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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>THE SATYRICON, Vol. 1</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+
+<style type="text/css">
+ <!--
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+ H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; }
+ HR { width: 33%; text-align: center; }
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+
+<h2>THE SATYRICON of Petronius, Volume 1</h2>
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's The Satyricon, Vol. 1, Introduction, by Petronius Arbiter
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Satyricon, Vol. 1, Introduction
+
+Author: Petronius Arbiter
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2004 [EBook #5218]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SATYRICON, VOL. 1 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+<br><hr>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center>
+<h1>
+ <a name="PREFACE">THE SATYRICON OF</a>
+<br> PETRONIUS ARBITER
+</h1>
+</center>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+ <center><h3>Volume 1.</h3></center>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<center>
+<a name="bookspine"></a><img alt="bookspine.jpg (92K)" src="images/bookspine.jpg" height="1182" width="650">
+</center>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+<blockquote>
+<i>Complete and unexpurgated translation by W. C. Firebaugh,
+in which are incorporated the forgeries of Nodot and Marchena,
+and the readings introduced into the text by De Salas.</i></blockquote>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<center>
+<a name="pfront"></a><img alt="pfront.jpg (108K)" src="images/pfront.jpg" height="829" width="599">
+</center>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+<center><h2>PREFACE</h2></center>
+<p>Among the difficulties which beset the path of the conscientious
+translator, a sense of his own unworthiness must ever take precedence;
+but another, scarcely less disconcerting, is the likelihood of
+misunderstanding some allusion which was perfectly familiar to the author
+and his public, but which, by reason of its purely local significance,
+is obscure and subject to the misinterpretation and emendation of a later
+generation.
+
+<p>A translation worthy of the name is as much the product of a literary
+epoch as it is of the brain and labor of a scholar; and Melmouth's
+version of the letters of Pliny the Younger, made, as it was, at a
+period when the art of English letter writing had attained its highest
+excellence, may well be the despair of our twentieth century apostles of
+specialization. Who, today, could imbue a translation of the Golden Ass
+with the exquisite flavor of William Adlington's unscholarly version of
+that masterpiece? Who could rival Arthur Golding's rendering of the
+Metamorphoses of Ovid, or Francis Hicke's masterly rendering of Lucian's
+True History? But eternal life means endless change and in nothing is
+this truth more strikingly manifest than in the growth and decadence of
+living languages and in the translation of dead tongues into the ever
+changing tissue of the living. Were it not for this, no translation
+worthy of the name would ever stand in need of revision, except in
+instances where the discovery and collation of fresh manuscripts had
+improved the text. In the case of an author whose characters speak in
+the argot proper to their surroundings, the necessity for revision is
+even more imperative; the change in the cultured speech of a language is
+a process that requires years to become pronounced, the evolution of
+slang is rapid and its usage ephemeral. For example Stephen Gaselee, in
+his bibliography of Petronius, calls attention to Harry Thurston Peck's
+rendering of "bell um pomum" by "he's a daisy," and remarks,
+appropriately enough, "that this was well enough for 1898; but we would
+now be more inclined to render it 'he's a peach.'" Again, Peck renders
+"illud erat vivere" by "that was life," but, in the words of our lyric
+American jazz, we would be more inclined to render it "that was the
+life." "But," as Professor Gaselee has said, "no rendering of this part
+of the Satyricon can be final, it must always be in the slang of the
+hour."
+
+<p>"Some," writes the immortal translator of Rabelais, in his preface,
+"have deservedly gained esteem by translating; yet not many condescend
+to translate but such as cannot invent; though to do the first well,
+requires often as much genius as to do the latter. I wish, reader,
+thou mayest be as willing to do the author justice, as I have strove
+to do him right."
+
+<p>Many scholars have lamented the failure of Justus Lipsius to comment upon
+Petronius or edit an edition of the Satyricon. Had he done so, he might
+have gone far toward piercing the veil of darkness which enshrouds the
+authorship of the work and the very age in which the composer flourished.
+To me, personally, the fact that Laurence Sterne did not undertake a
+version, has caused much regret. The master who delineated Tristram
+Shandy's father and the intrigue between the Widow Wadman and Uncle Toby
+would have drawn Trimalchio and his peers to admiration.
+
+<p> W. C. F.
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br><blockquote>
+<p class="toc"><big><b>CONTENTS</b></big></p><br />
+
+
+<a href="#PREFACE">PREFACE</a><br />
+<br />
+
+<a href="#INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION</a><br />
+<br />
+
+<a href="#THE_AUTHOR">THE AUTHOR</a><br /><br />
+
+
+<a href="#REALISM">REALISM</a><br /><br />
+
+
+<a href="#FORGERIES">FORGERIES</a><br />
+
+
+<br>
+<p class="toc"><big><b>ILLUSTRATIONS</b></big></p><br />
+
+
+
+<p><a href="#pfront">The Witches [Frontpiece]</a>
+<p><a href="#p006">An Extemporary Declamation</a>
+<p><a href="#p010">An Old Herb Woman</a>
+<p><a href="#p012">Hurrying to the Inn</a>
+<p><a href="#p020">Making Off</a>
+<p><a href="#p024">Tryphena</a>
+<p><a href="#p044">The Holy Mysteries</a>
+<p><a href="#p046">Quartilla</a>
+<p><a href="#p048">Psyche</a>
+<p><a href="#p050">The Catamite</a>
+<p><a href="#p052">The Debauch</a>
+<p><a href="#p054">The Drunkards</a>
+<p><a href="#p056">Quartilla and Giton</a>
+<p><a href="#p058">The Chink in the Door</a>
+<p><a href="#p062">Pannychis</a>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION.</h2>
+
+<br>
+<p>Of the many masterpieces which classical antiquity has bequeathed to
+modern times, few have attained, at intervals, to such popularity; few
+have so gripped the interest of scholars and men of letters, as has this
+scintillating miscellany known as the Satyricon, ascribed by tradition to
+that Petronius who, at the court of Nero, acted as arbiter of elegance
+and dictator of fashion. The flashing, wit, the masterly touches which
+bring out the characters with all the detail of a fine old copper
+etching; the marvelous use of realism by this, its first prophet; the
+sure knowledge of the perspective and background best adapted to each
+episode; the racy style, so smooth, so elegant, so simple when the
+educated are speaking, beguile the reader and blind him, at first, to the
+many discrepancies and incoherences with which the text, as we have it,
+is marred. The more one concentrates upon this author, the more apparent
+these faults become and the more one regrets the lacunae in the text.
+Notwithstanding numerous articles which deal with this work, some from
+the pens of the most profound scholars, its author is still shrouded in
+the mists of uncertainty and conjecture. He is as impersonal as
+Shakespeare, as aloof as Flaubert, in the opinion of Charles Whibley,
+and, it may be added, as genial as Rabelais; an enigmatic genius whose
+secret will never be laid bare with the resources at our present command.
+As I am not writing for scholars, I do not intend going very deeply into
+the labyrinth of critical controversy which surrounds the author and the
+work, but I shall deal with a few of the questions which, if properly
+understood, will enhance the value of the Satyricon, and contribute, in
+some degree, to a better understanding of the author. For the sake of
+convenience the questions discussed in this introduction will be arranged
+in the following order:
+<br>
+<br>
+<blockquote>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The Satyricon.
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The Author.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a His Character.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b His Purpose in Writing.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c Time in which the Action is placed.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d Localization of the Principal Episode.
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Realism.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a Influence of the Satyricon upon the Literature of the World.
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The Forgeries.
+</blockquote>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h2>I</h2>
+
+<br>
+<h3>THE SATYRICON.</h3>
+<br>
+<p>Heinsius and Scaliger derive the word from the Greek,
+whence comes our English word satyr, but Casaubon, Dacier and Spanheim
+derive it from the Latin 'satura,' a plate filled with different kinds
+of food, and they refer to Porphyrion's 'multis et variis rebus hoc
+carmen refertum est.'
+
+<p>The text, as we possess it, may be divided into three divisions: the
+first and last relate the adventures of Encolpius and his companions, the
+second, which is a digression, describes the Dinner of Trimalchio. That
+the work was originally divided into books, we had long known from
+ancient glossaries, and we learn, from the title of the Traguriensian
+manuscript, that the fragments therein contained are excerpts from the
+fifteenth and sixteenth books. An interpolation of Fulgentius (Paris
+7975) attributes to Book Fourteen the scene related in Chapter 20 of the
+work as we have it, and the glossary of St. Benedict Floriacensis cites
+the passage 'sed video te totum in illa haerere, quae Troiae halosin
+ostendit (Chapter 89), as from Book Fifteen. As there is no reason to
+suppose that the chapters intervening between the end of the Cena
+(Chapter 79) and Chapter 89 are out of place, it follows that this
+passage may have belonged to Book Sixteen, or even Seventeen, but that it
+could not have belonged to Book Fifteen. From the interpolation of
+Fulgentius we may hazard the opinion that the beginning of the fragments,
+as we possess them (Chapters 1 to 26), form part of Book Fourteen. The
+Dinner of Trimalchio probably formed a complete book, fifteen, and the
+continuation of the adventures of Encolpius down to his meeting with
+Eumolpus (end of Chapter 140) Book Sixteen. The discomfiture of Eumolpus
+should have closed this book but not the entire work, as the exit of the
+two principal characters is not fixed at the time our fragments come to
+an end. The original work, then, would probably have exceeded Tom Jones
+in length.
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h2>II</h2>
+
+<br>
+<h3><a name="THE_AUTHOR"></a>THE AUTHOR.</h3>
+<br>
+<p><b>a--</b>"Not often," says Studer (Rheinisches Museum, 1843), "has there been
+so much dispute about the author, the times, the character and the
+purpose of a writing of antiquity as about the fragments of the Satyricon
+of Petronius." The discovery and publication of the Trau manuscript
+brought about a literary controversy which has had few parallels, and
+which has not entirely died out to this day, although the best
+authorities ascribe the work to Caius Petronius, the Arbiter Elegantiarum
+at the court of Nero. "The question as to the date of the narrative of
+the adventures of Encolpius and his boon companions must be regarded as
+settled," says Theodor Mommsen (Hermes, 1878); "this narrative is
+unsurpassed in originality and mastery of treatment among the writings of
+Roman literature. Nor does anyone doubt the identity of its author and
+the Arbiter Elegantiarum of Nero, whose end Tacitus relates."
+
+<p>In any case, the author of this work, if it be the work of one brain,
+must have been a profound psychologist, a master of realism,
+a natural-born story teller, and a gentleman.
+
+<p><b>b--</b>His principal object in writing the work was to amuse but, in amusing,
+he also intended to pillory the aristocracy and his wit is as keen as the
+point of a rapier; but, when we bear in mind the fact that he was an
+ancient, we will find that his cynicism is not cruel, in him there is
+none of the malignity of Aristophanes; there is rather the attitude of
+the refined patrician who is always under the necessity of facing those
+things which he holds most in contempt, the supreme artist who suffers
+from the multitude of bill-boards, so to speak, who lashes the posters
+but holds in pitying contempt those who know so little of true art that
+they mistake those posters for the genuine article. Niebuhr's estimate
+of his character is so just and free from prejudice, and proceeds from
+a mind which, in itself, was so pure and wholesome, that I will quote it:
+
+<p>"All great dramatic poets are endowed with the power of creating beings
+who seem to act and speak with perfect independence, so that the poet is
+nothing more than the relator of what takes place. When Goethe had
+conceived Faust and Margarete, Mephistopheles and Wagner, they moved and
+had their being without any exercise of his will. But in the peculiar
+power which Petronius exercises, in its application to every scene, to
+every individual character, in everything, noble or mean, which he
+undertakes, I know of but one who is fully equal to the Roman, and that
+is Diderot. Trimalchio and Agamemnon might have spoken for Petronius,
+and the nephew Rameau and the parson Papin for Diderot, in every
+condition and on every occasion inexhaustibly, out of their own nature;
+just so the purest and noblest souls, whose kind was, after all, not
+entirely extinct in their day.
+
+<p>"Diderot and a contemporary, related to him in spirit, Count Gaspar
+Gozzi, are marked with the same cynicism which disfigures the Roman;
+their age, like his, had become shameless. But as the two former were in
+their heart noble, upright, and benevolent men, and as in the writings of
+Diderot genuine virtue and a tenderness unknown to his contemporaries
+breathe, so the peculiarity of such a genius can, as it seems, be given
+to a noble and elevated being only. The deep contempt for prevailing
+immorality which naturally leads to cynicism, and a heart which beats for
+everything great and glorious,--virtues which then had no
+existence,--speak from the pages of the Roman in a language intelligible to every
+susceptible heart."
+
+<p><b>c--</b>Beck, in his paper, "The Age of Petronius Arbiter," concluded that the
+author lived and wrote between the years 6 A.D. and 34 A.D., but he
+overlooked the possibility that the author might have lived a few years
+later, written of conditions as they were in his own times, and yet laid
+the action of his novel a few years before. Mommsen and Haley place the
+time under Augustus, Buecheler, about 36-7 A.D., and Friedlaender under
+Nero.
+
+<p><b>d--</b>La Porte du Theil places the scene at Naples because of the fact the
+city in which our heroes met Agamemnon must have been of some
+considerable size because neither Encolpius nor Asclytos could find their
+way back to their inn, when once they had left it, because both were
+tired out from tramping around in search of it and because Giton had been
+so impressed with this danger that he took the precaution to mark the
+pillars with chalk in order that they might not be lost a second time.
+The Gulf of Naples is the only bit of coastline which fits the needs of
+the novel, hence the city must be Naples. The fact that neither of the
+characters knew the city proves that they had been recent arrivals, and
+this furnishes a clue, vague though it is, to what may have gone before.
+
+<p>Haley, "Harvard Studies in Classical Philology," vol. II, makes out a
+very strong case for Puteoli, and his theory of the old town and the new
+town is as ingenious as it is able. Haley also has Trimalchio in his
+favor, as has also La Porte du Theil. "I saw the Sibyl at Cumae," says
+Trimalchio. Now if the scene of the dinner is actually at Cumae this
+sounds very peculiar; it might even be a gloss added by some copyist
+whose knowledge was not equal to his industry. On the other hand,
+suppose Trimalchio is speaking of something so commonplace in his
+locality that the second term has become a generic, then the difficulty
+disappears. We today, even though standing upon the very spot in Melos
+where the Venus was unearthed, would still refer to her as the Venus de
+Melos. Friedlaender, in bracketing Cumis, has not taken this
+sufficiently into consideration. Mommsen, in an excellent paper (Hermes,
+1878), has laid the scene at Cumae. His logic is almost unanswerable,
+and the consensus of opinion is in favor of the latter town.
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h2>III</h2>
+<br>
+<h3><a name="REALISM"></a>REALISM.</h3>
+<br>
+<p>Realism, as we are concerned with it, may be defined as the
+literary effect produced by the marshaling of details in their exactitude
+for the purpose of bringing out character. The fact that they may be
+ugly and vulgar the reverse, makes not the slightest difference. The
+modern realist contemplates the inanimate things which surround us with
+peculiar complaisance, and it is right that he should as these things
+exert upon us a constant and secret influence. The workings of the human
+mind, in complex civilizations, are by no means simple; they are involved
+and varied: our thoughts, our feelings, our wills, associate themselves
+with an infinite number of sensations and images which play one upon the
+other, and which individualize, in some measure, every action we commit,
+and stamp it. The merit of our modern realists lies in the fact that
+they have studied the things which surround us and our relations to them,
+and thus have they been able to make their creations conform to human
+experience. The ancients gave little attention to this; the man, with
+them, was the important thing; the environment the unimportant. There
+are, of course, exceptions; the interview between Ulysses and Nausiskaa
+is probably the most striking. From the standpoint of environment,
+Petronius, in the greater portion of his work, is an ancient; but one
+exception there is, and it is as brilliant as it is important. The
+entire episode, in which Trimalchio figures, offers an incredible
+abundance of details. The descriptions are exhaustive and minute, but
+the author's prime purpose was not description, it was to bring out the
+characters, it was to pillory the Roman aristocracy, it was to amuse!
+Cicero, in his prosecution of Verres, had shown up this aristocracy in
+all its brutality and greed, it remained for the author of the Cena to
+hold its absurdity up to the light of day, to lash an extravagance which,
+though utterly unbridled, was yet unable to exhaust the looted
+accumulations of years of political double dealing and malfeasance in
+office. Trimalchio's introduction is a masterstroke, the porter at the
+door is another, the effect of the wine upon the women, their jealousy
+lest either's husband should seem more liberal, their appraisal of each
+other's jewelry, Scintilla's remark anent the finesse of Habinnas'
+servant in the mere matter of pandering, the blear-eyed and black-toothed
+slave, teasing a little bitch disgustingly fat, offering her pieces of
+bread and when, from sheer inability, she refuses to eat, cramming it
+down her throat, the effect of the alcohol upon Trimalchio, the little
+old lady girded round with a filthy apron, wearing clogs which were not
+mates, dragging in a huge dog on a chain, the incomparable humor in the
+passage in which Hesus, desperately seasick, sees that which makes him
+believe that even worse misfortunes are in store for him: these details
+are masterpieces of realism. The description of the night-prowling
+shyster lawyer, whose forehead is covered with sebaceous wens, is the
+very acme of propriety; our first meeting; with the poet Eumolpus is a
+beautiful study in background and perspective. Nineteen centuries have
+gone their way since this novel was written, but if we look about us we
+will be able to recognize, under the veneer of civilization, the
+originals of the Satyricon and we will find that here, in a little corner
+of the Roman world, all humanity was held in miniature. Petronius must
+be credited with the great merit of having introduced realism into the
+novel. By an inspiration of genius, he saw that the framework of
+frivolous and licentious novels could be enlarged until it took in
+contemporary custom and environment. It is that which assures for him
+an eminent place, not in Roman literature alone, but in the literature
+of the world.
+
+<p><b>a--</b>INFLUENCE OF THE SATYRICON UPON LITERATURE. The vagrant heroes of
+Petronius are the originals from whom directly, or indirectly, later
+authors drew that inspiration which resulted in the great mass of
+picaresque fiction; but, great as this is, it is not to this that the
+Satyricon owes its powerful influence upon the literature of the world.
+It is to the author's recognition of the importance of environment,
+of the vital role of inanimate surroundings as a means for bringing out
+character and imbuing his episodes and the actions of his characters with
+an air of reality and with those impulses and actions which are common to
+human experience, that his influence is due. By this, the Roman created
+a new style of writing and inaugurated a class of literature which was
+without parallel until the time of Apuleius and, in a lesser degree, of
+Lucian. This class of literature, though modified essentially from age
+to age, in keeping with the dictates of moral purity or bigotry, innocent
+or otherwise, has come to be the very stuff of which literary success in
+fiction is made. One may write a successful book without a thread of
+romance; one cannot write a successful romance without some knowledge of
+realism; the more intimate the knowledge the better the book, and it is
+frequently to this that the failure of a novel is due, although the
+critic might be at a loss to explain it. Petronius lies behind Tristram
+Shandy, his influence can be detected in Smollett, and even Fielding paid
+tribute to him.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>IV</h2>
+<br>
+<h3><a name="FORGERIES"></a>FORGERIES OF PETRONIUS.</h3>
+<br>
+<p>From the very nature of the writings of such an author as Petronius, it
+is evident that the gaps in the text would have a marked tendency to
+stimulate the curiosity of literary forgers and to tempt their sagacity,
+literary or otherwise. The recovery of the Trimalchionian episode, and
+the subsequent pamphleteering would by no means eradicate this "cacoethes
+emendandi."
+
+<p>When, circa 1650, the library of the unfortunate Nicolas Cippico yielded
+up the Trau fragment, the news of this discovery spread far and wide and
+about twelve years later, Statileo, in response to the repeated requests
+of the Venetian ambassador, Pietro Basadonna, made with his own hand a
+copy of the MS., which he sent to Basadonna. The ambassador, in turn,
+permitted this MS. to be printed by one Frambotti, a printer endowed with
+more industry than critical acumen, and the resultant textual conflation
+had much to do with the pamphlet war which followed. Had this Paduan
+printer followed the explicit directions which he received, and printed
+exactly what was given him much good paper might have been saved and a
+very interesting chapter in the history of literary forgery would
+probably never have been written. The pamphlet war did not die out until
+Bleau, in 1670-71, printed his exact reproduction of the Trau manuscript
+and the corrections introduced by that licentiousness of emendation of
+which we have spoken.
+
+<p>In October, 1690, Francois Nodot, a French soldier of fortune, a
+commissary officer who combined belles lettres and philosophy with his
+official duties, wrote to Charpentier, President of the Academy of
+France, calling, his attention to a copy of a manuscript which he (Nodot)
+possessed, and which came into his hands in the following manner: one
+Du Pin, a French officer detailed to service with Austria, had been
+present at the sack of Belgrade in 1688. That this Du Pin had, while
+there, made the acquaintance of a certain Greek renegade, having, as a
+matter of fact, stayed in the house of this renegade. The Greek's
+father, a man of some learning, had by some means come into possession of
+the MS., and Du Pin, in going through some of the books in the house, had
+come across it. He had experienced the utmost difficulty in deciphering
+the letters, and finally, driven by curiosity, had retained a copyist and
+had it copied out. That this Du Pin had this copy in his house at
+Frankfort, and that he had given Nodot to understand that if he (Nodot)
+came to Frankfort, he would be permitted to see this copy. Owing to the
+exigencies of military service, Nodot had been unable to go in person to
+Frankfort, and that he had therefore availed himself of the friendly
+interest and services of a certain merchant of Frankfort, who had
+volunteered to find an amanuensis, have a copy made, and send it to
+Nodot. This was done, and Nodot concludes his letter to Charpentier by
+requesting the latter to lay the result before the Academy and ask for
+their blessing and approval. These Nodotian Supplements were accepted as
+authentic by the Academics of Arles and Nimes, as well as by Charpentier.
+In a short time, however, the voices of scholarly skeptics began to be
+heard in the land, and accurate and unbiased criticism laid bare the
+fraud. The Latinity was attacked and exception taken to Silver Age
+prose in which was found a French police regulation which required newly
+arrived travellers to register their names in the book of a police
+officer of an Italian village of the first century. Although they are
+still retained in the text by some editors, this is done to give some
+measure of continuity to an otherwise interrupted narrative, but they can
+only serve to distort the author and obscure whatever view of him the
+reader might otherwise have reached. They are generally printed between
+brackets or in different type.
+
+<p>In 1768 another and far abler forger saw the light of day. Jose
+Marchena, a Spaniard of Jewish extraction, was destined for an
+ecclesiastical career. He received an excellent education which served
+to fortify a natural bent toward languages and historical criticism. In
+his early youth he showed a marked preference for uncanonical pursuits
+and heretical doctrines and before he had reached his thirtieth year
+prudence counseled him to prevent the consequences of his heresy and
+avoid the too pressing Inquisition by a timely flight into France.
+He arrived there in time to throw himself into the fight for liberty,
+and in 1800 we find him at Basle attached to the staff of General Moreau.
+While there he is said to have amused himself and some of his cronies by
+writing notes on what Davenport would have called "Forbidden Subjects,"
+and, as a means of publishing his erotic lucubrations, he constructed
+this fragment, which brings in those topics on which he had enlarged.
+He translated the fragment into French, attached his notes, and issued
+the book. There is another story to the effect that he had been
+reprimanded by Moreau for having written a loose song and that he
+exculpated himself by assuring the general that it was but a new fragment
+of Petronius which he had translated. Two days later he had the fragment
+ready to prove his contention.
+
+<p>This is the account given by his Spanish biographer. In his preface,
+dedicated to the Army of the Rhine, he states that he found the fragment
+in a manuscript of the work of St. Gennadius on the Duties of Priests,
+probably of the XI Century. A close examination revealed the fact that
+it was a palimpsest which, after treatment, permitted the restoration of
+this fragment. It is supposed to supply the gap in Chapter 26 after the
+word "verberabant."
+
+<p>Its obscenity outrivals that of the preceding text, and the grammar,
+style, and curiosa felicitas Petroniana make it an almost perfect
+imitation. There is no internal evidence of forgery. If the text is
+closely scrutinized it will be seen that it is composed of words and
+expressions taken from various parts of the Satyricon, "and that in every
+line it has exactly the Petronian turn of phrase."
+
+<p>"Not only is the original edition unprocurable," to quote again from
+Mr. Gaselee's invaluable bibliography, "but the reprint at Soleure
+(Brussels), 1865, consisted of only 120 copies, and is hard to find.
+The most accessible place for English readers is in Bohn's translation,
+in which, however, only the Latin text is given; and the notes were a
+most important part of the original work."
+
+<p>These notes, humorously and perhaps sarcastically ascribed to Lallemand,
+Sanctae Theologiae Doctor, "are six in number (all on various forms of
+vice); and show great knowledge, classical and sociological, of unsavory
+subjects. Now that the book is too rare to do us any harm, we may admit
+that the pastiche was not only highly amusing, but showed a perverse
+cleverness amounting almost to genius."
+
+<p>Marchena died at Madrid in great poverty in 1821. A contemporary has
+described him as being rather short and heavy set in figure, of great
+frontal development, and vain beyond belief. He considered himself
+invincible where women were concerned. He had a peculiar predilection
+in the choice of animal pets and was an object of fear and curiosity
+to the towns people. His forgery might have been completely successful
+had he not acknowledged it himself within two or three years after the
+publication of his brochure. The fragment will remain a permanent
+tribute to the excellence of his scholarship, but it is his Ode to Christ
+Crucified which has made him more generally known, and it is one of the
+ironies of fate that caused this deformed giant of sarcasm to compose a
+poem of such tender and touching piety.
+
+<p>Very little is known about Don Joe Antonio Gonzalez de Salas, whose
+connecting passages, with the exception of one which is irrelevant, are
+here included.
+
+<p>The learned editors of the Spanish encyclopedia naively preface their
+brief sketch with the following assertion: "no tenemos noticias de su
+vida." De Salas was born in 1588 and died in 1654. His edition of
+Petronius was first issued in 1629 and re-issued in 1643 with a copper
+plate of the Editor. The Paris edition, from which he says he supplied
+certain deficiencies in the text, is unknown to bibliographers and is
+supposed to be fictitious.
+
+<p>To distinguish the spurious passages, as a point of interest, in the
+present edition, the forgeries of Nodot are printed within round
+brackets, the forgery of Marchena within square brackets, and the
+additions of De Salas in italics {In this PG etext in curly brackets}.
+
+<p>The work is also accompanied by a translation of the six notes, the
+composition of which led Marchena to forge the fragment which first
+appeared in the year 1800. These have never before been translated.
+
+<p>Thanks are due Ralph Straus, Esq., and Professor Stephen Gaselee.
+<br>
+<hr>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center>
+ <h1><a name="THE SATYRICON"></a>THE SATYRICON OF</h1>
+ <h1>PETRONIUS ARBITER</h1>
+</center>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><i><b>BRACKET CODE:</b></i></p>
+<p><i>(Forgeries of Nodot)</i></p>
+<p><i>[Forgeries of Marchena]</i></p>
+<p><i>{Additions of De Salas}</i></p>
+<p><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DW</i></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+
+<center>
+<h1><a name="VOLUME_I."></a>VOLUME I.</h1>
+<h1>ADVENTURES OF ENCOLPIUS AND HIS COMPANIONS</h1>
+</center>
+
+<br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FIRST.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>(It has been so long; since I promised you the story of my adventures,
+that I have decided to make good my word today; and, seeing that we have
+thus fortunately met, not to discuss scientific matters alone, but also
+to enliven our jolly conversation with witty stories. Fabricius Veiento
+has already spoken very cleverly on the errors committed in the name of
+religion, and shown how priests, animated by an hypocritical mania for
+prophecy, boldly expound mysteries which are too often such to
+themselves. But) are our rhetoricians tormented by another species of
+Furies when they cry, "I received these wounds while fighting for the
+public liberty; I lost this eye in your defense: give me a guide who will
+lead me to my children, my limbs are hamstrung and will not hold me up!"
+Even these heroics could be endured if they made easier the road to
+eloquence; but as it is, their sole gain from this ferment of matter and
+empty discord of words is, that when they step into the Forum, they think
+they have been carried into another world. And it is my conviction that
+the schools are responsible for the gross foolishness of our young men,
+because, in them, they see or hear nothing at all of the affairs of
+every-day life, but only pirates standing in chains upon the shore,
+tyrants scribbling edicts in which sons are ordered to behead their own
+fathers; responses from oracles, delivered in time of pestilence,
+ordering the immolation of three or more virgins; every word a honied
+drop, every period sprinkled with poppy-seed and sesame.
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SECOND.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Those who are brought up on such a diet can no more attain to wisdom than
+a kitchen scullion can attain to a keen sense of smell or avoid stinking
+of the grease. With your indulgence, I will speak out: you--teachers--are chiefly
+responsible for the decay of oratory. With your well
+modulated and empty tones you have so labored for rhetorical effect that
+the body of your speech has lost its vigor and died. Young men did not
+learn set speeches in the days when Sophocles and Euripides were
+searching for words in which to express themselves. In the days when
+Pindar and the nine lyric poets feared to attempt Homeric verse there was
+no private tutor to stifle budding genius. I need not cite the poets for
+evidence, for I do not find that either Plato or Demosthenes was given
+to this kind of exercise. A dignified and, if I may say it, a chaste,
+style, is neither elaborate nor loaded with ornament; it rises supreme by
+its own natural purity. This windy and high-sounding bombast, a recent
+immigrant to Athens, from Asia, touched with its breath the aspiring
+minds of youth, with the effect of some pestilential planet, and as soon
+as the tradition of the past was broken, eloquence halted and was
+stricken dumb. Since that, who has attained to the sublimity of
+Thucydides, who rivalled the fame of Hyperides? Not a single poem
+has glowed with a healthy color, but all of them, as though nourished
+on the same diet, lacked the strength to live to old age. Painting
+also suffered the same fate when the presumption of the Egyptians
+"commercialized" that incomparable art. (I was holding forth along these
+lines one day, when Agamemnon came up to us and scanned with a curious
+eye a person to whom the audience was listening so closely.)
+
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE THIRD.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>He would not permit me to declaim longer in the portico than he himself
+had sweat in the school, but exclaimed, "Your sentiments do not reflect
+the public taste, young man, and you are a lover of common sense, which
+is still more unusual. For that reason, I will not deceive you as to the
+secrets of my profession. The teachers, who must gibber with lunatics,
+are by no means to blame for these exercises. Unless they spoke in
+accordance with the dictates of their young pupils, they would, as Cicero
+remarks, be left alone in the schools! And, as designing parasites, when
+they seek invitations to the tables of the rich, have in mind nothing
+except what will, in their opinion, be most acceptable to their audience
+--for in no other way can they secure their ends, save by setting snares
+for the ears--so it is with the teachers of rhetoric, they might be
+compared with the fisherman, who, unless he baits his hook with what he
+knows is most appetizing to the little fish, may wait all day upon some
+rock, without the hope of a catch."
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p006"></a><img alt="p006.jpg (84K)" src="images/p006.jpg" height="915" width="623"></center>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FOURTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>What, then, is there to do? The parents who are unwilling to permit
+their children to undergo a course of training under strict discipline,
+are the ones who deserve the reproof. In the first place, everything
+they possess, including the children, is devoted to ambition. Then, that
+their wishes may the more quickly be realized, they drive these unripe
+scholars into the forum, and the profession of eloquence, than which none
+is considered nobler, devolves upon boys who are still in the act of
+being born! If, however, they would permit a graded course of study to
+be prescribed, in order that studious boys might ripen their minds by
+diligent reading; balance their judgment by precepts of wisdom, correct
+their compositions with an unsparing pen, hear at length what they ought
+to imitate, and be convinced that nothing can be sublime when it is
+designed to catch the fancy of boys, then the grand style of oratory
+would immediately recover the weight and splendor of its majesty. Now
+the boys play in the schools, the young men are laughed at in the forum,
+and, a worse symptom than either, no one, in his old age, will confess
+the errors he was taught in his school days. But that you may not
+imagine that I disapprove of a jingle in the Lucilian manner, I will
+deliver my opinions in verse,--
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FIFTH.</h2>
+<br>
+
+<blockquote>
+
+
+<br> "The man who emerges with fame, from the school of stern art,
+
+<br> Whose mind gropes for lofty ideals, to bring them to light,
+
+<br> Must first, under rigid frugality, study his part;
+
+<br> Nor yearn for the courts of proud princes who frown in their might:
+
+<br> Nor scheme with the riff-raf, a client in order to dine,
+
+<br> Nor can he with evil companions his wit drown in wine
+
+<br> Nor sit, as a hireling, applauding an actor's grimace.
+
+<br> But, whether the fortress of arms-bearing Tritonis smile
+
+<br> Upon him, or land which the Spartan colonials grace,
+
+<br> Or home of the sirens, with poetry let him beguile
+
+<br> The years of young manhood, and at the Maeonian spring
+
+<br> His fortunate soul drink its fill: Then, when later, the lore
+
+<br> Of Socrates' school he has mastered, the reins let him fling,
+
+<br> And brandish the weapons that mighty Demosthenes bore.
+
+<br> Then, steeped in the culture and music of Greece, let his taste
+
+<br> Be ripened and mellowed by all the great writers of Rome.
+
+<br> At first, let him haunt not the courts; let his pages be graced
+
+<br> By ringing and rhythmic effusions composed in his home
+
+<br> Next, banquets and wars be his theme, sung in soul-stirring chant,
+
+<br> In eloquent words such as undaunted Cicero chose.
+
+<br> Come! Gird up thy soul! Inspiration will then force a vent
+
+<br> And rush in a flood from a heart that is loved by the muse!"
+</blockquote>
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SIXTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>I was listening so attentively to this speech that I did not notice the
+flight of Ascyltos, and while I was pacing the gardens, engulfed in this
+flood-tide of rhetoric, a large crowd of students came out upon the
+portico, having, it would seem, just listened to an extemporaneous
+declamation, of I know not whom, the speaker of which had taken
+exceptions to the speech of Agamemnon. While, therefore, the young men
+were making fun of the sentiments of this last speaker, and criticizing
+the arrangement of the whole speech, I seized the opportunity and went
+after Ascyltos, on the run; but, as I neither held strictly to the road,
+nor knew where the inn was located, wherever I went, I kept coming back
+to the same place, until, worn out with running, and long since dripping
+with sweat, I approached a certain little old woman who sold country
+vegetables.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p010"></a><img alt="p010.jpg (82K)" src="images/p010.jpg" height="787" width="599"></center>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SEVENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>"Please, mother," I wheedled, "you don't know where I lodge, do you?"
+Delighted with such humorous affability, "What's the reason I don't" she
+replied, and getting upon her feet, she commenced to walk ahead of me. I
+took her for a prophetess until, when presently we came to a more obscure
+quarter, the affable old lady pushed aside a crazy-quilt and remarked,
+"Here's where you ought to live," and when I denied that I recognized the
+house, I saw some men prowling stealthily between the rows of name-boards
+and naked prostitutes. Too late I realized that I had been led into a
+brothel. After cursing the wiles of the little old hag, I covered my
+head and commenced to run through the middle of the night-house to the
+exit opposite, when, lo and behold! whom should I meet on the very
+threshold but Ascyltos himself, as tired as I was, and almost dead; you
+would have thought that he had been brought by the self-same little old
+hag! I smiled at that, greeted him cordially, and asked him what he was
+doing in such a scandalous place.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE EIGHTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Wiping away the sweat with his hands, he replied, "If you only knew what
+I have gone through!" "What was it?" I demanded. "A most respectable
+looking person came up to me," he made reply, "while I was wandering all
+over the town and could not find where I had left my inn, and very
+graciously offered to guide me. He led me through some very dark and
+crooked alleys, to this place, pulled out his tool, and commenced to beg
+me to comply with his appetite. A whore had already vacated her cell for
+an as, and he had laid hands upon me, and, but for the fact that I was
+the stronger, I would have been compelled to take my medicine." (While
+Ascyltos was telling me of his bad luck, who should come up again but
+this same very respectable looking person, in company with a woman not at
+all bad looking, and, looking at Ascyltos, he requested him to enter the
+house, assuring him that there was nothing to fear, and, since he was
+unwilling to take the passive part, he should have the active. The
+woman, on her part, urged me very persistently to accompany her, so we
+followed the couple, at last, and were conducted between the rows of
+name-boards, where we saw, in cells, many persons of each sex amusing
+themselves in such a manner) that it seemed to me that every one of them
+must have been drinking satyrion. (On catching sight of us, they
+attempted to seduce us with paederastic wantonness, and one wretch, with
+his clothes girded up, assaulted Ascyltos, and, having thrown him down
+upon a couch, attempted to gore him from above. I succored the sufferer
+immediately, however,) and having joined forces, we defied the
+troublesome wretch. (Ascyltos ran out of the house and took to his
+heels, leaving me as the object of their lewd attacks, but the crowd,
+finding me the stronger in body and purpose, let me go unharmed.)
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p012"></a><img alt="p012.jpg (88K)" src="images/p012.jpg" height="901" width="565">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE NINTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>(After having tramped nearly all over the city,) I caught sight of Giton,
+as though through a fog, standing at the end of the street, (on the very
+threshold of the inn,) and I hastened to the same place. When I inquired
+whether my "brother" had prepared anything for breakfast, the boy sat
+down upon the bed and wiped away the trickling tears with his thumb.
+I was greatly disturbed by such conduct on the part of my "brother," and
+demanded to be told what had happened. After I had mingled threats with
+entreaties, he answered slowly and against his will, "That brother or
+comrade of yours rushed into the room a little while ago and commenced to
+attempt my virtue by force. When I screamed, he pulled out his tool and
+gritted out--If you're a Lucretia, you've found your Tarquin!" When I
+heard this, I shook my fists in Ascyltos' face, "What have you to say for
+yourself," I snarled, "you rutting pathic harlot, whose very breath is
+infected?" Ascyltos pretended to bristle up and, shaking his fists more
+boldly still, he roared: "Won't you keep quiet, you filthy gladiator, you
+who escaped from the criminal's cage in the amphitheatre to which you
+were condemned (for the murder of your host?) Won't you hold your
+tongue, you nocturnal assassin, who, even when you swived it bravely,
+never entered the lists with a decent woman in your life? Was I not a
+'brother' to you in the pleasure-garden, in the same sense as that in
+which this boy now is in this lodging-house?" "You sneaked away from the
+master's lecture," I objected.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>"What should I have done, you triple fool, when I was
+dying of hunger? I suppose I should have listened to opinions as much to
+the purpose as the tinkle of broken glass or the interpretation of
+dreams. By Hercules, you are much more deserving of censure than I, you
+who will flatter a poet so as to get an invitation to dinner!" Then we
+laughed ourselves out of a most disgraceful quarrel, and approached more
+peaceably whatever remained to be done. But the remembrance of that
+injury recurred to my mind and, "Ascyltos," I said, "I know we shall not
+be able to agree, so let us divide our little packs of common stock and
+try to defeat our poverty by our individual efforts. Both you and I know
+letters, but that I may not stand in the way of any undertaking of yours,
+I will take up some other profession. Otherwise, a thousand trifles will
+bring us into daily collision and furnish cause for gossip through the
+whole town." Ascyltos made no objection to this, but merely remarked,
+"As we, in our capacity of scholars, have accepted an invitation to
+dinner, for this date, let us not lose our night. Since it seems to be
+the graceful thing to do, I will look out for another lodging and another
+'brother,' tomorrow." "Deferred pleasures are a long time coming,"
+I sighed. It was lust that made this separation so hasty, for I had, for
+a long time, wished to be rid of a troublesome chaperon, so that I could
+resume my old relations with my Giton. (Bearing this affront with
+difficulty, Ascyltos rushed from the room, without uttering a word.
+Such a headlong outburst augured badly, for I well knew his ungovernable
+temper and his unbridled passion. On this account, I followed him out,
+desirous of fathoming his designs and of preventing their consequences,
+but he hid himself skillfully from my eyes, and all in vain, I searched
+for him for a long time.)
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p020"></a><img alt="p020.jpg (79K)" src="images/p020.jpg" height="713" width="605">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE ELEVENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>After having had the whole town under my eyes, I returned to the little
+room and, having claimed the kisses which were mine in good faith, I
+encircled the boy in the closest of embraces and enjoyed the effect of
+our happy vows to a point that might be envied. Nor had all the
+ceremonies been completed, when Ascyltos stole stealthily up to the
+outside of the door and, violently wrenching off the bars, burst in upon
+me, toying with my "brother." He filled the little room with his
+laughter and hand-clapping, pulled away the cloak which covered us, "What
+are you up to now, most sanctimonious 'brother'?" he jeered. "What's
+going on here, a blanket-wedding?" Nor did he confine himself to words,
+but, pulling the strap off his bag, he began to lash me very thoroughly,
+interjecting sarcasms the while, "This is the way you would share with
+your comrade, is it!" (The unexpectedness of the thing compelled me to
+endure the blows in silence and to put up with the abuse, so I smiled at
+my calamity, and very prudently, too, as otherwise I should have been put
+to the necessity of fighting with a rival. My pretended good humor
+soothed his anger, and at last, Ascyltos smiled as well. "See here,
+Encolpius," he said, "are you so engrossed with your debaucheries that
+you do not realize that our money is gone, and that what we have left is
+of no value? In the summer, times are bad in the city. The country is
+luckier, let's go and visit our friends." Necessity compelled the
+approval of this plan, and the repression of any sense of injury as well,
+so, loading Giton with our packs, we left the city and hastened to the
+country-seat of Lycurgus, a Roman knight. Inasmuch as Ascyltos has
+formerly served him in the capacity of "brother," he received us royally,
+and the company there assembled, rendered our stay still more delightful.
+In the first place, there was Tryphaena, a most beautiful woman, who had
+come in company with Lycas, the master of a vessel and owner of estates
+near the seashore. Although Lycurgus kept a frugal table, the pleasures
+we enjoyed in this most enchanting spot cannot be described in words.
+Of course you know that Venus joined us all up, as quickly as possible.
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p024"></a><img alt="p024.jpg (43K)" src="images/p024.jpg" height="927" width="449">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p>The lovely Tryphaena pleased my taste, and listened willingly to my vows,
+but hardly had I had time to enjoy her favors when Lycas, in a towering
+rage because his preserves had been secretly invaded, demanded that I
+indemnify him in her stead. She was an old flame of his, so he broached
+the subject of a mutual exchange of favors. Burning with lust, he
+pressed his suit, but Tryphaena possessed my heart, and I said Lycas nay.
+By refusal, however, he was only made more ardent, followed me
+everywhere, entered my room at night, and, after his entreaties had met
+with contempt, he had recourse to violence against me, at which I yelled
+so lustily that I aroused the entire household, and, by the help of
+Lycurgus, I was delivered from the troublesome assault and escaped. At
+last, perceiving that the house of Lycurgus was not suitable to the
+prosecution of his design, he attempted to persuade me to seek his
+hospitality, and when his suggestion was refused, he made use of
+Tryphaena's influence over me. She besought me to comply with Lycas'
+desires, and she did this all the more readily as by that she hoped to
+gain more liberty of action. With affairs in this posture, I follow my
+love, but Lycurgus, who had renewed his old relations with Ascyltos,
+would not permit him to leave, so it was decided that he should remain
+with Lycurgus, but that we would accompany Lycas. Nevertheless, we had
+it understood among ourselves that whenever the opportunity presented
+itself, we would each pilfer whatever we could lay hands upon, for the
+betterment of the common stock. Lycas was highly delighted with my
+acceptance of his invitation and hastened our departure, so, bidding our
+friends good-bye, we arrived at his place on the very same day. Lycas
+had so arranged matters that, on the journey, he sat beside me, while
+Tryphaena was next to Giton, the reason for this being his knowledge
+of the woman's notorious inconstancy; nor was he deceived, for she
+immediately fell in love with the boy, and I easily perceived it.
+In addition, Lycas took the trouble of calling my attention to the
+situation, and laid stress upon the truth of what we saw. On this
+account, I received his advances more graciously, at which he was
+overjoyed. He was certain that contempt would be engendered from the
+inconstancy of my "sister," with the result that, being piqued at
+Tryphaena, I would all the more freely receive his advances. Now this
+was the state of affairs at the house of Lycas, Tryphaena was desperately
+in love with Giton, Giton's whole soul was aflame for her, neither of
+them was a pleasing sight to my eyes, and Lycas, studying to please me,
+arranged novel entertainments each day, which Doris, his lovely wife,
+seconded to the best of her ability, and so gracefully that she soon
+expelled Tryphaena from my heart. A wink of the eye acquainted Doris of
+my passion, a coquettish glance informed me of the state of her heart,
+and this silent language, anticipating the office of the tongue, secretly
+expressed that longing of our souls which we had both experienced at the
+same instant. The jealousy of Lycas, already well known to me, was the
+cause of my silence, but love itself revealed to the wife the designs
+which Lycas had upon me. At our first opportunity of exchanging
+confidences, she revealed to me what she had discovered and I candidly
+confessed, telling her of the coldness with which I had always met his
+advances. The far-sighted woman remarked that it would be necessary for
+us to use our wits. It turned out that her advice was sound, for I soon
+found out that complacency to the one meant possession of the other.
+Giton, in the meantime, was recruiting his exhausted strength, and
+Tryphaena turned her attention to me, but, meeting with a repulse, she
+flounced out in a rage. The next thing this burning harlot did was to
+discover my commerce with both husband and wife. As for his wantonness
+with me, she flung that aside, as by it she lost nothing, but she fell
+upon the secret gratifications of Doris and made them known to Lycas,
+who, his jealousy proving stronger than his lust, took steps to get
+revenge. Doris, however, forewarned by Tryphaena's maid, looked out
+for squalls and held aloof from any secret assignations. When I became
+aware of all this, I heartily cursed the perfidy of Tryphaena and the
+ungrateful soul of Lycas, and made up my mind to be gone. Fortune
+favored me, as it turned out, for a vessel sacred to Isis and laden with
+prize-money had, only the day before, run upon the rocks in the vicinity.
+After holding a consultation with Giton, at which he gladly gave consent
+to my plan, as Tryphaena visibly neglected him after having sapped his
+virility, we hastened to the sea-shore early on the following morning,
+and boarded the wreck, a thing easy of accomplishment as the watchmen,
+who were in the pay of Lycas, knew us well. But they were so attentive
+to us that there was no opportunity of stealing a thing until, having
+left Giton with them, I craftily slipped out of sight and sneaked aft
+where the statue of Isis stood, and despoiled it of a valuable mantle and
+a silver sistrum. From the master's cabin, I also pilfered other
+valuable trifles and, stealthily sliding down a rope, went ashore. Giton
+was the only one who saw me and he evaded the watchmen and slipped away
+after me. I showed him the plunder, when he joined me, and we decided
+to post with all speed to Ascyltos, but we did not arrive at the home of
+Lycurgus until the following day. In a few words I told Ascyltos of the
+robbery, when he joined us, and of our unfortunate love-affairs as well.
+He was for prepossessing the mind of Lycurgus in our favor, naming the
+increasing wantonness of Lycas as the cause of our secret and sudden
+change of habitation. When Lycurgus had heard everything, he swore
+that he would always be a tower of strength between us and our enemies.
+Until Tryphaena and Doris were awake and out of bed, our flight remained
+undiscovered, for we paid them the homage of a daily attendance at the
+morning toilette. When our unwonted absence was noted, Lycas sent out
+runners to comb the sea-shore, for he suspected that we had been to the
+wreck, but he was still unaware of the robbery, which was yet unknown
+because the stern of the wreck was lying away from the beach, and the
+master had not, as yet, gone back aboard. Lycas flew into a towering
+rage when our flight was established for certain, and railed bitterly at
+Doris, whom he considered as the moving factor in it. Of the hard words
+and the beating he gave her I will say nothing, for the particulars are
+not known to me, but I will affirm that Tryphaena, who was the sole cause
+of the unpleasantness, persuaded Lycas to hunt for his fugitives in the
+house of Lycurgus, which was our most probable sanctuary. She
+volunteered to accompany him in person, so that she could load us with
+the abuse which we deserved at her hands. They set out on the following
+day and arrived at the estate of Lycurgus, but we were not there, for he
+had taken us to a neighboring town to attend the feast of Hercules, which
+was there being celebrated. As soon as they found out about this, they
+hastened to take to the road and ran right into us in the portico of the
+temple. At sight of them, we were greatly put out, and Lycas held forth
+violently to Lycurgus, upon the subject of our flight, but he was met
+with raised eyebrows and such a scowling forehead that I plucked up
+courage and, in a loud voice, passed judgment upon his lewd and base
+attempts and assaults upon me, not in the house of Lycurgus alone, but
+even under his own roof: and as for the meddling Tryphaena, she received
+her just deserts, for, at great length, I described her moral turpitude
+to the crowd, our altercation had caused a mob to collect, and, to give
+weight to my argument, I pointed to limber-hamed Giton, drained dry, as
+it were, and to myself, reduced almost to skin and bones by the raging
+lust of that nymphomaniac harlot. So humiliated were our enemies by the
+guffaws of the mob, that in gloomy ill-humor they beat a retreat to plot
+revenge. As they perceived that we had prepossessed the mind of Lycurgus
+in our favor, they decided to await his return, at his estate, in order
+that they might wean him away from his misapprehension. As the
+solemnities did not draw to a close until late at night, we could not
+reach Lycurgus' country place, so he conducted us to a villa of his,
+situated near the halfway point of the journey, and, leaving us to sleep
+there until the next day, he set off for his estate for the purpose of
+transacting some business. Upon his arrival, he found Lycas and
+Tryphaena awaiting him, and they stated their case so diplomatically that
+they prevailed upon him to deliver us into their hands. Lycurgus, cruel
+by nature and incapable of keeping his word, was by this time striving to
+hit upon the best method of betraying us, and to that end, he persuaded
+Lycas to go for help, while he himself returned to the villa and had us
+put under guard. To the villa he came, and greeted us with a scowl as
+black as any Lycas himself had ever achieved, clenching his fists again
+and again, he charged us with having lied about Lycas, and, turning
+Ascyltos out, he gave orders that we were to be kept confined to the room
+in which we had retired to rest. Nor would he hear a word in our
+defense, from Ascyltos, but, taking the latter with him, he returned to
+his estate, reiterating his orders relative to our confinement, which was
+to last until his return. On the way back, Ascyltos vainly essayed to
+break down Lycurgus' determination, but neither prayers nor caresses, nor
+even tears could move him. Thereupon my "brother" conceived the design
+of freeing us from our chains, and, antagonized by the stubbornness of
+Lycurgus, he positively refused to sleep with him, and through this he
+was in a better position to carry out the plan which he had thought out.
+When the entire household was buried in its first sleep, Ascyltos loaded
+our little packs upon his back and slipped out through a breach in the
+wall, which he had previously noted, arriving at the villa with the dawn.
+He gained entrance without opposition and found his way to our room,
+which the guards had taken the precaution to bar. It was easy to force
+an entrance, as the fastening was made of wood, which same he pried off
+with a piece of iron. The fall of the lock roused us, for we were
+snoring away, in spite of our unfortunate situation. On account of the
+long vigil, the guard was in such a deep sleep that we alone were wakened
+by the crashing fall of the lock, and Ascyltos, coming in, told us in a
+few words what he had done for us; but as far as that goes, not many were
+necessary. We were hurriedly dressing, when I was seized with the notion
+of killing the guard and stripping the place. This plan I confided to
+Ascyltos, who approved of the looting, but pointed out a more desirable
+solution without bloodshed: knowing all the crooks and turns, as he did,
+he led us to a store-room which he opened. We gathered up all that was
+of value and sallied forth while it was yet early in the morning.
+Shunning the public roads; we could not rest until we believed ourselves
+safe from pursuit. Ascyltos, when he had caught his breath, gloatingly
+exulted of the pleasure which the looting of a villa belonging to
+Lycurgus, a superlatively avaricious man, afforded him: he complained,
+with justice of his parsimony, affirming that he himself had received no
+reward for his k-nightly services, that he had been kept at a dry table
+and on a skimpy ration of food. This Lycurgus was so stingy that he
+denied himself even the necessities of life, his immense wealth to the
+contrary notwithstanding.)
+
+<blockquote>
+
+<br> The tortured Tantalus still stands, to parch in his shifting pool,
+
+<br> And starve, when fruit sways just beyond his grasp:
+
+<br> The image of the miser rich, when his avaricious soul
+
+<br> Robs him of food and drink, in Plenty's clasp.
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>(Ascyltos was for going to Naples that same day, but I protested the
+imprudence of going to any place where they would be on the lookout for
+us. "Let's absent ourselves, for a while, and travel in the country. We
+are well supplied with means." This advice took his fancy and we set out
+for a part of the country noted for the beauty of its estates, and where
+not a few of our acquaintances were enjoying the sports of the season.
+Scarcely had we covered half the distance, however, before it began to
+pour down rain by the bucketful, compelling us to run for the nearest
+village. Upon entering the inn, we noticed many other wayfarers, who had
+put up there to escape the storm. The jam prevented our being watched,
+and at the same time made it easier for us to pry about with curious
+eyes, on the alert for something to appropriate. Ascyltos, unseen by
+anyone, picked up off the ground a little pouch in which he found some
+gold pieces. We were overjoyed with this auspicious beginning, but,
+fearing that some one would miss the gold, we stealthily slipped out by
+the back door. A slave, who was saddling a horse in the courtyard,
+suddenly left his work and went into the house, as if he had forgotten
+something, and while he was gone I appropriated a superb mantle which was
+tied fast to the saddle, by untying the thongs, then, utilizing a row of
+outbuildings for cover, we made off into the nearest wood. When we had
+reached the depths of the grove, where we were in safety, we thoroughly
+discussed the surest method of secreting our gold, so that we would
+neither be accused of robbery nor robbed ourselves, and we finally
+decided to sew it into the hem of a ragged tunic, which I threw over my
+shoulders, after having turned the mantle over to Ascyltos for
+safekeeping; we then made ready to start for the city via the
+unfrequented roads. We were just about to emerge from the shelter of
+the wood when we heard, from somewhere on our left, "They can't get away,
+they came into this wood; let's spread out and beat, and they will easily
+be caught!" On hearing this, we were thrown into such a terrible fright
+that Ascyltos and Giton dashed away city-ward, through the underbrush,
+and I retreated in such a hurry that the precious tunic slipped off my
+shoulders without my knowing it. At last, completely fagged out, and
+unable to take another step, I lay down under a tree, and there I first
+became aware of the loss of the tunic. Chagrin restored my strength and
+I leaped to my feet to look for the treasure, and for a long time I beat
+around in vain. Worn out with work and vexation, I forced my way into
+the thickest part of the grove and remained there for four mortal hours,
+but at last, bored to extinction by the horrible solitude, I sought a way
+out. As I went ahead, I caught sight of a peasant; then I had need of
+all my nerve, and it did not fail me. Marching boldly up to him, I asked
+my way to the city, complaining that I had been lost in the wood for
+several hours. Seeing my condition, he took pity upon me, for I was
+covered with mud and paler than death, and asked me whether I had seen
+anyone in the place. "Not a soul," I replied, whereupon he kindly
+conducted me to the high road, where he met two of his companions, who
+informed him that they had beaten along every path in the forest without
+having found anything except a tunic, which they showed him. As may be
+readily supposed, I did not have the audacity to claim it, though well
+aware of its value, and my chagrin became almost insupportable as I
+vented many a groaning curse over my lost treasure. The peasants paid
+no attention to me, and I was gradually left behind, as my weakness
+increased my pace decreased. For this reason, it was late when I reached
+the city, and, entering the inn, beheld Ascyltos, stretched out, half
+dead, upon a cot. Too far gone to utter a single syllable, I threw
+myself upon another. Ascyltos became greatly excited at not seeing the
+tunic which he had entrusted to me, demanding it insistently, but I was
+so weak that my voice refused its office and I permitted the apathy of my
+eyes to answer his demand, then, by and by, regaining my strength little
+by little, I related the whole affair to Ascyltos, in every detail. He
+thought that I was joking, and although my testimony was fortified by a
+copious flood of tears, it could easily be seen that he remained
+unconvinced, believing that I wanted to cheat him out of the gold.
+Giton, who was standing by during all this, was as downcast as myself,
+and the suffering of the lad only served to increase my own vexation, but
+the thing which bothered me most of all, was the painstaking search which
+was being made for us; I told Ascyltos of this, but he only laughed it
+off, as he had so happily extricated himself from the scrape. He was
+convinced that, as we were unknown and as no one had seen us, we were
+perfectly safe. We decided, nevertheless, to feign sickness, and to keep
+to our room as long as possible; but, before we knew it, our money ran
+out, and spurred by necessity we were forced to go abroad and sell some
+of our plunder.)
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWELFTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Twilight was falling, as we entered the market-place, in which we noticed
+a quantity of things for sale, not any of much value, it is true, but
+such as could be disposed of to the best advantage when the semi-darkness
+would serve to hide their doubtful origin. As we had brought our stolen
+mantle, we proceeded to make use of so favorable an opportunity, and, in
+a secluded spot, displayed a corner of it, hoping the splendid garment
+would attract some purchaser. Nor was it long before a certain peasant,
+whose face was familiar to my eyes, came up, accompanied by a young
+woman, and began to examine the garment very closely. Ascyltos, in turn,
+cast a glance at the shoulders of our rustic customer, and was instantly
+struck dumb with astonishment. Nor could I myself look upon this man
+without some emotion, for he seemed to be the identical person who had
+picked up the ragged tunic in the lonely wood, and, as a matter of fact,
+he was! Ascyltos, afraid to believe the evidence of his own eyes for
+fear of doing something rash, approached the man, as a prospective buyer,
+took the hem of the tunic from the rustic's shoulders, and felt it
+thoroughly.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE THIRTEENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Oh wonderful stroke of Fortune! The peasant had not yet laid his
+meddling hands upon the seams, but was scornfully offering the thing for
+sale, as though it had been the leavings of some beggar. When Ascyltos
+had assured himself that the hoard was intact, and had taken note of the
+social status of the seller, he led me a little aside from the crowd and
+said, "Do you know, 'brother,' that the treasure about which I was so
+worked up has come back to us? That is the little tunic, and it seems
+that the gold pieces are still untouched. What ought we to do, and how
+shall we make good our claim?" I was overjoyed, not so much at seeing
+our booty, as I was for the reason that Fortune had released me from a
+very ugly suspicion. I was opposed to doing anything by devious methods,
+thinking that should he prove unwilling to restore to the proper owner an
+article not his own, it ought to come to a civil action and a judgment
+secured.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FOURTEENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Not so Ascyltos, who was afraid of the law, and demurred, "Who knows us
+here? Who will place any credence in anything we say? It seems to me
+that it would be better to buy, ours though it is, and we know it, and
+recover the treasure at small cost, rather than to engage in a doubtful
+lawsuit."
+
+<blockquote>
+
+<br> Of what avail are any laws, where money rules alone,
+
+<br> Where Poverty can never win its cases?
+
+<br> Detractors of the times, who bear the Cynic's scrip, are known
+
+<br> To often sell the truth, and keep their faces!
+
+<br> So Justice is at public auction bought,
+
+<br> The knight gives judgement as Gold says he ought.
+
+
+</blockquote>
+<p>But, with the exception of a two-as piece with which we had intended
+purchasing peas and lupines, there was nothing to hand; so, for fear our
+loot should escape us in the interim, we resolved to appraise the mantle
+at less, and, through a small sacrifice, secure a greater profit.
+Accordingly, we spread it out, and the young woman of the covered head,
+who was standing by the peasant's side, narrowly inspected the markings,
+seized the hem with both hands, and screamed "Thieves!" at the top of her
+voice. We were greatly disconcerted at this and, for fear that
+inactivity on our part should seem to lend color to her charges, we
+laid hold of the dirty ragged tunic, in our turn, and shouted with equal
+spite, that this was our property which they had in their possession; but
+our cases were by no means on an equality, and the hucksters who had
+crowded around us at the uproar, laughed at our spiteful claim, and very
+naturally, too, since one side laid claim to a very valuable mantle,
+while the other demanded a rag which was not worth a good patch.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FIFTEENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Ascyltos, when he had secured silence, adroitly put a stop to their
+laughter by exclaiming, "We can see that each puts the greater value upon
+his own property. Let them return our tunic to us, and take back their
+mantle!" This exchange was satisfactory enough to the peasant and the
+young woman, but some night-prowling shyster lawyers, who wished to get
+possession of the mantle for their own profit, demanded that both
+articles be deposited with them, and the judge could look into the case
+on the morrow, for it would appear that the ownership of the articles was
+not so much to the point as was the suspicion of robbery that attached
+to both sides. The question of sequestration arose, and one of the
+hucksters, I do not remember which, but he was bald, and his forehead was
+covered with sebaceous wens, and he sometimes did odd jobs for the
+lawyers, seized the mantle and vowed that HE would see to it that it was
+produced at the proper time and place, but it was easily apparent that he
+desired nothing but that the garment should be deposited with thieves,
+and vanish; thinking that we would be afraid to appear as claimants for
+fear of being charged with crime. As far as we were concerned, we were
+as willing as he, and Fortune aided the cause of each of us, for the
+peasant, infuriated at our demand that his rags be shown in public, threw
+the tunic in Ascyltos' face, released us from responsibility, and
+demanded that the mantle, which was the only object of litigation, be
+sequestered. As we thought we had recovered our treasure, we returned
+hurriedly to the inn, and fastening the door, we had a good laugh at the
+shrewdness of the hucksters, and not less so at that of our enemies, for
+by it they had returned our money to us. (While we were unstitching the
+tunic to get at the gold pieces, we overheard some one quizzing the
+innkeeper as to what kind of people those were, who had just entered his
+house. Alarmed at this inquiry, I went down, when the questioner had
+gone, to find out what was the matter, and learned that the praetor's
+lictor, whose duty it was to see that the names of strangers were entered
+in his rolls, had seen two people come into the inn, whose names were not
+yet entered, and that was the reason he had made inquiry as to their
+names and means of support. Mine host furnished this information in such
+an offhand manner that I became suspicious as to our entire safety in his
+house; so, in order to avoid arrest, we decided to go out, and not to
+return home until after dark, and we sallied forth, leaving the
+management of dinner to Giton. As it suited our purpose to avoid the
+public streets, we strolled through the more unfrequented parts of the
+city, and just at dusk we met two women in stolas, in a lonely spot, and
+they were by no means homely. Walking softly, we followed them to a
+temple which they entered, and from which we could hear a curious
+humming, which resembled the sound of voices issuing from the depths of a
+cavern. Curiosity impelled us also to enter the temple. There we caught
+sight of many women, who resembled Bacchantes, each of whom brandished in
+her right hand an emblem of Priapus. We were not permitted to see more,
+for as their eyes fell upon us, they raised such a hubbub that the vault
+of the temple trembled. They attempted to lay hands upon us, but we ran
+back to our inn as fast as we could go.)
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p044"></a><img alt="p044.jpg (82K)" src="images/p044.jpg" height="831" width="573">
+</center>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SIXTEENTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>We had just disposed of the supper prepared by Giton, when there came a
+timid rapping at the door. We turned pale. "Who is there?" we asked.
+"Open and you will find out," came the answer. While we were speaking,
+the bar fell down of its own accord, the doors flew open and admitted our
+visitor. She was the selfsame young lady of the covered head who had but
+a little while before stood by the peasant's side. "So you thought,"
+said she, "that you could make a fool of me, did you? I am Quartilla's
+handmaid: Quartilla, whose rites you interrupted in the shrine. She has
+come to the inn, in person, and begs permission to speak with you. Don't
+be alarmed! She neither blames your mistake nor does she demand
+punishment; on the contrary, she wonders what god has brought such
+well-bred young gentlemen into her neighborhood!"
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SEVENTEENTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>We were still holding our tongues and refraining from any expression of
+opinion, when the lady herself entered the room, attended by a little
+girl. Seating herself upon the bed, she wept for a long time. Not even
+then did we interject a single word, but waited, all attention, for what
+was to follow these well ordered tears and this show of grief. When the
+diplomatic thunderstorm had passed over, she withdrew her haughty head
+from her mantle and, ringing her hands until the joints cracked, "What is
+the meaning of such audacity?" she demanded; "where did you learn such
+tricks? They are worthy of putting to shame the assurance of all the
+robbers of the past! I pity you, so help me the God of Truth, I do; for
+no one can look with impunity upon that which it is unlawful for him to
+see. In our neighborhood, there are so many gods that it is easier to
+meet one than it is to find a man! But do not think that I was actuated
+by any desire for revenge when I came here: I am more moved by your age
+than I am by my own injury, for it is my belief that youthful imprudence
+led you into committing a sacrilegious crime. That very night, I tossed
+so violently in the throes of a dangerous chill that I was afraid I had
+contracted a tertian ague, and in my dreams I prayed for a medicine. I
+was ordered to seek you out, and to arrest the progress of the disease by
+means of an expedient to be suggested by your wonderful penetration! The
+cure does not matter so much, however, for a deeper grief gnaws at my
+vitals and drags me down, almost to the very doors of death itself. I am
+afraid that, with the careless impulsiveness of youth, you may divulge,
+to the common herd, what you witnessed in the shrine of Priapus, and
+reveal the rites of the gods to the rabble. On this account, I stretch
+out my suppliant hands to your knees, and beg and pray that you do not
+make a mockery and a joke of our nocturnal rites, nor lay bare the
+secrets of so many years, into which scarcely a thousand persons are
+initiated."
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p046"></a><img alt="p046.jpg (62K)" src="images/p046.jpg" height="713" width="573">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE EIGHTEENTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>The tears poured forth again, after this appeal, and, shaken by deep
+sobs, she buried her whole face and breast in my bed; and I, moved by
+pity and by apprehension, begged her to be of good cheer and to make
+herself perfectly easy as to both of those issues, for not only would we
+not betray any secrets to the rabble, but we would also second divine
+providence, at any peril to ourselves, if any god had indicated to her
+any cure for her tertian ague. The woman cheered up at this promise, and
+smothered me with kisses; from tears she passed to laughter, and fell to
+running her fingers through the long hair that hung down about my ears.
+"I will declare a truce with you," she said, "and withdraw my complaint.
+But had you been unwilling to administer the medicine which I seek, I had
+a troop in readiness for the morrow, which would have exacted
+satisfaction for my injury and reparation for my dignity!
+
+<blockquote>
+
+
+<br> To be flouted is disgraceful, but to dictate terms, sublime
+
+<br> Pleased am I to choose what course I will,
+
+<br> Even sages will retort an insult at the proper tune.
+
+<br> Victor most is he who does not kill."
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Then she suddenly clapped her hands, and broke into such a peal of
+laughter that we were alarmed. The maid, who had been the first to
+arrive, did likewise, on one side of us, as also did the little girl who
+had entered with the madame herself.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE NINETEENTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>The whole place was filled with mocking laughter, and we, who could see
+no reason for such a change of front, stared blankly at each other and
+then at the women. (Then Quartilla spoke up, finally,) "I gave orders
+that no mortal man should be admitted into this inn, this day, so that I
+could receive the treatment for my ague without interruption!" Ascyltos
+was, for the moment, struck dumb by this admission of Quartilla's, and I
+turned colder than a Gallic winter, and could not utter a word; but the
+personnel of the company relieved me from the fear that the worst might
+be yet to come, for they were only three young women, too weak to attempt
+any violence against us, who were of the male sex, at least, even if we
+had nothing else of the man about us, and this was an asset. Then, too,
+we were girded higher, and I had so arranged matters that if it came to a
+fight, I would engage Quartilla myself, Ascyltos the maid, and Giton the
+girl. (While I was turning over this plan in my mind, Quartilla came to
+close quarters, to receive the treatment for her ague, but having her
+hopes disappointed, she flounced out in a rage and, returning in a little
+while, she had us overpowered by some unknown vagabonds, and gave orders
+for us to be carried away to a splendid palace.) Then our determination
+gave place to astonishment, and death, sure and certain, began to obscure
+the eyes of suffering.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p048"></a><img alt="p048.jpg (52K)" src="images/p048.jpg" height="955" width="453">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTIETH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>"Pray; madame," I groaned, "if you have anything worse in store, bring it
+on quickly for we have not committed a crime so heinous as to merit death
+by torture." The maid, whose name was Psyche, quickly spread a blanket
+upon the floor (and) sought to secure an erection by fondling my member,
+which was already a thousand times colder than death. Ascyltos, well
+aware by now of the danger of dipping into the secrets of others, covered
+his head with his mantle. (In the meantime,) the maid took two ribbons
+from her bosom and bound our feet with one and our hands with the other.
+(Finding myself trussed up in this fashion, I remarked, "You will not be
+able to cure your mistress' ague in this manner!" "Granted," the maid
+replied, "but I have other and surer remedies at hand," she brought me a
+vessel full of satyrion, as she said this, and so cheerfully did she
+gossip about its virtues that I drank down nearly all of the liquor, and
+because Ascyltos had but a moment before rejected her advances, she
+sprinkled the dregs upon his back, without his knowing it.) When this
+repartee had drawn to a close, Ascyltos exclaimed, "Don't I deserve a
+drink?" Given away by my laughter, the maid clapped her hands and cried,
+"I put one by you, young man; did you drink so much all by yourself?"
+"What's that you say?", Quartilla chimed in. "Did Encolpius drink all
+the satyrion there was in the house?" And she laughed delightfully until
+her sides shook. Finally not even Giton himself could resist a smile,
+especially when the little girl caught him around the neck and showered
+innumerable kisses upon him, and he not at all averse to it.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p050"></a><img alt="p050.jpg (69K)" src="images/p050.jpg" height="751" width="605">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FIRST.
+</h2><br>
+<p>We would have cried aloud in our misery but there was no one to give us
+any help, and whenever I attempted to shout, "Help! all honest
+citizens," Psyche would prick my cheeks with her hairpin, and the little
+girl would intimidate Ascyltos with a brush dipped in satyrion. Then a
+catamite appeared, clad in a myrtle-colored frieze robe, and girded round
+with a belt. One minute he nearly gored us to death with his writhing
+buttocks, and the next, he befouled us so with his stinking kisses that
+Quartilla, with her robe tucked high, held up her whalebone wand and
+ordered him to give the unhappy wretches quarter. Both of us then took a
+most solemn oath that so dread a secret should perish with us. Several
+wrestling instructors appeared and refreshed us, worn out as we were, by
+a massage with pure oil, and when our fatigue had abated, we again donned
+our dining clothes and were escorted to the next room, in which were
+placed three couches, and where all the essentials necessary to a
+splendid banquet were laid out in all their richness. We took our
+places, as requested, and began with a wonderful first course. We were
+all but submerged in Falernian wine. When several other courses had
+followed, and we were endeavoring to keep awake Quartilla exclaimed, "How
+dare you think of going to sleep when you know that the vigil of Priapus
+is to be kept?"
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><a name="p052"></a><img alt="p052.jpg (47K)" src="images/p052.jpg" height="599" width="659">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-SECOND.
+</h2><br>
+<p>Worn out by all his troubles, Ascyltos commenced to nod, and the maid,
+whom he had slighted, and of course insulted, smeared lampblack all over
+his face, and painted his lips and shoulders with vermillion, while he
+drowsed. Completely exhausted by so many untoward adventures, I, too,
+was enjoying the shortest of naps, the whole household, within and
+without, was doing the same, some were lying here and there asleep at our
+feet, others leaned against the walls, and some even slept head to head
+upon the threshold itself; the lamps, failing because of a lack of oil,
+shed a feeble and flickering light, when two Syrians, bent upon stealing
+an amphora of wine, entered the dining-room. While they were greedily
+pawing among the silver, they pulled the amphora in two, upsetting the
+table with all the silver plate, and a cup, which had flown pretty high,
+cut the head of the maid, who was drowsing upon a couch. She screamed at
+that, thereby betraying the thieves and wakening some of the drunkards.
+The Syrians, who had come for plunder, seeing that they were about to be
+detected, were so quick to throw themselves down besides a couch and
+commence to snore as if they had been asleep for a long time, that you
+would have thought they belonged there. The butler had gotten up and
+poured oil in the flickering lamps by this time, and the boys, having
+rubbed their eyes open, had returned to their duty, when in came a female
+cymbal player and the crashing brass awoke everybody.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><a name="p054"></a><img alt="p054.jpg (93K)" src="images/p054.jpg" height="735" width="551">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-THIRD.
+</h2><br>
+<p>The banquet began all over again, and Quartilla challenged us to a
+drinking-bout, the crash of the cymbals lending ardor to her revel.
+A catamite appeared, the stalest of all mankind, well worthy of that
+house. Heaving a sigh, he wrung his hands until the joints cracked,
+and spouted out the following verses,
+
+<blockquote>
+
+
+<br>"Hither, hither quickly gather, pathic companions boon;
+<br>Artfully stretch forth your limbs and on with the dance and play!
+<br>Twinkling feet and supple thighs and agile buttocks in tune,
+<br>Hands well skilled in raising passions, Delian eunuchs gay!"
+
+</blockquote>
+<p>When he had finished his poetry, he slobbered a most evil-smelling kiss
+upon me, and then, climbing upon my couch, he proceeded with all his
+might and main to pull all of my clothing off. I resisted to the limit
+of my strength. He manipulated my member for a long time, but all in
+vain. Gummy streams poured down his sweating forehead, and there was so
+much chalk in the wrinkles of his cheeks that you might have mistaken his
+face for a roofless wall, from which the plaster was crumbling in a rain.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p056"></a><img alt="p056.jpg (47K)" src="images/p056.jpg" height="745" width="533">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FOURTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>Driven to the last extremity, I could no longer keep back the tears.
+"Madame," I burst out, "is this the night-cap which you ordered served to
+me?" Clapping her hands softly she cried out, "Oh you witty rogue, you
+are a fountain of repartee, but you never knew before that a catamite was
+called a k-night-cap, now did you?" Then, fearing my companion would come
+off better than I, "Madame," I said, "I leave it to your sense of
+fairness: is Ascyltos to be the only one in this dining-room who keeps
+holiday?" "Fair enough," conceded Quartilla, "let Ascyltos have his
+k-night-cap too!" On hearing that, the catamite changed mounts, and,
+having bestridden my comrade, nearly drove him to distraction with his
+buttocks and his kisses. Giton was standing between us and splitting his
+sides with laughter when Quartilla noticed him, and actuated by the
+liveliest curiosity, she asked whose boy he was, and upon my answering
+that he was my "brother," "Why has he not kissed me then?" she
+demanded. Calling him to her, she pressed a kiss upon his mouth, then
+putting her hand beneath his robe, she took hold of his little member, as
+yet so undeveloped. "This," she remarked, "shall serve me very well
+tomorrow, as a whet to my appetite, but today I'll take no common fare
+after choice fish!"
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FIFTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>She was still talking when Psyche, who was giggling, came to her side and
+whispered something in her ear. What it was, I did not catch. "By all
+means," ejaculated Quartilla, "a brilliant idea! Why shouldn't our
+pretty little Pannychis lose her maidenhead when the opportunity is so
+favorable?" A little girl, pretty enough, too, was led in at once; she
+looked to be not over seven years of age, and she was the same one who
+had before accompanied Quartilla to our room. Amidst universal applause,
+and in response to the demands of all, they made ready to perform the
+nuptial rites. I was completely out of countenance, and insisted that
+such a modest boy as Giton was entirely unfitted for such a wanton part,
+and moreover, that the child was not of an age at which she could receive
+that which a woman must take. "Is that so," Quartilla scoffed, "is she
+any younger than I was, when I submitted to my first man? Juno, my
+patroness, curse me if I can remember the time when I ever was a virgin,
+for I diverted myself with others of my own age, as a child then as the
+years passed, I played with bigger boys, until at last I reached my
+present age. I suppose that this explains the origin of the proverb,
+'Who carried the calf may carry the bull,' as they say." As I feared
+that Giton might run greater risk if I were absent, I got up to take
+part in the ceremony.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p058"></a><img alt="p058.jpg (107K)" src="images/p058.jpg" height="939" width="653">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-SIXTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Psyche had already enveloped the child's head in the bridal-veil, the
+catamite, holding a torch, led the long procession of drunken women which
+followed; they were clapping their hands, having previously decked out
+the bridal-bed with a suggestive drapery. Quartilla, spurred on by the
+wantonness of the others, seized hold of Giton and drew him into the
+bridal-chamber. There was no doubt of the boy's perfect willingness to
+go, nor was the girl at all alarmed at the name of marriage. When they
+were finally in bed, and the door shut, we seated ourselves outside the
+door of the bridal-chamber, and Quartilla applied a curious eye to a
+chink, purposely made, watching their childish dalliance with lascivious
+attention. She then drew me gently over to her side that I might share
+the spectacle with her, and when we both attempted to peep our faces were
+pressed against each other; whenever she was not engrossed in the
+performance, she screwed up her lips to meet mine, and pecked at me
+continually with furtive kisses. [A thunderous hammering was heard at
+the door, while all this was going on, and everyone wondered what this
+unexpected interruption could mean, when we saw a soldier, one of the
+night-watch, enter with a drawn sword in his hand, and surrounded by a
+crowd of young rowdies. He glared about him with savage eyes and
+blustering mien, and, catching sight of Quartilla, presently, "What's up
+now, you shameless woman," he bawled; "what do you mean by making game of
+me with lying promises, and cheating me out of the night you promised me?
+But you won't get off unpunished You and that lover of yours are going to
+find out that I'm a man!" At the soldier's orders, his companion bound
+Quartilla and myself together, mouth to mouth, breast to breast, and
+thigh to thigh; and not without a great deal of laughter. Then the
+catamite, also at the soldier's order, began to beslaver me all over with
+the fetid kisses of his stinking mouth, a treatment I could neither fly
+from, nor in any other way avoid. Finally, he ravished me, and worked
+his entire pleasure upon me. In the meantime, the satyrion which I had
+drunk only a little while before spurred every nerve to lust and I began
+to gore Quartilla impetuously, and she, burning with the same passion,
+reciprocated in the game. The rowdies laughed themselves sick, so moved
+were they by that ludicrous scene, for here was I, mounted by the stalest
+of catamites, involuntarily and almost unconsciously responding with as
+rapid a cadence to him as Quartilla did in her wriggling under me. While
+this was going on, Pannychis, unaccustomed at her tender years to the
+pastime of Venus, raised an outcry and attracted the attention of the
+soldier, by this unexpected howl of consternation, for this slip of a
+girl was being ravished, and Giton the victor, had won a not bloodless
+victory. Aroused by what he saw, the soldier rushed upon them, seizing
+Pannychis, then Giton, then both of them together, in a crushing embrace.
+The virgin burst into tears and plead with him to remember her age, but
+her prayers availed her nothing, the soldier only being fired the more by
+her childish charms.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p062"></a><img alt="p062.jpg (62K)" src="images/p062.jpg" height="987" width="433">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Pannychis covered her head at last, resolved to
+endure whatever the Fates had in store for her. At this instant, an old
+woman, the very same who had tricked me on that day when I was hunting
+for our lodging, came to the aid of Pannychis, as though she had dropped
+from the clouds. With loud cries, she rushed into the house, swearing
+that a gang of footpads was prowling about the neighborhood and the
+people invoked the help of "All honest men," in vain, for the members of
+the night-watch were either asleep or intent upon some carouse, as they
+were nowhere to be found. Greatly terrified at this, the soldier rushed
+headlong from Quartilla's house. His companions followed after him,
+freeing Pannychis from impending danger and relieving the rest of us from
+our fear.] (I was so weary of Quartilla's lechery that I began to
+meditate means of escape. I made my intentions known to Ascyltos, who,
+as he wished to rid himself of the importunities of Psyche, was
+delighted; had not Giton been shut up in the bridal-chamber, the plan
+would have presented no difficulties, but we wished to take him with us,
+and out of the way of the viciousness of these prostitutes. We were
+anxiously engaged in debating this very point, when Pannychis fell out of
+bed, and dragged Giton after her, by her own weight. He was not hurt,
+but the girl gave her head a slight bump, and raised such a clamor that
+Quartilla, in a terrible fright, rushed headlong into the room, giving us
+the opportunity of making off. We did not tarry, but flew back to our
+inn where,) throwing ourselves upon the bed, we passed the remainder of
+the night without fear. (Sallying forth next day, we came upon two of
+our kidnappers, one of whom Ascyltos savagely attacked the moment he set
+eyes upon him, and, after having thrashed and seriously wounded him,
+he ran to my aid against the other. He defended himself so stoutly,
+however, that he wounded us both, slightly, and escaped unscathed.) The
+third day had now dawned, the date set for the free dinner (at
+Trimalchio's,) but battered as we were, flight seemed more to our taste
+than quiet, so (we hastened to our inn and, as our wounds turned out to
+be trifling, we dressed them with vinegar and oil, and went to bed. The
+ruffian whom we had done for, was still lying upon the ground and we
+feared detection.) Affairs were at this pass, and we were framing
+melancholy excuses with which to evade the coming revel, when a slave of
+Agamemnon's burst in upon our trembling conclave and said, "Don't you
+know with whom your engagement is today? The exquisite Trimalchio, who
+keeps a clock and a liveried bugler in his dining-room, so that he can
+tell, instantly, how much of his life has run out!" Forgetting all our
+troubles at that, we dressed hurriedly and ordered Giton, who had very
+willingly performed his servile office, to follow us to the bath.
+
+<br><br>
+<hr>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Satyricon, Vol. 1, Introduction
+by Petronius Arbiter
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+Project Gutenberg's The Satyricon, Vol. 1, Introduction, by Petronius Arbiter
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Satyricon, Vol. 1, Introduction
+
+Author: Petronius Arbiter
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2004 [EBook #5218]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SATYRICON, VOL. 1 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+[NOTE: There is a short list of bookmarks, or pointers, at the end of the
+file for those who may wish to sample the author's ideas before making an
+entire meal of them. D.W.]
+
+
+
+
+
+ THE SATYRICON OF
+ PETRONIUS ARBITER
+
+ Complete and unexpurgated translation by W. C. Firebaugh,
+ in which are incorporated the forgeries of Nodot and Marchena,
+ and the readings introduced into the text by De Salas.
+
+
+Among the difficulties which beset the path of the conscientious
+translator, a sense of his own unworthiness must ever take precedence;
+but another, scarcely less disconcerting, is the likelihood of
+misunderstanding some allusion which was perfectly familiar to the author
+and his public, but which, by reason of its purely local significance,
+is obscure and subject to the misinterpretation and emendation of a later
+generation.
+
+A translation worthy of the name is as much the product of a literary
+epoch as it is of the brain and labor of a scholar; and Melmouth's
+version of the letters of Pliny the Younger, made, as it was, at a
+period when the art of English letter writing had attained its highest
+excellence, may well be the despair of our twentieth century apostles of
+specialization. Who, today, could imbue a translation of the Golden Ass
+with the exquisite flavor of William Adlington's unscholarly version of
+that masterpiece? Who could rival Arthur Golding's rendering of the
+Metamorphoses of Ovid, or Francis Hicke's masterly rendering of Lucian's
+True History? But eternal life means endless change and in nothing is
+this truth more strikingly manifest than in the growth and decadence of
+living languages and in the translation of dead tongues into the ever
+changing tissue of the living. Were it not for this, no translation
+worthy of the name would ever stand in need of revision, except in
+instances where the discovery and collation of fresh manuscripts had
+improved the text. In the case of an author whose characters speak in
+the argot proper to their surroundings, the necessity for revision is
+even more imperative; the change in the cultured speech of a language is
+a process that requires years to become pronounced, the evolution of
+slang is rapid and its usage ephemeral. For example Stephen Gaselee, in
+his bibliography of Petronius, calls attention to Harry Thurston Peck's
+rendering of "bell um pomum" by "he's a daisy," and remarks,
+appropriately enough, "that this was well enough for 1898; but we would
+now be more inclined to render it 'he's a peach.'" Again, Peck renders
+"illud erat vivere" by "that was life," but, in the words of our lyric
+American jazz, we would be more inclined to render it "that was the
+life." "But," as Professor Gaselee has said, "no rendering of this part
+of the Satyricon can be final, it must always be in the slang of the
+hour."
+
+"Some," writes the immortal translator of Rabelais, in his preface,
+"have deservedly gained esteem by translating; yet not many condescend
+to translate but such as cannot invent; though to do the first well,
+requires often as much genius as to do the latter. I wish, reader,
+thou mayest be as willing to do the author justice, as I have strove
+to do him right."
+
+Many scholars have lamented the failure of Justus Lipsius to comment upon
+Petronius or edit an edition of the Satyricon. Had he done so, he might
+have gone far toward piercing the veil of darkness which enshrouds the
+authorship of the work and the very age in which the composer flourished.
+To me, personally, the fact that Laurence Sterne did not undertake a
+version, has caused much regret. The master who delineated Tristram
+Shandy's father and the intrigue between the Widow Wadman and Uncle Toby
+would have drawn Trimalchio and his peers to admiration.
+
+ W. C. F.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+PREFACE
+INTRODUCTION
+THE SATYRICON
+NOTES
+ PROSTITUTION
+ PAEDERASTIA
+ CHAPTER NOTES
+ 9 Gladiator obscene
+ 17 Impotence
+ 26 Peepholes in brothels
+ 34 Silver Skeleton
+ 36 Marsyas
+ 40 A pie full of birds
+ 56 Contumelia
+ 116 Life in Rome
+ 116 Legacy hunting
+ 119 Castration
+ 127 Circe's voice
+ 131 Sputum in charms
+ 131 The "infamous finger"
+ 138 The dildo
+ The Cordax
+
+SIX NOTES BY MARCHENA
+ Introduction
+ I Soldiers in love
+ II Courtesans
+ III Greek love
+ IV Pollution
+ V Virginity
+ VI Pandars
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+Of the many masterpieces which classical antiquity has bequeathed to
+modern times, few have attained, at intervals, to such popularity; few
+have so gripped the interest of scholars and men of letters, as has this
+scintillating miscellany known as the Satyricon, ascribed by tradition to
+that Petronius who, at the court of Nero, acted as arbiter of elegance
+and dictator of fashion. The flashing, wit, the masterly touches which
+bring out the characters with all the detail of a fine old copper
+etching; the marvelous use of realism by this, its first prophet; the
+sure knowledge of the perspective and background best adapted to each
+episode; the racy style, so smooth, so elegant, so simple when the
+educated are speaking, beguile the reader and blind him, at first, to the
+many discrepancies and incoherences with which the text, as we have it,
+is marred. The more one concentrates upon this author, the more apparent
+these faults become and the more one regrets the lacunae in the text.
+Notwithstanding numerous articles which deal with this work, some from
+the pens of the most profound scholars, its author is still shrouded in
+the mists of uncertainty and conjecture. He is as impersonal as
+Shakespeare, as aloof as Flaubert, in the opinion of Charles Whibley,
+and, it may be added, as genial as Rabelais; an enigmatic genius whose
+secret will never be laid bare with the resources at our present command.
+As I am not writing for scholars, I do not intend going very deeply into
+the labyrinth of critical controversy which surrounds the author and the
+work, but I shall deal with a few of the questions which, if properly
+understood, will enhance the value of the Satyricon, and contribute, in
+some degree, to a better understanding of the author. For the sake of
+convenience the questions discussed in this introduction will be arranged
+in the following order:
+
+1. The Satyricon.
+
+2. The Author.
+ a His Character.
+ b His Purpose in Writing.
+ c Time in which the Action is placed.
+ d Localization of the Principal Episode.
+
+3. Realism.
+ a Influence of the Satyricon upon the Literature of the World.
+
+4. The Forgeries.
+
+
+
+I
+
+THE SATYRICON. Heinsius and Scaliger derive the word from the Greek,
+whence comes our English word satyr, but Casaubon, Dacier and Spanheim
+derive it from the Latin 'satura,' a plate filled with different kinds
+of food, and they refer to Porphyrion's 'multis et variis rebus hoc
+carmen refertum est.'
+
+The text, as we possess it, may be divided into three divisions: the
+first and last relate the adventures of Encolpius and his companions, the
+second, which is a digression, describes the Dinner of Trimalchio. That
+the work was originally divided into books, we had long known from
+ancient glossaries, and we learn, from the title of the Traguriensian
+manuscript, that the fragments therein contained are excerpts from the
+fifteenth and sixteenth books. An interpolation of Fulgentius (Paris
+7975) attributes to Book Fourteen the scene related in Chapter 20 of the
+work as we have it, and the glossary of St. Benedict Floriacensis cites
+the passage 'sed video te totum in illa haerere, quae Troiae halosin
+ostendit (Chapter 89), as from Book Fifteen. As there is no reason to
+suppose that the chapters intervening between the end of the Cena
+(Chapter 79) and Chapter 89 are out of place, it follows that this
+passage may have belonged to Book Sixteen, or even Seventeen, but that it
+could not have belonged to Book Fifteen. From the interpolation of
+Fulgentius we may hazard the opinion that the beginning of the fragments,
+as we possess them (Chapters 1 to 26), form part of Book Fourteen. The
+Dinner of Trimalchio probably formed a complete book, fifteen, and the
+continuation of the adventures of Encolpius down to his meeting with
+Eumolpus (end of Chapter 140) Book Sixteen. The discomfiture of Eumolpus
+should have closed this book but not the entire work, as the exit of the
+two principal characters is not fixed at the time our fragments come to
+an end. The original work, then, would probably have exceeded Tom Jones
+in length.
+
+
+
+II
+
+THE AUTHOR.
+
+a--"Not often," says Studer (Rheinisches Museum, 1843), "has there been
+so much dispute about the author, the times, the character and the
+purpose of a writing of antiquity as about the fragments of the Satyricon
+of Petronius." The discovery and publication of the Trau manuscript
+brought about a literary controversy which has had few parallels, and
+which has not entirely died out to this day, although the best
+authorities ascribe the work to Caius Petronius, the Arbiter Elegantiarum
+at the court of Nero. "The question as to the date of the narrative of
+the adventures of Encolpius and his boon companions must be regarded as
+settled," says Theodor Mommsen (Hermes, 1878); "this narrative is
+unsurpassed in originality and mastery of treatment among the writings of
+Roman literature. Nor does anyone doubt the identity of its author and
+the Arbiter Elegantiarum of Nero, whose end Tacitus relates."
+
+In any case, the author of this work, if it be the work of one brain,
+must have been a profound psychologist, a master of realism, a
+natural-born story teller, and a gentleman.
+
+
+b--His principal object in writing the work was to amuse but, in amusing,
+he also intended to pillory the aristocracy and his wit is as keen as the
+point of a rapier; but, when we bear in mind the fact that he was an
+ancient, we will find that his cynicism is not cruel, in him there is
+none of the malignity of Aristophanes; there is rather the attitude of
+the refined patrician who is always under the necessity of facing those
+things which he holds most in contempt, the supreme artist who suffers
+from the multitude of bill-boards, so to speak, who lashes the posters
+but holds in pitying contempt those who know so little of true art that
+they mistake those posters for the genuine article. Niebuhr's estimate
+of his character is so just and free from prejudice, and proceeds from
+a mind which, in itself, was so pure and wholesome, that I will quote it:
+
+"All great dramatic poets are endowed with the power of creating beings
+who seem to act and speak with perfect independence, so that the poet is
+nothing more than the relator of what takes place. When Goethe had
+conceived Faust and Margarete, Mephistopheles and Wagner, they moved and
+had their being without any exercise of his will. But in the peculiar
+power which Petronius exercises, in its application to every scene, to
+every individual character, in everything, noble or mean, which he
+undertakes, I know of but one who is fully equal to the Roman, and that
+is Diderot. Trimalchio and Agamemnon might have spoken for Petronius,
+and the nephew Rameau and the parson Papin for Diderot, in every
+condition and on every occasion inexhaustibly, out of their own nature;
+just so the purest and noblest souls, whose kind was, after all, not
+entirely extinct in their day.
+
+"Diderot and a contemporary, related to him in spirit, Count Gaspar
+Gozzi, are marked with the same cynicism which disfigures the Roman;
+their age, like his, had become shameless. But as the two former were in
+their heart noble, upright, and benevolent men, and as in the writings of
+Diderot genuine virtue and a tenderness unknown to his contemporaries
+breathe, so the peculiarity of such a genius can, as it seems, be given
+to a noble and elevated being only. The deep contempt for prevailing
+immorality which naturally leads to cynicism, and a heart which beats for
+everything great and glorious,--virtues which then had no existence,
+--speak from the pages of the Roman in a language intelligible to every
+susceptible heart."
+
+
+e--Beck, in his paper, "The Age of Petronius Arbiter," concluded that the
+author lived and wrote between the years 6 A.D. and 34 A.D., but he
+overlooked the possibility that the author might have lived a few years
+later, written of conditions as they were in his own times, and yet laid
+the action of his novel a few years before. Mommsen and Haley place the
+time under Augustus, Buecheler, about 36-7 A.D., and Friedlaender under
+Nero.
+
+
+d--La Porte du Theil places the scene at Naples because of the fact the
+city in which our heroes met Agamemnon must have been of some
+considerable size because neither Encolpius nor Asclytos could find their
+way back to their inn, when once they had left it, because both were
+tired out from tramping around in search of it and because Giton had been
+so impressed with this danger that he took the precaution to mark the
+pillars with chalk in order that they might not be lost a second time.
+The Gulf of Naples is the only bit of coastline which fits the needs of
+the novel, hence the city must be Naples. The fact that neither of the
+characters knew the city proves that they had been recent arrivals, and
+this furnishes a clue, vague though it is, to what may have gone before.
+
+Haley, "Harvard Studies in Classical Philology," vol. II, makes out a
+very strong case for Puteoli, and his theory of the old town and the new
+town is as ingenious as it is able. Haley also has Trimalchio in his
+favor, as has also La Porte du Theil. "I saw the Sibyl at Cumae," says
+Trimalchio. Now if the scene of the dinner is actually at Cumae this
+sounds very peculiar; it might even be a gloss added by some copyist
+whose knowledge was not equal to his industry. On the other hand,
+suppose Trimalchio is speaking of something so commonplace in his
+locality that the second term has become a generic, then the difficulty
+disappears. We today, even though standing upon the very spot in Melos
+where the Venus was unearthed, would still refer to her as the Venus de
+Melos. Friedlaender, in bracketing Cumis, has not taken this
+sufficiently into consideration. Mommsen, in an excellent paper (Hermes,
+1878), has laid the scene at Cumae. His logic is almost unanswerable,
+and the consensus of opinion is in favor of the latter town.
+
+
+
+III
+
+REALISM. Realism, as we are concerned with it, may be defined as the
+literary effect produced by the marshaling of details in their exactitude
+for the purpose of bringing out character. The fact that they may be
+ugly and vulgar the reverse, makes not the slightest difference. The
+modern realist contemplates the inanimate things which surround us with
+peculiar complaisance, and it is right that he should as these things
+exert upon us a constant and secret influence. The workings of the human
+mind, in complex civilizations, are by no means simple; they are involved
+and varied: our thoughts, our feelings, our wills, associate themselves
+with an infinite number of sensations and images which play one upon the
+other, and which individualize, in some measure, every action we commit,
+and stamp it. The merit of our modern realists lies in the fact that
+they have studied the things which surround us and our relations to them,
+and thus have they been able to make their creations conform to human
+experience. The ancients gave little attention to this; the man, with
+them, was the important thing; the environment the unimportant. There
+are, of course, exceptions; the interview between Ulysses and Nausiskaa
+is probably the most striking. From the standpoint of environment,
+Petronius, in the greater portion of his work, is an ancient; but one
+exception there is, and it is as brilliant as it is important. The
+entire episode, in which Trimalchio figures, offers an incredible
+abundance of details. The descriptions are exhaustive and minute, but
+the author's prime purpose was not description, it was to bring out the
+characters, it was to pillory the Roman aristocracy, it was to amuse!
+Cicero, in his prosecution of Verres, had shown up this aristocracy in
+all its brutality and greed, it remained for the author of the Cena to
+hold its absurdity up to the light of day, to lash an extravagance which,
+though utterly unbridled, was yet unable to exhaust the looted
+accumulations of years of political double dealing and malfeasance in
+office. Trimalchio's introduction is a masterstroke, the porter at the
+door is another, the effect of the wine upon the women, their jealousy
+lest either's husband should seem more liberal, their appraisal of each
+other's jewelry, Scintilla's remark anent the finesse of Habinnas'
+servant in the mere matter of pandering, the blear-eyed and black-toothed
+slave, teasing a little bitch disgustingly fat, offering her pieces of
+bread and when, from sheer inability, she refuses to eat, cramming it
+down her throat, the effect of the alcohol upon Trimalchio, the little
+old lady girded round with a filthy apron, wearing clogs which were not
+mates, dragging in a huge dog on a chain, the incomparable humor in the
+passage in which Hesus, desperately seasick, sees that which makes him
+believe that even worse misfortunes are in store for him: these details
+are masterpieces of realism. The description of the night-prowling
+shyster lawyer, whose forehead is covered with sebaceous wens, is the
+very acme of propriety; our first meeting; with the poet Eumolpus is a
+beautiful study in background and perspective. Nineteen centuries have
+gone their way since this novel was written, but if we look about us we
+will be able to recognize, under the veneer of civilization, the
+originals of the Satyricon and we will find that here, in a little corner
+of the Roman world, all humanity was held in miniature. Petronius must
+be credited with the great merit of having introduced realism into the
+novel. By an inspiration of genius, he saw that the framework of
+frivolous and licentious novels could be enlarged until it took in
+contemporary custom and environment. It is that which assures for him
+an eminent place, not in Roman literature alone, but in the literature
+of the world.
+
+a--INFLUENCE OF THE SATYRICON UPON LITERATURE. The vagrant heroes of
+Petronius are the originals from whom directly, or indirectly, later
+authors drew that inspiration which resulted in the great mass of
+picaresque fiction; but, great as this is, it is not to this that the
+Satyricon owes its powerful influence upon the literature of the world.
+It is to the author's recognition of the importance of environment,
+of the vital role of inanimate surroundings as a means for bringing out
+character and imbuing his episodes and the actions of his characters with
+an air of reality and with those impulses and actions which are common to
+human experience, that his influence is due. By this, the Roman created
+a new style of writing and inaugurated a class of literature which was
+without parallel until the time of Apuleius and, in a lesser degree, of
+Lucian. This class of literature, though modified essentially from age
+to age, in keeping with the dictates of moral purity or bigotry, innocent
+or otherwise, has come to be the very stuff of which literary success in
+fiction is made. One may write a successful book without a thread of
+romance; one cannot write a successful romance without some knowledge of
+realism; the more intimate the knowledge the better the book, and it is
+frequently to this that the failure of a novel is due, although the
+critic might be at a loss to explain it. Petronius lies behind Tristram
+Shandy, his influence can be detected in Smollett, and even Fielding paid
+tribute to him.
+
+
+
+IV
+
+FORGERIES OF PETRONIUS.
+
+From the very nature of the writings of such an author as Petronius, it
+is evident that the gaps in the text would have a marked tendency to
+stimulate the curiosity of literary forgers and to tempt their sagacity,
+literary or otherwise. The recovery of the Trimalchionian episode, and
+the subsequent pamphleteering would by no means eradicate this "cacoethes
+emendandi."
+
+When, circa 1650, the library of the unfortunate Nicolas Cippico yielded
+up the Trau fragment, the news of this discovery spread far and wide and
+about twelve years later, Statileo, in response to the repeated requests
+of the Venetian ambassador, Pietro Basadonna, made with his own hand a
+copy of the MS., which he sent to Basadonna. The ambassador, in turn,
+permitted this MS. to be printed by one Frambotti, a printer endowed with
+more industry than critical acumen, and the resultant textual conflation
+had much to do with the pamphlet war which followed. Had this Paduan
+printer followed the explicit directions which he received, and printed
+exactly what was given him much good paper might have been saved and a
+very interesting chapter in the history of literary forgery would
+probably never have been written. The pamphlet war did not die out until
+Bleau, in 1670-71, printed his exact reproduction of the Trau manuscript
+and the corrections introduced by that licentiousness of emendation of
+which we have spoken.
+
+In October, 1690, Francois Nodot, a French soldier of fortune, a
+commissary officer who combined belles lettres and philosophy with his
+official duties, wrote to Charpentier, President of the Academy of
+France, calling, his attention to a copy of a manuscript which he (Nodot)
+possessed, and which came into his hands in the following manner: one
+Du Pin, a French officer detailed to service with Austria, had been
+present at the sack of Belgrade in 1688. That this Du Pin had, while
+there, made the acquaintance of a certain Greek renegade, having, as a
+matter of fact, stayed in the house of this renegade. The Greek's
+father, a man of some learning, had by some means come into possession of
+the MS., and Du Pin, in going through some of the books in the house, had
+come across it. He had experienced the utmost difficulty in deciphering
+the letters, and finally, driven by curiosity, had retained a copyist and
+had it copied out. That this Du Pin had this copy in his house at
+Frankfort, and that he had given Nodot to understand that if he (Nodot)
+came to Frankfort, he would be permitted to see this copy. Owing to the
+exigencies of military service, Nodot had been unable to go in person to
+Frankfort, and that he had therefore availed himself of the friendly
+interest and services of a certain merchant of Frankfort, who had
+volunteered to find an amanuensis, have a copy made, and send it to
+Nodot. This was done, and Nodot concludes his letter to Charpentier by
+requesting the latter to lay the result before the Academy and ask for
+their blessing and approval. These Nodotian Supplements were accepted as
+authentic by the Academics of Arles and Nimes, as well as by Charpentier.
+In a short time, however, the voices of scholarly skeptics began to be
+heard in the land, and accurate and unbiased criticism laid bare the
+fraud. The Latinity was attacked and exception taken to Silver Age
+prose in which was found a French police regulation which required newly
+arrived travellers to register their names in the book of a police
+officer of an Italian village of the first century. Although they are
+still retained in the text by some editors, this is done to give some
+measure of continuity to an otherwise interrupted narrative, but they can
+only serve to distort the author and obscure whatever view of him the
+reader might otherwise have reached. They are generally printed between
+brackets or in different type.
+
+In 1768 another and far abler forger saw the light of day. Jose
+Marchena, a Spaniard of Jewish extraction, was destined for an
+ecclesiastical career. He received an excellent education which served
+to fortify a natural bent toward languages and historical criticism. In
+his early youth he showed a marked preference for uncanonical pursuits
+and heretical doctrines and before he had reached his thirtieth year
+prudence counseled him to prevent the consequences of his heresy and
+avoid the too pressing Inquisition by a timely flight into France.
+He arrived there in time to throw himself into the fight for liberty,
+and in 1800 we find him at Basle attached to the staff of General Moreau.
+While there he is said to have amused himself and some of his cronies by
+writing notes on what Davenport would have called "Forbidden Subjects,"
+and, as a means of publishing his erotic lucubrations, he constructed
+this fragment, which brings in those topics on which he had enlarged.
+He translated the fragment into French, attached his notes, and issued
+the book. There is another story to the effect that he had been
+reprimanded by Moreau for having written a loose song and that he
+exculpated himself by assuring the general that it was but a new fragment
+of Petronius which he had translated. Two days later he had the fragment
+ready to prove his contention.
+
+This is the account given by his Spanish biographer. In his preface,
+dedicated to the Army of the Rhine, he states that he found the fragment
+in a manuscript of the work of St. Gennadius on the Duties of Priests,
+probably of the XI Century. A close examination revealed the fact that
+it was a palimpsest which, after treatment, permitted the restoration of
+this fragment. It is supposed to supply the gap in Chapter 26 after the
+word "verberabant."
+
+Its obscenity outrivals that of the preceding text, and the grammar,
+style, and curiosa felicitas Petroniana make it an almost perfect
+imitation. There is no internal evidence of forgery. If the text is
+closely scrutinized it will be seen that it is composed of words and
+expressions taken from various parts of the Satyricon, "and that in every
+line it has exactly the Petronian turn of phrase."
+
+"Not only is the original edition unprocurable," to quote again from
+Mr. Gaselee's invaluable bibliography, "but the reprint at Soleure
+(Brussels), 1865, consisted of only 120 copies, and is hard to find.
+The most accessible place for English readers is in Bohn's translation,
+in which, however, only the Latin text is given; and the notes were a
+most important part of the original work."
+
+These notes, humorously and perhaps sarcastically ascribed to Lallemand,
+Sanctae Theologiae Doctor, "are six in number (all on various forms of
+vice); and show great knowledge, classical and sociological, of unsavory
+subjects. Now that the book is too rare to do us any harm, we may admit
+that the pastiche was not only highly amusing, but showed a perverse
+cleverness amounting almost to genius."
+
+Marchena died at Madrid in great poverty in 1821. A contemporary has
+described him as being rather short and heavy set in figure, of great
+frontal development, and vain beyond belief. He considered himself
+invincible where women were concerned. He had a peculiar predilection
+in the choice of animal pets and was an object of fear and curiosity
+to the towns people. His forgery might have been completely successful
+had he not acknowledged it himself within two or three years after the
+publication of his brochure. The fragment will remain a permanent
+tribute to the excellence of his scholarship, but it is his Ode to Christ
+Crucified which has made him more generally known, and it is one of the
+ironies of fate that caused this deformed giant of sarcasm to compose a
+poem of such tender and touching piety.
+
+Very little is known about Don Joe Antonio Gonzalez de Salas, whose
+connecting passages, with the exception of one which is irrelevant, are
+here included.
+
+The learned editors of the Spanish encyclopedia naively preface their
+brief sketch with the following assertion: "no tenemos noticias de su
+vida." De Salas was born in 1588 and died in 1654. His edition of
+Petronius was first issued in 1629 and re-issued in 1643 with a copper
+plate of the Editor. The Paris edition, from which he says he supplied
+certain deficiencies in the text, is unknown to bibliographers and is
+supposed to be fictitious.
+
+To distinguish the spurious passages, as a point of interest, in the
+present edition, the forgeries of Nodot are printed within round
+brackets, the forgery of Marchena within square brackets, and the
+additions of De Salas in italics {In this PG etext in curly brackets}.
+
+The work is also accompanied by a translation of the six notes, the
+composition of which led Marchena to forge the fragment which first
+appeared in the year 1800. These have never before been translated.
+
+Thanks are due Ralph Straus, Esq., and Professor Stephen Gaselee.
+
+
+
+
+ THE SATYRICON OF
+ PETRONIUS ARBITER
+
+
+BRACKET CODE:
+ (Forgeries of Nodot)
+ [Forgeries of Marchena]
+ {Additions of De Salas}
+ DW
+
+
+VOLUME 1.--ADVENTURES OF ENCOLPIUS AND HIS COMPANIONS
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FIRST.
+
+(It has been so long; since I promised you the story of my adventures,
+that I have decided to make good my word today; and, seeing that we have
+thus fortunately met, not to discuss scientific matters alone, but also
+to enliven our jolly conversation with witty stories. Fabricius Veiento
+has already spoken very cleverly on the errors committed in the name of
+religion, and shown how priests, animated by an hypocritical mania for
+prophecy, boldly expound mysteries which are too often such to
+themselves. But) are our rhetoricians tormented by another species of
+Furies when they cry, "I received these wounds while fighting for the
+public liberty; I lost this eye in your defense: give me a guide who will
+lead me to my children, my limbs are hamstrung and will not hold me up!"
+Even these heroics could be endured if they made easier the road to
+eloquence; but as it is, their sole gain from this ferment of matter and
+empty discord of words is, that when they step into the Forum, they think
+they have been carried into another world. And it is my conviction that
+the schools are responsible for the gross foolishness of our young men,
+because, in them, they see or hear nothing at all of the affairs of
+every-day life, but only pirates standing in chains upon the shore,
+tyrants scribbling edicts in which sons are ordered to behead their own
+fathers; responses from oracles, delivered in time of pestilence,
+ordering the immolation of three or more virgins; every word a honied
+drop, every period sprinkled with poppy-seed and sesame.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SECOND.
+
+Those who are brought up on such a diet can no more attain to wisdom than
+a kitchen scullion can attain to a keen sense of smell or avoid stinking
+of the grease. With your indulgence, I will speak out: you--teachers
+--are chiefly responsible for the decay of oratory. With your well
+modulated and empty tones you have so labored for rhetorical effect that
+the body of your speech has lost its vigor and died. Young men did not
+learn set speeches in the days when Sophocles and Euripides were
+searching for words in which to express themselves. In the days when
+Pindar and the nine lyric poets feared to attempt Homeric verse there was
+no private tutor to stifle budding genius. I need not cite the poets for
+evidence, for I do not find that either Plato or Demosthenes was given
+to this kind of exercise. A dignified and, if I may say it, a chaste,
+style, is neither elaborate nor loaded with ornament; it rises supreme by
+its own natural purity. This windy and high-sounding bombast, a recent
+immigrant to Athens, from Asia, touched with its breath the aspiring
+minds of youth, with the effect of some pestilential planet, and as soon
+as the tradition of the past was broken, eloquence halted and was
+stricken dumb. Since that, who has attained to the sublimity of
+Thucydides, who rivalled the fame of Hyperides? Not a single poem
+has glowed with a healthy color, but all of them, as though nourished
+on the same diet, lacked the strength to live to old age. Painting
+also suffered the same fate when the presumption of the Egyptians
+"commercialized" that incomparable art. (I was holding forth along these
+lines one day, when Agamemnon came up to us and scanned with a curious
+eye a person to whom the audience was listening so closely.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE THIRD.
+
+He would not permit me to declaim longer in the portico than he himself
+had sweat in the school, but exclaimed, "Your sentiments do not reflect
+the public taste, young man, and you are a lover of common sense, which
+is still more unusual. For that reason, I will not deceive you as to the
+secrets of my profession. The teachers, who must gibber with lunatics,
+are by no means to blame for these exercises. Unless they spoke in
+accordance with the dictates of their young pupils, they would, as Cicero
+remarks, be left alone in the schools! And, as designing parasites, when
+they seek invitations to the tables of the rich, have in mind nothing
+except what will, in their opinion, be most acceptable to their audience
+--for in no other way can they secure their ends, save by setting snares
+for the ears--so it is with the teachers of rhetoric, they might be
+compared with the fisherman, who, unless he baits his hook with what he
+knows is most appetizing to the little fish, may wait all day upon some
+rock, without the hope of a catch."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FOURTH.
+
+What, then, is there to do? The parents who are unwilling to permit
+their children to undergo a course of training under strict discipline,
+are the ones who deserve the reproof. In the first place, everything
+they possess, including the children, is devoted to ambition. Then, that
+their wishes may the more quickly be realized, they drive these unripe
+scholars into the forum, and the profession of eloquence, than which none
+is considered nobler, devolves upon boys who are still in the act of
+being born! If, however, they would permit a graded course of study to
+be prescribed, in order that studious boys might ripen their minds by
+diligent reading; balance their judgment by precepts of wisdom, correct
+their compositions with an unsparing pen, hear at length what they ought
+to imitate, and be convinced that nothing can be sublime when it is
+designed to catch the fancy of boys, then the grand style of oratory
+would immediately recover the weight and splendor of its majesty. Now
+the boys play in the schools, the young men are laughed at in the forum,
+and, a worse symptom than either, no one, in his old age, will confess
+the errors he was taught in his school days. But that you may not
+imagine that I disapprove of a jingle in the Lucilian manner, I will
+deliver my opinions in verse,--
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FIFTH.
+
+ "The man who emerges with fame, from the school of stern art,
+
+ Whose mind gropes for lofty ideals, to bring them to light,
+
+ Must first, under rigid frugality, study his part;
+
+ Nor yearn for the courts of proud princes who frown in their might:
+
+ Nor scheme with the riff-raf, a client in order to dine,
+
+ Nor can he with evil companions his wit drown in wine
+
+ Nor sit, as a hireling, applauding an actor's grimace.
+
+ But, whether the fortress of arms-bearing Tritonis smile
+
+ Upon him, or land which the Spartan colonials grace,
+
+ Or home of the sirens, with poetry let him beguile
+
+ The years of young manhood, and at the Maeonian spring
+
+ His fortunate soul drink its fill: Then, when later, the lore
+
+ Of Socrates' school he has mastered, the reins let him fling,
+
+ And brandish the weapons that mighty Demosthenes bore.
+
+ Then, steeped in the culture and music of Greece, let his taste
+
+ Be ripened and mellowed by all the great writers of Rome.
+
+ At first, let him haunt not the courts; let his pages be graced
+
+ By ringing and rhythmic effusions composed in his home
+
+ Next, banquets and wars be his theme, sung in soul-stirring chant,
+
+ In eloquent words such as undaunted Cicero chose.
+
+ Come! Gird up thy soul! Inspiration will then force a vent
+
+ And rush in a flood from a heart that is loved by the muse!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SIXTH.
+
+I was listening so attentively to this speech that I did not notice the
+flight of Ascyltos, and while I was pacing the gardens, engulfed in this
+flood-tide of rhetoric, a large crowd of students came out upon the
+portico, having, it would seem, just listened to an extemporaneous
+declamation, of I know not whom, the speaker of which had taken
+exceptions to the speech of Agamemnon. While, therefore, the young men
+were making fun of the sentiments of this last speaker, and criticizing
+the arrangement of the whole speech, I seized the opportunity and went
+after Ascyltos, on the run; but, as I neither held strictly to the road,
+nor knew where the inn was located, wherever I went, I kept coming back
+to the same place, until, worn out with running, and long since dripping
+with sweat, I approached a certain little old woman who sold country
+vegetables.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SEVENTH.
+
+"Please, mother," I wheedled, "you don't know where I lodge, do you?"
+Delighted with such humorous affability, "What's the reason I don't" she
+replied, and getting upon her feet, she commenced to walk ahead of me. I
+took her for a prophetess until, when presently we came to a more obscure
+quarter, the affable old lady pushed aside a crazy-quilt and remarked,
+"Here's where you ought to live," and when I denied that I recognized the
+house, I saw some men prowling stealthily between the rows of name-boards
+and naked prostitutes. Too late I realized that I had been led into a
+brothel. After cursing the wiles of the little old hag, I covered my
+head and commenced to run through the middle of the night-house to the
+exit opposite, when, lo and behold! whom should I meet on the very
+threshold but Ascyltos himself, as tired as I was, and almost dead; you
+would have thought that he had been brought by the self-same little old
+hag! I smiled at that, greeted him cordially, and asked him what he was
+doing in such a scandalous place.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE EIGHTH.
+
+Wiping away the sweat with his hands, he replied, "If you only knew what
+I have gone through!" "What was it?" I demanded. "A most respectable
+looking person came up to me," he made reply, "while I was wandering all
+over the town and could not find where I had left my inn, and very
+graciously offered to guide me. He led me through some very dark and
+crooked alleys, to this place, pulled out his tool, and commenced to beg
+me to comply with his appetite. A whore had already vacated her cell for
+an as, and he had laid hands upon me, and, but for the fact that I was
+the stronger, I would have been compelled to take my medicine." (While
+Ascyltos was telling me of his bad luck, who should come up again but
+this same very respectable looking person, in company with a woman not at
+all bad looking, and, looking at Ascyltos, he requested him to enter the
+house, assuring him that there was nothing to fear, and, since he was
+unwilling to take the passive part, he should have the active. The
+woman, on her part, urged me very persistently to accompany her, so we
+followed the couple, at last, and were conducted between the rows of
+name-boards, where we saw, in cells, many persons of each sex amusing
+themselves in such a manner) that it seemed to me that every one of them
+must have been drinking satyrion. (On catching sight of us, they
+attempted to seduce us with paederastic wantonness, and one wretch, with
+his clothes girded up, assaulted Ascyltos, and, having thrown him down
+upon a couch, attempted to gore him from above. I succored the sufferer
+immediately, however,) and having joined forces, we defied the
+troublesome wretch. (Ascyltos ran out of the house and took to his
+heels, leaving me as the object of their lewd attacks, but the crowd,
+finding me the stronger in body and purpose, let me go unharmed.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE NINTH.
+
+(After having tramped nearly all over the city,) I caught sight of Giton,
+as though through a fog, standing at the end of the street, (on the very
+threshold of the inn,) and I hastened to the same place. When I inquired
+whether my "brother" had prepared anything for breakfast, the boy sat
+down upon the bed and wiped away the trickling tears with his thumb.
+I was greatly disturbed by such conduct on the part of my "brother," and
+demanded to be told what had happened. After I had mingled threats with
+entreaties, he answered slowly and against his will, "That brother or
+comrade of yours rushed into the room a little while ago and commenced to
+attempt my virtue by force. When I screamed, he pulled out his tool and
+gritted out--If you're a Lucretia, you've found your Tarquin!" When I
+heard this, I shook my fists in Ascyltos' face, "What have you to say for
+yourself," I snarled, "you rutting pathic harlot, whose very breath is
+infected?" Ascyltos pretended to bristle up and, shaking his fists more
+boldly still, he roared: "Won't you keep quiet, you filthy gladiator, you
+who escaped from the criminal's cage in the amphitheatre to which you
+were condemned (for the murder of your host?) Won't you hold your
+tongue, you nocturnal assassin, who, even when you swived it bravely,
+never entered the lists with a decent woman in your life? Was I not a
+'brother' to you in the pleasure-garden, in the same sense as that in
+which this boy now is in this lodging-house?" "You sneaked away from the
+master's lecture," I objected.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TENTH. "What should I have done, you triple fool, when I was
+dying of hunger? I suppose I should have listened to opinions as much to
+the purpose as the tinkle of broken glass or the interpretation of
+dreams. By Hercules, you are much more deserving of censure than I, you
+who will flatter a poet so as to get an invitation to dinner!" Then we
+laughed ourselves out of a most disgraceful quarrel, and approached more
+peaceably whatever remained to be done. But the remembrance of that
+injury recurred to my mind and, "Ascyltos," I said, "I know we shall not
+be able to agree, so let us divide our little packs of common stock and
+try to defeat our poverty by our individual efforts. Both you and I know
+letters, but that I may not stand in the way of any undertaking of yours,
+I will take up some other profession. Otherwise, a thousand trifles will
+bring us into daily collision and furnish cause for gossip through the
+whole town." Ascyltos made no objection to this, but merely remarked,
+"As we, in our capacity of scholars, have accepted an invitation to
+dinner, for this date, let us not lose our night. Since it seems to be
+the graceful thing to do, I will look out for another lodging and another
+'brother,' tomorrow." "Deferred pleasures are a long time coming,"
+I sighed. It was lust that made this separation so hasty, for I had, for
+a long time, wished to be rid of a troublesome chaperon, so that I could
+resume my old relations with my Giton. (Bearing this affront with
+difficulty, Ascyltos rushed from the room, without uttering a word.
+Such a headlong outburst augured badly, for I well knew his ungovernable
+temper and his unbridled passion. On this account, I followed him out,
+desirous of fathoming his designs and of preventing their consequences,
+but he hid himself skillfully from my eyes, and all in vain, I searched
+for him for a long time.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE ELEVENTH.
+
+After having had the whole town under my eyes, I returned to the little
+room and, having claimed the kisses which were mine in good faith, I
+encircled the boy in the closest of embraces and enjoyed the effect of
+our happy vows to a point that might be envied. Nor had all the
+ceremonies been completed, when Ascyltos stole stealthily up to the
+outside of the door and, violently wrenching off the bars, burst in upon
+me, toying with my "brother." He filled the little room with his
+laughter and hand-clapping, pulled away the cloak which covered us, "What
+are you up to now, most sanctimonious 'brother'?" he jeered. "What's
+going on here, a blanket-wedding?" Nor did he confine himself to words,
+but, pulling the strap off his bag, he began to lash me very thoroughly,
+interjecting sarcasms the while, "This is the way you would share with
+your comrade, is it!" (The unexpectedness of the thing compelled me to
+endure the blows in silence and to put up with the abuse, so I smiled at
+my calamity, and very prudently, too, as otherwise I should have been put
+to the necessity of fighting with a rival. My pretended good humor
+soothed his anger, and at last, Ascyltos smiled as well. "See here,
+Encolpius," he said, "are you so engrossed with your debaucheries that
+you do not realize that our money is gone, and that what we have left is
+of no value? In the summer, times are bad in the city. The country is
+luckier, let's go and visit our friends." Necessity compelled the
+approval of this plan, and the repression of any sense of injury as well,
+so, loading Giton with our packs, we left the city and hastened to the
+country-seat of Lycurgus, a Roman knight. Inasmuch as Ascyltos has
+formerly served him in the capacity of "brother," he received us royally,
+and the company there assembled, rendered our stay still more delightful.
+In the first place, there was Tryphaena, a most beautiful woman, who had
+come in company with Lycas, the master of a vessel and owner of estates
+near the seashore. Although Lycurgus kept a frugal table, the pleasures
+we enjoyed in this most enchanting spot cannot be described in words.
+Of course you know that Venus joined us all up, as quickly as possible.
+The lovely Tryphaena pleased my taste, and listened willingly to my vows,
+but hardly had I had time to enjoy her favors when Lycas, in a towering
+rage because his preserves had been secretly invaded, demanded that I
+indemnify him in her stead. She was an old flame of his, so he broached
+the subject of a mutual exchange of favors. Burning with lust, he
+pressed his suit, but Tryphaena possessed my heart, and I said Lycas nay.
+By refusal, however, he was only made more ardent, followed me
+everywhere, entered my room at night, and, after his entreaties had met
+with contempt, he had recourse to violence against me, at which I yelled
+so lustily that I aroused the entire household, and, by the help of
+Lycurgus, I was delivered from the troublesome assault and escaped. At
+last, perceiving that the house of Lycurgus was not suitable to the
+prosecution of his design, he attempted to persuade me to seek his
+hospitality, and when his suggestion was refused, he made use of
+Tryphaena's influence over me. She besought me to comply with Lycas'
+desires, and she did this all the more readily as by that she hoped to
+gain more liberty of action. With affairs in this posture, I follow my
+love, but Lycurgus, who had renewed his old relations with Ascyltos,
+would not permit him to leave, so it was decided that he should remain
+with Lycurgus, but that we would accompany Lycas. Nevertheless, we had
+it understood among ourselves that whenever the opportunity presented
+itself, we would each pilfer whatever we could lay hands upon, for the
+betterment of the common stock. Lycas was highly delighted with my
+acceptance of his invitation and hastened our departure, so, bidding our
+friends good-bye, we arrived at his place on the very same day. Lycas
+had so arranged matters that, on the journey, he sat beside me, while
+Tryphaena was next to Giton, the reason for this being his knowledge
+of the woman's notorious inconstancy; nor was he deceived, for she
+immediately fell in love with the boy, and I easily perceived it.
+In addition, Lycas took the trouble of calling my attention to the
+situation, and laid stress upon the truth of what we saw. On this
+account, I received his advances more graciously, at which he was
+overjoyed. He was certain that contempt would be engendered from the
+inconstancy of my "sister," with the result that, being piqued at
+Tryphaena, I would all the more freely receive his advances. Now this
+was the state of affairs at the house of Lycas, Tryphaena was desperately
+in love with Giton, Giton's whole soul was aflame for her, neither of
+them was a pleasing sight to my eyes, and Lycas, studying to please me,
+arranged novel entertainments each day, which Doris, his lovely wife,
+seconded to the best of her ability, and so gracefully that she soon
+expelled Tryphaena from my heart. A wink of the eye acquainted Doris of
+my passion, a coquettish glance informed me of the state of her heart,
+and this silent language, anticipating the office of the tongue, secretly
+expressed that longing of our souls which we had both experienced at the
+same instant. The jealousy of Lycas, already well known to me, was the
+cause of my silence, but love itself revealed to the wife the designs
+which Lycas had upon me. At our first opportunity of exchanging
+confidences, she revealed to me what she had discovered and I candidly
+confessed, telling her of the coldness with which I had always met his
+advances. The far-sighted woman remarked that it would be necessary for
+us to use our wits. It turned out that her advice was sound, for I soon
+found out that complacency to the one meant possession of the other.
+Giton, in the meantime, was recruiting his exhausted strength, and
+Tryphaena turned her attention to me, but, meeting with a repulse, she
+flounced out in a rage. The next thing this burning harlot did was to
+discover my commerce with both husband and wife. As for his wantonness
+with me, she flung that aside, as by it she lost nothing, but she fell
+upon the secret gratifications of Doris and made them known to Lycas,
+who, his jealousy proving stronger than his lust, took steps to get
+revenge. Doris, however, forewarned by Tryphaena's maid, looked out
+for squalls and held aloof from any secret assignations. When I became
+aware of all this, I heartily cursed the perfidy of Tryphaena and the
+ungrateful soul of Lycas, and made up my mind to be gone. Fortune
+favored me, as it turned out, for a vessel sacred to Isis and laden with
+prize-money had, only the day before, run upon the rocks in the vicinity.
+After holding a consultation with Giton, at which he gladly gave consent
+to my plan, as Tryphaena visibly neglected him after having sapped his
+virility, we hastened to the sea-shore early on the following morning,
+and boarded the wreck, a thing easy of accomplishment as the watchmen,
+who were in the pay of Lycas, knew us well. But they were so attentive
+to us that there was no opportunity of stealing a thing until, having
+left Giton with them, I craftily slipped out of sight and sneaked aft
+where the statue of Isis stood, and despoiled it of a valuable mantle and
+a silver sistrum. From the master's cabin, I also pilfered other
+valuable trifles and, stealthily sliding down a rope, went ashore. Giton
+was the only one who saw me and he evaded the watchmen and slipped away
+after me. I showed him the plunder, when he joined me, and we decided
+to post with all speed to Ascyltos, but we did not arrive at the home of
+Lycurgus until the following day. In a few words I told Ascyltos of the
+robbery, when he joined us, and of our unfortunate love-affairs as well.
+He was for prepossessing the mind of Lycurgus in our favor, naming the
+increasing wantonness of Lycas as the cause of our secret and sudden
+change of habitation. When Lycurgus had heard everything, he swore
+that he would always be a tower of strength between us and our enemies.
+Until Tryphaena and Doris were awake and out of bed, our flight remained
+undiscovered, for we paid them the homage of a daily attendance at the
+morning toilette. When our unwonted absence was noted, Lycas sent out
+runners to comb the sea-shore, for he suspected that we had been to the
+wreck, but he was still unaware of the robbery, which was yet unknown
+because the stern of the wreck was lying away from the beach, and the
+master had not, as yet, gone back aboard. Lycas flew into a towering
+rage when our flight was established for certain, and railed bitterly at
+Doris, whom he considered as the moving factor in it. Of the hard words
+and the beating he gave her I will say nothing, for the particulars are
+not known to me, but I will affirm that Tryphaena, who was the sole cause
+of the unpleasantness, persuaded Lycas to hunt for his fugitives in the
+house of Lycurgus, which was our most probable sanctuary. She
+volunteered to accompany him in person, so that she could load us with
+the abuse which we deserved at her hands. They set out on the following
+day and arrived at the estate of Lycurgus, but we were not there, for he
+had taken us to a neighboring town to attend the feast of Hercules, which
+was there being celebrated. As soon as they found out about this, they
+hastened to take to the road and ran right into us in the portico of the
+temple. At sight of them, we were greatly put out, and Lycas held forth
+violently to Lycurgus, upon the subject of our flight, but he was met
+with raised eyebrows and such a scowling forehead that I plucked up
+courage and, in a loud voice, passed judgment upon his lewd and base
+attempts and assaults upon me, not in the house of Lycurgus alone, but
+even under his own roof: and as for the meddling Tryphaena, she received
+her just deserts, for, at great length, I described her moral turpitude
+to the crowd, our altercation had caused a mob to collect, and, to give
+weight to my argument, I pointed to limber-hamed Giton, drained dry, as
+it were, and to myself, reduced almost to skin and bones by the raging
+lust of that nymphomaniac harlot. So humiliated were our enemies by the
+guffaws of the mob, that in gloomy ill-humor they beat a retreat to plot
+revenge. As they perceived that we had prepossessed the mind of Lycurgus
+in our favor, they decided to await his return, at his estate, in order
+that they might wean him away from his misapprehension. As the
+solemnities did not draw to a close until late at night, we could not
+reach Lycurgus' country place, so he conducted us to a villa of his,
+situated near the halfway point of the journey, and, leaving us to sleep
+there until the next day, he set off for his estate for the purpose of
+transacting some business. Upon his arrival, he found Lycas and
+Tryphaena awaiting him, and they stated their case so diplomatically that
+they prevailed upon him to deliver us into their hands. Lycurgus, cruel
+by nature and incapable of keeping his word, was by this time striving to
+hit upon the best method of betraying us, and to that end, he persuaded
+Lycas to go for help, while he himself returned to the villa and had us
+put under guard. To the villa he came, and greeted us with a scowl as
+black as any Lycas himself had ever achieved, clenching his fists again
+and again, he charged us with having lied about Lycas, and, turning
+Ascyltos out, he gave orders that we were to be kept confined to the room
+in which we had retired to rest. Nor would he hear a word in our
+defense, from Ascyltos, but, taking the latter with him, he returned to
+his estate, reiterating his orders relative to our confinement, which was
+to last until his return. On the way back, Ascyltos vainly essayed to
+break down Lycurgus' determination, but neither prayers nor caresses, nor
+even tears could move him. Thereupon my "brother" conceived the design
+of freeing us from our chains, and, antagonized by the stubbornness of
+Lycurgus, he positively refused to sleep with him, and through this he
+was in a better position to carry out the plan which he had thought out.
+When the entire household was buried in its first sleep, Ascyltos loaded
+our little packs upon his back and slipped out through a breach in the
+wall, which he had previously noted, arriving at the villa with the dawn.
+He gained entrance without opposition and found his way to our room,
+which the guards had taken the precaution to bar. It was easy to force
+an entrance, as the fastening was made of wood, which same he pried off
+with a piece of iron. The fall of the lock roused us, for we were
+snoring away, in spite of our unfortunate situation. On account of the
+long vigil, the guard was in such a deep sleep that we alone were wakened
+by the crashing fall of the lock, and Ascyltos, coming in, told us in a
+few words what he had done for us; but as far as that goes, not many were
+necessary. We were hurriedly dressing, when I was seized with the notion
+of killing the guard and stripping the place. This plan I confided to
+Ascyltos, who approved of the looting, but pointed out a more desirable
+solution without bloodshed: knowing all the crooks and turns, as he did,
+he led us to a store-room which he opened. We gathered up all that was
+of value and sallied forth while it was yet early in the morning.
+Shunning the public roads; we could not rest until we believed ourselves
+safe from pursuit. Ascyltos, when he had caught his breath, gloatingly
+exulted of the pleasure which the looting of a villa belonging to
+Lycurgus, a superlatively avaricious man, afforded him: he complained,
+with justice of his parsimony, affirming that he himself had received no
+reward for his k-nightly services, that he had been kept at a dry table
+and on a skimpy ration of food. This Lycurgus was so stingy that he
+denied himself even the necessities of life, his immense wealth to the
+contrary notwithstanding.)
+
+ The tortured Tantalus still stands, to parch in his shifting pool,
+
+ And starve, when fruit sways just beyond his grasp:
+
+ The image of the miser rich, when his avaricious soul
+
+ Robs him of food and drink, in Plenty's clasp.
+
+(Ascyltos was for going to Naples that same day, but I protested the
+imprudence of going to any place where they would be on the lookout for
+us. "Let's absent ourselves, for a while, and travel in the country. We
+are well supplied with means." This advice took his fancy and we set out
+for a part of the country noted for the beauty of its estates, and where
+not a few of our acquaintances were enjoying the sports of the season.
+Scarcely had we covered half the distance, however, before it began to
+pour down rain by the bucketful, compelling us to run for the nearest
+village. Upon entering the inn, we noticed many other wayfarers, who had
+put up there to escape the storm. The jam prevented our being watched,
+and at the same time made it easier for us to pry about with curious
+eyes, on the alert for something to appropriate. Ascyltos, unseen by
+anyone, picked up off the ground a little pouch in which he found some
+gold pieces. We were overjoyed with this auspicious beginning, but,
+fearing that some one would miss the gold, we stealthily slipped out by
+the back door. A slave, who was saddling a horse in the courtyard,
+suddenly left his work and went into the house, as if he had forgotten
+something, and while he was gone I appropriated a superb mantle which was
+tied fast to the saddle, by untying the thongs, then, utilizing a row of
+outbuildings for cover, we made off into the nearest wood. When we had
+reached the depths of the grove, where we were in safety, we thoroughly
+discussed the surest method of secreting our gold, so that we would
+neither be accused of robbery nor robbed ourselves, and we finally
+decided to sew it into the hem of a ragged tunic, which I threw over my
+shoulders, after having turned the mantle over to Ascyltos for
+safekeeping; we then made ready to start for the city via the
+unfrequented roads. We were just about to emerge from the shelter of
+the wood when we heard, from somewhere on our left, "They can't get away,
+they came into this wood; let's spread out and beat, and they will easily
+be caught!" On hearing this, we were thrown into such a terrible fright
+that Ascyltos and Giton dashed away city-ward, through the underbrush,
+and I retreated in such a hurry that the precious tunic slipped off my
+shoulders without my knowing it. At last, completely fagged out, and
+unable to take another step, I lay down under a tree, and there I first
+became aware of the loss of the tunic. Chagrin restored my strength and
+I leaped to my feet to look for the treasure, and for a long time I beat
+around in vain. Worn out with work and vexation, I forced my way into
+the thickest part of the grove and remained there for four mortal hours,
+but at last, bored to extinction by the horrible solitude, I sought a way
+out. As I went ahead, I caught sight of a peasant; then I had need of
+all my nerve, and it did not fail me. Marching boldly up to him, I asked
+my way to the city, complaining that I had been lost in the wood for
+several hours. Seeing my condition, he took pity upon me, for I was
+covered with mud and paler than death, and asked me whether I had seen
+anyone in the place. "Not a soul," I replied, whereupon he kindly
+conducted me to the high road, where he met two of his companions, who
+informed him that they had beaten along every path in the forest without
+having found anything except a tunic, which they showed him. As may be
+readily supposed, I did not have the audacity to claim it, though well
+aware of its value, and my chagrin became almost insupportable as I
+vented many a groaning curse over my lost treasure. The peasants paid
+no attention to me, and I was gradually left behind, as my weakness
+increased my pace decreased. For this reason, it was late when I reached
+the city, and, entering the inn, beheld Ascyltos, stretched out, half
+dead, upon a cot. Too far gone to utter a single syllable, I threw
+myself upon another. Ascyltos became greatly excited at not seeing the
+tunic which he had entrusted to me, demanding it insistently, but I was
+so weak that my voice refused its office and I permitted the apathy of my
+eyes to answer his demand, then, by and by, regaining my strength little
+by little, I related the whole affair to Ascyltos, in every detail. He
+thought that I was joking, and although my testimony was fortified by a
+copious flood of tears, it could easily be seen that he remained
+unconvinced, believing that I wanted to cheat him out of the gold.
+Giton, who was standing by during all this, was as downcast as myself,
+and the suffering of the lad only served to increase my own vexation, but
+the thing which bothered me most of all, was the painstaking search which
+was being made for us; I told Ascyltos of this, but he only laughed it
+off, as he had so happily extricated himself from the scrape. He was
+convinced that, as we were unknown and as no one had seen us, we were
+perfectly safe. We decided, nevertheless, to feign sickness, and to keep
+to our room as long as possible; but, before we knew it, our money ran
+out, and spurred by necessity we were forced to go abroad and sell some
+of our plunder.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWELFTH.
+
+Twilight was falling, as we entered the market-place, in which we noticed
+a quantity of things for sale, not any of much value, it is true, but
+such as could be disposed of to the best advantage when the semi-darkness
+would serve to hide their doubtful origin. As we had brought our stolen
+mantle, we proceeded to make use of so favorable an opportunity, and, in
+a secluded spot, displayed a corner of it, hoping the splendid garment
+would attract some purchaser. Nor was it long before a certain peasant,
+whose face was familiar to my eyes, came up, accompanied by a young
+woman, and began to examine the garment very closely. Ascyltos, in turn,
+cast a glance at the shoulders of our rustic customer, and was instantly
+struck dumb with astonishment. Nor could I myself look upon this man
+without some emotion, for he seemed to be the identical person who had
+picked up the ragged tunic in the lonely wood, and, as a matter of fact,
+he was! Ascyltos, afraid to believe the evidence of his own eyes for
+fear of doing something rash, approached the man, as a prospective buyer,
+took the hem of the tunic from the rustic's shoulders, and felt it
+thoroughly.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE THIRTEENTH.
+
+Oh wonderful stroke of Fortune! The peasant had not yet laid his
+meddling hands upon the seams, but was scornfully offering the thing for
+sale, as though it had been the leavings of some beggar. When Ascyltos
+had assured himself that the hoard was intact, and had taken note of the
+social status of the seller, he led me a little aside from the crowd and
+said, "Do you know, 'brother,' that the treasure about which I was so
+worked up has come back to us? That is the little tunic, and it seems
+that the gold pieces are still untouched. What ought we to do, and how
+shall we make good our claim?" I was overjoyed, not so much at seeing
+our booty, as I was for the reason that Fortune had released me from a
+very ugly suspicion. I was opposed to doing anything by devious methods,
+thinking that should he prove unwilling to restore to the proper owner an
+article not his own, it ought to come to a civil action and a judgment
+secured.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FOURTEENTH.
+
+Not so Ascyltos, who was afraid of the law, and demurred, "Who knows us
+here? Who will place any credence in anything we say? It seems to me
+that it would be better to buy, ours though it is, and we know it, and
+recover the treasure at small cost, rather than to engage in a doubtful
+lawsuit."
+
+ Of what avail are any laws, where money rules alone,
+
+ Where Poverty can never win its cases?
+
+ Detractors of the times, who bear the Cynic's scrip, are known
+
+ To often sell the truth, and keep their faces!
+
+ So Justice is at public auction bought,
+
+ The knight gives judgement as Gold says he ought.
+
+But, with the exception of a two-as piece with which we had intended
+purchasing peas and lupines, there was nothing to hand; so, for fear our
+loot should escape us in the interim, we resolved to appraise the mantle
+at less, and, through a small sacrifice, secure a greater profit.
+Accordingly, we spread it out, and the young woman of the covered head,
+who was standing by the peasant's side, narrowly inspected the markings,
+seized the hem with both hands, and screamed "Thieves!" at the top of her
+voice. We were greatly disconcerted at this and, for fear that
+inactivity on our part should seem to lend color to her charges, we
+laid hold of the dirty ragged tunic, in our turn, and shouted with equal
+spite, that this was our property which they had in their possession; but
+our cases were by no means on an equality, and the hucksters who had
+crowded around us at the uproar, laughed at our spiteful claim, and very
+naturally, too, since one side laid claim to a very valuable mantle,
+while the other demanded a rag which was not worth a good patch.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FIFTEENTH.
+
+Ascyltos, when he had secured silence, adroitly put a stop to their
+laughter by exclaiming, "We can see that each puts the greater value upon
+his own property. Let them return our tunic to us, and take back their
+mantle!" This exchange was satisfactory enough to the peasant and the
+young woman, but some night-prowling shyster lawyers, who wished to get
+possession of the mantle for their own profit, demanded that both
+articles be deposited with them, and the judge could look into the case
+on the morrow, for it would appear that the ownership of the articles was
+not so much to the point as was the suspicion of robbery that attached
+to both sides. The question of sequestration arose, and one of the
+hucksters, I do not remember which, but he was bald, and his forehead was
+covered with sebaceous wens, and he sometimes did odd jobs for the
+lawyers, seized the mantle and vowed that HE would see to it that it was
+produced at the proper time and place, but it was easily apparent that he
+desired nothing but that the garment should be deposited with thieves,
+and vanish; thinking that we would be afraid to appear as claimants for
+fear of being charged with crime. As far as we were concerned, we were
+as willing as he, and Fortune aided the cause of each of us, for the
+peasant, infuriated at our demand that his rags be shown in public, threw
+the tunic in Ascyltos' face, released us from responsibility, and
+demanded that the mantle, which was the only object of litigation, be
+sequestered. As we thought we had recovered our treasure, we returned
+hurriedly to the inn, and fastening the door, we had a good laugh at the
+shrewdness of the hucksters, and not less so at that of our enemies, for
+by it they had returned our money to us. (While we were unstitching the
+tunic to get at the gold pieces, we overheard some one quizzing the
+innkeeper as to what kind of people those were, who had just entered his
+house. Alarmed at this inquiry, I went down, when the questioner had
+gone, to find out what was the matter, and learned that the praetor's
+lictor, whose duty it was to see that the names of strangers were entered
+in his rolls, had seen two people come into the inn, whose names were not
+yet entered, and that was the reason he had made inquiry as to their
+names and means of support. Mine host furnished this information in such
+an offhand manner that I became suspicious as to our entire safety in his
+house; so, in order to avoid arrest, we decided to go out, and not to
+return home until after dark, and we sallied forth, leaving the
+management of dinner to Giton. As it suited our purpose to avoid the
+public streets, we strolled through the more unfrequented parts of the
+city, and just at dusk we met two women in stolas, in a lonely spot, and
+they were by no means homely. Walking softly, we followed them to a
+temple which they entered, and from which we could hear a curious
+humming, which resembled the sound of voices issuing from the depths of a
+cavern. Curiosity impelled us also to enter the temple. There we caught
+sight of many women, who resembled Bacchantes, each of whom brandished in
+her right hand an emblem of Priapus. We were not permitted to see more,
+for as their eyes fell upon us, they raised such a hubbub that the vault
+of the temple trembled. They attempted to lay hands upon us, but we ran
+back to our inn as fast as we could go.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SIXTEENTH.
+
+We had just disposed of the supper prepared by Giton, when there came a
+timid rapping at the door. We turned pale. "Who is there?" we asked.
+"Open and you will find out," came the answer. While we were speaking,
+the bar fell down of its own accord, the doors flew open and admitted our
+visitor. She was the selfsame young lady of the covered head who had but
+a little while before stood by the peasant's side. "So you thought,"
+said she, "that you could make a fool of me, did you? I am Quartilla's
+handmaid: Quartilla, whose rites you interrupted in the shrine. She has
+come to the inn, in person, and begs permission to speak with you. Don't
+be alarmed! She neither blames your mistake nor does she demand
+punishment; on the contrary, she wonders what god has brought such
+well-bred young gentlemen into her neighborhood!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SEVENTEENTH.
+
+We were still holding our tongues and refraining from any expression of
+opinion, when the lady herself entered the room, attended by a little
+girl. Seating herself upon the bed, she wept for a long time. Not even
+then did we interject a single word, but waited, all attention, for what
+was to follow these well ordered tears and this show of grief. When the
+diplomatic thunderstorm had passed over, she withdrew her haughty head
+from her mantle and, ringing her hands until the joints cracked, "What is
+the meaning of such audacity?" she demanded; "where did you learn such
+tricks? They are worthy of putting to shame the assurance of all the
+robbers of the past! I pity you, so help me the God of Truth, I do; for
+no one can look with impunity upon that which it is unlawful for him to
+see. In our neighborhood, there are so many gods that it is easier to
+meet one than it is to find a man! But do not think that I was actuated
+by any desire for revenge when I came here: I am more moved by your age
+than I am by my own injury, for it is my belief that youthful imprudence
+led you into committing a sacrilegious crime. That very night, I tossed
+so violently in the throes of a dangerous chill that I was afraid I had
+contracted a tertian ague, and in my dreams I prayed for a medicine. I
+was ordered to seek you out, and to arrest the progress of the disease by
+means of an expedient to be suggested by your wonderful penetration! The
+cure does not matter so much, however, for a deeper grief gnaws at my
+vitals and drags me down, almost to the very doors of death itself. I am
+afraid that, with the careless impulsiveness of youth, you may divulge,
+to the common herd, what you witnessed in the shrine of Priapus, and
+reveal the rites of the gods to the rabble. On this account, I stretch
+out my suppliant hands to your knees, and beg and pray that you do not
+make a mockery and a joke of our nocturnal rites, nor lay bare the
+secrets of so many years, into which scarcely a thousand persons are
+initiated."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE EIGHTEENTH.
+
+The tears poured forth again, after this appeal, and, shaken by deep
+sobs, she buried her whole face and breast in my bed; and I, moved by
+pity and by apprehension, begged her to be of good cheer and to make
+herself perfectly easy as to both of those issues, for not only would we
+not betray any secrets to the rabble, but we would also second divine
+providence, at any peril to ourselves, if any god had indicated to her
+any cure for her tertian ague. The woman cheered up at this promise, and
+smothered me with kisses; from tears she passed to laughter, and fell to
+running her fingers through the long hair that hung down about my ears.
+"I will declare a truce with you," she said, "and withdraw my complaint.
+But had you been unwilling to administer the medicine which I seek, I had
+a troop in readiness for the morrow, which would have exacted
+satisfaction for my injury and reparation for my dignity!
+
+ To be flouted is disgraceful, but to dictate terms, sublime
+
+ Pleased am I to choose what course I will,
+
+ Even sages will retort an insult at the proper tune.
+
+ Victor most is he who does not kill."
+
+Then she suddenly clapped her hands, and broke into such a peal of
+laughter that we were alarmed. The maid, who had been the first to
+arrive, did likewise, on one side of us, as also did the little girl who
+had entered with the madame herself.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE NINETEENTH.
+
+The whole place was filled with mocking laughter, and we, who could see
+no reason for such a change of front, stared blankly at each other and
+then at the women. (Then Quartilla spoke up, finally,) "I gave orders
+that no mortal man should be admitted into this inn, this day, so that I
+could receive the treatment for my ague without interruption!" Ascyltos
+was, for the moment, struck dumb by this admission of Quartilla's, and I
+turned colder than a Gallic winter, and could not utter a word; but the
+personnel of the company relieved me from the fear that the worst might
+be yet to come, for they were only three young women, too weak to attempt
+any violence against us, who were of the male sex, at least, even if we
+had nothing else of the man about us, and this was an asset. Then, too,
+we were girded higher, and I had so arranged matters that if it came to a
+fight, I would engage Quartilla myself, Ascyltos the maid, and Giton the
+girl. (While I was turning over this plan in my mind, Quartilla came to
+close quarters, to receive the treatment for her ague, but having her
+hopes disappointed, she flounced out in a rage and, returning in a little
+while, she had us overpowered by some unknown vagabonds, and gave orders
+for us to be carried away to a splendid palace.) Then our determination
+gave place to astonishment, and death, sure and certain, began to obscure
+the eyes of suffering.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTIETH.
+
+"Pray; madame," I groaned, "if you have anything worse in store, bring it
+on quickly for we have not committed a crime so heinous as to merit death
+by torture." The maid, whose name was Psyche, quickly spread a blanket
+upon the floor (and) sought to secure an erection by fondling my member,
+which was already a thousand times colder than death. Ascyltos, well
+aware by now of the danger of dipping into the secrets of others, covered
+his head with his mantle. (In the meantime,) the maid took two ribbons
+from her bosom and bound our feet with one and our hands with the other.
+(Finding myself trussed up in this fashion, I remarked, "You will not be
+able to cure your mistress' ague in this manner!" "Granted," the maid
+replied, "but I have other and surer remedies at hand," she brought me a
+vessel full of satyrion, as she said this, and so cheerfully did she
+gossip about its virtues that I drank down nearly all of the liquor, and
+because Ascyltos had but a moment before rejected her advances, she
+sprinkled the dregs upon his back, without his knowing it.) When this
+repartee had drawn to a close, Ascyltos exclaimed, "Don't I deserve a
+drink?" Given away by my laughter, the maid clapped her hands and cried,
+"I put one by you, young man; did you drink so much all by yourself?"
+"What's that you say?", Quartilla chimed in. "Did Encolpius drink all
+the satyrion there was in the house?" And she laughed delightfully until
+her sides shook. Finally not even Giton himself could resist a smile,
+especially when the little girl caught him around the neck and showered
+innumerable kisses upon him, and he not at all averse to it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FIRST.
+
+We would have cried aloud in our misery but there was no one to give us
+any help, and whenever I attempted to shout, "Help! all honest
+citizens," Psyche would prick my cheeks with her hairpin, and the little
+girl would intimidate Ascyltos with a brush dipped in satyrion. Then a
+catamite appeared, clad in a myrtle-colored frieze robe, and girded round
+with a belt. One minute he nearly gored us to death with his writhing
+buttocks, and the next, he befouled us so with his stinking kisses that
+Quartilla, with her robe tucked high, held up her whalebone wand and
+ordered him to give the unhappy wretches quarter. Both of us then took a
+most solemn oath that so dread a secret should perish with us. Several
+wrestling instructors appeared and refreshed us, worn out as we were, by
+a massage with pure oil, and when our fatigue had abated, we again donned
+our dining clothes and were escorted to the next room, in which were
+placed three couches, and where all the essentials necessary to a
+splendid banquet were laid out in all their richness. We took our
+places, as requested, and began with a wonderful first course. We were
+all but submerged in Falernian wine. When several other courses had
+followed, and we were endeavoring to keep awake Quartilla exclaimed, "How
+dare you think of going to sleep when you know that the vigil of Priapus
+is to be kept?"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-SECOND.
+
+Worn out by all his troubles, Ascyltos commenced to nod, and the maid,
+whom he had slighted, and of course insulted, smeared lampblack all over
+his face, and painted his lips and shoulders with vermillion, while he
+drowsed. Completely exhausted by so many untoward adventures, I, too,
+was enjoying the shortest of naps, the whole household, within and
+without, was doing the same, some were lying here and there asleep at our
+feet, others leaned against the walls, and some even slept head to head
+upon the threshold itself; the lamps, failing because of a lack of oil,
+shed a feeble and flickering light, when two Syrians, bent upon stealing
+an amphora of wine, entered the dining-room. While they were greedily
+pawing among the silver, they pulled the amphora in two, upsetting the
+table with all the silver plate, and a cup, which had flown pretty high,
+cut the head of the maid, who was drowsing upon a couch. She screamed at
+that, thereby betraying the thieves and wakening some of the drunkards.
+The Syrians, who had come for plunder, seeing that they were about to be
+detected, were so quick to throw themselves down besides a couch and
+commence to snore as if they had been asleep for a long time, that you
+would have thought they belonged there. The butler had gotten up and
+poured oil in the flickering lamps by this time, and the boys, having
+rubbed their eyes open, had returned to their duty, when in came a female
+cymbal player and the crashing brass awoke everybody.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-THIRD.
+
+The banquet began all over again, and Quartilla challenged us to a
+drinking-bout, the crash of the cymbals lending ardor to her revel.
+A catamite appeared, the stalest of all mankind, well worthy of that
+house. Heaving a sigh, he wrung his hands until the joints cracked,
+and spouted out the following verses,
+
+ "Hither, hither quickly gather, pathic companions boon;
+ Artfully stretch forth your limbs and on with the dance and play!
+ Twinkling feet and supple thighs and agile buttocks in tune,
+ Hands well skilled in raising passions, Delian eunuchs gay!"
+
+When he had finished his poetry, he slobbered a most evil-smelling kiss
+upon me, and then, climbing upon my couch, he proceeded with all his
+might and main to pull all of my clothing off. I resisted to the limit
+of my strength. He manipulated my member for a long time, but all in
+vain. Gummy streams poured down his sweating forehead, and there was so
+much chalk in the wrinkles of his cheeks that you might have mistaken his
+face for a roofless wall, from which the plaster was crumbling in a rain.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FOURTH.
+
+Driven to the last extremity, I could no longer keep back the tears.
+"Madame," I burst out, "is this the night-cap which you ordered served to
+me?" Clapping her hands softly she cried out, "Oh you witty rogue, you
+are a fountain of repartee, but you never knew before that a catamite was
+called a k-night-cap, now did you?" Then, fearing my companion would come
+off better than I, "Madame," I said, "I leave it to your sense of
+fairness: is Ascyltos to be the only one in this dining-room who keeps
+holiday?" "Fair enough," conceded Quartilla, "let Ascyltos have his
+k-night-cap too!" On hearing that, the catamite changed mounts, and,
+having bestridden my comrade, nearly drove him to distraction with his
+buttocks and his kisses. Giton was standing between us and splitting his
+sides with laughter when Quartilla noticed him, and actuated by the
+liveliest curiosity, she asked whose boy he was, and upon my answering
+that he was my "brother," "Why has he not kissed me then?" she
+demanded. Calling him to her, she pressed a kiss upon his mouth, then
+putting her hand beneath his robe, she took hold of his little member, as
+yet so undeveloped. "This," she remarked, "shall serve me very well
+tomorrow, as a whet to my appetite, but today I'll take no common fare
+after choice fish!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FIFTH.
+
+She was still talking when Psyche, who was giggling, came to her side and
+whispered something in her ear. What it was, I did not catch. "By all
+means," ejaculated Quartilla, "a brilliant idea! Why shouldn't our
+pretty little Pannychis lose her maidenhead when the opportunity is so
+favorable?" A little girl, pretty enough, too, was led in at once; she
+looked to be not over seven years of age, and she was the same one who
+had before accompanied Quartilla to our room. Amidst universal applause,
+and in response to the demands of all, they made ready to perform the
+nuptial rites. I was completely out of countenance, and insisted that
+such a modest boy as Giton was entirely unfitted for such a wanton part,
+and moreover, that the child was not of an age at which she could receive
+that which a woman must take. "Is that so," Quartilla scoffed, "is she
+any younger than I was, when I submitted to my first man? Juno, my
+patroness, curse me if I can remember the time when I ever was a virgin,
+for I diverted myself with others of my own age, as a child then as the
+years passed, I played with bigger boys, until at last I reached my
+present age. I suppose that this explains the origin of the proverb,
+'Who carried the calf may carry the bull,' as they say." As I feared
+that Giton might run greater risk if I were absent, I got up to take
+part in the ceremony.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-SIXTH.
+
+Psyche had already enveloped the child's head in the bridal-veil, the
+catamite, holding a torch, led the long procession of drunken women which
+followed; they were clapping their hands, having previously decked out
+the bridal-bed with a suggestive drapery. Quartilla, spurred on by the
+wantonness of the others, seized hold of Giton and drew him into the
+bridal-chamber. There was no doubt of the boy's perfect willingness to
+go, nor was the girl at all alarmed at the name of marriage. When they
+were finally in bed, and the door shut, we seated ourselves outside the
+door of the bridal-chamber, and Quartilla applied a curious eye to a
+chink, purposely made, watching their childish dalliance with lascivious
+attention. She then drew me gently over to her side that I might share
+the spectacle with her, and when we both attempted to peep our faces were
+pressed against each other; whenever she was not engrossed in the
+performance, she screwed up her lips to meet mine, and pecked at me
+continually with furtive kisses. [A thunderous hammering was heard at
+the door, while all this was going on, and everyone wondered what this
+unexpected interruption could mean, when we saw a soldier, one of the
+night-watch, enter with a drawn sword in his hand, and surrounded by a
+crowd of young rowdies. He glared about him with savage eyes and
+blustering mien, and, catching sight of Quartilla, presently, "What's up
+now, you shameless woman," he bawled; "what do you mean by making game of
+me with lying promises, and cheating me out of the night you promised me?
+But you won't get off unpunished You and that lover of yours are going to
+find out that I'm a man!" At the soldier's orders, his companion bound
+Quartilla and myself together, mouth to mouth, breast to breast, and
+thigh to thigh; and not without a great deal of laughter. Then the
+catamite, also at the soldier's order, began to beslaver me all over with
+the fetid kisses of his stinking mouth, a treatment I could neither fly
+from, nor in any other way avoid. Finally, he ravished me, and worked
+his entire pleasure upon me. In the meantime, the satyrion which I had
+drunk only a little while before spurred every nerve to lust and I began
+to gore Quartilla impetuously, and she, burning with the same passion,
+reciprocated in the game. The rowdies laughed themselves sick, so moved
+were they by that ludicrous scene, for here was I, mounted by the stalest
+of catamites, involuntarily and almost unconsciously responding with as
+rapid a cadence to him as Quartilla did in her wriggling under me. While
+this was going on, Pannychis, unaccustomed at her tender years to the
+pastime of Venus, raised an outcry and attracted the attention of the
+soldier, by this unexpected howl of consternation, for this slip of a
+girl was being ravished, and Giton the victor, had won a not bloodless
+victory. Aroused by what he saw, the soldier rushed upon them, seizing
+Pannychis, then Giton, then both of them together, in a crushing embrace.
+The virgin burst into tears and plead with him to remember her age, but
+her prayers availed her nothing, the soldier only being fired the more by
+her childish charms. Pannychis covered her head at last, resolved to
+endure whatever the Fates had in store for her. At this instant, an old
+woman, the very same who had tricked me on that day when I was hunting
+for our lodging, came to the aid of Pannychis, as though she had dropped
+from the clouds. With loud cries, she rushed into the house, swearing
+that a gang of footpads was prowling about the neighborhood and the
+people invoked the help of "All honest men," in vain, for the members of
+the night-watch were either asleep or intent upon some carouse, as they
+were nowhere to be found. Greatly terrified at this, the soldier rushed
+headlong from Quartilla's house. His companions followed after him,
+freeing Pannychis from impending danger and relieving the rest of us from
+our fear.] (I was so weary of Quartilla's lechery that I began to
+meditate means of escape. I made my intentions known to Ascyltos, who,
+as he wished to rid himself of the importunities of Psyche, was
+delighted; had not Giton been shut up in the bridal-chamber, the plan
+would have presented no difficulties, but we wished to take him with us,
+and out of the way of the viciousness of these prostitutes. We were
+anxiously engaged in debating this very point, when Pannychis fell out of
+bed, and dragged Giton after her, by her own weight. He was not hurt,
+but the girl gave her head a slight bump, and raised such a clamor that
+Quartilla, in a terrible fright, rushed headlong into the room, giving us
+the opportunity of making off. We did not tarry, but flew back to our
+inn where,) throwing ourselves upon the bed, we passed the remainder of
+the night without fear. (Sallying forth next day, we came upon two of
+our kidnappers, one of whom Ascyltos savagely attacked the moment he set
+eyes upon him, and, after having thrashed and seriously wounded him,
+he ran to my aid against the other. He defended himself so stoutly,
+however, that he wounded us both, slightly, and escaped unscathed.) The
+third day had now dawned, the date set for the free dinner (at
+Trimalchio's,) but battered as we were, flight seemed more to our taste
+than quiet, so (we hastened to our inn and, as our wounds turned out to
+be trifling, we dressed them with vinegar and oil, and went to bed. The
+ruffian whom we had done for, was still lying upon the ground and we
+feared detection.) Affairs were at this pass, and we were framing
+melancholy excuses with which to evade the coming revel, when a slave of
+Agamemnon's burst in upon our trembling conclave and said, "Don't you
+know with whom your engagement is today? The exquisite Trimalchio, who
+keeps a clock and a liveried bugler in his dining-room, so that he can
+tell, instantly, how much of his life has run out!" Forgetting all our
+troubles at that, we dressed hurriedly and ordered Giton, who had very
+willingly performed his servile office, to follow us to the bath.
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+Boys play in the schools, the young men are laughed at
+Deferred pleasures are a long time coming
+Egyptians "commercialized" that incomparable art
+Errors committed in the name of religion
+Everything including the children, is devoted to ambition
+Laughed ourselves out of a most disgraceful quarrel
+No one will confess the errors he was taught in his school days
+Priests, animated by an hypocritical mania for prophecy
+See or hear nothing at all of the affairs of every-day life
+The teachers, who must gibber with lunatics
+They secure their ends, save by setting snares for the ears
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Satyricon, Vol. 1, Introduction
+by Petronius Arbiter
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook The Satyricon of Petronius Arbiter, v1
+#1 in our series by Petronius Arbiter (Translated by Firebaugh)
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the
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+**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
+
+**EBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
+
+*****These EBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers*****
+
+
+Title: The Satyricon, v1, Introduction
+
+Author: Petronius Arbiter
+
+Release Date: March, 2004 [EBook #5218]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on June 8, 2002]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+
+
+
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SATYRICON OF PETRONIUS, V1 ***
+
+
+
+This eBook was produced by David Widger <widger@cecomet.net>
+
+
+
+[NOTE: There is a short list of bookmarks, or pointers, at the end of the
+file for those who may wish to sample the author's ideas before making an
+entire meal of them. D.W.]
+
+
+
+
+
+ THE SATYRICON OF
+ PETRONIUS ARBITER
+
+ Complete and unexpurgated translation by W. C. Firebaugh,
+ in which are incorporated the forgeries of Nodot and Marchena,
+ and the readings introduced into the text by De Salas.
+
+
+Among the difficulties which beset the path of the conscientious
+translator, a sense of his own unworthiness must ever take precedence;
+but another, scarcely less disconcerting, is the likelihood of
+misunderstanding some allusion which was perfectly familiar to the author
+and his public, but which, by reason of its purely local significance,
+is obscure and subject to the misinterpretation and emendation of a later
+generation.
+
+A translation worthy of the name is as much the product of a literary
+epoch as it is of the brain and labor of a scholar; and Melmouth's
+version of the letters of Pliny the Younger, made, as it was, at a
+period when the art of English letter writing had attained its highest
+excellence, may well be the despair of our twentieth century apostles of
+specialization. Who, today, could imbue a translation of the Golden Ass
+with the exquisite flavor of William Adlington's unscholarly version of
+that masterpiece? Who could rival Arthur Golding's rendering of the
+Metamorphoses of Ovid, or Francis Hicke's masterly rendering of Lucian's
+True History? But eternal life means endless change and in nothing is
+this truth more strikingly manifest than in the growth and decadence of
+living languages and in the translation of dead tongues into the ever
+changing tissue of the living. Were it not for this, no translation
+worthy of the name would ever stand in need of revision, except in
+instances where the discovery and collation of fresh manuscripts had
+improved the text. In the case of an author whose characters speak in
+the argot proper to their surroundings, the necessity for revision is
+even more imperative; the change in the cultured speech of a language is
+a process that requires years to become pronounced, the evolution of
+slang is rapid and its usage ephemeral. For example Stephen Gaselee, in
+his bibliography of Petronius, calls attention to Harry Thurston Peck's
+rendering of "bell um pomum" by "he's a daisy," and remarks,
+appropriately enough, "that this was well enough for 1898; but we would
+now be more inclined to render it "he's a peach." Again, Peck renders
+"illud erat vivere" by "that was life," but, in the words of our lyric
+American jazz, we would be more inclined to render it "that was the
+life." "But," as Professor Gaselee has said, "no rendering of this part
+of the Satyricon can be final, it must always be in the slang of the
+hour."
+
+"Some," writes the immortal translator of Rabelais, in his preface,
+"have deservedly gained esteem by translating; yet not many condescend
+to translate but such as cannot invent; though to do the first well,
+requires often as much genius as to do the latter. I wish, reader,
+thou mayest be as willing to do the author justice, as I have strove
+to do him right."
+
+Many scholars have lamented the failure of Justus Lipsius to comment upon
+Petronius or edit an edition of the Satyricon. Had he done so, he might
+have gone far toward piercing the veil of darkness which enshrouds the
+authorship of the work and the very age in which the composer flourished.
+To me, personally, the fact that Laurence Sterne did not undertake a
+version, has caused much regret. The master who delineated Tristram
+Shandy's father and the intrigue between the Widow Wadman and Uncle Toby
+would have drawn Trimalchio and his peers to admiration.
+
+ W. C. F.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+PREFACE
+INTRODUCTION
+THE SATYRICON
+NOTES
+ PROSTITUTION
+ PAEDERASTIA
+ CHAPTER NOTES
+ 9 Gladiator obscene
+ 17 Impotence
+ 26 Peepholes in brothels
+ 34 Silver Skeleton
+ 36 Marsyas
+ 40 A pie full of birds
+ 56 Contumelia
+ 116 Life in Rome
+ 116 Legacy hunting
+ 119 Castration
+ 127 Circe's voice
+ 131 Sputum in charms
+ 131 The "infamous finger"
+ 138 The dildo
+ The Cordax
+
+SIX NOTES BY MARCHENA
+ Introduction
+ I Soldiers in love
+ II Courtesans
+ III Greek love
+ IV Pollution
+ V Virginity
+ VI Pandars
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+Of the many masterpieces which classical antiquity has bequeathed to
+modern times, few have attained, at intervals, to such popularity; few
+have so gripped the interest of scholars and men of letters, as has this
+scintillating miscellany known as the Satyricon, ascribed by tradition to
+that Petronius who, at the court of Nero, acted as arbiter of elegance
+and dictator of fashion. The flashing, wit, the masterly touches which
+bring out the characters with all the detail of a fine old copper
+etching; the marvelous use of realism by this, its first prophet; the
+sure knowledge of the perspective and background best adapted to each
+episode; the racy style, so smooth, so elegant, so simple when the
+educated are speaking, beguile the reader and blind him, at first, to the
+many discrepancies and incoherences with which the text, as we have it,
+is marred. The more one concentrates upon this author, the more apparent
+these faults become and the more one regrets the lacunae in the text.
+Notwithstanding numerous articles which deal with this work, some from
+the pens of the most profound scholars, its author is still shrouded in
+the mists of uncertainty and conjecture. He is as impersonal as
+Shakespeare, as aloof as Flaubert, in the opinion of Charles Whibley,
+and, it may be added, as genial as Rabelais; an enigmatic genius whose
+secret will never be laid bare with the resources at our present command.
+As I am not writing for scholars, I do not intend going very deeply into
+the labyrinth of critical controversy which surrounds the author and the
+work, but I shall deal with a few of the questions which, if properly
+understood, will enhance the value of the Satyricon, and contribute, in
+some degree, to a better understanding of the author. For the sake of
+convenience the questions discussed in this introduction will be arranged
+in the following order:
+
+1. The Satyricon.
+
+2. The Author.
+ a His Character.
+ b His Purpose in Writing.
+ c Time in which the Action is placed.
+ d Localization of the Principal Episode.
+
+3. Realism.
+ a Influence of the Satyricon upon the Literature of the World.
+
+4. The Forgeries.
+
+
+
+I
+
+THE SATYRICON. Heinsius and Scaliger derive the word from the Greek,
+whence comes our English word satyr, but Casaubon, Dacier and Spanheim
+derive it from the Latin 'satura,' a plate filled with different kinds
+of food, and they refer to Porphyrion's 'multis et variis rebus hoc
+carmen refertum est.'
+
+The text, as we possess it, may be divided into three divisions: the
+first and last relate the adventures of Encolpius and his companions, the
+second, which is a digression, describes the Dinner of Trimalchio. That
+the work was originally divided into books, we had long known from
+ancient glossaries, and we learn, from the title of the Traguriensian
+manuscript, that the fragments therein contained are excerpts from the
+fifteenth and sixteenth books. An interpolation of Fulgentius (Paris
+7975) attributes to Book Fourteen the scene related in Chapter 20 of the
+work as we have it, and the glossary of St. Benedict Floriacensis cites
+the passage 'sed video te totum in illa haerere, quae Troiae halosin
+ostendit (Chapter 89), as from Book Fifteen. As there is no reason to
+suppose that the chapters intervening between the end of the Cena
+(Chapter 79) and Chapter 89 are out of place, it follows that this
+passage may have belonged to Book Sixteen, or even Seventeen, but that it
+could not have belonged to Book Fifteen. From the interpolation of
+Fulgentius we may hazard the opinion that the beginning of the fragments,
+as we possess them (Chapters 1 to 26), form part of Book Fourteen. The
+Dinner of Trimalchio probably formed a complete book, fifteen, and the
+continuation of the adventures of Encolpius down to his meeting with
+Eumolpus (end of Chapter 140) Book Sixteen. The discomfiture of Eumolpus
+should have closed this book but not the entire work, as the exit of the
+two principal characters is not fixed at the time our fragments come to
+an end. The original work, then, would probably have exceeded Tom Jones
+in length.
+
+
+
+II
+
+THE AUTHOR.
+
+a--"Not often," says Studer (Rheinisches Museum, 1843), "has there been
+so much dispute about the author, the times, the character and the
+purpose of a writing of antiquity as about the fragments of the Satyricon
+of Petronius." The discovery and publication of the Trau manuscript
+brought about a literary controversy which has had few parallels, and
+which has not entirely died out to this day, although the best
+authorities ascribe the work to Caius Petronius, the Arbiter Elegantiarum
+at the court of Nero. "The question as to the date of the narrative of
+the adventures of Encolpius and his boon companions must be regarded as
+settled," says Theodor Mommsen (Hermes, 1878); "this narrative is
+unsurpassed in originality and mastery of treatment among the writings of
+Roman literature. Nor does anyone doubt the identity of its author and
+the Arbiter Elegantiarum of Nero, whose end Tacitus relates."
+
+In any case, the author of this work, if it be the work of one brain,
+must have been a profound psychologist, a master of realism, a
+natural-born story teller, and a gentleman.
+
+
+b--His principal object in writing the work was to amuse but, in amusing,
+he also intended to pillory the aristocracy and his wit is as keen as the
+point of a rapier; but, when we bear in mind the fact that he was an
+ancient, we will find that his cynicism is not cruel, in him there is
+none of the malignity of Aristophanes; there is rather the attitude of
+the refined patrician who is always under the necessity of facing those
+things which he holds most in contempt, the supreme artist who suffers
+from the multitude of bill-boards, so to speak, who lashes the posters
+but holds in pitying contempt those who know so little of true art that
+they mistake those posters for the genuine article. Niebuhr's estimate
+of his character is so just and free from prejudice, and proceeds from
+a mind which, in itself, was so pure and wholesome, that I will quote it:
+
+"All great dramatic poets are endowed with the power of creating beings
+who seem to act and speak with perfect independence, so that the poet is
+nothing more than the relator of what takes place. When Goethe had
+conceived Faust and Margarete, Mephistopheles and Wagner, they moved and
+had their being without any exercise of his will. But in the peculiar
+power which Petronius exercises, in its application to every scene, to
+every individual character, in everything, noble or mean, which he
+undertakes, I know of but one who is fully equal to the Roman, and that
+is Diderot. Trimalchio and Agamemnon might have spoken for Petronius,
+and the nephew Rameau and the parson Papin for Diderot, in every
+condition and on every occasion inexhaustibly, out of their own nature;
+just so the purest and noblest souls, whose kind was, after all, not
+entirely extinct in their day.
+
+"Diderot and a contemporary, related to him in spirit, Count Gaspar
+Gozzi, are marked with the same cynicism which disfigures the Roman;
+their age, like his, had become shameless. But as the two former were in
+their heart noble, upright, and benevolent men, and as in the writings of
+Diderot genuine virtue and a tenderness unknown to his contemporaries
+breathe, so the peculiarity of such a genius can, as it seems, be given
+to a noble and elevated being only. The deep contempt for prevailing
+immorality which naturally leads to cynicism, and a heart which beats for
+everything great and glorious,--virtues which then had no existence,--
+speak from the pages of the Roman in a language intelligible to every
+susceptible heart."
+
+
+e--Beck, in his paper, "The Age of Petronius Arbiter," concluded that the
+author lived and wrote between the years 6 A.D. and 34 A.D., but he
+overlooked the possibility that the author might have lived a few years
+later, written of conditions as they were in his own times, and yet laid
+the action of his novel a few years before. Mommsen and Haley place the
+time under Augustus, Buecheler, about 36-7 A.D., and Friedlaender under
+Nero.
+
+
+d--La Porte du Theil places the scene at Naples because of the fact the
+city in which our heroes met Agamemnon must have been of some
+considerable size because neither Encolpius nor Asclytos could find their
+way back to their inn, when once they had left it, because both were
+tired out from tramping around in search of it and because Giton had been
+so impressed with this danger that he took the precaution to mark the
+pillars with chalk in order that they might not be lost a second time.
+The Gulf of Naples is the only bit of coastline which fits the needs of
+the novel, hence the city must be Naples. The fact that neither of the
+characters knew the city proves that they had been recent arrivals, and
+this furnishes a clue, vague though it is, to what may have gone before.
+
+Haley, "Harvard Studies in Classical Philology," vol. II, makes out a
+very strong case for Puteoli, and his theory of the old town and the new
+town is as ingenious as it is able. Haley also has Trimalchio in his
+favor, as has also La Porte du Theil. "I saw the Sibyl at Cumae," says
+Trimalchio. Now if the scene of the dinner is actually at Cumae this
+sounds very peculiar; it might even be a gloss added by some copyist
+whose knowledge was not equal to his industry. On the other hand,
+suppose Trimalchio is speaking of something so commonplace in his
+locality that the second term has become a generic, then the difficulty
+disappears. We today, even though standing upon the very spot in Melos
+where the Venus was unearthed, would still refer to her as the Venus de
+Melos. Friedlaender, in bracketing Cumis, has not taken this
+sufficiently into consideration. Mommsen, in an excellent paper (Hermes,
+1878), has laid the scene at Cumae. His logic is almost unanswerable,
+and the consensus of opinion is in favor of the latter town.
+
+
+
+III
+
+REALISM. Realism, as we are concerned with it, may be defined as the
+literary effect produced by the marshaling of details in their exactitude
+for the purpose of bringing out character. The fact that they may be
+ugly and vulgar the reverse, makes not the slightest difference. The
+modern realist contemplates the inanimate things which surround us with
+peculiar complaisance, and it is right that he should as these things
+exert upon us a constant and secret influence. The workings of the human
+mind, in complex civilizations, are by no means simple; they are involved
+and varied: our thoughts, our feelings, our wills, associate themselves
+with an infinite number of sensations and images which play one upon the
+other, and which individualize, in some measure, every action we commit,
+and stamp it. The merit of our modern realists lies in the fact that
+they have studied the things which surround us and our relations to them,
+and thus have they been able to make their creations conform to human
+experience. The ancients gave little attention to this; the man, with
+them, was the important thing; the environment the unimportant. There
+are, of course, exceptions; the interview between Ulysses and Nausiskaa
+is probably the most striking. From the standpoint of environment,
+Petronius, in the greater portion of his work, is an ancient; but one
+exception there is, and it is as brilliant as it is important. The
+entire episode, in which Trimalchio figures, offers an incredible
+abundance of details. The descriptions are exhaustive and minute, but
+the author's prime purpose was not description, it was to bring out the
+characters, it was to pillory the Roman aristocracy, it was to amuse!
+Cicero, in his prosecution of Verres, had shown up this aristocracy in
+all its brutality and greed, it remained for the author of the Cena to
+hold its absurdity up to the light of day, to lash an extravagance which,
+though utterly unbridled, was yet unable to exhaust the looted
+accumulations of years of political double dealing and malfeasance in
+office. Trimalchio's introduction is a masterstroke, the porter at the
+door is another, the effect of the wine upon the women, their jealousy
+lest either's husband should seem more liberal, their appraisal of each
+other's jewelry, Scintilla's remark anent the finesse of Habinnas'
+servant in the mere matter of pandering, the blear-eyed and black-toothed
+slave, teasing a little bitch disgustingly fat, offering her pieces of
+bread and when, from sheer inability, she refuses to eat, cramming it
+down her throat, the effect of the alcohol upon Trimalchio, the little
+old lady girded round with a filthy apron, wearing clogs which were not
+mates, dragging in a huge dog on a chain, the incomparable humor in the
+passage in which Hesus, desperately seasick, sees that which makes him
+believe that even worse misfortunes are in store for him: these details
+are masterpieces of realism. The description of the night-prowling
+shyster lawyer, whose forehead is covered with sebaceous wens, is the
+very acme of propriety; our first meeting; with the poet Eumolpus is a
+beautiful study in background and perspective. Nineteen centuries have
+gone their way since this novel was written, but if we look about us we
+will be able to recognize, under the veneer of civilization, the
+originals of the Satyricon and we will find that here, in a little corner
+of the Roman world, all humanity was held in miniature. Petronius must
+be credited with the great merit of having introduced realism into the
+novel. By an inspiration of genius, he saw that the framework of
+frivolous and licentious novels could be enlarged until it took in
+contemporary custom and environment. It is that which assures for him
+an eminent place, not in Roman literature alone, but in the literature
+of the world.
+
+a--INFLUENCE OF THE SATYRICON UPON LITERATURE. The vagrant heroes of
+Petronius are the originals from whom directly, or indirectly, later
+authors drew that inspiration which resulted in the great mass of
+picaresque fiction; but, great as this is, it is not to this that the
+Satyricon owes its powerful influence upon the literature of the world.
+It is to the author's recognition of the importance of environment,
+of the vital role of inanimate surroundings as a means for bringing out
+character and imbuing his episodes and the actions of his characters with
+an air of reality and with those impulses and actions which are common to
+human experience, that his influence is due. By this, the Roman created
+a new style of writing and inaugurated a class of literature which was
+without parallel until the time of Apuleius and, in a lesser degree, of
+Lucian. This class of literature, though modified essentially from age
+to age, in keeping with the dictates of moral purity or bigotry, innocent
+or otherwise, has come to be the very stuff of which literary success in
+fiction is made. One may write a successful book without a thread of
+romance; one cannot write a successful romance without some knowledge of
+realism; the more intimate the knowledge the better the book, and it is
+frequently to this that the failure of a novel is due, although the
+critic might be at a loss to explain it. Petronius lies behind Tristram
+Shandy, his influence can be detected in Smollett, and even Fielding paid
+tribute to him.
+
+
+
+IV
+
+FORGERIES OF PETRONIUS.
+
+From the very nature of the writings of such an author as Petronius, it
+is evident that the gaps in the text would have a marked tendency to
+stimulate the curiosity of literary forgers and to tempt their sagacity,
+literary or otherwise. The recovery of the Trimalchionian episode, and
+the subsequent pamphleteering would by no means eradicate this "cacoethes
+emendandi."
+
+When, circa 1650, the library of the unfortunate Nicolas Cippico yielded
+up the Trau fragment, the news of this discovery spread far and wide and
+about twelve years later, Statileo, in response to the repeated requests
+of the Venetian ambassador, Pietro Basadonna, made with his own hand a
+copy of the MS., which he sent to Basadonna. The ambassador, in turn,
+permitted this MS. to be printed by one Frambotti, a printer endowed with
+more industry than critical acumen, and the resultant textual conflation
+had much to do with the pamphlet war which followed. Had this Paduan
+printer followed the explicit directions which he received, and printed
+exactly what was given him much good paper might have been saved and a
+very interesting chapter in the history of literary forgery would
+probably never have been written. The pamphlet war did not die out until
+Bleau, in 1670-71, printed his exact reproduction of the Trau manuscript
+and the corrections introduced by that licentiousness of emendation of
+which we have spoken.
+
+In October, 1690, Francois Nodot, a French soldier of fortune, a
+commissary officer who combined belles lettres and philosophy with his
+official duties, wrote to Charpentier, President of the Academy of
+France, calling, his attention to a copy of a manuscript which he (Nodot)
+possessed, and which came into his hands in the following manner: one
+Du Pin, a French officer detailed to service with Austria, had been
+present at the sack of Belgrade in 1688. That this Du Pin had, while
+there, made the acquaintance of a certain Greek renegade, having, as a
+matter of fact, stayed in the house of this renegade. The Greek's
+father, a man of some learning, had by some means come into possession of
+the MS., and Du Pin, in going through some of the books in the house, had
+come across it. He had experienced the utmost difficulty in deciphering
+the letters, and finally, driven by curiosity, had retained a copyist and
+had it copied out. That this Du Pin had this copy in his house at
+Frankfort, and that he had given Nodot to understand that if he (Nodot)
+came to Frankfort, he would be permitted to see this copy. Owing to the
+exigencies of military service, Nodot had been unable to go in person to
+Frankfort, and that he had therefore availed himself of the friendly
+interest and services of a certain merchant of Frankfort, who had
+volunteered to find an amanuensis, have a copy made, and send it to
+Nodot. This was done, and Nodot concludes his letter to Charpentier by
+requesting the latter to lay the result before the Academy and ask for
+their blessing and approval. These Nodotian Supplements were accepted as
+authentic by the Academics of Arles and Nimes, as well as by Charpentier.
+In a short time, however, the voices of scholarly skeptics began to be
+heard in the land, and accurate and unbiased criticism laid bare the
+fraud. The Latinity was attacked and exception taken to Silver Age
+prose in which was found a French police regulation which required newly
+arrived travellers to register their names in the book of a police
+officer of an Italian village of the first century. Although they are
+still retained in the text by some editors, this is done to give some
+measure of continuity to an otherwise interrupted narrative, but they can
+only serve to distort the author and obscure whatever view of him the
+reader might otherwise have reached. They are generally printed between
+brackets or in different type.
+
+In 1768 another and far abler forger saw the light of day. Jose
+Marchena, a Spaniard of Jewish extraction, was destined for an
+ecclesiastical career. He received an excellent education which served
+to fortify a natural bent toward languages and historical criticism. In
+his early youth he showed a marked preference for uncanonical pursuits
+and heretical doctrines and before he had reached his thirtieth year
+prudence counseled him to prevent the consequences of his heresy and
+avoid the too pressing Inquisition by a timely flight into France.
+He arrived there in time to throw himself into the fight for liberty,
+and in 1800 we find him at Basle attached to the staff of General Moreau.
+While there he is said to have amused himself and some of his cronies by
+writing notes on what Davenport would have called "Forbidden Subjects,"
+and, as a means of publishing his erotic lucubrations, he constructed
+this fragment, which brings in those topics on which he had enlarged.
+He translated the fragment into French, attached his notes, and issued
+the book. There is another story to the effect that he had been
+reprimanded by Moreau for having written a loose song and that he
+exculpated himself by assuring the general that it was but a new fragment
+of Petronius which he had translated. Two days later he had the fragment
+ready to prove his contention.
+
+This is the account given by his Spanish biographer. In his preface,
+dedicated to the Army of the Rhine, he states that he found the fragment
+in a manuscript of the work of St. Gennadius on the Duties of Priests,
+probably of the XI Century. A close examination revealed the fact that
+it was a palimpsest which, after treatment, permitted the restoration of
+this fragment. It is supposed to supply the gap in Chapter 26 after the
+word "verberabant."
+
+Its obscenity outrivals that of the preceding text, and the grammar,
+style, and curiosa felicitas Petroniana make it an almost perfect
+imitation. There is no internal evidence of forgery. If the text is
+closely scrutinized it will be seen that it is composed of words and
+expressions taken from various parts of the Satyricon, "and that in every
+line it has exactly the Petronian turn of phrase."
+
+"Not only is the original edition unprocurable," to quote again from
+Mr. Gaselee's invaluable bibliography, "but the reprint at Soleure
+(Brussels), 1865, consisted of only 120 copies, and is hard to find.
+The most accessible place for English readers is in Bohn's translation,
+in which, however, only the Latin text is given; and the notes were a
+most important part of the original work."
+
+These notes, humorously and perhaps sarcastically ascribed to Lallemand,
+Sanctae Theologiae Doctor, "are six in number (all on various forms of
+vice); and show great knowledge, classical and sociological, of unsavory
+subjects. Now that the book is too rare to do us any harm, we may admit
+that the pastiche was not only highly amusing, but showed a perverse
+cleverness amounting almost to genius."
+
+Marchena died at Madrid in great poverty in 1821. A contemporary has
+described him as being rather short and heavy set in figure, of great
+frontal development, and vain beyond belief. He considered himself
+invincible where women were concerned. He had a peculiar predilection
+in the choice of animal pets and was an object of fear and curiosity
+to the towns people. His forgery might have been completely successful
+had he not acknowledged it himself within two or three years after the
+publication of his brochure. The fragment will remain a permanent
+tribute to the excellence of his scholarship, but it is his Ode to Christ
+Crucified which has made him more generally known, and it is one of the
+ironies of fate that caused this deformed giant of sarcasm to compose a
+poem of such tender and touching piety.
+
+Very little is known about Don Joe Antonio Gonzalez de Salas, whose
+connecting passages, with the exception of one which is irrelevant, are
+here included.
+
+The learned editors of the Spanish encyclopedia naively preface their
+brief sketch with the following assertion: "no tenemos noticias de su
+vida." De Salas was born in 1588 and died in 1654. His edition of
+Petronius was first issued in 1629 and re-issued in 1643 with a copper
+plate of the Editor. The Paris edition, from which he says he supplied
+certain deficiencies in the text, is unknown to bibliographers and is
+supposed to be fictitious.
+
+To distinguish the spurious passages, as a point of interest, in the
+present edition, the forgeries of Nodot are printed within round
+brackets, the forgery of Marchena within square brackets, and the
+additions of De Salas in italics {In this PG etext in curly brackets}.
+
+The work is also accompanied by a translation of the six notes, the
+composition of which led Marchena to forge the fragment which first
+appeared in the year 1800. These have never before been translated.
+
+Thanks are due Ralph Straus, Esq., and Professor Stephen Gaselee.
+
+
+
+
+ THE SATYRICON OF
+ PETRONIUS ARBITER
+
+
+BRACKET CODE:
+ (Forgeries of Nodot)
+ [Forgeries of Marchena]
+ {Additions of De Salas}
+ DW
+
+
+VOLUME 1.--ADVENTURES OF ENCOLPIUS AND HIS COMPANIONS
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FIRST.
+
+(It has been so long; since I promised you the story of my adventures,
+that I have decided to make good my word today; and, seeing that we have
+thus fortunately met, not to discuss scientific matters alone, but also
+to enliven our jolly conversation with witty stories. Fabricius Veiento
+has already spoken very cleverly on the errors committed in the name of
+religion, and shown how priests, animated by an hypocritical mania for
+prophecy, boldly expound mysteries which are too often such to
+themselves. But) are our rhetoricians tormented by another species of
+Furies when they cry, "I received these wounds while fighting for the
+public liberty; I lost this eye in your defense: give me a guide who will
+lead me to my children, my limbs are hamstrung and will not hold me up!"
+Even these heroics could be endured if they made easier the road to
+eloquence; but as it is, their sole gain from this ferment of matter and
+empty discord of words is, that when they step into the Forum, they think
+they have been carried into another world. And it is my conviction that
+the schools are responsible for the gross foolishness of our young men,
+because, in them, they see or hear nothing at all of the affairs of
+every-day life, but only pirates standing in chains upon the shore,
+tyrants scribbling edicts in which sons are ordered to behead their own
+fathers; responses from oracles, delivered in time of pestilence,
+ordering the immolation of three or more virgins; every word a honied
+drop, every period sprinkled with poppy-seed and sesame.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SECOND.
+
+Those who are brought up on such a diet can no more attain to wisdom than
+a kitchen scullion can attain to a keen sense of smell or avoid stinking
+of the grease. With your indulgence, I will speak out: you--teachers--
+are chiefly responsible for the decay of oratory. With your well
+modulated and empty tones you have so labored for rhetorical effect that
+the body of your speech has lost its vigor and died. Young men did not
+learn set speeches in the days when Sophocles and Euripides were
+searching for words in which to express themselves. In the days when
+Pindar and the nine lyric poets feared to attempt Homeric verse there was
+no private tutor to stifle budding genius. I need not cite the poets for
+evidence, for I do not find that either Plato or Demosthenes was given
+to this kind of exercise. A dignified and, if I may say it, a chaste,
+style, is neither elaborate nor loaded with ornament; it rises supreme by
+its own natural purity. This windy and high-sounding bombast, a recent
+immigrant to Athens, from Asia, touched with its breath the aspiring
+minds of youth, with the effect of some pestilential planet, and as soon
+as the tradition of the past was broken, eloquence halted and was
+stricken dumb. Since that, who has attained to the sublimity of
+Thucydides, who rivalled the fame of Hyperides? Not a single poem
+has glowed with a healthy color, but all of them, as though nourished
+on the same diet, lacked the strength to live to old age. Painting
+also suffered the same fate when the presumption of the Egyptians
+"commercialized" that incomparable art. (I was holding forth along these
+lines one day, when Agamemnon came up to us and scanned with a curious
+eye a person to whom the audience was listening so closely.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE THIRD.
+
+He would not permit me to declaim longer in the portico than he himself
+had sweat in the school, but exclaimed, "Your sentiments do not reflect
+the public taste, young man, and you are a lover of common sense, which
+is still more unusual. For that reason, I will not deceive you as to the
+secrets of my profession. The teachers, who must gibber with lunatics,
+are by no means to blame for these exercises. Unless they spoke in
+accordance with the dictates of their young pupils, they would, as Cicero
+remarks, be left alone in the schools! And, as designing parasites, when
+they seek invitations to the tables of the rich, have in mind nothing
+except what will, in their opinion, be most acceptable to their audience
+--for in no other way can they secure their ends, save by setting snares
+for the ears--so it is with the teachers of rhetoric, they might be
+compared with the fisherman, who, unless he baits his hook with what he
+knows is most appetizing to the little fish, may wait all day upon some
+rock, without the hope of a catch."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FOURTH.
+
+What, then, is there to do? The parents who are unwilling to permit
+their children to undergo a course of training under strict discipline,
+are the ones who deserve the reproof. In the first place, everything
+they possess, including the children, is devoted to ambition. Then, that
+their wishes may the more quickly be realized, they drive these unripe
+scholars into the forum, and the profession of eloquence, than which none
+is considered nobler, devolves upon boys who are still in the act of
+being born! If, however, they would permit a graded course of study to
+be prescribed, in order that studious boys might ripen their minds by
+diligent reading; balance their judgment by precepts of wisdom, correct
+their compositions with an unsparing pen, hear at length what they ought
+to imitate, and be convinced that nothing can be sublime when it is
+designed to catch the fancy of boys, then the grand style of oratory
+would immediately recover the weight and splendor of its majesty. Now
+the boys play in the schools, the young men are laughed at in the forum,
+and, a worse symptom than either, no one, in his old age, will confess
+the errors he was taught in his school days. But that you may not
+imagine that I disapprove of a jingle in the Lucilian manner, I will
+deliver my opinions in verse,--
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FIFTH.
+
+ "The man who emerges with fame, from the school of stern art,
+
+ Whose mind gropes for lofty ideals, to bring them to light,
+
+ Must first, under rigid frugality, study his part;
+
+ Nor yearn for the courts of proud princes who frown in their might:
+
+ Nor scheme with the riff-raf, a client in order to dine,
+
+ Nor can he with evil companions his wit drown in wine
+
+ Nor sit, as a hireling, applauding an actor's grimace.
+
+ But, whether the fortress of arms-bearing Tritonis smile
+
+ Upon him, or land which the Spartan colonials grace,
+
+ Or home of the sirens, with poetry let him beguile
+
+ The years of young manhood, and at the Maeonian spring
+
+ His fortunate soul drink its fill: Then, when later, the lore
+
+ Of Socrates' school he has mastered, the reins let him fling,
+
+ And brandish the weapons that mighty Demosthenes bore.
+
+ Then, steeped in the culture and music of Greece, let his taste
+
+ Be ripened and mellowed by all the great writers of Rome.
+
+ At first, let him haunt not the courts; let his pages be graced
+
+ By ringing and rhythmic effusions composed in his home
+
+ Next, banquets and wars be his theme, sung in soul-stirring chant,
+
+ In eloquent words such as undaunted Cicero chose.
+
+ Come! Gird up thy soul! Inspiration will then force a vent
+
+ And rush in a flood from a heart that is loved by the muse!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SIXTH.
+
+I was listening so attentively to this speech that I did not notice the
+flight of Ascyltos, and while I was pacing the gardens, engulfed in this
+flood-tide of rhetoric, a large crowd of students came out upon the
+portico, having, it would seem, just listened to an extemporaneous
+declamation, of I know not whom, the speaker of which had taken
+exceptions to the speech of Agamemnon. While, therefore, the young men
+were making fun of the sentiments of this last speaker, and criticizing
+the arrangement of the whole speech, I seized the opportunity and went
+after Ascyltos, on the run; but, as I neither held strictly to the road,
+nor knew where the inn was located, wherever I went, I kept coming back
+to the same place, until, worn out with running, and long since dripping
+with sweat, I approached a certain little old woman who sold country
+vegetables.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SEVENTH.
+
+"Please, mother," I wheedled, "you don't know where I lodge, do you?"
+Delighted with such humorous affability, "What's the reason I don't" she
+replied, and getting upon her feet, she commenced to walk ahead of me. I
+took her for a prophetess until, when presently we came to a more obscure
+quarter, the affable old lady pushed aside a crazy-quilt and remarked,
+"Here's where you ought to live," and when I denied that I recognized the
+house, I saw some men prowling stealthily between the rows of name-boards
+and naked prostitutes. Too late I realized that I had been led into a
+brothel. After cursing the wiles of the little old hag, I covered my
+head and commenced to run through the middle of the night-house to the
+exit opposite, when, lo and behold! whom should I meet on the very
+threshold but Ascyltos himself, as tired as I was, and almost dead; you
+would have thought that he had been brought by the self-same little old
+hag! I smiled at that, greeted him cordially, and asked him what he was
+doing in such a scandalous place.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE EIGHTH.
+
+Wiping away the sweat with his hands, he replied, "If you only knew what
+I have gone through!" "What was it?" I demanded. "A most respectable
+looking person came up to me," he made reply, "while I was wandering all
+over the town and could not find where I had left my inn, and very
+graciously offered to guide me. He led me through some very dark and
+crooked alleys, to this place, pulled out his tool, and commenced to beg
+me to comply with his appetite. A whore had already vacated her cell for
+an as, and he had laid hands upon me, and, but for the fact that I was
+the stronger, I would have been compelled to take my medicine." (While
+Ascyltos was telling me of his bad luck, who should come up again but
+this same very respectable looking person, in company with a woman not at
+all bad looking, and, looking at Ascyltos, he requested him to enter the
+house, assuring him that there was nothing to fear, and, since he was
+unwilling to take the passive part, he should have the active. The
+woman, on her part, urged me very persistently to accompany her, so we
+followed the couple, at last, and were conducted between the rows of
+name-boards, where we saw, in cells, many persons of each sex amusing
+themselves in such a manner) that it seemed to me that every one of them
+must have been drinking satyrion. (On catching sight of us, they
+attempted to seduce us with paederastic wantonness, and one wretch, with
+his clothes girded up, assaulted Ascyltos, and, having thrown him down
+upon a couch, attempted to gore him from above. I succored the sufferer
+immediately, however,) and having joined forces, we defied the
+troublesome wretch. (Ascyltos ran out of the house and took to his
+heels, leaving me as the object of their lewd attacks, but the crowd,
+finding me the stronger in body and purpose, let me go unharmed.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE NINTH.
+
+(After having tramped nearly all over the city,) I caught sight of Giton,
+as though through a fog, standing at the end of the street, (on the very
+threshold of the inn,) and I hastened to the same place. When I inquired
+whether my "brother" had prepared anything for breakfast, the boy sat
+down upon the bed and wiped away the trickling tears with his thumb.
+I was greatly disturbed by such conduct on the part of my "brother," and
+demanded to be told what had happened. After I had mingled threats with
+entreaties, he answered slowly and against his will, "That brother or
+comrade of yours rushed into the room a little while ago and commenced to
+attempt my virtue by force. When I screamed, he pulled out his tool and
+gritted out--If you're a Lucretia, you've found your Tarquin!" When I
+heard this, I shook my fists in Ascyltos' face, "What have you to say for
+yourself," I snarled, "you rutting pathic harlot, whose very breath is
+infected?" Ascyltos pretended to bristle up and, shaking his fists more
+boldly still, he roared: "Won't you keep quiet, you filthy gladiator, you
+who escaped from the criminal's cage in the amphitheatre to which you
+were condemned (for the murder of your host?) Won't you hold your
+tongue, you nocturnal assassin, who, even when you swived it bravely,
+never entered the lists with a decent woman in your life? Was I not a
+'brother' to you in the pleasure-garden, in the same sense as that in
+which this boy now is in this lodging-house?" "You sneaked away from the
+master's lecture," I objected.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TENTH. "What should I have done, you triple fool, when I was
+dying of hunger? I suppose I should have listened to opinions as much to
+the purpose as the tinkle of broken glass or the interpretation of
+dreams. By Hercules, you are much more deserving of censure than I, you
+who will flatter a poet so as to get an invitation to dinner!" Then we
+laughed ourselves out of a most disgraceful quarrel, and approached more
+peaceably whatever remained to be done. But the remembrance of that
+injury recurred to my mind and, "Ascyltos," I said, "I know we shall not
+be able to agree, so let us divide our little packs of common stock and
+try to defeat our poverty by our individual efforts. Both you and I know
+letters, but that I may not stand in the way of any undertaking of yours,
+I will take up some other profession. Otherwise, a thousand trifles will
+bring us into daily collision and furnish cause for gossip through the
+whole town." Ascyltos made no objection to this, but merely remarked,
+"As we, in our capacity of scholars, have accepted an invitation to
+dinner, for this date, let us not lose our night. Since it seems to be
+the graceful thing to do, I will look out for another lodging and another
+'brother,' tomorrow." "Deferred pleasures are a long time coming,"
+I sighed. It was lust that made this separation so hasty, for I had, for
+a long time, wished to be rid of a troublesome chaperon, so that I could
+resume my old relations with my Giton. (Bearing this affront with
+difficulty, Ascyltos rushed from the room, without uttering a word.
+Such a headlong outburst augured badly, for I well knew his ungovernable
+temper and his unbridled passion. On this account, I followed him out,
+desirous of fathoming his designs and of preventing their consequences,
+but he hid himself skillfully from my eyes, and all in vain, I searched
+for him for a long time.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE ELEVENTH.
+
+After having had the whole town under my eyes, I returned to the little
+room and, having claimed the kisses which were mine in good faith, I
+encircled the boy in the closest of embraces and enjoyed the effect of
+our happy vows to a point that might be envied. Nor had all the
+ceremonies been completed, when Ascyltos stole stealthily up to the
+outside of the door and, violently wrenching off the bars, burst in upon
+me, toying with my "brother." He filled the little room with his
+laughter and hand-clapping, pulled away the cloak which covered us, "What
+are you up to now, most sanctimonious 'brother'?" he jeered. "What's
+going on here, a blanket-wedding?" Nor did he confine himself to words,
+but, pulling the strap off his bag, he began to lash me very thoroughly,
+interjecting sarcasms the while, "This is the way you would share with
+your comrade, is it!" (The unexpectedness of the thing compelled me to
+endure the blows in silence and to put up with the abuse, so I smiled at
+my calamity, and very prudently, too, as otherwise I should have been put
+to the necessity of fighting with a rival. My pretended good humor
+soothed his anger, and at last, Ascyltos smiled as well. "See here,
+Encolpius," he said, "are you so engrossed with your debaucheries that
+you do not realize that our money is gone, and that what we have left is
+of no value? In the summer, times are bad in the city. The country is
+luckier, let's go and visit our friends." Necessity compelled the
+approval of this plan, and the repression of any sense of injury as well,
+so, loading Giton with our packs, we left the city and hastened to the
+country-seat of Lycurgus, a Roman knight. Inasmuch as Ascyltos has
+formerly served him in the capacity of "brother," he received us royally,
+and the company there assembled, rendered our stay still more delightful.
+In the first place, there was Tryphaena, a most beautiful woman, who had
+come in company with Lycas, the master of a vessel and owner of estates
+near the seashore. Although Lycurgus kept a frugal table, the pleasures
+we enjoyed in this most enchanting spot cannot be described in words.
+Of course you know that Venus joined us all up, as quickly as possible.
+The lovely Tryphaena pleased my taste, and listened willingly to my vows,
+but hardly had I had time to enjoy her favors when Lycas, in a towering
+rage because his preserves had been secretly invaded, demanded that I
+indemnify him in her stead. She was an old flame of his, so he broached
+the subject of a mutual exchange of favors. Burning with lust, he
+pressed his suit, but Tryphaena possessed my heart, and I said Lycas nay.
+By refusal, however, he was only made more ardent, followed me
+everywhere, entered my room at night, and, after his entreaties had met
+with contempt, he had recourse to violence against me, at which I yelled
+so lustily that I aroused the entire household, and, by the help of
+Lycurgus, I was delivered from the troublesome assault and escaped. At
+last, perceiving that the house of Lycurgus was not suitable to the
+prosecution of his design, he attempted to persuade me to seek his
+hospitality, and when his suggestion was refused, he made use of
+Tryphaena's influence over me. She besought me to comply with Lycas'
+desires, and she did this all the more readily as by that she hoped to
+gain more liberty of action. With affairs in this posture, I follow my
+love, but Lycurgus, who had renewed his old relations with Ascyltos,
+would not permit him to leave, so it was decided that he should remain
+with Lycurgus, but that we would accompany Lycas. Nevertheless, we had
+it understood among ourselves that whenever the opportunity presented
+itself, we would each pilfer whatever we could lay hands upon, for the
+betterment of the common stock. Lycas was highly delighted with my
+acceptance of his invitation and hastened our departure, so, bidding our
+friends good-bye, we arrived at his place on the very same day. Lycas
+had so arranged matters that, on the journey, he sat beside me, while
+Tryphaena was next to Giton, the reason for this being his knowledge
+of the woman's notorious inconstancy; nor was he deceived, for she
+immediately fell in love with the boy, and I easily perceived it.
+In addition, Lycas took the trouble of calling my attention to the
+situation, and laid stress upon the truth of what we saw. On this
+account, I received his advances more graciously, at which he was
+overjoyed. He was certain that contempt would be engendered from the
+inconstancy of my "sister," with the result that, being piqued at
+Tryphaena, I would all the more freely receive his advances. Now this
+was the state of affairs at the house of Lycas, Tryphaena was desperately
+in love with Giton, Giton's whole soul was aflame for her, neither of
+them was a pleasing sight to my eyes, and Lycas, studying to please me,
+arranged novel entertainments each day, which Doris, his lovely wife,
+seconded to the best of her ability, and so gracefully that she soon
+expelled Tryphaena from my heart. A wink of the eye acquainted Doris of
+my passion, a coquettish glance informed me of the state of her heart,
+and this silent language, anticipating the office of the tongue, secretly
+expressed that longing of our souls which we had both experienced at the
+same instant. The jealousy of Lycas, already well known to me, was the
+cause of my silence, but love itself revealed to the wife the designs
+which Lycas had upon me. At our first opportunity of exchanging
+confidences, she revealed to me what she had discovered and I candidly
+confessed, telling her of the coldness with which I had always met his
+advances. The far-sighted woman remarked that it would be necessary for
+us to use our wits. It turned out that her advice was sound, for I soon
+found out that complacency to the one meant possession of the other.
+Giton, in the meantime, was recruiting his exhausted strength, and
+Tryphaena turned her attention to me, but, meeting with a repulse, she
+flounced out in a rage. The next thing this burning harlot did was to
+discover my commerce with both husband and wife. As for his wantonness
+with me, she flung that aside, as by it she lost nothing, but she fell
+upon the secret gratifications of Doris and made them known to Lycas,
+who, his jealousy proving stronger than his lust, took steps to get
+revenge. Doris, however, forewarned by Tryphaena's maid, looked out
+for squalls and held aloof from any secret assignations. When I became
+aware of all this, I heartily cursed the perfidy of Tryphaena and the
+ungrateful soul of Lycas, and made up my mind to be gone. Fortune
+favored me, as it turned out, for a vessel sacred to Isis and laden with
+prize-money had, only the day before, run upon the rocks in the vicinity.
+After holding a consultation with Giton, at which he gladly gave consent
+to my plan, as Tryphaena visibly neglected him after having sapped his
+virility, we hastened to the sea-shore early on the following morning,
+and boarded the wreck, a thing easy of accomplishment as the watchmen,
+who were in the pay of Lycas, knew us well. But they were so attentive
+to us that there was no opportunity of stealing a thing until, having
+left Giton with them, I craftily slipped out of sight and sneaked aft
+where the statue of Isis stood, and despoiled it of a valuable mantle and
+a silver sistrum. From the master's cabin, I also pilfered other
+valuable trifles and, stealthily sliding down a rope, went ashore. Giton
+was the only one who saw me and he evaded the watchmen and slipped away
+after me. I showed him the plunder, when he joined me, and we decided
+to post with all speed to Ascyltos, but we did not arrive at the home of
+Lycurgus until the following day. In a few words I told Ascyltos of the
+robbery, when he joined us, and of our unfortunate love-affairs as well.
+He was for prepossessing the mind of Lycurgus in our favor, naming the
+increasing wantonness of Lycas as the cause of our secret and sudden
+change of habitation. When Lycurgus had heard everything, he swore
+that he would always be a tower of strength between us and our enemies.
+Until Tryphaena and Doris were awake and out of bed, our flight remained
+undiscovered, for we paid them the homage of a daily attendance at the
+morning toilette. When our unwonted absence was noted, Lycas sent out
+runners to comb the sea-shore, for he suspected that we had been to the
+wreck, but he was still unaware of the robbery, which was yet unknown
+because the stern of the wreck was lying away from the beach, and the
+master had not, as yet, gone back aboard. Lycas flew into a towering
+rage when our flight was established for certain, and railed bitterly at
+Doris, whom he considered as the moving factor in it. Of the hard words
+and the beating he gave her I will say nothing, for the particulars are
+not known to me, but I will affirm that Tryphaena, who was the sole cause
+of the unpleasantness, persuaded Lycas to hunt for his fugitives in the
+house of Lycurgus, which was our most probable sanctuary. She
+volunteered to accompany him in person, so that she could load us with
+the abuse which we deserved at her hands. They set out on the following
+day and arrived at the estate of Lycurgus, but we were not there, for he
+had taken us to a neighboring town to attend the feast of Hercules, which
+was there being celebrated. As soon as they found out about this, they
+hastened to take to the road and ran right into us in the portico of the
+temple. At sight of them, we were greatly put out, and Lycas held forth
+violently to Lycurgus, upon the subject of our flight, but he was met
+with raised eyebrows and such a scowling forehead that I plucked up
+courage and, in a loud voice, passed judgment upon his lewd and base
+attempts and assaults upon me, not in the house of Lycurgus alone, but
+even under his own roof: and as for the meddling Tryphaena, she received
+her just deserts, for, at great length, I described her moral turpitude
+to the crowd, our altercation had caused a mob to collect, and, to give
+weight to my argument, I pointed to limber-hamed Giton, drained dry, as
+it were, and to myself, reduced almost to skin and bones by the raging
+lust of that nymphomaniac harlot. So humiliated were our enemies by the
+guffaws of the mob, that in gloomy ill-humor they beat a retreat to plot
+revenge. As they perceived that we had prepossessed the mind of Lycurgus
+in our favor, they decided to await his return, at his estate, in order
+that they might wean him away from his misapprehension. As the
+solemnities did not draw to a close until late at night, we could not
+reach Lycurgus' country place, so he conducted us to a villa of his,
+situated near the halfway point of the journey, and, leaving us to sleep
+there until the next day, he set off for his estate for the purpose of
+transacting some business. Upon his arrival, he found Lycas and
+Tryphaena awaiting him, and they stated their case so diplomatically that
+they prevailed upon him to deliver us into their hands. Lycurgus, cruel
+by nature and incapable of keeping his word, was by this time striving to
+hit upon the best method of betraying us, and to that end, he persuaded
+Lycas to go for help, while he himself returned to the villa and had us
+put under guard. To the villa he came, and greeted us with a scowl as
+black as any Lycas himself had ever achieved, clenching his fists again
+and again, he charged us with having lied about Lycas, and, turning
+Ascyltos out, he gave orders that we were to be kept confined to the room
+in which we had retired to rest. Nor would he hear a word in our
+defense, from Ascyltos, but, taking the latter with him, he returned to
+his estate, reiterating his orders relative to our confinement, which was
+to last until his return. On the way back, Ascyltos vainly essayed to
+break down Lycurgus' determination, but neither prayers nor caresses, nor
+even tears could move him. Thereupon my "brother" conceived the design
+of freeing us from our chains, and, antagonized by the stubbornness of
+Lycurgus, he positively refused to sleep with him, and through this he
+was in a better position to carry out the plan which he had thought out.
+When the entire household was buried in its first sleep, Ascyltos loaded
+our little packs upon his back and slipped out through a breach in the
+wall, which he had previously noted, arriving at the villa with the dawn.
+He gained entrance without opposition and found his way to our room,
+which the guards had taken the precaution to bar. It was easy to force
+an entrance, as the fastening was made of wood, which same he pried off
+with a piece of iron. The fall of the lock roused us, for we were
+snoring away, in spite of our unfortunate situation. On account of the
+long vigil, the guard was in such a deep sleep that we alone were wakened
+by the crashing fall of the lock, and Ascyltos, coming in, told us in a
+few words what he had done for us; but as far as that goes, not many were
+necessary. We were hurriedly dressing, when I was seized with the notion
+of killing the guard and stripping the place. This plan I confided to
+Ascyltos, who approved of the looting, but pointed out a more desirable
+solution without bloodshed: knowing all the crooks and turns, as he did,
+he led us to a store-room which he opened. We gathered up all that was
+of value and sallied forth while it was yet early in the morning.
+Shunning the public roads; we could not rest until we believed ourselves
+safe from pursuit. Ascyltos, when he had caught his breath, gloatingly
+exulted of the pleasure which the looting of a villa belonging to
+Lycurgus, a superlatively avaricious man, afforded him: he complained,
+with justice of his parsimony, affirming that he himself had received no
+reward for his k-nightly services, that he had been kept at a dry table
+and on a skimpy ration of food. This Lycurgus was so stingy that he
+denied himself even the necessities of life, his immense wealth to the
+contrary notwithstanding.)
+
+ The tortured Tantalus still stands, to parch in his shifting pool,
+
+ And starve, when fruit sways just beyond his grasp:
+
+ The image of the miser rich, when his avaricious soul
+
+ Robs him of food and drink, in Plenty's clasp.
+
+(Ascyltos was for going to Naples that same day, but I protested the
+imprudence of going to any place where they would be on the lookout for
+us. "Let's absent ourselves, for a while, and travel in the country. We
+are well supplied with means." This advice took his fancy and we set out
+for a part of the country noted for the beauty of its estates, and where
+not a few of our acquaintances were enjoying the sports of the season.
+Scarcely had we covered half the distance, however, before it began to
+pour down rain by the bucketful, compelling us to run for the nearest
+village. Upon entering the inn, we noticed many other wayfarers, who had
+put up there to escape the storm. The jam prevented our being watched,
+and at the same time made it easier for us to pry about with curious
+eyes, on the alert for something to appropriate. Ascyltos, unseen by
+anyone, picked up off the ground a little pouch in which he found some
+gold pieces. We were overjoyed with this auspicious beginning, but,
+fearing that some one would miss the gold, we stealthily slipped out by
+the back door. A slave, who was saddling a horse in the courtyard,
+suddenly left his work and went into the house, as if he had forgotten
+something, and while he was gone I appropriated a superb mantle which was
+tied fast to the saddle, by untying the thongs, then, utilizing a row of
+outbuildings for cover, we made off into the nearest wood. When we had
+reached the depths of the grove, where we were in safety, we thoroughly
+discussed the surest method of secreting our gold, so that we would
+neither be accused of robbery nor robbed ourselves, and we finally
+decided to sew it into the hem of a ragged tunic, which I threw over my
+shoulders, after having turned the mantle over to Ascyltos for
+safekeeping; we then made ready to start for the city via the
+unfrequented roads. We were just about to emerge from the shelter of
+the wood when we heard, from somewhere on our left, "They can't get away,
+they came into this wood; let's spread out and beat, and they will easily
+be caught!" On hearing this, we were thrown into such a terrible fright
+that Ascyltos and Giton dashed away city-ward, through the underbrush,
+and I retreated in such a hurry that the precious tunic slipped off my
+shoulders without my knowing it. At last, completely fagged out, and
+unable to take another step, I lay down under a tree, and there I first
+became aware of the loss of the tunic. Chagrin restored my strength and
+I leaped to my feet to look for the treasure, and for a long time I beat
+around in vain. Worn out with work and vexation, I forced my way into
+the thickest part of the grove and remained there for four mortal hours,
+but at last, bored to extinction by the horrible solitude, I sought a way
+out. As I went ahead, I caught sight of a peasant; then I had need of
+all my nerve, and it did not fail me. Marching boldly up to him, I asked
+my way to the city, complaining that I had been lost in the wood for
+several hours. Seeing my condition, he took pity upon me, for I was
+covered with mud and paler than death, and asked me whether I had seen
+anyone in the place. "Not a soul," I replied, whereupon he kindly
+conducted me to the high road, where he met two of his companions, who
+informed him that they had beaten along every path in the forest without
+having found anything except a tunic, which they showed him. As may be
+readily supposed, I did not have the audacity to claim it, though well
+aware of its value, and my chagrin became almost insupportable as I
+vented many a groaning curse over my lost treasure. The peasants paid
+no attention to me, and I was gradually left behind, as my weakness
+increased my pace decreased. For this reason, it was late when I reached
+the city, and, entering the inn, beheld Ascyltos, stretched out, half
+dead, upon a cot. Too far gone to utter a single syllable, I threw
+myself upon another. Ascyltos became greatly excited at not seeing the
+tunic which he had entrusted to me, demanding it insistently, but I was
+so weak that my voice refused its office and I permitted the apathy of my
+eyes to answer his demand, then, by and by, regaining my strength little
+by little, I related the whole affair to Ascyltos, in every detail. He
+thought that I was joking, and although my testimony was fortified by a
+copious flood of tears, it could easily be seen that he remained
+unconvinced, believing that I wanted to cheat him out of the gold.
+Giton, who was standing by during all this, was as downcast as myself,
+and the suffering of the lad only served to increase my own vexation, but
+the thing which bothered me most of all, was the painstaking search which
+was being made for us; I told Ascyltos of this, but he only laughed it
+off, as he had so happily extricated himself from the scrape. He was
+convinced that, as we were unknown and as no one had seen us, we were
+perfectly safe. We decided, nevertheless, to feign sickness, and to keep
+to our room as long as possible; but, before we knew it, our money ran
+out, and spurred by necessity we were forced to go abroad and sell some
+of our plunder.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWELFTH.
+
+Twilight was falling, as we entered the market-place, in which we noticed
+a quantity of things for sale, not any of much value, it is true, but
+such as could be disposed of to the best advantage when the semi-darkness
+would serve to hide their doubtful origin. As we had brought our stolen
+mantle, we proceeded to make use of so favorable an opportunity, and, in
+a secluded spot, displayed a corner of it, hoping the splendid garment
+would attract some purchaser. Nor was it long before a certain peasant,
+whose face was familiar to my eyes, came up, accompanied by a young
+woman, and began to examine the garment very closely. Ascyltos, in turn,
+cast a glance at the shoulders of our rustic customer, and was instantly
+struck dumb with astonishment. Nor could I myself look upon this man
+without some emotion, for he seemed to be the identical person who had
+picked up the ragged tunic in the lonely wood, and, as a matter of fact,
+he was! Ascyltos, afraid to believe the evidence of his own eyes for
+fear of doing something rash, approached the man, as a prospective buyer,
+took the hem of the tunic from the rustic's shoulders, and felt it
+thoroughly.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE THIRTEENTH.
+
+Oh wonderful stroke of Fortune! The peasant had not yet laid his
+meddling hands upon the seams, but was scornfully offering the thing for
+sale, as though it had been the leavings of some beggar. When Ascyltos
+had assured himself that the hoard was intact, and had taken note of the
+social status of the seller, he led me a little aside from the crowd and
+said, "Do you know, 'brother,' that the treasure about which I was so
+worked up has come back to us? That is the little tunic, and it seems
+that the gold pieces are still untouched. What ought we to do, and how
+shall we make good our claim?" I was overjoyed, not so much at seeing
+our booty, as I was for the reason that Fortune had released me from a
+very ugly suspicion. I was opposed to doing anything by devious methods,
+thinking that should he prove unwilling to restore to the proper owner an
+article not his own, it ought to come to a civil action and a judgment
+secured.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FOURTEENTH.
+
+Not so Ascyltos, who was afraid of the law, and demurred, "Who knows us
+here? Who will place any credence in anything we say? It seems to me
+that it would be better to buy, ours though it is, and we know it, and
+recover the treasure at small cost, rather than to engage in a doubtful
+lawsuit."
+
+ Of what avail are any laws, where money rules alone,
+
+ Where Poverty can never win its cases?
+
+ Detractors of the times, who bear the Cynic's scrip, are known
+
+ To often sell the truth, and keep their faces!
+
+ So Justice is at public auction bought,
+
+ The knight gives judgement as Gold says he ought.
+
+But, with the exception of a two-as piece with which we had intended
+purchasing peas and lupines, there was nothing to hand; so, for fear our
+loot should escape us in the interim, we resolved to appraise the mantle
+at less, and, through a small sacrifice, secure a greater profit.
+Accordingly, we spread it out, and the young woman of the covered head,
+who was standing by the peasant's side, narrowly inspected the markings,
+seized the hem with both hands, and screamed "Thieves!" at the top of her
+voice. We were greatly disconcerted at this and, for fear that
+inactivity on our part should seem to lend color to her charges, we
+laid hold of the dirty ragged tunic, in our turn, and shouted with equal
+spite, that this was our property which they had in their possession; but
+our cases were by no means on an equality, and the hucksters who had
+crowded around us at the uproar, laughed at our spiteful claim, and very
+naturally, too, since one side laid claim to a very valuable mantle,
+while the other demanded a rag which was not worth a good patch.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE FIFTEENTH.
+
+Ascyltos, when he had secured silence, adroitly put a stop to their
+laughter by exclaiming, "We can see that each puts the greater value upon
+his own property. Let them return our tunic to us, and take back their
+mantle!" This exchange was satisfactory enough to the peasant and the
+young woman, but some night-prowling shyster lawyers, who wished to get
+possession of the mantle for their own profit, demanded that both
+articles be deposited with them, and the judge could look into the case
+on the morrow, for it would appear that the ownership of the articles was
+not so much to the point as was the suspicion of robbery that attached
+to both sides. The question of sequestration arose, and one of the
+hucksters, I do not remember which, but he was bald, and his forehead was
+covered with sebaceous wens, and he sometimes did odd jobs for the
+lawyers, seized the mantle and vowed that HE would see to it that it was
+produced at the proper time and place, but it was easily apparent that he
+desired nothing but that the garment should be deposited with thieves,
+and vanish; thinking that we would be afraid to appear as claimants for
+fear of being charged with crime. As far as we were concerned, we were
+as willing as he, and Fortune aided the cause of each of us, for the
+peasant, infuriated at our demand that his rags be shown in public, threw
+the tunic in Ascyltos' face, released us from responsibility, and
+demanded that the mantle, which was the only object of litigation, be
+sequestered. As we thought we had recovered our treasure, we returned
+hurriedly to the inn, and fastening the door, we had a good laugh at the
+shrewdness of the hucksters, and not less so at that of our enemies, for
+by it they had returned our money to us. (While we were unstitching the
+tunic to get at the gold pieces, we overheard some one quizzing the
+innkeeper as to what kind of people those were, who had just entered his
+house. Alarmed at this inquiry, I went down, when the questioner had
+gone, to find out what was the matter, and learned that the praetor's
+lictor, whose duty it was to see that the names of strangers were entered
+in his rolls, had seen two people come into the inn, whose names were not
+yet entered, and that was the reason he had made inquiry as to their
+names and means of support. Mine host furnished this information in such
+an offhand manner that I became suspicious as to our entire safety in his
+house; so, in order to avoid arrest, we decided to go out, and not to
+return home until after dark, and we sallied forth, leaving the
+management of dinner to Giton. As it suited our purpose to avoid the
+public streets, we strolled through the more unfrequented parts of the
+city, and just at dusk we met two women in stolas, in a lonely spot, and
+they were by no means homely. Walking softly, we followed them to a
+temple which they entered, and from which we could hear a curious
+humming, which resembled the sound of voices issuing from the depths of a
+cavern. Curiosity impelled us also to enter the temple. There we caught
+sight of many women, who resembled Bacchantes, each of whom brandished in
+her right hand an emblem of Priapus. We were not permitted to see more,
+for as their eyes fell upon us, they raised such a hubbub that the vault
+of the temple trembled. They attempted to lay hands upon us, but we ran
+back to our inn as fast as we could go.)
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SIXTEENTH.
+
+We had just disposed of the supper prepared by Giton, when there came a
+timid rapping at the door. We turned pale. "Who is there?" we asked.
+"Open and you will find out," came the answer. While we were speaking,
+the bar fell down of its own accord, the doors flew open and admitted our
+visitor. She was the selfsame young lady of the covered head who had but
+a little while before stood by the peasant's side. "So you thought,"
+said she, "that you could make a fool of me, did you? I am Quartilla's
+handmaid: Quartilla, whose rites you interrupted in the shrine. She has
+come to the inn, in person, and begs permission to speak with you. Don't
+be alarmed! She neither blames your mistake nor does she demand
+punishment; on the contrary, she wonders what god has brought such
+well-bred young gentlemen into her neighborhood!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE SEVENTEENTH.
+
+We were still holding our tongues and refraining from any expression of
+opinion, when the lady herself entered the room, attended by a little
+girl. Seating herself upon the bed, she wept for a long time. Not even
+then did we interject a single word, but waited, all attention, for what
+was to follow these well ordered tears and this show of grief. When the
+diplomatic thunderstorm had passed over, she withdrew her haughty head
+from her mantle and, ringing her hands until the joints cracked, "What is
+the meaning of such audacity?" she demanded; "where did you learn such
+tricks? They are worthy of putting to shame the assurance of all the
+robbers of the past! I pity you, so help me the God of Truth, I do; for
+no one can look with impunity upon that which it is unlawful for him to
+see. In our neighborhood, there are so many gods that it is easier to
+meet one than it is to find a man! But do not think that I was actuated
+by any desire for revenge when I came here: I am more moved by your age
+than I am by my own injury, for it is my belief that youthful imprudence
+led you into committing a sacrilegious crime. That very night, I tossed
+so violently in the throes of a dangerous chill that I was afraid I had
+contracted a tertian ague, and in my dreams I prayed for a medicine. I
+was ordered to seek you out, and to arrest the progress of the disease by
+means of an expedient to be suggested by your wonderful penetration! The
+cure does not matter so much, however, for a deeper grief gnaws at my
+vitals and drags me down, almost to the very doors of death itself. I am
+afraid that, with the careless impulsiveness of youth, you may divulge,
+to the common herd, what you witnessed in the shrine of Priapus, and
+reveal the rites of the gods to the rabble. On this account, I stretch
+out my suppliant hands to your knees, and beg and pray that you do not
+make a mockery and a joke of our nocturnal rites, nor lay bare the
+secrets of so many years, into which scarcely a thousand persons are
+initiated."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE EIGHTEENTH.
+
+The tears poured forth again, after this appeal, and, shaken by deep
+sobs, she buried her whole face and breast in my bed; and I, moved by
+pity and by apprehension, begged her to be of good cheer and to make
+herself perfectly easy as to both of those issues, for not only would we
+not betray any secrets to the rabble, but we would also second divine
+providence, at any peril to ourselves, if any god had indicated to her
+any cure for her tertian ague. The woman cheered up at this promise, and
+smothered me with kisses; from tears she passed to laughter, and fell to
+running her fingers through the long hair that hung down about my ears.
+"I will declare a truce with you," she said, "and withdraw my complaint.
+But had you been unwilling to administer the medicine which I seek, I had
+a troop in readiness for the morrow, which would have exacted
+satisfaction for my injury and reparation for my dignity!
+
+ To be flouted is disgraceful, but to dictate terms, sublime
+
+ Pleased am I to choose what course I will,
+
+ Even sages will retort an insult at the proper tune.
+
+ Victor most is he who does not kill."
+
+Then she suddenly clapped her hands, and broke into such a peal of
+laughter that we were alarmed. The maid, who had been the first to
+arrive, did likewise, on one side of us, as also did the little girl who
+had entered with the madame herself.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE NINETEENTH.
+
+The whole place was filled with mocking laughter, and we, who could see
+no reason for such a change of front, stared blankly at each other and
+then at the women. (Then Quartilla spoke up, finally,) "I gave orders
+that no mortal man should be admitted into this inn, this day, so that I
+could receive the treatment for my ague without interruption!" Ascyltos
+was, for the moment, struck dumb by this admission of Quartilla's, and I
+turned colder than a Gallic winter, and could not utter a word; but the
+personnel of the company relieved me from the fear that the worst might
+be yet to come, for they were only three young women, too weak to attempt
+any violence against us, who were of the male sex, at least, even if we
+had nothing else of the man about us, and this was an asset. Then, too,
+we were girded higher, and I had so arranged matters that if it came to a
+fight, I would engage Quartilla myself, Ascyltos the maid, and Giton the
+girl. (While I was turning over this plan in my mind, Quartilla came to
+close quarters, to receive the treatment for her ague, but having her
+hopes disappointed, she flounced out in a rage and, returning in a little
+while, she had us overpowered by some unknown vagabonds, and gave orders
+for us to be carried away to a splendid palace.) Then our determination
+gave place to astonishment, and death, sure and certain, began to obscure
+the eyes of suffering.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTIETH.
+
+"Pray; madame," I groaned, "if you have anything worse in store, bring it
+on quickly for we have not committed a crime so heinous as to merit death
+by torture." The maid, whose name was Psyche, quickly spread a blanket
+upon the floor (and) sought to secure an erection by fondling my member,
+which was already a thousand times colder than death. Ascyltos, well
+aware by now of the danger of dipping into the secrets of others, covered
+his head with his mantle. (In the meantime,) the maid took two ribbons
+from her bosom and bound our feet with one and our hands with the other.
+(Finding myself trussed up in this fashion, I remarked, "You will not be
+able to cure your mistress' ague in this manner!" "Granted," the maid
+replied, "but I have other and surer remedies at hand," she brought me a
+vessel full of satyrion, as she said this, and so cheerfully did she
+gossip about its virtues that I drank down nearly all of the liquor, and
+because Ascyltos had but a moment before rejected her advances, she
+sprinkled the dregs upon his back, without his knowing it.) When this
+repartee had drawn to a close, Ascyltos exclaimed, "Don't I deserve a
+drink?" Given away by my laughter, the maid clapped her hands and cried,
+"I put one by you, young man; did you drink so much all by yourself?"
+"What's that you say?", Quartilla chimed in. "Did Encolpius drink all
+the satyrion there was in the house?" And she laughed delightfully until
+her sides shook. Finally not even Giton himself could resist a smile,
+especially when the little girl caught him around the neck and showered
+innumerable kisses upon him, and lie not at all averse to it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FIRST.
+
+We would have cried aloud in our misery but there was no one to give us
+any help, and whenever I attempted to shout, "Help! all honest
+citizens," Psyche would prick my cheeks with her hairpin, and the little
+girl would intimidate Ascyltos with a brush dipped in satyrion. Then a
+catamite appeared, clad in a myrtle-colored frieze robe, and girded round
+with a belt. One minute he nearly gored us to death with his writhing
+buttocks, and the next, he befouled us so with his stinking kisses that
+Quartilla, with her robe tucked high, held up her whalebone wand and
+ordered him to give the unhappy wretches quarter. Both of us then took a
+most solemn oath that so dread a secret should perish with us. Several
+wrestling instructors appeared and refreshed us, worn out as we were, by
+a massage with pure oil, and when our fatigue had abated, we again donned
+our dining clothes and were escorted to the next room, in which were
+placed three couches, and where all the essentials necessary to a
+splendid banquet were laid out in all their richness. We took our
+places, as requested, and began with a wonderful first course. We were
+all but submerged in Falernian wine. When several other courses had
+followed, and we were endeavoring to keep awake Quartilla exclaimed, "How
+dare you think of going to sleep when you know that the vigil of Priapus
+is to be kept?"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-SECOND.
+
+Worn out by all his troubles, Ascyltos commenced to nod, and the maid,
+whom he had slighted, and of course insulted, smeared lampblack all over
+his face, and painted his lips and shoulders with vermillion, while he
+drowsed. Completely exhausted by so many untoward adventures, I, too,
+was enjoying the shortest of naps, the whole household, within and
+without, was doing the same, some were lying here and there asleep at our
+feet, others leaned against the walls, and some even slept head to head
+upon the threshold itself; the lamps, failing because of a lack of oil,
+shed a feeble and flickering light, when two Syrians, bent upon stealing
+an amphora of wine, entered the dining-room. While they were greedily
+pawing among the silver, they pulled the amphora in two, upsetting the
+table with all the silver plate, and a cup, which had flown pretty high,
+cut the head of the maid, who was drowsing upon a couch. She screamed at
+that, thereby betraying the thieves and wakening some of the drunkards.
+The Syrians, who had come for plunder, seeing that they were about to be
+detected, were so quick to throw themselves down besides a couch and
+commence to snore as if they had been asleep for a long time, that you
+would have thought they belonged there. The butler had gotten up and
+poured oil in the flickering lamps by this time, and the boys, having
+rubbed their eyes open, had returned to their duty, when in came a female
+cymbal player and the crashing brass awoke everybody.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-THIRD.
+
+The banquet began all over again, and Quartilla challenged us to a
+drinking-bout, the crash of the cymbals lending ardor to her revel.
+A catamite appeared, the stalest of all mankind, well worthy of that
+house. Heaving a sigh, he wrung his hands until the joints cracked,
+and spouted out the following verses,
+
+ "Hither, hither quickly gather, pathic companions boon;
+ Artfully stretch forth your limbs and on with the dance and play!
+ Twinkling feet and supple thighs and agile buttocks in tune,
+ Hands well skilled in raising passions, Delian eunuchs gay!"
+
+When he had finished his poetry, he slobbered a most evil-smelling kiss
+upon me, and then, climbing upon my couch, he proceeded with all his
+might and main to pull all of my clothing off. I resisted to the limit
+of my strength. He manipulated my member for a long time, but all in
+vain. Gummy streams poured down his sweating forehead, and there was so
+much chalk in the wrinkles of his cheeks that you might have mistaken his
+face for a roofless wall, from which the plaster was crumbling in a rain.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FOURTH.
+
+Driven to the last extremity, I could no longer keep back the tears.
+"Madame," I burst out, "is this the night-cap which you ordered served to
+me?" Clapping her hands softly she cried out, "Oh you witty rogue, you
+are a fountain of repartee, but you never knew before that a catamite was
+called a k-night-cap, now did you?" Then, fearing my companion would come
+off better than I, "Madame," I said, "I leave it to your sense of
+fairness: is Ascyltos to be the only one in this dining-room who keeps
+holiday?" "Fair enough," conceded Quartilla, "let Ascyltos have his
+k-night-cap too!" On hearing that, the catamite changed mounts, and,
+having bestridden my comrade, nearly drove him to distraction with his
+buttocks and his kisses. Giton was standing between us and splitting his
+sides with laughter when Quartilla noticed him, and actuated by the
+liveliest curiosity, she asked whose boy he was, and upon my answering
+that he was my "brother," "Why has he not kissed me then?" she
+demanded. Calling him to her, she pressed a kiss upon his mouth, then
+putting her hand beneath his robe, she took hold of his little member, as
+yet so undeveloped. "This," she remarked, "shall serve me very well
+tomorrow, as a whet to my appetite, but today I'll take no common fare
+after choice fish!"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FIFTH.
+
+She was still talking when Psyche, who was giggling, came to her side and
+whispered something in her ear. What it was, I did not catch. "By all
+means," ejaculated Quartilla, "a brilliant idea! Why shouldn't our
+pretty little Pannychis lose her maidenhead when the opportunity is so
+favorable?" A little girl, pretty enough, too, was led in at once; she
+looked to be not over seven years of age, and she was the same one who
+had before accompanied Quartilla to our room. Amidst universal applause,
+and in response to the demands of all, they made ready to perform the
+nuptial rites. I was completely out of countenance, and insisted that
+such a modest boy as Giton was entirely unfitted for such a wanton part,
+and moreover, that the child was not of an age at which she could receive
+that which a woman must take. "Is that so," Quartilla scoffed, "is she
+any younger than I was, when I submitted to my first man? Juno, my
+patroness, curse me if I can remember the time when I ever was a virgin,
+for I diverted myself with others of my own age, as a child then as the
+years passed, I played with bigger boys, until at last I reached my
+present age. I suppose that this explains the origin of the proverb,
+'Who carried the calf may carry the bull,' as they say." As I feared
+that Giton might run greater risk if I were absent, I got up to take
+part in the ceremony.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THE TWENTY-SIXTH.
+
+Psyche had already enveloped the child's head in the bridal-veil, the
+catamite, holding a torch, led the long procession of drunken women which
+followed; they were clapping their hands, having previously decked out
+the bridal-bed with a suggestive drapery. Quartilla, spurred on by the
+wantonness of the others, seized hold of Giton and drew him into the
+bridal-chamber. There was no doubt of the boy's perfect willingness to
+go, nor was the girl at all alarmed at the name of marriage. When they
+were finally in bed, and the door shut, we seated ourselves outside the
+door of the bridal-chamber, and Quartilla applied a curious eye to a
+chink, purposely made, watching their childish dalliance with lascivious
+attention. She then drew me gently over to her side that I might share
+the spectacle with her, and when we both attempted to peep our faces were
+pressed against each other; whenever she was not engrossed in the
+performance, she screwed up her lips to meet mine, and pecked at me
+continually with furtive kisses. [A thunderous hammering was heard at
+the door, while all this was going on, and everyone wondered what this
+unexpected interruption could mean, when we saw a soldier, one of the
+night-watch, enter with a drawn sword in his hand, and surrounded by a
+crowd of young rowdies. He glared about him with savage eyes and
+blustering mien, and, catching sight of Quartilla, presently, "What's up
+now, you shameless woman," he bawled; "what do you mean by making game of
+me with lying promises, and cheating me out of the night you promised me?
+But you won't get off unpunished You and that lover of yours are going to
+find out that I'm a man!" At the soldier's orders, his companion bound
+Quartilla and myself together, mouth to mouth, breast to breast, and
+thigh to thigh; and not without a great deal of laughter. Then the
+catamite, also at the soldier's order, began to beslaver me all over with
+the fetid kisses of his stinking mouth, a treatment I could neither fly
+from, nor in any other way avoid. Finally, he ravished me, and worked
+his entire pleasure upon me. In the meantime, the satyrion which I had
+drunk only a little while before spurred every nerve to lust and I began
+to gore Quartilla impetuously, and she, burning with the same passion,
+reciprocated in the game. The rowdies laughed themselves sick, so moved
+were they by that ludicrous scene, for here was I, mounted by the stalest
+of catamites, involuntarily and almost unconsciously responding with as
+rapid a cadence to him as Quartilla did in her wriggling under me. While
+this was going on, Pannychis, unaccustomed at her tender years to the
+pastime of Venus, raised an outcry and attracted the attention of the
+soldier, by this unexpected howl of consternation, for this slip of a
+girl was being ravished, and Giton the victor, had won a not bloodless
+victory. Aroused by what he saw, the soldier rushed upon them, seizing
+Pannychis, then Giton, then both of them together, in a crushing embrace.
+The virgin burst into tears and plead with him to remember her age, but
+her prayers availed her nothing, the soldier only being fired the more by
+her childish charms. Pannychis covered her head at last, resolved to
+endure whatever the Fates had in store for her. At this instant, an old
+woman, the very same who had tricked me on that day when I was hunting
+for our lodging, came to the aid of Pannychis, as though she had dropped
+from the clouds. With loud cries, she rushed into the house, swearing
+that a gang of footpads was prowling about the neighborhood and the
+people invoked the help of "All honest men," in vain, for the members of
+the night-watch were either asleep or intent upon some carouse, as they
+were nowhere to be found. Greatly terrified at this, the soldier rushed
+headlong from Quartilla's house. His companions followed after him,
+freeing Pannychis from impending danger and relieving the rest of us from
+our fear.] (I was so weary of Quartilla's lechery that I began to
+meditate means of escape. I made my intentions known to Ascyltos, who,
+as he wished to rid himself of the importunities of Psyche, was
+delighted; had not Giton been shut up in the bridal-chamber, the plan
+would have presented no difficulties, but we wished to take him with us,
+and out of the way of the viciousness of these prostitutes. We were
+anxiously engaged in debating this very point, when Pannychis fell out of
+bed, and dragged Giton after her, by her own weight. He was not hurt,
+but the girl gave her head a slight bump, and raised such a clamor that
+Quartilla, in a terrible fright, rushed headlong into the room, giving us
+the opportunity of making off. We did not tarry, but flew back to our
+inn where,) throwing ourselves upon the bed, we passed the remainder of
+the night without fear. (Sallying forth next day, we came upon two of
+our kidnappers, one of whom Ascyltos savagely attacked the moment he set
+eyes upon him, and, after having thrashed and seriously wounded him,
+he ran to my aid against the other. He defended himself so stoutly,
+however, that he wounded us both, slightly, and escaped unscathed.) The
+third day had now dawned, the date set for the free dinner (at
+Trimalchio's,) but battered as we were, flight seemed more to our taste
+than quiet, so (we hastened to our inn and, as our wounds turned out to
+be trifling, we dressed them with vinegar and oil, and went to bed. The
+ruffian whom we had done for, was still lying upon the ground and we
+feared detection.) Affairs were at this pass, and we were framing
+melancholy excuses with which to evade the coming revel, when a slave of
+Agamemnon's burst in upon our trembling conclave and said, "Don't you
+know with whom your engagement is today? The exquisite Trimalchio, who
+keeps a clock and a liveried bugler in his dining-room, so that he can
+tell, instantly, how much of his life has run out!" Forgetting all our
+troubles at that, we dressed hurriedly and ordered Giton, who had very
+willingly performed his servile office, to follow us to the bath.
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+Boys play in the schools, the young men are laughed at
+Deferred pleasures are a long time coming
+Egyptians "commercialized" that incomparable art
+Errors committed in the name of religion
+Everything including the children, is devoted to ambition
+Laughed ourselves out of a most disgraceful quarrel
+No one will confess the errors he was taught in his school days
+Priests, animated by an hypocritical mania for prophecy
+See or hear nothing at all of the affairs of every-day life
+The teachers, who must gibber with lunatics
+They secure their ends, save by setting snares for the ears
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SATYRICON OF PETRONIUS, V1 ***
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+
+
+<h2>THE SATYRICON of Petronius, Illustrated, v1</h2>
+<pre>
+The Project Gutenberg EBook The Satyricon of Petronius, Illustrated, v1
+#1 in our series by Petronius Arbiter (Translated by Firebaugh)
+
+Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the
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+**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
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+**EBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971**
+
+*****These EBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers*****
+
+
+Title: The Satyricon, Illustrated, Volume 1.
+
+Author: Petronius Arbiter
+
+
+Release Date: March, 2004 [Etext #5218]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on June 8, 2002]
+[This file was last updated on October 10, 2002]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+
+
+
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SATYRICON, V1 ***
+
+
+
+
+This eBook was produced by David Widger [widger@cecomet.net]
+
+</pre>
+<br><hr>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center>
+<h1>
+ <a name="PREFACE">THE SATYRICON OF</a>
+<br> PETRONIUS ARBITER
+</h1>
+</center>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+ <center><h3>Volume 1.</h3></center>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<center>
+<a name="bookspine"></a><img alt="bookspine.jpg (92K)" src="bookspine.jpg" height="1182" width="650">
+</center>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<p><i>Complete and unexpurgated translation by W. C. Firebaugh,
+in which are incorporated the forgeries of Nodot and Marchena,
+and the readings introduced into the text by De Salas.</i></blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<center>
+<a name="pfront"></a><img alt="pfront.jpg (108K)" src="pfront.jpg" height="829" width="599">
+</center>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+<center><h2>PREFACE</h2></center>
+<p>Among the difficulties which beset the path of the conscientious
+translator, a sense of his own unworthiness must ever take precedence;
+but another, scarcely less disconcerting, is the likelihood of
+misunderstanding some allusion which was perfectly familiar to the author
+and his public, but which, by reason of its purely local significance,
+is obscure and subject to the misinterpretation and emendation of a later
+generation.
+
+<p>A translation worthy of the name is as much the product of a literary
+epoch as it is of the brain and labor of a scholar; and Melmouth's
+version of the letters of Pliny the Younger, made, as it was, at a
+period when the art of English letter writing had attained its highest
+excellence, may well be the despair of our twentieth century apostles of
+specialization. Who, today, could imbue a translation of the Golden Ass
+with the exquisite flavor of William Adlington's unscholarly version of
+that masterpiece? Who could rival Arthur Golding's rendering of the
+Metamorphoses of Ovid, or Francis Hicke's masterly rendering of Lucian's
+True History? But eternal life means endless change and in nothing is
+this truth more strikingly manifest than in the growth and decadence of
+living languages and in the translation of dead tongues into the ever
+changing tissue of the living. Were it not for this, no translation
+worthy of the name would ever stand in need of revision, except in
+instances where the discovery and collation of fresh manuscripts had
+improved the text. In the case of an author whose characters speak in
+the argot proper to their surroundings, the necessity for revision is
+even more imperative; the change in the cultured speech of a language is
+a process that requires years to become pronounced, the evolution of
+slang is rapid and its usage ephemeral. For example Stephen Gaselee, in
+his bibliography of Petronius, calls attention to Harry Thurston Peck's
+rendering of "bell um pomum" by "he's a daisy," and remarks,
+appropriately enough, "that this was well enough for 1898; but we would
+now be more inclined to render it "he's a peach." Again, Peck renders
+"illud erat vivere" by "that was life," but, in the words of our lyric
+American jazz, we would be more inclined to render it "that was the
+life." "But," as Professor Gaselee has said, "no rendering of this part
+of the Satyricon can be final, it must always be in the slang of the
+hour."
+
+<p>"Some," writes the immortal translator of Rabelais, in his preface,
+"have deservedly gained esteem by translating; yet not many condescend
+to translate but such as cannot invent; though to do the first well,
+requires often as much genius as to do the latter. I wish, reader,
+thou mayest be as willing to do the author justice, as I have strove
+to do him right."
+
+<p>Many scholars have lamented the failure of Justus Lipsius to comment upon
+Petronius or edit an edition of the Satyricon. Had he done so, he might
+have gone far toward piercing the veil of darkness which enshrouds the
+authorship of the work and the very age in which the composer flourished.
+To me, personally, the fact that Laurence Sterne did not undertake a
+version, has caused much regret. The master who delineated Tristram
+Shandy's father and the intrigue between the Widow Wadman and Uncle Toby
+would have drawn Trimalchio and his peers to admiration.
+
+<p> W. C. F.
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h2>CONTENTS:</h2>
+
+<br>
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<h4><a href="#PREFACE">PREFACE</a></h4>
+<h4><a href="#INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION</a></h4>
+<h5><a href="#THE AUTHOR">THE AUTHOR</a></h5>
+<h5><a href="#REALISM">REALISM</a></h5>
+<h5><a href="#FORGERIES">FORGERIES</a></h5>
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+<h4><a href="#THE SATYRICON">THE SATYRICON</a></h4>
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<h5><a href="#VOLUME I.">VOLUME I.</a></h5>
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS:</h2>
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<p><a href="#pfront">The Witches [Frontpiece]</a>
+<p><a href="#p006">An Extemporary Declamation</a>
+<p><a href="#p010">An Old Herb Woman</a>
+<p><a href="#p012">Hurrying to the Inn</a>
+<p><a href="#p020">Making Off</a>
+<p><a href="#p024">Tryphena</a>
+<p><a href="#p044">The Holy Mysteries</a>
+<p><a href="#p046">Quartilla</a>
+<p><a href="#p048">Psyche</a>
+<p><a href="#p050">The Catamite</a>
+<p><a href="#p052">The Debauch</a>
+<p><a href="#p054">The Drunkards</a>
+<p><a href="#p056">Quartilla and Giton</a>
+<p><a href="#p058">The Chink in the Door</a>
+<p><a href="#p062">Pannychis</a>
+
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION.</h2>
+
+<br>
+<p>Of the many masterpieces which classical antiquity has bequeathed to
+modern times, few have attained, at intervals, to such popularity; few
+have so gripped the interest of scholars and men of letters, as has this
+scintillating miscellany known as the Satyricon, ascribed by tradition to
+that Petronius who, at the court of Nero, acted as arbiter of elegance
+and dictator of fashion. The flashing, wit, the masterly touches which
+bring out the characters with all the detail of a fine old copper
+etching; the marvelous use of realism by this, its first prophet; the
+sure knowledge of the perspective and background best adapted to each
+episode; the racy style, so smooth, so elegant, so simple when the
+educated are speaking, beguile the reader and blind him, at first, to the
+many discrepancies and incoherences with which the text, as we have it,
+is marred. The more one concentrates upon this author, the more apparent
+these faults become and the more one regrets the lacunae in the text.
+Notwithstanding numerous articles which deal with this work, some from
+the pens of the most profound scholars, its author is still shrouded in
+the mists of uncertainty and conjecture. He is as impersonal as
+Shakespeare, as aloof as Flaubert, in the opinion of Charles Whibley,
+and, it may be added, as genial as Rabelais; an enigmatic genius whose
+secret will never be laid bare with the resources at our present command.
+As I am not writing for scholars, I do not intend going very deeply into
+the labyrinth of critical controversy which surrounds the author and the
+work, but I shall deal with a few of the questions which, if properly
+understood, will enhance the value of the Satyricon, and contribute, in
+some degree, to a better understanding of the author. For the sake of
+convenience the questions discussed in this introduction will be arranged
+in the following order:
+<br>
+<br>
+<blockquote>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1. The Satyricon.
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2. The Author.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a His Character.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;b His Purpose in Writing.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;c Time in which the Action is placed.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;d Localization of the Principal Episode.
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3. Realism.
+<p> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a Influence of the Satyricon upon the Literature of the World.
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4. The Forgeries.
+</blockquote>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h2>I</h2>
+
+<br>
+<h3>THE SATYRICON.</h3>
+<br>
+<p>Heinsius and Scaliger derive the word from the Greek,
+whence comes our English word satyr, but Casaubon, Dacier and Spanheim
+derive it from the Latin 'satura,' a plate filled with different kinds
+of food, and they refer to Porphyrion's 'multis et variis rebus hoc
+carmen refertum est.'
+
+<p>The text, as we possess it, may be divided into three divisions: the
+first and last relate the adventures of Encolpius and his companions, the
+second, which is a digression, describes the Dinner of Trimalchio. That
+the work was originally divided into books, we had long known from
+ancient glossaries, and we learn, from the title of the Traguriensian
+manuscript, that the fragments therein contained are excerpts from the
+fifteenth and sixteenth books. An interpolation of Fulgentius (Paris
+7975) attributes to Book Fourteen the scene related in Chapter 20 of the
+work as we have it, and the glossary of St. Benedict Floriacensis cites
+the passage 'sed video te totum in illa haerere, quae Troiae halosin
+ostendit (Chapter 89), as from Book Fifteen. As there is no reason to
+suppose that the chapters intervening between the end of the Cena
+(Chapter 79) and Chapter 89 are out of place, it follows that this
+passage may have belonged to Book Sixteen, or even Seventeen, but that it
+could not have belonged to Book Fifteen. From the interpolation of
+Fulgentius we may hazard the opinion that the beginning of the fragments,
+as we possess them (Chapters 1 to 26), form part of Book Fourteen. The
+Dinner of Trimalchio probably formed a complete book, fifteen, and the
+continuation of the adventures of Encolpius down to his meeting with
+Eumolpus (end of Chapter 140) Book Sixteen. The discomfiture of Eumolpus
+should have closed this book but not the entire work, as the exit of the
+two principal characters is not fixed at the time our fragments come to
+an end. The original work, then, would probably have exceeded Tom Jones
+in length.
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h2>II</h2>
+
+<br>
+<h3><a name="THE AUTHOR"></a>THE AUTHOR.</h3>
+<br>
+<p><b>a--</b>"Not often," says Studer (Rheinisches Museum, 1843), "has there been
+so much dispute about the author, the times, the character and the
+purpose of a writing of antiquity as about the fragments of the Satyricon
+of Petronius." The discovery and publication of the Trau manuscript
+brought about a literary controversy which has had few parallels, and
+which has not entirely died out to this day, although the best
+authorities ascribe the work to Caius Petronius, the Arbiter Elegantiarum
+at the court of Nero. "The question as to the date of the narrative of
+the adventures of Encolpius and his boon companions must be regarded as
+settled," says Theodor Mommsen (Hermes, 1878); "this narrative is
+unsurpassed in originality and mastery of treatment among the writings of
+Roman literature. Nor does anyone doubt the identity of its author and
+the Arbiter Elegantiarum of Nero, whose end Tacitus relates."
+
+<p>In any case, the author of this work, if it be the work of one brain,
+must have been a profound psychologist, a master of realism,
+a natural-born story teller, and a gentleman.
+
+<p><b>b--</b>His principal object in writing the work was to amuse but, in amusing,
+he also intended to pillory the aristocracy and his wit is as keen as the
+point of a rapier; but, when we bear in mind the fact that he was an
+ancient, we will find that his cynicism is not cruel, in him there is
+none of the malignity of Aristophanes; there is rather the attitude of
+the refined patrician who is always under the necessity of facing those
+things which he holds most in contempt, the supreme artist who suffers
+from the multitude of bill-boards, so to speak, who lashes the posters
+but holds in pitying contempt those who know so little of true art that
+they mistake those posters for the genuine article. Niebuhr's estimate
+of his character is so just and free from prejudice, and proceeds from
+a mind which, in itself, was so pure and wholesome, that I will quote it:
+
+<p>"All great dramatic poets are endowed with the power of creating beings
+who seem to act and speak with perfect independence, so that the poet is
+nothing more than the relator of what takes place. When Goethe had
+conceived Faust and Margarete, Mephistopheles and Wagner, they moved and
+had their being without any exercise of his will. But in the peculiar
+power which Petronius exercises, in its application to every scene, to
+every individual character, in everything, noble or mean, which he
+undertakes, I know of but one who is fully equal to the Roman, and that
+is Diderot. Trimalchio and Agamemnon might have spoken for Petronius,
+and the nephew Rameau and the parson Papin for Diderot, in every
+condition and on every occasion inexhaustibly, out of their own nature;
+just so the purest and noblest souls, whose kind was, after all, not
+entirely extinct in their day.
+
+<p>"Diderot and a contemporary, related to him in spirit, Count Gaspar
+Gozzi, are marked with the same cynicism which disfigures the Roman;
+their age, like his, had become shameless. But as the two former were in
+their heart noble, upright, and benevolent men, and as in the writings of
+Diderot genuine virtue and a tenderness unknown to his contemporaries
+breathe, so the peculiarity of such a genius can, as it seems, be given
+to a noble and elevated being only. The deep contempt for prevailing
+immorality which naturally leads to cynicism, and a heart which beats for
+everything great and glorious,--virtues which then had no
+existence,--speak from the pages of the Roman in a language intelligible to every
+susceptible heart."
+
+<p><b>c--</b>Beck, in his paper, "The Age of Petronius Arbiter," concluded that the
+author lived and wrote between the years 6 A.D. and 34 A.D., but he
+overlooked the possibility that the author might have lived a few years
+later, written of conditions as they were in his own times, and yet laid
+the action of his novel a few years before. Mommsen and Haley place the
+time under Augustus, Buecheler, about 36-7 A.D., and Friedlaender under
+Nero.
+
+<p><b>d--</b>La Porte du Theil places the scene at Naples because of the fact the
+city in which our heroes met Agamemnon must have been of some
+considerable size because neither Encolpius nor Asclytos could find their
+way back to their inn, when once they had left it, because both were
+tired out from tramping around in search of it and because Giton had been
+so impressed with this danger that he took the precaution to mark the
+pillars with chalk in order that they might not be lost a second time.
+The Gulf of Naples is the only bit of coastline which fits the needs of
+the novel, hence the city must be Naples. The fact that neither of the
+characters knew the city proves that they had been recent arrivals, and
+this furnishes a clue, vague though it is, to what may have gone before.
+
+<p>Haley, "Harvard Studies in Classical Philology," vol. II, makes out a
+very strong case for Puteoli, and his theory of the old town and the new
+town is as ingenious as it is able. Haley also has Trimalchio in his
+favor, as has also La Porte du Theil. "I saw the Sibyl at Cumae," says
+Trimalchio. Now if the scene of the dinner is actually at Cumae this
+sounds very peculiar; it might even be a gloss added by some copyist
+whose knowledge was not equal to his industry. On the other hand,
+suppose Trimalchio is speaking of something so commonplace in his
+locality that the second term has become a generic, then the difficulty
+disappears. We today, even though standing upon the very spot in Melos
+where the Venus was unearthed, would still refer to her as the Venus de
+Melos. Friedlaender, in bracketing Cumis, has not taken this
+sufficiently into consideration. Mommsen, in an excellent paper (Hermes,
+1878), has laid the scene at Cumae. His logic is almost unanswerable,
+and the consensus of opinion is in favor of the latter town.
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<h2>III</h2>
+<br>
+<h3><a name="REALISM"></a>REALISM.</h3>
+<br>
+<p>Realism, as we are concerned with it, may be defined as the
+literary effect produced by the marshaling of details in their exactitude
+for the purpose of bringing out character. The fact that they may be
+ugly and vulgar the reverse, makes not the slightest difference. The
+modern realist contemplates the inanimate things which surround us with
+peculiar complaisance, and it is right that he should as these things
+exert upon us a constant and secret influence. The workings of the human
+mind, in complex civilizations, are by no means simple; they are involved
+and varied: our thoughts, our feelings, our wills, associate themselves
+with an infinite number of sensations and images which play one upon the
+other, and which individualize, in some measure, every action we commit,
+and stamp it. The merit of our modern realists lies in the fact that
+they have studied the things which surround us and our relations to them,
+and thus have they been able to make their creations conform to human
+experience. The ancients gave little attention to this; the man, with
+them, was the important thing; the environment the unimportant. There
+are, of course, exceptions; the interview between Ulysses and Nausiskaa
+is probably the most striking. From the standpoint of environment,
+Petronius, in the greater portion of his work, is an ancient; but one
+exception there is, and it is as brilliant as it is important. The
+entire episode, in which Trimalchio figures, offers an incredible
+abundance of details. The descriptions are exhaustive and minute, but
+the author's prime purpose was not description, it was to bring out the
+characters, it was to pillory the Roman aristocracy, it was to amuse!
+Cicero, in his prosecution of Verres, had shown up this aristocracy in
+all its brutality and greed, it remained for the author of the Cena to
+hold its absurdity up to the light of day, to lash an extravagance which,
+though utterly unbridled, was yet unable to exhaust the looted
+accumulations of years of political double dealing and malfeasance in
+office. Trimalchio's introduction is a masterstroke, the porter at the
+door is another, the effect of the wine upon the women, their jealousy
+lest either's husband should seem more liberal, their appraisal of each
+other's jewelry, Scintilla's remark anent the finesse of Habinnas'
+servant in the mere matter of pandering, the blear-eyed and black-toothed
+slave, teasing a little bitch disgustingly fat, offering her pieces of
+bread and when, from sheer inability, she refuses to eat, cramming it
+down her throat, the effect of the alcohol upon Trimalchio, the little
+old lady girded round with a filthy apron, wearing clogs which were not
+mates, dragging in a huge dog on a chain, the incomparable humor in the
+passage in which Hesus, desperately seasick, sees that which makes him
+believe that even worse misfortunes are in store for him: these details
+are masterpieces of realism. The description of the night-prowling
+shyster lawyer, whose forehead is covered with sebaceous wens, is the
+very acme of propriety; our first meeting; with the poet Eumolpus is a
+beautiful study in background and perspective. Nineteen centuries have
+gone their way since this novel was written, but if we look about us we
+will be able to recognize, under the veneer of civilization, the
+originals of the Satyricon and we will find that here, in a little corner
+of the Roman world, all humanity was held in miniature. Petronius must
+be credited with the great merit of having introduced realism into the
+novel. By an inspiration of genius, he saw that the framework of
+frivolous and licentious novels could be enlarged until it took in
+contemporary custom and environment. It is that which assures for him
+an eminent place, not in Roman literature alone, but in the literature
+of the world.
+
+<p><b>a--</b>INFLUENCE OF THE SATYRICON UPON LITERATURE. The vagrant heroes of
+Petronius are the originals from whom directly, or indirectly, later
+authors drew that inspiration which resulted in the great mass of
+picaresque fiction; but, great as this is, it is not to this that the
+Satyricon owes its powerful influence upon the literature of the world.
+It is to the author's recognition of the importance of environment,
+of the vital role of inanimate surroundings as a means for bringing out
+character and imbuing his episodes and the actions of his characters with
+an air of reality and with those impulses and actions which are common to
+human experience, that his influence is due. By this, the Roman created
+a new style of writing and inaugurated a class of literature which was
+without parallel until the time of Apuleius and, in a lesser degree, of
+Lucian. This class of literature, though modified essentially from age
+to age, in keeping with the dictates of moral purity or bigotry, innocent
+or otherwise, has come to be the very stuff of which literary success in
+fiction is made. One may write a successful book without a thread of
+romance; one cannot write a successful romance without some knowledge of
+realism; the more intimate the knowledge the better the book, and it is
+frequently to this that the failure of a novel is due, although the
+critic might be at a loss to explain it. Petronius lies behind Tristram
+Shandy, his influence can be detected in Smollett, and even Fielding paid
+tribute to him.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>IV</h2>
+<br>
+<h3><a name="FORGERIES"></a>FORGERIES OF PETRONIUS.</h3>
+<br>
+<p>From the very nature of the writings of such an author as Petronius, it
+is evident that the gaps in the text would have a marked tendency to
+stimulate the curiosity of literary forgers and to tempt their sagacity,
+literary or otherwise. The recovery of the Trimalchionian episode, and
+the subsequent pamphleteering would by no means eradicate this "cacoethes
+emendandi."
+
+<p>When, circa 1650, the library of the unfortunate Nicolas Cippico yielded
+up the Trau fragment, the news of this discovery spread far and wide and
+about twelve years later, Statileo, in response to the repeated requests
+of the Venetian ambassador, Pietro Basadonna, made with his own hand a
+copy of the MS., which he sent to Basadonna. The ambassador, in turn,
+permitted this MS. to be printed by one Frambotti, a printer endowed with
+more industry than critical acumen, and the resultant textual conflation
+had much to do with the pamphlet war which followed. Had this Paduan
+printer followed the explicit directions which he received, and printed
+exactly what was given him much good paper might have been saved and a
+very interesting chapter in the history of literary forgery would
+probably never have been written. The pamphlet war did not die out until
+Bleau, in 1670-71, printed his exact reproduction of the Trau manuscript
+and the corrections introduced by that licentiousness of emendation of
+which we have spoken.
+
+<p>In October, 1690, Francois Nodot, a French soldier of fortune, a
+commissary officer who combined belles lettres and philosophy with his
+official duties, wrote to Charpentier, President of the Academy of
+France, calling, his attention to a copy of a manuscript which he (Nodot)
+possessed, and which came into his hands in the following manner: one
+Du Pin, a French officer detailed to service with Austria, had been
+present at the sack of Belgrade in 1688. That this Du Pin had, while
+there, made the acquaintance of a certain Greek renegade, having, as a
+matter of fact, stayed in the house of this renegade. The Greek's
+father, a man of some learning, had by some means come into possession of
+the MS., and Du Pin, in going through some of the books in the house, had
+come across it. He had experienced the utmost difficulty in deciphering
+the letters, and finally, driven by curiosity, had retained a copyist and
+had it copied out. That this Du Pin had this copy in his house at
+Frankfort, and that he had given Nodot to understand that if he (Nodot)
+came to Frankfort, he would be permitted to see this copy. Owing to the
+exigencies of military service, Nodot had been unable to go in person to
+Frankfort, and that he had therefore availed himself of the friendly
+interest and services of a certain merchant of Frankfort, who had
+volunteered to find an amanuensis, have a copy made, and send it to
+Nodot. This was done, and Nodot concludes his letter to Charpentier by
+requesting the latter to lay the result before the Academy and ask for
+their blessing and approval. These Nodotian Supplements were accepted as
+authentic by the Academics of Arles and Nimes, as well as by Charpentier.
+In a short time, however, the voices of scholarly skeptics began to be
+heard in the land, and accurate and unbiased criticism laid bare the
+fraud. The Latinity was attacked and exception taken to Silver Age
+prose in which was found a French police regulation which required newly
+arrived travellers to register their names in the book of a police
+officer of an Italian village of the first century. Although they are
+still retained in the text by some editors, this is done to give some
+measure of continuity to an otherwise interrupted narrative, but they can
+only serve to distort the author and obscure whatever view of him the
+reader might otherwise have reached. They are generally printed between
+brackets or in different type.
+
+<p>In 1768 another and far abler forger saw the light of day. Jose
+Marchena, a Spaniard of Jewish extraction, was destined for an
+ecclesiastical career. He received an excellent education which served
+to fortify a natural bent toward languages and historical criticism. In
+his early youth he showed a marked preference for uncanonical pursuits
+and heretical doctrines and before he had reached his thirtieth year
+prudence counseled him to prevent the consequences of his heresy and
+avoid the too pressing Inquisition by a timely flight into France.
+He arrived there in time to throw himself into the fight for liberty,
+and in 1800 we find him at Basle attached to the staff of General Moreau.
+While there he is said to have amused himself and some of his cronies by
+writing notes on what Davenport would have called "Forbidden Subjects,"
+and, as a means of publishing his erotic lucubrations, he constructed
+this fragment, which brings in those topics on which he had enlarged.
+He translated the fragment into French, attached his notes, and issued
+the book. There is another story to the effect that he had been
+reprimanded by Moreau for having written a loose song and that he
+exculpated himself by assuring the general that it was but a new fragment
+of Petronius which he had translated. Two days later he had the fragment
+ready to prove his contention.
+
+<p>This is the account given by his Spanish biographer. In his preface,
+dedicated to the Army of the Rhine, he states that he found the fragment
+in a manuscript of the work of St. Gennadius on the Duties of Priests,
+probably of the XI Century. A close examination revealed the fact that
+it was a palimpsest which, after treatment, permitted the restoration of
+this fragment. It is supposed to supply the gap in Chapter 26 after the
+word "verberabant."
+
+<p>Its obscenity outrivals that of the preceding text, and the grammar,
+style, and curiosa felicitas Petroniana make it an almost perfect
+imitation. There is no internal evidence of forgery. If the text is
+closely scrutinized it will be seen that it is composed of words and
+expressions taken from various parts of the Satyricon, "and that in every
+line it has exactly the Petronian turn of phrase."
+
+<p>"Not only is the original edition unprocurable," to quote again from
+Mr. Gaselee's invaluable bibliography, "but the reprint at Soleure
+(Brussels), 1865, consisted of only 120 copies, and is hard to find.
+The most accessible place for English readers is in Bohn's translation,
+in which, however, only the Latin text is given; and the notes were a
+most important part of the original work."
+
+<p>These notes, humorously and perhaps sarcastically ascribed to Lallemand,
+Sanctae Theologiae Doctor, "are six in number (all on various forms of
+vice); and show great knowledge, classical and sociological, of unsavory
+subjects. Now that the book is too rare to do us any harm, we may admit
+that the pastiche was not only highly amusing, but showed a perverse
+cleverness amounting almost to genius."
+
+<p>Marchena died at Madrid in great poverty in 1821. A contemporary has
+described him as being rather short and heavy set in figure, of great
+frontal development, and vain beyond belief. He considered himself
+invincible where women were concerned. He had a peculiar predilection
+in the choice of animal pets and was an object of fear and curiosity
+to the towns people. His forgery might have been completely successful
+had he not acknowledged it himself within two or three years after the
+publication of his brochure. The fragment will remain a permanent
+tribute to the excellence of his scholarship, but it is his Ode to Christ
+Crucified which has made him more generally known, and it is one of the
+ironies of fate that caused this deformed giant of sarcasm to compose a
+poem of such tender and touching piety.
+
+<p>Very little is known about Don Joe Antonio Gonzalez de Salas, whose
+connecting passages, with the exception of one which is irrelevant, are
+here included.
+
+<p>The learned editors of the Spanish encyclopedia naively preface their
+brief sketch with the following assertion: "no tenemos noticias de su
+vida." De Salas was born in 1588 and died in 1654. His edition of
+Petronius was first issued in 1629 and re-issued in 1643 with a copper
+plate of the Editor. The Paris edition, from which he says he supplied
+certain deficiencies in the text, is unknown to bibliographers and is
+supposed to be fictitious.
+
+<p>To distinguish the spurious passages, as a point of interest, in the
+present edition, the forgeries of Nodot are printed within round
+brackets, the forgery of Marchena within square brackets, and the
+additions of De Salas in italics {In this PG etext in curly brackets}.
+
+<p>The work is also accompanied by a translation of the six notes, the
+composition of which led Marchena to forge the fragment which first
+appeared in the year 1800. These have never before been translated.
+
+<p>Thanks are due Ralph Straus, Esq., and Professor Stephen Gaselee.
+<br>
+<hr>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center>
+ <h1><a name="THE SATYRICON"></a>THE SATYRICON OF</h1>
+ <h1>PETRONIUS ARBITER</h1>
+</center>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><i><b>BRACKET CODE:</b></i></p>
+<p><i>(Forgeries of Nodot)</i></p>
+<p><i>[Forgeries of Marchena]</i></p>
+<p><i>{Additions of De Salas}</i></p>
+<p><i>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;DW</i></p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+
+
+<center>
+<h1><a name="VOLUME I."></a>VOLUME I.</h1>
+<h1>ADVENTURES OF ENCOLPIUS AND HIS COMPANIONS</h1>
+</center>
+
+<br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FIRST.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>(It has been so long; since I promised you the story of my adventures,
+that I have decided to make good my word today; and, seeing that we have
+thus fortunately met, not to discuss scientific matters alone, but also
+to enliven our jolly conversation with witty stories. Fabricius Veiento
+has already spoken very cleverly on the errors committed in the name of
+religion, and shown how priests, animated by an hypocritical mania for
+prophecy, boldly expound mysteries which are too often such to
+themselves. But) are our rhetoricians tormented by another species of
+Furies when they cry, "I received these wounds while fighting for the
+public liberty; I lost this eye in your defense: give me a guide who will
+lead me to my children, my limbs are hamstrung and will not hold me up!"
+Even these heroics could be endured if they made easier the road to
+eloquence; but as it is, their sole gain from this ferment of matter and
+empty discord of words is, that when they step into the Forum, they think
+they have been carried into another world. And it is my conviction that
+the schools are responsible for the gross foolishness of our young men,
+because, in them, they see or hear nothing at all of the affairs of
+every-day life, but only pirates standing in chains upon the shore,
+tyrants scribbling edicts in which sons are ordered to behead their own
+fathers; responses from oracles, delivered in time of pestilence,
+ordering the immolation of three or more virgins; every word a honied
+drop, every period sprinkled with poppy-seed and sesame.
+
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SECOND.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Those who are brought up on such a diet can no more attain to wisdom than
+a kitchen scullion can attain to a keen sense of smell or avoid stinking
+of the grease. With your indulgence, I will speak out: you--teachers--are chiefly
+responsible for the decay of oratory. With your well
+modulated and empty tones you have so labored for rhetorical effect that
+the body of your speech has lost its vigor and died. Young men did not
+learn set speeches in the days when Sophocles and Euripides were
+searching for words in which to express themselves. In the days when
+Pindar and the nine lyric poets feared to attempt Homeric verse there was
+no private tutor to stifle budding genius. I need not cite the poets for
+evidence, for I do not find that either Plato or Demosthenes was given
+to this kind of exercise. A dignified and, if I may say it, a chaste,
+style, is neither elaborate nor loaded with ornament; it rises supreme by
+its own natural purity. This windy and high-sounding bombast, a recent
+immigrant to Athens, from Asia, touched with its breath the aspiring
+minds of youth, with the effect of some pestilential planet, and as soon
+as the tradition of the past was broken, eloquence halted and was
+stricken dumb. Since that, who has attained to the sublimity of
+Thucydides, who rivalled the fame of Hyperides? Not a single poem
+has glowed with a healthy color, but all of them, as though nourished
+on the same diet, lacked the strength to live to old age. Painting
+also suffered the same fate when the presumption of the Egyptians
+"commercialized" that incomparable art. (I was holding forth along these
+lines one day, when Agamemnon came up to us and scanned with a curious
+eye a person to whom the audience was listening so closely.)
+
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE THIRD.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>He would not permit me to declaim longer in the portico than he himself
+had sweat in the school, but exclaimed, "Your sentiments do not reflect
+the public taste, young man, and you are a lover of common sense, which
+is still more unusual. For that reason, I will not deceive you as to the
+secrets of my profession. The teachers, who must gibber with lunatics,
+are by no means to blame for these exercises. Unless they spoke in
+accordance with the dictates of their young pupils, they would, as Cicero
+remarks, be left alone in the schools! And, as designing parasites, when
+they seek invitations to the tables of the rich, have in mind nothing
+except what will, in their opinion, be most acceptable to their audience
+--for in no other way can they secure their ends, save by setting snares
+for the ears--so it is with the teachers of rhetoric, they might be
+compared with the fisherman, who, unless he baits his hook with what he
+knows is most appetizing to the little fish, may wait all day upon some
+rock, without the hope of a catch."
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p006"></a><img alt="p006.jpg (84K)" src="p006.jpg" height="915" width="623"></center>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FOURTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>What, then, is there to do? The parents who are unwilling to permit
+their children to undergo a course of training under strict discipline,
+are the ones who deserve the reproof. In the first place, everything
+they possess, including the children, is devoted to ambition. Then, that
+their wishes may the more quickly be realized, they drive these unripe
+scholars into the forum, and the profession of eloquence, than which none
+is considered nobler, devolves upon boys who are still in the act of
+being born! If, however, they would permit a graded course of study to
+be prescribed, in order that studious boys might ripen their minds by
+diligent reading; balance their judgment by precepts of wisdom, correct
+their compositions with an unsparing pen, hear at length what they ought
+to imitate, and be convinced that nothing can be sublime when it is
+designed to catch the fancy of boys, then the grand style of oratory
+would immediately recover the weight and splendor of its majesty. Now
+the boys play in the schools, the young men are laughed at in the forum,
+and, a worse symptom than either, no one, in his old age, will confess
+the errors he was taught in his school days. But that you may not
+imagine that I disapprove of a jingle in the Lucilian manner, I will
+deliver my opinions in verse,--
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FIFTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<p> "The man who emerges with fame, from the school of stern art,
+
+<p> Whose mind gropes for lofty ideals, to bring them to light,
+
+<p> Must first, under rigid frugality, study his part;
+
+<p> Nor yearn for the courts of proud princes who frown in their might:
+
+<p> Nor scheme with the riff-raf, a client in order to dine,
+
+<p> Nor can he with evil companions his wit drown in wine
+
+<p> Nor sit, as a hireling, applauding an actor's grimace.
+
+<p> But, whether the fortress of arms-bearing Tritonis smile
+
+<p> Upon him, or land which the Spartan colonials grace,
+
+<p> Or home of the sirens, with poetry let him beguile
+
+<p> The years of young manhood, and at the Maeonian spring
+
+<p> His fortunate soul drink its fill: Then, when later, the lore
+
+<p> Of Socrates' school he has mastered, the reins let him fling,
+
+<p> And brandish the weapons that mighty Demosthenes bore.
+
+<p> Then, steeped in the culture and music of Greece, let his taste
+
+<p> Be ripened and mellowed by all the great writers of Rome.
+
+<p> At first, let him haunt not the courts; let his pages be graced
+
+<p> By ringing and rhythmic effusions composed in his home
+
+<p> Next, banquets and wars be his theme, sung in soul-stirring chant,
+
+<p> In eloquent words such as undaunted Cicero chose.
+
+<p> Come! Gird up thy soul! Inspiration will then force a vent
+
+<p> And rush in a flood from a heart that is loved by the muse!"
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SIXTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>I was listening so attentively to this speech that I did not notice the
+flight of Ascyltos, and while I was pacing the gardens, engulfed in this
+flood-tide of rhetoric, a large crowd of students came out upon the
+portico, having, it would seem, just listened to an extemporaneous
+declamation, of I know not whom, the speaker of which had taken
+exceptions to the speech of Agamemnon. While, therefore, the young men
+were making fun of the sentiments of this last speaker, and criticizing
+the arrangement of the whole speech, I seized the opportunity and went
+after Ascyltos, on the run; but, as I neither held strictly to the road,
+nor knew where the inn was located, wherever I went, I kept coming back
+to the same place, until, worn out with running, and long since dripping
+with sweat, I approached a certain little old woman who sold country
+vegetables.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p010"></a><img alt="p010.jpg (82K)" src="p010.jpg" height="787" width="599"></center>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SEVENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>"Please, mother," I wheedled, "you don't know where I lodge, do you?"
+Delighted with such humorous affability, "What's the reason I don't" she
+replied, and getting upon her feet, she commenced to walk ahead of me. I
+took her for a prophetess until, when presently we came to a more obscure
+quarter, the affable old lady pushed aside a crazy-quilt and remarked,
+"Here's where you ought to live," and when I denied that I recognized the
+house, I saw some men prowling stealthily between the rows of name-boards
+and naked prostitutes. Too late I realized that I had been led into a
+brothel. After cursing the wiles of the little old hag, I covered my
+head and commenced to run through the middle of the night-house to the
+exit opposite, when, lo and behold! whom should I meet on the very
+threshold but Ascyltos himself, as tired as I was, and almost dead; you
+would have thought that he had been brought by the self-same little old
+hag! I smiled at that, greeted him cordially, and asked him what he was
+doing in such a scandalous place.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE EIGHTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Wiping away the sweat with his hands, he replied, "If you only knew what
+I have gone through!" "What was it?" I demanded. "A most respectable
+looking person came up to me," he made reply, "while I was wandering all
+over the town and could not find where I had left my inn, and very
+graciously offered to guide me. He led me through some very dark and
+crooked alleys, to this place, pulled out his tool, and commenced to beg
+me to comply with his appetite. A whore had already vacated her cell for
+an as, and he had laid hands upon me, and, but for the fact that I was
+the stronger, I would have been compelled to take my medicine." (While
+Ascyltos was telling me of his bad luck, who should come up again but
+this same very respectable looking person, in company with a woman not at
+all bad looking, and, looking at Ascyltos, he requested him to enter the
+house, assuring him that there was nothing to fear, and, since he was
+unwilling to take the passive part, he should have the active. The
+woman, on her part, urged me very persistently to accompany her, so we
+followed the couple, at last, and were conducted between the rows of
+name-boards, where we saw, in cells, many persons of each sex amusing
+themselves in such a manner) that it seemed to me that every one of them
+must have been drinking satyrion. (On catching sight of us, they
+attempted to seduce us with paederastic wantonness, and one wretch, with
+his clothes girded up, assaulted Ascyltos, and, having thrown him down
+upon a couch, attempted to gore him from above. I succored the sufferer
+immediately, however,) and having joined forces, we defied the
+troublesome wretch. (Ascyltos ran out of the house and took to his
+heels, leaving me as the object of their lewd attacks, but the crowd,
+finding me the stronger in body and purpose, let me go unharmed.)
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p012"></a><img alt="p012.jpg (88K)" src="p012.jpg" height="901" width="565">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE NINTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>(After having tramped nearly all over the city,) I caught sight of Giton,
+as though through a fog, standing at the end of the street, (on the very
+threshold of the inn,) and I hastened to the same place. When I inquired
+whether my "brother" had prepared anything for breakfast, the boy sat
+down upon the bed and wiped away the trickling tears with his thumb.
+I was greatly disturbed by such conduct on the part of my "brother," and
+demanded to be told what had happened. After I had mingled threats with
+entreaties, he answered slowly and against his will, "That brother or
+comrade of yours rushed into the room a little while ago and commenced to
+attempt my virtue by force. When I screamed, he pulled out his tool and
+gritted out--If you're a Lucretia, you've found your Tarquin!" When I
+heard this, I shook my fists in Ascyltos' face, "What have you to say for
+yourself," I snarled, "you rutting pathic harlot, whose very breath is
+infected?" Ascyltos pretended to bristle up and, shaking his fists more
+boldly still, he roared: "Won't you keep quiet, you filthy gladiator, you
+who escaped from the criminal's cage in the amphitheatre to which you
+were condemned (for the murder of your host?) Won't you hold your
+tongue, you nocturnal assassin, who, even when you swived it bravely,
+never entered the lists with a decent woman in your life? Was I not a
+'brother' to you in the pleasure-garden, in the same sense as that in
+which this boy now is in this lodging-house?" "You sneaked away from the
+master's lecture," I objected.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>"What should I have done, you triple fool, when I was
+dying of hunger? I suppose I should have listened to opinions as much to
+the purpose as the tinkle of broken glass or the interpretation of
+dreams. By Hercules, you are much more deserving of censure than I, you
+who will flatter a poet so as to get an invitation to dinner!" Then we
+laughed ourselves out of a most disgraceful quarrel, and approached more
+peaceably whatever remained to be done. But the remembrance of that
+injury recurred to my mind and, "Ascyltos," I said, "I know we shall not
+be able to agree, so let us divide our little packs of common stock and
+try to defeat our poverty by our individual efforts. Both you and I know
+letters, but that I may not stand in the way of any undertaking of yours,
+I will take up some other profession. Otherwise, a thousand trifles will
+bring us into daily collision and furnish cause for gossip through the
+whole town." Ascyltos made no objection to this, but merely remarked,
+"As we, in our capacity of scholars, have accepted an invitation to
+dinner, for this date, let us not lose our night. Since it seems to be
+the graceful thing to do, I will look out for another lodging and another
+'brother,' tomorrow." "Deferred pleasures are a long time coming,"
+I sighed. It was lust that made this separation so hasty, for I had, for
+a long time, wished to be rid of a troublesome chaperon, so that I could
+resume my old relations with my Giton. (Bearing this affront with
+difficulty, Ascyltos rushed from the room, without uttering a word.
+Such a headlong outburst augured badly, for I well knew his ungovernable
+temper and his unbridled passion. On this account, I followed him out,
+desirous of fathoming his designs and of preventing their consequences,
+but he hid himself skillfully from my eyes, and all in vain, I searched
+for him for a long time.)
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p020"></a><img alt="p020.jpg (79K)" src="p020.jpg" height="713" width="605">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE ELEVENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>After having had the whole town under my eyes, I returned to the little
+room and, having claimed the kisses which were mine in good faith, I
+encircled the boy in the closest of embraces and enjoyed the effect of
+our happy vows to a point that might be envied. Nor had all the
+ceremonies been completed, when Ascyltos stole stealthily up to the
+outside of the door and, violently wrenching off the bars, burst in upon
+me, toying with my "brother." He filled the little room with his
+laughter and hand-clapping, pulled away the cloak which covered us, "What
+are you up to now, most sanctimonious 'brother'?" he jeered. "What's
+going on here, a blanket-wedding?" Nor did he confine himself to words,
+but, pulling the strap off his bag, he began to lash me very thoroughly,
+interjecting sarcasms the while, "This is the way you would share with
+your comrade, is it!" (The unexpectedness of the thing compelled me to
+endure the blows in silence and to put up with the abuse, so I smiled at
+my calamity, and very prudently, too, as otherwise I should have been put
+to the necessity of fighting with a rival. My pretended good humor
+soothed his anger, and at last, Ascyltos smiled as well. "See here,
+Encolpius," he said, "are you so engrossed with your debaucheries that
+you do not realize that our money is gone, and that what we have left is
+of no value? In the summer, times are bad in the city. The country is
+luckier, let's go and visit our friends." Necessity compelled the
+approval of this plan, and the repression of any sense of injury as well,
+so, loading Giton with our packs, we left the city and hastened to the
+country-seat of Lycurgus, a Roman knight. Inasmuch as Ascyltos has
+formerly served him in the capacity of "brother," he received us royally,
+and the company there assembled, rendered our stay still more delightful.
+In the first place, there was Tryphaena, a most beautiful woman, who had
+come in company with Lycas, the master of a vessel and owner of estates
+near the seashore. Although Lycurgus kept a frugal table, the pleasures
+we enjoyed in this most enchanting spot cannot be described in words.
+Of course you know that Venus joined us all up, as quickly as possible.
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p024"></a><img alt="p024.jpg (43K)" src="p024.jpg" height="927" width="449">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p>The lovely Tryphaena pleased my taste, and listened willingly to my vows,
+but hardly had I had time to enjoy her favors when Lycas, in a towering
+rage because his preserves had been secretly invaded, demanded that I
+indemnify him in her stead. She was an old flame of his, so he broached
+the subject of a mutual exchange of favors. Burning with lust, he
+pressed his suit, but Tryphaena possessed my heart, and I said Lycas nay.
+By refusal, however, he was only made more ardent, followed me
+everywhere, entered my room at night, and, after his entreaties had met
+with contempt, he had recourse to violence against me, at which I yelled
+so lustily that I aroused the entire household, and, by the help of
+Lycurgus, I was delivered from the troublesome assault and escaped. At
+last, perceiving that the house of Lycurgus was not suitable to the
+prosecution of his design, he attempted to persuade me to seek his
+hospitality, and when his suggestion was refused, he made use of
+Tryphaena's influence over me. She besought me to comply with Lycas'
+desires, and she did this all the more readily as by that she hoped to
+gain more liberty of action. With affairs in this posture, I follow my
+love, but Lycurgus, who had renewed his old relations with Ascyltos,
+would not permit him to leave, so it was decided that he should remain
+with Lycurgus, but that we would accompany Lycas. Nevertheless, we had
+it understood among ourselves that whenever the opportunity presented
+itself, we would each pilfer whatever we could lay hands upon, for the
+betterment of the common stock. Lycas was highly delighted with my
+acceptance of his invitation and hastened our departure, so, bidding our
+friends good-bye, we arrived at his place on the very same day. Lycas
+had so arranged matters that, on the journey, he sat beside me, while
+Tryphaena was next to Giton, the reason for this being his knowledge
+of the woman's notorious inconstancy; nor was he deceived, for she
+immediately fell in love with the boy, and I easily perceived it.
+In addition, Lycas took the trouble of calling my attention to the
+situation, and laid stress upon the truth of what we saw. On this
+account, I received his advances more graciously, at which he was
+overjoyed. He was certain that contempt would be engendered from the
+inconstancy of my "sister," with the result that, being piqued at
+Tryphaena, I would all the more freely receive his advances. Now this
+was the state of affairs at the house of Lycas, Tryphaena was desperately
+in love with Giton, Giton's whole soul was aflame for her, neither of
+them was a pleasing sight to my eyes, and Lycas, studying to please me,
+arranged novel entertainments each day, which Doris, his lovely wife,
+seconded to the best of her ability, and so gracefully that she soon
+expelled Tryphaena from my heart. A wink of the eye acquainted Doris of
+my passion, a coquettish glance informed me of the state of her heart,
+and this silent language, anticipating the office of the tongue, secretly
+expressed that longing of our souls which we had both experienced at the
+same instant. The jealousy of Lycas, already well known to me, was the
+cause of my silence, but love itself revealed to the wife the designs
+which Lycas had upon me. At our first opportunity of exchanging
+confidences, she revealed to me what she had discovered and I candidly
+confessed, telling her of the coldness with which I had always met his
+advances. The far-sighted woman remarked that it would be necessary for
+us to use our wits. It turned out that her advice was sound, for I soon
+found out that complacency to the one meant possession of the other.
+Giton, in the meantime, was recruiting his exhausted strength, and
+Tryphaena turned her attention to me, but, meeting with a repulse, she
+flounced out in a rage. The next thing this burning harlot did was to
+discover my commerce with both husband and wife. As for his wantonness
+with me, she flung that aside, as by it she lost nothing, but she fell
+upon the secret gratifications of Doris and made them known to Lycas,
+who, his jealousy proving stronger than his lust, took steps to get
+revenge. Doris, however, forewarned by Tryphaena's maid, looked out
+for squalls and held aloof from any secret assignations. When I became
+aware of all this, I heartily cursed the perfidy of Tryphaena and the
+ungrateful soul of Lycas, and made up my mind to be gone. Fortune
+favored me, as it turned out, for a vessel sacred to Isis and laden with
+prize-money had, only the day before, run upon the rocks in the vicinity.
+After holding a consultation with Giton, at which he gladly gave consent
+to my plan, as Tryphaena visibly neglected him after having sapped his
+virility, we hastened to the sea-shore early on the following morning,
+and boarded the wreck, a thing easy of accomplishment as the watchmen,
+who were in the pay of Lycas, knew us well. But they were so attentive
+to us that there was no opportunity of stealing a thing until, having
+left Giton with them, I craftily slipped out of sight and sneaked aft
+where the statue of Isis stood, and despoiled it of a valuable mantle and
+a silver sistrum. From the master's cabin, I also pilfered other
+valuable trifles and, stealthily sliding down a rope, went ashore. Giton
+was the only one who saw me and he evaded the watchmen and slipped away
+after me. I showed him the plunder, when he joined me, and we decided
+to post with all speed to Ascyltos, but we did not arrive at the home of
+Lycurgus until the following day. In a few words I told Ascyltos of the
+robbery, when he joined us, and of our unfortunate love-affairs as well.
+He was for prepossessing the mind of Lycurgus in our favor, naming the
+increasing wantonness of Lycas as the cause of our secret and sudden
+change of habitation. When Lycurgus had heard everything, he swore
+that he would always be a tower of strength between us and our enemies.
+Until Tryphaena and Doris were awake and out of bed, our flight remained
+undiscovered, for we paid them the homage of a daily attendance at the
+morning toilette. When our unwonted absence was noted, Lycas sent out
+runners to comb the sea-shore, for he suspected that we had been to the
+wreck, but he was still unaware of the robbery, which was yet unknown
+because the stern of the wreck was lying away from the beach, and the
+master had not, as yet, gone back aboard. Lycas flew into a towering
+rage when our flight was established for certain, and railed bitterly at
+Doris, whom he considered as the moving factor in it. Of the hard words
+and the beating he gave her I will say nothing, for the particulars are
+not known to me, but I will affirm that Tryphaena, who was the sole cause
+of the unpleasantness, persuaded Lycas to hunt for his fugitives in the
+house of Lycurgus, which was our most probable sanctuary. She
+volunteered to accompany him in person, so that she could load us with
+the abuse which we deserved at her hands. They set out on the following
+day and arrived at the estate of Lycurgus, but we were not there, for he
+had taken us to a neighboring town to attend the feast of Hercules, which
+was there being celebrated. As soon as they found out about this, they
+hastened to take to the road and ran right into us in the portico of the
+temple. At sight of them, we were greatly put out, and Lycas held forth
+violently to Lycurgus, upon the subject of our flight, but he was met
+with raised eyebrows and such a scowling forehead that I plucked up
+courage and, in a loud voice, passed judgment upon his lewd and base
+attempts and assaults upon me, not in the house of Lycurgus alone, but
+even under his own roof: and as for the meddling Tryphaena, she received
+her just deserts, for, at great length, I described her moral turpitude
+to the crowd, our altercation had caused a mob to collect, and, to give
+weight to my argument, I pointed to limber-hamed Giton, drained dry, as
+it were, and to myself, reduced almost to skin and bones by the raging
+lust of that nymphomaniac harlot. So humiliated were our enemies by the
+guffaws of the mob, that in gloomy ill-humor they beat a retreat to plot
+revenge. As they perceived that we had prepossessed the mind of Lycurgus
+in our favor, they decided to await his return, at his estate, in order
+that they might wean him away from his misapprehension. As the
+solemnities did not draw to a close until late at night, we could not
+reach Lycurgus' country place, so he conducted us to a villa of his,
+situated near the halfway point of the journey, and, leaving us to sleep
+there until the next day, he set off for his estate for the purpose of
+transacting some business. Upon his arrival, he found Lycas and
+Tryphaena awaiting him, and they stated their case so diplomatically that
+they prevailed upon him to deliver us into their hands. Lycurgus, cruel
+by nature and incapable of keeping his word, was by this time striving to
+hit upon the best method of betraying us, and to that end, he persuaded
+Lycas to go for help, while he himself returned to the villa and had us
+put under guard. To the villa he came, and greeted us with a scowl as
+black as any Lycas himself had ever achieved, clenching his fists again
+and again, he charged us with having lied about Lycas, and, turning
+Ascyltos out, he gave orders that we were to be kept confined to the room
+in which we had retired to rest. Nor would he hear a word in our
+defense, from Ascyltos, but, taking the latter with him, he returned to
+his estate, reiterating his orders relative to our confinement, which was
+to last until his return. On the way back, Ascyltos vainly essayed to
+break down Lycurgus' determination, but neither prayers nor caresses, nor
+even tears could move him. Thereupon my "brother" conceived the design
+of freeing us from our chains, and, antagonized by the stubbornness of
+Lycurgus, he positively refused to sleep with him, and through this he
+was in a better position to carry out the plan which he had thought out.
+When the entire household was buried in its first sleep, Ascyltos loaded
+our little packs upon his back and slipped out through a breach in the
+wall, which he had previously noted, arriving at the villa with the dawn.
+He gained entrance without opposition and found his way to our room,
+which the guards had taken the precaution to bar. It was easy to force
+an entrance, as the fastening was made of wood, which same he pried off
+with a piece of iron. The fall of the lock roused us, for we were
+snoring away, in spite of our unfortunate situation. On account of the
+long vigil, the guard was in such a deep sleep that we alone were wakened
+by the crashing fall of the lock, and Ascyltos, coming in, told us in a
+few words what he had done for us; but as far as that goes, not many were
+necessary. We were hurriedly dressing, when I was seized with the notion
+of killing the guard and stripping the place. This plan I confided to
+Ascyltos, who approved of the looting, but pointed out a more desirable
+solution without bloodshed: knowing all the crooks and turns, as he did,
+he led us to a store-room which he opened. We gathered up all that was
+of value and sallied forth while it was yet early in the morning.
+Shunning the public roads; we could not rest until we believed ourselves
+safe from pursuit. Ascyltos, when he had caught his breath, gloatingly
+exulted of the pleasure which the looting of a villa belonging to
+Lycurgus, a superlatively avaricious man, afforded him: he complained,
+with justice of his parsimony, affirming that he himself had received no
+reward for his k-nightly services, that he had been kept at a dry table
+and on a skimpy ration of food. This Lycurgus was so stingy that he
+denied himself even the necessities of life, his immense wealth to the
+contrary notwithstanding.)
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<p> The tortured Tantalus still stands, to parch in his shifting pool,
+
+<p> And starve, when fruit sways just beyond his grasp:
+
+<p> The image of the miser rich, when his avaricious soul
+
+<p> Robs him of food and drink, in Plenty's clasp.
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+
+<p>(Ascyltos was for going to Naples that same day, but I protested the
+imprudence of going to any place where they would be on the lookout for
+us. "Let's absent ourselves, for a while, and travel in the country. We
+are well supplied with means." This advice took his fancy and we set out
+for a part of the country noted for the beauty of its estates, and where
+not a few of our acquaintances were enjoying the sports of the season.
+Scarcely had we covered half the distance, however, before it began to
+pour down rain by the bucketful, compelling us to run for the nearest
+village. Upon entering the inn, we noticed many other wayfarers, who had
+put up there to escape the storm. The jam prevented our being watched,
+and at the same time made it easier for us to pry about with curious
+eyes, on the alert for something to appropriate. Ascyltos, unseen by
+anyone, picked up off the ground a little pouch in which he found some
+gold pieces. We were overjoyed with this auspicious beginning, but,
+fearing that some one would miss the gold, we stealthily slipped out by
+the back door. A slave, who was saddling a horse in the courtyard,
+suddenly left his work and went into the house, as if he had forgotten
+something, and while he was gone I appropriated a superb mantle which was
+tied fast to the saddle, by untying the thongs, then, utilizing a row of
+outbuildings for cover, we made off into the nearest wood. When we had
+reached the depths of the grove, where we were in safety, we thoroughly
+discussed the surest method of secreting our gold, so that we would
+neither be accused of robbery nor robbed ourselves, and we finally
+decided to sew it into the hem of a ragged tunic, which I threw over my
+shoulders, after having turned the mantle over to Ascyltos for
+safekeeping; we then made ready to start for the city via the
+unfrequented roads. We were just about to emerge from the shelter of
+the wood when we heard, from somewhere on our left, "They can't get away,
+they came into this wood; let's spread out and beat, and they will easily
+be caught!" On hearing this, we were thrown into such a terrible fright
+that Ascyltos and Giton dashed away city-ward, through the underbrush,
+and I retreated in such a hurry that the precious tunic slipped off my
+shoulders without my knowing it. At last, completely fagged out, and
+unable to take another step, I lay down under a tree, and there I first
+became aware of the loss of the tunic. Chagrin restored my strength and
+I leaped to my feet to look for the treasure, and for a long time I beat
+around in vain. Worn out with work and vexation, I forced my way into
+the thickest part of the grove and remained there for four mortal hours,
+but at last, bored to extinction by the horrible solitude, I sought a way
+out. As I went ahead, I caught sight of a peasant; then I had need of
+all my nerve, and it did not fail me. Marching boldly up to him, I asked
+my way to the city, complaining that I had been lost in the wood for
+several hours. Seeing my condition, he took pity upon me, for I was
+covered with mud and paler than death, and asked me whether I had seen
+anyone in the place. "Not a soul," I replied, whereupon he kindly
+conducted me to the high road, where he met two of his companions, who
+informed him that they had beaten along every path in the forest without
+having found anything except a tunic, which they showed him. As may be
+readily supposed, I did not have the audacity to claim it, though well
+aware of its value, and my chagrin became almost insupportable as I
+vented many a groaning curse over my lost treasure. The peasants paid
+no attention to me, and I was gradually left behind, as my weakness
+increased my pace decreased. For this reason, it was late when I reached
+the city, and, entering the inn, beheld Ascyltos, stretched out, half
+dead, upon a cot. Too far gone to utter a single syllable, I threw
+myself upon another. Ascyltos became greatly excited at not seeing the
+tunic which he had entrusted to me, demanding it insistently, but I was
+so weak that my voice refused its office and I permitted the apathy of my
+eyes to answer his demand, then, by and by, regaining my strength little
+by little, I related the whole affair to Ascyltos, in every detail. He
+thought that I was joking, and although my testimony was fortified by a
+copious flood of tears, it could easily be seen that he remained
+unconvinced, believing that I wanted to cheat him out of the gold.
+Giton, who was standing by during all this, was as downcast as myself,
+and the suffering of the lad only served to increase my own vexation, but
+the thing which bothered me most of all, was the painstaking search which
+was being made for us; I told Ascyltos of this, but he only laughed it
+off, as he had so happily extricated himself from the scrape. He was
+convinced that, as we were unknown and as no one had seen us, we were
+perfectly safe. We decided, nevertheless, to feign sickness, and to keep
+to our room as long as possible; but, before we knew it, our money ran
+out, and spurred by necessity we were forced to go abroad and sell some
+of our plunder.)
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWELFTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Twilight was falling, as we entered the market-place, in which we noticed
+a quantity of things for sale, not any of much value, it is true, but
+such as could be disposed of to the best advantage when the semi-darkness
+would serve to hide their doubtful origin. As we had brought our stolen
+mantle, we proceeded to make use of so favorable an opportunity, and, in
+a secluded spot, displayed a corner of it, hoping the splendid garment
+would attract some purchaser. Nor was it long before a certain peasant,
+whose face was familiar to my eyes, came up, accompanied by a young
+woman, and began to examine the garment very closely. Ascyltos, in turn,
+cast a glance at the shoulders of our rustic customer, and was instantly
+struck dumb with astonishment. Nor could I myself look upon this man
+without some emotion, for he seemed to be the identical person who had
+picked up the ragged tunic in the lonely wood, and, as a matter of fact,
+he was! Ascyltos, afraid to believe the evidence of his own eyes for
+fear of doing something rash, approached the man, as a prospective buyer,
+took the hem of the tunic from the rustic's shoulders, and felt it
+thoroughly.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE THIRTEENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Oh wonderful stroke of Fortune! The peasant had not yet laid his
+meddling hands upon the seams, but was scornfully offering the thing for
+sale, as though it had been the leavings of some beggar. When Ascyltos
+had assured himself that the hoard was intact, and had taken note of the
+social status of the seller, he led me a little aside from the crowd and
+said, "Do you know, 'brother,' that the treasure about which I was so
+worked up has come back to us? That is the little tunic, and it seems
+that the gold pieces are still untouched. What ought we to do, and how
+shall we make good our claim?" I was overjoyed, not so much at seeing
+our booty, as I was for the reason that Fortune had released me from a
+very ugly suspicion. I was opposed to doing anything by devious methods,
+thinking that should he prove unwilling to restore to the proper owner an
+article not his own, it ought to come to a civil action and a judgment
+secured.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FOURTEENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Not so Ascyltos, who was afraid of the law, and demurred, "Who knows us
+here? Who will place any credence in anything we say? It seems to me
+that it would be better to buy, ours though it is, and we know it, and
+recover the treasure at small cost, rather than to engage in a doubtful
+lawsuit."
+
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<p> Of what avail are any laws, where money rules alone,
+
+<p> Where Poverty can never win its cases?
+
+<p> Detractors of the times, who bear the Cynic's scrip, are known
+
+<p> To often sell the truth, and keep their faces!
+
+<p> So Justice is at public auction bought,
+
+<p> The knight gives judgement as Gold says he ought.
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+
+<p>But, with the exception of a two-as piece with which we had intended
+purchasing peas and lupines, there was nothing to hand; so, for fear our
+loot should escape us in the interim, we resolved to appraise the mantle
+at less, and, through a small sacrifice, secure a greater profit.
+Accordingly, we spread it out, and the young woman of the covered head,
+who was standing by the peasant's side, narrowly inspected the markings,
+seized the hem with both hands, and screamed "Thieves!" at the top of her
+voice. We were greatly disconcerted at this and, for fear that
+inactivity on our part should seem to lend color to her charges, we
+laid hold of the dirty ragged tunic, in our turn, and shouted with equal
+spite, that this was our property which they had in their possession; but
+our cases were by no means on an equality, and the hucksters who had
+crowded around us at the uproar, laughed at our spiteful claim, and very
+naturally, too, since one side laid claim to a very valuable mantle,
+while the other demanded a rag which was not worth a good patch.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE FIFTEENTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Ascyltos, when he had secured silence, adroitly put a stop to their
+laughter by exclaiming, "We can see that each puts the greater value upon
+his own property. Let them return our tunic to us, and take back their
+mantle!" This exchange was satisfactory enough to the peasant and the
+young woman, but some night-prowling shyster lawyers, who wished to get
+possession of the mantle for their own profit, demanded that both
+articles be deposited with them, and the judge could look into the case
+on the morrow, for it would appear that the ownership of the articles was
+not so much to the point as was the suspicion of robbery that attached
+to both sides. The question of sequestration arose, and one of the
+hucksters, I do not remember which, but he was bald, and his forehead was
+covered with sebaceous wens, and he sometimes did odd jobs for the
+lawyers, seized the mantle and vowed that HE would see to it that it was
+produced at the proper time and place, but it was easily apparent that he
+desired nothing but that the garment should be deposited with thieves,
+and vanish; thinking that we would be afraid to appear as claimants for
+fear of being charged with crime. As far as we were concerned, we were
+as willing as he, and Fortune aided the cause of each of us, for the
+peasant, infuriated at our demand that his rags be shown in public, threw
+the tunic in Ascyltos' face, released us from responsibility, and
+demanded that the mantle, which was the only object of litigation, be
+sequestered. As we thought we had recovered our treasure, we returned
+hurriedly to the inn, and fastening the door, we had a good laugh at the
+shrewdness of the hucksters, and not less so at that of our enemies, for
+by it they had returned our money to us. (While we were unstitching the
+tunic to get at the gold pieces, we overheard some one quizzing the
+innkeeper as to what kind of people those were, who had just entered his
+house. Alarmed at this inquiry, I went down, when the questioner had
+gone, to find out what was the matter, and learned that the praetor's
+lictor, whose duty it was to see that the names of strangers were entered
+in his rolls, had seen two people come into the inn, whose names were not
+yet entered, and that was the reason he had made inquiry as to their
+names and means of support. Mine host furnished this information in such
+an offhand manner that I became suspicious as to our entire safety in his
+house; so, in order to avoid arrest, we decided to go out, and not to
+return home until after dark, and we sallied forth, leaving the
+management of dinner to Giton. As it suited our purpose to avoid the
+public streets, we strolled through the more unfrequented parts of the
+city, and just at dusk we met two women in stolas, in a lonely spot, and
+they were by no means homely. Walking softly, we followed them to a
+temple which they entered, and from which we could hear a curious
+humming, which resembled the sound of voices issuing from the depths of a
+cavern. Curiosity impelled us also to enter the temple. There we caught
+sight of many women, who resembled Bacchantes, each of whom brandished in
+her right hand an emblem of Priapus. We were not permitted to see more,
+for as their eyes fell upon us, they raised such a hubbub that the vault
+of the temple trembled. They attempted to lay hands upon us, but we ran
+back to our inn as fast as we could go.)
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p044"></a><img alt="p044.jpg (82K)" src="p044.jpg" height="831" width="573">
+</center>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SIXTEENTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>We had just disposed of the supper prepared by Giton, when there came a
+timid rapping at the door. We turned pale. "Who is there?" we asked.
+"Open and you will find out," came the answer. While we were speaking,
+the bar fell down of its own accord, the doors flew open and admitted our
+visitor. She was the selfsame young lady of the covered head who had but
+a little while before stood by the peasant's side. "So you thought,"
+said she, "that you could make a fool of me, did you? I am Quartilla's
+handmaid: Quartilla, whose rites you interrupted in the shrine. She has
+come to the inn, in person, and begs permission to speak with you. Don't
+be alarmed! She neither blames your mistake nor does she demand
+punishment; on the contrary, she wonders what god has brought such
+well-bred young gentlemen into her neighborhood!"
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE SEVENTEENTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>We were still holding our tongues and refraining from any expression of
+opinion, when the lady herself entered the room, attended by a little
+girl. Seating herself upon the bed, she wept for a long time. Not even
+then did we interject a single word, but waited, all attention, for what
+was to follow these well ordered tears and this show of grief. When the
+diplomatic thunderstorm had passed over, she withdrew her haughty head
+from her mantle and, ringing her hands until the joints cracked, "What is
+the meaning of such audacity?" she demanded; "where did you learn such
+tricks? They are worthy of putting to shame the assurance of all the
+robbers of the past! I pity you, so help me the God of Truth, I do; for
+no one can look with impunity upon that which it is unlawful for him to
+see. In our neighborhood, there are so many gods that it is easier to
+meet one than it is to find a man! But do not think that I was actuated
+by any desire for revenge when I came here: I am more moved by your age
+than I am by my own injury, for it is my belief that youthful imprudence
+led you into committing a sacrilegious crime. That very night, I tossed
+so violently in the throes of a dangerous chill that I was afraid I had
+contracted a tertian ague, and in my dreams I prayed for a medicine. I
+was ordered to seek you out, and to arrest the progress of the disease by
+means of an expedient to be suggested by your wonderful penetration! The
+cure does not matter so much, however, for a deeper grief gnaws at my
+vitals and drags me down, almost to the very doors of death itself. I am
+afraid that, with the careless impulsiveness of youth, you may divulge,
+to the common herd, what you witnessed in the shrine of Priapus, and
+reveal the rites of the gods to the rabble. On this account, I stretch
+out my suppliant hands to your knees, and beg and pray that you do not
+make a mockery and a joke of our nocturnal rites, nor lay bare the
+secrets of so many years, into which scarcely a thousand persons are
+initiated."
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center><a name="p046"></a><img alt="p046.jpg (62K)" src="p046.jpg" height="713" width="573">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE EIGHTEENTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>The tears poured forth again, after this appeal, and, shaken by deep
+sobs, she buried her whole face and breast in my bed; and I, moved by
+pity and by apprehension, begged her to be of good cheer and to make
+herself perfectly easy as to both of those issues, for not only would we
+not betray any secrets to the rabble, but we would also second divine
+providence, at any peril to ourselves, if any god had indicated to her
+any cure for her tertian ague. The woman cheered up at this promise, and
+smothered me with kisses; from tears she passed to laughter, and fell to
+running her fingers through the long hair that hung down about my ears.
+"I will declare a truce with you," she said, "and withdraw my complaint.
+But had you been unwilling to administer the medicine which I seek, I had
+a troop in readiness for the morrow, which would have exacted
+satisfaction for my injury and reparation for my dignity!
+
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<p> To be flouted is disgraceful, but to dictate terms, sublime
+
+<p> Pleased am I to choose what course I will,
+
+<p> Even sages will retort an insult at the proper tune.
+
+<p> Victor most is he who does not kill."
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+
+<p>Then she suddenly clapped her hands, and broke into such a peal of
+laughter that we were alarmed. The maid, who had been the first to
+arrive, did likewise, on one side of us, as also did the little girl who
+had entered with the madame herself.
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE NINETEENTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>The whole place was filled with mocking laughter, and we, who could see
+no reason for such a change of front, stared blankly at each other and
+then at the women. (Then Quartilla spoke up, finally,) "I gave orders
+that no mortal man should be admitted into this inn, this day, so that I
+could receive the treatment for my ague without interruption!" Ascyltos
+was, for the moment, struck dumb by this admission of Quartilla's, and I
+turned colder than a Gallic winter, and could not utter a word; but the
+personnel of the company relieved me from the fear that the worst might
+be yet to come, for they were only three young women, too weak to attempt
+any violence against us, who were of the male sex, at least, even if we
+had nothing else of the man about us, and this was an asset. Then, too,
+we were girded higher, and I had so arranged matters that if it came to a
+fight, I would engage Quartilla myself, Ascyltos the maid, and Giton the
+girl. (While I was turning over this plan in my mind, Quartilla came to
+close quarters, to receive the treatment for her ague, but having her
+hopes disappointed, she flounced out in a rage and, returning in a little
+while, she had us overpowered by some unknown vagabonds, and gave orders
+for us to be carried away to a splendid palace.) Then our determination
+gave place to astonishment, and death, sure and certain, began to obscure
+the eyes of suffering.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p048"></a><img alt="p048.jpg (52K)" src="p048.jpg" height="955" width="453">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTIETH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>"Pray; madame," I groaned, "if you have anything worse in store, bring it
+on quickly for we have not committed a crime so heinous as to merit death
+by torture." The maid, whose name was Psyche, quickly spread a blanket
+upon the floor (and) sought to secure an erection by fondling my member,
+which was already a thousand times colder than death. Ascyltos, well
+aware by now of the danger of dipping into the secrets of others, covered
+his head with his mantle. (In the meantime,) the maid took two ribbons
+from her bosom and bound our feet with one and our hands with the other.
+(Finding myself trussed up in this fashion, I remarked, "You will not be
+able to cure your mistress' ague in this manner!" "Granted," the maid
+replied, "but I have other and surer remedies at hand," she brought me a
+vessel full of satyrion, as she said this, and so cheerfully did she
+gossip about its virtues that I drank down nearly all of the liquor, and
+because Ascyltos had but a moment before rejected her advances, she
+sprinkled the dregs upon his back, without his knowing it.) When this
+repartee had drawn to a close, Ascyltos exclaimed, "Don't I deserve a
+drink?" Given away by my laughter, the maid clapped her hands and cried,
+"I put one by you, young man; did you drink so much all by yourself?"
+"What's that you say?", Quartilla chimed in. "Did Encolpius drink all
+the satyrion there was in the house?" And she laughed delightfully until
+her sides shook. Finally not even Giton himself could resist a smile,
+especially when the little girl caught him around the neck and showered
+innumerable kisses upon him, and lie not at all averse to it.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p050"></a><img alt="p050.jpg (69K)" src="p050.jpg" height="751" width="605">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FIRST.
+</h2><br>
+<p>We would have cried aloud in our misery but there was no one to give us
+any help, and whenever I attempted to shout, "Help! all honest
+citizens," Psyche would prick my cheeks with her hairpin, and the little
+girl would intimidate Ascyltos with a brush dipped in satyrion. Then a
+catamite appeared, clad in a myrtle-colored frieze robe, and girded round
+with a belt. One minute he nearly gored us to death with his writhing
+buttocks, and the next, he befouled us so with his stinking kisses that
+Quartilla, with her robe tucked high, held up her whalebone wand and
+ordered him to give the unhappy wretches quarter. Both of us then took a
+most solemn oath that so dread a secret should perish with us. Several
+wrestling instructors appeared and refreshed us, worn out as we were, by
+a massage with pure oil, and when our fatigue had abated, we again donned
+our dining clothes and were escorted to the next room, in which were
+placed three couches, and where all the essentials necessary to a
+splendid banquet were laid out in all their richness. We took our
+places, as requested, and began with a wonderful first course. We were
+all but submerged in Falernian wine. When several other courses had
+followed, and we were endeavoring to keep awake Quartilla exclaimed, "How
+dare you think of going to sleep when you know that the vigil of Priapus
+is to be kept?"
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><a name="p052"></a><img alt="p052.jpg (47K)" src="p052.jpg" height="599" width="659">
+</center>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-SECOND.
+</h2><br>
+<p>Worn out by all his troubles, Ascyltos commenced to nod, and the maid,
+whom he had slighted, and of course insulted, smeared lampblack all over
+his face, and painted his lips and shoulders with vermillion, while he
+drowsed. Completely exhausted by so many untoward adventures, I, too,
+was enjoying the shortest of naps, the whole household, within and
+without, was doing the same, some were lying here and there asleep at our
+feet, others leaned against the walls, and some even slept head to head
+upon the threshold itself; the lamps, failing because of a lack of oil,
+shed a feeble and flickering light, when two Syrians, bent upon stealing
+an amphora of wine, entered the dining-room. While they were greedily
+pawing among the silver, they pulled the amphora in two, upsetting the
+table with all the silver plate, and a cup, which had flown pretty high,
+cut the head of the maid, who was drowsing upon a couch. She screamed at
+that, thereby betraying the thieves and wakening some of the drunkards.
+The Syrians, who had come for plunder, seeing that they were about to be
+detected, were so quick to throw themselves down besides a couch and
+commence to snore as if they had been asleep for a long time, that you
+would have thought they belonged there. The butler had gotten up and
+poured oil in the flickering lamps by this time, and the boys, having
+rubbed their eyes open, had returned to their duty, when in came a female
+cymbal player and the crashing brass awoke everybody.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><a name="p054"></a><img alt="p054.jpg (93K)" src="p054.jpg" height="735" width="551">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-THIRD.
+</h2><br>
+<p>The banquet began all over again, and Quartilla challenged us to a
+drinking-bout, the crash of the cymbals lending ardor to her revel.
+A catamite appeared, the stalest of all mankind, well worthy of that
+house. Heaving a sigh, he wrung his hands until the joints cracked,
+and spouted out the following verses,
+
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<p>"Hither, hither quickly gather, pathic companions boon;
+<p>Artfully stretch forth your limbs and on with the dance and play!
+<p>Twinkling feet and supple thighs and agile buttocks in tune,
+<p>Hands well skilled in raising passions, Delian eunuchs gay!"
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+
+<p>When he had finished his poetry, he slobbered a most evil-smelling kiss
+upon me, and then, climbing upon my couch, he proceeded with all his
+might and main to pull all of my clothing off. I resisted to the limit
+of my strength. He manipulated my member for a long time, but all in
+vain. Gummy streams poured down his sweating forehead, and there was so
+much chalk in the wrinkles of his cheeks that you might have mistaken his
+face for a roofless wall, from which the plaster was crumbling in a rain.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p056"></a><img alt="p056.jpg (47K)" src="p056.jpg" height="745" width="533">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FOURTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>Driven to the last extremity, I could no longer keep back the tears.
+"Madame," I burst out, "is this the night-cap which you ordered served to
+me?" Clapping her hands softly she cried out, "Oh you witty rogue, you
+are a fountain of repartee, but you never knew before that a catamite was
+called a k-night-cap, now did you?" Then, fearing my companion would come
+off better than I, "Madame," I said, "I leave it to your sense of
+fairness: is Ascyltos to be the only one in this dining-room who keeps
+holiday?" "Fair enough," conceded Quartilla, "let Ascyltos have his
+k-night-cap too!" On hearing that, the catamite changed mounts, and,
+having bestridden my comrade, nearly drove him to distraction with his
+buttocks and his kisses. Giton was standing between us and splitting his
+sides with laughter when Quartilla noticed him, and actuated by the
+liveliest curiosity, she asked whose boy he was, and upon my answering
+that he was my "brother," "Why has he not kissed me then?" she
+demanded. Calling him to her, she pressed a kiss upon his mouth, then
+putting her hand beneath his robe, she took hold of his little member, as
+yet so undeveloped. "This," she remarked, "shall serve me very well
+tomorrow, as a whet to my appetite, but today I'll take no common fare
+after choice fish!"
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-FIFTH.
+</h2><br>
+<p>She was still talking when Psyche, who was giggling, came to her side and
+whispered something in her ear. What it was, I did not catch. "By all
+means," ejaculated Quartilla, "a brilliant idea! Why shouldn't our
+pretty little Pannychis lose her maidenhead when the opportunity is so
+favorable?" A little girl, pretty enough, too, was led in at once; she
+looked to be not over seven years of age, and she was the same one who
+had before accompanied Quartilla to our room. Amidst universal applause,
+and in response to the demands of all, they made ready to perform the
+nuptial rites. I was completely out of countenance, and insisted that
+such a modest boy as Giton was entirely unfitted for such a wanton part,
+and moreover, that the child was not of an age at which she could receive
+that which a woman must take. "Is that so," Quartilla scoffed, "is she
+any younger than I was, when I submitted to my first man? Juno, my
+patroness, curse me if I can remember the time when I ever was a virgin,
+for I diverted myself with others of my own age, as a child then as the
+years passed, I played with bigger boys, until at last I reached my
+present age. I suppose that this explains the origin of the proverb,
+'Who carried the calf may carry the bull,' as they say." As I feared
+that Giton might run greater risk if I were absent, I got up to take
+part in the ceremony.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p058"></a><img alt="p058.jpg (107K)" src="p058.jpg" height="939" width="653">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<h2>CHAPTER THE TWENTY-SIXTH.</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Psyche had already enveloped the child's head in the bridal-veil, the
+catamite, holding a torch, led the long procession of drunken women which
+followed; they were clapping their hands, having previously decked out
+the bridal-bed with a suggestive drapery. Quartilla, spurred on by the
+wantonness of the others, seized hold of Giton and drew him into the
+bridal-chamber. There was no doubt of the boy's perfect willingness to
+go, nor was the girl at all alarmed at the name of marriage. When they
+were finally in bed, and the door shut, we seated ourselves outside the
+door of the bridal-chamber, and Quartilla applied a curious eye to a
+chink, purposely made, watching their childish dalliance with lascivious
+attention. She then drew me gently over to her side that I might share
+the spectacle with her, and when we both attempted to peep our faces were
+pressed against each other; whenever she was not engrossed in the
+performance, she screwed up her lips to meet mine, and pecked at me
+continually with furtive kisses. [A thunderous hammering was heard at
+the door, while all this was going on, and everyone wondered what this
+unexpected interruption could mean, when we saw a soldier, one of the
+night-watch, enter with a drawn sword in his hand, and surrounded by a
+crowd of young rowdies. He glared about him with savage eyes and
+blustering mien, and, catching sight of Quartilla, presently, "What's up
+now, you shameless woman," he bawled; "what do you mean by making game of
+me with lying promises, and cheating me out of the night you promised me?
+But you won't get off unpunished You and that lover of yours are going to
+find out that I'm a man!" At the soldier's orders, his companion bound
+Quartilla and myself together, mouth to mouth, breast to breast, and
+thigh to thigh; and not without a great deal of laughter. Then the
+catamite, also at the soldier's order, began to beslaver me all over with
+the fetid kisses of his stinking mouth, a treatment I could neither fly
+from, nor in any other way avoid. Finally, he ravished me, and worked
+his entire pleasure upon me. In the meantime, the satyrion which I had
+drunk only a little while before spurred every nerve to lust and I began
+to gore Quartilla impetuously, and she, burning with the same passion,
+reciprocated in the game. The rowdies laughed themselves sick, so moved
+were they by that ludicrous scene, for here was I, mounted by the stalest
+of catamites, involuntarily and almost unconsciously responding with as
+rapid a cadence to him as Quartilla did in her wriggling under me. While
+this was going on, Pannychis, unaccustomed at her tender years to the
+pastime of Venus, raised an outcry and attracted the attention of the
+soldier, by this unexpected howl of consternation, for this slip of a
+girl was being ravished, and Giton the victor, had won a not bloodless
+victory. Aroused by what he saw, the soldier rushed upon them, seizing
+Pannychis, then Giton, then both of them together, in a crushing embrace.
+The virgin burst into tears and plead with him to remember her age, but
+her prayers availed her nothing, the soldier only being fired the more by
+her childish charms.
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><a name="p062"></a><img alt="p062.jpg (62K)" src="p062.jpg" height="987" width="433">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Pannychis covered her head at last, resolved to
+endure whatever the Fates had in store for her. At this instant, an old
+woman, the very same who had tricked me on that day when I was hunting
+for our lodging, came to the aid of Pannychis, as though she had dropped
+from the clouds. With loud cries, she rushed into the house, swearing
+that a gang of footpads was prowling about the neighborhood and the
+people invoked the help of "All honest men," in vain, for the members of
+the night-watch were either asleep or intent upon some carouse, as they
+were nowhere to be found. Greatly terrified at this, the soldier rushed
+headlong from Quartilla's house. His companions followed after him,
+freeing Pannychis from impending danger and relieving the rest of us from
+our fear.] (I was so weary of Quartilla's lechery that I began to
+meditate means of escape. I made my intentions known to Ascyltos, who,
+as he wished to rid himself of the importunities of Psyche, was
+delighted; had not Giton been shut up in the bridal-chamber, the plan
+would have presented no difficulties, but we wished to take him with us,
+and out of the way of the viciousness of these prostitutes. We were
+anxiously engaged in debating this very point, when Pannychis fell out of
+bed, and dragged Giton after her, by her own weight. He was not hurt,
+but the girl gave her head a slight bump, and raised such a clamor that
+Quartilla, in a terrible fright, rushed headlong into the room, giving us
+the opportunity of making off. We did not tarry, but flew back to our
+inn where,) throwing ourselves upon the bed, we passed the remainder of
+the night without fear. (Sallying forth next day, we came upon two of
+our kidnappers, one of whom Ascyltos savagely attacked the moment he set
+eyes upon him, and, after having thrashed and seriously wounded him,
+he ran to my aid against the other. He defended himself so stoutly,
+however, that he wounded us both, slightly, and escaped unscathed.) The
+third day had now dawned, the date set for the free dinner (at
+Trimalchio's,) but battered as we were, flight seemed more to our taste
+than quiet, so (we hastened to our inn and, as our wounds turned out to
+be trifling, we dressed them with vinegar and oil, and went to bed. The
+ruffian whom we had done for, was still lying upon the ground and we
+feared detection.) Affairs were at this pass, and we were framing
+melancholy excuses with which to evade the coming revel, when a slave of
+Agamemnon's burst in upon our trembling conclave and said, "Don't you
+know with whom your engagement is today? The exquisite Trimalchio, who
+keeps a clock and a liveried bugler in his dining-room, so that he can
+tell, instantly, how much of his life has run out!" Forgetting all our
+troubles at that, we dressed hurriedly and ordered Giton, who had very
+willingly performed his servile office, to follow us to the bath.
+
+<br><br>
+<hr>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+<br><br>
+
+
+<pre>
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SATYRICON OF PETRONIUS, V1 ***
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