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diff --git a/old/52147-h/52147-h.htm b/old/52147-h/52147-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 4654d51..0000000 --- a/old/52147-h/52147-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12252 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - - <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" - xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - -<head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - - <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> - <!--helps display html correctly in mobile devices--> - - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - - <title> - Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland; - by Raphael Holinshed and others; A Project Gutenberg eBook. - </title> - - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - - <style type="text/css"> - -/* === resets and body === */ -a, div, i, img, p, span, sup { - margin:0; - padding:0; - } -div, span, a { - text-indent:0; - } -blockquote, div, -h1,h2,h3, p { /*workaround for Chrome and FoxFire Android*/ - max-height:100%; - } -body { - margin:0.5em 2.5em 0.5em 0.5em; - line-height:1.25; - font-size:130%; -} - -/* === line-heights === */ -div.sidenotea p, -.transnote, -.xxpn, -blockquote, -h1,h2,h3, -sup { - line-height:1.0; -} - -/* === font-sizes === */ -.fsize2 { - font-size:1.82em; -} -.fsize4, -h1, -h2 { - font-size:1.30em; -} -.fsize5 { - font-size:1.16em; -} -h3 { - font-size:1.0em; -} -.fsize6 { - font-size:0.90em; -} -.fsize7, -.xxpn, -sup, -.transnote { - font-size:0.72em; -} - -/* === page-breaks === */ -h2.nobreak { - page-break-before:avoid; -} -.chapter, -h1,h2, -.transnote { - page-break-before:always; -} -div.sidenotea { - page-break-inside:avoid; -} - -/* === indents, margins, padding, alignment, clear === */ -blockquote, -div, -h2,h3 { - text-align:center; -} -p { - text-indent:1em; -} -.pcontinue, -.pfirst { - text-indent:0; -} -.transnote p { - text-align:left; -} -h1.thisbook { - padding-top:4em; - color:#d10a1a; - margin:0 10%; - text-align:justify; -} -h2 { - padding-top:0.5em; - padding-bottom:0.5em; -} -h3 { - padding-top:1em; - padding-bottom:0.5em; -} -blockquote { - margin:1em 0 1em 1em; -} -.chapter { - padding-top:1em; -} -.transnote { - padding:2em 1em 1em 1em; - margin-top:1em; - margin-bottom:3em; - border:#865 medium solid; - background-color:#fffff5; -} -.hanga { - padding-left:1em; - text-indent:-1em; -} -.padtopa { - padding-top:2em; -} -.padtopb { - padding-top:1em; -} -span.xxpn { - padding-right:0.2em; -} -p { - text-align:justify; -} - -/* === images === */ -.imctr01t { - clear:both; - padding-top:0.5em; - padding-bottom:0.5em; -} -img { - width:100%; - height:auto; -} -.imctr01t { /*100% 600px A1.33 */ - margin:0.5em 0; -} - -/* === inline-blocks === */ -div.sidenotea, -.nowrap, -.pstanza { - display:inline-block; -} - -/* === links === */ -a { - color:#20c; - font-weight:normal; -} - -/* === miscellaneous === */ -h1.thisbook,h2,h3 { - font-weight:normal; -} -i { - font-style:italic; - padding-right:0.15em; -} -h1.thisbook { - letter-spacing:0.05em; -} -.xxpn { - font-weight:normal; - color:#865; - text-decoration:none; - position:absolute; - right:0; -} -br.fltstop { - clear:both; -} - -/*== sidenotes ==*/ -div.sidenotea { - float:right; -} -div.sidenotea { - font-size:0.72em; - margin:0.5em 0 0 0.5em; - width:20%; -} -div.sidenotea p { - text-align:left; - text-indent:0; - margin:0.5em 0; -} - -/*== poetry ==*/ -.pstanza { - font-size:0.9em; - line-height:1; -} -.pverse, -.pversea, -.pverseb { - padding-left:4em; -} -.pverse { - text-indent:-4em; -} -.pversea { - text-indent:-3em; -} -.pverseb { - text-indent:-2em; -} - -/* === handheld === */ -@media handheld { - .xxpn { - position:static; - } - body { - margin:0.5em; - font-size:100%; - } - div.sidenotea { - float:right; - } -blockquote, div, -h1,h2,h3, p { - max-height:none; - } -} - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, -Scotland, and Ireland, by Raphael Holinshed - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland - Vol. II of VI; Part 12 of 12; Richard II. - -Author: Raphael Holinshed - -Release Date: May 23, 2016 [EBook #52147] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOLINSHED'S CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, VOL II *** - - - - -Produced by Jonathan Ingram, RichardW and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="imctr01t"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" - width="600" height="800" alt="" /> -</div> - -<div>to <a href="#transnote">Transcriber's Note</a></div> - -<h1 class="thisbook"><i>Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland</i>; by -Raphael Holinshed and others; 1807 edition; Volume II of VI, Part 12 of -12;<br />RICHARD II.</h1> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="xxpn" id="p711">|711|</div> - -<div class="fsize2 padtopa">RICHARD THE SECOND,</div> - -<div class="fsize5">the second sonne to Edward prince of Wales.</div> - -<div class="sidenotea padtopa"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 1.</h2> - -<div class="fsize4">1377.</div> - -<p><i>Fabian.</i></p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p>The Londoners sent to K. Richard, commending themselues -to his fauour before <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> death of K. Edward.</p></div> - -<p class="pfirst padtopa">RICHARD, the second of that name, and sonne -to prince Edward, called the blacke prince, the sonne of king Edward -the third, a child of the age of eleuen yeares, began to reign ouer -the realme of England the two and twentith daie of Iune, in the yeare -of the world 5344, of our Lord 1377, after the conquest 310, about -the two and thirtith yeare of the emperour Charles the fourth, and in -the fouretéenth yeare of Charles the fift king of France, and about -the seuenth yeare of the reigne of Robert the <span class="xxpn" id="p712">|712|</span> second king of -Scotland: he was named Richard of Burdeaux, bicause he was borne at -Burdeaux in Gascoigne, whilest his father ruled there. The day before -it was vnderstood, that his grandfather king Edward was departed this -life, being the one and twentith of Iune (on which daie neuerthelesse -he deceassed) the citizens of London hauing certeine knowledge that he -could not escape his sicknesse, sent certeine aldermen vnto Kingston, -where the prince with his mother the princesse then laie, to declare -vnto the said prince their readie good wils, to accept him for their -lawfull king and gouernour, immediatlie after it should please God to -call to his mercie his grandfather, being now past hope of recouerie of -health. Wherefore they besought him, to haue their citie recommended -vnto his good grace, and that it would please him to visit the same -with his presence, sith they were readie in all sorts to honour and -obeie him, and to spend both liues and goods in his cause, if need -required.<br class="fltstop" /></p> -</div><!--chapter--> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Iohn Philpot.</p> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster & the Lōdoners submit their quarels -to the kings order.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, they besought him, that it might please his grace to make an end of the -discord betwixt the citizens, and the duke of Lancaster, which through the malice of -some had béene raised, to the commoditie of none, but to the discommoditie of diuerse. -When Iohn Philpot, one of the foresaid aldermen, that had the words in all their names, -had ended his oration, he was answered by the prince and his councell, that he would -indeuour himselfe in all things to satisfie their requests, and so were they sent home to -bring a ioifull answer of their messege to the citie. The morrow after, there were sent -to London from the king, the lord Latimer, sir Nicholas Bond, sir Simon Burlie, & sir -Richard Adderburie, knights; to bring them sorowfull newes of the assured death of -king Edward, who (as we haue said) deceassed the day before; but comfortable newes -againe, of the great towardlinesse and good meaning of the yoong king, who promised to -loue them and their citie, and to come to the same citie, as they had desired him to doo. -And further, that he had spoken to the duke of Lancaster in their behalfe, and that the -duke had submitted himselfe to him in all things touching the cause; wherevpon the kings -pleasure was, that they should likewise submit themselues, and he would doo his indeuor, -that an agreement might be had to the honor of the citizens, and profit of the -citie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The citizens liked not of this forme of procéeding in the dukes matter, bicause the -king was yoong, and could not giue order therein, but by substitutes: yet at length with -much adoo, they were contented to submit themselues, as the duke had doone before, -though not, till that the knights had vndertaken vpon their oth of fidelitie and knighthood, -that their submission should not redound to the temporall or bodilie harme of any of -them, consenting to the kings will in this point. And so with this caution they tooke -their iournie towards Sheene, where they found the new K. with his mother, the duke of -Lancaster & his brethren, vncles to the king, and diuerse bishops, about the bodie of -the deceassed king. When it was knowen that the Londoners were come, they were -called before the king, by whom the matter was so handled, that the duke and they were -made fréends. After this, when the king should ride through the citie towards the coronation, -the said duke and the lord Percie riding on great horses before him, as by vertue -of their offices appointed to make way before, vsed themselues so courteouslie, modestlie, -and pleasantlie, that where before they two were greatlie suspected of the common people, -by reason of their great puissance in the realme, and huge rout of reteiners, they ordered -the matter so, that neither this day, nor the morrow after, being the day of the kings coronation, -they offended any maner of person, but rather by gentle and swéet demeanour -they reclaimed the harts of manie, of whome before they were greatlie had in suspicion, -and thought euill of.  <span class="nowrap">¶ But</span> now, sith we are entred into the matter of this kings coronation, -we haue thought good breefelie to touch some particular point thereof (as in -Thomas Walsingham we find it) though nothing so largelie here, as the author himselfe -setteth it foorth, bicause the purpose of this worke will not so permit. <span class="xxpn" id="p713">|713|</span></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The maner & order of the kings coronation.</p></div> - -<p>The king, in riding thorough the citie towards Westminster, on the 15 -daie of Iulie being wednesdaie, was accompanied with such a traine of -the nobilitie and others, as in such case was requisite. Sir Simon -Burlie bare the sword before him, and sir Nicholas Bond lead the -kings horsse by the bridle on foot. The noise of trumpets and other -instruments was maruellous, so that this seemed a day of ioy and mirth, -a day that had béene long looked for, bicause it was hoped, that -now the quiet orders and good lawes of the land, which thorough the -slouthfulnesse of the aged king deceassed, and couetousnesse of those -that ruled about him, had béene long banished, should now be renewed -and brought againe in vse. The citie was adorned in all sorts most -richlie. The water conduits ran with wine for the space of thrée houres -togither. In the vpper end of Cheape, was a certeine castell made with -foure towers, out of the which castell, on two sides of it, there ran -foorth wine abundantlie. In the towers were placed foure beautifull -virgins, of stature and age like to the king, apparelled in white -vestures, in euerie tower one, the which blew in the kings face, at his -approching néere to them, leaues of gold; and as he approched also, -they threw on him and his horsse florens of gold counterfeit.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>When he was come before the castell, they tooke cups of gold, and filling them with -wine at the spouts of the castell, presented the same to the king and to his nobles. On -the top of the castell, betwixt the foure towers, stood a golden angell, holding a crowne -in his hands, which was so contriued, that when the king came, he bowed downe & offered -to him the crowne. But to speake of all the pageants and shewes which the citizens had -caused to be made, and set foorth in honour of their new king, it were superfluous; -euerie one in their quarters striuing to surmount other, and so with great triumphing of -citizens, and ioy of the lords and noble men, he was conueied vnto his palace at Westminster, -where he rested for that night. The morrow after being thursdaie, and the 16 -day of Iulie, he was fetcht to the church with procession of the bishops and monks, and -comming before the high altar, where the pauement was couered with rich clothes of -tapistrie, he there kneeled downe and made his praiers, whilest two bishops soong the -Letanie, which being finished, the king was brought to his seat, the quéere singing an -antheme, beginning, Fermetur manus tua.</p> - -<p>That doone, there was a sermon preached by a bishop touching the dutie of a king, -how he ought to behaue himselfe towards the people, and how the people ought to be -obedient vnto him. The sermon being ended, the king receiued his oth before the archbishop -and nobles: which doone, the archbishop hauing the lord Henrie Percie lord -marshall going before him, turned him to euerie quarter of the church, declaring to the -people the kings oth, and demanding of them, if they would submit themselues vnto such -a prince & gouernor, and obeie his commandements: and when the people with a lowd -voice had answered that they would obeie him, the archbishop vsing certeine praiers, -blessed the king; which ended, the archbishop came vnto him, and tearing his garments -from the highest part to the lowest, stripped him to his shirt. Then was brought by -earles, a certeine couerture of cloth of gold, vnder the which he remained, whilest he -was annointed.</p> - -<p>The archbishop (as we haue said), hauing stripped him, first annointed his hands, -then his head, brest, shoulders, and the ioints of his armes with the sacred oile, saieng -certeine praiers, and in the meane time did the quéere sing the antheme, beginning, -Vnxerunt regem Salomonem, &c. And the archbishop added another praier, Deus -Dei filius, &c. Which ended, he and the other bishops soong the hymne, Veni creator -spiritus, the king knéeling in a long vesture, & the archbishop with his suffraganes -about him. When the hymne was ended, he was lift vp by the archbishop, and clad -first with the coate of saint Edward, and after with his mantell, a stoale being cast about -his necke, the archbishop in the meane time saieng certeine praiers appointed for -the purpose. After this, the archbishop and bishops deliuered to him the sword, saieng, -Accipe gladium, &c. <span class="xxpn" id="p714">|714|</span></p> - -<p>When that praier was ended, two earles girded him with the sword, which doone, the -archbishop gaue to him bracelets, saieng, Accipe armillas, &c. After this, the archbishop -did put vpon him an vppermost vesture, called a pall, saieng, Accipe pallium, &c. In -the meane time, whilest the archbishop blessed the kings crowne, he to whose office it -apperteined, did put spurs on his héeles. After the crowne was blessed, the archbishop set -it on his head, saieng, Coronet te Deus, &c. Then did the archbishop deliuer to him a -ring, with these words, Accipe annulum, &c. Immediatlie herewith came the lord Furniuall -by vertue of his office, offering to him a red gloue, which the archbishop blessed, and -putting it on his hand, gaue to him the scepter, with these words, Accipe sceptrum, &c. -Then did the archbishop deliuer to him in his other hand a rod, in the top whereof stood a -doue, with these words, Accipe virgam virtutis, &c. After this the archbishop blessed the -king, saieng, Benedicat de Deus, &c.</p> - -<p>These things doone, the king kissed the bishops and abbats, by whome he was lead -afterwards vnto his seat, the bishops beginning to sing (Te Deum) which ended, the archbishop -said to him, Sta & retine amodo locum, &c. When these things were finished, they -began masse, the bishop of Worcester read the epistle, and the bishop of Elie the gospell. -At the offertorie, the king rose from his seat, and was brought to offer. He therfore offered -first his sword, and after so much gold as he would, but no lesse than a marke, by reason -of the custome; for more he might offer to God and S. Peter, but lesse he could not. -After this, he offered bread and wine, with which he and the archbishop did after communicate. -This doone, the earle, to whome it apperteined to beare the sword before the -king, redéemed the sword which the king had offered with monie, and receiuing the same, -bare it afore the king. When masse should be soong, the king was brought againe to the -altar, & there knéeling downe, and saieng Confiteor to the archbishop, did communicate, -and so was brought backe to his seat. The wardens of the cinque ports by their office, as -well in time of the procession, as when he was annointed also at masse time, and as he -returned from the church to the palace to dinner, held ouer him a large canopie of blew -veluet, fastened vnto foure staues at the foure corners.</p> - -<p>In the meane time, sir Iohn Dimmocke that claimed to be the kings champion, had -béen at the kings armorie and stable, where he had chosen according to his tenure, the best -armour saue one, and the best stéed saue one: albeit, sir Baldwine Freuill claimed the -same office, but could not obteine it; so that the said sir Iohn Dimmocke hauing armed -himselfe, and being mounted on horssebacke, came to the abbeie gates, with two riding -before him, the one carrieng his speare, and the other his shield, staieng there till masse -should be ended. But the lord Henrie Percie lord marshall, appointed to make waie -before the king with the duke of Lancaster lord Steward, the lord Thomas of Woodstoke -lord constable, and the lord marshals brother sir Thomas Percie, being all mounted on -great horsses, came to the knight, and told him, that he ought not to come at that time, -but when the king was at dinner, and therefore it should be good for him to vnarme himselfe -for a while, and take his ease and rest, till the appointed time were come.</p> - -<p>The knight did as the lord marshall willed him, and so after his departure, the king -hauing those lords riding afore him, was borne on knights shoulders vnto his palace, and -so had to his chamber, where he rested a while, being somewhat faint with trauell, and -tooke a small refection. After this, comming into the hall, he created foure new earles, -before he sat downe to meat; to wit, his vncle the lord Thomas de Wodstoke earle of -Buckingham, to whome he gaue a thousand marks a yeare out of his treasurie, till he prouided -him of lands to the like value. The lord Guishard de Engolesme, that had béene -his tutor, was created earle of Huntington, to whome he gaue likewise a thousand marks -annuitie, till he were prouided of lands of like value. The lord Mowbraie was created -earle of Nottingham, and the lord Henrie Percie earle of Northumberland. He made also -nine knights the same daie.</p> - -<p>To shew what roiall seruice was at this feast, it passeth our vnderstanding to describe: <span class="xxpn" id="p715">|715|</span> -but to conclude, the fare was excéeding sumptuous, and the furniture princelie in all -things, that if the same should be rehearsed, the reader would perhaps doubt of the truth -therof.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> the midst of the kings palace was a marble pillar raised hollow vpon steps, -on the top whereof was a great gilt eagle placed, vnder whose feet in the chapiter of the -pillar, diuers kinds of wine came gushing foorth at foure seuerall places all the daie long, -neither was anie forbidden to receiue the same, were he neuer so poor or abiect. On the -morrow after the coronation, there was a generall procession of the archbishop, bishop, -and abbats then present, with the lords, and a great multitude of people, to praie for the -king and the peace of the kingdome.</p> - -<p>At the going foorth of this procession, the bishop of Rochester preached, exhorting -them, that the dissentions and discords which had long continued betwixt the people and -their superiours, might be appeased and forgotten, proouing by manie arguments, that -the same highlie displeased God. He admonished the lords, not to be so extreme and -hard towards the people. On the other part, he exhorted the people in necessarie causes, -for the aid of the king and realme, chéerefullie, and without grudging, to put to their helping -hands, according to their bounden duties. He further exhorted those in generall that -were appointed to be about the king, that they should forsake vice, and studie to liue in -cleanesse of life and vertue. For if by their example the king were trained to goodnesse, -all should be well; but if he declined through their sufferance from the right waie, the -people and kingdome were like to fall in danger to perish. After the sermon and procession -were ended, the lords and prelats went to their lodgings.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> -<p>Rie burnt by <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> Frenchmen.</p> -<p><i>Tho. Wals.</i></p> -<p>The Frenchmen spoile the Ile of Wight. Sir Hugh -Tirrell.</p> -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i></p> -<p>Portsmouth, Dartmouth, & -Plimmouth, burnt by the French.</p></div> - -<p>But now, bicause the Englishmen should haue their ioies mingled with some sorrowes, -it chanced that the Frenchmen (which about the same time that the kings grandfather -departed this life, were wafting on the seas) within six or seauen daies after his deceasse, -burnt the towne of Rie. Wherevpon, immediatlie after the coronation, the earles of Cambridge -and Buckingham were sent with a power vnto Douer, and the earle of Salisburie -vnto Southampton: but in the meane time, to wit, the one and twentith of August, the -Frenchmen entring the Ile of Wight, burnt diuerse townes in the same. -And though they -were repelled from the castell, by the valiant manhood of sir Hugh Tirrell capteine -thereof, who laid no small number of them on the ground; yet they constreined the men -of the Ile to giue them a thousand marks of siluer to saue the residue of their houses and -goods, and so they departed from thence, sailing still along the costs, and where they saw -aduantage, set on land, burning sundrie towns néere to the shore, as Portesmouth, Dartmouth, -and Plimmouth.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Hastings burnt.</p> - -<p>An ouerthrow giuen by the Frēch to the Englishmen.</p></div> - -<p>They made countenance also to haue set on Southampton, if sir Iohn Arundell, brother -to the earle of Arundell had not beene readie there with a number of men of armes and -archers, by whome the towne was defended, and the enimies chased to their ships. From -thence the Frenchmen departed, and sailing towards Douer, burnt Hastings; but Winchelsie -they could not win, being valiantlie defended by the abbat of Battell, and others. -After this, they landed one day not far from the abbeie of Lewes, at a place called Rottington, -where the prior of Lewes, and two knights, the one named sir Thomas Cheinie, and -the other sir Iohn Falleslie, hauing assembled a number of the countrie people, incountred -the Frenchmen, but were ouerthrowen; so that there were slaine about an hundred -Englishmen; and the prior, with the two knights, and an esquier called Iohn Brokas, -were taken prisoners, but yet the Frenchmen lost a great number of their owne men at this -conflict, and so with their prisoners retired to their ships and gallies, and after returned -into France.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Polydor.</i></p> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster & the earle of Cambridge appointed -protectors.</p> -<p><i>In Angl. præl.</i></p></div> - -<p>But now touching the dooings about the new K. You shall vnderstand, that by reason -of his yoong yeares, as yet he was not able to gouerne himselfe, and therefore Iohn duke -of Lancaster, and Edmund earle of Cambridge, with other péeres of the realme, were -appointed to haue the administration. He was of good disposition and towardnesse, but -his age being readie to incline which way soeuer a man should bend it, those that were <span class="xxpn" id="p716">|716|</span> -appointed to haue the gouernement of his person, did what laie in them now at the first, -to keepe him from all maner of light demeanor. But afterwards, when euerie one began to -studie more for his owne priuate commoditie, than for the aduancement of the commonwealth, -they set open the gates to other, which being readie to corrupt his good nature, by -little and little grew familiar with him, and dimming the brightnesse of true honour, with -the counterfeit shine of the contrarie, so maskered his vnderstanding, that in the end they -brought him to tract the steps of lewd demeanour, and so were causers both of his and -their owne destruction. This séemeth to be touched by C. Okland, who speaking of the -death of the old king and the erection of the new, saith of him according to our annales, -as followeth:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Vndecimum puer hic nondum transegerat annum,</p> -<p class="pverse">Cùm iuuenile caput gessit diademate cinctum.</p> -<p class="pverse">Qui postquam princeps iustis adoleuerat annis,</p> -<p class="pverse">Dicere non facile est quantum distaret auitis</p> -<p class="pverse">Moribus atque animo, fuit hic quàm disparemente,</p> -<p class="pverse">Dissimili ingenio claræ matríque patríque.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p>Berwicke castell woone by the Scots.</p> - -<p>Berwike castell recouered by the Englishmen.</p></div> - -<p>The Frenchmen not ignorant of such mischéefes as were like to grow in England, -suffered no time to passe, but tooke occasions of aduantage when they were offered.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ Among</span> other enterprises I find, that shortlie after the deceasse of king Edward, the -duke of Burgognie wan Arde, and two or three other fortresses in those marches. The -Scots this yeare also wan the castell of Berwike by stealth one morning, but shortlie vpon -knowledge had, the earles of Northumberland and Notingham, the lords Neuill, Lucie, -Graistoke, & Stafford, with other lords, knights, and esquiers, came with their powers in all -hast thither, and entring the towne, besieged the castell, and finallie, assaulting them that -kept it, wan it of them by force, and slue all those Scotishmen which they found within it, -except Alexander Ramsie their capteine. When the Englishmen had thus recouered the -castell, they entred into Scotland, in hope to find the Scots, and to fight with them whom -they knew to be assembled.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>An ouerthrow giuen by the Scots to the Englishmen.</p> - -<p>The siege of Mortaigne raised.</p></div> - -<p>The English host was thrée thousand men of armes, & seuen thousand archers, but they -sent foorth sir Thomas Musgraue with thrée hundred speares, and thrée hundred archers, -to Meuros, to trie if he might vnderstand any thing of the Scots in those parts, with whom -the earle Dowglas, hauing with him seuen hundred speares, and two thousand of other -called yomen with glaiues and other weapons, incountered by chance and distressed him -& his companie. Sir Thomas Musgraue himselfe, and six score other, were taken prisoners, -besides those that were slaine, the residue escaped by flight, making the best shift -they could for themselues. The lord Neuill, sir Thomas Triuet, sir William Scrope, and -diuerse other valiant capteins of England, were sent into Gascoigne this yeare, which first -landed at Burdeaux, on the euen of the Natiuitie of our ladie, where after they had rested -them a while, they went and raised the siege, which the Frenchmen had held before Mortaigne -in Poictou a long time before.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Gouernour of this siege at the first, was Yuan or Owen of Wales, but he was murthered -one morning as he sat alone viewing the castell, and combing his head, by one of his owne -countriemen, which vnder colour to serue him, was become with him verie familiar. This -Owen or Yuan whether ye will (for all is one) was sonne to a noble man of Wales, whom -K. Edward had put to death for some offense by him committed, where this Yuan got him -into France, being as then verie yoong, and was brought vp in the French court, and -prooued an expert man of warre, so that great lamentation was made for his death by the -Frenchmen. But the Englishmen, although they misliked the maner of his death, yet -they were not greatlie sorrowfull for the chance, sith they were rid thereby of an extreame -enimie.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A parlement. <i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>After that the Englishmen had raised the Frenchmen from the siege of Mortaigne, they -returned to Burdeaux, and after recouered sundrie castels and fortresses in the marches of <span class="xxpn" id="p717">|717|</span> -Burdelois, and about Baionne. Also they aided the king of Nauarre, against the king -of Castile, and made a road into the confines of Castile. But shortlie after, a peace was -concluded betwixt those two kings, so that the lord Charles of Nauarre should marrie -the daughter of the king of Castile vpon certeine conditions: and so the Englishmen had -their wages trulie paid them to their full contentation, and therevpon returned. About -Michaelmasse began a parlement that was summoned at Westminster, which continued -till the feast of saint Andrew. In this parlement the foresaid sir Peter de la Mere and -other the knights that had beene so earnest against dame Alice Peres in the last parlement -holden by king Edward the third, so prosecuted the same cause now in this parlement, -that the said dame Alice Peres was banished the realme, and all hir goods mooueable and -vnmooueable forfeited to the king, bicause contrarie to that she had promised by oth in -the said last parlement, she had presumed to come within the court, and to obteine of -the king what soeuer was to hir liking.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Two citizens of London appointed to kéepe the subsidie granted by parlement.</p> - -<p>Sir Hugh Caluerlie a valiant capteine.</p></div> - -<p>There were two tenths granted by the clergie to the king in this parlement, and two -fiftéenes of the temporaltie, to be paid the same yeare; and two citizens of London, William -Walworth, and Iohn Philpot were appointed to haue the kéeping of that monie, to -the end it might be imploied to the kings necessarie vses, for the defense of the realme. -Sir Hugh Caluerlie being deputie of Calis, comming one morning to Bullongne, burnt -certeine ships which laie there in the hauen, to the number of six and twentie, besides -two proper barkes, being vessels of no small accompt: and hauing spoiled and burnt -the most part of the base towne, he returned to Calis with a great rich bootie of goods -and cattell.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Marke castell recouered by sir Hugh Caluerlie, the same daie it was lost.</p></div> - -<p>Also, where the castell of Marke, in the absence of the capteine sir Robert de Salle, -that was gone ouer into England, was lost through negligence of them that were left in -charge within it; the same sir Hugh Caluerlie made such spéed in the matter, that he -recouered it againe the same daie it was lost, by force of assault, taking the Frenchmen -prisoners that were gotten into it, and hanging certeine Picards stipendarie soldiers in -the said castell, vnder the said sir Robert de Salle, for that whilest the Englishmen were -gone foorth, to see the shooting of a match which they had made amongst themselues, -a little off from the castell, those Picards being left within, shut the gates against them, -and receiued in the Frenchmen, with whome they had practised in treason, kéeping the -Englishmen foorth, to whom the safe kéeping of that castell was committed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1378.</div> - -<p>Iohn Wickliffe.</p> -<p><i>Hen. de Knighton canon abbat. -Leicest. in annalib. de Rich. secundo.</i></p></div> - -<p>This yeare was a bull sent from the pope vnto the vniuersitie of Oxenford, to apprehend -Iohn Wickliffe, parson of Lutterworth in Leicestershire, within the diocesse of -Lincolne. Also, there were other bulles to the same effect, sent vnto the archbishop -of Canturburie, and to the bishop of London. Likewise to the king were letters directed -from the pope, to require his fauour against the said Wickliffe, so greeuouslie was the -pope incensed against him, and not without cause, for if his conclusions in doctrine tooke -effect, he well perceiued his papisticall authoritie would shortlie decaie. As for the popish -cleargie, to them not onelie the sect but also the name of Wickliffe was so odious, that in -recording his opinions and sectaries, they excéed the bounds of all modestie, aggrauating -such reports as they infer concerning him or his with more than hyperbolicall lies: as appeereth -by that long and tedious discourse which he wrote, that compiling certeine annales -intituled De euentibus Angliæ, prefixeth this verse in the front of his volume, in -letters of red vermilon, as desiring to haue his name notoriouslie knowne to the world;<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Autoris nomen capitales litteræ pandunt:</p> -</div></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">He (I say) in that copious treatise hauing spoken as maliciouslie & viperouslie as he -might both of Wickliffes life, which he concludeth to be lewd; of his opinions, which he -auoucheth to be hereticall; and of his fauourers and followers, to whom (at his pleasure) -he giueth vnreuerent epithets (all which to prosecute at length, as by him they are in -ample sort laid downe, would but detect the mans malignitie, and procure an ouerthrow -of credit to be attributed vnto his declarations) he maketh vp his mouth with a tristichon <span class="xxpn" id="p718">|718|</span> -of poeticall imitation, to bring Wickliffe and his adherents into perpetuall obloquie and -defamation, saieng as followeth in verse and prose;</p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Si totum membrana solum, calamus nemus omne,</p> -<p class="pverse">Et Thetis encaustum, scriptor & omnis homo,</p> -<p class="pverse">Istorum facinus scribere non poterunt.</p> -</div></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">Maledictus conuentus eorum, quoniam pertinax, -propterea Deus destruat eos, in finem euellat, & emigrare faciat -de tabernaculis fidelium suorum, & radicem eorum de terra regni; -& hoc videant iusti, & lætentur; vt dicere possint; Ecce -populus qui se exaltauit super electos doctores Domini, & sperauit -in multitudine vanitatis suæ: confundantur & pereant cum doctrina -eorum in æternum, &c.</p></blockquote> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The nauie setteth foorth, and is beaten backe by tempest.</p> - -<p>Exploits doone by sir Hugh Caluerlie.</p></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">But of Wickliffes life and doctrine to read at large, I remit the reader to the acts and -monuments of the church, published by maister Iohn Fox: and now will we returne to -matters of state and policie. There went foorth this yeare a verie great nauie of ships to -the sea, vnder the guiding of the earle of Buckingham, the duke of Britaine, the lord Latimer, -the lord Fitz Walter, sir Robert Knolles, and other valiant capteins, meaning to -haue intercepted the Spanish fléet that was gone to Sluse in Flanders, but thorough rage -of tempest, and contrarie winds, they were driuen home, although twise they attempted -their fortune: but sir Hugh Caluerlie, deputie of Calis, slept not his businesse, dooing -still what displeasures he could to the Frenchmen. Shortlie after Christmasse, he spoiled -the towne of Estaples the same daie the faire was kept there, to which a great number of -merchants of Bullongne were come to make their markets, but the sellers had quicke vtterance, -for that that might easilie be caried awaie, the Englishmen laid hands on, and caused -the owners to redéeme the residue with great sums of monie, which they vndertooke to -paie; or else sir Hugh threatned to haue burnt all that was left, togither with the houses.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster misliking the manners -of the court, getteth himselfe home to <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> castell of Killingworth.</p></div> - -<p>Yée haue heard, how at the first the duke of Lancaster was one of the chéefe about -the yoong king in gouernement of his person and realme, who prudentlie considering, -that sith there must néeds be an alteration in the state, & doubting least if any thing -chanced otherwise than well, the fault and blame might be chéefelie imputed to him, and -thanks (howsoeuer things went) he looked for none, he gaue therefore the slip, obteining -licence of the king to depart, and so got him home to his castell of Killingworth, permitting -other to haue the whole swaie: for before his departure from the court, there -were with his consent ordeined such as should be attending on the kings person, and -haue the rule and ordering of matters perteining to the state, as William Courtnie, then -bishop of London (though shortlie after remooued to the archbishops see of Canturburie) -Edmund Mortimer earle of March, & diuerse other, of whome the people had conceiued -a good opinion: but yet bicause the bishop of Salisburie, and the lord Latimer -were admitted amongst the residue, the commons murmured greatlie against them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The earle of Northumberland resigned his office of lord marshall, in whose place succeeded -sir Iohn Arundell, brother vnto the earle of Arundell.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> duke of Lancaster, -although retired from the court, yet desirous to haue the monie in his hands that was -granted the last parlement, at length obteined it, vpon promise to defend the realme -from inuasion of all enimies for one yeares space: he therefore prouided a great nauie -to go to the sea, hiring nine ships of Baionne, to assist his enterprise herein, the which -in making saile hitherwards, incountred with the Spanish fléet, and tooke fouretéene vessels -laden with wines and other merchandize. But in the meane time, one Mercer a -Scotishman, with certeine saile of Scots, Frenchmen, and Spaniards, came to Scarburgh, -and there tooke certeine ships, and led them awaie to the sea, as it were in reuenge of his -fathers imprisonment, named Iohn Mercer, who before being caught by certeine ships -of the north parts, and deliuered to the earle of Northumberland, was committed to prison -within the castell of Scarburgh.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Iohn Philpot Alderman of London setteth -foorth a fléet at his own charges, to recouer certeine -English ships taken by the Scots.</p></div> - -<p>Iohn Philpot that worshipfull citizen of London, lamenting the negligence of them that -should haue prouided against such inconueniences, made foorth a fléet at his owne charges, <span class="xxpn" id="p719">|719|</span> -stronglie furnished with men of warre and munition necessarie: the men of warre méeting -with the same Mercer, accompanied with his owne ships, and fiftéene other Spaniards -that were newlie ioined with him, set vpon them, and so valiantlie behaued themselues, that -they tooke the said Mercer with all them that were then in his companie, so recouering -againe the ships that were taken from Scarburgh, besides great riches which were found -aboord, as well in the fiftéene Spanish ships, as the other that were of the old retinue, -belonging to the same Mercer. Iohn Philpot was afterwards blamed of the lords, for -presuming thus far, as to set foorth a nauie of men of warre, without the aduise of the -kings councell: but he made his answer in such wise vnto the earle of Stafford, and others -that laid the fault to his charge, that he was permitted to depart, without further trouble -for that matter.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Chierburg deliuered to the Englishmen.</p> - -<p>Additions to <i>Adam Merimuth.</i></p></div> - -<p>Before all such prouision as the duke of Lancaster prepared for his iournie to the sea -could be readie, the earles of Salisburie and Arundell sailed ouer into Normandie, where, -by such composition as was taken betwixt the king of England and the king of Nauarre, -who of new was become enimie to the French king, the towne of Chierburg was deliuered -vnto the said earles, who sending knowledge thereof backe into England, there were sent -ouer such as should haue in charge the kéeping of that towne; and so the two earles returned.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ We</span> find, that the king of Nauarre, hauing beene heere in England with the -king and his councell, had agréed with the king for a certeine yearelie rent, to demise -vnto him the said fortresse of Chierburg, whereby the Englishmen might haue frée entrie -into Normandie, when they would, as well to aid the king of Nauarre in his necessitie, -as to worke anie enterprise that should be thought expedient to the aduantage of the king -of England as occasion serued. But the obteining of possession of Chierburg brought -not so much ioy to the English nation, as the mishap that happened at the going foorth -of the said earles did cause lamentation and heauinesse.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The English nauie is ouermatched and ouercome by the Spanish fléet.</p></div> - -<p>For vpon the first entring into the sea, it fortuned that sir Philip, and sir Peter Courtenie, -discouered a certeine number of ships that were enimies, and vndiscréetlie entered amongst -them, there suddenlie came vpon them the Spanish fléet, so that the English ships that were -in companie with the said Philip and sir Peter, were not able to make their partie good, -in somuch that finallie after that sir Philip had lost diuerse of his men that were there -slaine, he got awaie by flight himselfe, though gréeuouslie wounded, but sir Peter was taken -prisoner with a few other knights that were with him; and the most part of all the valiant -esquiers of Summersetshire & Deuonshire, being there abroad with him, were slaine and -drowned, which was estéemed no small losse to the whole common-wealth.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Rokesburgh burnt by the Scots.</p></div> - -<p>Thus were the Englishmen occupied in this first yeare of king Richard with troubles -of warre, and not onelie against the Frenchmen, but also against the Scots. For euen -in the beginning of the same yeare, the Scots burnt Rokesburgh, in reuenge whereof the -new earle of Northumberland entered Scotland with ten thousand men, and sore spoiled -the lands of the earle of March for the space of thrée daies togither; bicause the said -earle of March was the chéefe author and procurer of the burning of Rokesburgh, & so -for that time th’ Englishmen were well reuenged of those enimies. But at an other time, -when the Northerne men would néeds make a rode into Scotland, entring by the west -borders, they were incountered by the Scots and put to flight, so that manie of them being -slaine, the Scots tooke the more courage to inuade the borders, till at length, Edmund -Mortimer earle of March came at the daie of truce, and tooke an abstinence of warre -betwixt both nations for the time, though the same continued not long.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 2.</h2> - -<p>The duke of Lācaster saileth -into Britaine with a great power.</p> - -<p>Additions to <i>Adam Merimuth.</i></p> - -<p>Hall & Shakerlie hath <i>Grafton</i>.</p> - -<p><i>Polydor.</i></p></div> - -<p>Anon after Midsummer, the duke of Lancaster with a strong power tooke the sea, and -landing in Britaine, besieged the towne of saint Mallo de Lisle, a fortresse of great importance. -There went ouer with him the earles of Buckingham, Warwike, Stafford, and -diuerse other of the English nobilitie, the which made their approches, and fiercelie -assailed the towne, but it was so valiantlie defended, that in the end, the duke with his <span class="xxpn" id="p720">|720|</span> -armie raised from thence, and returned without atchiuing his purpose.  <span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> the -same time, there was a notable and hainous murther committed within saint Peters church -at Westminster, by occasion of variance betwéene the lord Latimer and sir Rafe Ferrers -on the one partie, and two esquiers, the one called Robert Hall and the other Iohn -Shakell on the other partie, about a prisoner which was taken at the battell of Nazers in -Spaine, called the earle of Deane, who (as some write) was taken by one sir Franke de -Hall at the said battell; and bicause he remained in his hands at the death of the said sir -Franke, he bequeathed him vnto his sonne the said Robert Hall -esquier.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>But as other write, the said earle was taken by the said Robert Hall himselfe & Iohn -Shakell iointlie, and iudged to be their lawfull prisoner, by the sentence of the prince of -Wales, and sir Iohn Chandois that was master to the said esquiers. Wherevpon afterwards -the said earle obteined so much fauor, that by leauing his sonne and heire in gage -for his ransome, he returned into Spaine, to prouide monie to discharge it; but he was -so slow in that matter, after he was at libertie, that he departed this life before he made -any paiment, and so his lands fell to his sonne that remained in gage for the monie with -the two esquiers. Wherevpon it happened afterwards, that the duke of Lancaster, desirous -to haue the yoong earle in his hands (in hope through his meanes the better to accomplish -his enterprise which he meant to take in hand against the king of Castile, for the -right of that kingdome) procured his nephue king Richard to require the said earle of -Deane, at the hands of the said esquiers.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>But they refused to deliuer him, keeping their prisoner foorth of the waie, so that none -wist were he was become: the esquiers therefore were committed to the tower, out of -the which they escaped vnto Westminster, and there registred themselues for sanctuarie -men. The duke of Lancaster was herewith sore offended, and their enimies the said lord -Latimer and sir Rafe Ferrers tooke counsell togither, with sir Alane Boxhull and others, -how they might be reuenged of this despite. This sir Alane Boxhull was constable of the -tower, and therefore it greeued him not a little, that the esquiers had broken from him -and kept themselues thus at Westminster, vnder protection of that priuileged place. -Herevpon it was concluded, that sir Rafe Ferrers, and the said Alane Boxhull, taking -with them certeine men in armour, to the number of fiftie persons, should go and fetch -them by force from Westminster, vnto the tower againe.</p> - -<p>The morrow therefore after saint Laurence daie, being the eleuenth of August, these -two knights accompanied with certeine of the kings seruants and other, to the number -afore mentioned, came into the church at Westminster, whilest the said esquiers were -there hearing of high masse, which was then in celebrating; and first laieng hands vpon -Iohn Shakell, vsed the matter so with him, that they drew him foorth of the church, and -led him streight to the tower. But when they came to Robert Hall, and fell in reasoning -with him, he would not suffer them to come within his reach, and perceiuing they -meant to take him by force, he drew out a falcheon or short sword which he had girt to -him, and therewith laid so fréelie about him, trauersing twise round about the moonks -quier, that till they had beset him on ech side, they could doo him no hurt.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A cruell murther in Westminster church.</p></div> - -<p>Howbeit, at length when they had got him at that aduantage, one of them cloue his -head to the verie braines, and an other thrust him through the bodie behind with a sword, -and so they murthered him among them. They slue also one of the moonkes that would -haue had them to haue saued the esquiers life. Much adoo was about this matter, for -the breaking thus of the sanctuarie, in somuch that the archbishop of Canturburie, and -fiue other bishops his suffragans, openlie pronounced all them that were present at this -murder accurssed, and likewise all such as aided or counselled them to it, cheeflie and -namelie sir Alane Boxhull, and sir Rafe Ferrers, capteins and leaders of them. The -king, the queene, and the duke of Lancaster were yet excepted by speciall names. The -bishop of London a long time after, euerie sundaie, wednesdaie, and fridaie, pronounced -this excommunication in the church of S. Paule at London. <span class="xxpn" id="p721">|721|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster (though excepted in the same) yet in behalfe of his fréends was -not a little offended with the bishops dooings, in so much that in a councell holden at -Windsore (to the which the bishop of London was called, but would not come, nor -yet ceasse the pronouncing of the cursse, albeit the king had requested him by his letters) -the duke said openlie, that the bishops froward dealings were not to be borne with, but -(saith he) if the king would command me, I would gladlie go to London, and fetch that -disobedient prelat, in dispite of those ribaulds (for so he termed them) the Londoners. -These words procured the duke much euill will, as well of the Londoners, as of other: for -it was commonlie said, that whatsoeuer had béene doone at Westminster, concerning the -murther there committed in the church, was doone by his commandement.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A parlement at Glocester.</p></div> - -<p>About the feast of S. Luke, a parlement was holden at Glocester, for the displeasure -(as was thought) which some of the councell had conceiued against the Londoners, or -rather (as some tooke it) for feare of them, least if any thing were doone contrarie to -their minds, they should be about to hinder it, if the parlement had beene kept neere -them: for manie things (as some iudged) were meant to haue beene put foorth and concluded -in this parlement, albeit few in effect came to passe of those matters that were -surmised, sauing that it was inacted, that the king should haue a marke of the merchants -for euerie sacke of their woolles, for this present yeare; and for euerie pounds worth of -wares that was brought in from beyond the seas, and here sold, six pence of the buiers.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ Also,</span> certeine priuileges were granted in this parlement to merchant-strangers, that they -might buie and sell in grosse, or by retaile within this realme, as in the printed booke of -statutes it appeareth.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The pope sendeth to the king for aid.</p> - -<p>Berwike castell woone by the Scots.</p></div> - -<p>This yeare came messengers from the new elected pope Vrbane, with letters to require -kings assistance and aid against such cardinals as he named schismatikes, that had -elected an other pope whome they named Clement, which cardinals sent likewise their -messengers with letters, to beséech the king to aid them with his fauourable assistance: -but through persuasion of the archbishop of Canturburie, Vrbans request was granted, -and Clements reiected. About the same time, to wit, on thursdaie before the feast of S. -Andrew th’ apostle, the Scots by stelth entred by night into the castell of Berwike, and -slue sir Robert Bointon, a right valiant knight, that was constable thereof, permitting -his wife, children, and seruants to depart, with condition, that within three weeks next -insuing, they should either paie them thrée thousand marks, or else yeeld their bodies -againe to prison.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Alexander Ramsie was onlie saued as <i>Froissard</i> saith.</p> - -<p>Berwike castell recouered by the earle of Northumberland.</p></div> - -<p>The morrow after, the same Scots fetched a great bootie of cattell out of the countries -next adioining, but immediatlie after the earle of Northumberland being aduertised hereof, -hasted thither with foure hundred armed men, and assaulting the castell on ech side, -after two houres defense, wan it, slaieng of the defendants about eight and fortie, reseruing -onelie one of the whole number aliue, that he might informe the Englishmen thoroughlie -of the Scotishmens purposes. At this enterprise was the earle of Northumberlands -eldest sonne, spreading there first his banner, and dooing so valiantlie, that he deserued -singular commendation; as likewise did sir Alane de Heton, and sir Thomas de Ilderton, -with those of the surname of the Herons, euerie of these hauing their quarters assigned to -assault. Thus was the castell recouered the ninth daie after the Scots had entered the -same, so that they enioied not long that victorious exploit.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Sir Robert Rous a valiāt capteine.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1379.</div></div> - -<p>And bicause this enterprise was taken in hand against the couenant of the truce, the -earle of Northumberland, before he attempted to recouer the castell, sent to the earle of -March in Scotland, to vnderstand if he would auow that which his countrimen had doone, -touching the winning of that castell, who sent him knowledge againe, that he neither -vnderstood of their enterprise, nor would be partaker with them therein: but if it so -pleased the earle of Northumberland, he would come himselfe, and helpe to recouer it to -the K. of Englands vse, out or those Scotishmens hands, which without publike authoritie -had made that exploit. This yeare, sir Robert Rous, capteine of Chierburg, was called <span class="xxpn" id="p722">|722|</span> -home, after he had taken sir Oliuer de Clisson, and atchiued manie other worthie aduentures -against the kings enimies. In his place was sent sir Iohn Herleston, to remaine -vpon the gard of that castell. Also sir Hugh Caluerlie, deputie of Calis, that had so -valiantlie borne himselfe against the Frenchmen, was likewise discharged; and comming -home was made admerall, being ioined in commission in that office with sir Thomas -Percie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Sir William Montacute earle of Salisburie was sent ouer to Calis, to be the kings lieutenant -there, who shortlie after his comming thither fetcht a great bootie of cattell out -of the enimies countrie adjoining, so that Calis was furnished with no small number of -the same.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Sir</span> Hugh Caluerlie, and sir Thomas Percie, going to sea, tooke seauen -ships laden with merchandize, and one ship of warre.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> archbishop of Cassils in -Ireland, returning from Rome, brought with him large authoritie of binding and loosing, -granted to him by pope Vrbane, in fauour of whome at his comming to London, in a -sermon which he preached, he declared to the people, how the French king, holding with -the antipape Clement, was denounced accursed; and therefore now was the time for -Englishmen to make warre in France, hauing such occasion, as greater could not be -offered; speciallie, sith it was like that the excommunicated king should haue no courage -to make resistance. This is I will not sale the diuinitie (for what heauenlinesse can -there be in such damnable doctrine, to set people togither by the eares?) of the Romanists; -so farre off are they from the studie of peace and concord betwixt man and man, -that they set whole monarchies and empires vp to the mid leg in streams of bloud, -imitating their great grandfather sathan, who hath béene a makebate and a murtherer -from the beginning: renouncing the footsteps of Christ with open mouth, and forswering -to follow him either in demeanour or doctrine, and therefore;</p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Quis nisimentis inops, vt sanctum tale probabit?</p> -<p class="pverse">Hæccine mens Christi? Talia nulla docet.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The sanctuarie at Westminster confirmed by parlement.</p> - -<p>A subsidie to be paid by the great men, & the commons go frée.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 3.</h2> - -<p>A notable exploit doone by sir Iohn Harleston.</p></div> - -<p>In a parlement holden at Westminster this yeare after Easter, it was ordeined, that the -priuileges and immunities of the abbeie of Westminster should remaine whole and inuiolate; -but yet there was a prouiso against those that tooke sanctuarie, with purpose to -defraud their creditors, that their lands & goods shuld be answerable to the discharging -of their debts. In the same parlement was granted to the king a subsidie, to be leuied -of the great men of the land. To the end the commons might be spared, the dukes of -Lancaster and Britaine paied twentie marks, euerie earle six marks, bishops and abbats -with miters as much, and euerie moonke thrée shillings foure pence: also, euerie iustice, -shiriffe, knight, esquier, parson, vicar, and chapleine, were charged after a certeine rate, -but not any of the commons that were of the -laitie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Ye haue heard how sir Iohn Harleston was sent to Chierburg as capteine of that fortresse, -who issuing abroad on a day, with such power as he might take foorth, leauing -the fortresse furnished, came to a place, where within a church and in a mill, the Frenchmen -had laid vp, as in storehouses, a great quantitie of vittels, for prouision; which -church and mill the Englishmen assaulted so valiantlie, that notwithstanding there were -within a good number of the enimies, that did their best to defend themselues, yet at -length they were taken, and sir Iohn Harleston with his companie, returned with the vittels -towards Chierburg, but by the way they were incountred by one sir William de -Bourds, whome the French king had appointed to lie in Mountburg with a strong power -of men of war, to countergarison Chierburg.</p> - -<p>Herevpon insued a sore conflict, and manie an hardie man was beaten to the ground. -And although it séemed that the Englishmen were ouermatched in number, yet they -stucke to it manfullie. Their capteine sir Iohn Harleston, fighting in the foremost -presse, was felled, and laie on the ground at his enimies féet in great hazard of death. -The Englishmen neuerthelesse continued their fight, till at length sir Geffrie Worslie, -with a wing of armed footmen with axes, came to the rescue (for to that end he was left <span class="xxpn" id="p723">|723|</span> -behind, of purpose to come to their aid if néed required) with whose comming the -Frenchmen were so hardlie handled, that to conclude, they were broken insunder, beaten -downe and wholie vanquished: there were of them slaine aboue six score, and as manie -taken prisoners, among which number was their chéefe capteine sir William de Bourdes -taken, and brought to Chierburg with the residue, and there put in safe keeping. This -exploit was atchiued by the Englishmen, on saint Martins day in winter, in this third -yeare of king Richard his reigne.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Sir Iohn Clearke a valiant capteine.</p> - -<p>A policie.</p></div> - -<p>But least any ioy should come to the English people in that season, without some mixture -of gréefe, one sir I. Clearke a right valiant knight, & fellow in armes with sir Hugh -Caluerlie, chanced this yeare to lie in garrison in a castell in Britaine, where was an -hauen, & diuerse English ships lieng in the same, whereof the French gallies being -aduertised, came thither, to set those ships on fire, appointing one of their gallies first to -attempt the feat, and if fortune so would, to traine the Englishmen foorth, till they should -fall into the laps of foure other gallies which they laid as it had béene in ambush. Now -as the enimies wished so it came to passe, for the Englishmen perceiuing their vessels in -danger to be burnt of the enimies, ran euerie man aboord to sane the ships and goods -within them; and amongst the rest, sir Iohn Clearke their capteine, meaning to take such -part as his men did, got aboord also, and streight falling in pursute of the gallie that withdrew -for the purpose aforesaid, the Englishmen were shortlie inclosed with the other -gallies before they were aware, not knowing what shift to make to auoid the present -danger.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Sir Iohn Clearke, perceiuing how the case stood, laid about him like a giant, causing -his companie still to draw backe againe, whilest he resisting the enimies, did shew such -proofe of his valiancie, that they were much astonished therewith. To be short, he so -manfullie behaued himselfe, that the most part of his companie had time to recouer land; -but when he that had thus preserued others shuld leape foorth of the ship to saue himselfe, -he was striken on the thigh with an ax, that downe he fell, and so came into the -enimies hands, being not able to recouer that hurt, for his thigh was almost quite cut off -from the bodie, so that he died of that and other hurts presentlie, leauing a remembrance -behind him of manie worthie acts through his valiancie atchiued, to his high praise and -great commendation. The barke of Yorke was also lost the same time, being a proper -vessell; and now taken suddenlie, sanke with all that were aboord in hir, both Englishmen, -and the enimies also that were entered into hir, thinking to carrie hir awaie.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Britaine restored to his dukedome.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time the duke of Britaine returning into his countrie, vnder the conduct -of sir Thomas Percie and sir Hugh Caluerlie, landed at a hauen not far from saint -Malo, the fourth day of August, being receiued with vnspeakable ioy of the Britaines, as -well lords as commons, so that the louing harts which they bare towards him, might -well appeare, although the loue which he bare to the king of England had caused his -subiects, in fauor of France, to kéepe him manie yeares foorth of his dukedome as a -banished prince, but at length, they being ouercome with irkesomnesse of his long absence, -with generall consents sent for him home, so that there were but few of the British nobilitie -that withdrew their dutifull obedience from him, and those were onelie such as -firmelie linked in seruice with the French king, were loth to forgo such roomes and -dignities as vnder him they inioied; namelie, the constable of France, sir Berthram -de Cleaquin, the lord Clisson, the lord de Rohen, and the lord Rochfort, and certeine -others.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Sir Hugh Caluerlie.</p></div> - -<p>The lord de la Vall amongst other, came to him (as we find in Thomas Walsingham) -offering him his seruice as well as the residue. At his landing, he was likelie to haue -lost all such furniture, as well of vittels, apparell, hangings, bedding, armour, and -other things, which either he or his traine had brought with them. For the French gallies -espieng their time, immediatlie as he and his companie were set on land, before the ships -in which the said furniture was fraught, could enter the hauen, which was somewhat <span class="xxpn" id="p724">|724|</span> -streight and narrow, came vpon them, and had them at such aduantage, that if sir Hugh -Caluerlie with his archers had not caused the master of his ship, euen against his will to -returne againe to the rescue, the gallies had taken and gone awaie with the other ships; -but through the manfull prowes of sir Hugh, the gallies were repelled, & the ships saued: -for according to his woonted valiancie he would not returne, till he saw all other in safetie, -& then defending himselfe so well as he might, withdrew into the hauen, and landed safelie -with the residue.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>An hainous murther of a merchant stranger.</p> - -<p>Great death in the north countrie.</p> - -<p>Great spoile by the Scots in the death time.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time was an hainous murther committed in London, of a merchant -Genowes, whome certeine English merchants vpon spite and enuie, which they bare towards -him, caused to be slaine one euening in the stréet before his own gates. The -cause that mooued the merchants so to procure his death was, for that he vndertooke to -furnish this land, hauing the staple allowed him at Southhampton, of all such wares as -came foorth of Leuant, so plentifullie as was to be had in any place in all the west parts -of christendome. In the summer of this yeare, a greeuous mortalitie afflicted the north -parts of this land, so that the countrie became almost desolate. And to the increase of -that miserie, the Scots thinking the time to serue their turne, inuaded the borders, and -most cruellie harried, robbed, and spoiled the same, not letting passe any part, of most -cruell murthering of the people that were left aliue, and not made awaie by that sore contagious -sicknesse. The number of cattell was infinite which they droue out of the land -with them, not sparing heards of swine which they tooke at this time, where they neuer -medled with that kind of cattell before that present.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Before the Scots made this iournie into England, whilest the mortalitie was most in -force, they calling to certeine of the English borderers, asked of them how it came to -passe, that so great a death reigned amongst them. The Englishmen, as good, plaine, -and simple meaning men, told them, that trulie they knew not the cause, for Gods iudgements -were hid from them in such behalfe. But one thing they knew, that all calamitie, -death, and aduersitie that chanced vnto them, came by the speciall grace of God, to the -end that being punished for their sinnes, they might learne to repent and amend their -wicked liues. The Scots hearing this, when they should enter this land, vnderstanding -lewdlie what the Englishmen had told them concerning the disease, and the grace of -God, deuised a blessing forsooth to be said euerie morning, of the most ancient person -in euerie familie, as; Benedicite, said he: Dominus, said the residue. Then began he -againe, saieng; God and saint Mango, saint Romane and saint Andro, shield vs this -daie fra Gods grace, and the fewle death that Englishmen dien vpon. Thus the senselesse -men misconstruing this word the grace of God, praied for their owne destruction, -which if not in this world, yet for their brutish crueltie vsed at that present, against the -miserable creatures, whom the hand of God had spared in time of that gréeuous mortalitie, -it is to be feared, least in another world it came to them, as the verie words of their -praiers imported.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A notable example of a faithful prisoner.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time, Iohn Schakell esquier was set at libertie, the king compounded -with him for his prisoner, giuing fiue hundred marks in redie monie, and lands to the -value of a hundred marks by yeare. When he should bring foorth his prisoner, and deliuer -him to the king, this is to be noted, as a thing verie strange and woonderfull. For -when he should appeare, it was knowne to be the verie groome that had serued him in all -the time of his trouble, and would neuer vtter himselfe what he was before that time, -hauing serued him as an hired seruant all that while in prison, and out of prison, in -danger of life, when his other maister was murthered, where, if he would haue vttered -himselfe, he might haue beene enterteined in such honorable state, as for a prisoner of -his degrée had beene requisit, so that the faithfull loue and assured constancie in this -noble gentleman was highlie commended and praised, and no lesse maruelled at of all -men.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The English nauie scattered by a terrible tempest.</p></div> - -<p>About the feast of S. Nicholas, in this third yeare of king Richards reigne, there went <span class="xxpn" id="p725">|725|</span> -to sea an armie of men, that should haue passed ouer into Britaine, to the aid of the duke -there, vnder the conduct of sir Iohn Arundell, sir Hugh Caluerlie, sir Thomas Percie, -sir William Elmham, sir Thomas Morews, sir Thomas Banester, & manie other knights -and esquires, too long to rehearse, a sufficient power vndoubtedlie to haue doone a great -enterprise: but they were no sooner on the sea, but suddenlie there arose such an hideous -tempest of wind and stormes, that they looked presentlie to be all cast awaie, they were -scattered here and there, and driuen they wist not whither. The ship wherein sir Iohn -Arundell was aboord, chanced to be cast on the coast of Ireland, and there driuen to forsake -his ship, that was readie to be broken in péeces by rage of waues, beating it there -against the rocks: he was drowned before he could win to land, in an Ile, neere to the -which they had thrust in the ship.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>To the like end came sir Thomas Banester, sir Nicholas Trumpington, and sir Thomas -Dale, impeaching each others, as they leapt foorth of the ship: also one Musard an -esquire, a most séemelie personage and a bold; and an other esquier named Denioke, -being almost out of danger, were fetched awaie by the surges of the sea, and so perished, -with manie other. Robert Rust a cunning seaman, belonging to Blacknie in Northfolke, -& maister of the ship wherein sir Iohn Arundell was imbarked, was the first that got to -land, giuing example to others how to shift for themselues. But when he saw his cheefe -capteine, the said sir Iohn Arundell got foorth to the sands, and as one thinking himselfe -past all danger, to shake his wet garments about him; the said Rust waieng the dangerous -state wherein the said sir Iohn Arundell yet stood, came downe, and raught to him his -hand, inforsing himselfe to plucke him to the shore: but whilest he tooke care for an other -mans safetie, and neglected his owne, he lost his life, and so they both perished togither; -for through a mightie billow of the raging seas, they were both ouerthrowne, and with returning -of the waues backe, drawne into the deepe, so that they could neuer recouer -foot-hold againe, but were drowned.</p> - -<p>The said Rust was much lamented, bicause he was not onelie knowne to be a skilfull -maister, but also counselled the said sir Iohn Arundell in no wise to go to sea, at what -time he would needs set forward, forsing the said Rust and the marriners to hoist vp sailes -and make awaie. They that scaped to land in that Ile, found nothing there to releeue -their miseries, but bare ground, so that diuerse starved through cold, wanting fier and -other succour: the residue that were lustie and wise withall, ran vp and downe, and -sometime wrestling, and otherwise chafing themselues, remained there in great miserie, -from the thursdaie till sundaie at noone next insuing. At what time, when the sea was -appeased and waxen calme, the Irishmen that dwelled ouer against this Ile on the maine, -came and fetched them thence, and reléeued them the best they could, being almost dead, -through trauell, hunger, and cold.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The excesse and sumptuous apparell of sir Iohn Arundell.</p> - -<p>There were drowned aboue a thousand men -in one place and other, as the additions to <i>Ad. Merimuth</i> doo testifie.</p> - -<p>Outragious wickednesse iustlie punished.</p></div> - -<p>The said sir Iohn Arundell lost not onelie his life, but all his furniture and apparell -for his bodie, which was verie sumptuous, so that it was thought to surmount the apparell -of any king. For he had two and fiftie new sutes of apparell of cloth of gold or -tissue, as was reported, all the which, togither with his horsses & geldings, amounting -to the value of ten thousand marks, was lost at the sea. And besides this, there were -lost at the same time fiue and twentie ships, with men, horsses, and other riches, which -attended him in that voiage. Yet sir Thomas Percie, and sir Hugh Caluerlie, with sir -William Elmham, and certeine others escaped, but cruellie tormented with vnmercifull -tempest: and before sir Thomas Percie could get to land, after the sea was quieted, he -was assaulted by a Spaniard, against whome he so defended himselfe, that in the end he -tooke the Spanish vessell, and brought hir, with all that he found aboord in hir, vnto -the next shore, and sold the same for an hundred pounds, and without long delaie, tooke -the sea, & passed ouer to Brest, of which fortresse he was capteine, iointlie with sir -Hugh Caluerlie, and therefore doubting least some inconuenience might chance thereto -now in both their absence, he made the more hast, not taking rest till he came thither, <span class="xxpn" id="p726">|726|</span> -notwithstanding his passed painefull trauels. Sir Hugh Caluerlie was neuer in his life -in more danger of death, than at that time: for all that were in his ship (as Froissard -writeth) were drowned, except himselfe & seauen mariners. We find, that there were -drowned in one place & other, aboue a thousand Englishmen in that most vnluckie -voiage.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Some</span> writers impute this calamitie to light on the said sir Iohn Arundell & -his companie, for the lasciuious and filthie rule which they kept before their setting -foorth, in places where they laie, till their prouision was readie; who not content with -that which they did before they tooke ship, in rauishing men wiues, maids and daughters, -they carried them aboord, that they might haue the vse of them whilest they were vpon -the sea,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">(Sæua libido furens, quid non mortalia cogis</p> -<p class="pverse">Pectora? Quídue tuo non est violabile telo?)</p> -</div></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">and -yet when the tempest rose, like cruell and vnmercifull persons they threw them into -the sea, either for that they would not be troubled with their lamentable noise and -crieng, or for that they thought so long as they had such women aboord with them -(whome they had abused so long) God would not cease the rage of the tempest. But it -should appeare that this tempest was generall, for where the Spanish and French fléets -were abroad at the same time, being assembled togither to annoie the coasts of this land, -their ships were likewise tossed and turmoiled, so as no small number of them were lost, -in so much that the damage which they susteined, was thought far to passe that which -hapned to the English nauie.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1380.</div> - -<p>Sir Iohn Deuereux made deputie of Calis.</p> - -<p>The earle of Warwike elected protector.</p></div> - -<p>In this yeare about Christmasse, sir William de Montacute earle of Salisburie, after -he had remained twelue moneths space at Calis, the kings lieutenant there was called -home, & sir Iohn Deuereux a right valiant knight, and an old man of warre, was sent -thither in his place.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Also,</span> sir Iohn Harleston was called home from Chierburg, and -sir William Windeshore a noble knight was sent thither to be capteine of that fortresse.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ After</span> the Epiphanie, was a parlement called at London, which continued till the beginning -of the kalendes of March.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Also</span> wheras the yeare before there had beene certeine -bishops, earles, barons, and iustices appointed, to haue the gouernement and rule -about the king; now at the request of the lords and commons in this parlement assembled; -the lord Thomas Beauchampe earle of Warwike was chosen to remaine continuallie -with the king, as chéefe gouernour, both of his person, and to giue answer to all -strangers that should come hither about any businesse whatsoeuer, and further to haue -the rule and order of all things, in lieu of those that were chosen thereto before: it was -perceiued that they had sought to inrich themselues, & had doone little to the aduancement -of the kings honor, or state of the common-wealth, but rather emptied the kings -cofers.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The archbishop of Canterburie made lord chancellour.</p> - -<p>The kings halfe sister married the earle of saint Paule.</p></div> - -<p>In this parlement also, the lord Richard Scrope gaue ouer the office of chancellor, and -Simon Sudburie archbishop of Canturburie tooke it vpon him.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> this parlement was -granted a tenth by the cleargie, and a fifteenth by the laitie, with condition that from -henceforth, to wit, from the kalends of March, to the feast of S. Michaell which then -should be in the yeare 1381, there should be no more parlements, but this condition was -not performed, as after appeared. In the octaues of Easter, the lord Valeran earle of -saint Paule married the kings halfe sister, the ladie Ione de Courtnie: the solemnization -of this marriage was holden at Windsore, with great triumphing.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> princesse that -was mother to the bride, was greatlie against the marriage, but the bride hir selfe had -such a liking to the earle, that the king was contented that they should match togither, -and set him free of his ransome which he should haue paid, for that he had béene -taken prisoner in the marches of Calis, and further, gaue with his sister by waie of endowment, -the towneship and manour of Biefléet.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A combat betwixt sir Iohn Anneslie and Thomas Katrington.</p></div> - -<p>On the seuenth of Iune, a combat was fought afore the kings palace at Westminster, -on the pauement there, betwixt one sir Iohn Anneslie knight, and one Thomas Katrington <span class="xxpn" id="p727">|727|</span> -esquier: the occasion of which strange and notable triall rose hereof. The knight accused -the esquier of treason, for that where the fortresse of saint Sauiour within the Ile -of Constantine in Normandie, belonging some time to sir Iohn Chandois, had béene -committed to the said Katrington, as capteine thereof, to keepe it against the enemies, -he had for monie sold and deliuered it ouer to the Frenchmen, where he was sufficientlie -prouided of men, munition and vittels, to haue defended it against them: and sith the -inheritance of that fortresse and landes belonging thereto, had apperteined to the said -Anneslie in right of his wife, as neerest cousine by affinitie vnto sir Iohn Chandois, if by -the false conueiance of the said Katrington, it had not béene made awaie, and alienated -into the enemies hands: he offered therefore to trie the quarrell by combat, against the -said Katrington, whervpon was the same Katrington apprehended, and put in prison, but -shortlie after set at libertie againe.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Triall by cōbat in what case lawfull.</p></div> - -<p>Whilest the duke of Lancaster, during the time that his father king Edward laie in his -last sickenesse, did in all things what liked him, & so at the contemplation of the lord -Latimer (as was thought) he released Katrington for the time, so that sir Iohn Anneslie -could not come to the effect of his sute in all the meane time, till now. Such as feared -to be charged with the like offenses staied the matter, till at length, by the opinion of -true and ancient knights it was defined, that for such a forren controuersie that had not -risen within the limits of the realme, but touched possession of things on the further side -the sea, it was lawfull to haue it tried by battell, if the cause were first notified to the -constable and marshall of the realme, and that the combat was accepted by the -parties. Herevpon was the day and place appointed, and all things prouided readie, -with lists railed and made so substantiallie, as if the same should haue indured for euer. -The concourse of people that came to London to sée this tried, was thought to excéed -that of the kings coronation, so desirous men were to behold a sight so strange and vnaccustomed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The order of the combat.</p> - -<p>The earle of Buckingham claimeth the horsse.</p></div> - -<p>The king, his nobles, and all the people being come togither in the morning of the -daie appointed, to the place where the lists were set vp, the knight being armed and -mounted on a faire courser seemelie trapped, entered first as appellant, staieng till his -aduersarie the defendant should come. And shortlie after was the esquier called to defend -his cause in this forme: Thomas Katrington defendant, come and appeare to saue -the action, for which sir Iohn Anneslie knight and appellant hath publikelie and by -writing appealed thée. He being thus called thrise by an herald at armes, at the third -call did come armed likewise; and riding on a courser trapped with traps imbrodered -with his armes, at his approching to the lists he alighted from his horsse, lest according -to the law of armes the constable should haue challenged the horsse if he had entered -within the lists. But his shifting nothing auailed him, for the horsse after his maister -was alighted beside him, ran vp & downe by the railes, now thrusting his head ouer, and -now both head & breast, so that the earle of Buckingham, bicause he was high constable -of England, claimed the horsse afterwards, swearing that he would haue so much -of him as had appeared ouer the railes, and so the horsse was adiudged vnto him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>But now to the matter of the combat (for this challenge of the horsse was made after, -as soone as the esquier was come within the lists) the indenture was brought foorth by -the marshall and constable, which had béene made and sealed before them, with consent -of the parties, in which were conteined the articles exhibited by the knight against the -esquier, and there the same was read before all the assemblie. The esquier (whose -conscience was thought not to be cleare, but rather guiltie, and therefore seemed full of -troublesome and grudging passions, as an offendor alreadie conuinced, thought (as full -well he might)</p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Multa miser timeo, quia feci multa proteruè)</p> -</div></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">went about to make exceptions, that his cause by some means might haue séemed the -sounder. But the duke of Lancaster hearing him so staie at the matter, sware, that <span class="xxpn" id="p728">|728|</span> -except according to the conditions of the combat, and the law of armes, he would admit -all things in the indentures comprised, that were not made without his owne consent, he -should as guiltie of the treason foorthwith be had foorth to execution. The duke with -those words woone great commendation, and auoided no small suspicion that had béene -conceiued of him as parciall in the esquiers cause. The esquier hearing this, said, that he -durst fight with the knight, not onelie in those points, but in all other in the world whatsoeuer -the same might be: for he trusted more to his strength of bodie, and fauour of his -freends, than to the cause which he had taken vpon him to defend. He was in déed a -mightie man of stature, where the knight among those that were of a meane stature was one -of the least. Freends to the esquier, in whom he had great affiance to be borne out -through their assistance, were the lords Latimer and Basset, with others.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The esquire is ouerthrowne.</p></div> - -<p>Before they entered battell, they tooke an oth, as well the knight as the esquier, that -the cause in which they were to fight, was true, and that they delt with no witchcraft, nor -art magike, whereby they might obteine the victorie of their aduersarie, nor had about them -any herbe or stone, or other kind of experiment with which magicians vse to triumph ouer -their enimies. This oth receiued of either of them, and therewith hauing made their -praiers deuoutlie, they began the battell, first with speares, after with swords, and lastlie -with daggers. They fought long, till finallie the knight had bereft the esquier of all his -weapons, and at length the esquier was manfullie ouerthrowne by the knight. But as the -knight would haue fallen vpon the esquier, through sweat that ran downe by his helmet -his sight was hindered, so that thinking to fall vpon the esquier, he fell downe sideling -himselfe, not comming néere to the esquier, who perceiuing what had happened, although -he was almost ouercome with long fighting, made to the knight, and threw himselfe vpon -him, so that manie thought the knight should haue beene ouercome: other doubted -not but that the knight would recouer his feet againe, and get the victorie of his aduersarie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The king in the meane time caused it to be proclamed that they should staie, and that -the knight should be raised vp from the ground, and so meant to take vp the matter betwixt -them. To be short, such were sent as should take vp the esquier; but comming to the -knight, he besought them, that it might please the king to permit them to lie still, for he -thanked God he was well, and mistrusted not to obteine the victorie, if the esquier might -be laid vpon him, in manner as he was earst. Finallie, when it would not be so granted, -he was contented to be raised vp, and was no sooner set on his féet, but he cheerfullie went -to the king, without anie mans helpe, where the esquier could neither stand nor go without -the helpe of two men to hold him vp, and therefore was set in his chaire to take his ease, to -see if he might recouer his strength.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The esquier fainteth.</p> - -<p>The knight is iudged the vanquisher.</p></div> - -<p>The knight at his comming before the king, besought him & his nobles, to grant him so -much, that he might be eftsoones laid on the ground as before, and the esquier to be laid -aloft vpon him: for the knight perceiued that the esquire through excessiue heat, and the -weight of his armor, did maruellouslie faint, so as his spirits were in manner taken from -him. The king and the nobles perceiuing the knight so couragiouslie to demand to trie -the battell foorth to the vttermost, offring great summes of monie, that so it might be doone, -decreed that they should be restored againe to the same plight in which they laie when -they were raised vp: but in the meane time the esquire fainting, and falling downe in a -swoone, fell out of his chaire, as one that was like to yéeld vp his last breath presentlie -among them. Those that stood about him cast wine and water vpon him, séeking -so to bring him againe, but all would not serue, till they had plucked off his armor, & -his whole apparell, which thing prooued the knight to be vanquisher, and the esquier to be -vanquished.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>After a little time the esquier began to come to himselfe, and lifting vp his eies, began -to hold vp his head, and to cast a ghostlie looke on euerie one about him: which when it -was reported to the knight, he commeth to him armed as he was (for he had put off no <span class="xxpn" id="p729">|729|</span> -péece since the beginning of the fight) and speaking to him, called him traitor, and false -periured man, asking of him if he durst trie the battell with him againe: but the esquier -hauing neither sense nor spirit whereby to make answer, proclamation was made that the -battell was ended, and euerie one might go to his lodging. The esquier immediatlie after -he was brought to his lodging, and laid in bed, began to wax raging wood, and so continuing -still out of his wits, about nine of the clocke the next day he yéelded vp the ghost.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ This</span> combat was fought (as before yée haue heard) the seuenth of Iune to the great reioising -of the common people, and discouragement of traitours.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Frenchmen spoile & burne diuerse townes in the west countrie.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 4.</h2> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i> The earle of Buckingham sent into Britaine to aid the -duke against the French king.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time or rather somewhat before, the lord Oliuer de Clisson, with a -number of ships and gallies of France and Spaine, tooke the sea, and comming on the -coast of England, landed in diuerse places of the west countrie, and also in the south parts, -and burning sundrie townes, taking such ships and vessels as they might laie hold -vpon, and so continued to indamage the English people that inhabited néere to the sea -side, all that summer following.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> the beginning of the fourth yeare of this king, -Thomas of Woodstoke earle of Buckingham, vncle to the king, with an armie of seauen or -eight thousand men of armes and archers, was sent ouer to Calis, that he might inuade -France, and passe through the same to come into Britaine vnto the aid of the duke there.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ You</span> haue heard how the French king had seized into his hands the more part of the -duchie of Britaine, bicause that the duke had ioined himselfe in league with the king of -England: but yet there were diuerse of the good townes, and also manie of the barons and -nobles of the countrie which kept themselues as neuters a long season; but at length, -longing to see the returne of their naturall lord and duke, sent for him into England, -requiring him to repaire home, and to see to the quieting of the troubled state of his -countrie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The duke being thus earnestlie desired to returne home, by the aduise of the king of -England and his councell, granted to their request that had so instantlie required him, -both by letters and sufficient messengers: wherevpon he tooke the sea, and sailing foorth, -arriued in Britaine, hauing with him sir Robert Knolles, and a certeine number of Englishmen -both armed men and archers (as before yee haue heard.) The king also promised -to send him a new supplie verie shortlie, which was not forgotten. But fortune was so -contrarie, that sir Iohn Arundell generall of those that were sent, and manie of his companie, -were drowned by force of tempest, and the other driuen backe againe into England -(as before ye haue heard.) In the meane time, though the duke of Britaine with aid of -his subiects, did manfullie defend his townes and countrie against the Frenchmen, yet he -was in doubt to be oppressed by the great puissance of the Frenchmen, if aid came not the -sooner. Which being signified ouer into England, mooued the king and his councell to -appoint the earle of Buckingham to take vpon him this voiage. He landed at Calis three -daies before the feast of Marie Magdalene.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Knights made by the earle of Buckingham at his entrie into France.</p></div> - -<p>There went ouer with him in that armie, the earls of Stafford and Deuonshire, the lord -Spenser constable of the host, the lord Fitz Walter marshall, the lord Basset, the lord -Bourchier, the lord Ferrers, the lord Morlie, the lord Darcie, sir William Windsore, sir -Hugh Caluerlie, sir Hugh Hastings, sir Hugh de la Sente, sir Thomas Percie, sir Thomas -Triuet, sir Hugh Tirell, sir William Farrington, sir Iohn and sir Nicholas Daubriticourt, -Thomas Camois, Rafe Neuill sonne to the lord Neuill, sir Henrie bastard Ferrers, sir -Hugh Broe, sir Geffrie Wourslie, sir William Clinton, sir Iuon Fitz Warren, and diuerse -other. After they had rested them at Calis two daies, they remooued the third day out of -the towne, and came to Marqueignes, where they remained thrée daies, till all their companie, -cariages, and prouisions were come to them out of Calis: from thence they remooued -and came before Arde, where the earle of Buckingham made knights these that -follow: the earle of Deuonshire, the lord Morlie, the son of the lord Fitz Walter, sir Roger -Strange, sir Iohn Ipre, sir Iohn Colle, sir Iames Tirell, sir Thomas Ramston, sir Iohn -Neuill, and sir Thomas Ros or Roslie, as some copies haue. These persons were made <span class="xxpn" id="p730">|730|</span> -knights, bicause they went in the vaward, which was sent to win a strong house called -Follant, which the owner had fortified against them. But though he defended himselfe -manfullie for a time, yet in the end both he and all his companie were taken prisoners.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Knights againe made.</p> - -<p>The iournie of the English armie through France.</p></div> - -<p>After this the duke passed by saint Omers, shewing himselfe (about a mile off) with his -host in order of battell aloft vpon a mounteine. Some of the Englishmen rode to the -barriers, requiring that some of them within would come foorth and breake staues with -them, but they could not be answered. The same day that the Englishmen thus came -before S. Omers, the earle of Buckingham made againe new knights, as sir Rafe Neuill, sir -Bartholomew Bourchier, sir Thomas Camois, sir Foulke Corbet, sir Thomas Danglure, sir -Rafe Petipas, sir Lewes saint Albine, and sir Iohn Paulie or rather Paulet. These -Englishmen rode through the countrie, demanding iusts and déeds of armes, but they could -not be answered. In déed the townes of the frontiers were well replenished and -stuffed with men of war, and still were the Englishmen coasted, but they kept themselues -so close togither, without breaking their order, that their enimies could find them at none -aduantage.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>They passed by Tirwine and by Betwine, where they lodged one day. They made but -easie iournies, and seemed to require nothing but battell. They passed by Arras, by -Miramont, and so to Clerie on the water of Some, and taried there thrée daies, and in -other places about in that countrie. The fourth day they dislodged, and drew towards -Cambraie, and so to S. Quintines, & after vp towards Reimes. They found little riches, -and small store of vittels abroad in the countrie, for the French king had abandoned all to -his men of warre, who either wasted or conueied all things of any value into the fortresses -and walled townes. The Englishmen therefore sent to them of Reimes, requiring to haue -some vittels sent to the host, for the which they would spare the countrie from wasting: -but they of Reimes would not consent herevnto. Whervpon the Englishmen began to -light them such candels, as their eies within the citie aked to behold the same a far off.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The citizens of Reimes saue their corne fields from -destroieng by sending vittels to the English host.</p> - -<p>Sir Thomas Triuet created a baronet.</p> - -<p>Knights created.</p> - -<p>Verne or Vernon.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, the Englishmen approched so néere to the walles and diches of the citie, -that they brought awaie twentie thousand head of cattell, which the citizens had gotten -within the compasse of their diches; and further sent to them within, that if they would -not sent bread and wine foorth to vittell the host, in that behalfe they would burne all -their corne: for doubt whereof, the citizens sent foorth to the host six charets laden with -as much bread and wine as they might carie. Thus was their corne saued from destruction, -and the Englishmen by soft and easie iournies drew towards the citie of Trois, in the -which was the duke of Burgognie, with the dukes of Burbon and Bar, the earle of Ewe, -the lord Coucie, sir Iohn de Vien high admerall of France, and a great number of others -of the French nobilitie. They had made a bastide without the towne able to receiue a -thousand men of armes, but vpon the Englishmens approch to assault it, they did forsake -that strength, and withdrew to the towne. Sir Thomas Triuet was here made a baronet. -Also there were certeine new knights made, as sir Peter Berton, sir Iohn and sir Thomas -Paulie or Paulet, sir Iohn Stiugulie, sir Thomas Dortingues, sir Iohn Vassecoque, sir -Thomas Brasie, sir Iohn Brauin, sir Henrie Vernier, sir Iohn Coleuile, sir William Euerat, -sir Nicholas Stiugulie, and sir Hugh Lunit.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The policie of the French king.</p></div> - -<p>The English host perceiuing the Frenchmen to withdrawe into the towne, drew togither, -and stood in order of battell for the space of two houres, and then returned to their lodgings. -The next day they remooued to Maillerois le vicount neere vnto Sens, and there -they remained two daies, and after drew into Gastinois, and so into Beause. They were -coasted all the waie by a great power of men of war, as many or more in number as they -were themselues. But the French king being a politike prince, wiselie considered what -losses the realme of France had susteined afore time, by giuing battell to the Englishmen, -and therefore was fullie resolued, that in no wise he would giue licence to his people to -fight with the earle of Buckingham; but thought better (as he had learned by good <span class="xxpn" id="p731">|731|</span> -experience) to keepe his townes close against his enimies, and so in the end to wearie -them, than by giuing battell to put things in hazard, whereas he knew they could not -take from him his countries by this kind of warre, though they sore indamaged the same -for a time.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>In Angl. prælijs sub Edwardo 3</i>.</p></div> - -<p>There chanced manie small skirmishes amongst those that rode foorth to discouer the -countrie, but no notable incounter at all. For the Englishmen in those daies were cats -not to be catched without mittens (as Iacob Meir in one place saith) & againe the French -men were as warie how they aduentured to come néere them, peraduenture for feare, -as in the reigne of king Edward the 3, as C. O. noteth, saieng,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Contra aciem magnam tremebundo corde Valesus</p> -<p class="pverse">In campum adiunctum & vicina coëgerat arua,</p> -<p class="pverse">Non tamen Angligenas aduersum est ausus aperto</p> -<p class="pverse">Tendere Marte feris confligere fortiter armis.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The death of Charles the 5 French king.</p></div> - -<p>Onelie they sought how to inclose them vp in the countrie, and to famish them, that -they might then fight with them at some great aduantage; but still the English host passed -forward, holding on their voiage towards Britaine by Vandosme, Pont Volaine, and so -ouer the riuer of Sartre. In this meane while the French king Charles the fift was taken -with a sore sicknesse, whereof he departed this life the same daie that the English armie -passed ouer the riuer of Sartre, which was on the six and twentith of September, his -brethren the dukes of Aniou, Berrie, Burbon, and Burgognie were at Paris with him at -the houre of his death, where as a little before they had béene abroad in the countrie -with their powers, to defend the cities and townes of importance against the Englishmen, -and meant indeed (if they could haue espied their aduantage, and gotten licence thereto -of the king) to haue giuen their enimies battell. But now they were otherwise occupied: -howbeit they had left their men abroad in the countrie to coast the Englishmen as -they had doone before. All the French power was assembled in the citie of Mans, vnder -the leading of the duke of Bar, the lord Coucie, and -others.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i></p> - -<p>The French and Spanish gallies chased from the coast of England -to Kingsale in Ireland and there vanquished.</p></div> - -<p>In this meane while that the earle of Buckingham was passing through the realme of -France, the French and Spanish gallies did much mischéefe on the coast of England: but -about the latter end of Iune, by a fléet of Englishmen of the west countries part of them -were forced to retire, and take harbour in an hauen in Ireland called Kingsale, where -being assailed of the Englishmen and Irishmen, they were vanquished; so that to the -number of foure hundred of them were slaine, and their chéefe capteins taken, as Gonsalue -de Verse, and his brother Iohn Martin de Motrigo, Turgo lord of Morants; also -lord of Reith, Péers Martin of Vermew, Iohn Modit of Vermew, the seneshall of -Wargarie, the seneshall of S. Andrew, Cornelis of S. Sebastiano, Paschale de Biskey, Iohn -Martinis, Sopogorge of S. Sebastiano, and diuerse other.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Diuerse townes on the English costs destroied and burnt.</p> - -<p>The abbat of Battell in rescuing Winchelsie is put to flight.</p> - -<p>Grauesend burnt.</p></div> - -<p>There were taken foure of their barges with a ballenger, and one and twentie English -vessels recouered, which they had robbed and taken awaie from their owners. There -scaped yet foure of their notable capteins frō the hands of our men, Martin Grantz, Iohn -Peris Mantago, Iohn Husce Gitario, and one Garcias of S. Sebastiano, so that the malice -of those robbers ceased not. For they with the French gallies, still lieng on the seas, -when they espied anie aduantage, would land their people, and doo what mischeefe they -could, in taking preies, and burning townes and villages, although now and then they -came short to their vessels againe, losing sometimes an hundred, sometimes fourescore -that were ouertaken by the Englishmen that came foorth against them. But among other -inuasions which they made this summer on the coasts, we find that they burnt the towne -of Winchelsie, & put the abbat of Battell to flight with his people, comming to succor -that towne and tooke one of his moonks that was there in armor with the abbat.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Some</span> -write also, that they burnt Rie, Hastings, and Portsmouth. Finallie, their boldnesse so -farre increased, that in August they entring with their gallies into the riuer of Thames, -came vp to Grauesend, where they burnt the most part of the towne, and on the other <span class="xxpn" id="p732">|732|</span> -side of the riuer, as well in Essex as Kent, they burnt and spoiled diuerse places, and -with their prisoners and booties returned without receiuing anie hurt, bringing with them -to France, both rich spoiles and good prisoners.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The English host entreth into Britaine.</p> - -<p>Naunts besieged by the Englishmen.</p></div> - -<p>But to returne to the earle of Buckingham where we left. The English armie drew -still towards Britaine, but with so small doubt of their aduersaries, that they laie three -or foure daies sometimes still in one place. At their approching to the marches of Britaine, -they came to Vitrie, a towne situate at the first entring into that countrie, and from -thence went to Chateau Briant, and there rested, whither came to them certeine knights -sent from the duke of Britaine, which signified to the erle of Buckingham what the dukes -meaning was. Indéed by the death of the French king, the dukes malice was greatlie -abated towards the Frenchmen, so that he had not much passed if the Englishmen had -béene at home againe. Moreouer, his townes were not determined to receiue the Englishmen, -as enimies to the crown of France: so that he was in a perplexitie how to order -his businesse. At length, to shew himselfe a stedfast fréend to the Englishmen, and one -that was no changeling, he determined by their support, to force all those to allow the -league which he had established with the Englishmen, who had denied to beare armour -against the crowne of France. And first, bicause they of Naunts were the ringleaders of -that rebellious demeanour, he appointed first to besiege their citie. They hauing knowledge -thereof, sent into France for aid.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The siege at Naunts broken vp.</p></div> - -<p>The dukes of Aniou, Berrie, Burgognie, and Burbon, brethren to the late king, and -vncle to his sonne the yoong king, hauing the gouernance of the realme vnder him, sent -six hundred speares with all spéed to strengthen them of Naunts, which defended the citie -in such wise from the puissance of the Englishmen, who enuironed the same with a strong -siege, that in the end, bicause the duke came not to them (according to his promise) -the siege was raised the morrow after New yeares daie, two moneths and foure daies after -the same was first laid. The duke of Britaine would gladlie haue come to the siege of -Naunts, in strengthening of the English host, but he could not persuade his lords to aid -him in anie such enterprise. And therefore now that the earle of Buckingham had -broken vp his siege, he caused him to be lodged in the citie of Vannes, & his men abroad -in the countrie, some here, and some there, acquiting himselfe as well towards them as -he might.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A peace betwixt the French king and the duke of Britaine.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The articles of the peace.</p></div> - -<p>But suerlie the hearts of the Britains were wonderfullie changed, and in no wise would -consent to haue anie warre with the Frenchmen, if anie reasonable peace might be concluded. -For manie that hated the father, bare good will and heartie loue towards the -sonne, whose yoong yeares and great towardnesse allured the hearts of manie to wish him -well. Hervpon was meanes made for a peace, which by the duke of Aniou his consent -(who bare the greatest rule in France in that season) a finall accord was made, betwixt -the yoong king and the duke of Britaine, so that the duke should come and doo his -homage vnto the French king, and sweare to be true and faithfull vnto him: also that he -should rid the Englishmen out of his countrie, and helpe them with ships and vessels to -transport them home into England.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Buckingham returned into England.</p></div> - -<p>The earle of Buckingham, when he vnderstood of this peace, was not a little displeased -in his mind, considering that the duke of Britaine had delt so vniustlie with him and his -nephue the king of England. But the duke still excused him by his subiects, as though -if he had not thus agreed, he should haue beene in danger to haue lost his heritage of that -countrie. Finallie, the earle after he had ships prouided for his passage, the eleuenth -of Aprill departed out of Vannes, and came to the hauen where his ships laie, and so -went aboord in like maner as other of his men did from other hauens, and shortlie after -(when the wind serued) tooke the sea, and returned into England, sore displeased with -the duke of Britaine for his great vntruth and dissimulation (as he tooke it) notwithstanding -all excuses to cloake the matter by him alledged.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Scots inuade the English borders and spoile whole countries carrieng -awaie great booties.</p></div> - -<p>Whilest the Englishmen were thus occupied in warres against the Frenchmen (as before <span class="xxpn" id="p733">|733|</span> -ye haue heard) the Scots could not rest in quiet, but in reuenge for a ship, which the -townesmen of Newcastell and Hull had taken on the sea, knowing them to be pirates, -determined to doo what mischéefe they could vnto the English borders: for the losse of -that ship grieued them, bicause it was esteemed to be verie rich, the goods that were in -it being valued at seuen thousand marks. Herevpon the Scots entring by the west borders, -inuaded & spoiled the countries of Westmerland and Cumberland, and comming -into the forrest of Inglewood, they tooke awaie with them such a number of beasts and -cattell, that they were reckoned at fourtie thousand heads of one and other. Besides -this, they cruellie slue all such as they could laie hands vpon, and burnt vp all the townes, -and houses as they passed: and not content herewith, they stale vpon the towne -of Penreth, when the faire was kept there, slaieng, taking, and chasing awaie the people, -and after gathering togither all the goods and riches there found, tooke it awaie with them, -whereof there was such plentie as might haue satisfied the couetous desire of a most greedie -armie. They returned by Carleil, but hearing that there were gotten into it a great number -of men out of the countries adioining, they durst not staie to make any attempt against -that towne, but compassed their waie to escape with their booties home into their countrie, -which they did, although they lost some of their companie as they passed by an ambushment -of certeine archers of Westmerland and Cumberland, that were laid for them -of purpose. When the earle of Northumberland would haue gone foorth to reuenge those -iniuries doone to the countrie by the Scots, he was written to from the king and his councell, -to forbeare till the daie of truce, at what time it might be knowen what was further -to be doone in the matter.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>An armie lingering in the north parts greatlie impouerisheth the countrie.</p> - -<p>Additions to <i>Adam Merimuth</i>.</p></div> - -<p>About Michaelmasse the duke of Lancaster, the earles of Warwike, and Stafford, with -other lords and men of honor, hauing with them a great power of souldiers and men of -warre, went into the north parts, and comming to the borders, they laie there till they -had consumed no small summes of monie, and indamaged the countrie as much as if the -Scotish armie had inuaded the same. The good they did, was, that after long treatie with -the Scotish commissioners, a truce was agreed vpon till Easter following, which being -concluded, they returned home without any more adoo. For the space of halfe a score -yeares togither now last past, the Englishmen euerie yeare had one or two such treaties -with the Scots about the incursions and rodes which they yearelie made into the English -borders, sore indamaging the inhabitants of those north parts of the realme, notwithstanding -any truce or abstinence of warre that might be concluded.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Treason in letters writtē by sir Rafe Ferrers to certeine French lords.</p></div> - -<p>Whilest the armie (as ye haue heard) laie idle in the north parts, there were certeine -letters found by a poore man about London, who deliuered them vnto the worthie citizen -Iohn Philpot, who calling vnto him certeine other worshipfull citizens, opened one of -them, in which was conteined matter of high treason: and perceiuing by the seale that -it belonged vnto sir Rafe Ferrers knight, one of the kings priuie councell, deliuered that -letter with foure other letters closed with the same seale, first to the lord chancellor, -and after to the king, the which being read and the seale knowne to be the said sir Rafe -Ferrers his seale, manie greatlie maruelled that so ancient a knight, and one in whom so -great trust was put, should go about any such treasons.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>One of the letters was directed to sir Bertram de Cleaquin, an other to the lord de la -Riuer the chamberlaine of France, an other to the lord Clisson, and an other to the patrone -of the gallies, and to the capteine of the armie of Frenchmen and Spaniards, which -at the same time wafting alongst the coasts, did much hurt in diuerse places of the land. -Foorthwith the said Philpot and others were sent in post from the king to the duke of -Lancaster, that for somuch as the said sir Rafe Ferrers was then in the north parts with -him, intreating with the Scots, he should arrest him and put him in safe kéeping, which -commandement the duke did accomplish, and committed him to be safelie kept in the -castell of Duresme, but shortlie after in the next parlement he was set at libertie, foure <span class="xxpn" id="p734">|734|</span> -barons being bound for his foorth comming, till true that he might more euidentlie declare -his innocencie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A parlement at Northampton.</p> - -<p>Iohn Kirkbie executed for murthering a merchant stranger.</p></div> - -<p>About the feast of S. Martine, was a parlement holden at Northampton to the more -trouble of them that came to it, bicause in that season of the yeare they were constreined -to come where there was no store of fewell to make them fiers: and beside that, lodgings -were verie streict for so great a multitude. But the cause that mooued the councell to -appoint this parlement there, was to the end that they might the more fréelie procéed to -the triall of Iohn Kirkbie a citizen of London, that had murthered the Genowais (as -before ye haue hard) which Kirkbie was condemned at this parlement, and drawne and -hanged in the sight of the Londoners that were come thither, which execution if it -should haue beene doone at London, the lords doubted least some tumult might haue -béene raised by the citizens, who were reckoned in those daies verie rash and presumptuous -in their dooings.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A gréeuous subsidie.</p> - -<p>Twelue pēce as some haue.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1381.</div> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>But now to the effect of this parlement. There was a new and strange subsidie or -taske granted to be leuied for the kings vse, and towards the charges of this armie that -went ouer into France with the earle of Buckingham; to wit, of euerie préest secular -or regular six shillings eight pence, and as much of euerie nunne, and of euerie man -& woman married or not married being 16 yeares of age (beggers certenlie knowne -onlie excepted) foure pence for euerie one. Great grudging & manie a bitter cursse -followed about the leuieng of this monie, & much mischéefe rose thereof, as after it appeared.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> this fourth yeare of king Richards reigne, immediatlie after Christmasse, -Thomas Brantingham bishop of Exeter and lord treasuror, was discharged of his office of -treasurorship, and sir Robert Hales lord of S. Iohns was aduanced in his place, a right -noble and manlie knight, but not beloued of the commons.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Wicliffes opinion.</p> - -<p>The cardinall of Praxed.</p> - -<p>Triennals.</p> - -<p>All for monie.</p></div> - -<p>About this time did Iohn Wicliffe chieflie set foorth his opinion touching the sacrament -of the altar, denieng the doctrine of transubstantiation, and that it ought not in -any wise to be worshipped in such sort as the church of Rome then did teach.  <span class="nowrap">¶ There</span> -were ambassadors sent into Germanie, to treat with the emperour for a marriage to be -had, betwixt the king of England, and the emperours sister. About the beginning of -March they returned, bringing with them the cardinall, intituled of saint Praxed, and -the duke of Tarsilia, and other nobles that came from the emperor, to treat with the -king & his councell about the same marriage. This cardinall, whether he passed the -bounds of his commission and authoritie to him granted by the pope (as some write) or -whether he was furnished with such faculties, he was very liberall in bestowing of them -abrode on all such as would come with monie. Indulgences, which the pope had vsed -onelie to reserue for himselfe to bestow, this man granted the same liberallie, both biennals -and triennals. He gaue also letters confessionall, to all those that would -paie for them, admitting aswell beneficed men as other, to be the popes chapleins. -He made notaries for monie, and denied not altars portatiue to anie that would pay -for them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>He receiued fortie pounds, besides other gifts, of the moonks of the Cisteaux order, to -grant to them a generall licence to eat flesh indifferentlie, as well abroad, as they had -béene accustomed to doo at home within their monasteries. To those that were excommunicate -he gaue absolution: those that had vowed to go in pilgrimage to Rome, to the -holie land, or to saint Iames, he would not first release them, till he had receiued so much -monie, according to the true valuation, as they should haue spent in their iornies: and to -be bréefe, nothing could be asked, but for monie he was readie to grant it. And when he -was requested to shew by what power he did all these things, with great indignation he -answered, that he would let them vnderstand at Rome, if they would needs know the -authoritie which he had. At length his males were so filled with siluer, that his seruants -disdained to make them anie answer, except they brought gold, saieng; “Bring vs gold, <span class="xxpn" id="p735">|735|</span> -for we are full of your siluer.” But at his departure he tooke all awaie with him, both gold -and siluer in such abundance as was maruellous. This hath beene the practise of the -Romanists from time to time, wherevpon grew this common byword (taxing the polling -and shauing shifts of that execrable see, gaping gulfe, and insatiable sea)<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Curia Romana non quærit ouem sine lana.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>An armie sent into Portingale to aid the king there against the K. -of Castile.</p></div> - -<p>But now to returne to other matters concerning the state of the realme. After the returne -of the earle of Buckingham, it was ordeined by aduise of the councell, that the duke -of Lancaster should eftsoones go as ambassador from king Richard into Scotland, to see if -he might renew the truce (which shortlie would haue beene expired) for three yéeres longer. -Also whereas there was variance and open war mainteined, betwixt Iohn king of Castile, -and king Iohn of Portingale, the earle of Cambridge, the lord William de Beauchampe, -the lord Botreux, and sir Matthew Gournie, were sent into Portingale with fiue hundred -armed men, and fiue hundred archers to aid the king of Portingale against the king of -Castile, who was sonne to the bastard Henrie: for the duke of Lancaster reioised greatlie, -that he might haue such a fréend as the king of Portingale, to ioine with him in aid against -the king of Castile; meaning (as soone as opportunity would serue) to go ouer with an -armie to chalenge his right, and pursue his claime to the crowne of Castile and Leon, -against the vsurper, in right of his wife quéene Constance, eldest daughter to the late lawfull -king Peter, whom Henrie the bastard as before (yée haue heard) did still persecute, -till he had bereft from him both his life and kingdome.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The cōmons by reason of the great subsidie and other oppressions rise in -diuerse parts of the realme.</p> - -<p>Villaines.</p></div> - -<p>It was meant therefore that if the duke of Lancaster could compasse his purpose, for the -which he went at that time into Scotland, to the honour of the king and realme, then -should he shortlie after follow his brother of Cambridge with a great power, to trie what -chance God would send to him, against his aduersarie the king of Castile.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> the -meane time other incidents fell within the realme in the fourth yeare of king Richard, sore -to the disquieting of the same, and vtter disappointing for that time of the duke of Lancasters -intent. The commons of the realme sore repining, not onelie for the pole grotes -that were demanded of them, by reason of the grant made in parlement (as yée haue -heard) but also (as some write) for that they were sore oppressed (as they tooke the matter) -by their land-lords, that demanded of them their ancient customes and seruices, set -on by some diuelish instinct & persuasion of their owne beastlie intentions, as men not -content with the state wherevnto they were called, rose in diuerse parts of this realme, and -assembled togither in companies, purposing to inforce the prince to make them frée and -to release them of all seruitude, whereby they stood as bondmen to their lords and superiours.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The beginning of the rebellion at Derford in Kent.</p></div> - -<p>Where this rebellion of the commons first began, diuerse haue written diuerslie. One -author writeth, that (as he learned by one that was not farre from the place at that time) -the first beginning should be at Dertford in Kent: for when those pole shillings, or rather -(as other haue) pole grotes, were to be collected, no small murmuring, curssing, and repining -among the common people rose about the same, and the more indeed, through -the lewd demenour of some vndiscréet officers, that were assigned to the gathering thereof, -insomuch that one of those officers being appointed to gather vp that monie in Dertford -aforesaid, came to the house of one Iohn Tiler, that had both seruants in his house, and a -faire yong maid to his daughter. The officer there fore demanding monie for the said Tiler -and for his wife, his seruants, and daughter, the wife being at home, and hir husband -abroad at worke in the towne, made answer that hir daughter was not of age, and therefore -she denied to paie for hir.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Now here is to be noted, that this monie was in common speech said to be due for all -those that were vndergrowne, bicause that yoong persons as well of the man as of the -womankind, comming to the age of fouretéene or fifteene yeares, haue commonlie haire -growing foorth about those priuie parts, which for honesties sake nature hath taught vs to -couer and keepe secret. The officer therefore not satisfied with the mothers excuse, said <span class="xxpn" id="p736">|736|</span> -he would feele whether hir daughter were of lawfull age or not, and therewith began to -misuse the maid, and search further than honestie would haue permitted. The mother -streightwaies made an outcrie, so that hir husband being in the towne at worke, and hearing -of this adoo at his house, came running home with his lathing staffe in his hand, and -began to question with the officer, asking who made him so bold to keepe such a rule in -his house: the officer being somewhat presumptuous, and highminded, would foorthwith -haue flowne vpon this Tiler; but I. Tiler auoiding the officers blow, raught him such a -rap on the pate, that his braines flue out, and so presentlie he died.</p> - -<p>Great noise rose about this matter in the stréets, and the poore folks being glad, euerie -man arraied himselfe to support Iohn Tiler, & thus the commons drew togither, and went -to Maidestone, and from thence to Blackheath, where their number so increased, that they -were reckoned to be thirtie thousand. And the said Iohn Tiler tooke vpon him to be -their cheefe capteine, naming himselfe Iacke Straw.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Others</span> write, that one Thomas -Baker of Fobbings was the first that procured the people thus to assemble togither: and -that one of the kings seruants named Iohn Leg, with three of his fellowes, practised to -féele yoong maids whether they were vndergrowne (as yée haue hard the officer did at -Dertford) which dishonest and vnséemelie kind of dealing did set the people streight -in such a rage and vprore, that they cared not what they did to be reuenged of such -iniuries.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The commōs of Essex begin the commotiō as <i>Wal.</i> saith.</p> - -<p>The armor of <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> Essex rebels.</p></div> - -<p>But Thomas Walsingham affirmeth, that the first sparkes of this rebellion kindled in -Essex, where the inhabitants of two townes onelie at the first, that were the authors and -first stirrers of all this mischéefe, did send vnto euerie little towne about, that all manner -of men, as well those that were aged, as others that were in their lustiest time and youthfull -yeares, should come to them with speed, setting all excuses apart, in their best arraie -and furniture for warre, threatning to such as came not, that their goods should be spoiled, -their houses burnt or cast downe, and they to lose their heads when they were taken. -The terror of this threatning caused the ignorant people to flocke to them by heaps, leauing -all their businesse, letting plough and cart stand, forsaking wife, children, and houses, -so that in a short time there were fiue thousand gotten togither of those commons and -husbandmen, of which number manie were weaponed onelie with staues, some with rustie -swords and billes, and other with smokie bowes, more ruddie than old yuorie, not hauing -past two or thrée arrowes, and the same happilie with one feather a peece.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Among a thousand of those kind of persons, yée should not haue séene one well armed: -and yet by reason of their multitude, when they were once got togither, they thought the -whole relme had not beene able to resist them; and supposed that they could with facilitie -(in respect of the aduerse part) make the states of the land stoope to them, and by their -permission to reteine or compulsion to resigne their roomes of dignitie. But the fond -conceited rowt considered not the euent of this insurrection, that the woorst would be -their owne; for the old saieng is true, namelie,</p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Læditur a stimulo quicunq; fricatur abillo.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The oth ministred by the rebels to all passengers.</p></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">Moreouer, -to make their part the stronger, these Essexmen sent ouer into Kent, aduertising -the people there of their enterprise, and therefore willed them to make them readie -to ioine with them for their obteining of libertie, and reforming of the euill customs of the -realme. Whether the Kentishmen through persuasions of their neighbors of Essex, by -occasion of that which had chanced at Dertford (as before yée haue heard) or (as it may -be) the same chancing at that selfe time, they being mooued as well by the one as the -other, vp they got (as yée haue heard) and gathering their power out of the next quarters -adioining by the like policie which had béene practised by the Essexmen, they stirred vp -the most part of the countrie to ioine with them, and foorthwith stopping the waie that -led to Canturburie, and arresting all such as passed by the same, they caused them to -swere that they should be true to king Richard, and to the commons, & neuer to receiue -anie king that should be called Iohn. And this was for the enuie which they bare to Iohn <span class="xxpn" id="p737">|737|</span> -of Gant the duke of Lancaster, who in right of his wife Constance, that was daughter to -king Peter of Castile, did name himselfe king -of Castile.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The commons of other shires hearing of the stur in Kent & -Essex, rise in like maner.</p> - -<p>Lawiers, iustices & iurors brought to blockam feast by the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>Also they caused them to sweare that they should be readie to come to them whensoeuer -they sent for them, and induce all their neighbours to take part with them. And further, -that they should neuer yéeld to anie tax to be leuied on the realme, except a fiftéenth -onelie. Thus it came to passe, that after it was spred abroad what stur these Essex and -Kentishmen kept; the commons also in the counties of Sussex, Hertford, Cambridge, -Suffolke, and Norffolke, and other shires about, bustled vp and ran togither on heapes, so -that the number of those vnrulie people maruellouslie increased, in such wise as now they -feared no resistance, and therefore began to shew proofe of those things which they had -before conceiued in their minds, beheading all such men of law, iustices, and iurors, as -they might catch, and laie hands vpon, without respect of pitie, or remorse of conscience, -alledging that the land could neuer enioy hir natiue and true libertie, till all those sorts of -people were dispatched out of the waie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The next way to extinguish right.</p> - -<p>An huge number of <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> rebels. <i>Fabian.</i> Capteins of the Essex and Kentish rebels.</p> - -<p>The rebels send to the K. to come speak with them.</p></div> - -<p>This talke liked well the eares of the common vplandish people, and by the lesse conueieng -the more, they purposed to burne and destroie all records, euidences, court-rolles, -and other minuments, that the remembrance of ancient matters being remooued out of -mind, their landlords might not haue whereby to chalenge anie right at their hands. -Their number still increased: for all such as were in debt or danger of law for their misdemeanors -and offenses, came out of all coasts vnto them, so that when the Essexmen, -and other of the hither side the Thames, were passed ouer and ioined with the Kentishmen, -& those that were assembled on that side the riuer vpon Blackeheath; they were -estéemed to be an hundred thousand, hauing diuerse capteins besides the said Iacke -Straw, as William Wraw, Wat Tiler, Iacke Shéepheard, Tom Milner, and Hob Carter. -Whilest they were lodged on Blackheath, the king sent to them certeine knights, to vnderstand -of them the cause of their gathering thus togither, to whom answer was made, that -they were come togither to speake with the king about certeine causes and businesse, & -therefore they bad the messengers returne, and declare to the king that there was no remedie -but he must needs come and speake with them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Ill counsell.</p></div> - -<p>When this tale was told to the king, there were some that thought it best that he should -go to them, and know what their meaning was: but Simon de Sudburie the archbishop of -Canturburie, that was lord chancellor, and also sir Robert Hales lord of S. Iohns, and -as then lord treasuror, spake earnestlie against that aduise, and would not by anie meanes -that the king should go to such a sort of barelegged ribalds; but rather they wished that -he should take some order to abate the pride of such vile rascals. After the commons -vnderstood that the king would not come to them, by reason of the contrarie aduise giuen -to him by those two persons, the lord chancellor and the lord treasuror, they were maruellouslie -mooued against them, and sware that they would not rest till they had got them, & -chopped off their heads, calling them traitors to the king and realme.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p>The rebels spoile Southwarke, and set all prisoners at large.</p></div> - -<p>Neuerthelesse there be that write, that the king (to cut off the branches of such mischeefe -now in the first budding thereof) to satisfie in part the desire of those rude people, -went downe the riuer in his barge to Rethereth, and there néere the shore keeping himselfe -still on the water, talked with a great number of them that came downe to the riuer side. -But forsomuch as he would not come foorth of his barge to them on land, which they -seemed most to desire, they were in a great rage, and so for that they could not haue him -amongst them (as they wished) in furious wise they ran to the citie, and at the first approach -they spoiled the burrough of Southwarke, brake vp the prisons of the Marshalsea, -& the Kings bench, set the prisoners at libertie, & admitted them into their companie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The commons of London aiders of the rebels.</p> - -<p>All rebels pretend reformation but indéed purpose -destruction both of king and countrie.</p></div> - -<p>This was on Corpus Christi daie, as the same authors write, that the king should thus -talke with them: but their first entring into Southwarke, was on Corpus Christi euen, as -Thomas Walsingham saith, passing at their pleasure to and fro the bridge all that night: -for although the lord maior, and other of the best citizens would gladlie haue closed the <span class="xxpn" id="p738">|738|</span> -gates against them, yet they durst not doo it, for feare of the commons of the citie, who -seemed to fauour the cause of the rebels so apparantlie, that they threatned to kill both -the lord maior, & all other that would take vpon them to shut the gates against the commons. -The Londoners liked better of the commons, for that they protested the cause of -their assembling togither, was not but to seeke out the traitors of the realme, and when -they had found them foorth, and punished them according to that they had deserued, they -ment to be quiet. And to giue the more credit to their saiengs, they suffered none of their -companie to rob or spoile, but caused them to paie for that they tooke.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Sauoie the duke of Lancasters house burnt by the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>On the morrow being Corpus Christi day, on the which day it is reported that the king -should talke with them at Rethereth (as before ye haue heard) after that they saw that -they could not haue him to come and talke with them on land, as they wished, and that -now they had filled their heads full with the fume of such wines as they dranke in euerie -mans cellar that was set open for them, enter who would: they fell in talke with the -Londoners of manie lewd deuises, as of the apprehending of traitors, and speciallie concerning -such misliking as they had of the duke of Lancaster, whom they hated aboue all -other persons. And herevpon agréeing in one mind, after diuerse other of their outragious -dooings, they ran the same day to the said dukes house of the Sauoie, to the which in -beautie and statelinesse of building, with all maner of princelie furniture, there was not -any other in the realme comparable, which in despite of the duke, whom they called -traitor, they set on fire, and by all waies and means indeuoured vtterlie to destroie it.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Strange dealing of the rebels.</p> - -<p>The iustice of the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>The shamefull spoile which they there made was wonderfull, and yet the zeale of iustice, -truth, and vpright dealing which they would seeme to shew, was as nice and strange -on the other part, speciallie in such kind of misgouerned people: for in that spoiling of -the dukes house, all the iewels, plate, and other rich and sumptuous furniture which they -there found in great plentie, they would not that any man should fare the better by it of a -mite, but threw all into the fire, so to be consumed; and such things as the fire could not -altogither destroie, as plate and iewels, they brake and crashed in péeces, throwing the same -into the Thames. One of them hauing thurst a faire siluer peece into his bosome, meaning -to conueie it awaie, was espied of his fellowes, who tooke him, and cast both him and -the péece into the fire; saieng they might not suffer any such thing, sith they professed -themselues to be zealous of truth and iustice, and not théeues nor robbers.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lawiers lodgings in the temple burnt by the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>There were 32 of them, that being gotten into the celler of the Sauoie, where the dukes -wines laie, dranke so much of such swéete wine as they found there, that they were not -able to come foorth, but with stones & wood that fell downe as the house burned, they were -closed in, so that out they could not get. They laie there showting & crieng seuen daies -togither, and were heard of manie, but none came to helpe them, and so finallie they -perished. Now after that these wicked people had thus destroied the duke of Lancasters -house, and done what they could deuise to his reproch; they went to the temple, and -burnt the men of lawes lodgings, with their bookes, writings, and all that they might lay -hand vpon. Also the house of saint Iohns by Smithfield they set on fire, so that it burned -for the space of seuen daies togither. On Friday a great number of them, estéemed to 20 -thousand, went to the manor of Heiburie that belonged vnto the lord of saint Iohns, and -setting fire on it, sought vtterlie to destroie the whole buildings about it.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lord chancellor and the lord treasuror drawne out of the tower -and put to death by the rebels.</p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>They were now diuided into thrée parts, one vnder the leading of Iacke Straw, tooke in -hand to ruinate that house, and an other number of them lay on mile end greene, and the -third companie kept vpon the tower hill, and would not suffer anie vittels to be conueied -into the tower, where the king at that time was lodged, and was put in such feare by those -rude people, that he suffered them to enter into the tower, where they sought so narowlie -for the lord chancelor, that finding him in the chappell, they drew him foorth togither with -the lord treasuror, and on the tower hill without reuerence of their estates and degrees, -with great noise and fell cries, they stroke off their heads. There were also beheaded at -the same time by those rude people, one of the kings seruants that was a sergeant at armes <span class="xxpn" id="p739">|739|</span> -called Iohn Leg, who had vsed himselfe somewhat extremelie in gathering vp of the pole -monie, as by one writer it appeareth. -Also to make vp the messe, they beheaded a Franciscane -Frier, whom they had taken there at the same time, for malice of the duke of Lancaster, -bicause he was verie familiar with him.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Some</span> write that this frier was confessor, -and other say that he was physician to the king; but whatsoeuer he was, the commons -chopped off his head, to beare the other companie, not sparing for anie respect that might -be alledged in any of their behalfes.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The raging rebels make a pastime to kill men.</p> - -<p>No respect of place with the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>On the same day also they beheaded manie others, as well Englishmen as Flemings, for -no cause in the world, but onelie to satisfie the crueltie of the commons, that then were in -their kingdome, for it was a sport to them, when they gat any one amongst them, that was -not sworne to them, and séemed to mislike of their dooings, or if they bare but neuer so -little hatred to him, streightwaies to plucke of his hood, with such a yelling noise as they -tooke vp amongst them, and immediatlie to come thronging into the stréets, and strike off -his head. -Neither had they any regard to sacred places; -for breaking into the church of -the Augustine friers, they drew foorth thirteene Flemings, and beheaded them in the open -streets; and out of the parish churches in the citie, they tooke foorth seuentéene, and -likewise stroke off their heads, without reuerence either of the church or feare of God.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The outragious dealing of the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>But they continuing in their mischéefous purpose, shewed their malice speciallie against -strangers, so that entring into euerie stréet, lane, and place, where they might find them, -they brake vp their houses, murthered them which they found within, and spoiled their -goods in most outragious manner. Likewise they entered into churches (as before ye -haue heard) into abbeies, monasteries, and other houses, namelie of men of law, which in -semblable sort they ransacked. They also brake vp the prisons of newgate, and of both -the counters, destroied the books, and set prisoners at libertie, and also the sanctuarie-men -of saint Martins le grand. And so likewise did they at Westminster, where they brake -open the eschequer, and destroied the ancient bookes and other records there, dooing -what they could to suppresse law, and by might to beate downe equitie and right, as it -is said,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Tunc ius calcatur violentia cum dominatur.</p> -</div></div> - -<p>They that entered the tower, vsed themselues most presumptuouslie, and no lesse vnreuerentlie -against the princesse of Wales, mother to the king: for thrusting into hir -chamber, they offered to kisse her, and swasht downe vpon hir bed, putting hir into such -feare, that she fell into a swoone, and being taken vp and recouered, was had to the water -side, and put into a barge, & conueied to the place called the quéenes wardrobe, or the -tower riall, where she remained all that day and the night following, as a woman halfe dead, -till the king came to recomfort hir. It was strange to consider, in what feare the lords, -knights & gentlemen stood of the cruell proceedings of those rude & base people. For -where there were six hundred armed men, and as manie archers in the tower at that present, -there was not one that durst gainesaie their dooings.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king offereth the rebels pardon.</p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p></div> - -<p>Finallie, when they had eased their stomachs, with the spoiling, burning, and defacing of -sundrie places, they became more quiet, and the king by the aduise of such as were then -about him, vpon good deliberation of counsell, offered to them pardon, and his peace, -with condition that they should cease from burning and ruinating of houses, from killing -and murthering of men, and depart euerie man to his home without more adoo, and there -to tarrie for the kings charters confirmatorie of the same pardon. The Essexmen were -content with this offer, as they that were desirous to see their wiues and children, being -waxen wearie of continuall trauell and paines which they were constreined to take. The -king went foorth vnto Mile end, and there declared vnto the commons that they should -haue charters made to them of his grant, to make them all free. And further that euerie -shire, towne, lordship and libertie should haue banners of his armes deliuered vnto them, -for a confirmation of his grant. Herevpon they séemed well appeased, and the king rode <span class="xxpn" id="p740">|740|</span> -to the queenes wardrobe, otherwise called the tower roiall, to visit his mother, and so did -comfort hir so well as he could, and taried with hir there all night.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The Essexmen satisfied with the kings promises, immediatlie departed homeward; howbeit -they appointed certeine of their companie to remaine still and tarie for the kings charters. -The Kentishmen also remained, and were as busie in maner the next day being -saturdaie, in all kind of mischiefous dealings, as they had béene before, to wit, in murthering -of men, ouerthrowing and burning of houses. The king therefore sent vnto them such -as declared in what sort their fellowes were gone home well satisfied, & from thencefoorth -to liue in quiet, and the same forme of peace he was contented to grant to them, if it liked -them to accept the same. Herevpon their chéefe capteine Wat Tiler, a verie craftie fellow, -and indued with much wit (if he had well applied it) said, that peace indeed he wished, -but yet so, as the conditions might be indited to his purpose.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The wicked purpose of the rebels.</p> - -<p>The rebels would haue all law abolished.</p></div> - -<p>He was determined to driue off the king and his councell (bicause he was of greater -force than they) with cauils and shifts till the next daie, that in the night following he -might the more easilie haue compassed his resolution, which was, hauing all the poorer sort -of the citie on his side, to haue spoiled the citie, and to set fire in foure corners of it, killing -first the king and the lords that were about him: but he that resisteth the proud, and -giueth his grace to the humble, would not permit the vngratious deuises of the naughtie and -lewd lozzell to take place, but suddenlie disappointed his mischeefous drift. For whereas -diuerse formes of charters had béene drawne according to the effect of the agréement with -the Essexmen, and none of them might please this lordlie rebell, -at length the king sent -to him one of his knights called sir Iohn Newton, to request him to come to him, that they -might talke of the articles which he stood vpon to haue inserted in the charter, of the -which one was to haue had a commission to put to death all lawiers, escheaters, and other -which by any office had any thing to doo with the law; for his meaning was that hauing -made all those awaie that vnderstood the lawes, all things should then be ordered according -to the will and disposition of the common people. It was reported in deed, that he -should saie with great pride the day before these things chanced, putting his hands to his -lips, that within foure daies all the lawes of England should come foorth of his mouth. -The wretches had vtterlie forgotten all law, both diuine and humane; otherwise they -would haue béene content to liue vnder law, and to doo vnto others as they would be -doone vnto, as the verie law of nature (than which there cannot be a better guide) -teacheth,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Quod tibi vis fieri mihi fac, quod non tibi, noli,</p> -<p class="pversea">Sic potes in terris viuere iure poli.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Arrogant and proud words of a villen.</p></div> - -<p>When therefore the said sir Iohn Newton called vpon him to come awaie to the king, -answered as it were with indignation: “If thou (saith he) hast so much hast to returne -to the king, thou maist depart, I will come at my pleasure.” When the knight therefore -was come from him, he followed indéed, but somwhat slowlie. And when he was come -néere to the place in Smithfield where the king then was, with certeine lords and knights, -& other companie about him, the said sir Iohn Newton was sent to him againe, to vnderstand -what he meant. And bicause the knight came to him on horssebacke, & did not -alight from his horsse, Wat Tiler was offended, & said in his furie, “that it became -him rather on foot than horssebacke to approach into his presence.” The knight not -able to abide such presumptuous demeanour in that proud and arrogant person, shaped -him this answer: “It is not amisse that I being on horssebacke, should come to thée -sitting on horssebacke.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>William Walworth maior of London a stout couragious man.</p> - -<p>The death of Wat Tiler capteine of the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>With which words Wat Tiler taking indignation, drew out his dagger, menacing to strike -the knight, calling him therewith traitor: the knight disdaining to be misvsed at the hands -of such a ribald, told him that he lied falselie, and with that plucked foorth his dagger. -Wat Tiler being among his men, shewed that he would not beare that iniurie, and foorthwith -made towards the knight to run vpon him. The king perceiuing the knight in danger, <span class="xxpn" id="p741">|741|</span> -bad him alight from his horsse, and deliuer his dagger to Wat Tiler: -but when that would -not pacifie his proud and high mind, but that he would néeds flée vpon him, the maior of -London William Walworth, and other knights and esquiers that were about the king, told -him that it should be a shame for them all, if they permitted the knight in their presence -before the eies of their prince so to be murthered: wherfore they gaue counsell to succor -him foorthwith, and to apprehend the vile naughtie ribald. The king though he was but -a child in yeares, yet taking courage to him, commanded the maior to arrest him. The -maior being a man of incomparable boldnesse, foorthwith rode to him and arrested him, -in reaching him such a blow on the head, that he sore astonied him therewith: and -streightwaies other that were about the king, as Iohn Standish an esquier, and diuers -more of the kings seruants drew their swords, and thrust him through in diuerse parts of -his bodie, so that he fell presentlie from his horsse downe to the earth, and died there in -the place.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king persuadeth the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>When the commons beheld this, they cried out, “Our capteine is traitorouslie slaine; -let vs stand togither and die with him: let vs shoot and reuenge his death manfullie:” -and so bending their bowes, made them readie to shoot. The king shewing both hardinesse -and wisdome at that instant, more than his age required, set his spurs to his horsse, -and rode to them, saieng: “What is the matter my men, what meane you? Will you shoot -at your king? Be not troubled nor offended at the death of a traitor and ribald; I will be -your king, capteine and leader, follow me into the fields, and you shall haue all things -that you can desire.” This did the king, to the end he might appease them, least they -should haue set fire on the houses there in Smithfield, and haue attempted some further -mischéefe, in reuenge of the displeasure which they tooke for the death of their chéefe -leader. They mooued with these the kings words, followed him and the knights that were -with him, into the open fields, not yet resolued whether they should set vpon the king and -slea him, or else be quiet, and returne home with the kings charter.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Vehement words of the maior of London to the citizens -crieng for aid against the rebels.</p> - -<p>An armie without a capteine.</p></div> - -<p>In the meane time, the lord maior of London was returned into the citie, with one man -onelie attending vpon him, and cried to the citizens; “Oh yée good and vertuous citizens, -come foorth out of hand, and helpe your king readie to be slaine, & helpe me your maior -standing in the same perill; or if yée will not helpe me for some faults committed by me -against you, yet forsake not your king, but helpe and succour him in this present danger.” -When the worshipfull citizens and other, that in their loiall hearts loued the king, had -heard these words, incontinentlie they put themselues in strong and sure armor, to the -number of a thousand men, and gathering themselues togither into the streets, tarried but -for some lord or knight that might conduct them to the king: and by chance there came -vnto them sir Robert Knolles, whom all of them requested that he would be their leader, -least comming out of arraie and order, they might the sooner be broken, who willinglie -led one part of them, and certeine other knights led other of them, clad in faire bright -armour vnto the kings presence. The king with the lords, knights and esquires, not a -little reioised at the comming of those armed men, and streightwaies compassed the commons -about, as they had beene a flocke of sheepe that should haue béene closed within -some fold, till it pleased the sheepheard to appoint foorth, which should be thrust into -pasture, and which taken to go to the shambels.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The rebels quite discouraged threw downe their weapons at the comming of the Londoners in aid of the king.</p></div> - -<p>There was to be seene a maruellous change of the right hand of the lord, to behold -how they throwing downe staues, bils, axes, swords, bowes and arowes, humblie began -to sue for pardon, which a little before gloried to haue the life of the king and his seruants -wholie and altogither in their hands, power, and disposition. The poore wretches -sought to hide themselues in the corne that grew in the fields, in ditches, hedges and -dennes, and wheresoeuer they might get out of the way, so to safe gard their liues. The -knights that were with the king would gladlie haue beene dooing with them, and requested -licence of him to strike off the heads of some one or two hundred of them, that -it might be a witnesse in time to come, that the force of the order of knighthood was able <span class="xxpn" id="p742">|742|</span> -to doo somewhat against the carters and ploughmen: but the king would not suffer them, -alledging that manie of them were come thither by compulsion, and not of their owne -accord, and therefore it might come to passe that those should die for it, that had nothing -offended: but he commanded that there should be proclamation made in London, that -the citizens should haue no dealings with them, nor suffer anie of them to come within -the citie that night, but to cause them to lie without doores.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abraham Fleming</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> -canon of Leicester abbeie.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> the report of this commotion chronographers doo somewhat varie, as by this present -extract out of Henrie Knighton canon of Leceister abbeie, liuing at the time of this -tumult may appeare: which Abraham Fleming hath faithfullie and trulie translated out -of the annales of the said canon written in parchment in old Latine letters, as followeth. -Vpon a saturdaie, these malcontents [to wit, Thomas Baker the first moouer but afterwards -the principall leaders, Iacke Straw, Iacke Miler, Iacke Carter, Iacke Trewman, -and their trecherous traine] met togither in Smithfield, whither also the king repaired -in the morning, who although in yeares he was but yoong, yet in wisedome and discretion -he was well growne. The ringleader of this tumultuous rowt, whose right name was -Wat Tiler, which he had now changed into Iacke Strawe, approched neere the king, in -so much that he might in a maner touch him, being the mouth of all the residue, and -hauing in his hand a drawne dagger, which he tossed from hand to hand, boy-like plaieng -with it, & watching due time therewith, if not to stab, yet suddenlie to smite the king, -if he denied their requests. Wherevpon they that were next and about the king were -greatlie affeard, least his pretended mischéefe should come to passe.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Now he craued of the king that all warrens, waters, parks and woods should be common, -so that as well poore as rich might fréelie in any place wheresoeuer practise fishing -in ponds, pooles, riuers, or any waters, and might hunt déere in forrests and parkes, and -the hare in the fields, with diuerse other requests, which he would haue granted without -contradiction or gainesaieng, and exercise without controlment. Now when the king -in the grant hereof by deliberation vsed some delaie, Iacke Straw drew neerer vnto him, -and speaking vnto him certeine thretening words, tooke hold of the horsses bridle whereon -the king rode, vpon what presumptuous enterprise I wot not. Which Iohn Walworth -a burgesse of London beholding, and fearing present death to hang ouer the kings head, -caught a weapon in his hand, and therwith thrust Iacke Straw through the throte, which -when another that was by being an esquier, name Rafe Standish did see, with his weapon -also ran him through the sides; in so much that he fell flat on his backe to the ground, -and beating with his hands to and fro a while, at last he gaue vp his vnhappie ghost.</p> - -<p>Then a great clamor and lamentable outcrie was made, and heard a great while togither, -saieng; Our guide is dead, our capteine is dead. And indéed so he was, being -dragged by the hands and féet in a vile and contemptible sort into saint Bartholomewes -church hard by. Then did manie of the vnrulie multitude withdraw themselues, and vanishing -awaie betooke them to their héeles, being about the number (as it was thought) -of ten thousand. Then the king minding to make amends and to requite receiued courtesie, -knighted the said Iohn Walworth, & Rafe Standish, with foure burgesses more of -the citie, namelie Iohn Philpot, Nicholas Brembre, Iohn Laund, and Nicholas Twifield, -girding them about the wast with the girdle of knighthood, which was the maner of their -graduating. Then the king hauing ordeined and made the foresaid six knights, commanded -that the residue of the curssed crue should depart and get them into the field, -that méeting togither in a companie, he might fall vnto a treatie of agreement with them.</p> - -<p>The rowt being there assembled, behold a multitude of armed men ran rusling out of -the citie, sir Robert Knols being their capteine, who with these his soldiers compassed -& hedged in the poore catiues distressed in the field like shéepe that haue lost their -shéepheard. Then the king of his accustomed clemencie, being pricked with pitie, would -not that the wretches should die, but spared them being a rash and foolish multitude, and -commanded them euerie man to get him home to his owne house; howbeit manie of <span class="xxpn" id="p743">|743|</span> -them, at the kings going awaie suffered the danger of death. In this miserable taking -were reckoned to the number of twentie thousand. Thus saith Knighton, not as an eie-witnesse, -but as taught by heare-saie, whereby he compiled the greatest part of his annales, -as he himselfe confesseth, seeming sorrie that he was so constreined, as by part -of the octastichon at the foot of the first page, intituled Lamentum compilatoris, appeareth -in maner and forme following:</p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Sum cæcus factus subita caligine tactus,</p> -<p class="pverse">Nec opus inceptum iam corrigo forsan ineptum,</p> -<p class="pverse">Me metuo dubium pro veris sæpe locutum,</p> -<p class="pverse">Plus audita loquor quàm mihi visa sequor, &c.</p> -</div></div> - -<p>All the foresaid villanies notwithstanding against the king and the state, tending wholie -to the subuersion of law and ciuill gouernement, albeit the wretches deserued no sparke -of fauour, but extreame seueritie of iudgement to be executed vpon them; yet (as yee -haue heard) besides the great clemencie of the king, exhibited vnto them in remitting -their offense, and acquiting them from the rigor of the law, he granted and gaue to them -the charter, which they had requested, faire written and sealed, to auoid a greater mischiefe, -& commanded it for a time to be deliuered them, knowing that Essex and Kent -were not so pacified, but that if they were not the sooner contented, and that partlie after -their minds, they would vp againe. The tenor of the charter which was gotten thus by -force of the king was as followeth.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The forme of the kings charter of Manumission.</h3> - -<blockquote> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The like there was granted to them of other -countries as well as to these of Hertfordshire in <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> -same forme, the names of the counties changed.</p></div> - -<p class="pfirst">RICHARDUS -Dei gratia rex Angliæ & Franciæ, & dominus Hiberniæ: omnibus -balliuis & fidelibus suis, ad quos præsentes litteræ peruenerint, salutem.   Sciatis quòd -de gratia nostra speciali manumisimus vniuersos ligeos & singulos subditos nostros & alios -comitatus Hertfordiæ, & ipsos & eorum quemlibet ab omni bondagio exuimus, & quietos -facimus per præsentes, ac etiam perdonamus eisdem ligeis ac subditis nostris omnimodas -felonias, proditiones, transgressiones, & extortiones, per ipsos vel aliquem eorum qualitercúnque -factas siue perpetratas, ac etiam vtlagariam & vtlagarias, si qua vel quæ in -ipsos, vel aliquem ipsorum fuerit vel fuerint hijs occasionibus promulgata vel promulgatæ, -& summam pacem nostram eis & eorum cuilibet inde concedimus.   In cuius rei -testimonium, has litteras nostras fieri fecimus patentes.   Teste meipso apud London 15 -die Iunij.   Anno regni nostri quarto.<br class="fltstop" /></p> -</blockquote></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The townesmen of saint Albons not yet quieted.</p></div> - -<p>The commons hauing obteined this charter departed home, but ceassed not from their -riotous demeanour in sundrie parts of the realme, and especiallie at saint Albons, where -after the townesmen were returned home, they kept such a coile against the abbat and -moonks, to haue certeine ancient charters deliuered them that concerned their liberties, -and to haue such new made and deliuered to them as might serue their purpose; that -bicause such old charters as they requested were not to be had, the abbat and moonks -looked euerie houre when their house should be set on fire and burnt ouer their heads. -The prior and certeine other as well moonks as laie men that were seruants to the abbat, -fled for feare of the rage of those misgouerned people, knowing that they hated them -deadlie, and therefore looked for no courtesie at their hands. They had obteined the -kings letters vnto the abbat, commanding him to deliuer vnto them such charters as they -had giuen information to be remaining in his hands, so that vnder colour therof, they -called for those writings in most importunate wise, threatning sore, if they were not brought -to light, vtterlie to destroie the house by setting it -on fire.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>But to speake of all the vnrulie parts of those vnrulie people, it were too long a processe: -yet at length after they vnderstood how their grand capteine and chéefe ringleader <span class="xxpn" id="p744">|744|</span> -Wat Tiler was slaine, they began somewhat to asswage their presumptuous attempts, the -rather for that there came a knight with the kings letter of protection in behalfe of the -abbat and his house, and yet they were not so calmed, but that they continued in requiring -to haue charters made to them by the abbat, of the like forme and effect to that -which the king had made, concerning the infranchising them from bondage, whereby -they that obteined such charters tooke themselues to be discharged of all seruices and -accustomed labors, so that they meant not to doo any further works, nor yeeld such -customes as before time they vsuallie had béene accustomed to doo and yéeld vnto their -landlords.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The hurling time.</p> - -<p>The outragious dealings of the Suffolke rebels.</p> - -<p>Sir Iohn Cauendish lord chiefe iustice beheaded.</p></div> - -<p>Neither did the townesmen of S. Albons, and the tenants of other townes and villages -thereabout, that belonged to the abbeie of S. Albons, thus outragiouslie misdemeane -themselues, but euerie where else the commons kept such like stur, so that it was rightlie -called the hurling time, there were such hurlie burlies kept in euerie place, to the great -danger of ouerthrowing the whole state of all good gouernment in this land. For euen -the selfe same saturdaie after Corpus Christi day, in Suffolke there were got togither to -the number of fiftie thousand men, by the setting on of Iohn Wraw, a naughtie lewd -priest, that had beene first among the Essexmen at London, and was sent downe in all -post hast from Wat Tiler, to stir the commons in those parts to commit the like mischéefe -as he had séene begun about London. -These fellowes therfore, after they were assembled -togither, fell to the destroieng of the manors and houses of men of law, & such lawiers as -they caught, they slue, and beheded sir Iohn Cauendish lord chiefe iustice of England, -and set his head vpon the pillorie in the market place in S. Edmundsburie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The prior of S. Edmundsburie slaine.</p> - -<p>This Edmund Brumfield was committed to prison by the K. -for his presumptuous intrusion into the abbacie of Burie.</p></div> - -<p>Also sir Iohn of Cambridge the prior of saint Edmundsburie, as he would haue fled -from them, was taken not far from Mildenhale, and likewise beheaded, his bodie being -left naked in the open field, and no man presuming to burie it, during the space of fiue -daies, for feare of the cruell commons. His head was set vpon a pole, and caried before -Iohn Wraw and other of those wicked people; the which comming to Burie, and entring -the towne in maner of a procession, when they came into the market place where the -pillorie stood, as it were in token of the old friendship betwixt the lord chiefe iustice, -and the said prior, they made sport with their heads, making them sometime as it were -to kisse, other whiles to sound in either others eare. After they had taken their pastime -inough herewith, they set both the heads againe aloft vpon the pillorie. After this, they -beheaded an other moonke called Dan Iohn de Lakinghuith, whose hed was likewise set -by the other two vpon the pillorie. Moreouer, they caused the moonks to come foorth -and bring vnto them all such obligations, in which the townesmen stood bound vnto the -monasterie for their good abearing; likewise such charters of liberties of the towne of -Burie, which king Cnute the founder of the said monasterie, and his successors had -granted to the same: which writings, when they had brought foorth, and protested that -they knew of no more, the commons would scarselie beleeue them, and therefore called -the townesmen foorth, and bad them sée if that there were all such writings as they thought -stood with their aduantage to haue brought to light. The townesmen feigned as though -they had beene sorie to see such rule kept against the moonks, where in déed they had -set the commons in hand with all these things. -To conclude, the commons tooke this -order with the moonks, that if the townesmen might not obteine their ancient liberties, -by the hauing of those writings, they should declare what the same liberties were, which -they were woont to inioy, and the abbat of Burie, Edmund Brumfield, being then in -prison at Notingham whom they purposed to deliuer (so that he should celebrat diuine -seruice in his monasterie on Midsummer daie next) within fourtie daies after his comming -home, should confirme with his seale such charter as was to be deuised and made -concerning the same liberties of the said townesmen, and the couent should likewise put -therevnto their common seale.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Moreouer, they constreined the moonks to deliuer vnto the townesmen, a crosse and <span class="xxpn" id="p745">|745|</span> -a chalice of fine gold, and other iewels that belonged to the abbeie, being in value aboue -the worth of a thousand pounds in monie, the which was to remaine in the hands of the -townsmen, vpon this condition, that if Edmund Brumfield being deliuered out of prison -inioied the dignitie of abbat there, and with all put his seale togither with the couent -seale within the time limited, vnto a writing that should conteine the liberties of the towne, -that then the same crosse, chalice, and other iewels should be restored vnto the monasterie, -or else the same to remaine for euer to the townesmen as forfeited. Such were -the dooings of those rebels in and about the towne of Burie: and the like disorders & -breach of peace followed by the commotions of the commons in Cambridgeshire, and in -the Ile of Elie, resembling the others in slaughters of men, destroieng of houses, and all -other sorts of mischéefe.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Iohn Littester capteine of <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> Norfolke rebels.</p> - -<p>The earl of Suffolke escapeth from the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>In like maner in Norffolke there was assembled an huge number of those vnrulie countrie -people, which vnder the guiding of a dier of cloth, commonlie called Iohn Littester, -that had dwelt in Norwich, attempted and did all such vngratious feats, as they had heard -that other did in other parts of the realme, yea and greater also, putting foorth their hands -vnto rapine and robberie. -And whereas they were wholie conspired togither, and bent -to commit all kind of mischéefe, yet estéeming their owne authoritie to be small, they -purposed to haue brought William Vfford earle of Suffolke into their fellowship, that if -afterwards they might happilie be impeached hereafter, for such their naughtie and most -wicked dooings, they might haue had some shadow or colour, as it were through him, -whie they had delt in such vnrulie sort. But the earle aduertised of their intention, suddenlie -rose from supper, and got him awaie by vnknowne waies, still fleeing from the -commons, till at length he got to S. Albons, and so from thence to the king.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Norfolk rebels compell the noblemen & gentlemen to be sworne to them.</p> - -<p>Sir Robert Salle slaine by one of his own villains.</p> - -<p>The capteine of the Norfolke rebels forceth the noblemen and gentlemen to -serue him at the table.</p></div> - -<p>The commons missing of their purpose for the hauing of him, laid hold vpon all such -knights and other gentlemen as came in their waie, and were found at home in their -houses, compelling them to be sworne to them, and to ride with them through the countrie, -as the lord Scales, William lord Morlie, sir Iohn Brewes, sir Stephan Hales, and sir -Robert Salle: which sir Robert continued not long aliue among them, for he could not -dissemble as the residue, but began to reprooue openlie their naughtie dooings, for the -which he had his braines dasht out by a countrie clown, one that was his bondman, and -so he ended his life, who if he might haue come to haue tried his manhood and strength -with them in plaine battell, had beene able to haue put a thousand of those villaines in -feare, his valiancie and prowesse was such. The residue taught by his example that they -must either dissemble or die for it, were glad to currie fauour, praising or dispraising all -things as they saw the commons affected, and so comming into credit with their -chéefteine -Iohn Littester, that named himselfe king of the commons, they were preferred to -serue him at the table, in taking the assaie of his meats and drinks, and dooing other -seruices, with knéeling humblie before him as he sat at meat, as sir Stephan Hales who -was appointed his caruer, and others had other offices assigned them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A warlike bishop.</p></div> - -<p>At length, when those commons began to wax wearie of taking paines in euill dooings, -they tooke counsell togither, and agreed to send two knights, to wit, the lord Morlie, and -sir Iohn Brewes, and three of the commons, in whom they put great confidence, vnto the -king; to obteine their charter of manumission and infranchising, and to haue the same -charter more large than those that were granted to other countries. They deliuered great -summes of monie vnto those whome they sent, to bestow the same for the obteining of -pardon, and such grants as they sued for, which monie they had got by force of the citizens -of Norwich, to saue the citie from fire and sacking. -These knights as they were on -their iournie, at Ichingham not farre distant from Newmarket, not looking for anie such -thing, met with sir Henrie Spenser bishop of Norwich, a man more fit for the field than -the church, & better skilled (as may appéere) in arms than in diuinitie. This bishop had -aduertisements at his manor of Burlie néere to Okam in the parties about Stamford, of the -sturre which the commons in Norffolke kept, and therevpon resolued streightwaies to <span class="xxpn" id="p746">|746|</span> -see what rule there was holden. He had in his companie at that time, not passing eight -lances, and a small number of archers.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Spenser bish. of Norwich goeth as capteine against the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>The bishop méeting thus with the knights, examined them streightwaies if there were -anie of the traitours there with them. The knights at the first were doubtfull to bewraie -their associats: but at last imboldened by the bishops words, declared that two of the -chéefe dooers in the rebellion were there present, and the third was gone to prouide for -their dinner. The bishop streightwaies commanded those two to be made shorter by the -head, and the third he himselfe went to seeke, as one of his shéepe that was lost; not to -bring him home to the fold, but to the slaughter-house, as he had well deserued (in the -bishops opinion) sith he had so mischéefouslie gone astraie, and alienated himselfe from -his dutifull allegiance. These persons being executed, and their heads pight on the end -of poles, and so set vp at Newmarket, the bishop with the knights tooke their waie with -all spéed towards Northwalsham in Norffolke, where the commons were purposed to staie -for answer from the king: -and as he passed through the countrie, his number increased, -for the knights and gentlemen of the countrie, hearing how their bishop had taken his -speare in hand, and was come into the field armed, ioined themselues with him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The fortifieng of the rebels campe.</p> - -<p>The bishop is the first man that chargeth the rebels in their campe.</p> - -<p>The Norfolke rebels vanquished.</p></div> - -<p>When therefore the bishop was come into the place where the commons were incamped, -he perceiued that they had fortified their campe verie stronglie with ditches, and such -other stuffe as they could make shift with, as doores, windowes, boords, & tables, and -behind them were all their cariages placed, so that it séemed they meant not to flie. -Herewith the bishop being chafed with the presumptuous boldnesse of such a sort of -disordered persons, commanded his trumpets to sound to the battell, and with his speare -in the rest, -he charged them with such violence, that he went ouer the ditch, and laied -so about him, that through his manfull dooings, all his companie found meanes to passe -the ditch likewise, and so therewith followed a verie sore and terrible fight, both parts -dooing their best to vanquish the other. But finallie the commons were ouercome, -and -driuen to seeke their safegard by flight, which was sore hindered by their cariages that -stood behind them, ouer the which they were forced to clime and leape so well as they -might. Iohn Littester and other cheefe capteins were taken aliue. The bishop therefore -caused the said Littester to be arreigned of high treason, and condemned, and so he was -drawne, hanged, and headed according to the iudgement.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 5.</h2></div> - -<p>The bishop heard his confession, and by vertue of his office absolued him: and to shew -some parcell of sorrowing for the mans mischance, he went with him to the galowes. But -it séemed that pitie wrought not with the bishop, to quench the zeale of iustice: for he -caused not Littester onelie to be executed, but sought for all other that were the chéefe -dooers in that rebellion, causing them to be put vnto death, and so by that meanes quieted -the countrie.  <span class="nowrap">¶ To</span> recite what was doone in euerie part of the realme in time of those -hellish troubles, it is not possible: but this is to be considered, that the rage of the commons -was vniuersallie such, as it might séeme they had generallie conspired togither, to -doo what mischeefe they could deuise. -As among sundrie other, what wickednesse was -it, to compell teachers of children in grammer schooles to sweare neuer to instruct any -in their art? Againe, could they haue a more mischeefous meaning, than to burne and -destroie all old and ancient monuments, and to murther and dispatch out of the waie all -such as were able to commit to memorie, either any new or old records? For it was -dangerous among them to be knowne for one that was lerned, and more dangerous, if any -men were found with a penner and inkhorne at his side: for such seldome or neuer -escaped from them with life.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The capteine once slaine the soldiers faint.</p> - -<p>An armie of fortie thousand horssemen.</p> - -<p>The Kentishmen eftsoones rebell.</p></div> - -<p>But to returne to saie somewhat more concerning the end of their rebellious enterprises, -you must vnderstand, how after that Wat Tiler was slaine at London in the presence of -the king (as before ye haue heard) the hope and confidence of the rebels greatlie decaied: -and yet neuerthelesse, the king and his councell being not well assured, granted to the -commons (as ye haue heard) charters of manumission and infranchisement from all <span class="xxpn" id="p747">|747|</span> -bondage, and so sent them awaie home to their countries: and foorthwith herevpon he assembled -an armie of the Londoners, and of all others in the countries abroad that bare -him good will, appointing none to come, but such as were armed and had horsses, for he -would haue no footmen with him. -Thus it came to passe, that within thrée daies he had -about him fourtie thousand horssemen, as was estéemed; -so that in England had not béene -heard of the like armie assembled togither at one time. And herewith was the king aduertised, -that the Kentishmen began eftsoones to stir, wherewith the king and the whole -armie were so grieuouslie offended, that they meant streight to haue set vpon that countrie, -and to haue wholie destroied that rebellious generation. But thorough intercession -made by the lords and gentlemen of that countrie, the king pacified his mood, and so -resolued to procéed against them by order of law and iustice, causing iudges to sit and -to make inquisition of the malefactors, and especiallie of such as were authors of the -mischéefes.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Iack Straw and his adherents executed.</p></div> - -<p>And about the same time did the maior of London sit in iudgement, as well vpon the -offendors that were citizens, as of other that were of Kent, Essex, Southsex, Norffolke, -Suffolke, and other counties, being found within the liberties of the citie; and such as -were found culpable, he caused them to lose their heads, as Iacke Straw, Iohn Kirkbie, -Alane Tredera, and Iohn Sterling, that gloried of himselfe, for that he was the man that -had slaine the archbishop. This fellow (as it is written by some authors) streight waies -after he had doone that wicked deed, fell out of his wits, and comming home into Essex -where he dwelt, tied a naked sword about his necke, that hoong downe before on his brest, -and likewise a dagger naked, that hanged downe behind on his backe, and so went vp and -downe the lanes & stréets about home, crieng out, and protesting, that with those weapons -he had dispatched the archbishop; and after he had remained a while at home, he came -to London againe, for that he shuld receiue (as he said) the reward there of the act which -he had committed: and so indéed, when he came thither, and boldlie confessed that he -was the man that had beheaded the archbishop, he lost his head in steed of a recompense: -and diuerse other both of Essex and Kent, that had laid violent hands vpon the archbishop -came to the like end at London, where they did the deed, being bewraied by their owne -confessions.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The maior and fiue aldermen knighted.</p> - -<p>The armes of London augmented by additiō of the dagger.</p></div> - -<p>Here is to be remembred, that the king, after the citie of London was deliuered from -the danger of the rebels (as before ye haue heard) in respect of the great manhood, and -assured loialtie which had appeared in the maior, and other of the aldermen, for some part -of recompense of their faithfull assistance in that dangerous season, made the said maior -William Walworth knight, with fiue other aldermen his brethren, to wit, Nicholas Bramble, -Iohn Philpot, Nicholas Twiford, Robert Laundre, and Robert Gaiton, also Iohn -Standish, that (as ye haue heard) holpe to slaie Wat Tiler. Moreouer, the king granted, -that there should be a dagger added to the armes of the citie of London, in the right -quarter of the shield, for an augmentation of the same armes, and for a remembrance of -this maior his valiant act, as dooth appeare vnto this daie; for till that time, the citie bare -onelie the crosse, without the dagger.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The cōmons of Essex rebell afresh.</p> - -<p>The rebels of Essex are scattered & slaine.</p></div> - -<p>Although the kings authoritie thus began to shew it selfe, to the terror of rebels; yet -the commons of Essex eftsoones assembled themselues togither, not far from Hatfield -Peuerell, and sent to the king to know of him if his pleasure was, that they should inioy -their promised liberties: and further, that they might be as frée as their lords, and not -to come to any court, except it were to the great léet, twise in the yeare. When the king -heard such presumptuous requests, he was in a great chafe, & dispatched the messengers -awaie, with a sore threatning answer, saieng that bondmen they were, and bondmen they -should be, and that in more vile manner than before, to the terrible example of all other -that should attempt any the like disorders: -and foorthwith, the earle of Buckingham, and -the lord Thomas Percie, brother to the earle of Northumberland, were sent with an armie -to represse those rebels, whome they found fortified within woods, hedges and ditches <span class="xxpn" id="p748">|748|</span> -verie stronglie, but with small adoo they were put to flight, & about fiue hundred of -them slaine; the residue saued themselues as well as they might, by succour of the woods. -There were eight hundred horsses also taken, which those rebels had there with them, to -draw and carrie their baggage.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Those of the rebels that escaped, were not yet so tamed by that ouerthrow, but that -assembling themselues togither in a rowt, they made towards Colchester: and comming -thither, would haue persuaded the townesmen to haue ioined with them in a new rebellion. -But when they could not bring their purpose to passe they marched towards Sudburie. -The lord Fitz Walter, and sir Iohn Harleston, vnderstanding which waie they -tooke, followed them with a companie of armed men, and suddenlie setting vpon them as -they were making their proclamations, slue of them so manie as it liked them, and the -other they saued, and suffered to depart, or else committed them to prison. After this, -the king came to Hauering at the bowre, and from thence to Chelmisford, where he appointed -sir Robert Trisilian to sit in iudgement of the offendors and rebels of that countrie, -wherevpon an inquest being chosen, a great number were indited, arreigned, & found -giltie, so that vpon some one gallowes there were nine or ten hanged togither.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Fabian.</i> The rebels executed in euerie lordship.</p> - -<p>The king calleth in his letters of infranchising granted to the bondmen.</p></div> - -<p>In euerie countrie were like inquiries made, and the chéefe offendors apprehended and -put to death in euerie lordship through the realme, where anie of them were detected, by -ten, twelue, twentie, thirtie, yea and in some places by fortie at once; so that the whole -number grew to fifteene hundred and aboue. At the first, when the kings iustices began -to sit in Essex, Kent, and at London, by reason of the multitude that were to be executed, -they onelie chopped off their heads, but afterwards when that kind of death seemed too -close and secret for so open offenses, they proceeded according to the accustomed law of -the realme, by condemning them to be drawne and hanged, and according thervnto they -were executed. -In the meane time, the king by the aduise of his councell, directed his -letters reuocatorie into euerie countie there, to be proclaimed in euerie citie, borrow, -towne, and place, as well within the liberties as without; by the which letters he reuoked, -made void and frustrate his former letters of infranchising the bondmen of his realme, and -commanded that such as had the same letters, should without delaie bring them in, and -restore them to him and his councell to be cancelled, as they would answer vpon their faith -and allegiance which they owght to him, and vpon paine of forfeiting all that they had. -The date of which letters reuocatorie was at Chelmesford, the second daie of Iulie, in the -fift yeare of his reigne.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king remooueth to S. Albons.</p></div> - -<p>When the king had quieted the countie of Essex, and punished such as were the chéefe -sturrers of that wicked commotion in those parts, he went to saint Albons, to sée iustice -doone vpon such as had demeaned themselues most presumptuouslie against the kings -peace in that towne, namelie against the abbat and his house, who sought to defend themselues -vnder a colour of fréendship, that they trusted to find in some persons about the -king. But that trust deceiued them, and procured the more displeasure against them, for -that they would not sue for fauour at the abbats hands in time, by submitting themselues -vnto his will and pleasure. To be breefe, the king came thither with a great number of -armed men and archers, and caused his iustice sir Robert Trisilian to sit in iudgement -vpon the malefactors, that were brought thither from Hertford gaile.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Iohn Ball.</p> - -<p>Iohn Ball his prophesie.</p></div> - -<p>Thither was brought also to the king from Couentrie, Iohn Ball preest, whom the citizens -of Couentrie had taken, and now here at saint Albons they presented him to the -kings presence, wherevpon he was arreigned and condemned, to be drawne, hanged, and -headed for such notable treasons as he was there conuicted of. He receiued iudgement -vpon the saturdaie the first daie that the said sir Robert Trisilian sat in iudgement, but he -was not executed till the mondaie following. This man had beene a preacher the space of -twentie yeares, and bicause his doctrine was not according to the religion then by the -bishops mainteined, he was first prohibited to preach in anie church or chappell; and when -he ceassed not for all that, but set foorth his doctrine in the streets & fields where he might <span class="xxpn" id="p749">|749|</span> -haue audience, -at length he was committed to prison, out of the which he prophesied that -he should be deliuered with the force of twentie thousand men, and euen so it came to -passe in time of the rebellion of the commons.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Iohn Ball his sermon to the rebels.</p></div> - -<p>When all the prisons were broken vp, and the prisoners set at libertie, he being therefore -so deliuered, followed them, & at Blackeheath when the greatest multitude was there -got togither (as some write) he made a sermon, taking this saieng or common prouerbe for -his theame, wherevpon to intreat,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">When Adam delu’d, and Eue span,</p> -<p class="pverse">Who was then a gentleman?</p> -</div></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">and -so continuing his sermon, went about to prooue by the words of that prouerbe, that -from the beginning, all men by nature were created alike, and that bondage or seruitude -came in by iniust oppression of naughtie men. For if God would haue had anie bondmen -from the beginning, he would haue appointed who should be bond & who free. And -therefore he exhorted them to consider, that now the time was come appointed to them -by God, in which they might (if they would) cast off the yoke of bondage, & recouer -libertie. He counselled them therefore to remember themselues, and to take good hearts -vnto them, that after the manner of a good husband that tilleth his ground, and riddeth -out thereof such euill wéeds as choke and destroie the good corne, they might destroie -first the great lords of the realme, and after the iudges and lawiers, questmoongers, and all -other whom they vndertooke to be against the commons, for so might they procure peace -and suertie to themselues in time to come, if dispatching out of the waie the great men, -there should be an equalitie in libertie, no difference in degrées of nobilitie, but a like dignitie -and equall authoritie in all things brought in among them.</p> - -<p>When he had preached and set foorth such kind of doctrine, and other the like fond -and foolish toies vnto the people, they extolled him to the starres, affirming that he ought -to be archbishop and lord chancellour, where he that then enioied that roome, meaning -sir Simon de Sudburie that then was aliue, was a traitor to the king and realme, and -worthie to lose his head, wheresoeuer he might be apprehended. Manie other things are -reported by writers of this Iohn Ball, as the letter, which vnder a kind of darke riddle he -wrote to the capteine of the Essex rebels, the copie whereof was found in one of their -pursses that was executed at London.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The tenor of the said seditious preests letter.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">IOHN -Scheepe S. Marie preest of Yorke, and now of Colchester, greeteth well Iohn -namelesse, and Iohn the Miller, and Iohn Carter, & biddeth them that they beware of -guile in Bourrough, & stand togither in Gods name, & biddeth Piers ploughman go to his -worke, and chastise well Hob the robber, & take with you Iohn Trewman and all his fellowes, -and no mo.   Iohn the Miller Y ground small, small small, the kings sonne of -heauen shall paie for all.   Beware or yee be wo, know your freend from your fo, haue -inough and saie ho, and doo well and better, flee sinne and seeke peace, and hold you -therein, and so biddeth Iohn Trewman and all his fellowes.</p></blockquote> -</div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Iohn Ball executed at S. Albons.</p></div> - -<p>This letter he confessed himselfe to haue written, as Thomas Walsingham affirmeth, -with manie other things which he had doone and committed, to the disquieting of the -realme, for the which he was drawne, hanged, and beheaded at saint Albons, the fiftéenth -of Iulie, being monday, in this fifth yeare of king Richards reigne. On the same daie, the -kings iustice sir Robert Trisilian sat vpon the rebels of saint Albons, and other of the -countrie of Hertford, afore whome, by such policie as he vsed, there were a great number -indicted, and diuerse being arreigned, were found guiltie, as William Grindecob, William -Cadindon, Iohn Barbor, and certeine others, which were hanged and drawne, to the <span class="xxpn" id="p750">|750|</span> -number of fifteene persons in all; diuerse chéefe men of the towne were committed to prison, -as Richard Wallingford, Iohn Garleeke, William Berewill, Thomas Putor and others of -the countrie about. There were committed to prison to the number of fourscore persons, -the which neuerthelesse, by the kings pardon, were released and -dismissed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king calleth in by proclamation all such letters of -manumission, as the abbat of saint Albons had granted to his bondmen.</p></div> - -<p>The hatred which the townesmen had conceiued against the abbat and conuent of S. -Albons, was suerlie great, and manie deuises they had to haue saued those that were -executed. And where as well the townesmen, as other of the abbats and conuents tenants, -both of Hertfordshire, and Buckinghamshire, had gotten of the abbat and conuent letters -of discharge, from dooing anie bound seruice, the king directed his letters vnto certeine -commissioners, as to Iohn Ludowicke, Iohn Westwicombe, Iohn Kenting, Richard Perers, -Walter Saunford, Richard Gifford, Thomas Eidon, and William Eccleshall, commanding -them to cause proclamation to be made in all such townes and places as were thought -necessarie, through the whole countries of Buckingham and Hertford, that all and euerie -person and persons that ought and had beene accustomed to doo or yeeld anie manner of -seruices, customes, or duties, whether they were bondmen or free, vnto the said abbat -and couent of S. Albons, should doo and yéeld the same seruices, customes, and duties, -in such like forme & manner, as they had beene vsed to doo, before the time of the late -troubles, & not to chalenge or claime any libertie or priuilege which they inioied not before -the same troubles, vpon their faith & allegiance in which they stood bound to him, and -vpon paine to forfeit all that they might forfeit: and in case anie were found to doo contrarie -thervnto, the same commissioners had authoritie, and were commanded to arrest -and imprison them, till for their further punishment, order might be taken and agreed vpon -in that behalfe accordinglie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The commōs of Hertfordshire sworne to the king.</p></div> - -<p>On saint Margarets daie, the king being readie to take his iournie to Berkhamstéed, in -the great court of the abbeie of S. Albons had all the commons of the countie of Hertford -before him, that had summons there to appeare, all that were betwixt fiftéene and thréescore -yéeres of age, where they tooke an oth togither from thencefoorth, to be faithfull -subiects vnto him, and neuer to rise or make anie commotion, to the disturbance of his -peace; and rather to die, than to consent vnto anie rebellious persons, whome they should -to the vttermost of their powers do their best, to apprehend and deliuer them to the kings -prison, that they might be foorth comming. After they had receiued this oth, they were -licenced to depart, and the king rode to Berkhamsteed, where he remained for a time, -and went to Esthamstéed to recreate himselfe with hunting, where he was informed, that -those which were hanged at S. Albons, were taken from the gallowes, and remooued a good -waie from the same: with which presumption he was so stirred, that he sent foorthwith -his letters to the bailiffes of the towne of S. Albons, commanding them vpon the sight of -the same, to cause cheines to be made, and to bring the said bodies backe vnto the gallowes, -and to hang them in those chaines vpon the same gallowes, there to remaine, so -long as one peece might sticke to another, according to the forme of the iudgement giuen. -The test of this writ thus directed to the bailiffes of saint Albons, was at Esthamstéed the -third of August, in the fift yeare of this kings reigne, and in the yeare of our lord a thousand -three hundred foure score and one.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The townesmen of S. Albons durst not disobeie the kings commandement, and so hanged -vp againe in chaines the dead bodies of their neighbors, greatlie to their shame and reproch, -when they could get none other for anie wages to come néere the stinking carcasses, -but that they were constreined themselues to take in hand so vile an office. And such -was the end of the tumults at S. Albons, where as well as in other places, the vnrulie -commons had plaied their parts. To conclude and make an end of these diuelish troubles, -to the end it may appeare, in what danger as well the K. as the whole state of the -realme stood, by the mischéefous attempts of the vnrulie people, I haue thought good to -declare the confession of Iacke Straw one of their chéefe capteins (and next in reputation <span class="xxpn" id="p751">|751|</span> -amongst them vnto Wat Tiler) when he came to be executed in London, according to -iudiciall sentence passed against him.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The confession of Iacke Straw at the time of his death.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ “At</span> -the same time (said he) that we were assembled vpon Blackeheath, and had sent -to the king to come vnto vs, our purpose was to haue slaine all such knights, esquiers, and -gentlemen, as should haue giuen their attendance thither vpon him: and as for the king, -we would haue kept him amongst vs, to the end that the people might more boldlie haue -repaired to vs, sith they should haue thought, that whatsoeuer we did, the same had béene -doone by his authoritie. Finally, when we had gotten power inough, that we needed not -to feare anie force that might be made against vs, we would haue slaine all such noble -men, as might either haue giuen counsell, or made anie resistance against vs, speciallie the -knights of the Rhodes; and lastlie we would haue killed the king and all men of possessions, -with bishops, moonks, chanons, and parsons of churches, onelie friers Mendicants -we would haue spared, that might haue sufficed for ministration of the sacraments. And -when we had made a riddance of all those, we would haue deuised lawes, according to the -which the subiects of this realme should haue liued, for we would haue created kings, as -Wat Tiler in Kent, and other in other countries. But bicause this our purpose was disappointed -by the archbishop of Canturburie, that would not permit the king to come to vs, -we sought by all meanes to dispatch him out of the waie, as at length we did. Morouer, -the same euening that Wat Tiler was killed, we were determined, hauing the greatest part -of the commons of the citie bent to ioine with vs, to haue set fire in foure corners of the -citie, and so to haue diuided amongst vs the spoile of the cheefest riches that might haue -beene found at our pleasure. And this (said he) was our purpose, as God may helpe me -now at my last end.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Thus you may see, after what sort they were conspired to the destruction of the realme, -and to haue aduanced and inriched themselues; not considering or foreséeing the euill -successe of their tumultuous broile, and that it would tend but little to their profit -in the end, by a common spoile to amend their state, and to become mightie and rich -with goods euill gotten, which though for a time (if lucke had serued them to haue -possessed) they had enioied, yet could they not long prosper nor bring good vnto the possessors: -for</p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Non habet euentus sordida præda bonos.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The cause of the late tumults.</p> -<p>A truce with Scotland. <i>Tho. Walsi.</i> <i>Froissard.</i></p></div> - -<p>And lest this one mans confession might séeme insufficient, diuerse other of them confessed -the same, or much what the like in effect, when they saw no remedie but present -death before their eies. To declare the occasion whie such mischeefes happened thus in -the realme, we leaue to the iudgement of those that may coniecture a truth thereof, by -conferring the manners of that age & behauiour of all states then, sith they that wrote in -those daies, may happilie in that behalfe misse the trueth, in construing things according to -their affections. -But truelie it is to be thought, that the faults, as well in one degrée as an -other, speciallie the sinnes of the whole nation, procured such vengeance to rise, whereby -they might be warned of their euill dooings, and séeke to reforme the same in time conuenient. -But as it commeth still to passe, when the danger is once ouershot, repentance -likewise is put ouer, and is no more regarded, till an other scourge commeth eftsoones to -put men in remembrance of their duetie; so in like manner (as séemeth) it chanced in -this kings daies, as by that which followeth may more plainelie -appeare.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The capteine of Berwike will not suffer the duke -of Lancaster to enter into the towne.</p></div> - -<p>It this meane time that these troubles were at the hottest in England, the duke of Lancaster -being in Scotland, so behaued himselfe (in the treatie which he had in hand with -the Scots) dissembling the matter so, as if he had not vnderstood of any trouble in England -at all, that finallie before the Scots had knowledge thereof, a truce was concluded to -indure for two yeares, or (as other haue) for three yeares. -When he had made an end -there, and that all things were agréed vpon and passed, for the confirmation of that accord, -he returned to Berwike, but at his comming thither, the capteine sir Matthew Redman -would not suffer him to enter the towne, bicause of a commandement giuen to him <span class="xxpn" id="p752">|752|</span> -from the earle of Northumberland, lord warden of the marches: wherefore the duke was -glad to returne into Scotland againe, obteining licence of the Scots to remaine amongst -them, till the realme of England was reduced to better quiet. Hervpon, the commons -in England that fauored him not, tooke occasion to report the worst of him that might be -deuised, calling him now in time of their rebellious commotions, a traitor to the realme, -declaring that he had ioined himselfe to the Scots, and meant to take part with them -against his owne natiue countrie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The king indéed had sent commandement, during the time of the rebellious troubles, -vnto the earle of Northumberland, that he should haue good regard to the safe keeping -of all the townes & castels vnder his rule, & not to suffer any person to enter the same, -hauing forgotten to except the duke of Lancaster being then in Scotland: whervpon the -duke tooke no small displeasure with the earle of Northumberland, as after he well shewed -at his comming home. But before he returned foorth of Scotland, he wrote to the king -to vnderstand his plesure, in what sort he should returne, humbling himselfe in such -wise, as he made offer to come with one knight, one esquier, and a groome, if it should -please the king so to appoint him; or if it so were that by his presence it was thought the -realme was like to fall in any trouble, he was readie to depart into exile, neuer to returne -into his countrie againe, if so be that through his absence the king and realme might inioy -peace and quietnesse.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster chargeth the earle of Northumberland -with sundrie crimes.</p></div> - -<p>The king hearing such offers, wrote to him, that his pleasure was to haue him to returne -home, with all his whole traine; and if the same were not thought sufficient to -gard him, he should take of euerie towne by the which he passed, a certeine number of -men to attend him vnto the next towne for his safegard, and so it was doone, the king -sending him commission to that effect, and thus comming to the court, he was of the king -right honorablie receiued. Within few daies after his comming, he exhibited a grieuous -complaint against the earle of Northumberland, for abusing him in diuerse sorts, in time -of the late troubles, so as his honour was greatlie thereby touched, for which the earle -was sent for, and commanded to come vnto Berkhamstéed, where all the lords in maner -of the land were assembled in councell.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster & the earle of Northumberland -come to the parlement with great troops of armed men.</p> - -<p>The Londoners, fréends to the earle of Northumberland.</p></div> - -<p>Here, after the duke had laid diuerse things to the earles charge, for his disobedience, -vnfaithfulnesse, and ingratitude; the earle after the manner of his countrie, not able to -forbeare, breake out into reprochfull words against the duke, although he was commanded -by the king to cease, where the duke kept silence in humble maner, at the first -word, when the K. commanded him to hold his peace, so that by reason of the earles disobedience -in that behalfe, he was arrested. -But yet the earls of Warwike and Suffolke -vndertaking for his appearance at the next parlement, he was suffered to depart, and so -the councell brake vp. -About the feast of All saints the parlement began, to the which -the duke of Lancaster came bringing with him an excéeding number of armed men, and -likewise the earle of Northumberland with no lesse companie came likewise to London, & -was lodged within the citie, hauing great friendship shewed towards him of the citizens, who -promised to assist him at all times, when necessitie required, so that his part séemed -to be ouerstrong for the duke, if they should haue come to anie trial of their forces at -that time.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords sit in armour in the parlement house.</p> - -<p>The K. maketh an agréemēt betwéen -the duke of Lancaster & the earle of Northumberland.</p></div> - -<p>The Duke laie with his people in the suburbs, and euerie daie when they went to the -parlement house at Westminster, both parts went thither in armour, to the great terror -of those that were wise and graue personages, fearing some mischiefe to fall foorth of -that vnaccustomed manner of their going armed to the parlement house, contrarie to the -ancient vsage of the realme. -At length, to quiet the parties and to auoid such inconueniences, -as might haue growen of their dissention, the king tooke the matter into his -hands, and so they were made fréends, to the end that some good might be doone in that -parlement, for reformation of things touching the state of the realme, for which cause it -was especiallie called: but now after it had continued a long time, and few things at all <span class="xxpn" id="p753">|753|</span> -concluded, newes came that the ladie Anne sister to the emperour Wenslaus, & affianced -wife to the king of England, was come to Calis, whervpon the parliament was proroged -till after Christmas, that in the meane time the marriage might be solemnized, which was -appointed after the Epiphanie: and foorthwith great preparation was made to receiue the -bride, that she might be conueied with all honor vnto the kings -presence.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The emperours sister affianced to K. -Richard, is receiued at Douer.</p> - -<p>A watershake.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1382.</div> - -<p>The kings marriage with the emperors sister.</p></div> - -<p>Such as should receiue hir at Douer repaired thither, where at hir landing, a maruellous -and right strange woonder happened; for she was no sooner out of hir ship, and got -to land in safetie with all hir companie, but that foorthwith the water was so troubled and -shaken, as the like thing had not to any mans remembrance euer béene heard of: so that -the ship in which the appointed queene came ouer, was terriblie rent in péeces, and the -residue so beaten one against an other, that they were scattered here and there after a -woonderful manner. -Before hir comming to the citie of London, she was met on Blackheath -by the maior and citizens of London in most honorable wise, and so with great -triumph conueied to Westminster, where (at the time appointed) all the nobilitie of the -realme being assembled, she was ioined in marriage to the king, and crowned quéene by -the archbishop of Canturburie, with all the glorie and honor that might be deuised. There -were also holden for the more honour of the said marriage, solemne iustes for certeine -daies togither, in which, as well the Englishmen as the new quéenes countriemen shewed -proofe of their manhood and valiancie, whereby praise & commendation of knightlie -prowesse was atchiued, not without damage of both the parties.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>After that the solemnitie of the marriage was finished, the parlement eftsoones began, -in the which many things were inacted, for the behoofe of the commonwealth. And -amongst other things it was ordeined, that all maner manumissions, obligations, releasses, -and other bonds made by compulsion, dures, and menace, in time of this last -tumult and riot against the lawes of the land, and good faith, should be vtterlie void -and adnihilated. And further, that if the kings faithful liege people did perceiue any -gathering of the cōmons in suspected wise, to the number of six or seuen, holding conuenticles -togither, they should not staie for the kings writ in that behalfe for their warrant, -but foorthwith it should be lawfull for them to apprehend such people, assembling -togither, and to laie them in prison, till they might answer their dooings. These and -manie other things were established in this parlement, of the which, the most part were set -foorth in the printed booke of statutes, where ye may read the same more at large.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The sudden death of the earle of Suffolke.</p></div> - -<p>In time of this parlement William Vfford the earle of Suffolke, being chosen by the -knights of the shires, to pronounce in behalfe of the commonwealth, certeine matters -concerning the same: the verie daie and houre in which he should haue serued that turne, -as he went vp the staires, towards the vpper house, he suddenlie fell downe and died in -the hands of his seruants, busie about to take him vp, whereas he felt no gréefe of sickenesse -when he came into Westminster, being then and before merrie and pleasant inough, -to all mens sights. Of his sudden death, manie were greatlie abashed, for that in his -life time, he had shewed himselfe courteous and amiable to all men.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> parlement -shortlie therevpon tooke end, after that the merchants had granted to the king for a subsidie -certeine customes of their wooles, which they bought and sold, called a maletot, to -endure for foure yeares.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> lord Richard Scroope was made lord chancellor, & the -lord Hugh Segraue lord treasuror.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of March his good seruice whilest he was deputie in Ireland.</p> - -<p>Wicliffes doctrine.</p> - -<p>Iohn Wraie.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time, the lord Edmund Mortimer earle of March, the kings lieutenant -in Ireland, departed this life, after he had brought in manner all that land to peace and -quiet, by his noble and prudent gouernement. In this season, Wicliffe set forth diuerse -articles and conclusions of his doctrine, which the new archbishop of Canturburie, William -Courtneie, latelie remooued from the sée of London, vnto the higher dignitie, did -what he could by all shifts to suppresse, and to force such as were the setters foorth and -mainteiners thereof, to recant, and vtterlie to renounce. What he brought to passe, in -the booke of acts and monuments set foorth by maister I. Fox, ye may find at large. <span class="xxpn" id="p754">|754|</span> -The tuesday next after the feast of saint Iohn Port latine, an other parlement began, in -which at the earnest sute and request of the knights of the shires, Iohn Wraie priest that -was the chiefe dooer among the commons in Suffolke, at Burie, and Mildenhall, was -adiudged to be drawen, and hanged, although manie beleeued, that his life should haue -béene redeemed for some great portion of monie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A coleprophet serued aright.</p></div> - -<p>A lewd fellow that tooke vpon him to be skilfull in physicke and astronomie, caused it -to be published thorough the citie of London, that vpon the Ascension euen, there would -rise such a pestilent planet, that all those which came abroad foorth of their chambers, -before they had said fiue times the Lords praier, then commonlie called the Pater noster, -and did not eate somewhat that morning, before their going foorth, should be taken with -sicknesse, & suddenlie die thereof. Many fooles beléeued him, and obserued his order; -but the next day, when his presumptuous lieng could be no longer faced out, he was set -on horssebacke, with his face towards the taile, which he was compelled to hold in his -hand in stéed of a bridle, and so was led about the citie, with two iorden pots about his -necke, and a whetstone, in token that he had well deserued it, for the notable lie which -he had made.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Ships of Rie win a good price.</p> - -<p>Iohn de Northampton maior of London, a streict punisher -of adulterie in his time.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time, certeine English ships of Rie, and other places, went to the sea, -and meeting pirats, fought with them, and ouercame them, taking seuen ships, with thrée -hundred men in them. One of those ships had béene taken from the Englishmen afore -time, and was called the falcon, belonging to the lord William Latimer. They were all -richlie laden with wine, wax, and other good merchandize. This yeare the maior of -London Iohn de Northampton, otherwise called Iohn de Comberton, did punish such -as were taken in adulterie, verie extremelie: for first he put them in the prison, called -the tunne, that then stood in Cornehill, and after caused the women to haue their haire -cut, as théeues in those daies were serued that were appeachers of others, and so were -they led about the stréets with trumpets & pipes going before them. Neither were the -men spared more than the women, being put to manie open shames and reproches. But -bicause the punishment of such offenses was thought rather to apperteine vnto the spirituall -iurisdiction, than to the temporall, the bishop of London, and other of the -cleargie, tooke it in verie euill part: but the maior being a stout man, would not forbeare, -but vsed his authoritie héerein to the vttermost.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Londoners fauorers of Wicliffes doctrine.</p> - -<p>The fishmoongers sore troubled by the maior.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time also, when the archbishop of Canturburie sate in iudgement vpon -a processe that was framed against one Iohn Aston, a maister of art, that was an earnest -follower of Wicliffes doctrine, the Londoners brake open the doores, where the archbishop -with his diuines sate, and caused them to giue ouer, so that they durst procéed no -further in that matter. The same yéere were the fishmoongers of London sore disquieted -by the foresaid maior, who sought to infringe their liberties, granting licence to forreners -to come and sell all manner of fish, as fréelie and more fréelie than any of the companie -of fishmongers: for they might not buie it at the forreners hands to sell it againe by any -meanes, and so that companie which before had beene accompted one of the chiefest in -the citie, was now so brought downe, as it séemed to be one of the meanest, being compelled -to confesse, that their occupation was no craft, nor worthie so to be accompted -amongst other the crafts of the citie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A great earthquake.</p> - -<p>Churches ouerthrowne by the earthquake.</p> - -<p>A waterquake.</p></div> - -<p>In this yeare, the one and twentith of Maie being wednesdaie, a great earthquake -chanced about one of the clocke in the after noone; it was so vehement, and namelie in -Kent, that the churches were shaken therewith in such wise, that some of them were ouerthrowen -to the ground. On the saturdaie after, being the foure and twentith day of -Maie, earelie in the morning, chanced an other earthquake, or (as some write) a watershake, -being of so vehement & violent a motion, that it made the ships in the hauens to -beat one against the other, by reason whereof they were sore brused by such knocking togither, -to the great woonder of the people, who being amazed at such strange tokens, -stood a long time after in more awe of Gods wrath and displeasure than before, for these <span class="xxpn" id="p755">|755|</span> -so strange and dreadfull woonders thus shewed amongst them: howbeit when these terrors -were forgotten, they followed their former dissolutenes, from the which for a time they -were withdrawne through feare of Gods heuie hand hanging ouer their heads; but afterward -like swine they wallowed afresh in their puddels of pollusions, & as dogs licked vp -their filthie vomit of corruption and naughtinesse, for<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Sordida natura semper sequitur sua iura.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 6.</h2> -<p>The bishop of Londō made lord chancellor in the -lord Scroope his roome.</p></div> - -<p>About this season, the lord Richard Scroope lord chancellor was deposed from that -roome, and the king receiuing the great seale at his hands, kept it a certeine time, and -sealed therewith such grants and writings as it pleased him: at length, it was deliuered to -Robert Braibrooke bishop of London, who was made lord chancellor. The cause why -the lord Scroope was remooued from that dignitie, was this. When the king vpon certeine -respects had granted certeine gentlemen the lands and possessions that belonged to -the late earle of March, and other that were deceassed (which he, during the time of their -heires minorities, ought to inioy by the lawes of the realme) the said lord chancellor refused -to seale such grants, alledging that the king being greatlie in debt, which he was -to discharge, stood in need of such profits himselfe, and therefore (as he said) he tooke -not them for faithfull seruants, nor dutifull subiects to his grace, that respecting their -owne priuat commoditie more than his or the realmes, did sue for such grants at his -hands, aduising them to hold themselues contented with such other things, as it had -pleased or might please the king to bestow vpon them: for suerlie he would not consent, -that they should inioy such gifts as those were. They that were thus reiected, made their -complaint in such sort to the king, that he taking displeasure with the said lord Scroope, -deposed him from his office, to the great offense both of the nobles and commons, by -whose consent he was preferred vnto that dignitie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A new rebellion intended in Norffolke is bewraied by one of the -conspiracie before it burst out.</p></div> - -<p>About Michaelmasse this yeare, certeine naughtie disposed persons in Norffolke, not -warned by the successe of the late rebellion, went about a new commotion, intending to -murther the bishop of Norwich, and all the nobles and gentlemen of that countrie. And -to bring their wicked purpose the better to passe, they determined to haue assembled -togither at S. Faithes faire, and to haue compelled all those that should haue béene present -at the same faire, to haue taken part with them, or else to haue lost their liues: -and this being doone, they would haue taken S. Benets abbeie at Holme, which they -would haue kept for a fortresse, to haue withdrawne into vpon anie force that had beene -against them. But yer they could bring their purpose to passe, one of the conspiracie -bewraieng the matter, they were taken, & lost their heads at Norwich, for their malicious -deuises.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The cōmissioners -of Flanders reiected for want of sufficient authoritie.</p> - -<p>An act against the fishmongers within the citie of London.</p> - -<p>Remission of sins granted to as manie as would -fight against Clement the antipape.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time a parlement was called, to the which certeine commissioners from -the countrie of Flanders came, to treat of certeine agréements betwixt the king and realme, -and the states of their countrie: but bicause those that came ouer at this time, seemed -not sufficient to conclude such treatie as then was in hand, they were sent backe to fetch -other more sufficient, as from euerie towne in Flanders some such as might haue full -authoritie to go through, and confirme the agréements then in hand. In this parlement, -the maior of London, with a great part of the commoners of the citie, vpon suggestion by -them made against the fishmongers, for vsing great deceit in vttering of their fishes, obteined -to haue it inacted, -that from thencefoorth, none of that companie, nor anie of the -vinteners, butchers, grossers, or other that sold anie prouision of vittels, should be admitted -maior of the citie; and so by this shift they sought to cut off all meanes from the -fishmongers to recouer againe their old former degrée. And bicause it was knowne well -inough of what authoritie sir Iohn Philpot knight was within the citie, and that he fauoured -those whome the lord maior the said Iohn de Northampton fauoured not, he was -put off from the bench, and might not sit with them that were of the secret councell in -the cities affaires, whereas neuerthelesse he had trauelled more for the preseruation of -the cities liberties than all the residue. Sir Henrie Spenser bishop of Norwich, receiued <span class="xxpn" id="p756">|756|</span> -buls a little before this present from pope Vrbane, to signe all such with the crosse, that -would take vpon them to go ouer the seas with him, to warre against those that held with -the antipape Clement, -that tooke himselfe for pope, and to such as would receiue the -crosse in that quarrell, such like beneficiall pardons were granted by pope Vrbane, as -were accustomablie granted vnto such as went to fight against the Infidels, Turkes, and -Saracens, to wit free remission of sinnes, and manie other graces. The bishop of Norwich -that had the disposing of the benefits granted by those buls, to all such as either -would go themselues in person, or else giue anie thing toward the furtherance of that -voiage, & maintenance of them that went in the same, shewed those buls in open parlement, -& caused copies to be written forth, & sent into euerie quarter, that his authoritie -& power legantine might be notified to all men, for the better bringing to passe of -that he had in charge. And truelie it should appeare, there wanted no diligence in the -man to accomplish the popes purpose: and on the other part yée must note, that the priuileges -which he had from the pope, were passing large, so that as the matter was handled, -there were diuerse lords, knights, esquires, and other men of warre in good numbers, -that offered themselues to go in that voiage, and to follow the standards of the -church with the bishop, and no small summes of monie were leuied and gathered amongst -the people, for the furnishing foorth of that armie, as after yée shall heare.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Cambridge returneth out of Portingale.</p> - -<p>The earle of Cambridge his son affianced to the -king of Portingals daughter.</p></div> - -<p>In this meane time the earle of Cambridge returned home from Portingale, whither -(as yee haue heard) he was sent the last yeare, and promise made, that the duke of -Lancaster should haue followed him; but by reason of the late rebellion, and also for -other considerations, as the warres in Flanders betwixt the erle and them of Gaunt, it -was not thought conuenient that anie men of warre should go foorth of the realme: and -so the king of Portingale not able of himselfe to go through with his enterprise against the -king of Spaine, after some small exploits atchiued by the Englishmen, and other of the -earle of Cambridge his companie, as the winning of certeine fortresses belonging to the -king of Castile, and that the two kings had laine in field, the one against the other -by the space of fifteene daies without battell, the matter was taken vp, and a peace concluded -betwixt them, sore against the mind of the earle of Cambridge, who did what in -him laie, to haue brought them to a set field: but when there was no remedie, he bare -it so patientlie as he might, and returned home with his people, sore offended (though -he said little) against the king of Portingale, for that he dealt otherwise in this matter -than was looked for. He had affianced his sonne, which he had by the daughter of Peter, -sometime king of Castile, vnto the king of Portingales daughter, now in the time of his -being there: but although he was earnestlie requested of the said king, he would not -leaue his sonne behind him, but brought him backe with him againe into England (togither -with his mother) doubting the slipperie faith of those people.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1383.</div> - -<p>Clementines.</p> - -<p>Vrbanists.</p></div> - -<p>In the Lent season of this sixt yeare of king Richards reigne, an other parlement was -called at London, in the which there was hard hold about the buls sent to the bishop of -Norwich from pope Vrbane, concerning his iournie that he should take in hand against -the Clementines (as we may call them, for that they held with pope Clement) whome -the Vrbanists (that is, such as held with pope Vrbane) tooke for schismatikes. Diuerse -there were, that thought it not good that such summes of monie shuld be leuied of the -kings subiects, and the same togither with an armie of men to be committed vnto the -guiding of a prelat vnskilfull in warlike affaires. Other there were that would needs -haue him to go, that the enimies of the church (as they tooke them) might be subdued.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>And although the more part of the lords of the vpper house, and likewise the knights -and burgesses of the lower house were earnestlie bent against this iournie; yet at length -those that were of the contrarie mind, preuailed; & so it was decreed, that it should forward, -and that the said bishop of Norwich should haue the fiftéenth granted to the king -in the last parlement, to paie the wages of such men of warre as should go ouer with him; -for soldiers without monie passed not much of par dons, -nonot in those daies, except at <span class="xxpn" id="p757">|757|</span> -the verie point of death, if they were not assured how to be answered of their wages, or -of some other consideration wherby they might gaine.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> tenth that was granted afore -by the bishops at Oxford, was now in this same parlement appointed to remaine to the -king for the kéeping of the seas, whilest the bishop should be foorth of the realme in following -those wars.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The crossed souldiers.</p></div> - -<p>These things being thus appointed, the bishop sent foorth his letters firmed with his -seale into euerie prouince and countrie of this land, giuing to all parsons, vicars, and -curats, through this realme, power and authoritie to heare the confessions of their parishioners, -and to grant vnto those that would bestow any parcell of their goods, -which -God had lent them towards the aduancing of the iournie to be made by the crossed souldiers -against pope Vrbans enimies, the absolution and remission of all their sinnes by the -popes authoritie, according to the forme of the bull before mentioned. The people vnderstanding -of so great and gratious a benefit (as they tooke it) thus offered to the English -nation, at home in their owne houses, were desirous to be partakers thereof, and -those that were warlike men, prepared themselues to go foorth in that iournie with all -spéed possible. The residue that were not fit to be warriors, according to that they were -exhorted by their confessors, bestowed liberallie of their goods to the furtherance of those -that went: and so, few there were within the whole kingdome, but that either they went, -or gaue somewhat to the aduancing foorth of the bishop of Norwich his voiage.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The capteins that wēt with the bishop of Norwich against the antipape.</p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p></div> - -<p>This bishop chose diuerse to be associat with him, as capteins that were expert in warlike -enterprises. The first and principall was sir Hugh Caluerlie an old man of warre, -and one that in all places had borne himselfe both valiantlie and politikelie; next vnto -him was sir William Farington, who stoutlie spake in the bishops cause, when the matter -came in question in the parlement house, touching his going ouer with his croisie. Besides -these, there went diuerse noble men and knights of high renowme, as the lord Henrie -Beaumount, -sir William Elmham, and sir Thomas Triuet, sir Iohn Ferrers, sir Hugh -Spenser the bishops nephue by his brother, sir Matthew Redman capteine of Berwike, -sir Nicholas Tarenson or Traicton, sir William Farington, and manie other of the English -nation: & of Gascogne there went le sire de Chasteauneuf, and his brother sir Iohn -de Chasteauneuf, Raimund de Marsen, Guillonet de Paux, Gariot Vighier, Iohn de -Cachitan, and diuerse other. Sir Iohn Beauchampe was appointed marshall of the -field, but bicause he was at that present in the marches of the realme towards Scotland, -he was not readie to passe ouer when the bishop did. The duke of Lancaster liked not -well of the bishops iournie, for that he saw how his voiage that he meant to make into -Spaine was hereby for the time disappointed, and he could haue béene better contented -(as appeareth by writers) to haue had the monie imploied vpon the warres against the -king of Castile that was a Clementine, than to haue it bestowed vpon this voiage, which -the bishop was to take in hand against the French king, and other in these néerer parts. -Herevpon there were not manie of the nobilitie that offered to go with the bishop.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The statute against fishmongers repealed, they are restored to their liberties.</p></div> - -<p>But to saie somewhat of other things that were concluded in this last parlement, we -find, that the fishmongers, which through meanes of the late lord maior Iohn of Northampton -and his complices were put from their ancient customes and liberties, which they -inioied aforetime within the citie, were now restored to the same againe, sauing that they -might not kéepe courts among themselues, as in times past they vsed, but that after the -maner of other crafts and companies, all transgressions, offenses, and breaches of lawes -and customes by them committed, should be heard, tried, and reformed in the maiors -court.  <span class="nowrap">¶ All</span> this winter the matter touching the gathering of monie towards the croisie, -was earnestlie applied, so that there was leuied what of the disme, and by the deuotion -of the people for obteining of the pardon, so much as drew to the summe of fiue and -twentie thousand franks.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The bishop of Norwich setteth forward with his armie.</p> - -<p><i>Polydor.</i></p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p>500 speares, & 115 other.</p></div> - -<p>When the bishop therefore had set things in good forwardnesse for his iournie, he drew -towards the sea side, and was so desirous to passe ouer, and to inuade his aduersaries, <span class="xxpn" id="p758">|758|</span> -that although the king sent to him an expresse commandement by letters to returne to the -court, that he might conferre with him before he tooke the seas; yet excusing himselfe, -that the time would not then permit him to staie longer, he passed ouer to Calis, where -he landed the 23 of Aprill, in this sixt yeare of king Richards reigne. -The armie to attend -him in this iournie, rose to the number of two thousand horssemen, and fifteene -thousand footmen (as some write) though other speake of a far lesser number. But it -should seeme that they went not ouer all at one time, but by parts, as some before the -bishop, some with him, and some after him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The bishop of Norwich inuadeth Flanders.</p> - -<p><i>Ia. Meir.</i> Dunkirke woon & sacked by the Englishmen.</p> - -<p>The earle of Flāders sendeth to the bishop of Norwich to -know the cause of his inuasion of Flanders.</p></div> - -<p>Now when he and the capteins before named, were come ouer to Calis, they tooke -counsell togither into what place they should make their first inuasion; and bicause their -commission was to make warre onelie against those that held with pope Clement, the more -part were of this mind, that it should be most expedient for them to enter into France, and -to make warre against the Frenchmen, whom all men knew to be chiefe mainteiners of the -said Clement. -But the bishop of Norwich was of this opinion, that they could not doo better -than to inuade the countrie of Flanders, bicause that a litle before, earle Lewes hauing intelligence -that king Richard had made a confederacie with them of Gaunt, had on the -other part expelled all Englishmen out of his dominions and countries, so that the merchants -which had their goods at Bruges, and other places in Flanders, susteined great -losses. Howbeit there were that replied against the bishops purpose herein, as sir Hugh -Caluerlie and others; yet at length they yeelded thereto, and so by his commandement -they went streight to Grauelin, the 21 day of Maie, and immediatlie wan it by assault. -Wherevpon Bruckburge was yeelded vnto them, the liues and goods of them within -saued. Then went they to Dunkirke, & without any great resistance entred the towne, -and wan there excéeding much by the spoile, for it was full of riches, which the Englishmen -pilfered at their pleasure. -The earle of Flanders lieng at Lisle was aduertised how -the Englishmen were thus entered his countrie, wherevpon he sent ambassadors vnto the -English host, to vnderstand why they made him warre that was a right Vrbanist.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The bishop of Norwich for answer, declared to them that were sent, that he tooke the -countrie to apperteine to the French king, as he that had of late conquered it, whom all -the whole world knew to be a Clementine, or at the least he was assured that the countrie -thereabouts was of the inheritance of the ladie of Bar, which likewise was a Clementine: -and therefore, except the people of that countrie would come and ioine with him to go -against such as were knowne to be enimies to pope Vrbane, he would suerlie séeke to -destroie them. And whereas the earls ambassadors required safe conduct to go into -England by Calis, to vnderstand the kings pleasure in this mater, the bishop would grant -them none at all; wherefore they went backe againe to the earle their maister with that -answer.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The herald of armes sent to <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> Flemings by the bishop of -Norwich is slaine.</p></div> - -<p>The Englishmen after the taking and spoiling of Dunkirke, returned to Grauelin and -Bruckburge, which places they fortified, and then leauing garrisons in them, they went -to Mardike, and tooke it, for it was not closed. -In the meane time, the countriemen of -west Flanders rose in armour, and came, to Dunkirke, meaning to resist the Englishmen: -whereof when the bishop was certified, with all speed he marched thither, and comming -to the place where the Flemings, to the number of more than twelue thousand were ranged -without the towne, he sent an herald vnto them to know the truth, of whether pope they -held; but the rude people, not vnderstanding what apperteined to the law of armes, -ran vpon the herald at his approching to them, and slue him before he could begin to tell -his tale.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i> The order of the bishop of Norwich his battell -against the Flemings.</p></div> - -<p>The Englishmen herewith inflamed, determined either to reuenge the death of their -herald, or to die for it, and therewith ordered their battels readie to fight, and being not -aboue five thousand fighting men in all, the bishop placed himselfe amongst the horssemen, -and set the footmen in a battell marshalled wedgewise, broad behind and sharpe -before, hauing with them a banner wherein the crosse was beaten. The archers were <span class="xxpn" id="p759">|759|</span> -ranged on either side: the standard of the church went before, the field gules, and two -keies siluer, signifieng that they were souldiors of pope Vrbane. Moreouer, the bishop -had his penon there siluer and azure quarterlie, a freat gold on the azure, a bend gules -on the siluer; and bicause he was yoongest of the Spensers, he bare a border gules for a -difference. At the approching of the battels togither the trumpets blew vp, and the -archers began to shoot against the battell of the Flemings, the which valiantlie defended -themselues, & fought egerlie a long time, but at length they were so galled with arrowes -which the archers shot at them a flanke, that they were not able to indure, but were compelled -to giue backe.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Flemings discomfited by <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> Englishmen.</p> - -<p><i>Iac. Meir.</i></p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i> Préests and religious men hardy soldiers.</p></div> - -<p>They were diuided into two battels, a vaward, and a rereward. When the vaward -began to shrinke, the rereward also brake order, and fled, but the Englishmen pursued -them so fast, that they could not escape, but were ouertaken and slaine in great numbers. -Some saie, there died of them in the battell and chase fiue thousand, some six thousand; -and others write, that there were nine thousand of them slaine: and Thomas Walsingham -affirmeth twelue thousand. Manie of them fled into the towne of Dunkirke for succour, -but the Englishmen pursued them so egerlie, that they entered the towne with them, and -slue them downe in the streets. -The Flemings in diuerse places gathered themselues -togither againe as they fled, and shewed countenance of defense, but still they were -driuen out of order, and brought to confusion. The préests and religious men that -were with the bishop fought most egerlie, some one of them slaieng sixtéene of the -enimies.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Iacob. Meir.</i></p> - -<p>The Englishmē subdue diuerse towns in Flanders, and spoile -the countrie.</p></div> - -<p>There died of Englishmen at this battell about foure hundred. The Flemings had no -horssemen amongst them, nor anie number of gentlemen, for they stood in such dread of -English bowes, that they durst not come to anie battell with them, but kéeping themselues -out of danger, set the commons of the countrie in hand to trie what they against the Englishmen -were able to doo without them. This battell was fought vpon a mondaie being -the fifteenth of Maie. The countrie was put in a woonderfull feare by this ouerthrow, -so that the townes and fortresses were in great doubt, and some yeelded themselues to -the Englishmen, as Berghen and others; some were woone by force, as the castell of -Drinchan, and the towne of S. Venant. -To be short, the Englishmen became maisters of -all the countrie alongst the sea side, euen from Grauelin to Sluis, and got such riches by -pillage and spoile, as they could not wish for greater. They preuailed so much, that -they wan in maner all the close towns within the bailiffeweekes of Cassell, of Popering, -Messines, and Furneis, with the townes of Newport, Blankberke, and diuerse other.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The towne of Ypres besiged.</p> - -<p>The maner of fortifieing townes in old time.</p></div> - -<p>Also entring into the woods Nepse and Rutholt, they found a great bootie of sheepe -and beasts, and tooke a great sort of prisoners of the countrie people, which were fled -into those woods for feare of the enemies: but the Englishmen, plaieng the part of good -bloudhounds, found them out, & sent all their booties and preie vnto Grauelin and -Bruckburge. -On the eight daie of Iune they came before the towne of Ypres, and laid -siege thereto, whereat they continued the space of nine wéekes. Thither came to their -aid twentie thousand Gauntiners vnder the leading of Francis Akreman, Peter Wood, -and Peter Winter: so that they within Ypres were streictlie besieged, but there were -within it in garrison diuerse valiant knights & capteins, which defended the towne right -manfullie: -it was fensed with a mightie rampire, and a thicke hedge, trimlie plashed -and woond with thornes, as the manner of fortifieng townes was in ancient time amongst -them in that countrie (as Strabo witnesseth.)<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Hope of gaine incourageth the soldier.</p></div> - -<p>During the time that the siege laie before Ypres, the Englishmen swarmed abroad in -the countrie, for when it was once knowne what good successe the first companie that went -ouer had found, there came dailie foorth of England great numbers to be partakers of -the gaine. Sir Iohn Philpot that fauoured the bishops iournie, prouided them of vessels -for their passage, till the bishop vnderstanding that the more part of those that came thus -ouer were vnarmed, and brought nothing with them from home, but onelie swords, bowes <span class="xxpn" id="p760">|760|</span> -and arrowes, did write vnto the said sir Iohn Philpot, that he should suffer none to passe -the seas, but such as were men able and likelie to doo seruice: where a great number of -those that were come to him, were fit for nothing but to consume vittels, much like -the popish shauelings and the Romish rascalitie, of whome the like is spoken thus:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Nos numerus sumus & fruges consumere nati.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Ia. Meir.</i></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 7.</h2></div> - -<p>The multitude of Englishmen and Gauntiners at this siege was great, so that diuerse -skirmishes chanced betwixt them, and such as were appointed by the earle to lie in garrisons -against them: -but still the victorie abode on the English side. Also there was an -English préest, one sir Iohn Boring that went to Gaunt with fiue hundred English archers, -by whose aid Arnold Hans one of the capteins of Gaunt ouercame his enimies in -battell, which were laid in a castell neere to the hauen of Allost, and stopped that no -vittels might safelie come out of Holland or Zeland to be conueied to Gaunt. -The earle -of Flanders was not well contented in his mind, that the Englishmen were thus entred -into his countrie, and therefore earnestlie laboured to the duke of Burgognie (that had -married his daughter, and should be heire of all his dominions and seigniories after his -deceasse) to find some remedie in the matter.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The siege at Ypres broken vp.</p> - -<p>Newport sacked and burnt by the Englishmen and Gauntiners.</p></div> - -<p>The duke, whome the matter touched so néere, did so much with his nephew the -French king, that eftsoones he raised his whole puissance, and came downe into -Flanders, so that the Englishmen perceiuing themselues not of power to incounter with -this huge and mightie armie, were constreined after a great assault, which they gaue the -eight of August, to raise their siege from Ypres the mondaie after, being S. Laurence -daie, and to withdraw into Bruckburge, Berghen, Dixmew, Newport, Cassell, Dunkirke, -Grauelin, and other places which they had woon. But at Newport the townesmen -set vp the earles banner, and assailing those that were come into the towne, slue diuerse -of them. The Englishmen being sore offended therewith, came running thither with -certeine Gauntiners, and made great slaughter of them that had so murthered their fellowes. -The towne was sacked, and all the goods aswell church iewels as other were sent -awaie, partlie by sea into England, and partlie by waggons vnto Berge. After this, they -set fire in more than thirtie places of the towne, so that there remained nothing vnburnt. -The Englishmen & Gauntiners that were withdrawne into Berge, got togither all the waggons -in the countrie about, placing the same vpon the diches and rampiers, to fortifie the -same against their enemies.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i> A couragious & warlike bishop.</p></div> - -<p>Some write, that after the breaking of the siege at Ypres, the bishop of Norwich -would gladlie haue persuaded the lords and knights that were there with him, to haue entred -into Picardie, and there to haue offered the French king battell, before his whole puissance -had beene assembled: but sir Thomas Triuet and sir William Elmham with other, -would in no wise consent therevnto, so that the bishop taking with him sir Hugh Caluerlie, -that did neuer forsake him, bad the other farewell; and first making a road into -Picardie, he after withdrew into Grauelin, whiles the other went to Bruckburge. But by -Froissard, and other writers it appeareth, that sir Hugh was certeinlie at Berge, with other -that were retired thither, in purpose to defend it against the French king, who still followed -them, and recouered diuerse places out of their hands by force, as Mont Cassell, -the castell of Crincham, and other. Also at his comming to Berghen, the said sir Hugh -Caluerlie, and other that were within it, perceiuing that they were not able to defend it -against such a puissance as the French king had there with him, being greater than euer -sir Hugh Caluerlie that ancient capteine wold haue thought that France had béene able -to haue set foorth, departed, and left the towne to be spoiled of the Britons, and other -French souldiers, which executed there all kinds of crueltie. The more part of the Englishmen -went to Bruckburge, but sir Hugh Caluerlie went to Grauelin, and so to Calis, -as one sore displeased in his mind, for that his counsell could not be regarded in all this -voiage, which if it had béene followed, would haue brought it to a better issue than now -it was, as was supposed. <span class="xxpn" id="p761">|761|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The French king with his huge armie driueth the Englishmen -out of Flanders. Bruckburge yéelded to the French.</p> - -<p>The duke of Britaine a friend to the Englishmen.</p></div> - -<p>The French king following the tract of good fortune, that guided his sterne, marched -foorth to Bruckburge, so that the vaward of his armie came before that towne on Holie -rood daie in September, vnder the leading of the earle of Flanders, the duke of Britaine, -the lord Oliuer de Clisson high constable of France, and the lord Valeran earle of S. -Paule, the which demeaned themselues in such sort, that although the Englishmen within -valiantlie defended the Frenchmens assault; yet the third daie after the Frenchmens -comming thither, the Englishmen by composition that they might depart with bag and -bagage, yeelded vp the towne, which on the ninetenth of September being saturdaie, -as that yeare came about, was abandoned to the French souldiers, to rifle and spoile at -their pleasure, in the which feat the Britons bare the bell awaie, dooing more mischeefe -vnto the poore inhabitants, than with toong can be recited. -The duke of Britaine holpe -greatlie to make the composition, that the Englishmen might depart in safetie: for the -which dooing he was in great hatred and obloquie of the souldiers, who affirmed that he -was not onelie a friend to the Englishmen, but an enimie to his countrie, and a traitour -to the common-wealth.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Grauelin fortified by the Frenchmen for a countergarison to Calis. -<i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>The Englishmen comming to Grauelin, set it on fire, and departed streight to Calis, -leauing the countrie of Flanders to the Frenchmen, and so returned into England, where -they were not greatlie commended for their seruice, but were put so farre in blame, that -sir Thomas Triuet, & sir William Elmham were committed to prison within the tower of -London, as men suspected of euill dealing in the deliuerie of Bruckburge and Grauelin -to the Frenchmens hands: for immediatlie after that they had left Grauelin, the Frenchmen -came thither, and fortified it for a countergarison to Calis.  <span class="nowrap">¶ There</span> be that write -how the French king offered to giue the bishop of Norwich fiftéene thousand marks to race -the towne of Grauelin, and so to leaue it vnto him, the bishop hauing libertie with all his -people and goods to depart in safetie. The bishop required to haue libertie for certeine -daies, to make herevnto a full and deliberate answer; which was granted, and in the -meane time he sent into England to aduertise the king in what state he stood, and how the -French king laie before him with a mightie armie: and therefore if he meant euer to trie -battell with the Frenchmen, now was the time.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king & quéene in progresse.</p> - -<p>A great head soone cooled.</p></div> - -<p>In the same summer, the king with the queene went abroad in progresse, visiting in -their waie the rich abbeis of the realme, as Burie, Thetford, Norwich, & other; going -about a great part of the realme. And when these newes came to him from the bishop -of Norwich, he was at Dauentrie in Northamptonshire, and being the same time at supper, -he put the table from him, and rising with all hast, got him to horsbacke, and rode in -post that night, changing horsse diuerse times, with such spéed that he came to S. Albons -about midnight, and making no staie there longer than he had borowed the abbats gelding, -hasted foorth till he came to Westminster: so that it appeared he would neuer haue -rested till he had passed the sea, and giuen battell to the Frenchmen. -But after his comming -to Westminster, wearied with that hastie iournie, he got him to bed, and liked so -well of ease, that he thought good to send a lieutenant in his stead to passe the seas, to deliuer -the bishop from danger of his enemies.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The bishop of Norwich returned into England out of Flanders.</p></div> - -<p>Herevpon was the duke of Lancaster sent for, that he might with such power as was -readie to passe the seas, go ouer with the same, and giue battell to the French king: but -he protracted time, till the respit granted to the bishop to make answer was expired, and -so the bishop when he saw no succour come foorth of England, raced the towne as the -couenant was: -but monie he would not or did not receiue, bicause he thought in so dooing -he should offend the councell. At his comming backe into England, he found the duke -of Lancaster at the sea side with a great power of men readie to haue come ouer: although -some thought that he deferred time of purpose, for that he misliked of the bishops -whole enterprise; and now bicause it had thus quailed, he blamed the bishop for his -euill gouernement therein: but sir Hugh Caluerlie he reteined with him a time, dooing <span class="xxpn" id="p762">|762|</span> -him all honour, by reason of the old approoued valiancie, that had béene euer found in -him. And this was the end of the bishop of Norwich his iournie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Warke castell burnt by the Scots.</p> - -<p>Diuerse French ships taken by the Englishmen.</p></div> - -<p>The Scots in the meane while sate not still, but made roades into England, tooke and -burnt the castell of Warke. Moreouer, whilest the siege laie before Ypres, the Frenchmen -armed certeine vessels, and sent them to the sea, namelie fiue balengers, as well to intercept -such as should passe betwéene England and Flanders, as also to stop such as were -appointed to go ouer into Gascoine, that were soldiers also of the croisie, appointed -thither vnder the leading of the lord Britrigale de la Bret, and certeine others. -When -they of Portesmouth vnderstood that these fiue ships were abroad, they made foorth to -the sea, and meeting with their aduersaries, fought with them a sore & cruell battell, and -in the end slue all the enemies, nine excepted, and tooke all their vessels. An other fleet -of Englishmen tooke eight French ships, which had aboord 1500 tuns of good wines, that -comforted the Englishmen greatlie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A parlement at London.</p> - -<p>The temporalties of the bishoprike of Norwich seized into the kings -hands for the bishops disobedience.</p></div> - -<p>About the feast of All saints was a parlement holden at London, in which was granted -to the king one moitie of a fifteenth by the laitie, and shortlie after a moitie of a tenth by -the cleargie. -Moreouer, the king tooke into his hands the temporalties that belonged to -the bishop of Norwich, bicause he obeied not the kings commandement when he was sent -for at the time when he tooke the seas to passe into Flanders. The knights also that had -not shewed such obedience to the bishop as was requisit in that iornie, were committed to -prison; but shortlie after they were set at libertie vpon suerties that vndertooke for them.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ It</span> was also decréed in this parlement, that the erle of Buckingham the kings vncle -should go to the borders against Scotland, with a thousand lances, and two thousand -archers, to represse the presumptuous attempts of the Scots, who aduertised thereof, sent -ambassadors to treat of peace; but they were dispatched home againe, without obteining -that which they came to sue for.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A treatie of peace betwéen England and France.</p> - -<p>A truce taken betwéene England and France.</p></div> - -<p>At the motion and instance of the duke of Britaine, immediatlie vpon the returne of -the English armie out of Flanders, there was a méeting of certeine commissioners in the -marches of Calis, at a place called Lelleghen, for the treatie of a peace to be concluded -betwixt the two realmes of England and France. There appeared for king Richard, the -duke of Lancaster, and his brother the erle of Buckingham, sir Iohn Holland brother to -the king, sir Thomas Percie, and a bishop. For the French king, thither came the dukes -of Berrie and Burgognie, the bishop of Laon, and the chancellor of France. There were -also the duke of Britaine, and the earle of Flanders. Also there came a bishop with other -commissioners from the king of Spaine; for the Frenchmen would doo nothing, except -the king of Spaine might be also comprised in the treatie and conclusion. -They were -thrée wéekes in commoning of an agreement: but when nothing else could be brought to -passe, they concluded a truce to indure till the feast of S. Michaell, which should be in -the yeare 1384.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Tho. Walsin.</i></p> - -<p>Great contention about the election of the maior of London.</p> - -<p>Sir Robert Knolles.</p></div> - -<p>The earle of Flanders was iudged most in blame, for that no peace could be accorded, -bicause he would not that the Gauntiners should be comprised therin, but the Englishmen -would not agree either to truce or peace, except regard might be had of the Gauntiners, -as their fréends and alies. The kings of Spaine and Scotland were comprised in -this truce as confederats to the Frenchmen, which should haue signified the same into -Scotland, but did not, till great harme followed through negligence vsed in that matter, -as after yée shall perceiue.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> same yeare in the night of the feast of the Purification -of our ladie, great lightenings and thunders chanced, which put manie in no small feare, -so huge and hideous was that tempest. Shortlie after, there rose no small adoo in the -citie of London about the election of their maior: -for such as fauoured the late maior -Iohn de Northampton, otherwise called Iohn de Comberton, stood against sir Nicholas -Brambre knight that was chosen to succéed the said Iohn de Northampton, insomuch that -a shoomaker who was one of the same Iohn de Northamptons partakers, presumed -through a number of voices that were readie to fauour him, to take vpon him as maior: <span class="xxpn" id="p763">|763|</span> -but through the counsell of sir Robert Knolles knight, he was suddenlie apprehended, -drawne, and beheaded, as a rebell and troubler of the kings peace.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster inuadeth Scotland with an armie.</p> - -<p>Edenburgh left desolate.</p> - -<p>Great death of horsses and men in the English host, -by reason of extreme cold.</p></div> - -<p>In the lent season, the duke of Lancaster with his brother the earle of Buckingham -went towards the borders, hauing with him a mightie power of knights, esquiers, and -archers, and after he had remained a certeine time vpon the borders, about Easter he -entered Scotland, and comming within thrée miles of Edenburgh, he staied there three -daies, in which meane time the Scots conueied all their goods out of the towne ouer the -water of Firth: so that when the armie came thither, they found nothing but bare walles, -which gréeued the soldiers not a little. The Scots would not come foorth to giue anie -battell to the Englishmen, but got them into woods and mounteines, or else passed ouer -the riuer of Firth, suffering the Englishmen to fight with the vehement cold wether that -then sore annoied those parts, in so much that on Easter daie at night, through snow that -fell, and such extreame cold and boisterous stormes, as sore afflicted the armie, being incamped -within the compasse of a marish ground for their more suertie: there died aboue -fiue hundred horsses, to let passe the losse of men that perished at the same time, of -whom we make no mention. To conclude, after the duke and his brother the earle had -remained a time thus in Scotland, and burned certeine townes, they returned into England.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A parlement at Salisburie.</p> - -<p>An Irish frier appeacheth the duke of Lācaster of treason.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time, to wit, in the quindene of Easter, a parlement of the nobles was -holden at Salisburie, during the which an Irish frier of the order of the Carmelits, being a -bacheler in diuinitie, exhibited to the king a bill against the duke of Lancaster, charging -him with heinous treasons: as that he meant vpon a sudden to destroie the king, and to -vsurpe the crowne, shewing the time, the place, and circumstances of the whole contriued -matter. The king being yoong both in yeares and discretion, when he had heard the -friers information, called two of his chapleins vnto him, one sir Nicholas Slake, and -an other, and asked their aduise what they thought good to be doone in such a weightie -cause. Now as they were busie in talke about the same, the duke of Lancaster came into -the kings chamber after his woonted manner, not vnderstanding anie thing of the matter -whereof they were in talke. The king with a sterne countenance beheld the duke, not -dooing him the honor that he was accustomed. The duke suspecting that the king had -somewhat in his head that touched his person, withdrew. In the meane time those two -that were thus in counsell with the king, fearing happilie the dukes power, or else vpon -good will they bare towards him, persuaded the king that in anie wise he should call him, -to see and heare what was laid to his charge.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A miserable & cruell torture.</p></div> - -<p>The duke, after he had read the bill of his accusation, made such answer, and so excused -himselfe in declaring his innocencie, that the king gaue credit to his words, and -receiued his excuse. Herewith the duke besought the king, that the frier might be kept -in safe gard, till the time came that he might purge himselfe of that he had charged him -with; and that the lord Iohn Holland the kings halfe brother might haue the custodie of -him, till the day appointed that the duke should come to his full triall. The night before -which day, the said lord Holland, and sir Henrie Greene knight, came to this frier, and -putting a cord about his necke, tied the other end about his priuie members, & after -hanging him vp from the ground, laid a stone vpon his bellie, with the weight whereof, -and peise of his bodie withall, he was strangled and tormented, so as his verie backe bone -burst in sunder therewith, besides the straining of his priuie members: thus with thrée -kind of tormentings he ended his wretched life. On the morow after, they caused his -dead corps to be drawne about the towne, to the end it might appeare he had suffered -worthilie for his great falshood & treason. Which extreame punishment and exquisite -kind of execution, had it not béene meritoriouslie inflicted vpon so impudent an offender, -had deserued perpetuall record of vnaccustomed crueltie, with this vehement -exclamation, <span class="xxpn" id="p764">|764|</span></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">O fera barbaries æuo non nota priori,</p> -<p class="pversea">Sed nec apud sæuos inuenienda Scythas.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A rode into Scotland.</p> -<p>One mischief asketh another.</p></div> - -<p>But now to the parlement. At length, when the K. had obteined of the laitie a grant -of an halfe fiftéenth the same parlement was dissolued. In the summer following the -borderers of England and Scotland made rodes ech into others countries, to the great -disquieting of both the realmes. Among other rodes that the Englishmen made, shortlie -after Easter (as Froissard saith) the earles of Northumberland and Nottingham, raising -an armie of 2000 speares, and six thousand archers, entered Scotland by Rockesburgh, -burnt the countrie euen to Edenburgh, and so returned without damage. In the meane -time came messengers from the French king, to aduertise the Scots of the conclusion of -the truce. But the Scots prouoked with this last inuasion made by the Englishmen into -their countrie, would not heare of any truce, till they had in part reuenged their displesure -vpon the Englishmen: and so with certeine men of armes of France, that latelie -before were come thither, not yet vnderstanding of any truce, they roded into Northumberland, -doing what mischiefe they might: so that for the summer season of this yeare, -either part sought to indamage other (as Walsingham saith) though Froissard writeth, -that through the earnest trauell of the messengers that came to intimate the abstinence of -war taken, the parties now that their stomachs were well eased with the interchange of indamaging -either others confins, agréed to be quiet, and so the truce was proclamed in both -realmes, and accordinglie obserued.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 8.</h2> - -<p>The duke of Lācaster sent into France to treat of a peace.</p> - -<p>Iohn de Northampton late maior of London cōdemned -to perpetuall prison and all his goods confiscated.</p></div> - -<p>About the beginning of August in the eighth yéere of this kings reigne, the duke of -Lancaster went ouer againe into France, to treat of peace; but after he had remained -there a long time, & spent no small store of treasure, he returned with a truce, to indure -onelie till the first of Maie then next insuing. While the duke of Lancaster was -foorth of the relme, Iohn de Northampton, that had borne such rule in the citie of London, -whilest he was maior, and also after (as partlie ye haue heard) was accused by a -chapleine (that he had in his house) of seditious sturs, which he went about, so that being -arreigned thereof, he was in the end condemned to perpetuall prison, and the same not to -be within the space of one hundred miles at the least of the citie of London. All his -goods were confiscated, and so he was sent to the castell of Tintagill in Cornewall, and -the kings officers seized vpon his goods & cattels.  <span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> the feast of saint Martine, -a parlement was called at London, in which, monie was demanded of the cleargie and temporaltie, -towards the maintenance of the kings wars.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A combat.</p> - -<p>The appellan being vanquished, is adiudged to be hanged.</p> - -<p><i>Abraham Fleming</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> -canon of Leicester abbeie.</p></div> - -<p>During this parlement also, a combat was fought within lists betwixt an English esquier, -named Iohn Walsh, and an esquier of Nauarre that accused the said Walsh of treason, -though not iustlie, but mooued through displeasure, conceiued of an iniurie doone to him -by the same Walsh, whilest he was vnder capteine or vicedeputie (as we may call him) of -Chierburgh, in abusing the Nauarrois wife. Wherevpon when the Nauarrois was vanquished -and confessed the truth, he was adiudged by the king to be drawne vnto the place -of execution and hanged, notwithstanding that the queene and diuerse other made sute for -him.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Henrie</span> Knighton maketh report hereof in somewhat a differing maner: but -the issue of his tale falleth out to be like to the other. On a wednesdaie (saith he) at S. -Andrews tide, Iohn Wallise of Grimsbie fought in lists with Martilet of Nauarre esquier, -at Westminster, in presence of K. Richard & of Iohn the good duke of Lancaster: in so -much that the said Iohn Wallise slue his aduersarie, whervpon at the kings cōmandement -being made knight, he was inriched with manie gifts, as well of the kings and the dukes -bestowing, as also of other great men and peeres of the realme. As for Martilet, after he -was slaine, he was presentlie drawne, hanged, and headed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Berwike castell woone by the Scots.</p> - -<p>Berwike castel recouered by the earle of Northumberland.</p></div> - -<p>Furthermore before the said parlement was dissolued, newes came foorth of the north -parts, that the Scots had woone the castell of Berwike: for which the earle of Northumberland, -that was capteine thereof, was put in high blame, for that he had not committed -the kéeping thereof to more circumspect persons. The duke of Lancaster, -who bare no <span class="xxpn" id="p765">|765|</span> -good will to the said earle, was well appaid that he had so good matter to charge his -aduersarie withall, so that through his meanes the earle of Northumberland was sore -accused, and had much adoo to escape the danger of being reputed a traitor. Wherevpon -great occasion of malice and displeasure grew betwixt those two noble personages, as -after it well appeared. But howsoeuer the matter was handled, the earle was licenced by -the king to go into his countrie, and séeke to recouer possession of the castell thus latelie -lost. Wherevpon raising an armie, & besieging the Scots that were within the castell, -he so constreined them, that for the summe of 2000 marks they surrendred the fortresse -into his hands, their liues and goods saued: and so the earle of Northumberland recouered -the castell out of the Scotishmens hands, being taught to commit it to more warie keepers -than the other before.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1385.</div> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster getteth him to his castell -of Pomfret, and fortifieth it.</p> - -<p>The princesse of Wales maketh an atonement -betwéene the king and the duke of Lancaster.</p></div> - -<p>The king being incensed against the duke of Lancaster, meant that he should haue béene -arrested and arreigned of certeine points of treason before sir Robert Trissillian cheefe -iustice (as Thomas Walsingham saith) and peraduenture there might be some such report, -that such was the kings meaning: but yet how this may stand, considering he was -to be tried by his peeres, in case that any the like matter had beene pretended, I sée not. -But how soeuer it was, he being warned thereof by some of the councell, got him to his -castell of Pomfret, which he fortified, and banded himselfe so with his fréends, that it -appeared he would defend his cause with force of armes, rather than to come to his triall -by order of law afore such a iudge: and by reason hereof, it was greatlie doubted, least -some ciuill warre would haue broken foorth. But through the earnest labour of the -kings mother, that (notwithstanding hir indisposition of bodie to trauell, by reason of hir -corpulencie) riding to and fro betwixt them, made an agréement betwixt the king -hir sonne, and the duke, to hir great comfort and contentation of mind, and no lesse -suertie of quietnesse to the whole realme.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The ships of Portsmouth & Dartmouth did better -seruice than the kings great nauie.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time the French king had a great fléet of ships in Flanders, so that it -was doubted least he meant some inuasion into England. Wherevpon there was sent to -the sea the lord of S. Iohns, and sir Thomas Percie with a strong nauie, but they did no -good, suffering the French fléet diuerse times to passe by them, and not once offering to -set vpon them. But the ships of Portesmouth & Dertemouth, bestirred themselues better: -for entering into the riuer of Saine, they drowned foure of their enimies ships, and tooke -other foure, with a barke of the lord Clissons, one of the fairest that was to be found -either in France or England. In these vessels the Englishmen had a rich preie of wines, -and other merchandizes.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> king vpon some occasion tooke great displeasure -against William Courtnie archbishop of Canturburie, so storming against him, as few -durst speake anie thing in his excuse. The lord chancellor Michaell de la Poole seeming -to fauour his cause, was likelie to haue run in high displeasure. Sir Thomas Triuet, and -sir Iohn Deuereux intreating for him, were sore rebuked at his hands. Yet at length, -after that the archbishop was withdrawne, and had kept him close for a time, he was -thorough mediation of some fréends reconciled to the kings fauour.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Iac. Meir.</i></p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> -<p>The French king aideth -Scots against Englishmen.</p> - -<p>The Scots inuade the frontiers of England.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 9.</h2> - -<p>The K. goeth with an armie against the Scots.</p> - -<p>Variance betwéene sir Iohn Hollands seruāts -and the lord Richard Stafford.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time the French king sent into Scotland the admerall of France, with a -thousand men of armes, knights, and esquiers, besides crossebowes and other to ioine with -the Scots, and to make warres in England. The Scots incouraged with this new aid, sent -to them out of France, leuied a power, & so togither with the Frenchmen, entered into the -English confines, and began to rob & spoile, and further tooke certeine castels and houses -of defense. The king of England aduertised hereof, assembled an huge power of men of -warre, and first sent before him the duke of Lancaster with part of the armie, and afterward -followed himselfe, with all conuenient spéed that might be. At his comming into the -parts about Yorke, he was informed that the Scots and Frenchmen were withdrawne vpon -the duke Lancasters approch towards them, but the king thought to kéepe on his iournie. -Whilest he was lodged in those parts, a great mischance happened, by reason of variance -that fell betwixt certeine persons of the retinue of sir Iohn Holland brother vnto the earle <span class="xxpn" id="p766">|766|</span> -of Kent and halfe brother to the king, and other of the retinue of the lord Richard Stafford -sonne to the earle of Stafford.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lord Richard Stafford slaine by sir Iohn Holland.</p></div> - -<p>The cause of their falling out was about a knight of Boheme, called sir Miles, that was -come to see the queene. This knight kept companie most an end with the lord Richard -Stafford: and chancing to be at words with two of sir Iohn Hollands seruants, there came -two archers perteining to the lord Stafford, which blamed them, that were so about to -misuse the stranger in words, as they tooke it: the strife hereby grew to that point in the -end, that one of the archers shot at one of sir Iohn Hollands seruants, and slue him. -This mishap being reported to sir Iohn Holland, set him in such a furie (by reason of the -loue which he had to his seruant) that immediatlie he rushed foorth of his lodging, to -reuenge his death, and through misfortune méeting with the lord Stafford, slue him, and -doubting in what sort his déed might be taken, fled straight vnto Beuerlie, and there tooke -sanctuarie. The earle of Stafford tooke this misaduenture right heauilie, as reason was: -yet bicause he would not trouble the host, nor disappoint the iournie which they had in -hand, vpon the kings promise that he would doo vpright iustice in the matter, as should be -thought meet and conuenient, he bare his gréefe so patientlie as he might, so that he wan -himselfe much praise for his wisedome therein shewed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Hect. Boetius.</i></p> - -<p>Edenburgh burnt by king Richard.</p></div> - -<p>The king aduancing forwards with his armie, came to the borders, and entring into -Scotland, passed thorough Mers and Louthian, wasting and spoiling all the townes, houses -and villages in his waie. The abbeies of Melros, Driburgh, and Newbottell were burnt, -and those moonks and other people that were found in the same were slaine. At his comming -to Edenburgh, he found all the people fled out of the towne, but the houses and -buildings he consumed with fire, togither with the church of saint Giles. At the humble -sute of his vncle the duke of Lancaster, Holie rood house was preserued from hurt, for -that the same duke in time of the rebellion of the commons here in England, was lodged -in that house, and found much gentlenesse and fréendship in the abbat and conuent; so -that he could doo no lesse than requite them with kindnesse, at whose hands he found -kindnesse; for we are bound in conscience to tender them by whome we haue béene -benefited (vnlesse we will be counted vnciuill, according to the old adage)<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Arbor honoretur cuius nos vmbra tuetur.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The French admerall persuadeth the Scots to fight with the English host.</p> - -<p>Cumberland sore spoiled by the Scots.</p></div> - -<p>Thus when the king had reuenged the displeasure afore receiued at the Scots and -Frenchmens hands, (and remained in Edenburgh fiue daies) he returned without proffer -of battell, or anie notable incounter. The admerall of France was earnestlie in hand -with the Scotish lords to persuade them to haue giuen battell to the English armie, till he -and diuerse other knights of France were brought to the top of a mounteine, from whence -they might behold all the English armie, as the same passed vnderneath them by a passage -that laie by the foot of that mounteine: for after that they had viewed the puissance of -the Englishmen, and (as neere as they could) numbered them, they had no such eger minds -to fight with them as before, for they esteemed them to be six thousand men of armes, and -threescore thousand archers, and other men of warre; where the Scots and Frenchmen -were not past a thousand speares, and thirtie thousand of all other sorts, and the most part -of those but euill armed. Therefore they determined vpon an other point, which was -to inuade England in an other quarter, whilest the Englishmen burnt vp their countrie, -and so they set forward towards the west borders, and passing ouer the mounteins that -diuide Northumberland from Scotland, they entered into Cumberland, dooing much hurt -in the lands that belonged to the lord Mowbraie, to the earles of Notingham, and Stafford, -to the baron of Graistocke, and to the Musgraues.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Carleill assalted by the Scots.</p> - -<p>Good counsell neglected.</p></div> - -<p>Lastlie, they came to Carleill, and boldlie assalted the citie: but sir Lewes Clifford, and -sir Thomas Musgraue, Danie Holgraue, and diuerse other worthie capteins being within -it, so defended the walles and gates, that their enimies got small aduantage: and finallie -hearing that the English armie was returning homewards, the Scots and Frenchmen drew -backe into Scotland, doubting to be inclosed by the Englishmen, as they had béene in deed, <span class="xxpn" id="p767">|767|</span> -if the duke of Lancaster and his brethren (vncles to the king) might haue béene beleeued, -who counselled the king to pursue the enimies, and stop the passages through which they -must needs passe in their comming backe. But the earle of Oxenford being most in fauour -and credit with the king in those daies, as one that ruled all things at his pleasure, did -aduise him to the contrarie, by putting him in beléefe (as was said) that his vncles went -about to bring him in danger to be lost and surprised of his enimies, wherevpon he tooke -the next way home, and so brake vp his iournie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Polydor.</i></p> - -<p>A noble reuenge.</p> - -<p>There were 600 Englishmē who with their bowes did great -seruice as by one author it appeareth.</p> - -<p>The king of Portingale sendeth six gallies to K. Richards aid.</p></div> - -<p>When the Scots and Frenchmen were returned into Scotland, the Scotish king hauing -conceiued a iust displeasure towards the French admerall, for that by his meanes the -realme of Scotland had susteined such damage in that season, caused him and his Frenchmen -to be despoiled of the most part of their goods, and sent them so awaie out of his -countrie, that the Scots might receiue some comfort by those warres. In this yeare was -the battell of Algeberota in Portingale, where king Iohn of Portingale discomfited a great -host of Spaniards and Frenchmen by the helpe and policie of certeine Englishmen which -he had there with him, vnder the leading of two esquiers Norberie and Hartell. There -were slaine diuers earls & great lords of Spaniards, but for that our writers do not rightlie -note the Spanish names, but write them corruptlie as strangers vse to doo, we here omit -them. The king of Portingale (after this victorie obteined against his enimies) sent six -gallies vnto the king of England to aid him against his aduersaries, the which were well -receiued and highlie made of by the Londoners and other, so that the Portingales had no -cause to repent of their comming hither.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A good victorie of them of Calis against the French fléet.</p> - -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p></div> - -<p>The French king this yeare besieged and wan the towne of Dam, after he had béene at -great charges about it. Whilest his nauie returned from Scluis, where the same had laien -at anchor a long time, the ships by tempest were scattered & wether-driuen, so that in the -feast daie of the exaltation of the crosse, two of their gallies, a great ship, a barge, and -seuen balengers were cast on shore about Calis, & the Calisians tooke fiue hundred -Frenchmen and Normans that escaped to land. An other day 72 French ships as they -were comming from Scluis, to passe by Calis, were met with by them of Calis, who behaued -themselues so manfullie, that they tooke 18 of those French ships, and a great barke, -in which thrée score armed men were slaine before it could be taken. Within three daies -after this, the Calisians met 45 other French ships, and after six houres fight obteined the -victorie, taking thrée of the most principall vessels, whereof one being a hulke of Eastland -was hired by the Normans, to gard the residue. The other two that were taken were of -such mold, that they could not enter into the hauen at Calis, and therefore were sent to -Sandwich, the one of them being a new ship, which the lord Clisson had bought at Scluis, -paieng for hir 3000 franks.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Henrie</span> Knighton saith it was prised or valued at 20000 -florens, it was so tall, big, and large a vessell; and therefore of great capacitie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Calisians & others make a rode into France & win great booties.</p> - -<p><i>Fabian.</i></p> - -<p>Creation of dukes and earles at the parlement.</p> - -<p>Henrie of Bollingbrooke earle of Derbie afterwards king.</p></div> - -<p>On saint Denise daie the soldiors of Calis and other English fortresses thereabouts, -made a secret iournie into France, and got a bootie of foure thousand shéepe, and three -hundred head of great cattell, which they droue towards their holds; and as the lord de -Rambures gouernour of Bullongne would haue recouered the preie, he was vnhorssed with -the rencounter of an English speare, and being relieued by his companie, and mounted -againe, withdrew himselfe, not attempting to trie any further masteries, and so the Englishmen -safelie passed foorth with their bootie of cattell, and aboue a hundred good prisoners -which they had taken at this rode. In this 9 yeare about the feast of S. Martine, the -king called his high court of parlement at Westminster, in the which amongst other things -there concluded, he created two dukes, a marques, and fiue earles. First Edmund Langlie -earle of Cambridge the kings vncle was created duke of Yorke, Thomas of Woodstoke -his other vncle earle of Buckingham was created duke of Glocester, Robert Véere earle of -Oxford was made marques of Deuelin, Henrie of Bollingbrooke sonne and heire to Iohn -of Gaunt duke of Lancaster was created earle of Derbie: Edward Plantagenet sonne and -heire to the Duke of Yorke was made earle of Rutland, Michaell lord de la Poole <span class="xxpn" id="p768">|768|</span> -chancellor of England was created earle of Suffolke, & sir Thomas Moubraie earle of Notingham -was made earle marshall.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lord Mortimer erle of March proclamed heire apparent to the crowne.</p> - -<p>The earle of March slaine by the wild Irish.</p> - -<p>The issue of the foresaid earle of March.</p></div> - -<p>Also by authoritie of this parlement, Roger lord Mortimer earle of March, sonne and -heire of Edmund Mortimer earle of March and of the ladie Philip eldest daughter and -heire vnto Lionell duke of Clarence, third sonne to king Edward the third, was established -heire apparant to the crowne of this realme, and shortlie after so proclaimed. The which -earle of March, anon after the end of the same parlement, sailed into Ireland to his lordship -of Vlster, whereof he was owner by right of his said mother: but whilest he remained -there to pacifie the rebellions of the wild Irish, a great number of them togither assembled, -came vpon him and slue him, togither with the most part of his companie. This Roger -earle of March had issue Edmund, Roger, Anne, Ales, & Eleanor, which Eleanor was -made a nunne. The two sonnes died without issue, and Anne the eldest of the daughters -was married to Richard earle of Cambridge, sonne vnto Edmund of Langlie before remembred: -the which Richard had issue by the said Anne, a son called Richard, that was -after duke of Yorke, and father to king Edward the fourth; also a daughter named Isabell, -afterwards married to the lord Bourcher. This Richard earle of Cambridge was put to -death by Henrie the fift, as after ye shall heare.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, in this yeare Henrie of Bollingbrooke earle of Derbie married the daughter -and heire of Humfrie Bohun earle of Hereford, in whose right he was after made duke of -Hereford, and by hir he had issue Henrie that after him was king of this realme, the ladie -Blanch duches of Bar, and the ladie Philip married to the king of Denmarke: also Thomas -duke of Clarence, Iohn duke of Bedford, and Humfrie duke of Glocester.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> -Gauntiners still mainteined warre against the earle of Flanders during his life, and after his -deceasse against Philip duke of Burgogne, by such aid and comfort as they had from time -to time of the king of England, till finallie this yeare about the eightenth daie of December, -a peace was concluded betwixt the said duke and the towne of Gaunt: and sir Iohn -Bourchier that had laine a long season there, as capteine vnder the K. of England, and -Peter de Bois one of the chéefe capteins of the Gauntiners (before the concluding of this -peace) was safelie conducted to Calis by vertue of the duke of Burgogne his safe conduct, -and so they came ouer into England, and the king gaue vnto Peter de Bois a pension of -an hundred marks sterling, yearelie to be paid to him out of the staples of the woolles in -London.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king of Armenia cōmeth into England for aid against the Turks.</p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>This yeare king Richard holding his Christmasse at Eltham, thither came to him Leo -king of Armenia, whose countrie and realme being in danger to be conquered of the Turks, -he was come into those west parts of christendome for aid and succour at the hands of -the christian princes here. The king honorablie receiued him, and after he had taken -counsell touching his request, he gaue him great summes of monie and other rich gifts, -with a stipend (as some write) of a thousand pounds yearely to be paid to him during his -life. After he had remained here two moneths space, he tooke leaue of the king and departed. -The chiefest point of his errand was, to haue procured a peace betwixt the two -kings of England and France, but destinie would not permit so good a purpose to take -effect: for the hatred which either nation bare to other, would not suffer their loftie minds -to yeeld in any one point, further than seemed good in their owne opinions.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i> <i>Froissard.</i> <i>Ia. Meir.</i></p> - -<div class="fsize4">1386.</div> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster goeth into Spaine with an armie.</p></div> - -<p>In this ninth yeare of king Richard (though by other writers it should séeme to be -rather in the yeare following) the duke of Lancaster with a great power of men of warre -went into Spaine, and lead with him thither his wife the ladie Constance, & a daughter -which he had by hir named Katharine, and two other daughters which he had by his former -wife. He had béene about the preparing of an armie, and all furniture necessarie -for this iournie two or thrée yéeres before, and therefore hauing now seauen gallies and -eightéene ships sent to him out of Portingale (which arriued at Bristow) he caused all such -vessels as he had prouided to resort likewise thither, where making his generall assemblie, -when all his men of warre were come togither, he bestowed them aboord, with all their <span class="xxpn" id="p769">|769|</span> -horsses and purueiances, and causing sailes to be hoissed vp, set forward on his long -wished iournie. This was in the moneth of Maie, when the seas were calme, the aire -swéet, and the winds pleasant and agréeable to his purpose. He appointed for admerall -of his whole fléet sir Thomas Percie; and sir Iohn Holland that was after created earle -of Huntington and had married one of his daughters was ordeined constable of the -hoast; and sir Thomas Moreaux hauing married his bastard daughter was one of his -marshals.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>In Angl. prælij.</i></p></div> - -<p>There were that attended him in this iournie manie other lords and knights of honor, -as the lord Lucie, the lord Talbot, the lord Basset, the lord Willoughbie, the lord Fitz -Walter, the lord Poinings, the lord Bradston, the lord of Pōmiers a Gascoigne, the lord -Yonne fitz Warren, Henrie lord Beaumont, William lord Beauchampe, sir Richard -Burlie that was another of the marshals of the armie, sir Hugh Spenser, sir William -Windsore, sir Iohn Daubreticourt, sir Hugh Hastings, sir William Farrington, sir -Thomas Tresham, sir Mauburin de Liniers, sir Thomas Worcester, sir Iohn Sowtrie, sir -Robert Clinton, sir Philip Tirrell, sir Lewes Rochester, Huguelin Caluerlie, Dauid -Holgraue, Thomas Alerie, Hobequin Beaucester, and diuerse other: they were in all to -the number of fifteene hundred men of armes, whereof a thousand at the least were -knights and esquiers, besides foure thousand archers, and other men of warre, so perfectlie -appointed and arraied, as could be thought méet and conuenient. Of this chosen -companie attendant vpon the duke of Lancaster, & of this his voiage into Spaine, the -said C. Okland speaketh no lesse trulie & according to the report of our annales, than -honorablie:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Ocyus instructa pro bello classe futuro,</p> -<p class="pverse">Milite stipatus generoso traijcit æquor</p> -<p class="pverse">Fluctisonum, cum vxore pia natísq; duabus, &c.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ Henrie</span> -Knighton reporteth of this voiage as followeth, in somewhat a differing sort -from this alreadie laid downe. On Easter daie (saith he) Iohn the duke of Lancaster -with his wife came to the king, to take their leaue; to the which duke the king gaue a -crowne of gold, and the quéene likewise gaue another crowne of gold to the duchesse. -Besides this, the king commanded his people that they should call him king of Spaine, and -doo him honour in all things. He had with him a power of 20000 chosen men; of which -number noted in the marshals bill or scrool, 2000 were men of armes, and 8000 were -archers.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> -<p>The duke of Lancaster landeth at -Brest and winneth two bastides from the Frenchmen.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 10.</h2> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster landeth at Groigne. -<i>Froissard.</i> Le Groigne Corone.</p> - -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p></div> - -<p>As they passed by Britaine, they landed at Brest, the capteine whereof, at that time -named sir Iohn Rooche, finding himselfe greatlie annoied by the Frenchmen that were -lodged in two bastides erected before the castell, declared to the duke in what state he -stood. Wherevpon he caused the said bastides to be assailed, which was doone by the -lord Fitz Walter, and others, who bare themselues so manfullie, that the bastides were -woone, broken downe, and a great preie with prisoners obteined, although not without -losse of diuerse valiant personages. Thus were they within Brest castell deliuered of -their vnfreendlie neighbours by the duke of Lancaster and his people. Who hauing doone -their feat tooke the seas, and sailed foorth till they came on the coasts of Gallis, where -on S. Laurence eeuen, they arriued in the hauen of Groigne, otherwise called Coron, -and there they vnshipped all their prouisions, determining to inuade the countrie on that -side.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Héere,</span> bicause it is not vnprofitable to know the absolute truth of things doone, -by the collection of writers, I haue translated the beseeging of Brest, as the same is set -downe by Henrie Knighton in his annales, in a larger and more ample sort, with a fuller -certificat of circumstances than hath hitherto béene declared. At the same time (saith he) -the duke of Britaine had laid siege both by sea and land, to a certeine towne in Britaine, -in old time subiect to the king of England, which was called Brest, with a great multitude -of Frenchmen and Britains. Now on the twelfth of the kalends of Iulie, he began to build -a fort before the said towne of Brest, of a woonderful bignesse, the walles thereof being <span class="xxpn" id="p770">|770|</span> -ten foot thicke, and seauen towres about it. A thousand workmen did worke daie by -daie vpon it, and to defend the said workemen (that they might not be hindered in their -businesse by the citizens) ten thousand fighting men were appointed. So that this fort -was begun and ended in ninetéene daies space, and called the Doouehouse, bicause a -doouehouse stood in the same place before. Furthermore he stored this fort with all -necessaries, as vittels, armour, guns, and other engins, and he placed therein as capteine -of the warriors the lord Iohn Maletret with a hundred and fiftie armed men, and as -manie other soldiors, the whole number being thrée -hundred.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The good duke of Lancaster hauing knowledge hereof, directed his fléet or nauie towards -the hauen of Brest, where when he had arriued, they all fled from the siege, both -by sea and land, those onlie, which were in the fort, remaining behind. Now the prior -of S. Iames in Calis desired the good duke that he might giue the first assault against the -fort; who taking the repulse with his retinue, he ceased and gaue ouer. In like sort did -manie more giue the assault to the same for the space of two daies and more: in somuch -that some digging vnder the wals, and vndermining the foundations of one towre, -the same fell downe vpon sir Robert Swinarton a valiant knight of Staffordshire, and -manie more, among whome was Iohn de Bolton a couragious gentleman and an esquier -by degree of Yorkeshire. As for those that were vpon the towre, they also came tumbling -downe, and were presentlie slaine.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Philip the duke of Lancasters daughter married to the king of Portingale.</p></div> - -<p>In the meane time the lord Maletret gardian of the fort, sent word to the duke of -Lancaster, that he would yeeld and surrender the hold into his hands vpon condition, -that he and all his might freelie depart with such armour, goods, chatels and victuals as -they had reposed and laid vp in store for their necessarie prouision: wherevnto the good -duke (as he was alwaies good) verie gentlie agréed; vpon condition also, that before their -departure, they should ruinate the said fort, and laie it eeuen with the ground; and -should likewise allow and paie him towards his costs and charges defraied in the siege of -the same, twentie thousand scutes of gold. Then might you sée the people flocking from -all parts of the countrie, some with beires, some with cabbins, some with carts, and some -with crutches to fetch awaie the dead and the wounded: in so much that there was not -one, either slaine outright, or deadlie maimed, for whome his freends did not mone and -lament. Yea, the lord Maletret himselfe was so mangled and hurt, that he could not go -on his legs, but as he leaned on mens shoulders, and was borne vp on either side. It -was reported, that manie dead bodies were hidden in heaps of salt, to the end that the -Englishmen should not glorie and triumph in the multitude of the slaine, of whome [in -sight] the number amounted to aboue 150. Thus farre goeth Henrie Knighton, whose -report giueth no small light to the matter vnder hand. After the duke had remained a -moneth at Groigne, he went to Compostella, and there soiourned for a season, during the -which, his constable sir Iohn Holland woone diuerse townes and fortresses which the -enemies kept: diuerse yeelded to the duke with better will, for that the duchesse his -wife was there with him, whom they knew to be right inheritour to the realme.  <span class="nowrap">¶ At</span> -Mouson a towne on the confines betwixt Spaine and Portingale, the king of Portingale and -the duke of Lancaster met, where they communed and tooke counsell togither for the -more spéedie proceeding in their enterprise against their aduersaries of Castile. Also -there was a mariage concluded betwixt the said king of Portingale, and the ladie Philip -daughter to the said duke, which marriage shortlie after was wholie consummated, the -said ladie being first married by procuration at Compostella, and after sent into Portingale -right honorablie accompanied.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king of Portingale & the duke of Lancaster -ioining their armies togither inuade Castile.</p></div> - -<p>The duke continued at Compostella all the winter season, till towards March, and -then (according to appointment taken betwixt him, and the king of Portingale, at their -being togither at Mouson, for their iournie to be made into Castile) the said king assembled -an armie of a thousand men of armes, and ten thousand other souldiers, with -the which entring the confines of Castile, he first tooke the towne of Feroule, and after <span class="xxpn" id="p771">|771|</span> -ioining with the duke, who had in the meane while by his marshall taken the townes of -Ruelles, Ville Lopes, Pounceuoide, Dighos, Baionne in la Maroll, Ribadan, Maures, -Basanses, and Orens, with others in the countrie of Gallis, they marched foorth with -their whole powers both togither, and passing ouer the riuer of Dure, entered into the -countrie de Campo.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Variance amongst writers.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ Here</span> -the English writers make mention of a battell, which the constable of Castile -should giue to the duke, and that the victorie remained on the dukes side, and the -Spaniards chased out of the field. But Froissard (who liued in those daies, and learned -that which he wrote of those that were with the duke in his iournie) maketh no remembrance -of any such thing, but that contrarilie the king of Castile folowing the aduise of -such Frenchmen as were sent into Spaine to aid him, caused all the riches of the countrie -to be brought into the walled townes and fortresses, which he stuffed with men of warre, -to defend them from the Englishmen and Portingales; and further to cut off their vitels, -and to kéepe them from hauing forage abroad in the countrie, vnlesse such as were sent -were garded with the greater troops for their suertie and defense.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Great death in the English host in Spaine by -reason of the great heat of that countrie.</p></div> - -<p>Thus bestowing the most part of all such men of warre, both Frenchmen and Spaniards, -as he could make in places most conuenient for that purpose, he fullie determined -not to giue battell till his enimies had wearied themselues in keeping of the fields, -and that a new power was come to his aid out of France, which he dailie looked for. By -which means it came to passe, that the Englishmen not vsed to such hot aire as they -found in those parts in that season of the yeare (for it was about Midsummer) fell dailie -into manie perillous diseases, whereof no small number died; and other became so -faint, that they were not able to helpe themselues, that to consider the miserie in which -they were, it would haue rued the harts of their verie foes. Herevpon was the duke constreined -to fall to a communication for a peace, which in the end was accorded, though -not at this instant.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Froissard.</i> The lord Fitz Walter. I thinke that none of -these thrée were barons but onlie the lord Poinings.</p></div> - -<p>Howbeit a truce was granted, in such wise as it might be at the Englishmens choise to -returne into their countrie, either by sea or by land, thorough France. Such as passed -through Spaine to France, had safe conducts sealed and signed by the king of Spaine; -but scarse the halfe of those that came out of England with the duke, returned thither -againe, they died so fast, aswell after the breaking vp of their campe, as before. -Amongst other, there died before the breaking vp of the campe, one of the greatest barons -of all the companie, named the lord Fitz Walter; and afterwards within the towne of -Ville Arpent, there died (as Froissard saith) three great barons of England, and men of -great possessions: sir Richard Burlie a knight of the garter, who had béene as it were -high marshall of the armie, the lord Poinings, and sir Henrie Percie cousine germane to -the earle of Northumberland.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster returneth out of Portingale into Gascoigne.</p></div> - -<p>In the towne of Noie deceassed sir Mauburin de Liniers a Poictouin, and in the towne -of Ruelles died the lord Talbot, and so here and there (saith Froissard) there died in all -all twelue great lords, foure score knights, two hundred esquiers, and of the meaner sort of -souldiers aboue fiue hundred. After that the armie was broken vp, the duke of Lancaster and -the duchesse his wife went into Portingale, and there remained a season, and then taking the -sea, sailed to Baionne in the marshes of Gascoigne, where he rested a long time after.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> this meane while, there was communication and offers made for a marriage to be -had betwixt the duke of Berrie, vncle to the French king; and the ladie Katharine -daughter to the duke of Lancaster, and of the duchesse his wife the ladie Constance.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A marriage concluded betwéene the prince of -Spaine, and the duke of Lancasters daughters. <i>Fabian.</i></p> - -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie -Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p> - -<p><i>In Angl. prælijs sub Rich. 2.</i></p></div> - -<p>When the king of Spaine vnderstood of that treatie, he began to doubt, least if that -marriage tooke place, it might turne to his disaduantage; and therefore to be at quietnesse -with the duke of Lancaster, whose puissance he doubted, and whose wisdome he -perfectlie vnderstood, by politike meanes and earnest sute, at length concluded a peace -with him on this wise. That his eldest son Henrie should haue in mariage the ladie Katharine -daughter to the duke of Lancaster, begot on his wife the duchesse Constance, and <span class="xxpn" id="p772">|772|</span> -be intituled price of Austurgus. In consideration of which marriage to be had, and all -claimes to ceasse, which the duke in right of his wife might chalenge or pretend; it was -agreed, that the said duke should receiue yearelie the summe of ten thousand marks, to -be paid to him, or to his assignes in the citie of Baionne in Gascoigne, during the terme -of the liues of the said duke and duchesse; and further to haue in hand the summe of -two hundreth thousand nobles.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Henrie</span> Knighton in his relation of this composition -betwéene these persons of great estate, dooth say, that it was told him by one of the good -duke of Lancasters owne houshold, and attendant vpon him in this voiage into Spaine, -that the Spanish king did send seuen and fortie mules loden with coffers full of gold for -the second paiment wherevpon they were agréed. As touching the first paiment (saith -Knighton) I asked no question of the partie. So that (besides the annuitie, which mine -author reporteth to be 16000 thousand marks, during the parties liues iointlie, and 12000 -marks, if it fortuned that the dukes daughter should suruiue and outliue hir husband) it -should séeme there were other large allowances, which if they were (as it is likelie) after -this rate, it was a right roiall munificence. And to this report of Knighton dooth Ch. -Okland make a kind of allusion, who speking of the conditions of peace betweene the -duke of Lancaster, and the king of Spaine, saith:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Causæ diffidens extemplò Hispanus, agebat</p> -<p class="pverse">De pace, acceptis & conditionibus, offert</p> -<p class="pverse">Argenti ac auri plaustrorum protinùs octo</p> -<p class="pverse">Iustum onus, argentíque decem soluenda quotannis</p> -<p class="pverse">Millia nummorum, &c.</p> -</div></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">The -aforesaid agreement and marriage was not concluded, till about the thirteenth yeare -of king Richards reigne, so that in the meane while manie incidents chanced in England -and in other regions, which in their time and places shall be touched, as to purpose -serueth.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Iacob. Meir. Froissard.</i></p> - -<p>A mightie great nauie of French ships at Sluis -purposing to inuade Englād.</p></div> - -<p>And first it is not to be forgotten, that the Frenchmen neuer shewed more vanitie -than they did this yeare, since the linage of the Capetes began first to rule in France. -All the ships that they could prouide from the confines of Spaine, vnto the mouth of the -Rhene, all alongst the coast, they assembled at Sluis and thereabouts, and made so great -preparation for the warre, that the like had not béene heard of (meaning, as they boasted, -and made their vants) to passe ouer into England, and to deuoure the whole countrie, -in dooing sacrifice to the soules of their elders with the bloud of the English people. -Howbeit these words were wind, & to them accorded the prouerbe,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Parturiunt montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.</p> -</div></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">There were numbred in the moneth of September about Sluis, Dam, and Blankberke 1287 -ships, besides those which were rigged in Britaine by the constable, who had caused an -inclosure of a field to be made of timber, like railes or barriers, that when they were -landed in England, they might therewith inclose their field, and so lodge more at suertie, -and when they remooued, it was so made with ioints, that they might take it vp in péeces -and easilie conueie it with them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The description of the inclosure.</p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wal.</i></p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i> The prouision of <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> Englishmen -to resist <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> great power of Frenchmen.</p></div> - -<p>This inclosure or wall of wood was twentie foot in height, and conteined in length or -in compasse, when it was set vp, three thousand pases, and at the end of euerie twelue -pases stood a turret able to receiue ten men, that was higher than the rest of the wall by -ten foot at the least. There were appointed to haue passed ouer in those ships twentie -thousand men of armes, twentie thousand crosbowes, and twentie thousand other men of -warre. To haue séene the great apparell, furniture and prouision, the shipping, trussing, -bearing, and carrieng to and fro of things needfull for this iournie, a man might haue -maruelled; for suerlie the like hath sildome beene remembred. All that was doone there -on that side of the sea by the Frenchmen, was notified into England, so that the Frenchmen -were not more occupied to prepare themselues to inuade England, than the Englishmen -were to make themselues readie to defend their countrie from all danger of enimies; so <span class="xxpn" id="p773">|773|</span> -that euerie hauen towne, especiallie alongst the west south, and east coasts, were kept -and warded with notable numbers of armed men and archers.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie -Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ Notwithstanding</span> -the great confidence which the French king reposed in the fortification -which he had imbarked, thinking thereby to haue wrought great woonders, to the -discomfiture of the English: yet (contrarie to his expectation) it so fortuned, that about -Michaelmas, the lord William Beauchampe capteine of Calis tooke two ships; whereof -one was loden with a péece of the said inclosure or wall of wood, and in the same ship -was the maister carpenter of the inclosure, being an Englishman borne, but banished his -countrie before that time for some offense. He also tooke another ship, wherein were -engins, guns, gunpowder & other instruments of war. Not long after this, two more -ships were taken likewise, whose burthen was parcels of the foresaid frame or inclosure: -so that three ships were met withall and seized vpon, each of them loden with one kind -of stuffe. Whereof king Richard hearing, he caused the said inclosure to be reared and -set vp about Winchelsie towne. In the meane while, namelie in September, the foresaid -armie came into Flanders, and arriued at the hauen of Sluis, intending to make their -progresse into England: but by prolonging of the time there, they were driuen to great -distresse and want of vittels: for it was reported that a loafe of bread, sold in England -for a penie, was sold there for eighteene pence, and a hens eg for a penie: so that in the -end of Nouember they returned to France, missing their purpose as much as if they had -neuer ment it.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Londoners speciallie afraid of the Frēch forces.</p></div> - -<p>There were readie within the realme at that season, in one part and other 100000 -archers, and ten thousand men of armes, besides those that were gone into Spaine with -the duke of Lancaster. All this preparation lasted for the more part of the summer, -euen till the beginning of winter: and still the French king that was come downe into -Flanders, staied for the comming of his vncle the duke of Berrie: who at length in the -moneth of Nouember came to Sluis, hauing protracted time, of purpose, that he might -by the excuse of winter, cause this iornie to be put off till another season. Wherein he -shewed more wit than all the councellors which the French king had about him: for if he -had not politikelie shifted off the matter, the king had landed here in England, to the great -danger of his person and losse of his people. And yet if we shall beléeue writers that -liued in those daies, by reason of the brute that was spred through the realme, of that -huge preparation which the French king made to inuade this land, no small feare entered -into the harts of manie, namelie of the Londoners, who (as if the enimies had beene -alredie landed) bestirred them, in making what prouision they might for their defense, -though it séemed by their manner of dooings, they stood in doubt least the whole realme -had not béene able to make sufficient resistance.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Dissention among the noblemen.</p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsin</i> A parlement at London.</p></div> - -<p>In déed diuerse were the more afraid, for that they percieued how the barons and -great lords agreed not in manie points among themselues, and so being not of one mind, -the wiser sort doubted least through their disagréeing in that troublesome time, some -danger might grow to the state of the whole realme. Notwithstanding, no small number -of others wished nothing more, than that the French king in going forward with his purpose, -might haue come ouer, not doubting but that he should haue found such a welcome, -as would haue beene little to his ease. About the feast of saint Michaell, a -parlement was called and holden at London, and withall great numbers of men of armes -& archers were appointed to come and lie about London, that they might be readie to -march foorthwith against the enimies whensoeuer it chanced them to land. Thus all the -townes and villages twentie miles in compasse round about London, were full of men of -armes and archers, lieing as it had beene in campe; and wanting both vittels and monie, -they were driuen to spoile and to take by violence what they might get. At length, after -they had laine thus to small purpose a long season, they were licenced to depart home, -with commandement to be readie to returne againe vpon the first summons. Manie of -them were constreined through necessitie, to sell their horsses, -and armour, and some <span class="xxpn" id="p774">|774|</span> -to spoile and to rob as they went homewards, not sparing what they might laie their -hands vpon. Although the men of warre were dismissed home, the parlement yet continued, -and the lords still remained at London, hearkening still for the French kings -comming.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Robert Véer marquesse of Dubline created duke of Ireland.</p></div> - -<p>The lord Robert Véer earle of Oxenford, whome the king in the last parlement had -made marquesse of Dubline, was now in this parlement created duke of Ireland: the -other lords sore enuieng so high preferment in a man that so little deserued, as they -tooke it. For by reason of the kings great affection which he bare not onelie to this noble -man, but also to the lord Michael de la Poole, whom he had latelie created earle of Suffolke, -and after aduanced him to the office of lord chancellor (as before ye haue heard) -not onelie the lords, but also the commons sore grudged at such their high preferrement, -in somuch that in this present parlement, the knights & burgesses in the lower house, -exhibited a bill against the lord chancellor, of diuerse crimes which they laid to his -charge, and so vsed the matter, with the helpe of the lords, that in the end in some -respect they had their willes against him, contrarie to the kings mind, as after may -appeare.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>And where the king had demanded a reliefe of monie towards the maintenance of his -estate, and charges of the warres, it was answered, that he néeded not any tallage of his -subiects, sith he might furnish himselfe with such a summe at the hands of the said earle, -that was iustlie indebted vnto him therein, as they were able well to prooue. But the -king was nothing herewith contented, conceiuing no small displeasure, aswell against -them of the lower house, as against the lords in the vpper, for fauouring them in the -lower, in matters that went so sore against his mind. Herevpon (as was said, whether -trulie or otherwise, the lord knoweth) by a conspiracie begun betwixt the king & such as -were most in fauour with him, it was deuised, that the duke of Glocester (as principall) -and such other lords as fauored the knights and burgesses in their sute, against the earle -of Suffolke, and were otherwise against the king in his demand of monie, should be willed -to a supper in London, there to be murthered.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Richard Exton iustlie cōmended.</p></div> - -<p>But the duke comming by some meanes to vnderstand of this wicked practise, had no -desire to take part of that supper, where such sharpe sauce was prouided, and withall -gaue warning to the residue, that they likewise should not come there, but to content -themselues with their owne suppers at their lodgings. It was said, that sir Nicholas -Brember, who had béene maior the yeare before, had promised his assistance in the -execution of this horrible fact: but thorough the commendable constancie of Richard -Exton that was maior this yeare being mooued by the king for his furtherance therein, -and denieng flatlie to consent to the death of such innocent persons, that heinous practise -was omitted. This matter being brought to light, the hatred and malice which men -bare to such councellors of the king greatlie increased, and the duke of Glocester and -such as withstood the king, dailie grew more and more into the peoples fauour.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A subsidie granted and appointed to be spent according to <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> discretion of the nobilitie.</p></div> - -<p>Howbeit at length, through the earnest sute of some of the great lords, there was -granted to the king halfe a tenth and halfe a fiftéenth, which should not be spent at the -pleasure of the prince, but by the order and appointment of the said lords, & so at length -the earle of Arundell was appointed to receiue it, to furnish him with a nauie to the seas. -But before this paiment might be granted, there was much adoo, & hard hold: for where -the said earle of Suffolke then lord chancellor, at first had demanded of the commons in -the kings name, foure fiftéens (for with lesse (said he) the king could not mainteine his -estate and the warres which he had in hand) the whole bodie of the parlement made -answer thereto, that without the king were present (for he was then at Eltham) they -could make therein no answer at all: and herewith they tooke occasion at length to say -further, that except the said earle of Suffolke were remooued from the office of chancellorship, -they would meddle no further with any act in this parlement, were it neuer of so -small importance. <span class="xxpn" id="p775">|775|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Dissention betwéene the king and the parlement house.</p> - -<p>The duke of Glocester and the bishop of Elie -sent to <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> K. at Eltham frō the whole bodie of the parlement.</p> - -<p>Their requests to the king.</p></div> - -<p>The king being aduertised hereof, sent againe to the commons, that they should send -vnto Eltham (where he laie) fortie of the wisest and best learned of the common house, -the which in the name of the whole house should declare vnto him their minds. And -then the house was in no small feare, by reason of a brute that was raised, how the king -sought meanes to intrap and destroie them that followed not his purpose. Herevpon -aswell the lords of the vpper house as the commons of the lower assembled togither, and -agréed with one consent, that the duke of Glocester, and Thomas Arundell bishop of -Elie, should in the name of the whole parlement be sent to the king vnto Eltham: which -was doone, and the king was well contented that they should come. When they came -before his presence, with humble reuerence they declared their message, which consisted -in these points: That the lords and commons assembled at that present in parlement, -besought him of his lawfull fauour, that they might liue in peace and tranquillitie vnder -him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>And oftener if néed require.</p> - -<p>The causes & conditions of a parlement.</p></div> - -<p>They further declared, that one old statute and laudable custome was approued, which -no man could denie, that the king once in the yeare might lawfullie summon his high -court of parlement, and call the lords and commons therevnto, as to the highest court of -his realme, in which court all right and equitie ought to shine as the sunne being at the -highest, whereof poore and rich may take refreshing; where also reformation ought to be -had of all oppressions, wrongs, extortions, & enormities within the realme; and there the -king ought to take counsell with the wise men of his realme, for the maintenance of his -estate, and conseruation of the same. And if it might be knowen that any persons within -the realme or without, intended the contrarie; there must also be deuised how such -euill weeds may be destroied. There must also be studied and foreséene, that if any -charge doo come vpon the king and realme, how it may be honorablie borne and discharged.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Absence of the king from the parlement for the space of 40 daies.</p> - -<p>The kings answer.</p></div> - -<p>Further, they declared that till that present, his subiects (as was thought) had louinglie -demeaned themselues towards him, in aiding him with their substance to the best of their -powers, & that their desire was to vnderstand how those goods were spent. And further -they said, they had one thing to declare vnto him, how that by an old ordinance it was -enacted, that if the king should absent himselfe fourtie daies, not being sicke, and refuse -to come to the parlement, without regard to the charges of his people, and their great -paines, they then may lawfullie returne home to their houses: and therefore sith he had -béene absent a long time, and yet refused to come among them, it was greatlie to their -discomfort. To this the king (as we find) made this answer: “Well, we do perceiue -that our people and commons go about to rise against vs: wherefore we thinke we cannot -doo better than to aske aid of our cousine the French king, and rather submit vs vnto him -than to our owne subiects.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Wealth of the people is the glorie of the prince and suertie of his reigne.</p></div> - -<p>The lords answered, that it should not be good for him so to doo, but a waie rather to -bring him into extreame danger, sith it was plaine inough, that the French king was his -ancient enimie and greatest aduersarie, who if he might once set foot in the realme of -England, he would rather despoile and dispossesse the king of his kingdome, than put his -helping hand to relieue him. He might (they said) call to remembrance, how his noble -progenitour king Edward the third, his grandfather, and prince Edward his father had -trauelled in heat and cold, with great anguish and troubles incessantlie, to make a conquest -of France, that rightfullie apperteined vnto them, and now to him, in which wars -he might likewise remember how manie lords, noble men, and good commons of both -realmes had lost their liues, and what charges both the realmes likewise bare in mainteining -those warres: and now (the more pitie) greater burthens were laid vpon the necks of -the English subiects for the supportation of his charges, by reason whereof, they were so -low brought (said they) that they haue not to paie their rents, and so by such meanes was -his power decaied, his lords brought behind hand, and all his people sore impouerished. -And as that king cannot be poore that hath rich people, so cannot he be rich that -hath <span class="xxpn" id="p776">|776|</span> -poore commons. And as he tooke hurt by such inconueniences chancing through euill -councellors that were about him, so the lords and noblemen susteined no lesse hurt each -one after his estate and calling. And if remedie were not in time prouided through his -helping hand, the realme must needs fall in ruine, and the default should be imputed to -him and to those his euill councellors.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Change of officers by the parlement.</p> - -<p>The earle of Suffolke gréeuouslie charged -by the parlement house for sundrie offenses.</p></div> - -<p>By these and the like persuasions the king was induced to come to the parlement, and -according to his appointment he came indeed. Soone after his comming was Iohn Fortham -bishop of Durham discharged of his office of lord treasuror, and in his place was -appointed one Iohn Gilbert bishop of Hereford, that was a frier of the order of preachers, -a man more eloquent than faithfull, as some reported of him. Also the earle of Suffolke -was discharged of his office of lord chancellor, and Thomas Arundell bishop of Elie placed -in his roome, by whole consent of parlement. The same earle of Suffolke was charged -with manie & verie great enormious crimes, frauds, falshoods, and tresons, which he -had practised, to the great preiudice of the king and realme, and therevpon was committed -to ward in the castell of Windsore. Notwithstanding they adiudged him not to death -(as some write) nor disgraded him of the honor of knighthood, but condemned him to -paie a fine of twentie thousand marks, and also to forfeit one thousand pounds of yéerelie -rents which he had purchased.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>But other write, that notwithstanding the king was sore offended for the accusations -brought against the said earle of Suffolke and others, whome he loued, and was loth to -heare anie euill of: yet he was constreined at length, after he had shifted off the matter -by sundrie deuises, to appoint certeine persons with full power and authoritie to heare, -and in iudgment to determine those matters. The duke of Glocester therfore, and the -earle of Arundell were appointed as iudges; which (whilest the king as yet was absent, -who got him foorth of the waie of purpose, bicause he would not be present at the condemnation -of those whome he most entierlie loued and fauoured) went earnestlie in hand -with their businesse, and so at length (as Walsingham saith) the earle of Suffolke was conuicted, -& found giltie of sundrie crimes, trespasses, and naughtie parts: for which it -was thought that he deserued to lose his life & goods, but yet he was suffered (as the -same Walsingham saith) to go abroad vnder suertie, certeine great men being bound -for him in great sums of monie. But what order soeuer was taken for the punishment -of him, sure it is he was displaced from his office of chancellorship, as before yée haue -heard.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Thirtéene lords appointed by parlement to haue the -gouernement of the realme vnder the king.</p></div> - -<p>Furthermore, the lords, and other estates in this parlement, considering that through -couetousnesse of the new deposed officers, the kings treasure had béene imbezeled, lewdlie -wasted, & prodigallie spent, nothing to his profit: there were in this parlement thirteene -lords chosen, to haue ouersight vnder the king of the whole gouernment of the realme, as -by their commission in the statutes of the tenth yeare of this king it dooth in the booke of -statutes at large appeare. Of those thirteene there were thrée of the new officers named, -as the bishop of Elie lord chancellor, the bishop of Hereford lord treasuror, and Nicholas -abbat of Waltham lord keeper of the priuie seale: the other ten were these, William -archbishop of Canturburie, Alexander archbishop of Yorke, Edmund Langlie duke of -Yorke, Thomas duke of Glocester, William bishop of Winchester, Thomas bishop of -Excester, Richard earle of Arundell, Richard lord Scroope, and Iohn lord Debereux. -But this participation of the gouernement fell out to be inconuenient, as by processe -of the storie shall appeare, euen to those vnto whome it was allotted: so that no small -a doo happened among them and their partakers: according to the old prouerbe, which -saith;<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Væ sibi quando canes veniunt os rodere plures.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king of Armenia sueth for a safe -conduct to come into England which is denied him.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, at the kings instance and earnest sute it was granted, that Robert de Veer -late marquesse of Dubline, and now newlie created duke of Ireland, should haue and -receiue to his owne vse thirtie thousand marks, that the Frenchmen were -to giue for the <span class="xxpn" id="p777">|777|</span> -heires of the lord Charles de Blois, that remained here in England, which Charles in times -past chalenged as his righfull inheritance the dutchie of Britaine, against the earle of -Montfort. This grant was made to the duke of Ireland, with condition, that being furnished -with this monie, he should passe ouer into Ireland, before the next Easter, there to -recouer such lands as the king had giuen to him. For aswell the lords as the commons -were so desirous to haue him gone, that they wished the realme rather to spare so much -treasure, than to haue his presence about the king, to allure him to follie. The same -time the king of Armenia sued for a safe conduct to come againe ouer into this land, to -speake with the king as it had been about the moouing of some peace betwixt the two -realms of England and France; but sith his meaning was suspected to be to no good end, -but to benefit himselfe by receiuing of some great gifts at the kings bountifull hands, his -sute was not granted.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Two of the Frēch kings ships taken with a great price in them. -Guns were inuented little more than six yeares before this time, to wit, An. 1380.</p></div> - -<p>In this meane time also, whilest the French king with such a companie of dukes, earls -and other lords, as had not béene heard of, still continued in Flanders, staieng as well for -a conuenient wind, as for the comming of the duke of Berrie; it chanced that certeine -English ships, as they wafted the seas, met with two of the French ships, that were sailing -towards Sluis, and fighting with them, tooke them, and brought them both to Sandwich. -There was found aboord the same ships, a maister gunner, that sometime had serued the -Englishmen at Calis, when sir Hugh Caluerlie was lieutenant there; also diuerse great -guns and engins to beat downe wals were found and taken in the same ships, with a great -quantitie of powder that was more worth than all the rest.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Restitution of merchants goods taken.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time, or rather somewhat before, the Englishmen also tooke certeine -hulks and six cariks of the Genowais, laden with great riches: but bicause they were -merchants, they found such fauor at the kings hands through means of Michaell de la -Poole then lord chancellor (whome they had made their fréend) that they had their vessels -and all their goods restored, and streightwaies they passed with the same vnto Sluis, where -the enimies laie, to make sale of their wares there. Wherevpon much murmuring rose -among the kings subiects, taking it in euill part, that they should be suffered so to go their -waies to releeue the enimies of the realme, with such goods as were once brought into the -Englishmens possession, and speciallie the lord chancellor was verie euill thought of, for -shewing so much fauour vnto those strangers.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The French fléet setting forward towards England -is driuen backe by contrarie winds.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The kings inordinate affection towards the duke of Ireland -and the earle of Suffolke.</p></div> - -<p>The French king still remaining in Flanders, tarieng for the comming of the duke of -Berrie, and also for a conuenient wind, at length on the euen of All saints, the wind came -about very fauourablie for the Frenchmens purpose: wherevpon they weied anchors, and -lanched from the hauen of Sluis, but they were not past twentie miles forward on their -way, when the wind suddenlie turned contrarie to their course againe, and brought them -backe with such violence, that diuerse of them as they should enter the hauen, were broken -and brused, and so by this occasion, and the counsell of the duke of Berrie togither, the -French king brake vp his iournie for that yeare, and returned into France.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Ye</span> haue -heard what was doone by the states assembled in parlement against the earle of Suffolke, -whom the most part of the realme so greatlie hated, but yet neuerthelesse, the king had -such an affection towards him, that immediatlie after the parlement was dissolued, he -vndid all that had béene enacted against him, receiuing him into more familiaritie than -before, and caused him to continue with the duke of Ireland, and Alexander Neuill archbishop -of Yorke, which two lords trauelled most earnestlie to mooue the king against the -other lords, and to disannull all that had béene doone in the last parlement.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1387.</div></div> - -<p>There increased therefore in the king an inward hatred, which he conceiued against the -lords, these men putting into his eare, that he was like no king but rather resembled the -shadow of one; saieng, it would come to passe that he should be able to doo nothing of -himselfe, if the lords might inioy the authoritie which they had taken vpon them. The -king gaue credit to these tales, and therefore had the lords in great gelousie, notwithstanding -they were thought to be his most true and faithfull subiects, and the -other craftie, <span class="xxpn" id="p778">|778|</span> -deceitfull, and vntrustie; but such an affection had the king to them, that no informations, -nor accusations, though neuer so manifestlie prooued, could bring them out of his fauour, -in so much as at the feast of Christmasse next following, he caused the earle of Suffolke -to sit with him at his owne table, in robes accustomablie appointed for kings to weare, -and not for meaner estates, which was much noted, and no little increased the enuie -against him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Arundell goeth to the sea with 500 men -of armes and a thousand archers as <i>Froissard</i> noteth.</p> - -<p>A great abuse in choise souldiers.</p></div> - -<p>About the beginning of March in this tenth yeere, Richard earle of Arundell, being -appointed lord admerall, & Thomas Mowbraie earle of Notingham, the earle of Deuonshire, -and the bishop of Norwich (as Froissard saith) went to the sea with a warlike -power of men of armes and archers, so well trimmed and appointed as was possible. For -the lord admerall vnderstanding that the duke of Glocester, and manie other noblemen -would sée the muster of his men, vsed all diligence, and spared for no costs, to haue the -most choisest and pikedst fellowes that might be gotten, not following the euill example of -others in times past, which receiued tag and rag to fill vp their numbers, whom they hired -for small wages, and reserued the residue to their pursses. And when to the aduancement -of the realms commoditie they should haue incountered the enimies, they shifted off all -occasions thereto, and onelie prolonged time, without atchiuing any enterprise auaileable, -to the end they might receiue the whole wages, and kéepe themselues from danger, which -they should hardlie haue auoided, when they had not about them such able men as were -like to match the enimies: but the earle of Arundell contrarilie got the ablest men he -might, not sparing his owne pursse, to the end that by their seruice he might atchiue some -worthie enterprise, to redound vnto the commoditie of his countrie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A good policie.</p> - -<p>A great victorie of the English nauie against the Flemish fléet, -<i>Ia. Meir.</i> <i>Tho. Walsi.</i></p></div> - -<p>After the duke of Glocester had beheld so faire and chosen a power of men of warre, -they were streightwaies appointed to get them on shipbrood, & so being imbarked, the -whole nauie passed foorth to the Thams mouth, where they staied to watch for the fléet of -Flanders, that was readie to come from Rochell with wines. At length, vpon a sundaie, -being the euen of the Annuntiation of our ladie, the Flemish fleet was discouered a good -way off, by one that was mounted into one of the tops of a ship of the English fléet. The -earle of Arundell greatlie reioising at those newes, foorthwith with his whole fléet made to -the sea. When the Flemings approched neere to our nauie, they made saile, as if they -would set vpon the same; and our men of purpose made countenance as if they would -haue retired, as mistrusting themselues to be able to match their aduersaries, who coueting -rather a safe passage than battell, passed by: but the Englishmen hauing once got the -wind fit for their purpose, suddenlie set vpon the Flemish ships, and fought with them -right fiercelie: at length, after a sore conflict which indured foure houres, the victorie fell -to the Englishmen.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Ia. Meir.</i> <i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>There were taken fourescore ships, with diuerse capteins and men of armes, namelie -their chiefe admerall, named Iohn Buicke, a perfect good seaman, and one that had aforetime -doone much hurt to the English nation. Diuerse of their ships were bouged, and -some escaped from the battell. But the earle of Arundell pursued them so egerlie for the -space of two daies togither, that at length he tooke them, and brought them backe to his -nauie, so that what in the battell and in the chase, there were taken of great and small, to -the number of an hundred vessels, all fraught with wines, so that there was found aboord -the same nine thousand tuns, or rather (as other saie) ninetéene thousand, which togither -with the vessels were streight sent vnto Orwell hauen, and to other hauens abroad in the -realme, beside that which fell to the kings share, as due to him by his prerogatiue. Part -of the Flemish fléet escaping (as before ye haue heard) was pursued vnto the hauen of -Sluis and Blankerke.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The liberalitie of the earle of Arundell.</p></div> - -<p>The citizens of Middleburgh came to the earle, and requested him that they might buie -those wines of him, and paie for the same after the rate of an hundred shillings the tunne, -alledging how they were the kings fréends, and stood in néed of wines: but the earle of -Arundell, thinking it more reason that those which had borne the charges of his iournie, <span class="xxpn" id="p779">|779|</span> -to wit, the commons of the realme of England should haue the commoditie thereof than any -other, he denied their sute. But yet to shew them some pleasure as his fréends, he gaue -them twentie tuns to make merrie with. As for that which fell to the earles share, he -vsed such bountifulnesse in bestowing it among his fréends, that he left not to himselfe so -much as one tunne. He wan therefore no small praise, that forbearing his owne commoditie, -which he might haue reaped in selling those wines to strangers, he had more -regard to the profit of the commons, whereby they might vnderstand, that that which they -had laid foorth towards the setting forward of his iournie, was not altogither lost nor cast -awaie. By this meanes (besides the commendation which he drew to himselfe) he also -wan the harts & good will of the people, whose freendship is purchased by gifts and good -déeds, sith they make profit the metrod of amitie, & bound in beneuolence with receiued -benefits, as the poet saith,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Vulgus amicitias vtilitate probat.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Diuers rodes made into Flanders by the Englishmen, & great spoile doone.</p> - -<p>Wine sold for thirtéene shillings foure pence the tun.</p> - -<p>The earle of Aurundell saileth into Britaine with a great power.</p></div> - -<p>All the countrie of Flanders neere to the sea coasts, was in great feare: for the Englishmen -landed, and euerie day went abroad into the countrie, burning diuerse townes and -villages, as Mude, Osiburge, Houckam, Monachacedam, & others. And at length, after -they had taken their pleasure in the countrie, for the space of ten daies togither, they -hoissed vp sailes, and returned with all their preie and booties, which being sold, and -vttered abroad in the realme, made wine so plentifullie here in England, that it was sold -for thirtéene shillings foure pence the tun, and twentie shillings the best and choisest. -The earle of Arundell not satisfied with his happie atchiued enterprise, but minding to -doo more seruice to the benefit of his countrie, gathered his ships together, and hiring -new souldiers to supplie the roomes of them that were hurt, maimed, or slaine, turned his -sailes towards the castell of Brest, which seemed to be a keie to the lesse Britaine, and -being (as yee haue heard) in the Englishmens possession, the Frenchmen were about -to raise vp and build farre greater and stronger bastillions, than those were that the -duke of Lancaster had taken and destroied, as he sailed forward on his iournie toward -Spaine.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Enuie <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> follower of vertue & prowesse.</p></div> - -<p>One of these two new bastiles the earle of Arundell woone by force from them that kept -it: and bicause it séemed necessarie to be kept for a defense to the castell, if it were in the -Englishmens hands, he committed it to the custodie of certeine Englishmen. The other -being not yet finished, but begun in sumptuous wise to be builded, he set on fire and -burned. This doone, furnishing the garison with sufficient vittels and munition to serue -them for one whole yeare, he returned home into England, with great praise and commendation -of the commons for his dooings. But the duke of Ireland the earle of Suffolke, -sir Simon de Burlie, and sir Richard Sturrie, that still continued about the king, -séemed rather to enuie the earle of Arundels good name, than otherwise to commend -him and others to the king, that had béene foorth in that iournie, in so much that when -the earle of Nottingham, otherwise called earle Marshall, that had béene euer the kings -plaifellow, and of equall age to him, came now to the court, hoping to be right welcome, -and to receiue great thankes at the kings hands, he had no good countenance shewed -vnto him, neither of the king, nor of the duke of Ireland, who disdaining once to talke -with him, séemed to enuie the worthie prowesse in other, which he knew defectiue and -wanting in himselfe.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lord Percie sent to the seas.</p></div> - -<p>Shortlie after, by the counsell of those lords and knights that remained about the king, -the lord Henrie Percie, sonne to the earle of Northumberland, was sent to the seas, to -beate backe the attempts of the enimies, but he was slenderlie appointed to atchiue anie -great enterprise. This was doone of some enuious purpose, bicause he had got a name -amongest the common people, to be a verie hardie and valiant gentleman, as well among -Englishmen, as Scots. But he either ignorant, or not much waieng of that which they -craftilie had imagined against him, boldlie and valiantlie executed the businesse inioined -him, and hauing remained abroad, during the whole time of his appointed seruice, <span class="xxpn" id="p780">|780|</span> -returned safelie home.  <span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> the same time, a frier Carmelite, named Walter Disse, that -had béene confessor to the duke of Lancaster, obteined in fauour of the same duke, at -pope Vrbans hands, certeine faculties, to be distributed to such as would praie & -paie for them. Among other of those faculties, one was, to make all those whom he -thought good, the popes chapleines, according to forme of law, and the custome vsed in -the court of Rome.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Frier Pateshull forsaking his profession, preacheth -openlie against his owne order.</p> - -<p>Wickleuists.</p></div> - -<p>Now bicause such as obteined this fauour, inioied great liberties, manie were glad to -bestow largelie, to be so preferred, the frier being redie to admit those that offered most. -Among other, one Peter Pateshull, a frier of the Augustines order, was made by him the -popes chapleine, a man not vnlearned, and one that fauoured Wicliffes doctrine, and -therevpon forsaking his priuate profession, gaue himselfe to a publike trade of life, which -might séeme to him more holie, commendable, and sure. Herevpon, he tooke vpon him -to preach against his owne order, namelie in a sermon which he made in saint Christophers -church in London. He inueied so earnestlie against the abuses and heinous -crimes which the friers, sometimes his brethren, vsed to put in practise, that it was an -horror to heare. There were present an hundred at the least of Wicliffes opinion at his -sermon. Now in the meane while that he so laid foorth what he knew against his late -brethren, some persons there were that ran to the Augustine friers, and declared the -whole matter; wherevpon a dozen of the hardiest and lustiest fellowes among them came -to the church, where this Pateshull was preaching, and hearing what was said, they began -to be sore mooued, insomuch that one of them more zealous in his religion than the other, -stepped foorth, and gainesaid those things which the preacher proponed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A libell by frier Pateshull against his brethren.</p></div> - -<p>When the Wicleuists perceiued this, they set vpon him that so disquieted the congregation, -and laieng hands on him, threw him downe, trode him vnder their féet, and lent him -manie a good buffet: and chasing all the other friers awaie, they were fullie bent to haue -killed them, and set their house on fier, crieng out with lowd voices; “Let vs destroie -these murtherers, let vs burne these Sodomits, and hang vp such traitors of the king and -realme.” And running thus with such a furious noise and outrage, they purposed verelie -to haue set fire on the friers lodgings, but that through the humble praier of frier Thomas -Ashborne, and one that was his fellow, being reputed for two good men, and doctors of -diuinitie, they were staied. The comming also of one of the shirifes of London holpe -much to appease them, so that by his persuasion, they returned home to their houses. -But Peter Pateshull, being mainteened among them, was counselled, sith he was interrupted -in his sermon, to set downe in writing all such matters as he was about to intreat -of, & what he knew further. He therefore deuised a libell, in which he accused diuerse -of his brethren, of murthering sundrie of their fellowes.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>And for more proofe to be giuen to his saiengs, he told the names of them that were -made awaie, and the names also of the murtherers, and shewed where those that were -murthered were buried. He affirmed further, that the said friers his brethren of late, -were Sodomits and traitors, both to the king and realme, and manie other things he declared -(too too bad) in that his writing or libell which he fastned vpon the church doore -of S. Paule in London, that the more confusion might thereby redound vnto his late -brethren, the friers aforesaid. In the beginning of the same libell he protested, that he -was got foorth of the diuels dungeon, and through the grace of God escaped from amongst -wicked and filthie persons; by reason whereof, and for that he was an auoucher of the -veritie, he said, he was sure to suffer great aduersities at the friers hands, if they might -laie hold on him. But he thanked pope Vrbane, for that through his grant he had obteined -such libertie, that by help of his fréends, he might lawfullie withdrawe himselfe -from the hands of his enimies.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The fauourers of frier Pateshull.</p></div> - -<p>There were diuerse men of good worship that mainteined this Pateshull, and caused a <span class="xxpn" id="p781">|781|</span> -transcript of this libell to be written foorth, affirming all to be true that was therein mentioned. -Amongst other that thus fauoured this cause, were diuerse knights, as sir William -Neuill, Sir Lewes Clifford, sir Iohn Clanbowe, sir Richard Sturrie, and sir Thomas -Latimer, and the chéefest of all was one sir Iohn Montacute, who caused all the images -to be taken downe and set aside in corners, which Iohn Aubreie, and his successour sir -Alane Buxhull, or any their ancestors had set vp in their chappell of Cheneleie.  <span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> -the same time, the duke of Ireland sought to be diuorsed from his lawfull wife, a trim -yoong ladie, daughter to the ladie Isabell, that was one of king Edward the third his -daughters; and tooke to wife one Lancegrone a Bohemer one of the quéenes maids; by -reason whereof, great occasion of slander and reproch grew, and diuerse lords, speciallie -the duke of Glocester, that was vncle to the ladie that was forsaken, tooke great displeasure -herewith. But sith the king allowed of all the duke of Irelands dooings, the duke of -Glocester dissembled such iniuries doone to his neece for the time, till opportunitie -might serue to reuenge the same.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Dissention betwixt the king & the nobles.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1388.</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 11.</h2></div> - -<p>The duke of Ireland vnderstood all these things, and therefore was the more circumspect -for his owne safetie, and studied how by some meanes he might dispatch the duke -of Glocester out of the waie, as the man whom he most feared; least his life should be -his destruction, by one meanes or other. Easter was now past, the time (as ye haue -heard) appointed before the which the duke of Ireland should haue transported ouer -into Ireland, & yet was he not set forward. But least somewhat might be thought in the -matter, and for feare of some stir to be raised by the lords of the realme, that wished him -gone, according to the order prescribed at the last parlement, the king as it were to bring -him to the water side, went with him into Wales, where being out of the waie, they might -deuise how to dispatch the duke of Glocester, the earles of Arundell, Warwike, Derbie, -and Notingham, with others of that faction. There were with the king, beside the duke -of Ireland, Michaell de la Poole earle of Suffolke, Robert Trisilian lord chiefe iustice, -and diuers other, which doubtfull of their owne safegards did what they could (as writers -report) to mooue the king forward to the destruction of those noblemen. After the king -had remained in those parties a good while, he returned, and brought the duke of -Ireland backe with him againe so that it seemed his voiage into Ireland was now quite -forgotten.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Grafton.</i></p> - -<p>Certeine questions in law demanded of the iustices.</p> - -<p>A councell holden at Notingham.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time, Robert Trisilian lord chiefe iustice of England came to Couentrie, -and indicted there two thousand persons. The king and the quéene came to Grobie, and -thither came by his commandement the iustices of the realme. There were also with him -at the same time, Alexander archb. of Yorke, Robert Veere duke of Ireland, Michaell -de la Poole earle of Suffolke, Robert Trisilian, & his fellowes; of whom it was demanded, -if by the lawes of the realme the king might reuoke the ordinances made in the last -parlement, to the which he had giuen his consent in manner by constraint; and they -made answer that he might. Then were the iustices commanded to come vnto Notingham, -where the king appointed to meet them, and thither he came according to his appointment, -and held a solemne counsell in the castell of Notingham, the morrow after S. -Bartholomews day.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Iustice Belknap cōpelled to subscribe.</p> - -<p>Iustice Belknaps words.</p></div> - -<p>In this councell were the aforesaid archbishop of Yorke, the duke of Ireland, the earle -of Suffolke, Robert Trisilian iustice, Robert Bramble iustice, and sundrie other, all which -iustices were commanded to set their hands vnto the question vnder written, that by -meanes thereof, those persons that were about the king thought they might haue good -occasion to put the duke of Glocester, and other lords that were his complices vnto death, -which in the last parlement were ordeined to haue the gouernance of the realme, and all -such as were consenting to the same. Diuerse of the iustices refused to subscribe, but -yet they were constreined to doo as the rest did, among the which was Iohn Belknap, who -vtterlie refused, till the duke of Ireland, and the earle of Suffolke compelled him thereto; -for if he had persisted in the refusall, he had not escaped their hands, -and yet when he <span class="xxpn" id="p782">|782|</span> -had set to his seale, he burst out into these words; “Now (said he) here lacketh nothing -but a rope, that I might receiue a reward worthie for my desert, and I know, if I -had not doone this, I might not haue escaped your hands, so that for your pleasures and -the kings I haue doone it, and deserued thereby death at the hands of the lords.” Which -indéed shortlie followed, for in the next parlement he was condemned and executed. All -this remained in record.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>An act of councell touching this matter, in manner as followeth.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Additions to <i>Polychron.</i></p></div> - -<p class="pfirst">MEMORANDUM -that on the fiue and twentith day of August, in the 11 yeare of the -reigne of king Richard the second, at the castell of Notingham aforesaid, Robert Trisilian -lord chiefe iustice of England, Robert Belknap lord chiefe iustice of the cōmon plees, -Iohn Holt, Roger Fulthorpe, & William Borough, knights and associats of the said Robert -Belknap, and Iohn Lockton one of the kings sergeants at the law, being pesonalie -required in presence of the lords and other witnesses vnder written by our said souereigne -lord the king, in that faith and allegiance in which to him they were bounden, that they -should trulie answer to certeine questions vnderwritten, and vpon the same by their discretions, -to saie the law.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Questions in law demāded of the iustices.</p></div> - -<p>1 First, it was asked of them, whether the new statute, ordinance, and commission -made in the last parlement held at Westminster, be hurtfull to the kings prerogatiue. -Wherevnto all of one mind answered, that they were hurtfull, and speciallie bicause they -be against the kings will.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>2 Item, it was inquired of them, how they ought to be punished, that procured the -said statute, ordinance, and commission to be made. Wherevnto with one assent they -answered, that they deserued death, except the king of his grace would pardon -them.</p> - -<p>3 Item, it was inquired, how they ought to be punished, which moued the king to consent -to the making of the said statute, ordinance, and commission. Wherevnto they -answered, that vnlesse the king would giue them his pardon, they ought to lose their -liues.</p> - -<p>4 Item, it was inquired of them what punishment they deserued, that compelled the -king to the making of that statute, ordinance and commission. Wherevnto they gaue -answer, that they ought to suffer as traitors.</p> - -<p>5 Item, it was demanded of them how they ought to be punished that interrupted the -king so, that he might not exercise those things that apperteined to his regalitie and prerogatiue. -Wherevnto answer was made, that they ought to be punished as traitors.</p> - -<p>6 Item, it was inquired of them, whether that after the affaires of the realme, and the -cause of the calling togither of the states of the parlement, were once by the kings commandement -declared and opened, and other articles on the kings behalfe limited, vpon -which the lords and commons of the realme ought to intreat and proceed; if the lords -neuertheles would proceed vpon other articles, and not meddle with those articles which -the king had limited, till time the king had answered the articles proponed by them, notwithstanding -the king inioined them to the contrarie: whether in this case the king might -rule the parlement, and cause them to proceed vpon the articles by him limited, before -they proceeded any further? To which question it was answered, that the king should haue -in this part the rule, for order of all such articles to be prosecuted, vntill the end of -the parlement. And if any presumed to go contrarie to this rule, he was to be punished -as a traitor.</p> - -<p>7 Item, it was asked, whether the king when soeuer it pleased him might not dissolue -the parlement, and command the lords and commons to depart from thence or not? -Wherevnto it was answered that he might. <span class="xxpn" id="p783">|783|</span></p> - -<p>8 Item, it was inquired, that for somuch as it was in the king to remooue such iustices -and officers as offend, and to punish them for their offenses; whether the lords commons -might, without the kings will, impeach the same officers and iustices, vpon their offenses -in parlement or not? To this answer was made, that they might not, and he that attempted -contrarie, was to suffer as a traitor.</p> - -<p>9 Item, it was inquired, how he is to be punished, that mooued in the parlement, that -the statute wherin Edward, the sonne of king Edward, great grandfather to the king that -now is, was indicted in parlement, might be sent for; by inspection of which statute, the -said new statute or ordinance and commission were conceiued, and deuised in the parlement?</p> - -<p>To which question, with one accord, as in all the residue they answered, that as well he -that so summoned, as the other, which by force of the same motion, brought the said -statute into the parlement house, be as publike offendors and traitors to be punished.</p> - -<p>10 Item, it was inquired of them, whether the iudgment giuen in the parlement against -Michaell de la Poole earle of Suffolke, were erronious and reuocable, or not?</p> - -<p>To which question likewise with one assent they said, that if the same iudgement were -now to be giuen, the iustices and sergeant aforesaid would not giue the same: bicause it -seemed to them, that the said iudgment is reuocable and erronious in euerie part.</p> - -<p>In witnesse of the premisses, the iustices & sergeant aforesaid to these presents haue -set their seals, these being witnesses; Alexander archbishop of Yorke, Robert archbishop -of Dubline, Iohn bishop of Durham, Thomas bishop of Chester, Iohn bishop of Bangor, -Robert duke of Ireland, Michaell erle of Suffolke, Iohn Ripon clearke, and -Iohn Blake.</p> -</blockquote></div><!--chapter--> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p>The lords indicted of diuerse offenses.</p></div> - -<p>Now beside these iustices and sergeant, there were called at that present vnto Notingham, -all other iustices of the realme, and the shiriffes. Also, diuerse of the citie of London, -which the king knew would incline to his will, the rather; for that some of them, -hauing aforetime confessed treason against the king by them imagined, and obteining pardon -for the same, were readie at his commandement, to recompense such fauour, in the -accomplishment of whatsoeuer they knew might stand with his pleasure. Herevpon, they -being impanelled to inquire of certeine treasons that were supposed to be committed by -the lords, which in the last parlement had so caused things to passe, contrarie to the kings -pleasure, indicted the same lords of manie crimes informed against them.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> Londoners -indeed were euill reported of in those daies, by some writers, for their vnstablenesse, -one while holding on the kings part, and with such as were chéefe in counsell about him; -and an other while on the lords side that were of a contrarie faction: according as the -streame of their affections draue them, and as they were carried awaie perforce by the -floud of their variable willes, whereby they were diuided into differing passions, as they -were assaulted by sundrie and vncerteine desires: which is the nature of the people, as the -poet noteth, saieng:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Why the shiriffes of all shires were sent for to the court.</p> - -<p>Soldiers reteined on all sides by the king against the lords.</p></div> - -<p>But now, as concerning the cause whie the shiriffes were called hither, it was chéeflie to -vnderstand what power of men they might assure the king of, to serue him against the lords -and barons, whome he tooke to be his enimies: and further, that where he meant to call a -parlement verie shortlie, they should so vse the matter, that no knight might be chosen, but -such as the king and his councell should name. But answer was made herevnto by the -shiriffes, that the lords were so highlie beloued of the commons, that it laie not in their -powers to assemble any great forces against the lords; and as for choosing the knights of -the shires, they said that the commons would vndoubtedlie vse their ancient liberties, and -priuileges, in choosing such as they thought meetest. But yet, after that the indictments -were found, according to the desire of the king and his councellors, and that those which -had béene called about this matter, were licenced to depart home; the king and the duke -of Ireland sent messengers into euerie part of the realme, to reteine men of -warre to assist <span class="xxpn" id="p784">|784|</span> -them in the quarell against the lords, if néed were. Manie made answer, that sith they -knew the lords to be faithfull and loiall to the king, euen from the bottome of their hearts, -and were readie to studie, to deuise, and to doo all things that might tend to his honor, and -wealth of the realme; they might not by anie meanes beare armour against them. -But a great number of other, that tooke it that they were reteined for a good and -necessarie purpose, promised to be readie, whensoeuer it should please the king to send for -them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Glocesters protestation vpon his oth.</p></div> - -<p>The lords being in this meane while aduertised of these dooings, were striken with great -heauinesse, for that not knowing themselues (as they tooke it) giltie of anie offense, the -king should thus seeke their destruction. Herewith the duke of Glocester, meaning to -mitigate the kings displeasure, receiued a solemne oth before the bishop of London, and -diuerse other lords, protesting by the same oth, that he neuer imagined, nor went about any -thing, to the kings hinderance, but to his power had alwaies doone what he might to aduance -the kings honor, prosperous state and good liking, except onelie that he had giuen -no good countenance to the duke of Ireland, whom the king so much loued. And suerlie -for that the said duke had dishonored his kinswoman, and the kings also, he was firmelie -determined to reuenge that iniurie vpon him; and herewith he besought the bishop of -London to declare what his words were vnto the king.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Stout words of the bishop of London.</p></div> - -<p>The bishop comming to the king, made report of the duke of Glocesters protestation, -confirmed with his oth, in such wise, as the king began somewhat to be persuaded that it -was true. But when the earle of Suffolke perceiued that, fearing least the reconciliation -of the king and the duke his vncle should turne to his vndooing, he began to speake -against the duke, till the bishop bad him hold his peace; and told him, that it nothing -became him to speake at all. And when the earle asked why so; “Bicause (said the -bishop) thou wast in the last parlement condemned for an euill person, and one not worthie -to liue, but onelie it pleaseth the king to shew thée fauour.” The king offended with -the bishops presumptuous words, commanded him to depart & get him home to his church, -who foorthwith departed, and declared to the duke of Glocester what he had heard and -séene. Herevpon, the great misliking that had beene afore time betwixt the king and the -lords, was now more vehementlie increased, the duke of Ireland, the earle of Suffolke, the -archbishop of Yorke, the lord chiefe iustice Robert Trisilian, and others, still procuring, -stirring, and confirming the kings heauie displeasure against the lords.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords confer how to preuēt the perils pretended against them.</p> - -<p>The earle of Northumberland sent to apprehend the earle of Arundell.</p></div> - -<p>The duke of Glocester considering to what conclusion these things tended, came secretlie -to conference with the earles of Arundell, Warwike, and Derbie, who were in like danger, -if they prouided not more spéedilie for their safetie, wherevpon he discouered to them -the perill wherein they all stood in common, so that when they weied what was the most -expedient meane to safe gard their liues, they gathered their power togither, determining -to talke with the king with their armour vpon their backes, for their more suertie, as well -concerning his pretense to bring them to their deaths, as for the fauour which he bare to -those whom they reputed to be traitors, both to him, and to the whole state of the realme, -whereby the same could not auoid spéedie ruine, if remedie were not the sooner prouided. -The king on the other part tooke aduise, how he might apprehend these lords (whom -he tooke to be plaine traitors) ech one apart, before they might gather their strengths about -them; and first, he sent the earle of Northumberland and others, vnto the castell of Reigate, -to take the earle of Arundell, who laie there at that present. But howsoeuer it fortuned, -the earle of Northumberland came backe, and failed to accomplish that which he -had in commandement.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Arundell ioineth with the other lords.</p></div> - -<p>After this, a great number were sent by night, to haue laid hands on him, and to haue -brought him to the kings presence; or in case he resisted, to haue slaine him, if by any -meanes they might: but he being warned by a messenger, that came to him from the duke -of Glocester, conueied himselfe awaie, and with such bands as he had got togither, rode all -that night, so that in the morning hauing passed thirtie miles, not without -great trauell, and <span class="xxpn" id="p785">|785|</span> -all speed possible, he was in the morning aduanced to Haringie parke, where he found the -duke of Glocester, and the earle of Warwike, with a great power of men about them.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ At</span> the same time the king was about to set forward towards Canturburie, there to performe -some vow of pilgrimage, which he had vndertaken to make vnto the shrine of -Thomas Becket. But a brute was raised, and a slander (belike) contriued, to bring him -in further hatred of his subiects, that he meant to steale ouer into France, vnto the French -king, hauing promised to deliuer vp into his hands the towne of Calis, with the castell of -Guines, and all the fortresses which his predecessors had possessed in those parties, either -by right from their ancestors, or by warlike conquest.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Councell taken how to deale against the lords.</p></div> - -<p>Howbeit this his iournie to Canturburie was suddenlie staied, vpon knowledge had of -the gathering togither of the lords in Haringie parke, wherewith the king being sore amazed, -called togither such as he trusted, to vnderstand what their opinion was of the matter; -and vnderstanding that the purposed intention of the lords, for which they were so assembled, -was to this end (as they pretended) to bring him vnto a better trade of life, and more -profitable order of gouernement, he was streight striken with no small feare, demanding -of them their aduise, what was best for him to doo in such troublesome state of things. -Some were of this mind, that it should be best to séeke to appease the lords with faire promises, -assuring them, that they should haue their desires. Other thought it better to -assemble the kings friends, and ioining them with the Londoners, to go foorth and trie the -hazard of battell with the lords. Among them that were of this mind, the archbishop of -Yorke was the chiefest. But other that were thought to vnderstand more of the world than -he did, iudged it not wisedome so to doo, considering that if the king lost the field, then -should great harme and dishonor follow; and if the victorie fell to his side, yet could he -gaine naught, but lose a great number of his subiects.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords send messengers to the king.</p></div> - -<p>This was in Nouember, at what time the king, vpon his returning from Canturburie, -meant to haue holden a parlement; but through those stirs, neither his iournie to Canturburie, -nor the parlement went forward: yet he caused order to be giuen, that no citizen -of London should sell to the duke of Glocester, the earle of Arundell, or any other of the -lords, any armour, bowes, arrowes, or other munition, or matter that might tend to the -furniture of warre, vpon a great paine. But notwithstanding, the lords went forward -with their businesse; and before they approched the citie of London, they sent to the king -the archbishop of Canturburie, the lord Iohn Louell, the lord Cobham, and the lord -Iohn Deuereux, requiring to haue deliuered vnto them such as were about him, that were -traitors and seducers both of him and the realme, that sought nothing else, but to trouble -both poore and rich, and to sow discord and variance betwixt the king and his nobles. -And further, they declared that their comming was for the honor and wealth both of the -king and realme.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A rash answer of the maior of London.</p> - -<p>The Londoners refuse to fight against the lords.</p></div> - -<p>But the king being ruled altogither by the duke of Ireland, the earle of Suffolke, and -two or three other, was fullie persuaded that the lords intended to bring him vnder their -gouernement, and therfore he was counselled to make the French king his sure friend in -all vrgent necessities. And to be assured of him, it was reported, that those councellors -aduised him to render vp into the French kings hands the towne of Calis, and all that he -had else in possession, on the further side of the sea. Howsoeuer this matter went, truth -it is, that the king sent for the maior of London, requiring to know of him how manie able -men they thought the citie could make. The maior answered, that he thought verely the -citizens might make in time of need, fiftie thousand men, within an houres respit. Well -said the king, then I beseech you go and prooue what will be done. But when the maior -began to attempt the matter, he was answered generallie, that they would neuer fight -against the kings freends, and defenders of the realme (as indeed they tooke the lords to -be) but against the enimies of the king and realme they would alwaies be readie to -fight, and shew what resistance they were able. This answer the maior reported to the -king. <span class="xxpn" id="p786">|786|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Northumberlands and the lord Bassets -words to the king in the behalfe of the lords.</p></div> - -<p>At the same time there was about the king the lord Rafe Basset, who said thus to the -king flatlie and plainelie: “Sir, I haue béene, and euer will be your true liege man, and my -bodie and goods shall euer be at your graces commandement, in all iustice and trueth. -But neuerthelesse, hereof I assure you, that if my hap be to come into the field, I will -without faile alwaies follow the true part; and it is not I that will aduenture to haue my -head broken for the duke of Irelands pleasure.” Likewise, the earle of Northumberland, -being at that time in the court, spake these words to the king; “Sir, there is no doubt -but these lords, who now be in the field, alwaies haue beene your true and faithfull subiects, -and yet are, not intending to attempt anie thing against your state, wealth, & honor. -Neuerthelesse, they féele themselues sore molested and disquieted, by the wicked deuises -of certeine persons about you, that seeke to oppresse them. And verilie without faile, -all your realme is sore greeued therewith, both great and small, as well lords as commons; -and I sée not the contrarie, but they mind to aduenture their liues with the lords -that are thus in armes, speciallie in this case, which they reckon to be yours and your -realmes. And sir, now yée be in the cheefe place of your realme, and in the place of -your coronation, order your selfe now therefore wiselie and like a king. Send to them to -come before your presence in some publike place, where they may declare vnto you the -intent and purpose of their comming, accompanied with so great a number of people -into these parts, and I beléeue it verelie, they will shew such reasons that you will hold -them excused.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords take an oth togither, to prosecute their purposed enterprise.</p></div> - -<p>The archbishop of Canturburie, and the lord chancellor bishop of Elie, and other of the -bishops also there present, affirmed the earles aduise to be good. And the king considering -wiselie the case as it stood, began to be appeased, and accorded to follow their -aduise, desiring the archbishop of Canturburie, and the bishop of Elie, to aduertise them -of his plesure, which was, that he willed them to come to him to Westminster, on sundaie -then next following; and so they repairing to the lords, made report to them of the kings -mind and purpose. But the duke of Glocester, and the other lords, were so fullie bent in -their opinion, that they swore all whole togither, that they would neuer giue ouer their -enterprise, so long as they had a penie to spend, in maintenance of their cause: and if it -chanced anie of them to depart this life, the ouerliuers should persist therein, vntill the -time that they had brought their purpose to some good effect.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords séeke the fauour of the Londoners.</p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>And bicause they doubted least the king might stirre the citie of London against them, -they determined first to aduertise the maior and the citie, how their comming was onlie -to reforme certeine great enormities, which they set downe in writing, & sent it to the -maior and citizens, beseeching them of their fauour and counsell therin. This doone, they -determined yet to kéepe their daie on the sundaie following, to appeare before the kings -presence: but this was not got of them, till that the lord chancellor, with diuerse other -noblemen of good credit, had vndertaken vpon their oths for the kings behalfe, that no -fraud nor deceipt, no perill nor euill pretense should be put in practise against the lords, -wherby they might come to losse either of life, limme, or goods, or otherwise, through the -kings means; but that if he should go about anie such things, the said lord chancellor -and other the mediators should forwarne the lords therof.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>An ambush at Mewes.</p></div> - -<p>When therefore the lords were readie, according to couenant, to come vnto Westminster, -they were secretlie aduertised, that there was an ambush laid in a place called -the Mewes, and so they staied, and came not at the appointed houre. Wherevpon, when -the king demanded, how it fortuned that the lords kept not promise, the bishop of Elie -lord Chancellor made him this answer; “Bicause” saith he, “there is an ambush of a -thousand armed men or more laid in such a place (and named it) contrarie to couenant, -and therefore they neither come nor hold you for faithfull of your word.” The king hearing -this, was astonied, and said with an oth, that he knew of no such thing, & withall -sent to the shiriffes of London, commanding them to go to the Mewes, and (vpon search -made) if they found anie force of men there assembled, to take and kill all such as they <span class="xxpn" id="p787">|787|</span> -could laie hands vpon. But sir Thomas Triuet, and sir Nitholas Brambre, knight, that -had in déed assembled such a number of men, when they vnderstood what order the king -had giuen therein, they sent their men backe to London.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords come before the kings presence in Westminster hall.</p> - -<p>The lord chācelor speaketh for the king to the lords.</p></div> - -<p>The lords, after this, receiuing a safe conduct from the king, and perceiuing all to be -safe and cleare, came vnto Westminster with a strong power of men about them. The -king, when he heard they were come, apparelled himselfe in his kinglie robes, and with -his scepter in hand came into the great hall at Westminster. The lords as soone as they -had sight of him, made to him their humble obeisance, & went foorth till they came to -the nether steps, going vp to the kings seat of state, where they made their second obeisance; -& then the king gaue them countenance to come néerer to him, & they so did, -kneeling downe before him, & foorthwith he rose from his place, and louinglie welcomming -them, tooke each of them by the hand, and that doone sate him downe againe. -Herewith the bishop of Elie lord chancellor, as mouth to the king, declared vnto these -lords in effect as followeth. “My lords (said he) our souereigne lord the king, hearing -that you were assembled in Haringie parke, in other maner than was conuenient, would -not foorthwith run vpon you with force to destroie you, as he might easilie haue doone, -if he had not wished your safetie; for no man doubteth, but if his pleasure had béene to -gather an armie, he might haue had more people than you could haue got to haue taken -part with you against him, and so happilie much bloud might haue béene spilt, which -thing certeinlie our souereigne lord the king vtterlie abhorreth: and therefore vsing patience -and mildnesse, he hath rather chosen to talke with you in peaceable wise, that he may -vnderstand the cause whie yée haue assembled so great a number of people togither.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The answer of the lords & their gréefes.</p> - -<p>The king reprooueth the lords dooings.</p></div> - -<p>The lords for answer héerevnto said, that “they assembled their forces togither, for -the profit both of the king and realme, and speciallie to take awaie from him such traitors -as remained continuallie about him; to wit, Robert de Veer duke of Ireland, Alexander -Neuill archbishop of Yorke, Michaell de la Poole erle of Suffolke, Robert Trisilian that -false iustice, and sir Nicholas Brambre, that disloiall knight of London: for so they -tearmed them all. And to prooue their accusations true, they threw downe their gloues, -protesting by their oths to prosecute it by battell.” “Naie (saith the king) not so, but in -the next parlement, which we doo appoint before hand to begin the morrow after the -Purification of our ladie, both they and you appearing, shall receiue (according to law) -all that which reason shall appoint. And now to you my lords I speake, by what meane -or by what reason durst you so presumptuouslie take vpon you within this my land to rise -thus against me? Did you thinke to feare me with such your presumptuous boldnesse? -Haue I not armed men sufficient to haue beaten you downe, compassed about like a sort -of deere in a toil? If I would: trulie in this behalfe I make no more account of you, -than of the vilest skullions in my kitchen.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king taketh both parties into his protection.</p> - -<p><i>Grafton.</i></p></div> - -<p>When he had said these words, with much more, he lift vp the duke of Glocester that -all this while knéeled afore him, and commanded the residue to rise also. After this -he led them courteouslie to his chamber, where they sate and dranke togither. And -finallie it was concluded, that they should all méet togither againe at the next parlement, -and ech one to receiue according to iustice: and in the meane time the king tooke aswell -the duke of Glocester, as the duke of Ireland into his protection, so that neither part in -the meane time should hurt the other, nor presume to make any gathering of people vntill -the time prefixed: and so this councell brake vp, and the lords departed. These things -yet were doone in absence of the forenamed persons whom the lords accused, for they -durst not appeare in presence of the lords; for if they had béene espied, they had smarted -for it, as was thought, without any respect that would haue béene had of the kings presence. -And now, for somuch as it should be well knowne through all the citie, that these -lords had nothing offended him with their comming, the king caused a proclamation to be -made, the tenour whereof was as followeth. <span class="xxpn" id="p788">|788|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>A proclamation clearing the lords of treason.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">RICHARD -by the grace of God, &c.   We will that it be knowne to all our liege -people throughout our realme of England, that whereas Thomas duke of Glocester, -Richard earle of Arundell, & Thomas earle of Warwike, haue beene defamed of treason -by certeine of our councellors; we as it apperteineth diligentlie searching the ground & -cause of this defamation, find no such thing in them, nor any suspicion thereof: wherfore -we declare the same defamation to be false, and vntrue, and doo receiue the same duke -and earles into our speciall protection.   And bicause these accusers shall be notoriouslie -knowne, their names are Alexander archbishop of Yorke, sir Robert Veere duke of Ireland, -Michaell de la Poole earle of Suffolke, Robert Trisilian lord chiefe iustice, and sir -Nicholas Brambre of London knight, who in like case shall remaine till the next parlement -and there shall stand to their answers.   But in the meane time we likewise take -them into our protection, streictlie charging and commanding, that no maner of person -charge any of the forenamed, either priuilie or apertlie, in word or deed, to hurt them, or -or cause any hurt to be doone to them, but all quarels & demands against them to be remitted, -vntill the next parlement prefixed.</p></blockquote></div> - -<p>Now to haue all things in more perfect readinesse and -remembrance when the estates -should be assembled, certeine of the lords were appointed to sit in the meane time, to -deuise how they might procéed orderlie in redresse of such matters, as séemed to require -some spéedie reformation: neither did they thinke it good to depart in sunder, for feare -to be intrapped through the malicious practise of their aduersaries. Which doubt of -theirs seemed afterwards to stand them in stéed of great wisedome. For immediatlie after, -their said aduersaries came to the king, and declared how they were dailie in danger of -their liues, by reason of the malice which the lords had conceiued against them onelie for -the kings sake, and not for any matter of their owne. And whereas the king had promised -that they should appeare at the next parlement, which was at hand, they told him plainelie -that they neither durst nor would put their bodies in such manifest danger. The king -considering hereof, withdrew himselfe from the companie of the lords that were assigned -to sit at London, to deliberate of matters that were to be talked of and ordered in the -parlement; and so that councell was deferred and laid aside: and the kings councellors -that stood in danger of their liues through the malice of the lords confederated with the -duke of Glocester, got them from the court, and withdrew some into this place and some -into that.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Suffolke fléeth ouer to Calis.</p> - -<p><i>Grafton.</i></p></div> - -<p>Among other the earle of Suffolke fled ouer vnto Calis in secret wise, by the helpe of a -knight called sir William Hoo, who holpe to conueie him thither. He had changed his -apparell, and shauen his beard, and so disguised, counterfeited himself to be a poulter, -and to sell certeine foule which he had gotten, by which means he was not knowne, till at -length comming to the gates of the castell (wherof his brother sir Edmund de la Poole was -capteine) he discouered to him (scarselie knowing who he was, by reason he was so disguised) -the whole occasion of his repairing thither, requiring him to keepe his counsell, -and that he might remaine with him in priuie maner for a time, till he might heare more -how things went in England, from whence he was thus fled, to auoid the bloudie hands -of his enimies, that sought his life. His brother doubting what might be laid to his -charge if he shuld conceale this matter from the lord William Beauchampe lord deputie -of the towne, streightwaies aduertised him thereof, who tooke order that the earle should -foorthwith be sent backe againe into England to the king, who receiued him with small -thanks to them that brought him ouer, so that (as some write) his brother being one, was -committed to prison for disclosing him. But yet bicause it should not séeme -that he <span class="xxpn" id="p789">|789|</span> imprisoned him for that cause, he was shortlie after set at libertie, and returned againe to his -charge at Calis. The earle was also permitted to go whither he would, although the -king had vndertaken to present him and others at the next parlement to answer their -offenses, as the same might be laid to their charge.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A commission to the shiriffe of Cheshire to safe conduct -the duke of Ireland to the kings presence.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ But</span> -here it may be doubted by the vncertentie of writers, whether the earle of Suffolke -thus fled ouer to Calis, before the iournie at Ratcote bridge, or after. But whether -it chanced either after or before, it is certeine that since the time that the lords had forced -the king to promise to exhibit him and others at the next parlement to abide their trials, -he durst not openlie remaine in the court, but taking leaue of the king departed from -him. Whervpon the king being out of quiet for the absence of him and other his best -beloued councellors, whom he so much esteemed, and namelie of the duke of Ireland, and -the said earle of Suffolke, he appointed one Thomas Molineux constable of the castell of -Chester, a man of high valiancie, and great power in the parties of Cheshire and Lancashire -to raise an armie of men, with the assistance of the shiriffe of Cheshire, to whom -his commission of authoritie in that behalfe, vnder the great seale was directed, to the -end that they might conueie the duke of Ireland in all safetie vnto the kings presence.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords séeke to stop the passage of the duke of Ireland.</p></div> - -<p>The shiriffe hauing receiued this commission, togither with the foresaid Thomas Molineux -raised a power, and such as refused to serue, in respect of such good will as they -bare to the lords, he committed to prison, commanding the gailors to kéepe them streict -in irons with bread and water till his returne. Moreuer, the king sent to sir Rafe Vernon, -& sir Richard Ratcliffe, willing them to assist the other. And so thus they set forward -with the number of fiue thousand men. When the lords vnderstood that the duke -of Ireland was marching towards London, with such a power of men, meaning to ioine -with the Londoners, and so to make as it had beene an inuincible armie, they bestirred -themselues, and fell in hand to arme their men, and to exhort one another, that now they -should not be negligent in their owne defense, but make hast for the dispatching of those -that craftilie had gone about to conspire their deaths. And so these lords, to wit, the -duke of Glocester, the earles of Derbie, Arundell, Warwike, and Notingham, assembled -their powers out of all quarters, to incounter with the duke of Ireland; and when they -had got their companies togither, they forelaid all the waies by which he was thought to -come.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Ireland his souldiers reuolt frō him.</p> - -<p>The duke of Ireland flieth frō his armie.</p> - -<p><i>Virg. Aeneid. 9.</i></p></div> - -<p>But the duke of Ireland hauing with him Molineux, Vernon, and Ratcliffe, rode forward -in statelie and glorious araie, with an armie (as ye haue heard) of fiue thousand -men, supposing that none durst come foorth to withstand him. Neuerthelesse when he -came to Ratcote bridge, not past foure miles from Cheping Norton (which bridge if he -could haue passed, he had béene out of the danger of all enimies) he suddenlie espied -where the armie of the lords laie, not far distant from him, readie in the midst of a vallie to -abide his comming. Some of the earle of Derbies companie had broken the bridge, & so -stopped his passage. He therefore perceiuing his enimies intention, staied, and caused -the kings banner to be spred, and began to set a good countenance of the matter, and to -exhort his people to shew themselues valiant; and herewith caused the trumpets to sound. -But when it appeared that as some were readie to fight in his quarell, so there were other -that quite forsooke him, and said flatlie they would not fight against so manie noble -men, in so vniust a cause: he being thereof aduertised, began to wax faint-harted, and to -prepare himselfe to escape by flight; and declaring no lesse openlie vnto them, said: -“Before we come to ioine, I will séeke to withdraw my selfe out of the waie, and saue -my selfe if I can; for me they onlie seeke, against you they haue no quarell, so that I -being shifted awaie, you shall easilie be preserued.” Herewith one of the knights said to -him; “You haue brought vs out of our countrie, you haue procured vs to giue you our -promise, you haue caused vs to take this iournie in hand: here therefore are we readie to -fight & win the victorie with you, if our hap be such; or if fortune will not so fauour us, -we are readie to spend our liues with you.” “No” said he, “ye shall not so doo,” and <span class="xxpn" id="p790">|790|</span> -forthwith striking his horsse with spurs, he fled from them for feare which had set wings on -héeles, as one saith:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">――pedibus timor addidit alas.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Thomas Molineux slaine.</p></div> - -<p>Herevpon manie that were with him, cursing this his demeanour, prepared to yeeld -themselues to the lords. But Thomas Molineux determined to fight it out, sith the lords -were not yet all come togither to that place, but onelie the earle of Derbie and certeine -others. Neuerthelesse, after he had fought a while, and perceiued it would not auaile -him to tarie longer, as one despairing of the victorie, betooke him likewise to flight, as -the duke of Ireland had led him the waie: and plunging into the riuer, which was at -hand, it chanced that sir Thomas Mortimer being present amongst other at the same -place, willed him to come out of the water vnto him; for if he would not, he threatened -to shoot him through with arrowes in the riuer where he stood. “If I come (said Molineux) -will ye saue my life?” “I will make thée no such promise (said sir Thomas Mortimer) -but notwithstanding, either come vp, or thou shalt presentlie die for it.” “Well -then (said Molineux) if there be no other remedie, suffer me to come vp, and let me trie -with hand-blowes, either with you or some other, and so die like a man.” But as -he came vp, the knight caught him by the helmet, plucked it off his head, & streightwaies -drawing foorth his dagger, stroke him into the braines, and so dispatched him. -This was the end of sir Thomas Molineux, which through his bold and rash aduenture, -in a most dangerous and desperat case, he pulled vpon himselfe; and might as -well haue auoided as incurred, if the same prouident care of safetie had taken him in the -head that mooued the duke of Ireland to take flight for his indemnitie: wherein he séemed -to remember that there is no safe attempting of any perilous enterprise without dread of -danger: for he that can tell when a thing is to be feared, can tell in like sort when it is to -be vndertaken; as the wiseman verie sententiouslie saith:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Animus vereri qui scit, scit tutò aggredi.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Ireland flieth into Holland.</p></div> - -<p>In the meane time, the duke of Ireland (as ye haue heard) séeking to escape by flight, -came to the riuers side; but finding the bridge broken, he galoped till he found an other -bridge, where he found a number of archers readie to stop his passage. When he saw -that he was thus inclosed with his enimies on the one side, and the riuer of Thames on the -other, he thought to put all in aduenture; and casting awaie his gantlets, and sword (to -be the more nimble) gaue his horsse the spurres, and lept into the riuer; but missing the -foord, and not able to land with his horsse on the further side, he forsooke him, and -swimming ouer so well as he might, got to the banke, and so escaped. It was now night, -and therefore his enimies hauing no knowledge of the countrie, followed him not; but his -horsse, helmet, curasses, gantlets, and sword being found, it was thought verelie that he -had béene drowned. The next newes heard of him, was that he had passed the seas, and -was got into Holland, where he had no great freendlie welcome, by reason that Albert duke -of Bauiere, who was lord of that countrie, bare such good will to his coosins of England, -the dukes of Lancaster, Yorke, and Glocester, that he commanded this duke of Ireland -to depart foorth of his countrie, as immediatlie therevpon he did, from thence resorting -to the bishoprike of Vtreict, and after into other countries, till finallie he ended the -course of his life, as after in place conuenient -shall appeare.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Letters foūd in the duke of Irelands trunks.</p> - -<p>Burford.</p></div> - -<p>But now to returne to the armies where we left them. After the duke was fled, and -Thomas Molineux slaine (as before ye haue heard) the armie of the lords set vpon the people -that were come with the duke of Ireland (as hath béene said) foorth of Chesshire, Lancashire, -and Wales; and taking them as enimies, spoiled them of their horsse, armor, -bowes and arrowes. The knights and esquiers had their armor and horsses againe to them -restored, and were reteined with the lords to serue them: but the commons without -either armor or weapon were sent home, and had no other harme done vnto them. The -duke of Irelands cariage being taken, letters were found in his trunkes or males, which -the king had written to him, exhorting him with all spéed to repaire vnto London, with <span class="xxpn" id="p791">|791|</span> -what power he might make, and there he should find him readie to liue and die with him. -Such was the conclusion of this battell, which happened néere vnto Burford, fast by Bablake, -to the great reioising of manie through the realme, for that the enimies thereof (as -they tooke the matter) were thus ouerthrowne. But yet the escaping awaie of the duke -of Ireland did somewhat mitigate their ioy, for what was become of him it was vncerteine. -After this the duke of Glocester, and the other lords went to Oxford, being sorie that their -fortune was not to haue taken the duke of Ireland.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i></p> - -<p>A brute raised that king Richard meant to yéeld vp -Calis into the French kings hands.</p></div> - -<p>At the same time, or rather before, the archbishop of Yorke, and the lord chiefe -iustice sir Robert Trisilian, fearing the indignation of the lords, withdrew out of the waie, -and durst not be séene. But now the lords, who after the iournie at Radcote bridge, -were come (as ye haue heard) to Oxford; we find that the same time a brute was raised -(whether of truth or not, we haue neither to affirme nor denie) how there was a messenger -taken being sent from the French king with letters, in which was conteined a licence -of safe conduct, for the king of England, the duke of Ireland, and others, to come to Bullongne, -with a certeine number limited, where they should find the French king come -downe thither readie to receiue them, to the end that for a certeine summe of monie, -which the French king should giue to the king of England, the towne of Calis, and all -the fortresses in those parts, which were in the Englishmens hands, should be deliuered -to the Frenchmen; and further that the king of England should doo his homage to the -French king, for the lands which he held in Gascoigne, and so to haue acknowledged -himselfe his liege man. The lords (as was reported) hauing got these letters, and taken -counsell togither how to procéed in their businesse, to bring the same to good end, remoued -from Oxford, and on Christmas euen they came to S. Albons, and there staied -that daie and the next.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords come to London with a great armie.</p> - -<p>K. Richard kéepeth his Christmas in the Tower of London.</p> - -<p>The lords send to the Maior and citizens of London to vnderstand -their meaning.</p> - -<p>The Londoners in great perplexitie which part to take.</p></div> - -<p>On saint Stephans daie they tooke their waie to London with an armie of fortie thousand -men, as some write; & comming into the fields besides Clerkenwell, mustered their -men, being diuided in thrée seuerall battels verie well appointed with armor and weapon, -that it was a beautifull sight to behold them. The king kept his Christmas, not at Westminster, -but in the Tower; not douting but there to be defended what chance soeuer -should happen. The lords mistrusting the Londoners, lodged them with their people in -the suburbs. They sent yet two knights, and two esquiers, vnto the Maior and Aldermen -men of the citie, to vnderstand whether they were minded to take part with them, or with -the duke of Ireland, and his adherents, traitors (as they tearmed them) both to the king -and the realme. The Londoners were now in no small feare and perplexitie, not knowing -well what waie was best for them to take, weieng diuers perils; as first the kings displeasure, -if they opened their gates vnto the lords; and if they shut them foorth, they feared -the indignation and wrath of the commons that were come thither with the lords, and -were readie to breake downe their wals and gates, if they were neuer so little prouoked. -Besides this, they stoode most in doubt, least if the wealthiest citizens should not giue -their consent to receiue the lords into the citie, the meaner sort, and such as wished rather -to sée some hurlie burlie than to continue in peace, would séeke by force to set open the -gates, and make waie for the lords and their people to enter, that they might make -hauocke, and spoile whatsoeuer might be found of value in the rich mens houses.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Londoners incline to the lords.</p> - -<p>The lords enter into London.</p> - -<p>The kings words touching the lords procéedings.</p></div> - -<p>These doubts with all the circumstances being well weied and considered, the Maior -Nicholas Exton, and certeine of the chiefe men in the citie, went foorth to the lords, and -offered them to lodge in the citie at their pleasure, with all things necessarie as they -should deuise. The Maior caused also wine, ale, bread, and chéese, to be distributed -among the armie, so as ech one had part, which courtesie turned greatlie afterwards to -the commoditie of the citie. The lords vpon search made, perceiuing that there was no -guile meant by laieng of men in ambushes within the citie to intrappe them, or otherwise, -but that all was sure inough and cleare without anie such euill meaning, they entred the -citie and there abode quietlie. Then went the archbishop of Canturburie and others betwixt <span class="xxpn" id="p792">|792|</span> -the king and the lords to make peace betwixt them. But the king at the first seemed -little to estéeme the matter, saieng to the archbishop; Well let them lie here with their -great multitude of people hardlie till they haue spent all they haue, and then I trust they -will returne poore inough and néedie, and then I doubt not but I shall talke with them, -and vse the matter so as iustice maie require.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords refuse to come into <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> Tower -but after search made they come thither to the kings presence.</p></div> - -<p>The lords being informed hereof, were maruelouslie mooued, and sware that they -would not depart till they had spoken with him face to face, and foorthwith they sent part -of their companies to watch the Thames, for feare the king should scape their hands, and -then laugh them to scorne. When the king then perceiued himselfe to be inclosed on -ech side, he talked eftsoones with the archbishop and his associats that were messengers -betwixt him and the lords, willing them to declare to the lords that he would be contented -to treat with them in reasonable order; wherevpon they required that he should -on the morow next insuing come vnto Westminster, where he should vnderstand their -demands. When the king heard that, he refused to come vnto Westminster, but willed -that they should come to him there in the Tower. The lords sent him word againe, that -the Tower was a place to be suspected, for that they might there be surprised by some -guilefull practise deuised to intrap them. The king herevnto made answer, that they -might send some two hundred men, or so manie as they should thinke good, to make a -through search, whether they néeded to feare anie such thing; and this accordinglie was -doone: they hauing the keies of the gates and of all the strong chambers, turrets, and -places within the Tower sent vnto them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>R. Grafton.</i></p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p>The lords open their gréefes to the king.</p></div> - -<p>On the fridaie, the duke of Glocester, the earls of Derbie, and Notingham, came to the -king, where he was set in a pauillion richlie arraied; and after their humble salutations -done, and some talke had betwixt them, they went at the kings request with him into his -chamber, where they recited vnto him the conspiracie of their aduersaries, through which -they had béen indicted. They also shewed forth the letters which he had sent to the duke -of Ireland, to leauie an armie vnto their destruction. Likewise the letters, which the -French king had written to him, conteining a safe conduct for him to come into France, -there to confirme things to the diminishing of his honor, to the decaie of his power, & -losse of his fame.  <span class="nowrap">¶ During</span> the time of this communication also, the earle of Derbie -desired the king to behold the people that were assembled in sight before the Tower, for -the preseruation of him and his realme: which he did, and maruelling to sée such a goodlie -armie and strength, as he declared to them no lesse, the duke of Glocester said vnto him; -Sir this is not the tenth part of your willing subjects that haue risen to destroie those false -traitors, that haue misled you with their wicked and naughtie counsell.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>R. Grafton.</i></p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsing.</i></p> - -<p>The incōstancie of the king.</p></div> - -<p>The king being brought to his wits end, aswell with those things which the lords had -charged him with, as otherwise with the sight of that great multitude of people, seemed -greatlie amazed. Wherevpon the lords, vnder condition that the next daie he should -come to Westminster to heare more of their minds, and to conclude further for the behoofe -of the common-wealth of the realme, began to take leaue of him, meaning so to -depart: but the king desired them to tarrie all night with him and the quéene. The -duke thinking to make all sure, made excuse that he durst not be absent from all those -folks, which they had brought with them, for feare that some disorder might arise, either -in the armie, or in the citie; yet at the kings instance, the earles of Notingham and -Derbie taried there all night. The king before his going to bed, was quite turned concerning -his determination and promise made to go the next daie to Westminster, through -such whispering tales as was put into his eares, by some that were about him, telling him -that it stood neither with his safetie, nor honour, so lightlie to agree to depart from the -tower, vnto such place as the lords had thus appointed him, to serue more for their purpose -than for suertie of his person.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The K. is cōpelled to condescend to the lords request.</p></div> - -<p>When the lords therefore vnderstood that he would not keepe promise with them, they -were greatlie offended, insomuch as they sent him flat word, that if he would not come <span class="xxpn" id="p793">|793|</span> -(according to promise) they would suerlie choose another king, that would and ought to -obeie the faithfull counsell of his lords. The king with this message being touched to -quicke, to satisfie their minds, and to auoid further perill, remooued the next morning -vnto Westminster, where the lords comming before his presence, after a little other talke, -they declared vnto him, that aswell in respect of his owne honour, as the commoditie & -wealth of his kingdome, it was behouefull, that such traitors, and most wicked & slanderous -persons, as were nothing profitable, but hurtfull to him and his louing subiects, should be -remooued out of his court; and that other that both could and would serue him more -honorablie and faithfullie were placed in their roomes. The king, although sore against -his mind, when he saw how the lords were bent, and that he wanted power to withstand -their pleasures, condescended to doo what they would haue him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Certeine persons put out of the court.</p> - -<p>Certeine ladies expelled the court.</p></div> - -<p>So when he had granted thereto, they iudged that Alexander Neuill archbishop of -Yorke, Iohn Fourdham bishop of Durham lord tresuror, Thomas Rushoke, a frier of the -order of the preachers, bishop of Chichester, and confessor to the king, were worthie to be -auoided the court. But the archbishop of Yorke, and the bishop of Chichester would -abide no reckonings, but got them out of the waie, and fled, it was not knowne whither. -The lords did expell out of the court the lord Zouch of Haringworth, the lord Burnell, the -lord Beaumont, Albrey de Véer, Baldwin de Bereford, Richard Aderburie, Iohn Worth, -Thomas Clifford, and Iohn Louell knights. These were dismissed out of the court, and -remooued from the king, but not discharged, for they were constreined to put in suerties -to appeare at the next parlement. There were also certeine ladies expelled the court, as -those that were thought to doo much harme about the K. to wit, the ladie Poinings, wife -to Iohn Worth of Mowen, and the ladie Moulinge, with others, which also found suerties -to answer at the next parlement, to all such things as might be obiected against them. -Moreouer there were arrested and committed to seuerall prisons, sir Simon Burlie, William -Elmham, Iohn Beauchampe of Holt steward of the kings house, sir Iohn Salisburie, -sir Thomas Triuet, sir Iames Barneis, sir Nicholas Dagworth, and sir Nicholas Brambre -knights. Also Richard Clifford, Iohn Lincolne, Richard Mitford the kings chapleins, -and Nicholas Sclake deane of the kings chappell, whose word might doo much in the -court. There was also apprehended Iohn Blake an apprentise of the law: all which persons -were kept in streict ward till the next parlement, in which they were appointed to -stand vnto their triall and answers.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The parlemēt that wrought woonders.</p> - -<p><i>R. Grafton.</i></p> - -<p><i>Thom. Walsin.</i></p> - -<p><i>R. Grafton.</i></p> - -<p>The iustices arrested & sent to the tower.</p> - -<p>Why the iustices were apprehended.</p></div> - -<p>Shortlie after, to wit, the morrow after the Purification of our ladie, the parlement began, -the which was named the parlement that wrought woonders. The king would gladlie -haue proroged the time of this parlement, if by anie meanes he might. The lords came -to the same parlement, with a sufficient armie for their owne safeties. On the first day -of this parlement, were arrested as they sat in their places, all the iustices (except sir -William Skipworth) as sir Roger Fulthrop, sir Robert Belknap, sir Iohn Carie, sir Iohn -Holt, sir William Brooke, and Iohn Alocton the kings sergeant at law, all which were sent -to the tower, and there kept in seuerall places. The cause whie they were thus apprehended, -was for that, where in the last parlement, diuerse lords were made gouernours of -the realme, both by the assent of the same parlement, and also by the aduise and counsell -of all the iustices then being, and indentures tripartite thereof made, of the which one part -remained with the king, an other with the lords so chosen to gouerne the realme, and the -third part with the iustices: and yet notwithstanding, the said iustices at a councell holden -at Notingham (as yee haue heard before) did go contrarie to that agreement. Wherevpon -it was now determined, that they should make answer to their dooings.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Ireland & his associats attainted of treson by this parlement.</p> - -<p>Trisilian chéefe iustice descried by his owne man is -executed at Tiburne.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, in the beginning of this parlement, were openlie called Robert Véer duke of -Ireland, Alexander Neuill archbishop of Yorke, Michaell de la Poole earle of Suffolke, -sir Robert Trisilian lord cheefe iustice of England, to answer Thomas of Woodstoke duke -of Glocester, Richard earle of Arundell, Henrie earle of Derbie, and Thomas earle of -Notingham, vpon certeine articles of high treason, which these lords did charge them with. <span class="xxpn" id="p794">|794|</span> -And forsomuch as none of these appeared, it was ordeined by the whole assent of the parlement, -that they should be banished for euer, and their lands and goods mooueable and -vnmooueable to be forfeit and seized into the kings hands, their lands intailed onelie excepted. -Shortlie after was the lord chéefe iustice, Robert Trisilian found in an apothecaries -house at Westminster, lurking there, to vnderstand by spies dailie what was doone -in the parlement: he was descried by one of his owne men, and so taken and brought to -the duke of Glocester, who caused him forthwith the same daie to be had to the tower, and -from thence drawne to Tiburne, and there hanged.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Sir Nicholas Brambre executed with an axe of his owne -deuise.</p> - -<p><i>Ouid. li. I. de art.</i></p></div> - -<p>On the morrow after, sir Nicholas Brambre, that sometime had beene maior of London, -was brought foorth to iudgement and condemned, although he had manie fréends that -made sute to saue his life. This man had doone manie oppressions within the citie of -London (as was reported.) In his maioraltie, he caused great & monstruous stocks to be -made to imprison men therein, and also a common axe to strike off the heads of them -which should resist his will and pleasure, for he was so highlie in the kings fauour, that he -might doo what he would. And the report went, that he had caused eight thousand or -more to be indicted, which before had taken part with the lords, intending to haue put -them all to death, if God had not shortened his daies. Manie other euill fauoured reports -went abroad of him, as that he meant to haue changed the name of London, and to haue -named it little Troie, of which citie baptised with that new name, he purposed to be intituled -duke. But these were forged rumors deuised and spred abroad in those daies, as -manie other were, partlie by the vaine imagination of the people, and partlie of purpose, -to bring those whome the king fauoured further out of the peoples liking. But now -touching sir Nicholas Brambre: in the end being thus called to answer his transgressions, -he was found giltie, and had iudgement, neither to be hanged, nor drawne, but to be beheaded -with his owne axe which before he had deuised: seruing him heerein as Phalaris -the tyrant sometime serued Perillus, the inuentor of that exquisite torment of the brasen -bull, wherein the offendor being put (and the counterfet beast by force of fier made glowing -hot) hauing his toong first cut out, through extreamitie of paine made a bellowing alwaies -as he cried, as if it had béene the verie noise of a naturall bull. Of which strange torment -Perillus himselfe first tasted, suffering death by an engine of his owne deuising, -which he thought should haue purchased him a good liuing, whereof the poet saith:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Vt Phalaris tauro violentus membra Perilli</p> -<p class="pversea">Torruit, infelix imbuit autor opus.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Diuerse that stood against the lords executed.</p> - -<p>The duke of Glocester a seuere man.</p> - -<p>Sir Simon Burlie.</p></div> - -<p>After this, sir Iohn Salisburie, & sir Iames Berneis, both knights and lustie yoong men, -were by iudgement of parlement drawne and hanged. Then folowed Iohn Beauchampe -of the Holt, lord Steward of the kings house, that had serued king Edward the third, and -his sonne Lionell duke of Clarence: who likewise by decrée of this parlement was drawne -and hanged. Also Iohn Blake esquier, who in an infortunate houre stood against the lords -in the councell at Notingham, was now drawne and hanged, and so was one Thomas Vske. -Last of all (or as some hold, first of all) was sir Simon Burlie beheaded, although the earle -of Derbie did what he could to saue his life, by reason whereof, great dissention rose betwixt -the said earle, and the duke of Glocester: for the duke being a sore and a right -seuere man, might not by any meanes be remooued from his opinion and purpose, if he -once resolued vpon any matter. Some spite he bare (as was thought) towards the said sir -Simon Burlie, both as well for the faithfull fréendship, which was growne betwixt the duke -of Ireland, and the said sir Simon, as also for that he looked to haue had such offices and -roomes which sir Simon inioied, by the kings gratious fauour and grants thereof to him -made, as the Wardenship of the cinque ports, and constableship of the castell of Douer -and the office of high chamberleine.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>† <i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> fol. 191.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ But</span> -now, bicause of all these which were condemned and executed at this parlement, -in our common chronicles there is least written; and in Froissard, and diuerse private -pamphlets I haue read most of this sir Simon, I haue thought good to set downe some <span class="xxpn" id="p795">|795|</span> -part of his life, so largelie as this volume may well beare, although a great deale more -briefe than where I found it. This sir Simon was the son of sir Iohn Burlie knight of the -garter, and brought vp in his youth vnder his kinsman doctor Walter Burlie, who (as in -the latter end of king Edward the third you haue heard) was one of the chiefe that had -charge in the bringing vp of the Blacke prince, eldest sonne to the said king Edward. By -this occasion he grew into such fauour with the prince, that afterwards the said prince committed -vnto him the gouernance of his sonne Richard of Burdeaux, who as he was of a -gentle and courteous nature, began then to conceiue so great loue and liking towards him, -that when he came to the crowne and was king, he aduanced him highlie to great honours -and promotions, in somuch that at one time & other he was made knight of the garter, -constable of Douer, lord Warden of the cinque ports, lord chamberleine,† -earle of Huntington, -and also one of the priuie councell to the king.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Neither was there any thing doone concerning the affaires apperteining vnto the state -without his counsell, appointment, and direction, wherein he so much fauoured and leaned -to the partie of the duke of Ireland, that he was sore enuied, and greatlie hated of diuerse -of the rest of the nobilitie, speciallie of the kings vncle the duke of Glocester, who vpon -malice that he bare to the man, not so much for his owne demeanour, as for his alies, -and peraduenture for desire of his roomes, more than of his life, caused him to be accused -of diuerse offenses against the crowne, realme, and church; namelie, for that he had (as -they surmized against him) spoiled and wasted the kings treasure, and withholden the paie -of the souldiers and men of warre, wherevpon he was arrested, called to account, & hauing -no clerke allowed him to make vp the same, was found in arrerages 250000 franks. And -although for one part thereof he demanded allowance of monie, which he had defraied -and laid out in Almaine, and in Boheme, about the kings marriage, and for the residue -desired daies of paiment, yet he could obteine neither. Further, he was accused that the -duke of Ireland and he had gathered great summes of monie, conueied the same to Douer, -and from thence sent it in the night by sea into Germanie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p><i>Thoms. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>Lastlie, the archbishop (forsooth) and the moonks of Canturburie charged him that he -sought the means to remooue the shrine of the archbishop Thomas, otherwise called -Thomas Becket, from Canturburie vnto Douer, vnder a colour of feare, least the Frenchmen -being assembled in Flanders to inuade England, should land in Kent and take Canturburie, -and spoile it, where indeed (as they surmized against him) he meant to send it -ouer the seas vnto the king of Boheme. Herevpon he was first committed to the tower, -and before the king or his other friends could procure his deliuerance, he was without law -or iustice, before any of the residue (as some hold) brought foorth and beheaded on the -tower hill, by commandement of the duke of Glocester, and other of his faction, quite contrarie -to the kings will or knowledge, in somuch that when he vnderstood it, he spake manie -sore words against the duke, affirming that he was a wicked man, and worthie to be kept -shorter, sith vnder a colour of dooing iustice, he went about to destroie euerie good and -honest man. The king was also offended with the duke of Yorke, for his brothers presumptuous -doings, though the said duke of Yorke being verelie a man of a gentle nature, -wished that the state of the common-wealth might haue béene redressed without losse of -any mans life, or other cruell dealing: but the duke of Glocester, and diuerse other of -the nobilitie, the lesse that they passed for the kings threatening speach, so much more -were they readie to punish all those whom they tooke to be their enimies. In deed the -said sir Simon Burlie was thought to beare himselfe more loftie, by reason of the kings -fauour, than was requisite, which procured him enuie of them, that could not abide others -to be in any condition their equals in authoritie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>It should appeare by Froissard, that he was first of all, in the beginning of these stirs -betwixt the king and the lords, committed to the tower, and notwithstanding all the shift -that either the king, or the duke of Ireland, or anie other of his fréends could make for -him, by the duke of Glocesters commandement he was cruellie beheaded, so -greatlie to <span class="xxpn" id="p796">|796|</span> -the offense of the king, and those that were his trustie councellors, that therevpon the -king caused the duke of Ireland the sooner to assemble an armie against the said duke -and his complices, therby to restraine their presumptuous proceedings. But whether he -was thus at the first or last executed, to please the king the better, now at this parlement, -amongst others that were condemned in the same: his lands were giuen to the king, a -great part whereof he afterwards disposed to diuerse men as he thought expedient. But -yet in the parlement holden in the one and twentith yeare of this kings reigne, the act -of atteindor of the said sir Simon was repealed: and at an other parlement holden in the -second yeare of king Henrie the fourth, all his lands which then remained vngranted and -vnsold, were restored to sir Iohn Burlie knight, sonne and heire of sir Roger Burlie, -brother to the said Simon, of whom lineallie is descended Thomas Eins esquier, now -secretarie to the queenes maiesties councell in the north parts. And thus far touching -sir Simon Burlie, of whom manie reports went of his disloiall dealings towards the state, -as partlie ye haue heard, but how trulie the lord knoweth. Among other slanderous tales -that were spred abroad of him, one was that he consented to the deliuering of Douer -castell by the kings appointment to the Frenchmen for monie. But as this was a thing -not like to be true, so (no doubt) manie things that the persons aforesaid, which were -executed, had béene charged with, at the least by common report among the people, -were nothing true at all; although happilie the substance of those things, for which they -died, might be true in some respect.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Grafton.</i></p> - -<p>The iustices condemned to perpetuall exile.</p> - -<p>The king taketh an oth to performe the lords orders.</p></div> - -<p>Sir William Elmham that was charged also for withdrawing of the soldiers wages, discharged -himselfe therof, and of all other things that might be laid to his charge. As -touching the iustices, they were all condemned to death by the parlement, but such -meanes was made for them vnto the queene, that she obteined pardon for their liues. -But they forfeited their lands and goods, and were appointed to remaine in perpetuall -exile, with a certeine portion of monie to them assigned for their dailie sustentation: the -names of which iustices so condemned to exile were these, Robert Belknap, Iohn Holt, -Iohn Craie, Roger Fulthorpe, William Burgh, and Iohn Lokton. Finallie, in this -parlement was an oth required and obteined of the king, that he should stand vnto and -abide such rule and order as the lords should take: and this oth was not required onelie -of the king, but also of all the inhabitants of the realme.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> these troubles was the -realme of England in these daies, and the king brought into that case, that he ruled not, -but was ruled by his vncles, and other to them associat.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Arundell sent to the sea with a great nauie, -in aid of the duke of Britaine.</p> - -<p>Peraduēture Maluere, it may be Mongomerie.</p></div> - -<p>In the latter end of this eleuenth yeare was the earle of Arundell sent to the sea with -a great nauie of ships and men of warre. There went with him in this iournie, of noble -men, the earles of Notingham & Deuonshire, sir Thomas Percie, the lord Clifford, the -lord Camois, sir William Elmham, sir Thomas Morieux, sir Iohn Daubreticourt, sir -William Shellie, sir Iohn Warwike or Berwike, sir Stephan de Liberie, sir Robert Sere, -sir Peter Montberie, sir Lewes Clanbow, sir Thomas Coque or Cooke, sir William -Paulie or Paulet, & diuerse others. There were a thousand men of armes, and three -thousand archers. The purpose for which they were sent, was to haue aided the duke -of Britaine (if he would haue receiued them) being then eftsoones run into the French -kings displeasure, for the imprisoning of the lord Clisson constable -of France.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 12.</h2> - -<p>The earle of Arundell returneth out of France.</p></div> - -<p>But after that (contrarie to expectation) the duke of Britaine was come to an agréement -with the French king, the earle of Arundell drew with his nauie alongst the coasts -of Poictou, and Xaintonge, till at length he arriued in the hauen that goeth vp to Rochell, -and landed with his men at Marrant, foure leagues from Rochell, and began to pilfer, -spoile, and fetch booties abroad in the countrie. The Frenchmen within Rochell issued -foorth to skirmish with the Englishmen, but they were easilie put to flight, and folowed -euen to the bariers of the gates of Rochell.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Perot</span> le Bernois a capteine of Gascoigne, -that made warre for the king of England in Limosin, and lay in the fortresse of Galuset, -came foorth the same time, and made a roade into Berrie with foure -hundred spears. <span class="xxpn" id="p797">|797|</span> -The earle of Arundell, after he had laine at Marrant fiftéene daies, returned to his ships, -and finallie came backe into England, and Perot le Bernois likewise returned to his -fortresse.  <span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> the same time was a truce taken betwixt the parties English and -French on the marches of Aquitaine, to begin the first daie of August, and to indure -till the first of Maie next insuing.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p> - -<p>O Scotish crueltie and more than barbarous bloodthirstinesse.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> -this yeare 1388, in Lent, the Scots entred into the westerne borders, & what -with killing as also with burning they did much mischiefe. Moreouer they shewed extreme -crueltie against young children and sucklings, against women bigge with child and -in trauell, against weake and weerish men and crooked with age, in the countrie of Gildisland, -within the lordship of the lord Dacres, gathering them togither into houses, and -shutting them vp, and locking the doores, they burned without mercie or pitie to the -number (as it was said) of two hundred and aboue.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>An ouerthrow giuen to the Englishmen by the Scots at Otterburne.</p> - -<p><i>Fabian.</i> <i>Caxton.</i> A parlement at Cambridge.</p> - -<p>Sir Thomas Triuet slaine with the fall of his horse.</p></div> - -<p>This yeare in August, the Scots inuaded the countrie of Northumberland, and at Otterburne -ouerthrew a power of Englishmen, which the earle of Northumberland and his -sonnes had leauied against them. In this battell the earle Dowglas chiefe of that armie -of Scots was slaine, and the lord Henrie Percie, and his brother sir Ralfe, sonnes to the -said earle of Northumberland, were taken prisoners, as in the Scotish chronicles ye may -read more at large. After the feast of the natiuitie of our ladie, a parlement was holden -at Cambridge, in the which diuerse statutes were ordeined; as For the limiting of seruants -wages; For punishment of vagarant persons; For the inhibiting of certeine persons -to weare weapons; For the debarring of vnlawfull games; For maintenance of -shooting in the long bow; For remouing of the staple of woolles from Middleburgh vnto -Calis; For labourers not to be receiued, but where they are inhabiting, except with licence -vnder seale of the hundred where they dwell. There was also an act made, that -none should go foorth of the realme, to purchase anie benefice with cure or without cure, -except by licence obteined of the king; and if they did contrarie herevnto, they were to -be excluded out of the kings protection. There was granted to the king in this parlement, -a tenth to be leuied of the clergie, and a fiftéenth of the laitie. Moreouer, during the -time of this parlement, as sir Thomas Triuet was riding towards Barnewell with the king, -where the king lodged, by forcing his horsse too much with the spurs, the horsse fell with -him so rudelie to the ground, that his entrails within him were so burst and perished, -that he died the next daie after. Manie reioised at this mans death, as well for that men -iudged him to be excéeding haultie and proud; as also for that he was suspected not to -haue dealt iustlie with the bishop of Norwich, in the iournie which the bishop had made -into Flanders: but speciallie men had an ill opinion of him, for that he stood with the -king against the lords, counselling him in the yeare last past to dispatch them out of the -way.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Sir</span> Iohn Holland, the kings brother on the mothers side, that was latelie returned -out of Spaine, where he had beene with the duke of Lancaster, was now made -earle of Huntington.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1389.</div> - -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p> - -<p>Battell and slaughter betwéene flies.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> -Iulie, whiles the king was at Shéene, there swarmed togither in his court great -multitudes of flies and gnats, insomuch that in maner of skirmishing they incountered ech -other; and making great slaughters on both sides, were in the end swept awaie from the -place where they lay dead, with brushes and béesoms by heaps. This was deemed an -vnluckie prognosticat of some mischiefe like to fall vpon the necke of -the land.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Commissioners sent to treat a truce betwéene England, -France, and Scotland.</p> - -<p><i>Frossaird.</i></p></div> - -<p>Also in this twelfth yeare, were commissioners appointed to méet at Balingham, betwixt -Calis and Bullongne, to treat a truce to be had betwixt the realmes of England, -France and Scotland. Walter Skirlow bishop of Durham that had béene latelie before -remoued from Bath vnto Durham, from whence Iohn Fordham had béene translated vnto -Elie, was sent as head commissioner for the king of England, and with him were ioined -sir Iohn Cranbow, and sir Nicholas Dagworth, knights, and Richard Rowhale clearke, -a doctor of law. By Froissard it appeareth that the earle of Salisburie was one, & sir -Thomas Beauchampe lord deputie of Calis appointed likewise as an assistant with them. <span class="xxpn" id="p798">|798|</span> -The bishop of Baieux, the lord Valeran earle of S. Poule, sir Guillam de Melin, sir -Nicholas Bracque, and sir Iohn le Mercier came thither for the French king. And for -the king of Scots there appeared the bishop of Aberdeine, sir Iames and sir Dauid Lindsey, -and sir Walter Sankler, knights. After long treatie, and much a doo, at length a -truce was concluded to begin at Midsummer next, and to last thrée -years after.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of -Leceister abbeie.</p> - -<p>Scholers of Oxford togither by the eares.</p> - -<p>Truce of 3 years betwéene six kings.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> -this yeare of Grace 1389, in the Lent time, there sprang a pitifull strife in Oxford, -the variance in the yeare before being not fullie allaied, but both sides alwaies prouoking -ech other. For the Welsh scholers being euermore quarelous, and hauing the southerlie -scholers taking their parts, rose against the scholers of the north, so that to and fro manie -a deadlie mischiefe happened betwéene them. In the end, this strife did so increase, -that there was a daie of skirmish appointed and agreed vpon by both sides to be tried in -the field. But by the meanes of Thomas of Woodstoke duke of Glocester all this sturre -was appeased, and manie of the Welsh scholers banished from the vniuersitie.  <span class="nowrap">¶ On</span> the -thursdaie before Easter (being mawndaie thursdaie) the lord Beaumont gardian of Carleill -in the west marches entred Scotland fortie leagues, & spoiling Fowike, made wast at his -pleasure, and brought awaie with him manie Scots prisoners & captiues.  <span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> this -time a truce of thrée years was taken betwéene king Richard, the kings of France, Scotland, -Spaine, Portingale, and of Nauarre. This truce began on the first daie of August -in the néerer parts of the realme both by sea and land; and on the fiftéenth of August -in the further parts, because knowledge could not be giuen thereof without some long -time.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Scots in the time of treatie spoile the countrie of Northumberland.</p> - -<p>The Scots hauing prouided an armie to inuade England are hardly -persuaded to accept the truce.</p></div> - -<p>Whilest the commissioners were occupied in the marches betwixt Calis and Bullongne -about this truce, the Scots entring into Northumberland, did much mischiefe, leading -awaie manie prisoners, men and women, besides other great booties and preies which -they got abroad in the countrie. The lord Thomas Mowbraie earle of Notingham was -sent with fiue hundred spears to reuenge those attempts of the enimies: but for that his -power was small in comparison to theirs, he preuailed litle or nothing against them. Sir -Iohn Clanbow, and sir Richard Rouale clerke, tooke the French kings oth; and the earle -of saint Paule that had maried the ladie Maud Courtnie with other noblemen, came into -England, and receiued the kings oth here for the confirming of this last mentioned truce. -The Scots might not without much adoo be persuaded to accept this truce, being readie -the same time with an armie to enter into England, but yet through the diligence of such -Frenchmen as went thither for that purpose, at length they agreed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The kings question to his lords and others in the -councel chamber.</p> - -<p><i>Claudian.</i></p></div> - -<p>This yeare the king by counsell of some that were about him, called the nobles and -great men of the realme togither, and as they were set in the councell chamber staieng -till he came: at length he entring into the same chamber, and taking his place to sit -among them, demanded of them, of what age he was now? Whereto answer was made, -that he was full twentie yeares old. Then (said he) I am of yeares sufficient to gouerne -mine owne house and familie, and also my kingdome: for it séemeth aginst reason that -the state of the meanest person within my kingdome should be better than mine. Euerie -heire that is once come to the age of twentie years, is permitted, if his father be not liuing, -to order his businesse himselfe: then that thing which is permitted to euerie other person -of meane degrée by law, why is the same denied vnto me? These words vttered he with -the courage of a prince, not without the instigation and setting on of such as were about -him, whose drift was by discountenancing others to procure preferment to themselues, -abusing the kings tender years and gréene wit, with ill counsell for their aduantage: where -as it had béene more méete to haue giuen him those precepts which Claudianus hath in -his tract of the institution of a prince; and among others this:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Non tibi quid liceat, sed quid fecisse decebit</p> -<p class="pverse">Occurrat, mentémq; domet respectus honesti.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king taking vpō him the gouernement of all things displaceth diuerse -officers & setteth others in their roomes.</p> - -<p>Wickham bishop of Winchester made L. chancelor.</p></div> - -<p>When the barons had hard the words of the king, being therewith astonied, they made -answer, that there should be no right abridged from him, but that he might take vpon <span class="xxpn" id="p799">|799|</span> -him the gouernment as of reason was due. Well said he, yée know that I haue beene a -long time ruled by tutors, so as it hath not béene lawfull to me to doo anie thing, were -it of neuer so small importance, without their consents. Now therefore I will, that they -meddle no further with matters perteining to my gouernment, & after the maner of an -heire come to lawfull age, I will call to my councell such as pleaseth me, and I will deale -in mine owne businesse my selfe. And therefore I will first that the chancellor resigne -to me his seale. When the archbishop of Yorke (who in the yeare last past had béene -remooued from Elie vnto Yorke, and Alexander Neuill displaced) had deliuered vnto -him the seale, the king receiuing it of him, put it in his bosome, and suddenlie rising, -departed foorth of the chamber, & after a little while returning, sat downe againe, and -deliuered the seale to the bishop of Winchester, William Wickham, and so made him -chancellor, although sore against the same bishops will. He made also manie other new -officers, remoouing the old, and vsed in all things his owne discretion and authoritie. -The duke of Glocester, the earle of Warwike, & other honorable and worthie men, were -discharged and put from the councell, and others placed in their roomes, such as pleased -the king to appoint. At the same time he made fiue new -iustices.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ Of</span> -this assuming the regiment to himselfe, as diuerse diuerslie report: so Henrie -Knighton a man liuing in those daies, and committing to writing the occurrents of that -tumultuous time, saith as followeth. In the moneth of Maie, the king held a councell -at Westminster, and in the feast of the Inuention of the crosse, comming personallie to -the councell house he remooued all the great officers (contrarie to expectation and thinking) -from their offices, and at his pleasure placed in their roomes whome he list. He -remooued the archbishop of Yorke lord chancellor, and put in his place the bishop of -Winchester: he remooued the bishop of Hereford lord treasuror, and put another in his -place: he remooued the clearke of the priuie seale, and all other: so likewise did he the -iustices of either bench. But least the affaires of the realme should in the meane while -be hindered, he commanded the iustices of law to follow and prosecute things requisite -as they were woont, till such time as he was better aduised touching the prouiding of other -iustices. The erle of Arundell likewise, vnto whome the gouernment of the parlement -was committed, and the admeraltie of the sea, was remooued; and the earle of Huntington -put in his roome. In like sort dealt the king with the residue of his officers, -saieng that he ought not to be inferior in degree & of lesse account than an other ordinarie -heire whatsoeuer within the realme of England; sith the law and custome of the realme -of England auerreth, that euerie heire being in the gardianship of anie lord, when he is -growne to be one and twentie yeares of age, ought presentlie to inioy the inheritance left -him by his father, and is lawfullie to possesse his patrimonie, and freelie to dispose and -order his owne goods and chattels to his liking. But now it is come to passe, that I thus -manie yeares haue liued vnder your counsell and gouernement; and now first to God, -secondlie to you, I giue manifold thanks, that you haue gouerned and supported me, -mine inheritance, and my realme of England, as well within as without, & speciallie -against our enimies round about vs, all renowme of honour and praise to vs and our -kingdome alwaies safelie reserued. But now God hath so dealt for vs, that we are of full -age, so that we are two and twentie yeares old at this present: and we require that we -may fréelie and at libertie from this time forward rule and gouerne both our selues and -our inheritance; and we will haue our kingdome in our owne hands, and officers and -seruitors of our owne appointing at our pleasure; secondlie, as shall seeme to vs more -auaileable, by Gods grace, to elect, choose, and preferre vnto offices such as we doo -well like of, and at our pleasure to remooue such as be presentlie resiant, and in their -roomes to substitute and set others wheresoeuer and whomsoeuer we list. The king -hauing thus spoken, there was not one that went about to breake him of his will, but -they all glorified God, who had prouided them such a king as was likelie to prooue -discreet and wise. <span class="xxpn" id="p800">|800|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 13.</h2> - -<p>Wickleuists increase.</p></div> - -<p>In this season, the followers of Wickliffes doctrine maruellouslie increased, speciallie -in the diocesse of Sarum, where they had manie that tooke vpon them as ministers, both -to preach the word, and to dispense the sacraments. This they did in secret: but they -were discouered by one that had beene of their fellowship, who declared to the bishop of -Salisburie at his manor of Sonning, all the whole circumstances thereof, as he knew. -There were of them that preached in those daies earnestlie against pilgrimages, calling -such images as the people had in most veneration, as that at Walsingham, and the rood -of the north doore at Paules in London, rotten stocks, and worme eaten blocks, through -which the vnskilfull people being mocked and deceiued, were compelled most manifestlie -to commit idolatrie. The bishops (saith Thomas Walsingham) hearing, beholding, and -knowing these things with much more, to be true, did little or nothing to redresse the -same, saue onlie the bishop of Norwich who stirred coles, swearing and staring, that if -anie of that sect presumed to preach anie peruerse doctrine within his diocesse, he would -cause them either to hop headlesse, or to frie a fagot for it: he was therefore not a little -praised and extolled by the moonks and other religious men (as should appeare) for that -his zeale.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster returneth into Englād foorth of Gascoigne.</p> - -<p>A councell holden at Reding where <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> duke of Lancaster reconcileth -the king and the lords.</p></div> - -<p>In Nouember, the duke of Lancaster came foorth of Gascoigne into England, after he -had remained first in Spaine, and after in Gascoigne, thrée yeares togither. Of his successe -in Spaine is spoken before, & likewise of the agréement betwixt the king of Castile, -& the said duke, which was not in all points confirmed, till a little before his returne -now into England. About the same time the king had called a councell of his nobilitie at -Reading, to the which the duke of Lancaster made the more hast to come, bicause he -knew that the king would shew no good countenance to some of the noblemen; and -therefore he doubted least malicious offenses might arise betwixt them, which to appease -he meant the best he could, and his trauell came to good effect: for he did so much, that -as well the king as the lords departed from the councell as freends, the lords taking their -leaues of him in louing maner, and he courteouslie bidding them farewell: and so each -of them resorted vnto their homes well pleased for that present.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> king held his -Christmasse this yéere at Woodstoke, and the duke of Lancaster laie at his castell of -Hertford.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1390.</div> - -<p>The earle of Penbroke as he was learning to iust -is wounded to death.</p></div> - -<p>At the same time the lord Iohn de Hastings earle of Penbroke, as he was practising to -learne to iust, through mishap was striken about the priuie parts, by a knight called sir -Iohn S. Iohn, that ran against him, so as his inner parts being perished, death presentlie -followed. The losse of this earle was greatlie bemoned by men of all degrees, for -he was liberall, gentle, humble, and courteous to each one, aboue all the other yoong -lords in the land of his time. Of this earles ancestors this is reported for a thing strange -and maruellous, that from the daies of Aimer de Valence earle of Penbroke, that was -one amongst other that sat in iudgement of Thomas earle of Lancaster, there was not -anie earle of Penbroke succéeding the same Aimer de Valence, vnto the daies of this -yoong earle by misfortune thus slaine, that euer saw his father, nor yet anie of their fathers -might reioise in the sight of anie of their sonnes, being still called hence, before the time -came for them so to doo.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Francis Thin</i>, out of diuerse ancient monuments belonging -to the Hastings and others.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ Now</span> -héere, bicause this Iohn Hastings, being the last of that surname and armes of -the whole blood, which of that line inioied anie title of honor, I thinke it not vnfit for this -place (since other occasion will not be giuen therefore) to talke of the Hastings somwhat -higher than this man: though not from the shell to perpetuate the memorie of them, the -which I haue now doone, least otherwise by ingrate obliuion it might neuer hereafter come -to light. In which I will not begin from the first honourable Hastings, whose bloud by -manie descents continued, is thought by most ancient monuments, which I haue séene -and read, to haue béene a baron before the conquest in this land, and to haue borne the -same cote in the field, which this now slaine earle of Penbroke did: whereof hereafter in -my descriptions and lines of the earles of Penbroke I will make more ample discourse in a <span class="xxpn" id="p801">|801|</span> -new booke (if God giue good successe therein) onelie at this time making some small repetition -from that Henrie Hastings, from whome the Hastings (in respect of the mariage -of Alda daughter to Dauie earle of Huntington, brother to William king of Scots) did -descend: who (amongst others) in the reigne of Edward the first, made title to the kingdome -of Scotland. The originall of which name in this treatise I will neither flatteringlie -defend, nor obstinatlie reiect, to haue growne from Hastings the Dane, who in the reigne -of Alured (long before the conquest, about the yeare of our redemption 890) came with -Rollo into England, and for a certeine space infested this nation, departing aside to France. -And now to the purpose.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Henrie lord Hastings (who bare for his armes gold a manche gules) married Alda (or -Ada) the fourth daughter of Dauid earle of Huntington, she being one of the heires to -to Iohn Scot earle of Chester, & of Huntington (which died without issue) son of the -said Dauid, and brother to the said Ada. To this Henrie and Ada did Henrie the third -king of England, in the two & twentith of his reigne (in place of the portion of hir brothers -lands, which should haue descended to hir as parcell of the earledome of Chester, -for that the king would not haue the said earledome diuided amongst distaues) giue in exchange -certeine lands mentioned in this déed following.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The grant of Henrie the third, to Henrie Hastings and Ada his wife, for the exchange of -lands for hir part of the earledome.</h3> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Strattondale.</p></div> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">OMNIBUS, ad quos, &c; salutem.   Sciatis quòd concessimus pro nobis & hæredibus -nostris, Henrico de Hastings, & Adæ vxori eius, pro rationabili parte sua, quæ -prædictam Adam contingent, de hæreditate Iohannis quondam comitis Cestriæ fratris -ipsius Adæ in Cestershire, faciedo eis rationabile excambium, ad valentiam prædictæ -partis ipsam Adam contingentis de prædicto com. Cestershire.   Et ad maiorem securitatem -cōcessimus eidem Henrico & Adæ manerium nostrum de Bremesgraue cum pertinentibus -in comitatu Wigorniæ, manerium nostrum de Bolisoure cum castris & pertinentibus -in com. Derby, manerium nostrum de Mountesfeld cum Soka cū pertinentibus -in comitatu Notingham, manerium de Worsfeld cum pertinentibus in com. Salop. manerium -de Stratton cum pertinentibus in eodem com. manerium de Wiggutton cum pertinent -in com. Stafford, & maneriū de Woluerhamton cū pert. in eodē com. in tenentiam. -Tenendum eisdem Henrico & Adæ & hæredibus ipsius Adæ, quo vsq; prædicta -pars ipsam Adam contingens & de prædicta hæreditate extenta fuerit, & rationabile excambium -in prædictis terris vel alias eis assignauerimus.   In cuius, &c.   Teste rege apud -Ditton 11. Innij, anno regni nostri -22.<br class="fltstop" /></p></blockquote></div> - -<p>The which manours the said Henrie and Ada did hold during the life of the said Ada, -in peaceable and quiet possession. After hir death the said Henrie goeth into Gascoigne, -where he remained steward vntill the comming of Henrie the third, at what time the said -Henrie surrendered his office, but the king importunate with him still to reteine the same, -he flatlie denied it, and would no longer remaine there, suddenlie returning into England -without licence or knowledge of the king, for which contempt the king greeuouslie incensed, -in reuenge and for satisfaction of the same, made the same lands to be extended -by Thomas Paslew and others, who by the kings processe extended part thereof to a -treble value, after which extent returned into the chancerie, the king seized the manour -of Bremesgraue, Bolesoure, Strattondale in Norton, & left in his hands the manours of -Lierton, Oswardbecke, Cundoner, Wourfeld, and Wigutton, whereof the said Henrie -died seized. Two yeares before which grant of the lands before said to this Henrie, to -wit, in the twentith yeare of Henrie the third, the said Henrie Hastings made his petition -to serue in the pantrée (as he was bound by tenure) at the coronation of euerie prince, <span class="xxpn" id="p802">|802|</span> -the record whereof in the ancient written booke of the earls of Huntington, is in these -words following.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The record by which Henrie Hastings executed -the office of the panteller.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">VICESIMO Henr. tertij quo coronata fuit regina Elionara filia Hugonis comitis Prouinciæ -apud Westm. factæ sunt contentiones magnæ de seruitijs ministralibus, & de iuribus -pertinentibus ad eorum ministeria, sed respectuatur, iuribus singulis saluis, vt tumultus -requiesceret vsq; ad quindena Paschæ sequetis, &c.   Et Henricus de Hastinges, -cuius officium seruiendi de mappis à veteri vendicauit officiū illud, & habuit.   Nam -quamuis Thurstanus vendicauit officium illud, asserens suum esse debere à veteri, tamen -rex repulsat, & admisit Henricum de Hastinges, ea die assignans eisdem diem de contentione -finienda ad prædictum terminum.   Extractas verò post prandium mappas tanquam -suas ad officium pertinentes recepit.</p></blockquote></div> - -<p class="pfirst">This -Henrie had by Ada his wife, his sonne & heire Henrie Hastings, from whome Buchanan -dooth saie that Henrie Hastings now earle of Penbroke is descended, whereof I -will not now heere dispute.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Henrie Hastings knight, sonne of Henrie, after the death of his father, finding himselfe -greeued that the inheritance, which should haue descended vnto him from his mother, -was so withholden from him for the offense of his father, contrarie to law and iustice, -and without iudgement, but by the kings power, pursued a bill against the king, therby -to haue remedie and restitution, for the supposed false returne of the extent which was -made against his father; and vpon the same bill, this Henrie Hastings obteined a new -writ to make a fresh extent directed to maister Thomas of Wimundham, Robert de la -Laie, Robert de Solham, Hugh Peeche, & Thomas de Braie, to vnderstand if the remnant -of the lands to him descended, beside that by the king extended, would counteruaile -the value of such lands as he should haue by descent from and of the earle and earledome -of Chester, which matter neuer being ended in his time, was afterward prosecuted -of the Hastings from parlement to parlement, vntil the thirtie fourth yeare of Edward the -first, as more plainelie shall after appeare. Of this Henrie, Hollingshed intreateth much -in the reigne of Henrie the third: this man (being he that in the time of Edward the first, -made title to the crowne of Scotland) maried Ione one of the daughters of William Cantulpe -lord of Aburgauenie, in the right of Eua, one of the daughters and heires of William -Bewsa or Brewcusa, for I find both written, of which Ione this Henrie had issue Iohn -Hastings his sonne and heire, Edmund which maried Isabell, & had great possessions in -Wales: Ada first maried to Robert de Champane: Lora maried to sir Thomas the sonne -of sir Iohn de Latimer, and Ione which was a nun at Nottingham.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Iohn Hastings knight, sonne of the last Henrie, was borne at Asleghe, in the yéere of -our Lord 1262, and in the six & fortith yeare of the reigne of Henrie the third. This -man after his fathers death did (in the yeare of our Lord 1274, and the second yeare of -the reigne of Edward the first, being the kings ward) demand the execution of his office -of the pantrie, at the coronation of queene Elianor wife to Edward the first, but could not -execute the same by reason of his nonage, and also for that he was in ward to the said -king. After, when he was growne to full yeares, there arose in the yeare of our Lord -1305, and in the thirtie third yeare of the reigne of Edward the first, great contention -betweene Antonie Beake bishop of Durham, this Iohn Hastings, Iohn Balioll, and Robert -Bruse, for the manors of Penrith, Castlesoure, Salgkill regis, Lange Worthbie, -Carlaton, and of Werkine Tinehale, whereof Henrie king of Scots (kinsman of the said -Robert Bruse, Iohn Balioll, and Iohn Hastings, whose heire they were) died seized in -his demesne of fee. In which sutes after manie delaies made, -and manie summons <span class="xxpn" id="p803">|803|</span> -against the said bishop, the plée went without daie, bicause the bishop must go to Rome. -But after his returne the sute being reuiued and continued, it went once more without -daie, bicause the king seized the same into his hands, and held it all the time of his reigne. -These things thus doone, and Edward the first departed, this Iohn Hastings as yet not -hastie to renew his sute of the land, but rather to execute his right of the pantrie, did in the -first yeare of Edward the second, demand the executing of that office, at the coronation -of the said Edward the second and Isabell his wife at Westminster, which he obteined, -and laid the clothes and napkins in the great hall by him and other his knights, one the -tables whereat the king, the quéene, and other great states should dine, which (according -as I haue seene noted) was in this sort.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The order and number of clothes laied at the kings table, and how -Iohn Hastings had them for his fee.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">AD altam sedem ipsius regis tres mappas, & -super alias mensas in eadem aula 28 mappas, vnde quælibet pecia -continebat 4, & in parua aula coram regina, & alibi in ilia -parua aula 14, quarū quælibet pecia continebat 3.   Et -dum fuerūt ad comestum, mappas per se & suos custodiebat, & -post comestum illas trahebat, & deferre faciebat seruientes ad -seruiendum, & istas cum suis loquelis habebat sine voluntate vel -cum voluntate, & eas detinebat per totum festum coronationis, -licèt petitæ erant deliberatione, primò à senescallo regis, postea -ab ipso rege, per quod idem rex præcepit domino Willielmo Martin, -& alijs senescallis suis, quòd plenam & celerem iusticiam ei -facerent, & deliberationem de mappis prædictis si fuerit -faciendum.   Qui inde postea nihil facere voluerunt, aut -non curauerunt toto festo coronationis prædictæ, nec postea in -congregationibus.   Per quod postea dominus Iohannes de -Hastings fecit petitiones suas domino regi, & concilio suo, quòd -feodum suum mapparum prædictarum ei deliberaretur, pro vt ei de -iure fuerit deliberandum.   Et quòd fecit seruitium suum -debito modo, prout antecessor suus fecit longo tempore Henrici regis, -quando habuit feodum suum, tempore quādo desponsauit Elionaram filiam -comitis Prouinciæ, tanquam pertinens ad manerium suum de Asheley in -comitatu North. pro vt patet in Memorandum ipsius regis in camero suo -de scaccario diuersis locis in istis verbis.</p> - -<p>* Williame de Hastinges tient demye fee de chiualer in Asheley -du roy a fayre le seruice per seriante deestree panetre le roye, -which is found in the fourth leafe of Chester beginning, Le counte -Roger le Bigot, in the title of eschetes of seriantie in the countie -of Northfolke. Touching which it is thus further found in the same -place.   * Henrie de Hastings tient en Asheley du roye -per sergiante de la panetre, fo. Syesme.   * Henrie -de Hastings tient vn seriante de la panetre le roy en Ashelty, & -vaute per an. C. sol. fol. 9.   * Williame de Hastings -tient vn fee de chiualer en Asheley seriante deestree despenser en -le despens. le roy. fo. 4.   * Henrie de Hastings -tient vn terr en la ville de Asheley per le seruice deestree le -despenser.</p></blockquote></div> - -<p>Which petitions and all other petitions for his part of his land in the kings hands, by -the censure made in the time of Henrie the 3, the said Iohn Hastings lord of Aburgauennie -did pursue from parlement to parlement, vntill the parlement holden at Yorke after -Michaelmas, where supplication was made to the king, by him and others, that he might remaine -with the king in Gascoigne, as his steward or marshall: which if he would performe, -all his forsaid petitions and all other petitions which were reasonable, should be granted vnto -him. By occasion whereof he granted vnto the kings and the nobles request: so that the king -would find him pledges due therefore, and that he might obteine iustice in his inheritances, -and those his lawfull sutes, which had beene hitherto denied vnto him, which -thing the king faithfullie promised in euerie respect to be performed -towards him: <span class="xxpn" id="p804">|804|</span> -wherevpon he sailed into Gascoigne, in the yeare of Christ 1302, being the 31 of Edward the -first, the wednesdaie after the feast of S. Lucie. But for this faire shew, it séemeth he -sped neuer the better: for which cause not being restored in the 34 yeare of Edward the -first, he pursued his sute afresh, and had from the king at Yorke this definitiue sentence, -deliuered by the mouth of Walter Langhton, then the kings treasuror (as I find by such -notes as I haue séene) that he should séeke the records of the chancerie, and bring them to -the next parlement, which the said Iohn did. At what time he brought foorth the former -grant of Henrie the third, of the said lands giuen in recompense of his part of the earledome -of Chester. After which yet it was agréed by the king and his councell for diuerse -considerations (and mostlie (as I suppose) because he had refused to serue in Gascoigne, -and onelie went as it were inforced) notwithstanding all that the said Iohn could alledge, -that he should take nothing for his petition, but further to be in the kings mercie for his -false claime: the whole processe whereof I haue seene in an ancient written monument -of French. All which (as I gather) was done in the life of Edward the first (notwithstanding -that I haue a little vnorderlie before treated of the executing of his office of the -pantrie at the coronation of Edward the second, sonne to Edward the first) as may be -confirmed by Piers Longtoft in these verses:</p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Et pour peril escheuer toutz apres promist</p> -<p class="pverse">Ke Iean de Hastin cheualiere lit</p> -<p class="pverse">Emerie de la Bret barone ne pas petit</p> -<p class="pverse">Alant in Gascoigne touz sans contredit</p> -<p class="pverse">Pour la terme attendue del trevis auant dit.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Registrum comitum de Huntington.</p></div> - -<p>This Iohn married two wiues both called Isabell, whereof the first was Isabell -de Valence one of the daughters and heirs of William Valence earle of Penbroke -& lord of Aburgauennie, but how the said Wil. Valence came to the honor of -Aburgauennie, since William Cantelupe before named was once lord thereof, and -much about that time, I can not yet certeinlie learne. But yet I following good -authoritie haue set downe this Valence to be lord of Aburgauennie, & that he gaue -the same to one Iohn Hastings, which must néeds be this man, marieng his daughter. -The other wife of this Iohn Hastings, was Isabell the daughter of Hugh Spenser earle of -Winchester. By his first wife he had six children, to wit, Iohn Hastings his heire, William -Hastings that maried Elianor the daughter of sir William Martin, which died without -heires; Henrie Hastings that was a clerke, and Elizabeth Hastings maried to Roger -Greie lord of Ruthine sonne of sir Iohn Greie, of whom is descended Henrie earle of -Kent now liuing. Ione maried to Edmund Mortimer, by whom she had no issue, being -after maried to William de Huntingfield, by whome she had Roger de Huntingfield; and -Margaret Hastings maried to William the sonne of William Martin lord of Kemmies. By -Isabell Spenser his second wife, he had thrée children, to wit, Hugh Hastings lord of -Folliot, of whome shall be more intreated, when we come to the last Iohn Hastings erle -of Penbroke slaine at tilt, as before. Thomas Hastings, and Pelagia de Huntington. -His first wife Isabell Valence died 1305, being the 31 of Edward the first, and was buried -at the frier minors in Couentrie. His second wife ouerliuing hir husband, was after -maried to sir Rafe Monthermer, for which mariage the said Rafe was fined by Edward the -second at a thousand marks, as appeareth in the rols of the chancerie of 13 of Edward -the second: she died the 9 of Edward the third, & was buried in the frier minors of Salisburie. -This Iohn Hastings departed this life 1313, the sixt yeare of the reigne of Edward -the second.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Iohn Hastings lord Hastings and Aburgauennie, was borne in the fiftéenth yeare of -Edward the first, in the yeare of Christ 1287. For at the death of his father, which happened -(as before) in the sixt yeare of Edward the second, he was found to be of the age of -six & twentie years, which if it be added to the yeare of our Lord 1287, make vp the full -number of 1313, in which his father died. This man in the eight yeare of Edward the -second at the parlement holden at London in the Carmelite friers, being about the yeare <span class="xxpn" id="p805">|805|</span> -from the birth of Christ 1314, renewing the sute to the king (after the death of Antonie -Beke bishop of Durham, which happened in the yeare of our Lord 1310) for the lands, -whereof his father had the said bishop in sute, and which were after seized into the kings -hands, as before appeareth, in the life of his father. It was then found vpon search, that -sir Iohn Ballioll (who was partie to the said sute before) had the realme of Scotland by -award: by reason of certeine lands that he gaue to sir Antonie de Beke the bishop of -Durham: for which cause it séemed king Edward the first seized the same lands into his -hands as forfeit to him, in that they were after the maner of a bribe giuen to the said -bishop, to support the sute of the said Iohn Balioll for the obteining of the crowne of -Scotland. And for that cause this Iohn Hastings was counselled by such as willed him -well, that he should surceasse his sute, and so he did. This Iohn Hastings maried Iulian -the daughter of Thomas lord Leiburne the sonne of William lord Leiburne, and had by -hir Laurence de Hastings: after which this Iohn Hastings died in the eightéenth yeare -of Edward the second, and in the yeare of our Lord 1325. His wife Iulian liued manie -yeers after, and surrendred hir life in the fortie one yeare of Edward the third, and in the -yeare of our Lord 1366.</p> - -<p>Laurence Hastings lord Hastings and Aburgauennie, was also afterward earle of Penbroke, -he was borne about the thirtéenth yeare of Edward the second, being also about -the yeare of our redemption 1320: which is proued by this, that the said Laurence was -fiue yeares old at the death of his father, which (as before is said) happened in the yeare -1325, and in the eightéenth of Edward the second, at what time he was seized as the -kings ward, and committed to the gouernement of tutors, appointed him by the said Edward -the second. This Laurence Hastings for the nobilitie of his race, the actiuitie of -him selfe, the largenesse of his possessions, and his familiaritie with the king, was -created earle of Penbroke, about the one and thirtith yeare of the reigne of king Edward -the third. He maried Anne or Agnes the third daughter of sir Roger Mortimer the first -earle of March, by whom he had issue Iohn Hastings.</p> - -<p>Iohn Hastings earle of Penbroke lord Hastings Aburgauennie and Weifford in Ireland, -the sonne of Laurence Hastings the first earle of Penbroke of that name, did in the fortie -one yeare of Edward the third, being about the yeare of our Lord 1369, infeoffe diuerse -persons of the manor of Lidgate in Suffolke, of which towne was Iohn Lidgate the monke -of Berie and famous poet of England surnamed. After which in the fortie six yeare of -Edward the third, and in the yeare of our Lord 1371, when the Frenchmen besieged -Rochell, he was sent with an armie of men to the rescue of the same. But being set -vpon by the Spanish nauie in the hauen of Rochell, they slue and tooke manie of the -English, burnt their nauie, and caried the earle with sundrie other prisoners into Spaine; -where this earle a long time remained prisoner. Which misfortune was iustlie supposed -to haue fallen vpon him, because he was a man of euill life, giuen greatlie to lecherie, an -infringer of the liberties of the church, and a persuader of the king that he should (for -his warres) more grieuouslie exact manie subsidies and contributions vpon the clergie -than vpon the laitie. After that he had béene long prisoner in Spaine (by the space -almost of three yeares) he was ransomed for a great summe of monie, by Bertram Cleikine, -and died (as I coniecture by some sufficient proofe) betwéene Paris and Calis, as -he came into England, in the fortie ninth yeare of Edward the third, in the yeare of our -Lord 1374: so that he neuer fullie paied his ransome. He had two wiues, Margaret the -daughter of Edward the third, & Anne the daughter of sir Walter Mannie and of Margaret -Segraue made dutchesse of Northfolke in the time of Richard the second: but when -he maried these wiues, I can not certeinlie find. And in the earle of Kents booke -(which treateth of the contention of the Hastings and the Greies, for bearing of the -armes of Hastings) there is no mention made (as farre as my memorie serueth) of the -said Margaret; the reason whereof I suppose to be, for that this Iohn Hastings had no -issue by hir: and that booke onelie serued to conueie a lineall descent from the Hastings <span class="xxpn" id="p806">|806|</span> -to intitle the Greies. This Iohn Hastings had by his second wife (Anne) a sonne called -Iohn Hastings, which after succéeded his father in all his inheritances.</p> - -<p>But before I saie anie more of the Hastings, I thinke it not amisse to giue some warning -of an error in Polydor of Vrbin, writing that Anne the countesse of Penbroke (wife to -this man, for none of the earles of Penbrokes had anie wife so named within the compasse -of years wherein Polydor appointeth this time) descended of a noble house of S. Paule in -France, a woman of great vertue, and a louer of learning and of learned men, founded a -house in Cambridge, to this daie called Penbroke hall: which in truth was not builded by -hir, but by Marie the wife of Odomare or Aimer de Valence earle of Penbroke, who was -slaine at tilt in the one & twentie yeare of Edward the third, in the yeare of our Lord -1374: which was thirtie seauen yeares before the death of this Iohn Hastings earle of -Penbroke: which Marie was in verie déede the daughter of Guie earle of S. Paule, the -kinswoman of Edward the third, and a French woman. This woman being in one daie -(& that the daie of hir mariage) a maid, a wife, & a widow (hir husband being that -day slaine at tilt) did in hir widowhood (in the one & twentith yeare of Edward the 3, in -the yeare of our Lord 1374) erect that house in Cambridge vpon hir owne ground, and -appointed the same to be called the hall of Marie Valence, or Penbroke hall: by meanes -whereof it was long after called Aula Valentiæ Mariæ.</p> - -<p>Now to returne (where I left) to the last wife of this Iohn Hastings called Anne, she -(after the death of hir husband) did at the coronation of Richard the second, in the yeare -of Christ 1382, being about the fift yeare of the reigne of the said Richard, sue by petition -to execute by hir deputie the office of the panteler, by reason of the manor of Ashley, which -she had for hir iointure, whervnto she was admitted, & by hir deputie sir Thomas Blunt -knight did performe the same: as this record dooth testifie, in which is set both hir petitions, -and the iudgement thereof in this forme.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The record whereby dame Anne Hastings clameth the office -of the pantrie.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">ITEM Anna quæ fuit vxor Iohannis Hastings nuper comes -Penbrochiæ porrexit in curia quandam petitionem suam in hæc verba.   -A treshonore seigneur le due de Lancast. & senescall d’Angliter -supplie Anne que fuit le femme Iohn de Hastinges nadgares countie de -Penbroke, qui cōme le mannor de Asheley in le com. de Northfolke soit -tenens de nostre seigneur le roy par le seruice de faire le office -de napperie al coronement le roy, quel mannor soel tient en dower -del dowement son dit baron.   Ore plest luy accepter del faire son -office person deputie, a cestie coronement nostre seigneur le roye, -pernant les fees du dit office ceastascauoir les nappes quant il sont -sustreytz.   Et quia post ostensionem verisimilium euidentiarum & -rationem ipsius Annæ, ac proclamationem in curia prædicta debitè -factam, in hac parte nullus huiusmodi clamor ipsius Annæ contradixit: -consideratum fuit quòd ipsa ad officium prædictum per sufficientem -deputatum suum faciendum admitteretur, & sic officium illud per -Thomam Blunt militem, quem ad hoc deputauit, dicto die coronationis in -omnibus perfecit, & peracto prandio mappas de mensis subtractis pro -feodo suo recepit.</p></blockquote></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">Thus -this much touching this Iohn Hastings earle of Penbroke and dame Anne Mannie -his wife.</p> - -<p>Iohn Hastings (the sonne of Iohn Hastings last recited) was earle of Penbroke lord -Hastings Aburgauennie & Weisford, who being verie yoong at the time of his fathers death, -was ward first to Edward the third, and then to Richard the second, but neuer saw his -full age of one and twentie yeares, nor euer possessed the lands wherevnto he was borne: -for not long after that he had married Philip the second daughter of Edmund Mortimer -(earle of March Vlster and lord of Wigmore) he was [about the -ninetenth yeare of his age, <span class="xxpn" id="p807">|807|</span> -the fiftéenth yeare of king Richard the second, and the yeare of our redemption 1391, -being a youthfull and lustie yoong gentleman (but tender and slender) in the Christmasse -time, when the K. held that feast at Woodstoke in Oxfordshire] willing to learne to iust, -whervpon in the parke then incountring with a knight called Iohn saint Iohn (a valiant -and stout person) he was slaine when they ran togither, as the said knight did cast his -speare from him, and so the said earle receiuing this manner of death, no man knew whether -it happened by mishap or of purpose. To which Iohn Hastings now slaine, Margaret -Segraue duchesse of Northfolke his grandmother (by his mother the daughter of sir Walter -Mannie) was executrix and disposer of all his substance. After his death, his widow the -ladie Philip was married to Richard earle of Arundell, & after that to Iohn lord saint -Iohn, being the same man (as I suppose) which slue hir first husband this Iohn Hastings. -But here before the death of this Iohn I must not forget, that though he were within age -at the coronation of Richard the second, as not being past nine or ten yeares old; he sued -to execute at the said coronation, the offices which his ancestors had afore performed. -But bicause his mother had the mannor of Ashley in dower (as is before expressed) he -did not sue to serue in the pantrie, but leauing that, demandeth the carieng of the second -sword and the golden spurs before the king. The records of both which I haue here set -downe.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The petition for the second sword which the earle of Arundell also claimed to beare, -was in this sort.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">IOHANNES -de Hastings nuper comes Penbrochiæ protulit quandam petitionē -in hæc verba.   A treshonoree seigniour le duc de Lancastre & seneschall -d’Angleterre, Iohn fitz & heyre Iohn de Hastinges counte de Penbroke, -que cōme il tient le Chastell de la ville de Tynbye, le grange de -Kingswood, le cōmote de Craytrath, le mannor de Chastell Martin, & le -mannor de Traygaire per seruice de porter le second espee deuant le -roy a son coronement: qui pleast a luy, accepter a son dit office a -faire ore a ceste coronement.   Et super hoc Richardus comes Arundell -& Surrey exhibuit in curia quandā aliam petitionē in hæc verba.   A -roy de Chastell & de Lion duc de Lancastre & senescall d’Angleterre, -supplie Richard counte de Arundell & Surrey, de luy receuer a -faire son office, a porter le second espee deuant le roy ore a son -coronement, que luy appertient de droit pur le countie de Surrey.   -Quibus petitionibus intellectis & auditis, & hinc inde dictorum -comitum rationibus, pro eo quòd dictus Iohannes comes Penbrochiæ (qui -infra ætatē in custodia regis existit) ostendit curiæ meliores & -verisimiliores rationes pro se, quàm prædictus comes Arundell pro ipso -monstrauit.   Dominus rex declarata coram eo materia prædicta, præcepit -Edmundo comiti mariscallo, quòd ipse gladium prædictum ista vice in -nomine iure prædicti comitis Penbrochiæ deferret, saluo iure alterius -cuiuscunq;.   -Qui quidem mariscallus gladium ilium ex hac causa die -coronationis gestabat calcaribus deauratis.</p></blockquote></div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The other bill exhibited for the golden spurs, is registred in this order,</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">IOHANNES -filius & hæres Iohannis de Hastings nuper comitis Pēbrochiæ exhibuit in -curia quandam petitionem in hæc verba.   A treshonore seigneur le roy de Chastell, &c.   -Et seneschall d’Anglterre, supplie Iohne fitz & heyre Iohne Hastings nadgares counte de -Penbroke, de estre receue a son office de porter les grandes esperon, d’oores deuant le roy -nostre seigneur ore a son coronement, en mannor cōme William le marischall son ancester -les porta il coronoment de roy. Edw. audita & intellecta billa prædicta, pro eo quòd -Iohannes est infra ætatem & in custodia domini regis, quanquam sufficientes ostendit -curiæ recorda & euidētias, quòd ipse seruitium prædictum de iure facere deberet; <span class="xxpn" id="p808">|808|</span> -consideratum extitit, quòd esset ad voluntatem regis, quis dictum seruitium ista vice in iure -ipsius Iohannis faceret.   Et super hoc rex assignabat -Edmundum comitē mariscallum, -ad deferēdum dicto die coronationis prædicta calcaria in iure ipsius hæredis.   Saluo iure -alterius cuiuscunque, & sic idem comes mariscallus illa calcaria prædicta in dicto die coronationis -coram ipso domino rege deferebat.</p></blockquote></div> - -<p>In this Iohn Hastings ended all the honorable titles of the Hastings, bicause this man -dieng without issue, his inheritances were dispersed to diuerse persons; for the honour of -Penbroke came to Francis at court by the kings gift, the baronies of Hastings and Weisford -came to Reinold Greie of Ruthine, the baronie of Aburgauennie was granted to -William Beauchampe of Bedford: for all which lands, and for the bearing of the armes -of this same Iohn Hastings without difference, great contention grew betwéene sir Edward -Hastings knight (descended of Isabell Spenser) and Reinold Greie lord Greie of Ruthine, -sonne of Reinold Greie, sonne of Roger Greie, that married Elizabeth daughter of Isabell -Valence, for both the said lord Greie and sir Edward Hastings were descended by two -venters (as partlie before and partlie hereafter shalbe shewed) from one man Iohn Hastings, -husband to both said Isabels. For the explanation whereof, and lineall descent to -conueie the said sir Edward Hastings from the said sir Iohn Hastings, first lord of Aburgauennie -of that surname; I must here repeat a little of that which I haue alreadie written: -which is, that the said Iohn Hastings first lord of Aburgauennie, hauing two wiues, -both Isabels, by his first wife Isabell Valence had Elizabeth maried to Roger Greie, and -by his second wife Isabell Spenser, he had issue Hugh Hastings knight, from whome we -are to deduce the said sir Edward Hastings in this sort. Hugh Hastings knight lord of -Folliot (in the right of his wife) being sonne of the second wombe of Isabell Spenser, and -Iohn Hastings sonne of Henrie Hastings married Margerie the daughter and heire of sir -Richard Folliot, by whom he came to be lord of Folliot, and alwaies bare the armes of -Hastings with a difference of a second brother of a second venter. This marriage was -procured and made by Isabell his mother, who purchased the said ward for him. This -Hugh died in the yeare of Christ 1347, in the one and twentith yeare of Edward the -third, and was buried in the church of Elsing, in Elsrug in Northfolke which he -builded; his wife Margerie died in the yeare 1349, being the thrée and twentith yeare -of Edward the third, and was buried in the chappell of Fornewell. This Hugh had -issue by his wife Hugh Hastings his heire, and a daughter married to sir Robert de la -Mare.</p> - -<p>Hugh Hastings knight, the sonne of Hugh and Margerie Folliot did marrie the daughter -of Adam de Eueringham, by whom he had Hugh Hastings his sonne and heire, and two -daughters, the one married to Winkfield, and the other to a knight called Elmham. This -Hugh died at Calkewelhell or Gwines, and was buried in the friers of Doncaster, in the -yeare of our Lord 1369, about the foure & fortith yéere of Edward the third. This man -for him and his heires in difference from the other Hastings, earles of Penbroke his kinsmen -by the halfe blood, did beare the Hastings armes with the labell, quartered with the armes -of Folliot. Hugh Hastings knight the sonne of Hugh and Margaret Eueringham married -Anne the daughter of Edward Spenser earle of Glocester, by whom he had issue Hugh -Hastings and Edward Hastings, which contended with Reinold Greie lord of Ruthine. -This Hugh tooke his pilgrimage to Ierusalem & died in Spaine, after whose death dame -Anne Spenser his wife was maried to Thomas lord Morleie. Hugh Hastings eldest son -of Hugh Hastings and dame Anne Spenser, married the daughter of sir Wil. Blunt -knight; this Hugh died at Calis at the mariage of Richard the second, to Isabell the -daughter of the king of France, about the 19 yeare of the reigne of the said Richard, being -the yeare of our redemption 1395, who dieng without issue, all his right and title came to his -brother Edward. <span class="xxpn" id="p809">|809|</span></p> - -<p>Edward Hastings knight brother of the last Hugh began the contention with Reinold -Greie lord of Ruthine, for the right of the lands, honors, and armes without difference of -the last Iohn Hastings earle of Penbroke. This sute began about the eight yeare of -Henrie the fourth, and continued at least vntill the fift yeare of Henrie the fift, if not -longer; but in the end (notwithstanding manie false pedegrees counterfeited by this -Hastings, and his vncle Henrie bishop of Norwich, one of the house of the Spensers) yet it -was adiudged against the said sir Edward Hastings in the marshals court, that the lands, -honors, and armes without difference, as the last Iohn Hastings earle of Penbroke did -beare them, with the armes of William Valence earle of Penbroke, should be onelie borne -by the said lord Greie of Ruthine and his heires, as being of the whole blood, and next -heire to the said last Iohn Hastings earle of Penbroke, and that the said Edward Hastings -should vtterlie be barred to beare the armes of Hastings, but quartered with the armes of -Folliott, as onelie descending of the halfe blood of the said last earle of Penbroke of that -name. And that all other pedegrees what so euer (except this) are false, and of purpose -contriued, as appeareth by a notable booke and monument thereof remaining in the hands -of Henrie Greie now earle of Kent (descended of the said Reinold Greie of Ruthine) -conteining all the processe, examinations, witnesses, pedegrees & iudgements thereof, -more plainelie maie appeare. In which contention there was shewed a matter by the -deposition of sir William Hoo knight not vnworthie to be remembred (though it touch -not the Hastings) concerning armorie and bearing of differences in armes, which was, -that the said sir William said on his oth in the tenth yeare of Henrie the fourth, that before -the times of Edward the third, the labell of three points was the different appropriat and -appurtenant for the cognizance of the next heire; but the same king made his sons to -beare the entire armes with labels of thrée points, with certeine differences in the said -labels, to be knowen the one from the other, except his sonne the duke of Glocester, who -bare a border about the armes of France and England. And thus, this much Francis Thin -touching the name of Hastings.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Lancaster canonized for a saint.</p> - -<p>A bill against wearing of badges.</p> - -<p>No reteiners to weare badges.</p> - -<p>An act against mediators for wilfull murderers.</p></div> - -<p>In this yeare Thomas earle of Lancaster, for the opinion which had béene conceiued of -him, by reason of miracles and other respects, was canonized for a saint. The mondaie -next after the feast of saint Hilarie, a parlement was begun at Westminster, in which there -was a bill exhibited by the commons, that the lords and great men of the realme should -not giue to their men badges to weare as their cognizances; by reason that through the -abuse thereof, manie great oppressions, imbraseries, vnlawfull maintenances, and wrongs -were practised, to the hinderance of all good orders, lawes, and iustice. The lords would -not consent altogither to laie downe their badges; but yet they agreed that none should -weare any such cognizance except their seruants of houshold, and such as were in ordinarie -wages by the yeare.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> the same parlement, certeine persons that had gone about some -new rebellion in Kent, being apprehended, were condemned, and so were drawne and -hanged.  <span class="nowrap">¶ There</span> was also an act made against such as should passe the seas, to purchase -prouisions (as they termed them) in any church or churches. And if any from thencefoorth -attempted so to doo, he should be reputed and taken as a rebell. Also there was -an act prouided against those that committed any wilfull murder, that none should presume -to sue for their pardon. A duke or an archbishop that so sued, should forfeit to the -king an hundred pounds. Likewise an earle or a bishop, an hundred marks, &c.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster made duke of Aquitaine.</p> - -<p>Great tempest.</p> - -<p>Great plague.</p> - -<p>Great dearth.</p> - -<p><i>Ab. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p> - -<p>A roiall hunting.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, in this parlement it was granted, that the king should haue of euerie sacke -of wooll fortie shillings, of the which ten shillings should be applied presentlie to the -kings vses, and thirtie shillings residue of the fourtie shillings should remaine in the hands -of the treasurors, towards the bearing forth of the charges of wars when any chanced. ¶ -Also there was a subsidie granted of six pence in the pound, foure pence to the vse last -mentioned, and two pence to be imploied at the kings pleasure. In the same parlement, -Iohn duke of Lancaster was created duke of Aquitaine, receiuing at the kings hand the -rod and cap, as inuestures of that dignitie. Also the duke of Yorke his sonne and heire <span class="xxpn" id="p810">|810|</span> -was created earle of Rutland. In the fift of March a sore and terrible wind rose, with -the violence whereof, much hurt was doone, houses ouerthrowne, cattell destroied, and -trees ouerturned. After this insued great mortalitie by pestilence, so that much youth -died euerie where, in cities and townes, in passing great numbers. Herewith followed a -great dearth of corne, so that a bushell of wheat in some places was sold at thirtéene -pence, which was thought to be at a great price.  <span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> the feast of S. Peter ad Vincula, -Iohn duke of Lancaster caused a great number of the nobles and péeres of the realme to -hunt at Leicester in the forrest and all the parkes there to him apperteining. On the -saturdaie the king and quéene were present, the archbishop of Yorke, the duke of Yorke, -Thomas Woodstoke duke of Glocester, the earle of Arundell Iohn of Holland, the earle -of Huntington, with other bishops, lords and ladies a great manie, and on thursdaie next -following the king departing from thence towards Notingham soiourned with the lord of -Beaumont besides Loughborrow.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A iournie against the Saracens.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 14.</h2> - -<p>The English archers good seruice.</p></div> - -<p>In this thirtéenth yeare of king Richards reigne, the christians tooke in hand a iournie -against the Saracens of Barbarie, through sute of the Genowais, so that there went a -great number of lords, knights, and gentlemen of France and England, the duke of -Burbon being their generall. Out of England there went one Iohn de Beaufort bastard -son to the duke of Lancaster (as Froissard hath noted) also sir Iohn Russell, sir Iohn -Butler and others. They set forward in the latter end of this thirtéenth yeare, and came -to Genoa, where they remained not long, but that the gallies and other vessels of the -Genowais were readie to passe them ouer into Barbarie. And so about Midsummer in -the beginning of the fourteenth yeare of this kings reigne, the whole armie being embarked, -sailed foorth to the coasts of Barbarie, where neare to the citie of Affrike they landed, at -which instant the English archers (as some write) stood all the companie in good stead, -with their long bowes, beating backe the enimies from the shore, which came downe to -resist their landing.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p>The earle of Derbie his exploits in his iournie against the -infidels of Prutzenland.</p></div> - -<p>After they had got to land, they inuironed the citie of Affrike, (called by the moores -Mahemedia) with a strong siege: but at length constrained with the intemperancie of the -scalding aire in that hot countrie, bréeding in the armie sundrie diseases, they fell to a composition -vpon certeine articles to be performed in the behalfe of the Saracens, and so 61 -daies after their first arriuall there, they tooke the seas againe, & returned home, as in the -histories of France and Italie is likewise expressed. Where, by Polydor Virgil it may -séeme, that the lord Henrie of Lancaster earle of Derbie, should be capteine of the English -men, that (as before ye haue heard) went into Barbarie with the Frenchmen, and -Genowais. It should otherwise appeare by other writers, who affirme that the said earle -made a iournie in deed the same time against the miscreants, not into Barbarie, but into -Prutzenland, where he shewed good proofe of his noble and valiant courage: for ioining -with the masters and knights of the Dutch order there, the armie of the Lithuanians -that came against the said order was vanquished, and foure chiefe leaders of the Lithuanians -were taken prisoners, thrée other being slaine, with thrée hundred of their chiefest -and best approoued soldiers. Through the policie also and worthie manhood of the -earle of Derbie, there was a certeine citie taken, where the said earle and his men first -entring vpon the walles, did set vp his banner: other being slouthfull, or at the least -vnskilfull how to deale in such exploits. There were taken and slaine foure thousand of -the common people, and amongst them that were found dead, the king of Polognies -brother was one. The castell of the same citie was besieged fiue weekes space: but by -reason of sickenesse and such infirmities as chanced in the armie, the masters of Prutzen, -and Lifeland would not tarie any longer, but breake vp their siege and returned. The -master of Lifeland led with him into his countrie thrée thousand prisoners.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A roiall iusts holden in Smithfield at London.</p> - -<p>The manner of the iusts in Smithfield.</p> - -<p>Siluer saith <i>Froissard</i>.</p></div> - -<p>In the meane time, whilest the christians were thus occupied, as well against the infidels -Barbarie, as in the east parts towards Littawe, a roiall iusts and martiall turnament -was proclaimed to be holden within Smithfield in London, to begin on sundaie -next after <span class="xxpn" id="p811">|811|</span> -the feast of saint Michaell. And bicause this triumphant pastime was published, not onelie -in England, but also in Scotland, in Almaine, in Flanders, in Brabant, in Heinault, & -in France, manie strangers came hither foorth of diuerse countries, namelie Valeran erle -of saint Paule, that had married king Richards sister the ladie Mauld de Courtnie, and -William the yoong erle of Osteruant, sonne to Albert de Bauiere earle of Holland and -Heinault. -At the daie appointed, when all things were prepared there issued foorth of -the tower about thrée of the clocke in the after noone sixtie coursers apparelled for the -iustes, and vpon euerie one an esquier of honor, riding a soft pace. Then came foorth -foure and twentie ladies of honour (three score saith Froissard) mounted on palfries, -riding on the one side richlie apparelled, and euerie ladie led a knight with a chaine of -gold. -Those knights being on the kings part, had their armor and apparell garnished -with white hearts and crownes of gold about their necks, and so they came riding through -the stréets of London vnto Smithfield, with a great number of trumpets and other instruments -before them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king kept opē household in the bishop of London his palace by Paules church. The K. festeth the strangers.</p> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster feasteth the strangers.</p></div> - -<p>The king and the queene, with manie other great states were readie placed in chambers -richlie adorned to see the iusts: and when the ladies that led the knights, were come to -the place, they were taken downe from their palfries, and went vp into chambers readie prepared -for them. Then alighted the esquires of honor from their coursers, & the knights -in good order mounted vpon them. And so when their helmets were set on their heads, -and that they were redie in all points, after proclamations made by the heraults, the iusts -began, and manie commendable courses were run, to the great pleasure, comfort, and -recreation of the king, the quéene, and all other the beholders. The prise that daie on the -answerers part was giuen to the earle of saint Paule; and on the chalengers side, to the -earle of Huntington. On the mondaie, the king himselfe, with dukes, earls, lords, and -knights, came to the iusts, he being cheefe of the inner part. That daie the prise was -giuen to the erle of Osteruant, for the best dooer of the vtter part: and of the inner part, -to a knight of England called sir Hugh Spenser. On the tuesdaie, all manner of esquiers -iusted, and likewise on the wednesday all maner of knights and esquires that would, on -which daie was a sore and rude iusts, enduring till night. And so manie a noble course -and other martiall feats were atchiued in those foure daies, to the great contentation and -pleasure of manie a yoong batcheler desirous to win fame, & also highlie to the kings -honour, who by all that season held his court in the bishops palace by Paules church, -kéeping open houshold for all honest persons that thither resorted, especiallie euerie -night after the iusts were ended, a right sumptuous and princelie supper was prepared -for the strangers and other, and after supper, the time was spent in dansing and reuelling -after the most courtlike maner. On the thursdaie, the king made a supper to all -the lords, knights, and gentlemen strangers, and the quéene to all the ladies and gentlewomen. -On the fridaie the duke of Lancaster feasted at dinner all the said lords, -knights, and gentlemen strangers, in most sumptuous and plentifull maner. On the -saturdaie, the king and all the whole companie departed from London vnto Windsore, -where new feasting began, and speciallie the king did all the honour that might be deuised -vnto the earls of saint Paule and Osteruant. The earle of Osteruant, at the earnest -request of the king, receiued of him the order of the Garter, for the which he was euill -thought of afterwards by his freends, namelie the French king and others. Finallie, -after the king had thus feasted the strangers and others at Windsore, each man tooke -leaue of the king, the queene, and the kings vncles, and other lords and ladies, and so -departed, the strangers into their owne countries, and other home to their houses, or -whither they thought best.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Angl. præl. sub. Rich.</i>2.</p> -<p>* Smithfield. *</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ This</span> -solemne iusts or tornement being touched, or rather in ample maner described -by Ch. Okland, is reported of him to haue béene kept for actiuitie sake, and to set the -youth & lustie blouds of the court on worke, who otherwise (bicause the king was yong -and loued to liue in peace and ease, feats of armes and warlike prowesse -both abroad and <span class="xxpn" id="p812">|812|</span> -at home languished and laie as it were a fainting) through idlenesse and want of exercise, -degenerating and growing out of kind from their woonted warlike valiantnesse, should -giue themselues to filthie lecherie, riot, sléepe, loitering pastimes, and slouthfulnesse, all -which doo greatlie impaire prowesse. Wherevpon (saith he)<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Rege priùs de re consulto, ludicra diri</p> -<p class="pverse">Martis opus simulatum inter se bella mouebant,</p> -<p class="pverse">Atq; dies totos viginti quattuor hastis</p> -<p class="pverse">Assumptis, studio statuunt decurrere fixo.</p> -<p class="pverse">Deinde idem numerus procerum pars prima lacessens</p> -<p class="pverse">Mittit ad externas gentes qui talia pandant.</p> -<p class="pverse">Ludus ab Angligenis mense exercebitur vno</p> -<p class="pverse">Hasticus. Vrbi hærens * fabrorum dictus * agellus</p> -<p class="pverse">Extra Londini muros, spatiosus & amplus</p> -<p class="pverse">Est locus: hîc stadium cursuris, certáq; meta</p> -<p class="pverse">Ponitur, huc veniant quacúnq; ex gente creati</p> -<p class="pverse">Sanguine magnorum heroum. Certamine victor</p> -<p class="pverse">Qui fuerit, terris prosternens corpora plura,</p> -<p class="pverse">Aut plures hastas frangens, donabitur auri</p> -<p class="pverse">Multa vi, capiet quàm plurima ditia dona</p> -<p class="pverse">Præmia virtutis, Richardo hæc dante brabæa, &c.</p> -</div></div> - -<p>Hauing thus described the place where the iusts should be kept, with the rewards, and -other circumstances; he toucheth the countries from whence the forren nobilitie came, -that should vndertake triall of chiualrie with these foure and twentie challengers: who at -the daie appointed (saith he) came pransing out of the Towre vpon their great barded -horsses through the broad streets, and their ladies of honor with them gorgiouslie decked -with bracelets, owches, cheines, iewels, spangles, and verie sumptuous attire: a goodlie -sight for the people to behold. At last, when they were come to Smithfield, and althings -readie, the trumpets sounded to the exercise; and both parties, as well the English as -the outlandish cheualiers ran togither, and tried their strengths till they did sweat and -were tired, their horsses panting and braieng with the violence of their bodilie motion; -their staues being crasht in sunder, flue vp into the aire, and the broken stocke or -stumpe hitting the aduersarie ouerthrew him to the ground: the beholders with ioy of -heart gaue a shout thereat, as greatlie delighted with the sight. Then came the night and -brake off the first daies tornement. On the next daie when they should renew and fall -afresh vnto it againe, they shewed themselues in courage equall to their ancestors, and -handled their matters so well that they got them great renowme. The third daie came, -and the multitude of people still gathered togither woondered at the right valiant deeds -of the valorous horssemen, how they did tosse, hoisse vp, and wind their speares, and -with what force they vsed their armes, what courage appeared in their statelie horsses, and -how the verie heauens rang with the ratling of their armor, and the strokes giuen to and -fro. Euerie daie brought with it his portion of pleasure, both to the contenders, and to -the beholders. When the time was expired of this tried chiualrie, necessarie occasion -mooued the king of England to set his mind on other matters, so that commending the -prowesse of the outlandish lords, he bestowed vpon them massie cheines of gold, & loding -them with other gifts of great valure, dismissed them into their countries. But the English -challengers required nothing but renowme for their reward, being allured onelie with -the loue of praise; and thus when these pastimes of chiualrie were quite ended, euerie -man got him home to his owne house. Thus farre Christopher Okland, touching the -description of this Hippomachia ludicra inter concertatores Anglos & externos.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1391.</div> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p>Ambassadors from the French king for a perpetual peace. <i>Froissard</i>.</p> - -<p>A proclamatiō that all English beneficed men in Rome should -returne into England.</p></div> - -<p>Ambassadors were sent from the French king, vnto the king of England, to make an -ouerture of peace to be had, and to indure for euer betwixt the two realmes of England -and France, sith that by warre it was apparant inough, that neither realme, -could greatlie <span class="xxpn" id="p813">|813|</span> -benefit it selfe, -but rather sore indamage either other, as afore time it had come apparantlie -to passe. Therefore the matter being well considered, both parts séemed well -affected towards some good conclusion by treatie to be had of a full and perfect peace. -About the same time, by the king with the aduise of his councell, proclamation was made -and published at London, that all beneficed men abiding in the court of Rome, being -Englishmen borne, should returne home into England before the feast of S. Nicholas, -vnder paine to forfeit all their benefices; and such as were not beneficed, vnder a paine -likewise limited. The Englishmen hearing such a thunder clap a farre off, fearing the -blow, left the popes court, and returned into their natiue soile.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The pope sendeth his nuncio to king Richard.</p></div> - -<p>The pope troubled with such a rumbling noise, sent in all hast an abbat as his nuncio -vnto the king of England, as well to vnderstand the causes of this proclamation, as of -statutes deuised and made latelie in parlement against those that prouided themselues of -benefices in the court of Rome by the popes buls, which séemed not a little preiudiciall -to the church of Rome: in consideration whereof the said nuncio required that the same -statutes might be repealed and abolished, so farre as they tended to the derogation of the -church liberties: but if the same statutes were not abolished, the pope might not (said -his nuncio) with a safe conscience otherwise doo than procéed against them that made -those statutes, in such order as the canons did appoint. Moreouer the said nuncio declared -to the king certeine dangerous practises betwixt the antipape and the French king; -as to make the duke of Touraine the French kings brother king of Tuscane and Lombardie, -and to establish the duke of Aniou in the kingdome of Sicile.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The popes nuncio openeth to the king the Frēch kings priuie practises.</p> - -<p>Nuncio.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, he gaue the king to vnderstand, that if the French king might compasse by -the antipapes meanes to be chosen emperour, he would seeke to vsurpe vpon ech mans -right, and therefore it stood the king of England chieflie in hand to prouide against such -practises in time. And as for the treatie of peace which the Frenchmen séemed so much -to fauour, it was to none other end, but that vpon agreement once had, they might -more conuenientlie compasse their purpose in the premisses. -Furthermore the nuncio -earnestlie besought the king of aid in the popes behalfe against the French king, if (as he -threatned to doo) he should inuade him in Italie with open force. The king séemed to -giue fauourable eare vnto the nuncio, and after aduise taken, appointed to staie till -after Michaelmasse, at what time a parlement was appointed to be assembled, wherein -such things as he had proponed should be weied and considered, and some conclusion -taken therein.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p> - -<p>A sore bridle for the clergie.</p></div> - -<p>About this time or in the yeare 1391, according to Henrie Knightons account, there -was a prophane statute made against the church & churchmen; namelie, that no ecclesiastical -person or persons should possesse manors, glebeland, houses, possessions, lands, -reuenues or rents whatsoeuer, at the hands of the feoffer, without the kings licence & the -chiefe lords. And this statute extended it selfe, as well to parish churches, chappels, -chanteries, as abbeies, priories, & other monasteries whatsoeuer: likewise to citizens of -cities, to farmers, & burgesses, hauing such rents or possessions for the common profit. -For men in those daies, that would bestow land or liuelod vpon church, fraternitie, or -conuent, and were not able for cost and charges to procure a mortmane, vnder the kings -licence and chiefe lords; were wont to feoffe some speciall men, in whom they had confidence -and trust; vnder whose name and title, churchmen, or anie other fraternitie or -conuent might inioy the profit of the gift, and might haue the commoditie thereof in possession. -And it was prouided by that statute, that all and euerie as well persons ecclesiasticall -as parishioners, both citizens, burgesses, and farmers, or anie other whatsoeuer, -hauing such rents, possessions, manors, or anie reuenues whatsoeuer, in the hands of such -feoffers, without the licence of the king and chiefe lords; that either they should obteine -and get a licence of the king and the chiefe lords to make it a mortmaine; or else -set such things to sale, & raise profit of them, on this side or before the feast of Michaelmasse -next insuing: or the said feast being past and expired, that then -the king and the <span class="xxpn" id="p814">|814|</span> -chiefe lords, in things not ordered and disposed accordinglie, may enter and seize vpon -the same, and them haue and hold at his and their pleasure.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Glocester his iournie into Prutzen land.</p> - -<p>The duke of Glocester in great fauor with the commons.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 15.</h2> - -<p>A great death in Yorke and sundrie other places.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time, the duke of Glocester went into Prutzen land, to the great griefe -of the people, that made account of his departure, as if the sunne had beene taken from -the earth, doubting some mishap to follow to the common wealth by his absence, whose -presence they thought sufficient to stay all detriments that might chance, for in him the -hope of the commons onelie rested. In his returne home, he was sore tormented with -rough weather and tempestuous seas. At length he arriued in Northumberland, and -came to the castell of Tinmouth, as to a sanctuarie knowen to him of old, where after -he had refreshed him certeine daies, he tooke his iournie homewards to Plaschie in Essex, -bringing no small ioy for his safe returne to all the kingdome.  <span class="nowrap">¶ On</span> the ninth of Iulie -the sunne séemed darkened with certeine grosse and euill fauoured clouds comming betwixt -it and the earth, so as it appeared ruddie, but gaue no light from noone till the -setting thereof. And afterwards continuallie for the space of six weeks, about the middest -of the daie, clouds customablie rose, and sometimes they continued both daie and night, -not vanishing awaie at all.  <span class="nowrap">¶ At</span> the same time, such a mortalitie and death of people -increased in Northfolke, and in manie other countries of England, that it seemed not -vnlike the season of the great pestilence. In the citie of Yorke there died eleuen thousand -within a short space.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Henrie</span> Persie earle of Northumberland lieutenant of -Calis, was called home from that charge, and created warden of the marches against -Scotland, and Robert Mowbraie was sent to Calis to be the kings lieutenant -there.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A parlement at London.</p> - -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster ambassador for the king, right -honorablie receiued into France.</p> - -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester -abbeie.</p></div> - -<p>On friday next after All soules day, the parlement began at London, in which the -knights would in no wise agrée, that the statute made against spirituall men, for the prouiding -themselues of benefices in the court of Rome should be repealed: -but yet they -agréed thus much, that it should be tollerated, so as with the kings licence -such spirituallmen might purchase to themselues such benefices till the next parlement.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> this parlement -aforsaid, there was granted vnto our lord the king one tenth of the clergie, and -one fiftéenth of the people towards the expenses of Iohn duke of Lancaster, who in Lent -next following went ouer into France to the citie of Amiens for a finall peace betweene -the kingdoms of England and France: where the king of France met him with a shew -of great pompe and honor, sending before him first of all to welcome him thither the -citizens of the same citie on horssebacke in a verie great number. Then afterwards, he -sent earles and barons a great manie to the same end, then his two vncles, last of all went -the king himselfe to meet him, and saluting him called him by the name of The most -worthie warrior of all christendome, the inuincible woorthinesse of the king onelie excepted. -And the duke had seauentéene daies (by couenant) to compasse this treatie of -peace: at last he returned, hauing attendant vpon him in his traine the bishop of Durham, -and the sonne of the duke of Yorke the earle of Rutland, with a thousand horssemen, -set foorth in a woonderfull sumptuous sort with goodlie furniture.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Also</span> conditionallie -a whole tenth and a whole fiftéenth were granted to him, -if it chanced that he made anie -iournie that yeare against the Scots.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> this yeare, the duke of Gelderland sent to the -king of England letters of commendation & praise, wherein also were prouocations and -stirrings vp to warre and warlike actiuitie, and to the exercise of kinglie noblenesse, the -tenor whereof followeth:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The tenor of the said dukes letter to king Richard.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">MAGNIFICE princeps, innata vobis probitas, & prudentum consilia (vt opinamur) -simul agerent in officium, quòd singula hæreditaria iura, quæ ex natalitio vestram magnificant -regiam maiestatem, temporibus vestræ discretonis altissima prouidentia munirentur -illæsa; et si quæuis oppugnaret violentia, clypeo militari studeat -regalis industria <span class="xxpn" id="p815">|815|</span> -fortiter defendere sua iura.   Et quòd vestram regiam personam cōtingamus in affinitate, -ni vetet Deus ipse, quin semper parati erimus vobis in vestris iuribus defendendis assistere -cum duobus milibus lancearū, quando & quotiens disponemini ad bellica conuolare.   -Nec perire debeant iura propter verba aut promissa, quomodolibet ad hoc laborat versutia -Gallicorum.   Sanè serenissime princeps in orbem volat fama, nec ambigitur quòd -propter lanam & innumerabilia vestra singularia commoda, sine quibus non viuit oriens -neque auster, regna singula in pecunijs vos salutant.   In comparatione igitur ad alios -reges vobis confert Deus ipse diuitias centuplatas.   Probitas etiam militaris, & arcuum -asperitas, sine pari, taliter huc vsque extulere gentem magnanimam occidentis, quòd timor -non paruus vestros inuadit aduersarios; & ad hunc diem impariter victoriosè dimicauit -cum Gallicis Angliæ gens austera.   In pusillanimitate igitur (potentissime princeps) -contra naturam non obdormeat cor leonis; sed & quales vobis contulit vires natura, ipsas -applicare dignemini actibus bellicosis, in defensionem reipublicæ; iuris hæreditarij sustentationem, -augmentúmque meriti, & incomparabiliter chronicabilem probitatem cordis -magnanimi tanti regis.</p></blockquote></div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The same letter in plaine phrase verbatim Englished by A. F.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">MOST mightie prince, your roiall prowesse and the counsels of the sage, should altogither -(as we thinke) moue you in dutie, by the most profound & deepe foresight of your -discretion in time to maintaine and defend all and singular your rights & inheritance vnharmed, -which by birth doo magnifie and make great your roiall maiestie, and if anie -violence whatsoeuer gainstand and assault the same, your kinglie diligence should indeuor -with the shield of a warrior valiantlie to defend your title and right.   And bicause -we are neere you, & doo as it were touch your roiall person in aliance, vnlesse God himselfe -doo forbid and hinder vs, we will alwaies be readie in all your rights to assist and -aid you with two thousand pikes, when and how often soeuer you shall be disposed to -rush out to battell.   Your right ought not to be lost for words and promises, howsoeuer -the craftinesse of the French labor to this purpose.   Trulie most excellent prince, your -renowme doth flie into the world, neither is it doubted but for your wooll sake, and -other your singular commodities being innumerable (without the which the east and the -south can not liue) all realmes with their coines doo greet you.   In comparison therefore -of other kings God himselfe hath bestowed vpon you riches a hundred fold.   Your warlike -prowesse also, & the roughnesse of your bowes, being peerelesse, haue hitherto so -extolled the couragious nation of the west, that no small feare dooth inuade your aduersaries; -and to this day the sterne people of England haue (none like them) victoriouslie -incountered with the French.   Therefore ô most puissant prince, let not the hart of a -lion sleepe in cowardlinesse against nature: but what force and valiantnesse nature hath -giuen you, the same vouchsafe to put in practise with feats of armes in defense of your -common wealth, the maintenance of your right by inheritance, the increase of your desert, -and the peerelesse prowesse of so great a kings couragious hart -right worthie to be chronicled.</p></blockquote></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The flix gotten by excessive feeding on fruits.</p> - -<p>The lord maior of London commended for his carefull -prouision of corne from beyond the seas in the time of dearth.</p></div> - -<p>The price of corne that had continued at an high rate, almost for the space of two -yeares, began to fall immediatlie after haruest was got in, to the great reliefe of the poore, -which before through immoderate eating of nuts and apples, fell into the disease called -the flix, whereof manie died, and suerlie (as was thought) the death and dearth had -beene greater, if the commendable diligence of the lord maior of London had not béene, -in relieuing the commons by such prouision as he made for corne to be brought to London, -from the parties of beyond the seas, where otherwise neither had the countrie béene -able in anie thing to haue sufficed the citie, nor the citie the countrie. -H. Knighton <span class="xxpn" id="p816">|816|</span> -referreth this scarsitie to the yeare 1390, and maketh a large discourse both of the miseries -which it brought with it, as also of the cause whereby it was procured, and of the notable -meanes whereby the same in most places was remedied.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leceister -abbeie.</p> - -<p>The cause of the scarsitie was not want of bread or corne.</p> - -<p>Wooll sold dogcheape by the stone.</p> - -<p>Prouision against scarsitie to relieue the poore.</p> - -<p>O charitie of London!</p></div> - -<p>In this yeare (saith he) was a great dearth in all parts of England, and this dearth or -scarsitie of corne began vnder the sickle, and lasted till the feast of saint Peter ad vincula, -to wit, till the time of new corne. This scarsitie did greatlie oppresse the people, -and chieflie the commoners of the poorer sort. For a man might sée infants and children -in stréets and houses, through hunger, howling, crieng, and crauing bread: whose mothers -had it not (God wot) to breake vnto them. But yet there was such plentie and abundance -of manie yeares before, that it was thought and spoken of manie housekéepers and -husbandmen, that if the séed were not sowen in the ground, which was hoorded vp and -stored in barnes, lofts, and garners, there would be inough to find and susteine all the -people by the space of fiue yeares following. But the cause of this penurie, was thought -to be the want of monie in a great manie. For monie in these daies was verie scant, -and -the principall cause hereof was, for that the wooll of the land lay a sléepe and hoong -heauie in some mens hands by the space of two yeares; and in others thrée yeares, without -a chapman. For it was enacted in a certeine parlement, that the merchants of England -should not passe out of the land with wooll and other merchandize, but should bring -the same vnto twelue places within the realme appointed for the same purpose, that the -merchants strangers might haue recourse thither with their commodities and so by exchange -should transport our merchandize for theirs. By meanes whereof the merchants -of England did forbeare to buy wooll and other wares vntil the next parlement insuing, -wherein it was granted them to traffike whither they would with their commodities. -In these daies wooll was dogcheape: for one stone of good wooll of the chosen and piked -sort, was sold for thrée shillings, and in Leicester and Kent at some times for two shillings -or two and twentie pence. This scarsitie of victuals was of greatest force in Leicester -shire, & in the middle parts of the realme. And although it was a great want, -yet was not the price of corne out of reason. For a quarter of wheat, when it was at -the highest, was sold at Leicester for 16 shillings 8 pence at one time, and at other times -for a marke or fourteene shillings: at London and other places of the land a quarter -of wheat was sold for ten shillings, or for litle more or lesse. For there arriued eleuen -ships laden with great plentie of victuals at diuerse places of the land, -for the reliefe of -the people. Besides this, the citizens of London laid out two thousand marks to buy -food out of the common chest of orphans: and the foure and twentie aldermen, euerie -of them put in his twentie pound a péece for necessarie prouision, for feare of famine, -likelie to fall vpon the citie. And they laid vp their store in sundrie of the fittest and -most conuenient places they could choose, that the néedie, and such as were wroong -with want, might come & buy at a certeine price so much as might suffice them and -their familie: and they which had not readie monie to paie downe presentlie in hand, -their word and credit was taken for a yeares space next following, and their turne serued. -Thus was prouision made that people should be relieued, and that none might perish -for hunger.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A dolphin taken at London bridge.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1392.</div> - -<p>Ambassadors sent to the French king to treat of peace.</p></div> - -<p>On Christmasse day, a dolphin that came foorth of the sea vp the Thames vnto -London-bridge, was espied of the citizens as he plaied in the water, and being followed -& pursued, with much adoo was taken. He was ten foot long, and a monstrous growne -fish, so as the sight of him was strange to manie that beheld him. He was thought by his -comming so farre into the landward, to foreshew such stormes and tempests as within a -wéeke after did raginglie follow. -Ye haue heard how the matter for a treatie of peace -had béene first broched by the French king, by sending ambassadors to the king of England, -to mooue the same. -Which motion being throughlie considered of the estates -assembled in this last parlement, it was decréed, that it should go forward (as before ye -haue heard) and so about Candlemasse, the lord Thomas Persie, sir -Lewes Clifford, and <span class="xxpn" id="p817">|817|</span> -sir Robert Briquet, with diuerse other in their companie, were sent ouer to the French -king, and comming to Paris, found him lodgd in his house of Loure, where they declared -to him the good affection of the king their maister toward peace. And the better to bring -it to passe, they shewed that king Richards desire was to haue some place and time appointed -for commissioners to méet, with authoritie to treat and conclude vpon articles, as -should be thought expedient. The French king greatlie honored these ambassadors, in -feasting and banketting them for the space of six daies togither, and for answer, concluded -with them, that he himselfe, with his vncles and other of his councell, would be at -Amiens by the middest of March next insuing, there to abide the king of Englands comming, -and his vncles, if it should please them thither to come.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Sir Robert Briquet a Frenchman of king Richard his priuie -chamber. The dukes of Lancaster & Yorke, the earls of Derbie and -Huntington, the lord Thomas Persie, the bishops of Durham and London -were sent ouer, as <i>Froissard</i> saith.</p> - -<p>A roiall ambassage.</p> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster, a prince of great renowne.</p></div> - -<p>The English ambassadors said there was no doubt, but that either the king himselfe, or -his vncles shuld be there at the day assigned, with full authoritie to conclude anie agréement -that should seeme reasonable, and so those ambassadors returned with great gifts -presented on the kings behalfe to ech of them, sir Robert Briquet excepted, vnto whome -it séemed the French king bare no great good will, for that being a Frenchman borne, he -had euer serued the Nauarrois or Englishmen, and was now one of king Richards priuie -chamber. The king of England (as some write) was once minded to haue passed the -seas himselfe, to haue met the French king at Amiens, at the time appointed, but finallie -the duke of Lancaster, the bishop of Durham, and others, were sent thither with a traine -néere hand of a thousand horsses. At their comming into France, they were roiallie -receiued: for the French king had made no lesse preparation for the duke of Lancasters -comming, than if he had béene emperor. The duke of Lancaster verelie was estéemed -to be a verie mightie prince, and one of the wisest and sagest princes in all christendome, -in those daies; so that it séemed the French king reioised greatlie, that he might come -to haue conference with him. There were with the French king héere at Amiens, his -brother the duke of Thoureigne; his vncles, the dukes of Berrie, Burbon, and Burgognie, -& a great number of earles, lords, and other nobles of the realme of France. Before the -Englishmens comming, for auoiding of strife and debate that might arise betwixt the English -and French, a proclamation was set foorth conteining certeine articles, for the demeanor -which the French men should obserue towards the Englishmen.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The truce prolonged for a yeare. <i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>Whilest they there remained, all the Englishmens charges were borne by the French -king, from their setting foorth from Calis, till they came backe thither againe. As touching -their treatie, manie things were proponed, diuerse demands made, and some offers, -though to small purpose, for they tooke not effect, insomuch as they departed without -concluding anie thing, further than that the truse which was to end at Midsummer next, -was prolonged to continue one yéere more, that in the meane time, the lords and estates -of the realme of England might assemble, and with good aduise deliberate, whether it -were more expedient to agrée vnto a determinate peace, or to pursue the doubtfull -chances of warre. And such was the end of that roiall ambassage, to the furnishing -foorth whereof, the king demanded an aid as well of the abbats and priors, as of the cities -and good townes through the whole realme.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A councell at Stamford.</p> - -<p>The duke of Gelderland commeth into England.</p> - -<p>The duke of -Gelderland dissuadeth the king from peace with the French and Scots.</p></div> - -<p>Anon after the returne of the duke of Lancaster, and other the ambassadors that had -béene at Amiens, a councell of the lords and chiefe states of the realme was called at -Stamford, the which (as if it had béene vnto a parlement) there came foorth of euerie -good towne certeine persons appointed to deliberate and take aduise in so weightie a -matter, as either to conclude vpon peace, or else vpon warre. But in the end they -brought little or nothing to passe, sauing that they agréed to haue the truce to indure for -twelue moneths longer: both kings sware to obserue the same, afore such as were -appointed to sée their othes receiued. -About the same time came the duke of Gelderland -into this realme, being the kings cousine, a right valiant and hardie gentleman: he -was honorablie receiued and welcomed of the king, and of his vncles, the dukes of Lancaster -and Glocester. -This duke of Gelderland counselled -the king not to conclude <span class="xxpn" id="p818">|818|</span> -peace, either with the Frenchmen or Scots, except vpon such conditions as might be -knowne to be both profitable and honorable to him and his realme, promising that if he -had occasion to make warre against either of those two nations, he would be readie to -serue him with a conuenient power of men at armes of his countrie. After he had -béene here a time, and highlie feasted and banketted, aswell by the king as other great -estates of the realme, he returned home, not without diuerse rich gifts.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Londoners refuse to lend the king a thousand pounds.</p></div> - -<p>The king about this season sent to the Londoners, requesting to borrow of them the -summe of one thousand pounds, which they vncourteouslie refused to lend: and moreouer -they fell vpon an Italian or Lombard (as they termed him) whom they beat and -néere hand slue: bicause he offered to lend the king that monie. Whereof when the -king was aduertised, he was sore mooued against them, and calling togither the most part -of the péeres and noble men of his realme, declared vnto them the froward dealings of -the Londoners, complaining sore of such their presumption. The lords and great men, -séeming not greatlie to fauour the Londoners, gaue counsell that the insolent pride of -those presumptuous persons might with speed be repressed. The citizens of London in -those daies (as should appeare) vsing their authoritie to the vttermost, had deuised and -set foorth diuerse orders and constitutions to abridge the libertie of forreners that came -to the citie to vtter their commodites. Religious men that wrote the dooings of that age, -seemed also to find fault with them, for that they fauored Wicliffes opinions, & therefore -did charge them with infidelitie, and mainteining (I know not how) of Lollards & -heretikes: but howsoeuer the matter, went they fell at this present into the kings heauie -displeasure.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A great fire kindled about a little sparke.</p> - -<p>A riot by the Londoners vpon the bishop of Salisburies men.</p></div> - -<p>Some there be that write, how the king piked the first quarell against the maior and -shiriffes, for a riot committed by the vnrulie citizens, against the seruants of the bishop of -Salisburie: for that where one of the same bishops seruants had taken a horsse-lofe frō a -bakers man, as he passed by in Fléetstréet with his basket to serue his masters customers, -and would not deliuer it againe, but brake the bakers mans head, when he was earnest to -haue recouered the lofe, the inhabitants of the stréet rose, and would haue had the -bishops man to prison for breaking the kings peace: but he was rescued by his fellowes, -and escaped into Salisburie house, -that stood there within the allie, and as then belonged -to his master the bishop of Salisburie, being at that time high treasuror of England. The -people being set in a rage for the rescue so made, gathered togither in great multitudes -about the bishops palace gate, and would haue fetched out the offendor by force.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Walter Romane.</p></div> - -<p>To conclude, such a hurling was in the stréet, that the maior, with the shiriffes, & -diuers aldermen came thither with all speed, to take order in the matter, and to sée the -peace kept; but after the cōming thither of the maior, the commons of the citie resorted -to the place in far greater numbers than before; and the more they were the worsse they -were to rule, and would not be persuaded to quiet themselues, except the bishops seruant, -whose name was Walter Romane, might be had out of the house, and committed to prison: -but at length, after manie assaults, lifts, & other indeuours made to haue broken vp -the gates of the house, the maior & aldermen, with other discréet commoners appeased -the people so, as they brought them to quiet, and sent euerie man to his house.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The bishop of Salisburie maketh a gréeuous cōplaint -of the Londoners to the king.</p> - -<p>The maior & shiriffes of London sent for to Windsore to the king, -& there imprisoned.</p></div> - -<p>The bishop was then at Windesor where the court laie, who being informed of this -matter, by a gréeuous report and happilie in worsse manner than the thing had happened -indeed, tooke such indignation therewith, that taking with him Thomas Arundell archbishop -of Yorke, then lord chancellor of England, he went to the king and made an -heinous complaint against the citizens for their misdemeanor, so that his displeasure was -the more kindled against the citizens, in so much that, whether in respect of this last remembered -complaint, or rather for their vncourteous deniall to lend him the thousand -pounds, and misusing the Lombard that offered to lend the same, I cannot saie; but -sure it is, that the maior and shiriffe, and a great sort more of the citizens, were sent for -to come to the court, where diuerse misdemeanors were obiected and -laid to their charge: <span class="xxpn" id="p819">|819|</span> -and notwithstanding, what excuse they pretended, the maior and shiriffes with diuerse -other of the most substantiall citizens, were arrested. The maior was committed to the -castell of Windesor, and the other, vnto other castels and holds, to be safelie kept, till -the king, by the aduise of his councell, should determine further what should be doone -with them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The liberties of London seized. A gardian appointed to -gouerne the citie of London.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 16.</h2> - -<p>Sir Edward Darlingrug lord warden of London.</p> - -<p>Darlingrug remooued, & sir Baldwine Radington made lord -warden of London.</p></div> - -<p>The liberties of the citie were seized into the kings hands, and the authoritie of the -maior vtterlie ceassed, the king appointing a warden to gouerne the citie, named sir -Edward Darlingrug knight, that should both rule the citie, and see that euerie man had -iustice ministred, as the case required. This sir Edward Darlingrug began to gouerne -the citie of London by the name of lord warden, the one and twentith of Iune, on which -day the king entered into the 16 yeare of his reigne: by reason it was thought that the -said sir Edward Darlingrug was ouerfauourable to the citizens, he continued in his office -but till the first of Iulie, and being then discharged, one sir Baldwine Radington, a right -circumspect and discréet knight, was put in that roome, who knew how both to content -the kings mind, and to comfort the citizens, and put them in hope of the kings fauour in -time to be obteined, to the reliefe of their sorow and heauinesse.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The liberties of London in part confirmed in part condemned.</p></div> - -<p>At length, the king, through sute and instant labour made by certeine noble men, -speciallie the duke of Glocester, began somewhat to relent and pacifie himselfe, as touching -his rigorous displeasure against the Londoners, calling to mind the great honour he -had diuerse waies receiued at their hands, with the great gifts which they had likewise -bestowed vpon him, wherevpon he purposed to deale the more mildlie with them, and so -sent for diuerse of the chiefe citizens to come vnto Windesor, where he then kept his court, -there to shew foorth the priuileges, liberties, and lawes of their citie, as well the new as -old, that with the aduise of his councell, he might determine which should remaine in -force, and which should be abolished. Herevpon, when the said priuileges, and liberties -were laid foorth, to the view of such persons as had to consider of them, some -were ratified, some permitted by tolleration, and some vtterlie condemned and abrogated.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Neither might they recouer at that present, either the person or dignitie of their maior, -nor obteine the kings entire fauour, till they had satisfied the king of the damages and -iniuries by them doone, either to him or his people. And where he had beene at great -charges, in preparing forces to chastise them, as he was determined, if they had not -submitted themselues vnto him, they were sure that their pursses must answer all that -he had laid foorth about that matter. They therfore with humble submission, in recompense -& satisfaction of their trespasses, offered to giue him ten thousand pounds, but -they were for this time sent home, and appointed to returne againe at a certeine day, not -vnderstanding what they must pay, till the king with the aduise of his councell had taken -further order for them. At length, through such dailie sute as was made for the quieting -of the kings hot displeasure towards the Londoners, he was contented to pardon all -offenses past. But first, the citizens were told, that the king meant to come from his -manor of Shene, to the citie of London, and then vndoubtedlie, vpon knowledge had of -their good meanings, hereafter to beare themselues like louing subiects, they should -obteine his fauour.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A swéet sacrifice.</p> - -<p>He was met with procession of the bishop & clergie at S. -Georges church in Southwarke.</p> - -<p>Gifts presented to the K. by the Londoners to pacifie his -displeasure conceiued against them. K. Richard roiallie receiued into -London.</p></div> - -<p>The citizens aduertised hereof, did not onelie prepare themselues to meet him and to -present him with gifts in most liberall manner; but also to adorne, decke, and trim their -citie with sumptuous pageants, rich hangings, and other gorgeous furniture, in all points -like as is vsed at anie coronation. At the day appointed, there met him (beside other) -foure hundred of the citizens on horsebacke, clad in one liuerie, presenting themselues in -that order, vpon the heath on this side Shene, and in most humble wise, crauing pardon -for their offenses past, besought him to take his waie to his palace of Westminster, -thorough the citie of London. This sute made by the recorder, in name of all the -citizens, he gratiouslie granted, and so held on his iournie, till he came to London -bridge, where vnto him was presented a passing faire stéed, white, -saddled, bridled, and <span class="xxpn" id="p820">|820|</span> -trapped in rich cloth of gold, parted with red and white. And likewise to the quéene was -giuen a milke white paltrie, saddled, brideled, and trapped in the same sort, as the other -was. These presents were thankefullie accepted, and so both the king and the queene -passing forward, entered the citie, prepared and hanged with rich clothes (as before you -haue heard) the citizens standing on ech side the stréets in their liueries, crieng; King -Richard, king Richard.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>More gifts by the Lōdoners to the king.</p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsin.</i> The liberties of London ratified by king -Richard.</p></div> - -<p>At the standard in Cheape, was a right sumptuous stage ordeined, on which were set -diuerse personages, and an angell that put a rich crowne of gold, garnished with stone -and pearle vpon the kings head, as he passed by, and likewise an other on the queenes -head. This doone, the king rode to Paules, and there offered, and so tooke his horsse -againe, and rode to Westminster, where the maior and his companie taking their leaue, -returned to London. On the morrow, the maior and his brethren went againe to Westminster, -and there presented the king with two basens gilt, & in them two thousand nobles -of gold, beséeching him to be good and gratious lord to the citie; he receiued their present -in courteous manner, and gaue them manie comfortable words. The third daie -after, they receiued a new confirmation of all their old liberties (at the least such as might be -an aid to the citie, and no detriment to forreners) wherefore, by counsell of their freends, -they ordeined a table for an altar of siluer and gilt, ingrauen with imagerie, and inameled -in most curious wise, conteining the storie of saint Edward, it was valued to be worth a -thousand marks. This was presented to the king, the which he shortlie after offered to -the shrine of saint Edward within the abbeie. The Londoners beléeued, that by these -gifts they had beene quite rid of all danger; but yet they were compelled to giue the king -after this, ten thousand pounds, which was collected of the commons in the citie, not without -great offense and grudging in their minds.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leceister abbeie.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ You</span> -haue heard hitherto, what means was made by the maior, aldermen, and whole -bodie of the commonaltie of London to procure the kings maiesties (in whose disfauour -they were deeplie drowned) gratious reconciliation. Wherein though there hath beene -large matter deliuered; yet to set foorth the dignitie thereof the fuller, take heere by the -waie the report of Henrie Knighton. In the yeare (saith he) 1392, the king called a -great councell on the morrow after Trinitie sundaie at Stamford, about certeine affaires -concerning the Frenchmen, in which councell he assembled togither all the old soldiers of -his relme, that by the aduise of the elder sort he might sée what were best for him to doo -in the premisses. The king also held a great councell at Notingham, on the feast of S. -Iohn the Baptist, whereat he caused the maior of London with the foure and twentie -aldermen, the two shiriffes, and foure and twentie of the best commoners of the citie in -the second degrée to be conuented before him. Héere he charged them that they had -forfeited a certeine bond of 9000 pounds to the king, besides the losse of their liberties -and priuileges. Which obligation or bond they had made in former time to the king, their -deserts requiring the same. Now the king, after rehearsall made of their new offenses & -faults, discharged the maior, the two shiriffes, and the rest of his officers of their offices, -and sent the maior and the two shiriffes to certeine places of custodie as his prisoners, -defeating the citie of London of the honour of all their priuileges; in so much that a citizen -or fréeman should haue no more prerogatiue than a forrener or stranger. He appointed -also the lord Edward Balerige to be gouernor therof, to kéepe and see kept the kings -lawes and his liege people within London in due order, vntill such time as the king had -otherwise prouided for them. And he set them a day to answer the king and his councell -to certeine interrogatories on the feast of S. Marie Magdalen then next insuing, at Windsore. -In the meane while, at the mediation of certeine freends and welwillers, the kings -indignation was somewhat mitigated and asswaged towards them; in somuch that at length -he released the maior and the shiriffes, and sent them home to their houses; setting ouer -them notwithstanding a new kéeper or gouernour of the citie, and reseruing in his hand all -the priuileges of the citie. In the meane time, on the sundaie next -after the feast of the <span class="xxpn" id="p821">|821|</span> -Assumption of the blessed virgin Marie; all the wealthiest and worthiest commoners of -the citie came to the king, and submitted themselues and all their goods to his grace, and -then did he first receiue and take them into his fauour. On the wednesdaie insuing, the -king was purposed to come into London, and the citizens in multitudes innumerable met -him on horssebacke; & they that had no horsses went out on foot to welcome him thither; -women also and infants shewed themselues vnto him; likewise the bishop of London, with -all the clergie, no order, degree, condition, estate, or sex of ecclesiasticall dignitie being -excused, went out in procession to meet the king and the quéene with great reioising. It -was reported how in that procession there were aboue fiue hundred boies in surplisses. -Moreouer, the citizens of London trimmed the outsides of their houses and chambers in -euerie stréet through which the king and the queene were to passe, from S. Georges to -Westminster. As for the houses of the welthier sort, they were brauelie garnished with -cloth of gold, siluer, tissue, veluet, & other sumptuous stuffe whatsoeuer by any possible -means could be gotten. In Cheapside there was a conduit, out of the which two spouts -ran with read wine & white, and vpon the conduit stood a little boie apparelled in white -like an angell, hauing a golden cup in his hand, who presented wine to the king and queene -to drinke as they passed by. In the meane time they offered to the king a golden crowne -of great value, and another golden crowne to the quéene; and a while after passing forwards, -they presented to the king a golden tablet of the Trinitie, to the value of eight hundred -pounds: and to the queene another golden tablet of S. Anne, whome she had in -speciall deuotion and reuerence, bicause hir owne name was Anne. Such, and so great, -and so wonderfull honors did they to the king, as the like in former times was neuer doone -to anie king of this realme: and so going forward, they brought the king and the quéene -to Westminster hall. The king sitting in his seat roiall, & all the people standing before -him; one in the kings behalfe as his speaker, gaue the people thanks for the great honour -and princelie presents which they had bestowed vpon the king; and being bidden to fall -euerie man to his businesse and affaires, it was told them that in the next parlement they -should haue their finall answer.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Glocester made duke of Ireland.</p> - -<p>His iournie into Ireland vnluckilie staied.</p> - -<p>Véere, late duke of Ireland, dieth at Louaine.</p></div> - -<p>At the same time, the duke of Glocester, hauing receiued monie to leauie an armie, -which he should haue conueied ouer into Ireland, of which countrie, a good while before -that present, the king had made him duke, was now readie to set forward, when suddenlie -through the malice of some priuie detractours about the king, he was contermanded, and -so his iournie was staied, to the great hinderance and preiudice of both the countries of -England and Ireland: for euen vpon the fame that was bruted of his comming into -Ireland, in manner all the Irish lords determined to submit themselues vnto him, so greatlie -was his name both loued, reuerenced, and feared, euen among those wild and sauage -people. This yeare Robert Véere, late earle of Oxenford, and duke of Ireland, departed -this life at Louaine in Brabant, in great anguish of mind, & miserable necessitie: -which yoong gentleman (doubtlesse) was apt to all commendable exercises and parts fit -for a noble man, if in his youth he had béene well trained and brought vp in necessarie -discipline.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1393.</div> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i> A parlement at Winchester.</p> - -<p>The chancerie and kings bench kept at Yorke and frō thence -remooued to Londō.</p> - -<p>Eures.</p> - -<p>The Ile of Man.</p></div> - -<p>This yeare after Christmasse, a parlement was called at Winchester, in which onelie a -grant was made by the cleargie, of halfe a tenth, for the expenses of the duke of Lancaster -& Glocester, that were appointed to go ouer into France, to treat of peace, betwixt the -two kingdomes. The courts of the kings bench and chancerie, which had béene remooued -from Westminster to Yorke, either in disfauour onelie of the Londoners, or in fauour of -the citizens of Yorke, for that the archbishop of that citie, being lord chancellor, wished to -aduance (so farre as in him laie) the commoditie and wealth thereof, were neuerthelesse -about this season brought backe againe to Westminster, after they had remained a small -time at Yorke, to the displeasure of manie.  <span class="nowrap">¶ This</span> yeare, the lord Auberie de Veere, -vncle to the late duke of Ireland, was made earle of Oxenford. ¶The two and twentith -of Februarie, Iohn Eures, constable of Douer castell, & lord steward -of the kings house <span class="xxpn" id="p822">|822|</span> -departed this life, in whose roome the lord Thomas Persie that before was -vicechamberlaine -was created lord steward; and the lord Thomas Beaumont was made constable -of Douer, and lord warden of the cinque ports: and the lord William Scroope was -made vicechamberlaine, who about the same time, bought of the lord William Montacute -the Ile of Man, with the regalitie therof, for it is a kingdome; as Thomas Walsingham -affirmeth.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The dukes of Lancaster & Glocester sent to Frāce to treat of a peace.</p> - -<p>The French comissioners would haue Calis raced to the ground.</p></div> - -<p>The dukes of Lancaster and Glocester went ouer vnto Calis, and downe to Bullongne -came the dukes of Berrie and Burgognie. These noblemen were sufficientlie furnished -with authoritie, to conclude a perfect peace, both by sea and land, betweene the two -realmes of France and England, and all their alies. The place appointed for them to -treat in, was at Balingham, where tents and pauilions were pight vp, for the ease of both -parties. They met there twise or thrise a wéeke, in a faire tent prepared for the purpose, -about nine of the clocke in the forenoone. This was about the beginning of Maie. When -they entered first into communication, and had séene each others authoritie, one of the -first demands that the Frenchmen made, was to haue Calis raced, in such wise, as there -should neuer be anie habitation there after that time. The dukes of Lancaster and Glocester -answered herevnto, how they had no authoritie to conclude so farre, but that England -should hold Calis still, as in demesne, and true inheritance; and therefore, if they -purposed to enter any further in the treatie of peace, they should ceasse from that demand -and speake no more thereof. When the dukes of Berrie and Burgognie heard their two -cousins of England answer so roundlie, they spake no more of that matter.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The demand of the English cōmissioners.</p> - -<p>Order taken that the demands on either side should be set downe in writing, -the better to be considered of.</p> - -<p>The English gentlemen mainteined by the French warres.</p> - -<p>The subtiltie of the French men.</p> - -<p>The commissioners meet againe.</p></div> - -<p>Then the dukes of Lancaster and Glocester demanded to haue restitution of all such -lands as had béene deliuered, either to king Richard, or to king Edward the third, or to -anie their deputies or commissioners, and also to haue fullie paid the summe of florens -that was left vnpaid, at the time when the warre reuiued betwixt England and France: -and this the English lawiers prooued to stand with equitie and reason. But neuerthelesse, -the lords and chancellor of France argued to the contrarie, and so agrée they could not, -insomuch as the Frenchmen required, that if the Englishmen meant to haue anie conclusion -of peace, they should draw to some neerer points. At length, the foure dukes tooke -order, that all their demands on either side should be set downe in writing, and deliuered -to either partie interchangeablie, that they might be regarded at length, and such as -should be found vnreasonable, to be raced or reformed. After they had communed togither -diuerse times, and remained there fiftéene daies, they appointed to aduertise the two -kings of their whole dooings, and after nine daies space to meet againe. The French -dukes rode to Abbeuile, where the French king then laie: and the English dukes returning -to Calis, wrote to the king of England, of all the whole matter. The duke of Glocester -was harder to deale with in each behalfe, concerning the conclusion of peace, than -was the duke of Lancaster, for he rather desired to haue had warre than any peace, except -such a one as should be greatlie to the aduantage and honour of the realme of England: -and therefore the commons of England vnderstanding his disposition, agreed that he -should be sent, rather than anie other. For where in times past the Englishmen had -greatlie gained by the warres of France, as well the commons, as the knights and esquires, -who had by the same mainteined their estate, they could not giue their willing consents, to -haue anie peace at all with the Frenchmen, in hope by reason of the wars, to profit themselues, -as in times past they had doone. The French king & nobles of France were greatlie -inclined to peace, and so likewise was the king of England, & the duke of Lancaster. -But the Frenchmen were so subtill, and vsed so manie darke and coloured words, that the -Englishmen had much a doo to vnderstand them: which offended much the duke of -Glocester. But neuerthelesse, at the daie prefixed, these foure dukes met againe at -Balingham, and with the French lords came the king of Armenie, newlie returned into -France foorth of Grecia, for into his owne countrie he durst not come, the Turkes hauing -conquered it, the strong towne of Conich, which the Genowaies -held, excepted. <span class="xxpn" id="p823">|823|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king of Armenie.</p> - -<p>Obscure and doubtfull words to be opened.</p> - -<p>A truce for foure yeares betwéene England and France.</p></div> - -<p>The king of Armenie would gladlie that peace might haue béene established betwixt -France and England, in hope to procure the sooner some aid of the kings to recouer his -kingdome. But to conclude after that the dukes, and other with them associat as assistants, -had diligentlie perused and examined the articles of their treatie, they would not -passe nor seale to anie, till all darke and obscure words were cléerelie declared, opened, -and made perfect, so that no generall peace might be concluded. Notwithstanding, as -Froissard saith, a truce for foure yeares space, vpon certeine articles was agreed to be -kept as well by sea as by land. It was thought, that when they were at point to haue -growne to agreement concerning manie articles, if the French king had not newlie fallen -into his former disease of frensie, there had better effect followed of this treatie; but by -occasion of his sicknesse, each man departed, before that anie principall articles could be -fullie ordered and make perfect. The same time, sir Thomas Persie the yoonger was -made lord warden of Burdeaux and Aquitaine.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 17.</h2> - -<p>Great tempests.</p> - -<p>Much hurt doone by great flouds in Suffolke.</p> - -<p>A great plage in Essex.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1394.</div> - -<p>Variance betwéene the duke of Lancaster and the earle of Arundell.</p></div> - -<p>In September, much hurt was doone, thorough excéeding great thunder, lightening, -and tempests, which chanced in manie parts of England, but speciallie in Cambridgeshire, -where manie houses were burned, with no small quantitie of corne. Great inundations -and flouds of water followed shortlie after in October, which did much hurt at Burie, and -Newmarket in Suffolke, where it ouerthrew wals of houses, and put men and women in -great danger of drowning. In Essex also in September, great mortalitie fell by pestilence -amongst the people, whereof manie died.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> towne of Chierburgh was restored -againe to the king of Nauarre, who had ingaged it to the king of England, for two thousand -markes.  <span class="nowrap">¶ A</span> parlement was holden at Westminster, which began in the octaues -of Hilarie.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> king purposing to go ouer into Ireland, required a subsidie, the -cleargie granted to him a whole tenth, toward the furnishing foorth of that iournie, if he -went himselfe; if he went not, yet they agréed to giue to him the moitie of a tenth. In -time of this parlement, there appeared great euill will to remaine betwixt the duke of -Lancaster and the earle of Arundell, for the duke imposed to the earle, that about the -Exaltation of the crosse, he laie with a companie of armed men in the castell of Holt -by Chester, the same time that the countrie there rose against the duke, with their -capteine Nicholas Clifton, and his complices, whome he ment (as the duke alledged) -to haue aided against him: but this the earle flatlie denied, and with probable reasons so -excused himselfe, as the quarrell at length was taken vp, and the parties for the time well -quieted.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The death of quéene Anne.</p> - -<p>The K. defaceth the house of Shene bicause the quéene died there.</p></div> - -<p>This yeare on Whitsundaie being the seauenth of Iune, quéene Anne departed this -life, to the great greefe of hir husband king Richard, who loued hir intirelie. She -deceassed at Shene, and was buried at Westminster, vpon the south side of saint -Edwards shrine. The king tooke such a conceit with the house of Shene, where she -departed this life, that he caused the buildings to be throwne downe and defaced, whereas -the former kings of this land, being wearie of the citie, vsed customablie thither to resort, -as to a place of pleasure, and seruing highlie to their recreation. Thus the king, the -duke of Lancaster, and his sonne the earle of Derbie, were widowers, all in one season: -for the ladie Constance duchesse of Lancaster daughter to Peter king of Spaine, deceassed -the last yeare, whilest hir husband the duke of Lancaster was at the treatie in France: -at the same time also deceassed the countesse of Derbie, wife to the lord Henrie earle -of Derbie.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Moreouer,</span> in this yeare 1394, Isabell duchesse of Yorke departed this -life, that was halfe sister to the duchesse of Lancaster, being borne of one mother. She -was buried at Langleie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 18.</h2> - -<p>A proclamation that all Irishmen shuld returne into their countrie.</p> - -<p>The English pale in Irelād almost left desolate.</p> - -<p>The yearelie reuenues of Ireland in K. Edward the third his daies.</p></div> - -<p>This yeare in August, was a proclamation set foorth, that all Irishmen should auoid -this land, and returne home into their owne countrie, before the feast of the Natiuitie -of our ladie, on paine of death. The occasion of which proclamation was, for that such -multitudes of Irishmen were come ouer into this region, in hope of gaine, that the -countries in Ireland, subiect to England, were in manner left void -of people, so that the <span class="xxpn" id="p824">|824|</span> -enimies spoiled and wasted those countries at their pleasure, finding few or none to withstand -them. And where king Edward the third had placed in Ireland his bench and -iudges, with his excheker for the good administration of iustice and politike gouernement -to be vsed there, he receiued from thence yearelie in reuenues and profits, comming to -his owne cofers, the sum of thirtie thousand pounds: the king now laid foorth no lesse a -summe to repell the enimies, which by absence of those that were come ouer hither, -could not otherwise be resisted, sith the power of the rebels was so increased, and the -force of the countries subiect, thorough lacke of the former inhabitants, so diminished.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> the feast of the Natiuitie of our ladie, the king set forward to passe into -Ireland, hauing made such preparation for that iournie, as the like for Ireland had not -béene heard of at anie time before. There went out with him the duke of Glocester, the -earles of March, Notingham, and Rutland, the lord Thomas Persie lord steward, and -diuerse other of the English nobilitie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster saileth into Aquitaine with an armie.</p> - -<p>The Gascoignes flatlie refuse to accept the duke of Lancaster -for their souereigne.</p></div> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster, that in the thirteenth yeare of king Richards reigne had beene -created by authoritie of parlement, duke of Aquitaine, was about this present time sent -thither, with fiue hundred men of armes, & a thousand archers, to take possession of that -duchie, according to the kings grant, by his letters patents thereof had, made, and confirmed -with his seale, in presence of the most part of all the nobles and great lords of -England, to hold all that countrie to the said duke and his heires for euer in as large -manner and forme, as his father king Edward the third, or anie other kings of England, -or dukes of Aquitaine before time had holden, and as king Richard at that season had & -held the same, the homage alwaies yet reserued to the kings of England for euer. But -all this notwithstanding, at his comming thither, so farre were the Gascoignes, and other -people of those marches from receiuing him with ioy and triumph, that they plainelie told -him, they would not atturne to him, nor be vnder his iurisdiction at anie hand, although -he had brought ouer with him commissioners sufficientlie authorised, both to discharge -them of their former allegiance to the king, and to inuest him in possession of that duchie, -in maner and forme as before is said.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>K. Richard passeth ouer into Ireland with a mightie armie.</p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i> Foure Irish kings submit themselues to K. Richard.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1395.</div> - -<p>A parlement holden in Ireland.</p></div> - -<p>But now to returne to king Richard, ye shall vnderstand, that when all his prouision -and roiall armie was readie, about Michaelmas, he tooke the sea, and landed at Waterford -the second of October, and so remained in Ireland all that winter: his people were -lodged abroad in the countrie, and lay so warilie as they might. For although the Irishmen -durst not attempt anie exploit openlie against the Englishmen, after the kings -arriuall with so puissant an armie, yet they would steale sometimes vpon them, where -they espied anie aduantage, and disquiet them in their lodgings. But when the English -still preuailed, diuerse of the greatest princes among them came in, and submitted themselues. -Amongst other, foure kings are mentioned, as the great Onell king of Meth, -Brine of Thomond king of Thomond, Arthur Macmur king of Lineister, and Conhur king -of Cheueno and Darpe: these kings were courteouslie interteined and much made of -by king Richard, who kept his Christmas this yeare at Dubline. And after that feast -was ended, he held a parlement there, to the which all his subiects of Ireland, vnto -whom it apperteined, resorted, as well those that had continued vnder the English -gouernement aforetime, as those that were latelie yéelded.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A parlement at Westminster, king Richard being in Ireland.</p></div> - -<p>Also at the same time, after the octaues of the Epiphanie, the duke of Yorke, lord -warden of England, now in the kings absence, caused a parlement to be called at Westminster, -to the which was sent foorth of Ireland the duke of Glocester, that he might -declare to the commons the kings necessitie, to haue some grant of monie to supplie his -want, hauing spent no small quantitie of treasure in that iournie made into Ireland. -The dukes words were so well heard and beléeued, that a whole tenth was granted by the -clergie, and a fiftéenth by the laitie; but not without protestation, that those paiements -were granted of a meere good will, for the loue they bare to the king, and to haue his -businesse go forwards, which bicause it required great expenses, -both for that his owne <span class="xxpn" id="p825">|825|</span> -roiall person was abiding in Ireland about the subduing of the rebels, as also bicause his -retinue and power could not be mainteined without excessiue charges; they seemed to -be no lesse desirous to haue the same ended, than they which were dailie agents in the -same, not without feare of misfortune likelie to befall them, hauing to deale with a people -of such barbarous and rebellious behauiour.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Wickleuists wrote against the cleargie.</p> - -<p>The clergie complaine to the king of the Wickleuists, and their fauorers.</p> - -<p>K. Richard knighteth the foure Irish kings, and others. <i>Froissard.</i></p></div> - -<p>At the same time, those that followed Wickliffes opinions, set vp publikelie on the -church doore of Paules in London, and the church doores of Westminster, certeine -writings, conteining accusations of the clergie, and conclusions, such as had not commonlie -béene heard, against ecclesiasticall persons, and the vse of the sacraments, as the -church then mainteined. They were incouraged thus to doo, as it was said, by some -noble men, and knights of great worship, as sir Richard Sturrie, sir Lewes Clifford, sir -Thomas Latimer, sir Iohn Montacute, & others, who comforted & pricked forward those -kind of men, then called heretikes & Lollards, to the confounding of monks, friers, and -other religious persons, by all waies they might. Herevpon, the archbishop of Yorke, -the bishop of London, and certeine other as messengers from the whole state of the -clergie, passed ouer into Ireland, where, to the king they made a grieuous complaint, as -well against those that had framed and set foorth such writings, as against them that -mainteined them in their dooings, and therefore besought him with spéed to returne home -into England, there to take such order, for the restreining of those misordered persons, -as vnto the reliefe of the church might be thought expedient, being then in great danger -of susteining irrecouerable losse and damage, if good reformation were not the sooner -had. King Richard hearing these things, vpon good deliberation had in the matter, determined -to returne home, but first on the day of the Annuntiation of our ladie, he made -the foure aboue remembred kings, to wit, Onell, Brine of Thomond, Arthur of Mackmur, -and Conhur, knights, in the cathedrall church of Dublin, and one likewise sir Thomas -Orphen, sir Ioatas Pado, and his coosine sir Iohn Pado.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>K. Richard returneth out of Ireland.</p> - -<p>K. Richards dealings against the fauorers of the Wickleuists.</p></div> - -<p>This doone, and now after that they were set inquiet in that countrie (the rebels not being -so hardie as to stirre, whilest such a mightie armie was there readie at hand to assaile them) -king about Easter came backe into England without anie more adoo, so that the -gaine was thought nothing to counteruaile the charges, which were verie great: for the -king had ouer with him in that iournie, foure thousand men of armes, and thirtie thousand -archers, as Froissard saith he was informed by an English esquier that had béene in that -iournie. The king at his comming ouer, did not forget what complaint the archbishop of -Yorke and the bishop of London had exhibited to him, against those that were called Lollards, -and heretiks, wherevpon immediatlie, he called before him certeine of the noble men, -that were thought and knowne to fauour such kind of men, threatning terriblie, if from -thence foorth they should in anie wise comfort and relieue them. He caused sir Richard -Sturrie to receiue an oth, that he should not mainteine from that day forward anie such -erronious opinions, menacing him, and as it were, couenanting with him by an interchangeable -oth, that if euer he might vnderstand, that he did violate and breake that oth, he -should die for it a most shamefull death.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> canon of Leicester abbeie.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ By</span> -the report of H. Knighton it should séeme, that this sect (as he calleth them) -mightilie increased, to the no small offense of the lords temporall and spirituall, wherevpon -after sundrie complaints, and serious solicitations for the supplanting of them, -commissions were granted, and the tenure of them (as it should séeme) though not -absolutelie, yet in part executed. Now therefore listen what mine author saith, whose -addition, though by his owne supputation of yeares it require to be placed elsewhere; -yet for the consonancie of the matter, and because writers varie greatlie in their accounts -of time, I haue here inserted the same, as in a verie conuenient place of the historie. -The noblemen and the commons (saith Henrie Knighton) séeing the ship of the church, -with these & other innumerable errors, & verie lewd opinions as it were on all sides from -day to day with ceasselesse violence and force to be shaken; -besought the king in the <span class="xxpn" id="p826">|826|</span> -parlement, that redresse might be had herof; lest the arke of the faith of all the church -by such violences and inforcements giuen in those daies, should through want of gouernement -be battered without remedie, and the glorious realme of England by corrupting of -faith should by little and little be drawne into a distresse of grace and losse of honor. -Wherefore the king vsing the sound counsell of the whole parlement, commanded the -archbishop of Canturburie, & the rest of the bishops of the realme, to execute their -charge and office, all and euerie of them in his and their diocesse, according to the -canon lawes, more seuerelie and zealouslie; to correct the offendors, to examine their -English books more fullie and substantiallie, to root out errors with all their indeuors, to -bring the people into an vnitie of the right faith, to wéed vp out of the church all netles, -thistles, and brambles wherewith she is disgraced; and to beautifie hir with lillies and -roses; and should cause an establishment of his roiall power more boldlie and stoutlie. -And the king foorthwith commanded, without delaie, that his letters patents should be -sent abroad into all and euerie shire of his kingdome; and appointed in euerie shire -certeine searchers for such books and their fauourers; charging them to applie a spéedie -remedie vnto these disorders, and to lay vp the rebels in the verie next gaoles, till the -king sent vnto them. But verie slow execution or none at all followed, because the -houre of correction was not yet come. [Howbeit, to prepare and make an entrance -to the purposed reformation and correction of those enormities, he gaue out a commission -against the Wickleuists, a copie whereof followeth both in Latine and English. -Whereby the world may see how the springing church of Christ was hated and abhorred -of the antichristian rout.]<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>Copia regiæ commissionis aduersus Lollardos & -Lollardorum sequaces.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">RICHARDUS -Dei gratia rex Angliæ & Franciæ, & dominus Hiberniæ, dilectis -sibi magistro Thomæ Brightwell in theologia doctori, decano collegij -noui operis Leicestriæ, & Gulielmo Chesulden præbendario præbendæ -eiusdem collegij, ac dilectis & fidelibus nostris Richardo de -Barow Chinall, & Roberto Langham, salutem.   Quia ex insinuatione -credibili certitudinaliter informatur, quòd ex insana doctrina -magistrorum Iohannis Wickliffe dum vixit, Nicholai Herford, Iohannis -Liston, & suorum sequaciū, quàm plures libri, libelli, schedulæ, -& quaterni, hæresibus & erroribus manifestis in fidei catholicæ -læsionem, & sanæ doctrinæ derogationem, expressè, & palàm, -& notoriè redundantes, frequentiùs compilantur, publicantur, & -conscribuntur, tam in Anglico quàm in Latino, ac exinde opiniones -nefariæ sanæ doctrinæ contrariantes, oriuntur, crescunt, & -manutenentur, ac prædicantur, in fidei orthodoxæ eneruationem, ecclesiæ -sanctæ subuersionem, & ex consequenti (quod absit) quàm plurium -incredulitatem, eorúmq; animarum periculum manifestum.   Nos zelo fidei -catholicæ, cuius sumus & esse volumus defensores in omnibus (vt -tenemur) moti salubriter & inducti, nolentes huiusmodi hæreses aut -errores infra terminos nostræ potestatis, quatenùs poterimus, oriri, -seu quomodolibet pullulare: assignamus vos coniunctim & diuisim, -ad omnes & singulos libros, libellos schedulas, & quaternos -huiusmodi doctrinā dictorū Iohannis, Nicholai, Iohannis, & -sociorum sequacium, seu opinionum aliquam minùs sanam continentes, -vbicúnq;, & in quorumcúnq; manibus, possessione, seu custodia -inueniri poterunt, infra libertates vel extra, inuestigandum, -capiendum, & arrestandum, & penes concilium nostrum cum omni -celeritate possibili deferri faciendum, vt tunc ibidem de ijsdem -ordinare valeamus, prout de auisamento concilij nostri prædicti fore -viderimus faciendum: ac etiam ad proclamandum, & ex parte nostra -firmiter inhibendum, ne quis cuiuscúnq; status, gradus, seu conditionis -fuerit, sub pœna imprisionamenti & forisfacturationum, quæ -nobis forisfacere poterit, aliquas huiusmodi prauas & nefarias -opiniones manutenere, docere, pertinacitérque defendere, clàm vel -palam, seu huiusmodi libros, libellos, schedulas, & quaternos -detinere, scribere, vel scribi facere, aut emere vel vendere præsumat -quouis modo; sed <span class="xxpn" id="p827">|827|</span> omnes & -singulos huiusmodi libros, libellos, schedulas, & quaternos -secum habitos & inuentos, ad mandatum nostrum vobis reddat, seu -reddi faciat indilatè.   Et ad omnes illos, quos post proclamationem -& inhibitionem prædictis contrarium inueneritis facientes, & -huiusmodi nefarias opiniones manutentes, coràm vobis præfato Thoma -decano & Gulielmo euocandum, & diligenter examinandum: & -cùm inde legitimè euicti fuerint, ministris proximísq; prisonis -committendum, in ijsdem detinendum, quoúsque à suis erroribus, -hæresibus, & prauis opinionibus resipiscant, seu nos pro -deliberatione eorundem aliter duxerimus ordinandum.   Et ideo vobis -mandamus, quòd dicta præmissa cum omni diligentia & efficacia -intendatis, & ea faciatis & exequamini in forma prædicta.   -Damus autem tàm vniuersis & singulis viris ecclesiasticis, quàm -vicecomitibus, maioribus, balliuis, ministris, & alijs fidelibus -& subditis nostris, tàm infra libertates quàm extra tenore -præsentium firmiter in mandatis, quòd vobis, & cuilibet vestrum, in -præmissis faciendis assistentes sint, consulentes, & auxiliantes, -prout decet.   In cuius rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus -patentes. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium vicesimo tertio die -Maij, anno regni nostri vndecimo.</p></blockquote></div> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>A copie of the kings commission against the Lollards or Wickleuists and their followers: -Englished by A. F.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">RICHARD by the grace of God king of England and France, and lord of Ireland, to -his beloued, maister Thomas Brightwell doctor in diuinitie, deane of the college of the new -worke of Leicester, and to William Chesulden prebendarie of the prebend of the same -college; and to our beloued and trustie subiects, Richard of Barow Chinall, and Robert -Langham; greeting.   For so much as we are certeinelie informed by credible report, that -by the vnsound doctrine of maister Iohn Wickliffe, whiles he liued, of Nicholas Herford, -Iohn Liston, and their followers, many bookes, libels, scheduls, & pamphlets expresselie, -euidentlie, and notoriouslie swarming with manifest heresies and errors to the -hurt of the catholike faith, & the abolishment of sound doctrine, are commonlie compiled, -published, and written, as well in English as in Latine, and therevpon wicked -opinions contrarie to sound doctrine, doo spring, grow, and are mainteined and preached -to the weakening of the right faith, the ouerthrow of holie church, and consequentlie -(which God forbid) the misbeleefe of a great many, & the manifest danger of their -soules.   We being moued with zeale to the catholike faith, whereof we are, and will be -defenders in all things, as we are bound, vnwilling that such heresies or errors within -the limits of our iurisdiction, so far as we are able, should grow, or by any meanes -spring vp: doo assigne you iointlie and seuerallie, all and singular the books, libels, -scheduls, & pamphlets conteining such doctrine of the said Iohn, Nicholas, Iohn, and -their fellow-followers, or any of their corrupt opinions, wheresoeuer, & in whose hands, -possession, or keeping soeuer they shalbe found within the liberties or without; them -to search, take, arrest, and cause to be brought before our councell with all possible -speed, that then and there we may take order for the same accordinglie, as by the aduise -of our foresaid councell we shall see requisite to be doone.   And also to proclaime, -and on our behalfe firmelie to forbid all and euerie one, of whatsoeuer state, degree, or -condition he be, vnder paine of imprisonment and forfeitures, which to vs he shall forfeit, -any of these wicked and lewd opinions to mainteine, teach, obstinatlie to defend, priuilie -or openlie, or any of these bookes, libels, scheduls & pamphlets to keepe, write, or -cause to be written; but all and euerie such booke and bookes, libels, scheduls, and pamphlets -with them had & found, at our commandement vnto you to deliuer, or cause to be -deliuered without delaie.   And all them, whome after proclamation and inhibition you -shall find dooing contrarie to the premisses, and such lewd opinions mainteining, to call -foorth before you the said Thomas the deane, & William, and them to examine: -& when <span class="xxpn" id="p828">|828|</span> -they shalbe lawfullie conuinced therein, to commit them to the next officers & prisons, -there to be kept, till they haue recanted their errors, heresies, and wicked opinions; or till -we for their deliuerance shall otherwise thinke order to be taken.   And therefore we -command, that you intend the said premisses, with all diligence and effect, and the same -doo and execute in forme aforesaid.   We doo also giue in streict commandement and -charge, to all and euerie as well churchman & churchmen, as shiriffes, maiors, bailiffes, -officers, and other our trustie subiects, as well within the liberties as without, by the tenor -of these presents, to assist, counsell, and helpe you and euerie of you in doing the -premisses, -as it is conuenient.   In witnesse whereof, we haue caused these our letters patents -to be made.   Witnesse our selues at Westminster the twentie third day of Maie, and the -eleuenth yeare of our reigne.</p></blockquote></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Archbishop of Canturburies visitatiō.</p> - -<p>Wickleuists excommunicated.</p> - -<p>A ridiculous penance.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> -this time, or (as Henrie Knighton saith) in the yeare 1392, maister William -Courtenie archbishop of Canturburie, brother to the earle of Denshire visited the diocesse -of Lincolne, and on the feast of saint Faith the virgine he visited maister Iohn Bokingham -bishop of Lincolne in the cathedrall church of Lincolne, with the chapter, and an hundred -of the canons, and he came to Leicester abbeie in visitation, the sundaie before the feast -of All saints, where he abode all the tuesdaie, and on the eeue also, of All saints being -mondaie, calling togither all the canons of the said monasterie, with the chaplines of his -owne chappell, euerie of them hauing in their hands burning candels. The same archbishop -confirmed sentence of excommunication against the Lollards or Wickleuists, with -their fauourers, which either now mainteined or caused to be mainteined, or hereafter did -mainteine or should mainteine the errours and opinions of master Iohn Wickliffe, in the -diocesse of Lincolne. On the morrow next after All saints, the same bishop flashed out -his sentence of excommunication like lightning in open sight, with a crosse set vpright, -with candels burning bright, and with bels roong alowd, and namelie against those of -Leicester towne that had too too much defiled and infected the said towne and countrie. -The archbishop departing from thence, went to saint Peters church, to a certeine anchoresse -named Matildis there kept as in a closet, whom he reprouing about the foresaid -errors and opinions of the Lollards, and finding hir answers scarse aduisedlie made, cited -hir that she should appeare before him, on the sundaie next insuing, in saint Iames his -abbeie at Northampton, to answer vnto the foresaid erronious and prophane points. -Now she appeared at the day appointed, and renouncing hir errours, and hauing penance -inioined hir, she went awaie reformed. But till the second day before the feast -of saint Lucie, she kept hir selfe out of hir closet, and then entred into the same againe. -Other Lollards also were cited, and appeared at Oxford, and in other places, as the -archbishop had commanded them: who renouncing their superstitious errours, and forswearing -their prophane opinions, did open penance. Also one William Smith was -made to go about the market place at Leicester, clothed in linnen [or in a white sheet] -holding in his right arme the image of the Crucifix, and in his left the image of saint Katharine, -bicause the said Smith had sometimes cut in peeces and burned an image of saint -Katharine, whereof he made a fire to boile him hearbes -in his hunger.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>† For the papists saie that the sacrificing préest is -the maker of his maker, namelie God.</p> - -<p>Boldnesse of women in ecclesiasticale matters taxed.</p></div> - -<p>In those daies there was a certeine matrone in London, which had -one onelie daughter, whome manie daies she instructed and trained vp -to celebrat the masse, and she set vp an altar in hir priuie or secret -chamber with all the ornaments therevnto belonging, and so she made hir -daughter manie daies to attire hir selfe like a priest, and to come to -the altar, and after hir maner to celebrate the masse. Now when she -came to the words of the sacrament, she cast hir selfe flat on hir -face before the altar, & † made not the sacrament; but rising vp, -dispatched the rest of the masse euen to the verie end, hir mother -helping hir therein, and dooing hir deuotion. This errour a long time -lasted, till at last by a certeine neighbour that was secretlie called -to such a masse, it was told abroad, and came to the bishops eares, who -causing them to appeare before him, talked with them about that <span class="xxpn" id="p829">|829|</span> -errour, and compelled the yoong woman openlie to shew the priestlie -shauing of hir haire, whose head was found to be all bare and bald. The -bishop sighing and sorrieng that such an errour should happen in the -church in his time, made manie lamentations, and hauing inioined them -penance, dispatched and sent them away. Thus far Henrie Knighton. [It -is not to be doubted, but that in these daies manie of the female sex -be medling in matters impertinent to their degrée, and inconuenient for -their knowledge; debating & scanning in their priuat conuenticles -of such things as wherabout if they kept silence, it were for their -greater commendation; presuming, though not to celebrat a masse, or -to make a sacrament; yet to vndertake some publike peece of seruice -incident to the ministerie: whose ouer-sawcie rashnesse being bolstered -and borne vp with abbettors not a few, whether it be by ecclesiasticall -discipline corrected, I wot not; but of the vniformed presbiterie I am -sure it is lamented.]<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A fierie apparition of diuerse likenesses.</p> - -<p>A head of wax wrought by necromancie speaketh.</p> - -<p>A fierie dragon séene in diuers places.</p> - -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Thom. Walsin.</i> in <i>Rich. 2.</i> pag. 341.</p> - -<p>A coniunctiō of Iupiter & Saturne.</p></div> - -<p>A certeine thing appeared in the likenesse of fier in manie parts of the realme of England, -now of one fashion, now of another, as it were euerie night, but yet in diuerse -places all Nouember and December. This fierie apparition, oftentimes when any bodie -went alone, it would go with him, and would stand still when he stood still. To some it -appeared in the likenesse of a turning whéele burning; to othersome round in the likenesse -of a barrell, flashing out flames of fier at the head; to othersome in the likenesse of -a long burning lance; and so to diuerse folks at diuerse times and seasons it shewed it -selfe in diuerse formes and fashions a great part of winter, speciallie in Leicestershire and -Northamptonshire: and when manie went togither, it approched not neere them, but -appeared to them as it were a far off. In a parlement time there was a certeine head of -wax made by the art of necromancie (as it was reported) which head at an houre appointed -to speake, vttered these words following at thrée times, and then ceased to speake -any more. These be the words; first, The head shall be cut off; secondlie, The head -shall be lift vp aloft; thirdlie, The feet shall be lift vp aloft aboue the head. This happened -in the time of that parlement which was called the mercilesse parlement, not long -before the parlement that was named the parlement which wrought wonders. In Aprill -there was séene a fierie dragon in manie places of England; which dreadfull sight as it -made manie a one amazed, so it ministred occasion of mistrust to the minds of the maruellors, -that some great mischéefe was imminent, whereof that burning apparition was a -prognostication. In this kings daies (as saith Thomas Walsingham) whose report, bicause -I am here dealing with certeine prodigious accidents importing some strange euents, -I am the more bold to interlace about the troublesome time when discord sprang betwéene -the king and his youthlie companions with the duke of Lancaster, in the moneth -of Maie, there happened a coniunction of the two greatest planets, namelie Iupiter and -Saturne, after the which did follow a verie great commotion of kingdoms, as in the processe -of this historie may appeare.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A schisme betwéene two popes for the dignitie of S. Peters chaire.</p></div> - -<p>The French king about this time summoned a conuocation of the French cleargie, to -decide and search out the power of the two popes, which of them had fuller right and -authoritie in S. Peters chaire, for the schisme and diuision betwéene the two popes was -not yet ended. The French clergie wrote in the behalfe of Clement their pope, & cōfirmed -their script or writing with the vniuersitie seale of Paris. Which writing Charles -the French king sent ouer to Richard king of England, that touching these doubts and -difficulties he with the councell of his cleargie might deliberat. Wherefore king Richard -summoned a conuocation at Oxford of the lerneder diuines as well regents as not regents -of the whole realme; who wrote for and in the behalfe of Vrbane their pope of Rome, -and confirmed their writing with the vniuersitie seale of Oxford, & sent it ouer sea to -Paris vnto the French king. But nothing was doone further in the premisses, both -popes, vnder the shrowd or shelter of schisme preuailing betwéene them, iustifieng their -title & interest. [This is the last record found in Henrie Knighton, who for that which -he hath doone touching chronographie, hath written (the blindnesse -of the time wherein <span class="xxpn" id="p830">|830|</span> -he liued, and his order considered) though not so well as the best, yet not so ill as the -woorst: and whose collections, if they were laid togither, would afford a large augmentation -to maters of chronicle: but O spite that so abruptlie he breaketh off, and continueth -his annales no further than this yeare, 1395.]<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The Danes rob the English merchāts on the seas.</p> - -<p>Great prises woone by the Danish pirats of the Englishmen.</p></div> - -<p>This yeere, the Danes that laie rouing on the seas did much hurt to the English merchants, -taking and robbing manie English ships, and when the hauen townes alongst the -coasts of Northfolke, made foorth a number of ships, and ventured to fight with those -pirats, they were vanquished by the Danes, so that manie were slaine, and manie taken -prisoners, which were constreined to paie great ransoms. The enimies also found in -ransacking the English ships, twentie thousand pounds, which the English merchants had -aboord with them to buy wares with, in place whither they were bound to go.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> the -same yeare, William Courtneie archbishop of Canturburie, hauing more regard to his -owne priuat commoditie, than to the discommoditie of others, purchased a bull of the -pope, whereby he was authorised to leauie through his whole prouince foure pence of the -pound of ecclesiasticall promotions, as well in places exempt, as not exempt, no true nor -lawfull cause being shewed or pretended, why he ought so to doo; and to see the execution -of this bull put in practise, the archbishop of Yorke, and the bishop of London, were -named and appointed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Waltham bishop of Salisburie buried at Westminster amongst -the kings.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 19.</h2> - -<p>The duke of Irelāds corps conueied from Louaine into -England, and there roiallie interred.</p></div> - -<p>Manie that feared the censures of such high executions, chose rather to paie the monie -foorthwith, than to go to the law, and be compelled happilie, mauger their good willes. -Some there were that appealed to the sée of Rome, meaning to defend their cause and to -procure that so vnlawfull an exaction might be reuoked. Speciallie, the prebendaries of -Lincolne stood most stiffelie against those bishops, but the death of the archbishop that -chanced shortlie after, made an end of those so passing great troubles. This yeare, Iohn -Waltham bishop of Salisburie, and lord treasuror of England departed this life, and by -king Richard his appointment had the honor to haue his bodie interred at Westminster -amongst the kings. After this decease, Roger Walden that before was secretarie to the -king, and treasuror of Calis, was now made lord treasuror. -Yée haue heard, that in the yeare 1392, Robert Véer duke of Ireland departed this life -in Louaine in Brabant. King Richard therefore this yeare in Nouember, caused his -corps being imbalmed, to be conueied into England, and so to the priorie of Colnie in -Essex, appointing him to be laid in a coffine of cypresse, and to be adorned with princelie -garments, hauing a chaine of gold about his necke, and rich rings on his fingers. And to -shew what loue and affection he bare vnto him in his life time, the king caused the coffine -to be opened, that he might behold his face bared, and touch him with his hands: he -honored his funerall exequies with his presence, accompanied with the countesse of Oxenford, -mother to the said duke, the archbishop of Canturburie, and manie other bishops, -abbats, and priors: but of noble men there were verie few, for they had not yet digested -the enuie and hatred which they had conceiued against him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p>The Gascoignes send vnto K. Rich. signifieng vnto him, that -they ought not to be diuided from the crowne.</p></div> - -<p>In this meane while, the duke of Lancaster was in Gascoigne, treating with the lords of -the countrie, and the inhabitants of the good townes, which vtterlie refused to receiue him -otherwise than as a lieutenant or substitute to the king of England, and in the end addressed -messengers into England, to signifie to the king, that they had beene accustomed to be -gouerned by kings, and meant not now to become subiects to anie other, contrarie to all -reason, sith the king could not (sauing his oth) alien them from the crowne. The duke of -Lancaster vsed all waies he might deuise, how to win their good wils, and had sent -also certeine of his trustie councellors, ouer hither into England, as sir William Perreer, -sir Peter Clifton, and two clearkes learned in the lawe, the one called maister Iohn -Huech, and the other maister Iohn Richards a canon of Leicester, to plead and sollicit -his cause.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The grant of the duchie of Aquitaine to the duke of -Lancaster reuoked.</p></div> - -<p>But to be breefe, such reasons were shewed, and such matter vnfolded by the Gascoignes, -whie they ought not be separated from the crowne of England, -that finallie <span class="xxpn" id="p831">|831|</span> -(notwithstanding the duke of Glocester, and certeine other were against them) it was decréed, -that the countrie and duchie of Aquitaine should remaine still in demesne of the crowne of -England, least that by this transporting thereof, it might fortune in time, that the heritage -thereof should fall into the hands of some stranger, and enimie to the English nation, so -that then the homage and souereigntie might perhaps be lost for euer. Indeed, the duke -of Glocester, being a prince of an high mind, & loth to haue the duke of Lancaster at -home, being so highlie in the kings fauor, could haue béene well pleased, that he should -haue enioied his gift, for that he thought thereby to haue borne all the rule about the -king, for the duke of Yorke was a man rather coueting to liue in pleasure, than to deale -with much businesse, and the weightie affaires of the realme.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Ambassadors sent into France to treat a marriage betwéene -king Richard & the French K. daughter.</p></div> - -<p>About the same time, or somewhat before, the king sent an ambassage to the French -king, the archbishop of Dublin, the earle of Rutland, the earle Marshall, the lord Beaumont, -the lord Spenser, the lord Clifford named Lewes, and twentie knights with fortie -esquiers. The cause of their going ouer, was to intreat of a marriage to be had betwixt -him, and the ladie Isabell, daughter to the French king, she being as then not past eight -yeares of age, which before had beene promised vnto the duke of Britaines sonne: but in -consideration of the great benefit that was likelie to insue by this communication and -aliance with England, there was a meane found to vndoo that knot, though not presentlie. -These English lords, at their comming to Paris, were ioifullie receiued, and so courteouslie -interteined, banketted, feasted, and cherished, and that in most honorable sort, as nothing -could be more: all their charges and expenses were borne by the French king, and when -they should depart, they receiued for answer of their message, verie comfortable words, -and so with hope to haue their matter sped, they returned.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<div class="fsize4">1396.</div> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster marieth a ladie of a meane estate, -whome he had kept as his concubine.</p></div> - -<p>But now when the duke of Lancaster had, by laieng foorth an inestimable masse of -treasure purchased in a manner the good wils of them of Aquitaine, and compassed his -whole desire, he was suddenlie countermanded home by the king, and so to satisfie the -kings pleasure, he returned into England, and comming to the king at Langleie, where he -held his Christmasse, was receiued with more honor than loue, as was thought; wherevpon -he rode in all hast that might be to Lincolne, where Katharine Swinford as then laie, -whom shortlie after the Epiphanie, he tooke to wife. This woman was borne in Heinault, -daughter to a knight of that countrie, called sir Paou de Ruet: she was brought vp in hir -youth, in the duke of Lancasters house, and attended on his first wife the duchesse -Blanch of Lancaster, and in the daies of his second wife the duchesse Constance, he kept -the foresaid Katharine as his concubine, who afterwards was married to a knight of England, -named Swinford, that was now deceassed. Before she was married, the duke had by -hir three children, two sonnes and a daughter; one of the sons was named Thomas de -Beaufort, & the other Henrie, who was brought vp at Aken in Almaine, prooued a good -lawyer, and was after bishop of Winchester.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Wickleuists increase.</p></div> - -<p>For the loue that the duke had to these his children, he married their mother the said -Katharine Swinford, being now a widow, whereof men maruelled much, considering hir -meane estate was farre vnmeet to match with his highnesse, and nothing comparable in -honor to his other two former wiues. And indeed, the great ladies of England, as the -duches of Glocester, the countesses of Derbie, Arundell and others, descended of the -blood roiall, greatlie disdeined, that she should be matched with the duke of Lancaster, -and by that means be accompted second person in the realme, and preferred in roome -before them, and therefore they said, that they would not come in anie place where she -should be present, for it should be a shame to them that a woman of so base birth, and -concubine to the duke in his other wiues daies, should go and haue place before them. -The duke of Glocester also, being a man of an high mind and stout stomach, misliked his -brothers matching so meanlie, but the duke of Yorke bare it well inough, and verelie, the -ladie hir selfe was a woman of such bringing vp, and honorable demeanor, that enuie could -not in the end but giue place to well deseruing. About this -season, the doctrine of <span class="xxpn" id="p832">|832|</span> -Iohn Wickliffe still mightilie spred abroad héere in England.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> schisme also -still continued in the church, betwixt the two factions of cardinals French and Romane; -for one of their popes could no sooner be dead, but that they ordeined an other in his -place.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle marshall affieth <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> French kings daughter, -in <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> name of king Richard.</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 20.</h2> - -<p>A truce for 30 yeares betwéene England and France. <i>Tho. Walsin.</i></p></div> - -<p>In this eighteenth yeare also was a woonderfull tempest of wind in the months of Iulie -and August, and also more speciallie in September, by violence whereof, in sundrie -places of this realme, great and woonderfull hurt was doone, both in churches and houses.  -<span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> ambassadors that had béene latelie in France, about the treatie of the marriage -(as before yée haue heard) went thither againe, and so after that the two kings by sending -to and fro were growne to certaine points and couenants of agreement, the earle marshall, -by letters of procuration, married the ladie Isabell, in name of king Richard, so that from -thencefoorth she was called quéene of England. -Amongst other couenants and articles -of this marriage, there was a truce accorded, to indure betwixt the two realms of England -and France, for tearme of thirtie yeares. The pope wrote to king Richard, beseeching -him to assist the prelats against the Lollards (as they tearmed them) whom he pronounced -to be traitors, both to the church and kingdome, and therefore he besought -him to take order for the punishment of them, whom the prelats should denounce to be -heretikes.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The popes letters to K. Rich. against <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> Wickleuists.</p> - -<p>K. Richard goeth ouer to Calis.</p></div> - -<p>At the same time, he sent a bull reuocatorie concerning religious men, that had either -at his hands or at the hands of his legats or nuncios purchased to be his chapleins, and -accompting themselues thereby exempt from their order; so that now they were by this -reuocatorie bull, appointed to returne to their order, and to obserue all rules thereto belonging. -This liked the friers well, namelie the minors, that sought by all means they -might deuise, how to bring their brethren home againe, which by such exemptions in -being the popes chapleins, were segregated and diuided from the residue of their fraternitie -or brotherhood. The king in this twentith yeare of his reigne, went ouer to Calis with -his vncles the dukes of Yorke and Glocester, and a great manie of other lords and ladies -of honour, and thither came to him the duke of Burgognie, and so they communed of the -peace. There was no enimie to the conclusion thereof but the duke of Glocester, who -shewed well by his words that he wished rather war than peace, in somuch as the king -stood in doubt of him, least he would procure some rebellion against him by his subiects, -whome he knew not to fauour greatlie this new aliance with France.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The maner of the interview betwéene king Richard and -the French king. <i>Fabian.</i></p></div> - -<p>The king after the duke of Burgognie had talked with him throughlie of all things, and -was departed from him, returned into England (leauing the ladies still at Calis) to open -the couenants of the marriage and peace vnto his subiects, and after he had finished with -that businesse, and vnderstood their minds, he went againe to Calis, and with him his two -vncles, of Lancaster and Glocester, and diuerse prelats and lords of the realme; and -shortlie after came the French king to the bastide of Arde, accompanied with the dukes of -Burgognie, Berrie, Britaine and Burbon. There was set vp for the king of England a -right faire and rich pauilion a little beyond Guisnes within the English pale; and another -the like pauilion was pight vp also for the French king on this side Arde, within the French -dominion; so that betwéene the said pauilions was the distance of thréescore & ten pases, -and in the midwaie betwixt them both, was ordeined the third pauilion, at the which both -kings comming from either of their tents sundrie times should méet and haue communication -togither.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p><i>Fabian.</i></p> - -<p>The oth of the two kings.</p></div> - -<p>The distance betwixt the two tents was beset on either side in time of the interview with -knights armed with their swords in their hands; that is to say, on the one side stood foure -hundred French knights in armor with swords in their hands, and on the other side -foure hundred English knights armed with swords in their hands, making as it were a lane -betwixt them through the which the two kings came and met, with such noble men as were -appointed to attend them. -And a certeine distance from the two first pauilions, were -appointed to stand such companies of men as either of them by -appointment had <span class="xxpn" id="p833">|833|</span> -couenanted to bring with them. The two kings before their méeting, receiued a solemne oth -for assurance of their faithfull and true meaning, to obserue the sacred lawes of amitie -one toward an other, in that their interview, so as no damage, violence, molestation, arrest, -disturbance, or other inconuenience should be practised by them, or their friends and -subiects: and that if anie disorder rose through anie mishappe, arrogancie, or strife -mooued by anie person, the same should be reformed, promising in the words of princes -to assist one an other in suppressing, the malice of such as should presume to doo or attempt -anie thing that might sound to the breach of friendlie amitie, during the time of that -assemblie eight daies before, and seuen daies after.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The chapell of our ladie of peace.</p></div> - -<p>On the six and twentith of October, the king of England remooued from Calis toward -the castell of Guisnes, and with him the duke of Berrie, who was sent to take his oth. -The morow after, being the euen of Simon and Iude, the kings met, and the lords of -France, to wit, the duke of Berrie, Burgogne, Orleans, and Burbon, the earle of Sauoie, -the vicount of Meaux, and others conueied the king of England; and from him were -sent to conduct the French king diuerse of the English lords, as the two dukes of Lancaster -and Glocester, foure earles; to wit, of Derbie, Rutland, Notingham, and Northumberland. -After the two kings were come togither into the tent for that purpose prepared, -it was first accorded betwixt them, that in the same place where they thus met, should be -builded of both their costs a chapell for a perpetuall memorie, which should be called The -chapell of our ladie of peace. On saturdaie being the feast daie of the apostles Simon -and Iude, the kings talked togither of certeine articles touching the treatie of peace, and -hauing concluded vpon the same, they receiued either of them an oth vpon the holie -Euangelists, to obserue and kéepe all the couenants accorded vpon.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The French K. giueth his daughter to king Richard in marriage.</p> - -<p>The order of the French kings seruice at table.</p></div> - -<p>On the mondaie the French king came to the king of England his pauillion, and the -same time was brought thither the yoong queene Isabell daughter to the French king, who -there deliuered hir vnto king Richard, who taking hir by the hand kissed hir, & gaue to -hir father great thanks for that so honorable and gratious a gift, openlie protesting, that -vpon the conditions concluded betwixt them, he did receiue hir, that by such affinitie both -the realmes might continue in quietnesse, and come to a good end and perfect conclusion -of a perpetuall peace. The quéene was committed to the duchesses of Lancaster & -Glocester, to the countesses of Huntington and Stafford, to the marchionesse of Dublin -daughter to the lord Coucie, to the ladies of Namure, Poinings, and others: which with -a noble traine of men and horsses, conueied hir to Calis: for there were twelue charrets -full of ladies & gentlewomen. This doone, the kings came togither into the king of Englands -pauillion to dinner. The French king sate on the right side of the hall, and was -roiallie serued after the maner of his countrie, that is to saie, of all maner of meats -appointed to be serued at the first course in one mightie large dish or platter, and likewise -after the same sort at the second course. But the king of England was serued after -the English manner. When the tables were taken vp, and that they had made an end of -dinner, the kings kissed ech other, and tooke their horsses. The K. of England brought -the French king on his waie, and at length they tooke leaue either of other, in shaking -hands and imbracing on horssebacke. The French king rode to Arde, and the king of -England returned to Calis.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The expenses of king Richard at this interview.</p> - -<p>The mariage solemnized at Calis.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ We</span> -haue omitted (as things superfluous to speake of) all the honorable demenor -and courteous interteinement vsed and shewed betwixt these princes and noble men on -both parts, their sundrie feastings and banketings, what rich apparell, plate and other -furniture of cupboords and tables, the princelie gifts and rich iewels which were presented -from one to an other, striuing (as it might séeme) who should shew himselfe most bounteous -and liberall: beside the gifts which the king of England gaue vnto the French -king, and to the nobles of his realme (which amounted aboue the summe of ten thousand -marks) the K. of England spending at this time (as the fame went) aboue thrée hundred -thousand marks. After the kings returne to Calis on wednesdaie -next insuing, being All <span class="xxpn" id="p834">|834|</span> -hallowes daie, in solemne wise he married the said ladie Isabell in the church of saint -Nicholas, the archbishop of Canturburie dooing the office of the minister.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The maior of London and the citizens meete the K. & the -quéene on Blackeheath.</p></div> - -<p>The thursdaie after, the dukes of Orleance and Burbon, came to Calis to sée the king -& the quéene: and on the fridaie they tooke their leaue and departed, and rode to saint -Omers to the French king. On the same daie in the morning the king and the queene -tooke their ship, and had faire passage: for within thrée houres they arriued at Douer, -from whence they sped them towards London, whereof the citizens being warned, made -out certeine horssemen, well appointed in one liuerie of colour, with a deuise imbrodered -on their sléeues, that euerie companie might be knowne from other, the which with the -maior and his brethren, clothed in skarlet, met the king and quéene on Blackeheath, and -there dooing their duties with humble reuerence attended vpon their maiesties till they -came to Newington: where the king comanded the maior with his companie to returne, -for that he was appointed to lodge that night at Kennington.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Certaine thrust to death in the prease on London bridge. -<i>Iohn Stow.</i></p> - -<p>The quéens coronation.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1397.</div> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster his bastards made legitimate by -parlement.</p> - -<p>The iustices reuoked out of exile.</p></div> - -<p>Shortlie after, to wit, the thirteenth of Nouember, the yoong quéene was conueied from -thence with great pompe vnto the Tower, at which time there was such prease on London -bridge, that by reason thereof, certeine persons were thrust to death: among the which -the prior of Tiptrie, a place in Essex was one, and a worshipfull matrone in Cornehill an -other. The morrow after she was conueied to Westminster with all the honor that might -be deuised, and finallie there crowned queene vpon sundaie being then the seauenth of -Ianuarie. On the two and twentith of Ianuarie was a parlement begun at Westminster, -in which the duke of Lancaster caused to be legitimated the issue which he had begot -of Katharine Swinfort, before she was his wife.  <span class="nowrap">¶ At</span> the same time Thomas Beaufort -sonne to the said duke, by the said Katharine, was created earle of Summerset.  <span class="nowrap">¶ There</span> -was an ordinance made in the same parlement, that iustices should not haue anie to sit -with them as assistants.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Moreouer</span> there was a tenth granted by the clergie to be paied -to the kings vse at two seuerall termes in that present yeare. In this yeare the king -contrarie to his oth reuoked the iustices foorth of Ireland, whom by constraint (as before -ye haue heard) he was inforced to banish, thereby to satisfie the noble men that -would haue it so.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Brest yéelded vp to the duke of Britaine.</p> - -<p>Priuie grudge betwixt the king and the duke of Glocester.</p> - -<p>The talke betwixt the king and the duke of Glocester.</p> - -<p>Out of a French pamphlet.</p></div> - -<p>In this twentith yeare of his reigne king Richard receiuing the summes of monie (for -the which the strong towne of Brest was ingaged to him) by euill counsell (as manie -thought) deliuered it vnto the duke of Britaine, by reason whereof no small sparke of -displeasure arose betwixt the king and the duke of Glocester, which kindled vp such a -flame (as it was easie to doo) finding matter inough to féed vpon in both their brests, -that finallie it could no longer be kept downe, nor by any meanes quenched. In the -moneth of Februarie, the king holding a sumptuous feast at Westminster, many of the -soldiors that were newlie come from Brest preased into the hall, and kept a roome togither. -Whom as the duke of Glocester beheld, and vnderstood what they were, to -remember how that towne was giuen vp contrarie to his mind and pleasure, it grieued -him not a little: and therefore as the king was entred into his chamber, and few about -him, he could not forbeare, but brake foorth, and said to the king: “Sir, saw ye not -those felowes that sate in such number this daie in the hall, at such a table?” The king -answered that “he saw them,” and asked the duke what they were? To whom the -duke made this answer: “Sir, these be the soldiors that came from Brest, and haue -nothing now to take to, nor yet know how to shift for their liuings, and the worse, for -that (as I am informed) they haue béene euill paied.” Then said the king; “That is -against my will, for I would that they should haue their due wages; and if anie haue -cause to complaine, let them shew the matter to the treasuror, and they shall be reasonablie -answered:” and herewith he commanded that they should be appointed to foure -certeine villages about London, there to remaine, and to haue meate, drinke, and lodging -vpon his charges till they were paied.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Thus as they fell into reasoning of this matter, the duke said -to the king: “Sir, your <span class="xxpn" id="p835">|835|</span> -grace ought to put your bodie in paine to win a strong hold or towne by feats of war, -yer you take vpon you to sell or deliuer anie towne or strong hold gotten with great -aduenture by the manhood and policie of your noble progenitours.” To this the king -with changed countenance answered and said: “Vncle, how say you that?” And the -duke boldlie without feare recited the same againe, not changing one word in anie better -sort. Wherevpon the king being more chafed, replied; “Sir, thinke you that I am a -merchant, or a verie foole, to sell my land? By saint Iohn Baptist no: but truth it is, -that our coosine the duke of Britaine hath satisfied vs in all such summes of monie as our -progenitors lent vnto him, and to his ancestors, vpon gage of the said towne of Brest, for -the which reason and conscience will no lesse but that the towne should therevpon be to -him restored.” Vpon this multiplieng of woords in such presumptuous maner by the -duke against the king, there kindeled such displeasure betwixt them, that it neuer ceassed -to increase into flames, till the duke was brought to his end.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of saint Paule his counsell to K. Richard.</p> - -<p><i>Polydor.</i></p></div> - -<p>The earle of saint Paule at his last comming into England to receiue king Richards oth -for obseruing the truce, had conference with the king of diuerse matters. The king by -waie of complaint, shewed vnto him how stiffe the duke of Glocester was in hindering all -such matters as he would haue go forward, not onlie séeking to haue the peace broken -betwixt the realmes of England & France, but also procuring trouble at home, by stirring -the people to rebellion. The earle of saint Paule hearing of this stout demeanor of the -duke, told the king that it should be best to prouide in time against such mischéefs as -might insue thereof, and that it was not to be suffered, that a subiect should behaue himselfe -in such sort toward his prince. The king marking his woords, thought that he gaue -him good and faithfull counsell, and therevpon determined to suppresse both the duke -and other of his complices, and tooke more diligent regard to the saiengs & dooings of -the duke than before he had doone. And as it commeth to passe that those which suspect -anie euill, doo euer déeme the woorst; so he tooke euerie thing in euill part, insomuch -that he complained of the duke vnto his brethren the dukes of Lancaster and Yorke, in -that he should stand against him in all things and seeke his destruction, the death of his -counsellors, and ouerthrow of his realme.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The dukes of Lancaster & Yorke excuse the duke of Glocester to the king.</p></div> - -<p>The two dukes of Lancaster and Yorke to deliuer the kings mind of suspicion, made -answer, that they were not ignorant, how their brother of Glocester, as a man sometime -rash in woords, would speake oftentimes more than he could or would bring to effect, and -the same proceeded of a faithfull hart, which he bare towards the king, for that it grieued -him to vnderstand, that the confines of the English dominions should in anie wise be -diminished: therefore his grace ought not to regard his woords, sith he should take no -hurt thereby. These persuasions quieted the king for a time, till he was informed of the -practise which the duke of Glocester had contriued (as the fame went amongst diuerse -persons) to imprison the king. For then the duke of Lancaster and Yorke, first reprouing -the duke of Glocester for his too liberall talking, vttering vnaduisedlie woords that -became not his person, and which to haue concealed had tended more to the opinion of -vertue, than to lash out whatsoeuer his vnstaied mind affoorded, which is a great fault -(as in effect the poet noteth:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Eximia est virtus præstare silentia rebus,</p> -<p class="pversea">At contra grauis est culpa tacenda loqui)</p> -</div></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">and perceuing that he set nothing by their woords, were in doubt least if they should -remaine in the court still, he would vpon a presumptuous mind, in trust to be borne -out by them, attempt some outragious enterprise. Wherefore they thought best to depart -for a time into their countries, that by their absence he might the sooner learne to staie -himselfe for doubt of further displeasure. But it came to passe, that their departing -from the court was the casting awaie of the duke of Glocester. For after that they were -gone, there ceassed not such as bare him euill will, to procure the K. to dispatch him out -of the way. <span class="xxpn" id="p836">|836|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A conspiracie betwéene the duke of Glocester, and the -abbat of saint Albons.</p> - -<p>Out of an old French -pamphlet belonging to <i>Iohn Stow</i>.</p></div> - -<p>The duke in déed sore stomached the matter, that his counsell might not be followed -in all things, and speciallie for that he saw (as he tooke it) that the king was misled by -some persons that were about him, otherwise than stood with his honor: for reformation -whereof, he conferred with the abbat of saint Albons, and the prior of Westminster. -The abbat was both his coosine and godfather: and hauing on a daie both the duke and -the prior at his house in saint Albons, after dinner he fell in talke with the duke and prior, -and amongst other communication required of the prior to tell truth, whether he had -anie vision the night before or not. The prior séemed loth to make a direct answer; -but at length being earnestlie requested as well by the abbat as the duke, he declared -that he had a vision in déed, which was “that the realme of England should be destroied -through the misgouernement of king Richard.” “By the virgine Marie,” said the abbat, -“I had the verie same vision.” The duke herevpon disclosed vnto them all the secrets -of his mind, and by their deuises presentlie contriued an assemblie of diuerse great lords -of the realme at Arundell castell that daie fortnight, at what time he himselfe appointed -to be there, with the earles of Derbie, Arundell, Marshall, and Warwike: also the archbishop -of Canturburie, the abbat of saint Albons, the prior of Westminster, with diuerse -others.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 21.</h2> - -<p>The purpose of the conspirators.</p> - -<p>The earle marshall discloseth the conspiracie.</p></div> - -<p>These estates being come to Arundell castell at the daie appointed, about the verie -beginning of the one and twentith yeare of king Richards reigne, they sware ech to other -to be assistant in all such matters as they should determine, and therewith receiued the -sacrament at the hands of the archbishop of Canturburie, who celebrated masse before -them the morow after. Which doone, they withdrew into a chamber, and fell in -counsell togither, where in the end they light vpon this point; to take king Richard, the -dukes of Lancaster & Yorke, and commit them to prison, and all the other lords of the -kings counsell they determined shuld be drawne and hanged. Such was their purpose -which they ment to haue accomplished in August following. But the earle marshall that -was lord deputie of Calis, and had married the earle of Arundels daughter, discouered -all their counsell to the king, and the verie daie in which they should begin their enterprise. -The king bad the earle marshall take héed what he had said, for if it prooued not -true, he should repent it: but the earle constantlie herevnto answered, that if the matter -might be prooued otherwise, he was contented to be drawne and quartered.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Rutland saith <i>R. Grafton.</i></p></div> - -<p>The king herevpon went to London, where he dined at the house of his brother the -earle of Huntington in the stréet behind All hallowes church vpon the banke of the riuer -of Thames, which was a right faire and statelie house. After dinner, he gaue his -councell to vnderstand all the matter; by whose aduise it was agreed, that the king -should assemble foorthwith what power he might conuenientlie make of men of armes & -archers, and streightwaies take horsse, accompanied with his brother the earle of Huntington, -& the earle marshall. Herevpon at six of the clocke in the afternoone, the iust -houre when they vsed to go to supper, the king mounted on horssebacke, and rode his -waie; whereof the Londoners had great maruell. After that the king began to approch -the dukes house at Plashie in Essex, where he then laie, he commanded his brother the -earle of Huntington to ride afore, to know if the duke were at home, and if he were, then -to tell him that the king was comming at hand to speake with him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Glocester arrested.</p></div> - -<p>The earle with ten persons in his companie amending his pase (for the king had made -no great hast all the night before, as should appeare by his iournie) came to the house, -and entering into the court, asked if the duke were at home, and vnderstanding by a gentlewoman -that made him answer, that both the duke and duchesse were yet in bed, he -besought hir to go to the duke, and to shew him that the king was comming at hand to -speake with him, and foorthwith came the king with a competent number of men of -armes, and a great companie of archers, riding into the base court, his trumpets sounding -before him. The duke herewith came downe into the base court, where the king was, -hauing none other apparell vpon him, but his shirt, and a cloke -or a mantell cast about <span class="xxpn" id="p837">|837|</span> -his shoulders, and with humble reuerence said that his grace was welcome, asking of the -lords how it chanced they came so earlie, and sent him no word of their comming? The -king herewith courteouslie requested him to go and make him readie, and appoint his -horsse to be sadled, for that he must needs ride with him a little waie, and conferre with -him of businesse. The duke went vp againe into his chamber to put vpon him his clothes, -and the king alighting from his horsse, fell in talke with the duchesse and hir ladies. The -earle of Huntington and diuerse other followed the duke into the hall, and there staied -for him, till he had put on his raiment. And within a while they came foorth againe all -togither into the base court, where the king was deliting with the duchesse in pleasant talke, -whom he willed now to returne to hir lodging againe, for he might staie no longer, and -so tooke his horsse againe, and the duke likewise. But shortlie after that the king and -all his companie were gone foorth of the gate of the base court, he commanded the earle -marshall to apprehend the duke, which incontinentlie was doone according to the kings -appointment.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Out of an old French pamphlet.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ Here</span> -we find some variance in writers. For as by an old French pamphlet (which -I haue séene) it should appeare, the king commanded first, that this duke should be -conueied vnto the tower, where he ment to commen with him, & not in any other place: -but neuerthelesse, the king shortlie after appointed, that he should be sent to Calis, as -in the same pamphlet is also conteined. Other write, that immediatlie vpon his apprehension, -the earle marshall conueied him vnto the Thames, and there being set aboord -in a ship prepared of purpose, he was brought to Calis, where he was at length dispatched -out of life, either strangled or smoothered with pillowes (as some doo write.) For the -king thinking it not good, that the duke of Glocester should stand to his answer openlie, -because the people bare him so much good will, sent one of his iustices called William -Kikill, an Irishman borne, ouer vnto Calis, there to inquire of the duke of Glocester, -whether he had committed any such treasons as were alledged against him, and the earles -of Arundell and Warwike, as after shall be specified. Iustice Kikill hearing what he -confessed vpon his examination, wrote the same as he was commanded to doo, and -therewith spéedilie returned to the king, and as it hath beene reported, he informed the -king (whether trulie or not, I haue not to say) that the duke franklie confessed euerie -thing, wherewith he was charged. Wherevpon the king sent vnto Thomas Mowbraie -earle marshall and of Notingham, to make the duke secretlie awaie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>† For he was son to a king, and vncle to a king.</p></div> - -<p>The earle prolonged time for the executing of the kings commandement, though the -king would haue had it doone with all expedition, wherby the king conceiued no small -displeasure, and sware that it should cost the earle his life if he quickly obeied not his -commandement. The earle thus as it séemed in maner inforced, called out the duke at -midnight, as if he should haue taken ship to passe ouer into England, and there in the -lodging called the princes In, he caused his seruants to cast featherbeds vpon him, and so -smoother him to death, or otherwise to strangle him with towels (as some write.) This -was the end of that † nobleman, fierce of nature, hastie, wilfull, and giuen more to war -than to peace: and in this greatlie to be discommended, that he was euer repining against -the king in all things, whatsoeuer he wished to haue forward. He was thus made awaie -not so soone as the brute ran of his death. But (as it should appeare by some authors) -he remained aliue till the parlement that next insued, and then about the same time that -the earle of Arundell suffered, he was dispatched (as before ye haue heard.) His bodie -was afterwards with all funerall pompe conueied into England, and buried at his owne -manor of Plashie within the church there, in a sepulchre which he in his life time had -caused to be made, and there erected.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Arundell apprehended.</p></div> - -<p>The same euening that the king departed from London towards Plashie, to apprehend -the duke of Glocester, the earle of Rutland and the earle of Kent were sent with a great -number of men of armes and archers to arrest the erle of Arundell; which was doone -easilie inough, by reason that the said earle was trained with faire words at -the kings <span class="xxpn" id="p838">|838|</span> -hands, till he was within his danger: where otherwise he might haue béene able to haue -saued himselfe, and deliuered his fréends. The earle of Warwike was taken, and committed -to the tower the same day that the king had willed him to dinner, and shewed him -verie good countenance. There were also apprehended and committed to the tower the -same time, the lord Iohn Cobham, and sir Iohn Cheinie knights. The earle of Arundell -was sent to the Ile of Wight, there to remaine as prisoner, till the next parlement, in the -which he determined so to prouide, that they should be all condemned, and put to death. -And for doubt of some commotion that might arise amongst the commons, he caused it -by open proclamation to be signified, that these noblemen were not apprehended for any -offense committed long agone, but for new trespasses against the king, as in the next parlement -should be manifestlie declared and prooued.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The names of the appellants.</p> - -<p>A gard of Cheshire men about the king.</p></div> - -<p>Shortlie after, he procured them to be indicted at Notingham, suborning such as should -appeale them in parlement, to wit, Edward earle of Rutland, Thomas Mowbraie earle -marshall, Thomas Holland earle of Kent, Iohn Holland earle of Huntington, Thomas -Beaufort erle of Summerset, Iohn Montacute earle of Salisburie, Thomas lord Spenser, -and the lord William Scroope lord chamberleine. In the meane time, the king fearing -what might be attempted against him by those that fauoured these noblemen that were in -durance, sent for a power of Cheshire men, that might day and night keepe watch and -ward about his person. They were about two thousand archers, paid wéekelie, as by -the annales of Britaine it appeareth. The king had little trust in any of the nobilitie, except -in his brother the earle of Huntington, and the earle of Rutland sonne to the duke -of Yorke, and in the earle of Salisburie: in these onelie he reposed a confidence, and -not in any other, except in certeine knights and gentlemen of his priuie chamber.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The lords appointed to come in warlike manner to the parlemēt.</p> - -<p><i>Polydor.</i></p> - -<p>The dukes of Lancaster & Yorke assemble their powers -to resist the kings dealings.</p></div> - -<p>In the meane time, whiles things were thus in broile, before the beginning of the parlement, -diuers other, beside them of whom we haue spoken, were apprehended and put -in sundrie prisons. The parlement was summoned to begin at Westminster the 17 of September, -and writs therevpon directed to euerie of the lords to appeare, and to bring with -them a sufficient number of armed men and archers in their best arraie: for it was not -knowen how the dukes of Lancaster and Yorke would take the death of their brother, -nor how other péeres of the realme would take the apprehension and imprisonment of -their kinsemen, the earls of Arundell and Warwike, and of the other prisoners. Suerlie -the two dukes when they heard that their brother was so suddenlie made awaie, they wist -not what to saie to the matter, and began both to be sorowfull for his death, and doubtfull -of their owne states: for sith they saw how the king (abused by the counsell of euill -men) abstained not from such an heinous act, they thought he would afterwards attempt -greater misorders from time to time. Therefore they assembled in all hast, great numbers -of their seruants, fréends, and tenants, and comming to London, were receiued into -the citie. For the Londoners were right sorie for the death of the duke of Glocester, who -had euer sought their fauour, in somuch that now they would haue béene contented to -haue ioined with the dukes in seeking reuenge of so noble a mans death, procured and -brought to passe without law or reason, as the common brute then walked; although -peraduenture he was not as yet made awaie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Caxton.</i> <i>Fabian.</i> <i>Polydor.</i></p></div> - -<p>Here the dukes and other fell in counsell, and manie things were proponed. Some -would that they shuld by force reuenge the duke of Glocesters death, other thought it -méet that the earles Marshall and Huntington, and certeine others, as chéefe authours -of all the mischeefe should be pursued and punished for their demerites, hauing trained -vp the king in vice and euill customes, euen from his youth. But the dukes (after their -displeasure was somewhat asswaged) determined to couer the stings of their griefes for -a time, and if the king would amend his maners, to forget also the iniuries past. In the -meane time the king laie at Eltham, and had got about him a great power (namelie of -those archers, which he had sent for out of Cheshire, in whome he put a singular trust -more than in any other.) <span class="xxpn" id="p839">|839|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king and the dukes reconciled.</p></div> - -<p>There went messengers betwixt him and the dukes, which being men of honour did -their indeuour to appease both parties. The king discharged himselfe of blame for the -duke of Glocesters death, considering that he had gone about to breake the truce, which -he had taken with France, and also stirred the people of the realme to rebellion, and -further had sought the destruction and losse of his life, that was his souereigne lord and -lawfull king. Contrarilie, the dukes affirmed, that their brother was wrongfullie put to -death, hauing doone nothing worthie of death. At length, by the intercession and meanes -of those noble men that went to and fro betwixt them, they were accorded, & the king -promised from thencefoorth to doo nothing but by the assent of the dukes: but he kept -small promise in this behalfe, as after well appeared.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Caxton.</i></p> - -<p>The great parlement.</p></div> - -<p>When the time came, that the parlement should be holden at Westminster, according -to the tenour of the summons, the lords repaired thither, furnished with great retinues -both of armed men and archers, as the earle of Derbie, the earle Marshall, the earle of -Rutland, the lord Spenser, the earle of Northumberland, with his sonne the lord Henrie -Persie, and the lord Thomas Persie the said earles brother, also the lord Scroope treasuror -of England, & diuerse other. All the which earles and lords brought with them -a great & strong power, euerie of them in their best araie, as it were to strengthen the -king against his enimies. The dukes of Lancaster and Yorke were likewise there, giuing -their attendance on the king with like furniture of men of armes & archers. There was -not halfe lodging sufficient within the citie & suburbes of London for such cōpanies of men -as the lords brought with them to this parlement, called the great parlement: in somuch -that they were constreined to lie in villages abroad ten or twelue miles on ech side the -citie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The kings gréeuances opened in this parlement.</p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsing.</i> Iohn Bushie, William Bagot, Thomas Gréene.</p> - -<p>A new house made within the palace of Westminster for -the areignment of the lords indicted. Additions to <i>Polychron.</i></p> - -<p>Sir Iohn Bushie speaker.</p></div> - -<p>In the beginning of this parlement, the king greatlie complained of the misdemeanour -of the péeres and lords of his realme, as well for the things doone against his will and -pleasure, whiles he was yoong, as for the streit dealing, which they had shewed towards -the quéene, who was thrée houres at one time on hir knees before the earle of Arundell, -for one of hir esquiers, named Iohn Caluerlie, who neuerthelesse had his head smit frō -his shoulders, & all the answer that she could get, was this: “Madame, praie for yourselfe, -and your husband, for that is best, and let this sute alone.” Those that set foorth -the kings greeuances, as prolocutors in this parlement were these: Iohn Bushie, William -Bagot and Thomas Gréene. The king had caused a large house of timber to be made -within the palace at Westminster, which he was called an hall, couered aboue head with -tiles, and was open at the ends, that all men might see through it. This house was of so -great a compasse, that scarse it might stand within the roome of the palace. In this house -was made an high throne for the king, and a large place for all estates besides to sit in. -There were places also made for the appellants to stand on the one side, and the defendants -on the other, and a like roome was made behind for the knights and burgesses -of the parlement. There was a place deuised for the speaker, named sir Iohn Bushie, -a knight of Lincolnshire, accompted to be an exceeding cruell man, ambitious, and -couetous beyond measure.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The archbishop of Canturburie sitting in parlement is accused -of treason by the speaker.</p></div> - -<p>Immediatlie after, ech man being placed in his roome, the cause of assembling that -parlement was shewed, as that the king had called it for reformation of diuerse transgressions -and oppressions committed against the peace of his land by the duke of Glocester, -the earles of Arundell, Warwike, and others. Then sir Iohn Bushie stept foorth, -and made request on the behalfe of the communaltie, that it might please the kings highnesse -for their heinous acts attempted against his lawes and roiall maiestie, to appoint -them punishment according to their deseruings, and speciallie to the archbishop of Canturburie -(who then sat next the king) whome he accused of high treason, for that he had -euill counselled his maiestie, inducing him to grant his letters of pardon to his brother the -earle of Arundell, being a ranke traitor.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Impudent flatterie.</p></div> - -<p>When the archbishop began to answer in his owne defense, the -king willed him to sit <span class="xxpn" id="p840">|840|</span> -downe againe and to hold his peace, for all should be well. Herewith sir Iohn Bushie -besought the king, that the archbishop should not be admitted to make his answer, which -if he did, by reason of his great wit and good vtterance, he feared least he should lead -men awaie to beléeue him: so the archbishop might be heard no further. Sir Iohn -Bushie in all his talke, when he proponed any matter vnto the king, did not attribute to -him titles of honour, due and accustomed, but inuented vnused termes and such strange -names, as were rather agreeable to the diuine maiestie of God, than to any earthlie potentate. -The prince being desirous inough of all honour, and more ambitious than was -requisite, seemed to like well of his speech, and gaue good eare to his talke.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i></p></div> - -<p>Thus when the archbishop was constreined to keepe silence, sir Iohn Bushie procéeded -in his purpose, requiring on the behalfe of the commons, that the charters of pardons -granted vnto the traitors, to wit, the duke of Glocester, and the earles of Arundell and -Warwike, should be reuoked by consent of all the estates now in parlement assembled. -The king also for his part protested, that those pardons were not voluntarilie granted by -him, but rather extorted by compulsion, and therefore he besought them that euerie -man would shew foorth their opinions what they thought thereof. There were two other -persons of great credit with the king, besides sir Iohn Bushie, that were, as before yee haue -heard, verie earnest to haue those charters of pardon reuoked and made void, to wit, sir -William Bagot, and sir Thomas Gréene.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>But bicause this matter séemed to require good deliberation, it was first put to the -bishops, who with small adoo gaue sentence, that the said charters were reuocable, and -might well inough be called in: yet the archbishop of Canturburie in his answer herevnto -said, that the king from whome those pardons came, was so high an estate, that he durst -not saie, that anie such charters by him granted, might be reuoked: notwithstanding, -his brethren the bishops thought otherwise: not considering (saith Thomas Walsingham) -that such reuoking of the kings charters of pardon should sound highlie to the kings dishonor: -forsomuch as mercie and pardoning transgressions is accompted to be the confirmation -and establishing of the kings seat and roiall estate.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The charters of pardō granted to <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> lords made void by parlement.</p></div> - -<p>The temporall lords perceiuing what the bishops had doone, did likewise giue their -consents, to reuoke the same pardons: but the iudges with those that were toward the -law, were not of this opinion, but finallie the bishops pretending a scrupulositie, as if -they might not with safe consciences be present where iudgement of bloud should passe, -they appointed a laie man to be their prolocutor to serue that turne. To conclude, at -length all maner of charters of pardon were made void, for that the same séemed to impeach -the suertie of the kings person. When sir Iohn Bushie and his associats had obteined -that reuocation, it was further by them declared, that the earle of Arundell had -yet an other speciall charter of pardon for his owne person, which he had obteined after -the first. And therefore sir Iohn Bushie earnestlie requested in name of the communaltie -that the same might likewise be reuoked.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p>The archb. of Canturburie condemned to perpetuall banishment.</p> - -<p>Six daies saith <i>Grafton</i>.</p></div> - -<p>The question then was asked of the bishops, who declared themselues to be of the like -opinion, touching that charter, as they were of the other. At that selfe time the archbishop -of Canturburie absented himselfe from the parlement, in hope that the king would -be his fréend, and stand his verie good lord, for that he had promised nothing should be -doone against him in the parlement whilest he was absent. But neuerthelesse, at the importunate -sute of the said sir Iohn Bushie and others, the archbishop was condemned vnto -perpetuall exile, and appointed to auoid the realme within six wéekes. And therewith the -king sent secretlie to the pope for order that the archbishop might be remooued from his -sée to some other, which sute was obteined, and Roger Walden lord treasuror was ordeined -archbishop in his place, as after shall appeare.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Arundell areigned.</p> - -<p>The duke of Lācaster high Steward of England at this areignement.</p></div> - -<p>On the feast daie of saint Matthew, Richard fitz Aleine, earle of Arundell, was -brought foorth to sweare before the king and whole parlement to such articles as he was -to be charged with. And as he stood at the bar, the lord Neuill -was commanded by the <span class="xxpn" id="p841">|841|</span> -duke of Lancaster, which sat that daie as high steward of England, to take the hood from -his necke, and the girdle from his waste. Then the duke of Lancaster declared vnto him, -that for his manifold rebellions and treasons against the kings maiestie he had béene -arrested, and hitherto kept in ward, and now at the petition of the lords and commons, -he was called to answer such crimes as were there to be obiected against him, and so to -purge himselfe, or else to suffer for his offenses, such punishment as law appointed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Arundell his answers to the points of his indictmēt.</p></div> - -<p>First, he charged him, for that he had traitorouslie rid in armour against the king in -companie of the duke of Glocester, and of the earle of Warwike, to the breach of peace -and disquieting of the realme. His answer herevnto was, that he did not this vpon anie -euill meaning towards the kings person, but rather for the benefit of the king and relme, -if it were interpreted aright, and taken as it ought to be. It was further demanded of -him, whie he procured letters of pardon from the K. if he knew himselfe giltlesse? He -answered, that he did not purchase them for anie feare he had of faults committed by him, -but to staie the malicious speach of them that neither loued the king nor him. He was -againe asked, whether he would denie that he had made anie such rode with the persons -before named, and that in companie of them he entred not armed vnto the kings presence -against the kings will and pleasure? To this he answered, that he could not denie it, -but that he so did.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Arundell condemned.</p></div> - -<p>Then the speaker sir Iohn Bushie, with open mouth, besought that iudgement might be -had against such a traitour: “and your faithfull commons (said he to the king) aske and -require that so it may be doone.” The earle turning his head aside, quietlie said to him; -“Not the kings faithfull cōmons require this, but thou, and what thou art I know.” -Then the eight appellants standing on the other side, cast their gloues to him, and in -prosecuting their appeale (which alreadie had béene read) offered to fight with him man -to man to iustifie the same. Then said the earle, “If I were at libertie, and that it might -so stand with the pleasure of my souereigne, I would not refuse to prooue you all liers in -this behalfe.” Then spake the duke of Lancaster, saieng to him; “What haue you further -to saie to the points before laid against you?” He answered, “that of the kings -grace he had his letters of generall pardon, which he required to haue allowed.” Then -the duke told him, “that the pardon was reuoked by the prelates and noble men in the -parlement, and therefore willed him to make some other answer.” The earle told him againe -“that he had an other pardon vnder the kings great seale, granted him long after of the -kings owne motion, which also he required to haue allowed.” The duke told him, “that the -same was likewise reuoked.” After this, when the earle had nothing more to saie for -himselfe, the duke pronounced iudgement against him, as in cases of treason is -vsed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>But after he had made an end, and paused a little, he said: “The king our souereigne -lord of his mercie and grace, bicause thou art of his bloud, and one of the peeres of the -realme, hath remitted all the other paines, sauing the last, that is to saie, the beheading, -and so thou shalt onelie lose thy head;” and forthwith he was had awaie, & led through -London vnto the Tower hill. There went with him to sée the execution doone six great -lords, of whome there were thrée earles, Notingham (that had married his daughter) -Kent (that was his daughters son) and Huntington, being mounted on great horsses, with -a great companie of armed men, and the fierce bands of the Cheshire-men, furnished -with axes, swords, bowes and arrowes, marching before and behind him, who onelie in -this parlement had licence to beare weapon, as some haue written. When he should -depart the palace, he desired that his hands might be losed to dispose such monie as he -had in his pursse, betwixt that place and Charingcrosse. This was permitted, and so he -gaue such monie as he had in almes with his owne hands, but his armes were still bound -behind him.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The executiō of the earle of Arundell.</p></div> - -<p>When he came to the Tower hill, the noble men that were about him, mooued him -right earnestlie to acknowledge his treason against the king. -But he in no wise would <span class="xxpn" id="p842">|842|</span> -so doo, but mainteined that he was neuer traitour in word or deed: and herewith perceiuing -the earles of Notingham and Kent, that stood by with other noble men busie to -further the execution (being as yée haue heard) of kin and alied to him, he spake to -them, and said: “Trulie it would haue beséemed you rather to haue béene absent than -here at this businesse. But the time will come yer it be long, when as manie shall -meruell at your misfortune as doo now at mine.” After this, forgiuing the executioner, he -besought him not to torment him long, but to strike off his head at one blowe, and féeling -the edge of the sword, whether it was sharpe inough or not, he said; “It is verie well, -doo that thou hast to doo quicklie,” and so knéeling downe, the executioner with one -stroke, strake off his head: his bodie was buried togither with his head in the church of -the Augustine friers in Breadstréet within the citie of London.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Ouid.</i></p></div> - -<p>The death of this earle was much lamented among the people, considering his sudden -fall and miserable end, where as not long before among all the noblemen of this land -(within the which was such a number, as no countrie in the world had greater store at that -present) there was none more esteemed: so noble and valiant he was, that all men spake -honour of him. After his death, as the fame went, the king was sore vexed in his sléepe -with horrible dreames, imagining that he saw this earle appeare vnto him threatning -him, & putting him in horrible feare, as if he had said with the -poet to king Richard;<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Nunc quóq; factorum venio memor vmbra tuorum,</p> -<p class="pverseb">Insequor & vultus ossea forma tuos.</p> -</div></div> - -<p>With which visions being sore troubled in sleepe, he curssed the daie that euer he knew -the earle. And he was the more vnquiet, bicause he heard it reported, that the common -people tooke the erle for a martyr, insomuch that some came to visit the place of his -sepulture, for the opinion they had conceiued of his holinesse. And where it was bruted -abroad as for a miracle, that his head should be growne to his bodie againe, the tenth daie -after his buriall, the king sent about ten of the clocke in the night, certeine of the nobilitie -to sée his bodie taken vp, that he might be certified of the truth. Which doone, and perceiuing -it was a fable, he commanded the friers to take downe his armes that were set vp about the -place of his buriall, and to couer the graue, so as it should not be perceiued where he was buried.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Warwike arreigned of treason.</p></div> - -<p>But now to returne to the parlement. After the death of this earle, the lord Thomas -Beauchampe earle of Warwike was brought forth to abide his triall by parlement, and -when his accusers charged him in like points of treason, such as before were imposed to -the earle of Arundell; he answered that he neuer meant euill to the kings person, nor -thought that those rodes and assemblies that were made in companie of the duke of -Glocester, the earle of Arundell, and others, might not be accompted treason. But when -the iudges had shewed him, that they could not be otherwise taken than for treason, he humbly -besought the king of mercy and grace. The king then asked of him whether he had rid with the -duke of Glocester, and the earle of Arundell, as had beene alledged? He answered that he -could not denie it, and wished that he had neuer seene them. Then said the king, Doo yee -not know that you are guiltie of treason? He answered againe, I acknowledge it; and with -sobbing teares besought all them that were present, to make intercession to the kings -maiestie for him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Then the king and the duke of Lancaster communed, and after the king had a while -with silence considered of the matter, he said to the earle; By saint Iohn Baptist, -Thomas of Warwike, this confession that thou hast made, is vnto me more auailable -than all the duke of Glocesters and the earle of Warwikes lands. Herewith the earle -making still intercession for pardon, the lords humblie besought the king to grant it. -Finallie the king pardoned him of life, but banished him into the Ile of Man, which then -was the lord Scroopes, promising that both he, and his wife, and children, should haue -good enterteinment. Which promise notwithstanding was but slenderlie kept, for both -the earle and the countesse liued in great penurie (as some write) and yet the lord -Scroope, that was lord chamberleine, had allowed for the earles diet foure thousand nobles -yéerelie paid out of the kings coffers. <span class="xxpn" id="p843">|843|</span><br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The parlemēt adiourned to Shrewsburie.</p></div> - -<p>On the mondaie next after the arreignement of the earle of Warwike, to wit, the foure -and twentie of September, was the lord Iohn Cobham, and sir Iohn Cheinie arreigned, -and found guiltie of like treasons for which the other had beene condemned before: but -at the earnest instance and sute of the nobles, they were pardoned of life, and banished, -or (as Fabian saith) condemned to perpetuall prison.  <span class="nowrap">¶ The</span> king desirous to see the -force of the Londoners, caused them (during the time of this parlement) to muster before -him on Blacke heath, where a man might haue seene a great number of able personages. -And now after that the parlement had continued almost till Christmasse, it was adiourned -vntill the quinden of S. Hilarie, then to begin againe at Shrewesburie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king keepeth his Christmasse at Lichfield.</p> - -<div class="fsize4">1398.</div> - -<p>Cheshire made a principalitie.</p> - -<p>K. Richard prince of Chester.</p> - -<p>Creation of dukes and earles.</p></div> - -<p>The king then came downe to Lichfield, and there held a roiall Christmasse, which -being ended, he tooke his iournie towards Shrewesburie, where the parlement was appointed -to begin in the quinden of saint Hilarie, as before yée haue heard. In which -parlement there holden vpon prorogation, for the loue that the king bare to the gentlemen -commons of the shire of Chester, he caused it to be ordeined that from thencefoorth -it should be called and knowne by the name of the principalitie of Chester: and herewith -he intituled himselfe prince of Chester. He held also a roiall feast, kéeping open houshold -for all honest commers, during the which feast, he created fiue dukes and a duchesse, a -marquesse, and foure earles. The earle of Derbie was created duke of Hereford, the -earle of Notingham that was also earle marshall duke of Norfolke, the earle of Rutland -duke of Aubemarle, the earle of Kent duke of Surrie, and the earle of Huntington duke of -Excester; the ladie Margaret marshall countesse of Norfolke, was created duchesse of -Norfolke; the earle of Summerset marques Dorset, the lord Spenser earle of Glocester, -the lord Neuill surnamed Daurabie earle of Westmerland, the lord William Scroope lord -chamberleine earle of Wiltshire, and the lord Thomas Persie lord steward of the kings -house earle of Worcester.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>K. Richard beareth saint Edward his armes.</p></div> - -<p>And for the better maintenance of the estate of these noble men, whome he had thus -aduanced to higher degrees of honour, he gaue vnto them a great part of those lands that -belonged to the duke of Glocester, the earles of Warwike, and Arundell. And now he -was in good hope, that he had rooted vp all plants of treason, and therefore cared lesse -who might be his freend or his fo, than before he had doone, estéeming himselfe higher in -degrée than anie prince liuing, and so presumed further than euer his grandfather did, -and tooke vpon him to beare the armes of saint Edward, ioining them vnto his owne armes. -To conclude, whatsoeuer he then did, none durst speake a word contrarie therevnto. -And yet such as were cheefe of his councell, were estéemed of the commons to be the -woorst creatures that might be, as the dukes of Aumarle, Norfolke and Excester, the -earle of Wiltshire, sir Iohn Bushie, sir William Bagot, and sir Thomas Gréene: which -thrée last remembred were knights of the Bath, against whom the commons vndoubtedlie -bare great and priuie hatred.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The L. Reginald Cobham condemned.</p> - -<p>The authoritie of both houses in parlement granted to certaine persons.</p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>But now to proceed. In this parlement holden at Shrewsburie, the lord Reginald Cobham, -being a verie aged man, simple and vpright in all his dealings, was condemned for -none other cause, but for that in the eleuenth yéere of the kings reigne he was appointed -with other to be attendant about the king as one of his gouernours. The acts and ordinances -also deuised and established in the parlement holden in the eleuenth yeare were -likewise repealed. Moreouer, in this parlement at Shrewesburie, it was decréed, that the -lord Iohn Cobham should be sent into the Ile of Gernesie, there to remains in exile, hauing -a small portion assigned him to liue vpon. The king so wrought & brought things -about, that he obteined the whole power of both houses to be granted to certeine persons, -as to Iohn duke of Lancaster, Edmund duke of Yorke, Edmund duke of Aumarle, Thomas -duke of Surrie, Iohn duke of Excester, Iohn marquesse Dorset, Roger earle of -March, Iohn earle of Salisburie, and Henrie earle of Northumberland, Thomas earle of -Glocester, and William earle of Wiltshire, Iohn Hussie, Henrie Cheimeswike, Robert -Teie, and Iohn Goulofer knights, or to seauen or eight of them. These were appointed -to heare and determine certeine petitions and matters yet depending -and not ended: but <span class="xxpn" id="p844">|844|</span> -by vertue of this grant, they procéeded to conclude vpon other things, which generallie -touched the knowledge of the whole parlement, in derogation of the states therof, to the -disaduantage of the king, and perillous example in time to come.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The K. procureth the popes buls against the breakers of his -statute.</p></div> - -<p>When the king had spent much monie in time of this parlement, he demanded a disme -and a halfe of the cleargie, and a fiftéenth of the temporaltie. Finallie, a generall pardon -was granted for all offenses to all the kings subiects (fiftie onelie excepted) whose names -he would not by anie meanes expresse, but reserued them to his owne knowledge, that -when anie of the nobilitie offended him, he might at his plesure name him to be one of the -number excepted, and so kéepe them still within his danger. To the end that the ordinances, -iudgements, and acts made, pronounced and established in this parlement, might -be and abide in perpetuall strength and force, the king purchased the popes buls, in which -were conteined greeuous censures and cursses, pronounced against all such as did by anie -means go about to breake and violate the statutes in the same parlement ordeined. These -buls were openlie published & read at Paules crosse in London, and in other the most -publike places of the realme.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Rightfull heires disherited.</p> - -<p><i>Polydor.</i></p> - -<p>K. Richard his euill gouernment.</p></div> - -<p>Manie other things were doone in this parlement, to the displeasure of no small number -of people; namelie, for that diuerse rightfull heires were disherited of their lands and -liuings, by authoritie of the same parlement: with which wrongfull dooings the people -were much offended, so that the king and those that were about him, and chéefe in councell, -came into great infamie and slander. In déed the king after he had dispatched the -duke of Glocester, and the other noblemen, was not a little glad, for that he knew them -still readie to disappoint him in all his purposes; and therefore being now as it were carelesse, -did not behaue himselfe (as some haue written) in such discréet order, as manie -wished: but rather (as in time of prosperitie it often happeneth) he forgot himselfe, and -began to rule by will more than by reason, threatning death to each one that obeied not his -inordinate desires. By means whereof, the lords of the realme began to feare their -owne estates, being in danger of his furious outrage, whome they tooke for a man destitute -of sobrietie and wisedome, and therefore could not like of him, that so abused his -authoritie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Hereford appealeth the duke of Norfolk of -treson. <i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>Herevpon there were sundrie of the nobles, that lamented these mischéefes, and speciallie -shewed their greefes vnto such, by whose naughtie counsell they vnderstood the king -to be misled; and this they did, to the end that they being about him, might either turne -their copies, and giue him better counsell; or else he hauing knowledge what euill report -went of him, might mend his maners misliked of his nobles. But all was in vaine, for -so it fell out, that in this parlement holden at Shrewsburie, Henrie duke of Hereford -accused Thomas Mowbraie duke of Norfolke, of certeine words which he should vtter in -talke had betwixt them, as they rode togither latelie before betwixt London and Brainford, -sounding highlie to the kings dishonor. And for further proofe thereof, he presented a -supplication to the king, wherein he appealed the duke of Norfolke in field of battell, for -a traitor, false and disloiall to the king, and enimie vnto the realme. This supplication -was red before both the dukes, in presence of the king: which doone, the duke of Norfolke -tooke vpon him to answer it, declaring that whatsoeuer the duke of Hereford had -said against him other than well, he lied falselie like an vntrue knight as he was. And -when the king asked of the duke of Hereford what he said to it: he taking his hood off -his head, said; “My souereigne lord, euen as the supplication which I tooke you -importeth, right so I saie for truth, that Thomas Mowbraie duke of Norfolke is a traitour, -false and disloiall to your roiall maiestie, your crowne, and to all the states of your -realme.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Surrie marshall and the duke of Aumarle -constable of England.</p></div> - -<p>Then the duke of Norfolke being asked what he said to this, he answered: “Right -déere lord, with your fauour that I make answer vnto your coosine here, I saie (your -reuerence saued) that Henrie of Lancaster duke of Hereford, like a false and disloiall -traitor as he is, dooth lie, in that he hath or shall say of me otherwise -than well.” No <span class="xxpn" id="p845">|845|</span> -more said the king, we haue heard inough: and herewith commanded the duke of Surrie -for that turne marshall of England, to arrest in his name the two dukes: the duke of -Lancaster father to the duke of Hereford, the duke of Yorke the duke of Aumarle constable -of England: and the duke of Surrie marshall of the realme vndertooke as pledges -bodie for bodie for the duke of Hereford: but the duke of Northfolke was not suffered to -put in pledges, and so vnder arrest was led vnto Windsor castell, and there garded with -kéepers that were appointed to sée him safelie kept.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The order of the procéeding in this appeale.</p></div> - -<p>Now after the dissoluing of the parlement at Shrewsburie, there was a daie appointed -about six wéeks after, for the king to come vnto Windsor, to heare and to take some order -betwixt the two dukes, which had thus appealed ech other. There was a great scaffold -erected within the castell of Windsor for the king to sit with the lords and prelats of his -realme: and so at the daie appointed, he with the said lords & prelats being come thither -and set in their places, the duke of Hereford appellant, and the duke of Norfolke defendant, -were sent for to come & appeare before the king, sitting there in his seat of iustice. -And then began sir Iohn Bushie to speake for the king, declaring to the lords how they -should vnderstand, that where the duke of Hereford had presented a supplication to the -king, who was there set to minister iustice to all men that would demand the same, as -apperteined to his roiall maiestie, he therefore would now heare what the parties could say -one against an other, and withall the king commanded the dukes of Aumarle and Surrie, -the one being constable, and the other marshall, to go vnto the two dukes, appellant and -defendant, requiring them on his behalfe, to grow to some agréement: and for his part, he -would be readie to pardon all that had beene said or doone amisse betwixt them, touching -anie harme or dishonor to him or his realme: but they answered both assuredlie, that it -was not possible to haue anie peace or agréement made betwixt them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>When he heard what they had answered, he commanded that they should be brought -foorthwith before his presence, to heare what they would say. Herewith an herald in the -kings name with lowd voice commanded the dukes to come before the king, either of them -to shew his reason, or else to make peace togither without more delaie. When they were -come before the king and lords, the king spake himselfe to them, willing them to agree, -and make peace togither: “for it is (said he) the best waie ye can take.” The duke of -Norfolke with due reuerence herevnto answered it could not be so brought to passe, his -honor saued. Then the king asked of the duke of Hereford, “what it was that he demanded -of the duke of Norfolke, and what is the matter that ye can not make peace togither -and become friends?”</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The obiection against the duke of Norfolke.</p></div> - -<p>Then stood foorth a knight; who asking and obteining licence to speake for the duke of -Hereford, said; “Right deare and souereigne lord, here is Henrie of Lancaster duke of -Hereford and earle of Derbie, who saith, and I for him likewise say, that Thomas Mowbraie -duke of Norfolke is a false and disloiall traitor to you and your roiall maiestie, and -to your whole realme: and likewise the duke of Hereford saith and I for him, that -Thomas Mowbraie duke of Norfolke hath receiued eight thousand nobles to pay the souldiers -that keepe your towne of Calis, which he hath not doone as he ought: and furthermore -the said duke of Norfolke hath béene the occasion of all the treason that hath beene -contriued in your realme for the space of these eighteene yeares, & by his false suggestions -and malicious counsell, he hath caused to die and to be murthered your right déere vncle, -the duke of Glocester, sonne to king Edward. Moreouer, the duke of Hereford saith, and -I for him, that he will proue this with his bodie against the bodie of the said duke of Norfolke -within lists.” The king herewith waxed angrie, and asked the duke of Hereford, if -these were his words, who answered: “Right déere lord, they are my woords; and hereof -I require right, and the battell against him.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>There was a knight also that asked licence to speake for the duke of Norfolke, and -obteining, it began to answer thus: “Right déere souereigne lord, here is Thomas Mowbraie -duke of Norfolke, who answereth and saith, and I for him, -that all which Henrie <span class="xxpn" id="p846">|846|</span> -of Lancaster hath said and declared (sauing the reuerence due to the king and his councell) -is a lie; and the said Henrie of Lancaster hath falselie and wickedlie lied as a false -and disloiall knight, and both hath béene, and is a traitor against you, your crowne, roiall -maiestie, & realme. This will I proue and defend as becommeth a loiall knight to doo -with my bodie against his: right déere lord, I beséech you therefore, and your councell, -that it maie please you in your roiall discretion, to consider and marke, what Henrie of -Lancaster duke of Hereford, such a one as he is, hath said.”</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Norfolke his answer for himselfe.</p></div> - -<p>The king then demanded of the duke of Norfolke, if these were his woords, and whether -he had anie more to saie. The duke of Norfolke then answered for himselfe: “Right -déere sir, true it is, that I haue receiued so much gold to paie your people of the towne of -Calis; which I haue doone, and I doo auouch that your towne of Calis is as well kept at -your commandement as euer it was at anie time before, and that there neuer hath béene by -anie of Calis anie complaint made vnto you of me. Right deere and my souereigne lord, -for the voiage that I made into France, about your marriage, I neuer receiued either gold -or siluer of you, nor yet for the voiage that the duke of Aumarle & I made into Almane, -where we spent great treasure: Marie true it is, that once I laid an ambush to haue slaine -the duke of Lancaster, that there sitteth: but neuerthelesse he hath pardoned me thereof, -and there was good peace made betwixt vs, for the which I yéeld him hartie thankes. -This is that which I haue to answer, and I am readie to defend my selfe against mine -aduersarie; I beseech you therefore of right, and to haue the battell against him in vpright -iudgement.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The combat appointed to be doone at Couentrie. The French -pamphlet. <i>Iohn Stow. Fabian.</i></p></div> - -<p>After this, when the king had communed with his councell a little, he commanded the -two dukes to stand foorth, that their answers might be heard. The K. then caused them -once againe to be asked, if they would agrée and make peace togither, but they both flatlie -answered that they would not: and withall the duke of Hereford cast downe his gage, -and the duke of Norfolke tooke it vp. The king perceiuing this demeanor betwixt them, -sware by saint Iohn Baptist, that he would neuer séeke to make peace betwixt them againe. -And therfore sir Iohn Bushie in name of the king & his councell declared, that the king -and his councell had commanded and ordeined, that they should haue a daie of battell -appointed them at Couentrie.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Here</span> writers disagrée about the daie that was appointed: -for some saie, it was vpon a mondaie in August; other vpon saint Lamberts -daie, being the seuenteenth of September, other on the eleuenth of September; but true -it is, that the king assigned them not onlie the daie, but also appointed them listes and -place for the combat, and therevpon great preparation was made, as to such a matter -apperteined.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 22.</h2></div> - -<p>At the time appointed the king came to Couentrie, where the two dukes were readie, -according to the order prescribed therein, comming thither in great arraie, accompanied -with the lords and gentlemen of their linages. The king caused a sumptuous scaffold or -theater, and roiall listes there to be erected and prepared. The sundaie before they -should fight, after dinner the duke of Hereford came to the king (being lodged about a -quarter of a mile without the towne in a tower that belonged to sir William Bagot) to -take his leaue of him. The morow after, being the daie appointed for the combat, about -the spring of the daie, came the duke of Norfolke to the court to take leaue likewise of the -king. The duke of Hereford armed him in his tent, that was set vp néere to the lists, and -the duke of Norfolke put on his armor, betwixt the gate & the barrier of the towne, in a -beautifull house, hauing a faire perclois of wood towards the gate, that none might sée what -was doone within the house.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The order of the combat.</p></div> - -<p>The duke of Aumarle that daie, being high constable of England, and the duke of -Surrie marshall, placed themselues betwixt them, well armed and appointed; and when -they saw their time, they first entered into the listes with a great companie of men apparelled -in silke sendall, imbrodered with siluer, both richlie and curiouslie, euerie man -hauing a tipped staffe to keepe the field in order. About the -houre of prime came to <span class="xxpn" id="p847">|847|</span> -the barriers of the listes, the duke of Hereford, mounted on a white courser, barded with -gréene & blew veluet imbrodered sumptuouslie with swans and antelops of goldsmiths -woorke, armed at all points. The constable and marshall came to the barriers, demanding -of him what he was, he answered; “I am Henrie of Lancaster duke of Hereford, which -am come hither to doo mine indeuor against Thomas Mowbraie duke of Norfolke, as a -traitor vntrue to God, the king, his realme, and me.” Then incontinentlie he sware vpon -the holie euangelists, that his quarrell was true and iust, and vpon that point he required -to enter the lists. Then he put vp his sword, which before he held naked in his hand, -and putting downe his visor, made a crosse on his horsse, and with speare in hand, entered -into the lists, and descended from his horsse, and set him downe in a chaire of -gréene veluet, at the one end of the lists, and there reposed himselfe, abiding the comming -of his aduersarie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Soone after him, entred into the field with great triumph, king Richard accompanied -with all the péeres of the realme, and in his companie was the earle of saint Paule, which -was come out of France in post to see this challenge performed. The king had there -aboue ten thousand men in armour, least some fraie or tumult might arise amongst his -nobles, by quarelling or partaking. When the king was set in his seat, which was richlie -hanged and adorned; a king at armes made open proclamation, prohibiting all men in -the name of the king, and of the high constable and marshall, to enterprise or attempt to -approch or touch any part of the lists vpon paine of death, except such as were appointed -to order or marshall the field. The proclamation ended, an other herald cried; “Behold -here Henrie of Lancaster duke of Hereford appellant, which is entred into the lists roiall -to doo his deuoir against Thomas Mowbraie duke of Norfolke defendant, vpon paine to -be found false and recreant.”</p> - -<p>The duke of Norfolke houered on horssebacke at the entrie of the lists, his horse being -barded with crimosen veluet, imbrodered richlie with lions of siluer and mulberie trées; -and when he had made his oth before the constable and marshall that his quarrell was -iust and true, he entred the field manfullie, saieng alowd: “God aid him that hath the -right,” and then he departed from his horsse, & sate him downe in his chaire which was -of crimosen veluet, courtined about with white and red damaske. The lord marshall -viewed their speares, to see that they were of equall length, and deliuered the one speare -himselfe to the duke of Hereford, and sent the other vnto the duke of Norfolke by a -knight. Then the herald proclamed that the trauerses & chaires of the champions should -be remooued, commanding them on the kings behalfe to mount on horssebacke, & addresse -themselues to the battell and combat.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The combat staied by the king.</p> - -<p>The king his dome betwixt the two dukes.</p></div> - -<p>The duke of Hereford was quicklie horssed, and closed his bauier, and cast his speare -into the rest, and when the trumpet sounded set forward couragiouslie towards his enimie -six or seuen pases. The duke of Norfolke was not fullie set forward, when the king cast -down his warder, and the heralds cried, Ho, ho. Then the king caused their speares -to be taken from them, and commanded them to repaire againe to their chaires, where -they remained two long houres, while the king and his councell deliberatlie consulted -what order was best to be had in so weightie a cause. Finallie, after they had deuised -and fullie determined what should be doone therein, the heralds cried silence and sir -Iohn Bushie the kings secretarie read the sentence and determination of the king and his -councell, in a long roll, the effect wherof was, that Henrie duke of Hereford should -within fifteene daies depart out of the realme, and not to returne before the terme of ten -yeares were expired, except by the king he should be repealed againe, and this vpon -paine of death; and that Thomas Mowbraie duke of Norfolke, bicause he had sowen -sedition in the relme by his words, should likewise auoid the realme, and neuer to returne -againe into England, nor approch the borders or confines thereof vpon paine of -death; and that the king would staie the profits of his lands, till -he had leuied thereof <span class="xxpn" id="p848">|848|</span> -such summes of monie as the duke had taken vp of the kings treasuror for the wages of -the garrison of Calis, which were still vnpaid.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Hereford beloued of the people.</p></div> - -<p>When these iudgements were once read, the king called before him both the parties, and -made them to sweare that the one should neuer come in place where the other was, -willinglie; nor kéepe any companie to gither in any forren region; which oth they both -receiued humblie, and so went their waies. The duke of Norfolke departed sorowfullie -out of the realme into Almanie, and at the last came to Venice, where he for thought and -melancholie deceassed: for he was in hope (as writers record) that he should haue béene -borne out in the matter by the king, which when it fell out otherwise, it greeued him not -a little. The duke of Hereford tooke his leaue of the king at Eltham, who there released -foure yeares of his banishment: so he tooke his iornie ouer into Calis, and from thence -went into France, where he remained.  <span class="nowrap">¶ A</span> woonder it was to sée what number of -people ran after him in euerie towne and stréet where he came, before he tooke the sea, -lamenting and bewailing his departure, as who would saie, that when he departed, the -onelie shield, defense and comfort of the commonwealth was vaded and gone.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Hereford is honorablie interteined -with the French king.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p><i>Hor. lib. epist. 1.</i></p></div> - -<p>At his comming into France, king Charles hearing the cause of his banishment (which -he esteemed to be verie light) receiued him gentlie, and him honorablie interteined, in so -much that he had by fauour obteined in mariage the onelie daughter of the duke of -Berrie, vncle to the French king, if king Richard had not béene a let in that matter, who -being thereof certified, sent the earle of Salisburie with all speed into France, both to -surmize by vntrue suggestion, heinous offenses against him, and also to require the -French king that in no wise he would suffer his cousine to be matched in mariage with -him that was so manifest an offendor. This was a pestilent kind of proceeding against -that nobleman then being in a forren countrie, hauing béene so honorablie receiued as he -was at his entrance into France, and vpon view and good liking of his behauiour there, -so forward in mariage with a ladie of noble linage. So sharpe, so seuere, & so heinous -an accusation, brought to a strange king from a naturall prince, against his subiect, -after punishment inflicted (for he was banished) was inough to haue made the French -king his fatall fo, & vpon suspicion of assaieng the like trecherie against him, to haue -throwne him out of the limits of his land. But what will enuie leaue vnattempted, where -it is once setled? And how are the malicious tormented with egernes of reuenge against -them whom they maligne, wringing themselues in the meane time with inward pangs -gnawing them at the hart? wherevnto serueth the poets -allusion,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Inuidia Siculi non inuenêre tyranni</p> -<p class="pverse">Maius tormentum.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<div class="fsize4">1399.</div></div> - -<p>On Newyeares day this yeare, the riuer that passeth betwixt Suelleston or Snelston, and -Harewood, two villages not far from Bedford, sudenlie ceassed his course, so as the -chanell remained drie by the space of thrée miles, that any man might enter into, and -passe the same drie foot at his pleasure. This diuision, which the water made in that -place, the one part séeming as it were not to come néere to the other, was iudged to -signifie the reuolting of the subiects of this land from their naturall prince. It may be, -that the water of that riuer sanke into the ground, and by some secret passage or chanell -tooke course till it came to the place where it might rise againe as in other places is likewise -séene.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Fabian.</i></p> - -<p>Blanke charters.</p></div> - -<p>Ye haue heard before, how the archbishop of Canturburie Thomas Arundell, was banisht -the relme, and Roger Walden was made archbishop of that sée, who was a great -fauourer of the citie of London, the which was eftsoones about this season fallen into the -kings displeasure: but by the diligent labour of this archbishop, and of Robert Braibrooke -then bishop of London, vpon the humble supplication of the citizens, the kings wrath was -pacified. But yet to content the kings mind, manie blanke charters were deuised, and -brought into the citie, which manie of the substantiall and wealthie -citizens were faine to <span class="xxpn" id="p849">|849|</span> -seale, to their great charge, as in the end appeared. And the like charters were sent -abroad into all shires within the realme, whereby great grudge and murmuring arose -among the people: for when they were so sealed, the kings officers wrote in the same -what liked them, as well for charging the parties with paiment of monie, as otherwise.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The death of the duke of Lancaster.</p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i></p></div> - -<p>In this meane time, the duke of Lancaster departed out of this life at the bishop of -Elies place in Holborne, and lieth buried in the cathedrall church of saint Paule in London, -on the northside of the high altar, by the ladie Blanch his first wife. The death of -this duke gaue occasion of increasing more hatred in the people of this realme toward the -king, for he seized into his hands all the goods that belonged to him, and also receiued -all the rents and reuenues of his lands which ought to haue descended vnto the duke of -Hereford by lawfull inheritance, in reuoking his letters patents, which he had granted to -him before, by vertue wherof he might make his attorneis generall to sue liuerie for him, -of any maner of inheritances or possessions that might from thencefoorth fall vnto him, -and that his homage might be respited, with making reasonable fine: whereby it was euident, -that the king meant his vtter vndooing.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>This hard dealing was much misliked of all the nobilitie, and cried out against of the -meaner sort: but namelie the duke of Yorke was therewith sore mooued, who before this -time, had borne things with so patient a mind as he could, though the same touched him -verie néere, as the death of his brother the duke of Glocester, the banishment of his -nephew the said duke of Hereford, and other mo iniuries in great number, which for the -slipperie youth of the king, he passed ouer for the time, and did forget aswell as he might. -But now perceiuing that neither law, iustice nor equitie could take place, where the kings -wilfull will was bent vpon any wrongfull purpose, he considered that the glorie of the -publike wealth of his countrie must néeds decaie, by reason of the king his lacke of wit, -and want of such as would (without flatterie) admonish him of his dutie; and therefore -he thought it the part of a wise man to get him in time to a resting place and to leaue -the following of such an vnaduised capteine, as with a leden sword would cut his owne -throat.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Yorke misliketh the court & goeth home.</p> - -<p>The realme let to farme by the king.</p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsi.</i></p></div> - -<p>Herevpon he with the duke of Aumarle his sonne went to his house at Langlie, reioising -that nothing had mishappened in the common-wealth through his deuise or consent. -The common brute ran, that the king had set to farme the realme of England, -vnto sir William Scroope earle of Wiltshire, and then treasuror of England, to sir Iohn -Bushie, sir Iohn Bagot, and sir Henrie Gréene knights.  <span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> the same time, the -earle of Arundels sonne, named Thomas, which was kept in the duke of Exeters house, -escaped out of the realme, by meanes of one William Scot mercer, and went to his vncle -Thomas Arundell late archbishop of Canturburie, as then soiourning at Cullen.  <span class="nowrap">¶ King</span> -Richard being destitute of treasure to furnish such a princelie port as he mainteined, -borrowed great summes of monie of manie of the great lords and peeres of his realme, -both spirituall and temporall, and likewise of other meane persons, promising them in -good earnest, by deliuering to them his letters patents for assurance, that he would -repaie the monie so borrowed at a daie appointed: which notwithstanding he neuer -paid.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>New exactions.</p> - -<p>The paiment of these fines was called a plesanse as it were -to please the K. withall, but <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> same displeased manie that were thus -constreined to paie against their willes.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The people confirme the oth of allegiance by writing sealed.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, this yeare he caused seuenteene shires of the realme by waie of putting -them to their fines to paie no small summes of monie, for redéeming their offenses, that -they had aided the duke of Glocester, the earles of Arundell, and Warwike, when they -rose in armor against him. The nobles, gentlemen, and commons of those shires were -inforced also to receiue a new oth to assure the king of their fidelitie in time to come; -and withall certeine prelats and other honorable personages, were sent into the same -shires to persuade men to this paiment, and to sée things ordered at the pleasure of the -prince: and suerlie the fines which the nobles, and other the meaner estates of those -shires were constreined to paie, were not small, but excéeding -great, to the offense of <span class="xxpn" id="p850">|850|</span> -manie. Moreouer, the kings letters patents were sent into euerie shire within this land, -by vertue whereof, an oth was demanded of all the kings liege people for a further assurance -of their due obedience, and they were constreined to ratifie the same in writing vnder -their hands and seales.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Indirect dealings.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer they were compelled to put their hands and seales to certeine blankes, wherof -ye haue heard before, in the which, when it pleased him he might write what he thought -good. There was also a new oth deuised for the shiriffes of euerie countie through the -realme to receiue: finallie, manie of the kings liege people were through spite, enuie, -and malice, accused, apprehended, & put in prison, and after brought before the constable -and marshall of England, in the court of chiualrie, and might not otherwise be -deliuered, except they could iustifie themselues by combat and fighting in lists against -their accusers hand to hand, although the accusers for the most part were lustie, yoong -and valiant, where the parties accused were perchance old, impotent, maimed and -sicklie. Wherevpon not onelie the great destruction of the realme in generall, but also -of euerie singular person in particular, was to be feared and looked for.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Thom. Wals.</i> pag. 395.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ About</span> -this time the bishop of Calcedon came into England, with letters apostolicall -of admonition, that the faithfull and loiall of the land should of their goods disbursse -somewhat to the emperour of Constantinople, who was extremelie vexed and troubled by -the Tartars, and their capteine called Morect. And to the intent that the peeres of the -land might be made the more willing and toward to bestow their contribution in this -behalfe, the pope granted vnto all benefactors (trulie contrite and confessed) full remission, -and wrapped in his bitter censures all such as hindered those that were willing to bestow -their beneuolence in this case; considering, that although the emperour was a schismatike, -yet was he a christian, and if by the infidels he should be oppressed, all christendome -was in danger of ruine; hauing in his mind that saieng of the poet full fit for his -purpose,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Tunc tua res agitur paries cùm proximus ardet.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Thom. Wals.</i> pag. 395.</p> - -<p><i>Polydor.</i></p> - -<p>A iusts at Windesor.</p> - -<p>The king saileth ouer into Ireland with a great armie. <i>Fabian.</i></p> - -<p><i>Caxton.</i></p> - -<p>The duke of Yorke lieutenant generall of England, the king -being in Ireland. <i>Hen. Marl.</i></p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> -this yeare in a manner throughout all the realme of England, old baie trées -withered, and afterwards, contrarie to all mens thinking, grew gréene againe, a strange -sight, and supposed to import some vnknowne euent.  <span class="nowrap">¶ In</span> this meane time the king -being aduertised that the wild Irish dailie wasted and destroied the townes and villages -within the English pale, and had slaine manie of the souldiers which laie there in garison -for defense of that countrie, determined to make eftsoones a voiage thither, & prepared -all things necessarie for his passage now against the spring. A little before his setting -foorth, he caused a iusts to be holden at Windesor of fourtie knights and fortie esquiers, -against all commers, & they to be apparelled in gréene, with a white falcon, and the -queene to be there well accompanied with ladies and damsels. When these iusts were -finished, the king departed toward Bristow, from thence to passe into Ireland, leauing -the queene with hir traine still at Windesor: he appointed for his lieutenant generall in -his absence his vncle the duke of Yorke: and so in the moneth of Aprill, as diuerse -authors write, he set forward from Windesor, and finallie tooke shipping at Milford, -and from thence with two hundred ships, and a puissant power of men of armes and archers -he sailed into Ireland. The fridaie next after his arriuall, there were slaine two -hundred Irishmen at Fourd in Kenlis within the countie of Kildare, by that valiant gentleman -Ienico Dartois, and such Englishmen as he had there with him: and on the -morrow next insuing the citizens of Dublin inuaded the countrie of Obrin, and slue thirtie -and thrée Irishmen.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Out of a French pamphlet that belongeth to master <i>Iohn -Dee</i>.</p> - -<p>Macmur.</p></div> - -<p>The king also after he had remained about seuen daies at Waterford, marched from -thence towards Kilkennie, and comming thither, staied thereabout fourteene daies, looking -for the duke of Aumarle that was appointed to haue met him, but he failed and came -not, where vpon the king on Midsummer euen set forward againe, marching streight towards -the countrie of Macmur the principall rebell in that season -within Ireland, who <span class="xxpn" id="p851">|851|</span> -kéeping himselfe among woods with three thousand right hardie men, seemed to passe -little for any power that might be brought against him. Yet the king approching to the -skirts of the woods, commanded his soldiers to fier the houses and villages: which was -executed with great forwardnesse of the men of war. And here for some valiant act that -he did, or some other fauourable respect, which the king bare to the lord Henrie sonne -to the duke of Hereford, he made him knight.  <span class="nowrap">¶ This</span> Henrie was after king of England, -succeeding his father, and called by the name of Henrie the fift. There were nine -or ten others made knights also at the same time.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Pioners set a worke to cut downe woods.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, there were two thousand & fiue hundred pioners set a worke to cut downe -the woods, and to make passages through, and so then the Englishmen entred, and by -force got through: for the Irishmen sore feared the English bowes, but yet now and then -they espieng their aduantage, assailed oftentimes Englishmen with their darts, and slue -diuerse that went abroad to fetch in forrage. The vncle of Macmur hauing a withie or -with about his necke, came in and submitted himselfe, and likewise manie other naked -and bare legged; so that the king seeming to pitie their miserable state, pardoned them, -and afterward he also sent vnto Macmur, promising that if he would come in and require -pardon as his vncle had doone, he would receiue him to mercie: but Macmur vnderstanding -that for want of vittels, the king must néeds retire within a short time, he refused -the kings offer. The king with his armie remaining in those parts eleuen daies, was in -the end constreined to come backe, when all their vittels were spent: for more than they -brought with them they could not get. They lost manie horsses in this iournie for want -of prouision and forrage.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Macmur sendeth to the K. offering a parlee.</p> - -<p>The earle of Glocester.</p></div> - -<p>As the king was withdrawne towards Dublin, marching through the countrie, in despite -of his enimies, that houered still about his armie, Macmur sent to the king, offering -to talke of an agreement, if it should please him to send any noble man to méet him -at a place appointed. The king herevpon commanded the earle of Glocester to take with -him two hundred lances, and a thousand archers, and to go to trie if he might by persuasion -cause him to come in and submit himselfe. The earle went, and comming to -talke with him, found him so obstinate, that their parlée streightwaies brake off: so taking -leaue each of other, they departed, and the earle returned to the king, to aduertise him -what he had doone and perceiued by the communication which he had had with Macmur.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<h2 class="nobreak">An. Reg. 23.</h2> - -<p>He came to Dublin the 28 of Iune as <i>Henrie Marl.</i> saith.</p></div> - -<p>The king was sore offended with the obstinatnes of the rebell, that would not agree -otherwise: but so as he might remaine still at libertie, without danger to suffer anie -maner of punishment for his passed offenses. Wherevpon the king after his comming to -Dublin, and that the armie had rested there, and in the countrie neere to the citie, for the -space of fiftéene daies, he diuided his people into three parts, and sent them abroad into -the countrie to pursue the enimies and withall made proclamation, that who so euer could -bring Macmur vnto his presence, should haue for his recompense a great reward: for -he determined not to depart the countrie, till he had him either dead or aliue. But he -knew full little then what incidents to hinder his purposed intention would after follow.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Aumarle.</p> -<p><i>In Angl. prælije sub Rich. 2.</i></p></div> - -<p>The same daie that he sent abroad his armie thus into three seuerall parts, the duke -of Aumarle with an hundred saile arriued, of whose coming the king was right ioifull; -and although he had vsed no small negligence in that he came no sooner according to -order before appointed, yet the king (as he was of a gentle nature) courteouslie accepted -his excuse: whether he was in fault or not, I haue not to saie; but verelie he was greatlie -suspected, that he dealt not well in tarieng so long after his time assigned. But now -whilest the king rested at Dublin, his people so demeaned themselues, that the most part -of the rebels, what by manhood and policie were subdued, and brought vnder subiection, -and (as is to be thought) if no trouble had risen in England to haue called him backe, he -meant to haue rid vp the woods, and made some notable conquest at that time vpon the -rebels that yet held out. Neuerthelesse, during the time of his abode there, such was -the prowesse of him and his, that the Irish were well tamed, and -forced to submit <span class="xxpn" id="p852">|852|</span> -themselues: and yet the kings power made no great slaughter of them, if it be true that -Christ. Okl. saith, speaking hereof in few words as after -followeth:<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Pergit ad indomitos princeps Richardus Hibernos,</p> -<p class="pverse">Inq; potestatem multo sine sanguine, sæuo</p> -<p class="pverse">Marte reluctantes.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster solicited to expel king Richard, and -to take vpon him the regiment.</p></div> - -<p>Now whilest he was thus occupied in deuising how to reduce them into subiection, -and taking orders for the good staie and quiet gouernment of the countrie, diuerse of the -nobilitie, aswell prelats as other, and likewise manie of the magistrats and rulers of the -cities, townes, and communaltie, here in England, perceiuing dailie how the realme -drew to vtter ruine, not like to be recouered to the former state of wealth, whilest king -Richard liued and reigned (as they tooke it) deuised with great deliberation, and considerate -aduise, to send and signifie by letters vnto duke Henrie, whome they now called -(as he was in déed) duke of Lancaster and Hereford, requiring him with all conuenient -spéed to conueie himselfe into England, promising him all their aid, power and assistance, -if he expelling K. Richard, as a man not meet for the office he bare, would take vpon -him the scepter, rule, and diademe of his natiue land and region.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Britaine a great friend to the duke of -Lancaster.</p> - -<p>The duke of Lancaster & his adherents saile into England. -Additions to <i>Polychron.</i></p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p><i>Chron. Brit.</i></p> - -<p><i>Froissard.</i></p> - -<p><i>Tho. Walsing.</i></p></div> - -<p>He therefore being thus called vpon by messengers and letters from his fréends, and -chéeflie through the earnest persuasion of Thomas Arundell, late archbishop of Canturburie, -who (as before yée haue heard) had béene remooued from his sée, and banished -the realme by king Richards means, got him downe to Britaine, togither with the said -archbishop, where he was ioifullie receiued of the duke and duchesse, and found such -fréendship at the dukes hands, that there were certeine ships rigged, and made readie -for him, at a place in base Britaine, called Le port blanc, as we find in the chronicles of -Britaine: and when all his prouision was made readie, he tooke the sea, togither with the -said archbishop of Canturburie, and his nephue Thomas Arundell, sonne and heire to the -late earle of Arundell, beheaded at the Tower hill, as you haue heard. There were also -with him, Reginald lord Cobham, sir Thomas Erpingham, and sir Thomas Ramston -knights, Iohn Norburie, Robert Waterton, & Francis Coint esquires: few else were there, -for (as some write) he had not past fifteene lances, as they tearmed them in those daies, -that is to saie, men of armes, furnished and appointed as the vse then was.  <span class="nowrap">¶ Yet</span> other -write, that the duke of Britaine deliuered vnto him three thousand men of warre, to attend -him, and that he had eight ships well furnished for the warre, where Froissard yet speaketh -but of three. Moreouer, where Froissard and also the chronicles of Britaine auouch, -that he should land at Plimmouth, by our English writers it séemeth otherwise: for it appeareth -by their assured report, that he approching to the shore, did not streight take -land, but lay houering aloofe, and shewed himselfe now in this place, and now in that, to -sée what countenance was made by the people, whether they meant enuiouslie to resist -him, or fréendlie to receiue him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The commōs denie to resist the duke of Lancaster.</p></div> - -<p>When the lord gouernor Edmund duke of Yorke was aduertised, that the duke of Lancaster -kept still the sea, and was readie to arriue (but where he ment first to set foot on -land, there was not any that vnderstood the certeintie) he sent for the lord chancellor Edmund -Stafford bishop of Excester, and for the lord treasuror William Scroope earle of -Wiltshire, and other of the kings priuie councell, as Iohn Bushie, William Bagot, Henrie -Greene, and Iohn Russell knights: of these he required to knew what they thought good -to be doone in this matter, concerning the duke of Lancaster, being on the seas. Their -aduise was, to depart from London, vnto S. Albons, and there to gather an armie to -resist the duke in his landing, but to how small purpose their counsell serued, the conclusion -thereof plainlie declared, for the most part that were called, when they came -thither, boldlie protested, that they would not fight against the duke of Lancaster, whome -they knew to be euill dealt withall.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster lādeth in Yorkshire.</p> - -<p>Additions to <i>Polychron.</i></p></div> - -<p>The lord treasuror, Bushie, Bagot, and Gréene, perceiuing that the commons would -cleaue vnto, and take part with the duke, slipped awaie, leauing -the lord gouernour of <span class="xxpn" id="p853">|853|</span> -the realme, and the lord chancellor to make what shift they could for themselues: Bagot -got him to Chester, and so escaped into Ireland; the other fled to the castell of Bristow, -in hope there to be in safetie. The duke of Lancaster, after that he had coasted alongst -the shore a certeine time, & had got some intelligence how the peoples minds were affected -towards him, landed about the beginning of Iulie in Yorkshire, at a place sometime called -Rauenspur, betwixt Hull and Bridlington, and with him not past thréescore persons, as -some write: but he was so ioifullie receiued of the lords, knights, and gentlemen of those -parts, that he found means (by their helpe) foorthwith to assemble a great number of -people, that were willing to take his part. The first that came to him, were the lords of -Lincolneshire, and other countries adioining, as the lords Willoughbie, Ros, Darcie, and -Beaumont.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lācasters oth to the lords that aided him.</p></div> - -<p>At his comming vnto Doncaster, the earle of Northumberland, and his sonne sir Henrie -Persie, wardens of the marches against Scotland, with the earle of Westmerland, came -vnto him, where he sware vnto those lords, that he would demand no more, but the lands -that were to him descended by inheritance from his father, and in right of his wife. Moreouer, -he vndertooke to cause the paiment of taxes and tallages to be laid downe, & to -bring the king to good gouernment, & to remooue from him the Cheshire men, which -were enuied of manie; for that the king estéemed of them more than of anie other; -happilie, bicause they were more faithfull to him than other, readie in all respects to obeie -his commandements and pleasure. From Doncaster hauing now got a mightie armie -about him, he marched foorth with all spéed through the countries, coming by Euesham -vnto Berkelie: within the space of thrée daies, all the kings castels in those parts were -surrendred vnto him.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The harts of the commons wholie bent to the duke of -Lancaster.</p></div> - -<p>The duke of Yorke, whome king Richard had left as gouernour of the realme in his -absence, hearing that his nephue the duke of Lancaster was thus arriued, and had gathered -an armie, he also assembled a puissant power of men of armes and archers (as -before yée haue heard) but all was in vaine, for there was not a man that willinglie would -thrust out one arrow against the duke of Lancaster, or his partakers, or in anie wise offend -him or his fréends. The duke of Yorke therefore passing foorth towards Wales to méet -the king, at his comming foorth of Ireland, was receiued into the castell of Berkelie, and -there remained, till the comming thither of the duke of Lancaster (whom when he perceiued -that he was not able to resist) on the sundaie, after the feast of saint Iames, which -as that yeare came about, fell vpon the fridaie, he came foorth into the church that stood -without the castell, and there communed with the duke of Lancaster. With the duke of -Yorke were the bishops of Norwich, the lord Berkelie, the lord Seimour, and other: -with the duke of Lancaster were these, Thomas Arundell archbishop of Canturburie that -had béene banished, the abbat of Leicester, the earles of Northumberland and Westmerland, -Thomas Arundell sonne to Richard late earle of Arundell, the baron of Greistoke, -the lords Willoughbie and Ros, with diuerse other lords, knights, and other -people, which dailie came to him from euerie part of the realme: those that came not, -were spoiled of all they had, so as they were neuer able to recouer themselues againe, -for their goods being then taken awaie, were neuer restored. And thus what for loue, -and what for feare of losse, they came flocking vnto him from euerie part.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster marcheth to Bristow.</p> -<p>Scroope lord treasuror.</p> -<p>Bushie and Gréene executed.</p></div> - -<p>At the same present there was arrested, and -committed to safe custodie, the bishop of -Norwich, sir William Elmam, and sir Walter Burlie, knights, Laurence Drew, and -Iohn Golofer esquiers. On the morow after, the forsaid dukes with their power, went -towards Bristow, where (at their comming) they shewed themselues before the towne & -castell, being an huge multitude of people. There were inclosed within the castell, the -lord William Scroope earle of Wiltshire and treasuror of England, sir Henrie Greene, -and sir Iohn Bushie knights, who prepared to make resistance: but when it would not -preuaile, they were taken and brought foorth bound as prisoners into the campe, before -the duke of Lancaster. On the morow next insuing, they were arraigned -before the <span class="xxpn" id="p854">|854|</span> -constable and marshall, and found giltie of treason, for misgouerning the king and realme, -and foorthwith had their heads smit off. Sir Iohn Russell was also taken there, who -feining himselfe to be out of his wits, escaped their hands for a -time.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A politike madnesse.</p> -<p>Out of master <i>Dees</i> French booke.</p></div> - -<p>In this meane time, king Richard aduertised, how the duke of Lancaster was landed in -England, and that the lords, gentlemen, and commons assembled themselues to take his -part, he forthwith caused the lord Henrie, sonne to the said duke of Lancaster, and the -lord Humfrie, sonne to the duke of Glocester, to be shut vp fast in the castell of Trimme, -and with all spéed made hast to returne into England, in hope with an armie to incounter -the duke, before he should haue time to assemble his fréends togither. But here you shall -note, that it fortuned at the same time, in which the duke of Hereford or Lancaster, whether -ye list to call him, arriued thus in England, the seas were so troubled by tempests, and -the winds blew so contrarie for anie passage, to come ouer foorth of England to the king, -remaining still in Ireland, that for the space of six wéeks, he receiued no -aduertisements -from thence: yet at length, when the seas became calme, and the wind once turned anie -thing fauourable, there came ouer a ship, whereby the king vnderstood the manner of the -dukes arriuall, and all his procéedings till that daie, in which the ship departed from the -coast of England, wherevpon he meant foorthwith to haue returned ouer into England, to -make resistance against the duke: but through persuasion of the duke of Aumarle (as was -thought) he staied, till he might haue all his ships, and other prouision, fullie readie for -his passage.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>In the meane time, he sent the earle of Salisburie ouer into England, to gather a power -togither, by helpe of the kings freends in Wales, and Cheshire, with all spéed possible, -that they might be readie to assist him against the duke, vpon his arriuall, for he meant -himselfe to follow the earle, within six daies after. The earle passing ouer into Wales, -landed at Conwaie, and sent foorth letters to the kings freends, both in Wales and Cheshire, -to leauie their people, & to come with all spéed to assist the K. whose request, -with great desire, & very willing minds they fulfilled, hoping to haue found the king himselfe -at Conwaie, insomuch that within foure daies space, there were to the number of fortie -thousand men assembled, readie to march with the king against his enimies, if he had béene -there himselfe in person.</p> - -<p>But when they missed the king, there was a brute spred amongst them, that the king -was suerlie dead, which wrought such an impression, and euill disposition in the minds of -the Welshmen and others, that for anie persuasion which the earle of Salisburie might vse, -they would not go foorth with him, till they saw the king: onelie they were contented to -staie fouretéene daies to sée if he should come or not; but when he came not within that -tearme, they would no longer abide, but scaled & departed awaie; wheras if the king had -come before their breaking vp, no doubt, but they would haue put the duke of Hereford in -aduenture of a field: so that the kings lingering of time before his comming ouer, gaue -opportunitie to the duke to bring things to passe as he could haue wished, and tooke -from the king all occasion to recouer afterwards anie forces sufficient to resist him.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>K. Richard returneth out of Ireland and landeth in Wales. -<i>Thom. Wals.</i></p></div> - -<p>At length, about eighteene daies after that the king had sent from him the earle of Salisburie, -he tooke the sea, togither with the dukes of Aumarle, Excester, Surrie, and diuerse -others of the nobilitie, with the bishops of London, Lincolne, and Carleill. They landed -néere the castell of Barclowlie in Wales, about the feast of saint Iames the apostle, and -staied a while in the same castell, being aduertised of the great forces which the duke of -Lancaster had got togither against him, wherewith he was maruellouslie amazed, knowing -certeinelie that those which were thus in armes with the duke of Lancaster against him, -would rather die than giue place, as well for the hatred as feare which they had conceiued -at him. Neuerthelesse he departing from Barclowlie, hasted with all speed towards Conwaie, -where he vnderstood the earle of Salisburie to be still remaining.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Additions to <i>Polychron.</i></p> - -<p>K. Richard in vtter despaire.</p></div> - -<p>He therefore taking with him such Cheshire men as he had with him at that present (in -whom all his trust was reposed) he doubted not to reuenge himselfe -of his aduersaries, & <span class="xxpn" id="p855">|855|</span> -so at the first he passed with a good courage: but when he vnderstood as he went thus -forward, that all the castels, euen from the borders of Scotland vnto Bristow were deliuered -vnto the duke of Lancaster, and that likewise the nobles and commons, as well of -the south parts, as the north, were fullie bent to take part with the same duke against him; -and further, hearing how his trustie councellors had lost their heads at Bristow, he became -so greatlie discomforted, that sorowfullie lamenting his miserable state, he vtterlie despaired -of his owne safetie, and calling his armie togither, which was not small, licenced -euerie man to depart to his home.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>K. Richard stealeth awaie from his armie, and taketh the castell of Flint.</p></div> - -<p>The souldiers being well bent to fight in his defense, besought him to be of good chéere, -promising with an oth to stand with him against the duke, and all his partakers vnto -death: but this could not incourage him at all, so that in the night next insuing, he stole -from his armie, and with the dukes of Excester and Surrie, the bishop of Carleill, and sir -Stephan Scroope, and about halfe a score others, he got him to the castell of Conwaie, -where he found the earle of Salisburie, determining there to hold himselfe, till he might sée -the world at some better staie; for what counsell to take to remedie the mischéefe thus -pressing vpon him he wist not. On the one part he knew his title iust, true, and infallible; -and his conscience cleane, pure and without spot of enuie or malice: he had also no -small affiance in the Welshmen, and Cheshire men. On the other side, he saw the puissance -of his aduersaries, the sudden departing of them whom he most trusted, and all things -turned vpside downe: he euidentlie saw, and manifestlie perceiued, that he was forsaken -of them, by whom in time he might haue béene aided and relieued, where now it was too -late, and too farre ouer passed.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A speciall note woorthie to be well weied.</p> -<p><i>Hor. lib. car. 3. ode. 1.</i></p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ This</span> -suerlie is a verie notable example, and not vnwoorthie of all princes to be well -weied, and diligentlie marked, that this Henrie duke of Lancaster should be thus called -to the kingdome, and haue the helpe and assistance (almost) of all the whole realme, which -perchance neuer thereof thought or yet dreamed; and that king Richard should thus be -left desolate, void, and in despaire of all hope and comfort, in whom if there were anie -offense, it ought rather to be imputed to the frailtie of wanton youth, than to the malice of -his hart: but such is the deceiuable iudgement of man, which not regarding things present -with due consideration, thinketh euer that things to come shall haue good successe, -with a pleasant & delitefull end. But in this deiecting of the one, & aduancing of the -other, the prouidence of God is to be respected, & his secret will to be woondered at. For -as in his hands standeth the donation of kingdoms, so likewise the disposing of them consisteth -in his pleasure, which the verie pagans vnderstood right well; otherwise, one of -them would neuer haue said,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Regum timendorum in proprios greges,</p> -<p class="pverse">Reges in ipsos imperium est Iouis</p> -<p class="pverseb">Cuncta supercilio mouentis.</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Worcester leaueth the K. and fléeth to the duke.</p> -<p>Where fortune fauoureth, thither the peoples fauour fléeth.</p></div> - -<p>Sir Thomas Persie earle of Worcester, lord steward of the kings house, either being so -commanded by the king, or else vpon displeasure (as some write) for that the king had -proclaimed his brother the earle of Northumberland traitor, brake his white staffe, which -is the representing signe and token of his office, and without delaie went to duke Henrie. -When the kings seruants of houshold saw this (for it was doone before them all) they dispersed -themselues, some into one countrie, and some into an other. When the duke of -Lancaster vnderstood that king Richard was returned foorth of Ireland, he left the duke -of Yorke still at Bristow, and came backe with his power vnto Berkleie; the second daie -he came to Glocester, and so to Roos, after to Hereford, where came to him the bishop of -Hereford, and sir Edmund Mortimer knight. On the sundaie following, he went to Limster, -and there the lord Charleton came to him. From thence he went to Ludlow, and the -next daie to Shrewsburie, where he rested one daie, and thither came to him sir Robert -Leigh, and sir Iohn Leigh, and manie other being sent from Chester, -to treat with the duke <span class="xxpn" id="p856">|856|</span> -of Lancaster, for the citie and countie of Chester, that were now readie to submit themselues -vnto him in all things.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The duke of Lancaster comming to Chester.</p></div> - -<p>There came hither vnto him the lord Scales, and the lord Berdolfe, foorth of Ireland, -hauing béene spoiled of all they had about them in Wales, as they came through the countrie. -From Shrewsburie, he kept on his iournie towards Chester, and lodging one night -by the waie, in a towne there in the borders of Wales, he came the second night to Chester, -and staied there certeine daies togither, making a iollie muster of his armie there in -sight of the citie. The clergie met, & receiued him with procession: he sent foorthwith -for his sonne & heire, & likewise for the duke of Glocesters sonne & heire, that were as -yet remaining in Ireland, commanding them with all spéed to returne home into England. -But the duke of Glocesters sonne, through mischance perished, as he was on the seas to -come ouer, for whose losse his mother tooke such greefe, that shortlie after through immoderate -sorow she likewise passed out of this transitorie life.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Pérkin a Lee.</p></div> - -<p>In this meane time, king Richard being in the castell of Conwaie sore discomfited, and -fearing lest he could not remaine there long in safetie, vpon knowledge had by his trustie -fréends Iohn Paulet, and Richard Seimour, of the dealings and approch of his aduersaries, -sent the duke of Excester to talke with the duke of Lancaster, who in this meane while -had caused one of king Richards faithfull and trustie freends, sir Piers a Leigh, commonlie -called Perkin a Lée, to lose his head, & commanded the same to be set vp, vpon one of -the highest turrets about all the citie; and so that true and faithfull gentleman, for his -stedfast faith, and assured loialtie to his louing souereigne, thus lost his life. There -came to him about the same time, or somewhat before, the dukes of Aumarle and -Surrie, the lord Louell, and sir Iohn Stanleie, beséeching him to receiue him into his -fauour.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Out of master <i>Dees</i> booke.</p> - -<p>Holt castell deliuered to the duke. Some write that the -archbishop of Cāturburie and the earle of Westmerland wēt also with the -earle of Northumberland to Conwaie.</p></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ By</span> -some writers it should seeme, not onelie the duke of Excester, but also the duke -of Surrie were sent vnto duke Henrie from king Richard, and that duke Henrie staied them -both, and would not suffer them to returne to the king againe, kéeping the duke of Excester -still about him, and committing the duke of Surrie to prison, within the castell of -Chester. The king herewith went to Beaumaris, & after to Carnaruan: but finding no -prouision either of vittels or other things in those castels, no not so much as a bed to lie -in, he came backe againe to Conwaie, and in the meane time was the castell of Holt deliuered -to the duke of Hereford, by those that had it in kéeping wherein was great store of -iewels, to the value of two hundred thousand marks, besides an hundred thousand marks -in readie coine. After this, the duke, with aduise of his councell, sent the earle of Northumberland -vnto the king, accompanied with foure hundred lances, & a thousand archers, -who comming to the castell of Flint, had it deliuered vnto him; and from thence he hasted -foorth towards Conwaie. But before he approched néere the place, he left his power -behind him, hid closelie in two ambushes, behind a craggie mounteine, beside the high -waie that leadeth from Flint to Conwaie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The earle of Northumberlands message to the king.</p> - -<p>The king leaueth Conwaie castell, and betaketh himselfe to his enimies.</p></div> - -<p>This doone, taking not past foure or fiue with him, he passed foorth, till he came before -the towne, and then sending an herald to the king, requested a safe conduct from the king, -that he might come and talke with him, which the king granted, and so the earle of Northumberland -passing the water, entred the castell, and comming to the king, declared to -him, that if it might please his grace to vndertake, that there should be a parlement assembled, -in the which iustice might be had, against such as were enimies to the commonwealth, -and had procured the destruction of the duke of Glocester, and other noblemen, -and herewith pardon the duke of Hereford of all things wherin he had offended him, the -duke would be readie to come to him on his knées, to craue of him forgiuenesse, and as an -humble subiect, to obeie him in all dutifull seruices. The king taking aduise vpon these -offers, and other made by the earle of Northumberland on the behalfe of the duke of -Hereford; vpon the earles oth, for assurance that the same should be performed in ech -condition, agréed to go with the earle to méete the duke, and -herevpon taking their <span class="xxpn" id="p857">|857|</span> -horsses, they rode foorth, but the earle rode before, as it were, to prepare dinner for -the king at Rutland, but comming to the place where he had left his people, he staied -there with them.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A constant seruant.</p></div> - -<p>The king kéeping on his waie, had not ridden past foure miles, when he came to the -place where the ambushes were lodged, and being entred within danger of them, before -he was aware, shewed himselfe to be sore abashed. But now there was no remedie: for -the earle being there with his men, would not suffer him to returne, as he gladlie would -haue doone if he might; but being inclosed with the sea on the one side, and the rocks -on the other, hauing his aduersaries so néere at hand before him, he could not shift awaie -by any meanes, for if he should haue fled backe, they might easilie haue ouertaken him, -yer he could haue got out of their danger. And thus of force he was then constrained to -go with the earle, who brought him to Rutland, where they dined, and from thence they -rode vnto Flint to bed. The king had verie few about him of his freends, except onelie -the earle of Salisburie, the bishop of Carleill, the lord Stephan Scroope, sir Nicholas -Ferebie, a sonne also of the countesse of Salisburie, and Ienico Dartois a Gascoigne -that still ware the cognisance or deuise of his maister king Richard, that is to saie, a white -hart, and would not put it from him, neither for persuasions nor threats; by reason -whereof, when the duke of Hereford vnderstood it, he caused him to be committed to -prison within the castell of Chester. This man was the last (as saieth mine author) which -ware that deuise, and shewed well thereby his constant hart toward his maister, for the -which it was thought he should haue lost his life, but yet he was pardoned, and at length -reconciled to the dukes fauour, after he was king.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>But now to our purpose. King Richard being thus come vnto the castell of Flint, on -the mondaie, the eightéenth of August, and the duke of Hereford being still aduertised -from houre to houre by posts, how the earle of Northumberland sped, the morow following -being tuesdaie, and the ninetéenth of August, he came thither, & mustered his -armie before the kings presence, which vndoubtedlie made a passing faire shew, being -verie well ordered by the lord Henrie Persie, that was appointed generall, or rather (as -we maie call him) master of the campe, vnder the duke, of the whole armie. There -were come alreadie to the castell, before the approching of the maine armie, the archbishop -of Canturburie, the duke of Aumarle, the earle of Worcester, and diuerse -other. The archbishop entred first, and then followed the other, comming into the first -ward.</p> - -<p>The king that was walking aloft on the braies of the wals, to behold the comming of -the duke a farre off, might sée, that the archbishop and the other were come, and (as he -tooke it) to talke with him: wherevpon he foorthwith came downe vnto them, and beholding -that they did their due reuerence to him on their knées, he tooke them vp, and -drawing the archbishop aside from the residue, talked with him a good while, and as it -was reported, the archbishop willed him to be of good comfort, for he should be assured, -not to haue anie hurt, as touching his person; but he prophesied not as a prelat, but as a -Pilat. For, was it no hurt (thinke you) to his person, to be spoiled of his roialtie, to be -deposed from his crowne, to be translated from principalitie to prison, & to fall from -honor into horror. All which befell him to his extreame hart greefe (no doubt:) which -to increase, meanes alas there were manie; but to diminish, helps (God wot) but a few. -So that he might haue said with the forlorne man in the mercilesse seas of his -miseries,</p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Vt fera nimboso tumüerunt æquora vento,</p> -<p class="pverseb">In medijs lacera naue relinquor aquis.</p> -</div></div> - -<p><span class="nowrap">¶ Some</span> -write (as before in a marginall note I haue quoted) that the archbishop of -Canturburie went with the earle of Northumberland vnto Conwaie, and there talked with -him: and further, that euen then the king offered, in consideration of his insufficiencie to -gouerne, freelie to resigne the crowne, and his kinglie title to the -same, vnto the duke of <span class="xxpn" id="p858">|858|</span> -Hereford. But forsomuch as those that were continuallie attendant about the king, -during the whole time of his abode at Conwaie, and till his comming to Flint, doo -plainelie affirme, that the archbishop came not to him, till this tuesdaie before his remoouing -from Flint vnto Chester, it maie be thought (the circumstances well considered) -that he rather made that promise here at Flint, than at Conwaie, although by the tenour -of an instrument, conteining the declaration of the archbishop of Yorke, and other commissioners -sent from the estates assembled in the next parlement, vnto the said king, it is -recorded to be at Conwaie, as after ye maie read. But there maie be some default in the -copie, as taking the one place for the other.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>But wheresoeuer this offer was made, after that the archbishop had now here at Flint -communed with the king, he departed, and taking his horsse againe, rode backe to meet -the duke, who began at that present to approch the castell, and compassed it round about, -euen downe to the sea, with his people ranged in good and séemelie order, at the foot of -the mounteins: and then the earle of Northumberland passing foorth of the castell to the -duke, talked with him a while in sight of the king, being againe got vp to the walles, to -take better view of the armie, being now aduanced within two bowe shootes of the castell, -to the small reioising (ye may be sure) of the sorowfull king. The earle of Northumberland -returning to the castell, appointed the king to be set to dinner (for he was fasting -till then) and after he had dined, the duke came downe to the castell himselfe, and entred -the same all armed, his bassenet onelie excepted, and being within the first gate, he staied -there, till the king came foorth of the inner part of the castell vnto him.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The dukes behauiour to the king at their méeting.</p> - -<p>The dukes demand.</p></div> - -<p>The king accompanied with the bishop of Carleill, the earle of Salisburie, and sir -Stephan Scroope knight, who bare the sword before him, and a few other, came foorth -into the vtter ward, and sate downe in a place prepared for him. Forthwith as the duke -got sight of the king, he shewed a reuerend dutie as became him, in bowing his knée, -and comming forward, did so likewise the second and third time, till the king tooke him -by the hand, and lift him vp, saieng; “Déere cousine, ye are welcome.” The duke -humblie thanking him said; “My souereigne lord and king, the cause of my comming at -this present, is (your honor saued) to haue againe restitution of my person, my lands -and heritage, through your fauourable licence.” The king hervnto answered; “Déere -cousine, I am readie to accomplish your will, so that you may inioy all that is yours, -without exception.”<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king and the duke iournie togither towards London.</p> - -<p>K. Richard sumptuous in apparell.</p></div> - -<p>Méeting thus togither, they came foorth of the castell, and the king there called for -wine and after they had dronke, they mounted on horssebacke, and rode that night to -Flint, and the next daie vnto Chester, the third vnto Nantwich, the fourth to Newcastell. -Here, with glad countenance, the lord Thomas Beauchampe earle of Warwike met them, -that had beene confined into the Ile of Man, as before ye haue heard; but now was reuoked -home by the duke of Lancaster. From Newcastell they rode to Stafford, and the -sixt daie vnto Lichfield, and there rested sundaie all daie. After this, they rode foorth -and lodged at these places insuing, Couentrie, Dantrée, Northhampton, Dunstable, S. -Albons, & so came to London: neither was the king permitted all this while to change -his apparell, but rode still through all these townes simplie clothed in one sute of raiment, -and yet he was in his time excéeding sumptuous in apparell, in so much as he had one -cote, which he caused to be made for him of gold and stone, valued at 30000 marks: & -so he was brought the next waie to Westminster.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The dukes receiuing into London.</p></div> - -<p>As for the duke, he was receiued with all the ioy and pompe that might be of the Londoners, -and was lodged in the bishops palace, by Paules church. It was a woonder to -sée what great concursse of people, & what number of horsses came to him on the waie -as he thus passed the countries, till his comming to London, where (vpon his approch to -the citie) the maior rode foorth to receiue him, and a great number of other citizens. -Also the cleargie met him with procession, and such ioy appeared in the countenances of -the people, vttering the same also with words, as the like not lightlie -béene séene. For in <span class="xxpn" id="p859">|859|</span> -euerie towne and village where he passed, children reioised, women clapped their hands, -and men cried out for ioy. But to speake of the great numbers of people that flocked -togither in the fields and stréets of London at his comming, I here omit; neither will I -speake of the presents, welcommings, lauds, and gratifications made to him by the citizens -and communaltie.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king cōmitted to the tower.</p></div> - -<p>But now to the purpose. The next day after his comming to London, the king from -Westminster was had to the Tower, and there committed to safe custodie. Manie euil -disposed persons, assembling themselues togither in great numbers, intended to haue met -with him, and to haue taken him from such as had the conueieng of him, that they might -haue slaine him. But the maior and aldermen gathered to them the worshipful commoners -and graue citizens, by whose policie, and not without much adoo, the other were reuoked -from their euill purpose: albeit, before they might be pacified, they cōming to Westminster, -tooke maister Iohn Sclake deane of the kings chappell, and from thence brought -him to Newgate, and there laid him fast in irons.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>A parlement in the kings name.</p></div> - -<p>After this was a parlement called by the duke of Lancaster, vsing the name of king -Richard in the writs directed foorth to the lords, and other states for their summons. -This parlement began the thirtéenth daie of September, in the which manie heinous points -of misgouernance and iniurious dealings in the administration of his kinglie office, were -laid to the charge of this noble prince king Richard, the which (to the end the commons -might be persuaded, that he was an vnprofitable prince to the common-wealth, and -worthie to be deposed) were ingrossed vp in 33 solemne articles, heinous to the eares of -all men, and to some almost incredible, the verie effect of which articles here insue, according -to the copie which I haue séene, and is abridged by maister Hall as followeth.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The articles obiected to king Richard, whereby he was counted worthie to be deposed -from his principalitie.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p>1 FIRST, that king Richard wastfullie spent the treasure of the realme, and had giuen -the possessions of the crowne to men vnworthie, by reason whereof, new charges more and -more were laid on the poore cōmunaltie.   And where diuerse lords, as well spirituall as -temporall, were appointed by the high court of parlement, to commune and treat of diuerse -matters concerning the common-wealth of the realme, which being busie about the -same commission, he with other of his affinitie went about to impeach, and by force and -menacing compelled the iustices of the realme at Shrewesburie to condescend to his opinion, -for the destruction of the said lords, in so much that he began to raise warre against -Iohn duke of Lancaster, Richard earle of Arundell, Thomas earle of Warwike, and other -lords, contrarie to his honor and promise.</p> - -<p>2 Item, that he caused his vncle the duke of Glocester to be arrested without law -and sent him to Calis, and there without iudgement murthered him, and although the -earle of Arundell vpon his arreignment pleaded his charter of pardon, he could not be -heard, but was in most vile and shamefull manner suddenlie put to death.</p> - -<p>3 Item, he assembled certeine Lancashire and Cheshire men, to the intent to make -warre on the same lords, and suffered them to rob and pill, without correction or repréeue.</p> - -<p>4 Item, although the king flateringlie, and with great dissimulation, made proclamation -through out the realme, that the lords before named were not attached of anie crime -of treason, but onlie for extortions and oppressions doone in this realme; yet he laid to -them in the parlement, rebellion and manifest treason.</p> - -<p>5 Item, he hath compelled diuers of the said lords seruants and friends, by menaces -& extreme pains, to make great fines to their vtter vndooing; and notwithstanding his -pardon, yet he made them fine anew. <span class="xxpn" id="p860">|860|</span></p> - -<p>6 Item, where diuerse were appointed to commune of the state of the realme, and the -commonwealth thereof, the same king caused all the rols and records to be kept from -them, contrarie to promise made in the parlement, to his open dishonor.</p> - -<p>7 Item, he vncharitablie commanded, that no man vpon paine of losse of life, and -goods, should once intreat him for the returne of Henrie now duke of Lancaster.</p> - -<p>8 Item, where this realme is holden of God, and not of the pope or other prince, the -said king Richard, after he had obteined diuerse acts of parlement, for his owne peculiar -profit and pleasure, then he obteined bulles and extreame censures from Rome, to compell -all men streightlie to kéepe the same, contrarie to the honour and ancient priuileges of -this realme.</p> - -<p>9 Item, although the duke of Lancaster had doone his deuoire against Thomas duke -of Norfolke in proofe of his quarrell; yet the said king, without reason or ground, banished -him the realme for ten yeers, contrarie to all equitie.</p> - -<p>10 Item, before the dukes departure, he vnder his broad seale licenced him to make -atturnies to prosecute and defend his causes: the said king after his departure, would -suffer none atturnie to appeare for him, but did with his at his pleasure.</p> - -<p>11 Item, the same king put out diuerse shiriffes lawfullie elected, and put in their -roomes diuerse other of his owne, subuerting the law, contrarie to his oth and honor.</p> - -<p>12 Item, he borowed great summes of monie, and bound him vnder his letters patents, -for the repaiment of the same, and yet not one penie paid.</p> - -<p>13 Item, he taxed men at the will of him and his vnhappie councell, and the same -treasure spent in follie, not paieng poore men for their vittels and viands.</p> - -<p>14 Item, he said, that the lawes of the realme were in his head, and sometimes in his -brest, by reason of which fantasticall opinion, he destroied noble men, and impouerished -the poore commons.</p> - -<p>15 Item, the parlement setting and enacting diuerse notable statutes, for the profit -and aduancement of the common-wealth, he by his priuie fréends and solicitors caused -to be enacted, that no act then enacted, should be more preiudiciall to him, than it was to -anie of his predecessors: through which prouiso he did often as he listed, and not as the -law did meane.</p> - -<p>16 Item, for to serue his purpose, he would suffer the shiriffes of the shire to remaine -aboue one yeare or two.</p> - -<p>17 Item, at the summons of the parlement, when knights and burgesses should be -elected, that the election had béene full procéeded, he put out diuerse persons elect, and -put other in their places, to serue his will and appetite.</p> - -<p>18 Item, he had priuie espials in euerie shire, to heare who had of him anie communication; -and if he communed of his lasciuious liuing, or outragious dooings, he straightwaies -was apprehended, and put to a gréeuous fine.</p> - -<p>19 Item, the spiritualtie alledged against him, that he at his going into Ireland, exacted -manie notable summes of monie, beside plate and iewels, without law or custome, contrarie -to his oth taken at his coronation.</p> - -<p>20 Item, where diuerse lords and iustices were sworne to saie the truth of diuerse -things to them committed in charge, both for the honor of the relme, and profit of the -king, the said king so menaced them with sore threatenings, that no man would or durst -saie the right.</p> - -<p>21 Item, that without the assent of the nobilitie, he carried the iewels, plate, and -treasure, ouer into Ireland, to the great impouerishment of the realme: and all the good -records for the common wealth, and against his extortions, he caused priuilie to be imbessled, -and conueied awaie.</p> - -<p>22 Item, in all leagues and letters to be concluded or sent to the sée of Rome, or -other regions, his writing was so subtill and darke, that none other prince once beléeued -him, nor yet his owne subiects. <span class="xxpn" id="p861">|861|</span></p> - -<p>23 Item, he most tyrannouslie and vnprincelie said, that the liues and goods of all his -subiects were in his hands, and at his disposition.</p> - -<p>24 Item, that contrarie to the great charter of England, he caused diuerse lustie men -to appeale diuerse old men, vpon matters determinable at the common law in the court -Martiall, bicause that there is no triall, but onelie by battell: wherevpon, the said aged -persons, fearing the sequele of the matter, submitted themselues to his mercie, whome he -fined and ransomed vnreasonablie at his will and pleasure.</p> - -<p>25 Item, he craftilie deuised certeine priuie othes, contrarie to the law, and caused -diuerse of his subiects first to be sworne to obserue the same, and after bound them in -bonds for kéeping of the same, to the great vndooing of manie honest men.</p> - -<p>26 Item, where the chancellor, according to the law, would in no wise grant a prohibition -to a certeine person, the king granted it vnto the same, vnder his priuie seale, with -great threatenings, if it should be disobeied.</p> - -<p>27 Item, he banished the bishop of Canturburie without cause or iudgement, and kept -him in the parlement chamber with men of armes.</p> - -<p>28 Item, the bishops goods he granted to his successor, vpon condition, that he should -mainteine all his statutes made at Shrewesburie anno 21, and the statutes made anno 22 -at Couentrie.</p> - -<p>29 Item, vpon the accusation of the said bishop, the king craftilie persuaded him to -make no answer for he would be his warrant, and advised him not to come to the parlement, -and so without answer he was condemned and exiled, and his goods seized.</p> -</blockquote></div> - -<p>These be all the articles of anie effect, which were laid against -him, sauing foure other, which touched onelie the archbishops matter, -whose working wroong king Richard at length from his crowne. Then for -so much as these articles, and other heinous and detestable accusations -were laid against him in open parlement, it was thought by the most -part, that he was worthie to be deposed from all kinglie honor and -princelie gouernement: and to bring the matter without slander the -better to passe, diuerse of the kings seruants, which by licence -had accesse to his person, comforted him (being with sorrow almost -consumed, and in manner halfe dead) in the best wise they could, -exhorting him to regard his health, and saue his life.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The king is persuaded to resigne the crowne to the duke.</p> - -<p><i>Fabian.</i></p></div> - -<p>And first, they aduised him willinglie to suffer himselfe to be -deposed, and to resigne his right of his owne accord, so that the duke -of Lancaster might without murther or battell obteine the scepter -and diademe, after which (they well perceiued) he gaped: by meane -whereof they thought he might be in perfect assurance of his life -long to continue. Whether this their persuasion procéeded by the -suborning of the duke of Lancaster and his fauourers, or of a sincere -affection which they bare to the king, as supposing it most sure in -an extremitie, it is vncerteine; but yet the effect followed not, -howsoeuer their meaning was: notwithstanding, the king being now in -the hands of his enimies, and vtterlie despairing of all comfort, was -easilie persuaded to renounce his crowne and princelie preheminence, -so that in hope of life onelie, he agreed to all things that were of -him demanded. And so (as it should seeme by the copie of an instrument -hereafter following) he renounced and voluntarilie was deposed from -his roiall crowne and kinglie dignitie, the mondaie being the nine and -twentith daie of September, and feast of S. Michaell the archangell in -the yeare of our Lord 1399, and in the thrée and twentith yeare of his -reigne. The copie of which instrument here insueth.<br class="fltstop" -/></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>A copie of the instrument touching the declaration of the -commissioners sent from the states in parlement, vnto king Richard.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>This promise he made at Flint rather -than at Conwaie, as by that which goeth before it may be partlie -coniectured.</p></div> - -<p class="pfirst">THIS -present indenture made the nine and twentith daie of September, -and feast of saint Michaell, in the yeare of our Lord 1399, and the -three and twentith yeare of king <span class="xxpn" id="p862">|862|</span> Richard the second.   Witnesseth, -that where by the authoritie of the lords spirituall and temporall of -this present parlement, and commons of the same, the right honorable -and discreet persons heere vnder named, were by the said authoritie -assigned to go to the Tower of London, there to heare and testifie -such questions and answers as then and there should be by the said -honourable and discreet persons hard.   Know all men, to whome these -present letters shall come, that we, sir Richard Scroope archbishop -of Yorke, Iohn bishop of Hereford, Henrie earle of Northumberland, -Rafe earle of Westmerland, Thomas lord Berkeleie, William abbat of -Westminster, Iohn prior of Canturburie, William Thirning and Hugh -Burnell knights, Iohn Markham iustice, Thomas Stow and Iohn Burbadge -doctors of the ciuill law, Thomas Erpingham and Thomas Grey knights, -Thomas Ferebie and Denis Lopeham notaries publike, the daie and yeere -aboue said, betweene the houres of eight and nine of the clocke before -noone, were present in the cheefe chamber of the kings lodging, within -the said place of the Tower, where was rehearsed vnto the king by -the mouth of the foresaid earle of Northumberland, that before time -at Conwaie in Northwales, the king being there at his pleasure and -libertie, promised vnto the archbishop of Canturburie then Thomas -Arundell, and vnto the said earle of Northumberland, that he for -insufficiencie which he knew himselfe to be of, to occupie so great -a charge, as to gouerne the realme of England, he would gladlie -leaue of and renounce his right and title, as well of that as of his -title to the crowne of France, and his maiestie roiall, vnto Henrie -duke of Hereford, and that to doo in such conuenient wise, as by the -learned men of this land it should most sufficientlie be deuised & -ordeined.   To the which rehearsall, the king in our said presences -answered benignlie and said, that such promise he made, and so to do -the same he was at that houre in full purpose to performe and fulfill; -sauing that he desired first to haue personall speach with the said -duke, and with the archbishop of Canturburie his cousins.   And further, -he desired to haue a bill drawne of the said resignation, that he might -be perfect in the rehearsall thereof.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>After which bill drawne, and a copie thereof to him by me the -said earle deliuered, we the said lords and other departed: and -vpon the same afternoone the king looking for the comming of the -duke of Lancaster, at the last the said duke, with the archbishop -of Canturburie and the persons afore recited, entered the foresaid -chamber, bringing with them the lords Roos, Aburgenie, and Willoughbie, -with diuerse other.   Where after due obeisance doone by them vnto the -king, he familiarlie and with a glad countenance (as to them and vs -appeered) talked with the said archbishop and duke a good season; and -that communication finished, the king with glad countenance in presence -of vs and the other aboue rehearsed, said openlie that he was readie to -renounce and resigne all his kinglie maiestie in maner and forme as he -before had promised.   And although he had and might sufficientlie haue -declared his renouncement by the reading of an other meane person; yet -for the more suertie of the matter, and for that the said resignation -should haue his full force and strength, himselfe therefore read the -scroll of resignation, in maner and forme as -followeth.</p></blockquote></div><!--chapter--> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The tenor of the instrument whereby king Richard resigneth the -crowne to the duke of Lancaster.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">IN -the name of God Amen: I Richard by the grace of God, king of -England and of France, &c: lord of Ireland, acquit and assoile all -archbishops, bishops, and other prelats, secular or religious, of what -dignitie, degree, state, or condition so euer they be; and also all -dukes, marquesses, earles, barons, lords, and all my liege men, both -spirituall and secular, of what manner or degree they be, from their -oth of fealtie and homage, and all other deeds and priuileges made -vnto me, and from all manner bonds of allegiance, <span class="xxpn" id="p863">|863|</span> regalitie and -lordship, in which they were or be bounden to me, or anie otherwise -constreined; and them, their heires, and successors for euermore, from -the same bonds and oths I release, deliuer, and acquit, and set them -for free, dissolued and acquit, and to be harmelesse, for as much as -longeth to my person by anie manner waie or title of right, that to -me might follow of the foresaid things, or anie of them.   And also I -resigne all my kinglie dignitie, maiestie and crowne, with all the -lordships, power, and priuileges to the foresaid kinglie dignitie and -crowne belonging, and all other lordships and possessions to me in anie -maner of wise perteining, of what name, title, qualitie, or condition -soeuer they be, except the lands and possessions for me and mine obits -purchased and bought.   And I renounce all right, and all maner of title -of possession, which I euer had or haue in the same lordships and -possessions, or anie of them, with anie manner of rights belonging or -apperteining vnto anie part of them.   And also the rule and gouernance -of the same kingdome and lordships, with all ministrations of the -same, and all things and euerie each of them, that to the whole empire -and iurisdictions of the same belongeth of right, or in anie wise may -belong.</p> - -<p>And also I renounce the name, worship, and regaltie and kinglie -highnesse, clearelie, freelie, singularlie and wholie, in the most -best maner and forme that I may, and with deed and word I leaue off -and resigne them, and go from them for euermore; sauing alwaies -to my successors kings of England, all the rights, priuileges and -appurtenances to the said kingdome and lordships abouesaid belonging -and apperteining.   For well I wote and knowledge, and deeme my selfe -to be, and haue beene insufficient and vnable, and also vnprofitable, -and for my open deserts not vnworthie to be put downe.   And I sweare -vpon the holie euangelists here presentlie with my hands touched, that -I shall neuer repugne to this resignation, demission or yeelding vp, -nor neuer impugne them in anie maner by word or deed, by my selfe nor -none other: nor I shall not suffer it to be impugned, in as much as in -me is, priuilie or apertlie.   But I shall haue, hold, and keepe this -renouncing, demission, and giuing vp for firme and stable for euermore -in all and euerie part thereof, so God me helpe and all saints, and by -this holie euangelist, by me bodilie touched and kissed.   And for more -record of the same, here openlie I subscribe and signe this present -resignation with mine owne hand.</p> - -<p class="padtopb">Now -foorthwith in our presences and others, he subscribed the same, and after -deliuered it vnto the archbishop of Canturburie, saieng that if it were in his power, or -at his assignement, he would that the duke of Lancaster there present should be his -successour, and king after him.   And in token heereof, he tooke a ring of gold from his -finger being his signet, and put it vpon the said dukes finger, desiring and requiring the -archbishop of Yorke, & the bishop of Hereford, to shew and make report vnto the lords -of the parlement of his voluntarie resignation, and also of his intent and good mind -that he bare towards his cousin the duke of Lancaster, to haue him his successour -and their king after him.  <span class="nowrap">¶ All</span> this doone euerie man tooke their leaue and returned -to their owne.</p></blockquote></div><!--chapter--> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>K. Richards resignation confirmed by parlement.</p></div> - -<p>Vpon the morrow after being tuesdaie, and the last daie of September, all the lords -spirituall and temporall, with the commons of the said parlement, assembled at Westminster, -where, in the presence of them, the archbishop of Yorke, and the bishop of -Hereford, according to the kings request, shewed vnto them the voluntarie renouncing -of the king, with the fauour also which he bare to his cousine of Lancaster to haue him -his successour. And moreouer shewed them the schedule or bill of renouncement, signed -with king Richards owne hand, which they caused to be read first in Latine, as it -was written, and after in English. This doone, the question was first asked of the lords, -if they would admit and allow that renouncement: the which when it was of them -granted and confirmed, the like question was asked of the -commons, and of them in <span class="xxpn" id="p864">|864|</span> -like manner confirmed. After this, it was then declared, that notwithstanding the foresaid -renouncing, so by the lords and commons admitted and confirmed, it were necessarie in -auoiding of all suspicions and surmises of euill disposed persons, to haue in writing and -registred the manifold crimes and defaults before doone by king Richard, to the end that -they might first be openlie declared to the people, and after to remaine of record amongst -other of the kings records for euer.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>All this was doone accordinglie, for the articles which before yee haue heard, were -drawne and ingrossed vp, and there shewed readie to be read; but for other causes more -néedfull as then to be preferred, the reading of those articles at that season was deferred. -Then forsomuch as the lords of the parlement had well considered the voluntarie resignation -(of king Richard, and that it was behoouefull and as they thought) necessarie for the -weale of the realme, to proceed vnto the sentence of his deposing, there were appointed by -the authoritie of all the estates there in parlement assembled, the bishop of saint Asaph, -the abbat of Glastenburie, the earle of Glocester, the lord Berkleie, William Thirning -iustice, and Thomas Erpingham, with Thomas Graie, knights, that they should giue and -pronounce the open sentence of the deposing of king Richard. Whervpon the said commissioners -taking counsell togither, by good and deliberate aduise therein had, with one -assent agréed, that the bishop of S. Asaph should publish the sentence for them and in -their names, as followeth.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The publication of king Richards deposing.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">IN -the name of God Amen.   We Iohn bishop of S. Asaph, Iohn abbat of Glastenburie, -Thomas earle of Glocester, Thomas lord Berkeleie, William Thirning iustice, -Thomas Erpingham & Thomas Graie knights, chosen and deputed speciall commissaries -by the three states of this present parlement, representing the whole bodie of the realme, -for all such matters by the said estates to vs committed: we vnderstanding and considering -the manifold crimes, hurts, and harmes doone by Richard king of England, and misgouernance -of the same by a long time, to the great decaie of the said land, and vtter ruine -of the same shortlie to haue beene, had not the speciall grace of our God therevnto put -the sooner remedie: and also furthermore aduerting, that the said king Richard by -acknowledging his owne insufficiencie, hath of his owne meere voluntee and free will, renounced -and giuen ouer the rule & gouernance of this land, with all rights and honours -vnto the same belonging, and vtterlie for his merits hath iudged himselfe not vnwoorthilie -to be deposed of all kinglie maiestie and estate roiall.   We the premisses well considering -by good and diligent deliberation, by the power, name, and authoritie to vs (as aboue is -said) committed, pronounce, decerne, and declare the same king Richard, before this to -haue beene, and to be vnprofitable, vnable, vnsufficient, and vnwoorthie of the rule and -gouernance of the foresaid realms and lordships, and of all rights and other the appurtenances -to the same belonging.   And for the same causes we depriue him of all kinglie -dignitie and worship, and of any kinglie worship in himselfe.   And we depose him by our -sentence definitiue, forbidding expresselie to all archbishops, and bishops, and all other -prelats, dukes, marquesses, erles, barons and knights, and all other men of the foresaid -kingdome and lordships, subiects, and lieges whatsoeuer they be, that none of them from -this daie forward, to the foresaid Richard as king and lord of the foresaid realmes and -lordships, be neither obedient nor attendant.</p></blockquote></div> - -<p>After which sentence thus openlie declared, the said estates admitted foorthwith the -forenamed commissioners for their procurators, to resigne and yeeld vp vnto king Richard, -all their homage and fealtie, which in times past they had made and owght vnto him, and -also for to declare vnto him (if need were) all things before doone -that concerned the <span class="xxpn" id="p865">|865|</span> -purpose and cause of his deposing: the which resignation was respited till the morow following. -Immediatlie as the sentence was in this wise passed, and that by reason thereof the -realme stood void without head or gouernour for the time, the duke of Lancaster rising -from the place where before he sate, and standing where all those in the house might -behold him, in reuerend manner made a signe of the crosse on his forhead, and likewise on -his brest, and after silence by an officer commanded, said vnto the people there being present, -these words following.</p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The duke of Lancaster laieth challenge or claime to the crowne.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<p class="pfirst">IN -the name of the Father, and of the Sonne, & -of the Holie-ghost.   I Henrie of Lancaster -claime the realme of England and the crowne, with all the appurtenances, as I that -am descended by right line of the blood comming from that good lord king Henrie the -third, and through the right that God of his grace hath sent me, with the helpe of my kin, -and of my freends, to recouer the same, which was in point to be vndoone for default of -good gouernance and due iustice.</p></blockquote></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The demand of the archbishop of Canturburie to the commons.</p> - -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p>The duke of Hereford placed in the regall throne.</p> - -<p>The archbishop preached.</p></div> - -<p>After these words thus by him vttered, he returned and sate him downe in the place -where before he had sitten. Then the lords hauing heard and well perceiued this claime -thus made by this noble man, ech of them asked of other what they thought therein. At -length, after a little pausing or staie made, the archbishop of Canturburie hauing notice of -the minds of the lords, stood vp & asked the commons if they would assent to the lords, -which in their minds thought the claime of the duke made, to be rightfull and necessarie -for the wealth of the realme and them all: whereto the commons with one voice cried, -Yea, yea, yea. After which answer, the said archbishop going to the duke, and knéeling -downe before him on his knee, addressed to him all his purpose in few words. The which -when he had ended, he rose, & taking the duke by the right hand, led him vnto the kings -seate, the archbishop of Yorke assisting him, and with great reuerence set him therein, -after that the duke had first vpon his knées made his praier in deuout manner vnto -almightie God. When he was thus placed in his throne to the great reioising of the people, -the archbishop of Canturburie began a breefe collation, taking for his theme these -words, written in the first booke of kings the ninth chapter; Vir dominabitur in populo, -&c: handling the same, & the whole tenour of his tale to the praise of the king, whose -setled iudgement, grounded wisedome, perfect reason, and ripe discretion was such (said -he) as declared him to be no child, neither in yeares, nor in light conditions, but a man -able and méete for the gouernement of a realme: so that there was no small cause of comfort -ministred to them through the fauourable goodnesse of almightie God, which had -prouided them of such a gouernor, as like a discréet iudge shall déeme in causes by -skilfull doomes, and rule his subiects in vpright equitie, setting apart all wilfull pleasures, -and childish inconstancie. This is a summarie of his oration. But because the qualitie -of this volume is such, as that it hath set foorth matters at large: I will laie downe -the archbishops words, as they are recorded by Fabian in ample manner as followeth.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>The archbishop of Canturburie his oration, framed vpon this text, Vir -dominabitur in populo, &c: written in the first booke of kings and -ninth chapter.</h3> - -<blockquote> -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Fabian</i>, pag. 351.</p></div> -<p class="pfirst">THESE -be the words of the high, and most mightie king, speaking to Samuel his prophet, -teaching him how he should choose and ordaine a gouernor of his people of Israell, -when the said people asked of him a king, to rule them.   And not without cause may -these woords be said here of our lord the king that is.   For, if they be -inwardlie conceiued, <span class="xxpn" id="p866">|866|</span> -they shall giue vnto vs matter of consolation and comfort, when it is said that a man shall -haue lordship and rule of the people, and not a child.   For God threatneth not vs as he -sometime threatned the people by Esaie, saieng: Esa. 3. Et dabo pueros principes eorum, -& effeminati dominabuntur eis, I shall (saith our Lord) giue children to be their rulers -& princes, and weake or fearefull shall haue dominion ouer them.   But of his great -mercie he hath visited vs, I trust his peculiar people, and sent vs a man to haue the rule -of vs, & put by children that before time ruled this land, after childish conditions, as by -the woorkes of them it hath rightlie appeared, to the disturbance of all this realme; and -for want and lacke of a man.   For, as saith the apostle Paule ad Corinthos, 1. capite 14. -Cùm essem paruulus, loquebar vt paruulus, &c: quando autem factus sum vir, euacuaui -quæ erant paruuli, that is to say, When I was a child, I sauored and spake as a child, -but at the time when I came vnto the estate of a man, then I put by -all my childish conditions.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>The apostle saith, he sauored and spake as a child, in whome is no stedfastnesse, or -constancie.   For a child will lightlie promise, and lightlie he will breake his promise, and -doo all things that his appetite giueth him vnto, and forgetteth lightlie what he hath doone.   -By which reason it followeth, that needilie great inconuenience must fall to that people, -that a child is ruler and gouernour of: nor it is not possible for that kingdome to stand -in felicitie, where such conditions reigne in the head and ruler of the same.   But now we -ought all to reioise, that all such defaults be expelled, and that a man, and not a child, shall -haue lordship ouer vs.   To whom it belongeth to haue a sure rane vpon his toong, that -he maie be knowne from a child, or a man vsing childish conditions: of whom I trust I -maie say, as the wise man saith in his prouerbs, Prouerb. 3. cap. Beatus homo qui inuenit -sapientiam, & qui affluit prudentia, that is to say; Blessed be the man that hath sapience -or wisdome, and that aboundeth in prudence.   For that man that is ruled by sapience, must -needs loue & dred our Lord God, and who so loueth & dreadeth him, it must consequentlie -follow that he must keepe his commandements.   By force whereof he shall -minister true iustice vnto his subiects, and doo no wrong nor iniurie to any man.</p> - -<p>So that then shall follow the words of the wise man the which be rehearsed, Prouerb. -10. Benedictio Domini super caput iusti, os autem impiorum operit iniquitatem, that is -to saie, The blessing of our Lord God shall light vpon the head of our king, being a iust -and righteous man, for the toong of him worketh equitie and iustice; but the toong of the -wicked & of sinners couereth iniquitie.   And who so worketh or ministreth iustice in -due order, he not onlie safegardeth himself, but also holdeth people in a suertie of restfulnes, -of the which insueth peace and plentie.   And therefore it is said of the wise king -Salomon, Eccles. 10. Beata terra cuius rex nobilis est, vel cuius principes vescuntur in -tempore suo, wich is to be vnderstanded, that blessed & happie is that land, of the which -the king or ruler is noble and wise, and the princes be blessed that liue in his time.   As -who would say, they may take example of him to rule and guide their subiects.   For by -the discretion of a noble and wise man being in authoritie, manie euils be sequestred and -set apart, all dissemblers put to silence.   For the wise man considereth and noteth well -the great inconueniences which dailie now growe of it, where the child or insipient -drinketh the sweet and delicious words vnaduisedlie, and perceiueth not intoxication which -they be mingled or mixt with, till he be inuironed and wrapped in all danger, as latelie the -experience thereof hath beene apparent to all our sights and knowledges, & not without -the great danger of all this realme.   And all was for lacke of wisedome in the -ruler, which deemed & taught as a child, giuing sentence of wilfulnesse and not -of reason.   So that while a child reigned, selfe-will & lust reigned, and reason -with good conscience were outlawed, with iustice, stedfastnesse, and manie other -vertues.</p> - -<p>But of this perill and danger we be deliuered by the especiall helpe and grace of God, -Quia vir dominabitur in populo, that is to saie, He that is not a child but perfect -in reason.   <span class="xxpn" id="p867">|867|</span> -For he commeth not to execute his owne will, but his will that sent him, that is to wit, Gods -will, as a man vnto whome God of his abundant grace hath giuen perfect reason and discretion, -to discerne & deeme as a perfect man.   Wherfore not all onlie of this man we -shall saie that he shall dwell in wisedome, but as a perfect man and not a child, he shall -thinke, and deeme, & haue such a circumspection with him, that he shall diligentlie forelooke -and see that Gods will be doone, & not his.   And therfore now I trust the words of -the wise man, Ecclesiast. 10. shall be verified in our king: saieng, Iudex sapiens iudicabit -populum suum & principatus sensati stabilis erit; that is (as saith the wiseman) A wise -and discreet iudge shall now deeme his people, and the dominion or lordship of a discreet -wiseman shall stand stedfast.   Wherevpon shall then follow the second verse of the same -chapter, saieng, Secundum iudicem populi, sic & ministri eius, that is, Like as the -head & sovereigne is replenished with all sapience and vertue, in guiding of his people, -administring to them law, with due and conuenient iustice, so shall the subiects againward -be garnished with awe and louing dread, and beare vnto him next God all honour, truth -and allegiance.</p> - -<p>So that then it may be concluded with the residue of the foresaid verses; Qualis rector -est ciuitatis, tales & inhabitantes in ea, which is to saie, Such as the ruler of the citie is, -such then be the inhabitants of the same.   So that consequentlie it followeth, a good -master maketh a good disciple.   And likewise an euill king or ruler shall lose his people, -& the cities of his kingdome shall be left desolate and vnhabited.   Wherefore thus I -make an end.   In sted of a child wilfullie doing his lust and pleasure without reason, -now shall a man be lord and ruler, that is replenished with sapience and reason, and shall -gouerne the people by skilfull doome, setting apart all wilfulnesse and pleasure of himselfe.   -So that the word that I began with may be verified of him, Ecce quia vir dominabitur -in populo.   The which our lord grant, & that he may prosperouslie reigne vnto the -pleasure of God and wealth of his realme, -Amen.</p></blockquote></div><!--chapter--> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>The words of the elected king.</p></div> - -<p>After the archbishop had ended, wishing that it might so come to passe, and the people -answered, Amen; the king standing on his féet, said unto the lords and commons there -present: “I thanke you my lords both spirituall and temporall, and all the states of this -land, and doo you to wit, that it is not my will that any man thinke, that I by the waie -of conquest would disherit any man of his heritage, franches, or other rights, that him -ought to haue of right, nor to put him out of that which he now inioieth, and hath had -before time by custome or good law of this realme, except such priuat persons as haue -béene against the good purpose, and the common profit of the realme.” When he had -thus ended, all the shiriffes and other officers were put in their authorities againe, to exercise -the same as before, which they could not doo whilest the kings roiall throne was void.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - -<p>The coronation proclaimed.</p> - -<p>The parlemēt.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, a proclamation was made, that the states should assemble againe in parlement -on mondaie then next insuing, being the feast daie of saith Faith, which is the -sixt of October; and that the monday then next following, being the 13 of the same -moneth, and the feast day of saint Edward the king and confessor, the coronation should -be solemnized, and that all such as had to claime any seruice to be doone by them at the -same by any tenure, they should come to the White-hall in the kings palace, before the -steward and constable of England, on saturdaie next before the same day of the parlement, -and presenting their petitions that were due & rightfull, they should obteine that -to them apperteined. Excuse was also made on the kings behalfe, for calling of a parlement -vpon so short a warning, so as the knights and burgesses were not changed, but -onelie appointed to assemble againe, as if the other parlement had rather beene continued -than dissolued. The cause was alledged to be for easing of the charges that would -haue risen, if ech man had béene sent home, and new knights and burgesses called.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>King Henrie <span class="nowrap">y<sup>e</sup></span> fourth proclamed.</p> -<p><i>T. Wats. Amintas querula 5.</i></p></div> - -<p>These things doone, the king rose from his place, and with a chéerefull and right courteous -countenance regarding the people, went to White-hall, where -the same day he held <span class="xxpn" id="p868">|868|</span> -a great feast. In the after noone were proclamations made in the accustomed places of -the citie, in the name of king Henrie the fourth. On the morrow following, being wednesdaie -the first of October, the procurators aboue named repaired to the tower of London, -and thare signified vnto king Richard the admission of king Henrie. And the aforesaid -iustice William Thirning, in name of the other, and for all the states of the land, renounced -vnto the said Richard late king, all homage and fealtie vnto him before time due, -in maner and forme as apperteined. Which renuntiation to the deposed king, was a redoubling -of his greefe, in so much as thereby it came to his mind, how in former times -he was acknowledged & taken for their liege lord and souereigne, who now (whether -in contempt or in malice, God knoweth) to his face forsware him to be their king. So -that in his heuines he might verie well haue said with a gréeued -plaintife,<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div><div class="pstanza"> -<p class="pverse">Heu quantæ sortes miseris mortalibus instant!</p> -<p class="pverse">Ah chari quoties obliuia nominis opto!</p> -<p class="pverse">O qui me fluctus, quis me telluris hiatus</p> -<p class="pverse">Pertæsum tetricæ vitæ deglutiat ore</p> -<p class="pverse">Chasmatico?</p> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>K. Richard depriued.</p> - -<p><i>Hall.</i></p> - -<p>His personage.</p></div> - -<p>Thus was king Richard depriued of all kinglie honour and princelie dignitie, by reason -he was so giuen to follow euill counsell, and vsed such inconuenient waies and meanes, -through insolent misgouernance, and youthfull outrage, though otherwise a right noble -and woorthie prince. He reigned two and twentie yeares, three moneths and eight daies. -He deliuered to king Henrie now that he was thus deposed, all the goods that he had, to -the summe of three hundred thousand pounds in coine, besides plate and iewels, as a -pledge and satisfaction of the iniuries by him committed and doone, in hope to be in -more suertie of life for the deliuerie thereof: but whatsoeuer was promised, he was deceiued -therein. For shortlie after his resignation, he was conueied to the castell of Leeds -in Kent, & frō thence to Pomfret, where he departed out of this miserable life (as after -you shall heare.) He was séemelie of shape and fauor, & of nature good inough, if the -wickednesse & naughtie demeanor of such as were about him had not altered it.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Harding.</i></p> - -<p>The noble house-kéeping of king Richard.</p> - -<p>Excesse in apparell.</p></div> - -<p>His chance verelie was greatlie infortunate, which fell into such calamitie, that he -tooke it for the best waie he could deuise to renounce his kingdome, for the which mortall -men are accustomed to hazard all they haue to atteine therevnto. But such misfortune -(or the like) oftentimes falleth vnto those princes, which when they are aloft, cast -no doubt for perils that maie follow. He was prodigall, ambitious, and much giuen to -the pleasure of the bodie. He kept the greatest port, and mainteined the most plentifull -house that euer any king in England did either before his time or since. For there resorted -dailie to his court aboue ten thousand persons that had meat and drinke there -allowed them. In his kitchen there were thrée hundred seruitors, and euerie other office -was furnished after the like rate. Of ladies, chamberers, and landerers, there were aboue -thrée hundred at the least. And in gorgious and costlie apparell they exceeded all measure, -not one of them that kept within the bounds of his degrée. Yeomen and groomes -were clothed in silkes, with cloth of graine and skarlet, ouer sumptuous ye may be sure -for their estates. And this vanitie was not onelie vsed in the court in those daies, but -also other people abroad in the towns and countries, had their garments cut far otherwise -than had beene accustomed before his daies, with imbroderies, rich furres, and goldsmiths -worke, and euerie daie there was deuising of new fashions, to the great hinderance and -decaie of the common-welth.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p>Ignorant prelats.</p></div> - -<p>Moreouer, such were preferred to bishoprikes, and other ecclesiasticall liuings, as -neither could teach nor preach, nor knew any thing of the scripture of God, but onelie -to call for their tithes and duties; so that they were most vnworthie the name of bishops, -being lewd and most vaine persons disguised in bishops apparell. Furthermore, there -reigned abundantlie the filthie sinne of leacherie and fornication, with abhominable adulterie, -speciallie in the king, but most chéefelie in the prelacie, whereby -the whole realme by <span class="xxpn" id="p869">|869|</span> -such their euill example, was so infected, that the wrath of God was dailie prouoked to -vengeance for the sins of the prince and his people. How then could it continue prosperouslie -with this king? against whom for the fowle enormities wherewith his life was -defamed, the wrath of God was whetted and tooke so sharpe an edge, that the same did -shred him off from the scepter of his kingdome, and gaue him a full cup of affliction to -drinke; as he had doone to other kings his predecessors, by whose example he might -haue taken warning. For it is an heauie case when God thundereth out his reall arguments -either vpon prince or people.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>Thus haue ye heard what writers doo report touching the state of the time and doings -of this king. But if I may boldlie saie what I thinke: he was a prince the most vnthankfullie -vsed of his subiects, of any one of whom ye shall lightlie read. For although -(thorough the frailtie of youth) he demeaned himed himselfe more dissolutelie than séemed -conuenient for his roiall estate, & made choise of such councellors as were not fauoured -of the people, whereby he was the lesse fauoured himselfe: yet in no kings daies were -the commons in greater wealth, if they could haue perceiued their happie state: neither -in any other time were the nobles and gentlemen more cherished, nor churchmen lesse -wronged. But such was their ingratitude towards their bountifull and louing souereigne, -that those whom he had chéeflie aduanced, were readiest to controll him; for that they -might not rule all things at their will, and remooue from him such as they misliked, and -place in their roomes whom they thought good, and that rather by strong hand, than by -gentle and courteous meanes, which stirred such malice betwixt him and them, till at -length it could not be asswaged without perill of destruction to them both.</p> - -<p>The duke of Glocester chéefe instrument of this mischéefe, to what end he came ye haue -heard. And although his nephue the duke of Hereford tooke vpon him to reuenge his -death, yet wanted he moderation and loialtie in his dooings, for the which both he himselfe -and his lineall race were scourged afterwards, as a due punishment vnto rebellious -subiects; so as deserued vengeance seemed not to staie long for his ambitious crueltie, -that thought it not inough to driue king Richard to resigne his crowne and regall dignitie -ouer vnto him, except he also should take from him his guiltlesse life. What vnnaturalnesse, -or rather what tigerlike crueltie was this, not to be content with his principalitie? -not to be content with his treasure? not to be content with his depriuation? not to be -content with his imprisonment? but being so neerelie knit in consanguinitie, which ought -to haue moued them like lambs to haue loued each other, wooluishlie to lie in wait for -the distressed creatures life, and rauenouslie to thirst after his bloud, the spilling whereof -should haue touched his conscience so, as that death ought rather to -haue beene aduentured -for his safetie, than so sauagelie to haue sought his life after the losse of his -roialtie.</p> - -<p>But to let this passe to the consideration of the learned: according to our order, I -will shew what writers of our English nation liued in his daies, as we find them in Iohn -Bales centuries. First Henrie Bederic, otherwise surnamed of Burie, after the name of -the towne where he is thought to haue béene borne, an Augustine frier; Simon Alcocke, -Vthred Bolton a moonke of Durham, borne in the borders of Wales beyond Seuerne; -William Iordan a blacke frier, Iohn Hilton a frier Minor, Iohn Clipton a Carmelite frier -in Notingham, Henrie Daniell a blacke frier and a good physician, Ralfe Marham, Iohn -Marcheleie a graie frier or cordelier as some call them, Thomas Broome a Carmelite frier -of London, John Bridlington borne in Yorkeshire, William Thorne an Augustine frier -of Canturburie, an historiographer, Adam Meremouth a canon of saint Paules church -in London, that wrote two tretises of historicall matters, the one intituled Chronicon 40 -annorum, and the other Chronicon 60 annorum; Simon Bredon borne in Winchcombe -a doctor of physicke and a skilfull astronomer, Iohn Thompson borne in Norfolke in a -village of that name, and a Carmelite frier in Blacknie.</p> - -<p>More, Thomas Winterton borne in Lincolnshire, an Augustine -frier in Stamford; <span class="xxpn" id="p870">|870|</span> -William Packington secretarie sometime to the Blacke prince an excellent -historiographer, -Geffraie Hingham a civilian, Iohn Botlesham borne in Cambridgeshire a blacke -frier, William Badbie a Carmelite frier, bishop of Worcester, and confessor to the duke -of Lancaster; William Folleuil a frier Minor borne in Lincolnshire, Iohn Bourgh parson -of Collingham in Notinghamshire a doctor of diuinitie, and chancellor of the Vniuersitie -of Cambridge; William Sclade a moonke of Buckfast abbie in Deuonshire, Iohn Thoresbie -archbishop of Yorke and lord chancellor of England, was admitted by pope Vrbane -the fift into the college of cardinals, but he died before K. Richard came to the crowne, -about the eight and fourtith yeare of king Edward the third, in the yeare of our Lord -1374. Thomas Ashborne an Augustine frier, Iohn Astone an earnest follower of Wickliffes -doctrine, and therefore condemned to perpetuall prison; Casterton a moonke of -Norwich and an excellent diuine, Nicholas Radcliffe a moonke of saint Albons, Iohn -Ashwarbie a diuine and fauourer of Wickliffes doctrine, Richard Maidstone so called -of the towne in Kent where he was borne, a Carmelite frier of Ailesford.</p> - -<div class="sidenotea"> -<p><i>Adunensis episcopus.</i></p></div> - -<p>Adde to these Iohn Wardbie an Augustine frier, and a great diuine; Robert Waldbie -excellentlie learned as well in diuinitie as other arts, for the which he was first aduanced -to a bishoprike in Gascoigne, and after he was admitted archbishop of Dubline; William -Berton a doctor of diuinitie, & chancellor of the Vniuersitie of Oxford, and aduersarie -to Wickliffe; Philip Repington abbat of Leicester a notable diuine and defender of -Wickliffe, Thomas Lombe a Carmelite frier of Lin, Nicholas Hereford a secular priest, -a doctor of diuinitie, and scholer to Wickliffe; Walter Brit also another of Wickliffes -scholers wrote both of diuinitie & other arguments, Henrie Herklie chancellor of the -Vniuersitie of Oxford, an enimie to Wickliffe, and a great sophister; Robert Iuorie a -Carmelite frier of London, and the twentith prouinciall of his order here in England; -Lankine a Londoner, an Augustine frier, professed in the same citie, a doctor of diuinitie, -an aduersarie to Wickliffe.<br class="fltstop" /></p> - -<p>More, William Gillingham a moonke of saint Sauiours in Canturburie; Iohn Chilmarke -a fellow of Marton colledge in Oxford, a great philosopher and mathematician; -Iohn Sharpe a philosopher, and a diuine, wrote manie treatises, a great aduersarie to -Wickliffe; Richard Lauingham borne in Suffolke, and a frier of Gipswich, an excellent -logician, but a sore enimie to them that fauoured Wickliffes doctrine; Peter Pateshull, -of whome ye haue heard before: it is said that he was in the end constreined for doubt of -persecution to flie into Boheme; William Woodford a Franciscane frier, a chosen champion -against Wickliffe being now dead, procured thereto by the archbishop of Canturburie -Thomas Arudnell; Iohn Bromyard a Dominicke frier, both a notable lawyer & a -diuine, a sore enimie also to Wickliuists; Marcill Ingelne an excellent philosopher and a -diuine, one of the first teachers in the Vniuersitie of Heidelberge, which Robert duke of -Bauier and countée palantine of the Rhene had instituted about that season; Richard -Northall sonne to a maior of London (as is said) of that name, he became a Carmelite -frier in the same citie; Thomas Edwardson prior of the friers Augustines at Clare in -Suffolke, Iohn Summer a Franciscane frier at Bridgewater, an enimie to the Wickliuists; -Richard Withée a learned priest & an earnest follower of Wickliffe, Iohn Swafham -a Carmelite frier of Lin, a student in Cambridge who became bishop of Bangor, a -great aduersarie to the Wickliuists.</p> - -<p>Finallie, and to conclude, William Egumond a frier heremit of the sect of the Augustins -in Stamford; Iohn Tissington a Franciscane frier, a mainteiner of the popes doctrine; -William Rimston or Rimington a moonke of Salleie, an enimie also to the Wickliuists; -Adam Eston well séene in the toongs, was made a cardinall by pope Gregorie the -eleauenth, but by pope Vrban the sixt he was committed to prison in Genoa, and at the -contemplation of king Richard he was taken out of prison, but not fullie deliuered till the -daies of Boniface the ninth, who restored him to his former dignitie; Iohn Beaufu a Carmelite -of Northampton, proceeded doctor of diuinitie in Oxenford, -and was made prior <span class="xxpn" id="p871">|871|</span> -of his house; Roger Twiford aliàs Goodlucke, an Augustine frier; Iohn Treuise a Cornishman -borne, and a secular préest and vicar of Berklie, he translated the bible; Bartholomew -De proprietatibus rerum; Polychronicon of Ranulph Higden, and diuerse -other treatises, Rafe Spalding a Carmelite frier of Stamford; Iohn Moone an Englishman -borne, but a student in Paris, who compiled in the French toong the Romant of the -Rose, translated into English by Geffrie Chaucer, William Shirborne; Richard Wichingham -borne in Norffolke, and diuerse other.</p> - -<p class="hanga fsize5 padtopa">Thus farre Richard of Burdeaux, whose depriuation you -haue heard; of his lamentable death hereafter, to wit, -pag. 516, 517.</p> - -<div class="padtopb fsize6">[In the present Edit. Vol III. pages 13 & 14.]</div> - -<div class="padtopa fsize7">THE END OF THE SECOND VOLUME.</div> - -<div class="transnote" id="transnote"> -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - -<p>Original spelling and grammar are generally retained, with a few -exceptions noted below. Original page numbers look like this: |735|. -I constructed the cover image, and hereby release it to the wild.</p> - -<p>This transcription is based on page images scanned from an edition -with publication date 1807. The title page information, together -with Part 1 of this Volume II, is located in Project Gutenburg -ebook#16738. The page images used herein probably were private, not -available on the internet; but Google has made page images from the -same edition available―see [Title: Chronicles of England, Scotland -and Ireland, Volume 2 Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, -Raphael Holinshed; Author: Raphael Holinshed; Publisher: Johnson, -1807; Original from: the Bavarian State Library; Digitized: Nov -25, 2009; ID=4r0_AAAAcAAJ] at books.google.com. This 1807 edition -seems to be closely based on the 1587 edition of the <i>Chronicles</i>, -printed in blackletter. Page images from the 1587 edition are -available from the University of Pennsylvania. Vol. II, part 12 is at -http://sceti.library.upenn.edu (textID=holinshed_richII). In a very few -instances listed below, corrections have been made, or questions have -been answered, by referring to the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Current ebook software does not lend itself optimally to the -original close association of sidenotes with specific lines of text. -Therefore sidenotes are now assigned to specific paragraphs rather -than to lines. Moreover, the original sidenotes were often printed -in a manner which makes it impossible to distinguish one sidenote -paragraph from the next. One example of this occurred on page -<a href="#p850">850</a>, with -a sidenote printed like this:</p> - -<div><div class="nowrap fsize6"> - <p><i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of</p> - <p><i>Thom. Wals.</i></p> - <p>pag. 395.</p> - <p><i>Polydor.</i></p> -</div></div> - -<p class="pcontinue">It turns out, -proven by comparison with the 1587 edition, that -<i>Polydor.</i> is a separate paragraph from the rest. But there are many -similar instances, both in this 1807 edition and in the 1587 edition, -none of which have been checked.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p735">735</a>. In “the denied to paie for hir” <i>the</i> was changed to <i>she</i>, -to agree with the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p739">739</a>. In “cruell proceedings of those rude & baee people”, change <i>baee</i> to <i>base</i>, -to conform with the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p763">763</a>. The extra <i>the</i> was removed from “heard the the friers -information”.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p767">767</a>. From “An other day 72 French ships (as they”, the unmatched left -parenthesis mark was removed.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p772">772</a>–773. Two sidenotes appear similar; the first is partially -illegible, and is herein made the same as the second. The second is -less illegible, and appears to be “<i>Abr. Fl.</i> out of <i>Henrie Knighton</i> -canon of Leicester abbeie”.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p776">776</a>. The sidenote attached to the last paragraph was partly -illegible, and is herein rendered “The king of Armenia sueth for”.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p788">788</a>. In “to hurt them, or or cause any hurt”, removed the extra <i>or</i>, -per the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p790">790</a>. In “to tarie louger, as one despairing”, changed <i>louger</i> to -<i>longer</i>, per the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p798">798</a>. In “the state of the meanest peason”, changed <i>peason</i> to -<i>person</i>, to comform with the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p801">801</a>. In “one of the heires to to Iohn Scot”, removed the extra -<i>to</i>.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p803">803</a>. From “which (according (as I haue seene noted) was”, removed -the second left parenthesis, to agree with the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p804">804</a>. In “deliuered by the mouth of Walter Langhton”, retained, the -<i>n</i> should probably be <i>u</i>, making the word <i>Laughton</i>.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p807">807</a>. In “saluo iure alterius cuiuscunq;.”, the text in the 1587 -edition shows the “semicolon” as subscript, although it is retained -herein as shown unsubscripted in the 1807 edition. Together with the -<i>q</i>, this might be a ligature for <i>que</i>. There are several other -instances of words ending in "q;", none of which have subscripted -semicolons in this 1807 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p829">829</a>. From “more bold to interlace) about”, removed the unmatched -right parenthesis.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p834">834</a>. Original “prease on London bridg [*missing*] by reason -thereof”, changed to “prease on London bridge, that by reason thereof”, -per the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p842">842</a>. In “foure thousand nobles yéere e paid out of”, changed -<i>yéere e</i> to <i>yéerelie</i>, per the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p844">844</a>. In ‘than well.” “No more said the king,’, removed the -unmatched left quotation mark from <i>No</i>.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p845">845</a>. The unmatched right double quotation mark was removed from the -phrase ‘it could not be so brought to passe, his -honor saued.’</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p847">847</a>. A matching right double quotation mark was added to the end of -the sentence beginning ‘The proclamation ended, an other herald cried’.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p857">857</a>. In “but the earle rode before, at it were”, changed <i>at</i> to -<i>as</i>, per the 1587 edition.</p> - -<p>Page <a href="#p869">869</a>. In “God thundereth out his reall arguguments”, changed <i>arguguments</i> -to <i>arguments</i>, per the 1587 edition.</p> -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Holinshed's Chronicles of England, -Scotland, and Ireland, by Raphael Holinshed - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOLINSHED'S CHRONICLES OF ENGLAND, VOL II *** - -***** This file should be named 52147-h.htm or 52147-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/2/1/4/52147/ - -Produced by Jonathan Ingram, RichardW and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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