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diff --git a/old/51376-0.txt b/old/51376-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 944ddac..0000000 --- a/old/51376-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4241 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Record of the Fourth, or Royal -Irish Regiment of Dragoon Guards, by Richard Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: Historical Record of the Fourth, or Royal Irish Regiment of Dragoon Guards - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: March 6, 2016 [EBook #51376] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by the Library of Congress) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{x}; for example, und^r or 19^{th}. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - More detail can be found at the end of the book. - - - - -[Illustration: - - BY COMMAND OF His late Majesty WILLIAM THE IV^{TH}. - - _and under the Patronage of_ - - Her Majesty the Queen - - HISTORICAL RECORDS, - - _OF THE_ - - British Army - - _Comprising the - History of every Regiment - IN HER MAJESTY'S SERVICE._ - - _By Richard Cannon Esq^{re}._ - - _Adjutant Generals Office, Horse Guards._ - - London - - _Printed by Authority_: - - 1837. - - _Silvester & C^o. 27 Strand._ - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORDS - - OF THE - - BRITISH ARMY. - - PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE - ADJUTANT-GENERAL. - - - THE FOURTH, - - OR - - ROYAL IRISH REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS. - - - - - LONDON: - Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, - 14, Charing Cross. - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - - _HORSE-GUARDS, - 1st January, 1836._ - -His Majesty has been pleased to command, that, with a view of doing -the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who have -distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the Enemy, -an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British Army -shall be published under the superintendence and direction of the -Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the following -particulars: _viz._, - - ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of - the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time - employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations, - in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any - Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, - &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. - - ---- The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned - Officers and Privates, Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying - the Place and Date of the Action. - - ---- The Names of those Officers, who, in consideration of their - Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the - Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other - Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. - - ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers - and Privates as may have specially signalized themselves in - Action. - - And, - - ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been - permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges - or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honourable - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend upon -the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter into its service are -animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any -measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone -great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object, than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite -him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him -in their honourable career, are among the motives that have given -rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -'London Gazette,' from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the -Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, -expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery, -and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their -Sovereign's Approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most -highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic account -of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command, that every Regiment shall in future -keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service, -and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the -British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or -no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so -many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services, and of acts of -individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under His Majesty's -special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk of the -Adjutant-General's Office; and while the perusal of them cannot fail -to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is -considered that they will also afford entertainment and information -to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in -the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or are -serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment to every -thing belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a narrative of -the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. -Authentic accounts of the actions of the great,--the valiant,--the -loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and -civilised people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, -in moments of danger and terror, have stood, "firm as the rocks -of their native shore;" and when half the World has been arrayed -against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with -unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements -in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained by our -countrymen,--our brothers--our fellow-citizens in arms,--a record -which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds -before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the public. - -Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value and -importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will -be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall be -completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -The ancient Armies of England were composed of Horse and Foot; but -the feudal troops established by William the Conqueror in 1086, -consisted almost entirely of Horse. Under the feudal system, every -holder of land amounting to what was termed a "knight's fee," was -required to provide a charger, a coat of mail, a helmet, a shield, -and a lance, and to serve the Crown a period of forty days in each -year at his own expense; and the great landholders had to provide -armed men in proportion to the extent of their estates; consequently -the ranks of the feudal Cavalry were completed with men of property, -and the vassals and tenants of the great barons, who led their -dependents to the field in person. - -In the succeeding reigns the Cavalry of the Army was composed of -Knights (or men at arms) and Hobiliers (or horsemen of inferior -degree); and the Infantry of spear and battle-axe men, cross-bowmen, -and archers. The Knights wore armour on every part of the body, -and their weapons were a lance, a sword, and a small dagger. The -Hobiliers were accoutred and armed for the light and less important -services of war, and were not considered qualified for a charge in -line. Mounted Archers[1] were also introduced, and the English nation -eventually became pre-eminent in the use of the bow. - -About the time of Queen Mary the appellation of "_Men at Arms_" -was changed to that of "_Spears_ and _Launces_." The introduction -of fire-arms ultimately occasioned the lance to fall into disuse, -and the title of the Horsemen of the first degree was changed to -"_Cuirassiers_." The Cuirassiers were armed _cap-à-pié_, and their -weapons were a sword with a straight narrow blade and sharp point, -and a pair of large pistols, called petrenels; and the Hobiliers -carried carbines. The Infantry carried pikes, matchlocks, and swords. -The introduction of fire-arms occasioned the formation of regiments -armed and equipped as infantry, but mounted on small horses for the -sake of expedition of movement, and these were styled "_Dragoons_;" -a small portion of the military force of the kingdom, however, -consisted of this description of troops. - -The formation of the present Army commenced after the Restoration -in 1660, with the establishment of regular corps of Horse and Foot; -the Horsemen were cuirassiers, but only wore armour on the head and -body; and the Foot were pikemen and musketeers. The arms which each -description of force carried, are described in the following extract -from the "Regulations of King Charles II.," dated 5th May, 1663:-- - - "Each Horseman to have for his defensive armes, back, breast, and - pot; and for his offensive armes, a sword, and a case of pistolls, - the barrels whereof are not to be und^r. foorteen inches in length; - and each Trooper of Our Guards to have a carbine, besides the - aforesaid armes. And the Foote to have each souldier a sword, and - each pikeman a pike of 16 foote long and not und^r.; and each - musqueteer a musquet, with a collar of bandaliers, the barrels of - which musquet to be about foor foote long, and to conteine a bullet, - foorteen of which shall weigh a pound weight[2]." - -The ranks of the Troops of Horse were at this period composed of men -of some property--generally the sons of substantial yeomen: the young -men received as recruits provided their own horses, and they were -placed on a rate of pay sufficient to give them a respectable station -in society. - -On the breaking out of the war with Holland, in the spring of 1672, -a Regiment of Dragoons was raised[3]; the Dragoons were placed on a -lower rate of pay than the Horse; and the Regiment was armed similar -to the Infantry, excepting that a limited number of the men carried -halberds instead of pikes, and the others muskets and bayonets; and a -few men in each Troop had pistols; as appears by a warrant dated the -2nd of April, 1672, of which the following is an extract:-- - - "CHARLES R. - - "Our will and pleasure is, that a Regiment of Dragoones which - we have established and ordered to be raised, in twelve Troopes - of fourscore in each beside officers, who are to be under the - command of Our most deare and most intirely beloved Cousin Prince - Rupert, shall be armed out of Our stoares remaining within Our - office of the Ordinance, as followeth; that is to say, three - corporalls, two serjeants, the gentlemen at armes, and twelve - souldiers of each of the said twelve Troopes, are to have and - carry each of them one halbard, and one case of pistolls with - holsters; and the rest of the souldiers of the several Troopes - aforesaid, are to have and to carry each of them one matchlocke - musquet, with a collar of bandaliers, and also to have and to - carry one bayonet[4], or great knife. That each lieutenant have - and carry one partizan; and that two drums be delivered out for - each Troope of the said Regiment[5]." - -Several regiments of Horse and Dragoons were raised in the first year -of the reign of King James II.; and the horsemen carried a short -carbine[6] in addition to the sword and pair of pistols: and in a -Regulation dated the 21st of February, 1687, the arms of the Dragoons -at that period are commanded to be as follow:-- - - "The Dragoons to have snaphanse musquets, strapt, with bright barrels - of three foote eight inches long, cartouch-boxes, bayonetts, granado - pouches, bucketts, and hammer-hatchetts." - -After several years' experience, little advantage was found to -accrue from having Cavalry Regiments formed almost exclusively for -engaging the enemy on foot; and, the Horse having laid aside their -armour, the arms and equipment of Horse and Dragoons were so nearly -assimilated, that there remained little distinction besides the name -and rate of pay. The introduction of improvements into the mounting, -arming, and equipment of Dragoons rendered them competent to the -performance of every description of service required of Cavalry; -and, while the long musket and bayonet were retained, to enable them -to act as Infantry, if necessary, they were found to be equally -efficient, and of equal value to the nation, as Cavalry, with the -Regiments of Horse. - -In the several augmentations made to the regular Army after the -early part of the reign of Queen Anne, no new Regiments of Horse -were raised for permanent service; and in 1746 King George II. -reduced three of the old Regiments of Horse to the quality and pay of -Dragoons; at the same time, His Majesty gave them the title of First, -Second, and Third Regiments of _Dragoon Guards_: and in 1788 the -same alteration was made in the remaining four Regiments of Horse, -which then became the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Regiments of -_Dragoon Guards_. - -At present there are only three Regiments which are styled _Horse_ -in the British Army, namely, the two Regiments of Life Guards, and -the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, to whom cuirasses have recently -been restored. The other Cavalry Regiments consist of Dragoon Guards, -Heavy and Light Dragoons, Hussars, and Lancers; and although the long -musket and bayonet have been laid aside by the whole of the Cavalry, -and the Regiments are armed and equipped on the principle of the old -Horse (excepting the cuirass), they continue to be styled Dragoons. - -The old Regiments of Horse formed a highly respectable and efficient -portion of the Army, and it is found, on perusing the histories of -the various campaigns in which they have been engaged, that they -have, on all occasions, maintained a high character for steadiness -and discipline, as well as for bravery in action. They were formerly -mounted on horses of superior weight and physical power, and few -troops could withstand a well-directed charge of the celebrated -British Horse. The records of these corps embrace a period of 150 -years--a period eventful in history, and abounding in instances of -heroism displayed by the British troops when danger has threatened -the nation,--a period in which these Regiments have numbered in their -ranks men of loyalty, valour, and good conduct, worthy of imitation. - -Since the Regiments of Horse were formed into Dragoon Guards, -additional improvements have been introduced into the constitution of -the several corps; and the superior description of horses now bred in -the United Kingdom enables the commanding officers to remount their -regiments with such excellent horses, that, whilst sufficient weight -has been retained for a powerful charge in line, a lightness has -been acquired which renders them available for every description of -service incident to modern warfare. - -The orderly conduct of these Regiments in quarters has gained the -confidence and esteem of the respectable inhabitants of the various -parts of the United Kingdom in which they have been stationed; their -promptitude and alacrity in attending to the requisitions of the -magistrates in periods of excitement, and the temper, patience, -and forbearance which they have evinced when subjected to great -provocation, insult, and violence from the misguided populace, prove -the value of these troops to the Crown, and to the Government of the -country, and justify the reliance which is reposed on them. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] In the 14th year of the reign of Edward IV. a small force was -established in Ireland by Parliament, consisting of 120 Archers on -horseback, 40 Horsemen, and 40 Pages. - -[2] Military Papers, State Paper Office. - -[3] This Regiment was disbanded after the Peace in 1674. - -[4] This appears to be the first introduction of _bayonets_ into the -English Army. - -[5] State Paper Office. - -[6] The first issue of carbines to the regular Horse appears to have -taken place in 1678; the Life Guards, however, carried carbines from -their formation in 1660.--Vide the 'Historical Record of the Life -Guards.' - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE FOURTH, - - OR - - ROYAL IRISH REGIMENT - - OF - - DRAGOON GUARDS. - - CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF - - THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1685; - - AND OF - - ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1838. - - - _ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES._ - - PUBLISHED BY LONGMAN, ORME, AND CO., - PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON; - AND BY MESSRS. CLOWES AND SONS; - AND TO BE HAD OF ALL BOOKSELLERS. - - 1839. - - - - - LONDON: - Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, - Stamford Street. - - -[Illustration: FOURTH OR ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS. - -_Madeley, lith. 3, Wellington St. Strand._] - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - Anno Page - - 1685 The Duke of Monmouth's rebellion 1 - - ---- Six independent troops of horse raised 3 - - ---- Constituted a regiment of _Cuirassiers_ -- - - ---- Obtains rank as _Sixth Regiment of Horse_ 4 - - ---- Arms and equipment -- - - ---- Reviewed by King James II. 5 - - 1686 Establishment, and names of officers 6 - - ---- Reviewed by King James II. 7 - - 1687 ----, and employed on the King's duty -- - - 1688 The Revolution 8 - - 1689 Accession of William III. 9 - - ---- Employed on the King's duty 10 - - 1690 Obtains rank as _Fifth Regiment of Horse_ 11 - - 1691 Proceeds on foreign service 12 - - 1692 Battle of Steenkirk -- - - 1693 ---- Landen 13 - - 1695 Covering the siege of Namur 15 - - 1696 Attack on a French outpost 16 - - 1697 Peace of Ryswick -- - - ---- Returns to England 17 - - 1698 Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1746 Styled _First Irish Horse_ 22 - - 1751 Uniform, standards, &c. 23 - - 1788 Reduced to the quality of Dragoons, and styled - _Fourth Dragoon Guards_ 31 - - ---- Styled the _Fourth_, or _Royal Irish Dragoon Guards_ 33 - - 1793 Proceeds to England 34 - - 1795 Returns to Ireland -- - - 1796 Disturbed state of Ireland 35 - - ---- A French force arrives at Bantry Bay -- - - 1797 Alterations in the equipment, &c. 36 - - 1798 Rebellion in Ireland 37 - - ---- Action at Naas -- - - ---- ---- Prosperous and Carlow 38 - - ---- ---- near Gorey 39 - - ---- ---- at Ovidstown, Goff's Bridge, and Arklow 40 - - ---- ---- Vinegar Hill 41 - - ---- ---- Gore's Bridge and Kildare 43 - - 1799 Proceeds to England 44 - - ---- Horses' tails docked -- - - 1800 Marches to Scotland -- - - 1802 Returns to Ireland--Alteration in the clothing 45 - - 1803 Bonaparte's threat of invading England -- - - ---- Field officers released from the charge of troops 46 - - 1804 Embarks for England -- - - 1805 St. Patrick's fund established in the regiment 47 - - 1806 Proceeds to Scotland--Returns to England -- - - 1808 Riots at Manchester, &c. 48 - - ---- Men's hair cut short, and powder discontinued 49 - - 1809 Troop Quartermasters replaced by Troop Serjeant-Majors -- - - 1810 Riots in the Coal districts -- - - 1811 Six troops proceed to Portugal 50 - - 1812 Covering the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo 51 - - ---- ---- Badajoz -- - - ---- Skirmish at Llerena 52 - - ---- Advances to Madrid -- - - ---- Retreats to Portugal -- - - 1813 Returns to England 54 - - ---- Regimental school established -- - - 1814 Peace concluded--The establishment reduced 55 - - 1814 Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1814 Alteration in the uniform 56 - - 1815 War proclaimed--The establishment augmented -- - - ---- Peace restored--The establishment reduced 57 - - 1818 Embarks for England -- - - 1819 Alteration in the uniform 58 - - 1820 Riots at Wakefield and Sheffield 59 - - 1821 Marches to Scotland -- - - 1822 Embarks for Ireland 60 - - 1826 ---- England 61 - - ---- Riots at Dudley, Wolverhampton, and Lichfield -- - - 1827 Alterations in the uniform 62 - - 1830 Marches to Scotland 64 - - ---- Lace changed from silver to gold -- - - 1831 Riots at elections in Scotland -- - - 1832 Embarks for Ireland 66 - - ---- Riots in Ireland -- - - 1834 Ditto 71 - - 1835 Embarks for England, and stationed at Brighton 74 - - 1837 Riots at elections in England 77 - - 1838 Attends the coronation of Queen Victoria 78 - - ---- Her Majesty approves of the regiment bearing the - _Harp_ and _Crown_, in addition to the _Star_ of - the Order of _St. Patrick_ 79 - - ---- The conclusion -- - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. - - Anno Page - - 1685 James Earl of Arran, K.T. 81 - - 1688 Charles Earl of Selkirk 83 - - ---- Charles Godfrey -- - - 1693 Francis Langston 84 - - 1713 George Jocelyn 85 - - 1715 Sherrington Davenport 86 - - 1719 Owen Wynne -- - - 1732 Thomas Pearce 87 - - 1739 James Lord Tyrawley 88 - - 1743 John Brown 89 - - 1762 James Johnston 90 - - 1775 James Johnston -- - - 1778 George Warde 92 - - 1803 Miles Staveley -- - - 1814 Sir Henry Fane, G.C.B. 93 - - 1827 Sir George Anson, G.C.B. 94 - - -PLATES. - - The Standard of the Regiment to follow the regimental Title-page. - - Colonel Francis Langston at the battle of Landen to face Page 14. - - The Uniform in 1838 to face " 80. - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF THE - -FOURTH, OR ROYAL IRISH REGIMENT - -OF - -DRAGOON GUARDS. - - -[Sidenote: 1685] - -The Regiment, which forms the subject of the following memoir, is one -of the seventeen corps, now in the British army, which derive their -origin from the commotions in England during the first year of the -reign of King James II. - -The origin of these commotions may be traced to the pernicious -councils adopted by King Charles I., which were followed by a flame -of puritanical zeal and of democratical fury and outrage in the -country, which deprived the monarch of life, and forced the royal -family to reside for several years in exile on the continent, where -King Charles II. and his brother, James Duke of York, imbibed the -doctrines of the Church of Rome. After the Restoration, in 1660, the -King concealed his religion from his Protestant subjects; but the -Duke of York openly avowed the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church, -which rendered him exceedingly unpopular. King Charles II. having -no legitimate issue, his eldest illegitimate son, JAMES DUKE OF -MONMOUTH, an officer of some merit, who had espoused the Protestant -cause with great warmth, and had become very popular, aspired to -the throne. In a few months after the accession of James II., this -nobleman arrived from Holland (11th June, 1685) with a band of armed -followers, and erecting his standard in the west of England, called -upon the people to aid him in gaining the sovereign power. - -Although a deep feeling of anxiety was general in the kingdom at -this period, yet the King had declared his determination to support -the Protestant religion, as by law established, and his designs -against the constitution had not been manifested; hence loyalty to -the sovereign, a principle so genial to the innate feelings of the -British people, prevailed over every other consideration. A number -of Mendip miners and other disaffected persons joined the Duke of -Monmouth; but men of all ranks arrayed themselves under the banners -of royalty. - -To officers and soldiers imbued with a laudable _esprit de corps_, -the particulars relating to the origin and services of their regiment -are of intense interest, and the circumstances which gave rise to -the formation of their corps are of themselves an era. To encourage -such feelings is one of the objects of the present undertaking, -and, although the general reader may think the narrative tedious, -the officers and men of the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS will feel -gratified at learning by whom, and where, each troop, of which their -regiment was originally composed, was raised. This information has -been procured from public documents, in which it is recorded that, in -the midst of the hostile preparations which the Duke of Monmouth's -rebellion occasioned in every part of the kingdom, a troop of horse -was raised by JAMES EARL OF ARRAN, eldest son of William Duke of -Hamilton, a nobleman distinguished alike for loyalty and attachment -to the Protestant religion; a second troop was raised, in the -vicinity of London, by Captain John Parker, Lieutenant of the Horse -Grenadier Guards attached to the King's Own troop of Life Guards (now -First Regiment of Life Guards); a third at Lichfield, by William -Baggott, Esq.; a fourth at Grantham, by Thomas Harrington, Esq.; a -fifth at Durham, by John Fetherstonhalgh, Esq.; and the sixth at -Morpeth, by William Ogle, Esq.; and that, after the decisive battle -of Sedgemoor had destroyed the hopes of the invader, these six troops -were ordered to march to the south of England, and were incorporated -into a regiment of CUIRASSIERS, which is now the FOURTH OR ROYAL -IRISH REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS. The Colonelcy was conferred on -the EARL OF ARRAN, by commission, dated the 28th of July, 1685; the -Lieutenant-Colonelcy on Captain Charles Nedby,[7] from the Queen's -regiment of horse; and the commission of Major on Captain John Parker. - -At the formation of this regiment it ranked as SIXTH HORSE, but was -distinguished by the name of its Colonel, the practice of using -numerical titles not having been introduced into the British army -until the reign of King George II. This corps being composed of the -sons of substantial yeomen and tradesmen, who provided their own -horses, it was held in high estimation in the country, and the men -were placed on a rate of pay (2_s._ 6_d._ per day) which gave them -a respectable station in society. Few nations in Europe possessed -a body of troops which could vie with the English horse in all the -qualities of good soldiers, and, in the reigns of King William III. -and Queen Anne, this _arme_ acquired a celebrity for gallantry and -good conduct; and these qualities, whether evinced by bravery in the -field, or by steadiness and temperate behaviour when their services -have been required on home duties, have proved their usefulness, and -have rendered them valuable corps during succeeding reigns. - -The EARL OF ARRAN'S Regiment was armed and equipped, in common with -the other regiments of CUIRASSIERS, with long swords, a pair of long -pistols, and short carbines; the men wore hats, with broad brims -bound with narrow lace, turned up on one side, and ornamented with -ribands; large boots; and gauntlet gloves; their defensive armour was -steel cuirasses, and head-pieces. This regiment was distinguished -by white ribands, white linings to the coat, white waistcoats and -breeches, white horse-furniture, the carbine belts covered with -white cloth, and ornamented with lace, and the officers wore white -silk sashes;--each regiment had a distinguishing colour, which was -then called its _livery_, and which is now called _facing_, and the -distinguishing colour of the EARL OF ARRAN'S Regiment was WHITE.[8] - -On their arrival in the south of England, ARRAN'S CUIRASSIERS -proceeded to the vicinity of Hounslow, and on the 20th of August -passed in review before King James II. and his court on the heath. In -order to make a display of his power and to overawe the disaffected -in the kingdom, His Majesty ordered an army of eight thousand men to -encamp on Hounslow Heath, of which this regiment formed a part; and -on the 22nd of August the King reviewed twenty squadrons of horse, -one of horse-grenadier guards, one of dragoons, and ten battalions of -foot on the heath. After the review ARRAN'S CUIRASSIERS marched into -quarters at Winchester and Andover, where they arrived on the 5th of -September. - -[Sidenote: 1686] - -In these quarters the regiment passed the succeeding winter; and on -the 1st of January, 1686, its establishment was fixed by a warrant -under the sign manual, from which the following is an extract:-- - - +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | THE EARL OF ARRAN'S REGIMENT OF HORSE. | - +-----------------------------------------------------+--------------+ - | FIELD AND STAFF-OFFICERS. | Per Diem. | - +-----------------------------------------------------+----+----+----+ - | | £. |_s._|_d._| - | The Colonel, _as Colonel_ | 0 | 12 | 0 | - | Lieutenant-Colonel, _as Lieut.-Colonel_ | 0 | 8 | 0 | - | The Major (_who has no troop_), for himself, } | | | | - | horses, and servants } | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | Adjutant | 0 | 5 | 0 | - | Chaplain | 0 | 6 | 8 | - | Chirurgeon iv^s per day, and j horse to carry his } | | | | - | chest, ij^s per day } | 0 | 6 | 0 | - | A Kettle-Drummer to the Colonel's troop | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | +----+----+----+ - | | 3 | 0 | 8 | - | +----+----+----+ - | THE COLONEL'S TROOP. | | | | - | The Colonel, _as Captaine_, x^s per day, and ij } | | | | - | horses, each at ij^s per day } | 0 | 14 | 0 | - | Lieutenant vi^s, and ij horses, each at ij^s | 0 | 10 | 0 | - | Cornett v^s, and ij horses, each at ij^s | 0 | 9 | 0 | - | Quarter-Master iv^s, and i horse, at ij^s | 0 | 6 | 0 | - | Three Corporals, each at iij^s per day | 0 | 9 | 0 | - | Two Trumpeters, each at ij^s viii^d | 0 | 5 | 4 | - | Forty Private Soldiers, each at ij^s vi^d per day | 5 | 0 | 0 | - | +----+----+----+ - | | 7 | 13 | 4 | - | FIVE TROOPS MORE, of the same numbers, and at the } | | | | - | same rates of pay as the Colonel's troop } | 38 | 6 | 8 | - | +----+----+----+ - | TOTAL FOR THIS REGIMENT PER DIEM | 49 | 0 | 8 | - | +----+----+----+ - | PER ANNUM £17|,897| 3 | 4 | - +-----------------------------------------------------+----+----+----+ - -At this period the following officers were holding commissions in the -regiment:-- - - _Troop._ _Captains._ _Lieutenants._ _Cornets._ - 1st Earl of Arran (Col.) Thos. Daliell Ch. Carterret - 2nd Ch. Nedby (Lt.-Col.) Thos. Bagshaw Thos. Webster - 3rd Wm. Baggott Rd. Fetherstonhalgh Mark Strother - 4th Jno. Fetherstonhalgh Thos. Brackston Philip Lawson - 5th Thos. Harrington Wm. Hall Jos. Ascough - 6th Wm. Ogle Ar. Hepburn Surtes Swinburn - - John Parker Major. - John Sharrall Chaplain. - Stephen Aston Adjutant. - Anthony Rouse Chirurgeon. - -ARRAN'S CUIRASSIERS were called from their cantonments in Hampshire -in June, and again pitched their tents on Hounslow Heath, where they -were reviewed several times by the King; and afterwards marched -into quarters at Leicester, Ashby de la Zouch, Loughborough, and -Melton Mowbray; and while in these quarters their Lieutenant-Colonel -retired, and was succeeded by Major John Parker. - -[Sidenote: 1687] - -In the following summer they were withdrawn from Leicestershire, -and proceeding to the metropolis, occupied quarters for a short -time at Chelsea and Knightsbridge, from whence they proceeded to -Hounslow, and again pitched their tents on the heath. After having -been reviewed by the King, they marched (9th August) to Windsor and -adjacent villages, and furnished a guard for the royal family at -Windsor Castle; also a guard for the Princess Anne (afterwards Queen -Anne) at Hampton Court Palace, and one troop was stationed at London -to assist the Life Guards in their attendance on the Court. - -On the 31st of August the regiment marched to London, and was -quartered in Holborn, Gray's Inn Lane, and the vicinity of -Smithfield, in order to take part in the duties of the court and -metropolis; and in September it furnished a detachment to protect a -large sum of money from London to Portsmouth. - -[Sidenote: 1688] - -Having been relieved from the King's duty, ARRAN'S CUIRASSIERS -marched to Richmond and adjacent villages in May, 1688; and in July -they once more encamped on Hounslow Heath. After taking part in -several reviews, mock-battles, and splendid military spectacles, -which were exhibited on the Heath by a numerous army, they proceeded -to Cambridge, Peterborough, and St. Ives, and afterwards to Ipswich, -where they were stationed a short time under Major-General Sir John -Lanier, but were suddenly ordered to march to London in the beginning -of November. - -The circumstances in which the loyal officers and soldiers of -the King's army were placed were of a most painful character. -The King had been making rapid advances towards the subversion -of the established religion and laws of the kingdom; and loyalty -to the sovereign,--a distinguished feature in the character of -the British soldier, and the love of the best interests of their -native country,--which is inherent in men, were become so opposed -to each other, that it appeared necessary for one to be sacrificed. -ARRAN'S CUIRASSIERS were, however, spared this painful ordeal by the -circumstances which occurred. The King had resolved to remodel his -army in England by the dismissal of Protestants and the introduction -of Papists, as he had already done in Ireland; but the arrival -of the Prince of Orange, with a Dutch army to aid the English -nobility in opposing the proceedings of the Court, overturned the -King's measures. The loyalty and attachment to the King evinced by -the EARL OF ARRAN occasioned him to be promoted to the rank of -Brigadier-General, and his regiment was considered one of the corps -on which dependence could be placed. It had completed an augmentation -of ten men per troop ordered in September, and was selected to remain -as a guard near the Queen and the infant Prince of Wales, who was -afterwards known as the Pretender: but a defection appearing in the -army, the infant Prince was sent to Portsmouth; and the regiment, -having been released from its duty of attendance on the Queen, was -ordered to march to Salisbury. - -Many officers and soldiers joined the Prince of Orange, and amongst -others, Lord Churchill, Colonel of the third troop of Life Guards; -the King gave the Duke of Berwick the command of the third troop -of Life Guards; removed the EARL OF ARRAN to the Royal Regiment of -Horse Guards; and conferred the Colonelcy of the SIXTH HORSE on the -Earl's brother, CHARLES EARL OF SELKIRK, from Guidon and Major in the -fourth troop of Life Guards, his commission bearing date the 20th of -November, 1688. - -The desertions which took place alarmed the King and Queen; Her -Majesty fled with the infant Prince to France, and was followed by -the King. The Prince of Orange assumed the reins of government, and -the EARL OF SELKIRK'S regiment was ordered to march to Stamford in -Lincolnshire. - -On the 31st of December, 1688, the Prince of Orange conferred the -Colonelcy of the regiment on Colonel Charles Godfrey, who had -previously held a commission in the Duke of Monmouth's regiment of -horse. - -[Sidenote: 1689] - -The Prince and Princess of Orange having ascended the throne while -the regiment was quartered in Lincolnshire, it took part in the -solemnity of the proclamation of their Majesty's accession at -Stamford, on the 16th of February, 1689, on which occasion three -troops, with the trumpets and kettle drums, paraded the town, and, -'after firing several volleys, partook of a substantial repast, -with abundance of wine, and drank their Majesties' health amidst -reiterated acclamations.' - -In the middle of March three troops proceeded to the Isle of Wight, -where 1500 Irish Roman Catholics were detained in the custody of a -military force. These men had entered the service of King James in -Ireland, and had been ordered to England to support the arbitrary -proceedings of the Court; at the Revolution they were deprived of -their arms and sent prisoners to the Isle of Wight, from whence they -were eventually transported to Hamburgh, to be disposed of in the -service of the Emperor of Germany. - -Thirty men and horses of the regiment were transferred, in April, to -the Blues, to complete the establishment of that corps previous to -its embarkation for Holland. - -During the summer three troops of the SIXTH HORSE were encamped on -Hounslow Heath. King William had reasons to suspect that several old -corps were not well affected towards his interests; but His Majesty -appears to have placed entire confidence in the attachment of the -officers and men of this regiment to his person and government; and -in August a strong detachment left the camp at Hounslow, to take part -in the duties of the Court and metropolis. The remainder of the three -troops of the SIXTH HORSE, encamped on the heath, proceeded into -quarters at Croydon and Mitcham; and in December, the three troops -in the Isle of Wight were removed to Salisbury. - -[Sidenote: 1690] - -The detachment having been relieved from the King's duty in London, -the regiment was removed in February, 1690, into quarters at Oxford -and Abingdon. In the following month it received orders to embark -for Ireland, to serve under King William, against the French and the -Irish Roman Catholics under King James. This order was, however, -countermanded, and when the King proceeded with three troops of -Life Guards to Ireland, this regiment marched into quarters in the -villages near London, in order to take part in the duties of the -Court. Having been relieved from this duty by the Fourth Horse (now -3rd Dragoon Guards), the regiment marched into quarters at Portsmouth -and Isle of Wight, and subsequently to Salisbury and Winchester. - -During the winter, the Fifth Regiment of Horse[9] was disbanded in -Ireland; and the SIXTH HORSE obtained rank as FIFTH HORSE from this -period. - -[Sidenote: 1691] - -From Salisbury and Winchester the regiment, now taking rank as -FIFTH HORSE, was withdrawn in May, 1691, and proceeded to Hertford, -Dartford, and Romford, and one troop furnished the guard at Windsor -for the Queen Dowager, Catherine, consort of the late King Charles -II. In June one troop was in attendance on the Princess Anne at -Tunbridge; and in the autumn the regiment furnished a relay of -escorts to attend the King from Harwich to London, when His Majesty -returned from the Netherlands. - -The conquest of Ireland having been achieved, the King was enabled -to augment his army in the Low Countries; and, soon after His -Majesty's arrival in England, GODFREY'S HORSE were selected to -proceed on foreign service. The regiment was, accordingly, embarked -in transports on the river Thames on the 27th of November, and sailed -on the following day. After its arrival in Flanders it went into -quarters at Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1692] - -In the spring of the following year, the FIFTH Regiment of Horse -took the field to serve its first campaign with the army under King -William III. in person, who was fighting for the preservation of -the Protestant religion and the balance of power in Europe, against -the forces of Louis XIV. of France. After several movements, King -William attacked the French army, commanded by Marshal Luxembourg, -at its position near _Steenkirk_, on the 24th of July, 1692. The -FIFTH HORSE supported the attacking column, and when the infantry -deployed, it drew up on the right skirts of a wood, through which the -main body of the army had to pass. The leading corps behaved with -signal gallantry, but were repulsed, and the main body of the army -was too far in the rear to give the required support. An immense body -of French cavalry menacing the British infantry, the FIFTH HORSE -were ordered to advance, and they succeeded in checking the enemy's -squadrons. Lord Mountjoy[10], a young nobleman of great promise, who -was serving as a volunteer, was killed by a cannon ball at the head -of the regiment. It soon afterwards received orders to retire, and -this movement was covered by a squadron of Horse Grenadier Guards. -The regiment was subsequently engaged in several movements, and in -the autumn it proceeded into winter-quarters. - -[Sidenote: 1693] - -Shortly after the battle of Steenkirk, the Princess Anne of Denmark's -regiment of horse,[11] which had lost many men and horses in the -action, was disbanded; and on the 7th of March, 1693, its Colonel, -Francis Langston, was appointed to the command of the FIFTH HORSE, -vice Colonel Charles Godfrey, who retired. - -In the ensuing campaign the regiment was again engaged for several -weeks in marches, manœuvring, and occupying positions on the rich -plains of the Netherlands, to defeat the designs of the enemy; and -on the 19th of July it was engaged in the hard-contested battle of -_Landen_, where it had an opportunity of distinguishing itself. It -was formed, during the early part of the action, near the village -of Neer-Landen, to support the infantry on the left, and sustained -some loss from a heavy cannonade to which it was exposed. At length -Marshal Luxembourg, by means of an immense superiority of numbers, -carried the village of Neer-Winden, forced the position occupied by -his opponents, and his numerous cavalry overpowered the squadrons -in the right wing of the confederate army. King William instantly -ordered the English horse on the left to oppose the victorious -career of the enemy; and LANGSTON'S REGIMENT, galloping to the scene -of conflict, charged the French horsemen with signal gallantry. -The right squadron of this regiment, led by its Colonel, FRANCIS -LANGSTON, broke the French squadron to which it was opposed, and -made great slaughter; and the heroic LANGSTON, an officer remarkable -for prowess and valour, who had served against the Moors in Africa, -and at the battles of the Boyne, Aghrim, and Steenkirk, was seen -using his broadsword with terrible execution, but he was eventually -surrounded, severely wounded, and taken prisoner. Fresh squadrons of -French cavalry, flushed with the prospect of victory, renewed the -fight, and, notwithstanding the bravery evinced by the English horse, -superiority of numbers prevailed. King William ordered a retreat, -which, having to be made across bridges and by narrow defiles, was -not executed without much confusion and loss. His Majesty remained on -the ground until nearly surrounded by the enemy; but he was rescued -by a party of his Life Guards and a troop of Horse. - -[Illustration: COLONEL FRANCIS LANGSTON, FIFTH HORSE - -_At the Battle of Landen 19^{th} July, 1693_] - -After retiring from the field, the regiment proceeded to Tirlemont; -it was subsequently engaged in several movements, and on the 5th of -August it was reviewed by King William, with the remainder of the -cavalry, near Wemmel. In November it marched into quarters at Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1694] - -Having been joined by a body of recruits and remount horses from -England, to replace the losses of the preceding campaign, the -regiment marched out of Ghent in May, 1694, to cantonments in the -villages between Brussels and Dendermond. The campaign of this year -was remarkable for the long and fatiguing marches performed by the -troops; but no general engagement occurred. After traversing Flanders -and Brabant in various directions, and experiencing much privation -from the country having so long been the seat of war, the regiment -returned to its former quarters. - -[Sidenote: 1695] - -The services of the regiment during the campaign of 1695 were limited -to covering the siege of _Namur_, one of the strongest fortresses -in Europe, and garrisoned by 15,000 men, commanded by a Marshal of -France (Boufflers). When the siege was formed, the regiment was -detached to graze the horses between Charleroi and Mons; it was -subsequently engaged in manœuvring to protect the besieging forces -from the attacks of the French army. In the beginning of August the -regiment was encamped at Waterloo, and subsequently in the immediate -vicinity of Namur. This fortress was eventually captured, and this -event was considered the brightest feature in King William's military -history, and one upon which he was often heard to declare his -satisfaction. - -[Sidenote: 1696] - -After passing the winter in Ghent, the regiment was brigaded with -the regiments of Lumley and Schomberg (now 1st and 7th Dragoon -Guards), and was reviewed by the King on the 30th of May, 1696, "and -made a very noble appearance." It served the campaign of this year -under the Prince of Vaudemont in Flanders; and was encamped--first at -Marykirk, and subsequently along the canal between Ghent and Bruges, -to protect these places, with Nieuport, and the other maritime -towns of Flanders, from the attacks of the enemy. A French army was -encamped on the opposite side of the canal, and several skirmishes -occurred, but no general engagement took place. - -On the night of the 20th of September, Colonel Langston crossed the -canal with a squadron of this regiment and a party of dragoons, and -attacking one of the French outposts, defeated the guard and took -thirty prisoners. The Prince of Vaudemont reviewed the regiment a few -days after this event, and on the 5th of October it left the camp for -winter-quarters in Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1697] - -The regiment having been selected to form part of the army of Brabant -during the campaign of 1697, it marched out of its winter-quarters in -the early part of May, and pitched its tents at St. Quintin Linneck -on the 16th of that month, and was formed in brigade with Leveson's, -Windham's, and Galway's regiments (2nd and 6th Dragoon Guards, and a -regiment of French Protestants.) It took part in several manœuvres, -and during the night of the 12th of June it retired with the army -through the forest of Soigne, and took post before Brussels, to -protect that city from a siege. The regiment was subsequently -encamped near Wavre, where it remained until peace was restored -by the Treaty of Ryswick[12], which was signed in September. It -afterwards marched to Ghent, and during the winter embarked for -England. - -[Sidenote: 1698] - -After its return from foreign service the regiment was quartered at -Northampton, Banbury, and Wellingborough; and, the House of Commons -having voted that only 10,000 regular troops should be kept in pay in -England, it was ordered, in February, 1698, to march to Highlake, in -Cheshire, and to embark for Ireland. - -Having landed at Dublin on the 31st of March, the regiment was -placed on the Irish establishment, and the rates of pay of the -non-commissioned officers and soldiers were reduced; the troops in -Ireland being on a lower rate of pay than those in England. - -[Sidenote: 1699] - -The establishment of the regiment was fixed by a warrant under the -sign-manual, bearing date the 1st of May, 1699, at the following -numbers:-- - - Colonel, _as Colonel_, 12_s._; in lieu of servants, 3_s._ £0 15 0 - Lieut.-Colonel, _as Lieut.-Colonel_ 0 8 0 - Major, _as Major_ 0 5 6 - Chaplain 0 6 8 - Chirurgeon 0 4 0 - Kettle-Drummer 0 2 6 - - _First Troop._ - Captain, 10_s._; 2 horses, each 2_s._; in lieu of servants, 3_s._ 0 17 0 - Lieutenants, 5_s._; do. 2_s._; do. 1_s._ 6_d._ 0 10 6 - Cornet, 3_s._; do. 2_s._; do. 1_s._ 6_d._ 0 8 6 - Quartermaster, for himself and horse 0 5 0 - 2 Corporals, each 2_s._ 6_d._ 0 5 0 - 1 Trumpeter, 2_s._ 6_d._ 0 2 6 - 36 Private Troopers, each 1_s._ 6_d._ 2 14 0 - 5 Troops more of the same numbers 25 12 6 - -------- - Total per day 32 16 8 - -------- - Per year £11,984 3 4 - -In the same year His Majesty issued an order--'That whatever regiment, -troop, or company shall be on duty in Dublin, there is to be allowed -unto each private horseman 3_d._ per diem, and to each private -foot soldier 1_d._ per diem, over and above what is otherwise -established[13].' The troopers of this regiment were the first to -derive the advantages given by this order, as they were on Dublin -duty at the time it was issued. - -[Sidenote: 1701] - -[Sidenote: 1702] - -The decease of King James having taken place at St. Germains, in -September, 1701, the King of France (Louis XIV.) proclaimed the -pretended Prince of Wales King of Great Britain by the style and -title of James III.: this event, with the elevation of the Duke -of Anjou to the throne of Spain in violation of the most solemn -engagements, was followed by a sanguinary war with France and Spain, -and a British force proceeded to the Netherlands. This regiment -was not, however, employed on foreign service during the war; the -proclamation of the Pretender, with the death of King William III., -which occurred in March, 1702, had revived the hopes of the Papists; -and the partisans of the Stuart dynasty were conspiring to effect -the elevation of the Pretender to the throne of these kingdoms. -Queen Anne, therefore, deemed it expedient to detain in Ireland a -few trusty corps of approved devotion to the Protestant interest, -and BRIGADIER-GENERAL LANGSTON'S Regiment of Horse was selected -to remain in that kingdom. This honourable distinction necessarily -prevented the regiment sharing in the many glorious victories gained -by the forces under the great Duke of Marlborough, where five -regiments of British horse (now the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 6th, and 7th -Dragoon Guards) acquired never-fading laurels. - -[Sidenote: 1703] - -In 1703 the regiment was again employed on Dublin duty, and on the -24th of July it was reviewed near that city by his grace the Duke of -Ormond, the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, who expressed his admiration -of its appearance and discipline. - -[Sidenote: 1704] - -For many years subsequent to this period there was little diversity -in the services of the regiment: it was usually stationed at or near -Dublin, occasionally occupying dispersed cantonments in more remote -parts of the kingdom. - -[Sidenote: 1706] - -[Sidenote: 1709] - -[Sidenote: 1710] - -During the summer of 1706 the regiment was encamped on the Curragh -of Kildare. On the 21st of April, 1709, two troops attended the Earl -of Wharton, the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, at his public entry into -Dublin; and on the 7th of May, 1710, two troops escorted his lordship -into Dublin, on his return from England. - -[Sidenote: 1713] - -Lieutenant-General Francis Langston having retired from the service, -the Colonelcy of the regiment was conferred, through the interest -of James Duke of Ormond, on Brigadier-General George Jocelyn, from -the Second Troop (now Second Regiment) of Life Guards, by commission -dated the 20th of October, 1713. - -[Sidenote: 1714] - -[Sidenote: 1715] - -After the accession of King George I. in 1714, the Duke of Ormond -being removed from the command of the army, Brigadier-General -Jocelyn sold his commission and quitted the service; and was -succeeded in the Colonelcy of the FIFTH HORSE by Major-General -Sherrington Davenport, from the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the First -Troop (now First Regiment) of Life Guards, his commission bearing -date the 9th of February, 1715. - -About this period the distinguishing colour, or facing, of the -regiment was changed from _white_ to _light blue_. - -[Sidenote: 1716] - -When the rebellion of the Earl of Mar, in favour of the Pretender, -broke out in Scotland, the FIFTH HORSE were directed to hold -themselves in readiness to proceed to England on the shortest notice; -but the rebellion was suppressed by the forces under the Duke of -Argyle, without the aid of this corps being required. - -[Sidenote: 1718] - -Tranquillity having been restored, the establishment of the regiment -was reduced to 24 private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1719] - -[Sidenote: 1732] - -The decease of Major-General Davenport occurred on the 2nd of July, -1719; and on the 6th of that month King George I. conferred the -Colonelcy of the FIFTH HORSE on Major-General Owen Wynne, from a -Regiment of Dragoons, now 9th Lancers: this officer commanded the -regiment upwards of thirteen years, and was removed, in August, 1732, -to the Royal Irish (late Fifth) Regiment of Dragoons. - -In September, 1732, King George II. appointed Lieutenant-General -Thomas Pearce to the Colonelcy of the FIFTH HORSE, from the 5th -Regiment of Foot. - -[Sidenote: 1739] - -Lieutenant-General Pearce commanded the regiment seven years, -and, dying in the summer of 1739, was succeeded in the Colonelcy -by Major-General James Lord Tyrawley, from the Royal Regiment of -Fusiliers, his commission bearing date the 26th of August, 1739. - -On the 27th of the following month the regiment formed part of a -splendid cavalcade which attended his grace the Duke of Devonshire -on his arrival at Dublin as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, from the -water-side to the castle. - -[Sidenote: 1740] - -The decease of Charles VI., Emperor of Germany, having been followed -by a contest between his daughter, the Archduchess Maria-Theresa -and the Elector of Bavaria, respecting the sovereignty of Bohemia -and Hungaria, King George II. resolved to support the house of -Austria;--the strength of the army was augmented, and 10 men and -horses were added in 1740 to each troop of the FIFTH Regiment of -Horse. - -During the summer of this year (1740) the populace of Dublin broke -out into open riot, committing many acts of violence and outrage, in -consequence of a scarcity of corn, and TYRAWLEY'S HORSE were ordered -out and directed to patrole the streets night and day. - -[Sidenote: 1741] - -[Sidenote: 1742] - -[Sidenote: 1743] - -In April of the following year a further augmentation of nine men -per troop was made to the establishment; and in 1742 a British army -was sent to Flanders to support the pretensions of the Archduchess -Maria-Theresa, as Queen of Hungaria, against the power of France and -the Elector of Bavaria; but this regiment was detained in Ireland. In -the beginning of 1743 the regiment furnished a draft of ten men and -horses per troop to join the regiments of horse on foreign service. - -Lieutenant-General Lord Tyrawley, after commanding the regiment -nearly four years, was removed to the Colonelcy of the Second Troop -of Horse Grenadier Guards, and the command of the FIFTH HORSE -was conferred on Colonel John Brown from the Ninth Dragoons, his -commission bearing date the 1st of April, 1743. - -[Sidenote: 1744] - -In the beginning of the following year another draft of men and -horses was sent on foreign service. - -[Sidenote: 1745] - -In April, 1745, the regiment was reviewed at Maryborough by -Major-General de Grangues; and after the rebellion headed by Charles -Edward, eldest son of the Pretender, broke out in Scotland, this -regiment was ordered to Dublin, and the army in Ireland was placed -in dispersed cantonments near the coast to resist any descent which -might be attempted upon the island. - -[Sidenote: 1746] - -After the suppression of the rebellion in Scotland, three of the -four regiments of _Horse_ in England were reduced to the quality of -_Dragoons_ (25th December, 1746), and styled _Dragoon Guards_, and -this regiment obtained the designation of the FIRST IRISH HORSE. The -regiments of horse on the Irish establishment (now the 4th, 5th, 6th, -and 7th Dragoon Guards) were frequently designated by the colour of -their facings; the FIRST being frequently called the _Blue Horse_; -the _Second_ the _Green Horse_; the _Third_, the _Carabiniers_; and -the _Fourth_ the _Black Horse_. - -[Sidenote: 1748] - -A treaty of peace was concluded with France and Bavaria at -Aix-la-Chapelle in the winter of 1748-9; and, while the negociations -were in progress, the establishment of the FIRST IRISH HORSE (with -that of all other regiments of horse and dragoons in Ireland) was -reduced to twenty-one private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1751] - -On the 1st of July, 1751, a warrant was issued under the sign-manual, -regulating the uniform, colours, and standards of the regiments -of the line, from which the following particulars are extracted -respecting the FIRST IRISH HORSE. - - HATS--Ornamented with silver lace, and a black cockade. - - COATS--Scarlet, faced and lappelled with pale blue, button-holes - worked with white, white metal buttons set on two and two, and a - long slash pocket in each skirt. - - WAISTCOATS AND BREECHES--Pale blue. - - CLOAKS--Red, lined with pale blue, and the buttons set on two and - two, on white frogs, or loops. - - HORSE FURNITURE--Pale blue, with a border of broad white - mohair lace, having a scarlet stripe down the centre, and I/H - embroidered on a red ground, within a wreath of roses and - thistles, on each holster-cap and on each corner of the housing. - - STANDARDS--The King's, or First Standard, to be of crimson - damask, embroidered and fringed with gold and silver; in the - centre the rose and thistle conjoined and crown over them, and - the motto _Dieu et mon Droit_ underneath; the white horse in a - compartment in the first and fourth corners, and I/H in silver - character on a pale blue ground in a compartment in the second - and third corners. The second and third Standard to be of pale - blue damask; in the centre the rank of the regiment in silver - Roman characters, on a crimson ground, within a wreath of roses - and thistles; the white horse on a red ground in the first and - fourth compartments, and the rose and thistle conjoined upon a - red ground in the second and third compartments. - - OFFICERS--Distinguished by silver lace, coats bound with silver - embroidery, the button-holes worked with silver, and a crimson - silk sash worn over the left shoulder. - - QUARTERMASTERS--To wear a crimson sash round the waist. - - CORPORALS--To have narrow silver lace on the lappels, cuffs, - pockets, and shoulder-strops. - - KETTLE-DRUMMERS AND TRUMPETERS--Clothed in pale blue, faced and - turned up with red, with long hanging sleeves fastened at the - waist; red waistcoats and breeches; and the lace to be white with - a red stripe. - -[Sidenote: 1753] - -[Sidenote: 1754] - -In May, 1753, the regiment was reviewed by Major-General Blyth at -Carlow, and immediately afterwards marched to Dublin; in 1754 it was -reviewed by the Earl of Rothes at Philipstown. - -[Sidenote: 1756] - -During the summer of 1756 detachments from the regiments of horse -and dragoons in Ireland, with the whole of the Second and Third -Regiments of Horse, were encamped at Kilkenny, with the view of -establishing a uniform system of drill and manœuvre in the cavalry. - -[Sidenote: 1759] - -Another war having commenced with France, some preparations were made -in 1759 to resist a menaced descent in Ireland by 28,000 French under -the Duke of Aguillion, and the FIRST IRISH HORSE were directed to -hold themselves in readiness to march on the shortest notice. - -In the early part of December of this year the regiment was employed -in suppressing riots in Dublin, occasioned by a supposition that an -union with England was in contemplation. The rioters broke into the -House of Lords, and committed other outrages, but were eventually -suppressed. - -[Sidenote: 1760] - -[Sidenote: 1762] - -The regiment furnished a draft of twelve men and horses, in February, -1760, to complete the Third and Fourth Horse to forty-nine men per -troop, previous to their embarkation for Germany; and another draft -of twenty-two men was ordered in the spring of 1762. During the -latter year the regiment was directed to recruit in Ireland, the -cavalry corps having, previously to this period, usually procured -recruits from England. In a few years afterwards the ranks of the -FIRST IRISH HORSE were composed almost exclusively of Irishmen. - -Lieut.-General Brown died in the summer of this year, and was -succeeded in the Colonelcy of the regiment by Colonel James Johnston, -from the Lieut-Colonelcy of the Royal Horse Guards, by commission -dated the 3rd of August, 1762. - -[Sidenote: 1763] - -At this period commotions and tumults prevailed in various parts of -Ireland to a most alarming extent; and in the beginning of 1763 the -troops were employed in assisting the high sheriffs and magistrates -in dispersing and securing bands of rioters known by the name of -_levellers_. The head-quarters of the FIRST HORSE were at Carlow, and -detachments were furnished to assist the civil power. In May, 1763, -the regiment proceded to Dublin; in July it was ordered to march -to the county of Monaghan to form escorts for the judges in their -circuits; and subsequently Lieutenant-Colonel Roberts (commanding the -regiment at Monaghan) was directed to furnish such detachments as -Charles Coote, Esq., justice of the peace, should require to suppress -riots, the county of Cavan being in a very disturbed state. - -A treaty of peace having been concluded with France, the two -regiments of horse returned from Germany, and the establishment of -this regiment was reduced to twenty private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1764] - -The regiment was again employed on Dublin duty in 1764,[14] and -while there, orders were received for all the regiments of horse and -dragoons, excepting the light dragoons, to be mounted on long-tailed -horses; all the English horse and dragoons were originally mounted on -long-tailed horses, but the fashion of the short dock was introduced -about the close of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth -centuries.[15] The regiment was also directed to discontinue the -white lace on the button-holes of the waistcoat. - -[Sidenote: 1765] - -[Sidenote: 1766] - -The regiment having been relieved from Dublin duty, its head-quarters -were established in January, 1765, at Tullamore, from whence it -marched in July to Birr, Maryborough, and Mount Mellick. In December -of this year a ration of forage was fixed at 28 lbs. of hay, 7 -lbs. of oats, and 6 lbs. of straw. During the following year the -establishment of the regiment was reduced to 19 private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1767] - -In January 1767 the FIRST HORSE were again stationed at Dublin; and -were reviewed in the fifteen-acres in Phœnix Park on the 22nd of -that month, by the Earl of Granard, who was pleased to express his -approbation of their appearance and discipline. They were withdrawn -from Dublin in May, and proceeded to Carlow, but returned in the -following month; and in December marched to Philipstown. Sword-belts -suspended across the right shoulder, which had been used by the horse -more than half a century, were this year adopted by the dragoons. - -[Sidenote: 1768] - -From Philipstown the regiment removed to Tullamore, where its -head-quarters were established in the beginning of 1768. In a return -of the distinctions of the regiment in Ireland, dated in February -of this year, the FIRST HORSE are stated to have _deep blue -facings, buff waistcoats and breeches, white lace, and white metal -buttons_.[16] - -On the 24th of May the regiment was reviewed by Major-General -Lambert; and in June the head-quarters were removed from Tullamore -to Maryborough, where the regiment was reviewed on the 9th of June, -1769, by the Earl of Drogheda. - -[Sidenote: 1769] - -Some alterations were this year (1769) made in the uniform of the -regiment;--the coats were made with half-lappels, a red stripe was -introduced into the lace, and the colour of the horse-furniture -was changed from _light_ to _dark blue_. The cavalry officers were -directed to wear their sashes with the fringe upon the right side, -and the infantry officers upon the left, and the officers of the -regiments of horse were directed to wear their sword-belts across the -right shoulder, over the waistcoat and under the coat. - -[Sidenote: 1770] - -A change of cantonments, took place during the winter, and in -January, 1770, the head-quarters of the regiment were at Kilkenny; -but they were again established at Maryborough in July. - -[Sidenote: 1771] - -[Sidenote: 1772] - -[Sidenote: 1773] - -[Sidenote: 1774] - -[Sidenote: 1775] - -In the summer of 1771 the regiment marched to Dublin, and was -reviewed by the Lord-Lieutenant in July, in the Phœnix Park.[17] -After performing duty at the capital until December, it marched -into country quarters, and occupied for short periods Tullamore, -Philipstown, Carlow, and Maryborough, during the three succeeding -years; and in the summer of 1775 was again stationed at Dublin. - -Major-General Johnston having been removed to the 11th Dragoons, His -Majesty conferred the Colonelcy of the FIRST HORSE on Major-General -James Johnston (cousin of the former colonel of the same name), from -the Ninth Dragoons, by commission dated the 27th of April, 1775. - -[Sidenote: 1776] - -The British colonies in North America having rebelled against the -mother-country, the regiment furnished in February, 1776, a draft -of sixteen troop-horses to be sent to North America and employed -in that country as the service required; 180 horses were sent from -the cavalry corps in Ireland, and 16 guineas were allowed to the -regiment for each horse. In July an augmentation of one corporal and -10 private men per troop was made to the establishment; parties of -mounted men were sent out to enlist recruits, and directions were -given that none but Protestants be engaged. - -[Sidenote: 1777] - -[Sidenote: 1778] - -In the beginning of 1777 the regiment was again in cantonments in -the country, the head-quarters being at Castlebar, from whence they -were removed in June to Roscommon, &c., but returned to Castlebar in -the winter, and in May, 1778, proceeded to Birr, where the regiment -was reviewed, on the 24th of that month, by Major-General De Burgh. -While at this station the officers were ordered to provide themselves -with tents, and to be in constant readiness to take the field. In -June the head-quarters were removed to Belfast, in July to Armagh, -and in September returned to Belfast. - -In April, 1778, Lieutenant-General James Johnston was removed to the -Enniskillen Dragoons, and was succeeded in the command of the FIRST -HORSE by Major-General George Warde, from the 14th Dragoons. - -[Sidenote: 1779] - -[Sidenote: 1780] - -[Sidenote: 1781] - -On the 1st of June, 1779, the regiment marched to Lisburn, and in -July the head-quarters were established at Belturbet. At this station -they appear to have remained until July, 1781, when they were removed -to Athlone, where the regiment was reviewed by Major-General Massey -on the 2nd of August, and soon afterwards proceeded to Dublin, but in -November returned to Athlone. - -[Sidenote: 1782] - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -The regiment was again reviewed by Major-General Massey, on the 21st -of June, 1782, at Athlone, from whence it marched, in a few days -afterwards, to Mount Mellick, and, in January of the following year, -to Dublin. - -[Sidenote: 1784] - -From Dublin the regiment proceeded, in July, 1784, to Tullamore. Its -establishment, at this period, was 21 officers, 174 non-commissioned -officers and private soldiers, and 133 troop-horses; but the American -war having been terminated by acknowledging the independence of the -United States, the numbers of the regiment were reduced 10 men per -troop. - -[Sidenote: 1785] - -Major-General Sir Henry Calder reviewed the regiment at Tullamore -on the 4th of June, 1785, and on the 9th it marched to Nenagh, from -whence a detachment of one corporal and six private men was sent to -Dublin, where parties from every cavalry regiment in Ireland were -assembled to establish an uniform system of horsemanship. - -[Sidenote: 1786] - -[Sidenote: 1787] - -After remaining upwards of a year at Nenagh, the regiment marched, in -July, 1786, to Carlow, where it passed the succeeding twelve months, -and in July, 1787, proceeded to Longford. - -[Sidenote: 1788] - -While at this station, His Majesty's commands were conveyed to the -regiment for converting it from a corps of HORSE into a corps of -DRAGOONS, with the title of DRAGOON GUARDS. The following is a copy -of the order for this change:-- - - 'GENERAL ORDER. - - '_Adjutant-General's Office, Dublin_, - '14th Feb., 1788. - - FIRST HORSE - to - FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, - - SECOND HORSE - to - FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, - - THIRD HORSE - to - SIXTH DRAGOON GUARDS, - and - FOURTH HORSE - to - SEVENTH DRAGOON GUARDS. - - 'It is His Majesty's pleasure that the four regiments of HORSE - on this establishment be converted to DRAGOON GUARDS, according - to the number specified in the margin: this regulation to take - effect from the 1st of April next inclusive; and, in consequence - of the alteration of the establishment of the regiments of horse, - His Majesty has been pleased to direct that compensation shall - be made to every officer of the four regiments of horse, for - the reduced pay of each, of which a proper scheme shall be made - known as soon as the same can be digested. His Majesty has also - been pleased to signify, that, in the change now proposed, it is - not intended that any injury shall be sustained by the Colonels - of the regiments, and that a compensation will be made to them - for any reduction of pay or emolument they may suffer by the - change; and also, that they will be reimbursed such reasonable - extra expense as will be necessary for altering their present - accoutrements, as likewise for the clothes, accoutrements, - &c., of the augmented numbers, proper estimates of which will - be immediately delivered to the Commander-in-Chief, to be laid - before his Excellency the Lord Lieutenant. - - 'Such men of the regiments of horse as choose to re-enlist will - receive a bounty of two guineas, excepting such corporals as - shall be made serjeants, and, in consequence, have their pay - advanced. I am to inform you that in all other respects the - regiments of DRAGOON GUARDS are to conform to all His Majesty's - regulations relative to the regiments of DRAGOONS. - - 'WILLIAM FAWCETT, - '_Adjutant-General_.' - -The compensation granted to the Colonel of the FOURTH DRAGOON -GUARDS was 150_l._ per annum for life, with 180_l._ 10_s._ for the -alterations in the equipment; the Lieut.-Colonel received 575_l._; -Major, 525_l._; Captains, each 475_l._; Captain-Lieutenant and -Lieutenants, 350_l._; and the Cornets each 250_l._ - -The establishment of the regiment was fixed at 1 colonel and captain, -1 lieutenant-colonel and captain, 1 major and captain, 3 captains, -6 lieutenants, 6 cornets, 1 chaplain, 1 adjutant, 1 surgeon, 6 -quarter-masters, 6 serjeants, 12 corporals, 6 trumpeters, 114 private -men, and 6 dismounted men. The carbines were cut shorter; the width -of the belts was reduced from 4½ to 3 inches; and the officers were -directed to wear their sword-belts over their coats when on duty, and -when off duty over their waistcoats. The standard for recruits was -fixed at from 5 feet 8½ inches, to 5 feet 11 inches. - -The necessary alterations having been completed, and the regiment -constituted the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, its head-quarters were -established at Belturbet; and on the 18th of April His Majesty was -graciously pleased to approve of its bearing the title of the ROYAL -IRISH REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS, in consideration of its long and -faithful services in Ireland[18]. - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -[Sidenote: 1791] - -[Sidenote: 1792] - -From Belturbet the regiment marched on the 1st of May, 1790, for -Dublin, where it was reviewed on the 20th of August by Major-General -Lyon, and in August, 1791, by Major-General White, and again by the -same officer in May, 1792. In July of the latter year it marched from -Dublin to Carlow. - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -During the period the regiment lay at Carlow, the violent republicans -of France, who had previously overturned the ancient form of -government in that country, were guilty of the atrocious conduct -of beheading their King and Queen, and of involving the kingdom in -scenes of outrage, massacre, and devastation. These proceedings were -followed by a war between Great Britain and the regicide Government -of France; and the establishment of the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS -was augmented in August, 1793, to 334 non-commissioned officers and -privates, and 276 troop horses. - -In the meantime, a British army, commanded by His Royal Highness the -Duke of York, had proceeded to the Netherlands, and the ROYAL IRISH -DRAGOON GUARDS marched on the 10th of August, 1793, for Dublin, -where they embarked in October for England, in the expectation of -proceeding to join the Duke of York's army in Flanders. - -[Sidenote: 1794] - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -After its arrival in England, the regiment was stationed at -Nottingham, and its establishment was further augmented to nine -troops of 56 men per troop. The order for its proceeding on foreign -service was, however, rescinded, and it was directed to return to -Ireland. It accordingly marched from Nottingham to Liverpool, where -it embarked in the winter of 1795, and after landing at Dublin, -halted a short time in that city, and afterwards proceeded into -cantonments in the country, the head-quarters being established at -Belturbet. While stationed at this place, the establishment was -augmented (1st April, 1796) to 65 rank and file per troop, making a -total of 612 officers and soldiers. - -The Roman Catholics of Ireland had, for some years past, been -combining against the British government, forming secret -associations, and committing numerous acts of outrage and murder upon -the Protestants, and at this period they were preparing for open -resistance; a military organization was secretly taking place in -several counties,--fire-arms were procured, and pikes manufactured. -Several Irishmen of property, who had been implicated in treasonable -practices, had fled to France, through whose agency application was -made, by the disaffected in Ireland, to the French Government, for -a force to assist them in breaking their connection with England, -and in establishing their independence as a republic. The French -Directory cherished a decided antipathy to the British, as a people -from whose firm determination, constancy of purpose, and immense -resources the towering expectations of their republic were likely to -be brought down. The proposal from Ireland was consequently acceded -to, and an armament was prepared at Brest, with transport for 25,000 -men, to be commanded by General Hoche. The assemblage of shipping and -troops at Brest, with the agitated state of Ireland, occasioned the -army in that kingdom to be augmented; and the country to be divided -into five military districts. On the 24th of December the French -fleet appeared in Bantry Bay. The ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS were -immediately despatched to oppose the enemy, and had a most harassing -march from Belturbet to Bantry in severe and inclement weather. - -Some misunderstanding appears to have occurred between the French -Directory and Irish malcontents, respecting the period when the -troops were to arrive; the Irish were not prepared to rise at this -time, and they were overawed by the number of the King's troops -near the coast. The French fleet was partly dispersed by a storm, -and the remainder of the force, alarmed at the preparations made to -oppose their landing, returned to France. After the departure of the -hostile fleet the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS marched back to their former -quarters, and occupied Belturbet and the adjacent towns. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -In the spring of 1797 the establishment was augmented to 703 officers -and men, at the same time a second Lieut.-Colonel and a second Major -were added to the regiment. In August of this year the FOURTH DRAGOON -GUARDS encamped on the Curragh of Kildare, together with the 5th, -6th, and 7th Dragoon Guards, and 5th and 9th Dragoons; and these -corps were reviewed in September by Lieut.-General Sir David Dundas, -who issued very complimentary orders on the occasion. The camp -broke up in October, when the regiment marched to Maryborough, with -detachments at Mount Mellick and Ballinakill. - -During this year some alterations were made in the equipment of the -regiment: the large carbines were exchanged for others of a smaller -size; and the pair of large pistols for a single pistol; and the -saddles were also considerably reduced in size. Lappels to the coats -and silver lace on the men's hats were discontinued; and the colour -of the waistcoats was changed from buff to white. - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -In the succeeding year the disaffected in Ireland broke out into -open rebellion. Their leaders, having received fresh promises of -aid from France, became confident of having their hopes and wishes -accomplished, and the 22nd of May, 1798, was appointed for a general -rising. The government had taken measures to meet the coming danger; -a numerous yeomanry force was embodied; the regular troops were -kept in constant readiness for active service; and, information of -the designs of the insurgents having been procured, the leaders -were seized and imprisoned, and the plan of the rebellion was -disorganized. The passions of the misguided peasantry had, however, -been wrought into fury and madness by all the motives which bigotry, -hope of personal advantage, and thirst for vengeance could inspire, -and the rebellion, so long suppressed, broke out with accumulated -horrors. During the whole of its continuance the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON -GUARDS were constantly employed in this painful and unnatural warfare. - -The regiment, having marched from Maryborough, was detached to -the different towns near Dublin, where the rebels were in force. -Captain William Smith's troop was stationed at _Naas_, with a party -of fencible cavalry and another of Armagh militia. This town was -attacked on the 24th of May by two thousand rebels: their first -attempt was upon the county jail, where they were repulsed with -great loss; and they then possessed themselves of all the principal -avenues to the town, and made a simultaneous attack on the posts -occupied by the troops. The wild and disorderly rush of the -undisciplined multitude was opposed by the troops with firmness, -and after a contest of an hour's duration, the rebels were repulsed -with the loss of one-hundred and forty men left dead in the streets. -The FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS and fencibles charged several times and -slaughtered many of the rebels in the pursuit. The regiment had -Quarter Master Rowayne and private Hughes, with eleven horses killed; -and ten men and a number of horses wounded. This loss was occasioned -by the rebel pikemen. - -During the night a party of rebels set fire to the barracks at -_Prosperous_, where one officer and twenty-eight men of the militia -perished: a party of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS was also surprised -in quarters and nearly every man put to death: a few men were taken -prisoners and afterwards butchered by the insurgents with the most -inhuman cruelty. A party of fencibles was also surprised and murdered -at Dunboyne; and the same misfortune befel a party of the Suffolk -militia escorting baggage to Kildare. A number of other towns were -attacked: in some instances the rebels were successful, in others -they were defeated; and on the 25th, 26th, and 27th of May numerous -skirmishes occurred, and civil war with all its horrors raged in the -heart of Ireland. - -A body of rebels attempted to surprise _Carlow_, which was garrisoned -by detachments of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS and Ninth Dragoons, -with some Yeomanry, Militia, and Volunteers, amounting to about 450 -men. The rebels assembled nearly 3000 strong on the estate of Sir -William Crosbie, Bart., who led them to the attack; and after a sharp -conflict they were defeated, with the loss of 500 men killed, and -many prisoners, including their leader, who was immediately tried by -martial law and hanged. - -Numerous encounters occurred in other parts of the country; and on -the 30th of May a detachment of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, with a -party of fencibles and Antrim militia, proceeding under the command -of Colonel Walpole to join Major-General Loftus at _Gorey_, arrived -at a place where the road was low and narrow, with high clay banks on -each side crowded with bushes, and beyond them deep trenches, where -they were attacked by an ambush of rebels of overwhelming numbers. -The cavalry, by repeated charges to the front and right, endeavoured -to extricate themselves, but their utmost efforts could not avail -against the immense numbers by which they were opposed; and after -an unequal fight of an hour's duration, in which their commanding -officer, Colonel Walpole, and many men and horses were killed, -they were forced to retire, covered by the militia, and had the -mortification of losing three guns. About the same date 15,000 rebels -took Wexford, and in the beginning of June made an attack upon New -Ross, but were repulsed.[19] Enraged at this failure, they murdered, -at the instigation of their priests, 241 Protestant prisoners -in cold blood, and evinced, in this act, a ferocious cruelty not -exceeded by the savage barbarians of the most uncultivated part of -the world. - -On the 4th of June Captain Sir Richard Steel engaged, with his -troop of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, a body of rebels posted at -_Ovidstown_, and the insurgents fought for some time with bravery, -but were eventually dispersed with great slaughter. The troop had one -serjeant, two rank and file, and three horses killed; with nine men -and a number of horses wounded. Captain Sir Richard Steel had his -horse killed under him, and was himself severely wounded. - -About the same period a body of rebels attacked the first, or -Colonel's, troop of this regiment, at _Goff's Bridge_, when the -Dragoon Guards repulsed the furious onsets of their reckless -opponents with signal gallantry, and drove back the insurgents with -loss. - -Part of the regiment afterwards proceeded to _Arklow_, in the -neighbourhood of which place the rebels were in great force. On the -morning of the 9th of June, 30,000 insurgents advanced to attack -the town with three guns and such a multitude of pikemen, that they -appeared like a moving forest. Thrice they attacked the town, headed -by their priests in clerical vestments, and evinced astonishing -intrepidity; but were unable to make any impression on the steady -valour of the King's troops, though they had an advantage in numbers -of twenty to one. The celebrated Father Murphy was cut in two by a -cannon-ball while in the act of heading one of the attacks, waving -a green flag, and shouting "Liberty or death." The contest was -continued until evening; and the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS and Fifth -Dragoons repeatedly charged, and in every instance routed the rebels -with immense loss. The Fencible regiment of Ancient Britons also -distinguished itself, and its Colonel, Sir W. Williams Wynne, was -overpowered, and a rebel was in the act of piking him, when Corporal -James M'Connel, of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, rushed forward to his -aid, and slew the rebel. Captain William Smith also distinguished -himself at the head of his troop of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS in a -particular manner. About eight o'clock in the evening the rebels -retreated, leaving the ground literally covered with slain, their -loss being estimated at between 6000 and 7000 men. - -After repulsing the enemy at Arklow, dispositions were made for -a combined attack of the King's forces on the rebels' stronghold -at _Vinegar Hill_,[20] in the neighbourhood of Enniscorthy; and -the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS marched to the scene of conflict -under the orders of Major-General Wilford. The design of the -Commander-in-Chief was to surround the post; and with this view -15,000 men, with artillery in proportion, advanced by four different -routes. The _first_ division commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir -David Dundas; the _second_ under Major-Generals Sir James Duff and -Loftus; the _third_ under Major-General Needham; and the _fourth_ -under Major-Generals Johnson and Ross: the last was to attack the -town of Enniscorthy, situate at the base of the hill, and to drive -the rebels from thence. The troops having arrived at their stations -(excepting Major-General Needham's division), the attack commenced -about seven o'clock on the morning of the 21st of June, with a sharp -cannonade. The rebels sustained the fire of the artillery and troops -for nearly two hours, when they gave way and fled through the space -which should have been occupied by the third division (hence called -Needham's gap) in the greatest confusion towards Wexford; the cavalry -galloped forward in pursuit, and made a dreadful slaughter among the -fugitives. In their haste to escape from the sabres and bayonets of -the King's troops, the rebels left behind them their cannon (fourteen -pieces), with an immense quantity of plunder collected from the -neighbouring towns and gentlemen's houses; also a number of muskets, -pistols, and swords, and a great quantity of pikes, scythes, and -other implements of destruction. The loss of the FOURTH DRAGOON -GUARDS was, four men killed, and ten wounded; besides a number of -horses killed and wounded. After the action the regiment proceeded to -its former quarters at Maryborough and Mount Mellick, where it was -kept in constant readiness for further operations; and detachments -were employed on various services. - -The remains of the rebel army continued to make an unavailing -resistance, and endeavoured to force the passes which separate -the counties of Wexford and Carlow. On one occasion, a party of -the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS and a small body of the Wexford militia -disputed the passage of the river Barrow at _Gore's Bridge_, against -an overwhelming force of rebels; after displaying much intrepidity -and heroism, and losing many men in killed and wounded, the soldiers -were overpowered, and 27 taken prisoners: 7 of the captives were -supposed to be Orangemen, and were instantly shot, and their -fellow-soldiers were forced to be their executioners. - -In July, the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS marched, under the command of -Colonel Thewles (accompanied by Major-General Sir James Duff), to -attack, in conjunction with other troops, a considerable body of -rebels who had taken post at _Kildare_. On the advance of the King's -forces, the insurgents, after a short resistance, set the town on -fire and retired to a position on the curragh of Kildare. Here they -were attacked, overpowered, and routed by the cavalry, with a loss -of 250 killed and many wounded. Previous to the termination of this -sanguinary affair, Lieutenant-General Sir David Dundas arrived with -a body of troops, to whom the surviving rebels surrendered,--the -General having authority to give protection to such of the insurgents -as should lay down their arms and return to their allegiance. - -From this period the rebellion may be considered suppressed; some -of the most obstinate of the rebels, however, continued in a body -and committed many enormities; and the French endeavoured to revive -the conflict by sending General Humbert, with upwards of 1000 -men, all desperate characters, who landed at Killala on the 22nd -of August. The FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS were immediately ordered to -march for Connaught, but the French having been made prisoners, the -order was countermanded, and the regiment returned to its quarters -at Maryborough. Thus was this unnatural contest terminated; but -the repeated atrocities of the Catholics led to equally frightful -retaliations, and the sanguinary hatred engendered by religious -antipathy and a thirst for revenge produced a fearful catalogue of -crime after the rebels were subdued. The loss of the insurgents -during this rebellion has been estimated at 50,000 men, and that of -the royalists at 19,000 men. - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -Scarcely were the troubles in Ireland terminated and the country -restored to tranquillity, when the regiment received orders to hold -itself in readiness for foreign service, and, having marched to -Dublin, it there received a draught of men and horses from the 6th -Dragoon Guards. - -Embarking from Dublin in August, 1799, it landed at Liverpool, from -whence it proceeded by forced marches to Northampton, expecting to -form part of the Anglo-Russian army, destined to attempt to rescue -Holland from the power of France; but the Dutch not seconding the -efforts made for their deliverance, the troops were withdrawn, -and the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS continued at Northampton during the -remainder of that year. - -During the summer the regiment received orders to cut the horses' -tails, which had been worn of the natural length since 1764, and the -operation occasioned the loss of several valuable horses, which died -of locked-jaw. - -[Sidenote: 1800] - -In the beginning of the following year the establishment was -augmented to ten troops, and the total numbers to 850 officers and -men. In February the regiment marched from Northampton for Scotland, -and on its arrival occupied Hamilton barracks; in the autumn it -proceeded to Edinburgh, where it remained nearly two years. - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -After the conclusion of the peace of Amiens with the French -government, the establishment of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS was -reduced to eight troops, and the total numbers to 550 officers -and soldiers and 500 troop horses. In August, 1802, the regiment -proceeded to Ireland, and, having landed at Donaghadee, it occupied -Belturbet, Longford, and Enniskillen. This year the length of the -skirts of the men's coats was reduced, and the blue half-lappels -discontinued. - -[Sidenote: 1803] - -The peace, ratified in 1802, did not long 'diffuse its blessings -o'er the land.' The First Consul of France, Napoleon Bonaparte, soon -found opportunities to violate the conditions of a treaty which he -never intended should be permanent,--merely wishing to have the army -of Great Britain disbanded or reduced to a peace establishment, -to further his hostile views against the country; and he ventured -to make preparations to invade England. Happily his designs were -frustrated; the spirit and energy of the British people were soon -roused; an extraordinary feeling of patriotism pervaded the whole -country,--the regular army was augmented,--the militia called -out,--the yeomanry and volunteers enrolled,--and in a few months -a force of 500,000 men was prepared for any emergency. Bonaparte's -threat of invasion soon evaporated, his proud spirit quailed before -such a mighty preparation, and he feared to attempt the shores of -Britain with his legions. The establishment of the FOURTH DRAGOON -GUARDS was augmented on this occasion to 670 officers and soldiers. - -After a service of sixty years the veteran General, George Warde, -died (11th March, 1803) in the 78th year of his age, and was -succeeded in the Colonelcy of the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS by -Major-General Miles Staveley, whose regiment, the 28th, or Duke of -York's own Light Dragoons, had been disbanded a few months previously -to this period. - -In April of this year (1803) the regiment marched to Longford and -adjacent towns; and the efficiency of the corps was increased by the -addition of three Captains to the establishment, which released the -Field Officers from the charge of troops. - -On the 16th December Captain Charles Dodgson, who commanded the troop -at Philipstown, went in search of an outlaw, for whose apprehension -the government had offered a large reward: arriving at the ruins of -an old castle, where the rebel had established himself, the captain -summoned him to surrender: he refused, and instantly fired at the -captain, and so severely wounded him as to occasion his death in a -few moments. This murder caused a great feeling of regret in the -regiment, by which Captain Dodgson was much beloved. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -In the spring of the following year it marched to Dublin, and -embarked for England; and, after landing at Liverpool, marched to -Exeter, Truro, Totness, and Honiton; and in December, 44 men and 80 -horses were added to the establishment. - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -The regiment quitted Devonshire and Cornwall in the spring of 1805, -for Kent, and was assembled at Canterbury in May. On the 23rd of -August it was inspected by His Royal Highness the Duke of York, -and was honoured with his royal approbation of the appearance and -discipline of the regiment. It was also inspected, on the 4th of -October, by its Colonel, Major-General Staveley, who expressed great -satisfaction at its condition. During its stay at Canterbury its -establishment was augmented to 769 men and 769 troop horses. - -In September of this year a regulation was established in the -regiment, for each man to pay 1_s._ per month, and the sums thus -produced to be invested in the public funds, and to be designated -_St. Patrick's Fund_. From this fund every soldier, after a continued -contribution for twelve years or upwards, was to receive, on his -discharge, either the whole amount of his subscription, or a yearly -pension, according to a fixed scale. Great advantages have accrued -to the men of the regiment from this excellent institution. There -are now (1838) 36 pensioners upon the fund, and the highest upon the -list receives 6_l._ 1_s._ 6_d._ annually, after twenty-seven years' -contribution. The stock amounts to 3350_l._ reduced 3 per cent. -annuities. - -[Sidenote: 1806] - -The regiment quitted Canterbury in December, on route for Scotland; -and in February, 1806, was established in quarters at Piershill -barracks, Edinburgh, with Hamilton and Glasgow; but it was recalled -to England in a few weeks afterwards, and occupied Manchester, -Liverpool, and Chester. - -On the 8th of August two troops were inspected at Liverpool by His -Royal Highness the Duke of Gloucester, accompanied by the Duke of -Clarence (afterwards King William IV.); their Royal Highnesses also -saw the whole regiment at Manchester on the 25th of September, and -expressed their approbation of its appearance and discipline in the -most flattering terms.[21] - -While the regiment was stationed in Lancashire its establishment was -augmented to ten troops; and the total numbers to 904 officers and -soldiers, and 854 troop horses. - -[Sidenote: 1807] - -The regiment was reviewed on the 9th of June, 1807, at Manchester, -by Major-General Fisher; and in the following month two troops -marched to Nottingham: in the autumn the regiment occupied quarters -at Birmingham (head-quarters), Nottingham, Coventry, Manchester, -Liverpool, Chester, and Warrington. - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -In the summer of the following year great excitement prevailed in -the manufacturing towns in Lancashire and the adjoining counties; -and in May a serious riot took place at _Manchester_, in consequence -of a bill, fixing the minimum of wages, having been rejected by -parliament: so great was the violence of the rioters, that the -FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS and militia were obliged to use violent means, -and unfortunately eight men were killed and several wounded. This -severity did not, however, prevent another body of weavers assembling -on the 1st of June, and committing many acts of violence and outrage; -and the cavalry was again obliged to act. The weavers of other towns -were equally outrageous; and at Rochdale they attacked and burnt the -prison, and were only prevented committing further mischief by the -arrival of a troop of the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS from Manchester. - -The disturbed state of the manufacturing towns, and the numerous -calls of the civil authorities for the aid of a military force, -occasioned much harassing duty to the regiment throughout the summer, -and these services were rendered particularly painful to the troops, -from the necessity of frequently using coercive measures to restrain -the lawless violence of the people. - -In November Major-General Pigott inspected the regiment at -Birmingham, and expressed himself gratified at finding it so -effective after the severe duties on which it had been employed. - -[Sidenote: 1809] - -During this year the men's hair, which had been worn long and tied -behind with a queue, was ordered to be cut short; and in 1809 the -use of powder to the hair was abolished. An order was also received -for the appointment of troop serjeant-majors in the place of troop -quartermasters, when vacancies occurred. A reduction of one hundred -horses was also made to the establishment in 1808, and again in 1809. - -[Sidenote: 1810] - -Numerous changes of quarters took place during the year 1809, and the -spring of 1810, and in the summer of the latter year the regiment -occupied York, Leeds, Sheffield, Newcastle, Beverley, &c. &c. -During the autumn and early part of the winter of this year (1810) -four troops (A. B. C. and D.) were employed under Major Ross in -suppressing the riotous conduct of the workmen in the coal-districts -in the counties of _Northumberland_ and _Durham_, which, after -much difficulty and painful service, was happily effected to the -satisfaction of the coal-owners, who presented the regiment with a -handsome SILVER VASE, with the following inscription:-- - - 'PRESENTED to the Mess of the FOURTH ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS, by - the COAL-OWNERS on the rivers Tyne and Wear, as a mark of grateful - respect for services performed by a part of that corps, called out - in aid of the civil power, in suppressing a riotous combination of - their workmen in the year 1810.' - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -In November, 1810, and again in May, 1811, the regiment was inspected -by Major-General Vyse, who passed very high encomiums on its -appearance and discipline. In June following it marched to Radipole -barracks, where it received orders, on the 5th of July, for six -troops to be held in readiness to proceed on foreign service, to -join the army commanded by General the Earl of Wellington, which was -fighting against the legions of Bonaparte in Portugal and Spain; -and the establishment was augmented to 800 troop horses. The six -troops, amounting to 550 men, and 534 horses, under the command of -Lieutenant-Colonel Sherlock, embarked at Plymouth on the 24th of -July, and, having a quick voyage, landed at Lisbon, the capital of -Portugal, on the 4th of August. - -The allied army under the command of Lord Wellington was, at this -period, on the frontiers of Spain, and the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, -after halting three weeks at the royal barracks at Belem to refresh -the horses, received orders to march up the country and join -Major-General Le Merchant's brigade of heavy cavalry. Leaving Belem -on the 1st of September, the regiment proceeded by Villa Franca and -Santarem, to Abrantes--a romantic-looking town situate on the summit -of a lofty precipice on the right bank of the Tagus. - -After occupying Abrantes and the adjacent villages a few days, the -regiment resumed its march, and proceeded by Niza, and Villa Velha, -to Castello Branco, where it was reviewed by Lord Wellington, who -expressed his entire approbation of the appearance and discipline of -the corps, and of the excellent quality and condition of the horses, -and ordered twenty of the lightest to be transferred to the regiments -of light dragoons. In October the regiment marched to Bismula, -subsequently to Fundão, and from thence to Santa Combadão, and after -the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo was raised, it proceeded into quarters -for the winter at Fundão. - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -When the siege of _Ciudad Rodrigo_ was resumed, the regiment moved -forward and formed part of the force employed in covering the -operation; and whilst engaged in this service a scarcity of forage -was so severely experienced, that the condition of the horses was -much deteriorated. After the capture of this fortress by storm on -the 19th of January, 1812, some changes took place in the cavalry -brigades, and this regiment was removed to Major-General Slade's -brigade, which consisted of the Third and FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS and -First Royal Dragoons. This brigade marched to Santa Combadão and -adjacent villages; and subsequently proceeded to the Alentego to join -the southern army, and cover the siege of the important fortress -of _Badajoz_. Marshal Soult advanced with a strong French corps to -relieve the town; but it was taken by storm (6th April) before his -arrival. He then retired, leaving a strong rear-guard at _Llerena_, -towards which place the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and other cavalry -corps, advanced; and the French troops at this place were attacked -and defeated on the 11th of April, by the British cavalry. - -The brigade, of which the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS formed part, was -afterwards attached to the army of the south under the command -of Lieut.-General Sir Rowland Hill, and was employed in all the -operations and movements performed by that body of troops. - -After the important victory gained by the main army under Lord -Wellington, on the 22nd of July, at Salamanca, the army of the -south advanced upon Madrid, in which city the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS -were stationed for several days; at the same time Lord Wellington -was engaged in the siege of Burgos. A powerful French army under -General Clausel having advanced to raise the siege, while another -army under Marshal Soult, and a third under Joseph Bonaparte (who -had been elevated by his brother to the throne of Spain), were -advancing upon Madrid, Lord Wellington found himself unable to -cope with the combined forces thus assembled to attack him, and he -commenced retreating upon Salamanca. At the same time Sir Rowland -Hill's corps withdrew from its forward position, and after a long -and toilsome retreat the whole army was concentrated near Salamanca. -The French afterwards crossed the Tormes at Alba de Tormes, and Lord -Wellington retreated across the Agueda and entered Portugal. During -this movement the troops suffered severely from the inclemency of -the weather and the want of provision: the rain fell in torrents -almost the whole of the time; and the bad condition of the roads, -added to the scanty supply of forage, was particularly injurious to -the cavalry, and occasioned the death of many horses of the FOURTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, and other corps. The regiment was ordered into -quarters at Zarga Maior; from whence it marched, towards the end of -December, into cantonments at Brozas. - -Several alterations were this year made in the clothing and -appointments of the regiment: the men's coats were altered to short -coatees, with blue collar and cuffs, and white bar lace with a -blue cord across the breast; the cocked hat and white feather were -discontinued, and a brass helmet, having the crest surmounted with -long black horse-hair, was adopted. The horse appointments were -changed from black to brown leather; the leather saddle-bags to a -cloth valise; and sabretaches were introduced. - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -Strenuous exertions were made during the winter to render the -regiment particularly efficient for the ensuing campaign: men, -horses, clothing, and appointments, arrived from England, and the -corps was brought into the most perfect condition for the field; -when an order was given for four regiments of cavalry to transfer -their horses to the other corps and proceed to England; and to -the extreme regret of the officers and men, who panted for an -opportunity to distinguish themselves in action with the enemy, the -FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS was one of the regiments ordered to return -home,--the other three were the 9th, 11th, and 13th Light Dragoons. -The commanding-officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Sherlock, used his utmost -endeavours to have the order rescinded, and to obtain permission for -the regiment to remain on foreign service, but without avail; and the -only ST. PATRICK'S DAY the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS ever hailed -with sorrowful feelings was the one which brought the order for the -surrender of their horses to other corps, and for their ceasing to -form part of the army under Lord Wellington's command. - -Having transferred 220 horses to the First Royal Dragoons, and -110 to the Third Dragoon Guards, the dismounted men proceeded to -Lisbon, where they embarked for Portsmouth, and after their arrival -marched to Hilsea barracks. On the 3rd of June they re-embarked at -Portsmouth, and proceeded by sea to Hull, and from thence to York, -where the four depôt troops and heavy baggage joined under the -command of Major Ogilvie, from Canterbury. - -During the period the regiment was serving in Portugal and Spain, it -sustained, from change of climate, sickness, fatigue, privation, and -other causes arising out of the arduous duties in which it had been -employed, a loss of 239 men, and 445 horses. - -While on foreign service a schoolmaster-serjeant was added to the -corps, and that excellent institution, the regimental school, was -established under the auspices of His Royal Highness the Duke of -York, whose kind care and attention to the interests and welfare of -the soldiers on numerous occasions renders the memory of His Royal -Highness dear to every individual of the British army. - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -In October of this year (1813) the regiment was inspected at York -by Major-General Cheney, who expressed great satisfaction at its -appearance. In the following spring it occupied quarters at York, -Sheffield, Newcastle, and Durham; from whence it marched, in May, in -divisions for Edinburgh, and was there inspected by Major-General Sir -Granby Calcraft on the 29th and 30th of that month: one squadron was -afterwards stationed at Haddington. - -In the meantime the legions of Bonaparte had not only been driven out -of Spain, but he had also lost that immense accession of territory -which had been acquired by the armies of France since the revolution; -and even the capital of their country had fallen into the hands -of the allied powers, who had removed the tyrant of Europe, the -perfidious Emperor Napoleon, from his throne, and sent him into -exile, and had restored the Bourbon dynasty. Thus tranquillity -was restored in Christendom under circumstances which warranted -the anticipation of a long period of peace and prosperity to the -nations of Europe. The strength of the British army was consequently -diminished, and the establishment of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS was -reduced to eight troops, and the total to 545 men and 453 horses. - -Soon after this reduction had been made in its numbers, the regiment -was ordered to proceed to Ireland; it embarked at Port Patrick in -the middle of August, and after landing at Donaghadee, it occupied -Belturbet, Longford, Enniskillen, Sligo and Mullingar. - -Lieut.-General Miles Staveley, who had held the Colonelcy of the -regiment upwards of eleven years, died in September, 1814; and was -succeeded by Lieut.-General Sir Henry Fane, G.C.B., by commission -dated the 3rd of the following month. - -A slight alteration was this year made in the uniform: the bars of -white lace across the breast were discontinued, and two broad stripes -of white lace with a blue worm were placed down the front of the -coat and upon the cuffs; the jacked-leather boots were also replaced -by others of a lighter description called Hessian boots;--the white -plush breeches, by white web pantaloons; and a blue and white girdle -(or sash) was adopted for the men. - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -The anticipations of a lengthened peace vanished in the spring -of 1815, and the long-wished for repose of Europe was disturbed -by Bonaparte, who violated the conditions of his treaties and -engagements, quitted the island of Elba, and once more trod the soil -of France. His former associates in war flocked to his banner; his -advance was rapid and decisive; Louis XVIII. was forced to vacate -his newly-acquired throne and fly to the Netherlands; and the edicts -of Napoleon were again issued from the Tuilleries. He was now singly -opposed to nearly the whole of Europe; and, with the hardihood of -desperation, he braved the resentment of the united powers. The -ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS were not fortunate enough to be again -called on foreign service: but, every power in Christendom increasing -the strength of its armies, the establishment of this regiment was -augmented ten men per troop, and subsequently a further addition of -48 men and 128 horses was made to its numbers. - -The battle of Waterloo disposed of Bonaparte and his legions, and -a few days of contest sufficed to re-establish the tranquillity of -Europe. The peace then restored has continued, with the exception of -commotions in particular kingdoms, to shed its benign influence over -Christendom for a longer period than on any former occasion during -the two preceding centuries; and knowledge, refinement, arts, and -manufactures have advanced to a state beyond that to which they ever -previously attained. - -The head-quarters of the regiment were removed from Belturbet to -Tullamore in April, 1815; and various changes took place in the -stations of the detached troops[22]. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -The peace of Europe having been re-established, the strength of the -regular army was reduced, and in August, 1816, the numbers of the -FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS were decreased to 493 men and 333 horses. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -In February, 1817, the head-quarters of the regiment were removed to -Dublin, and detachments were stationed at Tullamore, Longford, Kavan, -Philipstown, and five other places. - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -The regiment assembled at Dublin in June, 1818, and having embarked -for England, landed at Bristol in the early part of July, and -occupied Radipole barracks, with two troops at Bristol, and one at -Taunton; and furnished a strong detachment on revenue duty on the -coast. In the autumn the head-quarters were removed to Nottingham, -and the detached troops occupied Northampton and Leicester. The -regiment was inspected at this station by Major-General Bolton, in -October; and again in May of the following year. In December, 1818, -the establishment was reduced to 405 men and 273 horses. - -[Sidenote: 1819] - -A change of quarters took place in June and July, 1819, and the -regiment was stationed at York, Sheffield, Leeds, and Huddersfield. -In the middle of August five troops were employed in suppressing -riots at Leeds; and in September one troop proceeded to Durham, in -consequence of some commotions among the people of that city. - -A further alteration was made in the uniform this year: the coats -were made with long skirts, with four bars of white lace with a blue -worm upon the sleeves, two bars on each side of the collar; and four -bars, two rows in each bar, across the breast. The colour of the -cloth overalls was changed to blue-grey, with a blue stripe down -the outside of the leg. The officers wore aiguillettes on the right -shoulder, and a stripe of silver lace on their overalls. - -[Sidenote: 1820] - -The decease of His Majesty King George III. having taken place on -the 29th of January, 1820, on the 31st of that month the troops of -the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS at head-quarters attended the Lord Mayor, -corporation, and societies of the city of York in solemn procession, -while making proclamation of the accession of King George IV.; and on -the 8th of February, 1820, they marched in procession at 8 o'clock, -P.M., in funeral order to York minster, where a solemn dirge and -funeral service was performed on the death of King George III. - -On the 11th of April three troops marched from York to assist the -civil power in suppressing some serious disturbances which had -occurred in the neighbourhood of Wakefield. A collision afterwards -took place with the rioters near Sheffield, when one sergeant, one -private, and two horses were wounded with pikes, many of which were -found in possession of the people. - -[Sidenote: 1821] - -Another change of quarters took place in August of this year, and the -regiment was stationed at Newcastle upon Tyne, Carlisle, Penrith, -and Whitehaven; and in October it was inspected by Major-General Sir -Andrew Barnard, at Newcastle. In March, 1821, it marched to Scotland, -and was stationed at Piershill barracks, Edinburgh, Greenock, Irvine, -and Ayr. On the 6th of June it was inspected by Major-General Sir -Thomas Bradford; and, in August, the establishment was reduced to -six troops. Previous to this date the troops were classed according -to the colour of the horses, and the regiment consisted of two black -troops, two brown, two bay, one bright bay, and one chestnut; when -this reduction was ordered, the horses of one of the black troops, -and of the chestnut troop, were transferred to the others; the -horses thus became mixed, and they have since been trooped without -reference to colour. The reduced establishment was 27 officers, 24 -serjeants, 18 corporals, 6 trumpeters, 6 farriers, 281 privates and -253 troop horses. In September the regiment was again inspected by -Major-General Sir Thomas Bradford; and in a few days afterwards -the head-quarters were removed to Glasgow, where five troops were -stationed, and one troop was quartered at Hamilton. - -[Sidenote: 1822] - -On the 10th of June, 1822, Major-General Sir Thomas Bradford again -inspected the regiment, and expressed in strong terms his approbation -of its appearance and discipline on this and the former occasion when -he had seen the corps. - -In July the regiment marched to Port Patrick, where it embarked for -Ireland; and after landing at Donaghadee, the head-quarters were -established at Dundalk, and detachments were stationed at Belturbet, -Monaghan, Enniskillen, &c.: on the 23rd of October it was inspected -by Major-General Egerton. An alteration was this year made in the -shape of the helmet; and a large bear-skin crest was adopted. - -[Sidenote: 1823] - -The regiment marched from the northern district in June, 1823, -for Dublin, where it was reviewed on the 12th of that month by -Major-General Sir Colquhoun Grant, by whom its appearance and -discipline were commended. In a few days after this review it was -removed to Newbridge, and was again inspected by the same officer in -November following. - -[Sidenote: 1824] - -[Sidenote: 1825] - -In June, 1824, the regiment marched to the royal barracks at Dublin, -where it was inspected by Major-General Sir Colquhoun Grant on the -12th of July; and again on the 14th of May, 1825. In June it marched -to Cahir, Limerick, Clogheen, and New Ross; and on the 20th of -October it was inspected by Major-General Sir Charles Doyle. - -[Sidenote: 1826] - -From these quarters the regiment was withdrawn in March, 1826, and -proceeding to Dublin, was there once more inspected by Sir Colquhoun -Grant, and afterwards embarked for Liverpool, where it landed on the -29th of March. On the 31st it marched for Coventry, Birmingham, and -Abergavenny; and in July was inspected by Major-General Sir Hussey -Vivian. - -In consequence of serious riots having taken place at Dudley and -Wolverhampton, two troops marched to these places in the beginning of -August. Serious disturbances also occurred at Lichfield during the -election in the early part of September, and much mischief would have -been done, but was prevented by the timely arrival of a troop of the -FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS from Birmingham. The troops were obliged to -act against the people on several occasions, and a few persons were -wounded. - -[Sidenote: 1827] - -On the 8th of January, 1827, this regiment, in common with the other -corps of the army, testified, by articles of mourning, the general -grief on account of the death of His Royal Highness the Duke of York, -the Commander-in-Chief of the army. The decease of His Royal Highness -occurred on the 7th of January, and the whole army had to deplore -the loss of a Prince who had justly obtained the appellation of "The -Soldiers' friend." He was succeeded in the command of the army by the -Duke of Wellington. - -After the decease of Lieutenant-General Cartwright, -Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Fane, G.C.B., was removed to the First -Dragoon Guards, and was succeeded in the Colonelcy of the FOURTH -ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS by Lieutenant-General Sir George Anson, -G.C.B., by commission dated the 27th of February, 1827. - -In April of this year the regiment marched to Dorchester, and -occupied also Christchurch, Trowbridge, and Dursley; and was -inspected on the 29th of April by Major-General Sir Hussey Vivian. - -In consequence of the Dorchester barracks requiring repairs, two -troops and the head-quarters marched to Weymouth on the 1st of June. -On the 12th of July, Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Clarence -(afterwards Queen Adelaide) arrived at Weymouth, and the FOURTH -DRAGOON GUARDS had the honour of escorting Her Royal Highness into -the town, and of mounting a guard of honour where she alighted. Her -Royal Highness left Weymouth on the following day with a similar -escort. The regiment had also the honour of furnishing an escort for, -and of receiving, the Duke of Clarence (afterwards King William IV.) -when His Royal Highness passed through Dorchester. - -On the 20th of August the regiment was again inspected by -Major-General Sir Hussey Vivian; and in October the head-quarters -returned to Dorchester. In December, it furnished an escort and a -guard of honour for His Royal Highness Don Miguel of Portugal on his -visiting Dorchester. - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -The lace across the breast of the coats was this year discontinued, -the coats were made to button in front without lace, and the skirts -lengthened: four bars of lace were worn on the sleeve, and the facing -was directed to be a blue velvet. The officers were ordered to wear -two silver epaulettes and an aiguillette; and the men brass scales on -the shoulders. At the same time the men's girdles were discontinued, -but the officers continued to wear a crimson and gold sash with long -pendent tassels. In the following spring the colour of the overalls -was changed to dark blue, with a broad stripe of silver lace for the -officers, and of white lace for the men. A blue great coat was also -introduced for the officers; and horse furniture[23] of dark blue -cloth with a double row of broad silver lace, with the King's cypher, -crown, and the star of St. Patrick on each corner: and a black -bearskin flounce. - -Sir Hussey Vivian inspected the regiment on the 13th of April, and -repeated the expressions of approbation he had invariably used on -former occasions, of its appearance and discipline. In May its -quarters were changed to Exeter and Topsham barracks, with one troop -at Dursley, and Sir Hussey Vivian made the autumnal half-yearly -inspection on the 25th of August. During the summer the regiment had -again the honour of furnishing travelling escorts for the Duchess of -Clarence; and in September for Her Majesty the Queen of Portugal. - -Gauntlet gloves were originally part of the equipment of every -cavalry soldier; but were replaced by short gloves in the early part -of the reign of George III.; and in December of this year the short -leather gloves were laid aside and gauntlets again adopted. - -[Sidenote: 1829] - -[Sidenote: 1830] - -The regiment marched from its quarters in Devonshire and -Gloucestershire in April, 1829, for the north of England, and -occupied York, with detached troops at Beverley and Newcastle upon -Tyne. In September, Sir Hussey Vivian again inspected the regiment; -and in April, 1830, it marched for Scotland, and occupied quarters at -Piershill barracks, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Perth. It was inspected -on the 31st of May by Major-General Sir Robert O'Callaghan, K.C.B.; -and on the 26th of June it was formed, with the remainder of the -garrison, at the mound of Edinburgh Castle and fired a _feu-de-joie_, -in consequence of the accession of His Majesty King William IV. to -the throne. - -Soon after His Majesty's accession orders were given for all the -army, excepting the Royal Horse Guards, to wear _scarlet_; also for -all the regular forces to wear _gold_ lace and embroidery, and the -militia silver. The lace and embroidery of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, -which had been silver from the period of its formation, were at this -period changed to GOLD. - -On the 27th of October the regiment was inspected by Major-General -the Honourable Patrick Stewart, who expressed himself in terms of -approbation of its appearance and discipline. - -[Sidenote: 1831] - -In April and May of the following year the troops performed several -marches and much extra duty in consequence of the riotous conduct of -the people at the elections. Escorts were required for the voters, -and so violent were the rioters, that one man was killed by a brick -while proceeding to vote in charge of a party of the military. Many -of the soldiers were knocked off their horses with stones, and others -had their helmets broken; yet such was the exemplary patience and -forbearance of the soldiers of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, under -these painful and trying circumstances, that not a single civilian -was hurt by them during the whole period. During the riots at Ayr -the prisoners in the gaol rose against the turnkeys, whom they -overpowered; but a few men of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS arriving, -they dismounted, entered the gaol with loaded carbines, secured the -prisoners before they could effect their escape, and restored order. - -The usual half-yearly inspection was made by Major-General Hon. -Patrick Stuart on the 16th of June; and on the 8th of September the -regiment, with the garrison at Edinburgh, assembled and fired a -_feu-de-joie_, on the occasion of the coronation of King William IV. -and Queen Adelaide. - -A change of quarters took place towards the end of September, and the -regiment was stationed at Glasgow, Hamilton, and Haddington. It was -inspected by Major-General Sir Charles Dalbiac, K.C.H., on the 29th -of September; and its present commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel -James Charles Chatterton was appointed to the regiment on the 9th of -December, in succession to Lieut.-Colonel Ross, who exchanged to the -half-pay. - -[Sidenote: 1832] - -In March, 1832, one troop of the regiment marched to Paisley to aid -the civil power in suppressing the riots which had occurred in that -town. On the 4th of April, the half-yearly inspection was made by -Major-General the Honourable Patrick Stewart, and the regiment being -on the eve of its departure for Ireland, the Major-General issued the -following order. - - '_Glasgow, April, 1832._ - - 'GENERAL ORDER. - - 'On the departure of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS for Ireland, - Major-General Stewart takes the opportunity of expressing to - the regiment the great satisfaction its conduct has given him - during the period of upwards of a year and a half that it has - been under his command, and during that time frequently under - very trying circumstances, when upon all occasions it has evinced - that steadiness, temper, and coolness, the certain results of - the high state of discipline which the regiment has so eminently - maintained. - - 'The Major-General requests that Lieutenant-Colonel Chatterton, - the officers and men of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, will accept - his best wishes for their future prosperity and welfare. - - 'By Order of the Major-General, - 'P. EDWARDS, Major and A.D.C.' - -The regiment embarked at Glasgow in steam-vessels for Belfast, and, -after landing, occupied quarters at Dundalk, Belturbet, Ballyshannon, -and Monaghan. On the 11th of May Major-General Macdonell made the -usual half-yearly inspection. - -During the summer and autumn of this year, the election riots, and -other disturbances which occurred in Ireland, occasioned the regiment -much harassing duty, detachments being almost constantly on the march -to aid the civil power. - -On the 20th of September Lieut.-General Sir Hussey Vivian inspected -the regiment, and complimented the officers and men very highly -on their appearance after the harassing duties they had lately -performed. On the 7th of October the regiment was again inspected by -Major-General Macdonell. - -Ireland continued in a disturbed state, and during the autumn and -winter the regiment was employed in most fatiguing and painful -services. In one month the regiment furnished fifty-one parties to -assist the civil power in making tithe-collections, quelling riots at -fairs, dispersing illegal meetings, or suppressing election riots; -and each of these parties was under the command of one or more -officers. - -[Sidenote: 1833] - -In the spring of 1833 the head-quarters were removed to Cahir, and -the regiment occupied also Limerick, Clonmell, and Carrick-on-Suir; -and on the 16th of April Lieut.-Colonel Chatterton had the -satisfaction to receive a letter from Major-General Macdonell, -expressing 'his perfect approbation of the exemplary and excellent -conduct of the regiment during its service in the northern district.' - -The half-yearly inspection was made by Major-General Sir James -Douglas in the beginning of June. In September a squadron was -employed in suppressing the riots at Cahir races, where two violent -parties attacked each other, and the Dragoon Guards separated the -combatants; but unfortunately several lives had been lost, and many -of the peasantry dangerously wounded. - -On the departure of the Marquis of Anglesey from Ireland the -following order was issued. - - '_Adjutant-General's Office_, - '_26th September, 1833_. - - 'GENERAL ORDER. - - 'Lieut.-General Sir Hussey Vivian has the greatest satisfaction - in publishing to the troops in Ireland the accompanying - expression of the Lord Lieutenant's approbation of their conduct - and services, on the occasion of his Excellency's departure from - this country. - - 'THE LORD LIEUTENANT cannot quit these shores without reiterating - to the army of Ireland the high sense he entertains of its - admirable and truly soldier-like conduct. - - 'To the Lieut.-General commanding the forces he need hardly - express his approbation and esteem, a feeling won for him by - forty years' knowledge of his excellent qualities as a soldier - and a man. - - 'Of the zeal, intelligence, and assiduity of the general - officers and staff of the army he cannot speak in terms of too - high praise. He desires that the officers, non-commissioned - officers, and soldiers, as well of the army now present, as of - those corps which have served here during the government of the - Lord Lieutenant, will be assured he feels he cannot too highly - appreciate and applaud their excellent conduct. - - 'Their patience, firmness, and forbearance (under circumstances - that it may reasonably be hoped will never occur again), while - they have salutarily supported the administration of the laws, - have, with their mild demeanour, won the approbation and applause - of all parties. - - (Signed) 'ANGLESEY. - '_Phœnix Park, 25th September, 1833._ - 'By command of the Lieut.-General Commanding, - 'GEORGE D'AGUILAR, D.A.G.' - -Major-General Sir James Douglas inspected the regiment on the 11th of -October. - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -On the 27th of April, 1834, the following gratifying address was -presented to Lieut.-Colonel Chatterton, K.H., and the assembled -Officers of the regiment, by James Archer Butler, Esq., attended by -a large deputation of the gentlemen of the town and neighbourhood of -Cahir. - - 'At a meeting of the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood - of CAHIR, held at Cahir Castle Hotel on the 27th of April, 1834; - James Archer Butler, Esq., in the Chair, the following address to - Lieut.-Colonel Chatterton, K.H., the officers, non-commissioned - officers, and privates of the FOURTH ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS, - was unanimously agreed to. - - 'Whilst we consider your departure from Cahir barracks with - unfeigned regret, permit us to express our high admiration of the - gentlemanly and soldier-like conduct of every officer in your - gallant corps. Of the non-commissioned officers and privates we - feel the utmost pleasure in bearing testimony to their orderly - conduct, evidently the result of inclination as well as of the - high state of discipline, and the good feeling which so happily - subsisted between them and the inhabitants of every class during - their stay in these quarters. - - 'When we recollect the unexampled exertion of yourself and the - officers to promote the amusement and good fellowship of this - neighbourhood (which it fell to the lot of most of us to enjoy), - it is but natural that your removal should cause pain and sorrow; - but we have the consoling hope that events may occur to cause - your speedy return to these barracks. - - 'In taking leave of you, Lieut.-Colonel Chatterton, the officers, - non-commissioned officers, and men of the truly distinguished - FOURTH ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS, we wish you, in the sincerity - of our hearts, every happiness and prosperity. - - (Signed) - 'JAMES ARCHER BUTLER, Chairman. - '_To Lieut.-Colonel Chatterton, K.H., - &c. &c. &c._' - -The regiment marched from Cahir and the out-stations on the 28th and -29th of April, and proceeded to Cork, where the head-quarters were -established with detached parties at Ballincorrig and Buttevant; and -on the 4th of May a communication was received from Major-General Sir -James Douglas, K.C.B., expressing his 'perfect satisfaction at the -conduct and high state of discipline of the regiment whilst under his -orders in the South-western district.' - -On the 23rd and 24th of May, the regiment was inspected by -Major-General Sir Thomas Arbuthnot, K.C.B., and again, by the same -officer, on the 22nd of October; also by Lieut.-General Sir Hussey -Vivian, K.C.B., on the 3rd of the latter month. - -The lawless resistance of the peasantry to the collection of tithes -gave rise to additional duty during the autumn and winter of this -year; and their violent conduct brought on collisions, which had -the painful result of producing loss of life. Several persons were -wounded at Ballincorrig on the 18th of December. On the 20th a large -and tumultuous assembly of the peasantry at Gortroe, near Rathcormac, -showed much obstinacy and lawless violence, attacking the military -with sticks and stones, and were fired upon, when ten were killed and -several wounded. The greatest excitement prevailed, and the military -were obliged to assemble again on the 21st of December, and for -several days afterwards. - -This year a new-pattern brass helmet with bear skin crest was -adopted, and the trumpeters' clothing was directed to be Scarlet, -distinguished by lace. - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -The elections which took place in January, 1835, occasioned the -regiment much extra duty and many harassing marches; and its conduct, -with that of the other regiments in Ireland, elicited the following -communications. - - 'DISTRICT MEMORANDUM. - - '_Adjutant-General's Office_, - '_Cork, 30th January, 1835_. - - 'The Major-General is most happy to notify to the commandants - of corps, that it appears from communications which he has - received from the magistrates of this district, that the conduct - of the detachments called out in aid of the civil power during - the late elections, was, without exception, _remarkably good_. - That the troops, to their praise be it said, never entered into - party spirit on one side or the other, and that they never were - employed except to protect the voters, and acting under the - magistrates for the preservation of the peace. - - (Signed) 'CHARLES TURNER, - 'Asst. Adjutant General.' - - - '_Adjutant-General's Office_, - '_Dublin, 30th January, 1835_. - - 'GENERAL ORDER. - - 'Lieut.-General Sir Hussey Vivian experiences the greatest - gratification in communicating to the troops serving in - Ireland the subjoined letter, received from His Excellency the - Lord-Lieutenant, expressive of His Excellency's approbation of - their conduct during the late elections. - - 'To a testimony so valuable, and emanating from so high a - quarter, the Lieut.-General feels that any addition on his - part must be quite unnecessary; but he cannot refuse himself - the satisfaction of uniting with it his own individual - acknowledgments to the general officers and men serving under his - orders, and of congratulating them on the possession of a tribute - so honourable to themselves, and so calculated to confirm their - zeal in the service of their King and Country.' - - 'By command of the Lieut.-General commanding, - (Signed) 'G. D'AGUILAR, D.A.G.' - - - '_Dublin, 30th January, 1835._ - - 'Sir,--The elections being now over, and the service on which - so many of the troops under your command have been for some - weeks past engaged being now nearly at an end, I feel myself - called upon to express to you the high sense I entertain of the - admirable conduct of both officers and men, while employed in the - performance of a duty in its very nature harassing and unpleasant. - - 'According to all the reports which have been under my - cognizance, nothing could have exceeded their coolness, patience, - and forbearance. - - 'Their presence in aid of the police and civil power (whose - conduct is also above all praise) generally insured the peace, - where, but for their the few occasions on which they were called - upon to act, they did so, strictly, in self-defence, and not till - they had been themselves assailed, and in many instances severely - injured. - - 'I have to beg you will convey to them my best acknowledgments, - and the assurance that I will, without loss of time, lay before - His Majesty their claims to His Royal approbation. - - 'I cannot conclude this letter without offering you my best - thanks for the readiness with which you have attended to every - call made upon you, for your judicious arrangements of the force - under your command, and for the zeal, promptitude, and ability by - which your conduct has been distinguished. - - 'The same thanks are due to the general commanding the garrison - of Dublin, and to the general and superior officers in the - different military divisions, for the able manner in which their - duty was performed, whether in giving orders upon the spot when - called upon by the civil power for protection, or in obeying the - orders they received from head-quarters. - - 'I am, &c., - (Signed) 'HADDINGTON. - - '_To Lieut.-General the Right Honourable_ - '_Sir Hussey Vivian, &c. &c. &c._' - -The regiment having completed three years' service in Ireland, -embarked at Cork on board of steam-vessels in May, 1835, for -Bristol, from whence it marched to Brighton, with detached troops -at Canterbury, Chichester, and Horsham; and relieved the Grenadier -Guards in the duty at the Royal Pavilion. - -In July the regiment was inspected by Major-General Sir Charles -Dalbiac, who expressed himself much pleased with its steadiness -and discipline; and on the 10th of August it was inspected by -Lieut.-General Lord Hill, the General Commanding-in-Chief, who was -pleased to direct Lieut.-Colonel Chatterton to issue an order, -stating that 'the appearance of the men and horses, and the -discipline and interior economy of the regiment were such as to -merit his fullest approbation; and that the squadron he had lately -inspected at Canterbury was also in the most perfect order.' - -A riotous assemblage of people having taken place at Steyning in -opposition to the poor-laws, one troop marched thither on the 11th -of September, and its timely arrival rescued the magistrates and -relieving officer from a situation of very great danger. A troop also -marched to Horsham for a similar purpose on the 15th of September; -and another troop from Canterbury to Bath on the 20th of October. - -The Colonel of the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS Lieut.-General Sir George -Anson, G.C.B., inspected the regiment on the 26th of October, and -directed the following paragraph to be inserted in the orderly books. - -'Lieut.-General Sir George Anson has the greatest satisfaction in -expressing his entire approbation of the general appearance of his -regiment, and of the zeal and attention manifested by all ranks to -good order and discipline.' - -Their Majesties King William IV. and Queen Adelaide having arrived at -the Royal Pavilion, the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS had the honour of being -on the King's duty for the first time since the reign of William -III. His Majesty heard the records of the regiment read in the early -part of November, and expressed great interest and gratification at -hearing their contents. - -In December a detachment of the regiment was employed in aiding the -civil power at Horsham; and a letter of thanks was received from the -Duke of Richmond and magistrates assembled at that town, 'for the -conduct of the detachment of the regiment there when called upon to -assist the civil power, as well as for their excellent behaviour -since quartered in that town.' - -[Sidenote: 1836] - -On the 17th of December Colonel Lord Frederic Fitz-Clarence, with -a number of noblemen and general officers from the Pavilion, saw -the regiment; and on the 27th of January, 1836, it was inspected -by His Serene Highness Prince Ernest of Hesse Phillipstal, who was -pleased to say to Lieutenant-Colonel Chatterton--'I have heard from -every quarter the greatest praise of your regiment, but what I have -seen has surpassed my utmost expectation, and I shall not fail to -mention to His Majesty the pleasure I have experienced in seeing so -fine a corps.' His Majesty was afterwards pleased to express his -royal satisfaction at what Prince Ernest had reported; and also his -approbation, and that of the Queen, at the excellent performance of -the band at all times when playing at the Pavilion; and at the good -conduct of the regiment during their Majesties' sojourn at Brighton. - -A change of quarters took place in May, and the regiment was -stationed at Dorchester, Trowbridge, and Weymouth, and was inspected -on the 11th and 12th of July by Major-General Sir Charles Dalbiac. - -[Sidenote: 1837] - -During the following summer the regiment marched for Manchester, and -was stationed at Hulme barracks; and on the 29th of May took part -in a grand procession and spectacle at Manchester in honour of His -Majesty's birth-day. - -The decease of King William IV. having taken place on the 20th of -June, the FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS, 48th regiment, and artillery, took -part in a grand procession on the 23rd of that month, at Manchester, -on the occasion of the proclamation of the accession of HER MAJESTY -QUEEN VICTORIA to the throne. On the following day the regiment -assumed the usual mourning for His late Majesty. - -In July the regiment marched out of Manchester, during the election, -and on two or three occasions the troops were called upon to assist -the civil power at Salford, and also at Prescot; and on the 26th of -July a subaltern and 20 men marched to Bury on a similar duty. On the -9th of August the regiment returned to Hulme barracks, and on the -10th and 11th was inspected by Major-General Sir Charles Dalbiac. - -After the termination of the elections the following communication -from Lord John Russell to the general commanding-in-chief was -communicated to the regiment by Major-General Sir Richard Jackson. - - 'My Lord, - - 'I have received the Queen's commands to signify to your Lordship - Her Majesty's entire approval of the conduct of the military - employed during the elections in England and Wales, where their - assistance has been called for by the magistrates for the - preservation of the public peace; and to desire your Lordship - will communicate to the military, whose services have been so - required, Her Majesty's gracious approval of their conduct.' - -On the 4th of October Major-General Sir Richard Jackson, K.C.B., -inspected the regiment. In December detachments were employed in -supporting the civil power at Halifax and Bradford against persons -resisting the poor-laws. - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -The regiment took part, with the royal artillery, 98th foot, and -magistrates, clergy, &c., in a solemn procession in honour of Her -Majesty's birth-day at Manchester on the 17th of May. During the -following month it marched to the vicinity of London, and was -quartered at Islington and Clerkenwell; and on the 28th of June -two squadrons occupied stations near Westminster Abbey during the -ceremonial of Her Majesty's coronation. - -On the 8th of July the regiment took the Queen's Guard at the Horse -Guards; and on the following day furnished two squadrons to keep the -ground in Hyde Park during the time the Household Cavalry Brigade, -Tenth Royal Hussars, Twelfth Royal Lancers, three troops of Royal -Horse Artillery, three batteries of Field Artillery, four battalions -of Foot Guards, and two battalions of the Rifle Brigade, commanded by -General the Marquis of Anglesea, K.G. and G.C.B., were reviewed by -Her Majesty. A letter was afterwards received from Lieutenant-General -Sir Willoughby Gordon, G.C.B., Quartermaster-General, expressive -of his 'perfect satisfaction at the very attentive and soldierlike -conduct of, and the great assistance afforded by, the detachment of -the regiment, whilst keeping the ground in Hyde Park.' - -After the review, the regiment marched to Ipswich and Norwich, where -it was inspected by Major-General Sir Charles Dalbiac, K.C.H., on -the 23rd of July: the regiment had not been stationed in the county -of Suffolk since the year 1688. - -Her Majesty Queen Victoria was graciously pleased to approve of this -regiment bearing on its standards and appointments the _Harp_ and -_Crown_, in addition to the _Star_ of the most illustrious _Order of -St. Patrick_, with the motto _Quis separabit?_ as a national badge -connected with its title of "ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS." - -On the 24th September a detachment of the regiment marched from -Norwich to Stanfield Hall, where its presence was required to -assist the civil power in securing some persons who were illegally -assembled, and who bade defiance to the magistrates. After some -resistance the rioters were secured, and eighty-four of them -lodged in Norwich Jail. The Magistrates transmitted to the General -Commanding in Chief a letter, explanatory of the circumstances -which had occasioned them to call for the aid of the troops, and -expressive of their thanks for the promptitude with which assistance -was granted, as well as for the steadiness and good conduct of the -detachment, and for the valuable aid afforded by the officers and -soldiers. - -The Fourth Dragoon Guards, under a well-regulated system of -discipline and the direction of intelligent officers, in whom the -men have confidence, have evinced their usefulness to the country by -their firm and temperate conduct on home duty, as well as by their -bravery in the field when called upon to combat a foreign enemy. -Instances frequently occur, in which the magistrates call for the -aid of the military, without whose co-operation the civil police -would sometimes be unequal to repress and control the violence of -a lawless mob. On these occasions, the conduct of the troops has -been such as to draw forth the commendations and thanks of the civil -authorities, which have been communicated to the General Commanding -in Chief, and by his authority signified in orders to the troops -who have been so employed, and whose conduct has merited such -commendations. - -[Illustration: - - _Madeley, lith. 3, Wellington St. Strand._ - _J. Spence det._ - -FOURTH, or ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS.] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[7] Captain Charles Nedby commanded a troop in the Duke of Monmouth's -regiment of horse, which was raised in 1678, in the expectation of -a war with France, and was disbanded in the following year. In 1680 -he raised an independent troop of horse for service at Tangier in -Africa, and proceeding thither immediately, distinguished himself -in an action with the Moors, on 27th of September, 1680. In 1683 -the four troops of Tangier horse were constituted, together with -two troops raised in England, the Royal Regiment of Dragoons. -Captain Nedby continued in the Royal Dragoons until June, 1685, -when he raised a troop of horse for the Queen's Regiment, now 1st -Dragoon Guards; and in July of the same year he was appointed -Lieutenant-Colonel of the EARL OF ARRAN'S Regiment. - -[8] According to the estimates of this period, the following sums -were usually paid for the clothing of the horse:-- - - £ _s._ _d._ - Scarlet coats 3 10 0 - Corporal's ditto 4 10 0 - Red cloaks, lined 2 5 0 - Hats edged with lace 0 15 0 - Sword and belts 1 0 0 - Carbine belts 0 7 0 - Cloth waistcoats 0 1 5 - Buff gloves 0 7 6 - Horse furniture,--viz.: housing } - and holster-caps, embroidered } 1 5 0 - Jacked boots 1 6 0 - Cartouch boxes 0 2 6 - -Each Captain clothed his own trumpeter, and the Colonel the -kettle-drummer. - -[9] The Fifth Horse were embodied in July, 1685, under the command -of the Earl of Thanet, who was succeeded, on the 24th of October of -the same year, by Major-General Werden. This officer commanded the -regiment until December, 1688, when Lord Deloraine was appointed to -the command; his Lordship was succeeded in the following year by -Colonel Francis Russell, who commanded it until it was disbanded. - -[10] Lord Mountjoy was a warm-hearted Irish nobleman, devoted -to the Protestant interest. At the Revolution he was desirous -of having Ireland delivered into the hands of King William; the -Lord-Lieutenant, Earl Tyrconnel, appeared to acquiesce, and sent Lord -Mountjoy to France to obtain the sanction of King James, who confined -him in the Bastile, where he remained until 1692, when he was -exchanged for General Richard Hamilton. He arrived from France a few -days before the battle of Steenkirk, and though holding no military -rank, he served with this regiment as a volunteer, and was killed as -above stated. - -[11] The Princess Anne's regiment was formed of independent troops -of horse raised in June, 1685, and the Colonelcy conferred on the -Earl of Scarsdale, who was succeeded, on the 1st of December, 1687, -by Charles, Duke of St. Alban's. This regiment was remarkable for -being one of the first corps which joined the Prince of Orange in -November, 1688; having been conducted to His Highness's quarters -by the Lieutenant-Colonel, Thomas Langston, who was immediately -promoted to the Colonelcy of the regiment, and his brother, Captain -Francis Langston, of the Royal Dragoons, was promoted to the -Lieutenant-Colonelcy. Colonel Thomas Langston died of a fever at -Lisburn, in Ireland, in December, 1689, and the Colonelcy of the -regiment was conferred on his brother Francis. This regiment served -at the battles of the Boyne and Aghrim in Ireland, and at Steenkirk -in the Netherlands; but having lost many men and horses, the -remainder were transferred to other corps, and the regiment was taken -off the establishment of the army in the autumn of 1692. The officers -served _en seconde_ until vacancies occurred in other regiments. - -[12] When the regimental record was read to King William IV. in -November, 1835, at the Royal Pavilion, Brighton, His Majesty -observed--'I was often at the house where the peace of Ryswick was -signed. It was then the property of the Earl of Athlone, but now -belongs to the Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, sister to her Majesty the -Queen.' - -[13] Official Records in Ireland. - -[14] While the regiment was on Dublin duty the following curious -order was received. - - '_Dublin, 31st January, 1764._ - -'Lieutenant-General Fowkes recommends to the officers of the garrison -that they would not play at the castle whilst on duty; and that the -officers of the Horse Guards will avoid mixing with the ladies in the -drawing-room, on account of the inconveniency of spurs to the ladies' -hoop petticoats. - - (Signed) 'D. GRANT, Captain 52nd Reg., - for the Major of Brigade.' - -[15] It has been stated that the troop-horses' tails were first -docked in 1698; but the practice did not become general until ten -years afterwards. - -[16] See the Royal Warrant of the 19th December, 1768. - -[17] Previous to reviews at this period a set of movements were -fixed on by the Lord-Lieutenant, and ordered to be performed -in his presence; the movements of the First Horse on this -occasion were:--Salute--march past by squadrons--ditto by -fours--dismount--manual exercise--march past by divisions--ditto by -files--mount--cavalry evolutions--form line to the right twice--wheel -to the right about--form line to the left twice--wheel to the left -about--form two columns by quarter ranks from the centre of each -squadron--double up to half-ranks--form squadrons--file from the -right of fours--form squadrons--file from the left of fours--form -squadrons--by fours to the right about--file from the right of -fours--form to the rear--by fours to the right about--form four -squadrons--wheel the line--charge--retreat by files from the -right--form to the front--form two lines opposite, by squadrons -wheeling outwards--charge through the intervals--form two columns to -the rear by each line wheeling by squadrons inwards--squadrons wheel -to the front--form two squadrons--advance--form six squadrons--form -two columns on the centre squadrons--form line--charge--retreat by -three squadrons, the three others supporting--move to the right -to gain a flank--form and charge--form two squadrons--centre -troops advance and pursue--retire and form in the rear of their -own squadrons--charge--take ground to both flanks and rear by -fours--charge--retreat by fours--form line--advance--halt--general -salute. - -[18] - - '_Adjutant-General's Office, 19th April, 1788._ - -'Dear Sir, - -'Having had the honour of laying yesterday before His Majesty your -request that the FOURTH REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS, late the _First -Regiment of Horse_, under your command, might bear the title of ROYAL -IRISH REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS, I have the pleasure to acquaint -you that His Majesty has been graciously pleased to grant his royal -permission for the same. - - 'I am, &c. - 'WILLIAM FAWCETT, _Adjutant-General_. - - 'Lieut.-General George Warde, - Colonel of the Fourth Regt. - of Dragoon Guards.' - -[19] In this attack Lord Mountjoy was killed. He was the second -nobleman of that name who fell while serving with this Regiment. See -the account of the battle of Steenkirk, in 1692, page 12. - -[20] This eminence had been the scene of the most infamous and -inhuman proceedings. Here the hapless Protestants seized by the -rebels were taken and maliciously butchered, after a mock trial, and -often no trial at all: some were shot, others transfixed with pikes, -and many were barbarously tortured before their final execution. -It appears, from unquestionable authority, that upwards of 500 -Protestants were murdered on this fatal hill; and the priests were -the instigators of these horrid religious massacres. - -[21] When this part of the record was read to King William IV. at -the Royal Pavilion, Brighton, on the 9th day of November, 1835, -His Majesty observed:--'I recollect perfectly well inspecting the -squadron at Liverpool with the Duke of Gloucester, and I think -_they were the finest men and horses I ever saw_. In a short time -afterwards we went to see the regiment at Manchester, and were -equally pleased with the whole. It is a long time ago now, but the -circumstance is fresh in my memory.' His Majesty directed Colonel -Chatterton to make a note of this in the record. - -[22] During this year, 1815, the white web pantaloons and Hessian -boots, were replaced by dark-coloured cloth overalls and short boots. - -[23] Horse furniture was originally used by both officers and men of -the regiment, but it was discontinued in the early part of the reign -of George III. - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF THE - -FOURTH, OR ROYAL IRISH REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS. - - -JAMES EARL OF ARRAN. - -_Appointed 28th of July, 1685._ - -THE EARL OF ARRAN was the eldest son of Lord William Douglas, a -faithful supporter of the royal cause during the rebellion, who -was created Earl of Selkirk by King Charles I. in 1646, and having -married Anne Duchess of Hamilton, only surviving daughter of James -first Duke of Hamilton, was, in consequence of a petition from the -Duchess, created DUKE OF HAMILTON for life by King Charles II. - -Shortly after the restoration the EARL OF ARRAN obtained an -appointment in the household of King Charles II.,[24] and after -remaining some time at court, he was sent with a congratulatory -communication to the French Monarch, and served two campaigns with -the French army in the capacity of aide-de-camp to Louis XIV. In -1685, when the Earl of Argyle raised the standard of rebellion -in Scotland, the EARL OF ARRAN took an active part against the -insurgents: he also raised a troop of horse for the service of -King James II., who appointed him Colonel of the SIXTH REGIMENT OF -HORSE, now FOURTH, OR ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS. He was nominated -a Knight Companion of the Thistle, on the revival of that Order -in 1687, and in the following year he was promoted to the rank of -Brigadier-General, and appointed Colonel of the Royal Regiment of -Horse Guards. At the Revolution his conduct was remarkable for -the unshaken fidelity which he evinced to his sovereign under all -circumstances. When he could no longer serve the King in a military -capacity, he performed his duty as gentleman of the bed-chamber, and -attended His Majesty from the time of his departure from London to -the moment of his embarkation at Rochester; and at the meeting of the -Scottish nobility and gentry in London, in January, 1689, at which -the duke, his father, presided, he expressed himself in reply to -the request of the Prince of Orange for advice:--'The surest way to -heal the breach is to address His Majesty to return from France, and -call a free parliament. I can distinguish between his popery and his -person: I dislike the one; but I have sworn, and do owe, allegiance -to the other.' He had previously been removed from his regiment by -the Prince of Orange. - -During the hostilities which followed the accession of William and -Mary, the EARL OF ARRAN did not appear in arms in favour of King -James; but he was suspected of corresponding with the court of -France, and was twice committed a prisoner to the Tower of London: -he was, however, discharged without being brought to trial. After -the decease of his father the dukedom of Hamilton reverted to his -mother, in whom it was hereditary; but she resigned that honour in -favour of his lordship, who was created DUKE OF HAMILTON, by patent, -dated the 10th of August, 1698. His grace adhered, privately, to the -interest of King James and the Pretender, until his decease, which -was tragical, being killed in a duel with Lord Mohun, who was also -slain at the same time in Hyde Park, on the 15th of November, 1712. - - -CHARLES EARL OF SELKIRK. - -_Appointed 20th November, 1688._ - -LORD CHARLES HAMILTON, third son of William Duke of Hamilton, entered -the Life Guards in the year 1686, and obtained the appointment of -Guidon and Major in the fourth troop. He was advanced to the peerage -by the title of EARL OF SELKIRK, on his father's resignation of that -honour, in October, 1688; and adhering to King James II. at the -Revolution, was promoted to the Colonelcy of the SIXTH HORSE, in -succession to his brother the Earl of Arran; but was removed from -his regiment by the Prince of Orange, in December of the same year. -The EARL OF SELKIRK subsequently entered warmly into the protestant -interest, and held civil appointments under the crown in the reigns -of William III., George I., and George II.; and died on the 13th of -March, 1739. - - -CHARLES GODFREY. - -_Appointed 31st December, 1688._ - -When the army was augmented in 1678, in the expectation of a war with -France, CHARLES GODFREY, Esq., obtained a commission in the Duke of -Monmouth's Regiment of Horse, which was disbanded in the following -year. He appears not to have held any military appointment from that -period until the revolution in 1688, when, being a strenuous advocate -of the protestant cause, he obtained, through the interest of John -Lord Churchill, the Colonelcy of the SIXTH HORSE.[25] After the Earl -of Marlborough had been sent prisoner to the Tower of London, on a -charge of treason, Colonel Godfrey was removed from his command; and -he did not afterwards serve in a military capacity. He was many -years Master of the Jewel House, and a Member of Parliament in the -reign of Queen Anne; and died in 1715. - - -FRANCIS LANGSTON. - -_Appointed 7th March, 1693._ - -This officer served under his brother, Captain Thomas Langston, who -commanded a troop of horse at Tangier in Africa, and signalized -himself against the Moors. When the troops of Tangier Horse were -constituted Royal Dragoons, in 1683, FRANCIS LANGSTON obtained a -commission in that corps, and he served in the Royal Regiment of -Dragoons until December, 1688, when the Prince of Orange promoted -him to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Eighth, or Princess Anne's -Regiment of Horse, of which his brother was appointed Colonel. He -proceeded with his regiment to Ireland in the same year; and his -brother Thomas dying in that country, he was appointed to succeed -him in the Colonelcy of the Eighth Horse. He served at the head of -his regiment at the battles of the Boyne and Aghrim, and in numerous -skirmishes, until the final reduction of Ireland under the dominion -of William III. His services were immediately afterwards transferred -to the Netherlands; and his regiment having suffered severely, from -having been long exposed to a furious cannonade at the battle of -Steenkirk, it was disbanded, and Colonel Langston was appointed to -the command of the FIFTH HORSE, now FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS. At the -battle of _Landen_ this officer highly distinguished himself at the -head of the right squadron of his regiment, and was wounded and taken -prisoner. He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General on the 1st -of June, 1697; and proceeding, after the peace of Ryswick, with his -regiment to Ireland, he was placed on the staff of the army in that -country. - -During the wars in the reign of Queen Anne this officer was not -employed on foreign service, but was continued on the staff of -Ireland. He was promoted to the rank of Major-General on the 1st of -June, 1703, and to that of Lieutenant-General on the 1st of June, -1704. - -When the great Duke of Marlborough was removed from his military -commands, Lieutenant-General Langston appears to have been considered -too firmly devoted to the protestant cause, and to the succession of -the House of Hanover, for the new ministry to confide in him, and he -retired from the army. This veteran died on the 6th of April, 1723. - - -GEORGE JOCELYN. - -_Appointed 20th October, 1713._ - -This officer obtained the commission of Cornet in _the Queen -Dowager's_ Regiment of Horse, commanded by George Viscount Hewyt -(now Sixth Dragoon Guards) in 1689, and served at the battle of -the Boyne under King William III. On the 5th of May, 1690, he was -engaged in a gallant affair with the enemy near Castle Cuff, and -was wounded.[26] He also served at the battle of Aghrim, and siege -of Limerick; and in 1693 at the hard-contested battle of Landen. -After the peace of Ryswick he entered the corps of Life Guards, and -rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel of the Second Troop (now -Second Regiment), commanded by the Duke of Ormond. On the 29th of -May, 1706, he obtained the rank of Colonel in the army, and on the -12th of February, 1711, that of Brigadier-General. After the Duke of -Ormond was promoted to the elevated station of Captain-General of the -Forces, Brigadier-General Jocelyn obtained the Colonelcy of the FIFTH -HORSE; and when his Grace was removed from the command of the army by -King George I., this officer obtained permission to dispose of his -appointment: he died on the 9th of November, 1727. - - -SHERRINGTON DAVENPORT. - -_Appointed 9th February, 1715._ - -SHERRINGTON DAVENPORT was appointed Adjutant of the Queen Dowager's -Regiment of Horse in 1687; and after serving at the battles of the -Boyne and Aghrim, and at both sieges of Limerick, in Ireland; and -at the battle of Landen, and covering the siege of Namur in the -Netherlands, he was promoted to the Majority of the regiment on -the 13th of August, 1696. He subsequently obtained a commission -in the First Troop (now First Regiment) of Life Guards, in which -corps he obtained the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. He was appointed -Brigadier-General in 1707, and Major-General in 1710; and being -firmly devoted to the protestant interest, he was permitted, soon -after the arrival of King George I. from Hanover, to purchase the -Colonelcy of the FIFTH HORSE, which he retained until his decease on -the 2nd of July, 1719. - - -OWEN WYNNE. - -_Appointed 6th July, 1719._ - -OWEN WYNNE entered the army on the 8th of March, 1688. After the -Revolution he proceeded to Ireland, of which country he was a native, -and he was engaged with the Enniskillen men in their determined -resistance to the power of King James II. When the Enniskillen -bands were incorporated into regiments, he obtained a commission in -Wynne's (afterwards Fifth or Royal Irish) Dragoons. With this corps -he served in numerous skirmishes and engagements until after the -reduction of the whole of Ireland under the power of King William -III. He also served under the King in Flanders, and was appointed -Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment on the 20th of July, 1695. He -was promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1703, and was commissioned, -in 1705, to raise and discipline a regiment of foot, of which he -was appointed Colonel. In 1706 he was promoted to the rank of -Brigadier-General, and on the 1st of January, 1709, to that of -Major-General. His regiment of foot served the campaigns of 1710 -and 1711 under the great Duke of Marlborough, and that of 1712 -under the Duke of Ormond, and was disbanded after the conclusion -of the peace of Utrecht; but in 1715, when Jacobite principles -had become so prevalent in the nation that an insurrection was -expected, a regiment of dragoons (now the Ninth Lancers) was raised, -of which Major-General Owen Wynne was appointed Colonel; and he -was instrumental in suppressing the rebellion which broke out in -the autumn of that year in favour of the Pretender. In 1719 he was -removed to the Colonelcy of the FIFTH HORSE; and on the 10th of -March, 1726, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General. He -was removed to the Colonelcy of the Royal Irish Dragoons, in which -corps he had performed his early services, in August, 1732; and he -held the command of that regiment until his decease on the 28th of -February, 1737. - - -THOMAS PEARCE. - -_Appointed 27th September, 1732._ - -THOMAS PEARCE, choosing the profession of arms, obtained the -commission of Ensign on the 28th of February, 1689, and after serving -three campaigns in the Netherlands, he was appointed Captain of the -Grenadier company in the Second Foot Guards in October, 1694. In the -following summer he served at the siege of Namur, and was engaged -on the night of the 8th of July in storming the covered way, when, -led by his innate ardour, he advanced too far in front of his men, -and was wounded and taken prisoner. He served in the expedition to -Cadiz in 1702, and commanded the first division of Grenadiers, which -effected a landing between Rota and Fort St. Catherine. Himself and -eight men only had landed, when they were charged by a troop of -Spanish horse. The grenadiers fought manfully, slew the Spanish -commanding officer and five men, took two officers prisoners, and -forced the remainder to retreat: he afterwards summoned the Fort -of St. Catherine, which surrendered: he also commanded a party of -grenadiers at the storming of the Forts of Vigo, and was wounded. -His gallantry was rewarded, in April of the following year, with -the Colonelcy of a newly-raised regiment of foot, from which he -was removed in February, 1704, to an older corps--now the Fifth or -Northumberland Fusiliers. In 1707, he proceeded with his regiment -to Portugal; and in 1709 highly distinguished himself at the head -of a brigade of infantry at the battle of the Caya, where he was -taken prisoner. After being exchanged he was promoted to the rank -of Major-General, and returning to Portugal, commanded a brigade in -that country until the peace of Utrecht. On the 5th of March, 1727, -he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General, and in 1732 he -was removed to the FIFTH HORSE. He was a member of Parliament for -Melcombe Regis, and died in 1739. - - -JAMES LORD TYRAWLEY. - -_Appointed 26th August, 1739._ - -The HON. JAMES O'HARA was appointed Lieutenant in the Royal Regiment -of Fusiliers, commanded by his father, on the 15th of March, -1703; and in 1706 he proceeded with his regiment to the relief of -Barcelona. In the following year he served on the staff of the army -in Spain, and was wounded at the battle of Almanza, where, it is -said, he was instrumental in saving the Earl of Galway's life. He -served several years at Minorca; and in 1713 obtained the Colonelcy -of the Royal Fusiliers, in succession to his father, at whose -decease, in 1733, he succeeded to the dignity of BARON TYRAWLEY. The -rank of Brigadier-General was conferred on his lordship on the 23rd -of November, 1735; that of Major-General on the 2nd of July, 1739; -and in August of the latter year, he was removed from the Royal -Fusiliers to the FIFTH HORSE. In March, 1743, he was promoted to the -rank of Lieutenant-General; and in the following month obtained the -Colonelcy of the Second Troop of Horse Grenadier Guards, from which -he was removed, in 1745, to the Third Troop of Life Guards, which -gave him the privilege of taking the court duty of gold stick. In -1746, when King George II. had resolved to disband the Third and -Fourth Troops of Life Guards, his lordship was removed to the Tenth -Foot; he was again removed, in 1749, to the Fourteenth Dragoons; -in 1752, to the Third Dragoons; and in 1755, to the Second, or -Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards. He was appointed Governor of -Portsmouth on the 1st of May, 1759, and was promoted to the rank -of General on the 7th of March, 1761. He held the appointment -of Governor of Minorca for several years; was employed as Envoy -and Ambassador to the courts of Portugal and Russia; and died at -Twickenham on the 13th of July, 1773. - - -JOHN BROWN. - -_Appointed 1st April, 1743._ - -This officer entered the army as Cornet of horse on the 5th of -August, 1704, and served several campaigns on the continent in -the army commanded by John Duke of Marlborough. In 1735 he was -Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fourth Dragoons, from whence he was removed -to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the King's Horse (now First Dragoon -Guards); and on the 10th of May, 1742, he was appointed Colonel -of the Ninth Dragoons. On the appointment of Lieutenant-General -Lord Tyrawley to the Horse Grenadier Guards, the Colonelcy of the -FIFTH HORSE was conferred on Colonel Brown, who was promoted to the -rank of Major-General on the 26th of March, 1754, and to that of -Lieutenant-General on the 15th of January, 1758: he died in 1762. - - -JAMES JOHNSTON. - -_Appointed 3rd August, 1762._ - -JAMES JOHNSTON obtained a commission in the Royal Horse Guards, -was at the battles of Dettingen and Fontenoy, and was appointed -Major of the regiment on the 29th of November, 1750. On the 17th of -December, 1754, he was promoted to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy; and he -commanded the regiment at several engagements in Germany during the -Seven-years' war. In 1762 he obtained the Colonelcy of the FIRST -IRISH HORSE, now FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS; was appointed Major-General -on the 30th of April, 1770; and on the 27th of April, 1775, was -removed to the Colonelcy of the 11th Dragoons. He was promoted to -the rank of Lieutenant-General on the 29th of August, 1777; and -was removed to the Scots Greys on the 4th of February, 1785, the -Colonelcy of which regiment he retained until his decease on the 24th -of December, 1795. - - -JAMES JOHNSTON. - -_Appointed 27th April, 1775._ - -This officer was cousin to the previous Colonel of the same name. -He obtained the commission of Cornet in the Thirteenth Dragoons on -the 5th of October, 1736, and was removed to the Royal Dragoons in -1739, in which corps he rose to the rank of Major, and was promoted -to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Thirteenth Dragoons on the 2nd -of December, 1754. In April, 1759, he was reappointed to the First -Royal Dragoons, and proceeding in command of the regiment to Germany, -served in the battles and skirmishes of that and the two succeeding -campaigns under Ferdinand Duke of Brunswick. He particularly -distinguished himself at the battle of Warbourg, and was wounded -at the battle of Campen. In 1762 he was promoted to the local rank -of Major-General in Germany; and he commanded a brigade of cavalry -during the campaign of that year. He was distinguished alike for -the sterner military virtues,--for a gentlemanly deportment,--and -an amiable disposition, which procured him the esteem of all ranks; -and on the breaking up of the army on the continent he received -a flattering mark of the approbation of the hereditary Prince of -Brunswick,[27]--namely, a valuable gold snuff-box, embellished with -highly-chased military trophies, accompanied by an autograph letter, -of which the following is a copy:-- - - "Munden, ce 17 de Nov. 1762. - - "Monsieur, - - "Vous m'obligerez sensiblement, en acceptant la babiole que je - joins ici comme une marque de l'estime, et de la consideration - parfaite que je vous porte, et comme un souvenir d'un ami qui - jamais ne finèra d'etre. - - "Monsieur, - "Votre très humble et très devoué serviteur, - "CHARLES, Pr. Her. de B." - - "A Monsieur - "Le Col. Johnston." - -He was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the island of Minorca in -1763, and was promoted to the rank of Major-General in 1770. In -the following year this meritorious officer was rewarded with the -Colonelcy of the Ninth Dragoons; in 1774 he was constituted Governor -of Quebec; and in 1775 he obtained the Colonelcy of the FIRST IRISH -HORSE (now FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS). Two years afterwards he was -promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General; in 1778 he was removed -from the FIRST IRISH HORSE to the Sixth Enniskillen Dragoons; and was -further promoted to the rank of General in 1793: he is stated to have -been one of the most celebrated swordsmen of his time. The decease of -this distinguished veteran occurred on the 13th of December, 1797, at -Hampton, from whence he was removed with great state for interment in -Westminster Abbey on the 21st of that month. - - -GEORGE WARDE. - -_Appointed 1st April, 1778._ - -GEORGE WARDE entered the army in the reign of George II.; -was appointed Captain in the Eleventh Dragoons in 1748, and -Major of the same corps in June, 1756. In 1758 he obtained the -Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Fourth Dragoons, at the head of which -corps he served many years, and brought it into so high a state of -discipline, that, whenever King George III. reviewed the corps, -he expressed his approbation of its excellent condition in the -strongest terms. He was promoted to the rank of Colonel in the army -in 1772, and in the succeeding year he obtained the Colonelcy of the -Fourteenth Dragoons. The rank of Major-General was conferred on this -officer in 1777; he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the FIRST IRISH -HORSE (now FOURTH DRAGOON GUARDS) in the following year; and was -advanced to the rank of Lieutenant-General in 1782. In 1792 he was -appointed Commander-in-Chief in Ireland, and while in that country -he devoted much of his time to the bringing of his regiment,--the -FOURTH ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS,--into a most perfect condition -for active service. He possessed the soundest ideas of what cavalry -ought to be; he had an aversion to slow movements, and although -nearly seventy years of age, he exercised his regiment five times a -week,--often leading it across the country over hedge and ditch, to -the astonishment of every one. He was promoted to the rank of General -in 1796, and died on the 11th of March, 1803. He was celebrated -for philanthropy, and was represented by historians as a man 'of -inviolable, disinterested integrity, public and private; and the -bestower of benefactions scarcely less secret than extensive.' - - -MILES STAVELEY. - -_Appointed 12th March, 1803._ - -MILES STAVELEY obtained a Cornetcy in the Royal Horse Guards in -January, 1759, and served with that regiment a period of forty -years. His first essay in arms was during the Seven-years' war in -Germany, where he served under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. He -also served in Flanders under his Royal Highness the Duke of York; -and was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Royal -Horse Guards on the 31st of December, 1794. During the following -year he was promoted to the rank of Colonel in the army, and in 1798 -to that of Major-General. In 1799 he obtained the Colonelcy of the -Twenty-eighth, or Duke of York's own Regiment of Light Dragoons, -which was disbanded at the peace of Amiens in 1802. In the following -year he obtained the command of the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS; was -subsequently promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General; and died in -September, 1814. - - -SIR HENRY FANE, G.C.B. - -_Appointed 3rd October, 1814._ - -GENERAL SIR HENRY FANE commenced his military career as Cornet -in the Sixth Dragoon Guards in 1792; in 1794 he was appointed -Captain-Lieutenant in the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS, with which -corps he served ten years, and took an active part in Ireland -during the rebellion in 1798. He was promoted to the rank of -Lieutenant-Colonel in the regiment in 1797, and was removed to the -First Dragoon Guards in 1804. In 1808 he proceeded with the army to -Portugal, commanded a brigade at the battle of Roleia on the 17th of -August, and at Vimiera on the 21st of that month. He also commanded a -brigade under Sir John Moore in Spain, and was engaged at the battle -of Corunna. Returning to Portugal, he commanded a brigade at the -battle of Talavera on the 27th and 28th of July, 1809; was promoted -to the rank of Major-General on the 25th of July, 1810; commanded -a brigade at the battle of Vittoria on the 21st of June, 1813, and -at the battle of Orthes on the 27th of February, 1814; and these -distinguished services have been rewarded with the Grand Cross of the -Military Order of the Bath, and an honorary Cross with one clasp. He -obtained the Colonelcy of the ROYAL IRISH DRAGOON GUARDS in October, -1814; was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General on the 12th of -August, 1819; and was removed to the King's Dragoon Guards in 1827. -On the 30th of January, 1835, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief in -the East Indies, with the local rank of General; in which rank he was -included in the brevet promotion on the 10th of January, 1837. - - -SIR GEORGE ANSON, G.C.B. - -_Appointed 24th February, 1827._ - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[24] The Earl of Arran had not been long at court before an affair of -gallantry involved him in a quarrel with Lord Mordaunt (afterwards -the celebrated Earl of Peterborough), which produced a meeting in -Greenwich Park, when, after firing their pistols without effect, they -engaged with swords; Lord Mordaunt was wounded in the groin, and the -Earl of Arran in the thigh, when the former accidentally broke his -sword, which terminated the contest. - -[25] CHARLES GODFREY, Esq., was brother-in-law to John Lord Churchill -(afterwards Duke of Marlborough), having married Miss Arabella -Churchill, mistress of King James II., and mother of James Duke of -Berwick, one of the most successful and distinguished generals of -his age, who rose to the rank of Marshal of France, and obtained a -dukedom in Spain, and another in France. - -[26] A detailed account of this action is given in the Record of the -6th Dragoon Guards; and also in the Record of the Fifth Foot. - -[27] His Highness was afterwards reigning Duke of Brunswick. He -married the Princess Augusta, sister to King George III.; and died of -wounds received at the battle of Jena in 1808. - - - - - LONDON: - Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and Sons, - Stamford Street. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}. For example, und^r or - 19^{th}. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, - bearskin, bear skin, bear-skin; cannon-ball, cannon ball; tragical. - - Pg 6, 'Lievtenant vi^s' replaced by 'Lieutenant vi^s'. - Pg 11, 'SIXTH Horse obtained' replaced by 'SIXTH HORSE obtained'. - Pg 23, the emblem "I" over "H" displayed as 'I/H' (twice). - Pg 27, 'Phoenix Park on the 22nd' replaced by 'Phœnix Park on the 22nd'. - Pg 54, 'valice' replaced by 'valise'. - Pg 55, 'mean time the legions' replaced by 'meantime the legions'. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Record of the Fourth, or -Royal Irish Regiment of Dragoon Gua, by Richard Cannon - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE *** - -***** This file should be named 51376-0.txt or 51376-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/1/3/7/51376/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by the Library of Congress) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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