initial commit of ebook 5184HEADmain

1 files changed, 13993 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/5184.txt b/5184.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..949006c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/5184.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13993 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Kalevala: the Epic Poem of Finland --
+Volume 01, by Elias Loennrot
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Kalevala: the Epic Poem of Finland -- Volume 01
+
+Author: Elias Loennrot
+
+Translator: John Martin Crawford
+
+Posting Date: September 20, 2010 [EBook #5184]
+Release Date: February, 2004
+First Posted: May 31, 2002
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KALEVALA: EPIC POEM OF FINLAND ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by John B. Hare and Carrie R. Lorenz.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE KALEVALA
+
+THE
+
+EPIC POEM OF FINLAND
+
+INTO ENGLISH
+
+BY
+
+JOHN MARTIN CRAWFORD
+
+[1888]
+
+
+TO
+
+DR. J.D. BUCK,
+
+AN ENCOURAGING AND UNSELFISH FRIEND,
+AND TO
+HIS AFFECTIONATE FAMILY,
+
+THESE PAGES
+ARE GRATEFULLY INSCRIBED.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+
+  PREFACE
+
+  PROEM
+  RUNE I. Birth of Wainamoinen
+  RUNE II. Wainamoinen's Sowing
+  RUNE III. Wainamoinen and Youkahainen
+  RUNE IV. The Fate of Aino
+  RUNE V. Wainamoinen's Lamentation
+  RUNE VI. Wainamoinen's Hapless Journey
+  RUNE VII. Wainamoinen's Rescue
+  RUNE VIII. Maiden of the Rainbow
+  RUNE IX. Origin of Iron
+  RUNE X. Ilmarinen forges the Sampo
+  RUNE XI. Lemminkainen's Lament
+  RUNE XII. Kyllikki's Broken Vow
+  RUNE XIII. Lemminkainen's Second Wooing
+  RUNE XIV. Death of Lemminkainen
+  RUNE XV. Lemminkainen's Restoration
+  RUNE XVI. Wainainoinen's Boat-building
+  RUNE XVII. Wainamoinen finds the Lost Word
+  RUNE XVIII. The Rival Suitors
+  RUNE XIX. Ilmarinen's Wooing
+  RUNE XX. The Brewing of Beer
+  RUNE XXI. Ilmarinen's Wedding-feast
+  RUNE XXII. The Bride's Farewell
+  RUNE XXIII. Osmotar, the Bride-adviser
+  RUNE XXIV. The Bride's Farewell
+  RUNE XXV. Wainamoinen's Wedding-songs
+  RUNE XXVI. Origin of the Serpent
+  RUNE XXVII. The Unwelcome Guest
+  RUNE XXVIII. The Mother's Counsel
+  RUNE XXIX. The Isle of Refuge
+  RUNE XXX. The Frost-fiend
+  RUNE XXXI. Kullerwoinen, Son of Evil
+  RUNE XXXII. Kullervo as a Shepherd
+  RUNE XXXIII. Kullervo and the Cheat-cake
+  RUNE XXXIV. Kullervo finds his Tribe-folk
+  RUNE XXXV. Kullervo's Evil Deeds
+  RUNE XXXVI. Kullerwoinen's Victory and Death
+  RUNE XXXVII Ilmarinen's Bride of Gold
+  RUNE XXXVIII. Ilmarinen's Fruitless Wooing
+  RUNE XXXIX. Wainamoinen's Sailing
+  RUNE XL. Birth of the Harp
+  RUNE XLI. Wainamoinen's Harp-songs
+  RUNE XLII. Capture of the Sampo
+  RUNE XLIII. The Sampo lost in the Sea
+  RUNE XLIV. Birth of the Second Harp
+  RUNE XLV. Birth of the Nine Diseases
+  RUNE XLVI. Otso the Honey-eater
+  RUNE XLVII. Louhi steals Sun, Moon, and Fire
+  RUNE XLVIII. Capture of the Fire-fish
+  RUNE XLIX. Restoration of the Sun and Moon
+  RUNE L. Mariatta--Wainamoinen's Departure
+
+  EPILOGUE
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The following translation was undertaken from a desire to lay before
+the English-speaking people the full treasury of epical beauty,
+folklore, and mythology comprised in The Kalevala, the national epic of
+the Finns.  A brief description of this peculiar people, and of their
+ethical, linguistic, social, and religious life, seems to be called for
+here in order that the following poem may be the better understood.
+
+Finland (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa, the swampy region, of which
+Finland, or Fen-land is said to be a Swedish translation,) is at
+present a Grand-Duchy in the north-western part of the Russian empire,
+bordering on Olenetz, Archangel, Sweden, Norway, and the Baltic Sea,
+its area being more than 144,000 square miles, and inhabited by some
+2,000,000 of people, the last remnants of a race driven back from the
+East, at a very early day, by advancing tribes.  The Finlanders live in
+a land of marshes and mountains, lakes and rivers, seas, gulfs,
+islands, and inlets, and they call themselves Suomilainen,
+Fen-dwellers.  The climate is more severe than that of Sweden.  The
+mean yearly temperature in the north is about 27 deg.F., and about 38
+deg.F., at Helsingfors, the capital of Finland.  In the southern
+districts the winter is seven months long, and in the northern
+provinces the sun disappears entirely during the months of December
+and January.
+
+The inhabitants are strong and hardy, with bright, intelligent faces,
+high cheek-bones, yellow hair in early life, and with brown hair in
+mature age.  With regard to their social habits, morals, and manners,
+all travellers are unanimous in speaking well of them.  Their temper is
+universally mild; they are slow to anger, and when angry they keep
+silence.  They are happy-hearted, affectionate to one another, and
+honorable and honest in their dealings with strangers.  They are a
+cleanly people, being much given to the use of vapor-baths.  This trait
+is a conspicuous note of their character from their earliest history to
+the present day.  Often in the runes of The Kalevala reference is made
+to the "cleansing and healing virtues of the vapors of the heated
+bathroom."
+
+The skull of the Finn belongs to the brachycephalic (short-headed)
+class of Retzius.  Indeed the Finn-organization has generally been
+regarded as Mongol, though Mongol of a modified type.  His color is
+swarthy, and his eyes are gray.  He is not inhospitable, but not
+over-easy of access; nor is he a friend of new fashions.  Steady,
+careful, laborious, he is valuable in the mine, valuable in the field,
+valuable oil shipboard, and, withal, a brave soldier on land.
+
+The Finns are a very ancient people.  It is claimed, too, that they
+began earlier than any other European nation to collect and preserve
+their ancient folk-lore.  Tacitus, writing in the very beginning of the
+second century of the Christian era, mentions the Fenni, as he calls
+them, in the 46th chapter of his De Moribus Germanoram.  He says of
+them: "The Finns are extremely wild, and live in abject poverty.  They
+have no arms, no horses, no dwellings; they live on herbs, they clothe
+themselves in skins, and they sleep on the ground.  Their only
+resources are their arrows, which for the lack of iron are tipped with
+bone."  Strabo and the great geographer, Ptolemy, also mention this
+curious people.  There is evidence that at one time they were spread
+over large portions of Europe and western Asia.
+
+Perhaps it should be stated here that the copper, so often mentioned in
+The Kalevala, when taken literally, was probably bronze, or "hardened
+copper," the amount and quality of the alloy used being not now known.
+The prehistoric races of Europe were acquainted with bronze implements.
+
+It may be interesting to note in this connection that Canon Isaac
+Taylor, and Professor Sayce have but very recently awakened great
+interest in this question, in Europe especially, by the reading of
+papers before the British Philological Association, in which they argue
+in favor of the Finnic origin of the Aryans.  For this new theory these
+scholars present exceedingly strong evidence, and they conclude that
+the time of the separation of the Aryan from the Finnic stock must have
+been more than five thousand years ago.
+
+The Finnish nation has one of the most sonorous and flexible of
+languages.  Of the cultivated tongues of Europe, the Magyar, or
+Hungarian, bears the most positive signs of a deep-rooted similarity to
+the Finnish.  Both belong to the Ugrian stock of agglutinative
+languages, i.e., those which preserve the root most carefully, and
+effect all changes of grammar by suffixes attached to the original
+stein.  Grimin has shown that both Gothic and Icelandic present traces
+of Finnish influence.
+
+The musical element of a language, the vowels, are well developed in
+Finnish, and their due sequence is subject to strict rules of euphony.
+The dotted o; (equivalent to the French eu) of the first syllable must
+be followed by an e or an i.  The Finnish, like all Ugrian tongues,
+admits rhyme, but with reluctance, and prefers alliteration.  Their
+alphabet consists of but nineteen letters, and of these, b, c, d, f, g,
+are found only in a few foreign words, and many others are never found
+initial.
+
+One of the characteristic features of this language, and one that is
+likewise characteristic of the Magyar, Turkish, Mordvin, and other
+kindred tongues, consists in the frequent use of endearing diminutives.
+ By a series of suffixes to the names of human beings, birds, fishes,
+trees, plants, stones, metals, and even actions, events, and feelings,
+diminutives are obtained, which by their form, present the names so
+made in different colors; they become more naive, more childlike,
+eventually more roguish, or humorous, or pungent.  These traits can
+scarcely be rendered in English; for, as Robert Ferguson remarks: "The
+English language is not strong in diminutives, and therefore it lacks
+some of the most effective means for the expression of affectionate,
+tender, and familiar relations."  In this respect all translations from
+the Finnish into English necessarily must fall short of the original.
+The same might be said of the many emotional interjections in which the
+Finnish, in common with all Ugrian dialects, abounds.  With the
+exception of these two characteristics of the Ugrian languages, the
+chief beauties of the Finnish verse admit of an apt rendering into
+English.  The structure of the sentences is very simple indeed, and
+adverbs and adjectives are used sparingly.
+
+Finnish is the language of a people who live pre-eminently close to
+nature, and are at home amongst the animals of the wilderness, beasts
+and birds, winds, and woods, and waters, falling snows, and flying
+sands, and rolling rocks, and these are carefully distinguished by
+corresponding verbs of ever-changing acoustic import.  Conscious of the
+fact that, in a people like the Finns where nature and nature-worship
+form the centre of all their life, every word connected with the powers
+and elements of nature must be given its fall value, great care has
+been taken in rendering these finely shaded verbs.  A glance at the
+mythology of this interesting people will place the import of this
+remark in better view.
+
+In the earliest age of Suomi, it appears that the people worshiped the
+conspicuous objects in nature under their respective, sensible forms.
+All beings were persons.  The Sun, Moon, Stars, the Earth, the Air, and
+the Sea, were to the ancient Finns, living, self-conscious beings.
+Gradually the existence of invisible agencies and energies was
+recognized, and these were attributed to superior persons who lived
+independent of these visible entities, but at the same time were
+connected with them.  The basic idea in Finnish mythology seems to lie
+in this: that all objects in nature are governed by invisible deities,
+termed haltiat, regents or genii.  These haltiat, like members of the
+human family, have distinctive bodies and spirits; but the minor ones
+are somewhat immaterial and formless, and their existences are entirely
+independent of the objects in which they are particularly interested.
+They are all immortal, but they rank according to the relative
+importance of their respective charges.  The lower grades of the
+Finnish gods are sometimes subservient to the deities of greater
+powers, especially to those who rule respectively the air, the water,
+the field, and the forest.  Thus, Pilajatar, the daughter of the aspen,
+although as divine as Tapio, the god of the woodlands, is necessarily
+his servant.
+ One of the most notable characteristics of the Finnish mythology is
+the interdependence among the gods.  "Every deity", says Castren,
+"however petty he may be, rules in his own sphere as a substantial,
+independent power, or, to speak in the spirit of The Kalevala, as a
+self-ruling householder.  The god of the Polar-star only governs an
+insignificant spot in the vault of the sky, but on this spot he knows
+no master."
+
+The Finnish deities, like the ancient gods of Italy and Greece, are
+generally represented in pairs, and all the gods are probably wedded.
+They have their individual abodes and are surrounded by their
+respective families.  The Primary object of worship among the early
+Finns was most probably the visible sky with its sun, moon, and stars,
+its aurora-lights, its thunders and its lightnings.  The heavens
+themselves were thought divine.  Then a personal deity of the heavens,
+coupled with the name of his abode, was the next conception; finally
+this sky-god was chosen to represent the supreme Ruler.  To the sky,
+the sky-god, and the supreme God, the term Jumala (thunder-home) was
+given.
+
+In course of time, however, when the Finns came to have more purified
+ideas about religion, they called the sky Taivas and the sky-god Ukko.
+The word, Ukko, seems related to the Magyar Agg, old, and meant,
+therefore, an old being, a grandfather; but ultimately it came to be
+used exclusively as the name of the highest of the Finnish deities.
+Frost, snow, hail, ice, wind and rain, sunshine and shadow, are thought
+to come from the hands of Ukko.  He controls the clouds; he is called
+in The Kalevala, "The Leader of the Clouds," "The Shepherd of the
+Lamb-Clouds," "The God of the Breezes," "The Golden King," "The Silvern
+Ruler of the Air," and "The Father of the Heavens."  He wields the
+thunder-bolts, striking down the spirits of evil on the mountains, and
+is therefore termed, "The Thunderer," like the Greek Zeus, and his
+abode is called, "The Thunder-Home."  Ukko is often represented as
+sitting upon a cloud in the vault of the sky, and bearing on his
+shoulders the firmament, and therefore he is termed, "The Pivot of the
+Heavens."  He is armed as an omnipotent warrior; his fiery arrows are
+forged from copper, the lightning is his sword, and the rainbow his
+bow, still called Ukkon Kaari.  Like the German god, Thor, Ukko swings
+a hammer; and, finally, we find, in a vein of familiar symbolism, that
+his skirt sparkles with fire, that his stockings are blue, and his
+shoes, crimson colored.
+
+In the following runes, Ukko here and there interposes.  Thus, when the
+Sun and Moon were stolen from the heavens, and hidden away in a cave of
+the copper-bearing mountain, by the wicked hostess of the dismal
+Sariola, he, like Atlas in the mythology of Greece, relinquishes the
+support of the heavens, thunders along the borders of the darkened
+clouds, and strikes fire from his sword to kindle a new sun and a new
+moon.  Again, when Lemminkainen is hunting the fire-breathing horse of
+Piru, Ukko, invoked by the reckless hero, checks the speed of the
+mighty courser by opening the windows of heaven, and showering upon him
+flakes of snow, balls of ice, and hailstones of iron.  Usually,
+however, Ukko prefers to encourage a spirit of independence among his
+worshipers.  Often we find him, in the runes, refusing to heed the call
+of his people for help, as when Ilmatar, the daughter of the air,
+vainly invoked him to her aid, that Wainamoinen, already seven hundred
+years unborn, might be delivered.  So also Wainamoinen beseeches Ukko
+in vain to check the crimson streamlet flowing from his knee wounded by
+an axe in the hands of Hisi.  Ukko, however, with all his power, is by
+no means superior to the Sun, Moon, and other bodies dwelling in the
+heavens; they are uninfluenced by him, and are considered deities in
+their own right.  Thus, Paeivae means both sun and sun-god; Kun means
+moon and moon-god; and Taehti and Ottava designate the Polar-star and
+the Great Bear respectively, as well as the deities of these bodies.
+
+The Sun and the Moon have each a consort, and sons, and daughters.  Two
+sons only of Paeivae appear in The Kalevala, one comes to aid
+Wainamoinen in his efforts to destroy the mystic Fire-fish, by throwing
+from the heavens to the girdle of the hero, a "magic knife,
+silver-edged, and golden-handled;" the other son, Panu, the Fire-child,
+brings back to Kalevala the fire that bad been stolen by Louhi, the
+wicked hostess of Pohyola.  From this myth Castren argues that the
+ancient Finns regarded fire as a direct emanation from the Sun.  The
+daughters of the Sun, Moon, Great Bear, Polar-star, and of the other
+heavenly dignitaries, are represented as ever-young and beautiful
+maidens, sometimes seated on the bending branches of the forest-trees,
+sometimes on the crimson rims of the clouds, sometimes on the rainbow,
+sometimes on the dome of heaven.  These daughters are believed to be
+skilled to perfection in the arts of spinning and weaving,
+accomplishments probably attributed to them from the fanciful likeness
+of the rays of light to the warp of the weaver's web.
+
+The Sun's career of usefulness and beneficence in bringing light and
+life to Northland is seldom varied.  Occasionally he steps from his
+accustomed path to give important information to his suffering
+worshipers.  For example, when the Star and the Moon refuse the
+information, the Sun tells the Virgin Mariatta, where her golden infant
+lies bidden.
+
+
+  "Yonder is thy golden infant,
+  There thy holy babe lies sleeping,
+  Hidden to his belt in water,
+  Hidden in the reeds and rushes."
+
+
+Again when the devoted mother of the reckless hero, Lemminkainen,
+(chopped to pieces by the Sons Of Nana, as in the myth of Osiris) was
+raking together the fragments of his body from the river of Tuoui, and
+fearing that the sprites of the Death-stream might resent her
+intrusion, the Sun, in answer to her entreaties, throws his Powerful
+rays upon the dreaded Shades, and sinks them into a deep sleep, while
+the mother gathers up the fragments of her son's body in safety.  This
+rune of the Kalevala is particularly interesting as showing the belief
+that the dead can be restored to life through the blissful light of
+heaven.
+
+Among the other deities of the air are the Luonnotars, mystic maidens,
+three of whom were created by the rubbing of Ukko's hands upon his left
+knee.  They forthwith walk the crimson borders of the clouds, and one
+sprinkles white milk, one sprinkles red milk, and the third sprinkles
+black milk over the hills and mountains; thus they become the "mothers
+of iron," as related in the ninth rune of The Kalevala.  In the highest
+regions of the heavens, Untar, or Undutar, has her abode, and presides
+over mists and fogs.  These she passes through a silver sieve before
+sending them to the earth.  There are also goddesses of the winds, one
+especially noteworthy, Suvetar (suve, south, summer), the goddess of
+the south-wind.  She is represented as a kind-hearted deity, healing
+her sick and afflicted followers with honey, which she lets drop from
+the clouds, and she also keeps watch over the herds grazing in the
+fields and forests.
+Second only to air, water is the element held most in reverence by the
+Finns and their kindred tribes.  "It could hardly be otherwise," says
+Castren, "for as soon as the soul of the savage began to suspect that
+the godlike is spiritual, super-sensual, then, even though he continues
+to pay reverence to matter, he in general values it the more highly the
+less compact it is.  He sees on the one hand how easy it is to lose his
+life on the surging waves, and on the other, he sees that from these
+same waters he is nurtured, and his life prolonged."  Thus it is that
+the map of Finland is to this day full of names like Pyhojarvi (sacred
+lake) and Pyhajoki (sacred river).  Some of the Finlanders still offer
+goats and calves to these sacred waters; and many of the Ugrian clans
+still sacrifice the reindeer to the river Ob.  In Esthonia is a
+rivulet, Vohanda, held in such reverence that until very recently, none
+dared to fell a tree or cut a shrub in its immediate vicinity, lest
+death should overtake the offender within a year, in punishment for his
+sacrilege.  The lake, Eim, is still held sacred by the Esthonians, and
+the Eim-legend is thus told by F. Thiersch, quoted also by Grimm and by
+Mace da Charda:
+
+
+"Savage, evil men dwelt by its borders. They neither mowed the meadows
+which it watered, nor sowed the fields which it made fruitful, but
+robbed and murdered, insomuch that its clear waves grew dark with the
+blood of the slaughtered men.  Then did the lake Him mourn, and one
+evening it called together all its fishes, and rose aloft with them
+into the air.  When the robbers heard the sound, they exclaimed: 'Eim
+hath arisen; let us gather its fishes and treasures.'  But the fishes
+had departed with the lake, and nothing was found on the bottom but
+snakes, and lizards, and toads.  And Eim rose higher, and higher, and
+hastened through the air like a white cloud.  And the hunters in the
+forest said: 'What bad weather is coming on!'  The herdsmen said: 'What
+a white swan is flying above there!'  For the whole night the lake
+hovered among the stars, and in the morning the reapers beheld it
+sinking.  And from the swan grew a white ship, and from the ship a dark
+train of clouds; and a voice came from the waters: 'Get thee hence with
+thy harvest, for I will dwell beside thee.'  Then they bade the lake
+welcome, if it would only bedew their fields and meadows; and it sank
+down and spread itself out in its home to the full limits.  Then the
+lake made all the neighborhood fruitful, and the fields became green,
+and the people danced around it, so that the old men grew joyous as the
+youth."
+
+
+The chief water-god is Ahto, on the etymology of which the Finnish
+language throws little light.  It is curiously like Ahti, another name
+for the reckless Lemminkainen.  This water-god, or "Wave-host," as he
+is called, lives with his "cold and cruel-hearted spouse," Wellamo, at
+the bottom of the sea, in the chasms of the Salmon-rocks, where his
+palace, Ahtola, is constructed.  Besides the fish that swim in his
+dominions, particularly the salmon, the trout, the whiting, the perch,
+the herring, and the white-fish, he possesses a priceless treasure in
+the Sampo, the talisman of success, which Louhi, the hostess of
+Pohyola, dragged into the sea in her efforts to regain it from the
+heroes of Kalevala.  Ever eager for the treasures of others, and
+generally unwilling to return any that come into his possession, Ahto
+is not incapable of generosity.  For example, once when a shepherd lad
+was whittling a stick on the bank of a river, he dropped his knife into
+the stream.  Ahto, as in the fable, "Mercury and the Woodman," moved by
+the tears of the unfortunate lad, swam to the scene, dived to the
+bottom, brought up a knife of gold, and gave it to the young shepherd.
+Innocent and honest, the herd-boy said the knife was not his.  Then
+Ahto dived again, and brought up a knife of silver, which he gave to
+the lad, but this in turn was not accepted.  Thereupon the Wave-host
+dived again, and the third time brought the right knife to the boy who
+gladly recognized his own, and received it with gratitude.  To the
+shepherd-lad Ahto gave the three knives as a reward for his honesty.
+
+A general term for the other water-hosts living not only in the sea,
+but also in the rivers, lakes, cataracts, and fountains, is Ahtolaiset
+(inhabitants of Ahtola), "Water-people," "People of the Foam and
+Billow," "Wellamo's Eternal People."  Of these, some have specific
+names; as Allotar (wave-goddess), Koskenneiti (cataract-maiden),
+Melatar (goddess of the helm), and in The Kalevala these are sometimes
+personally invoked.  Of these minor deities, Pikku Mies (the Pigmy) is
+the most noteworthy.  Once when the far-outspreading branches of the
+primitive oak-tree shut out the light of the sun from Northland, Pikku
+Mies, moved by the entreaties of Wainamoinen, emerged from the sea in a
+suit of copper, with a copper hatchet in his belt, quickly grew from a
+pigmy to a gigantic hero, and felled the mighty oak with the third
+stroke of his axe.  In general the water-deities are helpful and full
+of kindness; some, however, as Wetehilien and Iku-Turso, find their
+greatest pleasure in annoying and destroying their fellow-beings.
+
+Originally the Finlanders regarded the earth as a godlike existence
+with personal powers, and represented as a beneficent mother bestowing
+peace and plenty on all her worthy worshipers.  In evidence of this we
+find the names, Maa-emae (mother-earth), and Maan-emo (mother of the
+earth), given to the Finnish Demeter.  She is always represented as a
+goddess of great powers, and, after suitable invocation, is ever
+willing and able to help her helpless sufferers.  She is according to
+some mythologists espoused to Ukko, who bestows upon her children the
+blessings of sunshine and rain, as Ge is wedded to Ouranos, Jordh to
+Odhin, and Papa to Rangi.
+
+Of the minor deities of the earth, who severally govern the plants,
+such as trees, rye, flax, and barley, Wirokannas only is mentioned in
+The Kalevala.  Once, for example, this "green robed Priest of the
+Forest" abandoned for a time his presidency over the cereals in order
+to baptize the infant-son of the Virgin Mariatta.  Once again
+Wirokannas left his native sphere of action, this time making a most
+miserable and ludicrous failure, when he emerged from the wilderness
+and attempted to slay the Finnish Taurus, as described in the runes
+that follow.  The agricultural deities, however, receive but little
+attention from the Finns, who, with their cold and cruel winters, and
+their short but delightful summers, naturally neglect the cultivation
+of the fields, for cattle-raising, fishing, and hunting.
+
+The forest deities proper, however, are held in high veneration.  Of
+these the chief is Tapio, "The Forest-Friend," "The Gracious God of the
+Woodlands."  He is represented as a very tall and slender divinity,
+wearing a long, brown board, a coat of tree-moss, and a high-crowned
+hat of fir-leaves.  His consort is Mielikki, "The Honey-rich Mother of
+the Woodland," "The Hostess of the Glen and Forest."  When the hunters
+were successful she was represented as beautiful and benignant, her
+hands glittering with gold and silver ornaments, wearing ear-rings and
+garlands of gold, with hair-bands silver-tinseled, on her forehead
+strings of pearls, and with blue stockings on her feet, and red strings
+in her shoes.  But if the game-bag came back empty, she was described
+as a hateful, hideous thing, robed in untidy rags, and shod with straw.
+ She carries the keys to the treasury of Metsola, her husband's abode,
+and her bountiful chest of honey, the food of all the forest-deities,
+is earnestly sought for by all the weary hunters of Suomi.  These
+deities are invariably described as gracious and tender-hearted,
+probably because they are all females with the exception of Tapio and
+his son, Nyrikki, a tall and stately youth who is engaged in building
+bridges over marshes and forest-streams, through which the herds must
+pass on their way to the woodland-pastures.  Nyrikki also busies
+himself in blazing the rocks and the trees to guide the heroes to their
+favorite hunting-grounds.  Sima-suu (honey-mouth), one of the tiny
+daughters of Tapio, by playing on her Sima-pilli (honey-flute), also
+acts as guide to the deserving hunters.
+
+Hiisi, the Finnish devil, bearing also the epithets, Juntas, Piru, and
+Lempo, is the chief of the forest-demons, and is inconceivably wicked.
+He was brought into the world consentaneously with Suoyatar, from whose
+spittle, as sung in The Kalevala, he formed the serpent.  This demon is
+described as cruel, horrible, hideous, and bloodthirsty, and all the
+most painful diseases and misfortunes that ever afflict mortals are
+supposed to emanate from him.  This demon, too, is thought by the
+Finlanders to have a hand in all the evil done in the world.
+
+Turning from the outer world to man, we find deities whose energies are
+used only in the domain of human existence.  "These deities," says
+Castren, "have no dealings with the higher, spiritual nature of man.
+All that they do concerns man solely as an object in nature.  Wisdom
+and law, virtue and justice, find in Finnish mythology no protector
+among the gods, who trouble themselves only about the temporal wants of
+humanity."  The Love-goddess was Sukkamieli (stocking-lover).
+"Stockings," says Castren gravely, "are soft and tender things, and the
+goddess of love was so called because she interests herself in the
+softest and tenderest feelings of the heart."  This conception,
+however, is as farfetched as it is modern.  The Love-deity of the
+ancient Finns was Lempo, the evil-demon.  It is more reasonable
+therefore to suppose that the Finns chose the son of Evil to look after
+the feelings of the human heart, because they regarded love as an
+insufferable passion, or frenzy, that bordered on insanity, and incited
+in some mysterious manner by an evil enchanter.
+
+Uni is the god of sleep, and is described as a kind-hearted and welcome
+deity.  Untamo is the god of dreams, and is always spoken of as the
+personification of indolence.  Munu tenderly looks after the welfare of
+the human eye.  This deity, to say the least is an oculist of long and
+varied experience, in all probability often consulted in Finland
+because of the blinding snows and piercing winds of the north.  Lemmas
+is a goddess in the mythology of the Finns who dresses the wounds of
+her faithful sufferers, and subdues their pains.  Suonetar is another
+goddess of the human frame, and plays a curious and important part in
+the restoration to life of the reckless Lemminkainen, as described in
+the following runes.  She busies herself in spinning veins, and in
+sewing up the wounded tissues of such deserving worshipers as need her
+surgical skill.
+
+Other deities associated with the welfare of mankind are the Sinettaret
+and Kankahattaret, the goddesses respectively of dyeing and weaving.
+Matka-Teppo is their road-god, and busies himself in caring for horses
+that are over-worked, and in looking after the interests of weary
+travellers.  Aarni is the guardian of hidden treasures.  This important
+office is also filled by a hideous old deity named Mammelainen, whom
+Renwall, the Finnish lexicographer, describes as "femina maligna,
+matrix serpentis, divitiarum subterranearum custos," a malignant woman,
+the mother of the snake, and the guardian of subterranean treasures.
+From this conception it is evident that the idea of a kinship between
+serpents and hidden treasures frequently met with in the myths of the
+Hungarians, Germans, and Slavs, is not foreign to the Finns.
+
+Nowhere are the inconsistencies of human theory and practice more
+curiously and forcibly shown than in the custom in vogue among the
+clans of Finland who are not believers in a future life, but,
+notwithstanding, perform such funereal ceremonies as the burying in the
+graves of the dead, knives, hatchets, spears, bows, and arrows,
+kettles, food, clothing, sledges and snow-shoes, thus bearing witness
+to their practical recognition of some form of life beyond the grave.
+The ancient Finns occasionally craved advice and assistance from the
+dead.  Thus, as described in The Kalevala, when the hero of Wainola
+needed three words of master-magic wherewith to finish the boat in
+which he was to sail to win the mystic maiden of Sariola, he first
+looked in the brain of the white squirrel, then in the mouth of the
+white-swan when dying, but all in vain; then he journeyed to the
+kingdom of Tuoni, and failing there, he "struggled over the points of
+needles, over the blades of swords, over the edges of hatchets" to the
+grave of the ancient wisdom-bard, Antero Wipunen, where he "found the
+lost-words of the Master."  In this legend of The Kalevala, exceedingly
+interesting, instructive, and curious, are found, apparently, the
+remote vestiges of ancient Masonry.
+
+It would seem that the earliest beliefs of the Finns regarding the dead
+centred in this: that their spirits remained in their graves until
+after the complete disintegration of their bodies, over which Kalma,
+the god of the tombs, with his black and evil daughter, presided.
+After their spirits had been fully purified, they were then admitted to
+the Kingdom of Manala in the under world.  Those journeying to Tuonela
+were required to voyage over nine seas, and over one river, the Finnish
+Styx, black, deep, and violent, and filled with hungry whirlpools, and
+angry waterfalls.
+
+Like Helheim of Scandinavian mythology, Manala, or Tuonela, was
+considered as corresponding to the upper world.  The Sun and the Moon
+visited there; fen and forest gave a home to the wolf, the bear, the
+elk, the serpent, and the songbird; the salmon, the whiting, the perch,
+and the pike were sheltered in the "coal-black waters of Manala."  From
+the seed-grains of the death-land fields and forests, the Tuoni-worm
+(the serpent) had taken its teeth.  Tuoui, or Mana, the god of the
+under world, is represented as a hard-hearted, and frightful, old
+personage with three iron-pointed fingers on each hand, and wearing a
+hat drawn down to his shoulders.  As in the original conception of
+Hades, Tuoni was thought to be the leader of the dead to their
+subterranean home, as well as their counsellor, guardian, and ruler.
+In the capacity of ruler he was assisted by his wife, a hideous,
+horrible, old witch with "crooked, copper-fingers iron-pointed," with
+deformed head and distorted features, and uniformly spoken of in irony
+in the Kalevala as "hyva emanta," the good hostess; she feasted her
+guests on lizards, worms, toads, and writhing serpents.  Tuouen Poika,
+"The God of the Red Cheeks," so called because of his bloodthirstiness
+and constant cruelties, is the son and accomplice of this merciless and
+hideous pair.
+
+Three daughters of Tuoni are mentioned in the runes, the first of whom,
+a tiny, black maiden, but great in wickedness, once at least showed a
+touch of human kindness when she vainly urged Wainamoinen not to cross
+the river of Tuoui, assuring the hero that while many visit Manala, few
+return, because of their inability to brave her father's wrath.
+Finally, after much entreaty, she ferried him over the Finnish Styx,
+like Charon, the son of Erebus and Nox, in the mythology of Greece.
+The second daughter of Tuoni is Lowyatar, black and blind, and is
+described as still more malignant and loathsome than the first.
+Through the East-wind's impregnation she brought forth the spirits of
+the nine diseases most dreaded by mankind, as described in the 45th
+Rune of the Kalevala:
+
+
+  "Colic, Pleurisy, and Fever.
+  Ulcer, Plague, and dread Consumption,
+  Gout, Sterility, and Cancer."
+
+
+The third daughter of Tuoni combines the malevolent and repugnant
+attributes of her two sisters, and is represented as the mother and
+hostess of the impersonal diseases of mankind.  The Finns regarded all
+human ailments as evil spirits or indwelling devils, some formless,
+others taking the shapes of the most odious forms of animal life, as
+worms and mites; the nine, however, described above, were conceived to
+have human forms.
+
+Where the three arms of the Tuoni river meet a frightful rock arises,
+called Kipu-Kivi, or Kipuvuori, in a dungeon beneath which the spirits
+of all diseases are imprisoned.  On this rock the third daughter of
+Tuoui sits, constantly whirling it round like a millstone, grinding her
+subjects until they escape and go forth to torture and slay the
+children of men; as in Hindu mythology, Kali (black) sits in judgment
+on the dead.
+
+Various other spiritual powers than gods and goddesses are held in high
+reverence by the Finns.  Tontu is represented as a kind-hearted
+house-spirit, a sort of diminutive Cyclops, and offerings of bread and
+broth are made to him every morning.  Putting a mare's collar on one's
+neck and walking nine times around a church is thought to be a certain
+means of attracting one to the place desired.  Para is a mystical,
+three-legged being, constructed in many ways, and which, according to
+Castren, attains life and action when its possessor, cutting the little
+finger of his left hand, lets three drops of blood fall upon it, and at
+the same time pronouncing the proper magic word.  The possessor, by
+whatever means, of this mystic being, is always supplied with abundance
+of milk and cheese.  The Maahiset are the dwarfs of Finnish mythology.
+Their abode is under stumps, trees, blocks, thresholds and
+hearth-stones.  Though exceedingly minute and invisible to man they
+have human forms.  They are irritable and resentful, and they punish
+with ulcers, tetter, ringworms, pimples, and other cutaneous
+affections, all those who neglect them at brewings, bakings, and
+feastings.  They punish in a similar manner those who enter new houses
+without making obeisance to the four corners, and paying them other
+kindly attentions; those who live in untidy houses are also likewise
+punished.  The Kirkonwaeki (church-folk) are little deformed beings
+living under the altars of churches.  These misshapen things are
+supposed to be able to aid their sorrowing and suffering worshipers.
+
+Certain beasts, and birds, and trees, are held sacred in Finland.  In
+the Kalevala are evident traces of arctolatry, bear-worship, once very
+common among the tribes of the north, Otso, the bear, according to
+Finnish mythology, was born on the shoulders of Otava, in the regions
+of the sun and moon, and "nursed by a goddess of the woodlands in a
+cradle swung by bands of gold between the bending branches of budding
+fir-trees."  His nurse would not give him teeth and claws until he had
+promised never to engage in bloody strife, or deeds of violence.  Otso,
+however, does not always keep his pledge, and accordingly the hunters
+of Finland find it comparatively easy to reconcile their consciences to
+his destruction.  Otso is called in the runes by many endearing titles
+as "The Honey-Eater," "Golden Light-Foot," "The Forest-Apple,"
+"Honey-Paw of the Mountains," "ThePride of the Thicket," "The Fur-robed
+Forest-Friend."  Ahava, the West-wind, and Penitar, a blind old witch
+of Sariola, are the parents of the swift dogs of Finland, just as the
+horses of Achilles, Xanthos and Belios, sprang from Zephyros and the
+harpy Podarge.
+
+As to birds, the duck, according to the Kalevala, the eagle, according
+to other traditions, lays the mundane egg, thus taking part in the
+creation of the world.  Puhuri, the north-wind, the father of Pakkanen
+(frost) is sometimes personified as a gigantic eagle.  The didapper is
+reverenced because it foretells the approach of rain.  Linnunrata
+(bird-path) is the name given to the Milky-way, due probably to a myth
+like those of the Swedes and Slavs, in which liberated songs take the
+form of snow-white dovelets.  The cuckoo to this day is sacred, and is
+believed to have fertilized the earth with his songs.  As to insects,
+honey-bees, called by the Finns, Mehilainen, are especially sacred, as
+in the mythologies of many other nations.  Ukkon-koiva (Ukko's dog) is
+the Finnish name for the butterfly, and is looked upon as a messenger
+of the Supreme Deity.  It may be interesting to observe here that the
+Bretons in reverence called butterflies, "feathers from the wings of
+God."
+
+As to inanimate nature, certain lakes, rivers, springs, and fountains,
+are held in high reverence.  In the Kalevala the oak is called Pun
+Jumalan (God's tree).  The mountain-ash even to this day, and the
+birch-tree, are held sacred, and peasants plant them by their cottages
+with reverence.
+
+Respecting the giants of Finnish mythology, Castren is silent, and the
+following notes are gleaned from the Kalevala, and from Grimm's
+Teutonic Mythology.  "The giants," says Grimm, "are distinguished by
+their cunning and ferocity from the stupid, good-natured monsters of
+Germany and Scandinavia."  Soini, for example a synonym of Kullervo,
+the here of the saddest episode of the Kalevala when only three days
+old, tore his swaddling clothes to tatters.  When sold to a forgeman of
+Karelia, he was ordered to nurse an infant, but he dug out the eyes of
+the child, killed it, and burned its cradle.  Ordered to fence the
+fields, he built a fence from earth to heaven, using entire pine-trees
+for fencing materials, and interweaving their branches with venomous
+serpents.  Ordered to tend the herds in the woodlands, he changed the
+cattle to wolves and bears, and drove them home to destroy his mistress
+because she had baked a stone in the centre of his oat-loaf, causing
+him to break his knife, the only keepsake of his people.
+
+Regarding the heroes of the Kalevala, much discussion has arisen as to
+their place in Finnish mythology.  The Finns proper regard the chief
+heroes of the Suomi epic, Wainamoinen, Ilmarinen, and Lemminkainen, as
+descendants of the Celestial Virgin, Ilmatar, impregnated by the winds
+when Ilma (air), Light, and Water were the only material existences.
+In harmony with this conception we find in the Kalevala, a description
+of the birth of Wainamoinen, or Vaino, as he is sometimes called in the
+original, a word probably akin to the Magyar Ven, old.  The Esthonians
+regard these heroes as sons of the Great Spirit, begotten before the
+earth was created, and dwelling with their Supreme Ruler in Jumala.
+
+The poetry of a people with such an elaborate mythology and with such a
+keen and appreciative sense of nature and of her various phenomena, was
+certain, sooner or later, to attract the attention of scholars.  And,
+in fact, as early as the seventeenth century, we meet men of literary
+tastes who tried to collect and interpret the various national songs of
+the Finns.  Among these were Palmskold and Peter Bang.  They collected
+portions of the national poetry, consisting chiefly of
+wizard-incantations, and all kinds of pagan folk-lore.  Gabriel
+Maxenius, however, was the first to publish a work on Finnish national
+poetry, which brought to light the beauties of the Kalevala.  It
+appeared in 1733, and bore the title: De Effectibus Naturalibus.  The
+book contains a quaint collection of Finnish poems in lyric forms,
+chiefly incantations; but the author was entirely at a loss how to
+account for them, or how to appreciate them.  He failed to see their
+intimate connection with the religious worship of the Finns in paganism.
+
+The next to study the Finnish poetry and language was Daniel Juslenius,
+a celebrated bishop, and a highly-gifted scholar.  In a dissertation,
+published as early as 1700, entitled, Aboa vetus et nova, he discussed
+the origin and nature of the Finnish language; and in another work of
+his, printed in 1745, he treated of Finnish incantations, displaying
+withal a thorough understanding of the Finnish folk-lore, and of the
+importance of the Finnish language and national poetry.  With great
+care he began to collect the songs of Suomi, but this precious
+collection was unfortunately burned.
+
+Porthan, a Finnish scholar of great attainments, born in 1766,
+continuing the work of Juslenius, accumulated a great number of
+national songs and poems, and by his profound enthusiasm for the
+promotion of Finnish literature, succeeded in founding the Society of
+the Fennophils, which to the present day, forms the literary centre of
+Finland.  Among his pupils were E. Lenquist, and Chr. Ganander, whose
+works on Finnish mythology are among the references used in preparing
+this preface.  These indefatigable scholars were joined by Reinhold
+Becker and others, who were industriously searching for more and more
+fragments of what evidently was a great epic of the Finns.  For
+certainly neither of the scholars just mentioned, nor earlier
+investigators, could fail to see that the runes they collected,
+gathered round two or three chief heroes, but more especially around
+the central figure of Wainamoinen, the hero of the following epic.
+
+The Kalevala proper was collected by two great Finnish scholars,
+Zacharias Topelius and Elias Lonnrot.  Both were practicing physicians,
+and in this capacity came into frequent contact with the people of
+Finland.  Topelius, who collected eighty epical fragments of the
+Kalevala, spent the last eleven years of his life in bed, afflicted
+with a fatal disease.  But this sad and trying circumstance did not
+dampen his enthusiasm.  His manner of collecting these songs was as
+follows: Knowing that the Finns of Russia preserved most of the
+national poetry, and that they came annually to Finland proper, which
+at that time did not belong to Russia, he invited these itinerant
+Finnish merchants to his bedside, and induced them to sing their heroic
+poems, which he copied as they were uttered.  And, when he heard of a
+renowned Finnish singer, or minstrel, he did all in his power to bring
+the song-man to his house, in order that he might gather new fragments
+of the national epic.  Thus the first glory of collecting the fragments
+of the Kalevala and of rescuing it from literary oblivion, belongs to
+Topelius.  In 1822 he published his first collections, and in 18317 his
+last.
+
+Elias Lonnrot, who brought the whole work to a glorious completion, was
+born April 9, 1802.  He entered the University of Abo in 1822, and in
+1832, received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of
+Helsingfors.  After the death of Castren in 1850, Lonnrot was appointed
+professor of the Suomi (Finnish) language and literature in the
+University, where he remained until 1862, at which time he withdrew
+from his academical activity and devoted himself exclusively to the
+study of his native language, and its epical productions.  Dr. Lonnrot
+had already published a scholarly treatise, in 1827, on the chief hero
+of the Kalevala, before he went to Sava and Karjala to glean the songs
+and parts of songs front the lips of the people.  This work was
+entitled: De Wainainoine priscorum Fennorum numine.  In the year 1828,
+he travelled as far as Kajan, collecting poems and songs of the Finnish
+people, sitting by the fireside of the aged, rowing on the lakes with
+the fishermen, and following the flocks with the shepherds.  In 1829 he
+published at Helsingfors a work under the following title: Kantele
+taikka Suomee Kansan sek vazhoja etta nykysempia Runoja ja Lauluja
+(Lyre, or Old and New Songs and Lays of the Finnish Nation).  In
+another work edited in 1832, written in Swedish, entitled: Om Finnarues
+Magiska Medicin (On the Magic Medicine of the Finns), he dwells on the
+incantations so frequent in Finnish poetry, notably in the Kalevala.  A
+few years later he travelled in the province of Archangel, and so
+ingratiated himself into the hearts of the simple-minded people that
+they most willingly aided him in collecting these songs.  These
+journeys were made through wild fens, forests, marshes, and ice-plains,
+on horseback, in sledges drawn by the reindeer, in canoes, or in some
+other forms of primitive conveyance.  The enthusiastic physician
+described his journeyings and difficulties faithfully in a paper
+published at Helsingfors in Swedish in 1834.  He had the peculiar good
+luck to meet an old peasant, one of the oldest of the runolainen in the
+Russian province of Wuokiniem, who was by far the most renowned
+minstrel of the country, and with whose closely impending death,
+numerous very precious runes would have been irrevocably lost.
+
+The happy result of his travels throughout Finland, Dr. Lonnrot now
+commenced to arrange under the central idea of a great epic, called
+Kalevala, and in February, 1835, the manuscript was transmitted to the
+Finnish Literary Society, which had it published in two parts.
+Lonnrot, however, did not stop here; he went on searching and
+collecting, and, in 1840, had brought together more than one thousand
+fragments of epical poetry, national ballads, and proverbs.  These he
+published in two works, respectively entitled, Kanteletar (Lyre-charm),
+and The Proverbs of the Suomi People, the latter containing over 1700
+proverbs, adages, gnomic sentences, and songs.
+
+His example was followed by many of his enthusiastic countrymen, the
+more prominent of whom are Castren, Europaeus, Polen and Reniholm.
+Through the collections of these scholars so many additional parts of
+the epical treasure of Finland were made public that a new edition of
+the Kalevala soon became an imperative necessity.  The task of sifting,
+arranging, and organizing the extensive material, was again allotted to
+Dr. Lonnrot, and in his second editions of the Kalevala, which appeared
+in 1849, the epic, embracing fifty runes and 22,793 lines, had reached
+its mature form.  The Kalevala was no sooner published than it
+attracted the attention of the leading scholars of Europe.  Men of such
+world-wide fame as Jacob Grimm, Steinthal, Uhland, Carriere and Max Mueller
+hastened to acknowledge its surpassing value and intrinsic beauty.
+Jacob Grimm, in a separate treatise, published in his Kleinere
+Schriften, said that the genuineness and extraordinary value of the
+Kalevala is easily proved by the fact that from its mythological ideas
+we can frequently interpret the mythological conceptions of the ancient
+Germans, whereas the poems of Ossian manifest their modern origin by
+their inability to clear up questions of old Saxon or German mythology.
+ Grimm, furthermore, shows that both the Gothic and Icelandic
+literatures display unmistakable features of Finnish influence.
+
+Max Mueller places the Kalevala on a level with the greatest epics of the
+world.  These are his words:
+
+
+"From the mouths of the aged an epic poem has been collected equalling
+the Iliad in length and completeness; nay, if we can forget for a
+moment, all that we in our youth learned to call beautiful, not less
+beautiful.  A Finn is not a Greek, and Wainamoinen was not a Homer
+[Achilles?]; but if the poet may take his colors from that nature by
+which he is surrounded, if he may depict the men with whom he lives,
+the Kalevala possesses merits not dissimilar from those of the Illiad,
+and will claim its place as the fifth national epic of the world, side
+by side with the Ionian Songs, with the Mahabharata, the Shalinameth,
+and the Nibelunge."
+
+
+Steinthal recognizes but four great national epics, viz., the Iliad,
+Kalevala, Nibelunge and the Roland Songs.
+
+The Kalevala describes Finnish nature very minutely and very
+beautifully.  Grimm says that no poem is to be compared with it in this
+respect, unless it be some of the epics of India.  It has been
+translated into several European languages; into Swedish by Alex.
+Castren, in 1844; into French prose by L. LeDuc, in 1845; into German
+by Anton Schiefuer, in 1852; into Hungarian by Ferdinand Barna, in
+1871; and a very small portion of it--the legend of Aino--into English,
+in 1868, by the late Prof. John A. Porter, of Yale College.  It must
+remain a matter of universal regret to the English-speaking people that
+Prof. Porter's life could not have been spared to finish the great work
+he had so beautifully begun.
+
+Some of the most convincing evidences of the genuineness and great age
+of the Kalevala have been supplied by the Hungarian translator.  The
+Hungarians, as is well known, are closely related to the Finns, and
+their language, the Magyar dialect, has the same characteristic
+features as the Finnish tongue.  Barna's translation, accordingly, is
+the best rendering of the original.  In order to show the genuineness
+and antiquity of the Kalevala, Barna adduces a Hungarian book written
+by a certain Peter Bornemissza, in 1578, entitled ordogi Kisertetekrol
+(on Satanic Specters), the unique copy of which he found in the library
+of the University of Budapest.  In this book Bornemissza collected all
+the incantations (raolvasasok) in use among Hungarian country-people of
+his day for the expulsion of diseases and misfortunes.  These
+incantations, forming the common stock of all Ugrian peoples, of which
+the Finns and Hungarians are branches, display a most satisfactory
+sameness with the numerous incantations of the Kalevala used for the
+same purpose.  Barna published an elaborate treatise on this subject;
+it appeared in the, Transactions of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
+Philological Department, for 1870.  Again, in 1868, twenty-two
+Hungarian deeds, dating from 1616-1660, were sent to the Hungarian
+Academy of Sciences, as having been found in the Hegyalja, where the
+celebrated wine of Tokay is made.  These deeds contained several
+contracts for the sale of vineyards, and at the end of each deed the
+customary cup of wine was said to have been emptied by both parties to
+the contract.  This cup of wine, in the deeds, was termed, "Ukkon's
+cup."  Ukko, however, is the chief God according to Finnish mythology,
+and thus the coincidence of the Magyar Ukkon and the Finnish Ukko was
+placed beyond doubt.
+
+The Kalevala (the Land of Heroes) relates the ever-varying contests
+between the Finns and the "darksome Laplanders", just as the Iliad
+relates the contests between the Greeks and the Trojans.  Castren is of
+the opinion that the enmity between the Finns and the Lapps was sung
+long before the Finns had left their Asiatic birth-place.
+
+A deeper and more esoteric meaning of the Kalevala, however, points to
+a contest between Light and Darkness, Good and Evil; the Finns
+representing the Light and the Good, and the Lapps, the Darkness and
+the Evil.  Like the Niebelungs, the heroes of the Finns woo for brides
+the beauteous maidens of the North; and the similarity is rendered
+still more striking by their frequent inroads into the country of the
+Lapps, in order to possess themselves of the envied treasure of
+Lapland, the mysterious Sampo, evidently the Golden Fleece of the
+Argonautic expedition.  Curiously enough public opinion is often
+expressed in the runes, in the words of an infant; often too the
+unexpected is introduced after the manner of the Greek dramas, by a
+young child, or an old man.
+
+The whole poem is replete with the most fascinating folk-lore about the
+mysteries of nature, the origin of things, the enigmas of human tears,
+and, true to the character of a national epic, it represents not only
+the poetry, but the entire wisdom and accumulated experience of a
+nation.  Among others, there is a profoundly philosophical trait in the
+poem, indicative of a deep insight into the workings of the human mind,
+and into the forces of nature.  Whenever one of the heroes of the
+Kalevala wishes to overcome the aggressive power of an evil force, as a
+wound, a disease, a ferocious beast, or a venomous serpent, he achieves
+his purpose by chanting the origin of the inimical force.  The thought
+underlying this idea evidently is that all evil could be obviated had
+we but the knowledge of whence and how it came.
+
+The numerous myths of the poem are likewise full of significance and
+beauty, and the Kalevala should be read between the lines, in order
+that the fall meaning of this great epic may be comprehended.  Even
+such a hideous impersonation as that of Kullerwoinen, is rich with
+pointed meaning, showing as it does, the incorrigibility of ingrained
+evil.  This legend, like all others of the poem, has its deep-running
+stream of esoteric interpretation.  The Kalevala, perhaps, more than
+any other, uses its lines on the surface in symbolism to point the
+human mind to the brighter gems of truth beneath.
+
+The three main personages, Wainamoinen, the ancient singer, Ilmarinen,
+the eternal forgeman, and Lemminkainen, the reckless wizard, as
+mentioned above, are conceived as being of divine origin.  In fact, the
+acting characters of the Kalevala are mostly superhuman, magic beings.
+Even the female actors are powerful sorceresses, and the hostess of
+Pohyola, especially, braves the might of all the enchanters of Wainola
+combined.  The power of magic is a striking feature of the poem.  Here,
+as in the legends of no other people, do the heroes and demi-gods
+accomplish nearly everything by magic.  The songs of Wainamoinen disarm
+his opponents; they quiet the angry sea; they give warmth to the new
+sun and the new moon which his brother, Ilmarinen, forges from the
+magic metals; they give life to the spouse of Ilmarinen, which the
+"eternal metal-artist" forges from gold, silver, and copper.  In fact
+we are among a people that endows everything with life, and with human
+and divine attributes. Birds, and beasts, and fishes, and serpents, as
+well as the Sun, the Moon, the Great Bear, and the stars, are either
+kind or unkind.  Drops of blood find speech; men and maidens transform
+themselves into other shapes and resume again their native forms at
+will; ships, and trees, and waters, have magic powers; in short, all
+nature speaks in human tongues.
+
+The Kalevala dates back to an enormous antiquity.  One reason for
+believing this, lies in the silence of the Kalevala about Russians,
+Germans, or Swedes, their neighbors.  This evidently shows that the
+poem must have been composed at a time when these nations had but very
+little or no intercourse with the Finns.  The coincidence between the
+incantations adduced above, proves that these witch-songs date from a
+time when the Hungarians and the Finns were still united as one people;
+in other words, to a time at least 3000 years ago.  The whole poem
+betrays no important signs of foreign influence, and in its entire
+tenor is a thoroughly pagan epic.  There are excellent reasons for
+believing that the story of Mariatta, recited in the 50th Rune, is an
+ante-Christian legend.
+
+An additional proof of the originality and independent rise of the
+Kalevala is to be found in its metre.  All genuine poetry must have its
+peculiar verse, just as snow-flakes cannot exist without their peculiar
+crystalizations.  It is thus that the Iliad is inseparably united, and,
+as it were, immersed in the stately hexametre, and the French epics, in
+the graceful Alexandrine verse.  The metre of the Kalevala is the
+"eight-syllabled trochaic, with the part-line echo," and is the
+characteristic verse of the Finns.  The natural speech of this people
+is poetry.  The young men and maidens, the old men and matrons, in
+their interchange of ideas, unwittingly fall into verse.  The genius of
+their language aids to this end, inasmuch as their words are strongly
+trochaic.
+
+This wonderfully versatile metre admits of keeping the right medium
+between the dignified, almost prancing hexameter, and the shorter
+metres of the lyrics.  Its feet are nimble and fleet, but yet full of
+vigor and expressiveness.  In addition, the Kalevala uses alliteration,
+and thus varies the rhythm of time with the rhythm of sound.  This
+metre is especially fit for the numerous expressions of endearment in
+which the Finnish epic abounds.  It is more especially the love of the
+mother for her children, and the love of the children for their mother,
+that find frequent and ever-tender expression in the sonorous lines of
+the Kalevala.  The Swedish translation by Castren, the German, by
+Schiefner, and the Hungarian, by Barna, as well as the following
+English translation, are in the original metre of the Kalevala.
+
+To prove that this peculiar and fascinating style of verse is of very
+ancient origin, the following lines have been accurately copied from
+the first edition in Finnish of the Kalevala, collated by Dr. Lonnrot,
+and published in 1835 at Helsingfors, the quotation beginning with the
+150th line of the 2nd Rune:
+
+
+  Louhi Pohjolan emanta
+  Sanan wirkko, noin nimesi:
+  "Niin mita minulleannat,
+  Kun saatan omille maille,
+  Oman pellon pientarelle,
+  Oman pihan rikkasille?"
+  Sano wanha Wainamoinen:
+  "Mitapa kysyt minulta,
+  Kun saatat omille maille,
+  Oman kaen kukkumille,
+  Oman kukon kukkluwille,
+  Oman saunan lampimille?"
+  Sano Pohjolan emanta:
+  "Ohoh wiisas Wainamoinen!
+  Taiatko takoa sammon,
+  Kirjokannen kirjaella,
+  Yhen joukkosen sulasta,
+  Yhen willan kylkyesta,
+  Yhen otrasen jywasta,
+  Yhen warttinan muruista."
+
+
+As to the architecture of the Kalevala, it stands midway between the
+epical ballads of the Servians and the purely epical structure of the
+Iliad.  Though a continuous whole, it contains several almost
+independent parts, as the contest of Youkahainen, the Kullervo episode,
+and the legend of Mariatta.
+
+By language-masters this epic of Suomi, descending unwritten from the
+mythical age to the present day, kept alive from generation to
+generation by minstrels, or song-men, is regarded as one of the most
+precious contributions to the literature of the world, made since the
+time of Milton and the German classics.
+
+Acknowledgment is hereby made to the following sources of information
+used in the preparation of this work: to E. Lenquist's De Superstitione
+veterum Fennorum theoretica et practica; to Chr. Ganander's Mythologia
+Fennica; to Becker's De Vainamoine; to Max Mueller's Oxford Essays; to
+Prof. John A. Porter's Selections from the Kalevala; to the writings of
+the two Grimms; to Latham's Native Races of the Russian Empire; to the
+translations of the Kalevala by Alex. Castren, Anton Schieffier, L.
+LeDuc and Ferdinand Barna; and especially to the excellent treatises on
+the Kalevala, and on the Mythology of the Finns, by Mace Da Charda and
+Alex. Castren; to Prof. Helena Klingner, of Cincinnati, a linguist of
+high rank, and who has compared very conscientiously the manuscript of
+the following pages with the German translation of the Kalevala by
+Anton Schiefner; to Dr. Emil Reich, a native Hungarian, a close student
+of the Ugrian tongues, who, in a most thorough manner, has compared
+this translation with the Hungarian by Ferdinand Barna, and who,
+familiar with the habits, customs, and religious notions of the Finns,
+has furnished much valuable material used in the preparation of this
+preface; and, finally, to Prof. Thomas C. Porter, D.D., LL.D., of
+Lafayette College, who has become an authority on the Kalevala through
+his own researches for many years, aided by a long and intimate
+acquaintance with Prof. A. F. Soldan, a Finn by birth, an enthusiastic
+lover of his country, a scholar of great attainments, acquainted with
+many languages, and once at the head of the Imperial Mint at
+Helsingfors, the capital of Finland. Prof. Porter has very kindly
+placed in the hands of the author of these pages, all the literature on
+this subject at his command, including his own writings; he has watched
+the growth of this translation with unusual interest; and, with the eye
+of a gifted poet and scholar, he has made two careful and critical
+examinations of the entire manuscript, making annotations, emendations,
+and corrections, by which this work has been greatly improved.
+
+With this prolonged introduction, this, the first English translation
+of the Kalevala, with its many imperfections, is hesitatingly given to
+the public.
+
+
+JOHN MARTIN CRAWFORD.
+  October 1, 1887.
+
+
+
+
+THE KALEVALA.
+
+
+
+PROEM.
+
+
+  MASTERED by desire impulsive,
+  By a mighty inward urging,
+  I am ready now for singing,
+  Ready to begin the chanting
+  Of our nation's ancient folk-song
+  Handed down from by-gone ages.
+  In my mouth the words are melting,
+  From my lips the tones are gliding,
+  From my tongue they wish to hasten;
+  When my willing teeth are parted,
+  When my ready mouth is opened,
+  Songs of ancient wit and wisdom
+  Hasten from me not unwilling.
+  Golden friend, and dearest brother,
+  Brother dear of mine in childhood,
+  Come and sing with me the stories,
+  Come and chant with me the legends,
+  Legends of the times forgotten,
+  Since we now are here together,
+  Come together from our roamings.
+  Seldom do we come for singing,
+  Seldom to the one, the other,
+  O'er this cold and cruel country,
+  O'er the poor soil of the Northland.
+  Let us clasp our hands together
+  That we thus may best remember.
+  Join we now in merry singing,
+  Chant we now the oldest folk-lore,
+  That the dear ones all may hear them,
+  That the well-inclined may hear them,
+  Of this rising generation.
+  These are words in childhood taught me,
+  Songs preserved from distant ages,
+  Legends they that once were taken
+  From the belt of Wainamoinen,
+  From the forge of Ilmarinen,
+  From the sword of Kaukomieli,
+  From the bow of Youkahainen,
+  From the pastures of the Northland,
+  From the meads of Kalevala.
+  These my dear old father sang me
+  When at work with knife and hatchet
+  These my tender mother taught me
+  When she twirled the flying spindle,
+  When a child upon the matting
+  By her feet I rolled and tumbled.
+  Incantations were not wanting
+  Over Sampo and o'er Louhi,
+  Sampo growing old in singing,
+  Louhi ceasing her enchantment.
+  In the songs died wise Wipunen,
+  At the games died Lemminkainen.
+  There are many other legends,
+  Incantations that were taught me,
+  That I found along the wayside,
+  Gathered in the fragrant copses,
+  Blown me from the forest branches,
+  Culled among the plumes of pine-trees,
+  Scented from the vines and flowers,
+  Whispered to me as I followed
+  Flocks in land of honeyed meadows,
+  Over hillocks green and golden,
+  After sable-haired Murikki,
+  And the many-colored Kimmo.
+  Many runes the cold has told me,
+  Many lays the rain has brought me,
+  Other songs the winds have sung me;
+  Many birds from many forests,
+  Oft have sung me lays n concord
+  Waves of sea, and ocean billows,
+  Music from the many waters,
+  Music from the whole creation,
+  Oft have been my guide and master.
+  Sentences the trees created,
+  Rolled together into bundles,
+  Moved them to my ancient dwelling,
+  On the sledges to my cottage,
+  Tied them to my garret rafters,
+  Hung them on my dwelling-portals,
+  Laid them in a chest of boxes,
+  Boxes lined with shining copper.
+  Long they lay within my dwelling
+  Through the chilling winds of winter,
+  In my dwelling-place for ages.
+  Shall I bring these songs together
+  From the cold and frost collect them?
+  Shall I bring this nest of boxes,
+  Keepers of these golden legends,
+  To the table in my cabin,
+  Underneath the painted rafters,
+  In this house renowned and ancient?
+  Shall I now these boxes open,
+  Boxes filled with wondrous stories?
+  Shall I now the end unfasten
+  Of this ball of ancient wisdom,
+  These ancestral lays unravel?
+  Let me sing an old-time legend,
+  That shall echo forth the praises
+  Of the beer that I have tasted,
+  Of the sparkling beer of barley.
+  Bring to me a foaming goblet
+  Of the barley of my fathers,
+  Lest my singing grow too weary,
+  Singing from the water only.
+  Bring me too a cup of strong-beer,
+  It will add to our enchantment,
+  To the pleasure of the evening,
+  Northland's long and dreary evening,
+  For the beauty of the day-dawn,
+  For the pleasure of the morning,
+  The beginning of the new-day.
+  Often I have heard them chanting,
+  Often I have heard them singing,
+  That the nights come to us singly,
+  That the Moon beams on us singly,
+  That the Sun shines on us singly;
+  Singly also, Wainamoinen,
+  The renowned and wise enchanter,
+  Born from everlasting Ether
+  Of his mother, Ether's daughter.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE I.
+
+
+
+  BIRTH OF WAINAMOINEN.
+
+
+  In primeval times, a maiden,
+  Beauteous Daughter of the Ether,
+  Passed for ages her existence
+  In the great expanse of heaven,
+  O'er the prairies yet enfolded.
+  Wearisome the maiden growing,
+  Her existence sad and hopeless,
+  Thus alone to live for ages
+  In the infinite expanses
+  Of the air above the sea-foam,
+  In the far outstretching spaces,
+  In a solitude of ether,
+  She descended to the ocean,
+  Waves her coach, and waves her pillow.
+  Thereupon the rising storm-wind
+  Flying from the East in fierceness,
+  Whips the ocean into surges,
+  Strikes the stars with sprays of ocean
+  Till the waves are white with fervor.
+  To and fro they toss the maiden,
+  Storm-encircled, hapless maiden;
+  With her sport the rolling billows,
+  With her play the storm-wind forces,
+  On the blue back of the waters;
+  On the white-wreathed waves of ocean,
+  Play the forces of the salt-sea,
+  With the lone and helpless maiden;
+  Till at last in full conception,
+  Union now of force and beauty,
+  Sink the storm-winds into slumber;
+  Overburdened now the maiden
+  Cannot rise above the surface;
+  Seven hundred years she wandered,
+  Ages nine of man's existence,
+  Swam the ocean hither, thither,
+  Could not rise above the waters,
+  Conscious only of her travail;
+  Seven hundred years she labored
+  Ere her first-born was delivered.
+  Thus she swam as water-mother,
+  Toward the east, and also southward,
+  Toward the west, and also northward;
+  Swam the sea in all directions,
+  Frightened at the strife of storm-winds,
+  Swam in travail, swam unceasing,
+  Ere her first-born was delivered.
+  Then began she gently weeping,
+  Spake these measures, heavy-hearted:
+  "Woe is me, my life hard-fated!
+  Woe is me, in this my travail!
+  Into what have I now fallen?
+  Woe is me, that I unhappy,
+  Left my home in subtle ether,
+  Came to dwell amid the sea-foam,
+  To be tossed by rolling billows,
+  To be rocked by winds and waters,
+  On the far outstretching waters,
+  In the salt-sea's vast expanses,
+  Knowing only pain and trouble!
+  Better far for me, O Ukko!
+  Were I maiden in the Ether,
+  Than within these ocean-spaces,
+  To become a water-mother!
+  All this life is cold and dreary,
+  Painful here is every motion,
+  As I linger in the waters,
+  As I wander through the ocean.
+  Ukko, thou O God, up yonder,
+  Thou the ruler of the heavens,
+  Come thou hither, thou art needed,
+  Come thou hither, I implore thee,
+  To deliver me from trouble,
+  To deliver me in travail.
+  Come I pray thee, hither hasten,
+  Hasten more that thou art needed,
+  Haste and help this helpless maiden!"
+  When she ceased her supplications,
+  Scarce a moment onward passes,
+  Ere a beauteous duck descending,
+  Hastens toward the water-mother,
+  Comes a-flying hither, thither,
+  Seeks herself a place for nesting.
+  Flies she eastward, flies she westward,
+  Circles northward, circles southward,
+  Cannot find a grassy hillock,
+  Not the smallest bit of verdure;
+  Cannot find a spot protected,
+  Cannot find a place befitting,
+  Where to make her nest in safety.
+  Flying slowly, looking round her,
+  She descries no place for resting,
+  Thinking loud and long debating,
+  And her words are such as follow:
+  "Build I in the winds my dwelling,
+  On the floods my place of nesting?
+  Surely would the winds destroy it,
+  Far away the waves would wash it."
+  Then the daughter of the Ether,
+  Now the hapless water-mother,
+  Raised her shoulders out of water,
+  Raised her knees above the ocean,
+  That the duck might build her dwelling,
+  Build her nesting-place in safety.
+  Thereupon the duck in beauty,
+  Flying slowly, looking round her,
+  Spies the shoulders of the maiden,
+  Sees the knees of Ether's daughter,
+  Now the hapless water-mother,
+  Thinks them to be grassy hillocks,
+  On the blue back of the ocean.
+  Thence she flies and hovers slowly,
+  Lightly on the knee she settles,
+  Finds a nesting-place befitting,
+  Where to lay her eggs in safety.
+  Here she builds her humble dwelling,
+  Lays her eggs within, at pleasure,
+  Six, the golden eggs she lays there,
+  Then a seventh, an egg of iron;
+  Sits upon her eggs to hatch them,
+  Quickly warms them on the knee-cap
+  Of the hapless water-mother;
+  Hatches one day, then a second,
+  Then a third day sits and hatches.
+  Warmer grows the water round her,
+  Warmer is her bed in ocean,
+  While her knee with fire is kindled,
+  And her shoulders too are burning,
+  Fire in every vein is coursing.
+  Quick the maiden moves her shoulders,
+  Shakes her members in succession,
+  Shakes the nest from its foundation,
+  And the eggs fall into ocean,
+  Dash in pieces on the bottom
+  Of the deep and boundless waters.
+  In the sand they do not perish,
+  Not the pieces in the ocean;
+  But transformed, in wondrous beauty
+  All the fragments come together
+  Forming pieces two in number,
+  One the upper, one the lower,
+  Equal to the one, the other.
+  From one half the egg, the lower,
+  Grows the nether vault of Terra:
+  From the upper half remaining,
+  Grows the upper vault of Heaven;
+  From the white part come the moonbeams,
+  From the yellow part the sunshine,
+  From the motley part the starlight,
+  From the dark part grows the cloudage;
+  And the days speed onward swiftly,
+  Quickly do the years fly over,
+  From the shining of the new sun
+  From the lighting of the full moon.
+  Still the daughter of the Ether,
+  Swims the sea as water-mother,
+  With the floods outstretched before her,
+  And behind her sky and ocean.
+  Finally about the ninth year,
+  In the summer of the tenth year,
+  Lifts her head above the surface,
+  Lifts her forehead from the waters,
+  And begins at last her workings,
+  Now commences her creations,
+  On the azure water-ridges,
+  On the mighty waste before her.
+  Where her hand she turned in water,
+  There arose a fertile hillock;
+  Wheresoe'er her foot she rested,
+  There she made a hole for fishes;
+  Where she dived beneath the waters,
+  Fell the many deeps of ocean;
+  Where upon her side she turned her,
+  There the level banks have risen;
+  Where her head was pointed landward,
+  There appeared wide bays and inlets;
+  When from shore she swam a distance,
+  And upon her back she rested,
+  There the rocks she made and fashioned,
+  And the hidden reefs created,
+  Where the ships are wrecked so often,
+  Where so many lives have perished.
+  Thus created were the islands,
+  Rocks were fastened in the ocean,
+  Pillars of the sky were planted,
+  Fields and forests were created,
+  Checkered stones of many colors,
+  Gleaming in the silver sunlight,
+  All the rocks stood well established;
+  But the singer, Wainamoinen,
+  Had not yet beheld the sunshine,
+  Had not seen the golden moonlight,
+  Still remaining undelivered.
+  Wainamoinen, old and trusty,
+  Lingering within his dungeon
+  Thirty summers altogether,
+  And of winters, also thirty,
+  Peaceful on the waste of waters,
+  On the broad-sea's yielding bosom,
+  Well reflected, long considered,
+  How unborn to live and flourish
+  In the spaces wrapped in darkness,
+  In uncomfortable limits,
+  Where he had not seen the moonlight,
+  Had not seen the silver sunshine.
+  Thereupon these words be uttered,
+  Let himself be heard in this wise:
+  "Take, O Moon, I pray thee, take me,
+  Take me, thou, O Sun above me,
+  Take me, thou O Bear of heaven,
+  From this dark and dreary prison,
+  From these unbefitting portals,
+  From this narrow place of resting,
+  From this dark and gloomy dwelling,
+  Hence to wander from the ocean,
+  Hence to walk upon the islands,
+  On the dry land walk and wander,
+  Like an ancient hero wander,
+  Walk in open air and breathe it,
+  Thus to see the moon at evening,
+  Thus to see the silver sunlight,
+  Thus to see the Bear in heaven,
+  That the stars I may consider."
+  Since the Moon refused to free him,
+  And the Sun would not deliver,
+  Nor the Great Bear give assistance,
+  His existence growing weary,
+  And his life but an annoyance,
+  Bursts he then the outer portals
+  Of his dark and dismal fortress;
+  With his strong, but unnamed finger,
+  Opens he the lock resisting;
+  With the toes upon his left foot,
+  With the fingers of his right hand,
+  Creeps he through the yielding portals
+  To the threshold of his dwelling;
+  On his knees across the threshold,
+  Throws himself head foremost, forward
+  Plunges into deeps of ocean,
+  Plunges hither, plunges thither,
+  Turning with his hands the water;
+  Swims he northward, swims he southward,
+  Swims he eastward, swims he westward,
+  Studying his new surroundings.
+  Thus our hero reached the water,
+  Rested five years in the ocean,
+  Six long years, and even seven years,
+  Till the autumn of the eighth year,
+  When at last he leaves the waters,
+  Stops upon a promontory,
+  On a coast bereft of verdure;
+  On his knees he leaves the ocean,
+  On the land he plants his right foot,
+  On the solid ground his left foot,
+  Quickly turns his hands about him,
+  Stands erect to see the sunshine,
+  Stands to see the golden moonlight,
+  That he may behold the Great Bear,
+  That he may the stars consider.
+  Thus our hero, Wainamoinen,
+  Thus the wonderful enchanter
+  Was delivered from his mother,
+  Ilmatar, the Ether's daughter.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE II.
+
+
+
+  WAINAMOINEN'S SOWING.
+
+
+  Then arose old Wainamoinen,
+  With his feet upon the island,
+  On the island washed by ocean,
+  Broad expanse devoid of verdure;
+  There remained be many summers,
+  There he lived as many winters,
+  On the island vast and vacant,
+  well considered, long reflected,
+  Who for him should sow the island,
+  Who for him the seeds should scatter;
+  Thought at last of Pellerwoinen,
+  First-born of the plains and prairies,
+  When a slender boy, called Sampsa,
+  Who should sow the vacant island,
+  Who the forest seeds should scatter.
+  Pellerwoinen, thus consenting,
+  Sows with diligence the island,
+  Seeds upon the lands he scatters,
+  Seeds in every swamp and lowland,
+  Forest seeds upon the loose earth,
+  On the firm soil sows the acorns,
+  Fir-trees sows he on the mountains,
+  Pine-trees also on the hill-tops,
+  Many shrubs in every valley,
+  Birches sows he in the marshes,
+  In the loose soil sows the alders,
+  In the lowlands sows the lindens,
+  In the moist earth sows the willow,
+  Mountain-ash in virgin places,
+  On the banks of streams the hawthorn,
+  Junipers in hilly regions;
+  This the work of Pellerwoinen,
+  Slender Sampsa, in his childhood.
+  Soon the fertile seeds were sprouting,
+  Soon the forest trees were growing,
+  Soon appeared the tops of fir-trees,
+  And the pines were far outspreading;
+  Birches rose from all the marshes,
+  In the loose soil grew the alders,
+  In the mellow soil the lindens;
+  Junipers were also growing,
+  Junipers with clustered berries,
+  Berries on the hawthorn branches.
+  Now the hero, Wainamoinen,
+  Stands aloft to look about him,
+  How the Sampsa-seeds are growing,
+  How the crop of Pellerwoinen;
+  Sees the young trees thickly spreading,
+  Sees the forest rise in beauty;
+  But the oak-tree has not sprouted,
+  Tree of heaven is not growing,
+  Still within the acorn sleeping,
+  Its own happiness enjoying.
+  Then he waited three nights longer,
+  And as many days he waited,
+  Waited till a week had vanished,
+  Then again the work examined;
+  But the oak-tree was not growing,
+  Had not left her acorn-dwelling.
+  Wainamoinen, ancient hero,
+  Spies four maidens in the distance,
+  Water-brides, he spies a fifth-one,
+  On the soft and sandy sea-shore,
+  In the dewy grass and flowers,
+  On a point extending seaward,
+  Near the forests of the island.
+  Some were mowing, some were raking,
+  Raking what was mown together,
+  In a windrow on the meadow.
+  From the ocean rose a giant,
+  Mighty Tursas, tall and hardy,
+  Pressed compactly all the grasses,
+  That the maidens had been raking,
+  When a fire within them kindles,
+  And the flames shot up to heaven,
+  Till the windrows burned to ashes,
+  Only ashes now remaining
+  Of the grasses raked together.
+  In the ashes of the windrows,
+  Tender leaves the giant places,
+  In the leaves he plants an acorn,
+  From the acorn, quickly sprouting,
+  Grows the oak-tree, tall and stately,
+  From the ground enriched by ashes,
+  Newly raked by water-maidens;
+  Spread the oak-tree's many branches,
+  Rounds itself a broad corona,
+  Raises it above the storm-clouds;
+  Far it stretches out its branches,
+  Stops the white-clouds in their courses,
+  With its branches hides the sunlight,
+  With its many leaves, the moonbeams,
+  And the starlight dies in heaven.
+  Wainamoinen, old and trusty,
+  Thought awhile, and well considered,
+  How to kill the mighty oak-tree,
+  First created for his pleasure,
+  How to fell the tree majestic,
+  How to lop its hundred branches.
+  Sad the lives of man and hero,
+  Sad the homes of ocean-dwellers,
+  If the sun shines not upon them,
+  If the moonlight does not cheer them
+  Is there not some mighty hero,
+  Was there never born a giant,
+  That can fell the mighty oak-tree,
+  That can lop its hundred branches?
+  Wainamoinen, deeply thinking,
+  Spake these words soliloquizing:
+  "Kape, daughter of the Ether,
+  Ancient mother of my being,
+  Luonnotar, my nurse and helper,
+  Loan to me the water-forces,
+  Great the powers of the waters;
+  Loan to me the strength of oceans,
+  To upset this mighty oak-tree,
+  To uproot this tree of evil,
+  That again may shine the sunlight,
+  That the moon once more may glimmer."
+  Straightway rose a form from oceans,
+  Rose a hero from the waters,
+  Nor belonged he to the largest,
+  Nor belonged he to the smallest,
+  Long was he as man's forefinger,
+  Taller than the hand of woman;
+  On his head a cap of copper,
+  Boots upon his feet were copper,
+  Gloves upon his hands were copper,
+  And its stripes were copper-colored,
+  Belt around him made of copper,
+  Hatchet in his belt was copper;
+  And the handle of his hatchet
+  Was as long as hand of woman,
+  Of a finger's breadth the blade was.
+  Then the trusty Wainamoinen
+  Thought awhile and well considered,
+  And his measures are as follow:
+  "Art thou, sir, divine or human?
+  Which of these thou only knowest;
+  Tell me what thy name and station.
+  Very like a man thou lookest,
+  Hast the bearing of a hero,
+  Though the length of man's first finger,
+  Scarce as tall as hoof of reindeer."
+  Then again spake Wainamoinen
+  To the form from out the ocean:
+  "Verily I think thee human,
+  Of the race of pigmy-heroes,
+  Might as well be dead or dying,
+  Fit for nothing but to perish."
+  Answered thus the pigmy-hero,
+  Spake the small one from the ocean
+  To the valiant Wainamoinen
+  "Truly am I god and hero,
+  From the tribes that rule the ocean;
+  Come I here to fell the oak-tree,
+  Lop its branches with my hatchet."
+  Wainamoinen, old and trusty,
+  Answers thus the sea-born hero:
+  "Never hast thou force sufficient,
+  Not to thee has strength been given,
+  To uproot this mighty oak-tree,
+  To upset this thing of evil,
+  Nor to lop its hundred branches."
+  Scarcely had he finished speaking,
+  Scarcely had he moved his eyelids,
+  Ere the pigmy full unfolding,
+  Quick becomes a mighty giant.
+  With one step he leaves the ocean,
+  Plants himself, a mighty hero,
+  On the forest-fields surrounding;
+  With his head the clouds he pierces,
+  To his knees his beard extending,
+  And his locks fall to his ankles;
+  Far apart appear his eyeballs,
+  Far apart his feet are stationed.
+  Farther still his mighty shoulders.
+  Now begins his axe to sharpen,
+  Quickly to an edge he whets it,
+  Using six hard blocks of sandstone,
+  And of softer whetstones, seven.
+  Straightway to the oak-tree turning,
+  Thither stalks the mighty giant,
+  In his raiment long and roomy,
+  Flapping in the winds of heaven;
+  With his second step he totters
+  On the land of darker color;
+  With his third stop firmly planted,
+  Reaches he the oak-tree's branches,
+  Strikes the trunk with sharpened hatchet,
+  With one mighty swing he strikes it,
+  With a second blow he cuts it;
+  As his blade descends the third time,
+  From his axe the sparks fly upward,
+  From the oak-tree fire outshooting;
+  Ere the axe descends a fourth time,
+  Yields the oak with hundred branches,
+  Shaking earth and heaven in falling.
+  Eastward far the trunk extending,
+  Far to westward flew the tree-tops,
+  To the South the leaves were scattered,
+  To the North its hundred branches.
+  Whosoe'er a branch has taken,
+  Has obtained eternal welfare;
+  Who secures himself a tree-top,
+  He has gained the master magic;
+  Who the foliage has gathered,
+  Has delight that never ceases.
+  Of the chips some had been scattered,
+  Scattered also many splinters,
+  On the blue back of the ocean,
+  Of the ocean smooth and mirrored,
+  Rocked there by the winds and waters,
+  Like a boat upon the billows;
+  Storm-winds blew them to the Northland,
+  Some the ocean currents carried.
+  Northland's fair and slender maiden,
+  Washing on the shore a head-dress,
+  Beating on the rocks her garments,
+  Rinsing there her silken raiment,
+  In the waters of Pohyola,
+  There beheld the chips and splinters,
+  Carried by the winds and waters.
+  In a bag the chips she gathered,
+  Took them to the ancient court-yard,
+  There to make enchanted arrows,
+  Arrows for the great magician,
+  There to shape them into weapons,
+  Weapons for the skilful archer,
+  Since the mighty oak has fallen,
+  Now has lost its hundred branches,
+  That the North may see the sunshine,
+  See the gentle gleam of moonlight,
+  That the clouds may keep their courses,
+  May extend the vault of heaven
+  Over every lake and river,
+  O'er the banks of every island.
+  Groves arose in varied beauty,
+  Beautifully grew the forests,
+  And again, the vines and flowers.
+  Birds again sang in the tree-tops,
+  Noisily the merry thrushes,
+  And the cuckoos in the birch-trees;
+  On the mountains grew the berries,
+  Golden flowers in the meadows,
+  And the herbs of many colors,
+  Many kinds of vegetation;
+  But the barley is not growing.
+  Wainamoinen, old and trusty,
+  Goes away and well considers,
+  By the borders of the waters,
+  On the ocean's sandy margin,
+  Finds six seeds of golden barley,
+  Even seven ripened kernels,
+  On the shore of upper Northland,
+  In the sand upon the sea-shore,
+  Hides them in his trusty pouches,
+  Fashioned from the skin of squirrel,
+  Some were made from skin of marten;
+  Hastens forth the seeds to scatter,
+  Quickly sows the barley kernels,
+  On the brinks of Kalew-waters,
+  On the Osma-hills and lowlands.
+  Hark! the titmouse wildly crying,
+  From the aspen, words as follow:
+  "Osma's barley will not flourish,
+  Not the barley of Wainola,
+  If the soil be not made ready,
+  If the forest be not levelled,
+  And the branches burned to ashes."
+  Wainamoinen, wise and ancient,
+  Made himself an axe for chopping,
+  Then began to clear the forest,
+  Then began the trees to level,
+  Felled the trees of all descriptions,
+  Only left the birch-tree standing
+  For the birds a place of resting,
+  Where might sing the sweet-voiced cuckoo,
+  Sacred bird in sacred branches.
+  Down from heaven came the eagle,
+  Through the air be came a-flying,
+  That he might this thing consider;
+  And he spake the words that follow:
+  "Wherefore, ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Hast thou left the slender birch-tree,
+  Left the birch-tree only standing?"
+  Wainamoinen thus made answer:
+  "Therefore is the birch left standing,
+  That the birds may liest within it,
+  That the eagle there may rest him,
+  There may sing the sacred cuckoo."
+  Spake the eagle, thus replying:
+  Good indeed, thy hero-judgment,
+  That the birch-tree thou hast left us,
+  Left the sacred birch-tree standing,
+  As a resting-place for eagles,
+  And for birds of every feather,
+  Even I may rest upon it."
+  Quickly then this bird of heaven,
+  Kindled fire among the branches;
+  Soon the flames are fanned by north-winds,
+  And the east-winds lend their forces,
+  Burn the trees of all descriptions,
+  Burn them all to dust and ashes,
+  Only is the birch left standing.
+  Wainamoinen, wise and ancient,
+  Brings his magic grains of barley,
+  Brings he forth his seven seed-grains,
+  Brings them from his trusty pouches,
+  Fashioned from the skin of squirrel,
+  Some were made from skin of marten.
+  Thence to sow his seeds he hastens,
+  Hastes the barley-grains to scatter,
+  Speaks unto himself these measures:
+  "I the seeds of life am sowing,
+  Sowing through my open fingers,
+  From the hand of my Creator,
+  In this soil enriched with ashes,
+  In this soil to sprout and flourish.
+  Ancient mother, thou that livest
+  Far below the earth and ocean,
+  Mother of the fields and forests,
+  Bring the rich soil to producing,
+  Bring the seed-grains to the sprouting,
+  That the barley well may flourish.
+  Never will the earth unaided,
+  Yield the ripe nutritious barley;
+  Never will her force be wanting,
+  If the givers give assistance,
+  If the givers grace the sowing,
+  Grace the daughters of creation.
+  Rise, O earth, from out thy slumber,
+  From the slumber-land of ages,
+  Let the barley-grains be sprouting,
+  Let the blades themselves be starting,
+  Let the verdant stalks be rising,
+  Let the ears themselves be growing,
+  And a hundredfold producing,
+  From my plowing and my sowing,
+  From my skilled and honest labor.
+  Ukko, thou O God, up yonder,
+  Thou O Father of the heavens,
+  Thou that livest high in Ether,
+  Curbest all the clouds of heaven,
+  Holdest in the air thy counsel,
+  Holdest in the clouds good counsel,
+  From the East dispatch a cloudlet,
+  From the North-east send a rain-cloud,
+  From the West another send us,
+  From the North-west, still another,
+  Quickly from the South a warm-cloud,
+  That the rain may fall from heaven,
+  That the clouds may drop their honey,
+  That the ears may fill and ripen,
+  That the barley-fields may rustle."
+  Thereupon benignant Ukko,
+  Ukko, father of the heavens,
+  Held his counsel in the cloud-space,
+  Held good counsel in the Ether;
+  From the East, he sent a cloudlet,
+  From the North-east, sent a rain-cloud,
+  From the West another sent he,
+  From the North-west, still another,
+  Quickly from the South a warm-cloud;
+  Joined in seams the clouds together,
+  Sewed together all their edges,
+  Grasped the cloud, and hurled it earthward.
+  Quick the rain-cloud drops her honey,
+  Quick the rain-drops fall from heaven,
+  That the ears may quickly ripen,
+  That the barley crop may rustle.
+  Straightway grow the seeds of barley,
+  From the germ the blade unfolding,
+  Richly colored ears arising,
+  From the rich soil of the fallow,
+  From the work of Wainamoinen.
+  Here a few days pass unnoted
+  And as many nights fly over.
+  When the seventh day had journeyed,
+  On the morning of the eighth day,
+  Wainamoinen, wise and ancient,
+  Went to view his crop of barley,
+  How his plowing, how his sowing,
+  How his labors were resulting;
+  Found his crop of barley growing,
+  Found the blades were triple-knotted,
+  And the ears he found six-sided.
+  Wainamoinen, old and trusty,
+  Turned his face, and looked about him,
+  Lo! there comes a spring-time cuckoo,
+  Spying out the slender birch-tree,
+  Rests upon it, sweetly singing:
+  "Wherefore is the silver birch-tree
+  Left unharmed of all the forest? "
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Therefore I have left the birch-tree,
+  Left the birch-tree only growing,
+  Home for thee for joyful singing.
+  Call thou here, O sweet-voiced cuckoo,
+  Sing thou here from throat of velvet,
+  Sing thou here with voice of silver,
+  Sing the cuckoo's golden flute-notes;
+  Call at morning, call at evening,
+  Call within the hour of noontide,
+  For the better growth of forests,
+  For the ripening of the barley,
+  For the richness of, the Northland,
+  For the joy of Kalevala."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE III.
+
+
+
+  WAINAMOINEN AND YOUKAHAINEN.
+
+
+  Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel,
+  Passed his years in full contentment,
+  On the meadows of Wainola,
+  On the plains of Kalevala,
+  Singing ever wondrous legends,
+  Songs of ancient wit and wisdom,
+  Chanting one day, then a second,
+  Singing in the dusk of evening,
+  Singing till the dawn of morning,
+  Now the tales of old-time heroes,
+  Tales of ages long forgotten,
+  Now the legends of creation,
+  Once familiar to the children,
+  By our children sung no longer,
+  Sung in part by many heroes,
+  In these mournful days of evil,
+  Evil days our race befallen.
+  Far and wide the story travelled,
+  Far away men spread the knowledge
+  Of the chanting of the hero,
+  Of the song of Wainamoinen;
+  To the South were heard the echoes,
+  All of Northland heard the story.
+  Far away in dismal Northland,
+  Lived the singer, Youkahainen,
+  Lapland's young and reckless minstrel,
+  Once upon a time when feasting,
+  Dining with his friends and fellows,
+  Came upon his ears the story
+  That there lived a sweeter singer,
+  On the meadows of Wainola,
+  On the plains of Kalevala,
+  Better skilled in chanting legends,
+  Better skilled than Youkahainen,
+  Better than the one that taught him.
+  Straightway then the bard grew angry,
+  Envy rose within his bosom,
+  Envy of this Wainamoinen,
+  Famed to be a sweeter singer;
+  Hastes he angry to his mother,
+  To his mother, full of wisdom,
+  Vows that he will southward hasten,
+  Hie him southward and betake him
+  To the dwellings of Wainola,
+  To the cabins of the Northland,
+  There as bard to vie in battle,
+  With the famous Wainamoinen.
+  "Nay," replies the anxious father,
+  "Do not go to Kalevala."
+  "Nay," replies the fearful mother,
+  "Go not hence to Wainamoinen,
+  There with him to offer battle;
+  He will charm thee with his singing
+  Will bewitch thee in his anger,
+  He will drive thee back dishonored,
+  Sink thee in the fatal snow-drift,
+  Turn to ice thy pliant fingers,
+  Turn to ice thy feet and ankles."
+  These the words of Youkahainen:
+  Good the judgement of a father,
+  Better still, a mother's counsel,
+  Best of all one's own decision.
+  I will go and face the minstrel,
+  Challenge him to sing in contest,
+  Challenge him as bard to battle,
+  Sing to him my sweet-toned measures,
+  Chant to him my oldest legends,
+  Chant to him my garnered wisdom,
+  That this best of boasted singers,
+  That this famous bard of Suomi,
+  Shall be worsted in the contest,
+  Shall become a hapless minstrel;
+  By my songs shall I transform him,
+  That his feet shall be as flint-stone,
+  And as oak his nether raiment;
+  And this famous, best of singers,
+  Thus bewitched, shall carry ever,
+  In his heart a stony burden,
+  On his shoulder bow of marble,
+  On his hand a flint-stone gauntlet,
+  On his brow a stony visor."
+  Then the wizard, Youkahainen,
+  Heeding not advice paternal,
+  Heeding not his mother's counsel,
+  Leads his courser from his stable,
+  Fire outstreaming from his nostrils,
+  From his hoofs, the sparks outshooting,
+  Hitches to his sledge, the fleet-foot,
+  To his golden sledge, the courser,
+  Mounts impetuous his snow-sledge,
+  Leaps upon the hindmost cross-bench,
+  Strikes his courser with his birch-whip,
+  With his birch-whip, pearl-enamelled.
+  Instantly the prancing racer
+  Springs away upon his journey;
+  On he, restless, plunges northward,
+  All day long be onward gallops,
+  All the next day, onward, onward,
+  So the third from morn till evening,
+  Till the third day twilight brings him
+  To the meadows of Wainola,
+  To the plains of Kalevala.
+  As it happened, Wainamoinen,
+  Wainamoinen, the magician,
+  Rode that sunset on the highway,
+  Silently for pleasure driving
+  Down Wainola's peaceful meadows,
+  O'er the plains of Kalevala.
+  Youkahainen, young and fiery,
+  Urging still his foaming courser,
+  Dashes down upon the singer,
+  Does not turn aside in meeting,
+  Meeting thus in full collision;
+  Shafts are driven tight together,
+  Hames and collars wedged and tangled,
+  Tangled are the reins and traces.
+  Thus perforce they make a stand-still,
+  Thus remain and well consider;
+  Water drips from hame and collar,
+  Vapors rise from both their horses.
+  Speaks the minstrel, Wainamoinen:
+  "Who art thou, and whence? Thou comest
+  Driving like a stupid stripling,
+  Wainamoinen and Youkahainen.
+  Careless, dashing down upon me.
+  Thou hast ruined shafts and traces;
+  And the collar of my racer
+  Thou hast shattered into ruin,
+  And my golden sleigh is broken,
+  Box and runners dashed to pieces."
+  Youkahainen then make answer,
+  Spake at last the words that follow:
+  "I am youthful Youkahainen,
+  But make answer first, who thou art,
+  Whence thou comest, where thou goest,
+  From what lowly tribe descended?"
+  Wainamolinen, wise and ancient,
+  Answered thus the youthful minstrel:
+  "If thou art but Youkahainen,
+  Thou shouldst give me all the highway;
+  I am many years thy senior."
+  Then the boastful Youkahainen
+  Spake again to Wainamoinen:
+  "Young or ancient, little matter,
+  Little consequence the age is;
+  He that higher stands in wisdom,
+  He whose knowledge is the greater,
+  He that is the sweeter singer,
+  He alone shall keep the highway,
+  And the other take the roadside.
+  Art thou ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Famous sorcerer and minstrel?
+  Let us then begin our singing,
+  Let us sing our ancient legends,
+  Let us chant our garnered wisdom,
+  That the one may hear the other,
+  That the one may judge the other,
+  In a war of wizard sayings."
+  Wainamoinen, wise and ancient,
+  Thus replied in modest accents:
+  "What I know is very little,
+  Hardly is it worth the singing,
+  Neither is my singing wondrous:
+  All my days I have resided
+  In the cold and dreary Northland,
+  In a desert land enchanted,
+  In my cottage home for ayes;
+  All the songs that I have gathered,
+  Are the cuckoo's simple measures,
+  Some of these I may remember;
+  But since thou perforce demandest,
+  I accept thy boastful challenge.
+  Tell me now, my golden youngster,
+  What thou knowest more than others,
+  Open now thy store of wisdom."
+  Thus made answer Youkahainen,
+  Lapland's young and fiery minstrel:
+  "Know I many bits of learning
+  This I know in perfect clearness:
+  Every roof must have a chimney,
+  Every fire-place have a hearth-stone;
+  Lives of seal are free and merry,
+  Merry is the life of walrus,
+  Feeding on incautious salmon,
+  Daily eating perch and whiting;
+  Whitings live in quiet shallows,
+  Salmon love the level bottoms;
+  Spawns the pike in coldest weather,
+  And defies the storms of winter.
+  Slowly perches swim in Autumn,
+  Wry-backed, hunting deeper water,
+  Spawn in shallows in the summer,
+  Bounding on the shore of ocean.
+  Should this wisdom seem too little,
+  I can tell thee other matters,
+  Sing thee other wizard sayings:
+  All the Northmen plow with reindeer,
+  Mother-horses plow the Southland,
+  Inner Lapland plows with oxen;
+  All the trees on Pisa-mountain,
+  Know I well in all their grandeur;
+  On the Horna-rock are fir-trees,
+  Fir-trees growing tall and slender;
+  Slender grow the trees on mountains.
+  Three, the water-falls in number,
+  Three in number, inland oceans,
+  Three in number, lofty mountains,
+  Shooting to the vault of heaven.
+  Hallapyora's near to Yaemen,
+  Katrakoski in Karyala;
+  Imatra, the falling water,
+  Tumbles, roaring, into Wuoksi."
+  Then the ancient Wainimoinen:
+  "Women's tales and children's wisdom
+  Do not please a bearded hero,
+  Hero, old enough for wedlock;
+  Tell the story of creation,
+  Tell me of the world's beginning,
+  Tell me of the creatures in it,
+  And philosophize a little."
+  Then the youthful Youkahainen
+  Thus replied to Wainamoinen:
+  "Know I well the titmouse-fountains,
+  Pretty birdling is the titmouse;
+  And the viper, green, a serpent;
+  Whitings live in brackish waters;
+  Perches swim in every river;
+  Iron rusts, and rusting weakens;
+  Bitter is the taste of umber;
+  Boiling water is malicious;
+  Fire is ever full of danger;
+  First physician, the Creator;
+  Remedy the oldest, water;
+  Magic is the child of sea-foam;
+  God the first and best adviser;
+  Waters gush from every mountain;
+  Fire descended first from heaven;
+  Iron from the rust was fashioned;
+  Copper from the rocks created;
+  Marshes are of lands the oldest;
+  First of all the trees, the willow;
+  Fir-trees were the first of houses;
+  Hollowed stones the first of kettles."
+  Now the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Thus addresses Youkahainen:
+  "Canst thou give me now some wisdom,
+  Is this nonsense all thou knowest?"
+  Youkahainen thus made answer:
+  "I can tell thee still a trifle,
+  Tell thee of the times primeval,
+  When I plowed the salt-sea's bosom,
+  When I raked the sea-girt islands,
+  When I dug the salmon-grottoes,
+  Hollowed out the deepest caverns,
+  When I all the lakes created,
+  When I heaped the mountains round them,
+  When I piled the rocks about them.
+  I was present as a hero,
+  Sixth of wise and ancient heroes,
+  Seventh of all primeval heroes,
+  When the heavens were created,
+  When were formed the ether-spaces,
+  When the sky was crystal-pillared,
+  When was arched the beauteous rainbow,
+  When the Moon was placed in orbit,
+  When the silver Sun was planted,
+  When the Bear was firmly stationed,
+  And with stars the heavens were sprinkled."
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Thou art surely prince of liars,
+  Lord of all the host of liars;
+  Never wert thou in existence,
+  Surely wert thou never present,
+  When was plowed the salt-sea's bosom,
+  When were raked the sea-girt islands,
+  When were dug the salmon-grottoes,
+  When were hollowed out the caverns,
+  When the lakes were all created,
+  When were heaped the mountains round them,
+  When the rocks were piled about them.
+  Thou wert never seen or heard of
+  When the earth was first created,
+  When were made the ether-spaces,
+  When the air was crystal-pillared,
+  When the Moon was placed in orbit,
+  When the silver Sun was planted,
+  When the Bear was firmly stationed,
+  When the skies with stars were sprinkled."
+  Then in anger Youkahainen
+  Answered ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Then, sir, since I fail in wisdom,
+  With the sword I offer battle;
+  Come thou, famous bard and minstrel,
+  Thou the ancient wonder-singer,
+  Let us try our strength with broadswords,
+  let our blades be fully tested."
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Not thy sword and not thy wisdom,
+  Not thy prudence, nor thy cunning,
+  Do I fear a single moment.
+  Let who may accept thy challenge,
+  Not with thee, a puny braggart,
+  Not with one so vain and paltry,
+  Will I ever measure broadswords."
+  Then the youthful Youkahainen,
+  Mouth awry and visage sneering,
+  Shook his golden locks and answered:
+  "Whoso fears his blade to measure,
+  Fears to test his strength at broadswords,
+  Into wild-boar of the forest,
+  Swine at heart and swine in visage,
+  Singing I will thus transform him;
+  I will hurl such hero-cowards,
+  This one hither, that one thither,
+  Stamp him in the mire and bedding,
+  In the rubbish of the stable."
+  Angry then grew Wainamoinen,
+  Wrathful waxed, and fiercely frowning,
+  Self-composed he broke his silence,
+  And began his wondrous singing.
+  Sang he not the tales of childhood,
+  Children's nonsense, wit of women,
+  Sang he rather bearded heroes,
+  That the children never heard of,
+  That the boys and maidens knew not
+  Known but half by bride and bridegroom,
+  Known in part by many heroes,
+  In these mournful days of evil,
+  Evil times our race befallen.
+  Grandly sang wise Wainamoinen,
+  Till the copper-bearing mountains,
+  And the flinty rocks and ledges
+  Heard his magic tones and trembled;
+  Mountain cliffs were torn to pieces,
+  All the ocean heaved and tumbled;
+  And the distant hills re-echoed.
+  Lo! the boastful Youkahainen
+  Is transfixed in silent wonder,
+  And his sledge with golden trimmings
+  Floats like brushwood on the billows;
+  Sings his braces into reed-grass,
+  Sings his reins to twigs of willow,
+  And to shrubs his golden cross-bench.
+  Lo! his birch-whip, pearl-enameled,
+  Floats a reed upon the border;
+  Lo! his steed with golden forehead,
+  Stands a statue on the waters;
+  Hames and traces are as fir-boughs,
+  And his collar, straw and sea-grass.
+  Still the minstrel sings enchantment,
+  Sings his sword with golden handle,
+  Sings it into gleam of lightning,
+  Hangs it in the sky above him;
+  Sings his cross-bow, gaily painted,
+  To a rainbow o'er the ocean;
+  Sings his quick and feathered arrows
+  Into hawks and screaming eagles;
+  Sings his dog with bended muzzle,
+  Into block of stone beside him;
+  Sings his cap from off his forehead,
+  Sings it into wreaths of vapor;
+  From his hands he sings his gauntlets
+  Into rushes on the waters;
+  Sings his vesture, purple-colored,
+  Into white clouds in the heavens;
+  Sings his girdle, set with jewels,
+  Into twinkling stars around him;
+  And alas! for Youkahainen,
+  Sings him into deeps of quick-sand;
+  Ever deeper, deeper, deeper,
+  In his torture, sinks the wizard,
+  To his belt in mud and water.
+  Now it was that Youkahainen
+  Comprehended but too clearly
+  What his folly, what the end was,
+  Of the journey he had ventured,
+  Vainly he had undertaken
+  For the glory of a contest
+  With the grand, old Wainamoinen.
+  When at last young Youkahainen,
+  Pohyola's old and sorry stripling,
+  Strives his best to move his right foot,
+  But alas! the foot obeys not;
+  When he strives to move his left foot,
+  Lo! he finds it turned to flint-stone.
+  Thereupon sad Youkahainen,
+  In the deeps of desperation,
+  And in earnest supplication,
+  Thus addresses Wainamoinen:
+  "O thou wise and worthy minstrel,
+  Thou the only true, magician,
+  Cease I pray thee thine enchantment,.
+  Only turn away thy magic,
+  Let me leave this slough of horror,
+  Loose me from this stony prison,
+  Free me from this killing torment,
+  I will pay a golden ransom."
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "What the ransom thou wilt give me
+  If I cease from mine enchantment,
+  If I turn away my magic,
+  Lift thee from thy slough of horror,
+  Loose thee from thy stony prison,
+  Free thee from thy killing torment?"
+  Answered youthful Youkahainen:
+  "Have at home two magic cross-bows,
+  Pair of bows of wondrous power,
+  One so light a child can bend it,
+  Only strength can bend the other,
+  Take of these the one that pleases."
+  Then the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Do not wish thy magic cross-bows,
+  Have a few of such already,
+  Thine to me are worse than useless
+  I have bows in great abundance,
+  Bows on every nail and rafter,
+  Bows that laugh at all the hunters,
+  Bows that go themselves a-hunting."
+  Then the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Sang alas! poor Youkahainen
+  Deeper into mud and water,
+  Deeper in the slough of torment.
+  Youkahainen thus made answer:
+  "Have at home two magic shallops,
+  Beautiful the boats and wondrous;
+  One rides light upon the ocean,
+  One is made for heavy burdens;
+  Take of these the one that pleases."
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Do not wish thy magic shallops,
+  Have enough of such already;
+  All my bays are full of shallops,
+  All my shores are lined with shallops,
+  Some before the winds are sailors,
+  Some were built to sail against them."
+  Still the Wainola bard and minstrel
+  Sings again poor Youkahainen
+  Deeper, deeper into torment,
+  Into quicksand to his girdle,
+  Till the Lapland bard in anguish
+  Speaks again to Wainamoinen:
+  "Have at home two magic stallions,
+  One a racer, fleet as lightning,
+  One was born for heavy burdens;
+  Take of these the one that pleases."
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Neither do I wish thy stallions,
+  Do not need thy hawk-limbed stallions,
+  Have enough of these already;
+  Magic stallions swarm my stables,
+  Eating corn at every manger,
+  Broad of back to hold the water,
+  Water on each croup in lakelets."
+  Still the bard of Kalevala
+  Sings the hapless Lapland minstrel
+  Deeper, deeper into torment,
+  To his shoulders into water.
+  Spake again young Youkahainen:
+  "O thou ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Thou the only true magician,
+  Cease I pray thee thine enchantment,
+  Only turn away thy magic,
+  I will give thee gold abundant,
+  Countless stores of shining silver;
+  From the wars my father brought it,
+  Brought it from the hard-fought battles."
+  Spake the wise, old Wainamoinen:
+  "For thy gold I have no longing,
+  Neither do I wish thy silver,
+  Have enough of each already;
+  Gold abundant fills my chambers,
+  On each nail hang bags of silver,
+  Gold that glitters in the sunshine,
+  Silver shining in the moonlight."
+  Sank the braggart, Youkahainen,
+  Deeper in his slough of torment,
+  To his chin in mud and water,
+  Ever praying, thus beseeching:
+  "O thou ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Greatest of the old magicians,
+  Lift me from this pit of horror,
+  From this prison-house of torture;
+  I will give thee all my corn-fields,
+  Give thee all my corn in garners,
+  Thus my hapless life to ransom,
+  Thus to gain eternal freedom."
+  Wainamoinen thus made answer:
+  "Take thy corn to other markets,
+  Give thy garners to the needy;
+  I have corn in great abundance,
+  Fields have I in every quarter,
+  Corn in all my fields is growing;
+  One's own fields are always richer,
+  One's own grain is much the sweeter."
+  Lapland's young and reckless minstrel,
+  Sorrow-laden, thus enchanted,
+  Deeper sinks in mud and water,
+  Fear-enchained and full of anguish,
+  In the mire, his beard bedrabbled,
+  Mouth once boastful filled with sea-weed,
+  In the grass his teeth entangled,
+  Youkahainen thus beseeches:
+  "O thou ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Wisest of the wisdom-singers,
+  Cease at last thine incantations,
+  Only turn away thy magic,
+  And my former life restore me,
+  Lift me from this stifling torment,
+  Free mine eyes from sand and water,
+  I will give thee sister, Aino,
+  Fairest daughter of my mother,
+  Bride of thine to be forever,
+  Bride of thine to do thy pleasure,
+  Sweep the rooms within thy cottage,
+  Keep thy dwelling-place in order,
+  Rinse for thee the golden platters,
+  Spread thy couch with finest linens,
+  For thy bed, weave golden covers,
+  Bake for thee the honey-biscuit."
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  Finds at last the wished-for ransom,
+  Lapland's young and fairest daughter,
+  Sister dear of Youkahainen;
+  Happy he, that he has won him,
+  In his age a beauteous maiden,
+  Bride of his to be forever,
+  Pride and joy of Kalevala.
+  Now the happy Wainamoinen,
+  Sits upon the rock of gladness,
+  Joyful on the rock of music,
+  Sings a little, sings and ceases,
+  Sings again, and sings a third time,
+  Thus to break the spell of magic,
+  Thus to lessen the enchantment,
+  Thus the potent charm to banish.
+  As the magic spell is broken,
+  Youkahainen, sad, but wiser,
+  Drags his feet from out the quicksand,
+  Lifts his beard from out the water,
+  From the rocks leads forth his courser,
+  Brings his sledge back from the rushes,
+  Calls his whip back from the ocean,
+  Sets his golden sledge in order,
+  Throws himself upon the cross-bench,
+  Snaps his whip and hies him homeward,
+  Hastens homeward, heavy-hearted,
+  Sad indeed to meet his mother,
+  Aino's mother, gray and aged.
+  Careless thus be hastens homeward,
+  Nears his home with noise and bustle,
+  Reckless drives against the pent-house,
+  Breaks the shafts against the portals,
+  Breaks his handsome sledge in pieces.
+  Then his mother, quickly guessing,
+  Would have chided him for rashness,
+  But the father interrupted:
+  "Wherefore dost thou break thy snow-sledge,
+  Wherefore dash thy thills in fragments,
+  Wherefore comest home so strangely,
+  Why this rude and wild behavior?"
+  Now alas! poor Youkahainen,
+  Cap awry upon his forehead,
+  Falls to weeping, broken-hearted,
+  Head depressed and mind dejected,
+  Eyes and lips expressing sadness,
+  Answers not his anxious father.
+  Then the mother quickly asked him,
+  Sought to find his cause for sorrow:
+  "Tell me, first-born, why thou weepest,
+  Why thou weepest, heavy-hearted,
+  Why thy mind is so dejected,
+  Why thine eyes express such sadness."
+  Youkahainen then made answer:
+  "Golden mother, ever faithful,
+  Cause there is to me sufficient,
+  Cause enough in what has happened,
+  Bitter cause for this my sorrow,
+  Cause for bitter tears and murmurs:
+  All my days will pass unhappy,
+  Since, O mother of my being,
+  I have promised beauteous Aino,
+  Aino, thy beloved daughter,
+  Aino, my devoted sister,
+  To decrepit Wainamoinen,
+  Bride to be to him forever,
+  Roof above him, prop beneath him,
+  Fair companion at his fire-side."
+  Joyful then arose the mother,
+  Clapped her hands in glee together,
+  Thus addressing Youkahainen:
+  "Weep no more, my son beloved,
+  Thou hast naught to cause thy weeping,
+  Hast no reason for thy sorrow,
+  Often I this hope have cherished;
+  Many years have I been praying
+  That this mighty bard and hero,
+  Wise and valiant Wainamoinen,
+  Spouse should be to beauteous Aino,
+  Son-in-law to me, her mother."
+  But the fair and lovely maiden,
+  Sister dear of Youkahainen,
+  Straightway fell to bitter weeping,
+  On the threshold wept and lingered,
+  Wept all day and all the night long,
+  Wept a second, then a third day,
+  Wept because a bitter sorrow
+  On her youthful heart had fallen.
+  Then the gray-haired mother asked her:
+  "Why this weeping, lovely Aino?
+  Thou hast found a noble suitor,
+  Thou wilt rule his spacious dwelling,
+  At his window sit and rest thee,
+  Rinse betimes his golden platters,
+  Walk a queen within his dwelling."
+  Thus replied the tearful Aino:
+  "Mother dear, and all-forgiving,
+  Cause enough for this my sorrow,
+  Cause enough for bitter weeping:
+  I must loose my sunny tresses,
+  Tresses beautiful and golden,
+  Cannot deck my hair with jewels,
+  Cannot bind my head with ribbons,
+  All to be hereafter hidden
+  Underneath the linen bonnet
+  That the wife. must wear forever;
+  Weep at morning, weep at evening,
+  Weep alas! for waning beauty,
+  Childhood vanished, youth departed,
+  Silver sunshine, golden moonlight,
+  Hope and pleasure of my childhood,
+  Taken from me now forever,
+  And so soon to be forgotten
+  At the tool-bench of my brother,
+  At the window of my sister,
+  In the cottage of my father."
+  Spake again the gray-haired mother
+  To her wailing daughter Aino:
+  "Cease thy sorrow, foolish maiden,
+  By thy tears thou art ungrateful,
+  Reason none for thy repining,
+  Not the slightest cause for weeping;
+  Everywhere the silver sunshine
+  Falls as bright on other households;
+  Not alone the moonlight glimmers
+  Through thy father's open windows,
+  On the work-bench of thy brother;
+  Flowers bloom in every meadow,
+  Berries grow on every mountain;
+  Thou canst go thyself and find them,
+  All the day long go and find them;
+  Not alone thy brother's meadows
+  Grow the beauteous vines and flowers;
+  Not alone thy father's mountains
+  Yield the ripe, nutritious berries;
+  Flowers bloom in other meadows,
+  Berries grow on other mountains,
+  There as here, my lovely Aino."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE IV.
+
+
+
+  THE FATE OF AINO.
+
+
+  When the night had passed, the maiden,
+  Sister fair of Youkahainen,
+  Hastened early to the forest,
+  Birchen shoots for brooms to gather,
+  Went to gather birchen tassels;
+  Bound a bundle for her father,
+  Bound a birch-broom for her mother,
+  Silken tassels for her sister.
+  Straightway then she hastened homeward,
+  By a foot-path left the forest;
+  As she neared the woodland border,
+  Lo! the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Quickly spying out the maiden,
+  As she left the birchen woodland,
+  Trimly dressed in costly raiment,
+  And the minstrel thus addressed her:
+  "Aino, beauty of the Northland,
+  Wear not, lovely maid, for others,
+  Only wear for me, sweet maiden,
+  Golden cross upon thy bosom,
+  Shining pearls upon thy shoulders;
+  Bind for me thine auburn tresses,
+  Wear for me thy golden braidlets."
+  Thus the maiden quickly answered:
+  "Not for thee and not for others,
+  Hang I from my neck the crosslet,
+  Deck my hair with silken ribbons;
+  Need no more the many trinkets
+  Brought to me by ship or shallop;
+  Sooner wear the simplest raiment,
+  Feed upon the barley bread-crust,
+  Dwell forever with my mother
+  In the cabin with my father."
+  Then she threw the gold cross from her,
+  Tore the jewels from her fingers,
+  Quickly loosed her shining necklace,
+  Quick untied her silken ribbons,
+  Cast them all away indignant
+  Into forest ferns and flowers.
+  Thereupon the maiden, Aino,
+  Hastened to her mother's cottage.
+  At the window sat her father
+  Whittling on an oaken ax-helve:
+  "Wherefore weepest, beauteous Aino,
+  Aino, my beloved daughter?
+  "Cause enough for weeping, father,
+  Good the reasons for my mourning,
+  This, the reason for my weeping,
+  This, the cause of all my sorrow:
+  From my breast I tore the crosslet,
+  From my belt, the clasp of copper,
+  From my waist, the belt of silver,
+  Golden was my pretty crosslet."
+  Near the door-way sat her brother,
+  Carving out a birchen ox-bow:
+  "Why art weeping, lovely Aino,
+  Aino, my devoted sister?"
+  "Cause enough for weeping, brother,
+  Good the reasons for my mourning
+  Therefore come I as thou seest,
+  Rings no longer on my fingers,
+  On my neck no pretty necklace;
+  Golden were the rings thou gavest,
+  And the necklace, pearls and silver!"
+  On the threshold sat her sister,
+  Weaving her a golden girdle:
+  "Why art weeping, beauteous Aino,
+  Aino, my beloved sister?"
+  "Cause enough for weeping, sister,
+  Good the reasons for my sorrow:
+  Therefore come I as thou seest,
+  On my head no scarlet fillet,
+  In my hair no braids of silver,
+  On mine arms no purple ribbons,
+  Round my neck no shining necklace,
+  On my breast no golden crosslet,
+  In mine ears no golden ear-rings."
+  Near the door-way of the dairy,
+  Skimming cream, sat Aino's mother.
+  "Why art weeping, lovely Aino,
+  Aino, my devoted daughter?"
+  Thus the sobbing maiden answered;
+  "Loving mother, all-forgiving,
+  Cause enough for this my weeping,
+  Good the reasons for my sorrow,
+  Therefore do I weep, dear mother:
+  I have been within the forest,
+  Brooms to bind and shoots to gather,
+  There to pluck some birchen tassels;
+  Bound a bundle for my father,
+  Bound a second for my mother,
+  Bound a third one for my brother,
+  For my sister silken tassels.
+  Straightway then I hastened homeward,
+  By a foot-path left the forest;
+  As I reached the woodland border
+  Spake Osmoinen from the cornfield,
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  'Wear not, beauteous maid, for others,
+  Only wear for me, sweet maiden,
+  On thy breast a golden crosslet,
+  Shining pearls upon thy shoulders,
+  Bind for me thine auburn tresses,
+  Weave for me thy silver braidlets.'
+  Then I threw the gold-cross from me,
+  Tore the jewels from my fingers,
+  Quickly loosed my shining necklace,
+  Quick untied my silken ribbons,
+  Cast them all away indignant,
+  Into forest ferns and flowers.
+  Then I thus addressed the singer:
+  'Not for thee and not for others,
+  Hang I from my neck the crosslet,
+  Deck my hair with silken ribbons;
+  Need no more the many trinkets,
+  Brought to me by ship and shallop;
+  Sooner wear the simplest raiment,
+  Feed upon the barley bread-crust,
+  Dwell forever with my mother
+  In the cabin with my father.'"
+  Thus the gray-haired mother answered
+  Aino, her beloved daughter:
+  "Weep no more, my lovely maiden,
+  Waste no more of thy sweet young-life;
+  One year eat thou my sweet butter,
+  It will make thee strong and ruddy;
+  Eat another year fresh bacon,
+  It will make thee tall and queenly;
+  Eat a third year only dainties,
+  It will make thee fair and lovely.
+  Now make haste to yonder hill-top,
+  To the store-house on the mountain,
+  Open there the large compartment,
+  Thou will find it filled with boxes,
+  Chests and cases, trunks and boxes;
+  Open thou the box, the largest,
+  Lift away the gaudy cover,
+  Thou will find six golden girdles,
+  Seven rainbow-tinted dresses,
+  Woven by the Moon's fair daughters,
+  Fashioned by the Sun's sweet virgins.
+  In my young years once I wandered,
+  As a maiden on the mountains,
+  In the happy days of childhood,
+  Hunting berries in the coppice;
+  There by chance I heard the daughters
+  Of the Moon as they were weaving;
+  There I also heard the daughters
+  Of the Sun as they were spinning
+  On the red rims of the cloudlets,
+  O'er the blue edge of the forest,
+  On the border of the pine-wood,
+  On a high and distant mountain.
+  I approached them, drawing nearer,
+  Stole myself within their hearing,
+  Then began I to entreat them,
+  Thus besought them, gently pleading:
+  'Give thy silver, Moon's fair daughters,
+  To a poor, but worthy maiden;
+  Give thy gold, O Sun's sweet virgins,
+  To this maiden, young and needy.'
+  Thereupon the Moon's fair daughters
+  Gave me silver from their coffers;
+  And the Sun's sweet shining virgins
+  Gave me gold from their abundance,
+  Gold to deck my throbbing temples,
+  For my hair the shining silver.
+  Then I hastened joyful homeward,
+  Richly laden with my treasures,
+  Happy to my mother's cottage;
+  Wore them one day, than a second,
+  Then a third day also wore them,
+  Took the gold then from my temples,
+  From my hair I took the silver,
+  Careful laid them in their boxes,
+  Many seasons have they lain there,
+  Have not seen them since my childhood.
+  Deck thy brow with silken ribbon,
+  Trim with gold thy throbbing temples,
+  And thy neck with pearly necklace,
+  Hang the gold-cross on thy bosom,
+  Robe thyself in pure, white linen
+  Spun from flax of finest fiber;
+  Wear withal the richest short-frock,
+  Fasten it with golden girdle;
+  On thy feet, put silken stockings,
+  With the shoes of finest leather;
+  Deck thy hair with golden braidlets,
+  Bind it well with threads of silver;
+  Trim with rings thy fairy fingers,
+  And thy hands with dainty ruffles;
+  Come bedecked then to thy chamber,
+  Thus return to this thy household,
+  To the greeting of thy kindred,
+  To the joy of all that know thee,
+  Flushed thy cheeks as ruddy berries,
+  Coming as thy father's sunbeam,
+  Walking beautiful and queenly,
+  Far more beautiful than moonlight."
+  Thus she spake to weeping Aino,
+  Thus the mother to her daughter;
+  But the maiden, little bearing,
+  Does not heed her mother's wishes;
+  Straightway hastens to the court-yard,
+  There to weep in bitter sorrow,
+  All alone to weep in anguish.
+  Waiting long the wailing Aino
+  Thus at last soliloquizes:
+  "Unto what can I now liken
+  Happy homes and joys of fortune?
+  Like the waters in the river,
+  Like the waves in yonder lakelet,
+  Like the crystal waters flowing.
+  Unto what, the biting sorrow
+  Of the child of cold misfortune?
+  Like the spirit of the sea-duck,
+  Like the icicle in winter,
+  Water in the well imprisoned.
+  Often roamed my mind in childhood,
+  When a maiden free and merry,
+  Happily through fen and fallow,
+  Gamboled on the meads with lambkins,
+  Lingered with the ferns and flowers,
+  Knowing neither pain nor trouble;
+  Now my mind is filled with sorrow,
+  Wanders though the bog and stubble,
+  Wanders weary through the brambles,
+  Roams throughout the dismal forest,
+  Till my life is filled with darkness,
+  And my spirit white with anguish.
+  Better had it been for Aino
+  Had she never seen the sunlight,
+  Or if born had died an infant,
+  Had not lived to be a maiden
+  In these days of sin and sorrow,
+  Underneath a star so luckless.
+  Better had it been for Aino,
+  Had she died upon the eighth day
+  After seven nights had vanished;
+  Needed then but little linen,
+  Needed but a little coffin,
+  And a grave of smallest measure;
+  Mother would have mourned a little,
+  Father too perhaps a trifle,
+  Sister would have wept the day through,
+  Brother might have shed a tear-drop,
+  Thus had ended all the mourning."
+  Thus poor Aino wept and murmured,
+  Wept one day, and then a second,
+  Wept a third from morn till even,
+  When again her mother asked her:
+  "Why this weeping, fairest daughter,
+  Darling daughter, why this grieving?
+  Thus the tearful maiden answered:
+  Therefore do I weep and sorrow,
+  Wretched maiden all my life long,
+  Since poor Aino, thou hast given,
+  Since thy daughter thou hast promised
+  To the aged Wainamoinen,
+  Comfort to his years declining
+  Prop to stay him when he totters,
+  In the storm a roof above him,
+  In his home a cloak around him;
+  Better far if thou hadst sent me
+  Far below the salt-sea surges,
+  To become the whiting's sister,
+  And the friend of perch and salmon;
+  Better far to ride the billows,
+  Swim the sea-foam as a mermaid,
+  And the friend of nimble fishes,
+  Than to be an old man's solace,
+  Prop to stay him when be totters,
+  Hand to aid him when he trembles,
+  Arm to guide him when he falters,
+  Strength to give him when he weakens;
+  Better be the whiting's sister
+  And the friend of perch and salmon,
+  Than an old man's slave and darling."
+  Ending thus she left her mother,
+  Straightway hastened to the mountain?
+  To the store-house on the summit,
+  Opened there the box the largest,
+  From the box six lids she lifted,
+  Found therein six golden girdles,
+  Silken dresses seven in number.
+  Choosing such as pleased her fancy,
+  She adorned herself as bidden,
+  Robed herself to look her fairest,
+  Gold upon her throbbing temples,
+  In her hair the shining silver,
+  On her shoulders purple ribbons,
+  Band of blue around her forehead,
+  Golden cross, and rings, and jewels,
+  Fitting ornaments to beauty.
+  Now she leaves her many treasures,
+  Leaves the store-house on the mountain,
+  Filled with gold and silver trinkets,
+  Wanders over field and meadow,
+  Over stone-fields waste and barren,
+  Wanders on through fen and forest,
+  Through the forest vast and cheerless,
+  Wanders hither, wanders thither,
+  Singing careless as she wanders,
+  This her mournful song and echo:
+  "Woe is me, my life hard-fated!
+  Woe to Aino, broken-hearted!
+  Torture racks my heart and temples,
+  Yet the sting would not be deeper,
+  Nor the pain and anguish greater,
+  If beneath this weight of sorrow,
+  In my saddened heart's dejection,
+  I should yield my life forever,
+  Now unhappy, I should perish!
+  Lo! the time has come for Aino
+  From this cruel world to hasten,
+  To the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  To the realm of the departed,
+  To the isle of the hereafter.
+  Weep no more for me, O Father,
+  Mother dear, withhold thy censure,
+  Lovely sister, dry thine eyelids,
+  Do not mourn me, dearest brother,
+  When I sink beneath the sea-foam,
+  Make my home in salmon-grottoes,
+  Make my bed in crystal waters,
+  Water-ferns my couch and pillow."
+  All day long poor Aino wandered,
+  All the next day, sad and weary,
+  So the third from morn till evening,
+  Till the cruel night enwrapped her,
+  As she reached the sandy margin,
+  Reached the cold and dismal sea-shore,
+  Sat upon the rock of sorrow,
+  Sat alone in cold and darkness,
+  Listened only to the music
+  Of the winds and rolling billows,
+  Singing all the dirge of Aino.
+  All that night the weary maiden
+  Wept and wandered on the border
+  Through the sand and sea-washed pebbles.
+  As the day dawns, looking round her,
+  She beholds three water-maidens,
+  On a headland jutting seaward,
+  Water-maidens four in number,
+  Sitting on the wave-lashed ledges,
+  Swimming now upon the billows,
+  Now upon the rocks reposing.
+  Quick the weeping maiden, Aino,
+  Hastens there to join the mermaids,
+  Fairy maidens of the waters.
+  Weeping Aino, now disrobing,
+  Lays aside with care her garments,
+  Hangs her silk robes on the alders,
+  Drops her gold-cross on the sea-shore,
+  On the aspen hangs her ribbons,
+  On the rocks her silken stockings,
+  On the grass her shoes of deer-skin,
+  In the sand her shining necklace,
+  With her rings and other jewels.
+  Out at sea a goodly distance,
+  Stood a rock of rainbow colors,
+  Glittering in silver sunlight.
+  Toward it springs the hapless maiden,
+  Thither swims the lovely Aino,
+  Up the standing-stone has clambered,
+  Wishing there to rest a moment,
+  Rest upon the rock of beauty;
+  When upon a sudden swaying
+  To and fro among the billows,
+  With a crash and roar of waters
+  Falls the stone of many colors,
+  Falls upon the very bottom
+  Of the deep and boundless blue-sea.
+  With the stone of rainbow colors,
+  Falls the weeping maiden, Aino,
+  Clinging to its craggy edges,
+  Sinking far below the surface,
+  To the bottom of the blue-sea.
+  Thus the weeping maiden vanished.
+  Thus poor Aino sank and perished,
+  Singing as the stone descended,
+  Chanting thus as she departed:
+  Once to swim I sought the sea-side,
+  There to sport among the billows;
+  With the stone or many colors
+  Sank poor Aino to the bottom
+  Of the deep and boundless blue-sea,
+  Like a pretty son-bird. perished.
+  Never come a-fishing, father,
+  To the borders of these waters,
+  Never during all thy life-time,
+  As thou lovest daughter Aino.
+  "Mother dear, I sought the sea-side,
+  There to sport among the billows;
+  With the stone of many colors,
+  Sank poor Aino to the bottom
+  Of the deep and boundless blue-sea,
+  Like a pretty song-bird perished.
+  Never mix thy bread, dear mother,
+  With the blue-sea's foam and waters,
+  Never during all thy life-time,
+  As thou lovest daughter Aino.
+  Brother dear, I sought the sea-side,
+  There to sport among the billows;
+  With the stone of many colors
+  Sank poor Aino to the bottom
+  Of the deep and boundless blue-sea,
+  Like a pretty song-bird perished.
+  Never bring thy prancing war-horse,
+  Never bring thy royal racer,
+  Never bring thy steeds to water,
+  To the borders of the blue-sea,
+  Never during all thy life-time,
+  As thou lovest sister Aino.
+  "Sister dear, I sought the sea-side,
+  There to sport among the billows;
+  With the stone of many colors
+  Sank poor Aino to the bottom
+  Of the deep and boundless blue-sea,
+  Like a pretty song-bird perished.
+  Never come to lave thine eyelids
+  In this rolling wave and sea-foam,
+  Never during all thy life-time,
+  As thou lovest sister Aino.
+  All the waters in the blue-sea
+  Shall be blood of Aino's body;
+  All the fish that swim these waters
+  Shall be Aino's flesh forever;
+  All the willows on the sea-side
+  Shall be Aino's ribs hereafter;
+  All the sea-grass on the margin
+  Will have grown from Aino's tresses."
+  Thus at last the maiden vanished,
+  Thus the lovely Aino perished.
+  Who will tell the cruel story,
+  Who will bear the evil tidings
+  To the cottage of her mother,
+  Once the home of lovely Aino?
+  Will the bear repeat the story,
+  Tell the tidings to her mother?
+  Nay, the bear must not be herald,
+  He would slay the herds of cattle.
+  Who then tell the cruel story,
+  Who will bear the evil tidings
+  To the cottage of her father,
+  Once the home of lovely Aino?
+  Shall the wolf repeat the story,
+  Tell the sad news to her father?
+  Nay, the wolf must not be herald,
+  He would eat the gentle lambkins.
+  Who then tell the cruel story,
+  Who will bear the evil tidings.
+  To the cottage of her sister?
+  'Will the fox repeat the story
+  Tell the tidings to her sister?
+  Nay, the fox must not be herald,
+  He would eat the ducks and chickens.
+  Who then tell the cruel story,
+  Who will bear the evil tidings
+  To the cottage of her brother,
+  Once the home of lovely Aino?
+  Shall the hare repeat the story,
+  Bear the sad news to her brother?
+  Yea, the hare shall be the herald,
+  Tell to all the cruel story.
+  Thus the harmless hare makes answer:
+  "I will bear the evil tidings
+  To the former home of Aino,
+  Tell the story to her kindred."
+  Swiftly flew the long-eared herald,
+  Like the winds be hastened onward,
+  Galloped swift as flight of eagles;
+  Neck awry he bounded forward
+  Till he gained the wished-for cottage,
+  Once the home of lovely Aino.
+  Silent was the home, and vacant;
+  So he hastened to the bath-house,
+  Found therein a group of maidens,
+  Working each upon a birch-broom.
+  Sat the hare upon the threshold,
+  And the maidens thus addressed him:
+  "Hie e there, Long-legs, or we'll roast thee,
+  Hie there, Big-eye, or we'll stew thee,
+  Roast thee for our lady's breakfast,
+  Stew thee for our master's dinner,
+  Make of thee a meal for Aino,
+  And her brother, Youkahainen!
+  Better therefore thou shouldst gallop
+  To thy burrow in the mountains,
+  Than be roasted for our dinners."
+  Then the haughty hare made answer,
+  Chanting thus the fate of Aino:
+  "Think ye not I journey hither,
+  To be roasted in the skillet,
+  To be stewed in yonder kettle
+  Let fell Lempo fill thy tables!
+  I have come with evil tidings,
+  Come to tell the cruel story
+  Of the flight and death of Aino,
+  Sister dear of Youkahainen.
+  With the stone of many colors
+  Sank poor Aino to the bottom
+  Of the deep and boundless waters,
+  Like a pretty song-bird perished;
+  Hung her ribbons on the aspen,
+  Left her gold-cross on the sea-shore,
+  Silken robes upon the alders,
+  On the rocks her silken stockings,
+  On the grass her shoes of deer-skin,
+  In the sand her shining necklace,
+  In the sand her rings and jewels;
+  In the waves, the lovely Aino,
+  Sleeping on the very bottom
+  Of the deep and boundless blue-sea,
+  In the caverns of the salmon,
+  There to be the whiting's sister
+  And the friend of nimble fishes."
+  Sadly weeps the ancient mother
+  From her blue-eyes bitter tear-drops,
+  As in sad and wailing measures,
+  Broken-hearted thus she answers:
+  "Listen, all ye mothers, listen,
+  Learn from me a tale of wisdom:
+  Never urge unwilling daughters
+  From the dwellings of their fathers,
+  To the bridegrooms that they love not,
+  Not as I, inhuman mother,
+  Drove away my lovely Aino,
+  Fairest daughter of the Northland."
+  Sadly weeps the gray-haired mother,
+  And the tears that fall are bitter,
+  Flowing down her wrinkled visage,
+  Till they trickle on her bosom;
+  Then across her heaving bosom,
+  Till they reach her garment's border;
+  Then adown her silken stockings,
+  Till they touch her shoes of deer-skin;
+  Then beneath her shoes of deer-skin,
+  Flowing on and flowing ever,
+  Part to earth as its possession,
+  Part to water as its portion.
+  As the tear-drops fall and mingle,
+  Form they streamlets three in number,
+  And their source, the mother's eyelids,
+  Streamlets formed from pearly tear-drops,
+  Flowing on like little rivers,
+  And each streamlet larger growing,
+  Soon becomes a rushing torrent
+  In each rushing, roaring torrent
+  There a cataract is foaming,
+  Foaming in the silver sunlight;
+  From the cataract's commotion
+  Rise three pillared rocks in grandeur;
+  From each rock, upon the summit,
+  Grow three hillocks clothed in verdure;
+  From each hillock, speckled birches,
+  Three in number, struggle skyward;
+  On the summit of each birch-tree
+  Sits a golden cuckoo calling,
+  And the three sing, all in concord:
+  "Love! O Love! the first one calleth;
+  Sings the second, Suitor! Suitor!
+  And the third one calls and echoes,
+  "Consolation! Consolation!"
+  He that "Love! O Love!" is calling,
+  Calls three moons and calls unceasing,
+  For the love-rejecting maiden
+  Sleeping in the deep sea-castles.
+  He that "Suitor! Suitor!" singeth,
+  Sings six moons and sings unceasing
+  For the suitor that forever
+  Sings and sues without a hearing.
+  He that sadly sings and echoes,
+  "Consolation! Consolation!"
+  Sings unceasing all his life long
+  For the broken-hearted mother
+  That must mourn and weep forever.
+  When the lone and wretched mother
+  Heard the sacred cuckoo singing,
+  Spake she thus, and sorely weeping:
+  "When I hear the cuckoo calling,
+  Then my heart is filled with sorrow;
+  Tears unlock my heavy eyelids,
+  Flow adown my, furrowed visage,
+  Tears as large as silver sea pearls;
+  Older grow my wearied elbows,
+  Weaker ply my aged fingers,
+  Wearily, in all its members,
+  Does my body shake in palsy,
+  When I hear the cuckoo singing,
+  Hear the sacred cuckoo calling."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE V.
+
+
+
+  WAINAVOINEN'S LAMENTATION.
+
+
+  Far and wide the tidings travelled,
+  Far away men heard the story
+  Of the flight and death of Aino,
+  Sister dear of Youkahainen,
+  Fairest daughter of creation.
+  Wainamoinen, brave and truthful,
+  Straightway fell to bitter weeping,
+  Wept at morning, wept at evening,
+  Sleepless, wept the dreary night long,
+  That his Aino had departed,
+  That the maiden thus had vanished,
+  Thus had sunk upon the bottom
+  Of the blue-sea, deep and boundless.
+  Filled with grief, the ancient singer,
+  Wainamoinen of the Northland,
+  Heavy-hearted, sorely weeping,
+  Hastened to the restless waters,
+  This the suitor's prayer and question:
+  "Tell, Untamo, tell me, dreamer,
+  Tell me, Indolence, thy visions,
+  Where the water-gods may linger,
+  Where may rest Wellamo's maidens?"
+  Then Untamo, thus made answer,
+  Lazily he told his dreamings:
+  "Over there, the mermaid-dwellings,
+  Yonder live Wellamo's maidens,
+  On the headland robed in verdure,
+  On the forest-covered island,
+  In the deep, pellucid waters,
+  On the purple-colored sea-shore;
+  Yonder is the home or sea-maids,
+  There the maidens of Wellamo,
+  Live there in their sea-side chambers,
+  Rest within their water-caverns,
+  On the rocks of rainbow colors,
+  On the juttings of the sea-cliffs."
+  Straightway hastens Wainamoinen
+  To a boat-house on the sea-shore,
+  Looks with care upon the fish-hooks,
+  And the lines he well considers;
+  Lines, and hooks, and poles, arid fish-nets,
+  Places in a boat of copper,
+  Then begins he swiftly rowing
+  To the forest-covered island,
+  To the point enrobed In verdure,
+  To the purple-colored headland,
+  Where the sea-nymphs live and linger.
+  Hardly does he reach the island
+  Ere the minstrel starts to angle;
+  Far away he throws his fish-hook,
+  Trolls it quickly through the waters,
+  Turning on a copper swivel
+  Dangling from a silver fish-line,
+  Golden is the hook he uses.
+  Now he tries his silken fish-net,
+  Angles long, and angles longer,
+  Angles one day, then a second,
+  In the morning, in the evening,
+  Angles at the hour of noontide,
+  Many days and nights he angles,
+  Till at last, one sunny morning,
+  Strikes a fish of magic powers,
+  Plays like salmon on his fish-line,
+  Lashing waves across the waters,
+  Till at length the fish exhausted
+  Falls a victim to the angler,
+  Safely landed in the bottom
+  Of the hero's boat of copper.
+  Wainamoinen, proudly viewing,
+  Speaks these words in wonder guessing:
+  "This the fairest of all sea-fish,
+  Never have I seen its equal,
+  Smoother surely than the salmon,
+  Brighter-spotted than the trout is,
+  Grayer than the pike of Suomi,
+  Has less fins than any female,
+  Not the fins of any male fish,
+  Not the stripes of sea-born maidens,
+  Not the belt of any mermaid,
+  Not the ears of any song-bird,
+  Somewhat like our Northland salmon
+  From the blue-sea's deepest caverns."
+  In his belt the ancient hero
+  Wore a knife insheathed with silver;
+  From its case he drew the fish-knife,
+  Thus to carve the fish in pieces,
+  Dress the nameless fish for roasting,
+  Make of it a dainty breakfast,
+  Make of it a meal at noon-day,
+  Make for him a toothsome supper,
+  Make the later meal at evening.
+  Straightway as the fish he touches,
+  Touches with his knife of silver,
+  Quick it leaps upon the waters,
+  Dives beneath the sea's smooth surface,
+  From the boat with copper bottom,
+  From the skiff of Wainamoinen.
+  In the waves at goodly distance,
+  Quickly from the sea it rises
+  On the sixth and seventh billows,
+  Lifts its head above the waters,
+  Out of reach of fishing-tackle,
+  Then addresses Wainamoinen,
+  Chiding thus the ancient hero:
+  "Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel,
+  Do not think that I came hither
+  To be fished for as a salmon,
+  Only to be chopped in pieces,
+  Dressed and eaten like a whiting
+  Make for thee a dainty breakfast,
+  Make for thee a meal at midday,
+  Make for thee a toothsome supper,
+  Make the fourth meal of the Northland."
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Wherefore didst thou then come hither,
+  If it be not for my dinner?"
+  Thus the nameless fish made answer:
+  "Hither have I come, O minstrel,
+  In thine arms to rest and linger,
+  And thyself to love and cherish,
+  At thy side a life-companion,
+  And thy wife to be forever;
+  Deck thy couch with snowy linen,
+  Smooth thy head upon the pillow,
+  Sweep thy rooms and make them cheery,
+  Keep thy dwelling-place in order,
+  Build a fire for thee when needed,
+  Bake for thee the honey-biscuit,
+  Fill thy cup with barley-water,
+  Do for thee whatever pleases.
+  "I am not a scaly sea-fish,
+  Not a trout of Northland rivers,
+  Not a whiting from the waters,
+  Not a salmon of the North-seas,
+  I, a young and merry maiden,
+  Friend and sister of the fishes,
+  Youkahainen's youngest sister,
+  I, the one that thou dost fish for,
+  I am Aino whom thou lovest.
+  "Once thou wert the wise-tongued hero,
+  Now the foolish Wainamoinen,
+  Scant of insight, scant of judgment,
+  Didst not know enough to keep me,
+  Cruel-hearted, bloody-handed,
+  Tried to kill me with thy fish-knife,
+  So to roast me for thy dinner;
+  I, a mermaid of Wellamo,
+  Once the fair and lovely Aino,
+  Sister dear of Youkahainen."
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Filled with sorrow, much regretting:
+  "Since thou'rt Youkahainen's sister,
+  Beauteous Aino of Pohyola,
+  Come to me again I pray thee!"
+  Thus the mermaid wisely answered;
+  Nevermore will Aino's spirit
+  Fly to thee and be ill-treated."
+  Quickly dived the water-maiden
+  From the surface of the billow
+  To the many-colored pebbles,
+  To the rainbow-tinted grottoes
+  Where the mermaids live and linger.
+  Wainamoinen, not discouraged,
+  Thought afresh and well reflected,
+  How to live, and work, and win her;
+  Drew with care his silken fish-net,
+  To and fro through foam and billow,
+  Through the bays and winding channels,
+  Drew it through the placid waters,
+  Drew it through the salmon-dwellings,
+  Through the homes of water-maidens,
+  Through the waters of Wainola,
+  Through the blue-back of the ocean,
+  Through the lakes of distant Lapland,
+  Through the rivers of Youkola,
+  Through the seas of Kalevala,
+  Hoping thus to find his Aino.
+  Many were the fish be landed,
+  Every form of fish-like creatures,
+  But be did not catch the sea-maid,
+  Not Wellamo's water-maiden,
+  Fairest daughter of the Northland.
+  Finally the ancient minstrel,
+  Mind depressed, and heart discouraged,
+  Spake these words, immersed in sorrow:
+  "Fool am I, and great my folly,
+  Having neither wit nor judgment;
+  Surely once I had some knowledge,
+  Had some insight into wisdom,
+  Had at least a bit of instinct;
+  But my virtues all have left me
+  In these mournful days of evil,
+  Vanished with my youth and vigor,
+  Insight gone, and sense departed,
+  All my prudence gone to others!
+  Aino, whom I love and cherish,
+  All these years have sought to honor,
+  Aino, now Wellamo's maiden,
+  Promised friend of mine when needed,
+  Promised bride of mine forever,
+  Once I had within my power,
+  Caught her in Wellamo's grottoes,
+  Led her to my boat of copper,
+  With my fish-line made of silver;
+  But alas! I could not keep her,
+  Did not know that I had caught her
+  Till too late to woo and win her;
+  Let her slip between my fingers
+  To the home of water-maidens,
+  To the kingdom of Wellamo."
+  Wainamoinen then departed,
+  Empty-handed, heavy-hearted,
+  Straightway hastened to his country,
+  To his home in Kalevala,
+  Spake these words upon his journey:
+  "What has happened to the cuckoo,
+  Once the cuckoo bringing gladness,
+  In the morning, in the evening,
+  Often bringing joy at noontide?
+  What has stilled the cuckoo's singing,
+  What has changed the cuckoo's calling?
+  Sorrow must have stilled his singing,
+  And compassion changed his calling,
+  As I hear him sing no longer,
+  For my pleasure in the morning,
+  For my happiness at evening.
+  Never shall I learn the secret,
+  How to live and how to prosper,
+  How upon the earth to rest me,
+  How upon the seas to wander!
+  Only were my ancient mother
+  Living on the face of Northland,
+  Surely she would well advise me,
+  What my thought and what my action,
+  That this cup of grief might pass me,
+  That this sorrow might escape me,
+  And this darkened cloud pass over."
+  In the deep awoke his mother,
+  From her tomb she spake as follows:
+  "Only sleeping was thy mother,
+  Now awakes to give thee answer,
+  What thy thought and what thine action,
+  That this cup of grief may pass thee,
+  That this sorrow may escape thee,
+  And this darkened cloud pass over.
+  Hie thee straightway to the Northland,
+  Visit thou the Suomi daughters;
+  Thou wilt find them wise and lovely,
+  Far more beautiful than Aino,
+  Far more worthy of a husband,
+  Not such silly chatter-boxes,
+  As the fickle Lapland maidens.
+  Take for thee a life-companion,
+  From the honest homes of Suomi,
+  One of Northland's honest daughters;
+  She will charm thee with her sweetness,
+  Make thee happy through her goodness,
+  Form perfection, manners easy,
+  Every step and movement graceful,
+  Full of wit and good behavior,
+  Honor to thy home and kindred."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE VI.
+
+
+
+  WAINAMOINEN'S HAPLESS JOURNEY.
+
+
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  Now arranges for a journey
+  To the village of the Northland,
+  To the land of cruel winters,
+  To the land of little sunshine,
+  To the land of worthy women;
+  Takes his light-foot, royal racer,
+  Then adjusts the golden bridle,
+  Lays upon his back the saddle,
+  Silver-buckled, copper-stirruped,
+  Seats himself upon his courser,
+  And begins his journey northward;
+  Plunges onward, onward, onward,
+  Galloping along the highway,
+  In his saddle, gaily fashioned,
+  On his dappled steed of magic,
+  Plunging through Wainola's meadows,
+  O'er the plains of Kalevala.
+  Fast and far he galloped onward,
+  Galloped far beyond Wainola,
+  Bounded o'er the waste of waters,
+  Till he reached the blue-sea's margin,
+  Wetting not the hoofs in running.
+  But the evil Youkahainen
+  Nursed a grudge within his bosom,
+  In his heart the worm of envy,
+  Envy of this Wainamoinen,
+  Of this wonderful enchanter.
+  He prepares a cruel cross-bow,
+  Made of steel and other metals,
+  Paints the bow in many colors,
+  Molds the top-piece out or copper,
+  Trims his bow with snowy silver,
+  Gold he uses too in trimming,
+  Then he hunts for strongest sinews,
+  Finds them in the stag of Hisi,
+  Interweaves the flax of Lempo.
+  Ready is the cruel cross-bow,
+  String, and shaft, and ends are finished,
+  Beautiful the bow and mighty,
+  Surely cost it not a trifle;
+  On the back a painted courser,
+  On each end a colt of beauty,
+  Near the curve a maiden sleeping
+  Near the notch a hare is bounding,
+  Wonderful the bow thus fashioned;
+  Cuts some arrows for his quiver,
+  Covers them with finest feathers,
+  From the oak the shafts be fashions,
+  Makes the tips of keenest metal.
+  As the rods and points are finished,
+  Then he feathers well his arrows
+  From the plumage of the swallow,
+  From the wing-quills of the sparrow;
+  Hardens well his feathered arrows,
+  And imparts to each new virtues,
+  Steeps them in the blood of serpents,
+  In the virus of the adder.
+  Ready now are all his arrows,
+  Ready strung, his cruel cross-bow.
+  Waiting for wise Wainamoinen.
+  Youkahainen, Lapland's minstrel,
+  Waits a long time, is not weary,
+  Hopes to spy the ancient singer;
+  Spies at day-dawn, spies at evening,
+  Spies he ceaselessly at noontide,
+  Lies in wait for the magician,
+  Waits, and watches, as in envy;
+  Sits he at the open window,
+  Stands behind the hedge, and watches
+  In the foot-path waits, and listens,
+  Spies along the balks of meadows;
+  On his back he hangs his quiver,
+  In his quiver, feathered arrows
+  Dipped in virus of the viper,
+  On his arm the mighty cross-bow,
+  Waits, and watches, and unwearied,
+  Listens from the boat-house window,
+  Lingers at the end of Fog-point,
+  By the river flowing seaward,
+  Near the holy stream and whirlpool,
+  Near the sacred river's fire-fall.
+  Finally the Lapland minstrel,
+  Youkahainen of Pohyola,
+  At the breaking of the day-dawn,
+  At the early hour of morning,
+  Fixed his gaze upon the North-east,
+  Turned his eyes upon the sunrise,
+  Saw a black cloud on the ocean,
+  Something blue upon the waters,
+  And soliloquized as follows:
+  "Are those clouds on the horizon,
+  Or perchance the dawn of morning?
+  Neither clouds on the horizon,
+  Nor the dawning of the morning;
+  It is ancient Wainamoinen,
+  The renowned and wise enchanter,
+  Riding on his way to Northland;
+  On his steed, the royal racer,
+  Magic courser of Wainola."
+  Quickly now young Youkahainen,
+  Lapland's vain and evil minstrel,
+  Filled with envy, grasps his cross-bow,
+  Makes his bow and arrows ready
+  For the death of Wainamoinen.
+  Quick his aged mother asked him,
+  Spake these words to Youkahainen:
+  "For whose slaughter is thy cross-bow,
+  For whose heart thy poisoned arrows?"
+  Youkahainen thus made answer:
+  "I have made this mighty cross-bow,
+  Fashioned bow and poisoned arrows
+  For the death of Wainamoinen,
+  Thus to slay the friend of waters;
+  I must shoot the old magician,
+  The eternal bard and hero,
+  Through the heart, and through the liver,
+  Through the head, and through the shoulders,
+  With this bow and feathered arrows
+  Thus destroy my rival minstrel."
+  Then the aged mother answered,
+  Thus reproving, thus forbidding.
+  Do not slay good Wainamoinen,
+  Ancient hero of the Northland,
+  From a noble tribe descended,
+  He, my sister's son, my nephew.
+  If thou slayest Wainamoinen,
+  Ancient son of Kalevala,
+  Then alas! all joy will vanish,
+  Perish all our wondrous singing;
+  Better on the earth the gladness,
+  Better here the magic music,
+  Than within the nether regions,
+  In the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  In the realm of the departed,
+  In the land of the hereafter."
+  Then the youthful Youkahainen
+  Thought awhile and well considered,
+  Ere he made a final answer.
+  With one hand he raised the cross-bow
+  But the other seemed to weaken,
+  As he drew the cruel bow-string.
+  Finally these words he uttered
+  As his bosom swelled with envy:
+  "Let all joy forever vanish,
+  Let earth's pleasures quickly perish,
+  Disappear earth's sweetest music,
+  Happiness depart forever;
+  Shoot I will this rival minstrel,
+  Little heeding what the end is."
+  Quickly now he bends his fire-bow,
+  On his left knee rests the weapon,
+  With his right foot firmly planted,
+  Thus he strings his bow of envy;
+  Takes three arrows from his quiver,
+  Choosing well the best among them,
+  Carefully adjusts the bow-string,
+  Sets with care the feathered arrow,
+  To the flaxen string he lays it,
+  Holds the cross-bow to his shoulder,
+  Aiming well along the margin,
+  At the heart of Wainamoinen,
+  Waiting till he gallops nearer;
+  In the shadow of a thicket,
+  Speaks these words while he is waiting
+  "Be thou, flaxen string, elastic;
+  Swiftly fly, thou feathered ash-wood,
+  Swiftly speed, thou deadly missile,
+  Quick as light, thou poisoned arrow,
+  To the heart of Wainamoinen.
+  If my hand too low should hold thee,
+  May the gods direct thee higher;
+  If too high mine eye should aim thee,
+  May the gods direct thee lower."
+  Steady now he pulls the trigger;
+  Like the lightning flies the arrow
+  O'er the head of Wainamoinen;
+  To the upper sky it darteth,
+  And the highest clouds it pierces,
+  Scatters all the flock of lamb-clouds,
+  On its rapid journey skyward.
+  Not discouraged, quick selecting,
+  Quick adjusting, Youkahainen,
+  Quickly aiming shoots a second.
+  Speeds the arrow swift as lightning;
+  Much too low he aimed the missile,
+  Into earth the arrow plunges,
+  Pierces to the lower regions,
+  Splits in two the old Sand Mountain.
+  Nothing daunted, Youkahainen,
+  Quick adjusting shoots a third one.
+  Swift as light it speeds its journey,
+  Strikes the steed of Wainamoinen,
+  Strikes the light-foot, ocean-swimmer,
+  Strikes him near his golden girdle,
+  Through the shoulder of the racer.
+  Thereupon wise Wainamoinen
+  Headlong fell upon the waters,
+  Plunged beneath the rolling billows,
+  From the saddle of the courser,
+  From his dappled steed of magic.
+  Then arose a mighty storm-wind,
+  Roaring wildly on the waters,
+  Bore away old Wainamoinen
+  Far from land upon the billows,
+  On the high and rolling billows,
+  On the broad sea's great expanses.
+  Boasted then young Youkahainen,
+  Thinking Waino dead and buried,
+  These the boastful words be uttered:
+  "Nevermore, old Wainamoinen,
+  Nevermore in all thy life-time,
+  While the golden moonlight glistens,
+  Nevermore wilt fix thy vision
+  On the meadows of Wainola,
+  On the plains of Kalevala;
+  Full six years must swim the ocean,
+  Tread the waves for seven summers,
+  Eight years ride the foamy billows,
+  In the broad expanse of water;
+  Six long autumns as a fir-tree,
+  Seven winters as a pebble;
+  Eight long summers as an aspen."
+  Thereupon the Lapland minstrel
+  Hastened to his room delighting,
+  When his mother thus addressed him
+  "Hast thou slain good Wainamoinen,
+  Slain the son of Kalevala?"
+  Youkahainen thus made answer:
+  "I have slain old Wainamoinen,
+  Slain the son of Kalevala,
+  That he now may plow the ocean,
+  That he now may sweep the waters,
+  On the billows rock and slumber.
+  In the salt-sea plunged he headlong,
+  In the deep sank the magician,
+  Sidewise turned he to the sea-shore
+  On his back to rock forever,
+  Thus the boundless sea to travel,
+  Thus to ride the rolling billows."
+  This the answer of the mother:
+  "Woe to earth for this thine action,
+  Gone forever, joy and singing,
+  Vanished is the wit of ages!
+  Thou hast slain good Wainamoinen.
+  Slain the ancient wisdom-singer,
+  Slain the pride of Suwantala,
+  Slain the hero of Wainola,
+  Slain the joy of Kalevala."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE VII.
+
+
+
+  WAINIOINEN'S RESCUE.
+
+
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  Swam through all the deep-sea waters,
+  Floating like a branch of aspen,
+  Like a withered twig of willow;
+  Swam six days in summer weather,
+  Swam six nights in golden moonlight;
+  Still before him rose the billows,
+  And behind him sky and ocean.
+  Two days more he swam undaunted,
+  Two long nights be struggled onward.
+  On the evening of the eighth day,
+  Wainamoinen grew disheartened,
+  Felt a very great discomfort,
+  For his feet had lost their toe-nails,
+  And his fingers dead and dying.
+  Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel,
+  Sad and weary, spake as follows:
+  "Woe is me, my old life fated!
+  Woe is me, misfortune's offspring!
+  Fool was I when fortune, favored,
+  To forsake my home and kindred,
+  For a maiden fair and lovely,
+  Here beneath the starry heavens,
+  In this cruel waste of waters,
+  Days and nights to swim and wander,
+  Here to struggle with the storm-winds,
+  To be tossed by heaving billows,
+  In this broad sea's great expanses,
+  In this ocean vast and boundless.
+  "Cold my life and sad and dreary,
+  Painful too for me to linger
+  Evermore within these waters,
+  Thus to struggle for existence!
+  Cannot know how I can prosper,
+  How to find me food and shelter,
+  In these cold and lifeless waters,
+  In these days of dire misfortune.
+  Build I in the winds my dwelling?
+  It will find no sure foundation.
+  Build my home upon the billows?
+  Surely would the waves destroy it."
+  Comes a bird from far Pohyola,
+  From the occident, an eagle,
+  Is not classed among the largest,
+  Nor belongs he to the smallest;
+  One wing touches on the waters,
+  While the other sweeps the heavens;
+  O'er the waves he wings his body,
+  Strikes his beak upon the sea-cliffs,
+  Flies about, then safely perches,
+  Looks before him, looks behind him,
+  There beholds brave Wainamoinen,
+  On the blue-back of the ocean,
+  And the eagle thus accosts him:
+  "Wherefore art thou, ancient hero,
+  Swimming in the deep-sea billows?
+  Thus the water-minstrel answered:
+  "I am ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Friend and fellow of the waters
+  I, the famous wisdom-singer;
+  Went to woo a Northland maiden,
+  Maiden from the dismal Darkland,
+  Quickly galloped on my journey,
+  Riding on the plain of ocean.
+  I arrived one morning early,
+  At the breaking of the day-dawn.
+  At the bay of Luotola,
+  Near Youkola's foaming river,
+  Where the evil Youkahainen
+  Slew my steed with bow and arrow,
+  Tried to slay me with his weapons.
+  On the waters fell I headlong,
+  Plunged beneath the salt-sea's surface,
+  From the saddle of the courser,
+  From my dappled steed of magic.
+  "Then arose a mighty storm-wind,
+  From the East and West a whirlwind,
+  Washed me seaward on the surges,
+  Seaward, seaward, further, further,
+  Where for many days I wandered,
+  Swam and rocked upon the billows,
+  Where as many nights I struggled,
+  In the dashing waves and sea-foam,
+  With the angry winds and waters.
+  "Woe is me, my life hard-fated!
+  Cannot solve this heavy problem,
+  How to live nor how to perish
+  In this cruel salt-sea water.
+  Build I in the winds my dwelling?
+  It will find no sure foundation.
+  Build my home upon the waters?
+  Surely will the waves destroy it.
+  Must I swim the sea forever,
+  Must I live, or must I perish?
+  What will happen if I perish,
+  If I sink below the billows,
+  Perish here from cold and hunger?"
+  Thus the bird of Ether answered
+  "Be not in the least disheartened,
+  Place thyself between my shoulders,
+  On my back be firmly seated,
+  I will lift thee from the waters,
+  Bear thee with my pinions upward,
+  Bear thee wheresoe'er thou willest.
+  Well do I the day remember
+  Where thou didst the eagle service,
+  When thou didst the birds a favor.
+  Thou didst leave the birch-tree standing,
+  When were cleared the Osmo-forests,
+  From the lands of Kalevala,
+  As a home for weary song-birds,
+  As a resting-place for eagles."
+  Then arises Wainamoinen,
+  Lifts his head above the waters,
+  Boldly rises from the sea-waves,
+  Lifts his body from the billows,
+  Seats himself upon the eagle,
+  On the eagle's feathered shoulders.
+  Quick aloft the huge bird bears him,
+  Bears the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Bears him on the path of zephyrs,
+  Floating on the vernal breezes,
+  To the distant shore of Northland,
+  To the dismal Sariola,
+  Where the eagle leaves his burden,
+  Flies away to join his fellows.
+  Wainamoinen, lone and weary,
+  Straightway fell to bitter weeping,
+  Wept and moaned in heavy accents,
+  On the border of the blue-sea.
+  On a cheerless promontory,
+  With a hundred wounds tormented,
+  Made by cruel winds and waters,
+  With his hair and beard dishevelled
+  By the surging of the billows.
+  Three long days he wept disheartened
+  Wept as many nights in anguish,
+  Did not know what way to journey,
+  Could not find a woodland foot-print,
+  That would point him to the highway,
+  To his home in Kalevala,
+  To his much-loved home and kindred.
+  Northland's young and slender maiden,
+  With complexion fair and lovely,
+  With the Sun had laid a wager,
+  With the Sun and Moon a wager,
+  Which should rise before the other,
+  On the morning of the morrow.
+  And the maiden rose in beauty,
+  Long before the Sun had risen,
+  Long before the Moon bad wakened,
+  From their beds beneath the ocean.
+  Ere the cock had crowed the day-break,
+  Ere the Sun had broken slumber
+  She had sheared six gentle lambkins,
+  Gathered from them six white fleeces,
+  Hence to make the rolls for spinning,
+  Hence to form the threads for weaving,
+  Hence to make the softest raiment,
+  Ere the morning dawn had broken,
+  Ere the sleeping Sun had risen.
+  When this task the maid had ended,
+  Then she scrubbed the birchen tables,
+  Sweeps the ground-floor of the stable,
+  With a broom of leaves and branches
+  From the birches of the Northland,
+  Scrapes the sweepings well together
+  On a shovel made of copper,
+  Carries them beyond the stable,
+  From the doorway to the meadow,
+  To the meadow's distant border,
+  Near the surges of the great-sea,
+  Listens there and looks about her,
+  Hears a wailing from the waters,
+  Hears a weeping from the sea-shore,
+  Hears a hero-voice lamenting.
+  Thereupon she hastens homeward,
+  Hastens to her mother's dwelling,
+  These the words the maiden utters:
+  "I have heard a wail from ocean,
+  Heard a weeping from the sea-coast,
+  On the shore some one lamenting."
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Ancient, toothless dame of Northland,
+  Hastens from her door and court-yard,
+  Through the meadow to the sea-shore,
+  Listens well for sounds of weeping,
+  For the wail of one in sorrow;
+  Hears the voice of one in trouble,
+  Hears a hero-cry of anguish.
+  Thus the ancient Louhi answers:
+  "This is not the wail of children,
+  These are not the tears of women,
+  In this way weep bearded heroes;
+  This the hero-cry of anguish."
+  Quick she pushed her boat to water,
+  To the floods her goodly vessel,
+  Straightway rows with lightning swiftness,
+  To the weeping Wainamoinen;
+  Gives the hero consolation,
+  Comfort gives she to the minstrel
+  Wailing in a grove of willows,
+  In his piteous condition,
+  Mid the alder-trees and aspens,
+  On the border of the salt-sea,
+  Visage trembling, locks dishevelled.
+  Ears, and eyes, and lips of sadness.
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Thus addresses Wainamoinen:
+  "Tell me what has been thy folly,
+  That thou art in this condition."
+  Old and truthful Wainamoinen
+  Lifts aloft his bead and answers:
+  "Well I know that it is folly
+  That has brought me all this trouble,
+  Brought me to this land of strangers,
+  To these regions unbefitting
+  Happy was I with my kindred,
+  In my distant home and country,
+  There my name was named in honor."
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Thus replied to Wainamoinen:
+  "I would gain the information,
+  Should I be allowed to ask thee,
+  Who thou art of ancient heroes,
+  Who of all the host of heroes?
+  This is Wainamoinen's answer:
+  "Formerly my name was mentioned,
+  Often was I heard and honored,
+  As a minstrel and magician,
+  In the long and dreary winters,
+  Called the 'Singer of the Northland,
+  In the valleys of Wainola,
+  On the plains of Kalevala;
+  No one thought that such misfortune
+  Could befall wise Wainamoinen."
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Thus replied in cheering accents
+  "Rise, O hero, from discomfort,
+  From thy bed among the willows;
+  Enter now upon the new-way,
+  Come with me to yonder dwelling,
+  There relate thy strange adventures,
+  Tell the tale of thy misfortunes."
+  Now she takes the hapless hero,
+  Lifts him from his bed of sorrow,
+  In her boat she safely seats him,
+  And begins at once her rowing,
+  Rows with steady hand and mighty
+  To her home upon the sea-shore,
+  To the dwellings of Pohyola.
+  There she feeds the starving hero,
+  Rests the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Gives him warmth, and food, and shelter,
+  And the hero soon recovers.
+  Then the hostess of Pohyola
+  Questioned thus the ancient singer:
+  "Wherefore didst thou, Wainamoinen,
+  Friend and fellow of the waters,
+  Weep in sad and bitter accents,
+  On the border of the ocean,
+  Mid the aspens and the willows?"
+  This is Wainamoinen's answer:
+  Had good reason for my weeping,
+  Cause enough for all my sorrow;
+  Long indeed had I been swimming,
+  Had been buffeting the billows,
+  In the far outstretching waters.
+  This the reason for my weeping;
+  I have lived in toil and torture,
+  Since I left my home and country,
+  Left my native land and kindred,
+  Came to this the land of strangers,
+  To these unfamiliar portals.
+  All thy trees have thorns to wound me,
+  All thy branches, spines to pierce me,
+  Even birches give me trouble,
+  And the alders bring discomfort,
+  My companions, winds and waters,
+  Only does the Sun seem friendly,
+  In this cold and cruel country,
+  Near these unfamiliar portals."
+  Louhi thereupon made answer,
+  Weep no longer, Wainamoinen,
+  Grieve no more, thou friend of waters,
+  Good for thee, that thou shouldst linger
+  At our friendly homes and firesides;
+  Thou shalt live with us and welcome,
+  Thou shalt sit at all our tables,
+  Eat the salmon from our platters,
+  Eat the sweetest of our bacon,
+  Eat the whiting from our waters."
+  Answers thus old Wainamoinen,
+  Grateful for the invitation:
+  "Never do I court strange tables,
+  Though the food be rare and toothsome;
+  One's own country is the dearest,
+  One's own table is the sweetest,
+  One's own home, the most attractive.
+  Grant, kind Ukko, God above me,
+  Thou Creator, full of mercy,
+  Grant that I again may visit
+  My beloved home and country.
+  Better dwell in one's own country,
+  There to drink Its healthful waters
+  From the simple cups of birch-wood,
+  Than in foreign lands to wander,
+  There to drink the rarest liquors
+  From the golden bowls of strangers."
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Thus replied to the magician:
+  "What reward wilt thou award me,
+  Should I take thee where thou willest,
+  To thy native land and kindred,
+  To thy much-loved home and fireside,
+  To the meadows of Wainola,
+  To the plains of Kalevala?"
+  These the words of Wainamoinen:
+  "What would be reward sufficient,
+  Shouldst thou take me to my people,
+  To my home and distant country,
+  To the borders of the Northland,
+  There to hear the cuckoo singing,
+  Hear the sacred cuckoo calling?
+  Shall I give thee golden treasures,
+  Fill thy cups with finest silver?"
+  This is Louhi's simple answer:
+  "O thou ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Only true and wise magician,
+  Never will I ask for riches,
+  Never ask for gold nor silver;
+  Gold is for the children's flowers,
+  Silver for the stallion's jewels.
+  Canst thou forge for me the Sampo,
+  Hammer me the lid in colors,
+  From the tips of white-swan feathers
+  From the milk of greatest virtue,
+  From a single grain of barley,
+  From the finest wool of lambkins?
+  "I will give thee too my daughter,
+  Will reward thee through the maiden,
+  Take thee to thy much-loved home-land,
+  To the borders of Wainola,
+  There to hear the cuckoo singing,
+  Hear the sacred cuckoo calling."
+  Wainamoinen, much regretting,
+  Gave this answer to her question:
+  "Cannot forge for thee the Sampo,
+  Cannot make the lid in colors.
+  Take me to my distant country,
+  I will send thee Ilmarinen,
+  He will forge for thee the Sampo,
+  Hammer thee the lid in colors,
+  He may win thy lovely maiden;
+  Worthy smith is Ilmarinen,
+  In this art is first and master;
+  He, the one that forged the heavens.
+  Forged the air a hollow cover;
+  Nowhere see we hammer-traces,
+  Nowhere find a single tongs-mark."
+  Thus replied the hostess, Louhi:
+  "Him alone I'll give my daughter,
+  Promise him my child in marriage,
+  Who for me will forge the Sampo,
+  Hammer me the lid in colors,
+  From the tips of white-swan feathers,
+  From the milk of greatest virtue,
+  From a single grain of barley,
+  From the finest wool of lambkins."
+  Thereupon the hostess Louhi,
+  Harnessed quick a dappled courser,
+  Hitched him to her sledge of birch-wood,
+  Placed within it Wainamoinen,
+  Placed the hero on the cross-bench,
+  Made him ready for his journey;
+  Then addressed the ancient minstrel,
+  These the words that Louhi uttered:
+  "Do not raise thine eyes to heaven,
+  Look not upward on thy journey,
+  While thy steed is fresh and frisky,
+  While the day-star lights thy pathway,
+  Ere the evening star has risen;
+  If thine eyes be lifted upward,
+  While the day-star lights thy pathway,
+  Dire misfortune will befall thee,
+  Some sad fate will overtake thee."
+  Then the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Fleetly drove upon his journey,
+  Merrily he hastened homeward,
+  Hastened homeward, happy-hearted
+  From the ever-darksome Northland
+  From the dismal Sariola.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE VIII.
+
+
+
+  MAIDEN OF THE RAINBOW.
+
+
+  Pohyola's fair and winsome daughter,
+  Glory of the land and water,
+  Sat upon the bow of heaven,
+  On its highest arch resplendent,
+  In a gown of richest fabric,
+  In a gold and silver air-gown,
+  Weaving webs of golden texture,
+  Interlacing threads of silver;
+  Weaving with a golden shuttle,
+  With a weaving-comb of silver;
+  Merrily flies the golden shuttle,
+  From the maiden's nimble fingers,
+  Briskly swings the lathe in weaving,
+  Swiftly flies the comb of silver,
+  From the sky-born maiden's fingers,
+  Weaving webs of wondrous beauty.
+  Came the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Driving down the highway homeward,
+  From the ever sunless Northland,
+  From the dismal Sariola;
+  Few the furlongs he had driven,
+  Driven but a little distance,
+  When he heard the sky-loom buzzing,
+  As the maiden plied the shuttle.
+  Quick the thoughtless Wainamoinen
+  Lifts his eyes aloft in wonder,
+  Looks upon the vault of heaven,
+  There beholds the bow of beauty,
+  On the bow the maiden sitting,
+  Beauteous Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  Glory of the earth and ocean,
+  Weaving there a golden fabric,
+  Working with the rustling silver.
+  Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel,
+  Quickly checks his fleet-foot racer,
+  Looks upon the charming maiden,
+  Then addresses her as follows:
+  "Come, fair maiden, to my snow-sledge,
+  By my side I wish thee seated."
+  Thus the Maid of Beauty answers:
+  "Tell me what thou wishest of me,
+  Should I join thee in the snow-sledge."
+  Speaks the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Answers thus the Maid of Beauty:
+  "This the reason for thy coming:
+  Thou shalt bake me honey-biscuit,
+  Shalt prepare me barley-water,
+  Thou shalt fill my foaming beer-cups,
+  Thou shalt sing beside my table,
+  Shalt rejoice within my portals,
+  Walk a queen within my dwelling,
+  In the Wainola halls and chambers,
+  In the courts of Kalevala."
+  Thus the Maid of Beauty answered
+  From her throne amid the heavens:
+  "Yesterday at hour of twilight,
+  Went I to the flowery meadows,
+  There to rock upon the common,
+  Where the Sun retires to slumber;
+  There I heard a song-bird singing,
+  Heard the thrush simple measures,
+  Singing sweetly thoughts of maidens,
+  And the minds of anxious mothers.
+  "Then I asked the pretty songster,
+  Asked the thrush this simple question:
+  'Sing to me, thou pretty song-bird,
+  Sing that I may understand thee,
+  Sing to me in truthful accents,
+  How to live in greatest pleasure,
+  And in happiness the sweetest,
+  As a maiden with her father,
+  Or as wife beside her husband.'
+  "Thus the song-bird gave me answer,
+  Sang the thrush this information:
+  'Bright and warm are days of summer,
+  Warmer still is maiden-freedom;
+  Cold is iron in the winter,
+  Thus the lives of married women;
+  Maidens living with their mothers
+  Are like ripe and ruddy berries;
+  Married women, far too many,
+  Are like dogs enchained in kennel,
+  Rarely do they ask for favors,
+  Not to wives are favors given.'"
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  Answers thus the Maid of Beauty:
+  "Foolish is the thrush thus singing,
+  Nonsense is the song-bird's twitter;
+  Like to babes are maidens treated,
+  Wives are queens and highly honored.
+  Come, sweet maiden, to my snow-sledge,
+  I am not despised as hero,
+  Not the meanest of magicians;
+  Come with me and I will make thee
+  Wife and queen in Kalevala."
+  Thus the Maid of Beauty answered--
+  "Would consider thee a hero,
+  Mighty hero, I would call thee,
+  When a golden hair thou splittest,
+  Using knives that have no edges;
+  When thou snarest me a bird's egg
+  With a snare that I can see not."
+  Wainamoinen, skilled and ancient,
+  Split a golden hair exactly,
+  Using knives that had no edges;
+  And he snared an egg as nicely
+  With a snare the maiden saw not.
+  "Come, sweet maiden, to my snow-sledge,
+  I have done what thou desirest."
+  Thus the maiden wisely answered:
+  "Never enter I thy snow-sledge,
+  Till thou peelest me the sandstone,
+  Till thou cuttest me a whip-stick
+  From the ice, and make no splinters,
+  Losing not the smallest fragment."
+  Wainamoinen, true magician,
+  Nothing daunted, not discouraged,
+  Deftly peeled the rounded sandstone,
+  Deftly cut from ice a whip-stick,
+  Cutting not the finest splinter,
+  Losing not the smallest fragment.
+  Then again be called the maiden,
+  To a seat within his snow-sledge.
+  But the Maid or Beauty answered,
+  Answered thus the great magician:
+  I will go with that one only
+  That will make me ship or shallop,
+  From the splinters of my spindle,
+  From the fragments of my distaff,
+  In the waters launch the vessel,
+  Set the little ship a-floating,
+  Using not the knee to push it,
+  Using not the arm to move it,
+  Using not the hand to touch it,
+  Using not the foot to turn it,
+  Using nothing to propel it."
+  Spake the skilful Wainamoinen,
+  These the words the hero uttered:
+  "There is no one in the Northland,
+  No one under vault of heaven,
+  Who like me can build a vessel,
+  From the fragments of the distaff,
+  From the splinters of the spindle."
+  Then he took the distaff-fragments,
+  Took the splinters of the spindle,
+  Hastened off the boat to fashion,
+  Hastened to an iron mountain,
+  There to join the many fragments.
+  Full of zeal be plies the hammer,
+  Swings the hammer and the hatchet;
+  Nothing daunted, builds the vessel,
+  Works one day and then a second,
+  Works with steady hand the third day;
+  On the evening of the third day,
+  Evil Hisi grasps the hatchet,
+  Lempo takes the crooked handle,
+  Turns aside the axe in falling,
+  Strikes the rocks and breaks to pieces;
+  From the rocks rebound the fragments,
+  Pierce the flesh of the magician,
+  Cut the knee of Wainamoinen.
+  Lempo guides the sharpened hatchet,
+  And the veins fell Hisi severs.
+  Quickly gushes forth a blood-stream,
+  And the stream is crimson-colored.
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  The renowned and wise enchanter,
+  Thus outspeaks in measured accents:
+  "O thou keen and cruel hatchet,
+  O thou axe of sharpened metal,
+  Thou shouldst cut the trees to fragments,
+  Cut the pine-tree and the willow,
+  Cut the alder and the birch-tree,
+  Cut the juniper and aspen,
+  Shouldst not cut my knee to pieces,
+  Shouldst not tear my veins asunder."
+  Then the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Thus begins his incantations,
+  Thus begins his magic singing,
+  Of the origin of evil;
+  Every word in perfect order,
+  Makes no effort to remember,
+  Sings the origin of iron,
+  That a bolt he well may fashion,
+  Thus prepare a look for surety,
+  For the wounds the axe has given,
+  That the hatchet has torn open.
+  But the stream flows like a brooklet,
+  Rushing like a maddened torrent,
+  Stains the herbs upon the meadows,
+  Scarcely is a bit of verdure
+  That the blood-stream does not cover
+  As it flows and rushes onward
+  From the knee of the magician,
+  From the veins of Wainamoinen.
+  Now the wise and ancient minstrel
+  Gathers lichens from the sandstone,
+  Picks them from the trunks of birches,
+  Gathers moss within the marshes,
+  Pulls the grasses from the meadows,
+  Thus to stop the crimson streamlet,
+  Thus to close the wounds laid open;
+  But his work is unsuccessful,
+  And the crimson stream flows onward.
+  Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel,
+  Feeling pain and fearing languor,
+  Falls to weeping, heavy-hearted;
+  Quickly now his steed he hitches,
+  Hitches to the sledge of birch-wood,
+  Climbs with pain upon the cross-bench,
+  Strikes his steed in quick succession,
+  Snaps his whip above the racer,
+  And the steed flies onward swiftly;
+  Like the winds he sweeps the highway,
+  Till be nears a Northland village,
+  Where the way is triple-parted.
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  Takes the lowest of the highways,
+  Quickly nears a spacious cottage,
+  Quickly asks before the doorway:
+  "Is there any one here dwelling,
+  That can know the pain I suffer,
+  That can heal this wound of hatchet.
+  That can check this crimson streamlet?"
+  Sat a boy within a corner,
+  On a bench beside a baby,
+  And he answered thus the hero:
+  "There is no one in this dwelling
+  That can know the pain thou feelest,
+  That can heal the wounds of hatchet,
+  That can check the crimson streamlet;
+  Some one lives in yonder cottage,
+  That perchance can do thee service."
+  Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel,
+  Whips his courser to a gallop,
+  Dashes on along the highway;
+  Only drives a little distance,
+  On the middle of the highways,
+  To a cabin on the road-side,
+  Asks one standing on the threshold,
+  Questions all through open windows,
+  These the words the hero uses:
+  "Is there no one in this cabin,
+  That can know the pain I suffer,
+  That can heal this wound of hatchet,
+  That can check this crimson streamlet?"
+  On the floor a witch was lying,
+  Near the fire-place lay the beldame,
+  Thus she spake to Wainamoinen,
+  Through her rattling teeth she answered.
+  "There is no one in this cabin
+  That can know the pain thou feelest,
+  That can heal the wounds of hatchets,
+  That can check the crimson streamlet;
+  Some one lives in yonder cottage,
+  That perchance can do thee service."
+  Wainamoinen, nothing daunted,
+  Whips his racer to a gallop,
+  Dashes on along the highway;
+  Only drives a little distance,
+  On the upper of the highways,
+  Gallops to a humble cottage,
+  Asks one standing near the penthouse,
+  Sitting on the penthouse-doorsill:
+  "Is there no one in this cottage,
+  That can know the pain I suffer,
+  That can heal this wound of hatchet,
+  That can check this crimson streamlet?"
+  Near the fireplace sat an old man,
+  On the hearthstone sat the gray-beard,
+  Thus he answered Wainamoinen:
+  "Greater things have been accomplished,
+  Much more wondrous things effected,
+  Through but three words of the master;
+  Through the telling of the causes,
+  Streams and oceans have been tempered,
+  River cataracts been lessened,
+  Bays been made of promontories,
+  Islands raised from deep sea-bottoms."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE IX.
+
+
+
+  ORIGIN OF IRON.
+
+
+  Wainamoinen, thus encouraged,
+  Quickly rises in his snow-sledge,
+  Asking no one for assistance,
+  Straightway hastens to the cottage,
+  Takes a seat within the dwelling.
+  Come two maids with silver pitchers,
+  Bringing also golden goblets;
+  Dip they up a very little,
+  But the very smallest measure
+  Of the blood of the magician,
+  From the wounds of Wainamoinen.
+  From the fire-place calls the old man,
+  Thus the gray-beard asks the minstrel:
+  "Tell me who thou art of heroes,
+  Who of all the great magicians?
+  Lo! thy blood fills seven sea-boats,
+  Eight of largest birchen vessels,
+  Flowing from some hero's veinlets,
+  From the wounds of some magician.
+  Other matters I would ask thee;
+  Sing the cause of this thy trouble,
+  Sing to me the source of metals,
+  Sing the origin of iron,
+  How at first it was created."
+  Then the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Made this answer to the gray-beard:
+  "Know I well the source of metals,
+  Know the origin of iron;
+  f can tell bow steel is fashioned.
+  Of the mothers air is oldest,
+  Water is the oldest brother,
+  And the fire is second brother,
+  And the youngest brother, iron;
+  Ukko is the first creator.
+  Ukko, maker of the heavens,
+  Cut apart the air and water,
+  Ere was born the metal, iron.
+  Ukko, maker of the heavens,
+  Firmly rubbed his hands together,
+  Firmly pressed them on his knee-cap,
+  Then arose three lovely maidens,
+  Three most beautiful of daughters;
+  These were mothers of the iron,
+  And of steel of bright-blue color.
+  Tremblingly they walked the heavens,
+  Walked the clouds with silver linings,
+  With their bosoms overflowing
+  With the milk of future iron,
+  Flowing on and flowing ever,
+  From the bright rims of the cloudlets
+  To the earth, the valleys filling,
+  To the slumber-calling waters.
+  "Ukko's eldest daughter sprinkled
+  Black milk over river channels
+  And the second daughter sprinkled
+  White milk over hills and mountains,
+  While the youngest daughter sprinkled
+  Red milk over seas and oceans.
+  Whero the black milk had been sprinked,
+  Grew the dark and ductile iron;
+  Where the white milk had been sprinkled.
+  Grew the iron, lighter-colored;
+  Where the red milk had been sprinkled,
+  Grew the red and brittle iron.
+  "After Time had gone a distance,
+  Iron hastened Fire to visit,
+  His beloved elder brother,
+  Thus to know his brother better.
+  Straightway Fire began his roarings,
+  Labored to consume his brother,
+  His beloved younger brother.
+  Straightway Iron sees his danger,
+  Saves himself by fleetly fleeing,
+  From the fiery flame's advances,
+  Fleeing hither, fleeing thither,
+  Fleeing still and taking shelter
+  In the swamps and in the valleys,
+  In the springs that loudly bubble,
+  By the rivers winding seaward,
+  On the broad backs of the marshes,
+  Where the swans their nests have builded,
+  Where the wild geese hatch their goslings.
+  "Thus is iron in the swamp-lands,
+  Stretching by the water-courses,
+  Hidden well for many ages,
+  Hidden in the birchen forests,
+  But he could not hide forever
+  From the searchings of his brother;
+  Here and there the fire has caught him,
+  Caught and brought him to his furnace,
+  That the spears, and swords, and axes,
+  Might be forged and duly hammered.
+  In the swamps ran blackened waters,
+  From the heath the bears came ambling,
+  And the wolves ran through the marshes.
+  Iron then made his appearance,
+  Where the feet of wolves had trodden,
+  Where the paws of bears had trampled.
+  "Then the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Came to earth to work the metal;
+  He was born upon the Coal-mount,
+  Skilled and nurtured in the coal-fields;
+  In one hand, a copper hammer,
+  In the other, tongs of iron;
+  In the night was born the blacksmith,
+  In the morn he built his smithy,
+  Sought with care a favored hillock,
+  Where the winds might fill his bellows;
+  Found a hillock in the swamp-lands,
+  Where the iron hid abundant;
+  There he built his smelting furnace,
+  There he laid his leathern bellows,
+  Hastened where the wolves had travelled,
+  Followed where the bears had trampled,
+  Found the iron's young formations,
+  In the wolf-tracks of the marshes,
+  In the foot-prints of the gray-bear.
+  "Then the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  'Thus addressed the sleeping iron:
+  Thou most useful of the metals,
+  Thou art sleeping in the marshes,
+  Thou art hid in low conditions,
+  Where the wolf treads in the swamp-lands,
+  Where the bear sleeps in the thickets.
+  Hast thou thought and well considered,
+  What would be thy future station,
+  Should I place thee in the furnace,
+  Thus to make thee free and useful?'
+  "Then was Iron sorely frightened,
+  Much distressed and filled with horror,
+  When of Fire he heard the mention,
+  Mention of his fell destroyer.
+  "Then again speaks Ilmarinen,
+  Thus the smith addresses Iron:
+  'Be not frightened, useful metal,
+  Surely Fire will not consume thee,
+  Will not burn his youngest brother,
+  Will not harm his nearest kindred.
+  Come thou to my room and furnace,
+  Where the fire is freely burning,
+  Thou wilt live, and grow, and prosper,
+  Wilt become the swords of heroes,
+  Buckles for the belts of women.'
+  "Ere arose the star of evening,
+  Iron ore had left the marshes,
+  From the water-beds had risen,
+  Had been carried to the furnace,
+  In the fire the smith had laid it,
+  Laid it in his smelting furnace.
+  Ilmarinen starts the bellows,
+  Gives three motions of the handle,
+  And the iron flows in streamlets
+  From the forge of the magician,
+  Soon becomes like baker's leaven,
+  Soft as dough for bread of barley.
+  Then out-screamed the metal, Iron:
+  'Wondrous blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Take, O take me from thy furnace,
+  From this fire and cruel torture.'
+  "Ilmarinen thus made answer:
+  'I will take thee from my furnace,
+  'Thou art but a little frightened,
+  Thou shalt be a mighty power,
+  Thou shalt slay the best of heroes,
+  Thou shalt wound thy dearest brother.'
+  "Straightway Iron made this promise,
+  Vowed and swore in strongest accents,
+  By the furnace, by the anvil,
+  By the tongs, and by the hammer,
+  These the words he vowed and uttered:
+  'Many trees that I shall injure,
+  Shall devour the hearts of mountains,
+  Shall not slay my nearest kindred,
+  Shall not kill the best of heroes,
+  Shall not wound my dearest brother;
+  Better live in civil freedom,
+  Happier would be my life-time,
+  Should I serve my fellow-beings,
+  Serve as tools for their convenience,
+  Than as implements of warfare,
+  Slay my friends and nearest. kindred,
+  Wound the children of my mother.'
+  "Now the master, Ilmarinen,
+  The renowned and skilful blacksmith,
+  From the fire removes the iron,
+  Places it upon the anvil,
+  Hammers well until it softens,
+  Hammers many fine utensils,
+  Hammers spears, and swords, and axes,
+  Hammers knives, and forks, and hatchets,
+  Hammers tools of all descriptions.
+  "Many things the blacksmith needed,
+  Many things he could not fashion,
+  Could not make the tongue of iron,
+  Could not hammer steel from iron,
+  Could not make the iron harden.
+  Well considered Ilmarinen,
+  Deeply thought and long reflected.
+  Then he gathered birchen ashes,
+  Steeped the ashes in the water,
+  Made a lye to harden iron,
+  Thus to form the steel most needful.
+  With his tongue he tests the mixture,
+  Weighs it long and well considers,
+  And the blacksmith speaks as follows:
+  'All this labor is for nothing,
+  Will not fashion steel from iron,
+  Will not make the soft ore harden.'
+  "Now a bee flies from the meadow,
+  Blue-wing coming from the flowers,
+  Flies about, then safely settles
+  Near the furnace of the smithy.
+  "'Thus the smith the bee addresses,
+  These the words of Ilmarinen:
+  'Little bee, thou tiny birdling,
+  Bring me honey on thy winglets,
+  On thy tongue, I pray thee, bring me
+  Sweetness from the fragrant meadows,
+  From the little cups of flowers,
+  From the tips of seven petals,
+  That we thus may aid the water
+  To produce the steel from iron.'
+  "Evil Hisi's bird, the hornet,
+  Heard these words of Ilmarinen,
+  Looking from the cottage gable,
+  Flying to the bark of birch-trees,
+  While the iron bars were heating
+  While the steel was being tempered;
+  Swiftly flew the stinging hornet,
+  Scattered all the Hisi horrors,
+  Brought the blessing of the serpent,
+  Brought the venom of the adder,
+  Brought the poison of the spider,
+  Brought the stings of all the insects,
+  Mixed them with the ore and water,
+  While the steel was being, tempered.
+  "Ilmarinen, skilful blacksmith,
+  First of all the iron-workers,
+  Thought the bee had surely brought him
+  Honey from the fragrant meadows,
+  From the little cups of flowers,
+  From the tips of seven petals,
+  And he spake the words that follow:
+  'Welcome, welcome, is thy coming,
+  Honeyed sweetness from the flowers
+  Thou hast brought to aid the water,
+  Thus to form the steel from iron!'
+  "Ilmarinen, ancient blacksmith,
+  Dipped the iron into water,
+  Water mixed with many poisons,
+  Thought it but the wild bee's honey;
+  Thus he formed the steel from iron.
+  When he plunged it into water,
+  Water mixed with many poisons,
+  When be placed it in the furnace,
+  Angry grew the hardened iron,
+  Broke the vow that he had taken,
+  Ate his words like dogs and devils,
+  Mercilessly cut his brother,
+  Madly raged against his kindred,
+  Caused the blood to flow in streamlets
+  From the wounds of man and hero.
+  This, the origin of iron,
+  And of steel of light blue color."
+  From the hearth arose the gray-beard,
+  Shook his heavy looks and answered:
+  "Now I know the source of iron,
+  Whence the steel and whence its evils;
+  Curses on thee, cruel iron,
+  Curses on the steel thou givest,
+  Curses on thee, tongue of evil,
+  Cursed be thy life forever!
+  Once thou wert of little value,
+  Having neither form nor beauty,
+  Neither strength nor great importance,
+  When in form of milk thou rested,
+  When for ages thou wert hidden
+  In the breasts of God's three daughters,
+  Hidden in their heaving bosoms,
+  On the borders of the cloudlets,
+  In the blue vault of the heavens.
+  "Thou wert once of little value,
+  Having neither form nor beauty,
+  Neither strength nor great importance,
+  When like water thou wert resting
+  On the broad back of the marshes,
+  On the steep declines of mountains,
+  When thou wert but formless matter,
+  Only dust of rusty color.
+  "Surely thou wert void of greatness,
+  Having neither strength nor beauty,
+  When the moose was trampling on thee,
+  When the roebuck trod upon thee,
+  When the tracks of wolves were in thee,
+  And the bear-paws scratched thy body.
+  Surely thou hadst little value
+  When the skilful Ilmarinen,
+  First of all the iron-workers,
+  Brought thee from the blackened swamp-lands,
+  Took thee to his ancient smithy,
+  Placed thee in his fiery furnace.
+  Truly thou hadst little vigor,
+  Little strength, and little danger,
+  When thou in the fire wert hissing,
+  Rolling forth like seething water,
+  From the furnace of the smithy,
+  When thou gavest oath the strongest,
+  By the furnace, by the anvil,
+  By the tongs, and by the hammer,
+  By the dwelling of the blacksmith,
+  By the fire within the furnace.
+  "Now forsooth thou hast grown mighty,
+  Thou canst rage in wildest fury;
+  Thou hast broken all thy pledges,
+  All thy solemn vows hast broken,
+  Like the dogs thou shamest honor,
+  Shamest both thyself and kindred,
+  Tainted all with breath of evil.
+  Tell who drove thee to this mischief,
+  Tell who taught thee all thy malice,
+  Tell who gavest thee thine evil!
+  Did thy father, or thy mother,
+  Did the eldest of thy brothers,
+  Did the youngest of thy sisters,
+  Did the worst of all thy kindred
+  Give to thee thine evil nature?
+  Not thy father, nor thy mother,
+  Not the eldest of thy brothers,
+  Not the youngest of thy sisters,
+  Not the worst of all thy kindred,
+  But thyself hast done this mischief,
+  Thou the cause of all our trouble.
+  Come and view thine evil doings,
+  And amend this flood of damage,
+  Ere I tell thy gray-haired mother,
+  Ere I tell thine aged father.
+  Great indeed a mother's anguish,
+  Great indeed a father's sorrow,
+  When a son does something evil,
+  When a child runs wild and lawless.
+  "Crimson streamlet, cease thy flowing
+  From the wounds of Wainamoinen;
+  Blood of ages, stop thy coursing
+  From the veins of the magician;
+  Stand like heaven's crystal pillars,
+  Stand like columns in the ocean,
+  Stand like birch-trees in the forest,
+  Like the tall reeds in the marshes,
+  Like the high-rocks on the sea-coast,
+  Stand by power of mighty magic!
+  "Should perforce thy will impel thee,
+  Flow thou on thine endless circuit,
+  Through the veins of Wainamoinen,
+  Through the bones, and through the muscles,
+  Through the lungs, and heart, and liver,
+  Of the mighty sage and singer;
+  Better be the food of heroes,
+  Than to waste thy strength and virtue
+  On the meadows and the woodlands,
+  And be lost in dust and ashes.
+  Flow forever in thy circle;
+  Thou must cease this crimson out-flow;
+  Stain no more the grass and flowers,
+  Stain no more these golden hill-tops,
+  Pride and beauty of our heroes.
+  In the veins of the magician,
+  In the heart of Wainamoinen,
+  Is thy rightful home and storehouse.
+  Thither now withdraw thy forces,
+  Thither hasten, swiftly flowing;
+  Flow no more as crimson currents,
+  Fill no longer crimson lakelets,
+  Must not rush like brooks in spring-tide,
+  Nor meander like the rivers.
+  "Cease thy flow, by word of magic,
+  Cease as did the falls of Tyrya,
+  As the rivers of Tuoni,
+  When the sky withheld her rain-drops,
+  When the sea gave up her waters,
+  In the famine of the seasons,
+  In the years of fire and torture.
+  If thou heedest not this order,
+  I shall offer other measures,
+  Know I well of other forces;
+  I shall call the Hisi irons,
+  In them I shall boil and roast thee,
+  Thus to check thy crimson flowing,
+  Thus to save the wounded hero.
+  "If these means be inefficient,
+  Should these measures prove unworthy,
+  I shall call omniscient Ukko,
+  Mightiest of the creators,
+  Stronger than all ancient heroes,
+  Wiser than the world-magicians;
+  He will check the crimson out-flow,
+  He will heal this wound of hatchet.
+  "Ukko, God of love and mercy,
+  God and Master Of the heavens,
+  Come thou hither, thou art needed,
+  Come thou quickly I beseech thee,
+  Lend thy hand to aid thy children,
+  Touch this wound with healing fingers,
+  Stop this hero's streaming life-blood,
+  Bind this wound with tender leaflets,
+  Mingle with them healing flowers,
+  Thus to check this crimson current,
+  Thus to save this great magician,
+  Save the life of Wainamoinen."
+  Thus at last the blood-stream ended,
+  As the magic words were spoken.
+  Then the gray-beard, much rejoicing,
+  Sent his young son to the smithy,
+  There to make a healing balsam,
+  From the herbs of tender fibre,
+  From the healing plants and flowers,
+  From the stalks secreting honey,
+  From the roots, and leaves, and blossoms.
+  On the way he meets an oak-tree,
+  And the oak the son addresses:
+  "Hast thou honey in thy branches,
+  Does thy sap run full of sweetness?"
+  Thus the oak-tree wisely answers:
+  "Yea, but last night dripped the honey
+  Down upon my spreading branches,
+  And the clouds their fragrance sifted,
+  Sifted honey on my leaflets,
+  From their home within the heavens."
+  Then the son takes oak-wood splinters,
+  Takes the youngest oak-tree branches,
+  Gathers many healing grasses,
+  Gathers many herbs and flowers,
+  Rarest herbs that grow in Northland,
+  Places them within the furnace
+  In a kettle made of copper;
+  Lets them steep and boil together,
+  Bits of bark chipped from the oak-tree,
+  Many herbs of healing virtues;
+  Steeps them one day, then a second,
+  Three long days of summer weather,
+  Days and nights in quick succession;
+  Then he tries his magic balsam,
+  Looks to see if it is ready,
+  If his remedy is finished;
+  But the balsam is unworthy.
+  Then he added other grasses,
+  Herbs of every healing virtue,
+  That were brought from distant nations,
+  Many hundred leagues from Northland,
+  Gathered by the wisest minstrels,
+  Thither brought by nine enchanters.
+  Three days more be steeped the balsam,
+  Three nights more the fire be tended,
+  Nine the days and nights be watched it,
+  Then again be tried the ointment,
+  Viewed it carefully and tested,
+  Found at last that it was ready,
+  Found the magic balm was finished.
+  Near by stood a branching birch-tree.
+  On the border of the meadow,
+  Wickedly it had been broken,
+  Broken down by evil Hisi;
+  Quick he takes his balm of healing,
+  And anoints the broken branches,
+  Rubs the balsam in the fractures,
+  Thus addresses then the birch-tree:
+  "With this balsam I anoint thee,
+  With this salve thy wounds I cover,
+  Cover well thine injured places;
+  Now the birch-tree shall recover,
+  Grow more beautiful than ever."
+  True, the birch-tree soon recovered,
+  Grew more beautiful than ever,
+  Grew more uniform its branches,
+  And its bole more strong and stately.
+  Thus it was be tried the balsam,
+  Thus the magic salve he tested,
+  Touched with it the splintered sandstone,
+  Touched the broken blocks of granite,
+  Touched the fissures in the mountains,
+  And the broken parts united,
+  All the fragments grew together.
+  Then the young boy quick returning
+  With the balsam he had finished,
+  To the gray-beard gave the ointment,
+  And the boy these measures uttered
+  "Here I bring the balm of healing,
+  Wonderful the salve I bring thee;
+  It will join the broken granite,
+  Make the fragments grow together,
+  Heat the fissures in the mountains,
+  And restore the injured birch-tree."
+  With his tongue the old man tested,
+  Tested thus the magic balsam,
+  Found the remedy effective,
+  Found the balm had magic virtues;
+  Then anointed he the minstrel,
+  Touched the wounds of Wainamoinen,
+  Touched them with his magic balsam,
+  With the balm of many virtues;
+  Speaking words of ancient wisdom,
+  These the words the gray-beard uttered:
+  "Do not walk in thine own virtue,
+  Do not work in thine own power,
+  Walk in strength of thy Creator;
+  Do not speak in thine own wisdom,
+  Speak with tongue of mighty Ukko.
+  In my mouth, if there be sweetness,
+  It has come from my Creator;
+  If my bands are filled with beauty,
+  All the beauty comes from Ukko."
+  When the wounds had been anointed,
+  When the magic salve had touched them,
+  Straightway ancient Wainamoinen
+  Suffered fearful pain and anguish,
+  Sank upon the floor in torment,
+  Turning one way, then another,
+  Sought for rest and found it nowhere,
+  Till his pain the gray-beard banished,
+  Banished by the aid of magic,
+  Drove away his killing torment
+  To the court of all our trouble,
+  To the highest hill of torture,
+  To the distant rocks and ledges,
+  To the evil-bearing mountains,
+  To the realm of wicked Hisi.
+  Then be took some silken fabric,
+  Quick he tore the silk asunder,
+  Making equal strips for wrapping,
+  Tied the ends with silken ribbons,
+  Making thus a healing bandage;
+  Then he wrapped with skilful fingers
+  Wainamoinen's knee and ankle,
+  Wrapped the wounds of the magician,
+  And this prayer the gray-beard uttered
+  "Ukko's fabric is the bandage,
+  Ukko's science is the surgeon,
+  These have served the wounded hero,
+  Wrapped the wounds of the magician.
+  Look upon us, God of mercy,
+  Come and guard us, kind Creator,
+  And protect us from all evil!
+  Guide our feet lest they may stumble,
+  Guard our lives from every danger,
+  From the wicked wilds of Hisi."
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  Felt the mighty aid of magic,
+  Felt the help of gracious Ukko,
+  Straightway stronger grew in body,
+  Straightway were the wounds united,
+  Quick the fearful pain departed.
+  Strong and hardy grew the hero,
+  Straightway walked in perfect freedom,
+  Turned his knee in all directions,
+  Knowing neither pain nor trouble.
+  Then the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Raised his eyes to high Jumala,
+  Looked with gratitude to heaven,
+  Looked on high, in joy and gladness,
+  Then addressed omniscient Ukko,
+  This the prayer the minstrel uttered:
+  "O be praised, thou God of mercy,
+  Let me praise thee, my Creator,
+  Since thou gavest me assistance,
+  And vouchsafed me thy protection,
+  Healed my wounds and stilled mine anguish,
+  Banished all my pain and trouble,
+  Caused by Iron and by Hisi.
+  O, ye people of Wainola,
+  People of this generation,
+  And the folk of future ages,
+  Fashion not in emulation,
+  River boat, nor ocean shallop,
+  Boasting of its fine appearance,
+  God alone can work completion,
+  Give to cause its perfect ending,
+  Never hand of man can find it,
+  Never can the hero give it,
+  Ukko is the only Master."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE X.
+
+
+
+  ILMARINEN FORGES THE SAMPO.
+
+
+  Wainamoinen, the magician,
+  Takes his steed of copper color,
+  Hitches quick his fleet-foot courser,
+  Puts his racer to the snow-sledge,
+  Straightway springs upon the cross-seat,
+  Snaps his whip adorned with jewels.
+  Like the winds the steed flies onward,
+  Like a lightning flash, the racer
+  Makes the snow-sledge creak and rattle,
+  Makes the highway quickly vanish,
+  Dashes on through fen and forest,
+  Over hills and through the valleys,
+  Over marshes, over mountains,
+  Over fertile plains and meadows;
+  Journeys one day, then a second,
+  So a third from morn till evening,
+  Till the third day evening brings him
+  To the endless bridge of Osmo,
+  To the Osmo-fields and pastures,
+  To the plains of Kalevala;
+  When the hero spake as follows:
+  "May the wolves devour the dreamer,
+  Eat the Laplander for dinner,
+  May disease destroy the braggart,
+  Him who said that I should never
+  See again my much-loved home-land,
+  Nevermore behold my kindred,
+  Never during all my life-time,
+  Never while the sunshine brightens,
+  Never while the moonlight glimmers
+  On the meadows of Wainola,
+  On the plains of Kalevala."
+  Then began old Wainamoinen,
+  Ancient bard and famous singer,
+  To renew his incantations;
+  Sang aloft a wondrous pine-tree,
+  Till it pierced the clouds in growing
+  With its golden top and branches,
+  Till it touched the very heavens,
+  Spread its branches in the ether,
+  In the ever-shining sunlight.
+  Now he sings again enchanting,
+  Sings the Moon to shine forever
+  In the fir-tree's emerald branches;
+  In its top he sings the Great Bear.
+  Then be quickly journeys homeward,
+  Hastens to his golden portals,
+  Head awry and visage wrinkled,
+  Crooked cap upon his forehead,
+  Since as ransom he had promised
+  Ilmarinen, magic artist,
+  Thus to save his life from torture
+  On the distant fields of Northland
+  In the dismal Sariola.
+  When his stallion he had halted
+  On the Osmo-field and meadow,
+  Quickly rising in his snow-sledge,
+  The magician heard one knocking,
+  Breaking coal within the smithy,
+  Beating with a heavy hammer.
+  Wainamoinen, famous minstrel,
+  Entering the smithy straightway,
+  Found the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Knocking with his copper hammer.
+  Ilmarinen spake as follows:
+  "Welcome, brother Wainamoinen,
+  Old and worthy Wainamoinen!
+  Why so long hast thou been absent,
+  Where hast thou so long been hiding?"
+  Wainamoinen then made answer,
+  These the words of the magician:
+  "Long indeed have I been living,
+  Many dreary days have wandered,
+  Many cheerless nights have lingered,
+  Floating on the cruel ocean,
+  Weeping in the fens and woodlands
+  Of the never-pleasant Northland,
+  In the dismal Sariola;
+  With the Laplanders I've wandered,
+  With the people filled with witchcraft."
+  Promptly answers Ilmarinen,
+  These the words the blacksmith uses:
+  "O thou ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Famous and eternal singer,
+  Tell me of thy journey northward,
+  Of thy wanderings in Lapland,
+  Of thy dismal journey homeward."
+  Spake the minstrel, Wainamoinen:
+  "I have much to tell thee, brother,
+  Listen to my wondrous story:
+  In the Northland lives a virgin,
+  In a village there, a maiden,
+  That will not accept a lover,
+  That a hero's hand refuses,
+  That a wizard's heart disdaineth;
+  All of Northland sings her praises,
+  Sings her worth and magic beauty,
+  Fairest maiden of Pohyola,
+  Daughter of the earth and ocean.
+  From her temples beams the moonlight,
+  From her breast, the gleam of sunshine,
+  From her forehead shines the rainbow,
+  On her neck, the seven starlets,
+  And the Great Bear from her shoulder.
+  "Ilmarinen, worthy brother,
+  Thou the only skilful blacksmith,
+  Go and see her wondrous beauty,
+  See her gold and silver garments,
+  See her robed in finest raiment,
+  See her sitting on the rainbow,
+  Walking on the clouds of purple.
+  Forge for her the magic Sampo,
+  Forge the lid in many colors,
+  Thy reward shall be the virgin,
+  Thou shalt win this bride of beauty;
+  Go and bring the lovely maiden
+  To thy home in Kalevala."
+  Spake the brother, Ilmarinen:
+  O thou cunning Wainamoinen,
+  Thou hast promised me already
+  To the ever-darksome Northland,
+  Thy devoted head to ransom,
+  Thus to rescue thee from trouble.
+  I shall never visit Northland,
+  Shall not go to see thy maiden,
+  Do not love the Bride of Beauty;
+  Never while the moonlight glimmers,
+  Shall I go to dreary Pohya,
+  To the plains of Sariola,
+  Where the people eat each other,
+  Sink their heroes in the ocean,
+  Not for all the maids of Lapland."
+  Spake the brother, Wainamoinen:
+  "I can tell thee greater wonders,
+  Listen to my wondrous story:
+  I have seen the fir-tree blossom,
+  Seen its flowers with emerald branches,
+  On the Osmo-fields and woodlands;
+  In its top, there shines the moonlight,
+  And the Bear lives in its branches."
+  Ilmarinen thus made answer:
+  "I cannot believe thy story,
+  Cannot trust thy tale of wonder,
+  Till I see the blooming fir-tree,
+  With its many emerald branches,
+  With its Bear and golden moonlight."
+  This is Wainamoinen's answer:
+  "Wilt thou not believe my story?
+  Come with me and I will show thee
+  If my lips speak fact or fiction."
+  Quick they journey to discover,
+  Haste to view the wondrous fir-tree;
+  Wainamoinen leads the journey,
+  Ilmarinen closely follows.
+  As they near the Osmo-borders,
+  Ilmarinen hastens forward
+  That be may behold the wonder,
+  Spies the Bear Within the fir-top,
+  Sitting on its emerald branches,
+  Spies the gleam of golden moonlight.
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  These the words the singer uttered:
+  Climb this tree, dear Ilmarinen,
+  And bring down the golden moonbeams,
+  Bring the Moon and Bear down with thee
+  From the fir-tree's lofty branches."
+  Ilmarinen, full consenting,
+  Straightway climbed the golden fir-tree,
+  High upon the bow of heaven,
+  Thence to bring the golden moonbeams,
+  Thence to bring the Bear of heaven,
+  From the fir-tree's topmost branches.
+  Thereupon the blooming fir-tree
+  Spake these words to Ilmarinen:
+  "O thou senseless, thoughtless hero,
+  Thou hast neither wit nor instinct;
+  Thou dost climb my golden branches,
+  Like a thing of little judgment,
+  Thus to get my pictured moonbeams,
+  Take away my silver starlight,
+  Steal my Bear and blooming branches."
+  Quick as thought old Wainamoinen
+  Sang again in magic accents,
+  Sang a storm-wind in the heavens,
+  Sang the wild winds into fury,
+  And the singer spake as follows:
+  `Take, O storm-wind, take the forgeman,
+  Carry him within thy vessel,
+  Quickly hence, and land the hero
+  On the ever-darksome Northland,
+  On the dismal Sariola."
+  Now the storm-wind quickly darkens,
+  Quickly piles the air together,
+  Makes of air a sailing vessel,
+  Takes the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Fleetly from the fir-tree branches,
+  Toward the never-pleasant Northland,
+  Toward the dismal Sariola.
+  Through the air sailed Ilmarinen,
+  Fast and far the hero travelled,
+  Sweeping onward, sailing northward,
+  Riding in the track of storm-winds,
+  O'er the Moon, beneath the sunshine,
+  On the broad back of the Great Bear,
+  Till he neared Pohyola's woodlands,
+  Neared the homes of Sariola,
+  And alighted undiscovered,
+  Was Dot noticed by the hunters,
+  Was not scented by the watch-dogs.
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Ancient, toothless dame of Northland,
+  Standing in the open court-yard,
+  Thus addresses Ilmarinen,
+  As she spies the hero-stranger:
+  "Who art thou of ancient heroes,
+  Who of all the host of heroes,
+  Coming here upon the storm-wind,
+  O'er the sledge-path of the ether,
+  Scented not by Pohya's watch-dogs?
+  This is Ilmarinen's answer:
+  "I have surely not come hither
+  To be barked at by the watch-dogs,
+  At these unfamiliar portals,
+  At the gates of Sariola."
+  Thereupon the Northland hostess
+  Asks again the hero-stranger:
+  "Hast thou ever been acquainted
+  With the blacksmith of Wainola,
+  With the hero, Ilmarinen,
+  With the skilful smith and artist?
+  Long I've waited for his coming,
+  Long this one has been expected,
+  On the borders of the Northland,
+  Here to forge for me the Sampo."
+  Spake the hero, Ilmarinen:
+  "Well indeed am I acquainted
+  With the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  I myself am Ilmarinen,
+  I, the skilful smith and artist."
+  Louhi, hostess of the Northland,
+  Toothless dame of Sariola,
+  Straightway rushes to her dwelling,
+  These the words that Louhi utters:
+  "Come, thou youngest of my daughters,
+  Come, thou fairest of my maidens,
+  Dress thyself in finest raiment,
+  Deck thy hair with rarest jewels,
+  Pearls upon thy swelling bosom,
+  On thy neck, a golden necklace,
+  Bind thy head with silken ribbons,
+  Make thy cheeks look fresh and ruddy,
+  And thy visage fair and winsome,
+  Since the artist, Ilmarinen,
+  Hither comes from Kalevala,
+  Here to forge for us the Sampo,
+  Hammer us the lid in colors."
+  Now the daughter of the Northland,
+  Honored by the land and water,
+  Straightway takes her choicest raiment,
+  Takes her dresses rich in beauty,
+  Finest of her silken wardrobe,
+  Now adjusts her silken fillet,
+  On her brow a band of copper,
+  Round her waist a golden girdle,
+  Round her neck a pearly necklace,
+  Shining gold upon her bosom,
+  In her hair the threads of silver.
+  From her dressing-room she hastens,
+  To the hall she bastes and listens,
+  Full of beauty, full of joyance,
+  Ears erect and eyes bright-beaming,
+  Ruddy cheeks and charming visage,
+  Waiting for the hero-stranger.
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Leads the hero, Ilmarinen,
+  To her dwelling-rooms in Northland,
+  To her home in Sariola,
+  Seats him at her well-filled table,
+  Gives to him the finest viands,
+  Gives him every needed comfort,
+  Then addresses him as follows:
+  "O thou blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Master of the forge and smithy,
+  Canst thou forge for me the Sampo,
+  Hammer me the lid in colors,
+  From the tips of white-swan feathers,
+  From the milk of greatest virtue,
+  From a single grain of barley,
+  From the finest wool of lambkins?
+  Thou shalt have my fairest daughter,
+  Recompense for this thy service."
+  These the words of Ilmarinen:
+  "I will forge for thee the Sampo,
+  Hammer thee the lid in colors,
+  From the tips of white-swan feathers,
+  From the milk of greatest virtue,
+  From a single grain of barley,
+  From the finest wool of lambkins?
+  Since I forged the arch of heaven,
+  Forged the air a concave cover,
+  Ere the earth had a beginning."
+  Thereupon the magic blacksmith
+  Went to forge the wondrous Sampo,
+  Went to find a blacksmith's workshop,
+  Went to find the tools to work with;
+  But he found no place for forging,
+  Found no smithy, found no bellows,
+  Found no chimney, found no anvil,
+  Found no tongs, and found no hammer.
+  Then the-artist, Ilmarinen.
+  Spake these words, soliloquizing:
+  "Only women grow discouraged,
+  Only knaves leave work unfinished,
+  Not the devils, nor the heroes,
+  Nor the Gods of greater knowledge."
+  Then the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Sought a place to build a smithy,
+  Sought a place to plant a bellows,
+  On the borders of the Northland,
+  On the Pohya-hills and meadows;
+  Searched one day, and then a second;
+  Ere the evening of the third day,
+  Came a rock within his vision,
+  Came a stone with rainbow-colors.
+  There the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Set at work to build his smithy,
+  Built a fire and raised a chimney;
+  On the next day laid his bellows,
+  On the third day built his furnace,
+  And began to forge the Sampo.
+  The eternal magic artist,
+  Ancient blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  First of all the iron-workers,
+  Mixed together certain metals,
+  Put the mixture in the caldron,
+  Laid it deep within the furnace,
+  Called the hirelings to the forging.
+  Skilfully they work the bellows,
+  Tend the fire and add the fuel,
+  Three most lovely days of summer,
+  Three short nights of bright midsummer,
+  Till the rocks begin to blossom,
+  In the foot-prints of the workmen,
+  From the magic heat and furnace.
+  On the first day, Ilmarinen
+  Downward bent and well examined,
+  On the bottom of his furnace,
+  Thus to see what might be forming
+  From the magic fire and metals.
+  From the fire arose a cross-bow,
+  "With the brightness of the moonbeams,
+  Golden bow with tips of silver;
+  On the shaft was shining copper,
+  And the bow was strong and wondrous,
+  But alas! it was ill-natured,
+  Asking for a hero daily,
+  Two the heads it asked on feast-days.
+  Ilmarinen, skilful artist,
+  Was not pleased with this creation,
+  Broke the bow in many pieces,
+  Threw them back within the furnace,
+  Kept the workmen at the bellows,
+  Tried to forge the magic Sampo.
+  On the second day, the blacksmith
+  Downward bent and well examined,
+  On the bottom of the furnace;
+  From the fire, a skiff of metals,
+  Came a boat of purple color,
+  All the ribs were colored golden,
+  And the oars were forged from copper;
+  Thus the skiff was full of beauty,
+  But alas! a thing of evil;
+  Forth it rushes into trouble,
+  Hastens into every quarrel,
+  Hastes without a provocation
+  Into every evil combat.
+  Ilmarinen, metal artist,
+  Is not pleased with this creation,
+  Breaks the skiff in many fragments,
+  Throws them back within the furnace,
+  Keeps the workmen at the bellows,
+  Thus to forge the magic Sampo.
+  On the third day, Ilmarinen,
+  First of all the metal-workers,
+  Downward bent and well examined,
+  On the bottom of the furnace;
+  There be saw a heifer rising,
+  Golden were the horns of Kimmo,
+  On her head the Bear of heaven,
+  On her brow a disc of sunshine,
+  Beautiful the cow of magic;
+  But alas! she is ill-tempered,
+  Rushes headlong through the forest,
+  Rushes through the swamps and meadows,
+  Wasting all her milk in running.
+  Ilmarinen, the magician.
+  Is not pleased with this creation,
+  Cuts the magic cow in pieces,
+  Throws them in the fiery furnace,
+  Sets the workmen at the bellows,
+  Thus to forge the magic Sampo.
+  On the fourth day, Ilmarinen
+  Downward bent and well examined,
+  To the bottom of the furnace;
+  There beheld a plow in beauty
+  Rising from the fire of metals,
+  Golden was the point and plowshare,
+  And the beam was forged from copper,
+  And the handles, molten silver,
+  Beautiful the plow and wondrous;
+  But alas! it is ill-mannered,
+  Plows up fields of corn and barley,
+  Furrows through the richest meadows.
+  Ilmarinen, metal artist,
+  Is not pleased with this creation,
+  Quickly breaks the plow in pieces,
+  Throws them back within the furnace,
+  Lets the winds attend the bellows,
+  Lets the storm-winds fire the metals.
+  Fiercely vie the winds of heaven,
+  East-wind rushing, West-wind roaring,
+  South-wind crying, North-wind howling,
+  Blow one day and then a second,
+  Blow the third from morn till even,
+  When the fire leaps through the windows,
+  Through the door the sparks fly upward,
+  Clouds of smoke arise to heaven;
+  With the clouds the black smoke mingles,
+  As the storm-winds ply the bellows.
+  On the third night Ilmarinen,
+  Bending low to view his metals,
+  On the bottom of the furnace,
+  Sees the magic Sampo rising,
+  Sees the lid in many colors.
+  Quick the artist of Wainola
+  Forges with the tongs and anvil,
+  Knocking with a heavy hammer,
+  Forges skilfully the Sampo;
+  On one side the flour is grinding,
+  On another salt is making,
+  On a third is money forging,
+  And the lid is many-colored.
+  Well the Sampo grinds when finished,
+  To and fro the lid in rocking,
+  Grinds one measure at the day-break,
+  Grinds a measure fit for eating,
+  Grinds a second for the market,
+  Grinds a third one for the store-house.
+  Joyfully the dame of Northland,
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Takes away the magic Sampo,
+  To the hills of Sariola,
+  To the copper-bearing mountains,
+  Puts nine locks upon the wonder,
+  Makes three strong roots creep around it;
+  In the earth they grow nine fathoms,
+  One large root beneath the mountain,
+  One beneath the sandy sea-bed,
+  One beneath the mountain-dwelling.
+  Modestly pleads Ilmarinen
+  For the maiden's willing answer,
+  These the words of the magician:
+  "Wilt thou come with me, fair maiden,
+  Be my wife and queen forever?
+  I have forged for thee the Sampo,
+  Forged the lid in many colors."
+  Northland's fair and lovely daughter
+  Answers thus the metal-worker:
+  "Who will in the coming spring-time,
+  Who will in the second summer,
+  Guide the cuckoo's song and echo?
+  Who will listen to his calling,
+  Who will sing with him in autumn,
+  Should I go to distant regions,
+  Should this cheery maiden vanish
+  From the fields of Sariola,
+  From Pohyola's fens and forests,
+  Where the cuckoo sings and echoes?
+  Should I leave my father's dwelling,
+  Should my mother's berry vanish,
+  Should these mountains lose their cherry,
+  Then the cuckoo too would vanish,
+  All the birds would leave the forest,
+  Leave the summit of the mountain,
+  Leave my native fields and woodlands,
+  Never shall I, in my life-time,
+  Say farewell to maiden freedom,
+  Nor to summer cares and labors,
+  Lest the harvest be ungarnered,
+  Lest the berries be ungathered,
+  Lest the song-birds leave the forest,
+  Lest the mermaids leave the waters,
+  Lest I sing with them no longer."
+  Ilmarinen, the magician,
+  The eternal metal-forger,
+  Cap awry and head dejected,
+  Disappointed, heavy-hearted,
+  Empty-handed, well considers,
+  How to reach his distant country,
+  Reach his much-loved home and kinded,
+  Gain the meadows of Wainola,
+  From the never-pleasant Northland,
+  From the darksome Sariola.
+  Louhi thus addressed the suitor:
+  "O thou blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Why art thou so heavy-hearted,
+  Why thy visage so dejected?
+  Hast thou in thy mind to journey
+  From the vales and hills of Pohya,
+  To the meadows of Wainola,
+  To thy home in Kalevala?
+  This is Ilmarinen's answer:
+  "Thitherward my mind is tending,
+  To my home-land let me journey,
+  With my kindred let me linger,
+  Be at rest in mine own country."
+  Straightway Louhi, dame of Northland,
+  Gave the hero every comfort,
+  Gave him food and rarest viands,
+  Placed him in a boat of copper,
+  In a copper-banded vessel,
+  Called the winds to his assistance,
+  Made the North-wind guide him homeward.
+  Thus the skilful Ilmarinen
+  Travels toward his native country,
+  On the blue back of the waters,
+  Travels one day, then a second,
+  Till the third day evening brings him
+  To Wainola's peaceful meadows,
+  To his home in Kalevala.
+  Straightway ancient Wainamoinen
+  Thus addresses Ilmarinen:
+  "O my brother, metal-artist,
+  Thou eternal wonder-worker,
+  Didst thou forge the magic Sampo,
+  Forge the lid in many colors?"
+  Spake the brother, Ilmarinen,
+  These the words the master uttered:
+  "Yea, I forged the magic Sampo,
+  Forged the lid in many colors;
+  To and fro the lid in rocking
+  Grinds one measure at the day-dawn,
+  Grinds a measure fit for eating,
+  Grinds a second for the market,
+  Grinds a third one for the store-house.
+  Louhi has the wondrous Sampo,
+  I have not the Bride of Beauty."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XI.
+
+
+
+  LEMMINKAINEN'S LAMENT.
+
+
+  This the time to sing of Ahti,
+  Son of Lempo, Kaukomieli,
+  Also known as Lemminkainen.
+  Ahti was the king of islands,
+  Grew amid the island-dwellings,
+  At the site of his dear mother,
+  On the borders of the ocean,
+  On the points of promontories.
+  Ahti fed upon the salmon,
+  Fed upon the ocean whiting,
+  Thus became a mighty hero,
+  In his veins the blood of ages,
+  Read erect and form commanding,
+  Growth of mind and body perfect
+  But alas! he had his failings,
+  Bad indeed his heart and morals,
+  Roaming in unworthy places,
+  Staying days and nights in sequences
+  At the homes of merry maidens,
+  At the dances of the virgins,
+  With the maids of braided tresses.
+  Up in Sahri lived a maiden,
+  Lived the fair and winsome Kulli,
+  Lovely as a summer-flower,
+  From a kingly house descended,
+  Grew to perfect form and beauty,
+  Living in her father's cottage,
+  Home of many ancient heroes,
+  Beautiful was she and queenly,
+  Praised throughout the whole of Ehstland;
+  From afar men came to woo her,
+  To the birthplace of the virgin,
+  To the household of her mother.
+  For his son the Day-star wooes her,
+  But she will not go to Sun-land,
+  Will not shine beside the Day-star,
+  In his haste to bring the summer.
+  For her son, the bright Moon wooes her,
+  But she will not go to Moon-land,
+  By the bright Moon will not glimmer,
+  Will not run through boundless ether.
+  For his son the Night-star wooes her,
+  But she will not go to Star-land,
+  Will not twinkle in the starlight,
+  Through the dreary nights in winter.
+  Lovers come from distant Ehstlaud,
+  Others come from far-off Ingern,
+  But they cannot win the maiden,
+  This the answer that she gives them
+  "Vainly are your praises lavished
+  Vainly is your silver offered,
+  Wealth and praise are no temptation;
+  Never shall I go to Ehstland,
+  Never shall I go a-rowing
+  On the waters of the Ingern,
+  Shall not cross the Sahri-waters,
+  Never eat the fish of Ehstland,
+  Never taste the Ehstland viands.
+  Ingerland shall never see me,
+  Will not row upon her rivers,
+  Will not step within her borders;
+  Hunger there, and fell starvation,
+  Wood is absent, fuel wanting,
+  Neither water, wheat, nor barley,
+  Even rye is not abundant."
+  Lemminkainen of the islands,
+  Warlike hero, Kaukomieli,
+  Undertakes to win the maiden,
+  Woo and win the Sahri-flower,
+  Win a bride so highly honored,
+  Win the maid with golden tresses,
+  Win the Sahri maid of beauty;
+  But his mother gives him warning:
+  "Nay," replies his gray-haired mother,
+  "Do not woo, my son beloved,
+  Maiden of a higher station;
+  She will never make thee happy
+  With her lineage of Sahri."
+  Spake the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  These the words of Kaukomieli:
+  "Should I come from lowly station,
+  Though my tribe is not the highest,
+  I shall woo to please my fancy,
+  Woo the maiden fair and lovely,
+  Choose a wife for worth and beauty."
+  This the anxious mother's answer:
+  "Lemminkainen, son beloved,
+  Listen to advice maternal:
+  Do not go to distant Sahri,
+  To her tribe of many branches;
+  All the maidens there will taunt thee,
+  All the women will deride thee."
+  Lemminkainen, little hearing,
+  Answers thus his mother's pleading:
+  "I will still the sneers of women,
+  Silence all the taunts of maidens,
+  I will crush their haughty bosoms,
+  Smite the hands and cheeks of infants;
+  Surely this will check their insults,
+  Fitting ending to derision!"
+  This the answer of' the mother:
+  "Woe is me, my son beloved!
+  Woe is me, my life hard-fated!
+  Shouldst thou taunt the Sahri daughters.
+  Or insult the maids of virtue,
+  Shouldst thou laugh them to derision,
+  There will rise a great contention,
+  Fierce the battle that will follow.
+  All the hosts of Sahri-suitors,
+  Armed in thousands will attack thee,
+  And will slay thee for thy folly."
+  Nothing listing, Lemminkainen,
+  Heeding not his mother's warning,
+  Led his war-horse from the stables,
+  Quickly hitched the fiery charger,
+  Fleetly drove upon his journey,
+  To the distant Sahri-village,
+  There to woo the Sahri-flower,
+  There to win the Bride of Beauty.
+  All the aged Sahri-women,
+  All the young and lovely maidens
+  Laughed to scorn the coming stranger
+  Driving careless through the alleys,
+  Wildly driving through the court-yard,
+  Now upsetting in the gate-way,
+  Breaking shaft, and hame, and runner.
+  Then the fearless Lemminkainen,
+  Mouth awry and visage wrinkled,
+  Shook his sable locks and answered:
+  "Never in my recollection
+  Have I heard or seen such treatment,
+  Never have I been derided,
+  Never suffered sneers of women,
+  Never suffered scorn of virgins,
+  Not in my immortal life-time.
+  Is there any place befitting
+  On the Sahri-plains and pastures,
+  Where to join in songs and dances?
+  Is there here a hall for pleasure,
+  Where the Sahri-maidens linger,
+  Merry maids with braided tresses?"
+  Thereupon the Sahri-maidens
+  Answered from their promontory.,
+  "Room enough is there in Sahri,
+  Room upon the Sahri-pastures,
+  Room for pleasure-halls and dances;
+  Sing and dance upon our meadows,
+  Be a shepherd on the mountains,
+  Shepherd-boys have room for dancing;
+  Indolent the Sahri-children,
+  But the colts are fat and frisky."
+  Little caring, Lemminkainen
+  Entered service there as shepherd,
+  In the daytime on the pastures,
+  In the evening, making merry
+  At the games of lively maidens,
+  At the dances with the virgins,
+  With the maids with braided tresses.
+  Thus it was that Lemminkainen,
+  Thus the shepherd, Kaukomieli,
+  Quickly hushed the women's laughter,
+  Quickly quenched the taunts of maidens,
+  Quickly silenced their derision.
+  All the dames and Sahri-daughters
+  Soon were feasting Lemminkainen,
+  At his side they danced and lingered.
+  Only was there one among them,
+  One among the Sahri-virgins,
+  Harbored neither love nor wooers,
+  Favored neither gods nor heroes,
+  This the lovely maid Kyllikki,
+  This the Sahri's fairest flower.
+  Lemminkainen, full of pleasure,
+  Handsome hero, Kaukomieli,
+  Rowed a hundred boats in pieces,
+  Pulled a thousand oars to fragments,
+  While he wooed the Maid of Beauty,
+  Tried to win the fair Kyllikki.
+  Finally the lovely maiden,
+  Fairest daughter of the Northland,
+  Thus addresses Lemminkainen:
+  "Why dost linger here, thou weak one,
+  Why dost murmur on these borders,
+  Why come wooing at my fireside,
+  Wooing me in belt of copper?
+  Have no time to waste upon thee,
+  Rather give this stone its polish,
+  Rather would I turn the pestle
+  In the heavy sandstone mortar;
+  Rather sit beside my mother
+  In the dwellings of my father.
+  Never shall I heed thy wooing,
+  Neither wights nor whisks I care for,
+  Sooner have a slender husband
+  Since I have a slender body;
+  Wish to have him fine of figure,
+  Since perchance I am well-shapen;
+  Wish to have him tall and stately,
+  Since my form perchance is queenly;
+  Never waste thy time in wooing
+  Saliri's maid and favored flower."
+  Time had gone but little distance,
+  Scarcely had a month passed over,
+  When upon a merry evening,
+  Where the maidens meet for dancing,
+  In the glen beyond the meadow,
+  On a level patch of verdure,
+  Came too soon the maid Kyllikki,
+  Sahri's pride, the Maid of Beauty;
+  Quickly followed Lemminkainen,
+  With his stallion proudly prancing,
+  Fleetest racer of the Northland,
+  Fleetly drives beyond the meadow,
+  Where the maidens meet for dancing,
+  Snatches quick the maid Kyllikki,
+  On the settle seats the maiden,
+  Quickly draws the leathern cover,
+  And adjusts the brichen cross-bar,
+  Whips his courser to a gallop.
+  With a rush, and roar, and rattle,
+  Speeds he homeward like the storm-wind,
+  Speaks these words to those that listen:
+  "Never, never, anxious maidens,
+  Must ye give the information,
+  That I carried off Kyllikki
+  To my distant home and kindred.
+  If ye do not heed this order,
+  Ye shall badly fare as maidens;
+  I shall sing to war your suitors,
+  Sing them under spear and broadsword,
+  That for months, and years, and ages,
+  Never ye will see their faces,
+  Never hear their merry voices,
+  Never will they tread these uplands,
+  Never will they join these dances,
+  Never will they drive these highways."
+  Sad the wailing of Kyllikki,
+  Sad the weeping flower of Sahri!
+  Listen to her tearful pleading:
+  "Give, O give me back my freedom,
+  Free me from the throes of thralldom,
+  Let this maiden wander homeward,
+  By some foot-path let me wander
+  To my father who is grieving,
+  To my mother who is weeping;
+  Let me go or I will curse thee!
+  If thou wilt not give me freedom,
+  Wilt not let me wander homeward,
+  Where my loved ones wait my coming,
+  I have seven stalwart brothers,
+  Seven sons of father's brother,
+  Seven sons of mother's sister,
+  Who pursue the tracks of red-deer,
+  Hunt the hare upon the heather;
+  They will follow thee and slay thee,
+  Thus I'll gain my wished-for freedom."
+  Lemminkainen, little heeding,
+  Would not grant the maiden's wishes,
+  Would not heed her plea for mercy.
+  Spake again the waiting virgin,
+  Pride and beauty of the Northland:
+  "Joyful was I with my kindred,
+  Joyful born and softly nurtured
+  Merrily I spent my childhood,
+  Happy I, in virgin-freedom,
+  In the dwelling of my father,
+  By the bedside of my mother,
+  With my lineage in Sahri;
+  But alas! all joy has vanished,
+  All my happiness departed,
+  All my maiden beauty waneth
+  Since I met thine evil spirit,
+  Shameless hero of dishonor,
+  Cruel fighter of the islands,
+  Merciless in civil combat."
+  Spake the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  These the words of Kaukomieli:
+  "Dearest maiden, fair Kyllikki,
+  My sweet strawberry of Pohya,
+  Still thine anguish, cease thy weeping,
+  Be thou free from care and sorrow,
+  Never shall I do thee evil,
+  Never will my hands maltreat thee,
+  Never will mine arms abuse thee,
+  Never will my tongue revile thee,
+  Never will my heart deceive thee.
+  "Tell me why thou hast this anguish,
+  Why thou hast this bitter sorrow,
+  Why this sighing and lamenting,
+  Tell me why this wail of sadness?
+  Banish all thy cares and sorrows,
+  Dry thy tears and still thine anguish,
+  I have cattle, food, and shelter,
+  I have home, and friends, and kindred,
+  Kine upon the plains and uplands,
+  In the marshes berries plenty,
+  Strawberries upon the mountains
+  I have kine that need no milking,
+  Handsome kine that need no feeding,
+  Beautiful if not well-tended;
+  Need not tie them up at evening,
+  Need not free them in the morning,
+  Need not hunt them, need not feed them,
+  Need not give them salt nor water.
+  "Thinkest thou my race is lowly,
+  Dost thou think me born ignoble,
+  Does my lineage agrieve thee?
+  Was not born in lofty station,
+  From a tribe of noble heroes,
+  From a worthy race descended;
+  But I have a sword of fervor,
+  And a spear yet filled with courage,
+  Surely these are well descended,
+  These were born from hero-races,
+  Sharpened by the mighty Hisi,
+  By the gods were forged and burnished;
+  Therefore will I give thee greatness,
+  Greatness of my race and nation,
+  With my broadsword filled with fervor,
+  With my spear still filled with courage."
+  Anxiously the sighing maiden
+  Thus addresses Lemminkainen:
+  "O thou Ahti, son of Lempo,
+  Wilt thou take this trusting virgin,
+  As thy faithful life-companion,
+  Take me under thy protection,
+  Be to me a faithful husband,
+  Swear to me an oath of honor,
+  That thou wilt not go to battle,
+  When for gold thou hast a longing,
+  When thou wishest gold and silver?"
+  This is Lemminkainen's answer:
+  I will swear an oath of honor,
+  That I'll never go to battle,
+  When for gold I feel a longing,
+  When I wish for gold and silver.
+  Swear thou also on thine honor,
+  Thou wilt go not to the village,
+  When desire for dance impels thee,
+  Wilt not visit village-dances."
+  Thus the two made oath together,
+  Registered their vows in heaven,
+  Vowed before omniscient Ukko,
+  Ne'er to go to war vowed Ahti,
+  Never to the dance, Kyllikki.
+  Lemminkainen, full of joyance,
+  Snapped his whip above his courser,
+  Whipped his racer to a gallop,
+  And these words the hero uttered:
+  "Fare ye well, ye Sahri-meadows,
+  Roots of firs, and stumps of birch-trees.
+  That I wandered through in summer,
+  That I travelled o'er in winter,
+  Where ofttimes in rainy seasons,
+  At the evening hour I lingered,
+  When I sought to win the virgin,
+  Sought to win the Maid of Beauty,
+  Fairest of the Sahri-flowers.
+  Fare ye well, ye Sahri-woodlands,
+  Seas and oceans, lakes and rivers,
+  Vales and mountains, isles and inlets,
+  Once the home of fair Kyllikki!"
+  Quick the racer galloped homeward,
+  Galloped on along the highway,
+  Toward the meadows of Wainola,
+  To the plains of Kalevala.
+  As they neared the Ahti-dwellings,
+  Thus Kyllikki spake in sorrow:
+  "Cold and drear is thy cottage,
+  Seeming like a place deserted;
+  Who may own this dismal cabin,
+  Who the one so little honored?"
+  Spake the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  These the words that Ahti uttered:
+  "Do not grieve about my cottage,
+  Have no care about my chambers;
+  I shall build thee other dwellings,
+  I shall fashion them much better,
+  Beams, and posts, and sills, and rafters,
+  Fashioned from the sacred birch-wood."
+  Now they reach the home of Ahti,
+  Lemminkainen's home and birthplace,
+  Enter they his mother's cottage;
+  There they meet his aged mother,
+  These the words the mother uses:
+  "Long indeed hast thou been absent,
+  Long in foreign lands hast wandered,
+  Long in Sahri thou hast lingered!"
+  This is Lemminkainen's answer:
+  "All the host of Sahri-women,
+  All the chaste and lovely maidens,
+  All the maids with braided tresses,
+  Well have paid for their derision,
+  For their scorn and for their laughter,
+  That they basely heaped upon me.
+  I have brought the best among them
+  In my sledge to this thy cottage;
+  Well I wrapped her in my fur-robes,
+  Kept her warm enwrapped in bear-skin,
+  Brought her to my mother's dwelling,
+  As my faithful life-companion;
+  Thus I paid the scornful maidens,
+  Paid them well for their derision.
+  "Cherished mother of my being,
+  I have found the long-sought jewel,
+  I have won the Maid of Beauty.
+  Spread our couch with finest linen,
+  For our heads the softest pillows,
+  On our table rarest viands,
+  So that I may dwell in pleasure
+  With my spouse, the bride of honor,
+  With the pride of distant Sahri."
+  This the answer of the mother:
+  "Be thou praised, O gracious Ukko,
+  Loudly praised, O thou Creator,
+  Since thou givest me a daughter,
+  Ahti's bride, my second daughter,
+  Who can stir the fire at evening,
+  Who can weave me finest fabrics,
+  Who can twirl the useful spindle,
+  Who can rinse my silken ribbons,
+  Who can full the richest garments.
+  "Son beloved, praise thy Maker,
+  For the winning of this virgin,
+  Pride and joy of distant Sahri
+  Kind indeed is thy Creator,
+  Wise the ever-knowing Ukko!
+  Pure the snow upon the mountains,
+  Purer still thy Bride of Beauty;
+  White the foam upon the ocean,
+  Whiter still her virgin-spirit;
+  Graceful on the lakes, the white-swan,
+  Still more graceful, thy companion:
+  Beautiful the stars in heaven,
+  Still more beautiful, Kyllikki.
+  Larger make our humble cottage,
+  Wider build the doors and windows,
+  Fashion thou the ceilings higher,
+  Decorate the walls in beauty,
+  Now that thou a bride hast taken
+  From a tribe of higher station,
+  Purest maiden of creation,
+  From the meadow-lands of Sahri,
+  From the upper shores of Northland."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XII.
+
+
+
+  KYLLIKKI'S BROKEN VOW.
+
+
+  Lemminkainen, artful husband,
+  Reckless hero, Kaukomieli,
+  Constantly beside his young wife.,
+  Passed his life in sweet contentment,
+  And the years rolled swiftly onward;
+  Ahti thought not of the battles,
+  Nor Kyllikki of the dances.
+  Once upon a time it happened
+  That the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  Went upon the lake a-fishing,
+  Was not home at early evening,
+  As the cruel night descended;
+  To the village went Kyllikki,
+  To the dance of merry maidens.
+  Who will tell the evil story,
+  Who will bear the information
+  To the husband, Lemminkainen?
+  Ahti's sister tells the story,
+  And the sister's name, Ainikki.
+  Soon she spreads the cruel tidings,
+  Straightway gives the information,
+  Of Kyllikki's perjured honor,
+  These the words Ainikki utters:
+  "Ahti, my beloved brother,
+  To the village went Kyllikki,
+  To the hall of many strangers,
+  To the plays and village dances,
+  With the young men and the maidens,
+  With the maids of braided tresses,
+  To the halls of joy and pleasure."
+  Lemminkainen, much dejected,
+  Broken-hearted, flushed with anger,
+  Spake these words in measured accents:
+  "Mother dear, my gray-haired mother,
+  Wilt thou straightway wash my linen
+  In the blood of poison-serpents,
+  In the black blood of the adder?
+  I must hasten to the combat,
+  To the camp-fires of the Northland,
+  To the battle-fields of Lapland;
+  To the village went Kyllikki,
+  To the play of merry maidens,
+  To the games and village dances,
+  With the maids of braided tresses."
+  Straightway speaks the wife, Kyllikki:
+  "My beloved husband, Ahti,
+  Do not go to war, I pray thee.
+  In the evening I lay sleeping,
+  Slumbering I saw in dream-land
+  Fire upshooting from the chimney,
+  Flames arising, mounting skyward,
+  From the windows of this dwelling,
+  From the summits of these rafters,
+  Piercing through our upper chambers,
+  Roaring like the fall of waters,
+  Leaping from the floor and ceiling,
+  Darting from the halls and doorways."
+  But the doubting Lemminkainen
+  Makes this answer to Kyllikki:
+  "I discredit dreams or women,
+  Have no faith in vows of maidens!
+  Faithful mother of my being,
+  Hither bring my mail of copper;
+  Strong desire is stirring in me
+  For the cup of deadly combat,
+  For the mead of martial conquest."
+  This the pleading mother's answer:
+  "Lemminkainen, son beloved,
+  Do not go to war I pray thee;
+  We have foaming beer abundant,
+  In our vessels beer of barley,
+  Held in casks by oaken spigots;
+  Drink this beer of peace and pleasure,
+  Let us drink of it together."
+  Spake the hero, Lemminkainen:
+  "I shall taste no more the viands,
+  In the home of false Kyllikki;
+  Rather would I drink the water
+  From the painted tips of birch-oars;
+  Sweeter far to me the water,
+  Than the beverage of dishonor,
+  At my mother's home and fireside!
+  "Hither bring my martial doublet,
+  Bring me now the sword of battle,
+  Bring my father's sword of honor;
+  I must go to upper Northland,
+  To the battle-fields of Lapland,
+  There to win me gold and silver."
+  This the anxious mother's answer:
+  "My beloved Kaukomieli,
+  We have gold in great abundance,
+  Gold and silver in the store-room;
+  Recently upon the uplands,
+  In the early hours of morning,
+  Toiled the workmen in the corn-fields,
+  Plowed the meadows filled with serpents,
+  When the plowshare raised the cover
+  From a chest of gold and silver,
+  Countless was the gold uncovered,
+  Hid beneath the grassy meadow;
+  This the treasure I have brought thee,
+  Take the countless gold in welcome."
+  Spake the hero, Lemminkainen:
+  "Do not wish thy household silver,
+  From the wars I'll earn my silver;
+  Gold and silver from the combat
+  Are to me of greater value
+  Than the wealth thou hast discovered.
+  Bring me now my heavy armor,
+  Bring me too my spear and broadsword;
+  To the Northland I must hasten,
+  To the bloody wars of Lapland,
+  Thither does my pride impel me,
+  Thitherward my heart is turning.
+  "I have heard a tale of Lapland,
+  Some believe the wondrous story,
+  That a maid in Pimentola
+  Lives that does not care for suitors,
+  Does not care for bearded heroes."
+  This the aged mother's answer:
+  "Warlike Athi, son beloved,
+  In thy home thou hast Kyllikki,
+  Fairest wife of all the islands;
+  Strange to see two wives abiding
+  In the home of but one husband."
+  Spake the hero, Lemminkainen:
+  "To the village runs Kyllikki;
+  Let her run to village dances,
+  Let her sleep in other dwellings,
+  With the village youth find pleasure,
+  With the maids of braided tresses."
+  Seeks the mother to detain him,
+  Thus the anxious mother answers:
+  "Do not go, my son beloved,
+  Ignorant of Pohya-witchcraft,
+  To the distant homes of Northland
+  Till thou hast the art of magic,
+  Till thou hast some little wisdom
+  Do not go to fields of battle,
+  To the fires of Northland's children,
+  To the slaughter-fields of Lapland,
+  Till of magic thou art master.
+  There the Lapland maids will charm thee,
+  Turyalanders will bewitch thee,
+  Sing thy visage into charcoal,
+  Head and shoulders to the furnace,
+  Into ashes sing thy fore-arm,
+  Into fire direct thy footsteps."
+  Spake the warlike Lemminkainen:
+  Wizards often have bewitched me,
+  And the fascinating serpents;
+  Lapland wizards, three in number,
+  On an eve in time of summer,
+  Sitting on a rock at twilight,
+  Not a garment to protect them,
+  Once bewitched me with their magic;
+  This much they have taken from me,
+  This the sum of all my losses:
+  What the hatchet gains from flint-stone,
+  What the auger bores from granite,
+  What the heel chips from the iceberg,
+  And what death purloins from tomb-stones.
+  "Horribly the wizards threatened,
+  Tried to sink me with their magic,
+  In the water of the marshes,
+  In the mud and treacherous quicksand,
+  To my chin in mire and water;
+  But I too was born a hero,
+  Born a hero and magician,
+  Was not troubled by their magic.
+  "Straightway I began my singing,
+  Sang the archers with their arrows,
+  Sang the spearmen with their weapons,
+  Sang the swordsmen with their poniards,
+  Sang the singers with their singing,
+  The enchanters with their magic,
+  To the rapids of the rivers,
+  To the highest fall of waters,
+  To the all-devouring whirlpool,
+  To the deepest depths of ocean,
+  Where the wizards still are sleeping,
+  Sleeping till the grass shoots upward
+  Through the beards and wrinkled faces,
+  Through the locks of the enchanters,
+  As they sleep beneath the billows."
+  Still entreats the anxious mother,
+  Still beseeches Lemminkainen,
+  Trying to restrain the hero,
+  While Kyllikki begs forgiveness;
+  This the language of the mother:
+  "Do not go, my son beloved,
+  To the villages of Northland,
+  Nor to Lapland's frigid borders;
+  Dire misfortune will befall thee,
+  Star of evil settle o'er thee,
+  Lemminkainen's end, destruction.
+  "Couldst thou speak in tongues a hundred,
+  I could not believe thee able,
+  Through the magic of thy singing,
+  To enchant the sons of Lapland
+  To the bottom of the ocean,
+  Dost not know the Tury-language,
+  Canst but speak the tongue of Suomi,
+  Canst not win by witless magic."
+  Lemminkainen, reckless hero,
+  Also known as Kaukomieli,
+  Stood beside his mother, combing
+  Out his sable locks and musing,
+  Brushing down his beard, debating,
+  Steadfast still in his decision,
+  Quickly hurls his brush in anger,
+  Hurls it to the wall opposing,
+  Gives his mother final answer,
+  These the words that Ahti uses:
+  "Dire misfortune will befall me,
+  Some sad fate will overtake me,
+  Evil come to Lemminkainen,
+  When the blood flows from that hair-brush,
+  When blood oozes from those bristles."
+  Thus the warlike Lemminkainen
+  Goes to never-pleasant Lapland,
+  Heeding not his mother's warning,
+  Heeding not her prohibition.
+  Thus the hero, Kaukomieli,
+  Quick equips himself for warfare,
+  On his head a copper helmet,
+  On his shoulders caps of copper,
+  On his body iron armor,
+  Steel, the belt around his body;
+  As he girds himself for battle,
+  Ahti thus soliloquizing:
+  "Strong the hero in his armor,
+  Strong indeed in copper helmet,
+  Powerful in mail of iron,
+  Stronger far than any hero
+  On the dismal shores of Lapland,
+  Need not fear their wise enchanters,
+  Need not fear their strongest foemen,
+  Need not fear a war with wizards."
+  Grasped he then the sword of battle,
+  Firmly grasped the heavy broadsword
+  That Tuoni had been grinding,
+  That the gods had brightly burnished,
+  Thrust it in the leathern scabbard,
+  Tied the scabbard to his armor.
+  How do heroes guard from danger,
+  Where protect themselves from evil?
+  Heroes guard their homes and firesides,
+  Guard their doors, and roofs, and windows,
+  Guard the posts that bold the torch-lights,
+  Guard the highways to the court-yard,
+  Guard the ends of all the gate-ways.
+  Heroes guard themselves from women,
+  Carefully from merry maidens;
+  If in this their strength be wanting,
+  Easy fall the heroes, victims
+  To the snares of the enchanters.
+  Furthermore are heroes watchful
+  Of the tribes of warlike giants,
+  Where the highway doubly branches,
+  On the borders of the blue-rock,
+  On the marshes filled with evil,
+  Near the mighty fall of waters,
+  Near the circling of the whirlpool,
+  Near the fiery springs and rapids.
+  Spake the stout-heart, Lemminkainen:
+  "Rise ye heroes of the broadsword,
+  Ye, the earth's eternal heroes,
+  From the deeps, ye sickle-bearers,
+  From the brooks, ye crossbow-shooters,
+  Come, thou forest, with thine archers,
+  Come, ye thickets, with your armies,
+  Mountain spirits, with your powers,
+  Come, fell Hisi, with thy horrors,
+  Water-mother, with thy dangers,
+  Come, Wellamo, with thy mermaids,
+  Come, ye maidens from the valleys,
+  Come, ye nymphs from winding rivers,
+  Be protection to this hero,
+  Be his day-and-night companions,
+  Body-guard to Lemminkainen,
+  Thus to blunt the spears of wizards,
+  Thus to dull their pointed arrows,
+  That the spears of the enchanters,
+  That the arrows of the archers,
+  That the weapons of the foemen,
+  May not harm this bearded hero.
+  "Should this force be insufficient,
+  I can call on other powers,
+  I can call the gods above me,
+  Call the great god of the heavens,
+  Him who gives the clouds their courses,
+  Him who rules through boundless ether,
+  Who directs the march of storm-winds.
+  "Ukko, thou O God above me,
+  Thou the father of creation,
+  Thou that speakest through the thunder,
+  Thou whose weapon is the lightning,
+  Thou whose voice is borne by ether,
+  Grant me now thy mighty fire-sword,
+  Give me here thy burning arrows,
+  Lightning arrows for my quiver,
+  Thus protect me from all danger,
+  Guard me from the wiles of witches,
+  Guide my feet from every evil,
+  Help me conquer the enchanters,
+  Help me drive them from the Northland;
+  Those that stand in front of battle,
+  Those that fill the ranks behind me,
+  Those around me, those above me,
+  Those beneath me, help me banish,.
+  With their knives, and swords, and cross-bows,
+  With their spears of keenest temper,
+  With their tongues of evil magic;
+  Help me drive these Lapland wizards
+  To the deepest depths of ocean,
+  There to wrestle with Wellamo."
+  Then the reckless Lemminkainen
+  Whistled loudly for his stallion,
+  Called the racer from the hurdles,
+  Called his brown steed from the pasture,
+  Threw the harness on the courser,
+  Hitched the fleet-foot to the snow-sledge,
+  Leaped upon the highest cross-bench,
+  Cracked his whip above the racer,
+  And the steed flies onward swiftly,
+  Bounds the sleigh upon its journey,
+  And the golden plain re-echoes;
+  Travels one day, then a second,
+  Travels all the next day northward,
+  Till the third day evening brings him
+  To a sorry Northland village,
+  On the dismal shores of Lapland.
+  Here the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  Drove along the lowest highway,
+  Through the streets along the border,
+  To a court-yard in the hamlet,
+  Asked one standing in the doorway:
+  "Is there one within this dwelling,
+  That can loose my stallion's breastplate,
+  That can lift his heavy collar,
+  That these shafts can rightly lower?"
+  On the floor a babe was playing,
+  And the young child gave this answer:
+  "There is no one in this dwelling
+  That can loose thy stallion's breastplate,
+  That can lift his heavy collar,
+  That the shafts can rightly lower."
+  Lemminkainen, not discouraged,
+  Whips his racer to a gallop,
+  Rushes forward through the village,
+  On the middle of the highways,
+  To the court-yard in the centre,
+  Asks one standing in the threshold,
+  Leaning on the penthouse door-posts:
+  "Is there any one here dwelling
+  That can slip my stallion's bridle,
+  That can loose his leathern breast-straps,
+  That can tend my royal racer?"
+  From the fire-place spake a wizard,
+  From her bench the witch made answer:
+  "Thou canst find one in this dwelling,
+  That can slip thy courser's bridle,
+  That can loose his heavy breastplate,
+  That can tend thy royal racer.
+  There are here a thousand heroes
+  That can make thee hasten homeward,
+  That can give thee fleet-foot stallions,
+  That can chase thee to thy country,
+  Reckless rascal and magician,
+  To thy home and fellow minstrels,
+  To the uplands of thy father,
+  To the cabins of thy mother,
+  To the work-bench of thy brother,
+  To the dairy or thy sister,
+  Ere the evening star has risen,
+  Ere the sun retires to slumber."
+  Lemminkainen, little fearing,
+  Gives this answer to the wizard:
+  "I should slay thee for thy pertness,
+  That thy clatter might be silenced."
+  Then he whipped his fiery charger,
+  And the steed flew onward swiftly,
+  On the upper of the highways,
+  To the court-yard on the summit.
+  When the reckless Lemminkainen
+  Had approached the upper court-yard,
+  Uttered he the words that follow:
+  "O thou Hisi, stuff this watch-dog,
+  Lempo, stuff his throat and nostrils,
+  Close the mouth of this wild barker,
+  Bridle well the vicious canine,
+  That the watcher may be silent
+  While the hero passes by him."
+  Then he stepped within the court-room,
+  With his whip he struck the flooring,
+  From the floor arose a vapor,
+  In the fog appeared a pigmy,
+  Who unhitched the royal racer,
+  From his back removed the harness,
+  Gave the weary steed attention.
+  Then the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  Carefully advanced and listened.
+  No one saw the strange magician,
+  No one heard his cautious footsteps;
+  Heard he songs within the dwelling,
+  Through the moss-stuffed chinks heard voices.
+  Through the walls he beard them singing,
+  Through the doors the peals of laughter.
+  Then he spied within the court-rooms,
+  Lurking slyly in the hall-ways,
+  Found the court-rooms filled with singers,
+  By the walls were players seated,
+  Near the doors the wise men hovered,
+  Skilful ones upon the benches,
+  Near the fires the wicked wizards;
+  All were singing songs of Lapland,
+  Singing songs of evil Hisi.
+  Now the minstrel, Lemminkainen,
+  Changes both his form and stature,
+  Passes through the inner door-ways,
+  Enters he the spacious court-hall,
+  And these words the hero utters:
+  "Fine the singing quickly ending,
+  Good the song that quickly ceases;
+  Better far to keep thy wisdom
+  Than to sing it on the house-tops."
+  Comes the hostess of Pohyola,
+  Fleetly rushing through the door-way,
+  To the centre of the court-room,
+  And addresses thus the stranger:
+  Formerly a dog lay watching,
+  Was a cur of iron-color,
+  Fond of flesh, a bone-devourer,
+  Loved to lick the blood of strangers.
+  Who then art thou of the heroes,
+  Who of all the host of heroes,
+  That thou art within my court-rooms,
+  That thou comest to my dwelling,
+  Was not seen without my portals,
+  Was not scented by my watch-dogs?
+  Spake the reckless Lemminkainen:
+  "Do not think that I come hither
+  Having neither wit nor wisdom,
+  Having neither art nor power,
+  Wanting in ancestral knowledge,
+  Lacking prudence of the fathers,
+  That thy watch-dogs may devour me.
+  "My devoted mother washed me,
+  When a frail and tender baby,
+  Three times in the nights of summer,
+  Nine times in the nights of autumn,
+  That upon my journeys northward
+  I might sing the ancient wisdom,
+  Thus protect myself from danger;
+  When at home I sing as wisely
+  As the minstrels of thy hamlet."
+  Then the singer, Lemminkainen,
+  Ancient hero, Kaukomieli,
+  Quick began his incantations,
+  Straightway sang the songs of witchcraft,
+  From his fur-robe darts the lightning,
+  Flames outshooting from his eye-balls,
+  From the magic of his singing
+  From his wonderful enchantment.
+  Sang the very best of singers
+  To the very worst of minstrels,
+  Filled their mouths with dust and ashes,
+  Piled the rocks upon their shoulders,
+  Stilled the best of Lapland witches,
+  Stilled the sorcerers and wizards.
+  Then he banished all their heroes,
+  Banished all their proudest minstrels,
+  This one hither, that one thither,
+  To the lowlands poor in verdure,
+  To the unproductive uplands,
+  To the oceans wanting whiting,
+  To the waterfalls of Rutya,
+  To the whirlpool hot and flaming,
+  To the waters decked with sea-foam,
+  Into fires and boiling waters,
+  Into everlasting torment.
+  Then the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  Sang the foemen with their broadswords?
+  Sang the heroes with their weapons,
+  Sang the eldest, sang the youngest,
+  Sang the middle-aged, enchanted;
+  Only one he left his senses,
+  He a poor, defenseless shepherd,
+  Old and sightless, halt and wretched,
+  And the old man's name was Nasshut.
+  Spake the miserable shepherd:
+  "Thou hast old and young enchanted,
+  Thou hast banished all our heroes,
+  Why hast spared this wretched shepherd?"
+  This is Lemminkainen's answer:
+  "Therefore have I not bewitched thee:
+  Thou art old, and blind, and wretched
+  Feeble-minded thou, and harmless,
+  Loathsome now without my magic.
+  Thou didst, in thy better life-time,
+  When a shepherd filled with malice,
+  Ruin all thy mother's berries,
+  Make thy sister, too unworthy,
+  Ruin all thy brother's cattle,
+  Drive to death thy father's stallions,
+  Through the marshes, o'er the meadows,
+  Through the lowlands, o'er the mountains,
+  Heeding not thy mother's counsel."
+  Thereupon the wretched Nasshut,
+  Angry grew and swore for vengeance,
+  Straightway limping through the door-way,
+  Hobbled on beyond the court-yard,
+  O'er the meadow-lands and pastures,
+  To the river of the death-land,
+  To the holy stream and whirlpool,
+  To the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  To the islands of Manala;
+  Waited there for Kaukomieli,
+  Listened long for Lemminkainen,
+  Thinking he must pass this river
+  On his journey to his country,
+  On. the highway to the islands,
+  From the upper shores of Pohya,
+  From the dreary Sariola.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XIII.
+
+
+
+  LEMMINIKAINEN'S SECOND WOOING.
+
+
+  Spake the ancient Lemminkainen
+  To the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Give to me thy lovely daughter,
+  Bring me now thy winsome maiden,
+  Bring the best of Lapland virgins,
+  Fairest virgin of the Northland."
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Answered thus the wild magician:
+  "I shall never give my daughter,
+  Never give my fairest maiden,
+  Not the best one, nor the worst one,
+  Not the largest, nor the smallest;
+  Thou hast now one wife-companion,
+  Thou has taken hence one hostess,
+  Carried off the fair Kyllikki."
+  This is Lemminkainen's answer:
+  To my home I took Kyllikki,
+  To my cottage on the island,
+  To my entry-gates and kindred;
+  Now I wish a better hostess,
+  Straightway bring thy fairest daughter,
+  Worthiest of all thy virgins,
+  Fairest maid with sable tresses."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Never will I give my daughter
+  To a hero false and worthless,
+  To a minstrel vain and evil;
+  Therefore, pray thou for my maiden,
+  Therefore, woo the sweet-faced flower,
+  When thou bringest me the wild-moose
+  From the Hisi fields and forests."
+  Then the artful Lemminkainen
+  Deftly whittled out his javelins,
+  Quickly made his leathern bow-string,
+  And prepared his bow and arrows,
+  And soliloquized as follows:
+  "Now my javelins are made ready,
+  All my arrows too are ready,
+  And my oaken cross-bow bended,
+  But my snow-shoes are not builded,
+  Who will make me worthy snow-shoes?"
+  Lemminkainen, grave and thoughtful,
+  Long reflected, well considered,
+  Where the snow-shoes could be fashioned,
+  Who the artist that could make them;
+  Hastened to the Kauppi-smithy,
+  To the smithy of Lylikki,
+  Thus addressed the snow-shoe artist:
+  "O thou skilful Woyalander,
+  Kauppi, ablest smith of Lapland,
+  Make me quick two worthy snow-shoes,
+  Smooth them well and make them hardy,
+  That in Tapio the wild-moose,
+  Roaming through the Hisi-forests,
+  I may catch and bring to Louhi,
+  As a dowry for her daughter."
+  Then Lylikki thus made answer,
+  Kauppi gave this prompt decision:
+  "Lemminkainen, reckless minstrel,
+  Thou wilt hunt in vain the wild-moose,
+  Thou wilt catch but pain and torture,
+  In the Hisi fens and forests."
+  Little heeding, Lemminkainen
+  Spake these measures to Lylikki
+  "Make for me the worthy snow-shoes,
+  Quickly work and make them ready;
+  Go I will and catch the blue-moose
+  Where in Tapio it browses,
+  In the Hisi woods and snow-fields."
+  Then Lylikki, snow-shoe-maker,
+  Ancient Kauppi, master artist,
+  Whittled in the fall his show-shoes,
+  Smoothed them in the winter evenings,
+  One day working on the runners,
+  All the next day making stick-rings,
+  Till at last the shoes were finished,
+  And the workmanship was perfect.
+  Then he fastened well the shoe-straps,
+  Smooth as adder's skin the woodwork,
+  Soft as fox-fur were the stick-rings;
+  Oiled he well his wondrous snow-shoes
+  With the tallow of the reindeer;
+  When he thus soliloquizes,
+  These the accents of Lylikki:
+  "Is there any youth in Lapland,
+  Any in this generation,
+  That can travel in these snow-shoes,
+  That can move the lower sections?"
+  Spake the reckless Lemminkainen,
+  Full of hope, and life, and vigor:
+  Surely there is one in Lapland.
+  In this rising generation,
+  That can travel in these snow-shoes,
+  That the right and left can manage."
+  To his back he tied the quiver,
+  Placed the bow upon his shoulder,
+  With both hands he grasped his snow-cane,
+  Speaking meanwhile words as follow:
+  "There is nothing in the woodlands,
+  Nothing in the world of Ukko,
+  Nothing underneath the heavens,
+  In the uplands, in the lowlands,
+  Nothing in the snow-fields running,
+  Not a fleet deer of the forest,
+  That could not be overtaken
+  With the snow-shoes of Lylikki,
+  With the strides of Lemminkainen."
+  Wicked Hisi heard these measures,
+  Juntas listened to their echoes;
+  Straightway Hisi called the wild-moose,
+  Juutas fashioned soon a reindeer,
+  And the head was made of punk-wood,
+  Horns of naked willow branches,
+  Feet were furnished by the rushes,
+  And the legs, by reeds aquatic,
+  Veins were made of withered grasses,
+  Eyes, from daisies of the meadows,
+  Ears were formed of water-flowers,
+  And the skin of tawny fir-bark,
+  Out of sappy wood, the muscles,
+  Fair and fleet, the magic reindeer.
+  Juutas thus instructs the wild-moose,
+  These the words of wicked Hisi:
+  Flee away, thou moose of Juutas,
+  Flee away, thou Hisi-reindeer,
+  Like the winds, thou rapid courser,
+  To the snow-homes of the ranger,
+  To the ridges of the mountains,
+  To the snow-capped hills of Lapland,
+  That thy hunter may be worn out,
+  Thy pursuer be tormented,
+  Lemminkainen be exhausted."
+  Thereupon the Hisi-reindeer,
+  Juutas-moose with branching antlers,
+  Fleetly ran through fen and forest,
+  Over Lapland's hills and valleys,
+  Through the open fields and court-yards,
+  Through the penthouse doors and gate-ways,
+  Turning over tubs of water,
+  Threw the kettles from the fire-pole,
+  And upset the dishes cooking.
+  Then arose a fearful uproar,
+  In the court-yards of Pohyola,
+  Lapland-dogs began their barking,
+  Lapland-children cried in terror,
+  Lapland-women roared with laughter,
+  And the Lapland-heroes shouted.
+  Fleetly followed Lemminkainen,
+  Followed fast, and followed faster,
+  Hastened on behind the wild-moose,
+  Over swamps and through the woodlands,
+  Over snow-fields vast and pathless,
+  Over high uprising mountains,
+  Fire out-shooting from his runners,
+  Smoke arising from his snow-cane:
+  Could not hear the wild-moose bounding,
+  Could not sight the flying fleet-foot;
+  Glided on through field and forest,
+  Glided over lakes and rivers,
+  Over lands beyond the smooth-sea,
+  Through the desert plains of Hisi,
+  Glided o'er the plains of Kalma,
+  Through the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  To the end of Kalma's empire,
+  Where the jaws of Death stand open,
+  Where the head of Kalma lowers,
+  Ready to devour the stranger,
+  To devour wild Lemminkainen;
+  But Tuoni cannot reach him,
+  Kalma cannot overtake him.
+  Distant woods are yet untraveled,
+  Far away a woodland corner
+  Stands unsearched by Kaukomieli,
+  In the North's extensive, borders,
+  In the realm of dreary Lapland.
+  Now the hero, on his snow-shoes,
+  Hastens to the distant woodlands,
+  There to hunt the moose of Piru.
+  As he nears the woodland corner,
+  There he bears a frightful uproar,
+  From the Northland's distant borders,
+  From the dreary fields of Lapland,
+  Hears the dogs as they are barking,
+  Hears the children loudly screaming,
+  Hears the laughter or the women,
+  Hears the shouting of the heroes.
+  Thereupon wild Lemminkainen
+  Hastens forward on his snow-shoes,
+  To the place where dogs are barking,
+  To the distant woods of Lapland.
+  When the reckless Kaukomieli
+  Had approached this Hisi corner,
+  Straightway he began to question:
+  "Why this laughter or the women,
+  Why the screaming of the children,
+  Why the shouting of the heroes,
+  Why this barking of the watch-dogs?
+  This reply was promptly given:
+  "This the reason for this uproar,
+  Women laughing, children screaming,
+  Heroes shouting, watch-dogs barking
+  Hisi's moose came running hither,
+  Hither came the Piru-Reindeer,
+  Hither came with hoofs of silver,
+  Through the open fields and court-yards,
+  Through the penthouse doors and gate-ways,
+  Turning over tubs or water,
+  Threw the kettles from the fire-pole,
+  And upset the dishes cooking."
+  Then the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  Straightway summoned all his courage,
+  Pushed ahead his mighty snow-shoes,
+  Swift as adders in the stubble,
+  Levelled bushes in the marshes,
+  Like the swift and fiery serpents,
+  Spake these words of magic import,
+  Keeping balance with his snow-staff:
+  Come thou might of Lapland heroes,
+  Bring to me the moose of Juutas;
+  Come thou strength of Lapland-women,
+  And prepare the boiling caldron;
+  Come, thou might of Lapland children,
+  Bring together fire and fuel;
+  Come, thou strength of Lapland-kettles,
+  Help to boil the Hisi wild-moose."
+  Then with mighty force and courage,
+  Lemminkainen hastened onward,
+  Striking backward, shooting forward;
+  With a long sweep of his snow-shoe,
+  Disappeared from view the hero;
+  With the second, shooting further,
+  Was the hunter out of hearing,
+  With the third the hero glided
+  On the shoulders of the wild-moose;
+  Took a pole of stoutest oak-wood,
+  Took some bark-strings from the willow,
+  Wherewithal to bind the moose-deer,
+  Bind him to his oaken hurdle.
+  To the moose he spake as follows:
+  "Here remain, thou moose of Juutas
+  Skip about, my bounding courser,
+  In my hurdle jump and frolic,
+  Captive from the fields of Piru,
+  From the Hisi glens and mountains."
+  Then he stroked the captured wild-moose,
+  Patted him upon his forehead,
+  Spake again in measured accents:
+  "I would like awhile to linger,
+  I would love to rest a moment
+  In the cottage of my maiden,
+  With my virgin, young and lovely."
+  Then the Hisi-moose grew angry,
+  Stamped his feet and shook his antlers,
+  Spake these words to Lemminkainen:
+  "Surely Lempo soon will got thee,
+  Shouldst thou sit beside the maiden,
+  Shouldst thou linger by the virgin."
+  Now the wild-moose stamps and rushes,
+  Tears in two the bands of willow,
+  Breaks the oak-wood pole in pieces,
+  And upturns the hunter's hurdle,
+  Quickly leaping from his captor,
+  Bounds away with strength of freedom,
+  Over hills and over lowlands,
+  Over swamps and over snow-fields,
+  Over mountains clothed in heather,
+  That the eye may not behold him,
+  Nor the hero's ear detect him.
+  Thereupon the mighty hunter
+  Angry grows, and much disheartened,
+  Starts again the moose to capture,
+  Gliding off behind the courser.
+  With his might he plunges forward;
+  At the instep breaks his snow-shoe,
+  Breaks the runners into fragments,
+  On the mountings breaks his javelins,
+  In the centre breaks his snow-staff,
+  And the moose bounds on before him,
+  Through the Hisi-woods and snow-fields,
+  Out of reach of Lemminkainen.
+  Then the reckless Kaukomieli
+  Looked with bended head, ill-humored,
+  One by one upon the fragments,
+  Speaking words of ancient wisdom:
+  "Northland hunters, never, never,
+  Go defiant to thy forests,
+  In the Hisi vales and mountains,
+  There to hunt the moose of Juutas,
+  Like this senseless, reckless hero;
+  I have wrecked my magic snow-shoes,
+  Ruined too my useful snow-staff,
+  And my javelins I have broken,
+  While the wild-moose runs in safety
+  Through the Hisi fields and forests."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XIV.
+
+
+
+  DEATH OF LEMMINKAINEN.
+
+
+  Lemminkainen, much disheartened,
+  Deeply thought and long considered,
+  What to do, what course to follow,
+  Whether best to leave the wild-moose
+  In the fastnesses of Hisi,
+  And return to Kalevala,
+  Or a third time hunt the ranger,
+  Hoping thus to bring him captive,
+  Thus return at last a victor
+  To the forest home of Louhi,
+  To the joy of all her daughters,
+  To the wood-nymph's happy fireside.
+  Taking courage Lemminkainen
+  Spake these words in supplication:
+  "Ukko, thou O God above me,
+  Thou Creator of the heavens,
+  Put my snow-shoes well in order,
+  And endow them both with swiftness,
+  That I rapidly may journey
+  Over marshes, over snow-fields,
+  Over lowlands, over highlands,
+  Through the realms of wicked Hisi,
+  Through the distant plains of Lapland,
+  Through the paths of Lempo's wild-moose,
+  To the forest hills of Juutas.
+  To the snow-fields shall I journey,
+  Leave the heroes to the woodlands,
+  On the way to Tapiola,
+  Into Tapio's wild dwellings.
+  "Greeting bring I to the mountains,
+  Greeting to the vales and uplands,
+  Greet ye, heights with forests covered,
+  Greet ye, ever-verdant fir-trees,
+  Greet ye, groves of whitened aspen,
+  Greetings bring to those that greet you,
+  Fields, and streams, and woods of Lapland.
+  Bring me favor, mountain-woodlands,
+  Lapland-deserts, show me kindness,
+  Mighty Tapio, be gracious,
+  Let me wander through thy forests,
+  Let me glide along thy rivers,
+  Let this hunter search thy snow-fields,
+  Where the wild-moose herds in numbers
+  Where the bounding reindeer lingers.
+  "O Nyrikki, mountain hero,
+  Son of Tapio of forests,
+  Hero with the scarlet head-gear,
+  Notches make along the pathway,
+  Landmarks upward to the mountains,
+  That this hunter may not wander,
+  May not fall, and falling perish
+  In the snow-fields of thy kingdom,
+  Hunting for the moose of Hisi,
+  Dowry for the pride of Northland.
+  "Mistress of the woods, Mielikki,
+  Forest-mother, formed in beauty,
+  Let thy gold flow out abundant,
+  Let thy silver onward wander,
+  For the hero that is seeking
+  For the wild-moose of thy kingdom;
+  Bring me here thy keys of silver,
+  From the golden girdle round thee;
+  Open Tapio's rich chambers,
+  And unlock the forest fortress,
+  While I here await the booty,
+  While I hunt the moose of Lempo.
+  "Should this service be too menial
+  Give the order to thy servants,
+  Send at once thy servant-maidens,
+  And command it to thy people.
+  Thou wilt never seem a hostess,
+  If thou hast not in thy service,
+  Maidens ready by the hundreds,
+  Thousands that await thy bidding,
+  Who thy herds may watch and nurture,
+  Tend the game of thy dominions.
+  "Tall and slender forest-virgin,
+  Tapio's beloved daughter,
+  Blow thou now thy honey flute-notes,
+  Play upon thy forest-whistle,
+  For the hearing of thy mistress,
+  For thy charming woodland-mistress,
+  Make her hear thy sweet-toned playing,
+  That she may arise from slumber.
+  Should thy mistress not awaken
+  At the calling of thy flute-notes,
+  Play again, and play unceasing,
+  Make the golden tongue re-echo."
+  Wild and daring Lemminkainen
+  Steadfast prays upon his journey,
+  Calling on the gods for succor,
+  Hastens off through fields and moorlands,
+  Passes on through cruel brush-wood,
+  To the colliery of Hisi,
+  To the burning fields of Lempo;
+  Glided one day, then a second,
+  Glided all the next day onward,
+  Till he came to Big-stone mountain,
+  Climbed upon its rocky summit,
+  Turned his glances to the north-west,
+  Toward the Northland moors and marshes;
+  There appeared the Tapio-mansion.
+  All the doors were golden-colored,
+  Shining in the gleam of sunlight
+  Through the thickets on the mountains,
+  Through the distant fields of Northland.
+  Lemminkainen, much encouraged,
+  Hastens onward from his station
+  Through the lowlands, o'er the uplands,
+  Over snow-fields vast and vacant,
+  Under snow-robed firs and aspens,
+  Hastens forward, happy-hearted,
+  Quickly reaches Tapio's court-yards,
+  Halts without at Tapio's windows,
+  Slyly looks into her mansion,
+  Spies within some kindly women,
+  Forest-dames outstretched before him,
+  All are clad in scanty raiment,
+  Dressed in soiled and ragged linens.
+  Spake the stranger Lemminkainen:
+  "Wherefore sit ye, forest-mothers,
+  In your old and simple garments,
+  In your soiled and ragged linen?
+  Ye, forsooth! are too untidy,
+  Too unsightly your appearance
+  In your tattered gowns appareled.
+  When I lived within the forest,
+  There were then three mountain castles,
+  One of horn and one of ivory,
+  And the third of wood constructed;
+  In their walls were golden windows,
+  Six the windows in each castle,
+  Through these windows I discovered
+  All the host of Tapio's mansion,
+  Saw its fair and stately hostess;
+  Saw great Tapio's lovely daughter,
+  Saw Tellervo in her beauty,
+  With her train of charming maidens;
+  All were dressed in golden raiment,
+  Rustled all in gold and silver.
+  Then the forest's queenly hostess,
+  Still the hostess of these woodlands,
+  On her arms wore golden bracelets,
+  Golden rings upon her fingers,
+  In her hair were sparkling, jewels,
+  On her bead were golden fillets,
+  In her ears were golden ear-rings,
+  On her neck a pearly necklace,
+  And her braidlets, silver-tinselled.
+  "Lovely hostess of the forest,
+  Metsola's enchanting mistress,
+  Fling aside thine ugly straw-shoes,
+  Cast away the shoes of birch-bark,
+  Doff thy soiled and ragged linen,
+  Doff thy gown of shabby fabric,
+  Don the bright and festive raiment,
+  Don the gown of merry-making,
+  While I stay within thy borders,
+  While I seek my forest-booty,
+  Hunt the moose of evil Hisi.
+  Here my visit will be irksome,
+  Here thy guest will be ill-humored,
+  Waiting in thy fields and woodlands,
+  Hunting here the moose of Lempo,
+  Finding not the Hisi-ranger,
+  Shouldst thou give me no enjoyment,
+  Should I find no joy, nor respite.
+  Long the eve that gives no pleasure,
+  Long the day that brings no guerdon!
+  "Sable-bearded god of forests,
+  In thy hat and coat of ermine,
+  Robe thy trees in finest fibers,
+  Deck thy groves in richest fabrics,
+  Give the fir-trees shining silver,
+  Deck with gold the slender balsams,
+  Give the spruces copper belting,
+  And the pine-trees silver girdles,
+  Give the birches golden flowers,
+  Deck their stems with silver fret-work,
+  This their garb in former ages,
+  When the days and nights were brighter,
+  When the fir-trees shone like sunlight,
+  And the birches like the moonbeams;
+  Honey breathed throughout the forest,
+  Settled in the glens and highlands
+  Spices in the meadow-borders,
+  Oil out-pouring from the lowlands.
+  "Forest daughter, lovely virgin,
+  Golden maiden, fair Tulikki,
+  Second of the Tapio-daughters,
+  Drive the game within these borders,
+  To these far-extending snow-fields.
+  Should the reindeer be too sluggish,
+  Should the moose-deer move too slowly
+  Cut a birch-rod from the thicket,
+  Whip them hither in their beauty,
+  Drive the wild-moose to my hurdle,
+  Hither drive the long-sought booty
+  To the hunter who is watching,
+  Waiting in the Hisi-forests.
+  "When the game has started hither,
+  Keep them in the proper highway,
+  Hold thy magic hands before them,
+  Guard them well on either road-side,
+  That the elk may not escape thee,
+  May not dart adown some by-path.
+  Should, perchance, the moose-deer wander
+  Through some by-way of the forest,
+  Take him by the ears and antlers,
+  Hither lead the pride of Lempo.
+  "If the path be filled with brush-wood
+  Cast the brush-wood to the road-side;
+  If the branches cross his pathway,
+  Break the branches into fragments;
+  Should a fence of fir or alder
+  Cross the way that leads him hither.
+  Make an opening within it,
+  Open nine obstructing fences;
+  If the way be crossed by streamlets,
+  If the path be stopped by rivers,
+  Make a bridge of silken fabric,
+  Weaving webs of scarlet color,
+  Drive the deer-herd gently over,
+  Lead them gently o'er the waters,
+  O'er the rivers of thy forests,
+  O'er the streams of thy dominions.
+  "Thou, the host of Tapio's mansion,
+  Gracious host of Tapiola,
+  Sable-bearded god of woodlands,
+  Golden lord of Northland forests,
+  Thou, O Tapio's worthy hostess,
+  Queen of snowy woods, Mimerkki,
+  Ancient dame in sky-blue vesture,
+  Fenland-queen in scarlet ribbons,
+  Come I to exchange my silver,
+  To exchange my gold and silver;
+  Gold I have, as old as moonlight,
+  Silver of the age of sunshine,
+  In the first of years was gathered,
+  In the heat and pain of battle;
+  It will rust within my pouches,
+  Soon will wear away and perish,
+  If it be not used in trading."
+  Long the hunter, Lemminkainen,
+  Glided through the fen and forest,
+  Sang his songs throughout the woodlands,
+  Through three mountain glens be sang them,
+  Sang the forest hostess friendly,
+  Sang he, also, Tapio friendly,
+  Friendly, all the forest virgins,
+  All of Metsola's fair daughters.
+  Now they start the herds of Lempo,
+  Start the wild-moose from his shelter,
+  In the realms of evil Hisi,
+  Tapio's highest mountain-region;
+  Now they drive the ranger homeward,
+  To the open courts of Piru,
+  To the hero that is waiting,
+  Hunting for the moose of Juutas.
+  When the herd had reached the castle,
+  Lemminkainen threw his lasso
+  O'er the antlers of the blue-moose,
+  Settled on the neck and shoulders
+  Of the mighty moose of Hisi.
+  Then the hunter, Kaukomieli,
+  Stroked his captive's neck in safety,
+  For the moose was well-imprisoned.
+  Thereupon gay Lemminkainen
+  Filled with joyance spake as follows:
+  "Pride of forests, queen of woodlands,
+  Metsola's enchanted hostess,
+  Lovely forest dame, Mielikki,
+  Mother-donor of the mountains,
+  Take the gold that I have promised,
+  Come and take away the silver;
+  Spread thy kerchief well before me,
+  Spread out here thy silken neck-wrap,
+  Underneath the golden treasure,
+  Underneath the shining silver,
+  that to earth it may not settle,
+  Scattered on the snows of winter."
+  Then the hero went a victor
+  To the dwellings of Pohyola,
+  And addressed these words to Louhi:
+  "I have caught the moose of Hisi,
+  In the Metsola-dominions,
+  Give, O hostess, give thy daughter,
+  Give to me thy fairest virgin,
+  Bride of mine to be hereafter."
+  Louhi, hostess of the Northland,
+  Gave this answer to the suitor:
+  "I will give to thee my daughter,
+  For thy wife my fairest maiden,
+  When for me thou'lt put a bridle
+  On the flaming horse of Hisi,
+  Rapid messenger of Lempo,
+  On the Hisi-plains and pastures."
+  Nothing daunted, Lemminkainen
+  Hastened forward to accomplish
+  Louhi's second test of heroes,
+  On the cultivated lowlands,
+  On the sacred fields and forests.
+  Everywhere he sought the racer,
+  Sought the fire-expiring stallion,
+  Fire out-shooting from his nostrils.
+  Lemminkainen, fearless hunter,
+  Bearing in his belt his bridle,
+  On his shoulders, reins and halter,
+  Sought one day, and then a second,
+  Finally, upon the third day,
+  Went he to the Hisi-mountain,
+  Climbed, and struggled to the summit;
+  To the east he turned his glances,
+  Cast his eyes upon the sunrise,
+  There beheld the flaming courser,
+  On the heath among the far-trees.
+  Lempo's fire-expiring stallion
+  Fire and mingled smoke, out-shooting
+  From his mouth, and eyes, and nostrils.
+  Spake the daring Lemminkainen,
+  This the hero's supplication:
+  "Ukko, thou O God above me,
+  Thou that rulest all the storm-clouds,
+  Open thou the vault of heaven,
+  Open windows through the ether,
+  Let the icy rain come falling,
+  Lot the heavy hailstones shower
+  On the flaming horse of Hisi,
+  On the fire-expiring stallion."
+  Ukko, the benign Creator,
+  Heard the prayer of Lemminkainen,
+  Broke apart the dome of heaven,
+  Rent the heights of heaven asunder,
+  Sent the iron-hail in showers,
+  Smaller than the heads of horses,
+  Larger than the heads of heroes,
+  On the flaming steed of Lempo,
+  On the fire-expiring stallion,
+  On the terror of the Northland.
+  Lemminkainen, drawing nearer,
+  Looked with care upon the courser,
+  Then he spake the words that follow:
+  "Wonder-steed of mighty Hisi,
+  Flaming horse of Lempo's mountain,
+  Bring thy mouth of gold, assenting,
+  Gently place thy head of silver
+  In this bright and golden halter,
+  In this silver-mounted bridle.
+  I shall never harshly treat thee,
+  Never make thee fly too fleetly,
+  On the way to Sariola,
+  On the tracks of long duration,
+  To the hostess of Pohyola,
+  To her magic courts and stables,
+  Will not lash thee on thy journey;
+  I shall lead thee gently forward,
+  Drive thee with the reins of kindness,
+  Cover thee with silken blankets."
+  Then the fire-haired steed of Juutas,
+  Flaming horse of mighty Hisi,
+  Put his bead of shining silver,
+  In the bright and golden bead-stall,
+  In the silver-mounted bridle.
+  Thus the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  Easy bridles Lempo's stallion,
+  Flaming horse of evil Piru;
+  Lays the bits within his fire-mouth,
+  On his silver head, the halter,
+  Mounts the fire-expiring courser,
+  Brandishes his whip of willow,
+  Hastens forward on his journey,
+  Bounding o'er the hills and mountains,
+  Dashing through the valleys northward,
+  O'er the snow-capped hills of Lapland,
+  To the courts of Sariola.
+  Then the hero, quick dismounting,
+  Stepped within the court of Louhi,
+  Thus addressed the Northland hostess:
+  "I have bridled Lempo's fire-horse,
+  I have caught the Hisi-racer,
+  Caught the fire-expiring stallion,
+  In the Piru plains and pastures,
+  Ridden him within thy borders;
+  I have caught the moose of Lempo,
+  I have done what thou demandest;
+  Give, I pray thee, now thy daughter,
+  Give to me thy fairest maiden,
+  Bride of mine to be forever."
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Made this answer to the suitor:
+  "I will only give my daughter,
+  Give to thee my fairest virgin,
+  Bride of thine to be forever,
+  When for me the swan thou killest
+  In the river of Tuoni,
+  Swimming in the black death-river,
+  In the sacred stream and whirlpool;
+  Thou canst try one cross-bow only,
+  But one arrow from thy quiver."
+  Then the reckless Lemminkainen,
+  Handsome hero, Kaukomieli,
+  Braved the third test of the hero,
+  Started out to hunt the wild-swan,
+  Hunt the long-necked, graceful swimmer,
+  In Tuoni's coal-black river,
+  In Manala's lower regions.
+  Quick the daring hunter journeyed,
+  Hastened off with fearless footsteps,
+  To the river of Tuoni,
+  To the sacred stream and whirlpool,
+  With his bow upon his shoulder,
+  With his quiver and one arrow.
+  Nasshut, blind and crippled shepherd,
+  Wretched shepherd of Pohyola,
+  Stood beside the death-land river,
+  Near the sacred stream and whirlpool,
+  Guarding Tuonela's waters,
+  Waiting there for Lemminkainen,
+  Listening there for Kaukomieli,
+  Waiting long the hero's coming.
+  Finally he hears the footsteps
+  Of the hero on his journey,
+  Hears the tread of Lemminkainen,
+  As he journeys nearer, nearer,
+  To the river of Tuoni,
+  To the cataract of death-land,
+  To the sacred stream and whirlpool.
+  Quick the wretched shepherd, Nasshut,
+  From the death-stream sends a serpent,
+  Like an arrow from a cross-bow,
+  To the heart of Lemminkainen,
+  Through the vitals of the hero.
+  Lemminkainen, little conscious,
+  Hardly knew that be was injured,
+  Spake these measures as he perished.
+  "Ah! unworthy is my conduct,
+  Ah! unwisely have I acted,
+  That I did not heed my mother,
+  Did not take her goodly counsel,
+  Did not learn her words of magic.
+  Oh I for three words with my mother,
+  How to live, and bow to suffer,
+  In this time of dire misfortune,
+  How to bear the stings of serpents,
+  Tortures of the reed of waters,
+  From the stream of Tuonela!
+  "Ancient mother who hast borne me,
+  Who hast trained me from my childhood,
+  Learn, I pray thee, where I linger,
+  Where alas! thy son is lying,
+  Where thy reckless hero suffers.
+  Come, I pray thee, faithful mother,
+  Come thou quickly, thou art needed,
+  Come deliver me from torture,
+  From the death-jaws of Tuoni,
+  From the sacred stream and whirlpool."
+  Northland's old and wretched shepherd,
+  Nasshut, the despised protector
+  Of the flocks of Sariola,
+  Throws the dying Lemminkainen,
+  Throws the hero of the islands,
+  Into Tuonela's river,
+  To the blackest stream of death-land,
+  To the worst of fatal whirlpools.
+  Lemminkainen, wild and daring,
+  Helpless falls upon the waters,
+  Floating down the coal-black current,
+  Through the cataract and rapids
+  To the tombs of Tuonela.
+  There the blood-stained son of death-land,
+  There Tuoni's son and hero,
+  Cuts in pieces Lemminkainen,
+  Chops him with his mighty hatchet,
+  Till the sharpened axe strikes flint-sparks
+  From the rocks within his chamber,
+  Chops the hero into fragments,
+  Into five unequal portions,
+  Throws each portion to Tuoni,
+  In Manala's lowest kingdom,
+  Speaks these words when he has ended:
+  "Swim thou there, wild Lemminkainen,
+  Flow thou onward in this river,
+  Hunt forever in these waters,
+  With thy cross-bow and thine arrow,
+  Shoot the swan within this empire,
+  Shoot our water-birds in welcome!"
+  Thus the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  Thus the handsome Kaukomieli,
+  The untiring suitor, dieth
+  In the river of Tuoni,
+  In the death-realm of Manala.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XV.
+
+
+
+  LEMMINKAINEN'S RESTORATION.
+
+
+  Lemminkainen's aged mother
+  Anxious roams about the islands,
+  Anxious wonders in her chambers,
+  What the fate of Lemminkainen,
+  Why her son so long has tarried;
+  Thinks that something ill has happened
+  To her hero in Pohyola.
+  Sad, indeed, the mother's anguish,
+  As in vain she waits his coming,
+  As in vain she asks the question,
+  Where her daring son is roaming,
+  Whether to the fir-tree mountain,
+  Whether to the distant heath-land,
+  Or upon the broad-sea's ridges,
+  On the floods and rolling waters,
+  To the war's contending armies,
+  To the heat and din of battle,
+  Steeped in blood of valiant heroes,
+  Evidence of fatal warfare.
+  Daily does the wife Kyllikki
+  Look about her vacant chamber,
+  In the home of Lemminkainen,
+  At the court of Kaukomieli;
+  Looks at evening, looks at morning,
+  Looks, perchance, upon his hair-brush,
+  Sees alas! the blood-drops oozing,
+  Oozing from the golden bristles,
+  And the blood-drops, scarlet-colored.
+  Then the beauteous wife, Kyllikki,
+  Spake these words in deeps of anguish:
+  "Dead or wounded is my husband,
+  Or at best is filled with trouble,
+  Lost perhaps in Northland forests,
+  In some glen unknown to heroes,
+  Since alas! the blood is flowing
+  From the brush of Lemminkainen,
+  Red drops oozing from the bristles."
+  Thereupon the anxious mother
+  Looks upon the bleeding hair-brush
+  And begins this wail of anguish:
+  "Woe is me, my life hard-fated,
+  Woe is me, all joy departed!
+  For alas! my son and hero,
+  Valiant hero of the islands,
+  Son of trouble and misfortune!
+  Some sad fate has overtaken
+  My ill-fated Lemminkainen!
+  Blood is flowing from his hair-brush,
+  Oozing from its golden bristles,
+  And the drops are scarlet-colored."
+  Quick her garment's hem she clutches,
+  On her arm she throws her long-robes,
+  Fleetly flies upon her journey;
+  With her might she hastens northward,
+  Mountains tremble from her footsteps,
+  Valleys rise and heights are lowered,
+  Highlands soon become as lowlands,
+  All the hills and valleys levelled.
+  Soon she gains the Northland village,
+  Quickly asks about her hero,
+  These the words the mother utters:
+  "O thou hostess of Pohyola,
+  Where hast thou my Lemminkainen?
+  Tell me of my son and hero!"
+  Louhi, hostess of the Northland,
+  Gives this answer to the mother:
+  "Nothing know I of thy hero,
+  Of the hero of the islands;
+  Where thy son may be I know not,
+  Cannot lend the information;
+  Once I gave thy son a courser,
+  Hitched the racer to his snow-sledge,
+  This the last of Lemminkainen;
+  May perchance be drowned in Wuhne,
+  Frozen In the icy ocean,
+  Fallen prey to wolves in hunger,
+  In a bear's den may have perished."
+  Lemminkainen's mother answers:
+  "Thou art only speaking falsehoods,
+  Northland wolves cannot devour us,
+  Nor the bears kill Kaukomieli;
+  He can slay the wolves of Pohya
+  With the fingers of his left hand;
+  Bears of Northland he would silence
+  With the magic of his singing.
+  "Hostess of Pohyola, tell me
+  Whither thou hast sent my hero;
+  I shall burst thy many garners,
+  Shall destroy the magic Sampo,
+  If thou dost not tell me truly
+  Where to find my Lemminkainen."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "I have well thy hero treated,
+  Well my court has entertained him,
+  Gave him of my rarest viands,
+  Fed him at my well-filled tables,
+  Placed him in a boat of copper,
+  Thus to float adown the current,
+  This the last of Lemminkainen;
+  Cannot tell where he has wandered.
+  Whether in the foam of waters,
+  Whether in the boiling torrent,
+  Whether in the drowning whirlpool."
+  Lemminkainen's mother answers:
+  Thou again art speaking falsely;
+  Tell me now the truth I pray thee,
+  Make an end of thy deception,
+  Where is now my Lemminkainen,
+  Whither hast thou sent my hero,
+  Young and daring son of Kalew?
+  If a third time thou deceivest,
+  I will send thee plagues, unnumbered,
+  I will send thee fell destruction,
+  Certain death will overtake thee."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "This the third time that I answer,
+  This the truth that I shall tell thee:
+  I have sent the Kalew-hero
+  To the Hisi-fields and forests,
+  There to hunt the moose of Lempo;
+  Sent him then to catch the fire-horse,
+  Catch the fire-expiring stallion,
+  On the distant plains of Juutas,
+  In the realm of cruel Hisi.
+  Then I sent him to the Death-stream,
+  In the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  With his bow and but one arrow,
+  There to shoot the swan as dowry
+  For my best and fairest daughter;
+  Have not heard about thy hero
+  Since he left for Tuonela;
+  May in misery have fallen,
+  May have perished in Manala;
+  Has not come to ask my daughter,
+  Has not come to woo the maiden,
+  Since he left to hunt the death-swan."
+  Now the mother seeks her lost one,
+  For her son she weeps and trembles,
+  Like the wolf she bounds through fenlands,
+  Like the bear, through forest thickets,
+  Like the wild-boar, through the marshes,
+  Like the hare, along the sea-coast,
+  To the sea-point, like the hedgehog
+  Like the wild-duck swims the waters,
+  Casts the rubbish from her pathway,
+  Tramples down opposing brush-wood,
+  Stops at nothing in her journey
+  Seeks a long time for her hero,
+  Seeks, and seeks, and does not find him.
+  Now she asks the trees the question,
+  And the forest gives this answer:
+  "We have care enough already,
+  Cannot think about thy matters;
+  Cruel fates have we to battle,
+  Pitiful our own misfortunes!
+  We are felled and chopped in pieces,
+  Cut in blocks for hero-fancy,
+  We are burned to death as fuel,
+  No one cares how much we suffer."
+  Now again the mother wanders,
+  Seeks again her long-lost hero,
+  Seeks, and seeks, and does not find him.
+  Paths arise and come to meet her,
+  And she questions thus the pathways:
+  "Paths of hope that God has fashioned,
+  Have ye seen my Lemminkainen,
+  Has my son and golden hero
+  Travelled through thy many kingdoms?"
+  Sad, the many pathways answer:
+  "We ourselves have cares sufficient,
+  Cannot watch thy son and hero,
+  Wretched are the lives of pathways,
+  Deep indeed our own misfortunes;
+  We are trodden by, the red-deer,
+  By the wolves, and bears, and roebucks,
+  Driven o'er by heavy cart-wheels,
+  By the feet of dogs are trodden,
+  Trodden under foot of heroes,
+  Foot-paths for contending armies."
+  Seeks again the frantic mother,
+  Seeks her long-lost son and hero,
+  Seeks, and seeks, and does not find him;
+  Finds the Moon within her orbit,
+  Asks the Moon in pleading measures:
+  "Golden Moon, whom God has stationed
+  In the heavens, the Sun's companion,
+  Hast thou seen my Kaukomieli,
+  Hast thou seen my silver apple,
+  Anywhere in thy dominions? "
+  Thus the golden Moon makes answer:
+  "I have trouble all-sufficient,
+  Cannot watch thy daring hero;
+  Long the journey I must travel,
+  Sad the fate to me befallen,
+  Pitiful mine own misfortunes,
+  All alone the nights to wander,
+  Shine alone without a respite,
+  In the winter ever watching,
+  In the summer sink and perish."
+  Still the mother seeks, and wanders,
+  Seeks, and does not find her hero,
+  Sees the Sun in the horizon,
+  And the mother thus entreats him:
+  Silver Sun, whom God has fashioned,
+  Thou that giveth warmth and comfort,
+  Hast thou lately seen my hero,
+  Hast thou seen my Lemminkainen,
+  Wandering in thy dominions?"
+  Thus the Sun in kindness answers:
+  "Surely has thy hero perished,
+  To ingratitude a victim;
+  Lemminkainen died and vanished
+  In Tuoni's fatal river,
+  In the waters of Manala,
+  In the sacred stream and whirlpool,
+  In the cataract and rapids,
+  Sank within the drowning current
+  To the realm of Tuonela,
+  To Manala's lower regions."
+  Lemminkainen's mother weeping,
+  Wailing in the deeps of anguish,
+  Mourns the fate of Kaukomieli,
+  Hastens to the Northland smithy,
+  To the forge of Ilmarinen,
+  These the words the mother utters:
+  "Ilmarinen, metal-artist,
+  Thou that long ago wert forging,
+  Forging earth a concave cover,
+  Yesterday wert forging wonders,
+  Forge thou now, immortal blacksmith,
+  Forge a rake with shaft of copper,
+  Forge the teeth of strongest metal,
+  Teeth in length a hundred fathoms,
+  And five hundred long the handle."
+  Ilmarinen does as bidden,
+  Makes the rake in full perfection.
+  Lemminkainen's anxious mother
+  Takes the magic rake and hastens
+  To the river of Tuoni,
+  Praying to the Sun as follows:
+  "Thou, O Sun, by God created,
+  Thou that shinest on thy Maker,
+  Shine for me in heat of magic,
+  Give me warmth, and strength, and courage,
+  Shine a third time full of power,
+  Lull to sleep the wicked people,
+  Still the people of Manala,
+  Quiet all Tuoni's empire."
+  Thereupon the sun of Ukko,
+  Dearest child of the Creator,
+  Flying through the groves of Northland,
+  Sitting on a curving birch-tree,
+  Shines a little while in ardor,
+  Shines again in greater fervor,
+  Shines a third time full of power,
+  Lulls to sleep the wicked people
+  In the Manala home and kingdom,
+  Still the heroes with their broadswords,
+  Makes the lancers halt and totter,
+  Stills the stoutest of the spearmen,
+  Quiets Tuoni's ghastly empire.
+  Now the Sun retires in magic,
+  Hovers here and there a moment
+  Over Tuoni's hapless sleepers,
+  Hastens upward to his station,
+  To his Jumala home and kingdom.
+  Lemminkainen's faithful mother
+  Takes the rake of magic metals,
+  Rakes the Tuoni river bottoms,
+  Rakes the cataract and whirlpool,
+  Rakes the swift and boiling current
+  Of the sacred stream of death-land,
+  In the Manala home and kingdom.
+  Searching for her long-lost hero,
+  Rakes a long time, finding nothing;
+  Now she wades the river deeper,
+  To her belt in mud and water,
+  Deeper, deeper, rakes the death-stream,
+  Rakes the river's deepest caverns,
+  Raking up and down the current,
+  Till at last she finds his tunic,
+  Heavy-hearted, finds his jacket;
+  Rakes again and rakes unceasing,
+  Finds the hero's shoes and stockings,
+  Sorely troubled, finds these relies;
+  Now she wades the river deeper,
+  Rakes the Manala shoals and shallows,
+  Rakes the deeps at every angle;
+  As she draws the rake the third time
+  From the Tuoni shores and waters,
+  In the rake she finds the body
+  Of her long-lost Lemminkainen,
+  In the metal teeth entangled,
+  In the rake with copper handle.
+  Thus the reckless Lemminkainen,
+  Thus the son of Kalevala,
+  Was recovered from the bottom
+  Of the Manala lake and river.
+  There were wanting many fragments,
+  Half the head, a hand, a fore-arm,
+  Many other smaller portions,
+  Life, above all else, was missing.
+  Then the mother, well reflecting,
+  Spake these words in bitter weeping:
+  "From these fragments, with my magic,
+  I will bring to life my hero."
+  Hearing this, the raven answered,
+  Spake these measures to the mother:
+  "There is not in these a hero,
+  Thou canst not revive these fragments;
+  Eels have fed upon his body,
+  On his eyes have fed the whiting;
+  Cast the dead upon the waters,
+  On the streams of Tuonela,
+  Let him there become a walrus,
+  Or a seal, or whale, or porpoise."
+  Lemminkainen's mother does not
+  Cast the dead upon the waters,
+  On the streams of Tuonela,
+  She again with hope and courage,
+  Rakes the river lengthwise, crosswise,
+  Through the Manala pools and caverns,
+  Rakes up half the head, a fore-arm,
+  Finds a hand and half the back-bone,
+  Many other smaller portions;
+  Shapes her son from all the fragments,
+  Shapes anew her Lemminkainen,
+  Flesh to flesh with skill she places,
+  Gives the bones their proper stations,
+  Binds one member to the other,
+  Joins the ends of severed vessels,
+  Counts the threads of all the venules,
+  Knits the parts in apposition;
+  Then this prayer the mother offers:
+  "Suonetar, thou slender virgin,
+  Goddess of the veins of heroes,
+  Skilful spinner of the vessels,
+  With thy slender, silver spindle,
+  With thy spinning-wheel of copper,
+  Set in frame of molten silver,
+  Come thou hither, thou art needed;
+  Bring the instruments for mending,
+  Firmly knit the veins together,
+  At the end join well the venules,
+  In the wounds that still are open,
+  In the members that are injured.
+  "Should this aid be inefficient;
+  There is living in the ether,
+  In a boat enriched with silver,
+  In a copper boat, a maiden,
+  That can bring to thee assistance.
+  Come, O maiden, from the ether,
+  Virgin from the belt of heaven,
+  Row throughout these veins, O maiden,
+  Row through all these lifeless members,
+  Through the channels of the long-bones,
+  Row through every form of tissue.
+  Set the vessels in their places,
+  Lay the heart in right position,
+  Make the pulses beat together,
+  Join the smallest of the veinlets,
+  And unite with skill the sinews.
+  Take thou now a slender needle,
+  Silken thread within its eyelet,
+  Ply the silver needle gently,
+  Sew with care the wounds together.
+  "Should this aid be inefficient,
+  Thou, O God, that knowest all things,
+  Come and give us thine assistance,
+  Harness thou thy fleetest racer
+  Call to aid thy strongest courser,
+  In thy scarlet sledge come swiftly,
+  Drive through all the bones and channels,
+  Drive throughout these lifeless tissues,
+  Drive thy courser through each vessel,
+  Bind the flesh and bones securely,
+  In the joints put finest silver,
+  Purest gold in all the fissures.
+  "Where the skin is broken open,
+  Where the veins are torn asunder,
+  Mend these injuries with magic;
+  Where the blood has left the body,
+  There make new blood flow abundant;
+  Where the bones are rudely broken,
+  Set the parts in full perfection;
+  Where the flesh is bruised and loosened,
+  Touch the wounds with magic balsam,
+  Do not leave a part imperfect;
+  Bone, and vein, and nerve, and sinew,
+  Heart, and brain, and gland, and vessel,
+  Heal as Thou alone canst heal them."
+  These the means the mother uses,
+  Thus she joins the lifeless members,
+  Thus she heals the death-like tissues,
+  Thus restores her son and hero
+  To his former life and likeness;
+  All his veins are knit together,
+  All their ends are firmly fastened,
+  All the parts in apposition,
+  Life returns, but speech is wanting,
+  Deaf and dumb, and blind, and senseless.
+  Now the mother speaks as follows:
+  "Where may I procure the balsam,
+  Where the drops of magic honey,
+  To anoint my son and hero,
+  Thus to heal my Lemminkainen,
+  That again his month may open,
+  May again begin his singing,
+  Speak again in words of wonder,
+  Sing again his incantations?
+  "Tiny bee, thou honey-birdling,
+  Lord of all the forest flowers,
+  Fly away and gather honey,
+  Bring to me the forest-sweetness,
+  Found in Metsola's rich gardens,
+  And in Tapio's fragrant meadows,
+  From the petals of the flowers,
+  From the blooming herbs and grasses,
+  Thus to heal my hero's anguish,
+  Thus to heal his wounds of evil."
+  Thereupon the honey-birdling
+  Flies away on wings of swiftness,
+  Into Metsola's rich gardens,
+  Into Tapio's flowery meadows,
+  Gathers sweetness from the meadows,
+  With the tongue distills the honey
+  From the cups of seven flowers,
+  From the bloom of countless grasses;
+  Quick from Metsola returning,
+  Flying, humming darting onward,
+  With his winglets honey-laden,
+  With the store of sweetest odors,
+  To the mother brings the balsam.
+  Lemminkainen's anxious mother
+  Takes the balm of magic virtues,
+  And anoints the injured hero,
+  Heals his wounds and stills his anguish;
+  But the balm is inefficient,
+  For her son is deaf and speechless.
+  Then again out-speaks the mother:
+  Lemminkainen's Restoration.
+  "Little bee, my honey-birdling,
+  Fly away in one direction,
+  Fly across the seven oceans,
+  In the eighth, a magic island,
+  Where the honey is enchanted,
+  To the distant Turi-castles,
+  To the chambers of Palwoinen;
+  There the honey is effective,
+  There, the wonder-working balsam,
+  This may heal the wounded hero;
+  Bring me of this magic ointment,
+  That I may anoint his eyelids,
+  May restore his injured senses."
+  Thereupon the honey-birdling
+  Flew away o'er seven oceans,
+  To the old enchanted island;
+  Flies one day, and then a second,
+  On the verdure does not settle,
+  Does not rest upon the flowers;
+  Flies a third day, fleetly onward,
+  Till a third day evening brings him
+  To the island in the ocean,
+  To the meadows rich in honey,
+  To the cataract and fire-flow,
+  To the sacred stream and whirlpool.
+  There the honey was preparing,
+  There the magic balm distilling
+  In the tiny earthen vessels,
+  In the burnished copper kettles,
+  Smaller than a maiden's thimble,
+  Smaller than the tips of fingers.
+  Faithfully the busy insect
+  Gathers the enchanted honey
+  From the magic Turi-cuplets
+  In the chambers of Palwoinen.
+  Time had gone but little distance,
+  Ere the bee came loudly humming
+  Flying fleetly, honey-laden;
+  In his arms were seven vessels,
+  Seven, the vessels on each shoulder;
+  All were filled with honey-balsam,
+  With the balm of magic virtues.
+  Lemminkainen's tireless mother
+  Quick anoints her speechless hero,
+  With the magic Turi-balsam,
+  With the balm of seven virtues;
+  Nine the times that she anoints him
+  With the honey of Palwoinen,
+  With the wonder-working balsam;
+  But the balm is inefficient,
+  For the hero still is speechless.
+  Then again out-speaks the mother:
+  "Honey-bee, thou ether birdling,
+  Fly a third time on thy journey,
+  Fly away to high Jumala,
+  Fly thou to the seventh heaven,
+  Honey there thou'lt find abundant,
+  Balsam of the highest virtue,
+  Only used by the Creator,
+  Only made from the breath of Ukko.
+  God anoints his faithful children,
+  With the honey of his wisdom,
+  When they feel the pangs of sorrow,
+  When they meet the powers of evil.
+  Dip thy winglets in this honey,
+  Steep thy plumage in His sweetness,
+  Hither bring the all-sufficient
+  Balsam of the great Creator;
+  This will still my hero's anguish,
+  This will heal his wounded tissues,
+  This restore his long-lost vision,
+  Make the Northland hills re-echo
+  With the magic of his singing,
+  With his wonderful enchantment."
+  Thus the honey-bee made answer:
+  "I can never fly to heaven,
+  To the seventh of the heavens,
+  To the distant home of Ukko,
+  With these wings of little virtue."
+  Lemminkainen's mother answered:
+  "Thou canst surely fly to heaven,
+  To the seventh of the heavens,
+  O'er the Moon, beneath the sunshine,
+  Through the dim and distant starlight.
+  On the first day, flying upward,
+  Thou wilt near the Moon in heaven,
+  Fan the brow of Kootamoinen;
+  On the second thou canst rest thee
+  On the shoulders of Otava;
+  On the third day, flying higher,
+  Rest upon the seven starlets,
+  On the heads of Hetewane;
+  Short the journey that is left thee,
+  Inconsiderable the distance
+  To the home of mighty Ukko,
+  To the dwellings of the blessed."
+  Thereupon the bee arising,
+  From the earth flies swiftly upward,
+  Hastens on with graceful motion,
+  By his tiny wings borne heavenward,
+  In the paths of golden moonbeams,
+  Touches on the Moon's bright borders,
+  Fans the brow of Kootamoinen,
+  Rests upon Otava's shoulders,
+  Hastens to the seven starlets.,
+  To the heads of Hetewane,
+  Flies to the Creator's castle,
+  To the home of generous Ukko,
+  Finds the remedy preparing,
+  Finds the balm of life distilling,
+  In the silver-tinted caldrons,
+  In the purest golden kettles;
+  On one side, heart-easing honey,
+  On a second, balm of joyance,
+  On the third, life-giving balsam.
+  Here the magic bee, selecting,
+  Culls the sweet, life-giving balsam,
+  Gathers too, heart-easing honey,
+  Heavy-laden hastens homeward.
+  Time had traveled little distance,
+  Ere the busy bee came humming
+  To the anxious mother waiting,
+  In his arms a hundred cuplets,
+  And a thousand other vessels,
+  Filled with honey, filled with balsam,
+  Filled with the balm of the Creator.
+  Lemminkainen's mother quickly
+  Takes them on her, tongue and tests them,
+  Finds a balsam all-sufficient.
+  Then the mother spake as follows:
+  "I have found the long-sought balsam,
+  Found the remedy of Ukko,
+  Where-with God anoints his people,
+  Gives them life, and faith, and wisdom,
+  Heals their wounds and stills their anguish,
+  Makes them strong against temptation,
+  Guards them from the evil-doers."
+  Now the mother well anointing,
+  Heals her son, the magic singer,
+  Eyes, and ears, and tongue, and temples,
+  Breaks, and cuts, and seams, anointing,
+  Touching well the life-blood centres,
+  Speaks these words of magic import
+  To the sleeping Lemminkainen:
+  "Wake, arise from out thy slumber,
+  From the worst of low conditions,
+  From thy state of dire misfortune!"
+  Slowly wakes the son and hero,
+  Rises from the depths of slumber,
+  Speaks again in magic accents,
+  These the first words of the singer:
+  "Long, indeed, have I been sleeping,
+  Long unconscious of existence,
+  But my sleep was full of sweetness,
+  Sweet the sleep in Tuonela,
+  Knowing neither joy nor sorrow!"
+  This the answer of his mother:
+  "Longer still thou wouldst have slumbered,
+  Were it not for me, thy, mother;
+  Tell me now, my son beloved,
+  Tell me that I well may hear thee,
+  Who enticed thee to Manala,
+  To the river of Tuoni,
+  To the fatal stream and whirlpool?"
+  Then the hero, Lemminkainen,
+  Gave this answer to his mother:
+  "Nasshut, the decrepit shepherd
+  Of the flocks of Sariola,
+  Blind, and halt, and poor, and wretched,
+  And to whom I did a favor;
+  From the slumber-land of envy
+  Nasshut sent me to Manala,
+  To the river of Tuoni;
+  Sent a serpent from the waters,
+  Sent an adder from the death-stream,
+  Through the heart of Lemminkainen;
+  Did not recognize the serpent,
+  Could not speak the serpent-language,
+  Did not know the sting of adders."
+  Spake again the ancient mother:
+  "O thou son of little insight,
+  Senseless hero, fool-magician,
+  Thou didst boast betimes thy magic
+  To enchant the wise enchanters,
+  On the dismal shores of Lapland,
+  Thou didst think to banish heroes,
+  From the borders of Pohyola;
+  Didst not know the sting of serpents,
+  Didst not know the reed of waters,
+  Nor the magic word-protector!
+  Learn the origin of serpents,
+  Whence the poison of the adder.
+  "In the floods was born the serpent,
+  From the marrow of the gray-duck,
+  From the brain of ocean-swallows;
+  Suoyatar had made saliva,
+  Cast it on the waves of ocean,
+  Currents drove it outward, onward,
+  Softly shone the sun upon it,
+  By the winds 'twas gently cradled,
+  Gently nursed by winds and waters,
+  By the waves was driven shoreward,
+  Landed by the surging billows.
+  Thus the serpent, thing of evil,
+  Filling all the world with trouble,
+  Was created in the waters
+  Born from Suoyatar, its maker."
+  Then the mother of the hero
+  Rocked her son to rest and comfort,
+  Rocked him to his former being,
+  To his former life and spirit,
+  Into greater magic powers;
+  Wiser, handsomer than ever
+  Grew the hero of the islands;
+  But his heart was full of trouble,
+  And his mother, ever watchful,
+  Asked the cause of his dejection.
+  This is Lemminkainen's answer:
+  "This the cause of all my sorrow;
+  Far away my heart is roaming,
+  All my thoughts forever wander
+  To the Northland's blooming virgins,
+  To the maids of braided tresses.
+  Northland's ugly hostess, Louhi,
+  Will not give to me her daughter,
+  Fairest maiden of Pohyola,
+  Till I kill the swan of Mana,
+  With my bow and but one arrow,
+  In the river of Tuoni.
+  Lemminkainen's mother answers,
+  In the sacred stream and whirlpool.
+  "Let the swan swim on in safety,
+  Give the water-bird his freedom,
+  In the river of Manala,
+  In the whirlpool of Tuoni;
+  Leave the maiden in the Northland.,
+  With her charms and fading beauty;
+  With thy fond and faithful mother,
+  Go at once to Kalevala,
+  To thy native fields and fallows.
+  Praise thy fortune, all sufficient,
+  Praise, above all else, thy Maker.
+  Ukko gave thee aid when needed,
+  Thou wert saved by thy Creator,
+  From thy long and hopeless slumber,
+  In the waters of Tuoni,
+  In the chambers of Manala.
+  I unaided could not save thee,
+  Could not give the least assistance;
+  God alone, omniscient Ukko,
+  First and last of the creators,
+  Can revive the dead and dying,
+  Can protect his worthy people
+  From the waters of Manala, .
+  From the fatal stream and whirlpool,
+  In the kingdom of Tuoni."
+  Lemminkainen, filled with wisdom,
+  With his fond and faithful mother,
+  Hastened straightway on his journey
+  To his distant home and kindred,
+  To the Wainola fields and meadows,
+  To the plains of Kalevala.
+  * * * * *
+  Here I leave my Kaukomieli,
+  Leave my hero Lemminkainen,
+  Long I leave him from my singing,
+  Turn my song to other heroes,
+  Send it forth on other pathways,
+  Sing some other golden legend.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XVI.
+
+
+
+  WAINAMOINEN'S BOAT-BUILDING.
+
+
+  Wainamoinen, ancient minstrel,
+  The eternal wisdom-singer,
+  For his boat was working lumber,
+  Working long upon his vessel,
+  On a fog-point jutting seaward,
+  On an island, forest-covered;
+  But the lumber failed the master,
+  Beams were wanting for his vessel,
+  Beams and scantling, ribs and flooring.
+  Who will find for him the lumber,
+  Who procure the timber needed
+  For the boat of Wainamoinen,
+  For the bottom of his vessel?
+  Pellerwoinen of the prairies,
+  Sampsa, slender-grown and ancient,
+  He will seek the needful timber,
+  He procure the beams of oak-wood
+  For the boat of Wainamoinen,
+  For the bottom of his vessel.
+  Soon he starts upon his journey
+  To the eastern fields and forests,
+  Hunts throughout the Northland mountain
+  To a second mountain wanders,
+  To a third he hastens, searching,
+  Golden axe upon his shoulder,
+  In his hand a copper hatchet.
+  Comes an aspen-tree to meet him
+  Of the height of seven fathoms.
+  Sampsa takes his axe of copper,
+  Starts to fell the stately aspen,
+  But the aspen quickly halting,
+  Speaks these words to Pellerwoinen:
+  "Tell me, hero, what thou wishest,
+  What the service thou art needing?"
+  Sampsa Pellerwoinen answers:
+  "This indeed, the needed service
+  That I ask of thee, O aspen:
+  Need thy lumber for a vessel,
+  For the boat of Wainamoinen,
+  Wisest of the wisdom-singers."
+  Quick and wisely speaks the aspen,
+  Thus its hundred branches answer:
+  "All the boats that have been fashioned
+  From my wood have proved but failures;
+  Such a vessel floats a distance,
+  Then it sinks upon the bottom
+  Of the waters it should travel.
+  All my trunk is filled with hollows,
+  Three times in the summer seasons
+  Worms devour my stem and branches,
+  Feed upon my heart and tissues."
+  Pellerwoinen leaves the aspen,
+  Hunts again through all the forest,
+  Wanders through the woods of Northland,
+  Where a pine-tree comes to meet him,
+  Of the height of fourteen fathoms.
+  With his axe he chops the pine-tree,
+  Strikes it with his axe of copper,
+  As he asks the pine this question:
+  "Will thy trunk give worthy timber
+  For the boat of Wainamoinen,
+  Wisest of the wisdom-singers?"
+  Loudly does the pine-tree answer:
+  "All the ships that have been fashioned
+  From my body are unworthy;
+  I am full of imperfections,
+  Cannot give thee needed timber
+  Wherewithal to build thy vessel;
+  Ravens live within ray branches,
+  Build their nests and hatch their younglings
+  Three times in my trunk in summer."
+  Sampsa leaves the lofty pine-tree,
+  Wanders onward, onward, onward,
+  To the woods of gladsome summer,
+  Where an oak-tree comes to meet him,
+  In circumference, three fathoms,
+  And the oak he thus addresses:
+  "Ancient oak-tree, will thy body
+  Furnish wood to build a vessel,
+  Build a boat for Wainamoinen,
+  Master-boat for the magician,
+  Wisest of the wisdom-singers?"
+  Thus the oak replies to Sampsa:
+  "I for thee will gladly furnish
+  Wood to build the hero's vessel;
+  I am tall, and sound, and hardy,
+  Have no flaws within my body;
+  Three times in the months of summer,
+  In the warmest of the seasons,
+  Does the sun dwell in my tree-top,
+  On my trunk the moonlight glimmers,
+  In my branches sings the cuckoo,
+  In my top her nestlings slumber."
+  Now the ancient Pellerwoinen
+  Takes the hatchet from his shoulder,
+  Takes his axe with copper handle,
+  Chops the body of the oak-tree;
+  Well he knows the art of chopping.
+  Soon he fells the tree majestic,
+  Fells the mighty forest-monarch,
+  With his magic axe and power.
+  From the stems he lops the branches,
+  Splits the trunk in many pieces,
+  Fashions lumber for the bottom,
+  Countless boards, and ribs, and braces,
+  For the singer's magic vessel,
+  For the boat of the magician.
+  Wainamoinen, old and skilful,
+  The eternal wonder-worker,
+  Builds his vessel with enchantment,
+  Builds his boat by art of magic,
+  From the timber of the oak-tree,
+  From its posts, and planks, and flooring.
+  Sings a song, and joins the frame-work;
+  Sings a second, sets the siding;
+  Sings a third time, sets the row-locks;
+  Fashions oars, and ribs, and rudder,
+  Joins the sides and ribs together.
+  When the ribs were firmly fastened,
+  When the sides were tightly jointed,
+  Then alas! three words were wanting,
+  Lost the words of master-magic,
+  How to fasten in the ledges,
+  How the stern should be completed,
+  How complete the boat's forecastle.
+  Then the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Wise and wonderful enchanter,
+  Heavy-hearted spake as follows:
+  "Woe is me, my life hard-fated!
+  Never will this magic vessel
+  Pass in safety o'er the water,
+  Never ride the rough sea-billows."
+  Then he thought and long considered,
+  Where to find these words of magic,
+  Find the lost-words of the Master:
+  "From the brains of countless swallows,
+  From the heads of swans in dying,
+  From the plumage of the gray-duck?"
+  For these words the hero searches,
+  Kills of swans a goodly number,
+  Kills a flock of fattened gray-duck,
+  Kills of swallows countless numbers,
+  Cannot find the words of magic,
+  Not the lost-words of the Master.
+  Wainamoinen, wisdom-singer,
+  Still reflected and debated:
+  "I perchance may find the lost-words
+  On the tongue of summer-reindeer,
+  In the mouth of the white squirrel."
+  Now again he hunts the lost-words,
+  Hastes to find the magic sayings,
+  Kills a countless host of reindeer,
+  Kills a rafterful of squirrels,
+  Finds of words a goodly number,
+  But they are of little value,
+  Cannot find the magic lost-word.
+  Long he thought and well considered:
+  "I can find of words a hundred
+  In the dwellings of Tuoni,
+  In the Manala fields and castles."
+  Wainamoinen quickly journeys
+  To the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  There to find the ancient wisdom,
+  There to learn the secret doctrine;
+  Hastens on through fen and forest,
+  Over meads and over marshes,
+  Through the ever-rising woodlands,
+  Journeys one week through the brambles,
+  And a second through the hazels,
+  Through the junipers the third week,
+  When appear Tuoni's islands,
+  And the Manala fields and castles.
+  Wainamoinen, brave and ancient,
+  Calls aloud in tones of thunder,
+  To the Tuonela deeps and dungeons,
+  And to Manala's magic castle:
+  "Bring a boat, Tuoni's daughter,
+  Bring a ferry-boat, O maiden,
+  That may bear me o'er this channel,
+  O'er this black and fatal river."
+  Quick the daughter of Tuoni,
+  Magic maid of little stature,
+  Tiny virgin of Manala,
+  Tiny washer of the linen,
+  Tiny cleaner of the dresses,
+  At the river of Tuoni,
+  In Manala's ancient castles,
+  Speaks these words to Wainamoinen,
+  Gives this answer to his calling:
+  "Straightway will I bring the row-boat,
+  When the reasons thou hast given
+  Why thou comest to Manala
+  In a hale and active body."
+  Wainamoinen, old and artful.,
+  Gives this answer to the maiden:
+  "I was brought here by Tuoni,
+  Mana raised me from the coffin."
+  Speaks the maiden of Manala:
+  "This a tale of wretched liars;
+  Had Tuoni brought thee hither,
+  Mana raised thee from the coffin,
+  Then Tuoni would be with thee,
+  Manalainen too would lead thee,
+  With Tuoni's hat upon thee,
+  On thy hands, the gloves of Mana;
+  Tell the truth now, Wainamoinen,
+  What has brought thee to Manala?"
+  Wainamoinen, artful hero,
+  Gives this answer, still finessing:
+  "Iron brought me to Manala,
+  To the kingdom of Tuoni."
+  Speaks the virgin of the death-land,
+  Mana's wise and tiny daughter:
+  "Well I know that this is falsehood,
+  Had the iron brought thee hither,
+  Brought thee to Tuoni's kingdom,
+  Blood would trickle from thy vesture,
+  And the blood-drops, scarlet-colored.
+  Speak the truth now, Wainamoinen,
+  This the third time that I ask thee."
+  Wainamoinen, little heeding,
+  Still finesses to the daughter:
+  "Water brought me to Manala,
+  To the kingdom of Tuoui."
+  This the tiny maiden's answer:
+  "Well I know thou speakest falsely;
+  If the waters of Manala,
+  If the cataract and whirlpool,
+  Or the waves had brought thee hither,
+  From thy robes the drops would trickle,
+  Water drip from all thy raiment.
+  Tell the truth and I will serve thee,
+  What has brought thee to Manala?"
+  Then the wilful Wainamoinen
+  Told this falsehood to the maiden:
+  "Fire has brought me to Manala,
+  To the kingdom of Tuoni."
+  Spake again Tuoni's daughter:
+  "Well I know the voice of falsehood.
+  If the fire had brought thee hither,
+  Brought thee to Tuoni's empire,
+  Singed would be thy locks and eyebrows,
+  And thy beard be crisped and tangled.
+  O, thou foolish Wainamoinen,
+  If I row thee o'er the ferry,
+  Thou must speak the truth in answer,
+  This the last time I will ask thee;
+  Make an end of thy deception.
+  What has brought thee to Manala,
+  Still unharmed by pain or sickness,
+  Still untouched by Death's dark angel
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "At the first I spake, not truly,
+  Now I give thee rightful answer:
+  I a boat with ancient wisdom,
+  Fashioned with my powers of magic,
+  Sang one day and then a second,
+  Sang the third day until evening,
+  When I broke the magic main-spring,
+  Broke my magic sledge in pieces,
+  Of my song the fleetest runners;
+  Then I come to Mana's kingdom,
+  Came to borrow here a hatchet,
+  Thus to mend my sledge of magic,
+  Thus to join the parts together.
+  Send the boat now quickly over,
+  Send me, quick, Tuoni's row-boat,
+  Help me cross this fatal river,
+  Cross the channel of Manala."
+  Spake the daughter of Tuoni,
+  Mana's maiden thus replying:
+  "Thou art sure a stupid fellow,
+  Foresight wanting, judgment lacking,
+  Having neither wit nor wisdom,
+  Coming here without a reason,
+  Coming to Tuoni's empire;
+  Better far if thou shouldst journey
+  To thy distant home and kindred;
+  Man they that visit Mana,
+  Few return from Maria's kingdom."
+  Spake the good old Wainamoinen:
+  "Women old retreat from danger,
+  Not a man of any courage,
+  Not the weakest of the heroes.
+  Bring thy boat, Tuoni's daughter,
+  Tiny maiden of Manala,
+  Come and row me o'er the ferry."
+  Mana's daughter does as bidden,
+  Brings her boat to Wainamoinen,
+  Quickly rows him through the channel,
+  O'er the black and fatal river,
+  To the kingdom of Manala,
+  Speaks these words to the magician:
+  "Woe to thee! O Wainamoinen!
+  Wonderful indeed, thy magic,
+  Since thou comest to Manala,
+  Comest neither dead nor dying."
+  Tuonetar, the death-land hostess,
+  Ancient hostess of Tuoni,
+  Brings him pitchers filled with strong-beer,
+  Fills her massive golden goblets,
+  Speaks these measures to the stranger:
+  "Drink, thou ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Drink the beer of king Tuoni!"
+  Wainamoinen, wise and cautious,
+  Carefully inspects the liquor,
+  Looks a long time in the pitchers,
+  Sees the spawning of the black-frogs,
+  Sees the young of poison-serpents,
+  Lizards, worms, and writhing adders,
+  Thus addresses Tuonetar:
+  "Have not come with this intention,
+  Have not come to drink thy poisons,
+  Drink the beer of Tuonela;
+  Those that drink Tuoni's liquors,
+  Those that sip the cups of Mana,
+  Court the Devil and destruction,
+  End their lives in want and ruin."
+  Tuonetar makes this answer:
+  "Ancient minstrel, Wainamoinen,
+  Tell me what has brought thee hither,
+  Brought thee to the, realm of Mana,
+  To the courts of Tuonela,
+  Ere Tuoni sent his angels
+  To thy home in Kalevala,
+  There to cut thy magic life-thread."
+  Spake the singer, Wainamoinen:
+  "I was building me a vessel,
+  At my craft was working, singing,
+  Needed three words of the Master,
+  How to fasten in the ledges,
+  How the stern should be completed,
+  How complete the boat's forecastle.
+  This the reason of my coming
+  To the empire of Tuoni,
+  To the castles of Manala:
+  Came to learn these magic sayings,
+  Learn the lost-words of the Master."
+  Spake the hostess, Tuonetar:
+  "Mana never gives these sayings,
+  Canst not learn them from Tuoni,
+  Not the lost-words of the Master;
+  Thou shalt never leave this kingdom,
+  Never in thy magic life-time,
+  Never go to Kalevala,
+  To Wainola's peaceful meadows.
+  To thy distant home and country."
+  Quick the hostess, Tuonetar,
+  Waves her magic wand of slumber
+  O'er the head of Wainamoinen,
+  Puts to rest the wisdom-hero,
+  Lays him on the couch of Mana,
+  In the robes of living heroes,
+  Deep the sleep that settles o'er him.
+  In Manala lived a woman,
+  In the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  Evil witch and toothless wizard,
+  Spinner of the threads of iron,
+  Moulder of the bands of copper,
+  Weaver of a hundred fish-nets,
+  Of a thousand nets of copper,
+  Spinning in the days of summer,
+  Weaving in the winter evenings,
+  Seated on a rock in water.
+  In the kingdom of Tuoni
+  Lived a man, a wicked wizard,
+  Three the fingers of the hero,
+  Spinner he of iron meshes,
+  Maker too of nets of copper,
+  Countless were his nets of metal,
+  Moulded on a rock in water,
+  Through the many days of summer.
+  Mana's son with crooked fingers,
+  Iron-pointed, copper fingers,
+  Pulls of nets, at least a thousand,
+  Through the river of Tuoni,
+  Sets them lengthwise, sets them crosswise,
+  In the fatal, darksome river,
+  That the sleeping Wainamomen,
+  Friend and brother of the waters,
+  May not leave the isle of Mana,
+  Never in the course of ages,
+  Never leave the death-land castles,
+  Never while the moonlight glimmers
+  On the empire of Tuoni.
+  Wainamoinen, wise and wary,
+  Rising from his couch of slumber,
+  Speaks these words as he is waking:
+  "Is there not some mischief brewing,
+  Am I not at last in danger,
+  In the chambers of Tuoni,
+  In the Manala home and household?"
+  Quick he changes his complexion,
+  Changes too his form and feature,
+  Slips into another body;
+  Like a serpent in a circle,
+  Rolls black-dyed upon the waters;
+  Like a snake among the willows,
+  Crawls he like a worm of magic,
+  Like an adder through the grasses,
+  Through the coal-black stream of death-land,
+  Through a thousand nets of copper
+  Interlaced with threads of iron,
+  From the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  From the castles of Manala.
+  Mana's son, the wicked wizard,
+  With his iron-pointed fingers,
+  In the early morning hastens
+  To his thousand nets of copper,
+  Set within the Tuoni river,
+  Finds therein a countless number
+  Of the death-stream fish and serpents;
+  Does not find old Wainamoinen,
+  Wainamoinen, wise and wary,
+  Friend and fellow of the waters.
+  When the wonder-working hero
+  Had escaped from Tuonela,
+  Spake he thus in supplication:
+  "Gratitude to thee, O Ukko,
+  Do I bring for thy protection!
+  Never suffer other heroes,
+  Of thy heroes not the wisest,
+  To transgress the laws of nature;
+  Never let another singer,
+  While he lives within the body,
+  Cross the river of Tuoni,
+  As thou lovest thy creations.
+  Many heroes cross the channel,
+  Cross the fatal stream of Mana,
+  Few return to tell the story,
+  Few return from Tuonela,
+  From Manala's courts and castles."
+  Wainamoinen calls his people,
+  On the plains of Kalevala,
+  Speaks these words of ancient wisdom,
+  To the young men, to the maidens,
+  To the rising generation:
+  "Every child of Northland, listen:
+  If thou wishest joy eternal,
+  Never disobey thy parents,
+  Never evil treat the guiltless,
+  Never wrong the feeble-minded,
+  Never harm thy weakest fellow,
+  Never stain thy lips with falsehood,
+  Never cheat thy trusting neighbor,
+  Never injure thy companion,
+  Lest thou surely payest penance
+  In the kingdom of Tuoni,
+  In the prison of Manala;
+  There, the home of all the wicked,
+  There the couch of the unworthy,
+  There the chambers of the guilty.
+  Underneath Manala's fire-rock
+  Are their ever-flaming couches,
+  For their pillows hissing serpents,
+  Vipers green their writhing covers,
+  For their drink the blood of adders,
+  For their food the pangs of hunger,
+  Pain and agony their solace;
+  If thou wishest joy eternal,
+  Shun the kingdom of Tuoui!"
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XVII.
+
+
+
+  WAINAMOINEN FINDS THE LOST-WORD.
+
+
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  Did not learn the words of magic
+  In Tuoni's gloomy regions,
+  In the kingdom of Manala.
+  Thereupon he long debated,
+  Well considered, long reflected,
+  Where to find the magic sayings;
+  When a shepherd came to meet him,
+  Speaking thus to Wainamoinen:
+  "Thou canst find of words a hundred,
+  Find a thousand wisdom-sayings,
+  In the mouth of wise Wipunen,
+  In the body of the hero;
+  To the spot I know the foot-path,
+  To his tomb the magic highway,
+  Trodden by a host of heroes;
+  Long the distance thou must travel,
+  On the sharpened points of needles;
+  Then a long way thou must journey
+  On the edges of the broadswords;
+  Thirdly thou must travel farther
+  On the edges of the hatchets."
+  Wainamoinen, old and trustful,
+  Well considered all these journeys,
+  Travelled to the forge and smithy,
+  Thus addressed the metal-worker:
+  "Ilmarinen, worthy blacksmith,
+  Make a shoe for me of iron,
+  Forge me gloves of burnished copper,
+  Mold a staff of strongest metal,
+  Lay the steel upon the inside,
+  Forge within the might of magic;
+  I am going on a journey
+  To procure the magic sayings,
+  Find the lost-words of the Master,
+  From the mouth of the magician,
+  From the tongue of wise Wipunen."
+  Spake the artist, Ilmarinen:
+  "Long ago died wise Wipunen,
+  Disappeared these many ages,
+  Lays no more his snares of copper,
+  Sets no longer traps of iron,
+  Cannot learn from him the wisdom,
+  Cannot find in him the lost-words."
+  Wainamoinen, old and hopeful,
+  Little heeding, not discouraged,
+  In his metal shoes and armor,
+  Hastens forward on his journey,
+  Runs the first day fleetly onward,
+  On the sharpened points of needles;
+  'Wearily he strides the second,
+  On the edges of the broadswords
+  Swings himself the third day forward,
+  On the edges of the hatchets.
+  Wise Wipunen, wisdom-singer,
+  Ancient bard, and great magician,
+  With his magic songs lay yonder,
+  Stretched beside him, lay his sayings,
+  On his shoulder grew the aspen,
+  On each temple grew the birch-tree,
+  On his mighty chin the alder,
+  From his beard grew willow-bushes,
+  From his mouth the dark green fir-tree,
+  And the oak-tree from his forehead.
+  Wainamoinen, coming closer,
+  Draws his sword, lays bare his hatchet
+  From his magic leathern scabbard,
+  Fells the aspen from his shoulder,
+  Fells the birch-tree from his temples,
+  From his chin he fells the alder,
+  From his beard, the branching willows,
+  From his mouth the dark-green fir-tree,
+  Fells the oak-tree from his forehead.
+  Now he thrusts his staff of iron
+  Through the mouth of wise Wipunen,
+  Pries his mighty jaws asunder,
+  Speaks these words of master-magic:
+  "Rise, thou master of magicians,
+  From the sleep of Tuonela,
+  From thine everlasting slumber!"
+  Wise Wipunen, ancient singer,
+  Quickly wakens from his sleeping,
+  Keenly feels the pangs of torture,
+  From the cruel staff of iron;
+  Bites with mighty force the metal,
+  Bites in twain the softer iron,
+  Cannot bite the steel asunder,
+  Opens wide his mouth in anguish.
+  Wainamoinen of Wainola,
+  In his iron-shoes and armor,
+  Careless walking, headlong stumbles
+  In the spacious mouth and fauces
+  Of the magic bard, Wipunen.
+  Wise Wipunen, full of song-charms,
+  Opens wide his mouth and swallows
+  Wainamoinen and his magic,
+  Shoes, and staff, and iron armor.
+  Then outspeaks the wise Wipunen:
+  "Many things before I've eaten,
+  Dined on goat, and sheep, and reindeer,
+  Bear, and ox, and wolf, and wild-boar,
+  Never in my recollection,
+  Have I tasted sweeter morsels!"
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "Now I see the evil symbols,
+  See misfortune hanging o'er me,
+  In the darksome Hisi-hurdles,
+  In the catacombs of Kalma."
+  Wainamoinen long considered
+  How to live and how to prosper,
+  How to conquer this condition.
+  In his belt he wore a poniard,
+  With a handle hewn from birch-wood,
+  From the handle builds a vessel,
+  Builds a boat through magic science;
+  In this vessel rows he swiftly
+  Through the entrails of the hero,
+  Rows through every gland and vessel
+  Of the wisest of magicians.
+  Old Wipunen, master-singer,
+  Barely feels the hero's presence,
+  Gives no heed to Wainamoinen.
+  Then the artist of Wainola
+  Straightway sets himself to forging,
+  Sets at work to hammer metals;
+  Makes a smithy from his armor,
+  Of his sleeves he makes the bellows,
+  Makes the air-valve from his fur-coat,
+  From his stockings, makes the muzzle,
+  Uses knees instead of anvil,
+  Makes a hammer of his fore-arm;
+  Like the storm-wind roars the bellows,
+  Like the thunder rings the anvil;
+  Forges one day, then a second,
+  Forges till the third day closes,
+  In the body of Wipunen,
+  In the sorcerer's abdomen.
+  Old Wipunen, full of magic,
+  Speaks these words in wonder, guessing:
+  "Who art thou of ancient heroes,
+  Who of all the host of heroes?
+  Many heroes I have eaten,
+  And of men a countless number,
+  Have not eaten such as thou art;
+  Smoke arises from my nostrils,
+  From my mouth the fire is streaming,
+  In my throat are iron-clinkers.
+  "Go, thou monster, hence to wander,
+  Flee this place, thou plague of Northland,
+  Ere I go to seek thy mother,
+  Tell the ancient dame thy mischief;
+  She shall bear thine evil conduct,
+  Great the burden she shall carry;
+  Great a mother's pain and anguish,
+  When her child runs wild and lawless;
+  Cannot comprehend the meaning,
+  Nor this mystery unravel,
+  Why thou camest here, O monster,
+  Camest here to give me torture.
+  Art thou Hisi sent from heaven,
+  Some calamity from Ukko?
+  Art, perchance, some new creation,
+  Ordered here to do me evil?
+  If thou art some evil genius,
+  Some calamity from Ukko,
+  Sent to me by my Creator,
+  Then am I resigned to suffer
+  God does not forsake the worthy,
+  Does not ruin those that trust him,
+  Never are the good forsaken.
+  If by man thou wert created,
+  If some hero sent thee hither,
+  I shall learn thy race of evil,
+  Shall destroy thy wicked tribe-folk.
+  "Thence arose the violation,
+  Thence arose the first destruction,
+  Thence came all the evil-doings:
+  From the neighborhood of wizards,
+  From the homes of the magicians,
+  From the eaves of vicious spirits,
+  From the haunts of fortune-tellers,
+  From the cabins of the witches,
+  From the castles of Tuoni,
+  From the bottom of Manala,
+  From the ground with envy swollen,
+  From Ingratitude's dominions,
+  From the rocky shoals and quicksands,
+  From the marshes filled with danger,
+  From the cataract's commotion,
+  From the bear-caves in the mountains,
+  From the wolves within the thickets,
+  From the roarings of the pine-tree,
+  From the burrows of the fox-dog,
+  From the woodlands of the reindeer,
+  From the eaves and Hisi-hurdles,
+  From the battles of the giants,
+  From uncultivated pastures,
+  From the billows of the oceans,
+  From the streams of boiling waters,
+  From the waterfalls of Rutya,
+  From the limits of the storm-clouds,
+  From the pathways of the thunders,
+  From the flashings of the lightnings,
+  From the distant plains of Pohya,
+  From the fatal stream and whirlpool,
+  From the birthplace of Tuoni.
+  "Art thou coming from these places?
+  Hast thou, evil, hastened hither,
+  To the heart of sinless hero,
+  To devour my guiltless body,
+  To destroy this wisdom-singer?
+  Get thee hence, thou dog of Lempo,
+  Leave, thou monster from Manala,
+  Flee from mine immortal body,
+  Leave my liver, thing of evil,
+  In my body cease thy forging,
+  Cease this torture of my vitals,
+  Let me rest in peace and slumber.
+  "Should I want in means efficient,
+  Should I lack the magic power
+  To outroot thine evil genius,
+  I shall call a better hero,
+  Call upon a higher power,
+  To remove this dire misfortune,
+  To annihilate this monster.
+  I shall call the will of woman,
+  From the fields, the old-time heroes?
+  Mounted heroes from the sand-hills,
+  Thus to rescue me from danger,
+  From these pains and ceaseless tortures.
+  "If this force prove inefficient,
+  Should not drive thee from my body,
+  Come, thou forest, with thy heroes,
+  Come, ye junipers and pine-trees,
+  With your messengers of power,
+  Come, ye mountains, with your wood-nymphs,
+  Come, ye lakes, with all your mermaids,
+  Come, ye hundred ocean-spearmen,
+  Come, torment this son of Hisi,
+  Come and kill this evil monster.
+  "If this call is inefficient,
+  Does not drive thee from my vitals,
+  Rise, thou ancient water-mother,
+  With thy blue-cap from the ocean,
+  From the seas, the lakes, the rivers,
+  Bring protection to thy hero,
+  Comfort bring and full assistance,
+  That I guiltless may not suffer,
+  May not perish prematurely.
+  "Shouldst thou brave this invocation,
+  Kape, daughter of Creation,
+  Come, thou beauteous, golden maiden,
+  Oldest of the race of women,
+  Come and witness my misfortunes,
+  Come and turn away this evil,
+  Come, remove this biting torment,
+  Take away this plague of Piru.
+  "If this call be disregarded,
+  If thou wilt not leave me guiltless,
+  Ukko, on the arch of heaven,
+  In the thunder-cloud dominions,
+  Come thou quickly, thou art needed,
+  Come, protect thy tortured hero,
+  Drive away this magic demon,
+  Banish ever his enchantment,
+  With his sword and flaming furnace,
+  With his fire-enkindling bellows.
+  "Go, thou demon, hence to wander,
+  Flee, thou plague of Northland heroes;
+  Never come again for shelter,
+  Nevermore build thou thy dwelling
+  In the body of Wipunen;
+  Take at once thy habitation
+  To the regions of thy kindred,
+  To thy distant fields and firesides;
+  When thy journey thou hast ended,
+  Gained the borders of thy country,
+  Gained the meads of thy Creator,
+  Give a signal of thy coming,
+  Rumble like the peals of thunder,
+  Glisten like the gleam of lightning,
+  Knock upon the outer portals,
+  Enter through the open windows,
+  Glide about the many chambers,
+  Seize the host and seize the hostess,
+  Knock their evil beads together,
+  Wring their necks and hurl their bodies
+  To the black-dogs of the forest.
+  "Should this prove of little value,
+  Hover like the bird of battle,
+  O'er the dwellings of the master,
+  Scare the horses from the mangers,
+  From the troughs affright the cattle,
+  Twist their tails, and horns, and forelocks,
+  Hurl their carcasses to Lempo.
+  "If some scourge the winds have sent me,
+  Sent me on the air of spring-tide,
+  Brought me by the frosts of winter,
+  Quickly journey whence thou camest,
+  On the air-path of the heavens,
+  Perching not upon some aspen,
+  Resting not upon the birch-tree;
+  Fly away to copper mountains,
+  That the copper-winds may nurse thee,
+  Waves of ether, thy protection.
+  "Didst those come from high Jumala,
+  From the hems of ragged snow-clouds,
+  Quick ascend beyond the cloud-space,
+  Quickly journey whence thou camest,
+  To the snow-clouds, crystal-sprinkled,
+  To the twinkling stars of heaven
+  There thy fire may burn forever,
+  There may flash thy forked lightnings,
+  In the Sun's undying furnace.
+  "Wert thou sent here by the spring-floods,
+  Driven here by river-torrents?
+  Quickly journey whence thou camest,
+  Quickly hasten to the waters,
+  To the borders of the rivers,
+  To the ancient water-mountain,
+  That the floods again may rock thee,
+  And thy water-mother nurse thee.
+  "Didst thou come from Kalma's kingdom,
+  From the castles of the death-land?
+  Haste thou back to thine own country,
+  To the Kalma-halls and castles,
+  To the fields with envy swollen,
+  Where contending armies perish.
+  "Art thou from the Hisi-woodlands,
+  From ravines in Lempo's forest,
+  From the thickets of the pine-wood,
+  From the dwellings of the fir-glen?
+  Quick retrace thine evil footsteps
+  To the dwellings of thy master,
+  To the thickets of thy kindred;
+  There thou mayest dwell at pleasure,
+  Till thy house decays about thee,
+  Till thy walls shall mould and crumble.
+  Evil genius, thee I banish,
+  Got thee hence, thou horrid monster,
+  To the caverns of the white-bear,
+  To the deep abysm of serpents,
+  To the vales, and swamps, and fenlands,
+  To the ever-silent waters,
+  To the hot-springs of the mountains,
+  To the dead-seas of the Northland,
+  To the lifeless lakes and rivers,
+  To the sacred stream and whirlpool.
+  "Shouldst thou find no place of resting,
+  I will banish thee still farther,
+  To the Northland's distant borders,
+  To the broad expanse of Lapland,
+  To the ever-lifeless deserts,
+  To the unproductive prairies,
+  Sunless, moonless, starless, lifeless,
+  In the dark abyss of Northland;
+  This for thee, a place befitting,
+  Pitch thy tents and feast forever
+  On the dead plains of Pohyola.
+  "Shouldst thou find no means of living,
+  I will banish thee still farther,
+  To the cataract of Rutya,
+  To the fire-emitting whirlpool,
+  Where the firs are ever falling,
+  To the windfalls of the forest;
+  Swim hereafter in the waters
+  Of the fire-emitting whirlpool,
+  Whirl thou ever in the current
+  Of the cataract's commotion,
+  In its foam and boiling waters.
+  Should this place be unbefitting,
+  I will drive thee farther onward,
+  To Tuoni's coal-black river,
+  To the endless stream of Mana,
+  Where thou shalt forever linger;
+  Thou canst never leave Manala,
+  Should I not thy head deliver,
+  Should I never pay thy ransom;
+  Thou canst never safely journey
+  Through nine brother-rams abutting,
+  Through nine brother-bulls opposing
+  Through nine brother-stallions thwarting,
+  Thou canst not re-cross Death-river
+  Thickly set with iron netting,
+  Interlaced with threads of copper.
+  "Shouldst thou ask for steeds for saddle,
+  Shouldst thou need a fleet-foot courser,
+  I will give thee worthy racers,
+  I will give thee saddle-horses;
+  Evil Hisi has a charger,
+  Crimson mane, and tail, and foretop,
+  Fire emitting from his nostrils,
+  As he prances through his pastures;
+  Hoofs are made of strongest iron,
+  Legs are made of steel and copper,
+  Quickly scales the highest mountains,
+  Darts like lightning through the valleys,
+  When a skilful master rides him.
+  "Should this steed be insufficient,
+  I will give thee Lempo's snow-shoes,
+  Give thee Hisi's shoes of elm-wood,
+  Give to thee the staff of Piru,
+  That with these thou mayest journey
+  Into Hisi's courts and castles,
+  To the woods and fields of Juutas;
+  If the rocks should rise before thee,
+  Dash the flinty rocks in pieces,
+  Hurl the fragments to the heavens;
+  If the branches cross thy pathway,
+  Make them turn aside in greeting;
+  If some mighty hero hail thee,
+  Hurl him headlong to the woodlands.
+  "Hasten hence, thou thing of evil,
+  Heinous monster, leave my body,
+  Ere the breaking of the morning
+  Ere the Sun awakes from slumber,
+  Ere the sinning of the cuckoo;
+  Haste away, thou plague of Northland,
+  Haste along the track of' moonbeams,
+  Wander hence, forever wander,
+  To the darksome fields or Pohya.
+  "If at once thou dost not leave me,
+  I will send the eagle's talons,
+  Send to thee the beaks of vultures,
+  To devour thine evil body,
+  Hurl thy skeleton to Hisi.
+  Much more quickly cruel Lempo
+  Left my vitals when commanded,
+  When I called the aid of Ukko,
+  Called the help of my Creator.
+  Flee, thou motherless offendant,
+  Flee, thou fiend of Sariola,
+  Flee, thou hound without a master,
+  Ere the morning sun arises,
+  Ere the Moon withdraws to slumber!"
+  Wainamoinen, ancient hero,
+  Speaks at last to old Wipunen:
+  "Satisfied am I to linger
+  In these old and spacious caverns,
+  Pleasant here my home and dwelling;
+  For my meat I have thy tissues,
+  Have thy heart, and spleen, and liver,
+  For my drink the blood of ages,
+  Goodly home for Wainamoinen.
+  "I shall set my forge and bellows
+  Deeper, deeper in thy vitals;
+  I shall swing my heavy hammer,
+  Swing it with a greater power
+  On thy heart, and lungs, and liver;
+  I shall never, never leave thee
+  Till I learn thine incantations,
+  Learn thy many wisdom-sayings,
+  Learn the lost-words of the Master;
+  Never must these words be bidden,
+  Earth must never lose this wisdom,
+  Though the wisdom-singers perish."
+  Old Wipunen, wise magician,
+  Ancient prophet, filled with power,
+  Opens fall his store of knowledge,
+  Lifts the covers from his cases,
+  Filled with old-time incantations,
+  Filled with songs of times primeval,
+  Filled with ancient wit and wisdom;
+  Sings the very oldest folk-songs,
+  Sings the origin of witchcraft,
+  Sings of Earth and its beginning
+  Sings the first of all creations,
+  Sings the source of good and evil
+  Sung alas! by youth no longer,
+  Only sung in part by heroes
+  In these days of sin and sorrow.
+  Evil days our land befallen.
+  Sings the orders of enchantment.
+  How, upon the will of Ukko,
+  By command of the Creator,
+  How the air was first divided,
+  How the water came from ether,
+  How the earth arose from water,
+  How from earth came vegetation,
+  Fish, and fowl, and man, and hero.
+  Sings again the wise Wipunen,
+  How the Moon was first created,
+  How the Sun was set in heaven,
+  Whence the colors of the rainbow,
+  Whence the ether's crystal pillars,
+  How the skies with stars were sprinkled.
+  Then again sings wise Wipunen,
+  Sings in miracles of concord,
+  Sings in magic tones of wisdom,
+  Never was there heard such singing;
+  Songs he sings in countless numbers,
+  Swift his notes as tongues of serpents,
+  All the distant hills re-echo;
+  Sings one day, and then a second,
+  Sings a third from dawn till evening,
+  Sings from evening till the morning;
+  Listen all the stars of heaven,
+  And the Moon stands still and listens
+  Fall the waves upon the deep-sea,
+  In the bay the tides cease rising,
+  Stop the rivers in their courses,
+  Stops the waterfall of Rutya,
+  Even Jordan ceases flowing,
+  And the Wuoksen stops and listens.
+  When the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Well had learned the magic sayings,
+  Learned the ancient songs and legends,
+  Learned the words of ancient wisdom,
+  Learned the lost-words of the Master,
+  Well had learned the secret doctrine,
+  He prepared to leave the body
+  Of the wisdom-bard, Wipunen,
+  Leave the bosom of the master,
+  Leave the wonderful enchanter.
+  Spake the hero, Wainamoinen:
+  "O, thou Antero Wipunen,
+  Open wide thy mouth and fauces,
+  I have found the magic lost-words,
+  I will leave thee now forever,
+  Leave thee and thy wondrous singing,
+  Will return to Kalevala,
+  To Wainola's fields and firesides."
+  Thus Wipunen spake in answer:
+  "Many are the things I've eaten,
+  Eaten bear, and elk, and reindeer,
+  Eaten ox, and wolf, and wild-boar,
+  Eaten man, and eaten hero,
+  Never, never have I eaten
+  Such a thing as Wainamoinen;
+  Thou hast found what thou desirest,
+  Found the three words of the Master;
+  Go in peace, and ne'er returning,
+  Take my blessing on thy going."
+  Thereupon the bard Wipunen
+  Opens wide his mouth, and wider;
+  And the good, old Wainamoinen
+  Straightway leaves the wise enchanter,
+  Leaves Wipunen's great abdomen;
+  From the mouth he glides and journeys
+  O'er the hills and vales of Northland,
+  Swift as red-deer or the forest,
+  Swift as yellow-breasted marten,
+  To the firesides of Wainola,
+  To the plains of Kalevala.
+  Straightway hastes he to the smithy
+  Of his brother, Ilmarinen,
+  Thus the iron-artist greets him:
+  Hast thou found the long-lost wisdom,
+  Hast thou heard the secret doctrine,
+  Hast thou learned the master magic,
+  How to fasten in the ledges,
+  How the stern should be completed,
+  How complete the ship's forecastle?
+  Wainamoinen thus made answer:
+  "I have learned of words a hundred,
+  Learned a thousand incantations,
+  Hidden deep for many ages,
+  Learned the words of ancient wisdom,
+  Found the keys of secret doctrine,
+  Found the lost-words of the Master."
+  Wainamoinen, magic-builder,
+  Straightway journeys to his vessel,
+  To the spot of magic labor,
+  Quickly fastens in the ledges,
+  Firmly binds the stern together
+  And completes the boat's forecastle.
+  Thus the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Built the boat with magic only,
+  And with magic launched his vessel,
+  Using not the hand to touch it,
+  Using not the foot to move it,
+  Using not the knee to turn it,
+  Using nothing to propel it.
+  Thus the third task was completed,
+  For the hostess of Pohyola,
+  Dowry for the Maid of Beauty
+  Sitting on the arch of heaven,
+  On the bow of many colors.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XVIII.
+
+
+
+  THE RIVAL SUITORS
+
+
+  Wainamoinen, old and truthful,
+  Long considered, long debated,
+  How to woo and win the daughter
+  Of the hostess of Pohyola,
+  How to lead the Bride of Beauty,
+  Fairy maiden of the rainbow,
+  To the meadows of Wainola,
+  From the dismal Sariola.
+  Now he decks his magic vessel,
+  Paints the boat in blue and scarlet,
+  Trims in gold the ship's forecastle,
+  Decks the prow in molten silver;
+  Sings his magic ship down gliding,
+  On the cylinders of fir-tree:
+  Now erects the masts of pine-wood,
+  On each mast the sails of linen,
+  Sails of blue, and white, and scarlet,
+  Woven into finest fabric.
+  Wainamoinen, the magician,
+  Steps aboard his wondrous vessel,
+  Steers the bark across the waters,
+  On the blue back of the broad-sea,
+  Speaks these words in sailing northward,
+  Sailing to the dark Pohyola:
+  "Come aboard my ship, O Ukko,
+  Come with me, thou God of mercy,
+  To protect thine ancient hero,
+  To support thy trusting servant,
+  On the breasts of raging billows,
+  On the far out-stretching waters.
+  "Rock, O winds, this wondrous vessel,
+  Causing not a single ripple;
+  Rolling waves, bear ye me northward,
+  That the oar may not be needed
+  In my journey to Pohyola,
+  O'er this mighty waste of waters."
+  Ilmarinen's beauteous sister,
+  Fair and goodly maid, Annikki,
+  Of the Night and Dawn, the daughter,
+  Who awakes each morning early,
+  Rises long before the daylight,
+  Stood one morning on the sea-shore,
+  Washing in the foam her dresses,
+  Rinsing out her silken ribbons,
+  On the bridge of scarlet color,
+  On the border of the highway,
+  On a headland jutting seaward,
+  On the forest-covered island.
+  Here Annikki, looking round her,
+  Looking through the fog and ether,
+  Looking through the clouds of heaven,
+  Gazing far out on the blue-sea,
+  Sees the morning sun arising,
+  Glimmering along the billows,
+  Looks with eyes of distant vision
+  Toward the sunrise on the waters,
+  Toward the winding streams of Suomi,
+  Where the Wina-waves were flowing.
+  There she sees, on the horizon,
+  Something darkle in the sunlight,
+  Something blue upon the billows,
+  Speaks these words in wonder guessing:
+  What is this upon the surges,
+  What this blue upon the waters,
+  What this darkling in the sunlight?
+  'Tis perhaps a flock of wild-geese,
+  Or perchance the blue-duck flying;
+  Then upon thy wings arising,
+  Fly away to highest heaven.
+  "Art thou then a shoal of sea-trout,
+  Or perchance a school of salmon?
+  Dive then to the deep sea-bottom,
+  In the waters swim and frolic.
+  "Art thou then a cliff of granite,
+  Or perchance a mighty oak-tree,
+  Floating on the rough sea-billows?
+  May the floods then wash and beat thee
+  Break thee to a thousand fragments."
+  Wainamoinen, sailing northward,
+  Steers his wondrous ship of magic
+  Toward the headland jutting seaward,
+  Toward the island forest-covered.
+  Now Annikki, goodly maiden,
+  Sees it is the magic vessel
+  Of a wonderful enchanter,
+  Of a mighty bard and hero,
+  And she asks this simple question:
+  "Art thou then my father's vessel,
+  Or my brother's ship of magic?
+  Haste away then to thy harbor,
+  To thy refuge in Wainola.
+  Hast thou come a goodly distance?
+  Sail then farther on thy journey,
+  Point thy prow to other waters."
+  It was not her father's vessel,
+  Not a sail-boat from the distance,
+  'Twas the ship of Wainamoinen,
+  Bark of the eternal singer;
+  Sails within a hailing distance,
+  Swims still nearer o'er the waters,
+  Brings one word and takes another,
+  Brings a third of magic import.
+  Speaks the goodly maid, Annikki,
+  Of the Night and Dawn, the daughter,
+  To the sailor of the vessel:
+  "Whither sailest, Wainamoinen,
+  Whither bound, thou friend of waters,
+  Pride and joy of Kalevala?"
+  From the vessel Wainamomen
+  Gives this answer to the maiden:
+  "I have come to catch some sea-trout,
+  Catch the young and toothsome whiting,
+  Hiding in tbese-reeds and rushes."
+  This the answer of Annikki:
+  "Do not speak to me in falsehood,
+  Know I well the times of fishing;
+  Long ago my honored father
+  Was a fisherman in Northland,
+  Came to catch the trout and whiting,
+  Fished within these seas and rivers.
+  Very well do I remember
+  How the fisherman disposes,
+  How he rigs his fishing vessel,
+  Lines, and gaffs, and poles, and fish-nets;
+  Hast not come a-fishing hither.
+  Whither goest, Wainamoinen,
+  Whither sailest, friend of waters?
+  Spake the ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "I have come to catch some wild-geese,
+  Catch the hissing birds of Suomi,
+  In these far-extending borders,
+  In the Sachsensund dominions."
+  Good Annikki gives this answer:
+  "Know I well a truthful speaker,
+  Easily detect a falsehood;
+  Formerly my aged father
+  Often came a-hunting hither,
+  Came to hunt the hissing wild-geese,
+  Hunt the red-bill of these waters.
+  Very well do I remember
+  How the hunter rigs his vessel,
+  Bows, and arrows, knives, and quiver,
+  Dogs enchained within the vessel,
+  Pointers hunting on the sea-shore,
+  Setters seeking in the marshes,
+  Tell the truth now Wainamoinen,
+  Whither is thy vessel sailing?"
+  Spake the hero of the Northland:
+  "To the wars my ship is sailing,
+  To the bloody fields of battle,
+  Where the streams run scarlet-colored,
+  Where the paths are paved with bodies!'
+  These the words of fair Annikki:
+  "Know I well the paths to battle.
+  Formerly my aged father
+  Often sounded war's alarum,
+  Often led the hosts to conquest;
+  In each ship a hundred rowers,
+  And in arms a thousand heroes,
+  Oil the prow a thousand cross-bows,
+  Swords, and spears, and battle-axes;
+  Know I well the ship of battle.
+  Speak Do longer fruitless falsehoods,
+  Whither sailest, Wainamoinen,
+  Whither steerest, friend of waters?
+  These the words of Wainamoinen:
+  "Come, O maiden, to my vessel,
+  In my magic ship be seated,
+  Then I'll give thee truthful answer."
+  Thus Annikki, silver-tinselled,
+  Answers ancient Wainamoinen:
+  "With the winds I'll fill thy vessel,
+  To thy bark I'll send the storm-winds
+  And capsize thy ship of magic,
+  Break in pieces its forecastle,
+  If the truth thou dost not tell me,
+  If thou dost not cease thy falsehoods,
+  If thou dost not tell me truly
+  Whither sails thy magic vessel."
+  These the words of Wainamoinen:
+  "Now I make thee truthful answer,
+  Though at first I spake deception:
+  I am sailing to the Northland
+  To the dismal Sariola,
+  Where the ogres live and flourish,
+  Where they drown the worthy heroes,
+  There to woo the Maid of Beauty
+  Sitting on the bow of heaven,
+  Woo and win the fairy virgin,
+  Bring her to my home and kindred,
+  To the firesides of Walnola."
+  Then Aunikki, graceful maiden,
+  Of the Night and Dawn, the daughter,
+  As she heard the rightful answer,
+  Knew the truth was fully spoken,
+  Straightway left her coats unbeaten,
+  Left unwashed her linen garments,
+  Left unrinsed her silks and ribbons
+  On the highway by the sea-shore,
+  On the bridge of scarlet color
+  On her arm she threw her long-robes,
+  Hastened off with speed of roebuck
+  To the shops of Ilmarinen,
+  To the iron-forger's furnace,
+  To the blacksmith's home and smithy,
+  Here she found the hero-artist,
+  Forging out a bench of iron,
+  And adorning it with silver.
+  Soot lay thick upon his forehead,
+  Soot and coal upon his shoulders.
+  On the threshold speaks Annikki,
+  These the words his sister uses:
+  "Ilmarinen, dearest brother,
+  Thou eternal artist-forger,
+  Forge me now a loom of silver,
+  Golden rings to grace my fingers,
+  Forge me gold and silver ear-rings,
+  Six or seven golden girdles,
+  Golden crosslets for my bosom,
+  For my head forge golden trinkets,
+  And I'll tell a tale surprising,
+  Tell a story that concerns thee
+  Truthfully I'll tell the story."
+  Then the blacksmith Ilmarinen
+  Spake and these the words he uttered:
+  "If thou'lt tell the tale sincerely,
+  I will forge the loom of silver,
+  Golden rings to grace thy fingers,
+  Forge thee gold and silver ear-rings,
+  Six or seven golden girdles,
+  Golden crosslets for thy bosom,
+  For thy head forge golden trinkets;
+  But if thou shouldst tell me falsely,
+  I shall break thy beauteous jewels,
+  Break thine ornaments in pieces,
+  Hurl them to the fire and furnace,
+  Never forge thee other trinkets."
+  This the answer of Annikki:
+  "Ancient blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Dost thou ever think to marry
+  Her already thine affianced,
+  Beauteous Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  Fairest virgin of the Northland,
+  Chosen bride of Sariola?
+  Shouldst thou wish the Maid of Beauty,
+  Thou must forge, and forge unceasing,
+  Hammering the days and nights through;
+  Forge the summer hoofs for horses,
+  Forge them iron hoofs for winter,
+  In the long nights forge the snow-sledge,
+  Gaily trim it in the daytime,
+  Haste thou then upon thy journey
+  To thy wooing in the Northland,
+  To the dismal Sariola;
+  Thither journeys one more clever,
+  Sails another now before thee,
+  There to woo thy bride affianced,
+  Thence to lead thy chosen virgin,
+  Woo and win the Maid of Beauty;
+  Three long years thou hast been wooing.
+  Wainamoinen now is sailing
+  On the blue back of the waters,
+  Sitting at his helm of copper;
+  On the prow are golden carvings,
+  Beautiful his boat of magic,
+  Sailing fleetly o'er the billows,
+  To the never-pleasant Northland,
+  To the dismal Sariola."
+  Ilmarinen stood in wonder,
+  Stood a statue at the story;
+  Silent grief had settled o'er him,
+  Settled o'er the iron-artist;
+  From one hand the tongs descended,
+  From the other fell the hammer,
+  As the blacksmith made this answer:
+  "Good Annikki, worthy sister,
+  I shall forge the loom of silver,
+  Golden rings to grace thy fingers,
+  Forge thee gold and silver ear-rings,
+  Six or seven golden girdles,
+  Golden crosslets for thy bosom;
+  Go and heat for me the bath-room,
+  Fill with heat the honey-chambers,
+  Lay the faggots on the fire-place,
+  Lay the smaller woods around them,
+  Pour some water through the ashes,
+  Make a soap of magic virtue,
+  Thus to cleanse my blackened visage,
+  Thus to cleanse the blacksmith's body,
+  Thus remove the soot and ashes."
+  Then Annikki, kindly sister,
+  Quickly warmed her brother's bath-room,
+  Warmed it with the knots of fir-trees,
+  That the thunder-winds had broken;
+  Gathered pebbles from the fire-stream,
+  Threw them in the heating waters;
+  Broke the tassels from the birch-trees,
+  Steeped the foliage in honey,
+  Made a lye from milk and ashes,
+  Made of these a strong decoction,
+  Mixed it with the fat and marrow
+  Of the reindeer of the mountains,
+  Made a soap of magic virtue,
+  Thus to cleanse the iron-artist,
+  Thus to beautify the suitor,
+  Thus to make the hero worthy.
+  Ilmarinen, ancient blacksmith,
+  The eternal metal-worker,
+  Forged the wishes of his sister,
+  Ornaments for fair Annikki,
+  Rings, and bracelets, pins and ear-drops,
+  Forged for her six golden girdles,
+  Forged a weaving loom of silver,
+  While the maid prepared the bath-room,
+  Set his toilet-room in order.
+  To the maid he gave the trinkets,
+  Gave the loom of molten silver,
+  And the sister thus made answer:
+  "I have heated well thy bath-room,
+  Have thy toilet-things in order,
+  Everything as thou desirest;
+  Go prepare thyself for wooing,
+  Lave thy bead to flaxen whiteness,
+  Make thy cheeks look fresh and ruddy,
+  Lave thyself in Love's aroma,
+  That thy wooing prove successful."
+  Ilmarinen, magic artist,
+  Quick repairing to his bath-room,
+  Bathed his head to flaxen whiteness,
+  Made his cheeks look fresh and ruddy,
+  Laved his eyes until they sparkled
+  Like the moonlight on the waters;
+  Wondrous were his form and features,
+  And his cheeks like ruddy berries.
+  These the words of Ilmarinen:
+  "Fair Annikki, lovely sister,
+  Bring me now my silken raiment,
+  Bring my best and richest vesture,
+  Bring me now my softest linen,
+  That my wooing prove successful."
+  Straightway did the helpful sister
+  Bring the finest of his raiment,
+  Bring the softest of his linen,
+  Raiment fashioned by his mother;
+  Brought to him his silken stockings,
+  Brought him shoes of marten-leather,
+  Brought a vest of sky-blue color,
+  Brought him scarlet-colored trousers,
+  Brought a coat with scarlet trimming,
+  Brought a red shawl trimmed in ermine
+  Fourfold wrapped about his body;
+  Brought a fur-coat made of seal-skin,
+  Fastened with a thousand bottons,
+  And adorned with countless jewels;
+  Brought for him his magic girdle,
+  Fastened well with golden buckles,
+  That his artist-mother fashioned;
+  Brought him gloves with golden wristlets,
+  That the Laplanders had woven
+  For a head of many ringlets;
+  Brought the finest cap in Northland,
+  That his ancient father purchased
+  When he first began his wooing.
+  Ilmarinen, blacksmith-artist,
+  Clad himself to look his finest,
+  When he thus addressed a servant:
+  "Hitch for me a fleet-foot racer,
+  Hitch him to my willing snow-sledge,
+  For I start upon a journey
+  To the distant shores of Pohya,
+  To the dismal Sariola."
+  Spake the servant thus in answer:
+  "Thou hast seven fleet-foot racers,
+  Munching grain within their mangers,
+  Which of these shall I make ready?"
+  Spake the blacksmith, Ilmarinen:
+  "Take the fleetest of my coursers,
+  Put the gray steed in the harness,
+  Hitch him to my sledge of magic;
+  Place six cuckoos on the break-board,
+  Seven bluebirds on the cross-bars,
+  Thus to charm the Northland maidens,
+  Thus to make them look and listen,
+  As the cuckoos call and echo.
+  Bring me too my largest bear-skin,
+  Fold it warm about the cross-bench;
+  Bring me then my marten fur-robes,
+  As a cover and protection."
+  Straightway then the trusty servant
+  Of the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Put the gray steed in the harness,
+  Hitched the racer to the snow-sledge,
+  Placed six cuckoos on the break-board,
+  Seven bluebirds on the cross-bars,
+  On the front to sing and twitter;
+  Then he brought the largest bear-skin,
+  Folded it upon the cross-bench;
+  Brought the finest robes of marten,
+  Warm protection for the master.
+  Ilmarinen, forger-artist,
+  The eternal metal-worker,
+  Earnestly entreated Ukko:
+  "Send thy snow-flakes, Ukko, father,
+  Let them gently fall from heaven,
+  Let them cover all the heather,
+  Let them hide the berry-bushes,
+  That my sledge may glide in freedom
+  O'er the hills to Sariola!"
+  Ukko sent the snow from heaven,
+  Gently dropped the crystal snow-flakes,
+  Lending thus his kind assistance
+  To the hero, Ilmarinen,
+  On his journey to the Northland.
+  Reins in hand, the ancient artist
+  Seats him in his metal snow-sledge,
+  And beseeches thus his Master:
+  "Good luck to my reins and traces,
+  Good luck to my shafts and runners!
+  God protect my magic snow-sledge,
+  Be my safeguard on my journey
+  To the dismal Sariola!"
+  Now the ancient Ilmarinen
+  Draws the reins upon the racer,
+  Snaps his whip above the courser,
+  To the gray steed gives this order,
+  And the charger plunges northward:
+  "Haste away, my flaxen stallion,
+  Haste thee onward, noble white-face,
+  To the never-pleasant Pohya,
+  To the dreary Sariola!"
+  Fast and faster flies the fleet-foot,
+  On the curving snow-capped sea-coast,
+  On the borders of the lowlands,
+  O'er the alder-hills and mountains.
+  Merrily the steed flies onward,
+  Bluebirds singing, cuckoos calling,
+  On the sea-shore looking northward,
+  Through the sand and falling snow-flakes
+  Blinding winds, and snow, and sea-foam,
+  Cloud the hero, Ilmarinen,
+  As he glides upon his journey,
+  Looking seaward for the vessel
+  Of the ancient Wainamoinen;
+  Travels one day, then a second,
+  Travels all the next day northward,
+  Till the third day Ilmarinen
+  Overtakes old Wainamoinen,
+  Rails him in his magic vessel,
+  And addresses thus the minstrel:
+  "O thou ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Let us woo in peace the maiden,
+  Fairest daughter or the Northland,
+  Sitting on the bow of heaven,
+  Let each labor long to win her,
+  Let her wed the one she chooses,
+  Him selecting, let her follow."
+  Wainamoinen thus makes answer:
+  "I agree to thy proposal,
+  Let us woo in peace the maiden,
+  Not by force, nor faithless measures,
+  Shall we woo the Maid of Beauty,
+  Let her follow him she chooses;
+  Let the unsuccessful suitor
+  Harbor neither wrath nor envy
+  For the hero that she follows."
+  Thus agreeing, on they journey,
+  Each according to his pleasure;
+  Fleetly does the steed fly onward,
+  Quickly flies the magic vessel,
+  Sailing on the broad-sea northward;
+  Ilmarinen's fleet-foot racer
+  Makes the hills of Northland tremble,
+  As he gallops on his journey
+  To the dismal Sariola.
+  Wainamoinen calls the South-winds,
+  And they fly to his assistance;
+  Swiftly sails his ship of beauty,
+  Swiftly plows the rough sea-billows
+  In her pathway to Pohyola.
+  Time had gone but little distance,
+  Scarce a moment had passed over,
+  Ere the dogs began their barking,
+  In the mansions of the Northland,
+  In the courts of Sariola,
+  Watch-dogs of the court of Louhi;
+  Never had they growled so fiercely,
+  Never had they barked so loudly,
+  Never with their tails had beaten
+  Northland into such an uproar.
+  Spake the master of Pohyola:
+  "Go and learn, my worthy daughter,
+  Why the watch-dogs have been barking,
+  Why the black-dog signals danger."
+  Quickly does the daughter answer:
+  "I am occupied, dear father,
+  I have work of more importance,
+  I must tend my flock of lambkins,
+  I must turn the nether millstone,
+  Grind to flour the grains of barley,
+  Run the grindings through the sifter,
+  Only have I time for grinding."
+  Lowly growls the faithful watch-dog,
+  Seldom does he growl so strangely.
+  Spake the master of Pohyola:
+  "Go and learn, my trusted consort,
+  Why the Northland dogs are barking,
+  Why the black-dog signals danger."
+  Thus his aged wife makes answer;
+  "Have no time, nor inclination,
+  I must feed my hungry household,
+  Must prepare a worthy dinner,
+  I must bake the toothsome biscuit,
+  Knead the dough till it is ready,
+  Only have I strength for kneading."
+  Spake the master of Pohyola:
+  "Dames are always in a hurry,
+  Maidens too are ever busy,
+  Whether warming at the oven,
+  Or asleep upon their couches;
+  Go my son, and learn the danger,
+  Why the black-dog growls displeasure,"
+  Quickly does the son give answer:
+  "Have no time, nor inclination,
+  Am in haste to grind my hatchet;
+  I must chop this log to cordwood,
+  For the fire must cut the faggots,
+  I must split the wood in fragments,
+  Large the pile and small the fire-wood,
+  Only have I strength for chopping."
+  Still the watch-dog growls in anger,
+  Growl the whelps within the mansion,
+  Growl the dogs chained in the kennel,
+  Growls the black-dog on the hill-top,
+  Setting Northland in an uproar.
+  Spake the master of Pohyola:
+  "Never, never does my black-dog
+  Growl like this without a reason;
+  Never does he bark for nothing,
+  Does not growl at angry billows,
+  Nor the sighing of the pine-trees."
+  Then the master of Pohyola
+  Went himself to learn the reason
+  For the barking of the watch-dogs;
+  Strode he through the spacious court-yard,
+  Through the open fields beyond it,
+  To the summit of the uplands.
+  Looking toward his black-dog barking,
+  He beholds the muzzle pointed
+  To a distant, stormy hill-top,
+  To a mound with alders covered;
+  There he learned the rightful reason,
+  Why his dogs had barked so loudly,
+  Why had growled the wool-tail bearer,
+  Why his whelps had signalled danger.
+  At full sail, he saw a vessel,
+  And the ship was scarlet-colored,
+  Entering the bay of Lempo;
+  Saw a sledge of magic colors,
+  Gliding up the curving sea-shore,
+  O'er the snow-fields of Pohyola.
+  Then the master of the Northland
+  Hastened straightway to his dwelling,
+  Hastened forward to his court-room,
+  These the accents of the master:
+  "Often strangers journey hither,
+  On the blue back of the ocean,
+  Sailing in a scarlet vessel,
+  Rocking in the bay of Lempo;
+  Often strangers come in sledges
+  To the honey-lands of Louhi."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  How shall we obtain a token
+  Why these strangers journey hither?
+  My beloved, faithful daughter,
+  Lay a branch upon the fire-place,
+  Let it burn with fire of magic
+  If it trickle drops of scarlet,
+  War and bloodshed do they bring us;
+  If it trickle drops of water,
+  Peace and plenty bring the strangers."
+  Northland's fair and slender maiden,
+  Beautiful and modest daughter,
+  Lays a sorb-branch on the fire-place,
+  Lights it with the fire of magic;
+  Does not trickle drops of scarlet,
+  Trickles neither blood, nor water,
+  From the wand come drops of honey.
+  From the corner spake Suowakko,
+  This the language of the wizard:
+  "If the wand is dripping honey,
+  Then the strangers that are coming
+  Are but worthy friends and suitors."
+  Then the hostess of the Northland,
+  With the daughter of the hostess,
+  Straightway left their work, and hastened
+  From their dwelling to the court-yard;
+  Looked about in all directions,
+  Turned their eyes upon the waters,
+  Saw a magic-colored vessel
+  Rocking slowly in the harbor,
+  Having sailed the bay of Lempo,
+  Triple sails, and masts, and rigging,
+  Sable was the nether portion,
+  And the upper, scarlet-colored,
+  At the helm an ancient hero
+  Leaning on his oars of copper;
+  Saw a fleet-foot racer running,
+  Saw a red sledge lightly follow,
+  Saw the magic sledge emblazoned,
+  Guided toward the courts of Louhi;
+  Saw and heard six golden cuckoos
+  Sitting on the break-board, calling,
+  Seven bluebirds richly colored
+  Singing from the yoke and cross-bar;
+  In the sledge a magic hero,
+  Young, and strong, and proud, and handsome,
+  Holding reins upon the courser.
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Dearest daughter, winsome maiden,
+  Dost thou wish a noble suitor?
+  Should these heroes come to woo thee,
+  Wouldst thou leave thy home and country,
+  Be the bride of him that pleases,
+  Be his faithful life-companion?
+  "He that comes upon the waters,
+  Sailing in a magic vessel,
+  Having sailed the bay of Lempo,
+  Is the good, old Wainamoinen;
+  In his ship are countless treasures,
+  Richest presents from Wainola.
+  "He that rides here in his snow-sledge
+  In his sledge of magic beauty,
+  With the cuckoos and the bluebirds,
+  Is the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Cometh hither empty-handed,
+  Only brings some wisdom-sayings.
+  When they come within the dwelling,
+  Bring a bowl of honeyed viands,
+  Bring a pitcher with two handles,
+  Give to him that thou wouldst follow
+  Give it to old Wainamoinen,
+  Him that brings thee countless treasures,
+  Costly presents in his vessel,
+  Priceless gems from Kalevala."
+  Spake the Northland's lovely daughter,
+  This the language of the maiden
+  "Good, indeed, advice maternal,
+  But I will not wed for riches,
+  Wed no man for countless treasures;
+  For his worth I'll choose a husband,
+  For his youth and fine appearance,
+  For his noble form and features;
+  In the olden times the maidens
+  Were not sold by anxious mothers
+  To the suitors that they loved not.
+  I shall choose without his treasures
+  Ilmarinen for his wisdom,
+  For his worth and good behavior,
+  Him that forged the wondrous Sampo,
+  Hammered thee the lid in colors."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Senseless daughter, child of folly,
+  Thus to choose the ancient blacksmith,
+  From whose brow drips perspiration,
+  Evermore to rinse his linen,
+  Lave his hands, and eyes, and forehead,
+  Keep his ancient house in order;
+  Little use his wit and wisdom
+  When compared with gold and silver."
+  This the answer of the daughter:
+  "I will never, never, never,
+  Wed the ancient Wainamoinen
+  With his gold and priceless jewels;
+  Never will I be a helpmate
+  To a hero in his dotage,
+  Little thanks my compensation."
+  Wainamoinen, safely landing
+  In advance of Ilmarinen,
+  Pulls his gaily-covered vessel
+  From the waves upon the sea-beach,
+  On the cylinders of birch-wood,
+  On the rollers copper-banded,
+  Straightway hastens to the guest-room
+  Of the hostess of Pohyola,
+  Of the master of the Northland,
+  Speaks these words upon the threshold
+  To the famous Maid of Beauty:
+  "Come with me, thou lovely virgin,
+  Be my bride and life-companion,
+  Share with me my joys and sorrows,
+  Be my honored wife hereafter!"
+  This the answer of the maiden:
+  "Hast thou built for me the vessel,
+  Built for me the ship of magic
+  From the fragments of the distaff,
+  From the splinters of the spindle?"
+  Wainamoinen thus replying:
+  "I have built the promised vessel,
+  Built the wondrous ship for sailing,
+  Firmly joined the parts by magic;
+  It will weather roughest billows,
+  Will outlive the winds and waters,
+  Swiftly glide upon the blue-back
+  Of the deep and boundless ocean
+  It will ride the waves in beauty,
+  Like an airy bubble rising,
+  Like a cork on lake and river,
+  Through the angry seas of Northland,
+  Through Pohyola's peaceful waters."
+  Northland's fair and slender daughter
+  Gives this answer to her suitor:
+  "Will not wed a sea-born hero,
+  Do not care to rock the billows,
+  Cannot live with such a husband
+  Storms would bring us pain and trouble,
+  Winds would rack our hearts and temples;
+  Therefore thee I cannot follow,
+  Cannot keep thy home in order,
+  Cannot be thy life-companion,
+  Cannot wed old Wainamoinen."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XIX.
+
+
+
+  ILMARINEN'S WOOING.
+
+
+  Ilmarinen, hero-blacksmith,
+  The eternal metal-worker,
+  Hastens forward to the court-room
+  Of the hostess of Pohyola,
+  Of the master of the Northland,
+  Hastens through the open portals
+  Into Louhi's home and presence.
+  Servants come with silver pitchers,
+  Filled with Northland's richest brewing;
+  Honey-drink is brought and offered
+  To the blacksmith of Wainola,
+  Ilmarinen thus replying:
+  "I shall not in all my life-time
+  Taste the drink that thou hast brought me,
+  Till I see the Maid of Beauty,
+  Fairy Maiden of the Rainbow;
+  I will drink with her in gladness,
+  For whose hand I journey hither."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Trouble does the one selected
+  Give to him that wooes and watches;
+  Not yet are her feet in sandals,
+  Thine affianced is not ready.
+  Only canst thou woo my daughter,
+  Only canst thou win the maiden,
+  When thou hast by aid of magic
+  Plowed the serpent-field of Hisi,
+  Plowed the field of hissing vipers,
+  Touching neither beam nor handles.
+  Once this field was plowed by Piru,
+  Lempo furrowed it with horses,
+  With a plowshare made of copper,
+  With a beam of flaming iron;
+  Never since has any hero
+  Brought this field to cultivation."
+  Ilmarinen of Wainola
+  Straightway hastens to the chamber
+  Of the Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  Speaks these words in hesitation:
+  "Thou of Night and Dawn the daughter,
+  Tell me, dost thou not remember
+  When for thee I forged the Sampo,
+  Hammered thee the lid in colors?
+  Thou didst swear by oath the strougest,
+  By the forge and by the anvil,
+  By the tongs and by the hammer,
+  In the ears of the Almighty,
+  And before omniscient Ukko,
+  Thou wouldst follow me hereafter,
+  Be my bride, my life-companion,
+  Be my honored wife forever.
+  Now thy mother is exacting,
+  Will not give to me her daughter,
+  Till by means of magic only,
+  I have plowed the field of serpents,
+  Plowed the hissing soil of Hisi."
+  The affianced Bride of Beauty
+  Gives this answer to the suitor:
+  "O, thou blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  The eternal wonder-forger,
+  Forge thyself a golden plowshare,
+  Forge the beam of shining silver,
+  And of copper forge the handles;
+  Then with ease, by aid of magic,
+  Thou canst plow the field of serpents,
+  Plow the hissing soil of Hisi."
+  Ilmarinen, welcome suitor,
+  Straightway builds a forge and smithy,
+  Places gold within the furnace,
+  In the forge he lays the silver,
+  Forges then a golden plowshare,
+  Forges, too, a beam of silver,
+  Forges handles out of copper,
+  Forges boots and gloves of iron,
+  Forges him a mail of metal,
+  For his limbs a safe protection,
+  Safe protection for his body.
+  Then a horse of fire selecting,
+  Harnesses the flaming stallion,
+  Goes to plow the field of serpents,
+  Plow the viper-lands of Hisi.
+  In the field were countless vipers,
+  Serpents there of every species,
+  Crawling, writhing, hissing, stinging,
+  Harmless all against the hero,
+  Thus he stills the snakes of Lempo:
+  "Vipers, ye by God created,
+  Neither best nor worst of creatures,
+  Ye whose wisdom comes from Ukko,
+  And whose venom comes from Hisi,
+  Ukko is your greater Master,
+  By His will your heads are lifted;
+  Get ye hence before my plowing,
+  Writ-he ye through the grass and stubble,
+  Crawl ye to the nearest thicket,
+  Keep your heads beneath the heather,
+  Hunt our holes to Mana's kingdom
+  If your poison-heads be lifted,
+  Then will mighty Ukko smite them
+  'With his iron-pointed arrows,
+  With the lightning of his anger."
+  Thus the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Safely plows the field of serpents,
+  Lifts the vipers in his plowing,
+  Buries them beneath the furrow,
+  Harmless all against his magic.
+  When the task had been completed,
+  Ilmarinen, quick returning,
+  Thus addressed Pohyola's hostess:
+  "I have plowed the field of Hisi,
+  Plowed the field of hissing serpents,
+  Stilled and banished all the vipers;
+  Give me, ancient dame, thy daughter,
+  Fairest maiden of the Northland.
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Shall not grant to thee my daughter,
+  Shall not give my lovely virgin,
+  Till Tuoni's bear is muzzled,
+  Till Manala's wolf is conquered,
+  In the forests of the Death-land,
+  In the boundaries of Mana.
+  Hundreds have been sent to hunt him,
+  So one yet has been successful,
+  All have perished in Manala."
+  Thereupon young Ilmarinen
+  To the maiden's chamber hastens,
+  Thus addresses his affianced:
+  "Still another test demanded,
+  I must go to Tuonela,
+  Bridle there the bear of Mana,
+  Bring him from the Death-land forests,
+  From Tuoni's grove and empire!
+  This advice the maiden gives him:
+  "O thou artist, Ilmarinen,
+  The eternal metal-worker,
+  Forge of steel a magic bridle,
+  On a rock beneath the water,
+  In the foaming triple currents;
+  Make the straps of steel and copper,
+  Bridle then the bear of Mana,
+  Lead him from Tuoni's forests."
+  Then the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Forged of steel a magic bridle,
+  On a rock beneath the water,
+  In the foam of triple currents;
+  Made the straps of steel and copper,
+  Straightway went the bear to muzzle,
+  In the forests of the Death-land,
+  Spake these words in supplication:
+  "Terhenetar, ether-maiden,
+  Daughter of the fog and snow-flake,
+  Sift the fog and let it settle
+  O'er the bills and lowland thickets,
+  Where the wild-bear feeds and lingers,
+  That he may not see my coming,
+  May not hear my stealthy footsteps!"
+  Terhenetar hears his praying,
+  Makes the fog and snow-flake settle
+  On the coverts of the wild-beasts;
+  Thus the bear he safely bridles,
+  Fetters him in chains of magic,
+  In the forests of Tuoni,
+  In the blue groves of Manala.
+  When this task had been completed,
+  Ilmarinen, quick returning,
+  Thus addressed the ancient Louhi:
+  "Give me, worthy dame, thy daughter,
+  Give me now my bride affianced,
+  I have brought the bear of Mana
+  From Tuoni's fields and forests."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola
+  To the blacksmith, Ilmarinen:
+  "I will only give my daughter,
+  Give to thee the Maid of Beauty,
+  When the monster-pike thou catchest
+  In the river of Tuoni,
+  In Manala's fatal waters,
+  Using neither hooks, nor fish-nets,
+  Neither boat, nor fishing-tackle;
+  Hundreds have been sent to catch him,
+  No one yet has been successful,
+  All have perished in Manala."
+  Much disheartened, Ilmarinen
+  Hastened to the maiden's chamber,
+  Thus addressed the rainbow-maiden:
+  "Now a third test is demanded,
+  Much more difficult than ever;
+  I must catch the pike of Mana,
+  In the river of Tuoni,
+  And without my fishing-tackle,
+  Hard the third test of the hero!
+  This advice the maiden gives him:
+  "O thou hero, Ilmarinen,
+  Never, never be discouraged:
+  In thy furnace, forge an eagle,
+  From the fire of ancient magic;
+  He will catch the pike of Mana,
+  Catch the monster-fish in safety,
+  From the death-stream of Tuoni,
+  From Manala's fatal waters."
+  Then the suitor, Ilmarinen,
+  The eternal artist-forgeman,
+  In the furnace forged an eagle
+  From the fire of ancient wisdom;
+  For this giant bird of magic
+  Forged he talons out of iron,
+  And his beak of steel and copper;
+  Seats himself upon the eagle,
+  On his back between the wing-bones,
+  Thus addresses he his creature,
+  Gives the bird of fire, this order:
+  "Mighty eagle, bird of beauty,
+  Fly thou whither I direct thee,
+  To Tuoni's coal-black river,
+  To the blue deeps of the Death-stream,
+  Seize the mighty fish of Mana,
+  Catch for me this water-monster."
+  Swiftly flies the magic eagle,
+  Giant-bird of worth and wonder,
+  To the river of Tuoni,
+  There to catch the pike of Mana;
+  One wing brushes on the waters,
+  While the other sweeps the heavens;
+  In the ocean dips his talons,
+  Whets his beak on mountain-ledges.
+  Safely landing, Ilmarinen,
+  The immortal artist-forger,
+  Hunts the monster of the Death-stream,
+  While the eagle hunts and fishes
+  In the waters of Manala.
+  From the river rose a monster,
+  Grasped the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Tried to drag him to his sea-cave;
+  Quick the eagle pounced upon him,
+  With his metal-beak he seized him,
+  Wrenched his head, and rent his body,
+  Hurled him back upon the bottom
+  Of the deep and fatal river,
+  Freed his master, Ilmarinen.
+  Then arose the pike of Mana,
+  Came the water-dog in silence,
+  Of the pikes was not the largest,
+  Nor belonged he to the smallest;
+  Tongue the length of double hatchets,
+  Teeth as long as fen-rake handles,
+  Mouth as broad as triple streamlets,
+  Back as wide as seven sea-boats,
+  Tried to snap the magic blacksmith,
+  Tried to swallow Ilmarinen.
+  Swiftly swoops the mighty eagle,
+  Of the birds was not the largest,
+  Nor belonged he to the smallest;
+  Mouth as wide as seven streamlets,
+  Tongue as long as seven javelins,
+  Like five crooked scythes his talons;
+  Swoops upon the pike of Mana.
+  Quick the giant fish endangered,
+  Darts and flounders in the river,
+  Dragging down the mighty eagle,
+  Lashing up the very bottom
+  To the surface of the river;
+  When the mighty bird uprising
+  Leaves the wounded pike in water,
+  Soars aloft on worsted pinions
+  To his home in upper ether;
+  Soars awhile, and sails, and circles,
+  Circles o'er the reddened waters,
+  Swoops again on lightning-pinions,
+  Strikes with mighty force his talons
+  Into the shoulder of his victim;
+  Strikes the second of his talons
+  On the flinty mountain-ledges,
+  On the rocks with iron hardened;
+  From the cliffs rebound his talons,
+  Slip the flinty rocks o'erhanging,
+  And the monster-pike resisting
+  Dives again beneath the surface
+  To the bottom of the river,
+  From the talons of the eagle;
+  Deep, the wounds upon the body
+  Of the monster of Tuoni.
+  Still a third time soars the eagle,
+  Soars, and sails, and quickly circles,
+  Swoops again upon the monster,
+  Fire out-shooting from his pinoins,
+  Both his eyeballs flashing lightning;
+  With his beak of steel and copper
+  Grasps again the pike of Mana
+  Firmly planted are his talons
+  In the rocks and in his victim,
+  Drags the monster from the river,
+  Lifts the pike above the waters,
+  From Tuoni's coal-black river,
+  From the blue-back of Manala.
+  Thus the third time does the eagle
+  Bring success from former failures;
+  Thus at last the eagle catches
+  Mana's pike, the worst of fishes,
+  Swiftest swimmer of the waters,
+  From the river of Tuoni;
+  None could see Manala's river,
+  For the myriad of fish-scales;
+  Hardly could one see through ether,
+  For the feathers of the eagle,
+  Relicts of the mighty contest.
+  Then the bird of copper talons
+  Took the pike, with scales of silver,
+  To the pine-tree's topmost branches,
+  To the fir-tree plumed with needles,
+  Tore the monster-fish in pieces,
+  Ate the body of his victim,
+  Left the head for Ilmarinen.
+  Spake the blacksmith to the eagle:
+  "O thou bird of evil nature,
+  What thy thought and what thy motive?
+  Thou hast eaten what I needed,
+  Evidence of my successes;
+  Thoughtless eagle, witless instinct,
+  Thus to mar the spoils of conquest!"
+  But the bird of metal talons
+  Hastened onward, soaring upward,
+  Rising higher into ether,
+  Rising, flying, soaring, sailing,
+  To the borders of the long-clouds,
+  Made the vault of ether tremble,
+  Split apart the dome of heaven,
+  Broke the colored bow of Ukko,
+  Tore the Moon-horns from their sockets,
+  Disappeared beyond the Sun-land,
+  To the home of the triumphant.
+  Then the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Took the pike-head to the hostess
+  Of the ever-dismal Northland,
+  Thus addressed the ancient Louhi:
+  "Let this head forever serve thee
+  As a guest-bench for thy dwelling,
+  Evidence of hero-triumphs;
+  I have caught the pike of Mana,
+  I have done as thou demandest,
+  Three my victories in Death-land,
+  Three the tests of magic heroes;
+  Wilt thou give me now thy daughter,
+  Give to me the Maid of Beauty?"
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Badly is the test accomplished,
+  Thou has torn the pike in pieces,
+  From his neck the head is severed,
+  Of his body thou hast eaten,
+  Brought to me this worthless relic!
+  These the words of Ilmarinen:
+  "When the victory is greatest,
+  Do we suffer greatest losses!
+  From the river of Tuoni,
+  From the kingdom of Manala,
+  I have brought to thee this trophy,
+  Thus the third task is completed.
+  Tell me is the maiden ready,
+  Wilt thou give the bride affianced?
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "I will give to thee my daughter,
+  Will prepare my snow-white virgin,
+  For the suitor, Ilmarinen;
+  Thou hast won the Maid of Beauty,
+  Bride is she of thine hereafter,
+  Fit companion of thy fireside,
+  Help and joy of all thy lifetime."
+  On the floor a child was sitting,
+  And the babe this tale related.
+  "There appeared within this dwelling,
+  Came a bird within the castle,
+  From the East came flying hither,
+  From the East, a monstrous eagle,
+  One wing touched the vault of heaven,
+  While the other swept the ocean;
+  With his tail upon the waters,
+  Reached his beak beyond the cloudlets,
+  Looked about, and eager watching,
+  Flew around, and sailing, soaring,
+  Flew away to hero-castle,
+  Knocked three times with beak of copper
+  On the castle-roof of iron;
+  But the eagle could not enter.
+  "Then the eagle, looking round him,
+  Flew again, and sailed, and circled,
+  Flew then to the mothers' castle,
+  Loudly rapped with heavy knocking
+  On the mothers' roof of copper;
+  But the eagle could not enter.
+  "Then the eagle, looking round him,
+  Flew a third time, sailing, soaring,
+  Flew then to the virgins' castle,
+  Knocked again with beak of copper,
+  On the virgins' roof of linen,
+  Easy for him there to enter;
+  Flew upon the castle-chimney,
+  Quick descending to the chamber,
+  Pulled the clapboards from the studding,
+  Tore the linen from the rafters,
+  Perched upon the chamber-window,
+  Near the walls of many colors,
+  On the cross-bars gaily-feathered,
+  Looked upon the curly-beaded,
+  Looked upon their golden ringlets,
+  Looked upon the snow-white virgins,
+  On the purest of the maidens,
+  On the fairest of the daughters,
+  On the maid with pearly necklace,
+  On the maiden wreathed in flowers;
+  Perched awhile, and looked, admiring,
+  Swooped upon the Maid of Beauty,
+  On the purest of the virgins,
+  On the whitest, on the fairest,
+  On the stateliest and grandest,
+  Swooped upon the rainbow-daughter
+  Of the dismal Sariola;
+  Grasped her in his mighty talons,
+  Bore away the Maid of Beauty,
+  Maid of fairest form and feature,
+  Maid adorned with pearly necklace,
+  Decked in feathers iridescent,
+  Fragrant flowers upon her bosom,
+  Scarlet band around her forehead,
+  Golden rings upon her fingers,
+  Fairest maiden of the Northland."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola,
+  When the babe his tale had ended:
+  "Tell me bow, my child beloved,
+  Thou hast learned about the maiden,
+  Hast obtained the information,
+  How her flaxen ringlets nestled,
+  How the maiden's silver glistened,
+  How the virgin's gold was lauded.
+  Shone the silver Sun upon thee,
+  Did the moonbeams bring this knowledge?"
+  From the floor the child made answer:
+  "Thus I gained the information,
+  Moles of good-luck led me hither,
+  To the home, of the distinguished,
+  To the guest-room of the maiden,
+  Good-name bore her worthy father,
+  He that sailed the magic vessel;
+  Better-name enjoyed the mother,
+  She that baked the bread of barley,
+  She that kneaded wheaten biscuits,
+  Fed her many guests in Northland.
+  "Thus the information reached me,
+  Thus the distant stranger heard it,
+  Heard the virgin had arisen:
+  Once I walked within the court-yard,
+  Stepping near the virgin's chamber,
+  At an early hour of morning,
+  Ere the Sun had broken slumber
+  Whirling rose the soot in cloudlets,
+  Blackened wreaths of smoke came rising
+  From the chamber of the maiden,
+  From thy daughter's lofty chimney;
+  There the maid was busy grinding,
+  Moved the handles of the millstone
+  Making voices like the cuckoo,
+  Like the ducks the side-holes sounded,
+  And the sifter like the goldfinch,
+  Like the sea-pearls sang the grindstones.
+  "Then a second time I wandered
+  To the border of the meadow
+  In the forest was the maiden
+  Rocking on a fragrant hillock,
+  Dyeing red in iron vessels,
+  And in copper kettles, yellow.
+  "Then a third time did I wander
+  To the lovely maiden's window;
+  There I saw thy daughter weaving,
+  Heard the flying of her shuttle,
+  Heard the beating of her loom-lathe,
+  Heard the rattling of her treddles,
+  Heard the whirring of her yarn-reel."
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Now alas! beloved daughter,
+  I have often taught this lesson:
+  'Do not sing among the pine-trees,
+  Do not call adown the valleys,
+  Do not hang thy head in walking,
+  Do not bare thine arms, nor shoulders,
+  Keep the secrets of thy bosom,
+  Hide thy beauty and thy power.'
+  "This I told thee in the autumn,
+  Taught thee in the summer season,
+  Sang thee in the budding spring-time,
+  Sang thee when the snows were falling:
+  'Let us build a place for hiding,
+  Let us build the smallest windows,
+  Where may weave my fairest daughter,
+  Where my maid may ply her shuttle,
+  Where my joy may work unnoticed
+  By the heroes of the Northland,
+  By the suitors of Wainola.'"
+  From the floor the child made answer,
+  Fourteen days the young child numbered;
+  "Easy 'tis to hide a war-horse
+  In the Northland fields and stables;
+  Hard indeed to hide a maiden,
+  Having lovely form and features!
+  Build of stone a distant castle
+  In the middle of the ocean,
+  Keep within thy lovely maiden,
+  Train thou there thy winsome daughter,
+  Not long hidden canst thou keep her.
+  Maidens will not grow and flourish,
+  Kept apart from men and heroes,
+  Will not live without their suitors,
+  Will not thrive without their wooers;
+  Thou canst never hide a maiden,
+  Neither on the land nor water."
+  Now the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Head down-bent and heavy-hearted,
+  Wanders to his native country,
+  To Wainola's peaceful meadows,
+  To the plains of Kalevala,
+  Chanting as he journeys homeward:
+  "I have passed the age for wooing,
+  Woe is me, rejected suitor,
+  Woe is me, a witless minstrel,
+  That I did not woo and marry,
+  When my face was young and winsome,
+  When my hand was warm and welcome!
+  Youth dethrones my age and station,
+  Wealth is nothing, wisdom worthless,
+  When a hero goes a-wooing
+  With a poor but younger brother.
+  Fatal error that a hero
+  Does not wed in early manhood,
+  In his youth does not be master
+  Of a worthy wife and household."
+  Thus the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Sends the edict to his people:
+  "Old men must not go a-wooing,
+  Must not swim the sea of anger,
+  Must not row upon a wager,
+  Must not run a race for glory,
+  With the younger sons of Northland."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XX.
+
+
+
+  THE BREWING OF BEER.
+
+
+  Now we sing the wondrous legends,
+  Songs of wedding-feasts and dances,
+  Sing the melodies of wedlock,
+  Sing the songs of old tradition;
+  Sing of Ilmarinen's marriage
+  To the Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  Fairest daughter of the Northland,
+  Sing the drinking-songs of Pohya.
+  Long prepared they for the wedding
+  In Pohyola's halls and chambers,
+  In the courts of Sariola;
+  Many things that Louhi ordered,
+  Great indeed the preparations
+  For the marriage of the daughter,
+  For the feasting of the heroes,
+  For the drinking of the strangers,
+  For the feeding of the poor-folk,
+  For the people's entertainment.
+  Grew an ox in far Karjala,
+  Not the largest, nor the smallest,
+  Was the ox that grew in Suomi;
+  But his size was all-sufficient,
+  For his tail was sweeping Jamen,
+  And his head was over Kemi,
+  Horns in length a hundred fathoms,
+  Longer than the horns his mouth was;
+  Seven days it took a weasel
+  To encircle neck and shoulders;
+  One whole day a swallow journeyed
+  From one horn-tip to the other,
+  Did not stop between for resting.
+  Thirty days the squirrel travelled
+  From the tail to reach the shoulders,
+  But he could not gain the horn-tip
+  Till the Moon had long passed over.
+  This young ox of huge dimensions,
+  This great calf of distant Suomi,
+  Was conducted from Karjala
+  To the meadows of Pohyola;
+  At each horn a hundred heroes,
+  At his head and neck a thousand.
+  When the mighty ox was lassoed,
+  Led away to Northland pastures,
+  Peacefully the monster journeyed
+  By the bays of Sariola,
+  Ate the pasture on the borders;
+  To the clouds arose his shoulders,
+  And his horns to highest heaven.
+  Not in all of Sariola
+  Could a butcher be discovered
+  That could kill the ox for Louhi,
+  None of all the sons of Northland,
+  In her hosts of giant people,
+  In her rising generation,
+  In the hosts of those grown older.
+  Came a hero from a distance,
+  Wirokannas from Karelen,
+  And these words the gray-beard uttered:
+  "Wait, O wait, thou ox of Suomi,
+  Till I bring my ancient war-club;
+  Then I'll smite thee on thy forehead,
+  Break thy skull, thou willing victim!
+  Nevermore wilt thou in summer
+  Browse the woods of Sariola,
+  Bare our pastures, fields, and forests;
+  Thou, O ox, wilt feed no longer
+  Through the length and breadth of Northland,
+  On the borders of this ocean!"
+  When the ancient Wirokannas
+  Started out the ox to slaughter,
+  When Palwoinen swung his war-club,
+  Quick the victim turned his forehead,
+  Flashed his flaming eyes upon him;
+  To the fir-tree leaped the hero,
+  In the thicket hid Palwoinen,
+  Hid the gray-haired Wirokannas.
+  Everywhere they seek a butcher,
+  One to kill the ox of Suomi,
+  In the country of Karelen,
+  And among the Suomi-giants,
+  In the quiet fields of Ehstland,
+  On the battle-fields of Sweden,
+  Mid the mountaineers of Lapland,
+  In the magic fens of Turya;
+  Seek him in Tuoni's empire,
+  In the death-courts of Manala.
+  Long the search, and unsuccessful,
+  On the blue back of the ocean,
+  On the far-outstretching pastures.
+  There arose from out the sea-waves,
+  Rose a hero from the waters,
+  On the white-capped, roaring breakers,
+  From the water's broad expanses;
+  Nor belonged he to the largest,
+  Nor belonged he to the smallest;
+  Made his bed within a sea-shell,
+  Stood erect beneath a flour-sieve,
+  Hero old, with hands of iron,
+  And his face was copper-colored;
+  Quick the hero full unfolded,
+  Like the full corn from the kernel.
+  On his head a hat of flint-stone,
+  On his feet were sandstone-sandals,
+  In his hand a golden cleaver,
+  And the blade was copper-handled.
+  Thus at last they found a butcher,
+  Found the magic ox a slayer.
+  Nothing has been found so mighty
+  That it has not found a master.
+  As the sea-god saw his booty,
+  Quickly rushed he on his victim,
+  Hurled him to his knees before him,
+  Quickly felled the calf of Suomi,
+  Felled the young ox of Karelen.
+  Bountifully meat was furnished;
+  Filled at least a thousand hogsheads
+  Of his blood were seven boatfuls,
+  And a thousand weight of suet,
+  For the banquet of Pohyola,
+  For the marriage-feast of Northland.
+  In Pohyola was a guest-room,
+  Ample was the hall of Louhi,
+  Was in length a hundred furlongs,
+  And in breadth was nearly fifty;
+  When upon the roof a rooster
+  Crowed at break of early morning,
+  No one on the earth could hear him;
+  When the dog barked at one entrance,
+  None could hear him at the other.
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Hastens to the hall and court-room,
+  In the centre speaks as follows:
+  "Whence indeed will come the liquor,
+  Who will brew me beer from barley,
+  Who will make the mead abundant,
+  For the people of the Northland,
+  Coming to my daughter's marriage,
+  To her drinking-feast and nuptials?
+  Cannot comprehend the malting,
+  Never have I learned the secret,
+  Nor the origin of brewing."
+  Spake an old man from his corner:
+  "Beer arises from the barley,
+  Comes from barley, hops, and water,
+  And the fire gives no assistance.
+  Hop-vine was the son of Remu,
+  Small the seed in earth was planted,
+  Cultivated in the loose soil,
+  Scattered like the evil serpents
+  On the brink of Kalew-waters,
+  On the Osmo-fields and borders.
+  There the young plant grew and flourished,
+  There arose the climbing hop-vine,
+  Clinging to the rocks and alders.
+  "Man of good-luck sowed the barley
+  On the Osmo hills and lowlands,
+  And the barley grew and flourished,
+  Grew and spread in rich abundance,
+  Fed upon the air and water,
+  On the Osmo plains and highlands,
+  On the fields of Kalew-heroes.
+  "Time had travelled little distance,
+  Ere the hops in trees were humming,
+  Barley in the fields was singing,
+  And from Kalew's well the water,
+  This the language of the trio:
+  'Let us join our triple forces,
+  Join to each the other's powers;
+  Sad alone to live and struggle,
+  Little use in working singly,
+  Better we should toil together.'
+  "Osmotar, the beer-preparer,
+  Brewer of the drink refreshing,
+  Takes the golden grains of barley,
+  Taking six of barley-kernels,
+  Taking seven tips of hop-fruit,
+  Filling seven cups with water,
+  On the fire she sets the caldron,
+  Boils the barley, hops, and water,
+  Lets them steep, and seethe, and bubble
+  Brewing thus the beer delicious,
+  In the hottest days of summer,
+  On the foggy promontory,
+  On the island forest-covered;
+  Poured it into birch-wood barrels,
+  Into hogsheads made of oak-wood.
+  "Thus did Osmotar of Kalew
+  Brew together hops and barley,
+  Could not generate the ferment.
+  Thinking long and long debating,
+  Thus she spake in troubled accents:
+  'What will bring the effervescence,
+  Who will add the needed factor,
+  That the beer may foam and sparkle,
+  May ferment and be delightful?'
+  Kalevatar, magic maiden,
+  Grace and beauty in her fingers,
+  Swiftly moving, lightly stepping,
+  In her trimly-buckled sandals,
+  Steps upon the birch-wood bottom,
+  Turns one way, and then another,
+  In the centre of the caldron;
+  Finds within a splinter lying
+  From the bottom lifts the fragment,
+  Turns it in her fingers, musing:
+  'What may come of this I know not,
+  In the hands of magic maidens,
+  In the virgin hands of Kapo,
+  Snowy virgin of the Northland!'
+  "Kalevatar took the splinter
+  To the magic virgin, Kapo,
+  Who by unknown force and insight.
+  Rubbed her hands and knees together,
+  And produced a snow-white squirrel;
+  Thus instructed she her creature,
+  Gave the squirrel these directions:
+  'Snow-white squirrel, mountain-jewel,
+  Flower of the field and forest,
+  Haste thee whither I would send thee,
+  Into Metsola's wide limits,
+  Into Tapio's seat of wisdom;
+  Hasten through the heavy tree-tops,
+  Wisely through the thickest branches,
+  That the eagle may not seize thee,
+  Thus escape the bird of heaven.
+  Bring me ripe cones from the fir-tree,
+  From the pine-tree bring me seedlings,
+  Bring them to the hands of Kapo,
+  For the beer of Osmo's daughter.'
+  Quickly hastened forth the squirrel,
+  Quickly sped the nimble broad-tail,
+  Swiftly hopping on its journey
+  From one thicket to another,
+  From the birch-tree to the aspen,
+  From the pine-tree to the willow,
+  From the sorb-tree to the alder,
+  Jumping here and there with method,
+  Crossed the eagle-woods in safety,
+  Into Metsola's wide limits,
+  Into Tapio's seat of wisdom;
+  There perceived three magic pine-trees,
+  There perceived three smaller fir-trees,
+  Quickly climbed the dark-green branches,
+  Was not captured by the eagle,
+  Was not mangled in his talons;
+  Broke the young cones from the fir-tree,
+  Cut the shoots of pine-tree branches,
+  Hid the cones within his pouches,
+  Wrapped them in his fur-grown mittens
+  Brought them to the hands of Kapo,
+  To the magic virgin's fingers.
+  Kapo took the cones selected,
+  Laid them in the beer for ferment,
+  But it brought no effervescence,
+  And the beer was cold and lifeless.
+  "Osmotar, the beer-preparer,
+  Kapo, brewer of the liquor,
+  Deeply thought and long considered:
+  'What will bring the effervescence,
+  Who will lend me aid efficient,
+  That the beer may foam and sparkle,
+  May ferment and be refreshing?'
+  "Kalevatar, sparkling maiden,
+  Grace and beauty in her fingers,
+  Softly moving, lightly stepping,
+  In her trimly-buckled sandals,
+  Steps again upon the bottom,
+  Turns one way and then another,
+  In the centre of the caldron,
+  Sees a chip upon the bottom,
+  Takes it from its place of resting,
+  Looks upon the chip and muses
+  'What may come of this I know not,
+  In the hands of mystic maidens,
+  In the hands of magic Kapo,
+  In the virgin's snow-white fingers.'
+  "Kalevatar took the birch-chip
+  To the magic maiden, Kapo,
+  Gave it to the white-faced maiden.
+  Kapo, by the aid of magic,
+  Rubbed her hands and knees together,
+  And produced a magic marten,
+  And the marten, golden-breasted;
+  Thus instructed she her creature,
+  Gave the marten these directions.
+  'Thou, my golden-breasted marten,
+  Thou my son of golden color,
+  Haste thou whither I may send thee,
+  To the bear-dens of the mountain,
+  To the grottoes of the growler,
+  Gather yeast upon thy fingers,
+  Gather foam from lips of anger,
+  From the lips of bears in battle,
+  Bring it to the hands of Kapo,
+  To the hands of Osmo's daughter.'
+  "Then the marten golden-breasted,
+  Full consenting, hastened onward,
+  Quickly bounding on his journey,
+  Lightly leaping through the distance
+  Leaping o'er the widest rivers,
+  Leaping over rocky fissures,
+  To the bear-dens of the mountain,
+  To the grottoes of the growler,
+  Where the wild-bears fight each other,
+  Where they pass a dread existence,
+  Iron rocks, their softest pillows,
+  In the fastnesses of mountains;
+  From their lips the foam was dripping,
+  From their tongues the froth of anger;
+  This the marten deftly gathered,
+  Brought it to the maiden, Kapo,
+  Laid it in her dainty fingers.
+  "Osmotar, the beer-preparer,
+  Brewer of the beer of barley,
+  Used the beer-foam as a ferment;
+  But it brought no effervescence,
+  Did not make the liquor sparkle.
+  "Osmotar, the beer-preparer,
+  Thought again, and long debated:
+  'Who or what will bring the ferment,
+  Th at my beer may not be lifeless?'
+  "Kalevatar, magic maiden,
+  Grace and beauty in her fingers,
+  Softly moving, lightly stepping,
+  In her trimly-buckled sandals,
+  Steps again upon the bottom,
+  Turns one way and then another,
+  In the centre of the caldron,
+  Sees a pod upon the bottom,
+  Lifts it in her snow-white fingers,
+  Turns it o'er and o'er, and muses:
+  'What may come of this I know not,
+  In the hands of magic maidens,
+  In the hands of mystic Kapo,
+  In the snowy virgin's fingers?'
+  "Kalevatar, sparkling maiden,
+  Gave the pod to magic Kapo;
+  Kapo, by the aid of magic,
+  Rubbed the pod upon her knee-cap,
+  And a honey-bee came flying
+  From the pod within her fingers,
+  Kapo thus addressed her birdling:
+  'Little bee with honeyed winglets,
+  King of all the fragrant flowers,
+  Fly thou whither I direct thee,
+  To the islands in the ocean,
+  To the water-cliffs and grottoes,
+  Where asleep a maid has fallen,
+  Girdled with a belt of copper
+  By her side are honey-grasses,
+  By her lips are fragrant flowers,
+  Herbs and flowers honey-laden;
+  Gather there the sweetened juices,
+  Gather honey on thy winglets,
+  From the calyces of flowers,
+  From the tips of seven petals,
+  Bring it to the hands of Kapo,
+  To the hands of Osmo's daughter.'
+  "Then the bee, the swift-winged birdling,
+  Flew away with lightning-swiftness
+  On his journey to the islands,
+  O'er the high waves of the ocean;
+  Journeyed one day, then a second,
+  Journeyed all the next day onward,
+  Till the third day evening brought him
+  To the islands in the ocean,
+  To the water-cliffs and grottoes;
+  Found the maiden sweetly sleeping,
+  In her silver-tinselled raiment,
+  Girdled with a belt of copper,
+  In a nameless meadow, sleeping,
+  In the honey-fields of magic;
+  By her side were honeyed grasses,
+  By her lips were fragrant flowers,
+  Silver stalks with golden petals;
+  Dipped its winglets in the honey,
+  Dipped its fingers in the juices
+  Of the sweetest of the flowers,
+  Brought the honey back to Kapo,
+  To the mystic maiden's fingers.
+  "Osmotar, the beer-preparer,
+  Placed the honey in the liquor;
+  Kapo mixed the beer and honey,
+  And the wedding-beer fermented;
+  Rose the live beer upward, upward,
+  From the bottom of the vessels,
+  Upward in the tubs of birch-wood,
+  Foaming higher, higher, higher,
+  Till it touched the oaken handles,
+  Overflowing all the caldrons;
+  To the ground it foamed and sparkled,
+  Sank away in sand and gravel.
+  "Time had gone but little distance,
+  Scarce a moment had passed over,
+  Ere the heroes came in numbers
+  To the foaming beer of Northland,
+  Rushed to drink the sparkling liquor.
+  Ere all others Lemminkainen
+  Drank, and grew intoxicated
+  On the beer of Osmo's daughter,
+  On the honey-drink of Kalew.
+  "Osmotar, the beer-preparer,
+  Kapo, brewer of the barley,
+  Spake these words in saddened accents:
+  'Woe is me, my life hard-fated,
+  Badly have I brewed the liquor,
+  Have not brewed the beer in wisdom,
+  Will not live within its vessels,
+  Overflows and fills Pohyola!'
+  "From a tree-top sings the redbreast,
+  From the aspen calls the robin:
+  'Do not grieve, thy beer is worthy,
+  Put it into oaken vessels,
+  Into strong and willing barrels
+  Firmly bound with hoops of copper.'
+  "Thus was brewed the beer or Northland,
+  At the hands of Osmo's daughter;
+  This the origin of brewing
+  Beer from Kalew-hops and barley;
+  Great indeed the reputation
+  Of the ancient beer of Kalew,
+  Said to make the feeble hardy,
+  Famed to dry the tears of women,
+  Famed to cheer the broken-hearted,
+  Make the aged young and supple,
+  Make the timid brave and mighty,
+  Make the brave men ever braver,
+  Fill the heart with joy and gladness,
+  Fill the mind with wisdom-sayings,
+  Fill the tongue with ancient legends,
+  Only makes the fool more foolish."
+  When the hostess of Pohyola
+  Heard how beer was first fermented,
+  Heard the origin of brewing,
+  Straightway did she fill with water
+  Many oaken tubs and barrels;
+  Filled but half the largest vessels,
+  Mixed the barley with the water,
+  Added also hops abundant;
+  Well she mixed the triple forces
+  In her tubs of oak and birch-wood,
+  Heated stones for months succeeding,
+  Thus to boil the magic mixture,
+  Steeped it through the days of summer,
+  Burned the wood of many forests,
+  Emptied all the, springs of Pohya;
+  Daily did the, forests lesson,
+  And the wells gave up their waters,
+  Thus to aid the hostess, Louhi,
+  In the brewing of the liquors,
+  From the water, hops, and barley,
+  And from honey of the islands,
+  For the wedding-feast of Northland,
+  For Pohyola's great carousal
+  And rejoicings at the marriage
+  Of the Malden of the Rainbow
+  To the blacksmith, Ilmarinen,
+  Metal-worker of Wainola.
+  Smoke is seen upon the island,
+  Fire, upon the promontory,
+  Black smoke rising to the heavens
+  From the fire upon the island;
+  Fills with clouds the half of Pohya,
+  Fills Karelen's many hamlets;
+  All the people look and wonder,
+  This the chorus of the women:
+  "Whence are rising all these smoke-clouds,
+  Why this dreadful fire in Northland?
+  Is not like the smoke of camp-fires,
+  Is too large for fires of shepherds!"
+  Lemminkainen's ancient mother
+  Journeyed in the early morning
+  For some water to the fountain,
+  Saw the smoke arise to heaven,
+  In the region of Pohyola,
+  These the words the mother uttered:
+  "'Tis the smoke of battle-heroes,
+  From the beat of warring armies!"
+  Even Ahti, island-hero,
+  Ancient wizard, Lemminkainen,
+  Also known as Kaukomieli,
+  Looked upon the scene in wonder,
+  Thought awhile and spake as follows:
+  "I would like to see this nearer,
+  Learn the cause of all this trouble,
+  Whence this smoke and great confusion,
+  Whether smoke from heat of battle,
+  Or the bonfires of the shepherds."
+  Kaukomieli gazed and pondered,
+  Studied long the rising smoke-clouds;
+  Came not from the heat of battle,
+  Came not from the shepherd bonfires;
+  Heard they were the fires of Louhi
+  Brewing beer in Sariola,
+  On Pohyola's promontory;
+  Long and oft looked Lemminkainen,
+  Strained in eagerness his vision,
+  Stared, and peered, and thought, and wondered,
+  Looked abashed and envy-swollen,
+  "O beloved, second mother,
+  Northland's well-intentioned hostess,
+  Brew thy beer of honey-flavor,
+  Make thy liquors foam and sparkle,
+  For thy many friends invited,
+  Brew it well for Lemminkainen,
+  For his marriage in Pohyola
+  With the Maiden of the Rainbow."
+  Finally the beer was ready,
+  Beverage of noble heroes,
+  Stored away in casks and barrels,
+  There to rest awhile in silence,
+  In the cellars of the Northland,
+  In the copper-banded vessels,
+  In the magic oaken hogsheads,
+  Plugs and faucets made of copper.
+  Then the hostess of Pohyola
+  Skilfully prepared the dishes,
+  Laid them all with careful fingers
+  In the boiling-pans and kettles,
+  Ordered countless loaves of barley,
+  Ordered many liquid dishes,
+  All the delicacies of Northland,
+  For the feasting of her people,
+  For their richest entertainment,
+  For the nuptial songs and dances,
+  At the marriage of her daughter
+  With the blacksmith, Ilmarinen.
+  When the loaves were baked and ready.
+  When the dishes all were seasoned,
+  Time had gone but little distance,
+  Scarce a moment had passed over,
+  Ere the beer, in casks imprisoned,
+  Loudly rapped, and sang, and murmured:
+  "Come, ye heroes, come and take me,
+  Come and let me cheer your spirits,
+  Make you sing the songs of wisdom,
+  That with honor ye may praise me,
+  Sing the songs of beer immortal!"
+  Straightway Louhi sought a minstrel,
+  Magic bard and artist-singer,
+  That the beer might well be lauded,
+  Might be praised in song and honor.
+  First as bard they brought a salmon,
+  Also brought a pike from ocean,
+  But the salmon had no talent,
+  And the pike had little wisdom;
+  Teeth of pike and gills of salmon
+  Were not made for singing legends.
+  Then again they sought a singer,
+  Magic minstrel, beer-enchanter,
+  Thus to praise the drink of heroes,
+  Sing the songs of joy and gladness;
+  And a boy was brought for singing;
+  But the boy had little knowledge,
+  Could not praise the beer in honor;
+  Children's tongues are filled with questions,
+  Children cannot speak in wisdom,
+  Cannot sing the ancient legends.
+  Stronger grew the beer imprisoned
+  In the copper-banded vessels,
+  Locked behind the copper faucets,
+  Boiled, and foamed, and sang, and murmured:
+  "If ye do not bring a singer,
+  That will sing my worth immortal,
+  That will sing my praise deserving,
+  I will burst these bands of copper,
+  Burst the heads of all these barrels;
+  Will not serve the best of heroes
+  Till he sings my many virtues."
+  Louhi, hostess of Pohyola,
+  Called a trusted maiden-servant,
+  Sent her to invite the people
+  To the marriage of her daughter,
+  These the words that Louhi uttered:
+  "O my trusted, truthful maiden,
+  Servant-maid to me belonging,
+  Call together all my people,
+  Call the heroes to my banquet,
+  Ask the rich, and ask the needy,
+  Ask the blind and deaf, and crippled,
+  Ask the young, and ask the aged;
+  Go thou to the hills, and hedges,
+  To the highways, and the by-ways,
+  Urge them to my daughter's wedding;
+  Bring the blind, and sorely troubled,
+  In my boats upon the waters,
+  In my sledges bring the halting,
+  With the old, and sick, and needy;
+  Ask the whole of Sariola,
+  Ask the people of Karelen,
+  Ask the ancient Wainamoinen,
+  Famous bard and wisdom-singer;
+  But I give command explicit
+  Not to ask wild Lemminkainen,
+  Not the island-dweller, Ahti!"
+  This the question of the servant:
+  "Why not ask wild Lemminkainen,
+  Ancient islander and minstrel?"
+  Louhi gave this simple answer:
+  "Good the reasons that I give thee
+  Why the wizard, Lemminkainen,
+  Must not have an invitation
+  To my daughter's feast and marriage
+  Ahti courts the heat of battle,
+  Lemminkainen fosters trouble,
+  Skilful fighter of the virtues;
+  Evil thinking, acting evil,
+  He would bring but pain and sorrow,
+  He would jest and jeer at maidens
+  In their trimly buckled raiment,
+  Cannot ask the evil-minded!"
+  Thus again the servant questions:
+  "Tell me how to know this Ahti,
+  Also known as Lemminkainen,
+  That I may not ask him hither;
+  Do not know the isle of Ahti,
+  Nor the home of Kaukomieli
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Easy 'tis to know the wizard,
+  Easy find the Ahti-dwelling:
+  Ahti lives on yonder island,
+  On that point dwells Lemminkainen,
+  In his mansion near the water,
+  Far at sea his home and dwelling."
+  Thereupon the trusted maiden
+  Spread the wedding-invitations
+  To the people of Pohyola,
+  To the tribes of Kalevala;
+  Asked the friendless, asked the homeless
+  Asked the laborers and shepherds,
+  Asked the fishermen and hunters,
+  Asked the deaf, the dumb, the crippled,
+  Asked the young, and asked the aged,
+  Asked the rich, and asked the needy;
+  Did not give an invitation
+  To the reckless Lemminkainen,
+  Island-dweller of the ocean.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XXI.
+
+
+
+  ILMARINEN'S WEDDING-FEAST.
+
+
+  Louhi, hostess of the Northland,
+  Ancient dame of Sariola,
+  While at work within her dwelling,
+  Heard the whips crack on the fenlands,
+  Heard the rattle of the sledges;
+  To the northward turned her glances,
+  Turned her vision to the sunlight,
+  And her thoughts ran on as follow:
+  "Who are these in bright apparel,
+  On the banks of Pohya-waters,
+  Are they friends or hostile armies?"
+  Then the hostess of the Northland
+  Looked again and well considered,
+  Drew much nearer to examine,
+  Found they were not hostile armies,
+  Found that they were friends and suitors.
+  In the midst was Ilmarinen,
+  Son-in-law to ancient Louhi.
+  When the hostess of Pohyola
+  Saw the son-in-law approaching
+  She addressed the words that follow:
+  "I had thought the winds were raging,
+  That the piles of wood were falling,
+  Thought the pebbles in commotion,
+  Or perchance the ocean roaring;
+  Then I hastened nearer, nearer,
+  Drew still nearer and examined,
+  Found the winds were not in battle,
+  Found the piles of wood unshaken,
+  Found the ocean was not roaring,
+  Nor the pebbles in commotion,
+  Found my son-in-law was coming
+  With his heroes and attendants,
+  Heroes counted by the hundreds.
+  "Should you ask of me the question,
+  How I recognized the bridegroom
+  Mid the hosts of men and heroes,
+  I should answer, I should tell you:
+  'As the hazel-bush in copses,
+  As the oak-tree in the forest,
+  As the Moon among the planets;
+  Drives the groom a coal-black courser,
+  Running like the famished black-dog,
+  Flying like the hungry raven,
+  Graceful as the lark at morning,
+  Golden cuckoos, six in number,
+  Twitter on the birchen cross-bow;
+  There are seven bluebirds singing
+  On the racer's hame and collar."
+  Noises hear they in the court-yard,
+  On the highway hear the sledges,
+  To the court comes Ilmarinen,
+  With his body-guard of heroes;
+  In the midst the chosen suitor,
+  Not too far in front of others,
+  Not too far behind his fellows.
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Hie ye hither, men and heroes,
+  Haste, ye watchers, to the stables,
+  There unhitch the suitor's stallion,
+  Lower well the racer's breast-plate,
+  There undo the straps and buckles,
+  Loosen well the shafts and traces,
+  And conduct the suitor hither,
+  Give my son-in-law good welcome!"
+  Ilmarinen turned his racer
+  Into Louhi's yard and stables,
+  And descended from his snow-sledge.
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Come, thou servant of my bidding,
+  Best of all my trusted servants,
+  Take at once the bridegroom's courser
+  From the shafts adorned with silver,
+  From the curving arch of willow,
+  Lift the harness trimmed in copper,
+  Tie the white-face to the manger,
+  Treat the suitor's steed with kindness,
+  Lead him carefully to shelter
+  By his soft and shining bridle,
+  By his halter tipped with silver;
+  Let him roll among the sand-hills,
+  On the bottoms soft and even,
+  On the borders of the snow-banks,
+  In the fields of milky color.
+  "Lead the hero's steed to water,
+  Lead him to the Pohya-fountains,
+  Where the living streams are flowing,
+  Sweet as milk of human kindness,
+  From the roots of silvery birches,
+  Underneath the shade of aspens.
+  "Feed the courser of the suitor,
+  On the sweetest corn and barley,
+  On the summer-wheat and clover,
+  In the caldron steeped in sweetness;
+  Feed him at the golden manger,
+  In the boxes lined with copper,
+  At my manger richly furnished,
+  In the warmest of the stables;
+  Tie him with a silk-like halter,
+  To the golden rings and staples,
+  To the hooks of purest silver,
+  Set in beams of birch and oak-wood;
+  Feed him on the hay the sweetest,
+  Feed him on the corn nutritious,
+  Give the best my barns can furnish.
+  "Curry well the suitor's courser
+  With the curry-comb of fish-bone,
+  Brush his hair with silken brushes,
+  Put his mane and tail in order,
+  Cover well with flannel blankets,
+  Blankets wrought in gold and silver,
+  Buckles forged from shining copper.
+  "Come, ye small lads of the village,
+  Lead the suitor to my chambers,
+  With your auburn locks uncovered,
+  From your hands remove your mittens,
+  See if ye can lead the hero
+  Through the door without his stooping,
+  Lifting not the upper cross-bar,
+  Lowering not the oaken threshold,
+  Moving not the birchen casings,
+  Great the hero who must enter.
+  "Ilmarinen is too stately,
+  Cannot enter through the portals,
+  Not the son-in-law and bridegroom,
+  Till the portals have been heightened;
+  Taller by a head the suitor
+  Than the door-ways of the mansion."
+  Quick the servants of Pohyola
+  Tore away the upper cross-bar,
+  That his cap might not be lifted;
+  Made the oaken threshold lower
+  That the hero might not stumble;
+  Made the birch-wood portals wider,
+  Opened full the door of welcome,
+  Easy entrance for the suitor.
+  Speaks the hostess of the Northland
+  As the bridegroom freely passes
+  Through the doorway of her dwelling:
+  "Thanks are due to thee, O Ukko,
+  That my son-in-law has entered!
+  Let me now my halls examine;
+  Make the bridal chambers ready,
+  Finest linen on my tables,
+  Softest furs upon my benches,
+  Birchen flooring scrubbed to whiteness,
+  All my rooms in perfect order."
+  Then the hostess of Pohyola
+  Visited her spacious dwelling,
+  Did not recognize her chambers;
+  Every room had been remodeled,
+  Changed by force of mighty magic;
+  All the halls were newly burnished,
+  Hedge-hog bones were used for ceilings,
+  Bones of reindeer for foundations,
+  Bones of wolverine for door-sills,
+  For the cross-bars bones of roebuck,
+  Apple-wood were all the rafters,
+  Alder-wood, the window-casings,
+  Scales of trout adorned the windows,
+  And the fires were set in flowers.
+  All the seats were made of silver,
+  All the floors of copper-tiling,
+  Gold-adorned were all the tables,
+  On the floor were silken mattings,
+  Every fire-place set in copper,
+  Every hearth-stone cut from marble,
+  On each shelf were colored sea-shells,
+  Kalew's tree was their protection.
+  To the court-room came the hero,
+  Chosen suitor from Wainola,
+  These the words of Ilmarinen:
+  "Send, O Ukko, health and pleasure
+  To this ancient home and dwelling,
+  To this mansion richly fashioned!"
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Let thy coming be auspicious
+  To these halls of thee unworthy,
+  To the home of thine affianced,
+  To this dwelling lowly fashioned,
+  Mid the lindens and the aspens.
+  "Come, ye maidens that should serve me,
+  Come, ye fellows from the village,
+  Bring me fire upon the birch-bark,
+  Light the fagots of the fir-tree,
+  That I may behold the bridegroom,
+  Chosen suitor of my daughter,
+  Fairy Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  See the color of his eyeballs,
+  Whether they are blue or sable,
+  See if they are warm and faithful."
+  Quick the young lads from the village
+  Brought the fire upon the birch-bark,
+  Brought it on the tips of pine-wood;
+  And the fire and smoke commingled
+  Roll and roar about the hero,
+  Blackening the suitor's visage,
+  And the hostess speaks as follows;
+  "Bring the fire upon a taper,
+  On the waxen tapers bring it!"
+  Then the maidens did as bidden,
+  Quickly brought the lighted tapers,
+  Made the suitor's eyeballs glisten,
+  Made his cheeks look fresh and ruddy;
+  Made his eyes of sable color
+  Sparkle like the foam of waters,
+  Like the reed-grass on the margin,
+  Colored as the ocean jewels,
+  Iridescent as the rainbow.
+  "Come, ye fellows of the hamlet,
+  Lead my son-in-law and hero
+  To the highest seat at table,
+  To the seat of greatest honor,
+  With his back upon the blue-wall,
+  Looking on my bounteous tables,
+  Facing all the guests of Northland."
+  Then the hostess of Pohyola
+  Served her guests in great abundance,
+  Richest drinks and rarest viands,
+  First of all she, served the bridegroom
+  On his platters, honeyed biscuit,
+  And the sweetest river salmon,
+  Seasoned butter, roasted bacon,
+  All the dainties of Pohyola.
+  Then the helpers served the others,
+  Filled the plates of all invited
+  With the varied food of Northland.
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola:
+  "Come, ye maidens from the village,
+  Hither bring the beer in pitchers,
+  In the urns with double handles,
+  To the many guests in-gathered,
+  Ere all others, serve the bridegroom."
+  Thereupon the merry maidens
+  Brought the beer in silver pitchers
+  From the copper-banded vessels,
+  For the wedding-guests assembled;
+  And the beer, fermenting, sparkled
+  On the beard of Ilmarinen,
+  On the beards of many heroes.
+  When the guests had all partaken
+  Of the wondrous beer of barley,
+  Spake the beer in merry accents
+  Through the tongues of the magicians,
+  Through the tongue of many a hero,
+  Through the tongue of Wainamoinen,
+  Famed to be the sweetest singer
+  Of the Northland bards and minstrels,
+  These the words of the enchanter:
+  "O thou beer of honeyed flavor,
+  Let us not imbibe in silence,
+  Let some hero sing thy praises,
+  Sing thy worth in golden measures;
+  Let the hostess start the singing,
+  Let the bridegroom sound thy virtues!
+  Have our songs thus quickly vanished,
+  Have our joyful tongues grown silent?
+  Evil then has been the brewing,
+  Then the beer must be unworthy,
+  That it does not cheer the singer,
+  Does not move the merry minstrel,
+  That the golden guests are joyless,
+  And the cuckoo is not singing.
+  Never will these benches echo
+  Till the bench-guests chant thy virtues;
+  Nor the floor resound thy praises
+  Till the floor-guests sing in concord;
+  Nor the windows join the chorus
+  Till the window-guests have spoken;
+  All the tables will keep silence
+  Till the heroes toast thy virtues;
+  Little singing from the chimney
+  Till the chimney-guests have chanted."
+  On the floor a child was sitting,
+  Thus the little boy made answer:
+  "I am small and young in singing,
+  Have perchance but little wisdom;
+  Be that as it may, my seniors,
+  Since the elder minstrels sing not,
+  Nor the heroes chant their legends,
+  Nor the hostess lead the singing,
+  I will sing my simple stories,
+  Sing my little store of knowledge,
+  To the pleasure of the evening,
+  To the joy of the invited."
+  Near the fire reclined an old man,
+  And the gray-beard thus made answer:
+  "Not the time for children's singing,
+  Children's wisdom is too ready,
+  Children's songs are filled with trifles,
+  Filled with shrewd and vain deceptions,
+  Maiden-songs are full of follies;
+  Leave the songs and incantations
+  To the ancient wizard-singers;
+  Leave the tales of times primeval
+  To the minstrel of Wainola,
+  To the hero of the Northland,
+  To the, ancient Wainamoinen."
+  Thereupon Osmoinen answered:
+  "Are there not some sweeter singers
+  In this honored congregation,
+  That will clasp their hands together,
+  Sing the ancient songs unbroken,
+  Thus begin the incantations,
+  Make these ancient halls re-echo
+  For the pleasure of the evening,
+  For the joy of the in-gathered?"
+  From the hearth-stone spake, the gray-beard
+  "Not a singer of Pohyola,
+  Not a minstrel, nor magician,
+  That was better skilled in chanting
+  Legends of the days departed,
+  Than was I when I was singing,
+  In my years of vain ambition;
+  Then I chanted tales of heroes,
+  On the blue back of the waters,
+  Sang the ballads of my people,
+  In the vales and on the mountains,
+  Through the verdant fields and forests;
+  Sweet my voice and skilled my singing,
+  All my songs were highly lauded,
+  Rippled like the quiet rivers,
+  Easy-flowing like the waters,
+  Easy-gliding as the snow-shoes,
+  Like the ship upon the ocean.
+  "Woe is me, my days are ended,
+  Would not recognize my singing,
+  All its sweetness gone to others,
+  Flows no more like rippling waters,
+  Makes no more the hills re-echo!
+  Now my songs are full of discord,
+  Like the rake upon the stubble,
+  Like the sledge upon the gravel,
+  Like the boat upon the sea-shore!"
+  Then the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Spake these words in magic measures:
+  "Since no other bard appeareth
+  That will clasp my hand in singing,
+  I will sing some simple legends,
+  Sing my, garnered store of wisdom,
+  Make these magic halls re-echo
+  With my tales of ancient story,
+  Since a bard I was created,
+  Born an orator and singer;
+  Do not ask the ways of others,
+  Follow not the paths of strangers."
+  Wainamoinen, famous minstrel,
+  Song's eternal, wise supporter,
+  Then began the songs of pleasure,
+  Made the halls resound with joyance,
+  Filled the rooms with wondrous singing;
+  Sang the ancient bard-magician
+  All the oldest wisdom-sayings,
+  Did not fail in voice nor legends,
+  All the wisest thoughts remembered.
+  Thus the ancient Wainamoinen
+  Sang the joy of all assembled,
+  To the pleasure of the evening,
+  To the merriment of maidens,
+  To the happiness of heroes;
+  All the guests were stilled in wonder
+  At the magic of his singing,
+  At the songs of the magician.
+  Spake again wise Wainamoinen,
+  When his wonder-tales had ended:
+  "l have little worth or power,
+  Am a bard of little value,
+  Little consequence my singing,
+  Mine abilities as nothing,
+  If but Ukko, my Creator,
+  Should intone his wisdom-sayings,
+  Sing the source of good and evil,
+  Sing the origin of matter,
+  Sing the legends of omniscience,
+  Sing his songs in full perfection.
+  God could sing the floods to honey,
+  Sing the sands to ruddy berries,
+  Sing the pebbles into barley,
+  Sing to beer the running waters,
+  Sing to salt the rocks of ocean,
+  Into corn-fields sing the forests,
+  Into gold the forest-fruitage,
+  Sing to bread the hills and mountains,
+  Sing to eggs the rounded sandstones;
+  He could touch the springs of magic,
+  He could turn the keys of nature,
+  And produce within thy pastures,
+  Hurdles filled with sheep and reindeer,
+  Stables filled with fleet-foot stallions,
+  Kine in every field and fallow;
+  Sing a fur-robe for the bridegroom,
+  For the bride a coat of ermine,
+  For the hostess, shoes of silver,
+  For the hero, mail of copper.
+  "Grant O Ukko, my Creator,
+  God of love, and truth, and justice,
+  Grant thy blessing on our feasting,
+  Bless this company assembled,
+  For the good of Sariola,
+  For the happiness of Northland!
+  May this bread and beer bring joyance,
+  May they come in rich abundance,
+  May they carry full contentment
+  To the people of Pohyola,
+  To the cabin and the mansion;
+  May the hours we spend in singing,
+  In the morning, in the evening,
+  Fill our hearts with joy and gladness!
+  Hear us in our supplications,
+  Grant to us thy needed blessings,
+  Send enjoyment, health, and comfort,
+  To the people here assembled,
+  To the host and to the hostess,
+  To the bride and to the bridegroom,
+  To the sons upon the waters,
+  To the daughters at their weavings,
+  To the hunters on the mountains,
+  To the shepherds in the fenlands,
+  That our lives may end in honor,
+  That we may recall with pleasure
+  Ilmarinen's magic marriage
+  To the Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  Snow-white virgin of the Northland."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XXII.
+
+
+
+  THE BRIDE S FAREWELL.
+
+
+  When the marriage was completed,
+  When the many guests had feasted,
+  At the wedding of the Northland,
+  At the Dismal-land carousal,
+  Spake the hostess of Pohyola
+  To the blacksmith, Ilmarinen:
+  "Wherefore, bridegroom, dost thou linger,
+  Why art waiting, Northland hero?
+  Sittest for the father's pleasure,
+  For affection of the mother,
+  For the splendor of the maidens,
+  For the beauty of the daughter?
+  Noble son-in-law and brother,
+  Wait thou longer, having waited
+  Long already for the virgin,
+  Thine affianced is not ready,
+  Not prepared, thy life-companion,
+  Only are her tresses braided.
+  "Chosen bridegroom, pride of Pohya,
+  Wait thou longer, having waited
+  Long already for the virgin,
+  Thy beloved is preparing,
+  Only is one hand made ready.
+  "Famous artist, Ilmarinen,
+  Wait still longer, having waited
+  Long already for the virgin,
+  Thy beloved is not ready,
+  Only is one foot in fur-shoes,"
+  Spake again the ancient Louhi:
+  "Chosen suitor of my daughter,
+  Thou hast thrice in kindness waited,
+  Wait no longer for the virgin,
+  Thy beloved now is ready,
+  Well prepared thy life-companion,
+  Fairy Maiden of the Rainbow.
+  "Beauteous daughter, join thy suitor,
+  Follow him, thy chosen husband,
+  Very near is the uniting,
+  Near indeed thy separation.
+  At thy hand the honored bridegroom,
+  Near the door he waits to lead thee,
+  Guide thee to his home and kindred;
+  At the gate his steed is waiting,
+  Restless champs his silver bridle,
+  And the sledge awaits thy presence.
+  "Thou wert anxious for a suitor,
+  Ready to accept his offer,
+  Wert in haste to take his jewels,
+  Place his rings upon thy fingers;
+  Now, fair daughter, keep thy promise;
+  To his sledge, with happy footsteps,
+  Hie in haste to join the bridegroom,
+  Gaily journey to the village
+  With thy chosen life-companion,
+  With thy suitor, Ilmarinen.
+  Little hast thou looked about thee,
+  Hast not raised thine eyes above thee,
+  Beauteous maiden of the Northland,
+  Hast thou made a rueful bargain,
+  Full of wailing thine engagement,
+  And thy marriage full of sorrow,
+  That thy father's ancient cottage
+  Thou art leaving now forever,
+  Leaving also friends and kindred,
+  For the, blacksmith, Ilmarinen?
+  "O how beautiful thy childhood,
+  In thy father's dwelling-places,
+  Nurtured like a tender flower,
+  Like the strawberry in spring-time
+  Soft thy couch and sweet thy slumber,
+  Warm thy fires and rich thy table;
+  From the fields came corn in plenty,
+  From the highlands, milk and berries,
+  Wheat and barley in abundance,
+  Fish, and fowl, and hare, and bacon,
+  From thy father's fields and forests.
+  "Never wert thou, child, in sorrow,
+  Never hadst thou grief nor trouble,
+  All thy cares were left to fir-trees,
+  All thy worry to the copses,
+  All thy weeping to the willows,
+  All thy sighing to the lindens,
+  All thy thinking to the aspens
+  And the birches on the mountains,
+  Light and airy as the leaflet,
+  As a butterfly in summer,
+  Ruddy as a mountain-berry,
+  Beautiful as vernal flowers.
+  "Now thou leavest home and kindred,
+  Wanderest to other firesides,
+  Goest to another mother,
+  Other sisters, other brothers,
+  Goest to a second father,
+  To the servant-folk of strangers,
+  From thy native hills and lowlands.
+  There and here the homes will differ,
+  Happier thy mother's hearth-stone;
+  Other horns will there be sounded,
+  Other portals there swing open,
+  Other hinges there be creaking;
+  There the doors thou canst not enter
+  Like the daughters of Wainola,
+  Canst not tend the fires and ovens
+  As will please the minds of strangers.
+  "Didst thou think, my fairest maiden,
+  Thou couldst wed and on the morrow
+  Couldst return, if thou shouldst wish it,
+  To thy father's court and dwelling?
+  Not for one, nor two, nor three days,
+  Wilt thou leave thy mother's chambers,
+  Leave thy sisters and thy brothers,
+  Leave thy father's hills and lowlands.
+  Long the time the wife must wander,
+  Many months and years must wander,
+  Work, and struggle, all her life long,
+  Even though the mother liveth.
+  Great, indeed, must be the changes
+  When thou comest back to Pohya,
+  Changed, thy friends and nearest kindred,
+  Changed, thy father's ancient dwellings,
+  Changed, the valleys and the mountains,
+  Other birds will sing thy praises!"
+  When the mother thus had spoken,
+  Then the daughter spake, departing:
+  "In my early days of childhood
+  Often I intoned these measures:
+  'Art a virgin, yet no virgin,
+  Guided by an aged mother,
+  In a brother's fields and forests,
+  In the mansion of a father!
+  Only wilt become a virgin,
+  Only when thou hast a suitor,
+  Only when thou wedst a hero,
+  One foot on the father's threshold,
+  And the other for the snow-sledge
+  That will speed thee and thy husband
+  To his native vales and highlands!'
+  "I have wished thus many summers,
+  Sang it often in my childhood,
+  Hoped for this as for the flowers,
+  Welcome as the birds of spring-time.
+  Thus fulfilled are all my wishes,
+  Very near is my departure,
+  One foot on my father's threshold,
+  And the, other for the journey
+  With my husband to his people;
+  Cannot understand the reason
+  That has changed my former feelings,
+  Cannot leave thee now with gladness,
+  Cannot go with great rejoicing
+  From my dear, old home and kindred,
+  Where as maiden I have lingered,
+  From the courts where I was nurtured,
+  From my father's band and guidance,
+  From my faithful mother's counsel.
+  Now I go, a maid of sorrow,
+  Heavy-hearted to the bridegroom,
+  Like the bride of Night in winter,
+  Like the ice upon the rivers.
+  "Such is not the mind of others,
+  Other brides of Northland heroes;
+  Others do not leave unhappy,
+  Have no tears, nor cares, nor sorrows,
+  I alas! must weep and murmur,
+  Carry to my grave great sadness,
+  Heart as dark as Death's black river.
+  "Such the feelings of the happy,
+  Such the minds of merry maidens:
+  Like the early dawn of spring-time,
+  Like the rising Sun in summer
+  No such radiance awaits me,
+  With my young heart filled with terror;
+  Happiness is not my portion,
+  Like the flat-shore of the ocean,
+  Like the dark rift of the storm-cloud,
+  Like the cheerless nights of winter!
+  Dreary is the day in autumn,
+  Dreary too the autumn evening,
+  Still more dreary is my future!"
+  An industrious old maiden,
+  Ever guarding home and kindred,
+  Spake these words of doubtful comfort:
+  "Dost thou, beauteous bride, remember,
+  Canst thou not recall my counsels?
+  These the words that I have taught thee:
+  'Look not joyfully for suitors,
+  Never heed the tongues of wooers,
+  Look not in the eyes of charmers,
+  At their feet let fall thy vision.
+  He that hath a mouth for sweetness,
+  He that hath an eye for beauty,
+  Offers little that will comfort;
+  Lempo sits upon his forehead,
+  In his mouth dwells dire Tuoni.'
+  "Thus, fair bride, did I advise thee,
+  Thus advised my sister's daughter:
+  Should there come the best of suitors,
+  Noblest wooers, proudest lovers,
+  Give to all these wisdom-sayings,
+  Let thine answer be as follows:
+  'Never will I think it wisdom,
+  Never will it be my pleasure,
+  To become a second daughter,
+  Linger with my husband's mother;
+  Never shall I leave my father,
+  Never wander forth to bondage,
+  At the bidding of a bridegroom:
+  Never shall I be a servant,
+  Wife and slave to any hero,
+  Never will I be submissive
+  To the orders of a husband.'
+  "Fairest bride, thou didst not heed me,
+  Gav'st no thought to my advices,
+  Didst not listen to my counsel;
+  Wittingly thy feet have wandered
+  Into boiling tar and water,
+  Hastened to thy suitor's snow-sledge,
+  To the bear-dens of thy husband,
+  On his sledge to be ill-treated,
+  Carried to his native country,
+  To the bondage of his people,
+  There, a subject to his mother.
+  Thou hast left thy mother's dwelling,
+  To the schooling of the master;
+  Hard indeed the master's teachings,
+  Little else than constant torture;
+  Ready for thee are his bridles,
+  Ready for thy bands the shackles,
+  Were not forged for any other;
+  Soon, indeed, thou'lt feel the hardness,
+  Feel the weight of thy misfortune,
+  Feel thy second father's censure,
+  And his wife's inhuman treatment,
+  Hear the cold words or thy brother,
+  Quail before thy haughty sister.
+  "Listen, bride, to what I tell thee:
+  In thy home thou wert a jewel,
+  Wert thy father's pride and pleasure,
+  'Moonlight,' did thy father call thee,
+  And thy mother called thee 'Sunshine,'
+  'Sea-foam' did thy brother call thee,
+  And thy sister called thee 'Flower.'
+  When thou leavest home and kindred
+  Goest to a second mother,
+  Often she will give thee censure,
+  Never treat thee as her daughter,
+  Rarely will she give thee counsel,
+  Never will she sound thy praises.
+  'Brush-wood,' will the father call thee,
+  'Sledge of Rags,' thy husband's mother,
+  'Flight of Stairs,' thy stranger brother,
+  'Scare-crow,' will the sister call thee,
+  Sister of thy blacksmith-husband;
+  Then wilt think of my good counsels,
+  Then wilt wish in tears and murmurs,
+  That as steam thou hadst ascended,
+  That as smoke thy soul had risen,
+  That as sparks thy life had vanished.
+  As a bird thou canst not wander
+  From thy nest to circle homeward,
+  Canst not fall and die like leaflets,
+  As the sparks thou canst not perish,
+  Like the smoke thou canst not vanish.
+  "Youthful bride, and darling sister,
+  Thou hast bartered all thy friendships,
+  Hast exchanged thy loving father,
+  Thou hast left thy faithful mother
+  For the mother of thy husband;
+  Hast exchanged thy loving brother,
+  Hast renounced thy gentle sister,
+  For the kindred of thy suitor;
+  Hast exchanged thy snow-white covers
+  For the rocky couch of sorrow;
+  Hast exchanged these crystal waters
+  For the waters of Wainola;
+  Hast renounced these sandy sea-shores
+  For the muddy banks of Kalew;
+  Northland glens thou hast forsaken
+  For thy husband's barren meadows;
+  Thou hast left thy berry-mountains
+  For the stubble-fields and deserts.
+  "Thou, O maiden, hast been thinking
+  Thou wouldst happy be in wedlock;
+  Neither work, nor care, nor sorrow,
+  From this night would be thy portion,
+  With thy husband for protection.
+  Not to sleep art thou conducted,
+  Not to happiness, nor joyance,
+  Wakefulness, thy night-companion,
+  And thy day-attendant, trouble;
+  Often thou wilt drink of sorrow,
+  Often long for vanished pleasures.
+  "When at home thou hadst no head-gear,
+  Thou hadst also little sadness;
+  When thy couch was not of linen,
+  No unhappiness came nigh thee;
+  Head-gear brings but pain and sorrow,
+  Linen breeds bad dispositions,
+  Linen brings but deeps of anguish,
+  And the flax untimely mourning.
+  "Happy in her home, the maiden,
+  Happy at her father's fireside,
+  Like the master in his mansion,
+  Happy with her bows and arrows.
+  'Tis not thus with married women;
+  Brides of heroes may be likened
+  To the prisoners of Moskva,
+  Held in bondage by their masters.
+  "As a wife, must weep and labor,
+  Carry trouble on both shoulders;
+  When the next hour passes over,
+  Thou must tend the fire and oven,
+  Must prepare thy husband's dinner,
+  Must direct thy master's servants.
+  When thine evening meal is ready,
+  Thou must search for bidden wisdom
+  In the brain of perch and salmon,
+  In the mouths of ocean whiting,
+  Gather wisdom from the cuckoo,
+  Canst not learn it from thy mother,
+  Mother dear of seven daughters;
+  Cannot find among her treasures
+  Where were born the human instincts,
+  Where were born the minds of heroes,
+  Whence arose the maiden's beauty,
+  Whence the beauty of her tresses,
+  Why all life revives in spring-time.
+  "Weep, O weep, my pretty young bride.
+  When thou weepest, weep sincerely,
+  Weep great rivers from thine eyelids,
+  Floods of tears in field and fallow,
+  Lakelets in thy father's dwelling;
+  Weep thy rooms to overflowing,
+  Shed thy tears in great abundance,
+  Lest thou weepest on returning
+  To thy native hills and valleys,
+  When thou visitest thy father
+  In the smoke of waning glory,
+  On his arm a withered tassel.
+  "Weep, O weep, my lovely maiden,
+  When thou weepest, weep in earnest,
+  Weep great rivers from thine eyelids;
+  If thou dost not weep sincerely,
+  Thou wilt weep on thy returning
+  To thy Northland home and kindred,
+  When thou visitest thy mother
+  Old and breathless near the hurdles,
+  In her arms a barley-bundle.
+  "Weep, O weep, sweet bride of beauty,
+  When thou weepest, weep profusely;
+  If thou dost not weep in earnest,
+  Thou wilt weep on thy returning
+  To thy native vales and highlands,
+  When thou visitest thy brother
+  Lying wounded by the way-side,
+  In his hand but empty honors.
+  "Weep, O weep, my sister's daughter,
+  Weep great rivers from thine eyelids;
+  If thou dost not weep sufficient,
+  Thou wilt weep on thy returning
+  To the scenes of happy childhood,
+  When thou visitest thy sister
+  Lying, prostrate in the meadow,
+  In her hand a birch-wood mallet."
+  When the ancient maid had ended,
+  Then the young bride sighed in anguish,
+  Straightway fell to bitter weeping,
+  Spake these words in deeps of sorrow:
+  "O, ye sisters, my beloved,
+  Ye companions of my childhood,
+  Playmates of my early summers,
+  Listen to your sister's counsel:
+  Cannot comprehend the reason,
+  Why my mind is so dejected,
+  Why this weariness and sadness,
+  This untold and unseen torture,
+  Cannot understand the meaning
+  Of this mighty weight of sorrow!
+  Differently I had thought it,
+  I had hoped for greater pleasures,
+  I had hoped to sing as cuckoos,
+  On the hill-tops call and echo,
+  When I had attained this station,
+  Reached at last the goal expectant;
+  But I am not like the cuckoo,
+  Singing, merry on the hill-tops;
+  I am like the songless blue-duck,
+  As she swims upon the waters,
+  Swims upon the cold, cold ocean,
+  Icicles upon her pinions.
+  "Ancient father, gray-haired mother,
+  Whither do ye wish to lead me,
+  Whither take this bride, thy daughter,
+  That this sorrow may pass over,
+  Where this heavy heart may lighten,
+  Where this grief may turn to gladness?
+  Better it had been, O mother,
+  Hadst thou nursed a block of birch-wood,
+  Hadst thou clothed the colored sandstone,
+  Rather than this hapless maiden,
+  For the fulness of these sorrows,
+  For this keen and killing trouble.
+  Many sympathizers tell me:
+  'Foolish bride, thou art ungrateful,
+  Do not grieve, thou child of sorrow,
+  Thou hast little cause for weeping.'
+  "O, deceive me not, my people,
+  Do not argue with me falsely,
+  For alas! I have more troubles
+  Than the waterfalls have pebbles,
+  Than the Ingerland has willows,
+  Than the Suomi-hills have berries;
+  Never could the Pohya plow-horse
+  Pull this mighty weight of sorrow,
+  Shaking not his birchen cross-bar,
+  Breaking not his heavy collar;
+  Never could the Northland reindeer
+  Heavy shod and stoutly harnessed,
+  Draw this load of care and trouble."
+  By the stove a babe was playing,
+  And the young child spake as follows:
+  "Why, O fair bride, art thou weeping,
+  Why these tears of pain and sadness?
+  Leave thy troubles to the elk-herds,
+  And thy grief to sable fillies,
+  Let the steeds of iron bridles
+  Bear the burden of thine anguish,
+  Horses have much larger foreheads,
+  Larger shoulders, stronger sinews,
+  And their necks are made for labor,
+  Stronger are their bones and muscles,
+  Let them bear thy heavy burdens.
+  There is little good in weeping,
+  Useless are thy tears of sorrow;
+  Art not led to swamps and lowlands,
+  Nor to banks of little rivers;
+  Thou art led to fields of flowers,
+  Led to fruitful trees and forests,
+  Led away from beer of Pohya
+  To the sweeter mead of Kalew.
+  At thy shoulder waits thy husband,
+  On thy right side, Ilmarinen,
+  Constant friend and life-protector,
+  He will guard thee from all evil;
+  Husband ready, steed in waiting,
+  Gold-and-silver-mounted harness,
+  Hazel-birds that sing and flutter
+  On the courser's yoke and cross-bar;
+  Thrushes also sing and twitter
+  Merrily on hame and collar,
+  Seven bluebirds, seven cuckoos,
+  Sing thy wedding-march in concord.
+  "Be no longer full of sorrow,
+  Dry thy tears, thou bride of beauty,
+  Thou hast found a noble husband,
+  Better wilt thou fare than ever,
+  By the side of Ilmarinen,
+  Artist husband, metal-master,
+  Bread-provider of thy table,
+  On the arm of the fish-catcher,
+  On the breast of the elk-hunter,
+  By the side of the bear-killer.
+  Thou hast won the best of suitors,
+  Hast obtained a mighty hero;
+  Never idle is his cross-bow,
+  On the nails his quivers hang not,
+  Neither are his dogs in kennel,
+  Active agents is his bunting.
+  Thrice within the budding spring-time
+  In the early hours of morning
+  He arises from his fare-couch,
+  From his slumber in the brush-wood,
+  Thrice within the sowing season,
+  On his eyes the deer has fallen,
+  And the branches brushed his vesture,
+  And his locks been combed by fir-boughs.
+  Hasten homeward with thy husband,
+  Where thy hero's friends await thee,
+  Where his forests sing thy welcome.
+  "Ilmarinen there possesses
+  All the birds that fly in mid-air,
+  All the beasts that haunt the woodlands,
+  All that feed upon the mountains,
+  All that graze on hill and valley,
+  Sheep and cattle by the thousands;
+  Sweet the grass upon his meadows,
+  Sweet the barley in his uplands,
+  In the lowlands corn abundant,
+  Wheat upon the elm-wood fallows,
+  Near the streamlets rye is waving,
+  Waving grain on many acres,
+  On his mountains gold and silver,
+  Rich his mines of shining copper,
+  Highlands filled with magic metals,
+  Chests of jewels in his store-house,
+  All the wealth of Kalevala."
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XXIII.
+
+
+
+  OSMOTAR THE BRIDE-ADVISER
+
+
+  Now the bride must be instructed,
+  Who will teach the Maid of Beauty,
+  Who instruct the Rainbow-daughter?
+  Osmotar, the wisdom-maiden,
+  Kalew's fair and lovely virgin,
+  Osmotar will give instructions
+  To the bride of Ilmarinen,
+  To the orphaned bride of Pohya,
+  Teach her how to live in pleasure,
+  How to live and reign in glory,
+  Win her second mother's praises,
+  Joyful in her husband's dwelling.
+  Osmotar in modest accents
+  Thus the anxious bride addresses;
+  "Maid of Beauty, lovely sister,
+  Tender plant of Louhi's gardens,
+  Hear thou what thy sister teaches,
+  Listen to her sage instructions:
+  Go thou hence, my much beloved,
+  Wander far away, my flower,
+  Travel on enwrapped in colors,
+  Glide away in silks and ribbons,
+  From this house renowned and ancient,
+  From thy father's halls and court-yards
+  Haste thee to thy husband's village,
+  Hasten to his mother's household;
+  Strange, the rooms in other dwellings,
+  Strange, the modes in other hamlets.
+  "Full of thought must be thy going,
+  And thy work be well considered,
+  Quite unlike thy home in Northland,
+  On the meadows of thy father,
+  On the high-lands of thy brother,
+  Singing through thy mother's fenlands,
+  Culling daisies with thy sister.
+  "When thou goest from thy father
+  Thou canst take whatever pleases,
+  Only three things leave behind thee:
+  Leave thy day-dreams to thy sister,
+  Leave thou kindness for thy mother,
+  To thy brother leave thy labors,
+  Take all else that thou desirest.
+  Throw away thine incantations,
+  Cast thy sighing to the pine-trees,
+  And thy maidenhood to zephyrs,
+  Thy rejoicings to the couches,
+  Cast thy trinkets to the children,
+  And thy leisure to the gray-beards,
+  Cast all pleasures to thy playmates,
+  Let them take them to the woodlands,
+  Bury them beneath the mountain.
+  "Thou must hence acquire new habits,
+  Must forget thy former customs,
+  Mother-love must be forsaken,
+  Thou must love thy husband's mother,
+  Lower must thy head be bended,
+  Kind words only must thou utter.
+  "Thou must hence acquire new habits,
+  Must forget thy former customs,
+  Father-love must be forsaken,
+  Thou must love thy husband's father,
+  Lower must thy head be bended,
+  Kind words only must thou utter.
+  "Thou must hence acquire new habits,
+  Must forget thy former customs,
+  Brother-love must be forsaken,
+  Thou must love thy husband's brother,
+  Lower must thy head be bended,
+  Kind words only must thou utter.
+  "Thou must hence acquire new habits
+  Must forget thy former customs,
+  Sister-love must be forsaken,
+  Thou must love thy husband's sister,
+  Lower must thy head be bended,
+  Kind words only must thou utter.
+  "Never in the course of ages,
+  Never while the moonlight glimmers,
+  Wickedly approach thy household,
+  Nor unworthily, thy servants,
+  Nor thy courts with indiscretion;
+  Let thy dwellings sing good manners,
+  And thy walls re-echo virtue.
+  After mind the hero searches.
+  And the best of men seek honor,
+  Seek for honesty and wisdom;
+  If thy home should be immoral,
+  If thine inmates fail in virtue,
+  Then thy gray-beards would be black-dogs
+  In sheep's clothing at thy firesides;
+  All thy women would be witches,
+  Wicked witches in thy chambers,
+  And thy brothers be as serpents
+  Crawling through thy husband's mansion;
+  All thy sisters would be famous
+  For their evil thoughts and conduct.
+  "Equal honors must be given
+  To thy husband's friends and kindred;
+  Lower must thy head be bended,
+  Than within thy mother's dwelling,
+  Than within thy father's guest-room,
+  When thou didst thy kindred honor.
+  Ever strive to give good counsel,
+  Wear a countenance of sunshine,
+  Bear a head upon thy shoulders
+  Filled with wise and ancient sayings;
+  Open bright thine eyes at morning
+  To behold the silver sunrise,
+  Sharpen well thine ears at evening,
+  Thus to hear the rooster crowing;
+  When he makes his second calling,
+  Straightway thou must rise from slumber,
+  Let the aged sleep in quiet;
+  Should the rooster fail to call thee,
+  Let the moonbeams touch thine eyelids,
+  Let the Great Bear be thy keeper
+  Often go thou and consult them,
+  Call upon the Moon for counsel,
+  Ask the Bear for ancient wisdom,
+  From the stars divine thy future;
+  When the Great Bear faces southward,
+  When his tail is pointing northward,
+  This is time to break with slumber,
+  Seek for fire within the ashes,
+  Place a spark upon the tinder,
+  Blow the fire through all the fuel.
+  If no spark is in the ashes,
+  Then go wake thy hero-husband,
+  Speak these words to him on waking:
+  'Give me fire, O my beloved,
+  Give a single spark, my husband,
+  Strike a little fire from flintstone,
+  Let it fall upon my tinder.'
+  "From the spark, O Bride of Beauty,
+  Light thy fires, and heat thine ovens,
+  In the holder, place the torch-light,
+  Find thy pathway to the stables,
+  There to fill the empty mangers;
+  If thy husband's cows be lowing,
+  If thy brother's steeds be neighing,
+  Then the cows await thy coming,
+  And the steeds for thee are calling,
+  Hasten, stooping through the hurdles,
+  Hasten through the yards and stables,
+  Feed thy husband's cows with pleasure,
+  Feed with care the gentle lambkins,
+  Give the cows the best of clover,
+  Hay, and barley, to the horses,
+  Feed the calves of lowing mothers,
+  Feed the fowl that fly to meet thee.
+  "Never rest upon the haymow,
+  Never sleep within the hurdles,
+  When the kine are fed and tended,
+  When the flocks have all been watered;
+  Hasten thence, my pretty matron,
+  Like the snow-flakes to thy dwelling,
+  There a crying babe awaits thee,
+  Weeping in his couch neglected,
+  Cannot speak and tell his troubles,
+  Speechless babe, and weeping infant,
+  Cannot say that he is hungry,
+  Whether pain or cold distresses,
+  Greets with joy his mother's footsteps.
+  Afterward repair in silence
+  To thy husband's rooms and presence,
+  Early visit thou his chambers,
+  In thy hand a golden pitcher,
+  On thine arm a broom of birch-wood,
+  In thy teeth a lighted taper,
+  And thyself the fourth in order.
+  Sweep thou then thy hero's dwelling,
+  Dust his benches and his tables,
+  Wash the flooring well with water.
+  "If the baby of thy sister
+  Play alone within his corner,
+  Show the little child attention,
+  Bathe his eyes and smoothe his ringlets,
+  Give the infant needed comforts;
+  Shouldst thou have no bread of barley,
+  In his hand adjust some trinket.
+  "Lastly, when the week has ended,
+  Give thy house a thorough cleansing,
+  Benches, tables, walls, and ceilings;
+  What of dust is on the windows,
+  Sweep away with broom of birch-twigs,
+  All thy rooms must first be sprinkled,
+  at the dust may not be scattered,
+  May not fill the halls and chambers.
+  Sweep the dust from every crevice,
+  Leave thou not a single atom;
+  Also sweep the chimney-corners,
+  Do not then forget the rafters,
+  Lest thy home should seem untidy,
+  Lest thy dwelling seem neglected.
+  "Hear, O maiden, what I tell thee,
+  Learn the tenor of my teaching:
+  Never dress in scanty raiment,
+  Let thy robes be plain and comely,
+  Ever wear the whitest linen,
+  On thy feet wear tidy fur-shoes,
+  For the glory of thy husband,
+  For the honor of thy hero.
+  Tend thou well the sacred sorb-tree,
+  Guard the mountain-ashes planted
+  In the court-yard, widely branching;
+  Beautiful the mountain-ashes,
+  Beautiful their leaves and flowers,
+  Still more beautiful the berries.
+  Thus the exiled one demonstrates
+  That she lives to please her husband,
+  Tries to make her hero happy.
+  "Like the mouse, have ears for hearing,
+  Like the hare, have feet for running,
+  Bend thy neck and turn thy visage
+  Like the juniper and aspen,
+  Thus to watch with care thy goings,
+  Thus to guard thy feet from stumbling,
+  That thou mayest walk in safety.
+  "When thy brother comes from plowing,
+  And thy father from his garners,
+  And thy husband from the woodlands,
+  From his chopping, thy beloved,
+  Give to each a water-basin,
+  Give to each a linen-towel,
+  Speak to each some pleasant greeting.
+  "When thy second mother hastens
+  To thy husband's home and kindred,
+  In her hand a corn-meal measure,
+  Haste thou to the court to meet her,
+  Happy-hearted, bow before her,
+  Take the measure from her fingers,
+  Happy, bear it to thy husband.
+  "If thou shouldst not see distinctly
+  What demands thy next attention,
+  Ask at once thy hero's mother:
+  'Second mother, my beloved,
+  Name the task to be accomplished
+  By thy willing second daughter,
+  Tell me how to best perform it.'
+  "This should be the mother's answer:
+  'This the manner of thy workings,
+  Thus thy daily work accomplish:
+  Stamp with diligence and courage,
+  Grind with will and great endurance,
+  Set the millstones well in order,
+  Fill the barley-pans with water,
+  Knead with strength the dough for baking,
+  Place the fagots on the fire-place,
+  That thy ovens may be heated,
+  Bake in love the honey-biscuit,
+  Bake the larger loaves of barley,
+  Rinse to cleanliness thy platters,
+  Polish well thy drinking-vessels.
+  "If thou hearest from the mother,
+  From the mother of thy husband,
+  That the cask for meal is empty,
+  Take the barley from the garners,
+  Hasten to the rooms for grinding.
+  When thou grindest in the chambers,
+  Do not sing in glee and joyance,
+  Turn the grinding-stones in silence,
+  To the mill give up thy singing,
+  Let the side-holes furnish music;
+  Do not sigh as if unhappy,
+  Do not groan as if in trouble,
+  Lest the father think thee weary,
+  Lest thy husband's mother fancy
+  That thy groans mean discontentment,
+  That thy sighing means displeasure.
+  Quickly sift the flour thou grindest,
+  Take it to the casks in buckets,
+  Bake thy hero's bread with pleasure,
+  Knead the dough with care and patience,
+  That thy biscuits may be worthy,
+  That the dough be light and airy.
+  "Shouldst thou see a bucket empty,
+  Take the bucket on thy shoulder,
+  On thine arm a silver-dipper,
+  Hasten off to fill with water
+  From the crystal river flowing;
+  Gracefully thy bucket carry,
+  Bear it firmly by the handles,
+  Hasten houseward like the zephyrs,
+  Hasten like the air of autumn;
+  Do not tarry near the streamlet,
+  At the waters do not linger,
+  That the father may not fancy,
+  Nor the ancient dame imagine,
+  That thou hast beheld thine image,
+  Hast admired thy form and features,
+  Hast admired thy grace and beauty
+  In the mirror of the fountain,
+  In the crystal streamlet's eddies.
+  "Shouldst thou journey to the woodlands,
+  There to gather aspen-fagots,
+  Do not go with noise and bustle,
+  Gather all thy sticks in silence,
+  Gather quietly the birch-wood,
+  That the father may not fancy,
+  And the mother not imagine,
+  That thy calling came from anger,
+  And thy noise from discontentment.
+  "If thou goest to the store-house
+  To obtain the flour of barley,
+  Do not tarry on thy journey,
+  On the threshold do not linger,
+  That the father may not fancy,
+  And the mother not imagine,
+  That the meal thou hast divided
+  With the women of the village.
+  "If thou goest to the river,
+  There to wash thy birchen platters,
+  There to cleanse thy pans and buckets,
+  Lest thy work be done in neatness,
+  Rinse the sides, and rinse the handles,
+  Rinse thy pitchers to perfection,
+  Spoons, and forks, and knives, and goblets,
+  Rinse with care thy cooking-vessels,
+  Closely watch the food-utensils,
+  That the dogs may not deface them,
+  That the kittens may not mar them,
+  That the eagles may not steal them,
+  That the children may not break them;
+  Many children in the village,
+  Many little heads and fingers,
+  That will need thy careful watching,
+  Lest they steal the things of value.
+  "When thou goest to thy bathing,
+  Have the brushes ready lying
+  In the bath-room clean and smokeless;
+  Do not, linger in the water,
+  At thy bathing do not tarry,
+  That the father may not fancy,
+  And the mother not imagine,
+  Thou art sleeping on the benches,
+  Rolling in the laps of comfort.
+  "From thy bath, when thou returnest,
+  To his bathing tempt the father,
+  Speak to him the words that follow:
+  'Father of my hero-husband,
+  Clean are all the bath-room benches,
+  Everything in perfect order;
+  Go and bathe for thine enjoyment,
+  Pour the water all-sufficient,
+  I will lend thee needed service.'
+  "When the time has come for spinning,
+  When the hours arrive for weaving,
+  Do not ask the help of others,
+  Look not in the stream for knowledge,
+  For advice ask not the servants,
+  Nor the spindle from the sisters,
+  Nor the weaving-comb from strangers.
+  Thou thyself must do the spinning,
+  With thine own hand ply the shuttle,
+  Loosely wind the skeins of wool-yarn,
+  Tightly wind the balls of flax-thread,
+  Wind them deftly in the shuttle
+  Fit the warp upon the rollers,
+  Beat the woof and warp together,
+  Swiftly ply the weaver's shuttle,
+  Weave good cloth for all thy vestments,
+  Weave of woolen, webs for dresses
+  From the finest wool of lambkins,
+  One thread only in thy weaving.
+  "Hear thou what I now advise thee:
+  Brew thy beer from early barley,
+  From the barley's new-grown kernels,
+  Brew it with the magic virtues,
+  Malt it with the sweets of honey,
+  Do not stir it with the birch-rod,
+  Stir it with thy skilful fingers;
+  When thou goest to the garners,
+  Do not let the seed bring evil,
+  Keep the dogs outside the brew-house,
+  Have no fear of wolves in hunger,
+  Nor the wild-beasts of the mountains,
+  When thou goest to thy brewing,
+  Shouldst thou wander forth at midnight.
+  "Should some stranger come to see thee,
+  Do not worry for his comfort;
+  Ever does the worthy household
+  Have provisions for the stranger,
+  Bits of meat, and bread, and biscuit,
+  Ample for the dinner-table;
+  Seat the stranger in thy dwelling,
+  Speak with him in friendly accents,
+  Entertain the guest with kindness,
+  While his dinner is preparing.
+  When the stranger leaves thy threshold,
+  When his farewell has been spoken,
+  Lead him only to the portals,
+  Do not step without the doorway,
+  That thy husband may not fancy,
+  And the mother not imagine,
+  Thou hast interest in strangers.
+  "Shouldst thou ever make a journey
+  To the centre of the village,
+  There to gain some needed object,
+  While thou speakest in the hamlet,
+  Let thy words be full of wisdom,
+  That thou shamest not thy kindred,
+  Nor disgrace thy husband's household.
+  "Village-maidens oft will ask thee,
+  Mothers of the hamlet question:
+  'Does thy husband's mother greet thee
+  As in childhood thou wert greeted,
+  In thy happy home in Pohya?'
+  Do not answer in negation,
+  Say that she has always given
+  Thee the best of her provisions,
+  Given thee the kindest greetings,
+  Though it be but once a season.
+  "Listen well to what I tell thee:
+  As thou goest from thy father
+  To thy husband's distant dwelling,
+  Thou must not forget thy mother,
+  Her that gave thee life and beauty,
+  Her that nurtured thee in childhood,
+  Many sleepless nights she nursed thee;
+  Often were her wants neglected,
+  Numberless the times she rocked thee;
+  Tender, true, and ever faithful,
+  Is the mother to her daughter.
+  She that can forget her mother,
+  Can neglect the one that nursed her,
+  Should not visit Mana's castle,
+  In the kingdom of Tuoni;
+  In Manala she would suffer,
+  Suffer frightful retribution,
+  Should her mother be forgotten;
+  Should her dear one be neglected,
+  Mana's daughters will torment her,
+  And Tuoni's sons revile her,
+  They will ask her much as follows:
+  'How couldst thou forget thy mother,
+  How neglect the one that nursed thee?
+  Great the pain thy mother suffered,
+  Great the trouble that thou gavest
+  When thy loving mother brought thee
+  Into life for good or evil,
+  When she gave thee earth-existence,
+  When she nursed thee but an infant,
+  When she fed thee in thy childhood,
+  When she taught thee what thou knowest,
+  Mana's punishments upon thee,
+  Since thy mother is forgotten!'"
+  On the floor a witch was sitting,
+  Near the fire a beggar-woman,
+  One that knew the ways of people,
+  These the words the woman uttered:
+  "Thus the crow calls in the winter:
+  'Would that I could be a singer,
+  And my voice be full of sweetness,
+  But, alas! my songs are worthless,
+  Cannot charm the weakest creature;
+  I must live without the singing
+  Leave the songs to the musicians,
+  Those that live in golden houses,
+  In the homes of the beloved;
+  Homeless therefore I must wander,
+  Like a beggar in the corn-fields,
+  And with none to do me honor.'
+  "Hear now, sister, what I tell thee,
+  Enter thou thy husband's dwelling,
+  Follow not his mind, nor fancies,
+  As my husband's mind I followed;
+  As a flower was I when budding,
+  Sprouting like a rose in spring-time,
+  Growing like a slender maiden,
+  Like the honey-gem of glory,
+  Like the playmates of my childhood,
+  Like the goslings of my father,
+  Like the blue-ducks of my mother,
+  Like my brother's water-younglings,
+  Like the bullfinch of my sister;
+  Grew I like the heather-flower,
+  Like the berry of the meadow,
+  Played upon the sandy sea-shore,
+  Rocked upon the fragrant upland,
+  Sang all day adown the valley,
+  Thrilled with song the hill and mountain,
+  Filled with mirth the glen and forest,
+  Lived and frolicked in the woodlands.
+  "Into traps are foxes driven
+  By the cruel pangs of hunger,
+  Into traps, the cunning ermine;
+  Thus are maidens wooed and wedded,
+  In their hunger for a husband.
+  Thus created is the virgin,
+  Thus intended is the daughter,
+  Subject to her hero-husband,
+  Subject also to his mother.
+  "Then to other fields I hastened,
+  Like a berry from the border,
+  Like a cranberry for roasting,
+  Like a strawberry for dinner;
+  All the elm-trees seemed to wound me,
+  All the aspens tried to cut me,
+  All the willows tried to seize me,
+  All the forest tried to slay me.
+  Thus I journeyed to my husband,
+  Thus I travelled to his dwelling,
+  Was conducted to his mother.
+  Then there were, as was reported,
+  Six compartments built of pine-wood,
+  Twelve the number of the chambers,
+  And the mansion filled with garrets,
+  Studding all the forest border,
+  Every by-way filled with flowers
+  Streamlets bordered fields of barley,
+  Filled with wheat and corn, the islands,
+  Grain in plenty in the garners,
+  Rye unthrashed in great abundance,
+  Countless sums of gold and silver,
+  Other treasures without number.
+  When my journey I had ended,
+  When my hand at last was given,
+  Six supports were in his cabin,
+  Seven poles as rails for fencing.
+  Filled with anger were the bushes,
+  All the glens disfavor showing,
+  All the walks were lined with trouble,
+  Evil-tempered were the forests,
+  Hundred words of evil import,
+  Hundred others of unkindness.
+  Did not let this bring me sorrow,
+  Long I sought to merit praises,
+  Long I hoped to find some favor,
+  Strove most earnestly for kindness;
+  When they led me to the cottage,
+  There I tried some chips to gather,
+  Knocked my head against the portals
+  Of my husband's lowly dwelling.
+  "At the door were eyes of strangers,
+  Sable eyes at the partition,
+  Green with envy in his cabin,
+  Evil heroes in the back-ground,
+  From each mouth the fire was streaming,
+  From each tongue the sparks out-flying,
+  Flying from my second father,
+  From his eyeballs of unkindness.
+  Did not let this bring me trouble,
+  Tried to live in peace and pleasure,
+  In the homestead of my husband
+  In humility I suffered,
+  Skipped about with feet of rabbit,
+  Flew along with steps of ermine,
+  Late I laid my head to slumber,
+  Early rose as if a servant,
+  Could not win a touch of kindness,
+  Could not merit love nor honor,
+  Though I had dislodged the mountains,
+  Though the rocks had I torn open.
+  "Then I turned the heavy millstone,
+  Ground the flour with care and trouble,
+  Ground the barley-grains in patience,
+  That the mother might be nourished,
+  That her fury-throat might swallow
+  What might please her taste and fancy,.
+  From her gold-enamelled platters,
+  From the corner of her table.
+  "As for me, the hapless daughter,
+  All my flour was from the siftings
+  On the table near the oven,
+  Ate I from the birchen ladle;
+  Oftentimes I brought the mosses
+  Gathered in the lowland meadows,
+  Baked them into loaves for eating;
+  Brought the water from the river,
+  Thirsty, sipped it from the dipper,
+  Ate of fish the worst in Northland,
+  Only smelts, and worthless swimmers,
+  Rocking in my boat of birch-bark
+  Never ate I fish or biscuit
+  From my second mother's fingers.
+  "Blades I gathered in the summers,
+  Twisted barley-stalks in winter,
+  Like the laborers of heroes,
+  Like the servants sold in bondage.
+  In the thresh-house of my husband,
+  Evermore to me was given
+  Flail the heaviest and longest,
+  And to me the longest lever,
+  On the shore the strongest beater,
+  And the largest rake in haying;
+  No one thought my burden heavy,
+  No one thought that I could suffer,
+  Though the best of heroes faltered,
+  And the strongest women weakened.
+  "Thus did I, a youthful housewife,
+  At the right time, all my duties,
+  Drenched myself in perspiration,
+  Hoped for better times to follow;
+  But I only rose to labor,
+  Knowing neither rest nor pleasure.
+  I was blamed by all the household,
+  With ungrateful tongues derided,
+  Now about my awkward manners,
+  Now about my reputation,
+  Censuring my name and station.
+  Words unkind were heaped upon me,
+  Fell like hail on me unhappy,
+  Like the frightful flash of lightning,
+  Like the heavy hail of spring-time.
+  I did not despair entirely,
+  Would have lived to labor longer
+  Underneath the tongue of malice,
+  But the old-one spoiled Lay temper,
+  Roused my deepest ire and hatred
+  Then my husband grew a wild-bear,
+  Grew a savage wolf of Hisi.
+  "Only then I turned to weeping,
+  And reflected in my chamber,
+  Thought of all my former pleasures
+  Of the happy days of childhood,
+  Of my father's joyful firesides,
+  Of my mother's peaceful cottage,
+  Then began I thus to murmur:
+  'Well thou knowest, ancient mother,
+  How to make thy sweet bud blossom,
+  How to train thy tender shootlet;
+  Did not know where to ingraft it,
+  Placed, alas! the little scion
+  In the very worst of places,
+  On an unproductive hillock,
+  In the hardest limb of cherry,
+  Where it could not grow and flourish,
+  There to waste its life, in weeping,
+  Hapless in her lasting sorrow.
+  Worthier had been my conduct
+  In the regions that are better,
+  In the court-yards that are wider,
+  In compartments that are larger,
+  Living with a loving husband,
+  Living with a stronger hero.
+  Shoe of birch-bark was my suitor,
+  Shoe of Laplanders, my husband;
+  Had the body of a raven,
+  Voice and visage like the jackdaw,
+  Mouth and claws were from the black-wolf,
+  The remainder from the wild-bear.
+  Had I known that mine affianced
+  Was a fount of pain and evil,
+  To the hill-side I had wandered,
+  Been a pine-tree on the highway,
+  Been a linden on the border,
+  Like the black-earth made my visage,
+  Grown a beard of ugly bristles,
+  Head of loam and eyes of lightning,
+  For my ears the knots of birches,
+  For my limbs the trunks of aspens.'
+  "This the manner of my singing
+  In the hearing of my husband,
+  Thus I sang my cares and murmurs
+  Thus my hero near the portals
+  Heard the wail of my displeasure,
+  Then he hastened to my chamber;
+  Straightway knew I by his footsteps,
+  Well concluded be was angry,
+  'Knew it by his steps implanted;
+  All the winds were still in slumber,
+  Yet his sable locks stood endwise,
+  Fluttered round his bead in fury,
+  While his horrid mouth stood open;
+  To and fro his eyes were rolling,
+  In one hand a branch of willow,
+  In the other, club of alder;
+  Struck at me with might of malice,
+  Aimed the cudgel at my forehead.
+  "When the evening had descended,
+  When my husband thought of slumber
+  Took he in his hand a whip-stalk,
+  With a whip-lash made of deer-skin,
+  Was not made for any other,
+  Only made for me unhappy.
+  "When at last I begged for mercy,
+  When I sought a place for resting,
+  By his side I courted slumber,
+  Merciless, my husband seized me,
+  Struck me with his arm of envy,
+  Beat me with the whip of torture,
+  Deer-skin-lash and stalk of birch-wood.
+  From his couch I leaped impulsive,
+  In the coldest night of winter,
+  But the husband fleetly followed,
+  Caught me at the outer portals,
+  Grasped me by my streaming tresses,
+  Tore my ringlets from my forehead,
+  Cast in curls upon the night-winds
+  To the freezing winds of winter.
+  What the aid that I could ask for,
+  Who could free me from my torment?
+  Made I shoes of magic metals,
+  Made the straps of steel and copper,
+  Waited long without the dwelling,
+  Long I listened at the portals,
+  Hoping he would end his ravings,
+  Hoping he would sink to slumber,
+  But he did not seek for resting,
+  Did not wish to still his fury.
+  Finally the cold benumbed me;
+  As an outcast from his cabin,
+  I was forced to walk and wander,
+  When I, freezing, well reflected,
+  This the substance of my thinking:
+  'I will not endure this torture,
+  Will not bear this thing forever,
+  Will not bear this cruel treatment,
+  Such contempt I will not suffer
+  In the wicked tribe of Hisi,
+  In this nest of evil Piru.'
+  "Then I said, 'Farewell forever!'
+  To my husband's home and kindred,
+  To my much-loved home and husband;
+  Started forth upon a journey
+  To my father's distant hamlet,
+  Over swamps and over snow-fields,
+  Wandered over towering mountains,
+  Over hills and through the valleys,
+  To my brother's welcome meadows,
+  To my sister's home and birthplace.
+  "There were rustling withered pine-trees.
+  Finely-feathered firs were fading,
+  Countless ravens there were cawing,
+  All the jackdaws harshly singing,
+  This the chorus of the ravens:
+  'Thou hast here a home no longer,
+  This is not the happy homestead
+  Of thy merry days of childhood.'
+  "Heeding not this woodland chorus,
+  Straight I journeyed to the dwelling
+  Of my childhood's friend and brother,
+  Where the portals spake in concord,
+  And the hills and valleys answered,
+  This their saddened song and echo:
+  'Wherefore dost thou journey hither,
+  Comest thou for joy or sorrow,
+  To thy father's old dominions?
+  Here unhappiness awaits thee,
+  Long departed is thy father,
+  Dead and gone to visit Ukko,
+  Dead and gone thy faithful mother,
+  And thy brother is a stranger,
+  While his wife is chill and heartless!'
+  "Heeding not these many warnings,
+  Straightway to my brother's cottage
+  Were my weary feet directed,
+  Laid my hand upon the door-latch
+  Of my brother's dismal cottage,
+  But the latch was cold and lifeless.
+  When I wandered to the chamber,
+  When I waited at the doorway,
+  There I saw the heartless hostess,
+  But she did not give me greeting,
+  Did not give her hand in welcome;
+  Proud, alas! was I unhappy,
+  Did not make the first advances,
+  Did not offer her my friendship,
+  And my hand I did not proffer;
+  Laid my hand upon the oven,
+  All its former warmth departed!
+  On the coal I laid my fingers,
+  All the latent heat had left it.
+  On the rest-bench lay my brother,
+  Lay outstretched before the fire-place,
+  Heaps of soot upon his shoulders,
+  Heaps of ashes on his forehead.
+  Thus the brother asked the stranger,
+  Questioned thus his guest politely:
+  'Tell me what thy name and station,
+  Whence thou comest o'er the waters!'
+  This the answer that I gave him:
+  Hast thou then forgot thy sister,
+  Does my brother not remember,
+  Not recall his mother's daughter
+  We are children of one mother,
+  Of one bird were we the fledgelings,
+  In one nest were hatched and nurtured.'
+  "Then the brother fell to weeping,
+  From his eyes great tear-drops flowing,
+  To his wife the brother whispered,
+  Whispered thus unto the housewife.
+  'Bring thou beer to give my sister,
+  Quench her thirst and cheer her spirits.'
+  "Full of envy, brought the sister
+  Only water filled with evil,
+  Water for the infant's eyelids,
+  Soap and water from the bath-room.
+  "To his wife the brother whispered,
+  Whispered thus unto the housewife:
+  'Bring thou salmon for my sister,
+  For my sister so long absent,
+  Thus to still her pangs of hunger.'
+  "Thereupon the wife obeying,
+  Brought, in envy, only cabbage
+  That the children had been eating,
+  And the house-dogs had been licking,
+  Leavings of the black-dog's breakfast.
+  "Then I left my brother's dwelling,
+  Hastened to the ancient homestead,
+  To my mother's home deserted;
+  Onward, onward did I wander,
+  Hastened onward by the cold-sea,
+  Dragged my body on in anguish,
+  To the cottage-doors of strangers,
+  To the unfamiliar portals,
+  For the care of the neglected,
+  For the needy of the village,
+  For the children poor and orphaned.
+  "There are many wicked people,
+  Many slanderers of women,
+  Many women evil-minded,
+  That malign their sex through envy.
+  Many they with lips of evil,
+  That belie the best of maidens,
+  Prove the innocent are guilty
+  Of the worst of misdemeanors,
+  Speak aloud in tones unceasing,
+  Speak, alas! with wicked motives,
+  Spread the follies of their neighbors
+  Through the tongues of self-pollution.
+  Very few, indeed, the people
+  That will feed the poor and hungry,
+  That will bid the stranger welcome;
+  Very few to treat her kindly,
+  Innocent, and lone, and needy,
+  Few to offer her a shelter
+  From the chilling storms of winter,
+  When her skirts with ice are stiffened,
+  Coats of ice her only raiment!
+  "Never in my days of childhood,
+  Never in my maiden life-time,
+  Never would believe the story
+  Though a hundred tongues had told
+  Though a thousand voices sang it,
+  That such evil things could happen,
+  That such misery could follow,
+  Such misfortune could befall one
+  Who has tried to do her duty,
+  Who has tried to live uprightly,
+  Tried to make her people happy."
+  Thus the young bride was instructed,
+  Beauteous Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  Thus by Osmotar, the teacher.
+
+
+
+
+RUNE XXIV.
+
+
+
+  THE BRIDE'S FAREWELL.
+
+
+  Osmotar, the bride-instructor,
+  Gives the wedding-guests this counsel,
+  Speaks these measures to the bridegroom:
+  "Ilmarinen, artist-brother,
+  Best of all my hero-brothers,
+  Of my mother's sons the dearest,
+  Gentlest, truest, bravest, grandest,
+  Listen well to what I tell thee
+  Of the Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  Of thy beauteous life-companion
+  Bridegroom, praise thy fate hereafter,
+  Praise forever thy good fortune;
+  If thou praisest, praise sincerely,
+  Good the maiden thou hast wedded,
+  Good the bride that Ukko gives thee,
+  Graciously has God bestowed her.
+  Sound her praises to thy father,
+  Praise her virtues to thy mother,
+  Let thy heart rejoice in secret,
+  That thou hast the Bride of Beauty,
+  Lovely Maiden of the Rainbow!
+  "Brilliant near thee stands the maiden,
+  At thy shoulder thy companion,
+  Happy under thy protection,
+  Beautiful as golden moonlight,
+  Beautiful upon thy bosom,
+  Strong to do thy kindly bidding,
+  Labor with thee as thou wishest,
+  Rake the hay upon thy meadows,
+  Keep thy home in full perfection,
+  Spin for thee the finest linen,
+  Weave for thee the richest fabrics,
+  Make for thee the softest raiment,
+  Make thy weaver's loom as merry
+  As the cuckoo of the forest;
+  Make the shuttle glide in beauty
+  Like the ermine of the woodlands;
+  Make the spindle twirl as deftly
+  As the squirrel spins the acorn;
+  Village-maidens will not slumber
+  While thy young bride's loom is humming,
+  While she plies the graceful shuttle.
+  "Bridegroom of the Bride of Beauty,
+  Noblest of the Northland heroes,
+  Forge thyself a scythe for mowing,
+  Furnish it with oaken handle,
+  Carve it in thine ancient smithy,
+  Hammer it upon thine anvil,
+  Have it ready for the summer,
+  For the merry days of sunshine;
+  Take thy bride then to the lowlands,
+  Mow the grass upon thy meadows,
+  Rake the hay when it is ready,
+  Make the reeds and grasses rustle,
+  Toss the fragrant heads of clover,
+  Make thy hay in Kalevala
+  When the silver sun is shining.
+  "When the time has come for weaving,
+  To the loom attract the weaver,
+  Give to her the spools and shuttles,
+  Let the willing loom be worthy,
+  Beautiful the frame and settle;
+  Give to her what may be needed,
+  That the weaver's song may echo,
+  That the lathe may swing and rattle,
+  Ma y be heard within the village,
+  That the aged may remark it,
+  And the village-maidens question:
+  'Who is she that now is weaving,
+  What new power now plies the shuttle?'
+  "Make this answer to the question:
+  'It is my beloved weaving,
+  My young bride that plies the shuttle.'
+  "Shall the weaver's weft be loosened,
+  Shall the young bride's loom be tightened?
+  Do not let the weft be loosened,
+  Nor the weaver's loom be tightened;
+  Such the weaving of the daughters
+  Of the Moon beyond the cloudlets;
+  Such the spinning of the maidens
+  Of the Sun in high Jumala,
+  Of the daughters of the Great Bear,
+  Of the daughters of the Evening.
+  Bridegroom, thou beloved hero,
+  Brave descendant of thy fathers,
+  When thou goest on a journey,
+  When thou drivest on the highway,
+  Driving with the Rainbow-daughter,
+  Fairest bride of Sariola,
+  Do not lead her as a titmouse,
+  As a cuckoo of the forest,
+  Into unfrequented places,
+  Into copses of the borders,
+  Into brier-fields and brambles,
+  Into unproductive marshes;
+  Let her wander not, nor stumble
+  On opposing rocks and rubbish.
+  Never in her father's dwelling,
+  Never in her mother's court-yard,
+  Has she fallen into ditches,
+  Stumbled hard against the fences,
+  Run through brier-fields, nor brambles,
+  Fallen over rocks, nor rubbish.
+  "Magic bridegroom of Wainola,
+  Wise descendant of the heroes,
+  Never let thy young wife suffer,
+  Never let her be neglected,
+  Never let her sit in darkness,
+  Never leave her unattended.
+  Never in her father's mansion,
+  In the chambers of her mother,
+  Has she sat alone in darkness,
+  Has she suffered for attention;
+  Sat she by the crystal window,
+  Sat and rocked, in peace and plenty,
+  Evenings for her father's pleasure,
+  Mornings for her mother's sunshine.
+  Never mayest thou, O bridegroom,
+  Lead the Maiden of the Rainbow
+  To the mortar filled with sea-grass,
+  There to grind the bark for cooking,
+  There to bake her bread from stubble,
+  There to knead her dough from tan-bark
+  Never in her father's dwelling,
+  Never in her mother's mansion,
+  Was she taken to the mortar,
+  There to bake her bread from sea-grass.
+  Thou shouldst lead the Bride of Beauty
+  To the garner's rich abundance,
+  There to draw the till of barley,
+  Grind the flour and knead for baking,
+  There to brew the beer for drinking,
+  Wheaten flour for honey-biscuits.
+  "Hero-bridegroom of Wainola,
+  Never cause thy Bride of Beauty
+  To regret her day of marriage;
+  Never make her shed a tear-drop,
+  Never fill her cup with sorrow.
+  Should there ever come an evening
+  When thy wife shall feel unhappy,
+  Put the harness on thy racer,
+  Hitch the fleet-foot to the snow-sled;
+  Take her to her father's dwelling,
+  To the household of her mother;
+  Never in thy hero-lifetime,
+  Never while the moonbeams glimmer,
+  Give thy fair spouse evil treatment,
+  Never treat her as thy servant;
+  Do not bar her from the cellar,
+  Do not lock thy best provisions
+  Never in her father's mansion,
+  Never by her faithful mother
+  Was she treated as a hireling.
+  Honored bridegroom of the Northland,
+  Proud descendant of the fathers,
+  If thou treatest well thy young wife,
+  Worthily wilt thou be treated;
+  When thou goest to her homestead,
+  When thou visitest her father,
+  Thou shalt meet a cordial welcome.
+  "Censure not the Bride of Beauty,
+  Never grieve thy Rainbow-maiden,
+  Never say in tones reproachful,
+  She was born in lowly station,
+  That her father was unworthy;
+  Honored are thy bride's relations,
+  From an old-time tribe, her kindred;
+  When of corn they sowed a measure,
+  Each one's portion was a kernel;
+  When they sowed a cask of flax-seed,
+  Each received a thread of linen.
+  Never, never, magic husband,
+  Treat thy beauty-bride unkindly,
+  Teach her not with lash of servants,
+  Strike her not with thongs of leather;
+  Never has she wept in anguish
+  From the birch-whip of her mother.
+  Stand before her like a rampart,
+  Be to her a strong protection,
+  Do not let thy mother chide her,
+  Let thy father not upbraid her,
+  Never let thy guests offend her;
+  Should thy servants bring annoyance,
+  They may need the master's censure;
+  Do not harm the Bride of Beauty,
+  Never injure her thou lovest;
+  Three long years hast thou been wooing,
+  Hoping every mouth to win her.
+  "Counsel with the bride of heaven,
+  To thy young wife give instruction,
+  Kindly teach thy bride in secret,
+  In the long and dreary evenings,
+  When thou sittest at the fireside;
+  Teach one year, in words of kindness,
+  Teach with eyes of love a second,
+  In the third year teach with firmness.
+  If she should not heed thy teaching,
+  Should not hear thy kindly counsel
+  After three long years of effort,
+  Cut a reed upon the lowlands,
+  Cut a nettle from the border,
+  Teach thy wife with harder measures.
+  In the fourth year, if she heed not,
+  Threaten her with sterner treatment,
+  With the stalks of rougher edges,
+  Use not yet the thongs of leather,
+  Do not touch her with the birch-whip.
+  If she does not heed this warning,
+  Should she pay thee no attention,
+  Cut a rod upon the mountains,
+  Or a willow in the valleys,
+  Hide it underneath thy mantle,
+  That the stranger may not see it,
+  Show it to thy wife in secret,
+  Shame her thus to do her duty,
+  Strike not yet, though disobeying.
+  Should she disregard this warning,
+  Still refuse to heed thy wishes,
+  Then instruct her with the willow,
+  Use the birch-rod from the mountains
+  In the closet of thy dwelling,
+  In the attic of thy mansion;
+  Strike, her not upon the common,
+  Do not conquer her in public,
+  Lest the villagers should see thee,
+  Lest the neighbors hear her weeping,
+  And the forests learn thy troubles.
+  Touch thy wife upon the shoulders,
+  Let her stiffened back be softened.
+  Do not touch her on the forehead,
+  Nor upon the ears, nor visage;
+  If a ridge be on her forehead,
+  Or a blue mark on her eyelids,
+  Then her mother would perceive it,
+  And her father would take notice,
+  All the village-workmen see it,
+  And the village-women ask her
+  'Hast thou been in heat of battle,
+  Hast thou struggled in a conflict,
+  Or perchance the wolves have torn thee,
+  Or the forest-bears embraced thee,
+  Or the black-wolf be thy husband,
+  And the bear be thy protector?'"
+  By the fire-place lay a gray-beard,
+  On the hearth-stone lay a beggar,
+  And the old man spake as follows:
+  "Never, never, hero-husband,
+  Follow thou thy young wife's wishes,
+  Follow not her inclinations,
+  As, alas! I did, regretful;
+  Bought my bride the bread of barley,
+  Veal, and beer, and best of butter,
+  Fish and fowl of all descriptions,
+  Beer I bought, home-brewed and sparkling,
+  Wheat from all the distant nations,
+  All the dainties of the Northland;
+  All of this was unavailing,
+  Gave my wife no satisfaction,
+  Often came she to my chamber,
+  Tore my sable locks in frenzy,
+  With a visage fierce and frightful,
+  With her eyeballs flashing anger,
+  Scolding on and scolding ever,
+  Ever speaking words of evil,
+  Using epithets the vilest,
+  Thought me but a block for chopping.
+  Then I sought for other measures,
+  Used on her my last resources,
+  Cut a birch-whip in the forest,
+  And she spake in tones endearing;
+  Cut a juniper or willow,
+  And she called me 'hero-darling';
+  When with lash my wife I threatened,
+  Hung she on my neck with kisses."
+  Thus the bridegroom was instructed,
+  Thus the last advices given.
+  Then the Maiden of the Rainbow,
+  Beauteous bride of Ilmarinen,
+  Sighing heavily and moaning,
+  Fell to weeping, heavy-hearted,
+  Spake these words from depths of sorrow:
+  "Near, indeed, the separation,
+  Near, alas! the time for parting,
+  Near the time for my departure;
+  O the anguish of the parting,
+  O the pain of separation,
+  From these walls renowned and ancient,
+  From this village of the Northland,
+  From these scenes of peace and plenty,
+  Where my faithful mother taught me,
+  Where my father gave instruction
+  To me in my happy childhood,
+  When my years were few and tender!
+  As a child I did not fancy,
+  Never thought of separation
+  From the confines of this cottage,
+  From these dear old hills and mountains,
+  But, alas! I now must journey,
+  Since I now cannot escape it;
+  Empty is the bowl of parting,
+  All the farewell-beer is taken,
+  And my husband's sledge is waiting,
+  With the break-board looking southward,
+  Looking from my father's dwelling.
+  "How shall I give compensation,
+  How repay, on my departure,
+  All the kindness of my mother,
+  All the counsel of my father,
+  All the friendship of my brother,
+  All my sister's warm affection?
+  Gratitude to thee, dear father,
+  For my former-life and blessings,
+  For the comforts of thy table,
+  For the pleasures of my childhood!
+  Gratitude to thee, dear mother,
+  For thy tender care and guidance,
+  For my birth and for my culture,
+  Nurtured by thy purest life-blood!
+  Gratitude to thee, dear brother,
+  Gratitude to thee, sweet sister,
+  To the servants of my childhood,
+  To my many friends and playmates!
+  "Never, never, aged father,
+  Never, thou, beloved mother,
+  Never, ye, my kindred spirits,
+  Never harbor care, nor sorrow,
+  Never fall to bitter weeping,
+  Since thy child has gone to others,
+  To the distant home of strangers,
+  To the meadows of Wainola,
+  From her father's fields and firesides.
+  Shines the Sun of the Creator,
+  Shines the golden Moon of Ukko,
+  Glitter all the stars of heaven,
+  In the firmament of ether,
+  Full as bright on other homesteads;
+  Not upon my father's uplands,
+  Not upon my home in childhood,
+  Shines the Star of Joyance only.
+  "Now the time has come for parting
+  From my father's golden firesides,
+  From my brother's welcome hearth-stone,
+  From the chambers of my sister,
+  From my mother's happy dwelling;
+  Now I leave the swamps and lowlands,
+  Leave the grassy vales and mountains,
+  Leave the crystal lakes and rivers,
+  Leave the shores and sandy shallows,
+  Leave the white-capped surging billows,
+  Where the maidens swim and linger,
+  Where the mermaids sing and frolic;
+  Leave the swamps to those that wander,
+  Leave the corn-fields to the plowman,
+  Leave the forests to the weary,
+  Leave the heather to the rover,
+  Leave the copses to the stranger,
+  Leave the alleys to the beggar,
+  Leave the court-yards to the rambler,
+  Leave the portals to the servant,
+  Leave the matting to the sweeper,
+  Leave the highways to the roebuck,
+  Leave the woodland-glens to lynxes,
+  Leave the lowlands to the wild-geese,
+  And the birch-tree to the cuckoo.
+  Now I leave these friends of childhood,
+  Journey southward with my husband,
+  To the arms of Night and Winter,
+  O'er the ice-grown seas of Northland.
+  "Should I once again, returning,
+  Pay a visit to my tribe-folk,
+  Mother would not hear me calling,
+  Father would not see me weeping,
+  Calling at my mother's grave-stone,
+  'Weeping o'er my buried father,
+  On their graves the fragrant flowers,
+  Junipers and mournful willows,
+  Verdure from my mother's tresses,
+  From the gray-beard of my father.
+  "Should I visit Sariola,
+  Visit once again these borders,
+  No one here would bid me welcome.
+  Nothing in these hills would greet me,
+  Save perchance a few things only,
+  By the fence a clump of osiers,
+  And a land-mark at the corner,
+  Which in early youth I planted,
+  When a child of little stature.
+  "Mother's kine perhaps will know me,
+  Which so often I have watered,
+  Which I oft have fed and tended,
+  Lowing now at my departure,
+  In the pasture cold and cheerless;
+  Sure my mother's kine will welcome
+  Northland's daughter home returning.
+  Father's steeds may not forget me,
+  Steeds that I have often ridden,
+  When a maiden free and happy,
+  Neighing now for me departing,
+  In the pasture of my brother,
+  In the stable of my father;
+  Sure my father's steeds will know me,
+  Bid Pohyola's daughter welcome.
+  Brother's faithful dogs may know me,
+  That I oft have fed and petted,
+  Dogs that I have taught to frolic,
+  That now mourn for me departing,
+  In their kennels in the court-yard,
+  In their kennels cold and cheerless;
+  Sure my brother's dogs will welcome
+  Pohya's daughter home returning.
+  But the people will not know me,
+  When I come these scenes to visit,
+  Though the fords remain as ever,
+  Though unchanged remain the rivers,
+  Though untouched the flaxen fish-nets
+  On the shores await my coming.
+  "Fare thou well, my dear old homestead,
+  Fare ye well, my native bowers;
+  It would give me joy unceasing
+  Could I linger here forever.
+  Now farewell, ye halls and portals,
+  Leading to my father's mansion;
+  It would give me joy unceasing
+  Could I linger here forever.
+  Fare ye well, familiar gardens
+  Filled with trees and fragrant flowers;
+  It would give me joy unceasing,
+  Could I linger here forever.
+  Send to all my farewell greetings,
+  To the fields, and groves, and berries;
+  Greet the meadows with their daisies,
+  Greet the borders with their fences,
+  Greet the lakelets with their islands,
+  Greet the streams with trout disporting,
+  Greet the hills with stately pine-trees,
+  And the valleys with their birches.
+  Fare ye well, ye streams and lakelets,
+  Fertile fields, and shores of ocean,
+  All ye aspens on the mountains,
+  All ye lindens of the valleys,
+  All ye beautiful stone-lindens,
+  All ye shade-trees by the cottage,
+  All ye junipers and willows,
+  All ye shrubs with berries laden,
+  Waving grass and fields of barley,
+  Arms of elms, and oaks, and alders,
+  Fare ye well, dear scenes of childhood,
+  Happiness of days departed!"
+  Ending thus, Pohyola's daughter
+  Left her native fields and fallows,
+  Left the darksome Sariola,
+  With her husband, Ilmarinen,
+  Famous son of Kalevala.
+  But the youth remained for singing,
+  This the chorus of the children:
+  "Hither came a bird of evil'
+  Flew in fleetness from the forest,
+  Came to steal away our virgin,
+  Came to win the Maid of Beauty;
+  Took away our fairest flower,
+  Took our mermaid from the waters,
+  Won her with his youth and beauty,
+  With his keys of ancient wisdom.
+  Who will lead us to the sea-beach,
+  Who conduct us to the rivers?
+  Now the buckets will be idle,
+  On the hooks will rest the fish-poles,
+  Now unswept will lie the matting,
+  And unswept the halls of birch-wood,
+  Copper goblets be unburnished,
+  Dark the handles of the pitchers,
+  Fare thou well, dear Rainbow Maiden."
+  Ilmarinen, happy bridegroom,
+  Hastened homeward with the daughter
+  Of the hostess of Pohyola,
+  With the beauty of the Northland
+  Fleetly flew the hero's snow-sledge,
+  Loudly creaked, and roared, and rattled
+  Down the banks of Northland waters,
+  By the side of Honey-inlet,
+  On the back of Sandy Mountain.
+  Stones went rolling from the highway,
+  Like the winds the sledge flew onward,
+  On the yoke rang hoops of iron,
+  Loud the spotted wood resounded,
+  Loudly creaked the bands of willow,
+  All the birchen cross-bars trembled,
+  And the copper-bells rang music,
+  In the racing of the fleet-foot,
+  In the courser's gallop homeward;
+  Journeyed one day, then a second,
+  Journeyed still the third day onward,
+  In one hand the reins of magic,
+  While the other grasped the maiden,
+  One foot resting on the cross-bar,
+  And the other in the fur-robes.
+  Merrily the steed flew homeward,
+  Quickly did the highways shorten,
+  Till at last upon the third day,
+  As the sun was fast declining,
+  There appeared the blacksmith's furnace,
+  Nearer, Ilmarinen's dwelling,
+  Smoke arising high in ether,
+  Clouds of smoke to lofty heaven,
+  From the village of Wainola,
+  From the suitor's forge and smithy,
+  From the chimneys of the hero,
+  From the home of the successful.
+
+
+
+GLOSSARY.
+
+
+  Aar'ni (Ar'ni).   The guardian of hidden treasures.
+  A-ha'va.   The West-wind; the father of the swift dogs.
+  Ah'ti.   The same as Lemminkainen.
+  Ah'to.   The great god of the waters.
+  Ah'to-la.   The water-castle of Ahto and his people.
+  Ah'to-lai'set.   The inhabitants of Ahtola.
+  Ai-nik'ki.   A sister of Ahti.
+  Ai'no (i'no).   Youkahainen's sister.
+  An'te-ro.   A goddess of the waves.
+  Ai'ue-lake.   The lake into which the Fire-child falls.
+  An-nik'ki.   Ilmarinen's sister.
+  An'te-ro.   Another name for Wipanen, or Antero Wipunen.
+  Dus'ter-land.   The Northland; Pimentola.
+  Et'e-le'tar.   A daugter of the South-wind.
+  Fire-Child.   A synonym of Panu.
+  Frost.   The English for Pakkanen.
+  Hal'lap-yo'ra.   A lake in Finland.
+  Hal'ti-a (plural Haltiat).   The Genius of Finnish mythology.
+  Het'e-wa'ne.   The Finnish name of the Pleiades.
+  Hi'si (original Hiisi).   The Evil Principle; also called Jutas, Lempo,
+  and Piru.
+  Mon'ja-tar.   The daughter of the Pine-tree.
+  Hor'na.   A sacred rock in Finland.
+  I'ku-Tur'so.   An evil giant of the sea.
+  Il'ma-ri'nem.   The worker of the metals; a brother of Wainamoinen.
+  Il'ma-tar.   Daughter of the Air, and mother of Wainamoinen.
+  Il'po-tar.   Believed to be the daughter of the Snow flake; the same as
+  Louhi.
+  Im-a'tra.   A celebrated waterfall near Wiborg.
+  In'ger-land.   The present St. Petersburg.
+  Ja'men (Ya'men).   A river of Finland.
+  Jor'dan.   Curiously, the river of Palestine.
+  Jou'ka-hai'nen (You-ka-hai'nen).   A celebrated minstrel of Pohyola.
+  Jou-ko'la (You-ko'la).   The home or dwelling of Youkahainen.
+  Ju-ma'la (You-ma'la).   Originally the heavens, then the god of the
+  heavens, and finally God.
+  Ju'tas (yu'tas).   The Evil Principle; Hisi, Piru, and Lempo are
+  synonyms,
+  Kai'to-lai'nen.   A son of the god of metals; from his spear came the
+  tongue of the serpent.
+  Ka-ler'vo.   The father of Kullervo.
+  Ka-le'va (Kalewai'nen).   The father of heroes; a hero in general.
+  Kal'e-va'la (kaleva, hero, and la, the place of).   The land of heroes;
+  the name of the epic poem of Finland.
+  Kal'e-va'tar (Kalewa'tar).   Daughter of Kaleva.
+  Kal-e'vo.   The same as Kaleva.
+  Ka'lew.   Often used for Kaleva.
+  Kal'ma.   The god of death.
+  Kam'mo.   The father of Kimmo.
+  Kan'ka-hat'ta-ret.   The goddesses of weaving.
+  Ka'pe.   A synonym of Ilmatar, the mother of Wainamoinen.
+  Ka'po.   A synonym of Osmotar.
+  Ka-re'len.   A province of Finland.
+  Kar-ja'la, (karya'la).   The seat of the waterfall, Kaatrakoski.
+  Kat'e-ja'tar (kataya'tar).   The daughter of the Pine-tree.
+  Kat'ra-kos'ki (Kaatrakos'ki).   A waterfall in Karjala.
+  Kau'ko.   The same as Kaukomieli.
+  Kau'ko-miel'li.   The same as Lemminkainen.
+  Kaup'pi.   The Snowshoe-builder; Lylikki.
+  Ke'mi.   A river of Finland.
+  Kim'mo.   A name for the cow; the daughter of Kammo, the patron of the
+  rocks.
+  Ki'pu-ki'vi.   The name of the rock at Hell-river, beneath which the
+  spirits of all diseases are imprisoned.
+  Kir'kon-Woe'ki.   Church dwarfs living under altars.
+  Knik'ka-no.   Same as Knippana.
+  Knip'pa-no.   Same as Tapio.
+  Koot'a-moi'nen.   The Moon.
+  Kos'ken-nei'ti.   The goddess of the cataract.
+  Kul-ler'vo.   The vicious son of Kalervo.
+  Kul'ler-woi'nen.   The same as Kullervo.
+  Kul'li.   A beautiful daughter of Sahri.
+  Kun.   The Moon, and the Moon-god.
+  Kun'tar.   One of the daughters of the Moon.
+  Ku'ra (Kuura).   The Hoar-frost; also called Tiera, a ball of ice.
+  Kul-lik'ki (also Kyl'li).   The Sahri-maiden whom Lemminkainen
+  kidnapped.
+  Lak'ka.   Mother of Ilmarinen.
+  Lak-ko.   The hostess of Kalevala.
+  Lem'min-kai'nen.   One of the brothers of Wainamoinen; a son of Lempi.
+  Lem'pi-bay.   A bay of Finland.
+  Lem'po.   The Evil Principle; same as Hisi, Piru, and Jutas.
+  Lin'nun-ra'ta (Bird-way).   The Milky-way.
+  Lou'hi.   The hostess of Pohyola.
+  Low-ya'tar.   Tuoni's blind daughter, and the originator of the Plagues.
+  Lu'on-no'tar.   One of the mystic maidens, and the nurse of Wainamoinen.
+  Lu'o-to'la.   A bay of Finland, named with Joukola.
+  Ly-lik'ki (Lyylik'ki).   Maker of the snow-shoe.
+  Maan-e'mo (man-e'mo).   The mother of the Earth.
+  Ma'hi-set (Maa'hi-set).   The invisibly small deities of Finnish
+  mythology.
+  Mam'me-lai'nen.   The goddess of hidden treasures.
+  Ma'na.   A synonym of Tuoni, the god of death.
+  Man'a-lai'nen.   The same as Mana.
+  Masr'i-at'ta (marja, berry).   The Virgin Mary of Finnish mythology.
+  Mat'ka-Tep'po.   The road-god.
+  Meh'i-lai'nen.   The honey-bee.
+  Mel'a-tar.   The goddess of the helm.
+  Met'so-la.   The same as Tapiola, the abode of the god of the forest,
+  Mie-lik'ki.   The hostess of the forest.
+  Mi-merk'ki.   A synonym of Mielikki.
+  Mosk'va.   A province of Suomi.
+  Mu-rik'ki (Muurik'ki).   The name of the cow.
+  Ne'wa.   A river of Finland.
+  Ny-rik'ki.   A son of Tapio.
+  Os'mo.   The same as Osmoinen.
+  Os-noi'nen.   A synonym of Wainola's hero.
+  Os'mo-tar.   The daughter of Osmo; she directs the brewing of the beer
+  for Ilmarinen's wedding-feast.
+  O-ta'va.   The Great Bear of the heavens.
+  Ot'so.   The bear of Finland.
+  Poe'ivoe.   The Sun, and the Sun god.
+  Pai'va-tar.   The goddess of the summer.
+  Pak'ka-nen.   A synonym of Kura.
+  Pal-woi'nen.   A synonym of Turi, and also of Wirokannas.
+  Pa'nu.   The Fire-Child, born from the sword of Ukko.
+  Pa'ra.   A tripod-deity, presiding over milk and cheese.
+  Pel'ler-woi'nen.   The sower of the forests.
+  Pen'i-tar.   A blind witch of Pohyola; and the mother of the dog.
+  Pik'ku Mies.   The water-pigmy that felled the over-spreading oak-tree
+  for Wainamoinen.
+  Pil'a-ya'tar (Pilaja'tar).   The daughter of the Aspen; and the goddess
+  of the Mountain-ash.
+  Pilt'ti.   The maid-servant of Mariatta.
+  Pi'men-to'la.   A province of Finland; another name for Pohyola.
+  Pi'ru.   The same as Lempo, Jutas, and Hisi.
+  Pi'sa.   A mountain of Finland.
+  Poh'ya (Poh'ja).   An abbreviated form for Pohyola.
+  Poh-yo'la (Poh-jo'la).   The Northland; Lapland.
+  Pok-ka'nen.   The Frost, the son of Puhuri; a synonym of Tiera.
+  Puh-hu'ri.   The North-wind; the father of Pokkanen.
+  Rem'men.   The father of the hop-vine.
+  Re'mu.   The same as Remmen.
+  Ru-o'tus.   A persecutor of the Virgin Mariatta.
+  Rut'ya (Rut'ja).   A waterfall of Northland.
+  Sah'ri (Saari).   The home of Kyllikki.
+  Sam'po.   The jewel that Ilmarinen forges from the magic metals; a
+  talisman of success to the possessor; a continual source of strife
+  between the tribes of the North.
+  Samp'sa.   A synonym of Pellerwoinen.
+  Sa'ra.   The same as Sariola.
+  Sar'i-o'la.   The same as Pohyola.
+  Sat'ka.   A goddess of the sea.
+  Sa'wa (Sa'wo).   The eastern part of Finland.
+  Sim'a Pil'li (Honey-flute).   The flute of Sima-suu.
+  Sim'a-Suu.   One of the maidens of Tapio.
+  Sin'e-tar.   The goddess of the blue sky.
+  Si-net'ta-ret.   The goddesses of dyeing.
+  Suk'ka-mie'li.   The goddess of love.
+  Suo'mi (swo'mi).   The ancient abode of the Finns.
+  Suo'ne-tar (swone-tar).   The goddess of the veins.
+  Suo-wak'ko.   An old wizard of Pohyola.
+  Suo'ya-tar (Syo'jatar).   The mother of the serpent.
+  Su've-tar (Suve, summer).   Goddess of the South-wind
+  Su-wan'to-lai'nen.   Another name for Wainamoinen.
+  Taeh'ti.   The Polar Star.
+  Ta-he'tar.   The daughter of the Stars.
+  Tai'vas.   The firmament in general.
+  Ta-ni'ka.   A magic mansion of Pohja.
+  Ta'pi-o.   The god of the forest.
+  Tel-le'rvo.   A daughter of Tapio.
+  Ter'he-ne'tar.   Daughter of the Fog.
+  Tie'ra.   Same as Kura; the Hoar-frost.
+  Tont'tu.   A little house-spirit.
+  Tu'a-me'tar.   Daughter of the Alder-tree.
+  Tu-le'tar (Tuule'tar).   A goddess of the winds.
+  Tu-lik'ki (Tuullk'ki).   One of the daughters of Tapio.
+  Tu'o-ne'la.   The abode of Tuoni.
+  Tuo'nen Poi'ka.   The son of Tuoni.
+  Tu'o-ne'tar.   The hostess of Death-land; a daughter of Tuoni.
+  Tu-o'ni.   The god of death.
+  Tu'ri (Tuuri).   The god of the Honey-land.
+  Turja (tur'ya).   Another name for Pohya.
+  Tur'ya-lan'der.   An epithet for one of the tribe of Louhi.
+  Tur'ya (Tyrja).   A name for the waterfall of Rutya.
+  Uk'ko.   The Great Spirit of Finnish mythology; his abode is in Jumala.
+  Uk'on-koi'va (Ukko's dog).   The messenger of Ukko; the butterfly.
+  U'lap-pa'la.   Another term for the abode of Tuoni.
+  Un'du-tar.   Goddess of the fog.
+  U'ni.   The god of sleep.
+  Un'ta-ma'la.   A synonym for "the dismal Sariola."
+  Un-ta'mo.   The god of dreams; the dreamer; a brother of Kalervo, and
+  his enemy.
+  Un'tar.   The same as Undutar.
+  Un'to.   The same as Untamo.
+  Utu-tyt'to.   The same as Undutar.
+  Wai'nam-oi'nen (Vainamoinen).   The chief hero of the Kalevala; the
+  hero of Wainola, whose mother, Ilmatar, fell from the air into the
+  ocean.
+  Wai'no (Vai'no).   The same as Wainamoinen.
+  Wai-no'la.   The home of Wainamoinen and his people; a synonym of
+  Kalevala.
+  Wel-la'mo.   The hostess of the waters.
+  Wet'e-hi'nen.   An evil god of the sea.
+  Wi-pu'nen (Vipu'nen).   An old song-giant that swallowed Wainamoinen
+  searching for the "lost words."
+  Wi'ro-kan'nas (Virokan'nas).   Ruler of the wilderness; the slayer of
+  the huge bull of Suomi; the priest that baptizes the son of Mariatta.
+  Wo'ya-lan'der (Vuojalan'der).   An epithet for Laplander.
+  Wuok'sen (Vuo'ksen).   A river in the east of Finland.
+  Wuok'si.   The same as Wuoksen.
+
+
+
+
+THE END.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Kalevala: the Epic Poem of Finland --
+Volume 01, by Elias Loennrot
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KALEVALA: EPIC POEM OF FINLAND ***
+
+***** This file should be named 5184.txt or 5184.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/5/1/8/5184/
+
+Produced by John B. Hare and Carrie R. Lorenz.
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.