)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-yáboŋ: mayáboŋ <i lang= -"en">grassy</i> <a href="#a18.33">18(33)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">yáman <i lang="en">wealth</i> <a href= -"#a72.22">72(22)</a>. <a href="#a80.25">80(25)</a>.<br> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb413" href="#pb413" name= -"pb413">413</a>]</span>yumáman <i lang="en">get rich</i> -<a href="#a60.25">60(25)</a>. <i lang="en">got rich</i> <a href= -"#a74.9">74(9)</a>.<br> -pagyáman <i lang="en">a getting rich</i> <a href= -"#a120.27">120(27)</a>.<br> -kayamánan <i lang="en">wealth</i> <a href= -"#a308.16">308(16)</a>.<br> -mayáman <i lang="en">wealthy</i> <a href= -"#a72.19">72(19)</a>.<br> -payamánin <i lang="en">be caused to get rich</i> <a href= -"#a50.34">50(34)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">yámaŋ <i lang="en">while</i> <a href= -"#a16.12">16(12)</a>. <a href="#a18.33">18(33)</a>. <a href= -"#p309"><b>309</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">yàn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyàn.</p> -<p class="par">yantòk <i lang="en">rattan</i> <a href= -"#a46.40">46(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Yap C. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a234.25">234(25)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">-yári: maŋyári <i lang= -"en">happen</i> <a href="#a54.29">54(29)</a>. <a href= -"#a66.22">66(22)</a>.<br> -maŋyàyári <i lang="en">will happen</i> <a href= -"#a18.11">18(11)</a>. <a href="#a52.20">52(20)</a>.<br> -naŋyári <i lang="en">happened</i> <a href= -"#a24.27">24(27)</a>. <a href="#a46.19">46(19)</a>.<br> -naŋyàyári <i lang="en">happens</i> <a href= -"#a40.30">40(30)</a>. <a href="#a44.20">44(20)</a>.<br> -kapaŋyaríhan <i lang="en">power</i> <a href= -"#a36.10">36(10)</a>. <a href="#a40.4">40(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">yáriʾ <i lang="en">that made</i>; <i lang= -"en">the make</i> <a href="#a74.4">74(4)</a>. <a href= -"#a220.10">220(10)</a>. <a href="#a221.37">221(37)</a>.<br> -mayáriʾ <i lang="en">have been made</i> <a href= -"#a104.11">104(11)</a>.<br> -nayàyáriʾ <i lang="en">is made</i> <a href= -"#a34.36">34(36)</a>. <a href="#a46.40">46(40)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">yaòn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyòn.</p> -<p class="par">-yáyaʾ: yumáyaʾ <i lang= -"en">invited</i> <a href="#a230.21">230(21)</a>.<br> -pagyáyaʾ <i lang="en">an inviting</i> <a href= -"#a230.22">230(22)</a>.<br> -nagyayàʾ <i lang="en">urged</i> <a href= -"#a28.11">28(11)</a>. <a href="#a34.12">34(12)</a>.<br> -niyáyaʾ <i lang="en">was invited</i>, <i lang= -"en">summoned</i> <a href="#a32.13">32(13)</a>. <a href= -"#a36.42">36(42)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Yèŋ C. <i lang="en">n.</i> <a href= -"#a263.4">263(4)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">yéro S. <i lang="en">iron</i> <a href= -"#a92.35">92(35)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">yitò ytò, <i lang="en">see</i> -itò.—yò, <i lang="en">see</i> iyò.</p> -<p class="par">-yukayòk: nagsísipagyukayòk -<i lang="en">are nodding</i> <a href="#a108.30">108(30)</a>.</p> -<p class="par">yòn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyòn.</p> -<p class="par">Yurúpa, <i lang="en">see</i> Eyurúpa.</p> -<p class="par">yútaʾ <i lang="en">billion</i> <a href= -"#p134"><b>134</b></a>.</p> -<p class="par">yoòn, <i lang="en">see</i> iyòn. -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb414" href="#pb414" name= -"pb414">414</a>]</span></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="footnotes"> -<hr class="fnsep"> -<p class="par footnote"><span class="label"><a class="noteref" id= -"xd21e65968" href="#xd21e65968src" name="xd21e65968">1</a></span> Where -S. words are, as genuine loan-words, more or less fully Tagalized, the -S. is enclosed in brackets. In cases where Mr. Santiago is not -conscious of this origin, it would have been more consistent to omit -the indication, but it would be very difficult to single these -out. <a class="fnarrow" href="#xd21e65968src">↑</a></p> -</div> -</div> -</div> -<div class="back"> -<div id="corrigenda" class="div1 errata"><span class= -"pagenum">[<a href="#xd21e1011">Contents</a>]</span> -<div class="divHead"> -<h2 class="main">CORRIGENDA.</h2> -</div> -<div class="divBody"> -<p class="par first">The following errors are due entirely to -oversights on my part; they would have been far more numerous, but for -the accuracy and intelligence of the typesetter, Mr. Staley, and the -unfailing kindness of the editor, Professor W. A. Oldfather.—L. -B.</p> -<p class="par transcribernote">The indicated errors have been corrected -in the text of this edition, except for the one referring to <a href= -"#a212.25">212(25)</a>, as the instruction is not clear enough, and -322(42), as the location could not be found.</p> -<p class="par"><span class="sc">VOLUME I.</span></p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellTop">PAGE</td> -<td class="cellTop">LINE</td> -<td class="cellTop">FOR</td> -<td class="cellRight cellTop">READ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">20</td> -<td>16</td> -<td lang="tl">mákinig</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">makinìg</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">22</td> -<td>2</td> -<td lang="tl">nabuksan</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">nábuksan</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">24</td> -<td>31</td> -<td lang="tl">n</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">ŋ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">32</td> -<td>1</td> -<td lang="tl">namámatay</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">mamámatay</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">38</td> -<td>11</td> -<td lang="tl">galían</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">galiàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">40</td> -<td>39</td> -<td lang="tl">pagbibíroʾ</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">paŋbibíroʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">42</td> -<td>6</td> -<td lang="tl">katimbàʾ</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">katimbàŋ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">42</td> -<td>39</td> -<td lang="tl">tiniŋnan</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">tinaŋnan</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">44</td> -<td>2</td> -<td lang="tl">sumagòt</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">sumásagòt</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">44</td> -<td>40</td> -<td lang="tl">nagsisigáw</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">nagsisigàw</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">46</td> -<td>24</td> -<td lang="tl">ŋà</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">ŋá</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">48</td> -<td>20</td> -<td lang="tl">pagbabalìk</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">pagpapabalìk</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">60</td> -<td>38</td> -<td lang="tl">nagbibigay</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">nagbíbigay</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">62</td> -<td>5</td> -<td lang="tl">syà</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">nyà</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">68</td> -<td>13</td> -<td lang="tl">siniglan</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">siniglàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">72</td> -<td>12</td> -<td lang="tl">hyà</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">hyàʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">74</td> -<td>40</td> -<td lang="tl">a</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">o</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">84</td> -<td>21</td> -<td lang="tl">pinagdagukàn</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">pinagdadagukàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">92</td> -<td>6</td> -<td lang="tl">mámatày</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">mamámatày</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">94</td> -<td>29</td> -<td lang="tl">inapúyan</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">inapuyàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">96</td> -<td>29</td> -<td lang="tl">maínit</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">maiínit</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">98</td> -<td>2</td> -<td lang="tl">magbíbinyàg</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">nagbíbinyàg</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">98</td> -<td>39</td> -<td lang="tl">Masakìp</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">Masikìp</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">99</td> -<td>25</td> -<td lang="tl">giving</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">given</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">100</td> -<td>15</td> -<td lang="tl">ipabíbilanŋgòʾ</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight"> -ipabíbilaŋgòʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">108</td> -<td>42</td> -<td lang="tl">pirásu ŋ lamàn</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight">pirásu-ŋ-lamàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">114</td> -<td class="cellBottom">10</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellBottom">pagtadtàd</td> -<td lang="tl" class="cellRight cellBottom">pagtatadtàd</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"><span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb415" href="#pb415" name= -"pb415">415</a>]</span></p> -<p class="par"><span class="sc">Volume II.</span></p> -<div class="table"> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellTop">PAGE</td> -<td class="cellTop">LINE</td> -<td class="cellRight cellTop"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">190</td> -<td>2</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: <span lang="tl">si nasíra -ŋ Mariyà</span> <i>the deceased Maria</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">210</td> -<td>30</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add example</i>: <span lang= -"tl">pilìk-matà</span> <i>eyelash</i> (<span lang= -"tl">pilìk</span> <i>fin</i>, <i>lash</i>), <i>and at</i> -<a href="#a211.13">211(13)</a> <i>omit</i> <span lang= -"tl">pilìk</span>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">212</td> -<td>25</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Omit</i>: <span lang="tl">bagáso</span> -<i>etc.</i>; <i>the word may be S.</i> <span lang="es">bagazo</span> -<i>sediment</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">212</td> -<td>37</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: <span lang="tl">hantày -hintày.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">215</td> -<td>41</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Omit</i>: <span lang= -"tl">lákad.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">223</td> -<td>17</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>The example of</i> <span lang= -"tl">lakàd</span> <i>should be transferred to</i> <a href= -"#a222.38">222(38)</a>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><span class="corr" id="xd21e122366" title= -"Source: 224">223</span></td> -<td>25</td> -<td class="cellRight"><span lang="tl">Binyàk</span> <i>etc.</i>; -<i>transfer to</i> <a href="#a244.7">244(7)</a>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">244</td> -<td>2</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: (<span lang="tl">aŋ -áyap</span> <i>condiment</i>).</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">244</td> -<td>4</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add example</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -gúlok na yàn ay bàbawíin ko sa iyò, -kapag ipinamútol mo naŋ kawáyan.</span> <i>I shall -take back this bolo from you, if you use it for cutting -bamboo.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">244</td> -<td>7</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>See on</i> <a href="#a223.25"><span class= -"corr" id="xd21e122424" title="Source: 224">223</span>(25)</a>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">245</td> -<td>39</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: <span lang= -"tl">sagòt</span>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">249</td> -<td>8</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: <span lang= -"tl">lalàʾ</span>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">259</td> -<td>35</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add example</i>: <span lang="tl">aŋ -tìpúnan</span> <i>a meeting</i>; <i>and omit</i> -<span lang="tl">típon</span> <i>in next line</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">261</td> -<td>10</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add example</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ -asuhàn naŋ báhay ni Pédro ay -nasúnog.</span> <i>The chimney in Pedro’s house burned -out</i>; <i>and omit</i> <span lang="tl">asò</span> <i>from -line</i> 16.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">261</td> -<td><span class="corr" id="xd21e122505" title= -"Source: 25">24</span></td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add example</i>: <span lang= -"tl">luluràn</span> <i>shin</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">267</td> -<td>18</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: So <span lang="tl">gísiŋ, -káin.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft"><span class="corr" id="xd21e122532" title= -"Source: 272">277</span></td> -<td>2</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add example</i>: <span lang= -"tl">kayabáŋan</span> <i>pride</i>; <i>and omit</i> -<span lang="tl">yábaŋ</span>, <i>line</i> 8.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">277</td> -<td>7</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: <span lang= -"tl">salúkoy</span>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">286</td> -<td>30</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add example</i>: <span lang= -"tl">Pagkaabòt naŋ bátà naŋ kanyà -ŋ laruwàn ay tumakbò sya ŋ agàd.</span> -<i>After reaching for his toys, the boy at once ran.</i> <i>Omit the -words</i>: <i>see</i> <span lang="tl">ábot.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">294</td> -<td>33</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Omit</i>: <span lang= -"tl">ibadyà.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">295</td> -<td>30</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add example</i>: <span lang="tl">Sya y -nárapàʾ.</span> <i>He fell on his face.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">296</td> -<td>19</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Omit</i>: <span lang="tl">ábot,</span> -<i>and add example</i>: <span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkáabot -nyà sa bóte ay hindi magálaŋ.</span> <i>The -way he reached for the bottle was not polite.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">297</td> -<td>29</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: <span lang="tl">badiyà.</span> -<span class="pagenum">[<a id="pb416" href="#pb416" name= -"pb416">416</a>]</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">299</td> -<td>27</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>For</i> <span lang="tl">pahágis</span> -<i>read</i> <span lang="tl">pahagìs</span>, <i>and transfer the -example to</i> <a href="#a300.14">300(14)</a>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">300</td> -<td>14</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>See preceding.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">313</td> -<td>3</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: With <span lang= -"tl">makà-</span> D (§ <a href="#p473">473</a>) from -<span lang="tl">-paríto</span>: <span lang="tl">Hwag kà -ŋ makàparí-paríto.</span> <i>Don’t you -ever come round here!</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft">315</td> -<td>31</td> -<td class="cellRight"><i>Add</i>: With accent-shift: <span lang= -"tl">taginìt</span> <i>the hot season</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="cellLeft cellBottom">322</td> -<td class="cellBottom">42</td> -<td class="cellRight cellBottom"><i>Add reference</i>: <a href= -"#a28.7">28(7)</a>.</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<p class="par"></p> -</div> -</div> -<div class="div1"> -<h2 class="main">Table of Contents</h2> -<table> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7"><a href="#toc"><span class= -"sc">Table of Contents</span></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#toc">7</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7"><a href="#preface">PREFACE</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#preface">9</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7"><a href="#biblio">LIST OF BOOKS AND -ARTICLES CONSULTED</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#biblio">13</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum">I.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7"><a href="#ch1">TEXTS IN PHONETIC -TRANSCRIPTION</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch1">16</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s1">Aŋ ulòl -na uŋgòʾ at aŋ marúnoŋ na -pagòŋ.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s1">16</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s2">Aŋ -pagtatakbúhan naŋ usà at naŋ -susòʾ.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s2">18</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s3">Isà ŋ -Biyàrnes-Sànto.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s3">20</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">4.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s4">Aŋ -kúbaʾ at aŋ bulàg.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s4">22</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">5.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s5">Aŋ hári -ŋ may súŋay at si Hwàn.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s5">24</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">6.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s6">Tatlò ŋ -estudyànte.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s6">26</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">7.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s7">Isa ŋ -sundálu ŋ marúnuŋ naŋ -Latìn.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s7">28</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">8.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s8">Aŋ pitù -ŋ dwènde.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s8">30</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">9.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s9">Isà ŋ -pulìs na nagaswàŋ-aswáŋan.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s9">34</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">10.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s10">Isà ŋ -aswàŋ na nápatày.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s10">38</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">11.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s11">Aŋ -maŋkukúlam.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s11">40</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">12.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s12">Aŋ laro ŋ -sípaʾ sa Filipínas.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s12">46</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">13.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s13">Aŋ kúra -ŋ si Patúpat.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s13">50</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">14.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s14">Si Maryáno at -aŋ pári ŋ si Patúpat.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s14">54</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">15.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s15">Aŋ -Intsìk na màŋaŋátam.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s15">56</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">16.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s16">Isa ŋ -táo ŋ may birtùd naŋ usà.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s16">60</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">17.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s17">Aŋ alíla -ŋ uŋgòʾ.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s17">62</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">18.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s18">Aŋ -matandá sa punsò sa liwánag naŋ -áraw.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s18">66</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">19.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s19">Aŋ -tiyának ni Hwàn.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s19">68</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">20.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s20">Si Hwà ŋ -maŋlilígaw.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s20">70</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">21.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s21">Si Mariyà -ŋ marámot.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s21">72</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">22.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s22">Tatlò ŋ -káluluwa ŋ tumáwag kay Sam-Pédro.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s22">78</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">23.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s23">Si Hwà ŋ -baŋkéro.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s23">80</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">24.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s24">Aŋ -kabàítan sa maŋa háyop.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s24">82</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">25.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s25">Si Hwà ŋ -maŋdudúkit.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s25">86</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">26.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s26">Si -Markíta.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s26">92</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">27.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s27">Aŋ -maŋmàŋ na páreʾ.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s27">94</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">28.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s28">Aŋ -pàkumpisálan.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s28">96</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">29.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s29">Si Hwà ŋ -bíbas.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s29">98</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">30.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s30">Tatlò ŋ -magkakaybíga ŋ magnanákaw.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s30">100</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">31.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s31">Aŋ -paŋhuhúli naŋ maŋa -uŋgòʾ.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s31">106</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">32.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s32">Aŋ -fiyèsta ni Saŋ-Hwàn.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s32">110</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">33.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s33">Aŋ maŋa -paŋiŋílin naŋ maŋa kamagának naŋ -isa ŋ namatày.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s33">112</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">34.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#s34">Aŋ -takbúhan sa Amerikáno.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#s34">116</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum">II.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7"><a href="#gramana">GRAMMATICAL -ANALYSIS.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#gramana">133</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">A.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href= -"#ch2.a">PHONETICS.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.a">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href="#ch2.a.1">Distinctive -sounds.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.a.1">134</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href= -"#ch2.a.2">Syllabication.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.a.2">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">a.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#xd21e10244"><i>In the -word.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e10244">138</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">b.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#xd21e10837"><i>In -word-formation.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e10837">139</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">c.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#xd21e11144"><i>In the -phrase.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e11144">140</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href= -"#ch2.a.3">Accentuation.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.a.3">141</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">a.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href= -"#xd21e11518"><i>Word-accent.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e11518">141</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">b.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href= -"#xd21e11968"><i>Sentence-accent.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e11968">143</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">B.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#ch2.b">SYNTAX.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.b">146</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href="#ch2.b.1">Sentence and -word.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.b.1">146</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">a.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.1.a"><i>Syntactic -relations.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.1.a">146</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">b.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.1.b"><i>Parts of -speech.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.1.b">146</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">c.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.1.c"><i>Static and -transient words.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.1.c">147</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">d.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.1.d"><i>Personal -names.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.1.d">147</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">e.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.1.e"><i>The object -construction.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.1.e">148</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">f.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.1.f"><i>Expressions -of indefinite quantity.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.1.f">150</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href="#ch2.b.2">Subject and -predicate.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.b.2">151</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">a.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href= -"#ch2.b.2.a"><i>Non-predicative sentences.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.2.a">151</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">b.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.2.b"><i>The -subject.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.2.b">153</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">c.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.2.c"><i>The -predicate.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.2.c">153</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e15290"><i>Transient -predicate</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e15290">153</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e15668"><i>Static -predicate</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e15668">155</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e16275"><i>Object -expression as predicate.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e16275">157</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">d.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.2.d"><i>Subordinate -predications.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.2.d">159</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">e.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.2.e"><i>Omission of -predicate.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.2.e">160</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href= -"#ch2.b.3">Attributes.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.b.3">160</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">a.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.3.a"><i>Conjunctive -attributes.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.3.a">162</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href= -"#xd21e17789"><i>Conjunctive attributes of quality</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e17789">162</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href= -"#xd21e18954"><i>Conjunctive attributes of manner</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e18954">165</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href= -"#xd21e19426"><i>Conjunctive attributes as complements</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e19426">167</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">b.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.3.b"><i>Disjunctive -attributes.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.3.b">170</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">c.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.3.c"><i>Local -attributes.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.3.c">177</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">d.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.b.3.d"><i>Absolute -attributes.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.b.3.d">180</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e23599"><i>enclitic -particles</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e23599">181</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href= -"#xd21e24933"><i>prepositive particles</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e24933">185</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e26625"><i>words used -as absolute attributes of manner and time</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e26625">190</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">4.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e28106"><i>absolute -complements</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e28106">194</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">5.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e28865"><i>words used -with disjunctive and local attributes</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e28865">197</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">6.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e29792"><i>words -introducing subordinate phrases or predications</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e29792">200</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">4.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href="#ch2.b.4">Serial -groups.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.b.4">205</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href= -"#xd21e31345"><i>coordinating particles</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e31345">205</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#xd21e32068"><i>paratactic -sentences</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e32068">207</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href= -"#xd21e32196"><i>parenthesis</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e32196">208</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">4.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href= -"#xd21e32374"><i>anacolouthon</i>.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e32374">208</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">C.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href= -"#ch2.c">MORPHOLOGY.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.c">210</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href= -"#ch2.c.1">Composition.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.c.1">210</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href="#ch2.c.2">General features -of word-formation.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.c.2">211</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="2"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="5"><a href="#ch2.c.3">Description of -formations.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#ch2.c.3">218</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">I.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1"><i>Primary -groups</i> (zero, pag-, paŋ-).</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1">218</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">A.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.a">Simple -static forms.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a">218</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.1">Root-words.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.1">218</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.2">Doubling.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.2">223</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.3">Reduplication.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.3">224</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">4.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.4">paŋ-.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.a.4">224</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">B.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b">Transients, -abstracts, and special static words.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b">226</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.1">Active -with -um- and abstract with pag-.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.1">226</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.2">Active -with mag- and abstract with pag-r.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.2">231</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.3">Active -with maŋ- and abstract with paŋ- r.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.3">239</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">4.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.4">Special -static words.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.4">241</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">5.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.5">Direct -passive.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.5">243</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">6.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.6">Special -static words.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.6">247</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">7.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.7">Instrumental passive.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.7">247</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">8.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.8">Special -static words.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.8">250</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">9.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.9">Local -passive.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.9">250</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">10.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.1.b.10">Special -static words.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.1.b.10">257</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">II.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2"><i>Secondary -groups.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2">262</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.1">Prefix -si-.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.1">262</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.2">The prefix -paki-.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.2">263</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.3">The prefix -ka-.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.3">265</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.3.1">Simple -static forms.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.3.1">265</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.3.2">Normal -transients, abstracts, and special static forms.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.3.2">268</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.3.3">Additional -transients, abstracts, and special static forms.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.3.3">280</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">4.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.4">The prefix -pa-.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.4">298</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.4.1">Simple -static forms.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.4.1">299</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.4.2">Normal -transients, abstracts, and special static words.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.4.2">301</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="5"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="2"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.4.3">Transients -and abstracts with pa- and ka-.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.4.3">309</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">5.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#ch2.c.3.2.5">The prefix -pati-.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.2.5">313</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="3"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">III.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="4"><a href="#ch2.c.3.3"><i>Irregular -Derivatives.</i></a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#ch2.c.3.3">314</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">1.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e63514">Transients -and abstracts of the particles sa and -giŋ.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e63514">314</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">2.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e63652">Odd -affixes.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e63652">314</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td colspan="4"></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">3.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="3"><a href="#xd21e64335">Pronoun -forms.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e64335">316</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum">III.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7"><a href="#formations">LIST OF -FORMATIONS.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#formations">325</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">A.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#xd21e64501">Forms without -prefix.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e64501">325</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td class="tocDivNum">B.</td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="6"><a href="#xd21e64648">Forms with -prefix.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e64648">325</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7"><a href="#index">INDEX OF -WORDS.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href="#index">328</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tocDivNum"></td> -<td class="tocDivTitle" colspan="7"><a href= -"#corrigenda">CORRIGENDA.</a></td> -<td class="tocPageNum"><a class="pageref" href= -"#corrigenda">414</a></td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -<div class="transcribernote"> -<h2 class="main">Colophon</h2> -<h3 class="main">Availability</h3> -<p class="par first">This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no -cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give -it away or re-use it under the terms of the <a class="exlink xd21e48" -title="External link" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license" rel= -"license">Project Gutenberg License</a> included with this eBook or -online at <a class="exlink xd21e48" title="External link" href= -"http://www.gutenberg.org/" rel="home">www.gutenberg.org</a>.</p> -<p class="par">This eBook is produced by the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at <a class="exlink xd21e48" title="External link" -href="http://www.pgdp.net/">www.pgdp.net</a>.</p> -<p class="par">Scans for this book are available from the Internet -Archive (copy <a class="seclink xd21e48" title="External link" href= -"https://archive.org/details/tagalogtextswit00santgoog">1</a>); and -from Google Books (copy <a id="xd21e64" class="exlink xd21e48" title= -"External link" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0J4TAAAAYAAJ" -name="xd21e64">1</a>).</p> -<p>Related Library of Congress catalog page: <a class="catlink" href= -"http://lccn.loc.gov/18027096">18027096</a>.</p> -<p>Related Open Library catalog page (for source): <a class="catlink" -href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL6613171M">OL6613171M</a>.</p> -<p>Related Open Library catalog page (for work): <a class="catlink" -href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1106944W">OL1106944W</a>.</p> -<p>Related WorldCat catalog page: <a class="catlink" href= -"https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2802976">2802976</a>.</p> -<h3 class="main">Encoding</h3> -<p class="par first">This book uses Tagalog in phonetic transcription, -which does not match current orthography. Accent usage is kept as in -the original, even where it may appear inconsistent, as are -inconsistencies in the use of the letters <i>i</i> and <i>e</i>, as -well as <i>o</i> and <i>u</i>. These may very well indicate differences -in pronunciation as spoken or perceived by the author. As in the -source, the particle <i>ŋ</i> is written separately, omitting a -final <i>ʾ</i> or <i>n</i> from the previous word.</p> -<p class="par">The line-breaks in this digital edition have been -replaced by anchors, which are used to link cross-reference to; but no -attempt has been made to preserve the original line-breaks -otherwise.</p> -<p class="par">Obvious typographical errors have been fixed and -documented in the colophon; the blunder <i>caribou</i> (reindeer) has -been replaced by <i>carabao</i> (Philippine water buffalo) throughout -the text; end-of-line hyphenation has been silently removed.</p> -<p class="par">The errors indicated in the <a href= -"#corrigenda">Corrigenda</a> have been fixed in the text.</p> -<p class="par">The Tagalog texts and English translations, originally -on facing pages, have been aligned side-by-side on the paragraph -level.</p> -<p class="par">The three parts of the original work have been -consolidated into a single book with a single table of contents. The -title-pages for each part have been omitted.</p> -<h3 class="main">Revision History</h3> -<ul> -<li>2015-10-28 Started.</li> -</ul> -<h3 class="main">External References</h3> -<p>This Project Gutenberg eBook contains external references. These -links may not work for you.</p> -<h3 class="main">Corrections</h3> -<p>The following corrections have been applied to the text:</p> -<table class="correctiontable" summary= -"Overview of corrections applied to the text."> -<tr> -<th>Page</th> -<th>Source</th> -<th>Correction</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1116">13</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Nederlandsch-Indie</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Nederlandsch-Indië</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1137">13</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Metodo</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Método</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1159">14</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Sanscrito</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Sánscrito</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1187">14</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e20437">170</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e50676">267</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e52033">272</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e66649">329</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e67613">331</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e79152">348</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e104330">386</a>, <a class="pageref" -href="#xd21e109008">393</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1455">20</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">mákinig</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">makinìg</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1536">22</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nabuksan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nábuksan</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1734">24</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e13078">147</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">n</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ŋ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e1737">24</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ito</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">itò</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2101">32</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">namámatay</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">mamámatay</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2460">38</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">kaugalían</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">kaugaliàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2557">40</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">makipagkaybígan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">makipagkayibígan</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2645">40</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pagbibíroʾ</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">paŋbibíroʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2673">42</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">katimbàʾ</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">katimbàŋ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2730">42</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">kápit—báhay</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">kápit-báhay</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2768">42</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">tiniŋnan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">tinaŋnan</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2787">44</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">sumagòt</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">sumásagòt</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2896">44</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nagsisigáw</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nagsisigàw</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e2969">46</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ŋà</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ŋá</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3074">48</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pagbabalìk</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pagpapabalìk</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3810">60</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nagbibigay</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nagbíbigay</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e3833">62</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">syà</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nyà</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e4203">68</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">siniglan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">siniglàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e4426">72</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">hyà</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">hyàʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e4616">74</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">a</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">o</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5148">84</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pinagdagukàn</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pinagdadagukàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5567">92</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">mámatày</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">mamámatày</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5736">94</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">inapúyan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">inapuyàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5850">96</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">maínit</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">maiínit</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5894">98</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">magbíbinyàg</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nagbíbinyàg</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e5998">98</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Masakìp</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Masikìp</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e6047">100</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ipabíbilanŋgòʾ</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ipabíbilaŋgòʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e6574">108</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pirásu ŋ lamàn</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pirásu-ŋ-lamàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e6828">114</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pagtadtàd</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pagtatadtàd</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e7335">17</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">”</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e7860">59</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">humilating</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">humiliating</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e7953">65</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">dilligent</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">diligent</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e7982">67</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8035">71</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8040">71</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e8043">71</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8048">71</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8051">71</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e8056">73</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8059">73</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8159">81</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e8352">101</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8355">101</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8491">119</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e8494">119</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e36525">223</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e38928">230</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e46260">253</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e47082">255</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e50981">269</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e54771">282</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e60681">303</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e61475">306</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e62685">311</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e62698">311</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e62714">311</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e62837">311</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e63192">312</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e83604">355</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e89061">363</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e89075">363</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">caribou</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">carabao</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8339">99</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">giving</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">given</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e8517">133</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span class="divNum">II.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e9237">135</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e12410">144</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e12413">144</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e12526">144</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e14387">151</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e18069">163</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e30736">203</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e10578">139</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">celebation</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">celebration</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e12281">143</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nawà,ʾ</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nawàʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e12750">146</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e109457">394</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">)</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e14501">151</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">s</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">:</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e14868">152</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e17921">163</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e86710">359</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e118044">407</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e15706">155</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e16132">156</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e38864">230</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e40410">235</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e40593">235</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e44102">246</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e49361">263</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e49417">263</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e68009">331</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e69031">333</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e77085">345</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e77126">345</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e84243">356</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e84862">357</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e85363">358</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e86405">359</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e87260">360</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e88384">362</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e89685">364</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e91870">367</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e92024">367</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e93317">369</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e93336">369</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e93375">369</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e93394">369</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e93408">369</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e102528">383</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e108357">392</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e108366">392</a>, <a class="pageref" -href="#xd21e111320">397</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e111722">397</a>, <a class="pageref" href="#xd21e115357">403</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e119453">409</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e16518">157</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">appy</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">apply</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e19870">168</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">An</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Aŋ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e21089">172</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e21318">173</a>, <a class="pageref" href= -"#xd21e47850">258</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">an</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">aŋ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e21877">174</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">libro</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">librò</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e22307">176</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">a</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e26617">190</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">, <span lang="tl">si nasíra ŋ -Mariyà</span> <i>the deceased Maria</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e27269">192</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nakáraan</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">nakáraàn</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e29361">198</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">especiall</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">especially</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e32190">208</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">:</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">;</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e32786">210</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang= -"tl">pilìk-matà</span> <i>eyelash</i> (<span lang= -"tl">pilìk</span> <i>fin</i>, <i>lash</i>);</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e32938">211</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">pilìk,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e33386">212</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">; hantày, hintày</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e34259">215</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">reduplcated</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">reduplicated</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e34267">215</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e37013">224</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">(</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e34376">215</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">lákad,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e34578">216</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">forma-mations</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">formations</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e34783">217</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">aspect aspect</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">aspect</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e35591">220</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">relieves</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">relieved</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e35702">220</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">;</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e36416">222</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">Lakàd kamì -ŋ umwèʾ.</span> <i>We went home on foot.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e36584">223</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Lakàd kamì ŋ -umwèʾ. We went home on foot.</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e36634">223</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Binyàk ni Hwàn aŋ -kawáyan. Juan has split the bamboo.</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e37976">227</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e46609">254</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">you</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">your</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e41325">237</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">thigns</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">things</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e41840">239</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e49359">263</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">canoing</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">canoeing</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e42161">240</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Rounabout</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Roundabout</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e42881">242</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><i>thief</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e43308">244</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">(<span lang="tl">aŋ áyap</span> -<i>condiment</i>).</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e43332">244</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">Aŋ gúlok na -yàn ay bàbawíin ko sa iyò, kapag -ipinamútol mo naŋ kawáyan.</span> <i>I shall take -back this bolo from you, if you use it for cutting bamboo.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e43363">244</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">Binyàk ni Hwàn -aŋ kawáyan.</span> <i>Juan has split the bamboo.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e43499">244</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">felt</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">fell</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e43929">245</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">sagòt,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e45019">249</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">lalàʾ,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e46137">252</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">isda</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">isdàʾ</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e48171">259</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">aŋ -tìpúnan</span> <i>a meeting</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e48185">259</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">típon,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e48602">261</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">Aŋ asuhàn -naŋ báhay ni Pédro ay nasúnog.</span> <i>The -chimney in Pedro’s house burned out</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e48672">261</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">asò,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e48714">261</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">luluràn</span> -<i>shin</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e50022">265</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">occurence</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">occurrence</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e50512">267</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">So <span lang="tl">gísiŋ, -káin.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e51633">271</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">lìbro</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">librò</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e52036">272</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">make</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">will make</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e53270">277</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">kayabáŋan</span> -<i>pride</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e53300">277</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">salúkoy,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e53306">277</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">yábaŋ,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e56015">286</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">see ábot.</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">Pagkaabòt naŋ -bátà naŋ kanyà ŋ laruwàn ay -tumakbò sya ŋ agàd.</span> <i>After reaching for his -toys, the boy at once ran.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e57198">290</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">dont</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">don’t</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e57877">293</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e58159">294</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ibadiyà,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e58181">294</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">thee</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">the</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e58369">295</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">Sya y -nárapàʾ.</span> <i>He fell on his face.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e58562">296</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">Aŋ pagkáabot -nyà sa bóte ay hindi magálaŋ.</span> <i>The -way he reached for the bottle was not polite.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e58571">296</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">ábot,</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e58909">297</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">badiyà,</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e59457">299</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Pahágis nya ŋ iniyabòt sa -ákin aŋ aklàt. He handed me the book by tossing -it.</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e59656">300</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span lang="tl">Pahagìs nya ŋ -iniyabòt sa ákin aŋ aklàt.</span> <i>He -handed me the book by tossing it.</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e61425">306</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">grapefruit</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">grape-fruit</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e63247">313</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">(d) With <span lang="tl">makà-</span> -D (§ <a href="#p473">473</a>) from <span lang= -"tl">-paríto</span>: <span lang="tl">Hwag kà ŋ -makàparí-paríto.</span> <i>Don’t you ever -come round here!</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e64094">315</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">With accent-shift: <span lang= -"tl">taginìt</span> <i>the hot season</i>.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e64476">325</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><span class="divNum">III.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e73073">339</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">72</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">74</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e77332">345</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Not in source</i>]</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">)</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e81843">352</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">gven</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">given</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e82245">353</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">for for</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">for</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e85101">357</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e93721">370</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">(</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">[<i>Deleted</i>]</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e88623">362</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">41</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">21</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e89070">363</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">grass-caribou</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">grass-carabao</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e93899">370</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">-</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">:</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e94151">370</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">6</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">b</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e97477">375</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">97</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">92</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e102895">384</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">108 42</td> -<td class="width40 bottom"><a href="#a108.42">108(42)</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e107851">392</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">361(1)</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">36(40)</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e112684">399</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">onsself</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">oneself</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e113043">399</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">41</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">40</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e114033">401</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Acent</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">Accent</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e122366">415</a>, -<a class="pageref" href="#xd21e122424">415</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">224</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">223</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e122505">415</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">25</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">24</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="width20"><a class="pageref" href="#xd21e122532">415</a></td> -<td class="width40 bottom">272</td> -<td class="width40 bottom">277</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> -</div> - 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