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diff --git a/old/51639-0.txt b/old/51639-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0775872..0000000 --- a/old/51639-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1089 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Implement sheds, by Karl John Theodore Ekblaw - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Implement sheds - -Author: Karl John Theodore Ekblaw - -Release Date: April 2, 2016 [EBook #51639] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IMPLEMENT SHEDS *** - - - - -Produced by Frank van Drogen, Harry Lamé and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - Transcriber’s notes - - Text printed underlined, in italics or in bold face type in the - original work have been transcribed between ~tildes~, _underscores_ - and =equal signs= respectively. - - - - - FARM BULLETIN No. 1 - - APRIL, 1916 - - - [Illustration] - - - =~IMPLEMENT SHEDS~= - How They Should Be Designed - The Simple Shed Type - The Open Shed Type - The Wide Enclosed Type - The Two-Story Type - Space Required for Common Implements - The Selection of Building Material - - Revised, September, 1916. - - -[Illustration: Copyright 1916 - -National Lumber Manufacturers Association] - -Over fifty million dollars is lost every year on American farms because -implements and machinery are not properly housed. Is part of this wasted -on YOUR farm? - -Protection of farm machinery in well built implement sheds means dollars -earned through dollars saved. On the average farm an implement shed -saves annually as much as the income from $1,800 at interest. - - - Implement Sheds - _by_ - _K. J. T. Ekblaw_ - - [Illustration] - - _Price, Ten Cents_ - - Published by the - TRADE EXTENSION DEPARTMENT - National Lumber Manufacturers - Association - - CHICAGO :: ILLINOIS - - APRIL, 1916 - - General Series No. 10 - - Fourth Edition, February, 1917. - - -[Illustration: Fig. 1. Exterior of Simple Implement Shed] - -[Illustration: Fig. 2. Perspective of Framing of Simple Implement Shed] - -[Illustration] - - - - -Implement Sheds - -_By K. J. T. Ekblaw_ - - -A very fair indication of the thrift and general prosperity of a farmer -is the method he employs in caring for his tools. Shiftlessness, waste, -lack of energy, constant buying and heavy burdens of debt will accompany -poor care. Good care is an indication of shrewdness, business ability, -long-lived machinery, comfortable bank balances and the assurance of a -peaceful, prosperous future. - -To the progressive man, figures speak more forcibly than does the most -persuasive lecturer on economic topics. The report of the United States -Census for 1910 contains some figures that bear a distinct message to -the farmers of the country. In 1900 the value of all farm property in -the shape of farm implements and machinery was $749,775,970; in 1910 -this same value had increased to $1,265,149,783, representing an -increase of 68.7 per cent. This increase can be ascribed mainly to -increased quantity rather than to higher prices, for the increase in -price of farm machinery has been comparatively slight. It means that the -farmers are realizing the benefits to be derived from the use of -labor-saving machinery. In 1900 the acreage of improved land in farms -was 414,498,487; in 1910 this became 478,451,750, an increase of only -15.4 per cent. These figures may be a little more significant if -expressed in the following way: In 1900 there was $1.80 worth of -machinery for each acre of improved farm land; in 1910 this had -increased to $2.65, or an increase of over 47 per cent. - -These figures will immediately indicate an opportunity for the -furtherance of economic agriculture. With so much capital invested in -equipment, the American farmer would certainly be a very bad business -man indeed if he did not take some means of protecting this equipment -to reduce depreciation and to increase its length of life. The question -has sometimes been asked, does it pay to house farm machinery? Is it not -a better practice not to give any special care to the machinery but use -it as long as it will run without care then buy newer and more -up-to-date equipment? - -The situation bears some consideration. According to Census figures, the -average investment per farm in farm machinery is almost exactly $200. -This, however, is the case when every sort of farm is included, and -since the Census Bureau’s definition of a farm is extremely liberal it -would not be practical for our purposes. A fair estimate of the average -value of farm machinery on a farm is $1,000. No reliable figures are -available to indicate the rate of depreciation of farm machinery; one -farmer will take excellent care of his binder and it may do service for -twenty or twenty-five years, while another farmer will leave his binder -in the middle of the field where the last stalk of grain was cut, and it -would be surprising if his machine could operate satisfactorily for more -than five seasons. To take ten years as the average life of farm -machinery is certainly to be considered conservative. - -Most farm machines are well and substantially constructed and will -render satisfactory and efficient service with slight repairs for a much -longer term of years than the average which has just been given. It is -entirely safe to assume that the average length of efficient service can -be increased to fifteen years providing proper care is given. It is -almost equally safe to assume that the average life of uncared-for -machinery will not be much more than five years. - -The farmer who has a thousand dollars worth of machinery to which he -gives no care and attention will then have an annual reduction in value -of $200, besides his interest charge of $60 on his investment or a total -debit of $260. The farmer who properly houses his machinery will have an -annual deduction of $66.66 for depreciation and the same interest charge -of $60. He will have, in addition, an annual charge of $25 for interest -and depreciation on his building if it cost $250, or a total of $151.66, -which is $108.34 less than that of his improvident neighbor. The careful -farmer then may consider that he has in his implement house an -investment representing over $1,800 as shown by the saving it brings -him; as a simple implement shed can be built for $250, a net profit of -an interest-paying $1,550 remains. Putting the problem in another way, -on many farms the savings on machinery will pay for a shed in two or -three years. - -[Illustration: Fig. 3. Details of Simple Implement Shed - -Only one wide sliding door is shown, though another smaller door can be -inserted if desired. The truss construction shown in Fig. 10 is used -above the wide door. Either vertical or horizontal siding may be used, -the former being simple and satisfactory construction. The front wall -may be omitted in localities where inclement weather is uncommon.] - -[Illustration: Fig. 4. Exterior of Open Type of Implement Shed] - -[Illustration: Fig. 5. Perspective of Framing of Open Type of Implement -Shed] - -In view of the fact that the small tractor is becoming an extremely -popular source of farm power, special consideration should be given to -its shelter. The tractor is an implement that would be extremely likely -to be injured as a result of exposure to weather. It is entirely -possible that the damage which may be done to this one single machine in -one winter’s exposure may be sufficient to pay for the cost of a machine -shed which will house all the implements on the farm. - -So much for the economic side. The figures that have just been given -relate only to a very conservative case. On many farms the saving would -be a great deal more. Besides this there are other things of which the -value cannot be estimated, such as the benefit of having a machine that -will operate when it is called upon to do so; the added value an -implement shed gives to the farm; and the additional prestige which will -redound to the owner of the farm. - -The careful farmer will, of course, find that criticisms of -ill-cared-for machinery do not apply to him; he has a machine shed, and -knows the value of paint, oil, and grease in extending the life of -implements. His equipment always looks new, for as rust breaks through -the protecting coat of paint, a new coat is immediately applied; and his -plowshares, discs, cultivator shovels, and other bright parts of -implements are always given a thorough coating of grease before being -put away for the winter. As a result, his implements are ready for -business when spring comes and time is valuable. - - - - -THE DESIGN OF THE BUILDING - - -In preparing the design for machine sheds one of the first -considerations is that of economy. A machine shed is a building which is -almost always used for no other purpose than to shelter machinery. It is -not like a bin for the storage of grain where strength is an exceedingly -important factor nor is it like a barn where so many operations are -carried on within; consequently the simplest and cheapest structure that -is consistent with reasonable durability is the one that is the most -advisable. Wood is a product available in every section and is the -cheapest and most suitable material for the construction of an implement -shed. - -[Illustration: Fig. 6. Details of Open Type of Implement Shed - -Framing of 6x6 posts, thoroughly braced. Ends may be boarded or left -open as desired. Foundation piers act as wheel guards. Width between -posts can be varied to suit requirements.] - -Paint, the great preservative, should be applied to all farm -buildings. The initial cost of two coats of good paint is not -prohibitive; the durability of the wood may be increased almost -indefinitely if the surface is kept covered to prevent the ingress of -the spores of decay. The prosperous farmer’s buildings are always kept -painted, not only to preserve the wood, but to improve the appearance of -the buildings themselves. - -On new wood, two coats are usually sufficient. The first coat should -contain mainly oil, with a small amount of the base and coloring -pigments, so that it will permeate every pore; the second coat should be -heavier, containing less oil and more pigment. Surfaces that have been -painted can be kept in good condition by the occasional application of a -single coat. - -The planning of an implement shed will require data as to the number and -size of machines and the amount of space that each will occupy. The -arrangement of the machines so as to make them easily accessible at -times when they are most needed is also important, e. g., a binder being -used but once a year may well occupy a far corner, leaving a space near -the door for the mower and plow, implements which are used oftener and -for longer periods than the binder. The manure spreader, wagons and -buggies are used so much throughout the year that they should be -especially accessible. Table I, pages 19 and 20, gives the floor space -required for most farm machines; the height of the machine is also -given. Of course, it is entirely possible to crowd machines together as -they are put into the shed, and so much saving in room can be -accomplished in this way that little clearance space need be left. For -instance, the outer edge of a binder platform can be easily raised -several feet, provided a pair of reel slats with the attached arms are -removed, and in this space beneath the platform can be stored such -implements as hand drill, walking plows, etc. Similar opportunities for -economy in space can very easily be found. - -[Illustration: Fig. 7. Exterior of Wide Enclosed Implement Shed] - -[Illustration: Fig. 8. Perspective of Framing of Wide Enclosed Implement -Shed] - -In general the construction of a machine shed is that of the very -simplest; yet utility and beauty can be very easily combined with -simplicity. Since the building is not subjected to any heavy load, as -would be the case with a crib or a barn, the framing is just -sufficiently strong to safely hold the wall and roof covering and to -prevent collapse of the building from wind or snow and ice loads. Very -often 2x4’s or 4x4’s constitute the studs or posts and no heavier stock -is used throughout the building. In wide sheds it may be found -necessary to use larger stuff and especially in the plate above the wide -doorway. A two-story machine shed will, of course, require heavier and -more substantial framing, but a two-story shed is comparatively rare. A -floor may or may not be used as the owner may desire. It is likely to -prove somewhat expensive in first cost and in maintenance, though for -convenience it is much to be desired, especially if any repair work is -to be done in the building. - -The roof may be of almost any style from the simple single pitch shed -roof to the modified shed roof or the ordinary double pitch gable roof. -It is desirable that the pitch should be not less than one-quarter in -order to get the greatest life out of the shingles, which are likely to -collect moisture and give shorter service where the pitch is quite flat. -The foundation of a machine shed will naturally not be designed for -great strength except in the case of a two-story structure, since the -only load which it has to support is that of the superstructure itself. -A footing 12 to 16 inches wide at the bottom and extending down a foot -or 15 inches into solid soil will support a building of this kind. -However, if a concrete floor is put in the building as is sometimes done -in the more expensive ones, it will be well to extend the foundation -wall and footing to a point below the frost line, which will vary from a -foot to three feet according to climate. - -Sills are usually not necessary in the simple framing of machine sheds. -The posts can be set directly upon foundation walls and fastened in any -one of many different ways that have been devised. Timbers are more -subject to decay at the ends than elsewhere, consequently it is -advisable to treat them at this point with a preservative such as -creosote. This will add greatly to the durability. The foundation wall -should be brought up some distance above the ground so as to further -protect the bottom timbers from moisture. This above-ground extension -must be omitted at doorways. - -[Illustration: Fig. 9. Details of a Wide Enclosed Implement Shed - -Strong framing is necessary to insure durability in this structure. -Members may be solid or built up. Details of one form of roof truss are -shown in Fig. 11. Note solid foundation. Doors may be located to suit -requirements.] - -One of the most serious problems in the design of a machine shed is the -insertion of doors. Wide doors are an absolute necessity, especially for -certain machines. An eight-foot door is large enough for the majority of -farm machines, even allowing the modern binder with its folding grain -dividers to enter in safety. The wide drill, the rake, and several other -implements require a much wider door than this and it may be necessary -to provide an opening 12 or even 14 feet wide. This leaves a long -unsupported section of the plate directly above the doorway. To keep -it and the roof from sagging, special provision must be made either by -putting in an exceptionally strong plate at this point, by building up a -small wooden truss, or by making a truss of wood and iron as shown in -the illustration. (Fig. 10.) - -The doors themselves should be very solidly and substantially made. It -is a matter of good practice to have as few doors as possible. In the -average machine shed one 8-foot door and one 12 or 14-foot door are -sufficient to meet requirements. A door wider than four feet should not -be swung on hinges under any circumstances, as it is sure to pull out -the hinges or to sag very badly. Sliding doors of good construction are -to be recommended in preference to hinged doors (Fig. 12). It is -entirely possible to make a good close-fitting door of this type and -there need never be any trouble in its operation. - -The use of other buildings for the storage of farm implements is not a -desirable procedure except in certain instances, such as keeping wagons -in the driveway of cribs, leaving the spreader at the end of an alleyway -of a barn for convenience in loading, etc. In general, other buildings -are much more expensive than a machine shed and those portions of them -devoted to the storage of farm implements could in most cases be more -profitably used, especially when the very small unit floor-space cost of -a machine shed is taken into consideration. Then, too, if a special -place is not provided for the implements, the farm animals may come in -contact with them, causing injury of the animals or damage to the -machines. - - - - -REPRESENTATIVE TYPES OF SHEDS - - -=The Simple Shed Type.= The needs of the average farm for a cheap, -easily built implement shed are met by this building. Illustrations of -this type of shed are shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. The framing consists of -6x6 posts set on a light 1:2½:5 mixture concrete foundation at intervals -of eight feet, the plate consisting of two 2x6’s. Short diagonal braces -can be set in underneath between the plate and the post in order to give -the plate further support. The rafters for a span of 18 feet should be -at least 2x6 and better 2x8, set not less than two feet apart on -centers. The wall covering may consist of vertical siding, either 10 or -12-inch boards, with the cracks covered by ogee battens. For horizontal -siding, studs are necessary; these should be 2x4’s, placed not over 3 -feet apart. Either drop-siding, German or novelty siding or ordinary -weather-boarding may be used satisfactorily, but the latter is somewhat -light for a building of this kind and would probably not be as durable -as the others mentioned. - -[Illustration: Fig. 10. Detail of Truss Over Large Doors in Implement -Shed] - -[Illustration: Fig. 11. Roof Truss Details - -The upper illustration (Fig. 10) shows a method of building a truss -above wide doors to prevent sagging of roof. It may be varied to suit -circumstances. - -The roof trusses shown in Fig. 11 suggest methods of framing for wide -sheds, as in Fig. 3 and Fig. 9.] - -The building may be entirely enclosed, having the doors on the high -side. The practice of enclosing the building entirely is generally to be -recommended, though sometimes for the sake of economy and convenience -and in localities where the winds are very constant in their direction, -it may be advisable to omit part of the exterior wall covering, leaving -one side open, this side being the one opposite to the direction from -which the prevailing winds come. - - -=The Open Shed Type.= Under some circumstances the open shed type of -building (shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6) will be the more suitable. This is -especially true where wagons, racks and spreaders are used frequently. -The framing of the building consists simply of 6x6 posts set on concrete -piers at intervals of 9 feet. On these are set 2x6 rafters supporting a -double pitched gable roof. The building is opened on both sides but both -ends may be enclosed. - -This building is extremely convenient, although it does not give very -thorough protection to the machines. A wagon or spreader can be driven -directly through one of the bays and horses unhitched outside. With a -building 18 feet wide and eaves overhanging one foot, the implements -will be protected from all but driving rains, though sweeping snow will -have free access to the interior. The posts are placed nine feet apart -in order to provide sufficient room for driving a team through. It may -be possible to reduce this dimension to eight feet, or to increase it to -10 feet in case a three-horse team is to be driven through. The concrete -piers supporting the posts are made conical in shape, acting thus as -wheel guards to prevent the hubs of the wheels from striking the posts. - -One or more bays of the shed may be enclosed if desired to give adequate -shelter to machines, such as mowers, binders, etc., which would suffer -from exposure. Of course, the shed as well as the preceding one can be -built to any length desired, though a building more than four times as -long as it is wide will present a somewhat peculiar appearance on -account of the long, low roof line. - -[Illustration: Fig. 12. Construction Details - -These details apply in general to the implement shed plans. The girder -splice shown makes a firm, solid joint. If double hung sash are used, -standard window framing is employed, as shown. Wide doors are always -hung on a track; the detail shows weather strip at top, and bracket with -roller at bottom to keep door from swinging out.] - - -=The Wide Enclosed Type.= A better and a little more expensive type of -implement shed, yet one perhaps better suited to the average farm is -shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9. This shed is made 26 feet in width and as -long as may be necessary, although a building 26x40 will usually be -found sufficiently large to house the machines on the average -general-purpose farm. The framing of this shed is a little more -substantial than in the types previously discussed, consisting of 6x6’s -with 4x6 plates. Should horizontal siding be used, it will naturally -follow that instead of using these posts, 2x4 studs will be employed as -previously described in the simple shed type on page thirteen. The -height of the walls should be not less than 10 feet, which with the -gable roof will make the building a little more attractive in appearance -than the one previously described. A span of 26 feet is almost too great -for the adequate support of the roof unless some device such as truss -bracing and purline is used to give the rafters additional stiffness. -(Fig. 11.) - -Experience has shown that the two widths--18 feet and 26 feet are -peculiarly adaptable to the dimensions of the various farm machines. -Using the 26-foot width, considerable opportunity is given for the -utilization of the floor space, since a wider floor area unsupported by -posts is available. As far as possible, interior posts should be -avoided, for they interfere very seriously in the placing and moving of -machinery. - - -=The Two-Story Type.= As stated before, the use of a two-story machine -shed is rather rare, for two reasons: First, the additional expense in -material and labor, and, Second, the difficulty of getting machines up -to the second floor. The only advantage that is gained is the doubling -of the floor space under the same roof. - -[Illustration: Fig. 13. Details of Two-Story Implement Shed - -The framing in this type of shed must be unusually strong and -substantial. The girders and, in fact, all framing members, may be -either solid or built up. A central post is necessary in each framing -unit.] - -The construction of the building (illustrated in Figs. 13, 14 and 15) -will necessarily be rather substantial. The framing may consist of 6x6 -posts and 4x6 girts, which should be securely joined in order to give -rigidity to the structure. The girts are located at vertical intervals -of not to exceed 5 feet, so as to afford good nailing for vertical -siding. If horizontal siding is used, the girts may be spaced wider, -say, one each at the top, bottom, and middle of the post, while 2x6 -studs are set in on which to nail the boards. Diagonal bracing is a -decided advantage. The building may be constructed either 18 or 26 feet -wide, and it is seldom that a building longer than 40 feet will be -necessary. The foundation should be much more substantial than in the -types previously described. It should extend well below the frost line -and be almost as strong as that used for barns. - -The second floor will be used for the storage of the lighter machines -such as small plows, harrows, drills and all the lighter tools which -make up the farmer’s equipment; while the first floor will be utilized -for the storage of the heavier machines such as binders, wagons, etc. -Getting the lighter machines up to the second floor may be accomplished -in one of two ways. An ordinary block and tackle can be utilized either -through an outside door in the gable of the roof or through a hole in -the floor in the interior of the building. If space is available the -construction of a rather steep runway outside the building and leading -to the second floor may be advantageous. This runway can be constructed -of rather light material, using a pair of 4x6’s for joists, and flooring -them with rough 2-inch stuff. An angle of 30 degrees with the horizontal -will make it possible to pull machines up the runway with only a small -amount of labor. This arrangement has been found to be superior to the -use of a hoist. It can be used to the best advantage when the shed is -located on the slope of a rather steep hill. - -TABLE I. - -Floor Space and Height of Space Required to House Common Farm -Implements. - - Floor Height - Space of Space - Implements-- in Feet in Feet - - Plows-- - Walking 8x3 3 - Sulky and horse gang (tongue off; add 10 ft. for - tongue) 8x6 4 - Engine gang 16x7 5 - - Harrows-- - Spike tooth, per section 5x5 2 - Spring tooth, per section 5x4 1½ - Single disc, 8 ft. with truck (tongue off) 6x9 4 - Double disc, 7 ft. with truck (tongue off) 8x8 4 - - Weeder-- - (Thills on) 13x8 4 - - Grain Drills-- - 12x7 (tongue off; add 10 ft. for tongue) 5x8 5 - 16x7 with press attachment (tongue off) 7x11 5 - - Rollers-- - Smooth 3x10 4½ - Corrugated, single (tongue off; add 10 ft. for tongue) 3x10 4 - Corrugated, double 4x8 4 - - Corn Planter-- - Two row (tongue off; add 10 ft. for tongue) 5½x6 3½ - - Cultivators-- - Walking, one horse 7x2 3½ - Riding, single row (tongue off; add 10 ft. for tongue) 8x5 4 - Riding, two row (tongue off; add 10 feet for tongue) 8x10 4 - Alfalfa (tongue off; add 10 ft. for tongue) 7x6 5 - - Mower-- - 6 ft. (tongue off; add 10 ft. for tongue) 5x6 7 - - Binders-- - Grain, 8 ft. (tongue truck off) 8x14 7 - Grain, 6 ft. (tongue truck off) 8x12 7 - Corn (tongue off; add 11 ft. for tongue) 13x6 7 - - Hay Rakes-- - Self-dump (thills off) 5½x11½ 5 - Side-delivery (tongue off; add 10 ft. for tongue) 13x9 5 - - Tedders-- - Kicker (tongue off; add 8 ft. for tongue) 5½x8 5 - Combination (see side-delivery rakes) - - Hay Loader 14x9½ 9 - - Ensilage Cutter, 20-ton (tongue off) 11x5½ 7 - - Corn Shredder, 8 roll 20x8 9 - - Corn Sheller 20x8 11 - - Hay Press 16x6 6 - - Grain Separator, 32-inch 26x8 8½ - - Clover Huller 24x8 8 - - Gasoline Tractor, 20-4 H. P. 15x9 9 - - Gasoline Tractor, 10-20 H. P. 12x8 8 - - Portable Engine, 6 H. P. 9x5 6 - - Fanning Mill, 24-inch 4x3½ 5 - - Wagons-- - Farm gear (tongue off; add 10 ft. for tongue) 11x5½ 4 - Wagon with box and top (tongue off) 11x5½ 5½ - Wagon with box and tip top (tongue off) 11x5½ 6½ - Wagon with hay rack (tongue off) 16x7½ 5 - - Buggies-- - One seated (thills up) 8x5½ 7 - Two seated (tongue off) 10x5½ 8 - - Grain Dump (knocked down) 12x4 4 - - Potato Machinery-- - Planter (tongue off; add 9 ft. for tongue) 5x3 4 - Sprayer, two wheeled barrel (thills off) 6x6 5 - Digger, wheeled, elevator (tongue off) 13x4 3 - - Automobiles-- - Small 11x6 7 - Large 14x7 8 - - Phosphorus Distributor, 1,000 lbs. (tongue off; add 10 - ft. for tongue) 4x10 4 - - Manure Spreader, 50 bu. (tongue off; add 10 ft. for - tongue) 17x7 6 - - - - - There is a WOOD - For Every Need - - - THIS? - -[Illustration: Fig. 14. Exterior of Two-Story Implement Shed] - -[Illustration: Fig. 15. Perspective of Framing of Two-Story Implement -Shed] - - OR THIS? - -The Automobile and Family Carriage Are Kept Under Cover. Is This Fair to -the Implements Which Make the Farm Pay? - -[Illustration: Courtesy Tractor Farming. Fig. 16] - - “When it comes to actual waste, the Great American Desert with its - constant canopy of blue sky over it has very little on the Great - American Machine Shed. The chief difference is that the former is - found in a particular locality only, while the latter extends from - coast to coast. Both are in the open, both represent zero in - profitable and economical usage, and both need the undivided attention - of conservation experts.”--Tractor Farming. - - -Wood “Where Best” - -The legitimate use of lumber where it is best, or by proper selection or -treatment can be made to serve economically and safely, is the aim of -the lumbermen in publishing a series of bulletins on Farm Structures. -Wood has for so long been the most widely used building material that -its availability and importance have either been taken for granted or -lost sight of. It is helpful to review the outstanding features of the -present situation: - - Wood remains the most universal, most adaptable building material in - the world. - - The supply is ample for all requirements, and the kinds and grades - best suited for all purposes are obtainable everywhere. - - In cost it remains one of the cheapest materials. - - It is the lightest building material known, and the strongest, weight - for weight. - - Its qualities are known; it is easy to work; it can be cut and shaped - by any one into the myriad uses required for the shelter and comfort - of man. - - There is no material more beautiful in appearance, more susceptible to - artistic finish, nor which is as productive of sentiment and - satisfaction for home building. - - Wood is a non-conductor of heat,--cool in summer and warm in winter. - -The relative qualities of durability, serviceability and workability -should be considered in selecting wood for homes and farm buildings. -=Consult the local lumber dealer.= His knowledge and advice will assure -cheaper, more stable buildings. - -Except where naturally durable woods are available, a preservative -treatment will prove economical for timber exposed to moisture and -decay, as sills, basement flooring, fence posts; and in similar -situations. - - - Other Farm Bulletins. - - Other Bulletins in this series are upon: - - Dairy and General Purpose Barns - Ice Houses - Garages - Silos - Poultry Houses - Grain Storage Buildings - Farm Residences - Swine Houses - The Preservative Treatment of Farm Timbers - - Ask for those that will be helpful to you. 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