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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+status under the laws that apply to them.
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #51598 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/51598)
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-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mentor: Shakespeare's Country, Vol. 4,
-Num. 8, Serial No. 108, June 1, 1916, by William Winter
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: The Mentor: Shakespeare's Country, Vol. 4, Num. 8, Serial No. 108, June 1, 1916
-
-Author: William Winter
-
-Release Date: March 29, 2016 [EBook #51598]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MENTOR: SHAKESPEARE'S COUNTRY ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-                    THE MENTOR 1916.06.01, No. 108,
-                         Shakespeare’s Country
-
-                            LEARN ONE THING
-                               EVERY DAY
-
-                    JUNE 1 1916      SERIAL NO. 108
-
-                                  THE
-                                MENTOR
-
-                             SHAKESPEARE’S
-                                COUNTRY
-
-                           By WILLIAM WINTER
-                            Poet and Critic
-
-                   DEPARTMENT OF            VOLUME 4
-                   TRAVEL                   NUMBER 8
-
-                         FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY
-
-
-
-
-Stratford Impressions
-
-
-It is the everlasting glory of Stratford-upon-Avon that it was
-the birthplace of Shakespeare. Situated in the heart of beautiful
-Warwickshire, it nestles cosily in an atmosphere of tranquil
-loveliness, and it is surrounded by everything that gentle rural
-scenery can provide to soothe the mind and to nurture contentment. It
-stands upon a plain, almost in the center of England, through which,
-between low green hills that roll away on either side, the Avon flows,
-in many capricious windings, to the Severn, and so to the sea.
-
-The golden glory of the setting sun burns on the gray spire of
-Stratford church, and on the ancient graveyard below,--wherein
-the mossy stones lean this way and that, in sweet and orderly
-confusion,--and on the peaceful avenue of limes, and on the burnished
-water of silver Avon. The tall, pointed, many-colored windows of the
-church glint in the evening light. A cool, fragrant wind is stirring
-the branches and the grass. The songbirds, calling to their mates or
-sporting in the wanton pleasure of their airy life, are circling over
-the church roof or hiding in little crevices of its walls. On the
-vacant meadows across the river stretch away the long, level shadows of
-the stately elms.
-
-It is an accepted tradition in Stratford-upon-Avon that the bell of the
-Guild Chapel was tolled on the occasion of the death and also of the
-funeral of Shakespeare.
-
-    Sweet bell of Stratford, tolling slow,
-    In summer gloaming’s golden glow,
-    I hear and feel thy voice divine,
-    And all my soul responds to thine.
-
-    As now I hear thee, even so
-    My Shakespeare heard thee, long ago,
-    When lone by Avon’s pensive stream
-    He wandered in his haunted dream.
-
-From “Shakespeare’s England,” by William Winter
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: WARWICK CASTLE, WARWICK]
-
-
-
-
-Shakespeare’s Country
-
-WARWICK CASTLE
-
-Monograph Number One in The Mentor Reading Course
-
-
-No one should come abruptly upon Stratford, the home of Shakespeare, as
-Mr. Winter says. It is wiser and pleasanter to approach it gradually
-by way of Warwick and Kenilworth. Both these castles have a place in
-Shakespeare’s plays, and it is well worth while for the visitor to see
-them.
-
-Warwick is a quaint old town. Its population is about 12,000, and it
-lies on a hill rising from the river Avon. Far back in antiquity it was
-a settlement of the Britons, and, afterward, it was occupied by the
-Romans. Its present name is of Saxon origin. Many of the houses retain
-their medieval appearance; and in fact two of the old gates of the town
-are still standing.
-
-The prevailing quality of the town of Warwick is a sweet, solemn peace.
-The people live there as in a gentle dream of repose. The little rows
-of cottages breathe contentment; ivy embowers them, and roses cluster
-about their windows.
-
-The Church of St. Mary at Warwick as it now stands was rebuilt after
-a fire in 1694. The Lord Leicester Hospital was established by Robert
-Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in 1571. He founded it for the reception of
-twelve poor men. This building contains several interesting relics, one
-of which is a Saxon chair said to be a thousand years old; and another
-is a piece of needle-work by Amy Robsart, the heroine of Sir Walter
-Scott’s novel, “Kenilworth.”
-
-On a commanding position overlooking the Avon rises Warwick Castle,
-the ancient and stately home of the Earls of Warwick. This castle is
-one of the finest and most picturesque feudal residences in England.
-It probably dates from Saxon times; but the oldest part now standing
-is the tall Cæsar’s Tower, 147 feet high, which was probably built
-soon after the Norman conquest. In 1871 a great fire almost completely
-destroyed the castle; but it was restored in the old style. The most
-important event in the history of the building was its successful
-defence by the Parliamentarians during the Civil War in England.
-
-The interior of the castle contains an interesting collection of
-paintings, old armor, and other curiosities. In the Great Hall are the
-sword and some other relics of the legendary Count Guy of Warwick. His
-feats of arms in slaying terrible monsters are an important part of
-English legend. In the Great Hall also are the mace of Richard Neville,
-Earl of Warwick, who was known as “the king maker,” and the helmet
-of Oliver Cromwell. This castle is noted for its famous collection
-of pictures, among which are several by Rubens and Van Dyck. In the
-conservatory of the castle is preserved the famous Warwick vase of
-marble, which was found near Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli, in Italy, and
-is attributed to the fourth century B. C.
-
-Nathaniel Hawthorne has put into words the very feeling that comes over
-each visitor to Warwick: “We can scarcely think the scene real, so
-completely do those towers, the long line of battlements, the massive
-buttresses, the high-windowed walls, shape out our indistinct ideas of
-the antique time.”
-
-    PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION
-    ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108
-    COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: KENILWORTH CASTLE, KENILWORTH]
-
-
-
-
-Shakespeare’s Country
-
-KENILWORTH CASTLE
-
-Monograph Number Two in The Mentor Reading Course
-
-
-It was in 1575 at Kenilworth Castle that the Earl of Leicester, then a
-suitor for the hand of Queen Elizabeth, entertained her and the court
-at “excessive cost” as described in “Kenilworth,” by Sir Walter Scott.
-
-Everyone who has read the book knows that the Earl of Leicester had
-secretly married Amy Robsart, the daughter of a country gentleman, and
-at the same time was attempting to gain the favor of Elizabeth. When a
-disclosure of the truth was about to precipitate the ruin of Leicester,
-he prepared a magnificent pageant at his castle for the Queen; in
-the meanwhile his follower, Varney, was to pass himself off as Amy’s
-husband.
-
-At Kenilworth Castle, on the Queen’s first entry, “a small floating
-island illuminated by a great variety of torches … made its appearance
-upon the lake,” upon which, clad in silks, were the Lady of the Lake
-and two nymphs waiting on her. During the several days of the Queen’s
-stay “rare shews and sports were exercised.”
-
-The town of Kenilworth has a population of only about 5,000. The
-magnificent old castle is now in ruins. It was originally founded
-about 1120. In the 13th century it passed into the hands of Simon de
-Montfort. Some years later it came to John of Gaunt. Later the castle
-became royal property, and in 1562 Queen Elizabeth presented it to the
-Earl of Leicester. He spent enormous sums of money in enlarging and
-improving the building. At his death, however, it passed back into the
-possession of the Crown. When Cromwell became Ruler of England he gave
-the castle to some of his officers, who demolished the stately pile
-for the sake of its materials. After the Restoration it passed into
-the hands of the Earl of Clarendon, who still retains it. One of the
-principal parts of the building remaining is Leicester’s gatehouse, now
-occupied as a private dwelling. Then there is also the Norman Keep of
-Cæsar’s Tower. This has massive walls fifteen or sixteen feet thick.
-Merwyn’s Tower, built by John of Gaunt about 1392, may also be seen:
-the “small octangular chamber” on its second floor is the one assigned
-by Walter Scott to Amy Robsart.
-
-    PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION
-    ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108
-    COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: CHARLECOTE, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON]
-
-
-
-
-Shakespeare’s Country
-
-CHARLECOTE
-
-Monograph Number Three in The Mentor Reading Course
-
-
-The well-known tale of Shakespeare’s poaching on the preserves of
-Sir Thomas Lucy and his subsequent punishment is doubted by many
-authorities; yet this story has clung to the poet and has always been
-associated with the house of Charlecote.
-
-The legend runs that Shakespeare as a gay and heedless youth stole deer
-from the park at Charlecote. The fact of the matter is that there were
-no deer at Charlecote at the time; but there was a warren, and this
-term legally covers a preserve for other animals than hares or rabbits.
-At any rate, the young poet is said to have been called up before Sir
-Thomas Lucy, who was then sheriff, and prosecuted in 1585. There is
-added the statement that Shakespeare aggravated the offence by writing
-a silly ballad on Sir Thomas and affixing it to his gate. This gave the
-Knight great offence, and Shakespeare is said to have been driven from
-Stratford to London. The ballad, however, is probably a forgery.
-
-Shakespeare is generally supposed to have caricatured Sir Thomas Lucy
-in his portrait of Justice Shallow in the second part of “Henry IV,”
-and in the “Merry Wives of Windsor.” This may be true for, in the
-coat-of-arms of Lucy there were three “luces”; while Slender remarks
-of Robert Shallow that “the ancestors who come after him may give the
-dozen white luces in their coat.”
-
-Sir Thomas Lucy was born on April 24, 1532. Three of his ancestors had
-been sheriffs of Warwickshire and Leicestershire: and on his father’s
-death in 1552 Thomas inherited the estates of Sherborne and Hampton
-Lucy, in addition to Charlecote, which was rebuilt for him by John of
-Padua in about 1558. In 1565 he was knighted and a few years later he
-became high sheriff of the county.
-
-In 1558 Sir Thomas Lucy introduced into Parliament a bill for
-the better preservation of game and grain; this, together with
-his reputation as a preserver of game, gives some color to the
-Shakespearian tradition connected with his name. He died at Charlecote
-on July 7, 1600. The Charlecote estates eventually passed to the Rev.
-John Hammond through his marriage with Alice Lucy, and in 1789 he
-himself adopted the name of Lucy.
-
-Charlecote is still occupied by one of his descendants. It contains a
-good collection of old paintings, antique furniture, and many objects
-of Shakespearian interest. The park is now well stocked with deer.
-
-Charlecote Church, nearby, contains several monuments of the Lucy
-family, including one to the wife of Sir Thomas Lucy with a fine
-epitaph written by the Knight himself. This epitaph shows that Sheriff
-Lucy could hardly have been otherwise than kind and gentle. He may have
-been a severe magistrate and perhaps a haughty, disagreeable neighbor,
-but in those lines there is a tone of manhood and high feeling that
-wins a prompt response of sympathy. If Shakespeare stole the deer of
-Sir Thomas Lucy, he received just punishment and the Knight was not to
-blame.
-
-    PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION
-    ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108
-    COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE CHURCH AND THE RIVER, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON]
-
-
-
-
-Shakespeare’s Country
-
-THE CHURCH AND THE RIVER, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON
-
-Monograph Number Four In The Mentor Reading Course
-
-
-Historians may deny it, statisticians may disprove it, yet Stratford
-is the heart of England, and the little Avon is in a sense the most
-famous of all English rivers. It is the goal of all Shakespeare lovers.
-The poet and the river are Stratford’s two claims for distinction--but
-what place could ask for more? The Avon gives it a setting, the beauty
-of which can never entirely pass from the mind of the beholder;
-Shakespeare, the man and the poet, is to be seen and heard everywhere.
-
-Stratford-upon-Avon is a clean and well built little country town of
-about 8,000 or 9,000 inhabitants. It has wide and pleasant streets
-with numerous quaint half-timbered houses. It is a place of great
-antiquity. Stratford is mentioned in a Saxon Charter of the eighth
-century, and Roman coins have been found in the district showing that
-it was inhabited in Roman times. Later it had some importance as
-an agricultural center. In addition to this, the various trades of
-weaving, glove-making, candle-making, and soap-making were carried on;
-but now these have lost their importance, and the town owes its fame
-almost entirely to the memory of Shakespeare, born there in 1564. Over
-35,000 pilgrims annually visit Stratford.
-
-The River Avon, gently flowing among meadows and forests, is navigable
-only for small boats. At Stratford it is crossed by a stone bridge of
-fourteen arches. This was built by Sir Hugh Clopton in the reign of
-Henry VII.
-
-On the bank of the river is the Church of the Holy Trinity. It occupies
-the site of a Saxon monastery, and was probably completed in the
-fifteenth century. It was greatly restored in 1890-1892 and 1898.
-The central tower dates probably from the twelfth century. This is
-surmounted by a lofty spire.
-
-The interior of the church contains many things of interest, but
-those that attract the visitor most strongly are, of course, the ones
-connected with Shakespeare. There is his grave, and there on the wall
-above is the bust which was executed soon after his death. The stained
-glass window nearby, representing the Seven Ages, was erected with the
-contributions of American visitors. Near Shakespeare’s tomb are those
-of his wife, Anne Hathaway, of his daughter and son-in-law, and of
-Thomas Nash, the first husband of his granddaughter, Elizabeth.
-
-Shakespeare’s House, in which the poet was born in 1564, is now
-national property.
-
-The Shakespeare Memorial Building, the site for which was presented to
-the town of Stratford by Charles Edward Flower, stands on the banks
-of the Avon a little above Trinity Church. It was erected in 1879. It
-includes a Theater in which annual performances are held in April, and
-occasional performances during the winter. The “Droeshout Portrait”
-of Shakespeare, an authentic portrait of the dramatist, is one of
-the treasures kept in this building. In the adjoining grounds is the
-Shakespeare Monument presented in 1888 by the sculptor Lord Ronald
-Gower. On top of the Monument is a large seated figure of the poet, and
-around the base are figures of Lady Macbeth, Prince Hal, Falstaff, and
-Hamlet.
-
-The Red Horse Hotel in Stratford contains a bedroom and a sitting-room
-occupied by Washington Irving. There may still be seen the chair in
-which he sat and the poker with which he meditatively stirred the fire.
-
-    PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION
-    ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108
-    COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE GUILD CHAPEL AND THE SITE OF NEW PLACE,
-STRATFORD-UPON-AVON]
-
-
-
-
-Shakespeare’s Country
-
-THE GUILD CHAPEL, AND THE SITE OF NEW PLACE, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON
-
-Monograph Number Five in The Mentor Reading Course
-
-
-The earliest record of the house in which Shakespeare died at Stratford
-is contained in these words of a visitor there in 1760:
-
-“There stood here till lately the house in which Shakespeare lived,
-and a mulberry-tree of his planting; the house was large, strong and
-handsome; the tree so large that it would shade the grass-plot in your
-garden, which I think is more than twenty yards square, and supply the
-whole town with mulberries every year. As the curiosity of this house
-and tree brought much fame, and more company and profit, to the town, a
-certain man, on some disgust, has pulled the house down, so as not to
-leave one stone upon another, and cut the tree, and piled it as a stack
-of firewood, to the great vexation, loss, and disappointment of the
-inhabitants; however, an honest silversmith bought the whole stack of
-wood, and makes many odd things of this wood for the curious, some of
-which I hope to bring with me to town.”
-
-The “certain man” who pulled the house down was the Reverend Francis
-Gastrell. Shakespeare bought New Place in 1597. It had been built by
-Sir Hugh Clopton in 1483. After Shakespeare went to live in it we can
-imagine him standing in his garden and watching the boys with their
-“shining morning faces” going to the school nearby. Now, however,
-nothing remains but the foundation of the house.
-
-Shakespeare died there on April 23, 1616. He left the house to his
-daughter, Susan Hall. She lived there until 1649, and her daughter in
-turn kept it until 1670. In 1753 it came into the possession of the
-Reverend Francis Gastrell. Visitors annoyed him so much that he cut
-down the poet’s mulberry-tree that grew in the garden, and later razed
-the house to the ground. The site was purchased by money raised through
-public subscription and presented to the trustees of Shakespeare’s
-birthplace in 1870. Only the foundations are now visible, covered over
-by wire. The great garden at the back is now a public garden, and in it
-on the central lawn is a mulberry-tree, descended from the poet’s own
-tree.
-
-Next to New Place is the house of Shakespeare’s grandson by marriage,
-Thomas Nash. It has been restored so as to give it the appearance it
-had in Shakespeare’s day. Thomas Nash was married to Elizabeth Hall,
-Shakespeare’s only granddaughter and last surviving descendant.
-
-Opposite New Place stands the Guild Chapel. This is externally much the
-same as in the poet’s day. It is adjoined by the old Guild Hall, where
-Shakespeare may often have seen the performances of strolling players.
-The upper story is the Grammar School in which he was educated.
-
-    PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION
-    ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108
-    COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: THE VILLAGE OF SHOTTERY--WHERE ANNE HATHAWAY LIVED]
-
-
-
-
-Shakespeare’s Country
-
-THE VILLAGE OF SHOTTERY
-
-Monograph Number Six in The Mentor Reading Course
-
-
-Tradition has always fixed the house known as Anne Hathaway’s Cottage
-in Shottery as the house where Shakespeare wooed and won his bride.
-There is no doubt that the house belonged to a family named Hathaway,
-but whether to those from whom Anne sprang cannot be said with
-certainty.
-
-The village of Shottery is about one mile from Stratford. It is a
-prosperous little town with one or two industries and many substantial
-cottages. Anne Hathaway’s Cottage stands on the outskirts. It is
-a rather large building of the Elizabethan period and was once a
-farmhouse. It stands today practically as it was in Shakespeare’s
-time. In front of the cottage is a small garden gay with old-fashioned
-flowers.
-
-The house itself is built of wood and plaster and covered with a
-thatched roof. The interior is low-ceilinged; and the main room has
-a stone floor and wide fireplace with cozy chimney corner. The house
-contains an old wooden settle on which Shakespeare may often have sat,
-a carved bedstead, and other relics of three hundred years ago.
-
-A bedroom which is said to have been that of Anne Hathaway, has a
-sloping roof and contains some old pottery, chairs, and tables.
-
-Anne Hathaway’s Cottage was purchased for the British nation in 1892
-at a cost of about $15,000. It is now cared for by the “Shakespeare
-Birthplace Trust.”
-
-The Hathaways had lived in Shottery for forty years prior to
-Shakespeare’s marriage. At this time the poet was just eighteen, while
-Anne herself was nearly twenty-six. They were married in November, 1582.
-
-It is not known exactly where Shakespeare and his wife lived during the
-first years after their marriage. However, in 1585 he was obliged to
-leave his wife and children and go to London to seek his fortune. It is
-probable that Anne then returned beneath her parents’ roof. No one can
-look upon this humble cottage without a thrill as he realizes that the
-garret of the cottage in Shottery may often have welcomed the poet when
-he came home from his labors in the great city.
-
-    PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION
-    ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108
-    COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.
-
-
-
-
-SHAKESPEARE’S COUNTRY
-
-By WILLIAM WINTER
-
-_Poet and Critic_
-
-[Illustration: Warwick Castle
-
-Cæsar’s Tower from the Lawn]
-
-THE MENTOR · DEPARTMENT OF TRAVEL · JUNE 1, 1916
-
-    _MENTOR GRAVURES_--WARWICK CASTLE · KENILWORTH CASTLE ·
-    CHARLECOTE · THE CHURCH AND THE RIVER, STRATFORD · THE SOUTH
-    CHAPEL AND THE SITE OF NEW PLACE, STRATFORD · THE VILLAGE OF
-    SHOTTERY
-
-    Entered at the Post-office at New York, N. Y., as second-class
-    matter. Copyright, 1916, by The Mentor Association, Inc.
-
-
-The Shakespeare[1] Country, Warwickshire, is situated nearly
-in the center of England, and the birthplace of Shakespeare,
-Stratford-upon-Avon, is situated in the southern part of Warwickshire.
-A pleasant way in which to enter the Shakespeare Country is to travel
-by rail from London to Warwick, and then drive from Warwick to
-Stratford. There are two roads for the drive, one twelve miles long,
-the other eight. Both are agreeable; but the longer is the better,
-because more can be seen by the way. The traveler is wise who lodges
-for a few days at Warwick, in order to visit Warwick Castle, St. Mary’s
-Church, the ancient Gates, and the hospital for twelve aged men founded
-in 1571 by Queen Elizabeth’s favorite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
-(the scene of Hawthorne’s singular posthumous romance, “Dr. Grimshawe’s
-Secret”), and incidentally to make excursions northward to Kenilworth
-and Coventry.
-
-    [1] There are 4,000 variations in the spelling of the name
-    “Shakespeare.” An entire book has been made up on the subject.
-
-[Illustration: CLOPTON BRIDGE, STRATFORD]
-
-All those places, in themselves interesting, are associated with
-the Shakespeare Story, and a view of them gradually imparts to the
-observer’s mind a sympathetic comprehension of the environment in
-which Shakespeare was born and reared. The face of the country has,
-of course, been changed since his time, because little villages,
-fine villas, fertile farms, spacious parks, and blooming meadows now
-exist where once there was a woodland called the Forest of Arden (the
-indubitable forest, memories of which colored Shakespeare’s fancy when
-he wrote “As You Like It”), extending for many miles northward and
-westward from a point near Stratford and along the river Avon. Some
-things survive, however, which can be seen much as the poet saw them
-more than 300 years ago.
-
-
-KENILWORTH AND WARWICK
-
-[Illustration: THE MILL, GUY’S CLIFF NEAR WARWICK
-
-The name is derived from Guy, Earl of Warwick, who once lived as a
-hermit, in a cave below the house, and was buried there]
-
-When Shakespeare saw Kenilworth Castle he did not, indeed, see it as
-it now is, a picturesque mass of ruins,--the wreck made by Cromwell’s
-soldiers about 1643-45,--but as a stately structure, at once a fortress
-and a palace. Warwick Castle, on the contrary, was the same imposing
-structure to him that it is to the observer of today. In the modern
-part of that castle now the visitor is shown a sumptuous collection
-of paintings, including Van Dyck’s famous equestrian portrait of King
-Charles I, and such suggestive relics as the helmet and the death-mask
-of Cromwell; but those things impress the mind much less than does the
-building itself. That Shakespeare entered the Castle is not known; but
-that he saw it cannot be doubted, for Cæsar’s Tower--one of the older
-parts of it--which dominates the region around Warwick now has been
-grandly conspicuous there for more than 400 years, and in the poet’s
-time it must have been familiar to all inhabitants of Warwickshire.
-Kenilworth, Coventry, and Warwick figure in some of his historical
-plays, and his particular knowledge of all the surroundings of
-Stratford, and, indeed, of the whole of central England, through which
-the Wars of the Roses raged, is manifested in those dramas. He had
-ample opportunity of acquiring that knowledge.
-
-The first twenty-one or twenty-two years of his life were passed by him
-in his native town. The next twenty-seven years he passed in London,
-visiting Stratford once a year. In his closing years, from about 1613
-to his death in 1616, he dwelt in Stratford, in his house called New
-Place, bought by him in 1597, where he died. The traveler who visits
-the Shakespeare Country, viewing it exclusively with reference to its
-associations with the poet, should bear in mind these divisions of
-time. The larger part of Shakespeare’s work was done in London. It is
-mostly as a youth, though a little as a veteran, that personally he is
-connected with Stratford.
-
-[Illustration: THE RED HORSE HOTEL, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON]
-
-[Illustration: WASHINGTON IRVING PARLOR IN THE RED HORSE HOTEL]
-
-
-BLACKLOW HILL AND GUY’S CLIFF
-
-In the course of the drive from Warwick to Stratford (either way)
-the traveler passes Ganerslie Heath and Blacklow Hill, places said
-to be haunted. On Blacklow Hill the corrupt Piers Gaveston, Earl
-of Cornwall, unworthy favorite of that weak king, Edward II, was
-beheaded, June 20, 1312, by order of Guy, tenth Earl of Warwick, whom
-he had opposed and maligned, calling him “the Black Dog of Arden,”
-and some of the peasantry of the neighborhood entertain to this day
-an old superstitious notion that dismal bells have been heard to toll
-from that hill at midnight. The scene of Gaveston’s decapitation is
-marked by a monument. Another place of interest to be seen in the
-course of the drive is Guy’s Cliff, a secluded residence, beside the
-Avon, traditionally associated with an ancient, fabled Guy, Earl of
-Warwick, who, after performing prodigies of valor, retired to that
-place and lived and died a hermit. Camden, the antiquary, Shakespeare’s
-contemporary, whose “Britannia” (1586) he probably knew, thus happily
-describes it:
-
-    “There have ye a shady little wood, cleere and cristall
-    springs, mossy bottomes and caves, medowes alwaies fresh and
-    greene, the river rumbling here and there among the stones with
-    his streame making a mild noise and gentle whispering, and
-    besides all this, solitary and still quietnesse, things most
-    grateful to the Muses.”
-
-[Illustration: CHARLECOTE HOUSE]
-
-[Illustration: STONELEIGH ABBEY
-
-This fine mansion, the seat of Lord Leigh, was erected in the
-eighteenth century, and occupies the site of a Cistercian Abbey, of
-which a gateway still remains]
-
-
-THE BEAUTY OF SHAKESPEARE’S COUNTRY
-
-Those quaint words convey a just impression of the beauty of the
-Shakespeare Country. Its physical aspects are charming; its inhabitants
-and its products are characteristic; its historic associations are
-diversified and impressive. It is entirely worth seeing for its
-own sake, and it richly rewards the visitor who explores it in a
-sympathetic spirit and a leisurely way. But the great glory of
-Warwickshire consists in the fact that it was the birthplace of
-Shakespeare; the scene of all his youthful experience, his education,
-his courtship of Anne Hathaway (whose dwelling yet remains), his
-marriage, the birth of his three children, his death, and his burial.
-
-[Illustration: THE TOWN HALL AND THE SHAKESPEARE HOTEL,
-STRATFORD-UPON-AVON]
-
-
-A VISIT TO STRATFORD
-
-[Illustration: A ROOM IN THE OLD GRAMMAR SCHOOL, AT STRATFORD-UPON-AVON]
-
-I could never forget the emotion with which my mind was thrilled when
-first I took the drive from Warwick to Stratford (1877), and alighted
-at the old Red Horse Hotel. The day had been one of exceptional beauty.
-The long twilight had faded, and the stars were shining when that
-night, for the first time, I stood at the door of the birthplace of
-Shakespeare, and looked on its quaint casements and gables, its antique
-porch, and the massive timbers that cross its front. I conjure up the
-vision now, as I saw it then. I stand there for a long while, and feel
-that I shall remember these sights forever. Then, with lingering
-steps, I turn away, and, passing through a narrow, crooked lane, I walk
-in the High Street, and note at the end of the prospect the illuminated
-clock in a dark church-tower. A few chance-directed steps bring me to
-what was New Place once, where Shakespeare died, and there again I
-pause and long remain in meditation, gazing into the inclosed garden,
-where, under screens of wire, are fragments of mortar and stone.
-These--although I do not know it--are the remains of the foundations
-of Shakespeare’s house. The night wanes, but still I walk in Stratford
-streets, and by and by I am standing on the bridge that spans the Avon,
-and looking down at the thick-clustered stars reflected in the dark
-and silent stream. At last, under the roof of the Red Horse, I sink
-into a troubled slumber, from which soon a strain of celestial music,
-strong, sweet, jubilant, and splendid, awakens me in an instant, and I
-start up in bed,--to find that all around me is as still as death; and
-then, drowsily, far off, the bell strikes three, in that weird, grim,
-lonesome church-tower which I have just seen.
-
-[Illustration: NEW PLACE GARDENS STRATFORD-UPON-AVON
-
-Where Shakespeare’s house stood]
-
-
-THE RED HORSE HOTEL
-
-Many times since that first night at Stratford I have rested in the old
-Red Horse, and nowhere, in a large experience of travel, have I found a
-more homelike abode. It is a storied dwelling, too; for it was an inn
-when Shakespeare lived. It is believed to have been known to those old
-poets Michael Drayton and Ben Jonson; Betterton is said to have lodged
-in it when he visited Stratford, to glean information about the great
-dramatist of whose chief characters his age esteemed him the supremely
-best interpreter; Garrick knew the house when he was in Stratford in
-1769 to conduct the Shakespeare Jubilee; and in later years it has
-harbored scores of renowned persons from every part of the world.
-Washington Irving, revered as the father of American literature, was a
-lodger there in 1817, and wrote about it in his companionable “Sketch
-Book,” and the parlor that he then occupied has ever since borne his
-name and been embellished with picture and relic commemorative of
-his visit. The pilgrim loses much benefit and pleasure by carelessly
-speeding through the Shakespeare Country, as many excursionists do. It
-is far better to repose in the Red Horse, or some other cozy retreat,
-and spend many days in rambling about the neighborhood. To the lover of
-the works of Shakespeare the experience is one of the most profitable
-that life affords.
-
-[Illustration: NEW PLACE, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON
-
-The last residence of Shakespeare. Only the site now remains
-
-From an Old Drawing]
-
-
-STONELEIGH AND CHARLECOTE
-
-In driving from Warwick to Stratford the traveler obtains a distant
-glimpse of Stoneleigh Abbey, one of the fine baronial homes of England,
-the residence of Lord Leigh, and at a certain stile, near Charlecote
-House, the carriage is halted, so that the spacious park of Charlecote
-can be crossed on foot by a passenger who may wish to see the place
-where, as legend has long affirmed, Shakespeare killed the deer of Sir
-Thomas Lucy, thereby incurring enmity and punishment. The story lacks
-proof. No deer were kept by Sir Thomas at Charlecote,--though now they
-are numerous there,--but they were kept by him at Fullbrook, a park
-that he owned, not very far from Charlecote, and it is not impossible
-that Shakespeare and his comrades, in the wildness of frolicsome youth,
-did poach upon his preserves. Tradition, in all old English country
-places, has, when tested, often been found entirely worthy of credence.
-
-
-STRATFORD OLD AND NEW
-
-The Stratford of the sixteenth century, though then nearly 300 years
-old, was merely a village. The houses were chiefly of the one-story
-kind, made of timber. The inhabitants were in number about 1,400:
-indeed, the whole population of England was not so numerous as that of
-London is now. If Shakespeare could revisit his old haunts, though he
-would see the same green, rose-decked, and poppy-spangled countryside
-that once he knew, and hear the ripple of the Avon softly flowing
-between its grassy banks, he would miss many objects once familiar to
-him, and he would be conscious of much change,--in many ways for the
-better. Yet there are the paths in which he often trod; there is the
-school in which he was taught; there is the garden of the mansion that
-he once owned, and in which he died and there is the ancient church
-that enshrines his tomb.
-
-[Illustration: THOMAS NASH’S HOUSE, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON
-
-Nash was the husband of Shakespeare’s only granddaughter. The house
-stands next to New Place]
-
-The Birthplace, as it is now designated, is a two-story cottage made
-of timber and plaster, with dormer windows in its sloping, attic roof.
-It was originally a finer house than most of its neighbors. Its age
-is unknown. John Shakespeare, William’s father, bought it in 1556
-and occupied it till his death, in 1601, when it became William’s
-property by inheritance. By him it was bequeathed to his sister, Joan,
-Mrs. William Hart. It has passed through many ownerships and has been
-materially changed; but parts of it remain as originally they were,
-particularly the room on the ground floor, in which there is a large
-fireplace, with seats in the brick chimney jambs, and also the one
-immediately above it, the best room in the house, in which, according
-to ancient tradition, the poet was born. In that room there is a chair,
-of the sixteenth century.
-
-[Illustration: ROOM IN WHICH, ACCORDING TO TRADITION, SHAKESPEARE WAS
-BORN]
-
-The original window remains, a threefold casement, containing sixty
-panes of glass, on which many visitors have scratched their names
-with diamonds. No writing, on window or walls, is permitted now; but
-in earlier times it was allowed, and it was customary. Sir Walter
-Scott scratched his name on the window,--“W. Scott.” Byron wrote on
-the ceiling, which is low, as also did Thackeray. Byron’s name has
-disappeared. Dickens wrote on one of the walls. The names of many
-actors, including those of Edmund Kean and Edwin Booth, are inscribed
-on the chimney-jamb at the right of the fireplace. Booth was specially
-requested to write his name there, “high up.” That jamb is called “The
-Actors’ Pillar.”
-
-The Birthplace was purchased for the nation in 1847--the American
-museum and circus manager P. T. Barnum having alarmed England by
-proposing to buy and remove it to America. New Place and Anne
-Hathaway’s Cottage, at Shottery, about a mile west of Stratford, have
-since then been purchased, and those properties are now administered as
-a trust for the public.
-
-[Illustration: THE HOME OF SHAKESPEARE’S MOTHER
-
-The Mary Arden Cottage at Wilmcote, a little village near Stratford]
-
-New Place, the finest mansion in the town when Shakespeare bought it,
-was destroyed in 1759 by order of Rev. Thomas Gastrell, its owner at
-that time, who had been annoyed by many visitors, thronging to see his
-house and to sit under a mulberry tree in his garden, believed to have
-been planted and reared by Shakespeare. The tree was cut down by Mr.
-Gastrell; but a reputed “grandson” of it is growing there now. Nothing
-remains of the building except its foundation, long buried, but later
-exhumed, and now carefully preserved. The house was situated directly
-opposite the Guild Chapel, a relic of the thirteenth century, and one
-of the most venerable and pictorial of the towered churches of England.
-Shakespeare hired two sittings in that church, and when he lived in New
-Place he must have seen it almost continually. Next to the church is
-the Grammar School, established in 1482, which there is every reason to
-believe he attended in his boyhood. The building has been tastefully
-“restored” to its original condition: the schoolroom has not been
-altered.
-
-
-ANNE HATHAWAY’S COTTAGE
-
-[Illustration: ANNE HATHAWAY’S COTTAGE, SHOTTERY: FROM THE BROOK.]
-
-The Hathaway Cottage, to which the flower-bordered path is an ancient
-“right of way,” through gardens and meadows that Shakespeare must
-often have traversed, is an exceptionally fine specimen of the
-timber-crossed, thatch-roofed dwelling of the Tudor period. It stands
-in a large garden, is shaded by tall trees, and is prettily clad with
-woodbine, ivy, wild roses, and maiden’s blush. In one of the upper
-chambers a large, antique, carved four-post bedstead is shown, as
-having been used by Anne Hathaway. It is possible that William and Anne
-lived in that cottage immediately after their marriage, which occurred
-in 1582. He was eighteen, she was twenty-six. The bond (a document
-required in those days to obtain authorization of wedlock) is preserved
-and may be inspected in the Edgar Tower at Worcester, where I saw it in
-1889. The actual record of their marriage is supposed to have perished
-in a fire (before 1600) which, consuming the church of Ludington, a
-village near Shottery, destroyed the registers of that parish.
-
-[Illustration: From an Old Drawing
-
-THE HOUSE IN WHICH SHAKESPEARE WAS BORN
-
-At Stratford-upon-Avon]
-
-[Illustration: From an Old Drawing
-
-THE JUBILEE BOOTH
-
-At Stratford-upon-Avon]
-
-[Illustration: From an Old Drawing
-
-THE BEAR GARDEN AND THE GLOBE THEATER IN LONDON
-
-The first named at the extreme left of the picture and the second at
-the extreme right]
-
-Shakespeare was poor, when (1585) he went to London, and I venture the
-conjecture that when he returned to Stratford he found his wife and
-children dwelling at either the Hathaway Cottage or the home of his
-friends Hamnet and Judith Sadler, after whom his latest born children,
-Hamnet and Judith, twins, were named. The Hathaway Cottage seems
-vitally associated with him, as is still another old timbered house,
-the home of his mother, Mary Arden, which may be seen on the outskirts
-of the village of Wilmcote, situated about four miles northwest of
-Stratford,--an easy, pleasant walk.
-
-[Illustration: THE AVENUE TO THE CHURCH
-
-Stratford-upon-Avon]
-
-
-THE COUNTRY ROUND ABOUT
-
-Indeed, there is scarce an end to the variety of pleasant walks
-feasible in the Shakespeare Country, and I have found it specially
-suggestive of agreeable thoughts and feelings to stroll in many
-directions and for many miles around Stratford, and to fancy the
-presence of Shakespeare himself rambling, as probably his custom was,
-over all the countryside. How else could he have gained the minute
-knowledge that is manifested in his plays of Warwickshire names,
-localities, characters, customs, and the many peculiarities of foliage
-and flower that distinguish the Warwickshire clime? The “palm” that
-_Orlando_ finds in the Forest of Arden in “As You Like It” is not
-an oriental palm, but a tree so named that grows now and has always
-grown on the banks of the Avon. “Christopher Sly, of Burton Heath” and
-“Marian Hacket, the fat ale-wife of Wincot” are types of Warwickshire
-peasantry, which no doubt Shakespeare saw. Barton Heath and Wincot are
-places not distant from his home.
-
-To trace the course of Shakespeare from his birth to his death, is to
-gain knowledge and wisdom. It is wisely written by the poet Tennyson
-that “Things seen are mightier than things heard.”
-
-
-SUPPLEMENTARY READING
-
-    SHAKESPEARE’S ENGLAND                           _By William Winter_
-    A most interesting and beautifully illustrated book.
-
-    HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS IN SHAKESPEARE’S COUNTRY      _By W. H. Hutton_
-    With numerous illustrations by Edmund H. New.
-
-    THE WARWICKSHIRE AVON                      _By A. T. Quiller-Couch_
-    Illustrated by Alfred Parsons.
-
-    SHAKESPEARE’S TOWN AND TIME       _By H. S. Ward and C. W. B. Ward_
-
-    SHAKESPEARE’S LONDON                              _By T. F. Ordish_
-
-    SHAKESPEARE’S LOVE STORY                         _By A. B. McMahon_
-
-    RELIQUES OF STRATFORD-UPON-AVON             _Compiled by A. E. Way_
-
-    SEEN AND UNSEEN AT STRATFORD-UPON-AVON           _By W. D. Howells_
-
-    SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD                        _By H. C. Shelley_
-
-⁂ Information concerning the above books may be had on application to
-the Editor of the Mentor.
-
-
-
-
-THE OPEN LETTER
-
-
-[Illustration: STRATFORD ON AVON
-
-Reproduced from W. H. Hutton’s “Highways and Byways in
-Shakespeare’s Country.” Published by The MacMillan Co.]
-
-The saying goes in theatrical circles that Shakespeare “doesn’t pay.”
-And yet the editions of Shakespeare outnumber those of any other book
-except the Bible, and many new editions appear each season. It seems
-then that though we read Shakespeare we do not go to see his plays
-performed. Apparently it pays a publisher to place Shakespeare on the
-shelf, but it does not pay a producer to place him on the stage.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-I cannot accept this statement without qualification, for I have known
-years--not far back--when Shakespeare was a regular and profitable
-feature of the stage. My knowledge of Shakespeare on the stage began
-with Edwin Booth, Lawrence Barrett, Henry Irving, John McCullough,
-Salvini and the famous women, Modjeska, Ellen Terry, and others who
-were their associates in dramatic art. In recent years I have listened
-to Mantell, Mansfield, Sothern and Marlowe. I have seen some of these
-players many times in their favorite roles. I am sure that there are
-few modern plays compelling enough in interest to draw one to see them
-more than a half dozen times. But it was a common thing a few years ago
-to hear people say that they had seen Booth or Irving a dozen times in
-a single role.
-
-In those days Shakespeare was played not only with profit by the great
-stars, but by stock-companies as well. Augustin Daly, during several
-successive, and successful, years produced the Comedies with his strong
-company. And these were not gala performances. They were steady going
-attractions. In reckoning stage successes today, we consider a run of
-100 nights a matter for celebration. In his time, Edwin Booth played
-“Hamlet” for 100 nights in succession in one New York theater, and
-Irving played “The Merchant of Venice” for the greater part of a whole
-season. Runs of a single play of Shakespeare for several weeks were not
-uncommon.
-
-But still they say today that Shakespeare on the stage does not pay.
-That means, of course, that we folks of today do not go to hear
-Shakespeare. Why don’t we go? We did when Booth, Barrett, Irving and
-Salvini played. And if Henry Irving should bring us today a production
-of The Merchant of Venice such as he made familiar to the theater-goers
-of his time, Shakespeare would pay again. If we do not go to hear
-Shakespeare played it is because we want Shakespeare only when it is
-produced and played _as well as Shakespeare reads_. When a man of
-genius and imagination gives us Shakespeare as “big as we find him in
-his plays,” we will surely go to hear him on the stage today--as our
-parents did in former days, and as we did yesterday.
-
-[Illustration: W. D. Moffat
-
-EDITOR]
-
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-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mentor: Shakespeare's Country,
-Vol. 4, Num. 8, Serial No. 108, Ju, by William Winter
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MENTOR: SHAKESPEARE'S COUNTRY ***
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-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mentor: Shakespeare's Country, Vol. 4,
-Num. 8, Serial No. 108, June 1, 1916, by William Winter
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: The Mentor: Shakespeare's Country, Vol. 4, Num. 8, Serial No. 108, June 1, 1916
-
-Author: William Winter
-
-Release Date: March 29, 2016 [EBook #51598]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MENTOR: SHAKESPEARE'S COUNTRY ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
-
-
-
-
-
-
-</pre>
-
-
-<h1>THE MENTOR 1916.06.01, No. 108,<br />
-Shakespeare’s Country</h1>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 481px;">
-<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="481" height="700" alt="Cover page" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="bbox" style="width: 25em; margin: auto;">
-
-<p class="center gesperrt smaller">LEARN ONE THING<br />
-EVERY DAY</p>
-
-<p class="smaller noindent">JUNE 1 1916</p>
-
-<p class="right smaller noindent" style="margin-top: -2em;">SERIAL NO. 108</p>
-
-<p class="center"><span class="larger">THE<br />
-MENTOR</span><br />
-<br />
-SHAKESPEARE’S<br />
-COUNTRY</p>
-
-<p class="center smaller">By WILLIAM WINTER<br />
-Poet and Critic</p>
-
-<p class="smaller noindent">DEPARTMENT OF<br />
-TRAVEL</p>
-
-<p class="right smaller noindent" style="margin-top: -3em;">VOLUME 4<br />
-NUMBER 8</p>
-
-<p class="center smaller">FIFTEEN CENTS A COPY</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="bbox-double">
-
-<h2>Stratford Impressions</h2>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;">
-<img src="images/book.jpg" width="100" height="97" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p>It is the everlasting glory of Stratford-upon-Avon
-that it was the birthplace of Shakespeare. Situated
-in the heart of beautiful Warwickshire, it nestles cosily
-in an atmosphere of tranquil loveliness, and it is surrounded
-by everything that gentle rural scenery can provide
-to soothe the mind and to nurture contentment. It
-stands upon a plain, almost in the center of England,
-through which, between low green hills that roll away on
-either side, the Avon flows, in many capricious windings,
-to the Severn, and so to the sea.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p>The golden glory of the setting sun burns on the
-gray spire of Stratford church, and on the ancient
-graveyard below,&mdash;wherein the mossy stones lean
-this way and that, in sweet and orderly confusion,&mdash;and
-on the peaceful avenue of limes, and on the burnished
-water of silver Avon. The tall, pointed, many-colored
-windows of the church glint in the evening light. A cool,
-fragrant wind is stirring the branches and the grass. The
-songbirds, calling to their mates or sporting in the wanton
-pleasure of their airy life, are circling over the church
-roof or hiding in little crevices of its walls. On the vacant
-meadows across the river stretch away the long, level
-shadows of the stately elms.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p>It is an accepted tradition in Stratford-upon-Avon
-that the bell of the Guild Chapel was tolled on the occasion
-of the death and also of the funeral of Shakespeare.</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">Sweet bell of Stratford, tolling slow,</div>
-<div class="verse">In summer gloaming’s golden glow,</div>
-<div class="verse">I hear and feel thy voice divine,</div>
-<div class="verse">And all my soul responds to thine.</div>
-</div>
-<div class="stanza">
-<div class="verse">As now I hear thee, even so</div>
-<div class="verse">My Shakespeare heard thee, long ago,</div>
-<div class="verse">When lone by Avon’s pensive stream</div>
-<div class="verse">He wandered in his haunted dream.</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<p class="smaller noindent">From “Shakespeare’s England,” by William Winter</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
-<img src="images/plate1.jpg" width="650" height="460" alt="" />
-<p class="caption">WARWICK CASTLE, WARWICK</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center larger">Shakespeare’s Country</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h2>WARWICK CASTLE</h2>
-
-<p class="center">Monograph Number One in The Mentor Reading Course</p>
-
-<div>
-<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-fancy-n.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="dropcap">No one should come abruptly upon Stratford, the home of
-Shakespeare, as Mr. Winter says. It is wiser and pleasanter
-to approach it gradually by way of Warwick and
-Kenilworth. Both these castles have a place in Shakespeare’s
-plays, and it is well worth while for the visitor to see them.</p>
-
-<p>Warwick is a quaint old town. Its population is about 12,000, and
-it lies on a hill rising from the river Avon. Far back in antiquity it
-was a settlement of the Britons, and, afterward, it was occupied by
-the Romans. Its present name is of Saxon origin. Many of the houses
-retain their medieval appearance; and in fact two of the old gates of
-the town are still standing.</p>
-
-<p>The prevailing quality of the town of Warwick is a sweet, solemn
-peace. The people live there as in a gentle dream of repose. The little
-rows of cottages breathe contentment; ivy embowers them, and roses
-cluster about their windows.</p>
-
-<p>The Church of St. Mary at Warwick as it now stands was rebuilt
-after a fire in 1694. The Lord Leicester Hospital was established by
-Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in 1571. He founded it for the
-reception of twelve poor men. This building contains several interesting
-relics, one of which is a Saxon chair said to be a thousand years old; and
-another is a piece of needle-work by Amy Robsart, the heroine of Sir
-Walter Scott’s novel, “Kenilworth.”</p>
-
-<p>On a commanding position overlooking the Avon rises Warwick
-Castle, the ancient and stately home of the Earls of Warwick. This
-castle is one of the finest and most picturesque feudal residences in England.
-It probably dates from Saxon times; but the oldest part now standing
-is the tall Cæsar’s Tower, 147 feet high, which was probably built
-soon after the Norman conquest. In 1871 a great fire almost completely
-destroyed the castle; but it was restored in the old style. The most
-important event in the history of the building was its successful defence
-by the Parliamentarians during the Civil War in England.</p>
-
-<p>The interior of the castle contains an interesting collection of paintings,
-old armor, and other curiosities. In the Great Hall are the sword
-and some other relics of the legendary Count Guy of Warwick. His
-feats of arms in slaying terrible monsters are an important part of English
-legend. In the Great Hall also are the mace of Richard Neville, Earl
-of Warwick, who was known as “the king maker,” and the helmet of
-Oliver Cromwell. This castle is noted for its famous collection of pictures,
-among which are several by Rubens and Van Dyck. In the
-conservatory of the castle is preserved the famous Warwick vase of marble,
-which was found near Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli, in Italy, and is
-attributed to the fourth century B. C.</p>
-
-<p>Nathaniel Hawthorne has put into words the very feeling that comes
-over each visitor to Warwick: “We can scarcely think the scene real,
-so completely do those towers, the long line of battlements, the massive
-buttresses, the high-windowed walls, shape out our indistinct ideas of
-the antique time.”</p>
-
-<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br />
-ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108<br />
-COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
-<img src="images/plate2.jpg" width="650" height="460" alt="" />
-<p class="caption">KENILWORTH CASTLE, KENILWORTH</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center larger">Shakespeare’s Country</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h2>KENILWORTH CASTLE</h2>
-
-<p class="center">Monograph Number Two in The Mentor Reading Course</p>
-
-<div>
-<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-fancy-i.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="dropcap">It was in 1575 at Kenilworth Castle that the Earl of Leicester,
-then a suitor for the hand of Queen Elizabeth, entertained
-her and the court at “excessive cost” as described in “Kenilworth,”
-by Sir Walter Scott.</p>
-
-<p>Everyone who has read the book knows that the Earl of
-Leicester had secretly married Amy Robsart, the daughter of a country
-gentleman, and at the same time was attempting to gain the favor of
-Elizabeth. When a disclosure of the truth was about to precipitate the
-ruin of Leicester, he prepared a magnificent pageant at his castle for the
-Queen; in the meanwhile his follower, Varney, was to pass himself off
-as Amy’s husband.</p>
-
-<p>At Kenilworth Castle, on the Queen’s first entry, “a small floating
-island illuminated by a great variety of torches … made its appearance
-upon the lake,” upon which, clad in silks, were the Lady of the Lake and
-two nymphs waiting on her. During the several days of the Queen’s
-stay “rare shews and sports were exercised.”</p>
-
-<p>The town of Kenilworth has a population of only about 5,000. The
-magnificent old castle is now in ruins. It was originally founded about
-1120. In the 13th century it passed into the hands of Simon de Montfort.
-Some years later it came to John of Gaunt. Later the castle
-became royal property, and in 1562 Queen Elizabeth presented it to the
-Earl of Leicester. He spent enormous sums of money in enlarging and
-improving the building. At his death, however, it passed back into the
-possession of the Crown. When Cromwell became Ruler of England he
-gave the castle to some of his officers, who demolished the stately pile
-for the sake of its materials. After the Restoration it passed into the
-hands of the Earl of Clarendon, who still retains it. One of the principal
-parts of the building remaining is Leicester’s gatehouse, now occupied as a
-private dwelling. Then there is also the Norman Keep of Cæsar’s
-Tower. This has massive walls fifteen or sixteen feet thick. Merwyn’s
-Tower, built by John of Gaunt about 1392, may also be seen: the “small
-octangular chamber” on its second floor is the one assigned by Walter
-Scott to Amy Robsart.</p>
-
-<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br />
-ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108<br />
-COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
-<img src="images/plate3.jpg" width="650" height="460" alt="" />
-<p class="caption">CHARLECOTE, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center larger">Shakespeare’s Country</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h2>CHARLECOTE</h2>
-
-<p class="center">Monograph Number Three in The Mentor Reading Course</p>
-
-<div>
-<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-fancy-t.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="dropcap">The well-known tale of Shakespeare’s poaching on the preserves
-of Sir Thomas Lucy and his subsequent punishment
-is doubted by many authorities; yet this story has clung
-to the poet and has always been associated with the house
-of Charlecote.</p>
-
-<p>The legend runs that Shakespeare as a gay and heedless youth stole
-deer from the park at Charlecote. The fact of the matter is that
-there were no deer at Charlecote at the time; but there was a warren,
-and this term legally covers a preserve for other animals than
-hares or rabbits. At any rate, the young poet is said to have been
-called up before Sir Thomas Lucy, who was then sheriff, and prosecuted
-in 1585. There is added the statement that Shakespeare aggravated
-the offence by writing a silly ballad on Sir Thomas and affixing it to his
-gate. This gave the Knight great offence, and Shakespeare is said to
-have been driven from Stratford to London. The ballad, however, is
-probably a forgery.</p>
-
-<p>Shakespeare is generally supposed to have caricatured Sir Thomas
-Lucy in his portrait of Justice Shallow in the second part of “Henry
-IV,” and in the “Merry Wives of Windsor.” This may be true for,
-in the coat-of-arms of Lucy there were three “luces”; while Slender remarks
-of Robert Shallow that “the ancestors who come after him may
-give the dozen white luces in their coat.”</p>
-
-<p>Sir Thomas Lucy was born on April 24, 1532. Three of his ancestors
-had been sheriffs of Warwickshire and Leicestershire: and on his father’s
-death in 1552 Thomas inherited the estates of Sherborne and Hampton
-Lucy, in addition to Charlecote, which was rebuilt for him by John of
-Padua in about 1558. In 1565 he was knighted and a few years later he
-became high sheriff of the county.</p>
-
-<p>In 1558 Sir Thomas Lucy introduced into Parliament a bill for the
-better preservation of game and grain; this, together with his reputation
-as a preserver of game, gives some color to the Shakespearian tradition
-connected with his name. He died at Charlecote on July 7, 1600.
-The Charlecote estates eventually passed to the Rev. John Hammond
-through his marriage with Alice Lucy, and in 1789 he himself adopted
-the name of Lucy.</p>
-
-<p>Charlecote is still occupied by one of his descendants. It contains a
-good collection of old paintings, antique furniture, and many objects of
-Shakespearian interest. The park is now well stocked with deer.</p>
-
-<p>Charlecote Church, nearby, contains several monuments of the Lucy
-family, including one to the wife of Sir Thomas Lucy with a fine epitaph
-written by the Knight himself. This epitaph shows that Sheriff Lucy
-could hardly have been otherwise than kind and gentle. He may
-have been a severe magistrate and perhaps a haughty, disagreeable
-neighbor, but in those lines there is a tone of manhood and high feeling
-that wins a prompt response of sympathy. If Shakespeare stole the
-deer of Sir Thomas Lucy, he received just punishment and the Knight
-was not to blame.</p>
-
-<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br />
-ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108<br />
-COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
-<img src="images/plate4.jpg" width="650" height="460" alt="" />
-<p class="caption">THE CHURCH AND THE RIVER, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center larger">Shakespeare’s Country</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h2>THE CHURCH AND THE RIVER, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</h2>
-
-<p class="center">Monograph Number Four In The Mentor Reading Course</p>
-
-<div>
-<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-fancy-h.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="dropcap">Historians may deny it, statisticians may disprove it, yet
-Stratford is the heart of England, and the little Avon is in
-a sense the most famous of all English rivers. It is the goal
-of all Shakespeare lovers. The poet and the river are Stratford’s
-two claims for distinction&mdash;but what place could ask
-for more? The Avon gives it a setting, the beauty of which can never
-entirely pass from the mind of the beholder; Shakespeare, the man
-and the poet, is to be seen and heard everywhere.</p>
-
-<p>Stratford-upon-Avon is a clean and well built little country town of
-about 8,000 or 9,000 inhabitants. It has wide and pleasant streets with
-numerous quaint half-timbered houses. It is a place of great antiquity.
-Stratford is mentioned in a Saxon Charter of the eighth century, and
-Roman coins have been found in the district showing that it was inhabited
-in Roman times. Later it had some importance as an agricultural center.
-In addition to this, the various trades of weaving, glove-making,
-candle-making, and soap-making were carried on; but now these have
-lost their importance, and the town owes its fame almost entirely to the
-memory of Shakespeare, born there in 1564. Over 35,000 pilgrims annually
-visit Stratford.</p>
-
-<p>The River Avon, gently flowing among meadows and forests, is
-navigable only for small boats. At Stratford it is crossed by a stone
-bridge of fourteen arches. This was built by Sir Hugh Clopton in the
-reign of Henry VII.</p>
-
-<p>On the bank of the river is the Church of the Holy Trinity. It
-occupies the site of a Saxon monastery, and was probably completed in
-the fifteenth century. It was greatly restored in 1890-1892 and 1898.
-The central tower dates probably from the twelfth century. This is
-surmounted by a lofty spire.</p>
-
-<p>The interior of the church contains many things of interest, but
-those that attract the visitor most strongly are, of course, the ones connected
-with Shakespeare. There is his grave, and there on the wall
-above is the bust which was executed soon after his death. The stained
-glass window nearby, representing the Seven Ages, was erected with the
-contributions of American visitors. Near Shakespeare’s tomb are those
-of his wife, Anne Hathaway, of his daughter and son-in-law, and of
-Thomas Nash, the first husband of his granddaughter, Elizabeth.</p>
-
-<p>Shakespeare’s House, in which the poet was born in 1564, is now
-national property.</p>
-
-<p>The Shakespeare Memorial Building, the site for which was presented
-to the town of Stratford by Charles Edward Flower, stands on
-the banks of the Avon a little above Trinity Church. It was erected
-in 1879. It includes a Theater in which annual performances are held
-in April, and occasional performances during the winter. The “Droeshout
-Portrait” of Shakespeare, an authentic portrait of the dramatist,
-is one of the treasures kept in this building. In the adjoining grounds
-is the Shakespeare Monument presented in 1888 by the sculptor Lord
-Ronald Gower. On top of the Monument is a large seated figure of the
-poet, and around the base are figures of Lady Macbeth, Prince Hal,
-Falstaff, and Hamlet.</p>
-
-<p>The Red Horse Hotel in Stratford contains a bedroom and a sitting-room
-occupied by Washington Irving. There may still be seen the
-chair in which he sat and the poker with which he meditatively stirred
-the fire.</p>
-
-<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br />
-ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108<br />
-COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
-<img src="images/plate5.jpg" width="650" height="460" alt="" />
-<p class="caption">THE GUILD CHAPEL AND THE SITE OF NEW PLACE, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center larger">Shakespeare’s Country</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h2>THE GUILD CHAPEL, AND THE SITE OF NEW PLACE,
-STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</h2>
-
-<p class="center">Monograph Number Five in The Mentor Reading Course</p>
-
-<div>
-<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-fancy-t.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="dropcap">The earliest record of the house in which Shakespeare died
-at Stratford is contained in these words of a visitor there
-in 1760:</p>
-
-<p>“There stood here till lately the house in which Shakespeare
-lived, and a mulberry-tree of his planting; the house
-was large, strong and handsome; the tree so large that it would shade
-the grass-plot in your garden, which I think is more than twenty yards
-square, and supply the whole town with mulberries every year. As the
-curiosity of this house and tree brought much fame, and more company
-and profit, to the town, a certain man, on some disgust, has pulled the
-house down, so as not to leave one stone upon another, and cut the tree,
-and piled it as a stack of firewood, to the great vexation, loss, and disappointment
-of the inhabitants; however, an honest silversmith bought
-the whole stack of wood, and makes many odd things of this wood for
-the curious, some of which I hope to bring with me to town.”</p>
-
-<p>The “certain man” who pulled the house down was the Reverend
-Francis Gastrell. Shakespeare bought New Place in 1597. It had
-been built by Sir Hugh Clopton in 1483. After Shakespeare went to
-live in it we can imagine him standing in his garden and watching the
-boys with their “shining morning faces” going to the school nearby.
-Now, however, nothing remains but the foundation of the house.</p>
-
-<p>Shakespeare died there on April 23, 1616. He left the house to his
-daughter, Susan Hall. She lived there until 1649, and her daughter in
-turn kept it until 1670. In 1753 it came into the possession of the Reverend
-Francis Gastrell. Visitors annoyed him so much that he cut
-down the poet’s mulberry-tree that grew in the garden, and later razed
-the house to the ground. The site was purchased by money raised
-through public subscription and presented to the trustees of Shakespeare’s
-birthplace in 1870. Only the foundations are now visible, covered
-over by wire. The great garden at the back is now a public garden,
-and in it on the central lawn is a mulberry-tree, descended from the
-poet’s own tree.</p>
-
-<p>Next to New Place is the house of Shakespeare’s grandson by marriage,
-Thomas Nash. It has been restored so as to give it the appearance
-it had in Shakespeare’s day. Thomas Nash was married to Elizabeth
-Hall, Shakespeare’s only granddaughter and last surviving descendant.</p>
-
-<p>Opposite New Place stands the Guild Chapel. This is externally
-much the same as in the poet’s day. It is adjoined by the old Guild
-Hall, where Shakespeare may often have seen the performances of strolling
-players. The upper story is the Grammar School in which he was
-educated.</p>
-
-<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br />
-ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108<br />
-COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
-<img src="images/plate6.jpg" width="650" height="460" alt="" />
-<p class="caption">THE VILLAGE OF SHOTTERY&mdash;WHERE ANNE HATHAWAY LIVED</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center larger">Shakespeare’s Country</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h2>THE VILLAGE OF SHOTTERY</h2>
-
-<p class="center">Monograph Number Six in The Mentor Reading Course</p>
-
-<div>
-<img class="dropcap" src="images/dropcap-fancy-t.jpg" width="100" height="100" alt="" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="dropcap">Tradition has always fixed the house known as Anne Hathaway’s
-Cottage in Shottery as the house where Shakespeare
-wooed and won his bride. There is no doubt that the house
-belonged to a family named Hathaway, but whether to those
-from whom Anne sprang cannot be said with certainty.</p>
-
-<p>The village of Shottery is about one mile from Stratford. It is a
-prosperous little town with one or two industries and many substantial
-cottages. Anne Hathaway’s Cottage stands on the outskirts. It is a
-rather large building of the Elizabethan period and was once a farmhouse.
-It stands today practically as it was in Shakespeare’s time. In
-front of the cottage is a small garden gay with old-fashioned flowers.</p>
-
-<p>The house itself is built of wood and plaster and covered with a
-thatched roof. The interior is low-ceilinged; and the main room has a
-stone floor and wide fireplace with cozy chimney corner. The house
-contains an old wooden settle on which Shakespeare may often have sat,
-a carved bedstead, and other relics of three hundred years ago.</p>
-
-<p>A bedroom which is said to have been that of Anne Hathaway, has
-a sloping roof and contains some old pottery, chairs, and tables.</p>
-
-<p>Anne Hathaway’s Cottage was purchased for the British nation in
-1892 at a cost of about $15,000. It is now cared for by the “Shakespeare
-Birthplace Trust.”</p>
-
-<p>The Hathaways had lived in Shottery for forty years prior to Shakespeare’s
-marriage. At this time the poet was just eighteen, while Anne
-herself was nearly twenty-six. They were married in November, 1582.</p>
-
-<p>It is not known exactly where Shakespeare and his wife lived during
-the first years after their marriage. However, in 1585 he was obliged
-to leave his wife and children and go to London to seek his fortune. It
-is probable that Anne then returned beneath her parents’ roof. No
-one can look upon this humble cottage without a thrill as he realizes
-that the garret of the cottage in Shottery may often have welcomed
-the poet when he came home from his labors in the great city.</p>
-
-<p class="center smaller">PREPARED BY THE EDITORIAL STAFF OF THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION<br />
-ILLUSTRATION FOR THE MENTOR, VOL. 4, No. 8, SERIAL No. 108<br />
-COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY THE MENTOR ASSOCIATION, INC.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<h2>SHAKESPEARE’S COUNTRY</h2>
-
-<p class="center">By WILLIAM WINTER</p>
-
-<p class="center"><i>Poet and Critic</i></p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus15.jpg" width="500" height="289" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">Warwick Castle</p>
-
-<p class="caption">Cæsar’s Tower from the Lawn</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="center larger">THE MENTOR · DEPARTMENT OF TRAVEL · JUNE 1, 1916</p>
-
-<div class="blockquote">
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center"><i>MENTOR GRAVURES</i>&mdash;WARWICK CASTLE · KENILWORTH CASTLE ·
-CHARLECOTE · THE CHURCH AND THE RIVER, STRATFORD · THE
-SOUTH CHAPEL AND THE SITE OF NEW PLACE, STRATFORD · THE
-VILLAGE OF SHOTTERY</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="center smaller">Entered at the Post-office at New York, N. Y., as second-class matter.
-Copyright, 1916, by The Mentor Association, Inc.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>The Shakespeare<a name="FNanchor_1" id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> Country, Warwickshire, is situated nearly in the
-center of England, and the birthplace of Shakespeare, Stratford-upon-Avon,
-is situated in the southern part of Warwickshire. A
-pleasant way in which to enter the Shakespeare Country is to travel by
-rail from London to Warwick, and then drive from Warwick to Stratford.
-There are two roads for the drive, one twelve miles long, the other eight.
-Both are agreeable; but the longer is the better, because more can be
-seen by the way. The traveler is wise who lodges for a few days at Warwick,
-in order to visit Warwick Castle, St. Mary’s Church, the ancient
-Gates, and the hospital for twelve aged men founded in 1571 by Queen
-Elizabeth’s favorite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester (the scene of Hawthorne’s
-singular posthumous romance, “Dr. Grimshawe’s Secret”), and
-incidentally to make excursions northward to Kenilworth and Coventry.</p>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span
-class="label">[1]</span></a> There are 4,000 variations in the spelling
-of the name “Shakespeare.” An entire book has been made up on the
-subject.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus16a.jpg" width="400" height="226" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">CLOPTON BRIDGE, STRATFORD</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>All those places, in themselves interesting, are associated with the
-Shakespeare Story, and a view of them gradually imparts to the observer’s
-mind a sympathetic comprehension of the environment in which
-Shakespeare was born and reared. The face of the country has, of course,
-been changed since his time, because little villages, fine villas, fertile
-farms, spacious parks, and blooming meadows now exist where once there
-was a woodland called the Forest of Arden (the indubitable forest, memories
-of which colored Shakespeare’s fancy when he wrote “As You Like
-It”), extending for many miles northward and westward from a point
-near Stratford and along the river Avon. Some things survive, however,
-which can be seen much as the poet saw them more than 300 years ago.</p>
-
-<h3>KENILWORTH AND WARWICK</h3>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus16b.jpg" width="300" height="216" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">THE MILL, GUY’S CLIFF NEAR WARWICK</p>
-
-<p class="caption">The name is derived from Guy, Earl of Warwick, who once
-lived as a hermit, in a cave below the house, and was
-buried there</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>When Shakespeare saw Kenilworth Castle he did not, indeed, see it as
-it now is, a picturesque mass of ruins,&mdash;the wreck made by Cromwell’s
-soldiers about 1643-45,&mdash;but as a stately structure, at once a fortress
-and a palace. Warwick Castle, on the contrary, was the same imposing
-structure to him that it is to the observer of today. In the modern
-part of that castle now the visitor is shown a sumptuous collection of
-paintings, including Van Dyck’s famous equestrian portrait of King
-Charles I, and such suggestive relics as the helmet and the death-mask of
-Cromwell; but those things impress the mind much less than does the
-building itself. That Shakespeare entered the Castle is not known; but
-that he saw it cannot be doubted, for Cæsar’s Tower&mdash;one of the older
-parts of it&mdash;which dominates the region around Warwick now has been
-grandly conspicuous there for more than 400 years, and in the poet’s
-time it must have been familiar to all inhabitants of Warwickshire. Kenilworth,
-Coventry, and Warwick figure in some of his historical plays,
-and his particular knowledge of all the surroundings of Stratford, and,
-indeed, of the whole of central England, through which the Wars of the
-Roses raged, is manifested in
-those dramas. He had ample
-opportunity of acquiring that
-knowledge.</p>
-
-<p>The first twenty-one or
-twenty-two years of his life
-were passed by him in his
-native town. The next twenty-seven
-years he passed in
-London, visiting Stratford once
-a year. In his closing years,
-from about 1613 to his death
-in 1616, he dwelt in Stratford,
-in his house called New Place,
-bought by him in 1597, where
-he died. The traveler who
-visits the Shakespeare Country,
-viewing it exclusively with
-reference to its associations
-with the poet, should bear in
-mind these divisions of time.
-The larger part of Shakespeare’s
-work was done in London.
-It is mostly as a youth,
-though a little as a veteran,
-that personally he is connected
-with Stratford.</p>
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus17a.jpg" width="400" height="226" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">THE RED
-HORSE
-HOTEL,
-STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus17b.jpg" width="300" height="248" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">WASHINGTON
-IRVING PARLOR
-IN THE RED
-HORSE HOTEL</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3>BLACKLOW HILL AND
-GUY’S CLIFF</h3>
-
-<p>In the course of the drive
-from Warwick to Stratford
-(either way) the traveler
-passes Ganerslie Heath and
-Blacklow Hill, places said to
-be haunted. On Blacklow Hill
-the corrupt Piers Gaveston,
-Earl of Cornwall, unworthy
-favorite of that weak king,
-Edward II, was beheaded,
-June 20, 1312, by order of
-Guy, tenth Earl of Warwick,
-whom he had opposed and
-maligned, calling him “the Black Dog of Arden,” and some of the
-peasantry of the neighborhood entertain to this day an old superstitious
-notion that dismal bells have been heard to toll from that hill at
-midnight. The scene of Gaveston’s decapitation is marked by a monument.
-Another place of interest to be seen in the course of the drive
-is Guy’s Cliff, a secluded residence, beside the Avon, traditionally associated
-with an ancient, fabled Guy, Earl of Warwick, who, after performing
-prodigies of valor, retired to that place and lived and died a hermit.
-Camden, the antiquary, Shakespeare’s contemporary, whose “Britannia”
-(1586) he probably knew, thus happily describes it:</p>
-
-<div class="blockquote">
-
-<p>“There have ye a shady little wood, cleere and cristall springs, mossy
-bottomes and caves, medowes alwaies fresh and greene, the river rumbling
-here and there among the stones with his streame making a mild noise and
-gentle whispering, and besides all this, solitary and still quietnesse, things
-most grateful to the Muses.”</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter">
-
-<div class="figmulti" style="width: 400px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus18a.jpg" width="400" height="248" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">CHARLECOTE HOUSE</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="figmulti" style="width: 400px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus18b.jpg" width="400" height="260" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">STONELEIGH
-ABBEY</p>
-
-<p class="caption">This fine mansion,
-the seat of Lord
-Leigh, was erected
-in the eighteenth
-century, and
-occupies the site of
-a Cistercian Abbey,
-of which a gateway
-still remains</p>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3>THE BEAUTY OF
-SHAKESPEARE’S
-COUNTRY</h3>
-
-<p>Those quaint words
-convey a just impression
-of the beauty of the
-Shakespeare Country. Its
-physical aspects are charming;
-its inhabitants and
-its products are characteristic;
-its historic associations
-are diversified and
-impressive. It is entirely
-worth seeing for its own sake, and it richly rewards the visitor who explores
-it in a sympathetic spirit and a leisurely way. But the great glory of
-Warwickshire consists in the fact that it was the birthplace of Shakespeare;
-the scene of all his youthful experience, his education, his courtship of
-Anne Hathaway (whose dwelling yet remains), his marriage, the birth of
-his three children, his death, and his burial.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus19.jpg" width="500" height="228" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">THE TOWN HALL AND THE SHAKESPEARE HOTEL, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3>A VISIT TO STRATFORD</h3>
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus20.jpg" width="300" height="200" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">A ROOM
-IN THE OLD
-GRAMMAR
-SCHOOL,
-AT STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>I could never forget the emotion with which my mind was thrilled
-when first I took the drive from Warwick to Stratford (1877), and alighted
-at the old Red Horse Hotel. The day had been one of exceptional
-beauty. The long twilight had faded, and the stars were shining when
-that night, for the first time, I stood at the door of the birthplace of
-Shakespeare, and looked on its quaint casements and gables, its antique
-porch, and the massive timbers that cross its front. I conjure up the
-vision now, as I saw it then. I stand there for a long while, and feel that
-I shall remember these sights forever. Then, with lingering steps, I turn
-away, and, passing through a narrow, crooked lane, I walk in the High
-Street, and note at the end of the prospect the illuminated clock in a
-dark church-tower. A few chance-directed steps bring me to what was
-New Place once, where Shakespeare died, and there again I pause and
-long remain in meditation, gazing into the inclosed garden, where, under
-screens of wire, are fragments of mortar and stone. These&mdash;although I
-do not know it&mdash;are the remains of the foundations of Shakespeare’s
-house. The night wanes, but still I walk in Stratford streets, and by and
-by I am standing on the bridge that spans the Avon, and looking down
-at the thick-clustered stars reflected in the dark and silent stream. At
-last, under the roof of the Red Horse, I sink into a troubled slumber,
-from which soon a strain of celestial music, strong, sweet, jubilant, and
-splendid, awakens me in an instant, and I start up in bed,&mdash;to find that
-all around me is as still as death; and then, drowsily, far off, the bell strikes
-three, in that weird, grim, lonesome church-tower which I have just seen.</p>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus21a.jpg" width="400" height="246" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">NEW PLACE
-GARDENS
-STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-
-<p class="caption">Where
-Shakespeare’s
-house
-stood</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3>THE RED HORSE HOTEL</h3>
-
-<p>Many times since that first night at Stratford I have rested in the
-old Red Horse, and nowhere, in a large experience of travel, have I found
-a more homelike abode. It is a storied dwelling, too; for it was an inn
-when Shakespeare lived. It is believed to have been known to those old
-poets Michael Drayton and Ben Jonson; Betterton is said to have lodged
-in it when he visited Stratford, to glean information about the great
-dramatist of whose chief characters his age esteemed him the supremely
-best interpreter; Garrick knew the house when he was in Stratford in
-1769 to conduct the Shakespeare Jubilee; and in later years it has harbored
-scores of renowned persons from every part of the world. Washington
-Irving, revered as the father of American literature, was a lodger
-there in 1817, and wrote about it in his companionable “Sketch Book,”
-and the parlor that he then occupied has ever since borne his name and
-been embellished with picture and relic commemorative of his visit. The
-pilgrim loses much benefit and pleasure by carelessly speeding through
-the Shakespeare Country, as many excursionists do. It is far better to
-repose in the Red Horse, or some other cozy retreat, and spend many days
-in rambling about the neighborhood. To the lover of the works of Shakespeare
-the experience is one of the most profitable that life affords.</p>
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<p class="caption">NEW PLACE,
-STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-
-<p class="caption">The last
-residence of
-Shakespeare.
-Only the site
-now remains</p>
-
-<img src="images/illus21b.jpg" width="300" height="191" alt="" />
-
-<p class="captionleft">From an Old Drawing</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3>STONELEIGH AND CHARLECOTE</h3>
-
-<p>In driving from Warwick to Stratford the traveler obtains a distant
-glimpse of Stoneleigh Abbey, one of the fine baronial homes of England,
-the residence of Lord Leigh, and at a certain stile, near Charlecote House,
-the carriage is halted, so that the spacious park of Charlecote can be
-crossed on foot by a passenger who may wish to see the place where, as
-legend has long affirmed, Shakespeare killed the deer of Sir Thomas
-Lucy, thereby incurring enmity and punishment. The story lacks proof.
-No deer were kept by Sir Thomas at Charlecote,&mdash;though now they are
-numerous there,&mdash;but they were kept by him at Fullbrook, a park that
-he owned, not very far from Charlecote, and it is not impossible that
-Shakespeare and his comrades, in the wildness of frolicsome youth, did
-poach upon his preserves. Tradition, in all old English country places,
-has, when tested, often been found entirely worthy of credence.</p>
-
-<h3>STRATFORD OLD AND NEW</h3>
-
-<p>The Stratford of the sixteenth century, though then nearly 300
-years old, was merely a village. The houses were chiefly of the one-story
-kind, made of timber. The inhabitants were in number about
-1,400: indeed, the whole population of England was not so numerous as
-that of London is now. If Shakespeare could revisit his old haunts,
-though he would see the same green, rose-decked, and poppy-spangled
-countryside that once he
-knew, and hear the ripple
-of the Avon softly flowing
-between its grassy banks,
-he would miss many objects
-once familiar to him, and
-he would be conscious of
-much change,&mdash;in many
-ways for the better. Yet
-there are the paths in
-which he often trod; there
-is the school in which he
-was taught; there is the
-garden of the mansion that he once owned, and in which he
-died and there is the ancient church that enshrines his tomb.</p>
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus22a.jpg" width="300" height="196" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">THOMAS NASH’S HOUSE, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</p>
-
-<p class="caption">Nash was the husband of Shakespeare’s only granddaughter.
-The house stands next to New Place</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>The Birthplace, as it is now designated, is a two-story cottage made
-of timber and plaster, with dormer windows in its sloping, attic roof. It
-was originally a finer house than most of its neighbors. Its age is
-unknown. John Shakespeare, William’s father, bought it in 1556 and
-occupied it till his death, in 1601, when it became William’s property by
-inheritance. By him it was bequeathed to his sister, Joan, Mrs. William
-Hart. It has passed through many ownerships and has been materially
-changed; but parts of it remain as originally they were, particularly the
-room on the ground floor, in which there is a large fireplace, with seats
-in the brick chimney jambs, and also the one immediately above it, the best
-room in the house, in which, according to ancient tradition, the poet was
-born. In that room there is a chair, of the sixteenth century.</p>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus22b.jpg" width="400" height="270" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">ROOM
-IN WHICH,
-ACCORDING
-TO
-TRADITION,
-SHAKESPEARE
-WAS
-BORN</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>The original window remains, a threefold casement, containing sixty
-panes of glass, on which many visitors have scratched their names with
-diamonds. No writing, on
-window or walls, is permitted
-now; but in earlier
-times it was allowed, and
-it was customary. Sir
-Walter Scott scratched
-his name on the window,&mdash;“W.
-Scott.” Byron
-wrote on the ceiling, which
-is low, as also did Thackeray.
-Byron’s name has
-disappeared. Dickens
-wrote on one of the walls.
-The names of many actors,
-including those of
-Edmund Kean and Edwin
-Booth, are inscribed on the chimney-jamb at the right of the fireplace.
-Booth was specially requested to write his name there, “high up.” That
-jamb is called “The Actors’ Pillar.”</p>
-
-<p>The Birthplace was purchased for the nation in 1847&mdash;the American
-museum and circus manager P. T. Barnum having alarmed England by
-proposing to buy and remove it to America. New Place and Anne Hathaway’s
-Cottage, at Shottery, about a mile west of Stratford, have since
-then been purchased, and those properties are now administered as
-a trust for the public.</p>
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus23a.jpg" width="300" height="200" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">THE HOME OF SHAKESPEARE’S MOTHER</p>
-
-<p class="caption">The Mary Arden Cottage at Wilmcote, a little village near Stratford</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>New Place, the finest mansion in the town when Shakespeare bought
-it, was destroyed in 1759 by order of Rev. Thomas Gastrell, its owner at
-that time, who had been annoyed by many visitors, thronging to see his
-house and to sit under
-a mulberry tree in his
-garden, believed to
-have been planted and
-reared by Shakespeare.
-The tree was cut down
-by Mr. Gastrell; but a
-reputed “grandson” of
-it is growing there now.
-Nothing remains of the
-building except its
-foundation, long buried,
-but later exhumed,
-and now carefully preserved.
-The house was
-situated directly opposite
-the Guild Chapel, a relic of the thirteenth century, and one of the
-most venerable and pictorial of the towered churches of England.
-Shakespeare hired two sittings in that church, and when he lived in New
-Place he must have seen it almost continually. Next to the church is the
-Grammar School, established in 1482, which there is every reason to
-believe he attended in his boyhood. The building has been tastefully
-“restored” to its original condition: the schoolroom has not been altered.</p>
-
-<h3>ANNE HATHAWAY’S COTTAGE</h3>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus23b.jpg" width="300" height="212" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">ANNE
-HATHAWAY’S
-COTTAGE,
-SHOTTERY:
-FROM THE
-BROOK.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>The Hathaway Cottage, to which the flower-bordered path is an
-ancient “right of way,” through gardens and meadows that Shakespeare
-must often have traversed, is an exceptionally fine specimen of the timber-crossed,
-thatch-roofed dwelling of the Tudor period. It stands in a large
-garden, is shaded by tall trees, and is prettily clad with woodbine, ivy,
-wild roses, and maiden’s blush. In one of the upper chambers a large,
-antique, carved four-post bedstead is shown, as having been used by
-Anne Hathaway. It is possible that William and Anne lived in that
-cottage immediately
-after their marriage,
-which occurred in 1582.
-He was eighteen, she
-was twenty-six. The
-bond (a document required
-in those days
-to obtain authorization
-of wedlock) is preserved
-and may be inspected
-in the Edgar Tower at
-Worcester, where I saw
-it in 1889. The actual
-record of their marriage
-is supposed to have
-perished in a fire (before
-1600) which, consuming
-the church of
-Ludington, a village
-near Shottery, destroyed
-the registers of
-that parish.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="clear: both;">
-
-<div class="figmulti" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus24a.jpg" width="300" height="168" alt="" />
-
-<p class="captionleft">From an Old Drawing</p>
-
-<p class="caption">THE HOUSE IN WHICH SHAKESPEARE WAS BORN</p>
-
-<p class="caption">At Stratford-upon-Avon</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="figmulti" style="width: 300px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus24c.jpg" width="300" height="160" alt="" />
-
-<p class="captionleft">From an Old Drawing</p>
-
-<p class="caption">THE JUBILEE BOOTH</p>
-
-<p class="caption">At Stratford-upon-Avon</p>
-
-</div>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus24b.jpg" width="400" height="200" alt="" />
-
-<p class="captionleft">From an Old Drawing</p>
-
-<p class="caption">THE BEAR GARDEN AND THE GLOBE THEATER IN LONDON</p>
-
-<p class="caption">The first named at the extreme left of the picture and the second at
-the extreme right</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>Shakespeare was
-poor, when (1585) he
-went to London, and
-I venture the conjecture
-that when he
-returned to Stratford
-he found his wife and
-children dwelling at
-either the Hathaway
-Cottage or the home
-of his friends Hamnet
-and Judith Sadler,
-after whom his latest
-born children, Hamnet
-and Judith, twins, were
-named. The Hathaway
-Cottage seems
-vitally associated with
-him, as is still another
-old timbered house, the
-home of his mother, Mary Arden,
-which may be seen on the outskirts
-of the village of Wilmcote, situated
-about four miles northwest of Stratford,&mdash;an
-easy, pleasant walk.</p>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 209px;">
-
-<img src="images/illus25.jpg" width="209" height="300" alt="" />
-
-<p class="caption">THE AVENUE TO THE CHURCH</p>
-
-<p class="caption">Stratford-upon-Avon</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3>THE COUNTRY ROUND ABOUT</h3>
-
-<p>Indeed, there is scarce an end to
-the variety of pleasant walks feasible
-in the Shakespeare Country, and I
-have found it specially suggestive of
-agreeable thoughts and feelings to
-stroll in many directions and for
-many miles around Stratford, and to
-fancy the presence of Shakespeare
-himself rambling, as probably his
-custom was, over all the countryside.
-How else could he have gained the
-minute knowledge that is manifested
-in his plays of Warwickshire names,
-localities, characters, customs, and
-the many peculiarities of foliage and
-flower that distinguish the Warwickshire
-clime? The “palm” that <i>Orlando</i>
-finds in the Forest of Arden in “As You Like It” is not an oriental palm,
-but a tree so named that grows now and has always grown on the banks
-of the Avon. “Christopher Sly, of Burton Heath” and “Marian Hacket,
-the fat ale-wife of Wincot” are types of Warwickshire peasantry, which
-no doubt Shakespeare saw. Barton Heath and Wincot are places not
-distant from his home.</p>
-
-<p>To trace the course of Shakespeare from his birth to his death, is to
-gain knowledge and wisdom. It is wisely written by the poet Tennyson
-that “Things seen are mightier than things heard.”</p>
-
-<h3>SUPPLEMENTARY READING</h3>
-
-<table summary="books">
-  <tr>
-    <td>SHAKESPEARE’S ENGLAND</td><td class="tdr"><i>By William Winter</i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="smaller">A most interesting and beautifully illustrated book.</td><td></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS IN SHAKESPEARE’S COUNTRY</td><td class="tdr"><i>By W. H. Hutton</i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="smaller">With numerous illustrations by Edmund H. New.</td><td></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>THE WARWICKSHIRE AVON</td><td class="tdr"><i>By A. T. Quiller-Couch</i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td class="smaller">Illustrated by Alfred Parsons.</td><td></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>SHAKESPEARE’S TOWN AND TIME</td><td class="tdr"><i>By H. S. Ward and C. W. B. Ward</i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>SHAKESPEARE’S LONDON</td><td class="tdr"><i>By T. F. Ordish</i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>SHAKESPEARE’S LOVE STORY</td><td class="tdr"><i>By A. B. McMahon</i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>RELIQUES OF STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</td><td class="tdr"><i>Compiled by A. E. Way</i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>SEEN AND UNSEEN AT STRATFORD-UPON-AVON</td><td class="tdr"><i>By W. D. Howells</i></td>
-  </tr>
-  <tr>
-    <td>SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD</td><td class="tdr"><i>By H. C. Shelley</i></td>
-  </tr>
-</table>
-
-<p class="center smaller">⁂ Information concerning the above books may be had on application to the Editor of the Mentor.</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="bordered">
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 30px;">
-<img src="images/book-small.jpg" width="30" height="30" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<h2 style="clear: none;">THE OPEN LETTER</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="figleft" style="width: 479px;">
-<img src="images/illus26.jpg" width="479" height="700" alt="Map of Stratford on Avon" />
-
-<p class="caption">STRATFORD ON AVON</p>
-
-<p class="caption">Reproduced from W. H. Hutton’s “Highways and Byways in Shakespeare’s
-Country.” Published by The MacMillan Co.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p>The saying
-goes in theatrical
-circles that
-Shakespeare
-“doesn’t pay.”
-And yet the editions
-of Shakespeare
-outnumber
-those of
-any other book
-except the Bible,
-and many new
-editions appear
-each season.
-It seems then
-that though we
-read Shakespeare
-we do not
-go to see his
-plays performed.
-Apparently it
-pays a publisher
-to place Shakespeare
-on the
-shelf, but it does
-not pay a producer
-to place
-him on the stage.</p>
-
-<div class="figcenter" style="clear: right;">
-<img src="images/stars.jpg" width="100" height="19" alt="(decorative)" />
-</div>
-
-<p>I cannot accept
-this statement
-without qualification,
-for I have
-known years&mdash;not
-far back&mdash;when Shakespeare was a
-regular and profitable feature of the stage.
-My knowledge of Shakespeare on the stage
-began with Edwin Booth, Lawrence Barrett,
-Henry Irving, John McCullough,
-Salvini and the famous women, Modjeska,
-Ellen Terry, and others who were their
-associates in dramatic art. In recent years
-I have listened to Mantell, Mansfield,
-Sothern and Marlowe. I have seen some
-of these players many times in their
-favorite roles. I am sure that there are
-few modern plays compelling enough
-in interest to draw one to see them more
-than a half dozen times. But it was a
-common thing a few years ago to hear
-people say that they had seen Booth or
-Irving a dozen times in a single role.</p>
-
-<p>In those days Shakespeare was played
-not only with profit by the great stars,
-but by stock-companies as well. Augustin
-Daly, during
-several successive,
-and successful,
-years
-produced the
-Comedies with
-his strong company.
-And these
-were not gala
-performances.
-They were steady
-going attractions.
-In reckoning
-stage successes
-today, we consider
-a run of
-100 nights a matter
-for celebration.
-In his
-time, Edwin
-Booth played
-“Hamlet” for
-100 nights in
-succession in one
-New York theater,
-and Irving
-played “The
-Merchant of
-Venice” for the
-greater part of
-a whole season.
-Runs of a single
-play of Shakespeare
-for several weeks were not uncommon.</p>
-
-<p>But still they say today that Shakespeare
-on the stage does not pay. That
-means, of course, that we folks of today
-do not go to hear Shakespeare. Why
-don’t we go? We did when Booth, Barrett,
-Irving and Salvini played. And if
-Henry Irving should bring us today a production
-of The Merchant of Venice such as
-he made familiar to the theater-goers of
-his time, Shakespeare would pay again.
-If we do not go to hear Shakespeare played
-it is because we want Shakespeare only
-when it is produced and played <i>as well
-as Shakespeare reads</i>. When a man of
-genius and imagination gives us Shakespeare
-as “big as we find him in his
-plays,” we will surely go to hear him on
-the stage today&mdash;as our parents did in former
-days, and as we
-did yesterday.</p>
-
-<div class="figright" style="width: 200px;">
-<img src="images/signature.jpg" width="200" height="94" alt="(signature)" />
-<p class="caption">W. D. Moffat<br />
-<span class="smcap">Editor</span></p>
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="bbox-double">
-
-<p class="center larger"><span class="smcap">The Mentor Association</span></p>
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-IDA M. TARBELL, GUSTAV KOBBÉ, DEAN C. WORCESTER, JOHN K. MUMFORD, W. J.
-HOLLAND, LORADO TAFT, KENYON COX, E. H. FORBUSH, H. E. KREHBIEL, SAMUEL ISHAM,
-BURGES JOHNSON, STEPHEN BONSAL, JAMES HUNEKER, W. J. HENDERSON, AND OTHERS.</p>
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