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diff --git a/old/50825-8.txt b/old/50825-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index b0490ae..0000000 --- a/old/50825-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3370 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919, by -Newark Public Library - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919 - The Story in Outline - -Author: Newark Public Library - -Release Date: January 2, 2016 [EBook #50825] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS, 1904-1919 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Tom Cosmas and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - - - - -Transcriber Note - -An Index has been added at the end to facilitate location of subjects. -Text emphasis is denoted as =Italicized Bold= and _Italics_. - - - - - Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919. - - The Story in Outline. - - - - - Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919. - - Interesting Facts, arranged Alphabetically by Subjects - - - =This compilation is an attempt by a busy library staff to put - into form convenient for use a large group of such facts and figures - as experience shows are often asked for. The notes which follow tell - how we happen to be so interested in Newark's story, why so many - questions on that story come to us, and what kind of help we hope - Newarkers may get from it.= - -About seventeen years ago the Library began to collect information about -Newark. We began with a search for good topical poetry and for historical -stories so written as to appeal to young people. Of these we found very -little; though poor verse and poor history were both abundant. - -Then we extended our search to the field of Newark as a going concern. In -this field we found so little in print that was fairly descriptive of the -actual Newark of the time, from water supply to sewers, and from parks to -jails, that we began to write it ourselves. - -We were moved to do this largely because certain changes in school work -led many pupils and teachers to come to us for information. Our brief, -typed and multigraphed statements about subjects like the city hospital, -paving and street cleaning, proved to be very welcome. We gathered a vast -deal of Newark information and, in time, cast much of it into convenient -form for use in the Library and for lending. In these days we held in the -Library several annual exhibits illustrative of and calling attention to -events of both early and recent days in Newark's history. - -Mr. Frank J. Urquhart, one of the editors of the Newark Sunday Call, had -long been an advocate of the study of Newark by its citizens, both old -and young. At the request of the Library, he wrote a brief history of -Newark for the use of young people, which later the Board of Education -adopted as a text-book in the schools. Mr. Urquhart helped the Library -very materially in the collection of historical data and in exhibits of -Newark life and customs in the past. - -Several years ago the schools took over this Newark work and, of course, -vastly expanded it, and made of it a Course, running through all grades, -on the City of Newark, and supplied for it a text-book and more than -forty pamphlets of Newark information. - -Dr. A. B. Poland, then Superintendent of our Schools, approved -heartily of all this Newark study work, and at his request Assistant -Superintendent J. Wilmer Kennedy prepared the Course of Study and the -pamphlets just mentioned. - -The demand for Newark information which came to the Library was, of -course, rather increased than diminished by this adoption of a Newark -Study Course by the schools. - -Moreover, Newark has now a much larger number of persons who are -interested in its development and its character and its recent -self-improvement than it had fifteen years ago. Consequently, the -requests received from adults for facts and figures concerning recent -events in our city are much more numerous than they were formerly. - -Looking back over the world's history with the perspective of many years, -you would not find it an easy matter to select any fifteen-year period -about which you might wish to write even the briefest review. That is, -events appear to lose their importance or to produce unexpected results -with the passing years, and only a comparatively few happenings remain -conspicuous for all time and for all peoples. - -There is, however, a peculiar fascination about history in the making, -and especially local history within one's own memory. Perhaps it may -be compared to the study of a dead language as an intellectual pursuit -and the study of a live language for the pleasure or profit of human -intercourse. Both are desirable--the one, as a background, the other, as -a foreground of education. - -Newark's history from the days of Robert Treat was so thoroughly reviewed -at the time of the 250th Anniversary Celebration, 1916, that we have -elected to treat as background everything prior to 1904 and to concern -ourselves with the story of Newark from that year to the present. This -means that the high school graduate of June, 1919, should find between -the covers of this pamphlet a record of the city from the time he or -she entered the kindergarten. With these dates in mind it was really -astonishing to find how many changes and what material advances had been -made within the fifteen years. As you thought of the building of the -City Hall and Court House; the changed appearance of the "Four Corners"; -the opening of the Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; the new Public Service -Terminal; the adaptation of automatic appliances in fire fighting; the -impetus given movements like "Safety First", vacant lot cultivation and -thrift with its school banks; the bigger civic undertakings like City -Plan, Passaic Valley Sewer; Port Newark and the unexpected trend of its -development due to the war; the war itself, representing the effect of -a world event on a city's activities; the 250th Anniversary, a local -celebration, but illustrative of Newark's relations with the outside -world; and, finally, of the change of city administration to Commission -Government--you wonder whether history at close range invariably presents -so much of interest, or whether 1904-1919 happens to be a particularly -progressive period, or whether Newark, suddenly conscious of its -backwardness in many lines, is now making up for lost time. - -So many facts presented themselves that the pamphlet soon outgrew our -original conception of it, becoming much larger than was originally -intended. It is still, however, a succession of facts and in no sense a -consecutive history. Because it grew from fact to fact, suggested by one -assistant and perhaps set down by another; and because from the first -day the idea was suggested to the day when work stopped, a lapse of -three months, we were daily expecting that copy must go to the printer -on the morrow, the entries are not as complete, or the whole as well -balanced as we should wish. One consideration which delayed our work, but -which should contribute to any value it may have, was the fixed desire -to avoid loose, indefinite statement and to resist the inclination to -make irrelevant comment when real information is wanting or difficult to -acquire. This determination grew as our own searches and questionings -showed how common is this looseness of statement. For the facts and -information which it was impossible or very difficult to get from records -on file, we wish to make grateful acknowledgment to city departments, -newspapers, societies and individuals who responded promptly and -graciously to our calls for assistance. - -August, 1919. - - C. V. D. - - - - -Newark: 1904-1919. - - -_All-Year School_: Established at Belmont Ave. and McKinley schools, -June 1, 1912. Each year's work divided into four 12 week terms instead -of two 20 week terms. Enables pupil to complete 8 grades' work in 6 years -instead of 8, as he ordinarily would. Attendance during summer term is -not compulsory. - - -_Almshouse_: New home for aged and infirm poor at Ivy Hill, beyond -Irvington, erected 1913-14 and opened Jan. 1916. Accommodates 400 to 500 -people. Has farm of 70 acres so those who are able can work and help to -support themselves. Surveyed by Russell Sage Foundation, Dept. of Surveys -and Exhibits, 1918-19. - - -_Alternating Plan_: Introduced in Cleveland and Madison Schools, 1913. -Nov. 1915, Cleveland and Abington Ave. schools organized on complete plan -with daily vocational and recreational activities. - -Essential feature consists in so co-ordinating work of two teachers that -each may make alternate use of classroom, court and auditorium. Makes for -economy in erection of buildings, since under the alternate plan, it is -possible to accommodate in any fully equipped building from 40% to 50% -more pupils than under the regular system. Broader curriculum with longer -school day. Modification of the "Wirt" system practiced in the schools of -Gary, Indiana. - - -_Apartment Houses_: City directory for 1906 lists apartment houses, 41, -separately for the first time; now over 300. - - -_Athletic Association, Public School_: Formed April 26, 1904. - - -_Athletic Field, Public School_: Bloomfield and Roseville Aves. Annual -meet held here for first time June, 1913. - - -_Automobiles_: N. J. Dept. of Motor Vehicles was established 1906 for -the registration and supervision of automobiles. Prior to that time this -work had been done in the secretary of state's office and originally -applications for car registrations were signed by the county clerk. In -1900, as far as the first records show, there were not more than 10 or 12 -motor-drawn vehicles in the entire state. In 1918, the number registered -was 155,519 exclusive of motorcycles. - - -_Band Concerts_: First given, 1903, 25 in a year; appropriation, $3,000. -1918 appropriation, $5,000; 60 concerts; attended by 350,000 persons. - - -_Bank Buildings_: See Buildings. - - -_Baths, Public_: Public Bath Assoc. formed, 1907. By courtesy of Bd. of -Street and Water Commissioners undertook supervision of 3 old bath houses -on Summer Ave., Morris Ave., and Walnut St. - -Bill passed N. J. Legislature, 1910, permitting Newark to issue bonds for -public baths, up to $250,000. - -Site of Montgomery St. bath purchased and work begun, 1911. Opened, Sept. -1913. Cost, $100,000. - -Placed under the control of Playground Commission, 1913. - -Hamburg Pl. (now Wilson Ave.) bath opened, July, 1917. - -Baths closed by order of Mayor on account of lack of coal, Dec. 10, 1917. -Re-opened by vote of Commission, Jan. 25, 1918. - - -_Birth Rate_: - - _Population_ _Rate per Thousand_ - 1904 272,000 25.8 - 1905 283,000 25.1 - 1906 290,000 26.3 - 1907 300,000 27.9 - 1908 305,000 29.2 - 1909 311,000 30.8 - 1910 347,469 29.6 - 1911 352,000 30.9 - 1912 370,000 29.3 - 1913 380,000 29.4 - 1914 395,000 29.0 - 1915 375,000 29.2 - 1916 385,000 29.7 - 1917 405,000 30.4 - 1918 430,000 27.0 - - -_Blind, Work for_: N. J. Commission for the Blind created by act of -Legislature, 1909, to supervise and encourage work for the blind. State -headquarters, originally established at 54 James St., Newark, now located -at 147 Summer Ave. - -Here the Commission conducts classes in reading, writing, stenography, -typewriting, basketry, cane-seating, weaving, piano tuning, and other -manual arts. It also sends out teachers to instruct the adult blind in -their homes. First public school class for blind in Newark inaugurated, -Sept., 1910, in Washington St. School. - -Under act of 1918, creating State Dept. of Charities and Corrections (now -Dept. of Institutions and Agencies), this Commission is given entire -charge of all state matters relating to the blind. - - -_Boy's Vocational School_: Opened April, 1910, in Warren St. School, at -Warren and Wickliffe Sts. - -Building of new school, to be located on Sussex Ave., bet. 1st and 2nd -Sts., and known as the Seymour Vocational School, in honor of James M. -Seymour, Mayor of Newark, 1896-1903, has been postponed by war. Building -plans and curriculum will follow recommendations made by an Advisory -Committee to Bd. of Education (appointed Aug., 1916) in its survey, -Vocational Overview of Newark, New Jersey, which was prepared by Charles -H. Winslow. - - -_Buildings_: (This list is here entered to show how many municipal, -educational and notable commercial buildings have been erected within the -last few years.) - -American Insurance Co., Park Place and E. Park St. Present building -completed Feb., 1904. - -Merchants' National Bank, 770 Broad St., moved to new building Feb. 22, -1905. - -New City Hall, Broad St., between Green and Franklin Sts., cornerstone -laid Aug. 5, 1903, formally opened Dec. 20, 1906. Cost $2,500,000. - -New Court House, junction of Springfield Ave. and Market St., completed -1907. Cost $2,000,000. - -Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co.'s new building. Broad and Clinton Sts., -completed 1908. - -Firemen's Office Building, 16-story, at "Four Corners", completed 1910. - -Ironbound Trust Co., Market and Ferry Sts. Present building opened July -25, 1910. - -N. Y. Telephone Co., 281 Washington St. New building completed Nov. 1, -1910. - -East Side High School, Van Buren St., bet. Warwick and Nichols Sts., -opened March 1, 1911. - -Broad St. Theatre, Broad St., opp. Central Ave. Opened under name of -Shubert Theater, Jan. 8, 1912. - -Lehigh Valley Railroad Station, Meeker Ave., Weequahic Park section, -opened Jan. 27, 1912. Cost $60,000. - -Central High School, High St., bet. New and Summit Sts., opened Feb. 1, -1912. - -Essex Co. National Bank Building, 753 Broad St. Now occupied by Fidelity -Trust Co. Completed June, 1912. - -National State Bank, Broad and Mechanic Sts. Present building completed -Oct. 1, 1912. - -L. Bamberger & Co.'s Department Store, Market, Halsey and Washington -Sts., opened Oct. 15, 1912. - -Kinney Office Building, 12-story, at "Four Corners", completed 1913. - -New Board of Health Building, William and Plane Sts., completed 1913. - -Young Women's Christian Association, 53 Washington St., completed 1913, -and dedicated Nov. 3, 1913. - -Washington Trust Co., 477 Broad St., completed Sept. 1913. - -South Side High School, Johnson Ave., cor. Alpine St., opened Sept. 8, -1913. - -N. J. State Normal School, Belleville and 4th Aves., opened Sept. 16, -1913. - -West Side Trust Co., Springfield Ave. and High St. Present building -opened July 1, 1914. - -Public Service Terminal, Park Place, completed, 1916. Cost, $5,000,000. - -Robert Treat Hotel, Park Place, named for founder of Newark. Completed -during the 250th Anniversary Celebration, May, 1916. - -Federal Trust Co., 740 Broad St., adjoining Mutual Benefit Life Ins. -Co.'s building and erected by Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co. Completed 1918. - -Central Railroad of N. J. Station, South Broad St. Work begun on new -building, Nov., 1916; completed Feb., 1919. Total cost, including -property acquired, $650,000. - - -_Carteret Book Club_: Established for printing fine editions and study of -art of book making, Dec. 12, 1908. Published, 1917, a volume "Newark", -containing "a series of engravings on wood by Rudolph Ruzicka, with an -appreciation of the pictorial aspects of the town by Walter Prichard -Eaton". Limited edition of 200 copies printed by Merrymount Press, Boston. - - -_Catholic Children's Aid Association of N. J._: Organized 1904 and -headquarters established in Newark with paid agent. Proceeded to -withdraw children from Catholic institutions and to place them in private -Catholic homes. Instituted work to prevent separation of families -and placing of children in institutions, by prosecuting parents and -perpetuating homes. Headquarters now located at 776 Broad St. - - -_Charities_: Bur. of Associated Charities, organized 1882, reorganized -1904. Private organization, supported by voluntary contributions, but -with work so far-reaching and constructive that it has become a center -for co-operative effort among all charitable agencies in the city. Has -a visiting Housekeeper Department, Provident Savings Fund, General -Information Bureau and trained social workers to study causes and -conditions. In 1903-04 there were 239 contributors and contributions -amounting to $3,000. In 1918-19 there were 3,000 contributors and -contributions of $48,000. - -In 1906, at suggestion of Bureau, Bd. of Trade appointed a committee -to examine claims of charities soliciting contributions, and to try to -name those worthy of support. This is now known as the Bd. of Trade -Endorsement Committee. In 1917 there were 63 endorsed charities. - -In 1912 and again in 1916, the secretary of the Associated Charities -published a classified directory of the philanthropies of Newark, a -genuine contribution to the study of social problems. - -For facts about distinct lines of work or particular undertakings consult -this directory or the Associated Charities Bur. - - -_Charter, City_: A city charter is the constitution or frame of -government of a city conferred on that city by the state legislature. - -First charter incorporating township of Newark, granted by Queen Anne -to Robert Treat, 1713. Legislature incorporated _township_ of Newark, -1798. Legislature incorporated it under name of Mayor and Common Council -of _City_ of Newark, 1836. The 1857 revision, authorized by act of -Legislature, embodied all changes made since 1836. - -Mayor Haussling appointed a committee which formulated and published -draft of new city charter, 1911. - -Mayor Raymond appointed "Charter Revision Commission", which presented -its proposed charter to Legislature, 1917. It provided for a mayor, and -Commission of five, elected at large. Mayor to have veto power and to -appoint heads of departments. This was defeated in Assembly, March, 1917. - -See also Commission Government. - - -_Child Hygiene Division, Board of Health_: Established Aug., 1913, to -supervise care of new-born babies, to study causes of infant mortality -and to teach art and science of mothercraft. Chief, 4 clinic physicians -and 14 nurses now in attendance. Has continued work of consultation -stations, formerly directed by general board, at which advice is given -expectant mothers and mothers of children up to school age. Supervises -boarding-homes of infants up to 3 years of age, which by ordinance of -July 6, 1915, must be licensed by Health Bd. Also supervises unmarried -mothers and is planning convalescent home for them at Ivy Hill. - -A supervisor of midwives was appointed Nov., 1914, to investigate and -report on practice of midwifery and has continued to direct work of -midwives, who attend 50% of the births of the city. - - -_Christmas Trees, Municipal_: The first tree, a Norway spruce, 48 ft. -high, with spread of 30 ft., was set up in Military Park, Christmas, -1913. Illuminated at night with 800 electric lights, and 50 in star shape -at top. Week of festival followed. Similar festivities held around trees -set up in the park next 2 years. - -In 1916 a great Norway spruce was set up in south lawn fronting City -Hall. Inside the building, a smaller tree was placed in rotunda for week -of festival. These City Hall Christmas Festivals brought together old -and young, rich and poor, for singing and games and Christmas good cheer -of all kinds. For the past 2 years there has been no municipal Christmas -Tree, but Christmas festivities have been held in the City Hall. - - -_Churches_: Items of church history,--buildings erected, parish houses -annexed, missions established, etc.,--are too numerous to be recorded in -a brief, general outline. Detailed sketches of individual churches have -been written by Rev. Joseph F. Folsom and appended to Urquhart's History -of Newark, Vol. II., pp. 949-1020. - - -_City Home_: See Delinquent Children. - - -_City Plan Commission_: "City planning means development of our city -according to carefully prepared plans; stopping all further random -development, all haphazard extensions, and all improvements for certain -favored sections or limited localities. It means considering every -suggested change or improvement as to its effect on the entire city and -all suburbs and nearby towns. - -"City planning is for all, and especially for the man of modest income. -It means better housing and attractive and healthful surroundings for -the humblest homes. It means securing for the cheapest tenement the -sunny, airy, sanitary conditions which health, science and common sense -demand. - -"It means a City Efficient, a City Clean and a City Enjoyable." - -An act providing for city plan commissions passed N. J. Legislature and -became a law March 30, 1911. On June 1, Mayor Haussling appointed the -Newark City Plan Commission. For its investigations and work, $10,000 was -annually appropriated until the adoption of Commission Government. Under -this form of government there were no further appropriations for special -boards and the City Plan Commission went out of existence, Dec. 31, 1917. - -Some of the subjects studied and reported on by the Commission aside -from street arrangement, were Centre Market, Housing Problems, Municipal -Recreation, Interurban Improvement and Harbor Development. The Commission -issued "City Planning for Newark" and "A Comprehensive Plan". Both are -valuable documents and rich in Newark facts. - - -_Civil Service Reform_: The system by which public offices are filled -and promotions made through competitive examinations held under federal, -state or city government. It is known as the "merit system", since -it looks toward the appointment of men to office because of their -competency. It is a reaction from the "spoils system" or the practice -of giving public offices to political favorites. The state measure was -adopted, 1910, by Newark, by popular vote. - - -_Coal Shortage_: 27,000 emergency coal cards, entitling each person to -1,000 pounds of coal, were issued by Bd. of Health during coal shortage -in the winter of 1917-18. U. S. government instituted Workless Mondays to -conserve coal, and boards of education closed school buildings for lack -of fuel. - - -_College of Technology_: See Technical School. - - -_Comfort Stations_: First public comfort station, in Military Park, ready -for use July, 1910. Cost $14,734. Maintained by Shade Tree Commission, -now a division of Dept. of Parks and Public Property. - - -_Commission Government_: Adopted Oct. 9, 1917, at a special referendum -election. Vote 19,069 for, and 6,053 against. - -Present commissioners elected Nov. 13, 1917, to serve until May, 1921, -are: - - Mayor Charles P. Gillen. Dept. of Public Affairs. - - Alexander Archibald. Dept. of Revenue and Finance. - - William J. Brennan. Dept. of Public Safety. - - Thomas L. Raymond. Dept. of Streets and Public Improvements. - - John F. Monahan. Dept. of Parks and Public Property. - -Change of government authorized under Walsh Act, passed by the N. J. -Legislature April 25, 1911. 5 commissioners, elected by the people and -responsible to them, replace a mayor, 32 common council members, numerous -departments and boards. The commission names one of its members to be -mayor. He becomes chief Commissioner, but has no veto power. - - -_Contemporary, The_: Organized April 23, 1909, by representatives of -Sesame, Philomathean, Irving, Saturday and Municipal Art Clubs. To meet -need for single large organization of Newark women, working toward a -better knowledge of civic conditions and for the development of good -fellowship among women. - -204 active and 198 associate members enrolled at first regular meeting, -Oct. 19, 1909. Admitted to State Federation of Women's Clubs, Oct. 24, -1909. Legally incorporated, April 19, 1915. Total membership, Sept., -1918, was 1,461. - -Among its activities have been the institution of a social hygiene -movement; the organization of the Housewives' League; advocacy of the -founding of a State College for Women; opening a boarding home for -girls; and work for prison reform, mothers' pensions, child welfare and -delinquency, emergency relief and food conservation. - - -_Co-operative School_: First established April 3, 1916, in Fawcett School -of Industrial Arts. Wrappers from several department stores given lessons -in salesmanship during working hours without loss of wages. - - -_Course of Study_: Uniform course for high schools adopted May 27, 1915. -Educational and cultural value of manual arts recognized by requiring -them in all curricula. Arts curriculum carrying full credit in music and -art introduced as major subjects. All other courses modified and adjusted -to meet more adequately needs of students preparing for office, shop, -home or higher institution of learning. - - -_Crippled Children, School for_: Opened July 7, 1912 in Home for Crippled -Children. 17 pupils ranging in age from 4 to 13 years. Heretofore no -schooling had been provided. - - -_Deaf, Public School Classes for_: First class organized in Chestnut St. -School with 11 pupils, 1910. In Oct., 1915, classes in lip-reading for -adults were organized as part of evening school program. - - -_Death Rate_: Statistics for this period are noteworthy because they show -effects of infantile paralysis epidemic in 1916, and of influenza in -1918, which, though less alarming in its symptoms, had more fatal results. - - _Population_ _No. Deaths_ _Death Rate_ - 1904 272,000 5,378 19.77 - 1905 283,239 5,025 17.74 - 1906 290,000 5,551 19.14 - 1907 300,000 5,724 19.08 - 1908 305,000 5,207 17.07 - 1909 311,000 5,529 17.77 - 1910 347,469 5,784 16.64 - 1911 352,000 5,337 15.16 - 1912 370,000 5,423 14.65 - 1913 380,000 5,562 14.63 - 1914 395,000 5,809 14.70 - 1915 375,000 5,382 14.30 - [A]1916 385,000 6,357 16.50 - 1917 405,000 5,205 15.30 - [A]1918 430,000 8,482 19.70 - - [A] See Infantile Paralysis; Influenza. - - -_Delinquent Children_: Juvenile court act, providing for separate trial -of all offenders under 16 years, passed by N. J. Legislature, 1903. -Essex Co. Juvenile Court established in Newark the same year. To prevent -association of young offenders with hardened criminals. Judge may commit -the boy or girl to a reformatory institution or refer the case to a -probation officer. In the latter case the child is released but must -report regularly to the officer until the probation period is passed. - -House of Detention, 120 Newark St., county institution maintained in -connection with juvenile court, was opened Dec., 1910. For accommodation -of children awaiting trial, and for those held as witnesses. Were -formerly kept at police station or jail. - -Essex Co. Parental School, Sussex Ave., bet. Hecker and Duryee Sts., -authorized by N. J. law of 1912, was opened May 1, 1916. Supersedes House -of Detention now used only for juvenile witnesses. Provides a temporary -home for juvenile delinquents and neglected children and aims to be an -educational rather than penal institution. Here juvenile court is held -and probation cases reported. - -Ungraded Schools, No. 1 (So. 10th St.), and No. 2 (Chestnut St.), were -erected, 1911, for better accommodation of classes of truants and -incorrigibles. Curriculum provides for usual common school branches with -particular emphasis placed upon manual and vocational studies. These 2 -schools, with the classes in Academy St., established 1898, are the only -schools of this kind under direction of the Bd. of Education. In addition -there is the Newark Parental School, at Verona, formerly known as the -City Home. Maintained by the city for the most difficult cases from -ungraded schools. Provides a home as well as schooling like the Essex Co. -Parental School, except that it takes boys only. - - -_Dental Clinic Association_: Organized 1909 and financed from private -sources. Later supported by city under N. J. law of 1910, with amendments -1911 and 1913, allowing Common Council to appropriate $10,000 annually. -Provides free dental services for children under 16, unable to pay for -treatment. 3 clinics opened at 74 Newton St., 346 Ferry St., and 297 -Orange St. 7,623 individuals treated and 24,878 operations performed in -1918. - -Orange St. Clinic closed Nov. 1, 1918, because of insufficient funds and -scarcity of operators, is expected to re-open. Appropriation increased to -$20,000 by N. J. law of 1919. - - -_Detention, House of_: See Delinquent Children. - - -_Education Board_: Change from elective board of 32 members, 2 from each -ward for term of 2 years, to present board of 9 members appointed by -Mayor for term of 3 years, made at general election held Nov. 5, 1907. - - -_Employment Bureau, Municipal_: Established Nov. 15, 1909. Merged its -activities with U. S. Dept. of Labor and N. J. Dept. of Labor, July 1, -1918. - -Shortly after the armistice was signed, a Soldiers' and Sailors' Dept. -was organized to assist discharged men to secure positions, advising and -aiding the injured to obtain compensation and vocational training. - - -_Exhibitions_: Newark History, Free Public Library, May 17-June 1, 1905. -Review of the city's growth from a little settlement of a few houses to -prosperous industrial center. Maps, portraits, pictures, curios. Exhibit -repeated in subsequent years as school children's interest in local -history developed. - -Industrial Expositions, 1st Regiment Armory, (1) May 13-25, 1912 (the -first since Aug., 1872); (2) Sept. 12-26, 1914; (3) May 13-June 3, 1916, -250th Anniversary event. - -Industrial, L. Bamberger & Co.'s store, Feb., 1913; Feb., 1914; Feb., -1915. - -Fire Prevention, City Hall. First exhibit held Nov. 12, 1913. Exhibits -held annually since that date for week beginning Oct. 9th. This date, -the anniversary of the great Chicago fire, 1871, is generally known -throughout the country as Fire and Accident Prevention Day. In 1918 the -date was changed to Nov. 11th that it might not interfere with the 4th -Liberty Loan. See also Safety Movement. - -Municipal, City Hall. March 1-7, 1915. Showing work of various -departments of the city government and their inter-relations. Held in -connection with an exhibit of foreign and American city planning. - -Clay Products of N. J., Newark Museum, Feb. 1-March 28, 1915. Brick, -tile, sanitary ware, electrical ware, table ware, crucibles, earthenware, -etc., and demonstration of casting, pressing and turning on the potter's -wheel. - -Textiles, Newark Museum, Feb. 1-March 28, 1916. Machine weaving, hand -weaving, old and new, tapestry and weaving and embroideries, and a -special group of textiles lent by foreign-born Newarkers. - -School Work, South Side High School, July 5-Aug. 4, 1916. Feature of -250th Anniversary. Showed (1) organization of public school system. (2) -equipment, appliances, supplies, etc. (3) work of all elementary grades, -high schools, special classes and special subjects. - -Homelands, Newark Museum, Feb. 1 to March 28, 1916. Costumes and textiles -from foreign lands, mainly secured through the schools. Burnet St. -School, July 10-Aug. 5, 1916. Jewelry, costumes, textiles, furniture, -pottery, etc., from foreign lands, lent by Newarkers of foreign birth, -representing, among others, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, -Poland, Lithuania, Ruthenia, Russia, Slovakia, Bohemia, Hungary, Italy, -Armenia, and China. Plays, songs and native dances were part of the -entertainment. - -Colonial Kitchen, Newark Museum, Nov. 27, 1917-Feb. 28, 1918. A room 16 -ft. × 20 ft., completely furnished as in colonial days, with colonial -domestic tools and utensils in cases. - -The Soldier and Sailor, Newark Museum, March 14-April 1, 1918. Complete -modern equipment as required by Army and Navy regulations; model of Camp -Dix, comparison of uniforms and equipment from Revolution to date. - -Industrial Housing and Better Homes Exposition, Krueger Auditorium, July -20-27, 1918. Many models made by manual training departments of Newark -schools. Food conservation and war cookery, also features. - -Colombia, South America, Newark Museum. June 1-Nov. 30, 1918. Products, -manufactures, life and customs of this rich but little known neighbor. - - -_Feebleminded, Public School Classes for_: 5 classes established at -College Pl., Lafayette St. and 7th Ave. Schools, Sept., 1910. - - -_Fire Department, 1906_: First self-propelled steam engine, "Mount -Pelee", placed in service, Nov. 22, 1906. Cost $6,000, weight 8½ tons, -built by Manchester Locomotive Works. Strangely enough the engine itself -sent forth so many sparks, thereby setting fire to numerous awnings and -other things along its route, that it was later converted into a tractor -engine and is now part of the reserve. - -1907. Central office Fire Alarm Telegraph Office installed in City Hall. -Cost $55,000. - -Bur. of Combustibles and Fire Risks established. Originated Fire -Prevention Code which marked beginning of that important movement. -Effective Dec., 1910. - -1911. School of instruction for firemen established. - -First motor-driven fire engine, of general type now in use, placed in -service. - -1917. Two platoon system inaugurated, whereby the fireman's working -schedule is so arranged that he has 24 consecutive free hours every week. - -1918. First fire boat, "William J. Brennan", named for the director of -Dept. of Public Safety, placed in service June, 1918. On the night of -its first day of service it was successful in extinguishing a dock fire, -which might otherwise have resulted in $100,000 loss. - - -_Flag, City_: Officially adopted by Common Council, March 24, 1916. The -field is white, with Jersey blue border. The city seal in gold, with -gold-blue scroll and blue band beneath, occupies the center of the field. - - -_Food and Drug Division--Board of Health_: Established, 1913. Prior -to that, only work carried on consisted of taking a few milk samples -wherever suspicion was directed. Today the chief of division, chemist, 2 -veterinarians, 4 milk inspectors, 4 food inspectors and a meat inspector -keep close watch over food in every form, especially milk. Food-handling -places, including restaurants, are supervised and scored; food handlers -physically examined; live stock supervised. - - -_Gary Schools_: See Alternating Plan. - - -_German Language_: War led to decision May 27, 1918, that no new classes -in German would be formed, although study would be continued in those -classes already organized. - - -_Girls' Vocational School_: Recommended 1912. Opened Sept., 1914, in -former Normal School building, Washington and Linden Sts. - - -_Gymnasium, Public School_: First gymnasium installed in new addition to -Hamburg Place School during school year 1906-7. Barringer High School -gymnasium annex opened 1909. - - -_Health_: See Birth Rate; Child Hygiene Division--Board of Health; Death -Rate; Food and Drug Division--Board of Health; Infantile Paralysis; -Influenza; Little Mother's League; Medical History, Museum of; Mental -Hygiene, Bureau of--Board of Health; Milk Supply; Tuberculosis, Campaign -Against; Venereal Diseases, Bureau of--Board of Health; Whooping Cough. - - -_High Schools_: Barringer, formerly Newark High School, was the only high -school in the city, 1838-1904. In 1907 the name was changed to Barringer -High School, in memory of Dr. William N. Barringer, city superintendent -of schools for about 20 years. - - East Side, opened March 1, 1911. - Central, opened Feb. 1, 1912. - South Side, opened Sept. 8, 1913. - See also Junior High Schools. - - -_Housing_: U. S. Homes Registration and Rent Profiteering Committee -created July, 1918, with office in City Hall, branch of national -organization for equitable protection of home rent payers and owners -of dwellings. Undertook compilation of list of homes where war workers -could obtain rooms. Conducted "Rent-a-Room" campaign as war expedient. -Originally planned to aid war workers, service has broadened so that -office has become a general housing bureau. - -Basing its figures on local buildings reports Jan. 1, 1915-June 30, 1919, -_Sunday Call_ has estimated that Newark has shortage of 3,000 homes. - -See also Apartments. - - -_Indeterminate Sentence_: See Prison Reform. - - -_Industrial Expositions_: See Exhibitions. - - -_Industrial Schools_: See Boys' Vocational School; Girls' Vocational -School; Technical School. - - -_Industry_: Added celluloid to the world's products; built first -locomotive engine to travel up grade; leads in manufacture of umbrella -frames. - -Produced first malleable cast iron; made first patent leather; is -largest fine jewelry manufacturing centre; ranks 11th in U. S. in annual -aggregate value of products. - -Ranks 1st in N. J. in number of wage earners, amount of capital invested -in manufacturing, amount paid in wages to workers, and value of goods -produced. - -Has one firm employing over 10,000 persons, 8 employing over 1,000, 19 -employing over 500, 73 employing over 200, and 123 employing over 100 -each. - - -INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AS AFFECTED BY THE WAR. - -1. Stores and Factories: - - _1904_ _1914_ _1918_ - Grocery stores 950 1,619 1,455 - Dry goods stores 166 288 336 - Automobile dealers 21 145 195 - Machine and machinery mfrs. 79 99 125 - Printers 68 116 129 - -2. Finance. Newark as a Financial Centre: - - _1904_ _1914_ _1918_ - Banks & Trust Cos. 17 28 27 - " " " " Deposits $ 48,593,824 $ 91,881,371 $ 150,584,502 - Insurance Agencies 50 96 110 - Fire insurance in force $ 585,496,689 $1,823,849,317 $2,472,090,772 - Life " " " $1,416,345,076 $3,306,711,318 $4,879,947,621 - Building & Loan Associations 111 245 259 - Postal Savings Deposits (Begun Sept. - 15, 1911) $27,573 $42,587 - -3. General Growth: - - _1904_ _1914_ _1918_ - Population (Bd. of Health estimates) 272,000 395,000 430,000 - Names listed in Newark directory 105,631 172,756 201,894 - Corporations listed in Newark - directory 573 1,695 1,751 - Building permits granted 2,155 2,104 1,696 - Amount spent on buildings $6,000,000 $10,610,277 $5,000,000 - -4. Factories: - - _1904_ _1914_ _1917_ - Establishments not - available 729 820 - Total capital invested " $141,796,120.00 $204,249,525.00 - Cost value of material used " $ 89,998,186.00 $203,732,015.00 - Selling value of goods made " $167,793,408.00 $332,426,904.00 - Average number persons employed " 57,156 69,066 - Total amount paid in wages " $ 30,714,116.00 $ 53,277,897.00 - Average yearly earnings of workers " $ 537.37 $ 771.41 - - -_Infantile Paralysis_: Epidemic occurred during July, Aug. and Sept. 1, -1916. 1,360 cases with 363 deaths. Greatest number of cases reported week -ending Aug. 12, 260. Highest prevalence under 5 years of age. - -Necessitated closing all-year and summer schools, July 19, 1916, and -postponing the opening of fall sessions until Sept. 25. - - -_Influenza_: Outset of epidemic apparent during last 4 days of Sept., -1918, when 435 cases were reported. Simultaneously a remarkable increase -in pneumonia. Greatest daily number of influenza cases reported was -1,626, on Oct. 14. Most prevalent in Oct. but continued through Nov. -and Dec. with a total of 29,269 cases of influenza and 3,853 cases of -pneumonia. High prevalence was between 20 and 30 years. Total deaths, -Oct.-Dec., 1918, were 1,354 from influenza and 829 from pneumonia. - -All public drinking places, theaters, churches, dance halls, billiard -rooms and other public places of assemblage closed Oct. 10-22. Schools -closed Oct. 11, reopened Oct. 28. - - -_Institute of Arts and Sciences_, 367 High St. Incorporated 1910. -Merging of Newark University Courses, given 1909, and College Extension -Courses given for several years. To meet widespread demand for courses -of university grade in Newark and nearby towns. Has co-operative support -of New York University which supplies Institute with regular members of -the N. Y. U. instructional staff. Credits courses taken for degrees in -Washington Square College of N. Y. U. - - -_Italian Language_: 3 year study course introduced at Barringer High -School, Feb. 1, 1919. - - -_Jitneys_: Or passenger auto-buses. First run in spring of 1916. 349 -in operation July, 1919. Name originated in California, where a 5 cent -piece, the fare, is commonly known as a "jitney". - - _Receipts_ _Tax_ _Passengers_ - 1916 (7 months) $133,043.22 $ 5,556.92 2,660,963 - 1917 409,774.86 17,332.74 8,195,491 - 1918 855,832.82 36,151.22 17,120,652 - 1919 (7 months) 959,473.69 39,940.61 19,189,472 - - -_Junior College_: Established at South Side High School with 50 students -Sept., 1918. Public school system thus extended to include the first two -years of regular college course. - - -_Junior High Schools_: Established at Robert Treat, Madison and Cleveland -Schools, Sept., 1917. 9th grade, equivalent to 1st year high school, -added to grammar course, with departmental system in 7th and 8th grades. -Experiment of teaching modern languages as early as the 7th grade tried -with success, 1919. - - -_Junior Museum Club_: Founded June, 1916, by boy and girl delegates from -8B public school classes and members of the Irvington Museum Assoc., -under leadership of Dr. Henry H. Rusby, of Newark, and the staff of the -Newark Museum Assoc. Purpose: to collect and to study animals, insects, -aquatic life, birds, botany, mineralogy, stamps and coins, electricity, -photography, etc. Membership open to any boy or girl between 10 and 18 -years of age. Affiliated with the Newark Museum Assoc. Headquarters, -Public Library building. - - -_Juvenile Court_: See Delinquent Children. - - -_Juvenile Delinquency_: See Delinquent Children. - - -_Lectures, Public_: 25 years ago, the lecture system was a feature of the -evening schools, and continued as such, until 1906, when it was decided -to have the lectures for the people given in school buildings, designated -as lecture centers. In 1907 there were 15 lecture centers, including -the First Presbyterian Church, the Free Public Library and 13 school -buildings. - -During the season of 1907-08 there were 245 lectures with a total -attendance of 105,210. For the season 1915-16 there were 30 centers and -400 lectures, with an aggregate attendance of 160,890. During the war -period, 1917-18, the attendance decreased. - -Subjects treated in the lectures are history, patriotism, art, music, -literature and geography. Many are illustrated by stereopticon views and -a few by motion pictures. Musical programs have always proved popular. - - -_Library, Public_: Building completed, March, 1901. Cost of building, -$315,000; cost of land, $100,000. Architects, Rankin & Kellogg, -Philadelphia. - -Number of books lent in 1904, 465,674. In 1911 the number passed the -million mark and held it until, in 1918, the library's income was found -to be inadequate, branch libraries were closed, and the number of books -lent dropped, accordingly, 37%. - -Art Department and Picture Collection, which were getting well under way -in 1904 and lent 3,000 pictures that year, now lend over 100,000 small -pictures, photographs, lithographs and prints. These pictures are used -by teachers in 36 different schools for classroom work; also by artists, -designers, jewelers, newspapers and journals, advertising men and others -in trades and professions, needing illustrative material. - -Barringer High School Branch. Opened, 1900, under management of Public -Library. Management taken over by Bd. of Education and books purchased -from the Public Library, 1915. - -Business Branch. First opened in 1904 at 16 Academy St., with a -collection of directories and a general book collection. First public -library of business literature and information for business men ever -established. Similar branches have since been established by libraries -of other large cities. During the 15 years it moved 4 times, always near -the business center at Broad and Market Streets, and special development -along business lines has been steadily carried on. - -Branch Libraries, General. Delivery stations were the Library's first -attempt to reach people in sections distant from the main building. -They were opened in drug stores at various centers as early as 1891 and -were intended only for the collection and delivery of books borrowed by -people in the neighborhood. Readers left their cards with a list of call -numbers, taken from the old "finding list" or printed catalog. Requests -were filled at the Library and books delivered to the station daily. - -In 1906, because of increased use, delivery stations were replaced -by deposit stations. At these deposit stations, still operated in -stores, the Library placed collections of several hundred books and -continued the delivery system. When the lending of books outgrew deposit -stations, branch libraries were the natural result. After branches were -established, deposit stations were discontinued, Nov., 1914. - -From 1905 to 1915, seven general branches in rented stores and two school -branches, were opened for the convenience of residents in neighborhoods -two or more miles from the main library. All branches closed in 1918 -because of insufficient funds to carry on the work, which had grown to -large proportions. For notes about branches, see chronological "Story of -the Branches", in pamphlet "The Roseville Branch", published 1917. - -Children's Books. The Children's Room at the Main Library always has a -special collection of children's books to lend to children who live near -enough to visit it. The branch libraries lent books also to children in -their neighborhoods. The School Dept. sends to any teacher who wishes it, -a school or classroom library of 25-40 books to lend to the children in -her class. 400 or 500 of these libraries go into schools every year and -15,000 children read the books. - -Civil Service law in operation since Dec. 22, 1910. - -Fiction. Moved from the main Lending Room on 2nd floor to separate -department on 1st floor Oct., 1912, for the convenience of borrowers. - -High School Room, on 1st floor of Main Library. Contains books on the -required reading lists of the four high schools. Opened March 13, 1918, -for convenience of high school students. The whole Library is open to -them for general use as before. - -"The Library and the Museum Therein," first issued June 28, 1918. -An eight page journal, illustrated, describing the activities and -acquisitions of Library and Museum. Five numbers have appeared to date. - -Music collection added April, 1907. Over $500 raised by friends for -nucleus of collection. - -"The Newarker", a "house organ", published "To introduce a City to -itself and to its Public Library". Contained notices and articles on -library activities and on local matters of public interest. Issued by the -Library, Nov., 1911-Oct., 1915. Was taken over as news sheet of 250th -Anniversary Committee of 100, Nov., 1915-Oct., 1916, and discontinued -thereafter. - -North Lawn. $53,750 appropriated by Common Council for purchase of 25 ft. -lot, May 8, 1906. - -Periodical Dept. Moved to 2nd floor corridor, Sept., 1918, for -convenience of readers. - -Registration Dept. Special room for registering new borrowers, adults and -children, and for general registration work; opened on 1st floor, Oct. -14, 1912. Put the clerical work of the Library in one place, under one -head. - -Technical Dept., with books, magazines and pamphlets on trades and -sciences, established Nov. 15, 1908. - -Time limit on the borrowing of books, extended from 2 weeks to 1 month, -March, 1904. One of the first libraries in the country to do this. - - -_Lincoln Highway_: Ocean-to-ocean highway from New York to San Francisco, -named in honor of Abraham Lincoln. Formally opened in Jersey City and -Newark, Dec. 13, 1913. Route through Newark: From city line east to city -line south, on Old Plank Road, Ferry, Merchant, Lafayette, Broad, Clinton -Ave., Astor St. and Frelinghuysen Ave. Section between Jersey City and -Newark, formerly called Old Plank Road, now 100 ft. boulevard, cost -$1,000,000. Turns marked by red, white and gold signs. - - -_Little Mother's League_: Organized in Belmont Ave. School, May 10, -1915, with 46 members, and in Montgomery School, May 26, 1915, with 29 -members. Under direction of Health Bd.'s Div. of Child Hygiene. Members, -girls between 11 and 13 years of age, volunteer to help care for city's -babies. Each member undertakes the care of one mother and baby in her -own neighborhood, visits them once a week and reports at consultation -meetings held in the schools. Since May, 1915, over 1,151 girls have -received and given instruction in the care, feeding and management of -babies. - - -_Lunches, Public School_: Penny lunches served at Hawkins St. School, -beginning Dec. 23, 1914. Average daily cost during first months, $1.80; -average receipts, $1.51, and cost of free portions, 29 cents. Later -provided in Lawrence and South St. schools. - - -_Medical History, Museum of_: In 1916, steps were taken by Dr. W. S. -Disbrow, then President of the Bd. of Health, to collect and exhibit -"everything which would illustrate the history of medicine in our city, -from its foundation". - -A large room on the top floor of the Bd. of Health Building, at 94 -William St., was set aside for this purpose. - - -_Medical Inspection_: Inaugurated in public schools, 1901, under joint -control of Bd. of Education and Bd. of Health. Entire control passed to -Bd. of Education, 1908-09. Originally organized as a means to control -spread of contagious disease, activities have been enlarged to include -all matters relating to the health of school children. In 1914 the number -of school physicians was reduced from 38 to 8, and the number of nurses -increased from 8 to 26. Public school clinic, 25 Market St., was opened -April, 1916, and a trained psychologist added to the staff of experts, -Feb., 1918. Medical inspection in parochial schools is carried on by Bd. -of Health. - - -_Medical Library Association_: Organized Nov. 18, 1905. The library is -housed in and administered by Free Public Library. - - -_Memorial Tablets_: See Tablets, Memorial - - -_Memorial Trees_: See Trees, Memorial - - -_Mental Hygiene, Bureau of--Board of Health_: Established May, 1919. -Movement started by establishment of a psychopathic ward in City Hospital -as early as 1908. Purpose is to provide a clearing house for cases of -mental or nervous disorder and of defectives coming to attention of -courts, charitable associations or other city agencies. Will study -and contend against drug addiction, enforce prohibition, observe -neuro-psychiatric cases among former soldiers and care of psychological -cases in parochial schools. - - -_Mexican Border Uprising_: First N. J. Regiment entrained for Sea Girt to -prepare for border service, June 21, 1916. - - -_Milk Supply_: Thoroughly supervised by Food and Drug Division of Board -of Health, established 1913. Dairies and creameries are inspected -and scored. Milk, except from exceptionally good dairies, must be -pasteurized. Sale of unbottled milk prohibited by city ordinance, adopted -Feb. 1, 1916. - -Present supply estimate is 100,000 quarts daily. About 25,000 less than -2 years ago. Decrease in quantity due to increased cost. 3 municipal -depots, where milk is on sale at lowest possible price, opened by Mayor, -Jan., 1919. - - -_Monuments_: See Statues and Monuments - - -_Moving Pictures_: First show licensed, Feb. 1, 1906, in 1919, 39. City -ordinance under which "Shows and Exhibitions" are regulated, amended, -1910, to include moving picture houses. - - -_Municipal Christmas Trees_: See Christmas Trees, Municipal - - -_Municipal Employment Bureau_: See Employment Bureau, Municipal - - -_Municipal Exhibition_: See Exhibitions - - -_Museum Association_: Founded through the efforts of the members of the -Fine Arts Commission, the Committee on Art and Science Collections, and -John Cotton Dana, of the Public Library. - -Incorporated, April 29, 1909, with 50 elective trustees and 5 ex-officio -trustees representing the city government and the Bd. of Education, by -special act of N. J. Legislature. Established for the reception and -exhibition of articles of art, science, history and technology and -for the encouragement of the study of the arts and sciences. Rockwell -Japanese Collection purchased for $10,000 and Museum formally opened in -rooms in the Library lent by Library trustees, Feb. 24, 1910. - -With annual appropriations, collections, cases and equipment have been -acquired, valued at over $100,000. Paintings, sculpture, pottery, glass, -textiles, bronzes, American Indian material, models of the habitations of -man, and many examples of art and industry. Collections also include over -3,000 objects lent to schools for classroom use. Systematic lending of -objects. for classroom use began in 1914. In 5 years, 19,012 objects were -lent. Largest number lent in one year, 1918, was 7,357. - -Disbrow Science Collections held in trust by the Library, were turned -over to the Museum, 1912. - -Membership in the Museum Assoc. open to all. Dues paid used for -maintenance of the collections and purchase of new objects. 10 or -12 special exhibitions are held each year in addition to permanent -exhibitions of objects owned by the Museum. Admission, free. - -See also Exhibitions; Junior Museum Club; Medical History, Museum of. - - -_Music Festivals_: First, held at 1st Regiment Armory, 1915. World-famous -artists attracted thousands. Dates for the first and succeeding -festivals, with the names of the leading soloists, follow: - - 1st. May 4, 5, 6, 1915. Anna Case, Pasquale Amata, Gadski, - Witherspoon, Matzenauer, Kreisler. - - 2nd. 250th Anniversary Event, May 1, 2, 3, 4, 1916. Anna Case, Ethel - Leginska, Freida Hempel, Julia Culp. - - 3rd. May 1, 2, 3, 1917. John McCormack, Lucy Gates (in place of - Galli-Curci), Ysaye. - - 4th. April 30, May 1, 2, 1918. Geraldine Farrar, Lucy Gates, Arthur - Middleton, Clarence Whitehill, Giovanni Martinelli. - - 5th. May 16, 17, 19, 1919. Anna Case. Reinald Werrenrath, Caruso, - Toscha Seidel. - - -_Naturalization_: Public school evening classes preparing foreigners for -U. S. citizenship organized, 1912. - - -_Newark Day_: For the purpose of studying history and development of -Newark, Nov. 7, 1910, the day before Election Day, was set aside by Bd. -of Education. At the board meeting, Oct. 27, 1910, it was recommended -that principals and teachers and, whenever possible, citizens and -officials lecture to the pupils about the city in which they live. The -day before Election Day was chosen because local interest would naturally -be increased at that time. - -Since then interest in the day has grown through the action of the -Schoolmen's Club, composed of men teachers, principals and educational -officials, which adopted the suggestion of Mr. Frank J. Urquhart, of the -Newark Sunday Call, to mark by tablets important historical spots in the -city. - -See also Tablets, Memorial. - - -_Newspapers and Journals_: - - -Newspapers. - - News, evg. circ. 92,044, 1919. Est. 1883 - Call, Sun. " 50,000, " " 1872 - Star-Eagle, evg. " 50,000, " " [B] - Ledger, morn., Sun. " 32,245, " " 1914 - Roseville Citizen, wkly. " 5,958, " " 1915 - -[B] Evg. Star, successor to Daily Advertiser, consolidated with Morn. -Eagle, Jan. 28, 1916, and from Jan. 31, 1916, published under name -Star-Eagle. - - -Foreign Newspapers. - - N. J. Freie Zeitung - (German) morn. circ. 11,000, Sun. 15,000, Est. 1857 - Kronika (Polish) wkly. " 15,538, " 1908 - L'Ora (Italian) " " 2,000, " 1902 - Montagna (Italian) " " " 1894 - Revista (English and - Italian) " 2,000, " 1905 - - -School Journals. - -Acropolis, Barringer High School; Orient, East Side High School; The -Pivot, Central High School; The Optimist, South Side High School; -Polymnian, Newark Academy; St. Benedict's College Quarterly, St. -Benedict's College; "Fratech", Newark Technical School; "The Worker", -Boys' Industrial; "The Pioneer", Robert Treat School; "Lafayette -Messenger", Lafayette School; "Cleveland Alternate", Cleveland Grammar -and Junior High School; "Onward", Newark City Home, Verona, N. J. - - -_Normal School, N. J. State_: Formerly Newark Normal School. Transferred -from city to state, July 1, 1913. New building on Belleville and 4th -Aves., opened Sept. 16, 1913. $500,000 finally agreed upon March, 1919, -as purchase price acceptable to city in transfer. - - -_Open Air Classes_: Inaugurated Feb., 1911, in Elizabeth Ave. School -building for weak, sickly and anaemic children. This school was later set -apart for children in incipient cases of tuberculosis and classes for -anaemic children were organized in 13 regular schools. - - -_Pageant_: See 250th Anniversary - - -_Parades_: See 250th Anniversary - - -_Parental School, Essex Co._: See Delinquent Children - - -_Parental School, Newark_: See Delinquent Children - - -_Parks, City_: Under care and supervision of Shade Tree Div. of Dept. of -Parks and Public Property. Distinct from county-controlled parks, like -Branch Brook, Weequahic, East Side, West Side and Riverbank, which happen -to lie within city boundaries. Largest and most familiar are Lincoln, -Military and Washington, all bordering on Broad St. Besides these parks, -there are, in business and residential sections, green squares and -triangles, to serve as breathing spaces and recreation centers. - - _1905_ _1919_ - No. of parks 19 29 - Park area in acres 19.18 21.77 - Value of park land $9,267,000 - -Among parks added to the system since 1905, when Shade Tree Commission -first took charge of the parks, are Wallace Park, a triangle of land -bounded by Wallace St., Wallace Pl. and Bank St., purchased by city, -1907; Court House Park, fronting Court House, between Market St. and -Springfield Ave., deeded to city by county, 1907; Herper's Park, -Randolph and So. 15th St., given to city by Mr. and Mrs. Henry Herpers, -1914, and named in their honor. Ground about drinking fountain, which -marks the first landing place of Robert Treat and his followers, -cultivated and known since 1916 as Landing Place Park. Name of Madison -Park, bounded by Clinton, Belmont and Madison Aves., changed to McKinley -Circle when Hiker Statue was unveiled Memorial Day, 1914, in memory of -the President who called the Hiker Men to service. Triangle, between -Central Ave., Fourth St. and Warren St., previously known as Central Ave. -Park, Central Square, etc., named Liberty Square, 1913. - - -_Parks, Essex County_: Parks within the boundaries of Newark, but -controlled by the Essex Co. Park Commission, are Branch Brook, Eastside, -Westside, Weequahic and Riverbank. - -Weequahic Park enlarged by 50 acres, 1908; Municipal Golf Course of 9 -holes opened, 1914, and used by 14,000 players during 1915. - -Riverbank Park opened, 1911. Land cost $200,000. - -Essex Co. Park Commission Administration Building erected in Branch Brook -Park, 1914. - - -_Parkways_: Parking strips or green cultivated stretches running through -street centers. First deeded to city, 1911. Originally constructed by -private land companies. When taken over by the city, they came under the -care of the Shade Tree Commission. These parkways to be found on Belmont, -Chadwick, Fourth, Seymour, Hawthorne and Vassar Aves. and Heller Parkway, -and a number of other streets. Park Ave. Parkway is under county park -management. City parkways in 1919 add 8.58 acres to the park area. - - -_Parochial Schools_: See Schools, Parochial - - -_Passaic Valley Trunk Sewer_: Passaic River became so polluted by the -sewage of Newark and other cities lying along its course from Paterson -south, that in 1896 a movement was started by Paterson and Newark -Boards of Trade, for the purification of the river. After 16 years of -litigation, 15 municipalities joined in building a great trunk sewer -to collect the sewage of towns in Passaic Valley District, carry it -across Newark Bay and discharge it into upper New York Bay. Work began -July, 1912, under direction of the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission, -authorized by act of N. J. Legislature, 1907. The cost, estimated at -$12,000,000, will be met by assessments on the municipalities joined in -the project. In 1919, 90% complete. - - -_Paving_: See Street Paving - - -_Physical Training_: Made an essential part of elementary school -curriculum, Sept., 1904. - - -_Playgrounds_: Until July, 1919, there were 3 systems of playgrounds -in Newark: 1. Under Control of Bd. of Education, conducted on school -grounds; 2. Under control of Essex Co. Park Commission on playfields in -all county parks; 3. Under control of Dept. of Playgrounds, under the -Bd. of Recreation Commissioners. The last are generally called "City -Playgrounds". - -In July, 1919, control of the city playgrounds passed to the Bd. of -Education, a transfer under active consideration for a number of months. - - -_Playgrounds, City_: The Bd. of Playground Commissioners was established -by act of N. J. Legislature, 1907, to provide playgrounds and recreation -places. It was composed of 5 members appointed for 5 years. In 1915 -the name was changed to Bd. of Recreation Commissioners, in charge of -playgrounds and public baths. Under commission government this board was -responsible to the Dept. of Public Affairs, but in 1919, as has been -stated, control and ownership of the city playgrounds passed to the Bd. -of Education in line with the carrying out of a comprehensive recreation -program. - - 1. Canal St., Canal & Commerce Sts. - 113' × 112'. Owned. Opened Oct. 1, 1907. - - 2. Prince St., Prince St. & Waverly Ave. - 100' × 103'. Owned (partly). Opened May 1, 1908. - - 3. Newton St., Nos. 68-70 Newton St. - 100' × 100'. Owned. Opened Dec. 10, 1908. - - 4. Lafayette St., Lafayette St. & N. J. R. R. Ave. - 210' × 90'. Leased. Opened Sept. 6, 1911 (closed). - - 5. Oliver St., Oliver & Chestnut Sts. - 156' × 241'. Leased. Opened Sept. 6, 1912. - - 6. Belleville Ave., Belleville & Arlington Aves. - 149' × 359'. Leased. Opened Aug. 15, 1913 (closed). - - 7. Summer Ave., Summer Ave. & D'Auria St. - 50' × 99'. Lent. Opened Sept. 17, 1913. - - 8. Vailsburg. So. Orange Ave. & Boylan St. - 518' × 235'. Owned. Opened July 24, 1915. - - 9. Avon Ave., Avon Ave. & So. 10th St. - 246' × 175'. Lent. Opened 1915 (closed). - - 10. Broad St., Bet. Emmet & Wright Sts. - 118' × 89'. Leased. Opened Sept. 1, 1915. - - 11. Morton St., Morton St. & College Pl. & Howard St. - 87' × 121'. Lent. Opened Dec. 1, 1914. - - 12. West End, So. Orange Ave. & 12th St. - 550' × 530'. Lent. Opened Sept., 1916 (closed). - - 13. East Side, Wilson Ave. - Owned. Opened July 1, 1918. - - -_Police Department_: - - _1904_ _1919_ - 444 members of force. 842 members of force. - 4 precincts. 8 precincts. - 6 bicycle officers. 29 motorcycle officers. - 8 mounted officers. 29 mounted officers. - - 1910. Oct. 1, Autos replaced horse-drawn vehicles. - - 1916. Replacement completed. - - 1919. 17 autos. - - 1904. Cost of administration, $ 509,644. - - 1918. " " " $1,414,098. - -First policewoman appointed Aug. 1, 1918. 3 on force Aug., 1919. Called -in cases involving the handling of girls or women. - - -_Poor and Alms Department and Almshouse Survey_: Made by Dept. of -Surveys and Exhibits--Russell Sage Foundation under direction of Francis -H. McLean, 1918-1919. Considers whole family welfare problem of the -city,--poverty, relief and social agencies. $1,400 appropriated by Bd. of -Commissioners for Work. - - -_Population_: - - 1904. 272,000, Bd. of Health estimate. - 1905. 283,000, State Census. - 1910. 347,469, Federal " - 1915. 366,729, State " - 1918. 430,000, Bd. of Health estimate. - - -_Port Newark_: Development involved: (1) Reclamation of 4,000 acres of -tide marshland on Newark Bay. (2) Construction of ship channel 7,000 -ft. long, 400 ft. wide at bottom, and 20 ft. deep at mean low water, -the channel to extend into marshland for a distance of ½ to 1 mile. (3) -Building of dock frontage of 4,500 ft. with derricks, tracks, and other -equipment for handling freight. (4) Building of pier 1,200 ft. long and -150 ft. wide, extending into bay from end of dock, equipped with tracks, -etc., to accommodate ocean vessels. (5) Railway distributing and transfer -system covering the reclaimed area and connecting with at least 3 trunk -lines. Central Railroad of N. J., Pennsylvania and Lehigh Valley already -cross this area. (6) At least 1 wide paved avenue of approach from center -of city. - -Actual work begun March, 1914. Under City Dept. of Docks and Meadows, -with Morris R. Sherrerd, Chief Engineer, and James C. Hallock, engineer -in charge. Funds provided by $2,000,000 bond issue authorized by N. J. -Legislature. - -Oct. 20, 1915, named Port Newark Terminal Day and declared a public -holiday by the Mayor. Marked by first public inspection of the work. - -U. S. government in 1917 leased land in this area for Submarine Boat -Corporation and also 133 acres for the Quartermaster's Supply Depot. - -Course of development changed by war, and future plans now uncertain. - -See also Shipbuilding. - - -_Postal Service_: - - _1904_ _1918_ - Sub-stations 26 68 - Carriers 170 328 - Pieces of mail handled 85,978,300 181,584,236 - Total receipts $634,197 $2,115,549.87 - -Opening of aerial mail station at Heller Field in Forest Hill Section, -originally set for July 1, 1919, has been postponed. - - -_Prices, Food_: - - _1904_ _1914_ _1918_ - Rib Roast (per lb.) (Not available for Newark) $.22 $.39 - Flour, wheat (per lb.) .03 .07 - Eggs (per doz.) .35 .52 - Butter (per lb.) .33 .55 - Sugar (per lb.) .05 .09 - Milk (per qt.) .09 .14 - - -_Prison Reform_: (Here are recorded a few facts about N. J. procedure, -selected because of their connection with the administration of law for -Newark. Complete review of state conditions and progress will be found -in the Report of the Prison Inquiry Commission, published 1917.) - -Indeterminate Sentence: Or sentence to imprisonment without a fixed time -for its termination. Adopted by act of N. J. Legislature April 21, 1911. -Is in accordance with the principle that imprisonment is primarily for -reformation and that offenders should be released as soon as they have -shown themselves again ready to be fit members of society. Provides for -a maximum and minimum term, the maximum varying with nature of offense -and the minimum not less than a year and not more than two-thirds of the -maximum. - -Prior to 1911 this practice had applied only to the State Reformatory. - -Prison Labor: Law abolishing private contract system of labor directing -that work of convicts should be employed in manufacture of goods for -state-use was passed by N. J. Legislature, June 7, 1911. Prison Labor -Commission created March 28, 1912, to direct development of "state-use" -system and control its operation, but without sufficient authority to -assure its success. Act passed, April 4, 1913, provided that unfilled -contracts might be continued until state-use industries had been -established. In view of the practical failure to introduce "state-use" -system within the prisons, outside employment of prisoners was authorized -by act of April 11, 1910, and subsequent amendments. Since 1913, 4 road -camps have been opened for employment of convicts on state roads and -have proved a relative success. Farming has also proved profitable. This -system not only aims to prevent waste of state resources but to provide -industrial training for inmates of correctional institutions of the state. - -Employment of county prisoners and payment of earnings to their families -was provided for by N. J. law passed 1915. Wardens of jails are -instructed to give preference to men serving terms for nonsupport. At -Essex Co. jail in Newark, $3,000 or $4,000 have thus been contributed to -prisoners' families otherwise left destitute. Benefits will increase as -practice is further systematized. - -Probation System: Probation and suspended sentence first introduced by -act of Legislature, April 2, 1906. Authorizes courts and magistrates to -suspend sentence of persons convicted of criminal offenses, to release -them on probation and for such time and under such conditions as the -court determines instead of imposing penalty provided by the law. -Reformatory for Women, N. J. State: At Clinton Farms, Hunterdon Co. -Provided for by act of N. J. Legislature, 1910. Opened Jan., 1913. To -which the criminal court judges may, at their discretion, send females -about the age of 17, who have committed a State Prison offense. Aims to -return women to a self-respecting, self-supporting life. All commitments -are for an indefinite term limited only by the maximum period of -imprisonment fixed by law. - -Social Investigation: Investigation of social facts regarding prisoners -to be sentenced and circumstances attending Crime was begun in 1908. -Made part of probation office work. No sentence is now passed by Essex -Co. Court judge until a written statement of all such facts has been -presented. Judge no longer tries to make the punishment fit the crime but -to make the punishment fit the prisoner and restore him to his normal -place in society. - - -_Probation System_: See Delinquent Children: Prison Reform - - -_Public Baths_: See Baths, Public - - -_Public Comfort Station_: See Comfort Station, Public - - -_Public Lectures_: See Lectures, Public - - -_Public Schools_: See Schools, Public - - -_Public Service Corporation of N. J._: Maintains gas, electric and -railway departments. Through its subsidiary companies it furnishes gas, -electric light and power, and street railway facilities to most of the -people of the state. - -See also Public Service Terminal; Trolleys. - - -_Public Service Terminal_: Work on new Public Service Terminal, Park Pl., -begun June 24, 1914. Opened for street railway operation, April 30, 1916. -Cost, $5,000,000. Terminal arrangements and tunnel system are President -Thomas N. McCarter's solution of Newark's traffic problem, especially -at the "Four Corners". It is estimated that 400 cars, carrying in both -directions 50,000 people, may pass in and out of the Terminal during one -hour. - -See also Trolleys. - - -_Reformatory for Women, N. J. State_: See Prison Reform - - -_"Safety First" and the Schools_: American Safety League gave talks in -all public schools, Feb., 1912, distributing blue and white buttons to -pupils as reminders of the organization in which they are enrolled. - -N. J. Legislature passed a law that school children be instructed in self -protection and accident prevention, April 7, 1913. - -Complying with this law, N. J. Dept. of Public Instruction issued a -monograph for use in schools on "Dangers and Safeguards," Feb., 1915. -Prepared in collaboration with Newark Bur. of Combustibles and Fire -Risks, Public Service Corporation, Employers' Liability Commission and -State Bd. of Health, teaches how fires may be prevented, many street -and railway accidents avoided, industrial workers safeguarded, diseases -combated and first aid administered. - -Law providing that no vehicle should travel at a greater speed than six -miles an hour when approaching a schoolhouse, provided signs easily -visible were placed on the highway, indicating school locations, passed -by N. J. Legislature, April 6, 1915. - -Public Service Corporation furthered "Safely First" campaign by talks in -public and parochial schools, May, 1915. - -Public School Safety Patrol established April, 1917. A member of the -city police force has charge of this work under attendance department of -Bd. of Education. Members are appointed each term from students of upper -grades in schools. A chief is chosen in each school. The chief and other -members take a pledge and each is furnished with an arm band as emblem -of authority. There are 50 girls and 600 boys in the force. Duties: To -prevent taking of unnecessary risks by pupils in going to and returning -from school; To guard younger children against traffic accidents and to -prevent disorderly conduct among school children on the street; To aid in -keeping streets and sidewalks clean. - -48% decrease from previous year in number of accidents by cars to -children going to and from school in Newark, Feb.-Sept., 1918, credited -to instruction by Safety League. - - -_School Houses as Social Centers_: Authorized by rules adopted by Bd. of -Education, Aug. 31, 1915, under act of N. J. Legislature, passed, 1913. -First used as polling places in 1917 primaries. - - -_School Names Changed_: - - Alyea St. to Binet No. 3. - Ann St. " John Catlin. - Coes Pl. " Binet No. 2. - Park Ave. " Dayton. - 18th Ave. " Milford. - Elliot St. " Elliot. - 15th Ave. " Moses Bigelow. - Hamburg Pl. (Wilson Ave.) " Monteith. - Hawthorne Ave. " Hawthorne. - Lafayette St. " Lafayette. - Madison St. " Madison. - Miller St. " Hamilton. - Montgomery St. " Montgomery. - Morton St. " Joseph E. Haynes. - Newton St. " Newton. - No. 7th St. " Garfield. - Oliver St. " Carteret. - Peshine Ave. " Berkeley. - Ridge St. " Ridge. - 7th Ave. " McKinley. - State St. " Binet No. 1. - 13th Ave. " Robert Treat. - Webster St. " Webster. - - -_School Savings Banks_: Purpose: To inculcate and encourage thrift. - -Essential features of plan: To have pupils themselves manage banks' work -as far as possible. - -To organize a board of savings bank directors, appointed for each school -by its principal. - -To place school accounts, over $1.00, with such Newark banks as have -endorsed the school bank plan. - -To open individual accounts with the same banks for those pupils who have -deposited a sum that shall be thought sufficient and to require that no -sum be withdrawn without the parent's written consent. - -1st bank established in East Side High School, March, 1915. - -Randall Law, authorizing school savings banks, passed by N. J. -Legislature, Feb., 1916. - -9 schools, now operating school banks: East Side High, Central High, -Abington Ave., Cleveland, Lafayette, Monteith, Newton St., Warren St., -Washington St. - - _Total to_ - _1917-18_ _July, 1918_ - Deposits made $14,082.83 $29,855.57 - Interest credited 78.66 188.43 - Transferred to local banks 9,492.20 16,305.70 - Withdrawn by pupils 4,777.99 9,207.97 - Balance in banks 4,528.33 - No. of depositors 2,461 7,312 - Depositors closing accts. 1,847 2,529 - Remaining depositors 4,783 - - * * * * * - -Idea originated in Belgium. Introduced in U. S. in Beloit, Wis., 1876. -Permanently established in U. S. by John Henry Thiry, a Belgian, 1885. -Amount of school deposits in U. S., $5,000,000, 1915. - - -_School Survey_: Made by Bur. of Municipal Research under direction of -Essex Co. Public Welfare Committee and with approval of Bd. of Education, -1914. - - -_Schools, Parochial_: - - _1904_ _1919_ - Total number of pupils enrolled 7,202 14,741 - Teaching force: - Sisters 114 229 - Brothers 8 9 - Lay Teachers 14 31 - Number of schools 21 26 - -Rev. John A. Dillon was appointed superintendent of schools for the -Diocese of Newark, January 2nd, 1910. - - -_Schools, Public_: - - _1903-04_ _1918-19_ - Total number of pupils enrolled 43,742 75,461 - High school enrollment 1,264 5,398 - Evening school enrollment 7,377 12,100 - Summer school enrollment (1904) 8,546 19,199 (1919) - Teaching force (day schools) 967 2,071 - Number of schools 56 69 - Number of high schools 1 4-Senior - 3-Junior - Number of evening schools 15 23 - Number of summer schools (1904) 15 34 (1919) - -Dr. David B. Corson was elected superintendent July 1, 1918, to succeed -Dr. Addison B. Poland, city superintendent from 1901 until his death, -Sept. 15, 1917. - -See also under name of subject, All-Year School, etc. - -_Shade Tree Commission_: Organized, 1904. Composed of three members, -residents, appointed by mayor to serve without compensation. Charged -(1) with planting, care, protection and maintenance of street trees. (2) -with care, maintenance and improvement of the parks. Under commission -government, known as Shade Tree Div. of Dept. of Parks and Public -Property. - - _1904_ _1918_ - Shade trees on highways 36,800 66,000 - Shade trees set out 750 30,580 - -Trees sprayed against insect enemies by Shade Tree Commission as part of -its routine work at request of property owners, without charge. Cost of -spraying, about 15 cents a tree. - -Trees are planted along streets where more shade seems to the Commission -desirable. Property owner in front of whose property tree is placed -assessed for the cost of the tree and planting, recently averaging about -$5 a tree. Called "assessment planting". Assessment collected as are -other taxes. When owners ask to have trees planted on their property, -expense is met by bill rendered to owner. Price varies with size of tree, -but averages $5. Called "request planting". - -See also Parks, City; Parkways. - - -_Shipbuilding_: Since Sept., 1917, the Submarine Boat Corporation at Port -Newark has equipped, set in motion and run at high speed a plant covering -113 acres and requiring the services of 15,000 workers. - -By July 31, 1919, 63 boats had been launched. - -"Agawam", the first modern steamship built by the company, was launched -at Port Newark, May 30, 1918. - -See also Port Newark Terminal. - - -_Ship Yard Workers, Evening Classes for_: Established by Bd. of -Education, Jan. 2, 1919, at Robert Treat, Central, East Side and -Bergen St. High Schools, Boys' Vocational School and Fawcett School of -Industrial Arts. - - -_Smoke Abatement Department_: Established, 1907, to prevent unhealthful -and unsightly clouds of dense smoke and soot. Under commission -government, a division of the Dept. of Parks and Public Property. - - -_Social Service Survey_: Searching investigation of population, municipal -administration, social influences, industrial conditions, community -problems--saloons, dance halls, crime, housing, health, political -life,--and public and private charities. Made by John P. Fox for Men and -Religion Forward Movement. Oct. 21-Dec. 7, 1911. Limited edition of typed -copies. - - -_Statues and Monuments_: (For list complete to 1914, see Bd. of Education -Leaflet No. 31, Sculpture and Stone Carving in Newark.) - -Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. Bronze bust erected in Branch Brook Park -on promenade in front of Barringer High School. By J. M. Didusch. -First prize awarded to United Singers of Newark at twentieth National -Saengerfest, Baltimore, Md., 1903, and presented by them to the city. -Erected, May 22, 1904. - -Robert F. Ballantine. Bronze bas-relief. In Eye and Ear Infirmary, -Central Ave. By Jonathan Scott Harley. Unveiled June, 1906. - -Liberty Pole erected in 1793 in Military Park, replaced by present iron -mast, 112 feet high; dedicated Thanksgiving Day, 1906. - -Court House Statues. 8 marble figures symbolizing aspects of Law on front -of building and 2 heroic bronze figures representing Power and Truth -beside the steps. By Andrew O'Connor, Jr. Court house erected in 1907. - -Mgr. George Hobart Doane, for fifty years rector of St. Patrick's -Cathedral. Bronze statue in Rector Park, opposite Trinity Church. By -William C. Noble. Erected by popular subscription. Unveiled, Jan. 9, 1908. - -Wisdom instructing the Children of Men. High relief in bronze over -entrance of Free Public Library. By John Flanagan. Subscriptions raised -by Mgr. Doane. Placed, May, 1909. - -Abraham Lincoln. Bronze statue. By Gutzon Borglum. On Court House plaza, -where Newark citizens of 1861 met and pledged themselves to help preserve -the Union. Bequest of Amos H. Van Horn, citizen of Newark, soldier in -the Union army, and member of the Lincoln Post, G. A. R. Dedicated by -surviving members of the Post. Tendered to the city by Ex-President -Theodore Roosevelt and unveiled Memorial Day, 1911. - -George Washington. Bronze equestrian statue in Washington Park. By J. -Massey Rhind. Bequest of Amos H. Van Horn. Unveiled, Nov. 2, 1912. - -John F. Dryden, founder of the Prudential Insurance Co. and pioneer of -industrial insurance in America. Bronze statue, a third more than life -size, called heroic, in rotunda of main Prudential building. By Karl -Bitter. Given by field and home office force. Unveiled, Sept. 24, 1913. - -Normal School, Grotesques. Eight decorative figures representing -Mathematics, Study, Botany, Thought, Chemistry, Writing, Music, History. -By G. Grandelis. Placed around cornice. Aug., 1912. - -"The Hiker". Bronze statue in memory of Spanish-American War soldiers, at -Clinton and Belmont Aves. By Allen G. Newman. Given by United Spanish War -Veterans. Unveiled, Memorial Day, 1914. - -"Our Lady of Loretto", limestone statue, on 3rd story front of Loretto -Hall, hotel for working girls, on Belleville Ave., near 4th Ave. By -Alfred Kenney. Given by Rev. F. M. O'Neil, of St. Michael's Church. -Placed, Aug. 31, 1915. - -Branford Place Shaft. To mark center of first settlement near first -church, college and court house. Shaft for street illumination, with -bronze tablets on isle of safety, Branford Place. By Gutzon Borglum. -Erected by 250th Anniversary Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled, May 10, -1916. - -Colleoni. Full-sized reproduction in bronze and marble of the world's -most famous equestrian statue and pedestal of Bartolomeo Colleoni, by -Verrocchio, the original of which stands in Venice. Erected in Clinton -Park, opposite Lincoln Park. Given by Christian W. Feigenspan. Made under -direction of J. Massey Rhind. Unveiling, July 26, 1916, a feature of the -250th Anniversary celebration. - -Puritans' Landing Place. Drinking fountain at foot of Saybrook Place. -Designed by Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anniversary Committee of One -Hundred. Unveiled, May 10, 1916. - -Puritan and Indian. Bronze shaft for street illumination, with stone -figures of Indian and Puritan at base, site of old Market Place, Broad -St. at Bridge. By Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anniversary Committee -of One Hundred. Unveiled, May 10, 1916. - -Stone seat in Military Park to mark Training Place site, set aside in -1669. Military Park was used for training soldiers in colonial days. -Given by N. J. Daughters of the Revolution. Unveiled, May 13, 1916. - - -_Street Names Changed_: During war period, 1917-18. - - Hamburg Pl. to Wilson Ave. - Bismarck Ave. to Pershing Ave. - Dresden St. to London St. - Bremen St. to Marne St. - Berlin St. to Rome St. - Frankfort St. to Paris St. - - -_Street Paving_: Market St. repaved with bitulithic pavement from Court -House to Pennsylvania Railroad Station. Paved from Railroad Pl. to Broad -St., in 1911. Paved from Broad St. west to Pierson's Alley and work -completed, June 29, 1912. - -Broad St. repaved with wood block from Belleville Ave. to South St. Work -begun June, 1914. Completed, Oct. 5, 1914. - - Total mileage of paved streets, Jan. 1, 1904, 151.17 miles. - " " " " " Jan. 1, 1919, 269.22 miles. - - -Activities, Repair Dept., 1904 - - Repairs to bridges $ 1,106.54 - Supervision of sidewalks 846.00 - Repairs to crosswalks 2,910.98 - Repairs to pavements other than asphalt 9,179.06 - Asphalt pavement repairs 5,915.64 - ----------- - $ 19,958.22 - - -Activities, Repair Dept., 1918 - - Granite pavements repaired, 21,908 sq. yds. $ 18,314.57 - Brick pavement repaired, 5,755 sq. yds. 8,283.08 - Telford pavement repaired, 21,897 sq. yds. 7,517.57 - Wood block pavement repaired, 529 sq. yds. 1,054.54 - Asphalt pavement repaired, 37,970 sq. yds. 80,199.69 - Building safety isles 1,228.79 - Stone crusher, producing 1,225 cu. yds. broken stone 1,826.62 - Cross walks laid and relaid 1,537.62 - Streets graded by hand 1,252.39 - Repairing roads with broken stone 9,247.23 - Miscellaneous repairs 20,864.06 - ----------- - $151,326.16 - - -Sidewalks, 1918 - - Cost of supervision $ 2,612.00 - Cost of work done under city contract 334.77 - ---------- - $ 2,946.77 - -On account of war conditions little work was ordered by city. Property -owners under city supervision laid walks costing about $15,000. - - -_Summer High Schools_: Opened at Barringer High School, 1914, with -947 students. 1st and 2nd year classes only. 1915, full 4 year course -introduced. 1919 enrollment, 1,520 students, with 800 at Central High -School and 720 at Barringer. - - -_Surveys_: See Boys' Vocational School; Poor and Alms Department and -Almshouse Survey; Public School Survey; Social Service Survey. - - -_Tablets, Memorial_: (The tablets noted as given by Schoolmen's Club -were after first year purchased from a penny fund collected from school -children, but were erected under direction of the Club.) - -Gen. Philip Kearny, for service rendered Italian nation, 1859, when he -fought with forces that drove Austria from the peninsula. Placed on -Kearny statue in Military Park. Given by Italians in Newark, Memorial -Day, 1911. - -John Catlin, Newark's first schoolmaster. Placed at Broad and Commerce -Sts., where he opened his first school in 1876. Given by Schoolmen's -Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 6, 1911. - -Gen. Philip Kearny, New Jersey leader in the Civil War. Placed on Normal -School (built on site of Kearny homestead), Belleville and 4th Aves., -1912. Given by Bd. of Education. - -Robert Treat, founder of Newark. Placed on Kinney building, on site of -Robert Treat's home lot, at Broad and Market Sts., by Schoolmen's Club. -Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 4, 1912. - -John G. Shea, Catholic historian. Placed on St. Patrick's' Cathedral by -Knights of Columbus, Columbus Day, 1912. - -Camp Frelinghuysen, used by the Union volunteers in 1861. Set in boulder -in Branch Brook Park nearly opposite Barringer High School, on west side -of lake, for lack of suitable spot on actual site of original training -quarters, which extended west of park from Lackawanna Railroad toward -Bloomfield Ave. Given by pupils of Barringer High School. Unveiled, May -29, 1912. - -Elias G. Heller, who built first schoolhouse in Forest Hill. Placed in -Ridge St. School. Given by his sons. Unveiled, Feb. 11, 1913. - -First Meeting House, built in 1668. Placed on building on south side of -Branford Pl., near Broad St. Given by Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark -Day, Nov. 3, 1913. - -First Sunday School, founded by Anna Richards, 1814. Placed by First -Presbyterian Church, on exterior wall of Sunday School building, So. -Broad St., opp. Branford Pl. To mark centennial of school's founding. -Dedicated, June Sunday, June 13, 1915. - -Work of Jane E. Johnson in Newark schools. Placed in Normal School, -Belleville and 4th Aves. Given by Nathaniel King, of Bd. of Education, -May 13, 1914. - -Washington's route from Philadelphia to Cambridge in 1775, to take -command of Continental Army. Placed on Firemen's building, Broad -and Market Sts., June 25, 1914. Given by N. J. Sons of the American -Revolution. - -Hannibal Goodwin, inventor of photographic film and Newark clergyman. -Placed in Public Library corridor by Newark Camera Club, Nov. 28, 1914. - -Washington's retreat in 1776. Placed on Trinity Church by N. J. Sons of -American Revolution, March 7, 1914. - -Newark's part in War for American Independence. Placed on Prudential -Building by Schoolmen's Club, Flag Day, 1915. - -Rev. Moses Newell Combs, pioneer in industrial education and first shoe -manufacturer in Newark. Dedicated, Newark Day, Nov. 1, 1915, and placed -on building at 75 Market St., by Schoolmen's Club, March 10, 1916. - -Aaron Burr's parsonage, where first classes of College of New Jersey, now -Princeton University, were held, 1748-1756. Placed on Koenig building, -Broad and William Sts., by Princeton Club, May 10, 1916. - -Revolutionary camping ground, in Phillips Park. Set in a boulder from Fox -Hill. Given by N. J. Daughters of American Revolution, May 19, 1916. - -Site of first academy in city built in 1774 by gifts of citizens. Set in -boulder in Washington Park. Given by Newark Academy. Placed, July 19, -1916. Dedicated the following fall. - -Col. Peter Schuyler, leader of "Jersey Blues". Set in boulder in Military -Park. Given by N. J. Society of the Order of the Founders and Patriots of -America. Unveiled, Flag Day, 1916. - -Justice Joseph Hedden, Revolutionary martyr. Placed on building at 536 -Broad St., site of Hedden Colonial home. Given by Barringer High School -students. Unveiled, May 25, 1916. - -Divident Hill in Weequahic Park, where boundary between Newark and -Elizabeth was fixed in 1668. Placed on exterior of small marble building. -Given by pupils of South Side High School. Unveiled, May 20, 1916. - -Spot where Lincoln spoke on journey to his inauguration in 1861. Placed -at Broad and Division Sts., by Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, -Nov. 6, 1916. - -Newark founders who were Congregationalists. Placed in First -Congregational Jube Memorial Church, Clinton Ave. and Wright St., by its -members, May 10, 1916. - -Participation of Newark men in the European war. Placed on City Hall by -Schoolmen's Club, Newark Day, Nov. 5, 1917. - -Barringer boys who gave their services to their country in the great -world war. Given and placed in Barringer High School auditorium by -pupils, alumni and teachers of the school. Unveiled, Memorial Day, 1919. - - -_Technical School_: Given right to grant its graduates collegiate degrees -in science, Jan. 4, 1919. Name changed to College of Technology. - - -_Telephones_: - - _1904_ _1918_ - Instruments in use 8,935 41,567 - Local calls, 1905 11,387,490 39,797,745 - Out of town calls, 1905 1,591,785 7,858,685 - - -_Trade, Board of_: Unofficial organization; present membership, 1,500; -established, 1868, to promote industrial, commercial and financial -welfare of Newark. - -The following summary by the board, represents their interests during the -past fifteen years: - - 1904. Advocated legislation which created Tenement House Commission. - - 1905. Started agitation for building of Central High School. - - Obtained appropriation for 12 ft. depth in Passaic River. - - 1906. Advocated law limiting public franchise rights to 25 years. - - 1907. Brought about creation of Bur. of Combustibles and Fire - Risks. - - 1908. Obtained extension of high pressure system. - - 1909. Caused city to start a public bath house system, by establishing - one. - - Caused city to start a municipal employment bureau. - - 1910. Obtained medical inspection in public schools. - - 1911. Started agitation for improvement of Plank Road, later carried - out. - - 1912. Held successful Industrial Exposition. - - Lighterage case begun by Board. - - Directory of "Newark Made Goods", published at cost of - $10,000. - - 1913. Brought about establishing of Federal Court in Newark. - - Influence of Board used to establish Public Service Terminal. - - New Jersey sea-level ship canal advocated. - - 1914. Opposed purchase of East Jersey Water Plant, and advocated - Wanaque extension. - - Opposed placing Newark in the Philadelphia Regional Bank - Zone. - - Filed complaint against detrimental credit loan companies. - - 1915. Favored excess condemnation. - - Filed formal complaint in lighterage case. - - Protested against increase in Ferry tolls on Hudson River. - - 1916. Opposed site proposed for Memorial building. Held a successful - "Buy-in-Newark Week". - - Started agitation for safety isles in Broad St. - - 1917. Had bill introduced in the U. S. Senate providing for dependents - of soldiers. - - Favored connection of Hudson and Manhattan and Public - Service Railway lines. - - Obtained $10,000 appropriation from Board of Freeholders - for surveys for vehicular tunnels under Hudson. - - Created sentiment for Commission government. - - 1918. Sought government aid in providing homes for industrial - workers. - - Outlined an industrial labor policy. - - -_Transportation_: See Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; Jitneys; Lincoln -Highway; Public Service Terminal; Trolleys. - - -_Trees, Memorial_: Doane Oak. Planted in Lincoln Park by Shade Tree -Commission, 1907. In memory of Mgr. George Hobart Doane (1830-1905), -rector of St. Patrick's Cathedral, and one of the most widely known -Catholic ecclesiastics in the country. - -Lincoln Highway Sycamores. 40, set out on Lincoln Highway, near Plank -Road Bridge, April, 1917, by N. J. State Federation of Women's Clubs. - -State Federation of Women's Clubs Sycamore. Planted on City Hall Plaza in -honor of Federation, by The Contemporary, April, 1917. - -Roosevelt Oak. Planted by Boy Scouts in Washington Park, May 3, 1919. In -memory of Theodore Roosevelt, president of U. S., Sept. 14, 1901-1909. -Born, Oct. 27, 1858. Died, Jan. 6, 1919. - - -_Trolleys_: - - _1904_ _1918_ - Essex Division - (Includes Essex Co. - & West Hudson towns) - Miles of tracks 198.2 227.2 - No. of cars 362 658[C] - Passengers carried 88,215,000 174,154,820 - -[C] All cars put in service during last ten years were much larger than -those formerly used. - -Opening of new trolley terminal April 30, 1916, one of the most important -improvements in system since Corporation was formed in 1903. See also -Public Service Terminal. - -Women first employed as conductors, 1918. War measure due to labor -shortage. - -Skip-stops instituted at request of national and state fuel -administrators, April 1, 1918. Another war measure. - -Port Newark route to and from Submarine Boat Corporation, first operated, -Sept. 1918. - -Strike of motormen and conductors for increased wages called June 6, -1918. Arbitrated by National Labor Bd. Service resumed June 8. Second -strike, March 12-17, 1919. - -Transfer charge in addition to 5 cent fare first authorized April 1, -1918. 7 cent fare raise effective, October 15, 1918. Reduction to 6 cents -with 1 cent extra charge for transfer, April 1, 1919. 7 cent fare with 1 -cent extra charge for transfer restored, May 4, 1919. - - -_Tuberculosis, Campaign Against_: State Tuberculosis Sanatorium at Glen -Gardner, Hunterdon Co., provided for by act of N. J. Legislature, 1902. -Building completed, 1907. Cost, $300,000. $89,500 appropriated for new -buildings, 1912. - -City Sanatorium for Incipient Tuberculosis, Verona, was opened Jan., -1908, in the remodelled girl's cottage of the City Home, which had been -discarded for that use. - -Newark Anti-Tuberculosis Assoc., 45 Clinton St., established Feb. 1, -1909. To educate public concerning prevention and treatment. Employs -nurses to visit patients discharged from state home at Glen Gardner. - -Tuberculosis Dept. of Essex Co. Hospital for Contagious Diseases at Soho, -was opened May, 1911. - -N. J. Anti-Tuberculosis League, 45 Clinton St., organized Oct. 16, -1913, to take place of former state association. A clearing house of -information, publicity bureau, education, aid, etc. - -Bur. of Tuberculosis, established as separate department of the Newark -Bd. of Health, July, 1915, has reorganized city sanatorium, maintains -additional clinics and investigates housing conditions. - - -_Tunnels_: See Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; Vehicular Tunnel - - -_250th Anniversary_: The first settlers, led by Robert Treat, came to -Newark from Connecticut, May 17, 1666. In 1916, from May 1 to Oct. 31, -the city celebrated its 250th birthday with a succession of ceremonies -and festivities. - -Preliminary plans were laid in 1914, when the N. J. Legislature approved -an act, March 9, providing for such a celebration. In accordance with -this act, and by authority granted under an ordinance of the Common -Council, Mayor Haussling, in the summer of the same year, appointed -the Committee of One Hundred to raise money and plan, through its -sub-committees, for the anniversary program. - -Newark and the forthcoming celebration became subjects of national -interest and importance. Thousands of people from all over the country -entered competitions for the best posters and poems, symbolizing the -city's history and industrial progress. The competitions resulted in the -spread of information about Newark and brought recognition of the city's -standing. - -The most notable single feature of the anniversary was the Pageant of -Newark, an historic and allegorical review of the growth of the city, -presented in Weequahic Park. - -There were innumerable parades, of which none was more pleasing to the -spectators, or more creditable to the city, than the School Children's -Parade, June 6. - -Annual or recurrent events like the Music Festival and Industrial -Exposition were included in the anniversary program and made particularly -attractive. - -230 athletes from all parts of the United States and Canada participated -in the athletic events held at Weequahic Park, September 8, 9 and 16, and -succeeded in breaking six world records. The Ninth International Fly and -Bait Casting Tournament, held in Newark, Aug. 23-26, was likewise a great -success. Athletic meets of all kinds were the order of the summer months. - -As was natural, Newark became the popular convention city for 1916, all -manner of organizations being glad to avail themselves of the special -attractions offered their members. - - -_250th Anniversary Competitions_: - -1. Street & Building Decorations. Committee of 100 offered $500 for best -plan submitted. Won by Jordan Green, architect, 81 Lincoln Park, Newark. - -2. Poetry. Poems on Newark and its 250th Anniversary. Committee of 100 -offered $250, 1st prize; $150, 2nd; $100 3rd; 10 prizes of $50 each. -1st prize, Clement Wood (Vulcan Smith, pseud.), New York City, "Smithy -of God". 2nd prize, Anna Blake Mezquida (Anne Grinfill, pseud.), San -Francisco, Cal., "City of Heritage". 3rd prize, Albert E. Trombly (Edmond -St. Hilaire, pseud.), Philadelphia, Pa., "Newark--1916". These poems -and many others have since been collected in a volume entitled, "Newark -Anniversary Poems". Published, 1917. Price, $1.25. - -3. Poster. Committee of 100 offered $1,000, 1st prize; $500, 2nd; $300, -Special, awarded by popular vote. 1st prize won by Adolph Treidler, New -York City, "Robert Treat directing the landing of settlers in Newark"; -2nd, won by Helen Dryden, of New York City; Special, won by E. A. -Foringer, of Grantwood, N. J. - -4. New York Times Essay on Newark History. Open to pupils in public, -private and parochial schools. $10 selection of books, prize for high -school winners; Tiffany silver medals, prizes for grade school winners. -1,000 prizes awarded. - -5. Photography. Newark Camera Club conducted "Amateur Photographic -Contest and Exhibition". Grand prize for best picture of entire exhibit, -solid silver loving cup, donated by Franklin Murphy, Chairman of -Committee of 100; 4 gold and 4 silver medals as first and second awards -for pictures in four classes--Class A, Street Decorations and Parades; -Class B, Night Illuminations; Class C, Feigenspan Colleoni Statue; Class -D, Miscellaneous. Grand prize won by Edward J. Brown, member of the Club. -Class A. 1st prize, Edward J. Brown; 2nd, Peter J. Schweikert; Class B, -1st prize, Edward J. Brown; 2nd, George Hahn, Jr.; Class C, 1st prize, -Reuben B. Ashderian; 2nd, George Hahn, Jr.; Class D, 1st prize, Alfred R. -Jayson; 2nd, Edward J. Brown. - -6. Emblem. Committee of 100 offered $50, 1st prize; $30, 2nd; $20, 3rd. -Open to pupils of all schools in Newark. - -7. City Flag. Committee of 100 offered $100 prize. Open to any resident -of N. J. - - -_250th Anniversary Industrial Exposition_: See Exhibitions - - -_250th Anniversary Music Festival_: See Music Festival, 1916 - - -_250th Anniversary Notable Parades_: Opening day, May 1, 1916, at 10 a. -m. Local National Guard, Boy Scouts and other organizations, with Gen. -Edwin C. Hine, commanding. - -Founder's Day, May 17, 1916, at 2 p. m. N. J. National Guard, civic -organizations and fraternal bodies. - -School Children's, June 6, 1916, at 2 p. m. 11,000 public and 4,000 -parochial school children. Time, 3½ hours. Included 22 historical and -symbolic floats, 23 bands, 12 fife and drum corps. - - -_250th Anniversary Pageant_: Pageant of Newark by Thomas Wood Stevens. - -4,000 performers. - -Given May 30, 31, June 1, 2, 1916, at 8 p. m., in Weequahic Park. Seating -accommodations for 40,000, including 20,000 free seats. Attended by the -greatest crowds ever handled by police department. - -Prologue showed the passing of the explorers Cabot, Verrazano, Hudson, -and the Peace Legend of the original Indians of N. J. - -1st to 3rd Movements showed landing of Robert Treat, purchase of land, -land riots of 1746, revolutionary times, Marquis de Lafayette's visit, -first signs of industrial growth, and Lincoln's visit. - -4th Movement was symbolic of the forces which have shaped the life of the -city. - -Music composed for this occasion by Henry C. Hadley. - - -_250th Anniversary School Work Exhibit_: See Exhibitions - - -_Ungraded Schools_: See Delinquent Children - - -_Vacant Lot Cultivation_: - - _Acres_ _Acres_ _No._ _Value_ - _Available_ _Cultivated_ _Gardens_ _Crop_ - 1915 550 10 175 $ 4,200 - 1916 550 22 375 10,600 - 1917 540 193 3,288 114,572 - 1918 540 225 4,000 135,000 - -1918. 18,000 backyard gardens, 20' × 25', also cultivated, with total -value of crop, $180,000. 23 school garden plots planted and cared for by -pupils in manual training, physical culture and science classes. This -work is carried on by the Vacant Lot Assoc. - - -_Vailsburg_: Annexed, Jan. 1, 1905. Area thus added, 885.1 acres or 1.383 -sq. miles. - - -_Vehicular Tunnel_: Act giving power to the N. J. Inter-State Bridge -and Tunnel Commission, acting jointly with the N. Y. Commission, for -construction and operation of a tunnel for vehicular traffic under the -Hudson River, from New York to Jersey City, passed by both N. Y. and N. -J. Legislatures, 1919. - -By this means traffic congestion will be relieved, difficulties of fog -and ice overcome to a great extent, freight handled more cheaply and -mails expedited. Interstate freight traffic will no longer be entirely -dependent on ferry and barge service, as was the case during the harbor -strike in the winter of 1918. - -Gen. Goethals, builder of the Panama Canal, has estimated that a tunnel -wide enough to allow 3 trucks to travel side by side and providing for -a foot path will cost $12,000,000. Maintenance will amount to about -$125,000 annually. About 2 years will be required for construction. - -As U. S. Congress has voted against federal aid, the expense will be met -jointly by New York and New Jersey. - - -_Venereal Diseases, Bureau of--Board of Health_: Established July, 1918. -Clinics already in operation were developed, attendants and nurses -appointed. - - -_Vocational Schools_: See Boys' Vocational School; Girls' Vocational -School; Technical School. - - -_Wages_: Comparison as illustrated by 7 important trades. These figures -for Newark drawn from U. S. Bur. of Labor Statistics: - - _1904_ _1914_ _1918_ - Bricklayer - Hours per week 44 44 44 - Wages per hour $.58 $.65 $.75 - - Carpenter - Hours per week 44 44 44 - Wages per hour $.41 $.50 $.70 - - Machinist - Hours per week 54 54 50 - Wages per hour $.29 $.36 $.45 - - Moulder - Hours per week 54 54 54 - Wages per hour $.33 $.38 $.55 - - Pattern maker - Hours per week 54 44 48 - Wages per hour $.39 $.49 $.75 - - Painter - Hours per week 48 44 44 - Wages per hour $.36 $.44 $.62 - - Plumber - Hours per week 48 44 44 - Wages per hour $.44 $.62 $.75 - - -_War, The--Military Organizations_: Local enlistments are estimated: - -Army, 9,000; Navy, 4,000; Marines, 250. - -9,591 Newark men, 21-31 years of age, were called for service between -April, 1917, and Sept., 1918, under first draft. - -59,937 Newark men, 18-45 years of age, were registered for second draft, -Sept. 12, 1918. - - Casualties: (Unofficial record) Killed 120 - Died from wounds 53 - Died from disease 65 - Died from other causes 17 - Wounded 870 - Missing 27 - ----- - 1,152 - - -_War, The--Relief Organizations_: The following organizations, and many -others, did war work of all kinds. - - American Red Cross. - Y. M. C. A. - Y. W. C. A. - Knights of Columbus. - Jewish Welfare Board. - Salvation Army. - War Camp Community Service. - U. S. Food Administration. - U. S. Fuel Administration. - National League for Women's Service. - Red Cross Motor Corps. - National Service Motor Corps. - Woman's Motor Corps of America. - Catholic Women's Committee. - Contemporary Civics Committee. - Woman's Volunteer Service League (colored). - Junior Red Cross. - Girl's Patriotic League. - - -_War, The--Financial Support_: Every Newark drive for war work funds and -liberty loans was over-subscribed: - -Liberty Loans: - - _Newark's Quota_ _Raised_ - 1st May 15-June 15, 1917 $20,670,000 $23,054,300 - 2nd Oct. 1-Nov. 1, 1917 31,005,000 36,728,450 - 3rd Apr. 26-May 4, 1918 18,876,100 31,298,500 - 4th Sept. 28-Oct. 19, 1918 38,198,200 60,130,450 - 5th Apr. 21-May 10, 1919 31,225,900 41,383,450 - -Red Cross: - - 1st drive, June 18-25, 1917 750,000 784,570 - 2nd " May 20-27, 1918 750,000 1,325,000 - United War Work Drive, - Nov. 11-21, 1918 1,000,000 1,051,752 - - -_War, The--Industrial Aspect_: It is impossible to get figures covering -Newark alone. There were 4 munition plants, 3 plants making uniforms, 10 -making chemicals, 3 making military airplanes and one making ships. Some -indication of the extent of the activity induced by the war is indicated -by the number of applications received by federal--state--municipal -employment bureau. In 1917, there were 47,022, in 1918 there were 94,830, -an increase of over 101%. The following table for N. J. is included to -show the great part taken by the state in war industries. - - _Stock &_ - _Capital_ _Material_ _Goods Made_ _Wages_ - - High explosives - 1914 $13,489,358 $ 7,677,803 $ 14,330,232 $ 1,517,425 - 1917 55,316,876 37,548,303 245,816,880 24,041,236 - - Munitions - 1914 1,158,639 1,136,331 1,813,898 338,440 - 1917 25,450,672 35,924,958 47,055,229 9,688,348 - - Shipbuilding - 1914 34,286,142 4,851,539 10,475,245 4,714,375 - 1917 57,300,609 24,944,468 39,738,072 14,920,054 - - _Employees_ _Average salary earnings_ - High explosives, 1914 2,156 $ 703.81 - " " 1917 21,153 1,136.54 - Munitions 1914 609 555.73 - " 1917 14,623 662.54 - Shipbuilding 1914 6,014 783.90 - " 1917 11,545 1,292.34 - -Over 50% of all the military explosives produced in the U. S. were made -in N. J. - - -_War, The--Public School Activities_: Over a million dollars' worth of -liberty bonds were sold, and over a quarter of a million dollars' worth -of thrift stamps. - -Nearly $100,000 were contributed to the various auxiliary causes, such as -Surgical dressings, Armenian and Syrian relief. Y. M. C. A. and War Camp -Community Service. - -There were 35 Junior Red Cross organizations in schools; over twenty -thousand articles were made for the Red Cross by domestic art classes; -3,000 cards of cotton wound; and 5,000 button holes made. - -3,500 pupils enrolled in the Home Garden division of the Junior -Industrial Army. - -2,300 home gardens and 21 school gardens were cultivated. - -Many thousand magazines were collected in the schools and 20,000 text -books not needed in the schools, were given to the soldiers through the -Public Library. - -71 pupils and 26 teachers enlisted in the army and navy or other branches -of war service. - - -_War, The--Library Service_: From Sept. 1, 1917 to July 30, 1919, 41,575 -books and 201,842 magazines were collected by the Public Library, for the -army and navy. Of these 40,705 books and 42,175 magazines were sent in -over one hundred shipments, to 36 different camps, hospitals and other -military posts in N. J. For example, 6,106 books went to Camp Merritt; -1,560 to A. L. A. Dispatch Office at Hoboken for Transport Service; 842 -to Port Newark; 9,597 to Camp Dix, and over 1,500 each to Cape May Naval -Training Station, Fort Hancock, Camp Morgan and Camp Vail. The proceeds -of the sale of magazines, etc., not wanted by soldiers, were used for -purchasing technical books and magazine subscriptions for military -hospitals. - -The three "book drives" were in Sept., 1917; May, 1918, and May, 1919. - - -_War, The--Notable Parades_: Universal Service Registration Day, June 5, -1917. To mark enrollment of the first draft army, 7,000 school children -marched in the morning, 8,000 men, representing military, fraternal and -civic organizations, in the afternoon. - -Soldier's Day, April 27, 1918. 312th Regiment of Infantry of the National -Army from Camp Dix entertained by the city. Escorted by thousands of -civilians in line from Lincoln Park to First Regiment Armory. 16,000 -in parade, 300,000 spectators. Greatest demonstration of the kind in -Newark's history. - -Italy Day, May 24, 1918. 8,000 Italian citizens in parade, expressed -their allegiance to the U. S. Many Red Cross workers and 400 children -from McKinley School in line. - -War Savings Stamps, June 15, 1918. 7,500 school children and Red Cross -divisions of commercial and industrial concerns, followed by 106 of the -famous French Chasseurs d'Alpines, called Blue Devils, then on a visit to -the U. S. - -113th Infantry of the 29th, or Blue and Gray Division, welcomed home May -20, 1919. The 113th left Newark Sept. 4, 1917, as the First Infantry, -National Guard of New Jersey. Their parade was the first to celebrate -the return of Newark men from France. A public holiday was proclaimed -by Mayor Gillen. Other home-coming parades followed with the 312th -Infantry, of the 78th, or Lightning Division, in the line of march, -Memorial Day, 1919. - - -_War, The_: See also Coal Shortage; Industry; Shipbuilding; Wages - - -_Water Supply_: Since 1892, drawn from headwaters of Pequannock River in -northern N. J., 26 miles from city. From time to time city has purchased -large tracts of land around this watershed to protect it. Total acreage, -25,000; valuation, $20,000,000; 9 reservoirs; average daily water supply -available, 50,000,000 gallons. Average daily consumption, 47,341,000 -gallons. - -For many years there has been agitation for new source of supply, as -population and industries increase. In 1918, permission was granted by -the Capital Issues Committee of the Federal Reserve Board to proceed -with the development of the Wanaque watershed on condition that no -construction work be undertaken during the war. Supply from the Wanaque -watershed would be 50,000,000 gallons, equal capacity to Pequannock. Cost -estimated at $9,047,250. - - -_Whooping Cough_: An ordinance passed Sept. 15, 1915, requires children -under 10 years of age with whooping cough to wear in the street or any -other public place, a yellow band around the arm, marked "Newark Health -Department, Whooping Cough". This is a measure to prevent the spread of -disease. - - -_Woman Suffrage_: In view of the recent adoption of the Susan B. Anthony -amendment by U. S. Congress, a review of the suffrage movement in N. J. -from earliest times to the present, may be of sufficient interest to -warrant the disregard of limiting dates. - -N. J. had woman suffrage up to 1807. - - 1884. Petition for restoration of original suffrage rights and for - school suffrage. - - 1887. Suffrage for school officials in villages and for county - officials: - Senate--ayes, 15; nays, 2. - House--unanimously in favor. - Passed and became a law. Declared unconstitutional in 1894. - - 1895. Petition for Full Suffrage and School Suffrage rights. - - 1897. Resolution for a referendum on School Suffrage: - Senate--ayes, 15; nays, 1. Passed. - House--ayes, 42; nays, 5. Passed. - Submitted to referendum and rejected. - - 1912. Resolution for Full Suffrage: - Senate--ayes, 3; nays, 18. - - 1913.[D] Resolution for Full Suffrage: - Senate--ayes, 14; nays, 5. Passed. - House--ayes, 44; nays, 7. Passed. - - 1914. Suffrage Resolution: - Senate--ayes, 15; nays, 3. - House--ayes, 49; nays, 4. - - 1915. Suffrage Resolution: - Senate--ayes, 17; nays, 4. - House--unanimously passed. - Submitted to referendum: - N. J., 133,281 for; 184,390 against. - And defeated, Oct. 19: - Newark, 13,125 for; 24,147 against. - - 1916. Presidential Suffrage Bill introduced in Senate. Referred to - Committee on Judiciary and unfavorably reported. - -[D] This resolution through error was not advertised in time, so that a -Resolution had to be introduced in the Legislature of 1914. - - -_Young Men's Christian Association_: Since 1904 the Y. M. C. A. of this -city has added two stories over its gymnasium building, increasing its -capacity of living rooms for young men to 125. - -It has purchased four lots on Warren St., comprising a plot 80 × 100 ft., -which is to be the site for the annex building to be erected within the -next 5 years. - -In the Educational Dept. there have been organized and conducted -the accountancy school, automobile schools, classes in electricity, -salesmanship, modern production methods, personal efficiency and memory -training. - -A most important advance was made when the City-Wide Community Work was -organized in 1914. There are now 3 districts being operated. Eventually -the city and suburbs are to be organized with 7 distinct districts, each -with a competent secretary doing work for the whole community. - - -_Young Women's Christian Association_: New administration and recreation -building, 53 Washington St., opened Sept. 2, and dedicated Nov. 3, 1913. -$300,000 for its erection raised in 14 days by a "whirlwind campaign" -for popular subscriptions. Has gymnasium, assembly hall, cafeteria, roof -garden, swimming pool, classrooms, and offices. - -Association residence, or boarding home, 304 Broad St., opened March, -1917. - - - * * * * * - - - - -INDEX - - - All-Year School 4 - Almshouse 4 - Alternating Plan 4 - Apartment Houses 4 - Athletic Association, Public School 4 - Athletic Field, Public School 4 - Automobiles 4 - - Band Concerts 4 - Bank Buildings 5 - Baths, Public 5 - Birth Rate 5 - Blind, Work for 5 - Boy's Vocational School 6 - Buildings 6 - - Carteret Book Club 7 - Catholic Children's Aid Association of N. J. 7 - Charities 8 - Charter, City 8 - Child Hygiene Division, Board of Health 9 - Christmas Trees, Municipal 9 - Churches 9 - City Home 9 - City Plan Commission 9 - Civil Service Reform 10 - Coal Shortage 10 - College of Technology 10 - Comfort Stations 10 - Commission Government 10 - Contemporary, The 11 - Co-operative School 11 - Course of Study 11 - Crippled Children, School for 11 - - Deaf, Public School Classes for 12 - Death Rate 12 - Delinquent Children 12 - Dental Clinic Association 13 - Detention, House of 13 - - Education Board 13 - Employment Bureau, Municipal 13 - Exhibitions 13 - - Feebleminded, Public School Classes for 15 - Fire Department, 1906 15 - Flag, City 15 - Food and Drug Division--Board of Health 16 - - Gary Schools 16 - German Language 16 - Girls' Vocational School 16 - Gymnasium, Public School 16 - - Health 16 - High Schools 16 - Housing 16 - - Indeterminate Sentence 17 - Industrial Expositions 17 - Industrial Schools 17 - Industry 17 - Infantile Paralysis 18 - Influenza 18 - Institute of Arts and Sciences 18 - Italian Language 19 - - Jitneys 19 - Junior College 19 - Junior High Schools 19 - Junior Museum Club 19 - Juvenile Court 19 - Juvenile Delinquency 19 - - Lectures, Public 19 - Library, Public 20 - Lincoln Highway 22 - Little Mother's League 22 - Lunches, Public School 22 - - Medical History, Museum of 22 - Medical Inspection 23 - Medical Library Association 23 - Memorial Tablets 23 - Memorial Trees 23 - Mental Hygiene, Bureau of--Board of Health 23 - Mexican Border Uprising 23 - Milk Supply 23 - Monuments 23 - Moving Pictures 23 - Municipal Christmas Trees 24 - Municipal Employment Bureau 24 - Municipal Exhibition 24 - Museum Association 24 - Music Festivals 24 - - Naturalization 25 - Newark Day 25 - Newspapers and Journals 25 - Normal School, N. J. State 26 - - Open Air Classes 26 - - Pageant 26 - Parades 26 - Parental School, Essex Co. 26 - Parental School, Newark 26 - Parks, City 26 - Parks, Essex County 27 - Parkways 27 - Parochial Schools 27 - Passaic Valley Trunk Sewer 27 - Paving 28 - Physical Training 28 - Playgrounds 28 - Playgrounds, City 28 - Police Department 29 - Poor and Alms Department and Almshouse Survey 29 - Population 29 - Port Newark 29 - Postal Service 30 - Prices, Food 30 - Prison Reform 30 - Probation System 32 - Public Baths 32 - Public Comfort Station 32 - Public Lectures 32 - Public Schools 32 - Public Service Corporation of N. J. 32 - Public Service Terminal 32 - - Reformatory for Women, N. J. State 32 - - "Safety First" and the Schools 32 - School Houses as Social Centers 33 - School Names Changed 33 - School Savings Banks 34 - School Survey 35 - Schools, Parochial 35 - Schools, Public 35 - Shade Tree Commission 35 - Shipbuilding 36 - Ship Yard Workers, Evening Classes for 36 - Smoke Abatement Department 36 - Social Service Survey 36 - Statues and Monuments 37 - Street Names Changed 38 - Street Paving 39 - Summer High Schools 40 - Surveys 40 - - Tablets, Memorial 40 - Technical School 42 - Telephones 40 - Trade, Board of 40 - Transportation 43 - Trees, Memorial 43 - Trolleys 44 - Tuberculosis, Campaign Against 44 - Tunnels 45 - 250th Anniversary 45 - 250th Anniversary Competitions 46 - 250th Anniversary Industrial Exposition 47 - 250th Anniversary Music Festival 47 - 250th Anniversary Notable Parades 47 - 250th Anniversary Pageant 47 - 250th Anniversary School Work Exhibit 47 - - Ungraded Schools 47 - - Vacant Lot Cultivation 48 - Vailsburg 48 - Vehicular Tunnel 48 - Venereal Diseases, Bureau of--Board of Health 48 - Vocational Schools 48 - - Wages 49 - War, The--Military Organizations 49 - War, The--Relief Organizations 50 - War, The--Financial Support 50 - War, The--Industrial Aspect 50 - War, The--Public School Activities 51 - War, The--Library Service 52 - War, The--Notable Parades 52 - War, The 53 - Water Supply 53 - Whooping Cough 53 - Woman Suffrage 53 - - Young Men's Christian Association 54 - Young Women's Christian Association 54 - - - * * * * * - - -Transcriber Notes - - -On Page 37, "Court House Statutes" was corrected to "Court House Statues". -Tables were standardized to have italicized column titles. All "Subject" -titles were standardized. - - - - - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919, by -Newark Public Library - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS, 1904-1919 *** - -***** This file should be named 50825-8.txt or 50825-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/8/2/50825/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Tom Cosmas and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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