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diff --git a/old/50825-h/50825-h.htm b/old/50825-h/50825-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 6a6059e..0000000 --- a/old/50825-h/50825-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4780 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919, by Anonymous, a Project Gutenberg eBook. - </title> - <style type="text/css"> - -body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} - -p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .75em; text-indent: 1.5em;} - -hr {width: 33%; color: #000; background-color:#000; - margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; - margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;} - -hr.tb {width: 45%;} -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin: 2em auto;} - -table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border-collapse: collapse; min-width:35%;} -table.left {margin-left: 0;} - -.pagenum {position: absolute; right: 3.5%; - font-size: small; text-align: right; color: #808080;} /* page numbers */ -.bdt {border-top: solid #000 1px;} - -.vtop {vertical-align: top;} -.vbot {vertical-align: bottom;} -.center {text-align: center; margin:0; text-indent: 0;} -.tb_stars {text-align: center; margin:0; text-indent: 0; - letter-spacing: 1.5em; font-size: 1.25em;} -.tdl {text-align: left;} -.tdr {text-align: right;} -.tdr1 {text-align: right; padding-left:1em;} -.tdl1 {text-align: left; padding-right:1em;} -.tdl2 {text-align: left; padding-left:2em;} -.p0 {text-indent: 0;} -.p6 {margin-left: 6em; text-indent: 0;} -.ind2em {padding-left: 2em; text-indent: 0;} -.title, .caption1, .caption2 {font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: 0;} -.title, .caption1 {font-size:2.00em; margin-top: 1.5em;} -.caption2 {font-size:1.50em; margin-top: 1em;} - -/* Images */ - -.fig_center {margin: auto; text-align: center;} - -.hanging {margin-top:0; margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em; text-align: justify;} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.trans_notes {background-color: #e6e6fa; color: black; padding:1.5em; - margin-bottom:5em;} - -/* Footnotes */ -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} -.fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} - -.blockquot {padding: 0 2em 0 2em;} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919, by -Newark Public Library - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919 - The Story in Outline - -Author: Newark Public Library - -Release Date: January 2, 2016 [EBook #50825] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS, 1904-1919 *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Tom Cosmas and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - -</pre> - - - - - - -<div class="trans_notes"> -<p class="caption2">Transcriber Note</p> - -<p>An <a href="#INDEX">Index</a> has been added at the end to facilitate location of subjects.</p> -</div> - - -<div class="fig_center" style="width: 257px;"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="257" height="406" alt="cover" /> -</div> - - -<p class="caption2"> -Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919.<br /> -<br /> -The Story in Outline.<br /> -</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">« 1 »</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="title">Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919.</p> - -<p class="caption2">Interesting Facts, arranged Alphabetically -by Subjects</p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><b><i>This compilation is an attempt by a busy library -staff to put into form convenient for use a large group of -such facts and figures as experience shows are often asked -for. The notes which follow tell how we happen to be -so interested in Newark's story, why so many questions on -that story come to us, and what kind of help we hope -Newarkers may get from it.</i></b></p> -</div> - -<p>About seventeen years ago the Library began to collect information -about Newark. We began with a search for good topical poetry -and for historical stories so written as to appeal to young people. Of -these we found very little; though poor verse and poor history were both -abundant.</p> - -<p>Then we extended our search to the field of Newark as a going -concern. In this field we found so little in print that was fairly descriptive -of the actual Newark of the time, from water supply to sewers, -and from parks to jails, that we began to write it ourselves.</p> - -<p>We were moved to do this largely because certain changes in school -work led many pupils and teachers to come to us for information. Our -brief, typed and multigraphed statements about subjects like the city -hospital, paving and street cleaning, proved to be very welcome. We -gathered a vast deal of Newark information and, in time, cast much of -it into convenient form for use in the Library and for lending. In these -days we held in the Library several annual exhibits illustrative of and -calling attention to events of both early and recent days in Newark's -history.</p> - -<p>Mr. Frank J. Urquhart, one of the editors of the Newark Sunday -Call, had long been an advocate of the study of Newark by its citizens, -both old and young. At the request of the Library, he wrote a brief -history of Newark for the use of young people, which later the Board of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">« 2 »</a></span> -Education adopted as a text-book in the schools. Mr. Urquhart helped -the Library very materially in the collection of historical data and in -exhibits of Newark life and customs in the past.</p> - -<p>Several years ago the schools took over this Newark work and, of -course, vastly expanded it, and made of it a Course, running through -all grades, on the City of Newark, and supplied for it a text-book and -more than forty pamphlets of Newark information.</p> - -<p>Dr. A. B. Poland, then Superintendent of our Schools, approved -heartily of all this Newark study work, and at his request Assistant -Superintendent J. Wilmer Kennedy prepared the Course of Study and -the pamphlets just mentioned.</p> - -<p>The demand for Newark information which came to the Library -was, of course, rather increased than diminished by this adoption of a -Newark Study Course by the schools.</p> - -<p>Moreover, Newark has now a much larger number of persons who -are interested in its development and its character and its recent self-improvement -than it had fifteen years ago. Consequently, the requests -received from adults for facts and figures concerning recent events in our -city are much more numerous than they were formerly.</p> - -<p>Looking back over the world's history with the perspective of many -years, you would not find it an easy matter to select any fifteen-year -period about which you might wish to write even the briefest review. -That is, events appear to lose their importance or to produce unexpected -results with the passing years, and only a comparatively few happenings -remain conspicuous for all time and for all peoples.</p> - -<p>There is, however, a peculiar fascination about history in the -making, and especially local history within one's own memory. Perhaps -it may be compared to the study of a dead language as an intellectual -pursuit and the study of a live language for the pleasure or profit of -human intercourse. Both are desirable—the one, as a background, the -other, as a foreground of education.</p> - -<p>Newark's history from the days of Robert Treat was so thoroughly -reviewed at the time of the 250th Anniversary Celebration, 1916, that -we have elected to treat as background everything prior to 1904 and to -concern ourselves with the story of Newark from that year to the present. -This means that the high school graduate of June, 1919, should find -between the covers of this pamphlet a record of the city from the time -he or she entered the kindergarten. With these dates in mind it was -really astonishing to find how many changes and what material advances -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">« 3 »</a></span> -had been made within the fifteen years. As you thought of the building -of the City Hall and Court House; the changed appearance of the -"Four Corners"; the opening of the Hudson and Manhattan Tubes; -the new Public Service Terminal; the adaptation of automatic appliances -in fire fighting; the impetus given movements like "Safety First", -vacant lot cultivation and thrift with its school banks; the bigger civic -undertakings like City Plan, Passaic Valley Sewer; Port Newark and -the unexpected trend of its development due to the war; the war itself, -representing the effect of a world event on a city's activities; the 250th -Anniversary, a local celebration, but illustrative of Newark's relations -with the outside world; and, finally, of the change of city administration -to Commission Government—you wonder whether history at close -range invariably presents so much of interest, or whether 1904-1919 -happens to be a particularly progressive period, or whether Newark, -suddenly conscious of its backwardness in many lines, is now making -up for lost time.</p> - -<p>So many facts presented themselves that the pamphlet soon outgrew -our original conception of it, becoming much larger than was originally -intended. It is still, however, a succession of facts and in no sense a -consecutive history. Because it grew from fact to fact, suggested by -one assistant and perhaps set down by another; and because from the -first day the idea was suggested to the day when work stopped, a lapse -of three months, we were daily expecting that copy must go to the -printer on the morrow, the entries are not as complete, or the whole as -well balanced as we should wish. One consideration which delayed -our work, but which should contribute to any value it may have, was -the fixed desire to avoid loose, indefinite statement and to resist the inclination -to make irrelevant comment when real information is wanting or -difficult to acquire. This determination grew as our own searches and -questionings showed how common is this looseness of statement. For -the facts and information which it was impossible or very difficult to get -from records on file, we wish to make grateful acknowledgment to city -departments, newspapers, societies and individuals who responded -promptly and graciously to our calls for assistance.</p> - -<p class="p0">August, 1919.</p> - -<p class="tdr">C. V. D.</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">« 4 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="caption1">Newark: 1904-1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="All-Year_School" name="All-Year_School"></a><i>All-Year School</i>: Established at Belmont Ave. and McKinley schools, -June 1, 1912. Each year's work divided into four 12 week terms -instead of two 20 week terms. Enables pupil to complete 8 grades' -work in 6 years instead of 8, as he ordinarily would. Attendance during -summer term is not compulsory.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Almshouse" name="Almshouse"></a><i>Almshouse</i>: New home for aged and infirm poor at Ivy Hill, beyond -Irvington, erected 1913-14 and opened Jan. 1916. Accommodates -400 to 500 people. Has farm of 70 acres so those who are able can -work and help to support themselves. Surveyed by Russell Sage -Foundation, Dept. of Surveys and Exhibits, 1918-19.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Alternating_Plan" name="Alternating_Plan"></a><i>Alternating Plan</i>: Introduced in Cleveland and Madison Schools, -1913. Nov. 1915, Cleveland and Abington Ave. schools organized -on complete plan with daily vocational and recreational activities.</p> - -<p>Essential feature consists in so co-ordinating work of two teachers -that each may make alternate use of classroom, court and auditorium. -Makes for economy in erection of buildings, since under the alternate -plan, it is possible to accommodate in any fully equipped building from -40% to 50% more pupils than under the regular system. Broader -curriculum with longer school day. Modification of the "Wirt" system -practiced in the schools of Gary, Indiana.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Apartments" name="Apartments"></a><i>Apartment Houses</i>: City directory for 1906 lists apartment houses, -41, separately for the first time; now over 300.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Athletic_Association" name="Athletic_Association"></a><i>Athletic Association, Public School</i>: Formed April 26, 1904.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Athletic_Field" name="Athletic_Field"></a><i>Athletic Field, Public School</i>: Bloomfield and Roseville Aves. Annual -meet held here for first time June, 1913.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Automobiles" name="Automobiles"></a><i>Automobiles</i>: N. J. Dept. of Motor Vehicles was established 1906 for -the registration and supervision of automobiles. Prior to that time this -work had been done in the secretary of state's office and originally -applications for car registrations were signed by the county clerk. In -1900, as far as the first records show, there were not more than 10 or 12 -motor-drawn vehicles in the entire state. In 1918, the number registered -was 155,519 exclusive of motorcycles.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Band_Concerts" name="Band_Concerts"></a><i>Band Concerts</i>: First given, 1903, 25 in a year; appropriation, -$3,000. 1918 appropriation, $5,000; 60 concerts; attended by -350,000 persons.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">« 5 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Bank_Buildings" name="Bank_Buildings"></a><i>Bank Buildings</i>: See <a href="#Buildings">Buildings</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Baths_Public" name="Baths_Public"></a><i>Baths, Public</i>: Public Bath Assoc. formed, 1907. By courtesy of -Bd. of Street and Water Commissioners undertook supervision of 3 old -bath houses on Summer Ave., Morris Ave., and Walnut St.</p> - -<p>Bill passed N. J. Legislature, 1910, permitting Newark to issue -bonds for public baths, up to $250,000.</p> - -<p>Site of Montgomery St. bath purchased and work begun, 1911. -Opened, Sept. 1913. Cost, $100,000.</p> - -<p>Placed under the control of Playground Commission, 1913.</p> - -<p>Hamburg Pl. (now Wilson Ave.) bath opened, July, 1917.</p> - -<p>Baths closed by order of Mayor on account of lack of coal, Dec. -10, 1917. Re-opened by vote of Commission, Jan. 25, 1918.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Birth_Rate" name="Birth_Rate"></a><i>Birth Rate</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>Population</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Rate per Thousand</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1904</td> - <td class="tdr">272,000</td> - <td class="tdr">25.8</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1905</td> - <td class="tdr">283,000</td> - <td class="tdr">25.1</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1906</td> - <td class="tdr">290,000</td> - <td class="tdr">26.3</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1907</td> - <td class="tdr">300,000</td> - <td class="tdr">27.9</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1908</td> - <td class="tdr">305,000</td> - <td class="tdr">29.2</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1909</td> - <td class="tdr">311,000</td> - <td class="tdr">30.8</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1910</td> - <td class="tdr">347,469</td> - <td class="tdr">29.6</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1911</td> - <td class="tdr">352,000</td> - <td class="tdr">30.9</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1912</td> - <td class="tdr">370,000</td> - <td class="tdr">29.3</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1913</td> - <td class="tdr">380,000</td> - <td class="tdr">29.4</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1914</td> - <td class="tdr">395,000</td> - <td class="tdr">29.0</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1915</td> - <td class="tdr">375,000</td> - <td class="tdr">29.2</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1916</td> - <td class="tdr">385,000</td> - <td class="tdr">29.7</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1917</td> - <td class="tdr">405,000</td> - <td class="tdr">30.4</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1918</td> - <td class="tdr">430,000</td> - <td class="tdr">27.0</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Blind" name="Blind"></a><i>Blind, Work for</i>: N. J. Commission for the Blind created by act of -Legislature, 1909, to supervise and encourage work for the blind. State -headquarters, originally established at 54 James St., Newark, now -located at 147 Summer Ave.</p> - -<p>Here the Commission conducts classes in reading, writing, stenography, -typewriting, basketry, cane-seating, weaving, piano tuning, and -other manual arts. It also sends out teachers to instruct the adult blind -in their homes. First public school class for blind in Newark -inaugurated, Sept., 1910, in Washington St. School.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">« 6 »</a></span></p> - -<p>Under act of 1918, creating State Dept. of Charities and Corrections -(now Dept. of Institutions and Agencies), this Commission is -given entire charge of all state matters relating to the blind.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Boys_Vocational" name="Boys_Vocational"></a><i>Boy's Vocational School</i>: Opened April, 1910, in Warren St. School, -at Warren and Wickliffe Sts.</p> - -<p>Building of new school, to be located on Sussex Ave., bet. 1st and -2nd Sts., and known as the Seymour Vocational School, in honor of -James M. Seymour, Mayor of Newark, 1896-1903, has been postponed -by war. Building plans and curriculum will follow recommendations -made by an Advisory Committee to Bd. of Education (appointed -Aug., 1916) in its survey, Vocational Overview of Newark, New -Jersey, which was prepared by Charles H. Winslow.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Buildings" name="Buildings"></a><i>Buildings</i>: (This list is here entered to show how many municipal, -educational and notable commercial buildings have been erected within -the last few years.)</p> - -<p>American Insurance Co., Park Place and E. Park St. Present -building completed Feb., 1904.</p> - -<p>Merchants' National Bank, 770 Broad St., moved to new building -Feb. 22, 1905.</p> - -<p>New City Hall, Broad St., between Green and Franklin Sts., -cornerstone laid Aug. 5, 1903, formally opened Dec. 20, 1906. Cost -$2,500,000.</p> - -<p>New Court House, junction of Springfield Ave. and Market St., -completed 1907. Cost $2,000,000.</p> - -<p>Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co.'s new building. Broad and Clinton -Sts., completed 1908.</p> - -<p>Firemen's Office Building, 16-story, at "Four Corners", completed -1910.</p> - -<p>Ironbound Trust Co., Market and Ferry Sts. Present building -opened July 25, 1910.</p> - -<p>N. Y. Telephone Co., 281 Washington St. New building completed -Nov. 1, 1910.</p> - -<p>East Side High School, Van Buren St., bet. Warwick and -Nichols Sts., opened March 1, 1911.</p> - -<p>Broad St. Theatre, Broad St., opp. Central Ave. Opened under -name of Shubert Theater, Jan. 8, 1912.</p> - -<p>Lehigh Valley Railroad Station, Meeker Ave., Weequahic Park -section, opened Jan. 27, 1912. Cost $60,000.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">« 7 »</a></span></p> - -<p>Central High School, High St., bet. New and Summit Sts., opened -Feb. 1, 1912.</p> - -<p>Essex Co. National Bank Building, 753 Broad St. Now occupied -by Fidelity Trust Co. Completed June, 1912.</p> - -<p>National State Bank, Broad and Mechanic Sts. Present building -completed Oct. 1, 1912.</p> - -<p>L. Bamberger & Co.'s Department Store, Market, Halsey and -Washington Sts., opened Oct. 15, 1912.</p> - -<p>Kinney Office Building, 12-story, at "Four Corners", completed -1913.</p> - -<p>New Board of Health Building, William and Plane Sts., completed -1913.</p> - -<p>Young Women's Christian Association, 53 Washington St., completed -1913, and dedicated Nov. 3, 1913.</p> - -<p>Washington Trust Co., 477 Broad St., completed Sept. 1913.</p> - -<p>South Side High School, Johnson Ave., cor. Alpine St., opened -Sept. 8, 1913.</p> - -<p>N. J. State Normal School, Belleville and 4th Aves., opened -Sept. 16, 1913.</p> - -<p>West Side Trust Co., Springfield Ave. and High St. Present -building opened July 1, 1914.</p> - -<p>Public Service Terminal, Park Place, completed, 1916. Cost, -$5,000,000.</p> - -<p>Robert Treat Hotel, Park Place, named for founder of Newark. -Completed during the 250th Anniversary Celebration, May, 1916.</p> - -<p>Federal Trust Co., 740 Broad St., adjoining Mutual Benefit Life -Ins. Co.'s building and erected by Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co. Completed -1918.</p> - -<p>Central Railroad of N. J. Station, South Broad St. Work begun -on new building, Nov., 1916; completed Feb., 1919. Total cost, -including property acquired, $650,000.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Carteret_Book_Club" name="Carteret_Book_Club"></a><i>Carteret Book Club</i>: Established for printing fine editions and study -of art of book making, Dec. 12, 1908. Published, 1917, a volume -"Newark", containing "a series of engravings on wood by Rudolph -Ruzicka, with an appreciation of the pictorial aspects of the town by -Walter Prichard Eaton". Limited edition of 200 copies printed by -Merrymount Press, Boston.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Catholic_Childrens_Aid" name="Catholic_Childrens_Aid"></a><i>Catholic Children's Aid Association of N. J.</i>: Organized 1904 and -headquarters established in Newark with paid agent. Proceeded to -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">« 8 »</a></span> -withdraw children from Catholic institutions and to place them in private -Catholic homes. Instituted work to prevent separation of families and -placing of children in institutions, by prosecuting parents and perpetuating -homes. Headquarters now located at 776 Broad St.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Charities" name="Charities"></a><i>Charities</i>: Bur. of Associated Charities, organized 1882, reorganized -1904. Private organization, supported by voluntary contributions, but -with work so far-reaching and constructive that it has become a center -for co-operative effort among all charitable agencies in the city. Has a -visiting Housekeeper Department, Provident Savings Fund, General -Information Bureau and trained social workers to study causes and conditions. -In 1903-04 there were 239 contributors and contributions -amounting to $3,000. In 1918-19 there were 3,000 contributors and -contributions of $48,000.</p> - -<p>In 1906, at suggestion of Bureau, Bd. of Trade appointed a -committee to examine claims of charities soliciting contributions, and to -try to name those worthy of support. This is now known as the Bd. -of Trade Endorsement Committee. In 1917 there were 63 endorsed -charities.</p> - -<p>In 1912 and again in 1916, the secretary of the Associated Charities -published a classified directory of the philanthropies of Newark, a -genuine contribution to the study of social problems.</p> - -<p>For facts about distinct lines of work or particular undertakings -consult this directory or the Associated Charities Bur.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Charter_City" name="Charter_City"></a><i>Charter, City</i>: A city charter is the constitution or frame of government -of a city conferred on that city by the state legislature.</p> - -<p>First charter incorporating township of Newark, granted by Queen -Anne to Robert Treat, 1713. Legislature incorporated <i>township</i> of -Newark, 1798. Legislature incorporated it under name of Mayor and -Common Council of <i>City</i> of Newark, 1836. The 1857 revision, -authorized by act of Legislature, embodied all changes made since 1836.</p> - -<p>Mayor Haussling appointed a committee which formulated and -published draft of new city charter, 1911.</p> - -<p>Mayor Raymond appointed "Charter Revision Commission", -which presented its proposed charter to Legislature, 1917. It provided -for a mayor, and Commission of five, elected at large. Mayor to have -veto power and to appoint heads of departments. This was defeated in -Assembly, March, 1917.</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Commission_Government">Commission Government</a>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">« 9 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Child_Hygiene" name="Child_Hygiene"></a><i>Child Hygiene Division, Board of Health</i>: Established Aug., 1913, -to supervise care of new-born babies, to study causes of infant mortality -and to teach art and science of mothercraft. Chief, 4 clinic physicians -and 14 nurses now in attendance. Has continued work of consultation -stations, formerly directed by general board, at which advice is given -expectant mothers and mothers of children up to school age. Supervises -boarding-homes of infants up to 3 years of age, which by ordinance of -July 6, 1915, must be licensed by Health Bd. Also supervises unmarried -mothers and is planning convalescent home for them at Ivy Hill.</p> - -<p>A supervisor of midwives was appointed Nov., 1914, to investigate -and report on practice of midwifery and has continued to direct work -of midwives, who attend 50% of the births of the city.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Christmas_Trees" name="Christmas_Trees"></a><i>Christmas Trees, Municipal</i>: The first tree, a Norway spruce, 48 ft. -high, with spread of 30 ft., was set up in Military Park, Christmas, -1913. Illuminated at night with 800 electric lights, and 50 in star -shape at top. Week of festival followed. Similar festivities held -around trees set up in the park next 2 years.</p> - -<p>In 1916 a great Norway spruce was set up in south lawn fronting -City Hall. Inside the building, a smaller tree was placed in rotunda for -week of festival. These City Hall Christmas Festivals brought together -old and young, rich and poor, for singing and games and Christmas -good cheer of all kinds. For the past 2 years there has been no -municipal Christmas Tree, but Christmas festivities have been held in -the City Hall.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Churches" name="Churches"></a><i>Churches</i>: Items of church history,—buildings erected, parish houses -annexed, missions established, etc.,—are too numerous to be recorded in -a brief, general outline. Detailed sketches of individual churches have -been written by Rev. Joseph F. Folsom and appended to Urquhart's -History of Newark, Vol. II., pp. 949-1020.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="City_Home" name="City_Home"></a><i>City Home</i>: See <a href="#Delinquent_Children">Delinquent Children</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="City_Plan_Commission" name="City_Plan_Commission"></a><i>City Plan Commission</i>: "City planning means development of our city -according to carefully prepared plans; stopping all further random -development, all haphazard extensions, and all improvements for certain -favored sections or limited localities. It means considering every suggested -change or improvement as to its effect on the entire city and all -suburbs and nearby towns.</p> - -<p>"City planning is for all, and especially for the man of modest -income. It means better housing and attractive and healthful surroundings -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">« 10 »</a></span> -for the humblest homes. It means securing for the cheapest tenement -the sunny, airy, sanitary conditions which health, science and -common sense demand.</p> - -<p>"It means a City Efficient, a City Clean and a City Enjoyable."</p> - -<p>An act providing for city plan commissions passed N. J. Legislature -and became a law March 30, 1911. On June 1, Mayor -Haussling appointed the Newark City Plan Commission. For its investigations -and work, $10,000 was annually appropriated until the -adoption of Commission Government. Under this form of government -there were no further appropriations for special boards and the City -Plan Commission went out of existence, Dec. 31, 1917.</p> - -<p>Some of the subjects studied and reported on by the Commission -aside from street arrangement, were Centre Market, Housing Problems, -Municipal Recreation, Interurban Improvement and Harbor Development. -The Commission issued "City Planning for Newark" and "A -Comprehensive Plan". Both are valuable documents and rich in Newark -facts.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Civil_Service_Reform" name="Civil_Service_Reform"></a><i>Civil Service Reform</i>: The system by which public offices are filled -and promotions made through competitive examinations held under -federal, state or city government. It is known as the "merit system", -since it looks toward the appointment of men to office because of their -competency. It is a reaction from the "spoils system" or the practice of -giving public offices to political favorites. The state measure was -adopted, 1910, by Newark, by popular vote.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Coal_Shortage" name="Coal_Shortage"></a><i>Coal Shortage</i>: 27,000 emergency coal cards, entitling each person -to 1,000 pounds of coal, were issued by Bd. of Health during coal -shortage in the winter of 1917-18. U. S. government instituted Workless -Mondays to conserve coal, and boards of education closed school -buildings for lack of fuel.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="College_of_Technology" name="College_of_Technology"></a><i>College of Technology</i>: See <a href="#Technical_School">Technical School</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Comfort_Stations" name="Comfort_Stations"></a><i>Comfort Stations</i>: First public comfort station, in Military Park, ready -for use July, 1910. Cost $14,734. Maintained by Shade Tree -Commission, now a division of Dept. of Parks and Public Property.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Commission_Government" name="Commission_Government"></a><i>Commission Government</i>: Adopted Oct. 9, 1917, at a special referendum -election. Vote 19,069 for, and 6,053 against.</p> - -<p>Present commissioners elected Nov. 13, 1917, to serve until May, -1921, are:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">« 11 »</a></span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Mayor Charles P. Gillen. Dept. of Public Affairs.</p> - -<p>Alexander Archibald. Dept. of Revenue and Finance.</p> - -<p>William J. Brennan. Dept. of Public Safety.</p> - -<p>Thomas L. Raymond. Dept. of Streets and Public Improvements.</p> - -<p>John F. Monahan. Dept. of Parks and Public Property.</p></div> - -<p>Change of government authorized under Walsh Act, passed by the -N. J. Legislature April 25, 1911. 5 commissioners, elected by the -people and responsible to them, replace a mayor, 32 common council -members, numerous departments and boards. The commission names -one of its members to be mayor. He becomes chief Commissioner, but -has no veto power.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Contemporary" name="Contemporary"></a><i>Contemporary, The</i>: Organized April 23, 1909, by representatives of -Sesame, Philomathean, Irving, Saturday and Municipal Art Clubs. To -meet need for single large organization of Newark women, working -toward a better knowledge of civic conditions and for the development -of good fellowship among women.</p> - -<p>204 active and 198 associate members enrolled at first regular meeting, -Oct. 19, 1909. Admitted to State Federation of Women's Clubs, -Oct. 24, 1909. Legally incorporated, April 19, 1915. Total membership, -Sept., 1918, was 1,461.</p> - -<p>Among its activities have been the institution of a social hygiene movement; -the organization of the Housewives' League; advocacy of the -founding of a State College for Women; opening a boarding home for -girls; and work for prison reform, mothers' pensions, child welfare -and delinquency, emergency relief and food conservation.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Co-operative_School" name="Co-operative_School"></a><i>Co-operative School</i>: First established April 3, 1916, in Fawcett -School of Industrial Arts. Wrappers from several department stores -given lessons in salesmanship during working hours without loss of wages.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Course_of_Study" name="Course_of_Study"></a><i>Course of Study</i>: Uniform course for high schools adopted May 27, -1915. Educational and cultural value of manual arts recognized by -requiring them in all curricula. Arts curriculum carrying full credit -in music and art introduced as major subjects. All other courses -modified and adjusted to meet more adequately needs of students preparing -for office, shop, home or higher institution of learning.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Crippled_Children" name="Crippled_Children"></a><i>Crippled Children, School for</i>: Opened July 7, 1912 in Home for -Crippled Children. 17 pupils ranging in age from 4 to 13 years. -Heretofore no schooling had been provided.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">« 12 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Deaf" name="Deaf"></a><i>Deaf, Public School Classes for</i>: First class organized in Chestnut St. -School with 11 pupils, 1910. In Oct., 1915, classes in lip-reading -for adults were organized as part of evening school program.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Death_Rate" name="Death_Rate"></a><i>Death Rate</i>: Statistics for this period are noteworthy because they show -effects of infantile paralysis epidemic in 1916, and of influenza in 1918, -which, though less alarming in its symptoms, had more fatal results.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>Population</i></td> - <td class="tdr1"><i>No. Deaths</i></td> - <td class="tdr1"><i>Death Rate</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1904</td> - <td class="tdr">272,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,378</td> - <td class="tdr">19.77</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1905</td> - <td class="tdr">283,239</td> - <td class="tdr">5,025</td> - <td class="tdr">17.74</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1906</td> - <td class="tdr">290,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,551</td> - <td class="tdr">19.14</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1907</td> - <td class="tdr">300,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,724</td> - <td class="tdr">19.08</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1908</td> - <td class="tdr">305,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,207</td> - <td class="tdr">17.07</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1909</td> - <td class="tdr">311,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,529</td> - <td class="tdr">17.77</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1910</td> - <td class="tdr">347,469</td> - <td class="tdr">5,784</td> - <td class="tdr">16.64</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1911</td> - <td class="tdr">352,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,337</td> - <td class="tdr">15.16</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1912</td> - <td class="tdr">370,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,423</td> - <td class="tdr">14.65</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1913</td> - <td class="tdr">380,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,562</td> - <td class="tdr">14.63</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1914</td> - <td class="tdr">395,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,809</td> - <td class="tdr">14.70</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1915</td> - <td class="tdr">375,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,382</td> - <td class="tdr">14.30</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr"><a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>1916</td> - <td class="tdr">385,000</td> - <td class="tdr">6,357</td> - <td class="tdr">16.50</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr1">1917</td> - <td class="tdr">405,000</td> - <td class="tdr">5,205</td> - <td class="tdr">15.30</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>1918</td> - <td class="tdr">430,000</td> - <td class="tdr">8,482</td> - <td class="tdr">19.70</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> See <a href="#Infantile_Paralysis">Infantile Paralysis</a>; <a href="#Influenza">Influenza</a>.</p> - -</div> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Delinquent_Children" name="Delinquent_Children"></a><i>Delinquent Children</i>: Juvenile court act, providing for separate trial -of all offenders under 16 years, passed by N. J. Legislature, 1903. -Essex Co. Juvenile Court established in Newark the same year. To -prevent association of young offenders with hardened criminals. Judge -may commit the boy or girl to a reformatory institution or refer the case -to a probation officer. In the latter case the child is released but must -report regularly to the officer until the probation period is passed.</p> - -<p>House of Detention, 120 Newark St., county institution maintained -in connection with juvenile court, was opened Dec., 1910. For -accommodation of children awaiting trial, and for those held as witnesses. -Were formerly kept at police station or jail.</p> - -<p>Essex Co. Parental School, Sussex Ave., bet. Hecker and Duryee -Sts., authorized by N. J. law of 1912, was opened May 1, 1916. -Supersedes House of Detention now used only for juvenile witnesses. -Provides a temporary home for juvenile delinquents and neglected children -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">« 13 »</a></span> -and aims to be an educational rather than penal institution. Here -juvenile court is held and probation cases reported.</p> - -<p>Ungraded Schools, No. 1 (So. 10th St.), and No. 2 (Chestnut -St.), were erected, 1911, for better accommodation of classes of truants -and incorrigibles. Curriculum provides for usual common school -branches with particular emphasis placed upon manual and vocational -studies. These 2 schools, with the classes in Academy St., established -1898, are the only schools of this kind under direction of the Bd. of -Education. In addition there is the Newark Parental School, at -Verona, formerly known as the City Home. Maintained by the city -for the most difficult cases from ungraded schools. Provides a home -as well as schooling like the Essex Co. Parental School, except that it -takes boys only.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Dental_Clinic_Association" name="Dental_Clinic_Association"></a><i>Dental Clinic Association</i>: Organized 1909 and financed from private -sources. Later supported by city under N. J. law of 1910, with -amendments 1911 and 1913, allowing Common Council to appropriate -$10,000 annually. Provides free dental services for children under -16, unable to pay for treatment. 3 clinics opened at 74 Newton St., -346 Ferry St., and 297 Orange St. 7,623 individuals treated and -24,878 operations performed in 1918.</p> - -<p>Orange St. Clinic closed Nov. 1, 1918, because of insufficient -funds and scarcity of operators, is expected to re-open. Appropriation -increased to $20,000 by N. J. law of 1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Detention" name="Detention"></a><i>Detention, House of</i>: See <a href="#Delinquent_Children">Delinquent Children</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Education_Board" name="Education_Board"></a><i>Education Board</i>: Change from elective board of 32 members, 2 from -each ward for term of 2 years, to present board of 9 members appointed -by Mayor for term of 3 years, made at general election held Nov. 5, -1907.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Employment_Bureau" name="Employment_Bureau"></a><i>Employment Bureau, Municipal</i>: Established Nov. 15, 1909. -Merged its activities with U. S. Dept. of Labor and N. J. Dept. of -Labor, July 1, 1918.</p> - -<p>Shortly after the armistice was signed, a Soldiers' and Sailors' -Dept. was organized to assist discharged men to secure positions, advising -and aiding the injured to obtain compensation and vocational training.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Exhibitions" name="Exhibitions"></a><i>Exhibitions</i>: Newark History, Free Public Library, May 17-June -1, 1905. Review of the city's growth from a little settlement of a few -houses to prosperous industrial center. Maps, portraits, pictures, curios. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">« 14 »</a></span> -Exhibit repeated in subsequent years as school children's interest in local -history developed.</p> - -<p>Industrial Expositions, 1st Regiment Armory, (1) May 13-25, -1912 (the first since Aug., 1872); (2) Sept. 12-26, 1914; (3) May -13-June 3, 1916, 250th Anniversary event.</p> - -<p>Industrial, L. Bamberger & Co.'s store, Feb., 1913; Feb., 1914; -Feb., 1915.</p> - -<p>Fire Prevention, City Hall. First exhibit held Nov. 12, 1913. -Exhibits held annually since that date for week beginning Oct. 9th. -This date, the anniversary of the great Chicago fire, 1871, is generally -known throughout the country as Fire and Accident Prevention Day. -In 1918 the date was changed to Nov. 11th that it might not interfere -with the 4th Liberty Loan. See also <a href="#Safety">Safety Movement</a>.</p> - -<p>Municipal, City Hall. March 1-7, 1915. Showing work of -various departments of the city government and their inter-relations. -Held in connection with an exhibit of foreign and American city planning.</p> - -<p>Clay Products of N. J., Newark Museum, Feb. 1-March 28, -1915. Brick, tile, sanitary ware, electrical ware, table ware, crucibles, -earthenware, etc., and demonstration of casting, pressing and turning on -the potter's wheel.</p> - -<p>Textiles, Newark Museum, Feb. 1-March 28, 1916. Machine -weaving, hand weaving, old and new, tapestry and weaving and embroideries, -and a special group of textiles lent by foreign-born -Newarkers.</p> - -<p>School Work, South Side High School, July 5-Aug. 4, 1916. -Feature of 250th Anniversary. Showed (1) organization of public -school system. (2) equipment, appliances, supplies, etc. (3) work -of all elementary grades, high schools, special classes and special subjects.</p> - -<p>Homelands, Newark Museum, Feb. 1 to March 28, 1916. -Costumes and textiles from foreign lands, mainly secured through the -schools. Burnet St. School, July 10-Aug. 5, 1916. Jewelry, -costumes, textiles, furniture, pottery, etc., from foreign lands, lent by -Newarkers of foreign birth, representing, among others, France, Belgium, -Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Ruthenia, Russia, -Slovakia, Bohemia, Hungary, Italy, Armenia, and China. Plays, -songs and native dances were part of the entertainment.</p> - -<p>Colonial Kitchen, Newark Museum, Nov. 27, 1917-Feb. 28, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">« 15 »</a></span> -1918. A room 16 ft. × 20 ft., completely furnished as in colonial -days, with colonial domestic tools and utensils in cases.</p> - -<p>The Soldier and Sailor, Newark Museum, March 14-April 1, -1918. Complete modern equipment as required by Army and Navy -regulations; model of Camp Dix, comparison of uniforms and equipment -from Revolution to date.</p> - -<p>Industrial Housing and Better Homes Exposition, Krueger Auditorium, -July 20-27, 1918. Many models made by manual training -departments of Newark schools. Food conservation and war cookery, -also features.</p> - -<p>Colombia, South America, Newark Museum. June 1-Nov. 30, -1918. Products, manufactures, life and customs of this rich but little -known neighbor.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Feebleminded" name="Feebleminded"></a><i>Feebleminded, Public School Classes for</i>: 5 classes established at -College Pl., Lafayette St. and 7th Ave. Schools, Sept., 1910.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Fire_Department" name="Fire_Department"></a><i>Fire Department, 1906</i>: First self-propelled steam engine, "Mount -Pelee", placed in service, Nov. 22, 1906. Cost $6,000, weight 8½ -tons, built by Manchester Locomotive Works. Strangely enough the -engine itself sent forth so many sparks, thereby setting fire to numerous -awnings and other things along its route, that it was later converted -into a tractor engine and is now part of the reserve.</p> - -<p>1907. Central office Fire Alarm Telegraph Office installed in -City Hall. Cost $55,000.</p> - -<p>Bur. of Combustibles and Fire Risks established. Originated -Fire Prevention Code which marked beginning of that important movement. -Effective Dec., 1910.</p> - -<p>1911. School of instruction for firemen established.</p> - -<p>First motor-driven fire engine, of general type now in use, placed -in service.</p> - -<p>1917. Two platoon system inaugurated, whereby the fireman's -working schedule is so arranged that he has 24 consecutive free hours -every week.</p> - -<p>1918. First fire boat, "William J. Brennan", named for the -director of Dept. of Public Safety, placed in service June, 1918. On -the night of its first day of service it was successful in extinguishing a -dock fire, which might otherwise have resulted in $100,000 loss.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Flag_City" name="Flag_City"></a><i>Flag, City</i>: Officially adopted by Common Council, March 24, 1916. -The field is white, with Jersey blue border. The city seal in gold, with -gold-blue scroll and blue band beneath, occupies the center of the field.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">« 16 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Food" name="Food"></a><i>Food and Drug Division—Board of Health</i>: Established, 1913. -Prior to that, only work carried on consisted of taking a few milk -samples wherever suspicion was directed. Today the chief of division, -chemist, 2 veterinarians, 4 milk inspectors, 4 food inspectors and a meat -inspector keep close watch over food in every form, especially milk. -Food-handling places, including restaurants, are supervised and scored; -food handlers physically examined; live stock supervised.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Gary_Schools" name="Gary_Schools"></a><i>Gary Schools</i>: See <a href="#Alternating_Plan">Alternating Plan</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="German_Language" name="German_Language"></a><i>German Language</i>: War led to decision May 27, 1918, that no new -classes in German would be formed, although study would be continued -in those classes already organized.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Girls_Vocational" name="Girls_Vocational"></a><i>Girls' Vocational School</i>: Recommended 1912. Opened Sept., -1914, in former Normal School building, Washington and Linden Sts.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Gymnasium" name="Gymnasium"></a><i>Gymnasium, Public School</i>: First gymnasium installed in new addition -to Hamburg Place School during school year 1906-7. Barringer High -School gymnasium annex opened 1909.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Health" name="Health"></a><i>Health</i>: See <a href="#Birth_Rate">Birth Rate</a>; <a href="#Child_Hygiene">Child Hygiene Division—Board of Health</a>; -<a href="#Death_Rate">Death Rate</a>; <a href="#Food">Food and Drug Division—Board of Health</a>; <a href="#Infantile_Paralysis">Infantile -Paralysis</a>; <a href="#Influenza">Influenza</a>; <a href="#Little">Little Mother's League</a>; <a href="#Medical_History">Medical History, Museum -of</a>; <a href="#Mental_Hygiene">Mental Hygiene, Bureau of—Board of Health</a>; <a href="#Milk_Supply">Milk Supply</a>; -<a href="#Tuberculosis">Tuberculosis, Campaign Against</a>; <a href="#Venereal_Diseases">Venereal Diseases, Bureau of—Board -of Health</a>; <a href="#Whooping_Cough">Whooping Cough</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="High_Schools" name="High_Schools"></a><i>High Schools</i>: Barringer, formerly Newark High School, was the -only high school in the city, 1838-1904. In 1907 the name was -changed to Barringer High School, in memory of Dr. William N. -Barringer, city superintendent of schools for about 20 years.</p> - -<p class="ind2em"> -East Side, opened March 1, 1911.<br /> -Central, opened Feb. 1, 1912.<br /> -South Side, opened Sept. 8, 1913.<br /> -See also <a href="#Junior_High_Schools">Junior High Schools</a>.<br /> -</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Housing" name="Housing"></a><i>Housing</i>: U. S. Homes Registration and Rent Profiteering Committee -created July, 1918, with office in City Hall, branch of national organization -for equitable protection of home rent payers and owners of dwellings. -Undertook compilation of list of homes where war workers could -obtain rooms. Conducted "Rent-a-Room" campaign as war expedient. -Originally planned to aid war workers, service has broadened so that -office has become a general housing bureau.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">« 17 »</a></span></p> - -<p>Basing its figures on local buildings reports Jan. 1, 1915-June 30, -1919, <i>Sunday Call</i> has estimated that Newark has shortage of 3,000 -homes.</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Apartments">Apartments</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Indeterminate_Sentence" name="Indeterminate_Sentence"></a><i>Indeterminate Sentence</i>: See <a href="#Prison_Reform">Prison Reform</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Industrial_Expositions" name="Industrial_Expositions"></a><i>Industrial Expositions</i>: See <a href="#Exhibitions">Exhibitions</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Industrial_Schools" name="Industrial_Schools"></a><i>Industrial Schools</i>: See <a href="#Boys_Vocational">Boys' Vocational School</a>; <a href="#Girls_Vocational">Girls' Vocational -School</a>; <a href="#Technical_School">Technical School</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Industry" name="Industry"></a><i>Industry</i>: Added celluloid to the world's products; built first locomotive -engine to travel up grade; leads in manufacture of umbrella frames.</p> - -<p>Produced first malleable cast iron; made first patent leather; is -largest fine jewelry manufacturing centre; ranks 11th in U. S. in annual -aggregate value of products.</p> - -<p>Ranks 1st in N. J. in number of wage earners, amount of capital -invested in manufacturing, amount paid in wages to workers, and value -of goods produced.</p> - -<p>Has one firm employing over 10,000 persons, 8 employing over -1,000, 19 employing over 500, 73 employing over 200, and 123 employing -over 100 each.</p> - - -<p>INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AS AFFECTED BY THE WAR.</p> - -<p>1. Stores and Factories:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1914</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1918</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Grocery stores</td> - <td class="tdr">950</td> - <td class="tdr">1,619</td> - <td class="tdr">1,455</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Dry goods stores</td> - <td class="tdr">166</td> - <td class="tdr">288</td> - <td class="tdr">336</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Automobile dealers</td> - <td class="tdr">21</td> - <td class="tdr">145</td> - <td class="tdr">195</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Machine and machinery mfrs.</td> - <td class="tdr">79</td> - <td class="tdr">99</td> - <td class="tdr">125</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Printers</td> - <td class="tdr">68</td> - <td class="tdr">116</td> - <td class="tdr">129</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>2. Finance. Newark as a Financial Centre:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1914</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1918</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Banks & Trust Cos.</td> - <td class="tdr">17</td> - <td class="tdr">28</td> - <td class="tdr">27</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">" " " " Deposits</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 48,593,824</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 91,881,371</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 150,584,502</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Insurance Agencies</td> - <td class="tdr">50</td> - <td class="tdr">96</td> - <td class="tdr">110</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Fire insurance in force</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 585,496,689</td> - <td class="tdr">$1,823,849,317</td> - <td class="tdr">$2,472,090,772</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Life " " "</td> - <td class="tdr">$1,416,345,076</td> - <td class="tdr">$3,306,711,318</td> - <td class="tdr">$4,879,947,621</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Building & Loan Associations</td> - <td class="tdr">111</td> - <td class="tdr">245</td> - <td class="tdr">259</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Postal Savings Deposit</td> - <td class="tdr">(Begun Sept.<br /> - 15, 1911)</td> - <td class="tdr">$27,573</td> - <td class="tdr">$42,587</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">« 18 »</a></span></p> - -<p>3. General Growth:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1914</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1918</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Population (Bd. of Health estimates)</td> - <td class="tdr">272,000</td> - <td class="tdr">395,000</td> - <td class="tdr">430,000</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Names listed in Newark directory</td> - <td class="tdr">105,631</td> - <td class="tdr">172,756</td> - <td class="tdr">201,894</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Corporations listed in Newark directory</td> - <td class="tdr">573</td> - <td class="tdr">1,695</td> - <td class="tdr">1,751</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Building permits granted</td> - <td class="tdr">2,155</td> - <td class="tdr">2,104</td> - <td class="tdr">1,696</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Amount spent on buildings</td> - <td class="tdr">$6,000,000</td> - <td class="tdr">$10,610,277</td> - <td class="tdr">$5,000,000</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>4. Factories:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="center" colspan="2"><i>1914</i></td> - <td class="center" colspan="2"><i>1917</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Establishments</td> - <td class="center">not<br />available</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">729</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">820</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Total capital invested</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">141,796,120.00</td> - <td class="tdr">$</td> - <td>204,249,525.00</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Cost value of material used</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">89,998,186.00</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">203,732,015.00</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Selling value of goods made</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">167,793,408.00</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">332,426,904.00</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Average number persons employed</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">57,156</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">69,066</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Total amount paid in wages</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">30,714,116.00</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">53,277,897.00</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Average yearly earnings of workers</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">537.37</td> - <td>$</td> - <td class="tdr">771.41</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Infantile_Paralysis" name="Infantile_Paralysis"></a><i>Infantile Paralysis</i>: Epidemic occurred during July, Aug. and Sept. 1, -1916. 1,360 cases with 363 deaths. Greatest number of cases reported -week ending Aug. 12, 260. Highest prevalence under 5 years of age.</p> - -<p>Necessitated closing all-year and summer schools, July 19, 1916, -and postponing the opening of fall sessions until Sept. 25.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Influenza" name="Influenza"></a><i>Influenza</i>: Outset of epidemic apparent during last 4 days of Sept., -1918, when 435 cases were reported. Simultaneously a remarkable increase -in pneumonia. Greatest daily number of influenza cases reported -was 1,626, on Oct. 14. Most prevalent in Oct. but continued through -Nov. and Dec. with a total of 29,269 cases of influenza and 3,853 -cases of pneumonia. High prevalence was between 20 and 30 years. -Total deaths, Oct.-Dec., 1918, were 1,354 from influenza and 829 -from pneumonia.</p> - -<p>All public drinking places, theaters, churches, dance halls, billiard -rooms and other public places of assemblage closed Oct. 10-22. -Schools closed Oct. 11, reopened Oct. 28.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Institute_Arts_Sciences" name="Institute_Arts_Sciences"></a><i>Institute of Arts and Sciences</i>, 367 High St. Incorporated 1910. -Merging of Newark University Courses, given 1909, and College Extension -Courses given for several years. To meet widespread demand -for courses of university grade in Newark and nearby towns. Has co-operative -support of New York University which supplies Institute with -regular members of the N. Y. U. instructional staff. Credits courses -taken for degrees in Washington Square College of N. Y. U.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">« 19 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Italian_Language" name="Italian_Language"></a><i>Italian Language</i>: 3 year study course introduced at Barringer High -School, Feb. 1, 1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Jitneys" name="Jitneys"></a><i>Jitneys</i>: Or passenger auto-buses. First run in spring of 1916. 349 -in operation July, 1919. Name originated in California, where a 5 -cent piece, the fare, is commonly known as a "jitney".</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>Receipts</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Tax</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Passengers</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1916 (7 months)</td> - <td class="tdr">$133,043.22</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 5,556.92</td> - <td class="tdr">2,660,963</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1917</td> - <td class="tdr">409,774.86</td> - <td class="tdr">17,332.74</td> - <td class="tdr">8,195,491</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1918</td> - <td class="tdr">855,832.82</td> - <td class="tdr">36,151.22</td> - <td class="tdr">17,120,652</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1919 (7 months)</td> - <td class="tdr">959,473.69</td> - <td class="tdr">39,940.61</td> - <td class="tdr">19,189,472</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Junior_College" name="Junior_College"></a><i>Junior College</i>: Established at South Side High School with 50 students -Sept., 1918. Public school system thus extended to include the -first two years of regular college course.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Junior_High_Schools" name="Junior_High_Schools"></a><i>Junior High Schools</i>: Established at Robert Treat, Madison and Cleveland -Schools, Sept., 1917. 9th grade, equivalent to 1st year high -school, added to grammar course, with departmental system in 7th and -8th grades. Experiment of teaching modern languages as early as the -7th grade tried with success, 1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Junior_Museum" name="Junior_Museum"></a><i>Junior Museum Club</i>: Founded June, 1916, by boy and girl delegates -from 8B public school classes and members of the Irvington -Museum Assoc., under leadership of Dr. Henry H. Rusby, of Newark, -and the staff of the Newark Museum Assoc. Purpose: to collect and -to study animals, insects, aquatic life, birds, botany, mineralogy, stamps -and coins, electricity, photography, etc. Membership open to any boy -or girl between 10 and 18 years of age. Affiliated with the Newark -Museum Assoc. Headquarters, Public Library building.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Juvenile_Court" name="Juvenile_Court"></a><i>Juvenile Court</i>: See <a href="#Delinquent_Children">Delinquent Children</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Juvenile_Delinquency" name="Juvenile_Delinquency"></a><i>Juvenile Delinquency</i>: See <a href="#Delinquent_Children">Delinquent Children</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Lectures_Public" name="Lectures_Public"></a><i>Lectures, Public</i>: 25 years ago, the lecture system was a feature of the -evening schools, and continued as such, until 1906, when it was decided -to have the lectures for the people given in school buildings, designated -as lecture centers. In 1907 there were 15 lecture centers, including -the First Presbyterian Church, the Free Public Library and 13 school -buildings.</p> - -<p>During the season of 1907-08 there were 245 lectures with a -total attendance of 105,210. For the season 1915-16 there were 30 -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">« 20 »</a></span> -centers and 400 lectures, with an aggregate attendance of 160,890. -During the war period, 1917-18, the attendance decreased.</p> - -<p>Subjects treated in the lectures are history, patriotism, art, music, -literature and geography. Many are illustrated by stereopticon views -and a few by motion pictures. Musical programs have always proved -popular.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Library_Public" name="Library_Public"></a><i>Library, Public</i>: Building completed, March, 1901. Cost of building, -$315,000; cost of land, $100,000. Architects, Rankin & Kellogg, -Philadelphia.</p> - -<p>Number of books lent in 1904, 465,674. In 1911 the number -passed the million mark and held it until, in 1918, the library's income -was found to be inadequate, branch libraries were closed, and the number -of books lent dropped, accordingly, 37%.</p> - -<p>Art Department and Picture Collection, which were getting well -under way in 1904 and lent 3,000 pictures that year, now lend over -100,000 small pictures, photographs, lithographs and prints. These -pictures are used by teachers in 36 different schools for classroom work; -also by artists, designers, jewelers, newspapers and journals, advertising -men and others in trades and professions, needing illustrative -material.</p> - -<p>Barringer High School Branch. Opened, 1900, under management -of Public Library. Management taken over by Bd. of Education -and books purchased from the Public Library, 1915.</p> - -<p>Business Branch. First opened in 1904 at 16 Academy St., -with a collection of directories and a general book collection. First -public library of business literature and information for business men -ever established. Similar branches have since been established by -libraries of other large cities. During the 15 years it moved 4 times, -always near the business center at Broad and Market Streets, and special -development along business lines has been steadily carried on.</p> - -<p>Branch Libraries, General. Delivery stations were the Library's -first attempt to reach people in sections distant from the main building. -They were opened in drug stores at various centers as early as 1891 and -were intended only for the collection and delivery of books borrowed by -people in the neighborhood. Readers left their cards with a list of call -numbers, taken from the old "finding list" or printed catalog. Requests -were filled at the Library and books delivered to the station daily.</p> - -<p>In 1906, because of increased use, delivery stations were replaced -by deposit stations. At these deposit stations, still operated in stores, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">« 21 »</a></span> -the Library placed collections of several hundred books and continued -the delivery system. When the lending of books outgrew deposit -stations, branch libraries were the natural result. After branches were -established, deposit stations were discontinued, Nov., 1914.</p> - -<p>From 1905 to 1915, seven general branches in rented stores and -two school branches, were opened for the convenience of residents in -neighborhoods two or more miles from the main library. All branches -closed in 1918 because of insufficient funds to carry on the work, which -had grown to large proportions. For notes about branches, see -chronological "Story of the Branches", in pamphlet "The Roseville -Branch", published 1917.</p> - -<p>Children's Books. The Children's Room at the Main Library -always has a special collection of children's books to lend to children -who live near enough to visit it. The branch libraries lent books also -to children in their neighborhoods. The School Dept. sends to any -teacher who wishes it, a school or classroom library of 25-40 books -to lend to the children in her class. 400 or 500 of these libraries go -into schools every year and 15,000 children read the books.</p> - -<p>Civil Service law in operation since Dec. 22, 1910.</p> - -<p>Fiction. Moved from the main Lending Room on 2nd floor to -separate department on 1st floor Oct., 1912, for the convenience of -borrowers.</p> - -<p>High School Room, on 1st floor of Main Library. Contains -books on the required reading lists of the four high schools. Opened -March 13, 1918, for convenience of high school students. The whole -Library is open to them for general use as before.</p> - -<p>"The Library and the Museum Therein," first issued June 28, -1918. An eight page journal, illustrated, describing the activities and -acquisitions of Library and Museum. Five numbers have appeared to -date.</p> - -<p>Music collection added April, 1907. Over $500 raised by -friends for nucleus of collection.</p> - -<p>"The Newarker", a "house organ", published "To introduce a -City to itself and to its Public Library". Contained notices and -articles on library activities and on local matters of public interest. -Issued by the Library, Nov., 1911-Oct., 1915. Was taken over as -news sheet of 250th Anniversary Committee of 100, Nov., 1915-Oct., -1916, and discontinued thereafter.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">« 22 »</a></span></p> - -<p>North Lawn. $53,750 appropriated by Common Council for -purchase of 25 ft. lot, May 8, 1906.</p> - -<p>Periodical Dept. Moved to 2nd floor corridor, Sept., 1918, for -convenience of readers.</p> - -<p>Registration Dept. Special room for registering new borrowers, -adults and children, and for general registration work; opened on 1st -floor, Oct. 14, 1912. Put the clerical work of the Library in one -place, under one head.</p> - -<p>Technical Dept., with books, magazines and pamphlets on trades -and sciences, established Nov. 15, 1908.</p> - -<p>Time limit on the borrowing of books, extended from 2 weeks to -1 month, March, 1904. One of the first libraries in the country to do -this.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Lincoln_Highway" name="Lincoln_Highway"></a><i>Lincoln Highway</i>: Ocean-to-ocean highway from New York to San -Francisco, named in honor of Abraham Lincoln. Formally opened in -Jersey City and Newark, Dec. 13, 1913. Route through Newark: -From city line east to city line south, on Old Plank Road, Ferry, -Merchant, Lafayette, Broad, Clinton Ave., Astor St. and Frelinghuysen -Ave. Section between Jersey City and Newark, formerly called Old -Plank Road, now 100 ft. boulevard, cost $1,000,000. Turns marked -by red, white and gold signs.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Little" name="Little"></a><i>Little Mother's League</i>: Organized in Belmont Ave. School, May 10, -1915, with 46 members, and in Montgomery School, May 26, 1915, -with 29 members. Under direction of Health Bd.'s Div. of Child -Hygiene. Members, girls between 11 and 13 years of age, volunteer -to help care for city's babies. Each member undertakes the care of -one mother and baby in her own neighborhood, visits them once a week -and reports at consultation meetings held in the schools. Since May, -1915, over 1,151 girls have received and given instruction in the care, -feeding and management of babies.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Lunches" name="Lunches"></a><i>Lunches, Public School</i>: Penny lunches served at Hawkins St. School, -beginning Dec. 23, 1914. Average daily cost during first months, -$1.80; average receipts, $1.51, and cost of free portions, 29 cents. -Later provided in Lawrence and South St. schools.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Medical_History" name="Medical_History"></a><i>Medical History, Museum of</i>: In 1916, steps were taken by Dr. W. -S. Disbrow, then President of the Bd. of Health, to collect and exhibit -"everything which would illustrate the history of medicine in our city, -from its foundation".</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">« 23 »</a></span></p> - -<p>A large room on the top floor of the Bd. of Health Building, -at 94 William St., was set aside for this purpose.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Medical_Inspection" name="Medical_Inspection"></a><i>Medical Inspection</i>: Inaugurated in public schools, 1901, under joint -control of Bd. of Education and Bd. of Health. Entire control passed -to Bd. of Education, 1908-09. Originally organized as a means to -control spread of contagious disease, activities have been enlarged to -include all matters relating to the health of school children. In 1914 -the number of school physicians was reduced from 38 to 8, and the -number of nurses increased from 8 to 26. Public school clinic, 25 -Market St., was opened April, 1916, and a trained psychologist added -to the staff of experts, Feb., 1918. Medical inspection in parochial -schools is carried on by Bd. of Health.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Medical_Library" name="Medical_Library"></a><i>Medical Library Association</i>: Organized Nov. 18, 1905. The library -is housed in and administered by Free Public Library.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Memorial_Tablets" name="Memorial_Tablets"></a><i>Memorial Tablets</i>: See <a href="#Tablets">Tablets, Memorial</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Memorial_Trees" name="Memorial_Trees"></a><i>Memorial Trees</i>: See <a href="#Trees">Trees, Memorial</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Mental_Hygiene" name="Mental_Hygiene"></a><i>Mental Hygiene, Bureau of—Board of Health</i>: Established May, -1919. Movement started by establishment of a psychopathic ward in -City Hospital as early as 1908. Purpose is to provide a clearing -house for cases of mental or nervous disorder and of defectives coming -to attention of courts, charitable associations or other city agencies. Will -study and contend against drug addiction, enforce prohibition, observe -neuro-psychiatric cases among former soldiers and care of psychological -cases in parochial schools.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Mexican_Border" name="Mexican_Border"></a><i>Mexican Border Uprising</i>: First N. J. Regiment entrained for Sea -Girt to prepare for border service, June 21, 1916.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Milk_Supply" name="Milk_Supply"></a><i>Milk Supply</i>: Thoroughly supervised by Food and Drug Division of -Board of Health, established 1913. Dairies and creameries are inspected -and scored. Milk, except from exceptionally good dairies, -must be pasteurized. Sale of unbottled milk prohibited by city ordinance, -adopted Feb. 1, 1916.</p> - -<p>Present supply estimate is 100,000 quarts daily. About 25,000 -less than 2 years ago. Decrease in quantity due to increased cost. -3 municipal depots, where milk is on sale at lowest possible price, opened -by Mayor, Jan., 1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Monuments" name="Monuments"></a><i>Monuments</i>: See <a href="#Statues">Statues and Monuments</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Moving_Pictures" name="Moving_Pictures"></a><i>Moving Pictures</i>: First show licensed, Feb. 1, 1906, in 1919, 39. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">« 24 »</a></span> -City ordinance under which "Shows and Exhibitions" are regulated, -amended, 1910, to include moving picture houses.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Municipal_Christmas" name="Municipal_Christmas"></a><i>Municipal Christmas Trees</i>: See <a href="#Christmas_Trees">Christmas Trees, Municipal</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Municipal_Employment" name="Municipal_Employment"></a><i>Municipal Employment Bureau</i>: See <a href="#Employment_Bureau">Employment Bureau, Municipal</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Municipal_Exhibition" name="Municipal_Exhibition"></a><i>Municipal Exhibition</i>: See <a href="#Exhibitions">Exhibitions</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Museum" name="Museum"></a><i>Museum Association</i>: Founded through the efforts of the members of -the Fine Arts Commission, the Committee on Art and Science Collections, -and John Cotton Dana, of the Public Library.</p> - -<p>Incorporated, April 29, 1909, with 50 elective trustees and 5 ex-officio -trustees representing the city government and the Bd. of Education, -by special act of N. J. Legislature. Established for the reception -and exhibition of articles of art, science, history and technology and for -the encouragement of the study of the arts and sciences. Rockwell -Japanese Collection purchased for $10,000 and Museum formally -opened in rooms in the Library lent by Library trustees, Feb. 24, 1910.</p> - -<p>With annual appropriations, collections, cases and equipment have -been acquired, valued at over $100,000. Paintings, sculpture, -pottery, glass, textiles, bronzes, American Indian material, models of -the habitations of man, and many examples of art and industry. Collections -also include over 3,000 objects lent to schools for classroom -use. Systematic lending of objects. for classroom use began in 1914. -In 5 years, 19,012 objects were lent. Largest number lent in one -year, 1918, was 7,357.</p> - -<p>Disbrow Science Collections held in trust by the Library, were -turned over to the Museum, 1912.</p> - -<p>Membership in the Museum Assoc. open to all. Dues paid used -for maintenance of the collections and purchase of new objects. 10 or -12 special exhibitions are held each year in addition to permanent exhibitions -of objects owned by the Museum. Admission, free.</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Exhibitions">Exhibitions</a>; <a href="#Junior_Museum">Junior Museum Club</a>; <a href="#Medical_History">Medical History, -Museum of</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Music_Festivals" name="Music_Festivals"></a><i>Music Festivals</i>: First, held at 1st Regiment Armory, 1915. World-famous -artists attracted thousands. Dates for the first and succeeding -festivals, with the names of the leading soloists, follow:</p> - -<table class="left" summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl1">1st.</td> - <td class="tdl">May 4, 5, 6, 1915. Anna Case, Pasquale Amata, Gadski, - Witherspoon, Matzenauer, Kreisler.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">2nd.</td> - <td class="tdl">250th Anniversary Event, May 1, 2, 3, 4, 1916. Anna Case, Ethel - Leginska, Freida Hempel, Julia Culp.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">3rd.</td> - <td class="tdl">May 1, 2, 3, 1917. John McCormack, Lucy Gates (in place of - Galli-Curci), Ysaye. - <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">« 25 »</a></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">4th.</td> - <td class="tdl">April 30, May 1, 2, 1918. Geraldine Farrar, Lucy Gates, Arthur - Middleton, Clarence Whitehill, Giovanni Martinelli.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">5th.</td> - <td class="tdl">May 16, 17, 19, 1919. Anna Case. Reinald Werrenrath, Caruso, - Toscha Seidel.</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Naturalization" name="Naturalization"></a><i>Naturalization</i>: Public school evening classes preparing foreigners for -U. S. citizenship organized, 1912.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Newark" name="Newark"></a><i>Newark Day</i>: For the purpose of studying history and development -of Newark, Nov. 7, 1910, the day before Election Day, was set aside -by Bd. of Education. At the board meeting, Oct. 27, 1910, it was -recommended that principals and teachers and, whenever possible, citizens -and officials lecture to the pupils about the city in which they live. -The day before Election Day was chosen because local interest would -naturally be increased at that time.</p> - -<p>Since then interest in the day has grown through the action of the -Schoolmen's Club, composed of men teachers, principals and educational -officials, which adopted the suggestion of Mr. Frank J. Urquhart, -of the Newark Sunday Call, to mark by tablets important historical -spots in the city.</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Tablets">Tablets, Memorial</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Newspapers_Journals" name="Newspapers_Journals"></a><i>Newspapers and Journals</i>:</p> - - -<p class="center">Newspapers.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">News, evg.</td> - <td class="center">circ.</td> - <td class="tdr">92,044,</td> - <td class="center">1919.</td> - <td class="center">Est.</td> - <td class="tdr">1883</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Call, Sun.</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">50,000,</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">1872</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Star-Eagle, evg.</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">50,000,</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr"><a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Ledger, morn., Sun.</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">32,245,</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">1914</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Roseville Citizen, wkly.</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">5,958,</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">1915</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Evg. Star, successor to Daily Advertiser, consolidated with Morn. -Eagle, Jan. 28, 1916, and from Jan. 31, 1916, published under name -Star-Eagle.</p></div> - - -<p class="center">Foreign Newspapers.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">N. J. Freie Zeitung (German) morn.</td> - <td class="center">circ.</td> - <td class="tdr">11,000,</td> - <td class="center">Sun.</td> - <td class="tdr">15,000,</td> - <td class="center">Est.</td> - <td class="tdr">1857</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Kronika (Polish) wkly.</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">15,538,</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">1908</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">L'Ora (Italian) "</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">2,000,</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">1902</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Montagna (Italian) "</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">1894</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Revista (English and Italian)</td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">2,000,</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="center">"</td> - <td class="tdr">1905</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">« 26 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="center">School Journals.</p> - -<p>Acropolis, Barringer High School; Orient, East Side High School; -The Pivot, Central High School; The Optimist, South Side High -School; Polymnian, Newark Academy; St. Benedict's College -Quarterly, St. Benedict's College; "Fratech", Newark Technical -School; "The Worker", Boys' Industrial; "The Pioneer", Robert -Treat School; "Lafayette Messenger", Lafayette School; "Cleveland -Alternate", Cleveland Grammar and Junior High School; "Onward", -Newark City Home, Verona, N. J.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Normal_School" name="Normal_School"></a><i>Normal School, N. J. State</i>: Formerly Newark Normal School. -Transferred from city to state, July 1, 1913. New building on Belleville -and 4th Aves., opened Sept. 16, 1913. $500,000 finally agreed -upon March, 1919, as purchase price acceptable to city in transfer.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Open_Air" name="Open_Air"></a><i>Open Air Classes</i>: Inaugurated Feb., 1911, in Elizabeth Ave. -School building for weak, sickly and anaemic children. This school -was later set apart for children in incipient cases of tuberculosis and -classes for anaemic children were organized in 13 regular schools.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Pageant" name="Pageant"></a><i>Pageant</i>: See <a href="#Anniversary_250th">250th Anniversary</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Parades" name="Parades"></a><i>Parades</i>: See <a href="#Anniversary_250th">250th Anniversary</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Parental_School_Essex" name="Parental_School_Essex"></a><i>Parental School, Essex Co.</i>: See <a href="#Delinquent_Children">Delinquent Children</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Parental_School_Newark" name="Parental_School_Newark"></a><i>Parental School, Newark</i>: See <a href="#Delinquent_Children">Delinquent Children</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Parks_City" name="Parks_City"></a><i>Parks, City</i>: Under care and supervision of Shade Tree Div. of Dept. -of Parks and Public Property. Distinct from county-controlled parks, -like Branch Brook, Weequahic, East Side, West Side and Riverbank, -which happen to lie within city boundaries. Largest and most familiar -are Lincoln, Military and Washington, all bordering on Broad St. -Besides these parks, there are, in business and residential sections, green -squares and triangles, to serve as breathing spaces and recreation centers.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1905</i></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1919</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">No. of parks</td> - <td class="tdr">19</td> - <td class="tdr">29</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Park area in acres</td> - <td class="tdr">19.18</td> - <td class="tdr">21.77</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Value of park land</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">$9,267,000</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>Among parks added to the system since 1905, when Shade Tree -Commission first took charge of the parks, are Wallace Park, a triangle -of land bounded by Wallace St., Wallace Pl. and Bank St., purchased -by city, 1907; Court House Park, fronting Court House, between -Market St. and Springfield Ave., deeded to city by county, 1907; -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">« 27 »</a></span> -Herper's Park, Randolph and So. 15th St., given to city by Mr. and -Mrs. Henry Herpers, 1914, and named in their honor. Ground about -drinking fountain, which marks the first landing place of Robert Treat -and his followers, cultivated and known since 1916 as Landing Place -Park. Name of Madison Park, bounded by Clinton, Belmont and -Madison Aves., changed to McKinley Circle when Hiker Statue was -unveiled Memorial Day, 1914, in memory of the President who called -the Hiker Men to service. Triangle, between Central Ave., Fourth -St. and Warren St., previously known as Central Ave. Park, Central -Square, etc., named Liberty Square, 1913.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Parks_Essex" name="Parks_Essex"></a><i>Parks, Essex County</i>: Parks within the boundaries of Newark, but -controlled by the Essex Co. Park Commission, are Branch Brook, Eastside, -Westside, Weequahic and Riverbank.</p> - -<p>Weequahic Park enlarged by 50 acres, 1908; Municipal Golf -Course of 9 holes opened, 1914, and used by 14,000 players during -1915.</p> - -<p>Riverbank Park opened, 1911. Land cost $200,000.</p> - -<p>Essex Co. Park Commission Administration Building erected in -Branch Brook Park, 1914.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Parkways" name="Parkways"></a><i>Parkways</i>: Parking strips or green cultivated stretches running through -street centers. First deeded to city, 1911. Originally constructed by -private land companies. When taken over by the city, they came under -the care of the Shade Tree Commission. These parkways to be found -on Belmont, Chadwick, Fourth, Seymour, Hawthorne and Vassar Aves. -and Heller Parkway, and a number of other streets. Park Ave. Parkway -is under county park management. City parkways in 1919 add -8.58 acres to the park area.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Parochial_Schools" name="Parochial_Schools"></a><i>Parochial Schools</i>: See <a href="#Schools_Parochial">Schools, Parochial</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Passaic_Valley" name="Passaic_Valley"></a><i>Passaic Valley Trunk Sewer</i>: Passaic River became so polluted by -the sewage of Newark and other cities lying along its course from Paterson -south, that in 1896 a movement was started by Paterson and Newark -Boards of Trade, for the purification of the river. After 16 years of -litigation, 15 municipalities joined in building a great trunk sewer to -collect the sewage of towns in Passaic Valley District, carry it across -Newark Bay and discharge it into upper New York Bay. Work began -July, 1912, under direction of the Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission, -authorized by act of N. J. Legislature, 1907. The cost, -estimated at $12,000,000, will be met by assessments on the municipalities -joined in the project. In 1919, 90% complete.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">« 28 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Paving" name="Paving"></a><i>Paving</i>: See <a href="#Street_Paving">Street Paving</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Physical_Training" name="Physical_Training"></a><i>Physical Training</i>: Made an essential part of elementary school curriculum, -Sept., 1904.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Playgrounds" name="Playgrounds"></a><i>Playgrounds</i>: Until July, 1919, there were 3 systems of playgrounds -in Newark: 1. Under Control of Bd. of Education, conducted on -school grounds; 2. Under control of Essex Co. Park Commission on -playfields in all county parks; 3. Under control of Dept. of Playgrounds, -under the Bd. of Recreation Commissioners. The last are -generally called "City Playgrounds".</p> - -<p>In July, 1919, control of the city playgrounds passed to the Bd. -of Education, a transfer under active consideration for a number of -months.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Playgrounds_City" name="Playgrounds_City"></a><i>Playgrounds, City</i>: The Bd. of Playground Commissioners was established -by act of N. J. Legislature, 1907, to provide playgrounds and -recreation places. It was composed of 5 members appointed for 5 -years. In 1915 the name was changed to Bd. of Recreation Commissioners, -in charge of playgrounds and public baths. Under commission -government this board was responsible to the Dept. of Public -Affairs, but in 1919, as has been stated, control and ownership of the -city playgrounds passed to the Bd. of Education in line with the carrying -out of a comprehensive recreation program.</p> - -<div style="margin-left: 12em;"> -<ol> - <li>Canal St., Canal & Commerce Sts.<br /> - 113' × 112'. Owned. Opened Oct. 1, 1907.</li> - - <li>Prince St., Prince St. & Waverly Ave.<br /> - 100' × 103'. Owned (partly). Opened May 1, 1908.</li> - - <li>Newton St., Nos. 68-70 Newton St.<br /> - 100' × 100'. Owned. Opened Dec. 10, 1908.</li> - - <li>Lafayette St., Lafayette St. & N. J. R. R. Ave.<br /> - 210' × 90'. Leased. Opened Sept. 6, 1911 (closed).</li> - - <li>Oliver St., Oliver & Chestnut Sts.<br /> - 156' × 241'. Leased. Opened Sept. 6, 1912.</li> - - <li>Belleville Ave., Belleville & Arlington Aves.<br /> - 149' × 359'. Leased. Opened Aug. 15, 1913 (closed).</li> - - <li>Summer Ave., Summer Ave. & D'Auria St.<br /> - 50' × 99'. Lent. Opened Sept. 17, 1913.</li> - - <li>Vailsburg. So. Orange Ave. & Boylan St.<br /> - 518' × 235'. Owned. Opened July 24, 1915.</li> - - <li>Avon Ave., Avon Ave. & So. 10th St.<br /> - 246' × 175'. Lent. Opened 1915 (closed).</li> - - <li>Broad St., Bet. Emmet & Wright Sts.<br /> - 118' × 89'. Leased. Opened Sept. 1, 1915.</li> - - <li>Morton St., Morton St. & College Pl. & Howard St.<br /> - 87' × 121'. Lent. Opened Dec. 1, 1914.</li> - - <li>West End, So. Orange Ave. & 12th St.<br /> - 550' × 530'. Lent. Opened Sept., 1916 (closed).</li> - - <li>East Side, Wilson Ave.<br /> - Owned. Opened July 1, 1918.</li> -</ol> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">« 29 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Police_Department" name="Police_Department"></a><i>Police Department</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="center" colspan="2"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="center" colspan="2"><i>1919</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">444</td> - <td class="tdl1">members of force.</td> - <td class="tdr">842</td> - <td class="tdl">members of force.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">4</td> - <td class="tdl1">precincts.</td> - <td class="tdr">8</td> - <td class="tdl">precincts.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">6</td> - <td class="tdl1">bicycle officers.</td> - <td class="tdr">29</td> - <td class="tdl">motorcycle officers.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">8</td> - <td class="tdl1">mounted officers.</td> - <td class="tdr">29</td> - <td class="tdl">mounted officers.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="4"> - <p class="p0">1910. Oct. 1, Autos replaced horse-drawn vehicles.<br /> - 1916. Replacement completed.<br /> - 1919. 17 autos.<br /> - 1904. Cost of administration, $ 509,644.<br /> - 1918. " " " $1,414,098.</p> - </td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p>First policewoman appointed Aug. 1, 1918. 3 on force Aug., 1919. -Called in cases involving the handling of girls or women.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Poor" name="Poor"></a><i>Poor and Alms Department and Almshouse Survey</i>: Made by Dept. -of Surveys and Exhibits—Russell Sage Foundation under direction of -Francis H. McLean, 1918-1919. Considers whole family welfare -problem of the city,—poverty, relief and social agencies. $1,400 -appropriated by Bd. of Commissioners for Work.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Population" name="Population"></a><i>Population</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">1904.</td> - <td class="tdl2">272,000, Bd. of Health estimate.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">1905.</td> - <td class="tdl2">283,000, State Census.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">1910.</td> - <td class="tdl2">347,469, Federal "</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">1915.</td> - <td class="tdl2">366,729, State "</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">1918.</td> - <td class="tdl2">430,000, Bd. of Health estimate.</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Port_Newark" name="Port_Newark"></a><i>Port Newark</i>: Development involved: (1) Reclamation of 4,000 -acres of tide marshland on Newark Bay. (2) Construction of ship -channel 7,000 ft. long, 400 ft. wide at bottom, and 20 ft. deep at -mean low water, the channel to extend into marshland for a distance of -½ to 1 mile. (3) Building of dock frontage of 4,500 ft. with derricks, -tracks, and other equipment for handling freight. (4) Building -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">« 30 »</a></span> -of pier 1,200 ft. long and 150 ft. wide, extending into bay from end -of dock, equipped with tracks, etc., to accommodate ocean vessels. -(5) Railway distributing and transfer system covering the reclaimed -area and connecting with at least 3 trunk lines. Central Railroad of -N. J., Pennsylvania and Lehigh Valley already cross this area. (6) -At least 1 wide paved avenue of approach from center of city.</p> - -<p>Actual work begun March, 1914. Under City Dept. of Docks -and Meadows, with Morris R. Sherrerd, Chief Engineer, and James C. -Hallock, engineer in charge. Funds provided by $2,000,000 bond -issue authorized by N. J. Legislature.</p> - -<p>Oct. 20, 1915, named Port Newark Terminal Day and declared -a public holiday by the Mayor. Marked by first public inspection of -the work.</p> - -<p>U. S. government in 1917 leased land in this area for Submarine -Boat Corporation and also 133 acres for the Quartermaster's -Supply Depot.</p> - -<p>Course of development changed by war, and future plans now -uncertain.</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Postal_Service" name="Postal_Service"></a><i>Postal Service</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1918</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Sub-stations</td> - <td class="tdr">26</td> - <td class="tdr">68</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Carriers</td> - <td class="tdr">170</td> - <td class="tdr">328</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Pieces of mail handled</td> - <td class="tdr">85,978,300</td> - <td class="tdr">181,584,236</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Total receipts</td> - <td class="tdr">$634,197</td> - <td class="tdr">$2,115,549.87</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>Opening of aerial mail station at Heller Field in Forest Hill Section, -originally set for July 1, 1919, has been postponed.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Prices" name="Prices"></a><i>Prices, Food</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1914</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1918</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Rib Roast (per lb.)</td> - <td class="center">(Not available for Newark)</td> - <td class="tdr">$.22</td> - <td class="tdr">$.39</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Flour, wheat (per lb.)</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">.03</td> - <td class="tdr">.07</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Eggs (per doz.)</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">.35</td> - <td class="tdr">.52</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Butter (per lb.)</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">.33</td> - <td class="tdr">.55</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Sugar (per lb.)</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - <td class="tdr">.09</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Milk (per qt.)</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">.09</td> - <td class="tdr">.14<br /> -</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Prison_Reform" name="Prison_Reform"></a><i>Prison Reform</i>: (Here are recorded a few facts about N. J. procedure, -selected because of their connection with the administration of -law for Newark. Complete review of state conditions and progress -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">« 31 »</a></span> -will be found in the Report of the Prison Inquiry Commission, published -1917.)</p> - - -<p>Indeterminate Sentence: Or sentence to imprisonment without a fixed -time for its termination. Adopted by act of N. J. Legislature April -21, 1911. Is in accordance with the principle that imprisonment is -primarily for reformation and that offenders should be released as soon -as they have shown themselves again ready to be fit members of society. -Provides for a maximum and minimum term, the maximum varying with -nature of offense and the minimum not less than a year and not more -than two-thirds of the maximum.</p> - -<p>Prior to 1911 this practice had applied only to the State Reformatory.</p> - - -<p class="p0">Prison Labor: Law abolishing private contract system of labor directing -that work of convicts should be employed in manufacture of goods -for state-use was passed by N. J. Legislature, June 7, 1911. Prison -Labor Commission created March 28, 1912, to direct development of -"state-use" system and control its operation, but without sufficient -authority to assure its success. Act passed, April 4, 1913, provided -that unfilled contracts might be continued until state-use industries had -been established. In view of the practical failure to introduce "state-use" -system within the prisons, outside employment of prisoners was -authorized by act of April 11, 1910, and subsequent amendments. -Since 1913, 4 road camps have been opened for employment of convicts -on state roads and have proved a relative success. Farming has -also proved profitable. This system not only aims to prevent waste of -state resources but to provide industrial training for inmates of correctional -institutions of the state.</p> - -<p>Employment of county prisoners and payment of earnings to -their families was provided for by N. J. law passed 1915. Wardens -of jails are instructed to give preference to men serving terms for nonsupport. -At Essex Co. jail in Newark, $3,000 or $4,000 have thus -been contributed to prisoners' families otherwise left destitute. Benefits -will increase as practice is further systematized.</p> - -<p class="p0">Probation System: Probation and suspended sentence first introduced -by act of Legislature, April 2, 1906. Authorizes courts and magistrates -to suspend sentence of persons convicted of criminal offenses, to -release them on probation and for such time and under such conditions -as the court determines instead of imposing penalty provided by the law. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">« 32 »</a></span> -Reformatory for Women, N. J. State: At Clinton Farms, Hunterdon -Co. Provided for by act of N. J. Legislature, 1910. Opened Jan., -1913. To which the criminal court judges may, at their discretion, -send females about the age of 17, who have committed a State Prison -offense. Aims to return women to a self-respecting, self-supporting life. -All commitments are for an indefinite term limited only by the maximum -period of imprisonment fixed by law.</p> - -<p class="p0">Social Investigation: Investigation of social facts regarding prisoners -to be sentenced and circumstances attending Crime was begun in 1908. -Made part of probation office work. No sentence is now passed by -Essex Co. Court judge until a written statement of all such facts has -been presented. Judge no longer tries to make the punishment fit the -crime but to make the punishment fit the prisoner and restore him to his -normal place in society.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Probation_System" name="Probation_System"></a><i>Probation System</i>: See <a href="#Delinquent_Children">Delinquent Children</a>: <a href="#Prison_Reform">Prison Reform</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Public_Baths" name="Public_Baths"></a><i>Public Baths</i>: See <a href="#Baths_Public">Baths, Public</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Public_Comfort" name="Public_Comfort"></a><i>Public Comfort Station</i>: See <a href="#Comfort_Stations">Comfort Station, Public</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Public_Lectures" name="Public_Lectures"></a><i>Public Lectures</i>: See <a href="#Lectures_Public">Lectures, Public</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Public_Schools" name="Public_Schools"></a><i>Public Schools</i>: See <a href="#Schools_Public">Schools, Public</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Public_Service_Corp" name="Public_Service_Corp"></a><i>Public Service Corporation of N. J.</i>: Maintains gas, electric and railway -departments. Through its subsidiary companies it furnishes gas, -electric light and power, and street railway facilities to most of the -people of the state.</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Public_Service_Terminal">Public Service Terminal</a>; <a href="#Trolleys">Trolleys</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Public_Service_Terminal" name="Public_Service_Terminal"></a><i>Public Service Terminal</i>: Work on new Public Service Terminal, -Park Pl., begun June 24, 1914. Opened for street railway operation, -April 30, 1916. Cost, $5,000,000. Terminal arrangements -and tunnel system are President Thomas N. McCarter's solution of -Newark's traffic problem, especially at the "Four Corners". It is -estimated that 400 cars, carrying in both directions 50,000 people, -may pass in and out of the Terminal during one hour.</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Trolleys">Trolleys</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Reformatory" name="Reformatory"></a><i>Reformatory for Women, N. J. State</i>: See <a href="#Prison_Reform">Prison Reform</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Safety" name="Safety"></a><i>"Safety First" and the Schools</i>: American Safety League gave talks -in all public schools, Feb., 1912, distributing blue and white buttons to -pupils as reminders of the organization in which they are enrolled.</p> - -<p>N. J. Legislature passed a law that school children be instructed -in self protection and accident prevention, April 7, 1913.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">« 33 »</a></span></p> - -<p>Complying with this law, N. J. Dept. of Public Instruction issued -a monograph for use in schools on "Dangers and Safeguards," Feb., -1915. Prepared in collaboration with Newark Bur. of Combustibles -and Fire Risks, Public Service Corporation, Employers' Liability Commission -and State Bd. of Health, teaches how fires may be prevented, -many street and railway accidents avoided, industrial workers safeguarded, -diseases combated and first aid administered.</p> - -<p>Law providing that no vehicle should travel at a greater speed -than six miles an hour when approaching a schoolhouse, provided signs -easily visible were placed on the highway, indicating school locations, -passed by N. J. Legislature, April 6, 1915.</p> - -<p>Public Service Corporation furthered "Safely First" campaign by -talks in public and parochial schools, May, 1915.</p> - -<p>Public School Safety Patrol established April, 1917. A member -of the city police force has charge of this work under attendance -department of Bd. of Education. Members are appointed each term -from students of upper grades in schools. A chief is chosen in each -school. The chief and other members take a pledge and each is furnished -with an arm band as emblem of authority. There are 50 girls -and 600 boys in the force. Duties: To prevent taking of unnecessary -risks by pupils in going to and returning from school; To guard younger -children against traffic accidents and to prevent disorderly conduct -among school children on the street; To aid in keeping streets and sidewalks -clean.</p> - -<p>48% decrease from previous year in number of accidents by cars -to children going to and from school in Newark, Feb.-Sept., 1918, -credited to instruction by Safety League.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="School_Houses" name="School_Houses"></a><i>School Houses as Social Centers</i>: Authorized by rules adopted by Bd. -of Education, Aug. 31, 1915, under act of N. J. Legislature, passed, -1913. First used as polling places in 1917 primaries.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">« 34 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="School_Names_Changed" name="School_Names_Changed"></a><i>School Names Changed</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Alyea St.</td> - <td class="tdl">to Binet No. 3.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Ann St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " John Catlin.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Coes Pl.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Binet No. 2.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Park Ave.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Dayton.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">18th Ave.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Milford.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Elliot St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Elliot.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">15th Ave.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Moses Bigelow.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Hamburg Pl. (Wilson Ave.)</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Monteith.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Hawthorne Ave.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Hawthorne.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Lafayette St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Lafayette.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Madison St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Madison.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Miller St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Hamilton.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Montgomery St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Montgomery.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Morton St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Joseph E. Haynes.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Newton St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Newton.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">No. 7th St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Garfield.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Oliver St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Carteret.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Peshine Ave.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Berkeley.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Ridge St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Ridge.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">7th Ave.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " McKinley.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">State St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Binet No. 1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">13th Ave.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Robert Treat.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Webster St.</td> - <td class="tdl"> " Webster.</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="School_Savings_Banks" name="School_Savings_Banks"></a><i>School Savings Banks</i>: Purpose: To inculcate and encourage thrift.</p> - -<p>Essential features of plan: To have pupils themselves manage -banks' work as far as possible.</p> - -<p>To organize a board of savings bank directors, appointed for each -school by its principal.</p> - -<p>To place school accounts, over $1.00, with such Newark banks as -have endorsed the school bank plan.</p> - -<p>To open individual accounts with the same banks for those pupils -who have deposited a sum that shall be thought sufficient and to require -that no sum be withdrawn without the parent's written consent.</p> - -<p>1st bank established in East Side High School, March, 1915.</p> - -<p>Randall Law, authorizing school savings banks, passed by N. J. -Legislature, Feb., 1916.</p> - -<p>9 schools, now operating school banks: East Side High, Central -High, Abington Ave., Cleveland, Lafayette, Monteith, Newton St., -Warren St., Washington St.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center vbot"><i>1917-18</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Total to<br />July, 1918</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Deposits made</td> - <td class="tdr">$14,082.83</td> - <td class="tdr">$29,855.57</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Interest credited</td> - <td class="tdr">78.66</td> - <td class="tdr">188.43</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Transferred to local banks</td> - <td class="tdr">9,492.20</td> - <td class="tdr">16,305.70</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Withdrawn by pupils</td> - <td class="tdr">4,777.99</td> - <td class="tdr">9,207.97</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Balance in banks</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">4,528.33</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">No. of depositors</td> - <td class="tdr">2,461</td> - <td class="tdr">7,312</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Depositors closing accts.</td> - <td class="tdr">1,847</td> - <td class="tdr">2,529</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Remaining depositors</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">4,783</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="tb_stars">* * * * *</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">« 35 »</a></span></p> - - -<p>Idea originated in Belgium. Introduced in U. S. in Beloit, Wis., -1876. Permanently established in U. S. by John Henry Thiry, a -Belgian, 1885. Amount of school deposits in U. S., $5,000,000, -1915.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="School_Survey" name="School_Survey"></a><i>School Survey</i>: Made by Bur. of Municipal Research under direction -of Essex Co. Public Welfare Committee and with approval of Bd. of -Education, 1914.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Schools_Parochial" name="Schools_Parochial"></a><i>Schools, Parochial</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1919</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Total number of pupils enrolled</td> - <td class="tdr">7,202</td> - <td class="tdr">14,741</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="3">Teaching force:</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Sisters</span></td> - <td class="tdr">114</td> - <td class="tdr">229</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Brothers</span></td> - <td class="tdr">8</td> - <td class="tdr">9</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Lay Teachers</span></td> - <td class="tdr">14</td> - <td class="tdr">31</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Number of schools</td> - <td class="tdr">21</td> - <td class="tdr">26</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>Rev. John A. Dillon was appointed superintendent of schools for the -Diocese of Newark, January 2nd, 1910.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Schools_Public" name="Schools_Public"></a><i>Schools, Public</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1903-04</i></td> - <td class="center" colspan="2"><i>1918-19</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Total number of pupils enrolled</td> - <td class="tdr">43,742</td> - <td class="tdr1">75,461</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">High school enrollment</td> - <td class="tdr">1,264</td> - <td class="tdr1">5,398</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Evening school enrollment</td> - <td class="tdr">7,377</td> - <td class="tdr1">12,100</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Summer school enrollment (1904)</td> - <td class="tdr">8,546</td> - <td class="tdr1">19,199</td> - <td>(1919)</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Teaching force (day schools)</td> - <td class="tdr">967</td> - <td class="tdr1">2,071</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Number of schools</td> - <td class="tdr">56</td> - <td class="tdr1">69</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Number of high schools</td> - <td class="tdr">1</td> - <td class="tdr1">4</td> - <td class="tdl">-Senior</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="2"></td> - <td class="tdr1">3</td> - <td class="tdl">-Junior</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Number of evening schools</td> - <td class="tdr">15</td> - <td class="tdr1">23</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Number of summer schools (1904)</td> - <td class="tdr">15</td> - <td class="tdr">34</td> - <td>(1919)</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>Dr. David B. Corson was elected superintendent July 1, 1918, to -succeed Dr. Addison B. Poland, city superintendent from 1901 until -his death, Sept. 15, 1917.</p> - -<p>See also under name of subject, <a href="#All-Year_School">All-Year School</a>, etc.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Shade_Tree" name="Shade_Tree"></a><i>Shade Tree Commission</i>: Organized, 1904. Composed of three -members, residents, appointed by mayor to serve without compensation. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">« 36 »</a></span> -Charged (1) with planting, care, protection and maintenance of street -trees. (2) with care, maintenance and improvement of the parks. -Under commission government, known as Shade Tree Div. of Dept. of -Parks and Public Property.</p> - -<p> -<span style="margin-left: 12.5em;"><i>1904</i> <i>1918</i></span><br /> -Shade trees on highways 36,800 66,000<br /> -Shade trees set out 750 30,580<br /> -</p> - -<p>Trees sprayed against insect enemies by Shade Tree Commission as -part of its routine work at request of property owners, without charge. -Cost of spraying, about 15 cents a tree.</p> - -<p>Trees are planted along streets where more shade seems to the -Commission desirable. Property owner in front of whose property tree -is placed assessed for the cost of the tree and planting, recently averaging -about $5 a tree. Called "assessment planting". Assessment collected -as are other taxes. When owners ask to have trees planted on -their property, expense is met by bill rendered to owner. Price varies -with size of tree, but averages $5. Called "request planting".</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Parks_City">Parks, City</a>; <a href="#Parkways">Parkways</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Shipbuilding" name="Shipbuilding"></a><i>Shipbuilding</i>: Since Sept., 1917, the Submarine Boat Corporation at -Port Newark has equipped, set in motion and run at high speed a plant -covering 113 acres and requiring the services of 15,000 workers.</p> - -<p>By July 31, 1919, 63 boats had been launched.</p> - -<p>"Agawam", the first modern steamship built by the company, was -launched at Port Newark, May 30, 1918.</p> - -<p>See also <a href="#Port_Newark">Port Newark Terminal</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Ship_Yard" name="Ship_Yard"></a><i>Ship Yard Workers, Evening Classes for</i>: Established by Bd. of Education, -Jan. 2, 1919, at Robert Treat, Central, East Side and Bergen -St. High Schools, Boys' Vocational School and Fawcett School of -Industrial Arts.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Smoke_Abatement" name="Smoke_Abatement"></a><i>Smoke Abatement Department</i>: Established, 1907, to prevent unhealthful -and unsightly clouds of dense smoke and soot. Under commission -government, a division of the Dept. of Parks and Public -Property.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Social_Service" name="Social_Service"></a><i>Social Service Survey</i>: Searching investigation of population, municipal -administration, social influences, industrial conditions, community problems—saloons, -dance halls, crime, housing, health, political life,—and -public and private charities. Made by John P. Fox for Men and -Religion Forward Movement. Oct. 21-Dec. 7, 1911. Limited -edition of typed copies.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">« 37 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Statues" name="Statues"></a><i>Statues and Monuments</i>: (For list complete to 1914, see Bd. of Education -Leaflet No. 31, Sculpture and Stone Carving in Newark.)</p> - -<p>Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy. Bronze bust erected in Branch -Brook Park on promenade in front of Barringer High School. By -J. M. Didusch. First prize awarded to United Singers of Newark at -twentieth National Saengerfest, Baltimore, Md., 1903, and presented -by them to the city. Erected, May 22, 1904.</p> - -<p>Robert F. Ballantine. Bronze bas-relief. In Eye and Ear Infirmary, -Central Ave. By Jonathan Scott Harley. Unveiled June, -1906.</p> - -<p>Liberty Pole erected in 1793 in Military Park, replaced by -present iron mast, 112 feet high; dedicated Thanksgiving Day, 1906.</p> - -<p>Court House Statues. 8 marble figures symbolizing aspects of -Law on front of building and 2 heroic bronze figures representing Power -and Truth beside the steps. By Andrew O'Connor, Jr. Court house -erected in 1907.</p> - -<p>Mgr. George Hobart Doane, for fifty years rector of St. Patrick's -Cathedral. Bronze statue in Rector Park, opposite Trinity Church. -By William C. Noble. Erected by popular subscription. Unveiled, -Jan. 9, 1908.</p> - -<p>Wisdom instructing the Children of Men. High relief in bronze -over entrance of Free Public Library. By John Flanagan. Subscriptions -raised by Mgr. Doane. Placed, May, 1909.</p> - -<p>Abraham Lincoln. Bronze statue. By Gutzon Borglum. On -Court House plaza, where Newark citizens of 1861 met and pledged -themselves to help preserve the Union. Bequest of Amos H. Van -Horn, citizen of Newark, soldier in the Union army, and member of the -Lincoln Post, G. A. R. Dedicated by surviving members of the Post. -Tendered to the city by Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt and unveiled -Memorial Day, 1911.</p> - -<p>George Washington. Bronze equestrian statue in Washington -Park. By J. Massey Rhind. Bequest of Amos H. Van Horn. -Unveiled, Nov. 2, 1912.</p> - -<p>John F. Dryden, founder of the Prudential Insurance Co. and -pioneer of industrial insurance in America. Bronze statue, a third -more than life size, called heroic, in rotunda of main Prudential building. -By Karl Bitter. Given by field and home office force. Unveiled, -Sept. 24, 1913.</p> - -<p>Normal School, Grotesques. Eight decorative figures representing -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">« 38 »</a></span> -Mathematics, Study, Botany, Thought, Chemistry, Writing, Music, -History. By G. Grandelis. Placed around cornice. Aug., 1912.</p> - -<p>"The Hiker". Bronze statue in memory of Spanish-American -War soldiers, at Clinton and Belmont Aves. By Allen G. Newman. -Given by United Spanish War Veterans. Unveiled, Memorial Day, -1914.</p> - -<p>"Our Lady of Loretto", limestone statue, on 3rd story front of -Loretto Hall, hotel for working girls, on Belleville Ave., near 4th -Ave. By Alfred Kenney. Given by Rev. F. M. O'Neil, of St. -Michael's Church. Placed, Aug. 31, 1915.</p> - -<p>Branford Place Shaft. To mark center of first settlement near -first church, college and court house. Shaft for street illumination, with -bronze tablets on isle of safety, Branford Place. By Gutzon Borglum. -Erected by 250th Anniversary Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled, -May 10, 1916.</p> - -<p>Colleoni. Full-sized reproduction in bronze and marble of the -world's most famous equestrian statue and pedestal of Bartolomeo -Colleoni, by Verrocchio, the original of which stands in Venice. -Erected in Clinton Park, opposite Lincoln Park. Given by Christian -W. Feigenspan. Made under direction of J. Massey Rhind. Unveiling, -July 26, 1916, a feature of the 250th Anniversary celebration.</p> - -<p>Puritans' Landing Place. Drinking fountain at foot of Saybrook -Place. Designed by Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anniversary -Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled, May 10, 1916.</p> - -<p>Puritan and Indian. Bronze shaft for street illumination, with -stone figures of Indian and Puritan at base, site of old Market Place, -Broad St. at Bridge. By Gutzon Borglum. Erected by 250th Anniversary -Committee of One Hundred. Unveiled, May 10, 1916.</p> - -<p>Stone seat in Military Park to mark Training Place site, set aside -in 1669. Military Park was used for training soldiers in colonial days. -Given by N. J. Daughters of the Revolution. Unveiled, May 13, -1916.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Street_Names" name="Street_Names"></a><i>Street Names Changed</i>: During war period, 1917-18.</p> - -<p class="p6"> -Hamburg Pl.to Wilson Ave.<br /> -Bismarck Ave. to Pershing Ave.<br /> -Dresden St. to London St.<br /> -Bremen St. to Marne St.<br /> -Berlin St. to Rome St.<br /> -Frankfort St. to Paris St. -</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">« 39 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Street_Paving" name="Street_Paving"></a><i>Street Paving</i>: Market St. repaved with bitulithic pavement from -Court House to Pennsylvania Railroad Station. Paved from Railroad -Pl. to Broad St., in 1911. Paved from Broad St. west to Pierson's -Alley and work completed, June 29, 1912.</p> - -<p>Broad St. repaved with wood block from Belleville Ave. to -South St. Work begun June, 1914. Completed, Oct. 5, 1914.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Total mileage of paved streets, Jan. 1, 1904, 151.17 miles.<br /> - " " " " " Jan. 1, 1919, 269.22 miles.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="center" colspan="2">Activities, Repair Dept., 1904</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Repairs to bridges</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 1,106.54</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Supervision of sidewalks</td> - <td class="tdr">846.00</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Repairs to crosswalks</td> - <td class="tdr">2,910.98</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Repairs to pavements other than asphalt</td> - <td class="tdr">9,179.06</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Asphalt pavement repairs</td> - <td class="tdr">5,915.64</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr bdt">$ 19,958.22</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="center" colspan="2">Activities, Repair Dept., 1918</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Granite pavements repaired, 21,908 sq. yds.</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 18,314.57</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Brick pavement repaired, 5,755 sq. yds.</td> - <td class="tdr">8,283.08</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Telford pavement repaired, 21,897 sq. yds.</td> - <td class="tdr">7,517.57</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Wood block pavement repaired, 529 sq. yds.</td> - <td class="tdr"> 1,054.54</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Asphalt pavement repaired, 37,970 sq. yds.</td> - <td class="tdr">80,199.69</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Building safety isles</td> - <td class="tdr">1,228.79</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Stone crusher, producing 1,225 cu. yds. broken stone</td> - <td class="tdr">1,826.62</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Cross walks laid and relaid</td> - <td class="tdr">1,537.62</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Streets graded by hand</td> - <td class="tdr">1,252.39</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Repairing roads with broken stone</td> - <td class="tdr">9,247.23</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Miscellaneous repairs</td> - <td class="tdr">20,864.06</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr bdt">$151,326.16</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="center" colspan="2">Sidewalks, 1918</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Cost of supervision</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 2,612.00</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Cost of work done under city contract</td> - <td class="tdr">334.77</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr bdt">$ 2,946.77</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p>On account of war conditions little work was ordered by city. -Property owners under city supervision laid walks costing about $15,000.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">« 40 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Summer_HS" name="Summer_HS"></a><i>Summer High Schools</i>: Opened at Barringer High School, 1914, -with 947 students. 1st and 2nd year classes only. 1915, full 4 -year course introduced. 1919 enrollment, 1,520 students, with 800 at -Central High School and 720 at Barringer.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Surveys" name="Surveys"></a><i>Surveys</i>: See <a href="#Boys_Vocational">Boys' Vocational School</a>; <a href="#Poor">Poor and Alms Department -and Almshouse Survey</a>; <a href="#School_Survey">Public School Survey</a>; <a href="#Social_Service">Social Service Survey</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Tablets" name="Tablets"></a><i>Tablets, Memorial</i>: (The tablets noted as given by Schoolmen's Club -were after first year purchased from a penny fund collected from school -children, but were erected under direction of the Club.)</p> - -<p>Gen. Philip Kearny, for service rendered Italian nation, 1859, -when he fought with forces that drove Austria from the peninsula. -Placed on Kearny statue in Military Park. Given by Italians in -Newark, Memorial Day, 1911.</p> - -<p>John Catlin, Newark's first schoolmaster. Placed at Broad and -Commerce Sts., where he opened his first school in 1876. Given by -Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 6, 1911.</p> - -<p>Gen. Philip Kearny, New Jersey leader in the Civil War. Placed -on Normal School (built on site of Kearny homestead), Belleville and -4th Aves., 1912. Given by Bd. of Education.</p> - -<p>Robert Treat, founder of Newark. Placed on Kinney building, -on site of Robert Treat's home lot, at Broad and Market Sts., by -Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 4, 1912.</p> - -<p>John G. Shea, Catholic historian. Placed on St. Patrick's' Cathedral -by Knights of Columbus, Columbus Day, 1912.</p> - -<p>Camp Frelinghuysen, used by the Union volunteers in 1861. Set -in boulder in Branch Brook Park nearly opposite Barringer High -School, on west side of lake, for lack of suitable spot on actual site -of original training quarters, which extended west of park from Lackawanna -Railroad toward Bloomfield Ave. Given by pupils of Barringer -High School. Unveiled, May 29, 1912.</p> - -<p>Elias G. Heller, who built first schoolhouse in Forest Hill. Placed -in Ridge St. School. Given by his sons. Unveiled, Feb. 11, 1913.</p> - -<p>First Meeting House, built in 1668. Placed on building on -south side of Branford Pl., near Broad St. Given by Schoolmen's -Club. Unveiled, Newark Day, Nov. 3, 1913.</p> - -<p>First Sunday School, founded by Anna Richards, 1814. -Placed by First Presbyterian Church, on exterior wall of Sunday -School building, So. Broad St., opp. Branford Pl. To mark centennial -of school's founding. Dedicated, June Sunday, June 13, 1915.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">« 41 »</a></span></p> - -<p>Work of Jane E. Johnson in Newark schools. Placed in Normal -School, Belleville and 4th Aves. Given by Nathaniel King, of Bd. of -Education, May 13, 1914.</p> - -<p>Washington's route from Philadelphia to Cambridge in 1775, to -take command of Continental Army. Placed on Firemen's building, -Broad and Market Sts., June 25, 1914. Given by N. J. Sons of -the American Revolution.</p> - -<p>Hannibal Goodwin, inventor of photographic film and Newark -clergyman. Placed in Public Library corridor by Newark Camera -Club, Nov. 28, 1914.</p> - -<p>Washington's retreat in 1776. Placed on Trinity Church by -N. J. Sons of American Revolution, March 7, 1914.</p> - -<p>Newark's part in War for American Independence. Placed on -Prudential Building by Schoolmen's Club, Flag Day, 1915.</p> - -<p>Rev. Moses Newell Combs, pioneer in industrial education and -first shoe manufacturer in Newark. Dedicated, Newark Day, Nov. 1, -1915, and placed on building at 75 Market St., by Schoolmen's Club, -March 10, 1916.</p> - -<p>Aaron Burr's parsonage, where first classes of College of New -Jersey, now Princeton University, were held, 1748-1756. Placed on -Koenig building, Broad and William Sts., by Princeton Club, May 10, -1916.</p> - -<p>Revolutionary camping ground, in Phillips Park. Set in a -boulder from Fox Hill. Given by N. J. Daughters of American -Revolution, May 19, 1916.</p> - -<p>Site of first academy in city built in 1774 by gifts of citizens. -Set in boulder in Washington Park. Given by Newark Academy. -Placed, July 19, 1916. Dedicated the following fall.</p> - -<p>Col. Peter Schuyler, leader of "Jersey Blues". Set in boulder -in Military Park. Given by N. J. Society of the Order of the -Founders and Patriots of America. Unveiled, Flag Day, 1916.</p> - -<p>Justice Joseph Hedden, Revolutionary martyr. Placed on building -at 536 Broad St., site of Hedden Colonial home. Given by Barringer -High School students. Unveiled, May 25, 1916.</p> - -<p>Divident Hill in Weequahic Park, where boundary between Newark -and Elizabeth was fixed in 1668. Placed on exterior of small -marble building. Given by pupils of South Side High School. Unveiled, -May 20, 1916.</p> - -<p>Spot where Lincoln spoke on journey to his inauguration in 1861. -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">« 42 »</a></span> -Placed at Broad and Division Sts., by Schoolmen's Club. Unveiled, -Newark Day, Nov. 6, 1916.</p> - -<p>Newark founders who were Congregationalists. Placed in First -Congregational Jube Memorial Church, Clinton Ave. and Wright St., -by its members, May 10, 1916.</p> - -<p>Participation of Newark men in the European war. Placed on -City Hall by Schoolmen's Club, Newark Day, Nov. 5, 1917.</p> - -<p>Barringer boys who gave their services to their country in the great -world war. Given and placed in Barringer High School auditorium by -pupils, alumni and teachers of the school. Unveiled, Memorial Day, -1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Technical_School" name="Technical_School"></a><i>Technical School</i>: Given right to grant its graduates collegiate degrees -in science, Jan. 4, 1919. Name changed to College of Technology.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Telephones" name="Telephones"></a><i>Telephones</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1918</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Instruments in use</td> - <td class="tdr">8,935</td> - <td class="tdr1">41,567</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Local calls, 1905</td> - <td class="tdr">11,387,490</td> - <td class="tdr1">39,797,745</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Out of town calls, 1905</td> - <td class="tdr">1,591,785</td> - <td class="tdr1">7,858,685</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Trade_Board" name="Trade_Board"></a><i>Trade, Board of</i>: Unofficial organization; present membership, 1,500; -established, 1868, to promote industrial, commercial and financial welfare -of Newark.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">« 43 »</a></span></p> - -<p>The following summary by the board, represents their interests -during the past fifteen years:</p> - -<table summary="board interests"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop" style="padding-right:0.5em">1904.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Advocated legislation which created Tenement House Commission.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1905.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Started agitation for building of Central High School.</p> - <p class="hanging">Obtained appropriation for 12 ft. depth in Passaic River.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1906.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Advocated law limiting public franchise rights to 25 years.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1907.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Brought about creation of Bur. of Combustibles and Fire - Risks.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1908.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Obtained extension of high pressure system.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1909.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Caused city to start a public bath house system, by establishing - one.</p> - <p class="hanging">Caused city to start a municipal employment bureau.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1910.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Obtained medical inspection in public schools.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1911.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Started agitation for improvement of Plank Road, later carried - out.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1912.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Held successful Industrial Exposition.</p> - <p class="hanging">Lighterage case begun by Board.</p> - <p class="hanging">Directory of "Newark Made Goods", published at cost of - $10,000.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1913.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Brought about establishing of Federal Court in Newark.</p> - <p class="hanging"> Influence of Board used to establish Public Service Terminal.</p> - <p class="hanging">New Jersey sea-level ship canal advocated.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1914.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Opposed purchase of East Jersey Water Plant, and advocated - Wanaque extension.</p> - <p class="hanging">Opposed placing Newark in the Philadelphia Regional Bank - Zone.</p> - <p class="hanging">Filed complaint against detrimental credit loan companies.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1915.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Favored excess condemnation.</p> - <p class="hanging">Filed formal complaint in lighterage case.</p> - <p class="hanging">Protested against increase in Ferry tolls on Hudson River.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1916.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Opposed site proposed for Memorial building. Held a successful - "Buy-in-Newark Week".</p> - <p class="hanging">Started agitation for safety isles in Broad St.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1917.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Had bill introduced in the U. S. Senate providing for dependents - of soldiers.</p> - <p class="hanging">Favored connection of Hudson and Manhattan and Public - Service Railway lines.</p> - <p class="hanging">Obtained $10,000 appropriation from Board of Freeholders - for surveys for vehicular tunnels under Hudson.</p> - <p class="hanging">Created sentiment for Commission government.</p></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1918.</td> - <td><p class="hanging">Sought government aid in providing homes for industrial - workers.</p> - <p class="hanging">Outlined an industrial labor policy.</p></td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Transportation" name="Transportation"></a><i>Transportation</i>: See <a href="#Trade_Board">Hudson and Manhattan Tubes</a>; <a href="#Jitneys">Jitneys</a>; <a href="#Lincoln_Highway">Lincoln -Highway</a>; <a href="#Public_Service_Terminal">Public Service Terminal</a>; <a href="#Trolleys">Trolleys</a>.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Trees" name="Trees"></a><i>Trees, Memorial</i>: Doane Oak. Planted in Lincoln Park by Shade -Tree Commission, 1907. In memory of Mgr. George Hobart Doane -(1830-1905), rector of St. Patrick's Cathedral, and one of the most -widely known Catholic ecclesiastics in the country.</p> - -<p>Lincoln Highway Sycamores. 40, set out on Lincoln Highway, -near Plank Road Bridge, April, 1917, by N. J. State Federation of -Women's Clubs.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">« 44 »</a></span></p> - -<p>State Federation of Women's Clubs Sycamore. Planted on City -Hall Plaza in honor of Federation, by The Contemporary, April, 1917.</p> - -<p>Roosevelt Oak. Planted by Boy Scouts in Washington Park, -May 3, 1919. In memory of Theodore Roosevelt, president of U. S., -Sept. 14, 1901-1909. Born, Oct. 27, 1858. Died, Jan. 6, 1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Trolleys" name="Trolleys"></a><i>Trolleys</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>1918</i></td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Essex Division<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 1em;">(Includes Essex Co. & West Hudson towns)</span></td> - <td colspan="3"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Miles of tracks</td> - <td class="tdr">198.2</td> - <td class="tdr1">227.2</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">No. of cars</td> - <td class="tdr">362</td> - <td class="tdr1">658</td> - <td class="tdr"><a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Passengers carried</td> - <td class="tdr">88,215,000</td> - <td class="tdr1">174,154,820</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> All cars put in service during last ten years were much larger than those -formerly used.</p></div> - -<p>Opening of new trolley terminal April 30, 1916, one of the most -important improvements in system since Corporation was formed in 1903. -See also <a href="#Public_Service_Terminal">Public Service Terminal</a>.</p> - -<p>Women first employed as conductors, 1918. War measure due -to labor shortage.</p> - -<p>Skip-stops instituted at request of national and state fuel administrators, -April 1, 1918. Another war measure.</p> - -<p>Port Newark route to and from Submarine Boat Corporation, first -operated, Sept. 1918.</p> - -<p>Strike of motormen and conductors for increased wages called -June 6, 1918. Arbitrated by National Labor Bd. Service resumed -June 8. Second strike, March 12-17, 1919.</p> - -<p>Transfer charge in addition to 5 cent fare first authorized April 1, -1918. 7 cent fare raise effective, October 15, 1918. Reduction to -6 cents with 1 cent extra charge for transfer, April 1, 1919. 7 cent -fare with 1 cent extra charge for transfer restored, May 4, 1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Tuberculosis" name="Tuberculosis"></a><i>Tuberculosis, Campaign Against</i>: State Tuberculosis Sanatorium at -Glen Gardner, Hunterdon Co., provided for by act of N. J. Legislature, -1902. Building completed, 1907. Cost, $300,000. $89,500 -appropriated for new buildings, 1912.</p> - -<p>City Sanatorium for Incipient Tuberculosis, Verona, was opened -Jan., 1908, in the remodelled girl's cottage of the City Home, which -had been discarded for that use.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">« 45 »</a></span></p> - -<p>Newark Anti-Tuberculosis Assoc., 45 Clinton St., established -Feb. 1, 1909. To educate public concerning prevention and treatment. -Employs nurses to visit patients discharged from state home at -Glen Gardner.</p> - -<p>Tuberculosis Dept. of Essex Co. Hospital for Contagious Diseases -at Soho, was opened May, 1911.</p> - -<p>N. J. Anti-Tuberculosis League, 45 Clinton St., organized Oct. -16, 1913, to take place of former state association. A clearing house -of information, publicity bureau, education, aid, etc.</p> - -<p>Bur. of Tuberculosis, established as separate department of the -Newark Bd. of Health, July, 1915, has reorganized city sanatorium, -maintains additional clinics and investigates housing conditions.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Tunnels" name="Tunnels"></a><i>Tunnels</i>: See <a href="#Trade_Board">Hudson and Manhattan Tubes</a>; <a href="#Vehicular_Tunnel">Vehicular Tunnel</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Anniversary_250th" name="Anniversary_250th"></a><i>250th Anniversary</i>: The first settlers, led by Robert Treat, came to -Newark from Connecticut, May 17, 1666. In 1916, from May 1 to -Oct. 31, the city celebrated its 250th birthday with a succession of -ceremonies and festivities.</p> - -<p>Preliminary plans were laid in 1914, when the N. J. Legislature -approved an act, March 9, providing for such a celebration. In accordance -with this act, and by authority granted under an ordinance of the -Common Council, Mayor Haussling, in the summer of the same year, -appointed the Committee of One Hundred to raise money and plan, -through its sub-committees, for the anniversary program.</p> - -<p>Newark and the forthcoming celebration became subjects of -national interest and importance. Thousands of people from all over -the country entered competitions for the best posters and poems, symbolizing -the city's history and industrial progress. The competitions -resulted in the spread of information about Newark and brought recognition -of the city's standing.</p> - -<p>The most notable single feature of the anniversary was the Pageant -of Newark, an historic and allegorical review of the growth of the -city, presented in Weequahic Park.</p> - -<p>There were innumerable parades, of which none was more pleasing -to the spectators, or more creditable to the city, than the School -Children's Parade, June 6.</p> - -<p>Annual or recurrent events like the Music Festival and Industrial -Exposition were included in the anniversary program and made particularly -attractive.</p> - -<p>230 athletes from all parts of the United States and Canada -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">« 46 »</a></span> -participated in the athletic events held at Weequahic Park, September -8, 9 and 16, and succeeded in breaking six world records. The Ninth -International Fly and Bait Casting Tournament, held in Newark, Aug. -23-26, was likewise a great success. Athletic meets of all kinds were -the order of the summer months.</p> - -<p>As was natural, Newark became the popular convention city for -1916, all manner of organizations being glad to avail themselves of the -special attractions offered their members.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Ann_Competitions" name="Ann_Competitions"></a><i>250th Anniversary Competitions</i>:</p> - -<p>1. Street & Building Decorations. Committee of 100 offered -$500 for best plan submitted. Won by Jordan Green, architect, 81 -Lincoln Park, Newark.</p> - -<p>2. Poetry. Poems on Newark and its 250th Anniversary. -Committee of 100 offered $250, 1st prize; $150, 2nd; $100 3rd; 10 -prizes of $50 each. 1st prize, Clement Wood (Vulcan Smith, pseud.), -New York City, "Smithy of God". 2nd prize, Anna Blake Mezquida -(Anne Grinfill, pseud.), San Francisco, Cal., "City of Heritage". -3rd prize, Albert E. Trombly (Edmond St. Hilaire, pseud.), -Philadelphia, Pa., "Newark—1916". These poems and many others -have since been collected in a volume entitled, "Newark Anniversary -Poems". Published, 1917. Price, $1.25.</p> - -<p>3. Poster. Committee of 100 offered $1,000, 1st prize; $500, -2nd; $300, Special, awarded by popular vote. 1st prize won by -Adolph Treidler, New York City, "Robert Treat directing the landing -of settlers in Newark"; 2nd, won by Helen Dryden, of New York -City; Special, won by E. A. Foringer, of Grantwood, N. J.</p> - -<p>4. New York Times Essay on Newark History. Open to pupils -in public, private and parochial schools. $10 selection of books, prize -for high school winners; Tiffany silver medals, prizes for grade school -winners. 1,000 prizes awarded.</p> - -<p>5. Photography. Newark Camera Club conducted "Amateur -Photographic Contest and Exhibition". Grand prize for best picture -of entire exhibit, solid silver loving cup, donated by Franklin Murphy, -Chairman of Committee of 100; 4 gold and 4 silver medals as first -and second awards for pictures in four classes—Class A, Street Decorations -and Parades; Class B, Night Illuminations; Class C, Feigenspan -Colleoni Statue; Class D, Miscellaneous. Grand prize won by Edward -J. Brown, member of the Club. Class A. 1st prize, Edward J. Brown; -2nd, Peter J. Schweikert; Class B, 1st prize, Edward J. Brown; 2nd, -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">« 47 »</a></span> -George Hahn, Jr.; Class C, 1st prize, Reuben B. Ashderian; 2nd, -George Hahn, Jr.; Class D, 1st prize, Alfred R. Jayson; 2nd, Edward -J. Brown.</p> - -<p>6. Emblem. Committee of 100 offered $50, 1st prize; $30, -2nd; $20, 3rd. Open to pupils of all schools in Newark.</p> - -<p>7. City Flag. Committee of 100 offered $100 prize. Open -to any resident of N. J.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Ann_Industrial" name="Ann_Industrial"></a><i>250th Anniversary Industrial Exposition</i>: See <a href="#Exhibitions">Exhibitions</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Ann_Music" name="Ann_Music"></a><i>250th Anniversary Music Festival</i>: See <a href="#Music_Festivals">Music Festival, 1916</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Ann_Parades" name="Ann_Parades"></a><i>250th Anniversary Notable Parades</i>: Opening day, May 1, 1916, at -10 a. m. Local National Guard, Boy Scouts and other organizations, -with Gen. Edwin C. Hine, commanding.</p> - -<p>Founder's Day, May 17, 1916, at 2 p. m. N. J. National -Guard, civic organizations and fraternal bodies.</p> - -<p>School Children's, June 6, 1916, at 2 p. m. 11,000 public and -4,000 parochial school children. Time, 3½ hours. Included 22 -historical and symbolic floats, 23 bands, 12 fife and drum corps.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Ann_Pageant" name="Ann_Pageant"></a><i>250th Anniversary Pageant</i>: Pageant of Newark by Thomas Wood -Stevens.</p> - -<p>4,000 performers.</p> - -<p>Given May 30, 31, June 1, 2, 1916, at 8 p. m., in Weequahic -Park. Seating accommodations for 40,000, including 20,000 free -seats. Attended by the greatest crowds ever handled by police department.</p> - -<p>Prologue showed the passing of the explorers Cabot, Verrazano, -Hudson, and the Peace Legend of the original Indians of N. J.</p> - -<p>1st to 3rd Movements showed landing of Robert Treat, purchase -of land, land riots of 1746, revolutionary times, Marquis de Lafayette's -visit, first signs of industrial growth, and Lincoln's visit.</p> - -<p>4th Movement was symbolic of the forces which have shaped the -life of the city.</p> - -<p>Music composed for this occasion by Henry C. Hadley.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Ann_School" name="Ann_School"></a><i>250th Anniversary School Work Exhibit</i>: See <a href="#Exhibitions">Exhibitions</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Ungraded_Schools" name="Ungraded_Schools"></a><i>Ungraded Schools</i>: See <a href="#Delinquent_Children">Delinquent Children</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">« 48 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Vacant_Lot" name="Vacant_Lot"></a><i>Vacant Lot Cultivation</i>:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>Acres<br /> Available</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Acres<br /> Cultivated</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>No.<br /> Gardens</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Value<br /> Crop</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1915</td> - <td class="tdr1">550</td> - <td class="tdr1">10</td> - <td class="tdr1">175</td> - <td class="tdr1">$ 4,200</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1916</td> - <td class="tdr">550</td> - <td class="tdr">22</td> - <td class="tdr">375</td> - <td class="tdr">10,600</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1917</td> - <td class="tdr">540</td> - <td class="tdr">193</td> - <td class="tdr">3,288</td> - <td class="tdr">114,572</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1918</td> - <td class="tdr">540</td> - <td class="tdr">225</td> - <td class="tdr">4,000</td> - <td class="tdr">135,000</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>1918. 18,000 backyard gardens, 20' × 25', also cultivated, with total -value of crop, $180,000. 23 school garden plots planted and cared for -by pupils in manual training, physical culture and science classes. This -work is carried on by the Vacant Lot Assoc.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Vailsburg" name="Vailsburg"></a><i>Vailsburg</i>: Annexed, Jan. 1, 1905. Area thus added, 885.1 acres -or 1.383 sq. miles.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Vehicular_Tunnel" name="Vehicular_Tunnel"></a><i>Vehicular Tunnel</i>: Act giving power to the N. J. Inter-State Bridge -and Tunnel Commission, acting jointly with the N. Y. Commission, for -construction and operation of a tunnel for vehicular traffic under the -Hudson River, from New York to Jersey City, passed by both N. Y. -and N. J. Legislatures, 1919.</p> - -<p>By this means traffic congestion will be relieved, difficulties of fog -and ice overcome to a great extent, freight handled more cheaply and -mails expedited. Interstate freight traffic will no longer be entirely -dependent on ferry and barge service, as was the case during the harbor -strike in the winter of 1918.</p> - -<p>Gen. Goethals, builder of the Panama Canal, has estimated that -a tunnel wide enough to allow 3 trucks to travel side by side and providing -for a foot path will cost $12,000,000. Maintenance will -amount to about $125,000 annually. About 2 years will be required -for construction.</p> - -<p>As U. S. Congress has voted against federal aid, the expense will -be met jointly by New York and New Jersey.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Venereal_Diseases" name="Venereal_Diseases"></a><i>Venereal Diseases, Bureau of—Board of Health</i>: Established July, -1918. Clinics already in operation were developed, attendants and -nurses appointed.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Vocational_Schools" name="Vocational_Schools"></a><i>Vocational Schools</i>: See <a href="#Boys_Vocational">Boys' Vocational School</a>; <a href="#Girls_Vocational">Girls' Vocational -School</a>; <a href="#Technical_School">Technical School</a>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">« 49 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Wages" name="Wages"></a><i>Wages</i>: Comparison as illustrated by 7 important trades. These -figures for Newark drawn from U. S. Bur. of Labor Statistics:</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>1904</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1914</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>1918</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Bricklayer</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Hours per week</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Wages per hour</td> - <td class="tdr">$.58</td> - <td class="tdr">$.65</td> - <td class="tdr">$.75</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Carpenter</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Hours per week</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Wages per hour</td> - <td class="tdr">$.41</td> - <td class="tdr">$.50</td> - <td class="tdr">$.70</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Machinist</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Hours per week</td> - <td class="tdr">54</td> - <td class="tdr">54</td> - <td class="tdr">50</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Wages per hour</td> - <td class="tdr">$.29</td> - <td class="tdr">$.36</td> - <td class="tdr">$.45</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Moulder</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Hours per week</td> - <td class="tdr">54</td> - <td class="tdr">54</td> - <td class="tdr">54</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Wages per hour</td> - <td class="tdr">$.33</td> - <td class="tdr">$.38</td> - <td class="tdr">$.55</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Pattern maker</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Hours per week</td> - <td class="tdr">54</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> - <td class="tdr">48</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Wages per hour</td> - <td class="tdr">$.39</td> - <td class="tdr">$.49</td> - <td class="tdr">$.75</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Painter</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Hours per week</td> - <td class="tdr">48</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Wages per hour</td> - <td class="tdr">$.36</td> - <td class="tdr">$.44</td> - <td class="tdr">$.62</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Plumber</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Hours per week</td> - <td class="tdr">48</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> - <td class="tdr">44</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl2">Wages per hour</td> - <td class="tdr">$.44</td> - <td class="tdr">$.62</td> - <td class="tdr">$.75</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="War_Military" name="War_Military"></a><i>War, The—Military Organizations</i>: Local enlistments are estimated:</p> - -<p>Army, 9,000; Navy, 4,000; Marines, 250.</p> - -<p>9,591 Newark men, 21-31 years of age, were called for service -between April, 1917, and Sept., 1918, under first draft.</p> - -<p>59,937 Newark men, 18-45 years of age, were registered for -second draft, Sept. 12, 1918.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Casualties: (Unofficial record) Killed 120 - Died from wounds 53 - Died from disease 65 - Died from other causes 17 - Wounded 870 - Missing 27 - ——- - 1,152</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">« 50 »</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="War_Relief" name="War_Relief"></a><i>War, The—Relief Organizations</i>: The following organizations, and -many others, did war work of all kinds.</p> - -<p class="p6"> -American Red Cross.<br /> -Y. M. C. A.<br /> -Y. W. C. A.<br /> -Knights of Columbus.<br /> -Jewish Welfare Board.<br /> -Salvation Army.<br /> -War Camp Community Service.<br /> -U. S. Food Administration.<br /> -U. S. Fuel Administration.<br /> -National League for Women's Service.<br /> -Red Cross Motor Corps.<br /> -National Service Motor Corps.<br /> -Woman's Motor Corps of America.<br /> -Catholic Women's Committee.<br /> -Contemporary Civics Committee.<br /> -Woman's Volunteer Service League (colored).<br /> -Junior Red Cross.<br /> -Girl's Patriotic League.<br /> -</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="War_Financial" name="War_Financial"></a><i>War, The—Financial Support</i>: Every Newark drive for war work -funds and liberty loans was over-subscribed:</p> - - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="3">Liberty Loans:</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>Newark's Quota</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Raised</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1st May 15-June 15, 1917</span></td> - <td class="tdr">$20,670,000</td> - <td class="tdr">$23,054,300</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">2nd Oct. 1-Nov. 1, 1917</span></td> - <td class="tdr">31,005,000</td> - <td class="tdr">36,728,450</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">3rd Apr. 26-May 4, 1918</span></td> - <td class="tdr">18,876,100</td> - <td class="tdr">31,298,500</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">4th Sept. 28-Oct. 19, 1918</span></td> - <td class="tdr">38,198,200</td> - <td class="tdr">60,130,450</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">5th Apr. 21-May 10, 1919</span></td> - <td class="tdr">31,225,900</td> - <td class="tdr">41,383,450</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="3"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="3">Red Cross:</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1st drive, June 18-25, 1917</span></td> - <td class="tdr">750,000</td> - <td class="tdr">784,570</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">2nd " May 20-27, 1918</span></td> - <td class="tdr">750,000</td> - <td class="tdr">1,325,000</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">United War Work Drive,</span><br /> - <span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nov. 11-21, 1918</span></td> - <td class="tdr">1,000,000</td> - <td class="tdr">1,051,752</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="War_Industrial" name="War_Industrial"></a><i>War, The—Industrial Aspect</i>: It is impossible to get figures covering -Newark alone. There were 4 munition plants, 3 plants making uniforms, -10 making chemicals, 3 making military airplanes and one making -ships. Some indication of the extent of the activity induced by -the war is indicated by the number of applications received by federal—state—municipal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">« 51 »</a></span> -employment bureau. In 1917, there were 47,022, -in 1918 there were 94,830, an increase of over 101%. The following -table for N. J. is included to show the great part taken by the state in -war industries.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>Capital</i></td> - <td class="center" style="width: 6.5em;"><i>Stock &<br />Material</i> </td> - <td class="center"><i>Goods<br />Made</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Wages</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="5">High explosives</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1914</span></td> - <td class="tdr">$13,489,358</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 7,677,803</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 14,330,232</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 1,517,425</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1917</span></td> - <td class="tdr">55,316,876</td> - <td class="tdr">37,548,303</td> - <td class="tdr">245,816,880</td> - <td class="tdr">24,041,236</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="5">Munitions</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1914</span></td> - <td class="tdr">1,158,639</td> - <td class="tdr">1,136,331</td> - <td class="tdr">1,813,898</td> - <td class="tdr">338,440</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1917</span></td> - <td class="tdr">25,450,672</td> - <td class="tdr">35,924,958</td> - <td class="tdr">47,055,229</td> - <td class="tdr">9,688,348</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl" colspan="5">Shipbuilding</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1914</span></td> - <td class="tdr">34,286,142</td> - <td class="tdr">4,851,539</td> - <td class="tdr">10,475,245</td> - <td class="tdr">4,714,375</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">1917</span></td> - <td class="tdr">57,300,609</td> - <td class="tdr">24,944,468</td> - <td class="tdr">39,738,072</td> - <td class="tdr">14,920,054</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td colspan="5"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="center"><i>Employees</i></td> - <td class="center" colspan="2"><i>Average<br />salary earnings</i></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">High explosives,</td> - <td class="tdr">1914</td> - <td class="tdr">2,156</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">$ 703.81</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 1em;">" "</span></td> - <td class="tdr">1917</td> - <td class="tdr">21,153</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">1,136.54</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Munitions</td> - <td class="tdr">1914</td> - <td class="tdr">609</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">555.73</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">"</span></td> - <td class="tdr">1917</td> - <td class="tdr">14,623</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">662.54</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Shipbuilding</td> - <td class="tdr">1914</td> - <td class="tdr">6,014</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">783.90</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"><span style="margin-left: 2em;">"</span></td> - <td class="tdr">1917</td> - <td class="tdr">11,545</td> - <td class="tdr" colspan="2">1,292.34</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>Over 50% of all the military explosives produced in the U. S. -were made in N. J.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="War_Public_School" name="War_Public_School"></a><i>War, The—Public School Activities</i>: Over a million dollars' worth -of liberty bonds were sold, and over a quarter of a million dollars' -worth of thrift stamps.</p> - -<p>Nearly $100,000 were contributed to the various auxiliary causes, -such as Surgical dressings, Armenian and Syrian relief. Y. M. C. A. -and War Camp Community Service.</p> - -<p>There were 35 Junior Red Cross organizations in schools; over -twenty thousand articles were made for the Red Cross by domestic art -classes; 3,000 cards of cotton wound; and 5,000 button holes made.</p> - -<p>3,500 pupils enrolled in the Home Garden division of the Junior -Industrial Army.</p> - -<p>2,300 home gardens and 21 school gardens were cultivated.</p> - -<p>Many thousand magazines were collected in the schools and -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">« 52 »</a></span> -20,000 text books not needed in the schools, were given to the soldiers -through the Public Library.</p> - -<p>71 pupils and 26 teachers enlisted in the army and navy or other -branches of war service.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="War_Library" name="War_Library"></a><i>War, The—Library Service</i>: From Sept. 1, 1917 to July 30, 1919, -41,575 books and 201,842 magazines were collected by the Public -Library, for the army and navy. Of these 40,705 books and 42,175 -magazines were sent in over one hundred shipments, to 36 different -camps, hospitals and other military posts in N. J. For example, 6,106 -books went to Camp Merritt; 1,560 to A. L. A. Dispatch Office at -Hoboken for Transport Service; 842 to Port Newark; 9,597 to Camp -Dix, and over 1,500 each to Cape May Naval Training Station, Fort -Hancock, Camp Morgan and Camp Vail. The proceeds of the sale -of magazines, etc., not wanted by soldiers, were used for purchasing -technical books and magazine subscriptions for military hospitals.</p> - -<p>The three "book drives" were in Sept., 1917; May, 1918, and -May, 1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="War_Parades" name="War_Parades"></a><i>War, The—Notable Parades</i>: Universal Service Registration Day, -June 5, 1917. To mark enrollment of the first draft army, 7,000 -school children marched in the morning, 8,000 men, representing military, -fraternal and civic organizations, in the afternoon.</p> - -<p>Soldier's Day, April 27, 1918. 312th Regiment of Infantry of -the National Army from Camp Dix entertained by the city. Escorted -by thousands of civilians in line from Lincoln Park to First Regiment -Armory. 16,000 in parade, 300,000 spectators. Greatest demonstration -of the kind in Newark's history.</p> - -<p>Italy Day, May 24, 1918. 8,000 Italian citizens in parade, expressed -their allegiance to the U. S. Many Red Cross workers and -400 children from McKinley School in line.</p> - -<p>War Savings Stamps, June 15, 1918. 7,500 school children -and Red Cross divisions of commercial and industrial concerns, followed -by 106 of the famous French Chasseurs d'Alpines, called Blue -Devils, then on a visit to the U. S.</p> - -<p>113th Infantry of the 29th, or Blue and Gray Division, welcomed -home May 20, 1919. The 113th left Newark Sept. 4, 1917, -as the First Infantry, National Guard of New Jersey. Their parade -was the first to celebrate the return of Newark men from France. A -public holiday was proclaimed by Mayor Gillen. Other home-coming -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">« 53 »</a></span> -parades followed with the 312th Infantry, of the 78th, or Lightning -Division, in the line of march, Memorial Day, 1919.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="War" name="War"></a><i>War, The</i>: See also <a href="#Coal_Shortage">Coal Shortage</a>; <a href="#Industry">Industry</a>; <a href="#Shipbuilding">Shipbuilding</a>; <a href="#Wages">Wages</a></p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Water_Supply" name="Water_Supply"></a><i>Water Supply</i>: Since 1892, drawn from headwaters of Pequannock -River in northern N. J., 26 miles from city. From time to time city -has purchased large tracts of land around this watershed to protect it. -Total acreage, 25,000; valuation, $20,000,000; 9 reservoirs; average -daily water supply available, 50,000,000 gallons. Average daily consumption, -47,341,000 gallons.</p> - -<p>For many years there has been agitation for new source of supply, -as population and industries increase. In 1918, permission was granted -by the Capital Issues Committee of the Federal Reserve Board to proceed -with the development of the Wanaque watershed on condition that -no construction work be undertaken during the war. Supply from the -Wanaque watershed would be 50,000,000 gallons, equal capacity to -Pequannock. Cost estimated at $9,047,250.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Whooping_Cough" name="Whooping_Cough"></a><i>Whooping Cough</i>: An ordinance passed Sept. 15, 1915, requires -children under 10 years of age with whooping cough to wear in the -street or any other public place, a yellow band around the arm, marked -"Newark Health Department, Whooping Cough". This is a measure -to prevent the spread of disease.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="Woman_Suffrage" name="Woman_Suffrage"></a><i>Woman Suffrage</i>: In view of the recent adoption of the Susan B. -Anthony amendment by U. S. Congress, a review of the suffrage movement -in N. J. from earliest times to the present, may be of sufficient -interest to warrant the disregard of limiting dates.</p> - -<p>N. J. had woman suffrage up to 1807.</p> - -<table summary="table"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1884.</td> - <td class="tdl">Petition for restoration of original suffrage rights and for - school suffrage.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">1887.</td> - <td class="tdl">Suffrage for school officials in villages and for county officials:<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Senate—ayes, 15; nays, 2.</span><br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">House—unanimously in favor.</span><br /> - Passed and became a law. Declared unconstitutional in 1894.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1895.</td> - <td class="tdl">Petition for Full Suffrage and School Suffrage rights.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1897.</td> - <td class="tdl">Resolution for a referendum on School Suffrage:<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Senate—ayes, 15; nays, 1. Passed.</span><br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">House—ayes, 42; nays, 5. Passed.</span><br /> - Submitted to referendum and rejected.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1912.</td> - <td class="tdl">Resolution for Full Suffrage:<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Senate—ayes, 3; nays, 18.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1913.<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a></td> - <td class="tdl">Resolution for Full Suffrage:<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Senate—ayes, 14; nays, 5. Passed.</span><br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">House—ayes, 44; nays, 7. Passed.</span> - <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">« 54 »</a></span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1914.</td> - <td class="tdl">Suffrage Resolution:<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Senate—ayes, 15; nays, 3.</span><br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">House—ayes, 49; nays, 4.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1915.</td> - <td class="tdl">Suffrage Resolution:<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Senate—ayes, 17; nays, 4.</span><br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">House—unanimously passed.</span><br /> - Submitted to referendum:<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">N. J., 133,281 for; 184,390 against.</span><br /> - And defeated, Oct. 19:<br /> - <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Newark, 13,125 for; 24,147 against.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl vtop">1916.</td> - <td class="tdl">Presidential Suffrage Bill introduced in Senate. Referred to - Committee on Judiciary and unfavorably reported.</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> This resolution through error was not advertised in time, so that -a Resolution had to be introduced in the Legislature of 1914.</p></div> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="YMCA" name="YMCA"></a><i>Young Men's Christian Association</i>: Since 1904 the Y. M. C. A. of -this city has added two stories over its gymnasium building, increasing -its capacity of living rooms for young men to 125.</p> - -<p>It has purchased four lots on Warren St., comprising a plot -80 × 100 ft., which is to be the site for the annex building to be erected -within the next 5 years.</p> - -<p>In the Educational Dept. there have been organized and conducted -the accountancy school, automobile schools, classes in electricity, salesmanship, -modern production methods, personal efficiency and memory -training.</p> - -<p>A most important advance was made when the City-Wide Community -Work was organized in 1914. There are now 3 districts -being operated. Eventually the city and suburbs are to be organized -with 7 distinct districts, each with a competent secretary doing work for -the whole community.</p> - - -<p class="p0"><a id="YWCA" name="YWCA"></a><i>Young Women's Christian Association</i>: New administration and -recreation building, 53 Washington St., opened Sept. 2, and dedicated -Nov. 3, 1913. $300,000 for its erection raised in 14 days by a -"whirlwind campaign" for popular subscriptions. Has gymnasium, -assembly hall, cafeteria, roof garden, swimming pool, classrooms, and -offices.</p> - -<p>Association residence, or boarding home, 304 Broad St., opened -March, 1917.</p> - - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="caption2"><a id="INDEX" name="INDEX"></a>INDEX</p> - -<p class="p0"> -All-Year School <a href="#All-Year_School">4</a><br /> -Almshouse <a href="#Almshouse">4</a><br /> -Alternating Plan <a href="#Alternating_Plan">4</a><br /> -Apartment Houses <a href="#Apartments">4</a><br /> -Athletic Association, Public School <a href="#Athletic_Association">4</a><br /> -Athletic Field, Public School <a href="#Athletic_Field">4</a><br /> -Automobiles <a href="#Automobiles">4</a><br /> -<br /> -Band Concerts <a href="#Band_Concerts">4</a><br /> -Bank Buildings <a href="#Bank_Buildings">5</a><br /> -Baths, Public <a href="#Baths_Public">5</a><br /> -Birth Rate <a href="#Birth_Rate">5</a><br /> -Blind, Work for <a href="#Blind">5</a><br /> -Boy's Vocational School <a href="#Buildings">6</a><br /> -Buildings 6<br /> -<br /> -Carteret Book Club <a href="#Carteret_Book_Club">7</a><br /> -Catholic Children's Aid Association of N. J. <a href="#Catholic_Childrens_Aid">7</a><br /> -Charities <a href="#Charities">8</a><br /> -Charter, City <a href="#Charter_City">8</a><br /> -Child Hygiene Division, Board of Health <a href="#Child_Hygiene">9</a><br /> -Christmas Trees, Municipal <a href="#Christmas_Trees">9</a><br /> -Churches <a href="#Churches">9</a><br /> -City Home <a href="#City_Home">9</a><br /> -City Plan Commission <a href="#City_Plan_Commission">9</a><br /> -Civil Service Reform <a href="#Civil_Service_Reform">10</a><br /> -Coal Shortage <a href="#Coal_Shortage">10</a><br /> -College of Technology <a href="#College_of_Technology">10</a><br /> -Comfort Stations <a href="#Comfort_Stations">10</a><br /> -Commission Government <a href="#Commission_Government">10</a><br /> -Contemporary, The <a href="#Contemporary">11</a><br /> -Co-operative School <a href="#Co-operative_School">11</a><br /> -Course of Study <a href="#Course_of_Study">11</a><br /> -Crippled Children, School for <a href="#Crippled_Children">11</a><br /> -<br /> -Deaf, Public School Classes for <a href="#Deaf">12</a><br /> -Death Rate <a href="#Death_Rate">12</a><br /> -Delinquent Children <a href="#Delinquent_Children">12</a><br /> -Dental Clinic Association <a href="#Dental_Clinic_Association">13</a><br /> -Detention, House of <a href="#Detention">13</a><br /> -<br /> -Education Board <a href="#Education_Board">13</a><br /> -Employment Bureau, Municipal <a href="#Employment_Bureau">13</a><br /> -Exhibitions <a href="#Exhibitions">13</a><br /> -<br /> -Feebleminded, Public School Classes for <a href="#Feebleminded">15</a><br /> -Fire Department, 1906 <a href="#Fire_Department">15</a><br /> -Flag, City <a href="#Flag_City">15</a><br /> -Food and Drug Division—Board of Health <a href="#Food">16</a><br /> -<br /> -Gary Schools <a href="#Gary_Schools">16</a><br /> -German Language <a href="#German_Language">16</a><br /> -Girls' Vocational School <a href="#Girls_Vocational">16</a><br /> -Gymnasium, Public School <a href="#Gymnasium">16</a><br /> -<br /> -Health <a href="#Health">16</a><br /> -High Schools <a href="#High_Schools">16</a><br /> -Housing <a href="#Housing">16</a><br /> -<br /> -Indeterminate Sentence <a href="#Indeterminate_Sentence">17</a><br /> -Industrial Expositions <a href="#Industrial_Expositions">17</a><br /> -Industrial Schools <a href="#Industrial_Schools">17</a><br /> -Industry <a href="#Industry">17</a><br /> -Infantile Paralysis <a href="#Infantile_Paralysis">18</a><br /> -Influenza <a href="#Influenza">18</a><br /> -Institute of Arts and Sciences <a href="#Institute_Arts_Sciences">18</a><br /> -Italian Language <a href="#Italian_Language">19</a><br /> -<br /> -Jitneys <a href="#Jitneys">19</a><br /> -Junior College <a href="#Junior_College">19</a><br /> -Junior High Schools <a href="#Junior_High_Schools">19</a><br /> -Junior Museum Club <a href="#Junior_Museum">19</a><br /> -Juvenile Court <a href="#Juvenile_Court">19</a><br /> -Juvenile Delinquency <a href="#Juvenile_Delinquency">19</a><br /> -<br /> -Lectures, Public <a href="#Lectures_Public">19</a><br /> -Library, Public <a href="#Library_Public">20</a><br /> -Lincoln Highway <a href="#Lincoln_Highway">22</a><br /> -Little Mother's League <a href="#Little">22</a><br /> -Lunches, Public School <a href="#Lunches">22</a><br /> -<br /> -Medical History, Museum of <a href="#Medical_History">22</a><br /> -Medical Inspection <a href="#Medical_Inspection">23</a><br /> -Medical Library Association <a href="#Medical_Library">23</a><br /> -Memorial Tablets <a href="#Memorial_Tablets">23</a><br /> -Memorial Trees <a href="#Memorial_Trees">23</a><br /> -Mental Hygiene, Bureau of—Board of Health <a href="#Mental_Hygiene">23</a><br /> -Mexican Border Uprising <a href="#Mexican_Border">23</a><br /> -Milk Supply <a href="#Milk_Supply">23</a><br /> -Monuments <a href="#Monuments">23</a><br /> -Moving Pictures <a href="#Moving_Pictures">23</a><br /> -Municipal Christmas Trees <a href="#Municipal_Christmas">24</a><br /> -Municipal Employment Bureau <a href="#Municipal_Employment">24</a><br /> -Municipal Exhibition <a href="#Municipal_Exhibition">24</a><br /> -Museum Association <a href="#Museum">24</a><br /> -Music Festivals <a href="#Music_Festivals">24</a><br /> -<br /> -Naturalization <a href="#Naturalization">25</a><br /> -Newark Day <a href="#Newark">25</a><br /> -Newspapers and Journals <a href="#Newspapers_Journals">25</a><br /> -Normal School, N. J. State <a href="#Normal_School">26</a><br /> -<br /> -Open Air Classes <a href="#Open_Air">26</a><br /> -<br /> -Pageant <a href="#Pageant">26</a><br /> -Parades <a href="#Parades">26</a><br /> -Parental School, Essex Co. <a href="#Parental_School_Essex">26</a><br /> -Parental School, Newark <a href="#Parental_School_Newark">26</a><br /> -Parks, City <a href="#Parks_City">26</a><br /> -Parks, Essex County <a href="#Parks_Essex">27</a><br /> -Parkways <a href="#Parkways">27</a><br /> -Parochial Schools <a href="#Parochial_Schools">27</a><br /> -Passaic Valley Trunk Sewer <a href="#Passaic_Valley">27</a><br /> -Paving <a href="#Paving">28</a><br /> -Physical Training <a href="#Physical_Training">28</a><br /> -Playgrounds <a href="#Playgrounds">28</a><br /> -Playgrounds, City <a href="#Playgrounds_City">28</a><br /> -Police Department <a href="#Police_Department">29</a><br /> -Poor and Alms Department and Almshouse Survey <a href="#Poor">29</a><br /> -Population <a href="#Population">29</a><br /> -Port Newark <a href="#Port_Newark">29</a><br /> -Postal Service <a href="#Postal_Service">30</a><br /> -Prices, Food <a href="#Prices">30</a><br /> -Prison Reform <a href="#Prison_Reform">30</a><br /> -Probation System <a href="#Probation_System">32</a><br /> -Public Baths <a href="#Public_Baths">32</a><br /> -Public Comfort Station <a href="#Public_Comfort">32</a><br /> -Public Lectures <a href="#Public_Lectures">32</a><br /> -Public Schools <a href="#Public_Schools">32</a><br /> -Public Service Corporation of N. J. <a href="#Public_Service_Corp">32</a><br /> -Public Service Terminal <a href="#Public_Service_Terminal">32</a><br /> -<br /> -Reformatory for Women, N. J. State <a href="#Reformatory">32</a><br /> -<br /> -"Safety First" and the Schools <a href="#Safety">32</a><br /> -School Houses as Social Centers <a href="#School_Houses">33</a><br /> -School Names Changed <a href="#School_Names_Changed">33</a><br /> -School Savings Banks <a href="#School_Savings_Banks">34</a><br /> -School Survey <a href="#School_Survey">35</a><br /> -Schools, Parochial <a href="#Schools_Parochial">35</a><br /> -Schools, Public <a href="#Schools_Public">35</a><br /> -Shade Tree Commission <a href="#Shade_Tree">35</a><br /> -Shipbuilding <a href="#Shipbuilding">36</a><br /> -Ship Yard Workers, Evening Classes for <a href="#Ship_Yard">36</a><br /> -Smoke Abatement Department <a href="#Smoke_Abatement">36</a><br /> -Social Service Survey <a href="#Social_Service">36</a><br /> -Statues and Monuments <a href="#Statues">37</a><br /> -Street Names Changed <a href="#Street_Names">38</a><br /> -Street Paving <a href="#Street_Paving">39</a><br /> -Summer High Schools <a href="#Summer_HS">40</a><br /> -Surveys <a href="#Surveys">40</a><br /> -<br /> -Tablets, Memorial <a href="#Tablets">40</a><br /> -Technical School <a href="#Technical_School">42</a><br /> -Telephones <a href="#Telephones">40</a><br /> -Trade, Board of <a href="#Trade_Board">40</a><br /> -Transportation <a href="#Transportation">43</a><br /> -Trees, Memorial <a href="#Trees">43</a><br /> -Trolleys <a href="#Trolleys">44</a><br /> -Tuberculosis, Campaign Against <a href="#Tuberculosis">44</a><br /> -Tunnels <a href="#Tunnels">45</a><br /> -250th Anniversary <a href="#Anniversary_250th">45</a><br /> -250th Anniversary Competitions <a href="#Ann_Competitions">46</a><br /> -250th Anniversary Industrial Exposition <a href="#Ann_Industrial">47</a><br /> -250th Anniversary Music Festival <a href="#Ann_Music">47</a><br /> -250th Anniversary Notable Parades <a href="#Ann_Parades">47</a><br /> -250th Anniversary Pageant <a href="#Ann_Pageant">47</a><br /> -250th Anniversary School Work Exhibit <a href="#Ann_School">47</a><br /> -<br /> -Ungraded Schools <a href="#Ungraded_Schools">47</a><br /> -<br /> -Vacant Lot Cultivation <a href="#Vacant_Lot">48</a><br /> -Vailsburg <a href="#Vailsburg">48</a><br /> -Vehicular Tunnel <a href="#Vehicular_Tunnel">48</a><br /> -Venereal Diseases, Bureau of—Board of Health <a href="#Venereal_Diseases">48</a><br /> -Vocational Schools <a href="#Vocational_Schools">48</a><br /> -<br /> -Wages <a href="#Wages">49</a><br /> -War, The—Military Organizations <a href="#War_Military">49</a><br /> -War, The—Relief Organizations <a href="#War_Relief">50</a><br /> -War, The—Financial Support <a href="#War_Financial">50</a><br /> -War, The—Industrial Aspect <a href="#War_Industrial">50</a><br /> -War, The—Public School Activities <a href="#War_Public_School">51</a><br /> -War, The—Library Service <a href="#War_Library">52</a><br /> -War, The—Notable Parades <a href="#War_Parades">52</a><br /> -War, The <a href="#War">53</a><br /> -Water Supply <a href="#Water_Supply">53</a><br /> -Whooping Cough <a href="#Whooping_Cough">53</a><br /> -Woman Suffrage <a href="#Woman_Suffrage">53</a><br /> -<br /> -Young Men's Christian Association <a href="#YMCA">54</a><br /> -Young Women's Christian Association <a href="#YWCA">54</a><br /> -</p> - - -<hr class="tb" /> - - -<div class="trans_notes"> - -<p class="caption2">Transcriber Notes</p> - -<p>On <a href="#Page_37">Page 37</a>, "Court House Statutes" was corrected to "Court House Statues". -Tables were standardized to have italicized column titles. All "Subjects" titles were standardized. -There are links to a subject "Hudson and Manhattan Tubes" which does not appear to have -been designated as such. The <a href="#Trade_Board"><i>Trade, Board of</i></a> was set as the target of -these links as it details the timeline and decisions given to build them.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Newark's Last Fifteen Years, 1904-1919, by -Newark Public Library - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NEWARK'S LAST FIFTEEN YEARS, 1904-1919 *** - -***** This file should be named 50825-h.htm or 50825-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/8/2/50825/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Tom Cosmas and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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