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diff --git a/old/51607-0.txt b/old/51607-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 105eb3d..0000000 --- a/old/51607-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1347 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Address delivered at the quarter-centennial -celebration of the admission of Kansas as a, by John Alexander Martin - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Address delivered at the quarter-centennial celebration of the admission of Kansas as a state - -Author: John Alexander Martin - -Release Date: March 30, 2016 [EBook #51607] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS--25TH CENTENN--KANSAS AS STATE *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - ADDRESS - DELIVERED AT THE - QUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION - OF THE - ADMISSION OF KANSAS AS A STATE, - - - BY - - GOV. JOHN A. MARTIN. - - Topeka, Kansas, January 29th, 1886. - - - - - TOPEKA: - KANSAS PUBLISHING HOUSE, - 1886. - - - - - THE DEVELOPMENT OF KANSAS: - - AN ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE QUARTER-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF THE - ADMISSION OF KANSAS, TOPEKA, JANUARY 29, 1886, - BY GOVERNOR JOHN A. MARTIN. - - _Mr. Chairman, and Ladies and Gentlemen_: - -In Grecian mythology it is related that Zeus, warned by an oracle that -the son of his spouse, Metis, would snatch supremacy from him, swallowed -both Metis and her unborn child. When the time of birth arrived, Zeus -felt a violent pain in his head, and in his agony requested Hephæstus to -cleave the head open with an ax. His request was complied with, and from -the brain of the great god sprang Athena, full-armed, and with a mighty -war-shout. She at once assumed a high place among the divinities of -Olympus. She first took part in the discussions of the gods as an -opponent of the savage Ares. She gave counsel to her father against the -giants; and she slew Enceládus, the most powerful of those who conspired -against Zeus, and buried him under Mt. Ætna. She became the patron of -heroism among men, and her active and original genius inspired their -employment. The agriculturist and the mechanic were under her special -protection, and the philosopher, the poet and the orator delighted in -her favor. The ægis was in her helmet, and she represented the -ether—pure air. She was worshipped at Athens because she caused the -olive to grow on the bare rock of the Acropolis. She was also the -protectress of the arts of peace among women. She bore in her hand the -spool, the spindle, and the needle, and she invented and excelled in all -the work of women. She was the goddess of wisdom and the symbol of -thought; she represented military skill and civic prudence. In war she -was heroic and invincible; in peace she was wise, strong, inventive, and -industrious. - - - THE ATHENA OF AMERICAN STATES. - -Kansas is the Athena of American States. Thirty-six years ago the Slave -Oligarchy ruled this country. Fearing that the birth of new States in -the West would rob it of supremacy, the Slave Power swallowed the -Missouri Compromise, which had dedicated the Northwest to Freedom. The -industrious North, aroused and indignant, struck quick and hard, and -Kansas, full-armed, shouting the war-cry of Liberty, and nerved with -invincible courage, sprang into the Union. She at once assumed a high -place among the States. She was the deadly enemy of Slavery; she gave -voice and potency to the demand for its abolition; and she aided in -burying Secession in its unhonored grave. The war over, she became the -patron, as she had been during its continuance the exemplar, of heroism, -and a hundred thousand soldiers of the Union found homes within the -shelter of her embracing arms. The agriculturist and the mechanic were -charmed by her ample resources and inspired by her eager enterprise. -Education found in her a generous patron, and to literature, art and -science she has been a steadfast friend. Her pure atmosphere invigorated -all. A desert disfigured the map of the Continent, and she covered it -with fields of golden wheat and tasseling corn. She has extended to -women the protection of generous laws and of enlarged opportunities for -usefulness. In war she was valiant and indomitable, and in peace she has -been intelligent, energetic, progressive and enterprising. The modern -Athena, type of the great Greek goddess, is our Kansas. - - - THE CHILD OF A GREAT ERA. - -It is not a long lapse of time since the 29th of January, 1861. A boy -born during that eventful year cast his first Presidential vote at the -last election. But no other period of the world's history has been so -fertile in invention, so potential in thought, so restless and -aggressive in energy, or so crowded with sublime achievements, as the -quarter-century succeeding the admission of Kansas as a State. During -that period occurred the greatest war the world has ever known. An -industrious, self-governed, peace-loving people, transfigured by the -inspiration of patriotism and freedom, became, within a twelve-month, a -Nation of trained and disciplined warriors. Human slavery, entrenched -for centuries in law, tradition, wealth, and the pride of race, was -annihilated, and five million slaves were clothed with the powers and -responsibilities of citizenship. The continent was girdled with railroad -and telegraph lines. In 1860 there were only 31,186 miles of railway in -the United States; there are now fully 130,000 miles. Less than 50,000 -miles of telegraph wires were stretched at the date of the admission of -Kansas; there are now nearly 300,000 miles. The telephone and the -electric light are fruits of this period, and the improvements and -inventions in farm implements, in books and newspapers, in all the -appliances of mechanical industry, and in the arts and sciences, have -revolutionized nearly every department of human activity. - -When this marvelous era dawned upon the world, Kansas was a fiction of -the geographers. On the map of our country it was marked as a desert, -and the few explorers who had penetrated its vast solitudes described it -as an arid and sandy waste, fit only for the wild bison or the wilder -Indian. There it had lain for centuries, voiceless and changeless, -waiting for the miracle of civilization to touch and transform it. - -The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill made Kansas the central figure -in a tremendous conflict. It became not only the child of a marvelous -epoch, and heir to all the progress, the achievements and the glory of -that epoch, but it stood for an idea; it represented a principle; and -that idea and principle thrilled the heart and awakened the conscience -of the Nation. That a State cradled amid such events, schooled during -such a period, and inspired by such sentiments, should, in its growth -and development, illustrate these mighty energies and impulses, was -inevitable. The Kansas of to-day is only the logical sequence of the -influences and agencies that have surrounded, shaped and directed every -step and stage of the States material and administrative progress. - - - NOT THE HISTORIAN. - -I am not, however, the historian of this occasion. Very properly the -committee assigned to my honored predecessor, the first Governor of the -State—who has been with and of it during all the lights and shadows of -thirty-one revolving years—the duty of presenting an historical sketch -of the difficulties and dangers through which Kansas was "added to the -stars," and became one of the brightest in the constellation of the -Union. To me was allotted another task—that of presenting, as briefly -and as clearly as I am able, the material development of Kansas, and her -present condition and position. It is at once a delightful and a -difficult task. The growth of Kansas is a theme which has always -enlisted my interest and excited my pride. But I cannot hope to present -any adequate picture of the Kansas you know so well—the Kansas of your -love and of your faith; the imperial young State, at once the enigma and -the wonder of American commonwealths. - - - THREE PERIODS OF DEVELOPMENT. - -The development of Kansas, it seems to me, has had three periods, which -may properly be called the decades of War, of Uncertainty, and of -Triumph. From 1855 to 1865, Kansas was an armed camp. The border -troubles, outbreaking late in 1854, continued until the rebellion was -inaugurated. Kansas, in fact, began the war six years before the Nation -had fired a shot, and the call to arms in 1861 found here a singularly -martial people, who responded with unparalleled enthusiasm to the -President's demands for men. In less than a year ten full regiments were -organized, and before the close of the war Kansas had sent over twenty -thousand soldiers to the field, out of a population of but little more -than a hundred thousand. Fields, workshops, offices and schools were -deserted, and the patient and heroic women who had kept weary vigils -during all the dark and desolate days of the border troubles, now waited -in their lonely home for tidings from the larger field of the civil war. - -It is doubtful whether Kansas increased, either in population or wealth, -from 1861 to 1864. But the young State grew in public interest and -reputation, and when the heroic men, whose valor and patriotism had -saved the Republic, began to be mustered out, Kansas offered an inviting -field for their energy, and they came hither in great numbers. The -population of the State, which was 107,206 in 1860, had increased to -140,179 in 1865. The assessed value of its property increased from -$22,518,232 to $36,110,000 during the same period, and the land in farms -from 1,778,400 to 3,500,000 acres. It was not a "boom," nor was it -stagnation and decay. Yet it is probable that nearly the whole of the -growth shown by these figures dates from the Spring of 1864. - -The real development of Kansas began in 1865, and it has known few -interruptions since. The census of 1870 showed a population of -364,399—an increase of 124,220 in five years, or nearly double the -population of 1865. Railroad building also began in 1865, and 1,283 -miles were completed by 1870. The home-returning soldiers and the -railroads came together. Immigrants to other States came in slow-moving -canal boats or canvas-covered wagons, but they came to Kansas in the -lightning express, and most of them went to their claims in comfortable -cars drawn by that marvel of modern mechanism, the locomotive. Our State -has never had a "coon-skin cap" population. It is the child of the -prairies, not of the forest. It has always attracted men of -intelligence, who knew a good thing when they saw it. They brought with -them the school, the church and the printing press; they planted an -orchard and a grove as soon as they had harvested their first crop; and -if they were compelled to live in a dug-out the first year or two, they -were reasonably certain to own a comfortable house the third. - - - THE PERIOD OF UNCERTAINTY. - -The period from 1865 to 1875 was, however, a period of uncertainty. -Kansas remained an experiment. The drouth and grasshopper invasion of -1860, a menacing memory for many years, had just begun to grow dim when -the drouth of 1873 and the still more disastrous drouth and locust -invasion of 1874 revived its recollection, and intensified the -uncertainty it had inspired. The intervening years were not, it is true, -without their exaltation and triumphs. Luxuriant harvests followed the -disaster of 1860, year after year in unbroken succession, until 1873, -and we indulged in much jubilant boasting and self-gratulation over our -fruitful soil, our benign climate, and our gracious seasons. But over -and through it all brooded and ran a feeling of question or uncertainty, -which manifested itself in many ways. The newspapers, while affecting to -sneer at those who did not believe Kansas to be a country where rains -always came just when they were wanted, nevertheless recorded every rain -with suspicious prominence. Even the corner-lot speculator watched the -clouds while he was denouncing the slanderers who asserted that Kansas -was "a dry country." "Methinks the lady doth protest too much," might -have been said of the Kansans who, from 1865 to 1875, vehemently -maintained that the normal condition of Kansas was that of a quagmire. - -And in the midst of it all came 1873 and 1874, with their twin -devastations and calamities. A fierce sun rose and set for months in a -cloudless sky; the parched earth shrank and cracked; and the crops -withered and shriveled in winds as hot as the breath of a furnace. But -as if the destruction thus wrought was not enough, out from the -northwest came clouds of insects, darkening the sun in their baleful -flight, and leaving the very abomination of desolation wherever they -alighted. It was then that the bravest quailed, and our sturdiest -farmers abandoned all hope. Thousands of people, now among our most -prosperous citizens, would have sold everything they possessed for -one-sixth of its value, during the year 1874, and abandoned the State -forever. But they could find no purchasers, even at such a price. - -Somehow—and I mention the fact to their everlasting credit—many of the -newspapers of Kansas never lost heart or hope during that distressful -season. They lauded the State more earnestly, if possible, than ever -before. They asserted, with vehement iteration, that the season was -exceptional and phenomenal. They exhorted the people to keep up courage, -and confidently predicted abundant harvests next year. And to their -influence more than any other, is due the fact that Kansas survived the -drouth and grasshopper invasion of 1874 with so little loss of -population. - - - THE PERIOD OF TRIUMPH. - -The period of triumph began in 1875. While the world was still talking -of our State as a drouth-powdered and insect-eaten country, Kansas was -preparing for the Centennial, and getting ready for a great future. And -in 1876, she sprang into the arena of Nations with a display of her -products and resources which eclipsed them all, and excited the wonder -and admiration of the whole civilized earth. - -From that time to this the development of Kansas has never known a halt, -nor have the hopes of our citizens ever been troubled by a doubt. More -permanent and costly homes have been builded, more stately public -edifices have been reared, more substantial improvements have been made -on farms and in towns, more wealth has been accumulated, during the -decade beginning in 1875, than during the two previous decades. No -citizen of Kansas, from that day to this, has ever written a letter, -made a speech, or talked at home or abroad, with his fellow-citizens or -with strangers, without exalting the resources and glorifying the -greatness of the State. No Legislature, since that time, has ever -doubted the ability of the State to do anything it pleased to do. - -A new Kansas has been developed during that period. The youth of 1875 -has grown to the full stature and strength of confident and intelligent -manhood. The people have forgotten to talk of drouths, which are no more -incident to Kansas than to Ohio or Illinois. They no longer watch the -clouds when rain has not fallen for two weeks. The newspapers no longer -chronicle rains as if they were uncommon visitations. A great many -things, besides the saloons, have gone, and gone to stay. The -bone-hunter and the buffalo-hunter of the plains, the Indian and his -reservations, the jayhawker and the Wild Bills, the Texas steer and the -cowboy, the buffalo grass and the dug-outs, the loneliness and immensity -of the unpeopled prairies, the infinite stretching of the plains, -unbroken by tree or shrub, by fence or house—all these have vanished, or -are rapidly vanishing. In their stead has come, and come to stay, an -aggressive, energetic, cultured, sober, law-respecting civilization. -Labor-saving machines sweep majestically through fields of golden wheat -or sprouting corn; blooded stock lazily feed in meadows of blue-stem, -timothy, or clover; comfortable houses dot every hill-top and valley; -forests, orchards and hedge-rows diversify the loveliness of the -landscape; and where isolation and wildness brooded, the majestic lyric -of prosperous industry is echoing over eighty-one thousand square miles -of the loveliest and most fertile country that the sun, in his daily -journey, lights and warms. The voiceless Sphynx of thirty years ago has -become the whispering-gallery of the continent. The oppressed Territory -of 1855, the beggared State of 1874, has become a Prince, ruling the -markets of the world with opulent harvests. - - - THE FACTS OF THE CENSUS. - -I am not, in thus exalting the growth and prosperity of Kansas, speaking -recklessly, as I shall show by statistics compiled from the census and -agricultural reports of the United States and our own State. Figures are -always dry, I know. But when they tell the pleasant story of the march -of civilization into and over a new land, surely they cannot fail to -interest men and women who have themselves marched with this conquering -army of industry and peace. - - - THE GROWTH OF KANSAS WITHOUT PARALLEL. - -The growth of Kansas has had no parallel. The great States of New York -and Pennsylvania were nearly a hundred and fifty years in attaining a -population Kansas has reached in thirty years. Kentucky was eighty -years, Tennessee seventy-five, Alabama ninety, Ohio forty-five, and -Massachusetts, New Jersey, Georgia, and North and South Carolina each -over a hundred years, in reaching the present population of Kansas. Even -the marvelous growth of the great States of the West has been surpassed -by that of Kansas. Illinois was organized as a Territory in 1810, and -thirty years later had only 691,392 inhabitants, or not much more than -one-half the present population of this State. Indiana was organized in -1800, and sixty years later had a population of only 1,350,428. Iowa was -organized as a Territory in 1838, and had, at that date, a population of -nearly 40,000. In 1870 it had only 1,194,020 inhabitants. Missouri was -organized in 1812, with a population of over 40,000, and fifty years -later had only 1,182,012. Michigan and Wisconsin, after fifty years of -growth, did not have as many people as Kansas has to-day; and Texas, -admitted into the Union in 1845, with a population of 150,000, had, -thirty-five years later, only 815,579 inhabitants. - -In 1861 Kansas ranked in population as the thirty-third State of the -Union; in 1870 it was the twenty-ninth; in 1880 the twentieth; and it is -now the fifteenth. During the past quarter of a century Kansas has -outstripped Oregon, Rhode Island, Delaware, Florida, Arkansas, Vermont, -New Hampshire, Connecticut, Maine, Minnesota, Maryland, Mississippi, -California, North and South Carolina, Alabama, Wisconsin, and New -Jersey—all States before the 29th of January, 1861. Of the Northern -States only eight, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, -Massachusetts, Michigan, and Iowa, and of the Southern States only six, -Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Virginia, and Texas, now outrank -Kansas in population. At the close of the present decade Kansas will, I -am confident, rank as the eleventh State of the American Union, and will -round out the Nineteenth Century as the sixth or seventh. - -In the following table the population of Kansas, as shown by the first -census of the Territory, taken in January, 1855, and the official -enumerations made every five years thereafter, is shown. The figures -also exhibit the proportion of white and colored, and of native and -foreign-born inhabitants; the increase of population every five years, -and the density of population per square mile of territory at the close -of each period. The State census taken in 1865, however, did not show -the proportion of native and foreign-born citizens: - - ═══════╤═════════╤════════╤════════╤═════════╤═══════╤═════════╤═════════ - _Year._│ _Total │ _In- │_Density│ _White │ _Col- │ _Native │_Foreign- - │ popu- │crease._│of popu-│ popu- │ored._ │ popu- │ born._ - │lation._ │ │lation._│lation._ │ │lation._ │ - ───────┼─────────┼────────┼────────┼─────────┼───────┼─────────┼───────── - 1855 │ 8,601│ ...│ ...│ ...│ ...│ ...│ ... - 1860 │ 107,206│ 98,605│ 1.3│ 106,390│ 816│ 94,512│ 12,694 - 1865 │ 140,179│ 32,973│ 1.6│ 127,270│ 12,909│ ...│ ... - 1870 │ 364,399│ 224,220│ 4.4│ 346,377│ 18,022│ 316,007│ 48,392 - 1875 │ 528,349│ 163,950│ 6.5│ 493,005│ 35,344│ 464,682│ 63,667 - 1880 │ 996,096│ 467,747│ 12.2│ 952,105│ 43,941│ 886,010│ 110,086 - 1885[1]│1,268,562│ 272,466│ 15.4│1,220,355│ 48,207│1,135,887│ 132,675 - ───────┴─────────┴────────┴────────┴─────────┴───────┴─────────┴───────── - -Footnote 1: - - Census of March, 1885. - - - TOWNS AND CITIES. - -In 1860 there were only ten towns and cities in Kansas having a -population in excess of 500 each; only three having over 1,000 each; and -only one having over 5,000 inhabitants. In 1880, ninety-nine towns each -had a population in excess of 500; fifty-five towns and cities had each -over 1,000 inhabitants; six had each over 5,000; and three had over -15,000 each. In 1885, each of one hundred and fifty-four towns had over -500 population; ninety-one towns and cities had each over 1,000; twelve -had each over 5,000; six had each over 10,000; four had each over -15,000; and two had each more than 20,000. - - - ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF THE POPULATION. - -The origin and character of the population in Kansas is, in this -connection, worthy of special note. Every State in the Union and every -Territory except Alaska, contributed to the population of this State. -The United States census of 1880 shows that 233,066 persons born in -Kansas were then living in the State. The singular fact that native-born -Kansans were then living in every State and Territory, is shown by the -same authority. Illinois contributed 106,992 to our population; Ohio, -93,396; Indiana, 77,096; Missouri, 60,228; Pennsylvania, 59,236; Iowa, -55,972; New York, 43,779; and Kentucky, 32,979. Three other States, -Tennessee, Virginia, and Wisconsin, each contributed over 15,000; and -all others less than that number. - -The same authority shows that the so-called "exodus" from the South has -been greatly exaggerated, Louisiana and Mississippi furnishing only -4,067 of our colored population, while nearly 19,000 came from the three -States of Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee. - -The colored people constitute, at the present time, less than four per -cent. of our total population, and the inhabitants of foreign birth a -little more than ten per cent. of the total. - - - THE MATERIAL RESOURCES OF KANSAS. - -The growth of our State in population has not, however, equalled the -development of its material resources. The United States census of 1880 -shows that while Kansas, at that date, ranked as the twentieth State in -population, it was the eighth State in the number and value of its live -stock, the seventeenth in farm products, the fourteenth in value of farm -products per capita, the twentieth in wealth, the thirteenth in -education, the seventeenth in the amount of its indebtedness, State and -municipal, and the twenty-fourth in manufactures. Only one State, -Nebraska, shows a smaller proportion of persons unable to read and -write. And in twenty-eight of the forty-seven States and Territories, -taxation, per capita, was greater than it is in Kansas. - -In 1880 Kansas was the sixth corn-producing State of the Union. Only -Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Indiana, and Ohio then produced larger crops -of this cereal. But the corn product of Kansas, that year, was only -101,421,718 bushels, while for the year 1885 it was 194,130,814 bushels, -or nearly double the crop of 1880. - - - AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. - -In the following table the aggregate of the corn, wheat, oats, potato, -and hay products of Kansas, for the years 1860 and 1865, and for each -year thereafter, is given. The figures, prior to 1875, are compiled from -the reports of the United States Department of Agriculture; those -following, from the reports of the secretary of our own State Board of -Agriculture: - - ═══════╤═══════════╤══════════╤══════════╤══════════╤══════════ - _Year._│ _Corn, │ _Wheat, │ _Oats, │_Potatoes,│ _Hay, - │ bushels._ │bushels._ │bushels._ │bushels._ │ tons._ - ───────┼───────────┼──────────┼──────────┼──────────┼────────── - 1860 │ 6,130,727│ 194,173│ 88,325│ 296,325│ 56,232 - 1865 │ 6,729,236│ 191,519│ 155,290│ 276,720│ 118,348 - 1866 │ 6,527,358│ 260,465│ 200,000│ 243,000│ 123,082 - 1867 │ 8,459,000│ 1,250,000│ 236,000│ 314,000│ 162,000 - 1868 │ 6,487,000│ 1,537,000│ 247,000│ 850,000│ 118,000 - 1869 │ 16,685,000│ 2,343,000│ 1,500,000│ 1,500,000│ 250,000 - 1870 │ 17,025,525│ 2,391,197│ 4,097,925│ 2,342,988│ 490,289 - 1871 │ 24,693,000│ 2,694,000│ 4,056,000│ 3,452,000│ 687,000 - 1872 │ 46,667,451│ 3,062,941│ 6,084,000│ 3,797,000│ 728,000 - 1873 │ 29,683,843│ 5,994,044│ 9,360,000│ 3,000,000│ 977,000 - 1874 │ 15,699,078│ 9,881,383│ 7,847,000│ 4,116,000│ 530,000 - 1875 │ 80,798,769│13,209,403│ 9,794,051│ 4,668,939│ 1,156,412 - 1876 │ 82,308,176│14,629,225│12,386,216│ 5,611,895│ 809,149 - 1877 │103,497,831│14,316,705│12,768,488│ 3,320,507│ 1,228,020 - 1878 │ 89,323,971│32,315,358│17,411,473│ 4,525,419│ 1,507,988 - 1879 │108,704,927│20,550,936│13,326,637│ 3,521,526│ 1,551,321 - 1880 │101,421,718│25,279,884│11,483,796│ 5,310,423│ 1,534,221 - 1881 │ 80,760,542│20,479,679│ 9,900,768│ 2,055,202│ 2,122,263 - 1882 │157,005,722│35,734,846│21,946,284│ 5,081,865│ 2,293,186 - 1883 │182,084,526│30,024,936│30,987,864│ 6,812,420│ 6,002,041 - 1884 │190,870,686│48,050,431│20,087,294│ 7,861,404│ 7,105,132 - 1885 │194,130,814│10,859,401│30,148,060│ 7,398,465│ 7,685,340 - ───────┴───────────┴──────────┴──────────┴──────────┴────────── - -In presenting these figures it is worthy of note that while, as already -stated, the U. S. census reports for 1880 show that Kansas ranked as the -twentieth State in population and the sixth in its corn product, it was -also the eleventh wheat-producing State of the Union, the eleventh in -its oats product, sixteenth in barley, tenth in rye, eighth in hay, and -seventeenth in potatoes. Thus the rank of Kansas, in agricultural -products, was far ahead of her rank in population. - - - THE AREA OF KANSAS. - -The total area of Kansas is 52,288,000 acres. In 1865 only 243,712 acres -of this vast territory were under cultivation; in 1870 the area -aggregated 1,360,000 acres; in 1875, 4,749,900 acres; in 1880, 8,868,884 -acres; and in 1885, 14,252,815 acres. In the following table I have -compiled figures showing the area under cultivation, and the value of -the crops produced in Kansas each year, from 1865 to 1885, inclusive: - - ═══════╤═══════════╤═══════════ - _Year._│ _Acres in │ _Value of - │ crops._ │ crops._ - ───────┼───────────┼─────────── - 1865 │ 243,712│ $5,347,875 - 1866 │ 273,903│ 6,023,849 - 1867 │ 397,622│ 8,129,590 - 1868 │ 562,120│ 10,467,163 - 1869 │ 855,801│ 15,807,550 - 1870 │ 1,360,000│ 18,870,260 - 1871 │ 1,322,734│ 17,335,120 - 1872 │ 1,735,595│ 15,498,770 - 1873 │ 2,530,769│ 28,311,200 - 1874 │ 3,179,616│ 30,842,630 - 1875 │ 4,749,900│ 43,970,494 - 1876 │ 5,035,697│ 45,581,926 - 1877 │ 5,595,304│ 45,597,051 - 1878 │ 6,538,727│ 49,914,434 - 1879 │ 7,769,926│ 60,129,780 - 1880 │ 8,868,884│ 63,111,634 - 1881 │ 9,802,719│ 91,910,439 - 1882 │ 11,043,379│108,177,520 - 1883 │ 11,364,040│106,707,529 - 1884 │ 13,011,333│104,297,010 - 1885 │ 14,252,815│ 92,392,818 - ───────┴───────────┴─────────── - - - VALUE OF FARM CROPS. - -The value of the farm crops of Kansas, for the five years ending with -1870, aggregated $59,298,414; for the next succeeding five years their -value was $135,958,214; for the next five years, $264,334,824; and for -the five years ending with 1885 the farm crops of Kansas aggregated in -value $503,485,316. Thus during the past twenty years the farmers of -Kansas have produced crops whose aggregate value reached the enormous -sum of $963,076,768. - - - FARMS AND FARM PRODUCTS. - -The increase in the value of farms, of farm implements, and of farm -products, (including farm crops, products of live stock, and market -garden, apiarian and horticultural products,) is shown in the following -table. It will be seen that these values have generally doubled every -five years: - - ═══════╤═══════════╤════════════╤═══════════ - _Year._│ _Value of │ _Value of │ - │ farms._ │ farm │ - │ │implements._│ - _Value of farm products._ - ───────┬───────────┬────────────┬─────────── - 1860 │$12,258,239│ $727,694│ $4,878,350 - 1865 │ 24,796,535│ 1,200,720│ 10,653,235 - 1870 │ 90,327,040│ 4,053,312│ 27,630,651 - 1875 │123,852,466│ 7,935,645│ 43,970,414 - 1880 │235,178,936│ 15,652,848│ 84,521,486 - 1885 │408,073,454│ 9,604,117│143,577,018 - ───────┴───────────┴────────────┴─────────── - -The value of the farm products of Kansas, from 1876 to 1880, inclusive, -aggregated $356,557,802, while their value from 1881 to 1885, inclusive, -aggregated the enormous sum of $738,676,912. - - - TAXABLE ACRES. - -The steady development of the State is further illustrated by the -figures showing the increase of taxable acres. In 1860 only 1,778,400 -acres were subject to taxation; in 1865 this area had been enlarged to -3,500,000 acres; in 1870 to 8,480,839 acres; in 1875 to 17,672,187 -acres; in 1880 to 22,386,435 acres; and in 1885 to 27,710,981 acres. - - - LIVE STOCK. - -In the number and value of its live stock, Kansas ranked, in 1880, as -the eighth State of the Union. In 1860 the live stock of Kansas -aggregated in value only a little over three million dollars; in 1865 it -aggregated over seven millions; in 1870, over twenty-three millions; in -1875, nearly twenty-nine millions; in 1880, over sixty-one millions; and -in 1885, nearly one hundred and eighteen million dollars. The following -table gives the number of horses, mules, cows, cattle, sheep, and swine, -and their aggregate value, for the years 1861 and 1865, and every year -thereafter to and including 1885: - - ═══════╤══════════╤══════════╤══════════╤══════════ - _Year._│_Horses._ │ _Mules._ │ _Cows._ │_Cattle._ - │ │ │ │ - │ │ │ │ - ───────┼──────────┼──────────┼──────────┼────────── - 1861 │ 20,344│ 1,496│ 28,550│ 74,905 - 1865 │ 32,469│ 2,490│ 71,996│ 130,307 - 1866 │ 38,968│ 2,863│ 82,075│ 139,428 - 1867 │ 39,968│ 2,936│ 85,120│ 140,560 - 1868 │ 42,859│ 2,405│ 89,461│ 146,399 - 1869 │ 50,573│ 2,597│ 109,142│ 165,430 - 1870 │ 117,786│ 11,786│ 123,440│ 250,527 - 1871 │ 156,000│ 14,900│ 162,000│ 345,000 - 1872 │ 180,900│ 16,300│ 191,100│ 397,400 - 1873 │ 198,900│ 17,400│ 214,000│ 457,000 - 1874 │ 220,700│ 19,100│ 231,000│ 507,200 - 1875 │ 207,376│ 24,964│ 225,028│ 478,295 - 1876 │ 214,811│ 26,421│ 227,274│ 473,350 - 1877 │ 241,208│ 32,628│ 261,642│ 519,346 - 1878 │ 274,450│ 40,564│ 286,241│ 586,002 - 1879 │ 324,766│ 51,981│ 322,020│ 654,443 - 1880 │ 367,589│ 58,303│ 366,640│ 748,672 - 1881 │ 383,805│ 58,780│ 406,706│ 839,751 - 1882 │ 398,678│ 56,654│ 433,381│ 971,116 - 1883 │ 423,426│ 59,262│ 471,548│ 1,133,154 - 1884 │ 461,136│ 64,889│ 530,904│ 1,328,021 - 1885 │ 513,507│ 75,165│ 575,887│ 1,397,131 - ───────┴──────────┴──────────┴──────────┴────────── - - ═══════╤══════════╤══════════╤═══════════ - _Year._│ _Sheep._ │ _Swine._ │ _Value of - │ │ │ live - │ │ │ stock._ - ───────┼──────────┼──────────┼─────────── - 1861 │ 17,569│ 138,224│ $3,332,450 - 1865 │ 82,662│ 95,429│ 7,324,659 - 1866 │ 108,287│ 127,875│ 9,127,306 - 1867 │ 106,287│ 132,750│ 10,081,590 - 1868 │ 101,789│ 140,662│ 9,962,311 - 1869 │ 107,896│ 137,848│ 12,902,830 - 1870 │ 109,088│ 206,587│ 23,173,185 - 1871 │ 115,000│ 304,800│ 31,823,484 - 1872 │ 116,100│ 381,000│ 28,488,704 - 1873 │ 123,000│ 457,200│ 30,013,898 - 1874 │ 141,000│ 484,600│ 31,163,058 - 1875 │ 106,224│ 292,658│ 28,610,257 - 1876 │ 143,962│ 330,355│ 32,489,293 - 1877 │ 205,770│ 704,862│ 33,015,647 - 1878 │ 243,760│ 1,195,014│ 36,913,534 - 1879 │ 311,862│ 1,264,494│ 54,775,497 - 1880 │ 426,492│ 1,281,630│ 61,563,956 - 1881 │ 806,323│ 1,173,199│ 69,814,340 - 1882 │ 978,077│ 1,228,683│ 83,869,199 - 1883 │ 1,154,196│ 1,393,968│104,539,888 - 1884 │ 1,206,297│ 1,953,144│115,645,050 - 1885 │ 875,193│ 2,461,520│117,881,699 - ───────┴──────────┴──────────┴─────────── - - - THE WEALTH OF AN AGRICULTURAL STATE. - -Kansas is an agricultural State. It has no gold or silver, no iron, and -just coal enough to furnish fuel. It is the farmers' and stockmen's -State. Its development simply shows what good old Mother Earth, when in -her happiest vein, can do. "Agriculture," says Colton, "is the most -certain source of strength, wealth, and independence; commerce, in all -emergencies, looks to agriculture both for defense and for supply." The -growth and prosperity of Kansas afford a striking illustration of what -intelligent farmers, with a productive soil and a genial climate for -their workshop, can accomplish—what wealth they can create, what -enterprise they can stimulate. - -It is difficult, however, to comprehend what the figures I have given, -showing the amounts and values of Kansas products, really represent. -When we read that Kansas produced, last year, 194,130,000 bushels of -corn, the nine figures set down do not convey any adequate idea of the -bulk and weight of this crop. But when it is stated that the corn crop -of Kansas for 1885 would fill 485,000 freight cars, and load a train -2,847 miles long—reaching from Ogden, Utah, to Boston—we begin to -comprehend what the figures stand for. - -The wheat crop of the State, last year, was called a failure. It was, -for Kansas. And yet it would fill 31,939 grain cars, and load a train -189 miles in length. The oats crop of the State, for the same year, -would fill 44,335 cars, and load a train 260 miles long; while the hay -crop would load 768,534 cars, making a train 4,510 miles long. - -These four crops of Kansas, for 1885, would fill 1,329,808 grain cars, -and load a train 7,804 miles in length. In other words, the corn, wheat, -oats, and hay produced in Kansas last year would load a train reaching -from Boston to San Francisco by the Union Pacific route, and back again -from San Francisco to Boston by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fé route. - - - COMPARATIVE VALUES. - -In speaking of the value of the farm crops and farm products of Kansas, -I can present a dearer idea of the wealth our farmers have digged out of -the earth by some comparisons. In 1881 the products of all the gold and -silver mines of the United States aggregated only $77,700,000; for 1882 -they aggregated $79,300,000; for 1883, $76,200,000; and for 1884, -$79,600,000—making a total, for those four years, of $312,800,000. The -value of the field crops of Kansas, for the same years, aggregated -$411,092,498; and the farm products of the State for the same period, -aggregated in value $595,099,894—or very nearly double the aggregate of -all the gold and silver products of all the mines of the country. - -The gold and silver products of the world average about $208,000,000 per -annum. The farm products of Kansas for 1885 aggregated $143,577,018, or -nearly three-fourths the value of the gold and silver product of the -world. - -For the past four years the farm products of Kansas have aggregated in -value each year more than double the annual yield of all the gold and -silver mines of the United States. - -The gold and silver products of Colorado, for 1883, aggregated only -$20,250,000; those of California, $16,600,000; of Nevada, $9,100,000; of -Montana, $9,170,000; of Utah, $6,920,000; of Arizona, $5,430,000; and of -New Mexico, $3,300,000. The corn crop of Kansas for the same year was -alone worth more money than the combined gold and silver products of -Colorado, California and Nevada; the oat crop of Kansas was worth -$705,000 more than the gold and silver product of Arizona; and the Irish -potato crop of Kansas was worth more than the gold and silver product of -New Mexico. - - - PROPERTY VALUATIONS. - -The property valuations of Kansas have increased in steady proportion -with the growth of the State in population and productions. In 1860 the -true valuation of all the property of the State was estimated at -$31,327,891; in 1865 it was estimated at $72,252,180; in 1870 it had -increased to $188,892,014; in 1875 to $242,555,862; in 1880 to -$321,783,387; and for 1885 the true valuation, at a very moderate -estimate, was $550,000,000. - -The following table presents the assessed valuation of all the property -of the State for the years mentioned, and also the assessed valuation of -all the real, personal, and railroad property. It will be seen that the -increase in the total assessed values from 1865 to 1875 was $85,434,344, -while from 1875 to 1885 it was $127,300,928. - - ═══════╤═══════════╤═══════════╤═════════════╤═══════════ - _Year._│ _Total._ │ _Real │ _Personal._ │_Railroad._ - │ │ estate._ │ │ - ───────┼───────────┼───────────┼─────────────┼─────────── - 1860 │$22,518,232│$16,088,602│ $6,429,630│ ... - 1865 │ 36,126,090│ 28,133,276│ [2]7,992,814│ ... - 1870 │ 92,100,820│ 65,499,365│[2]26,601,455│ ... - 1875 │121,476,352│ 89,775,784│ 19,422,637│$12,277,931 - 1880 │160,891,689│108,432,049│ 31,911,838│ 20,547,802 - 1885 │248,845,276│161,791,641│ 56,685,818│ 30,367,817 - ───────┴───────────┴───────────┴─────────────┴─────────── - -Footnote 2: - - In 1865 and 1870, the railroad property was assessed as personal, and - is included under that head. - - - KANSAS MANUFACTURES. - -Kansas is not a manufacturing State. Its prosperity is based upon the -plow. It has, however, coal deposits equal to the needs of its -population, valuable lead mines in the southeast, and salt and gypsum in -abundance. But the manufacturing establishments of the State are -steadily increasing in importance as well as in number. In its flouring -and grist mills Kansas ranked, in 1880, as the thirteenth State of the -Union; in meat packing, as the twelfth; and in cheese products, as the -fourteenth. - -In the following table the number of manufacturing establishments, -including mines and railroad shops, their capital, products, etc., is -given for the years named: - - ═══════╤═════════════════╤══════════╤═══════════╤══════════╤══════════ - _Year._│_Establishments._│_Capital._│_Employés._│ _Wages._ │_Value of - │ │ │ │ │products._ - ───────┼─────────────────┼──────────┼───────────┼──────────┼────────── - 1860 │ 344│$1,084,935│ 1,735│ $880,346│$4,357,408 - 1870 │ 1,470│ 4,319,060│ 6,844│ 2,377,511│11,775,833 - 1880 │ 2,803│11,191,315│ 10,062│ 3,995,010│30,843,777 - 1885[3]│ 3,900│19,000,000│ 16,000│ 6,300,000│48,000,000 - ───────┴─────────────────┴──────────┴───────────┴──────────┴────────── - -Footnote 3: - - Partly estimated. - - - TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. - -The transportation facilities of Kansas are unsurpassed. Only seven -States of the Union, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, -Iowa and Missouri, have within their borders more miles of completed -railway than has Kansas. For fully two hundred miles west of our eastern -border, every county except one is traversed by from one to six lines of -railway. There are eighty-six organized and eleven unorganized counties -in the State, and of these all except fourteen organized and seven -unorganized counties have railways within their limits. In 1864 Kansas -had not a mile of completed railroad. In 1870 we had 1,283 miles; in -1875 over 1,887 miles; in 1880 an aggregate of 3,104 miles, and there -are now 4,750 miles of completed railway in Kansas. - - - THE SCHOOLS OF KANSAS. - -Education has gone hand in hand with the material growth of Kansas. It -has been the boast of our people, for twenty years past, that the best -building in every city, town or hamlet in the State was the school -house. The census of 1880 revealed the fact that only 25,503 inhabitants -of Kansas, over ten years of age, were unable to read. The growth of our -school system is shown by the following figures: - - ═══════╤══════════╤══════════╤═══════════╤═══════╤══════════╤══════════ - _Year._│_Scholars │ _School │ _School │_Teach-│ _Amount │_Value of - │enrolled._│ houses._ │districts._│ ers._ │ paid to │ school - │ │ │ │ │teachers._│ houses._ - ───────┼──────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────┼──────────┼────────── - 1860 │ 5,915│ 154│ ...│ 189│ ...│ ... - 1865 │ 26,341│ 640│ 721│ 899│ $86,898│ $122,822 - 1870 │ 63,218│ 1,501│ 1,950│ 2,210│ 318,596│ 1,520,041 - 1875 │ 141,606│ 3,715│ 4,560│ 5,383│ 689,906│ 3,742,507 - 1880 │ 231,434│ 5,315│ 6,134│ 7,780│ 1,088,504│ 4,049,212 - 1885 │ 335,538│ 6,673│ 7,142│ 8,219│ 1,989,169│ 6,704,176 - ───────┴──────────┴──────────┴───────────┴───────┴──────────┴────────── - -In 1861 the amount expended for the support of common schools was only -$1,700, while the expenditures for the same purpose, during the year -1885, aggregated $2,977,763. For the five years ending with 1865, the -expenditures for public schools aggregated $262,657.21; for the next -succeeding five years they aggregated $2,259,497.89; for the next five, -$7,552,191.43; for the next five, $7,509,375.23; and for the five years -ending with 1885 the expenditures for public schools aggregated -$12,630,480.64. Thus Kansas has expended for the support of her common -schools, during the past quarter of a century, the enormous sum of -$30,214,202.40. - -The table following shows the expenditures each year, from 1861 to 1885, -inclusive, and illustrates not only the growth of Kansas, but the -general and generous interest of its citizens in public education: - - ═══════╤═══════════════ - _Year._│_Expenditures._ - ───────┼─────────────── - 1861 │ $1,700 00 - 1862 │ 11,894 45 - 1863 │ 26,867 03 - 1864 │ 81,221 30 - 1865 │ 137,974 45 - 1866 │ 225,426 27 - 1867 │ 364,402 50 - 1868 │ 431,316 54 - 1869 │ 565,311 17 - 1870 │ 673,041 41 - 1871 │ 1,074,946 09 - 1872 │ 1,701,950 44 - 1873 │ 1,657,318 27 - 1874 │ 1,638,977 99 - 1875 │ 1,478,998 64 - 1876 │ 1,165,638 80 - 1877 │ 1,394,188 11 - 1878 │ 1,541,417 12 - 1879 │ 1,589,794 30 - 1880 │ 1,818,336 90 - 1881 │ 1,996,335 64 - 1882 │ 2,194,174 65 - 1883 │ 2,579,243 62 - 1884 │ 2,882,963 53 - 1885 │ 2,977,763 23 - ───────┼─────────────── - Total │ $30,214,202 40 - ───────┴─────────────── - - - CHURCHES AND NEWSPAPERS. - -Churches have multiplied and newspapers increased as have the schools. -In 1860 there were only 97 church buildings in Kansas, and they had cost -only $143,950. In 1870 the number of churches had increased to 301, -valued at $1,722,700; and in 1880 they numbered 2,514, costing an -aggregate of $2,491,560. - -There were only 27 newspapers published in Kansas in 1860, and of these -only three were dailies. In 1870 the number had increased to 97, of -which 12 were dailies. In 1880 there were 347 newspapers, including 20 -dailies. During the year just closed 581 journals, of which 32 were -dailies, were published in Kansas. The aggregate circulation of our -newspapers, in 1860, was 21,920, while for 1885 their circulation -aggregated 395,400. Every organized county has one or more newspapers, -and, as a rule, our journals are creditable to their publishers and to -the State. - - - WHAT OF THE FUTURE? - -And now, having sketched the growth of Kansas during the past quarter of -a century, it is proper to ask, what of the future? I answer, with -confidence, that Kansas is yet in the dawn of her development, and that -the growth, prosperity and triumphs of the next decade will surpass any -we have yet known. Less than one-fifth of the area of the State has been -broken by the plow—ten million of fifty-two million acres. Multiply the -present development by five, and you can perhaps form some idea of the -Kansas of the year 1900. The light of the morning is still shining upon -our prairie slopes. The year just closed witnessed the first actual, -permanent settlements in the counties along our Western frontier—not -settlement by wandering stockmen or occasional frontiersmen, but by -practical, home-building farmers and business men. The line of organized -counties now extends four hundred miles, from the Missouri river to the -Colorado line. The scientists, I know, are still discussing climatic -changes, and questioning whether the western third of Kansas is fit for -general farming. But the homesteader in Cheyenne or Hamilton counties -entertains no doubt about this question. He has no weather-gauge or -barometer, but he sees the buffalo grass vanishing and the blue-joint -sending its long roots deep into the soil; he sees the trees growing on -the high divides; he watches the corn he has planted springing up, and -waving its green guidons of prosperity in the wind; he sees the clouds -gathering and drifting, and he hears the rain pattering on his roof—and -he knows all he cares to know about climatic changes. He is going to -stay. - - - A PROPHECY FULFILLED. - -On the 7th of May, 1856, a great American, learned, sagacious, and -confident in his faith that right and justice would at last prevail, -said, in a speech delivered in the City of New York: - - "In the year of our Lord 1900, there will be two million people in - Kansas, with cities like Providence and Worcester—perhaps like - Chicago and Cincinnati. She will have more miles of railroad than - Maryland, Virginia, and both the Carolinas can now boast. Her land - will be worth twenty dollars an acre, and her total wealth will be - five hundred millions of money. Six hundred thousand children will - learn in her schools. What schools, newspapers, libraries, - meeting-houses! Yes, what families of educated, happy and religious - men and women! There will be a song of Freedom all around the Slave - States, and in them Slavery itself will die." - -Read in the light of the present, these eloquent words of Theodore -Parker seem touched with prophetic fire. The ideal Kansas he saw, -looking through the mists of the future, is the real Kansas of to-day. -The marvelous growth, the splendid prosperity, the potent intellectual -and moral energies, and the happy and contented life he predicted, are -all around us. At the threshold of the year A. D. 1886, fifteen years -before the limit of his prophecy, Kansas has cities like Providence and -Worcester; has more than double the railway mileage Maryland, Virginia, -and both the Carolinas could then boast; has land worth, not twenty, but -fifty and a hundred dollars an acre; has wealth far exceeding five -hundred million dollars; has schools, newspapers, libraries and churches -rivaling those of New England; and has 1,300,000 happy, prosperous and -intelligent people. - -The prophecy has been fulfilled, but the end is not yet. The foundations -of the State, like those of its Capitol, have just been completed. The -stately building, crowned with its splendid dome, is yet to be reared. -Smiling and opulent fields, busy and prosperous cities and towns, are -still attracting the intelligent, the enterprising and the ambitious of -every State and country. The limits that bound the progress and -development of Kansas cannot now be gauged or guessed. We have land, -homes, work and plenty for millions more; and for another quarter of a -century, at least, our State will continue to grow. For we are yet at -the threshold and in the dawn of it all. We are just beginning to -realize what a great people can accomplish, whom "love of country -moveth, example teacheth, company comforteth, emulation quickeneth, and -glory exalteth." - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES - - - 1. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical - errors. - 2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed. - 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Address delivered at the -quarter-centennial celeb, by John Alexander Martin - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADDRESS--25TH CENTENN--KANSAS AS STATE *** - -***** This file should be named 51607-0.txt or 51607-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/1/6/0/51607/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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