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diff --git a/old/52653-0.txt b/old/52653-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e8c3fdd..0000000 --- a/old/52653-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4395 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial -Schools and Hospitals, by Florence Nightingale - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial Schools and Hospitals - -Author: Florence Nightingale - -Release Date: July 26, 2016 [EBook #52653] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SANITARY STATISTICS *** - - - - -Produced by MWS, RichardW, and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - - - - -SANITARY STATISTICS - -OF - -NATIVE COLONIAL SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS. - -BY - -FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. - - -LONDON. - -M.D.CCC.LXIII. - - - - -{3} - -SANITARY STATISTICS OF NATIVE COLONIAL SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS. - - -If it is said on reading this paper, There is nothing in it, I answer, -That is why I wrote it, because there is nothing in it, in order that -something might come out of nothing. It is to show that statistics, -capable of affording complete _practical_ results when wanted, have -scarcely made a beginning in the colonies. It is to show that when the -Colonial Office, with great labour and no little cost, has collected, -and I, with the same, have reduced these materials, they are incapable -of giving all the beneficial information expected. The material does -not exist, or, if it does, it is in a very _undeveloped_ state. Such -as it is, I have tried to do the best I could with it. And this is the -result. - -Several years ago, before Sir George Grey returned to his government -at the Cape, I had a conversation with him on a subject which had -dwelt very much on his mind, viz., the gradual disappearance of the -aboriginal races from the neighbourhood of civilized communities. One -of the points raised in the discussion was the probable effect which -European school usages and school education might exercise on the -health of the children of parents and of races who had never hitherto -been brought under education. - - -Colonial school returns. - -It appeared of great importance to ascertain, if possible, the precise -influence which school training exercised on the health of native -children. And I applied to the Colonial Office for aid in carrying -out such an inquiry. The Duke of Newcastle entered warmly into the -subject, and offered at once to call for any information which might -throw light on it. I had a simple school form prepared and printed, -copies of which were sent by the Colonial Office to the Governors of -the various colonies. Returns were made from a large number of schools, -but as no information has been received from many more, I presume the -school statistics did not afford the means of supplying the required -information. {4} - -I have received, through the Colonial Office, filled up returns from -143 schools, in Ceylon, Australia, Natal, West Coast of Africa, British -North America, the results of which are given in the accompanying -series of tables. - -[Sidenote: pp. 20 to 26.] - -Table A. gives the name and date of opening of each school, the numbers -of years included in the Return, the average number of native children, -their sexes and ages for quinquennial periods, together with the -mortality for the period included in the return. The results of this -table for all the colonial schools are given in the reduction Table A. -a., which states the total average attendance for all the schools in -each colony, together with the total deaths, arranged in quinquennial -periods, so far as it could be done. This table merely gives the -general numerical results; but as the periods vary considerably it has -been necessary to reduce the data under one common denomination, to -obtain the absolute annual rate of mortality. This has been done in the -Tables B, C, D, E, F, which show the years of life and the mortality -for each sex and age. - -[Sidenote: p. 26.] - -Table A. a. shows that the average attendance of all ages at these -schools has been 7,485 boys, and 2,453 girls, making a total of 9,938 -as the number of children on whom the rate of mortality has been -obtained. A small proportion of these children, only 672 boys and 422 -girls, were under 5 years of age. There were 3,546 (2,651 boys and 895 -girls) between the ages of 5 and 10. Between the ages of 10 and 15 -there were 3,268 children, viz., 2,288 boys, and 980 girls. At the age -of 15 and upwards there were 1,391 boys, and only 156 girls, attending -school. - -The total deaths, for the various periods, on this school attendance -were 451 boys and 132 girls, of all ages, besides 79 boys and 39 girls -who are returned as leaving school _annually_ to die at home. It is -important to remark that, out of a total average school attendance of -9,938, only 235 boys and 82 girls are stated to leave school annually -from ill-health. - -[Sidenote: pp. 27, 28.] - -The relative mortality of boys and girls attending these schools is -shown by Tables B. to F. - -The death rate, it will be observed, varies considerably in different -colonies. It is least among the native children at Natal, where a -little more than five males per 1,000 and three females per 1,000 die -annually. The Ceylon schools give a death rate of 14 1/2 per 1,000 per -{5} annum for boys and about 3 per 1,000 per annum for girls. But, -including deaths among children who leave school to die at home, this -rate would be nearly doubled. - -The Indian schools in Canada afford a total annual death rate of 12 1/2 -per 1,000 for both sexes; but the mortality of girls is nearly double -that of boys. - -The Sierra Leone schools afford a very high rate of mortality, viz., 20 -per 1,000 for males, and 35 per 1,000 for females. - -The Western Australian schools yield the highest death rate of any, -nearly 35 per 1,000 for boys and 13 per 1,000 for girls. - -These death rates are of course only approximations to the truth. But -on any supposition they are very high. - -It is important to compare these death rates with those of children of -the same ages at home. But we have only the means of doing so for 5 -years of age and onwards. The home rates are given in Table E., which -shows that from 5 to 10 the total mortality of both sexes is 9·2 per -1,000 at home. From 10 to 15 it is 5·3 per 1,000. Above 15 the home -mortality is 8·4 per 1,000. Making allowance for native children dying -at home, we shall be within the truth in assuming the mortality of -native children at school as double that of English children of the -same ages. - -[Sidenote: Table G, p. 29.] - -The next point of the inquiry is to ascertain the nature of the fatal -diseases. And here we find a remarkable difference in the returns from -different colonies. Thus out of 190 deaths in the Sierra Leone schools, -all except 8 are due to small pox, measles, and hooping cough, scarlet -fever, and other forms of fever. - -In the Ceylon schools these same diseases, with the addition of -diarrhœa, dysentery, and cholera, give rise to 261 deaths out of a -total mortality of 341. In contrast with this great prevalence of -miasmatic diseases, the West Australian schools yield only 2 deaths -from children’s epidemics, out of a total mortality of 9. - -In the Natal schools three children died of miasmatic diseases out of a -total mortality of 16, while in the Canadian schools there is only one -miasmatic death out of a total mortality of 27. - -The adult natives at many of the colonies are considered specially -subject to tubercular diseases, more particularly consumption. This -class of diseases is indeed supposed to be a main cause of the gradual -decline and disappearance of uncivilized or semi-civilized races. {6} - -The facts, as regards these colonial schools, are as follow:― - -Amongst the Sierra Leone children there is only one death from -consumption and one from scrofula reported out of a total of 190 -deaths. In the West Australian schools two of the nine deaths arose -from consumption. In the Natal schools there was one death from -consumption and one from scrofula out of 16 deaths. But there died -seven children of other chest diseases besides consumption. The Ceylon -schools yielded seven deaths from consumption, five from other chest -diseases, and one from scrofula, out of a total mortality of 341. - -[Sidenote: Table S, p. 47.] - -These figures, so far as they go, show comparatively little liability -to consumptive diseases among children in these colonies. But there is -a native training institution in South Australia, in which a very large -proportion of the mortality is due to tubercular diseases. Scrofula, -phthisis, and hæmoptysis are returned as having occasioned 69·6 per -cent. of the total mortality in the institution, among males, and 61·9 -per cent. among females. When we cross over to Canada we find that, out -of a total mortality of 27, 16 deaths arose from consumption and five -from scrofula. Indeed all the specified deaths arose from tubercular -disease except one solitary death from fever. - -I will next describe shortly the method of the school education, with -its probable influence on the children’s health. - -[Sidenote: pp. 30 to 39.] - -The facts under this head are given in the form of notes to each school -return. I have had them thrown together, for the sake of comparison, in -Table H., the general results of which are as follow. - -Many of the school houses are described in the returns as of bad -construction, and ill situated for health, and the ventilation very -insufficient. Some of them are unfavourably situated for free external -ventilation, or their local position is damp and subject to malaria, -the results of which, as well as the results of general defective -sanitary condition in their vicinity are evidenced by the great -prevalence of miasmatic diseases, such as fevers, diarrhœa, dysentery, -and even cholera, among the children. - -The period of tuition varies considerably, from two up to ten or more -years. The school instruction is generally five; in a few cases, six -days a week. At a few stations {7} nearly half the year is allowed for -holidays. But generally the holidays are from two to six or eight weeks. - -In most of the schools there seem to be no play hours on school days. -When play hours are allowed these are from half an hour to two hours. -At about a dozen schools only is there any out-door work combined with -instruction. The largest amount of this work is given in the Natal -and Canadian schools. Out of the whole number there are only nine -schools at which there is any attempt made at combining the elements of -physical education with the school instruction, and even where this is -done the measure is partial and inefficient, being confined to a few -exercises or simply to bathing. The obvious physiological necessity of -engrafting civilized habits on uncivilized races gradually through the -means of systematic physical training appears to be nowhere recognized, -except at New Norcia (Benedictine) school, Western Australia, -on the return from which there is the following very important -statement:―Gymnastics are stated to be necessary to prevent sickness, -and the reporter proceeds, “The idea of bringing savages from their -wild state at once to an advanced civilization serves no other purpose -than that of murdering them.” And the result of the out-door training -practised at this school is said to have been hitherto successful “in -preventing the destructive effects of this error.” - -[Sidenote: Appendix II. p. 62.] - -Confinement appears to be peculiarly injurious to the aborigines of -South Australia, for the Governor states that he “almost always finds -it necessary to release prisoners before the expiration of their -sentences, as death is apt to ensue from any prolonged confinement.” -Even partial confinement in schools, he thinks, injuriously affects the -native constitution. - -Another very important observation bearing on the necessity of careful -consideration of habits is recorded on the return from one of the Natal -schools. It might be supposed that one of the most obvious duties -in bringing native children to school would be to clothe them, but -nevertheless clothing an uncivilized child requires care.† In their -natural state they expose themselves to torrents of rain which, runs -off them, and they are easily warmed {8} and dried at the hut fire. -But it is stated that, when clothed in flannel and jersey, they get -chilled by the rain, and that pulmonary diseases ensue as a consequence. - - † People have been asked to assist in making - clothing for the Kaffir - tribes whom missionaries were going out to address, - that the feeling of decency might not be offended in - addressing the naked. - -The method of conducting colonial schools appears to be based on our -home system, without reference to physical training or other local -conditions affecting health. This fact, together with the high rate of -mortality, is the most prominent result of our inquiry. And although -there is not sufficient evidence to show to what extent the school -education increases the mortality, there is strong reason to believe -that it is a cause. By far the greater part of the mortality is the -direct result of mitigable or preventible diseases. - -In all the schools within or near the tropics the miasmatic class of -diseases occasions most of the mortality at the earlier periods of -life. A considerable proportion arises from small-pox, showing bad -management of children, and that vaccination is either neglected or -imperfectly performed. The other fatal diseases are mainly those which -in this country are connected with bad drainage, deficient and bad -water supply, overcrowding, and want of sufficient house accommodation -and cleanliness. In the Canadian schools consumption and scrofula -appear to occupy the place of miasmatic diseases. But there is nothing -in the school education, as described in the returns, sufficient to -account for their special prevalence in these schools. The causes must -probably be looked for in the close foul atmosphere of the native -dwellings in a climate where warmth is more likely to be sought by -closing every opening capable of admitting fresh air than would be the -case in warmer latitudes, together with exposure and other conditions -depressing to the general health. - -Although these returns show the necessity of making systematic physical -training and bodily labour at useful occupations an element absolutely -essential and never to be neglected in the training of uncivilized and -half civilized children in civilized habits and trains of thought, -there is nothing to show that education properly conducted tends to the -destruction and disappearance of native tribes. - -The general result may be summed up in the following words: “Educate -by all means, but look carefully at the problem with which you have -to deal, and above all things never forget that education everywhere, -but more {9} especially with uncivilized tribes, must always include -physical training and useful work.” - - * * * * * - - -Colonial hospital returns. - -Besides this statistical inquiry into the condition of schools, I had -forms prepared for colonial hospitals into which natives are received -for treatment, in order to compare the school diseases with those -prevailing among the adult population. They were sent to the colonies, -also by the great kindness of the Duke of Newcastle. And returns have -been received from the following hospitals:―Free Town, Sierra Leone, -Cape Coast, Natal, Mauritius, Colombo and Malabar, King William’s Town, -Kaffraria, and from two native hospitals in Canada. - -[Sidenote: pp. 40 to 53.] - -These returns were applied for as affording the only means of arriving -at a knowledge of the prevailing classes of diseases among natives and -of the relative mortality from each class. Abstracts of the returns, -showing the mortality on the admissions for different sexes and ages, -and the relative per-centages of mortality from each disease, are -appended. (Forms I. to Y.) Of course the results can be relied on -only so far as they represent the proportions admitted and dead from -each disease, taken on numbers often hardly sufficiently large for -statistical purposes. On account of the smallness of these numbers, I -consider the results as only approximations, which I give because there -is nothing better to be had. The tables do not enable us to ascertain -directly the state of health or rate of mortality of the native -population; but they afford us in an indirect manner a considerable -amount of important information as to the diseases from which natives -suffer. The hospital statistics appear to be very much in the same -unsatisfactory condition as they are in many of our home hospitals. -With these reservations the mortality statistics of these hospitals -show a very high death rate upon the numbers treated. - -[Sidenote: Table L, p. 41.] - -Thus, in Free Town Hospital, the mortality to admissions among males -is upwards of 20 per cent., and among females 18·6 per cent. of the -admissions.† - - † The admissions are obtained by adding the - deaths to the recoveries, in the absence of more definite - information. - -[Sidenote: Table T, p. 48.] - -At the Civil Hospital, Port Louis, Mauritius, the mortality is 21·3 per -cent. for males, and 38·8 per cent. for females. {10} - -[Sidenote: Table V, p. 50.] - -In the Ceylon hospitals it is 20·7 per cent. for males, and 18·1 per -cent. for females. - -[Sidenote: Table P, p. 44.] - -At Natal the mortality is much lower, being 12·8 per cent. for males -and 6·6 per cent. for females. - -[Sidenote: Table N, p. 43.] - -In Kaffraria the mortality for males and females is 21·8 per cent. - -[Sidenote: Table X, p. 52.] - -In the Canadian hospitals it is 12·3 per cent. for males and 14 per -cent. for females. - -These high death rates can be attributed only to one or more of -the following causes:―Defective stamina in the population, delay -in applying for medical relief, bad and insufficient hospital -accommodation, or defective medical treatment and management of the -sick. The exact influence of each of these elements could hardly be -appreciated without local inquiry. But the tables enable us to obtain -some insight into the matter. - -[Sidenote: Table M, p. 42.] - -We find, _e. g._, that in the tropical districts the miasmatic class -of diseases occasions a large proportion of the mortality, _e. g._, -at Sierra Leone 20·4 per cent. of the total mortality among males and -6·8 per cent. of that among females is due to small-pox; that 34 per -cent. of the mortality among females is due to dysentery; and that 19 -per cent. of the mortality among males is due to periodic fevers. The -mortality from miasmatic disease in this hospital is no less than 43·9 -per cent. of the total mortality among men, and 43·1 per cent. of the -total mortality among women. - -[Sidenote: Table K, p. 40.] - -At Cape Coast Hospital the admissions from miasmatic diseases, at -least those recorded, amounted only to 9 1/2 per cent. of the total -admissions, and no deaths are attributed to this class of diseases. -This is quite sufficient to show the imperfection of the hospital -records at this station. - -[Sidenote: Table U, p. 49.] - -At Port Louis Hospital, Mauritius, the miasmatic deaths from dysentery, -diarrhœa, cholera, continued fevers, and rheumatism amounted to 54·9 -per cent. of the total mortality for men, and 47·9 per cent. of the -total female mortality. - -[Sidenote: Table W, p. 51.] - -Dysentery appears to be particularly severe and fatal amongst the -natives in Ceylon, for the returns show that 43·6 per cent. of the -men’s mortality and 30·1 per cent. of the women’s were due to this one -disease. The miasmatic class generally gave rise in these hospitals to -64·3 per cent. of the total deaths of men, and 60·1 per cent. of those -of women. {11} - -[Sidenote: Table Q, p. 45.] - -In D’Urban Hospital and Grey’s Hospital, Natal, 41·1 per cent. of -the men’s mortality arose from continued fever, and 6 per cent. from -dysentery. This latter disease occasioned all the deaths in hospital -among women. These two diseases are the only ones of the miasmatic -class which proved fatal. - -[Sidenote: Table O, p. 43.] - -Miasmatic diseases appear to be rare among the native patients at King -William’s Town, Kaffraria. Only one of them, dysentery, produced a -fatal result, and it gave rise to no more than 6 per cent. of the total -deaths of men and women conjointly. - -[Sidenote: Table Y, p. 53.] - -The same diseases appear to be rare also in the Canadian hospitals, -where they occasioned 12·3 per cent. of the men’s mortality and 17·3 -per cent. of the women’s. The prevailing types were diarrhœa, periodic -fevers, and rheumatism. - -[Sidenote: Table M.] - -If we take the other points of comparison, supplied by tubercular -diseases, we find a remarkable difference in the proportion of -mortality in different colonies. Thus, the death rate from scrofula, -phthisis, and hæmoptysis, at Free Town, Sierra Leone, amounts to 3·2 -per cent. of the total deaths from all causes among men, and 2·3 per -cent. among women. In this hospital other chest diseases give rise to a -mortality of 2·4 per cent. for men. - -[Sidenote: Table K.] - -At Cape Coast Hospital no deaths are registered from any class of -tubercular or chest affections. - -[Sidenote: Table Q.] - -At D’Urban Hospital and Grey’s Hospital, Natal, there was a similar -absence of mortality from these diseases. - -[Sidenote: Table W, p. 51.] - -The Ceylon hospitals afforded also only a small mortality, 0·7 per -cent. for men, and 1·1 per cent. for women. There was, however, a -mortality of 1·3 per cent. for other chest diseases, among men, and -1·7 per cent. among women. In striking contrast with this comparative -exemption from a class of diseases to which the disappearance of the -native races has been to a large extent attributed, we find a very -considerable increase in the other hospitals. - -[Sidenote: Table U.] - -At Mauritius the mortality from scrofula, phthisis, and hæmoptysis, was -8·7 per cent. of the total mortality among men, and 3·7 per cent. among -women. Other chest diseases furnish a mortality of 3·6 and 1·8 per -cent. among men and women respectively. - -[Sidenote: Table O.] - -At King William’s Town Hospital, Kaffraria, the mortality from -tubercular diseases, for men and women {12} conjointly, was no less -than 70·6 per cent. of the total deaths, and from chest diseases 11·7 -per cent. - -[Sidenote: Table Y.] - -Both classes of disease afford a high death rate in the Canadian -hospitals. For the tubercular forms this amounts to 44·9 per cent. for -men, and 41·3 per cent. for women. The other chest diseases give rise -to 30·6 per cent. of the total hospital mortality for men, and 24·4 per -cent. for women. Three-fourths of the whole hospital mortality among -men, and two-thirds among women, were thus due to some form or other of -chest disease. - -Much has been said and written on the pernicious effects of the use -of intoxicating liquors by uncivilized races. Diseases of the brain -and nervous system, and liver diseases, are those which, at home, -are generally supposed to indicate the greater or less prevalence -of habits of intoxication among the people. Let us inquire to what -extent admissions and deaths from these classes prevail in the various -colonies. - -[Sidenote: Table M.] - -At Sierra Leone brain and nervous diseases occasion 5·7 per cent. of -the total admissions, and 12·7 per cent. of the total deaths among -men, and 9·2 per cent. of the admissions, with 21·6 per cent. of the -deaths, among women. Liver diseases afford only 0·1 per cent. of the -admissions, and no deaths. - -[Sidenote: Table K.] - -Cape Coast Hospital affords an extraordinary contrast to this, for -there we find that, although brain and nervous diseases and liver -diseases occasion no more than 4·8 per cent., and 2·4 per cent., -respectively, of the admissions, all the deaths arose from them. - -[Sidenote: Table Q.] - -The Natal hospitals show a proportion of admissions from brain and -nervous diseases, of 5·7 per cent. of men, and 8·3 per cent. of women. -But no deaths and no admissions from liver disease. - -[Sidenote: Table O.] - -The King William’s Town Hospitals, Kaffraria, show no admissions from -either class. - -[Sidenote: Table U.] - -At Mauritius the admissions from brain and nervous diseases were 3·5 -per cent. for men, and 2·7 per cent. for women, and the deaths 6·1 per -cent. for men, and 1·9 per cent. for women. Liver disease is so rare as -to be scarcely appreciable. - -[Sidenote: Table W.] - -A similar remark applies to the infrequency of liver disease in the -Ceylon hospitals. In these hospitals, the admissions from brain and -nervous diseases are 1·6 per cent. for men, and 3·2 per cent. for -women. And the deaths 1·5 per cent. and 3·1 per cent. respectively. -{13} - -[Sidenote: Table Y.] - -No liver diseases were admitted into the Canadian hospitals. And the -brain and nervous diseases afforded 6·5 per cent. admissions, and 2 per -cent. deaths for men, with 5·2 per cent. admissions and no deaths for -women. - - * * * * * - - -Results. - -These are the statistical results of this inquiry. To the extent to -which the data are imperfect, the results are of course unreliable. The -numbers are often much smaller than are required for such purposes. I -have used them because the best obtainable, even with the assistance -of the colonial governments; and the first lesson they teach is -the necessity for assimilating the colonial registration and vital -statistics to those at home. But, with all their defects, when these -statistics are examined, they bring clearly into light certain great -general facts. - -As regards the schools, they show us that the educational idea in the -colonies is just as deficient as it is at home, and that it is attended -with worse physical consequences. - -No account appears to be taken of the past history of the races on -whom it is desired to confer the inestimable blessings of Christian -civilization. Our teachers go among them just as they would into -English villages. They collect the children who, together with their -ancestors, have spent most of their existence in active out-door -habits, into all classes of structures, good, bad, and indifferent, -apparently without regard to the effect of local conditions on their -health. In all probability the children are set together as close -as they are placed in one of our Home “Model Schools,” without any -reference to children’s epidemics or other fevers. This is not done -without great risk, even with children of English birth. But to do -this with children taken from their open air habits in uncivilized or -semi-civilized communities is to incur the immediate danger of losing -the most hopeful pupils by diseases, which, under a more rational -system, might in all probability be avoided. - -The education appears to be confined simply to head-work, and no -provision is made for sustaining the health by physical training, while -it is in danger of exhaustion by a cerebral stimulus, perhaps applied -for the first time in the history of the family from which the child -has sprung. It is true that cerebral disease forms only a small part -of the school mortality; but the diseases from which the mortality -proceeds in the tropical schools are {14} the result of overcrowding, -defective ventilation, and other local sanitary evils, all of which are -augmented by sedentary occupation. - -The remedy for this is obviously to improve the school-houses, to give -more attention to space, to ventilation, and to the locality where the -school is placed, and above all to make physical training an essential -and important part of the school system, never forgetting that the -habits of generations cannot be suddenly broken through without danger -to health and life. - -In as far as concerns the effect of the schools on the disappearance of -native races, the returns contain no appreciable evidence. Education, -if properly conducted, together with the improved personal, physical, -and moral habits consequent on it, ought everywhere to be conservative -and not destructive; but to be so it should be conducted, as already -stated, with a full knowledge of the physiological effects of altered -habits and the influence of these on health. - -The hospital returns, so far as they can be relied on, show in the -tropical colonies a large mortality from diseases arising from bad -drainage, bad water, imperfect agriculture, want of cleanliness, and -from other bad habits. Bad, overcrowded, unventilated dwellings must -also in these colonies, as at home, bear their proportion of the -blame. Thus mortality arising from mitigable or preventible causes of -an external nature occasions in all the colonies by far the greatest -part of the death rate in hospitals. Incivilization with its inherent -diseases, when brought into contact with civilization without adopting -specific precautions for preserving health, will always carry with it a -large increase of mortality on account of the greater susceptibility of -its subjects to those causes of disease which can to a certain extent -be endured without as great a risk by civilized communities born among -them. - -The hospital returns throw little light on the causes of the -disappearance of native races, unless these are to be found in the -great prevalence of tubercular and chest diseases in certain of -the colonies. This is especially remarkable in the returns from -Australia, Kaffraria, and Canada. But why this class of affections -should be so much more prevalent in the temperate than in the tropical -colonies could only be ascertained by careful local inquiry. One -thing is certain that, in those colonies from which complaints of the -disappearance of native races have come, {15} tubercular and chest -diseases appear to occasion the largest amount of hospital mortality. - -The discovery of the causes of this must be referred back to the -colonies. Anything which exhausts the constitution; above all -things, foul air during sleep, will engender these diseases. Open -locality, healthy winds, active daily occupation, are by themselves no -safeguards, if the nights be spent in unventilated cabins. The Alpine -climates of Europe are known to be the most free of any climates from -this tribe of diseases. But even on their healthy mountain slopes -scrofula in all its forms prevails among the peasants, engaged during -summer on the high pastures, when they pass their nights in the close -unhealthy chalets there. - -It is possible that a tubercular taint so engendered may be the cause -of the whole evil, and it is to this point that the inquiry has brought -us. - - * * * * * - -Appended to the school and hospital returns from each colony, there -are very interesting notes, giving generally the impression of the -reporters on the nature and causes of disease among the aboriginal -population. These notes, the chief portions of which I have appended, -confirm the statistical evidence; but they afford little additional -light on the causation. - -The decaying races are chiefly in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, -and perhaps in certain parts of South Africa. They appear to consist -chiefly of tribes which have never been civilized enough or had force -of character enough to form fixed settlements or to build towns. Such -tribes have few fixed habits or none. But the papers show that they are -naturally, in their uncivilized condition, possessed of far stronger -stamina, and that they resist the effects of frightful wounds and -injuries far better than civilized men. This latter fact tells strongly -against any natural proclivity to diseased action. But we nevertheless -see that when they come in contact with civilized men, and are, as -a necessary consequence, obliged to conform themselves to a certain -extent to the vices and customs of their _civilized_ (_!_) neighbours, -they perish from disease. - -[Sidenote: Appendix II., pp. 62–3.] - -The evidence contained in these notes unfortunately proves that the -pioneers of British civilization are not always the best of the -British people. Many of them, it is to be feared, leave their own -country, stained with vice and vicious habits, ready for any act of -oppression, ready {16} to take any advantage of the simplicity of the -poor aborigines. Such people have introduced everywhere the use of -intoxicating drinks, together with the diseases as well as the vices of -their own depraved standard of civilization. Where the races are found -most rapidly decaying, there the married women are found living in a -state of prostitution and exposed to its diseases. And we know where -such is the case, decline and extinction are inevitable. - -This appears to be a main cause of the falling off in births; while the -other evil habits introduced by Europeans destroy the stamina of the -adult population and raise its rate of mortality. With the facts before -us, imperfect as they are, we need feel no surprise at the gradual -extinction of these unhappy races. But we should draw from them an -argument for doing all that can be done to lessen these evils, and to -remove, as far as practicable, any causes of disease and death which it -may be in our power to remove. - -Complaint of such things, in some form or other, runs through the whole -of the evidence regarding these aboriginal populations, who appear to -be far more susceptible of the operation of causes of disease arising -out of imperfect civilization, than are civilized† men; how much more -so must they be to such dreadful causes as those indicated above! - - † Meaning by “civilized,” men who can live together in a city or - village without cutting each other’s throats. - -There is a strong presumption that, if aboriginal races are left -undisturbed in their own country to follow their own customs and even -their own vices, they will continue to exist as they have hitherto -done, in a slowly increasing or stationary condition. But there is no -reason to doubt the evidence contained in these papers that certain -races require very little disturbance in their primeval habits to pass -into a state of decline. - -The great question at issue is, how this is to be arrested. - -The facts appear to point to such remedial measures as the following:― - -1. That provision of land should be made for the exclusive use of -the existing tribes; but this, by itself, would be simply preserving -their barbarism for the sake of preserving their lives. And the -question naturally occurs whether Moravian settlements or settlements -conducted on entirely similar principles, under whatever Christian {17} -denomination, might not be introduced for the purpose of wisely and -gradually winning the people to higher and better habits. - -2. A good government which really understood its responsibilities would -put down with any force requisite that most accursed of all British -habits, the sale of intoxicating drinks to those who never knew them -before. On the heads of these traffickers rests the blood of thousands -of their fellow men. - -3. Although a large proportion of children have died while under -school instruction, there is no proof that education, if properly -conducted, tends to extinguish races. And it _is_ possible that by -educating outcast native children, these tribes, with whatever mental -constitution endowed, may be spared to contribute their quota to human -knowledge and advancement. - -4. The school diseases, however, indicate that education should be -conducted in a very different manner from what it is in England. -Physiology would teach us that it is not safe to take the child of -uncivilized parents, and to submit it all at once to the restraints of -civilization. What is wanted is a careful study of what can and what -cannot be done with safety. Time would seem to be a great element in -the education of these children. There should be as little interference -as possible with their born habits and customs. And that interference -should take place gradually and wisely. The probability is that if -children could leave school in health, with sufficient training to -enable them to enter the pale of civilization, their children would be -the more able to bear the required development of the mental faculties. -In any case, physical training, and a large amount of out-door work, -are essentially necessary to success. - -5. We all know how difficult it is to preserve health among dense -populations in our houses at home. We may hence infer how much more -difficult it is to draw together numbers of uncivilized or partially -civilized people, within the same boundary, or under the same roof, -without great risk to health and life. Bring a healthy family from the -open country into a narrow crowded London alley, and the little ones -will die, the elder ones will be sick for, perhaps, the first time of -their lives, and the parents will fall into confirmed ill health, to -say the least of it. - -Our home experience hence teaches us the extreme importance of -favourable sanitary conditions, whenever an {18} attempt is made to -bring the uncivilized within the pale of civilization. - -Every society which has been formed has had to sacrifice large -proportions of its earlier generations to the new conditions of life -arising out of the mere fact of change. Only by the greatest care and -by the adoption of every requisite improvement can London itself bear -the rapid increase of its population without danger from pestilence. - -This destroying principle is now at work in the colonies where races -are decaying. And its results can only be diminished by assimilating -the new conditions, involved in the change, as nearly as possible, so -far as healthiness is concerned, to the open air activity to which the -people have been for generations accustomed. - -These are the results of this inquiry. Defective in many particulars -though they be, they are still sufficient to prove that, on the local -authorities of the colonies, there rests a responsibility in the -face of public opinion in Europe, of the very gravest kind. It is a -matter for state interference. It is impossible to stand by, while -races are disappearing, of whom it can be said that the “Australian is -the finest model of the human proportions in muscular development,” -that his “head might compare with an antique bust of a philosopher,” -that his “perceptive faculties are peculiarly acute,” that he is an -“apt learner,” and “possesses the most intense desire to imitate his -more civilized brethren in almost every thing;” that the Australian -aborigines are “possessed of mental power on a par with their brethren -of the other races of man; that they are perhaps superior to the Negro -and some of the more inferior divisions of the great human family;” -that they have “keen perceptive faculties, with a considerable -deficiency in their reflective faculties, and a certain want of -steadiness of purpose in their characters which appears the great -obstacle to be overcome in reclaiming them and bringing them within the -pale of civilization and Christianity.” - -These statements are from a report on the subject, made by a select -committee of the Legislative Council of Victoria in 1858–9. In this -report occurs the following passage, with which I conclude on account -of its authority, appealing from its facts to the better feeling of the -colonies, with the hope that the time is not far off when such a stigma -as it affixes to the empire may be wiped away. - - “The great and almost unprecedented reduction in the {19} number - of the Aborigines is to be attributed to the general occupation of - the country by the white population; to vices acquired by contact - with a civilized race, more particularly the indulgence in ardent - spirits; and hunger, in consequence of the scarcity of game since the - settlement of the colony; and, also in some cases, to cruelty and - ill-treatment. The great cause, however, is apparently the inveterate - propensity of the race to excessive indulgence in spirits, which it - seems utterly impossible to eradicate. This vice is not only fatal, - but leads to other causes which tend to shorten life. - - “Mr. Thomas, the guardian of Aborigines, states in evidence, that - one morning he found five drunken blacks lying buried in the mud at - the Merri Creek, which being followed by pulmonary attack, death, as - is invariably the case, ensued. It may be remarked, that consumption - forms a fruitful cause of mortality amongst them, in addition to the - other causes enumerated. - - “It would appear that they have materially degenerated since the - advent of the whites, as Mr. Thomas has said ‘the young die two to - one in proportion to the old; I have some old people yet.’ The rapid - settlement necessary upon the country being occupied by flocks and - herds was more unfavourable to the Aborigines than if it had only been - gradually taken up for agricultural purposes. - - “Your Committee are of opinion that great injustice has been - perpetrated upon the Aborigines—that, when the Government of the - colony found it necessary to take from them their hunting grounds and - their means of living, proper provision should have been made for - them. Had they been a strong race, like the New Zealanders, they would - have forced the new occupiers of their country to provide for them; - but being weak and ignorant, even for savages, they have been treated - with almost utter neglect. - - “With the exception of the Protectorate, which was an emanation of - the Imperial Government, and which seemed to have been only partially - successful, little or nothing has been done for the black denizens of - the country.” - -Every colony where the native races are declining could furnish some -such report as this. The injustice has been a common one, and so should -be the remedy. {20} - - - - -APPENDIX I. - -TABLES showing the MORTALITY and CAUSES of MORTALITY among ABORIGINES -in COLONIAL SCHOOLS and COLONIAL HOSPITALS. - - -TABLE A.―ATTENDANCE and MORTALITY at COLONIAL NATIVE SCHOOLS. - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table A1, SIERRA LEONE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, and NATAL. Part 1. │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ ││ │ │ Average Number of Native Children, with Sexes │ - │ ││ │ │ and Ages, attending during these Years. │ - │ ││ │ +───────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+────────────────+ - │ Name of Colony ││ Date │ Years │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ and School. ││ of │ included │ Under │ 5 to │ 10 to │ 15 Years │ │ - │ ││ Opening. │ in the │ 5 │ 10 │ 15 │ and │ All Ages. │ - │ ││ │ Return. │ Years. │ Years. │ Years. │ upwards. │ │ - │ ││ │ +─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │ ││ │ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │SIERRA LEONE. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ C. M. Jubilee ││ 1845 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 100 │ — │ - │ Kessy ││ 1842 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 52 │ 40 │ 4 │ 4 │ 24 │ 8 │ — │ — │ 80 │ 52 │ - │ Campbell Town ││ 1848 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 20 │ 15 │ 18 │ 16 │ 11 │ 12 │ — │ — │ 49 │ 43 │ - │ Government ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 31 │ 41 │ 115 │ 32 │ 59 │ — │ 205 │ 73 │ - │ Bananas ││ 1847 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 26 │ 18 │ 14 │ 12 │ 11 │ 10 │ — │ — │ 51 │ 40 │ - │ Christ Church ││ 1847 │ — │ 90 │ 30 │ 28 │ 4 │ 40 │ 8 │ 8 │ — │ 166 │ 42 │ - │ Buxton ││ 1837 │ 1858 to 1860 │ 48 │ 46 │ 20 │ 25 │ 39 │ 48 │ 11 │ 6 │ 118 │ 125 │ - │ Gibraltar ││ 1841 │ 1858 to 1860 │ 29 │ 25 │ 54 │ 64 │ 50 │ 20 │ 5 │ 6 │ 138 │ 115 │ - │ Jehovah Shalom ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 38 │ 36 │ 46 │ 26 │ 31 │ 18 │ — │ — │ 115 │ 80 │ - │ York ││ 1858 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 28 │ 22 │ 14 │ 10 │ 16 │ 12 │ — │ — │ 58 │ 44 │ - │ Zion ││ 1840 │ 1858 to 1860 │ 31 │ 29 │ 20 │ 14 │ 26 │ 39 │ 14 │ 12 │ 91 │ 94 │ - │ Tabernacle ││ 1849 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 22 │ 20 │ 26 │ 22 │ 24 │ 19 │ — │ — │ 72 │ 61 │ - │ Liberated African ││ 1855 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 383 │ — │ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │ Total │ 418 │ 322 │ 320 │ 260 │ 421 │ 230 │ 105 │ 24 │ 1,747† │ 836 │ - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │WESTERN AUSTRALIA. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Annesfield ││ 1852 │ 1852 to 1860 │ 9 │ 8 │ — │ 7 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 9 │ 15 │ - │ New Norcia ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1860 │ 3 │ — │ 10 │ — │ 15 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 35 │ — │ - │ Sisters of Mercy ││ 1847 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 7 │ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │ Total │ 12 │ 8 │ 10 │ 7 │ 15 │ 5 │ 7 │ 2 │ 44 │ 22 │ - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │{21} NATAL. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Day and Industrial, ││ 1858 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 14 │ 8 │ 6 │ 5 │ 3 │ 2 │ 23 │ 15 │ - │ Edendale ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ New Germany ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1859 │ 2 │ 2 │ 6 │ 6 │ — │ — │ 18 │ 12 │ 26 │ 20 │ - │ St. Michael’s ││ 1856 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 1 │ 4 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 4 │ 1 │ 11 │ - │ Ekukanyeni ││ 1856 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 17 │ 5 │ 20 │ 5 │ 6 │ — │ 43 │ 10 │ - │ Ifumi Station, S. ││ 1856 │ 1856 to 1860 │ 4 │ 3 │ 8 │ 5 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 12 │ 8 │ - │ Spring Vale ││ 1858 │ 1858 to 1860 │ 3 │ — │ 6 │ 5 │ 5 │ — │ — │ — │ 14 │ 5 │ - │ Umvoti ││ 1845 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 100 │ 106 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 100 │ 106 │ - │ Kwangubeni ││ 1849 │ 1855 to 1860 │ 5 │ 10 │ 10 │ 10 │ 10 │ 25 │ — │ 5 │ 25 │ 50 │ - │ Verulara (Wesleyan) ││ 1850 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 15 │ 17 │ 8 │ 7 │ — │ — │ 23 │ 24 │ - │ Indaleni ││ 1848 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 8 │ 7 │ 8 │ 10 │ 9 │ 6 │ 2 │ 2 │ 27 │ 25 │ - │ Pietermaritzburg ││ 1848 │ 1855 to 1860 │ 15 │ 25 │ 75 │ 125 │ 30 │ 52 │ 23 │ 30 │ 143 │ 232 │ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │ Total │ 37 │ 47 │ 260 │ 301 │ 88 │ 103 │ 52 │ 55 │ 437 │ 506 │ - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - - † Includes 483 children whose ages are not distinguished. - - +───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table A1, SIERRA LEONE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, and NATAL. Part 2. │ - +───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +──────────────────────────++────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+────────────+────────────+────────+ - │ ││ Mortality during same Period. │ Average │ Average │ │ - │ ││ │ Number of │ Number of │ │ - │ │+───────────+───────────+───────────+───────────+────────────+ Children │ Children │ │ - │ Name of Colony ││ │ │ │ │ │ leaving │ who leave │No. of │ - │ and School. ││ Under │ 5 to │ 10 to │ 15 Years │ │ School │ School to │ Years │ - │ ││ 5 │ 10 │ 15 │ and │ All │ every Year │ die at │ in │ - │ ││ Years. │ Years. │ Years. │ upwards. │ Ages. │ from │ Home │Return. │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ ill-health.│ every year.│ │ - │ │+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+ │ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ │ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │SIERRA LEONE. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ C. M. Jubilee ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Kessy ││ 3 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 4 │ 2 │ 7 │ 7 │ 2 │ 1 │ 1 │ - │ Campbell Town ││ 8 │ 9 │ 5 │ 3 │ 2 │ 2 │ — │ — │ 15 │ 14 │ 4 │ 3 │ 1 │ 2 │ 1 3/4 │ - │ Government ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Bananas ││ 5 │ 5 │ 3 │ 5 │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 9 │ 11 │ 2 │ 1 │ 1 │ 3 │ 1 3/4 │ - │ Christ Church ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 6 │ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │ — │ - │ Buxton ││ 3 │ 6 │ 2 │ 3 │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 7 │ 9 │ 7 │ 2 │ 5 │ 6 │ 2 │ - │ Gibraltar ││ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ - │ Jehovah Shalom ││ 6 │ 6 │ 2 │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 8 │ 8 │ 2 │ 3 │ 1 │ 2 │ 1 3/4 │ - │ York ││ 4 │ 6 │ 2 │ 4 │ 2 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 8 │ 11 │ 2 │ 2 │ 3 │ 1 │ 1 1/2 │ - │ Zion ││ 2 │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ 1 │ 6 │ 3 │ 3 │ 2 │ 2 │ - │ Tabernacle ││ 9 │ 4 │ 3 │ 2 │ 5 │ 5 │ 2 │ 1 │ 3 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 3 │ 1 │ 2 │ - │ Liberated African ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 40 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │ Total │ 41 │ 37 │ 19 │ 20 │ 18 │ 10 │ 2 │ 1 │ 122 │ 68 │ 39 │ 29 │ 23 │ 20 │ — │ - +───────────────────────────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │WESTERN AUSTRALIA. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Annesfield ││ 6 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ 6 │ 2 │ — │ 6 │ — │ — │ 8 │ - │ New Norcia ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 3/4 │ - │ Sisters of Mercy ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │ Total │ 6 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ 7 │ 2 │ — │ 6 │ — │ — │ — │ - +───────────────────────────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │NATAL. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Day and Industrial, ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ - │ Edendale ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ New Germany ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ - │ St. Michael’s ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 1/4 │ - │ Ekukanyeni ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 4 3/4 │ - │ Ifumi Station, S. ││ 1 │ 1 │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 1/4 │ - │ Spring Vale ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ - │ Umvoti ││ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ - │ Kwangubeni ││ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Verulara (Wesleyan) ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ Indaleni ││ 2 │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 3 │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ Pietermaritzburg ││ — │ — │ 1 │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 2 │ 5 │ 8 │ 1 │ 2 │ 5 │ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │ Total │ 3 │ 3 │ 3 │ 4 │ 2 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 9 │ 7 │ 6 │ 8 │ 1 │ 2 │ — │ - +───────────────────────────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table A2, CEYLON. Part 1. │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ ││ │ │ Average Number of Native Children, with Sexes │ - │ ││ │ │ and Ages, attending during these Years. │ - │ ││ │ +───────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+────────────────+ - │ Name of Colony ││ Date │ Years │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ and School. ││ of │ included │ Under │ 5 to │ 10 to │ 15 Years │ │ - │ ││ Opening. │ in the │ 5 │ 10 │ 15 │ and │ All Ages. │ - │ ││ │ Return. │ Years. │ Years. │ Years. │ upwards. │ │ - │ ││ │ +─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │ ││ │ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │CEYLON. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Colombo academy ││ 1836 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 13 │ — │ 58 │ — │ 46 │ — │ 17 │ — │ - │ Galle central school ││ 1849 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 9 │ — │ 14 │ — │ 28 │ — │ - │ Kandy central school ││ 1844 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 21 │ — │ 17 │ — │ 43 │ — │ - │ Colombo Pettah English ││ 1835 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 48 │ — │ 136 │ — │ 24 │ — │ 208 │ — │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Grand Pass English ││ 1839 │ 1855 to 1859 │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 30 │ — │ 45 │ — │ 76 │ — │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Negombo Government boys’ ││ — │ 1855 to 1859 │ — │ — │ 181 │ — │ 237 │ — │ 86 │ — │ 504 │ — │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ English school, altura ││ 1836 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 24 │ — │ 26 │ — │ 27 │ — │ 77 │ — │ - │ Pantura boys’ ││ 1835 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 20 │ — │ 32 │ — │ 15 │ — │ 67 │ — │ - │ English school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Matura Government ││ 1843 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ 10 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 23 │ — │ - │ elementary school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ English Kornegalle ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 15 │ — │ 30 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 50 │ — │ - │ {22} Government ││ 1851 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 21 │ — │ 54 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 82 │ — │ - │ Malrandahn mixed school││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Copetty mixed school ││ 1844 │ 1856 to 1860 │ 1 │ — │ 15 │ — │ 38 │ — │ 17 │ — │ 71 │ — │ - │ Kandane ││ — │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 12 │ — │ 9 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 28 │ — │ - │ Mahola mixed school ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 5 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 21 │ — │ 16 │ — │ 54 │ — │ - │ Kaigalle mixed school ││ 1852 │ 1857 to 1860 │ 3 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 8 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 23 │ — │ - │ Rutnapoora mixed school ││ — │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 33 │ — │ 132 │ — │ 11 │ — │ 176 │ — │ - │ Mixed school, Bentotte ││ 1837 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ 21 │ — │ 13 │ — │ 38 │ — │ - │ Government mixed school, ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 15 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 20 │ — │ - │ Balepitimodera. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Oodoovil fem. board. ││ 1824 │ 1824 to 1861 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 347 │ — │ — │ — │ 347 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Batticotta high school ││ 1856 │ 1856 to 1861 │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 70 │ — │ 75 │ — │ 150 │ — │ - │ Batticotta training and ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1861 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 20 │ — │ 20 │ — │ - │ theological school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Boys’ school, Matura ││ 1843 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ 11 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 24 │ — │ - │ Girls’ school, Matura ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 13 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 36 │ - │ Boys’ school, Belligam ││ 1845 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 23 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 30 │ — │ - │ Boys’ school, Dondra ││ 1851 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ - │ Boys’ school, Nupa ││ — │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 14 │ — │ 18 │ — │ — │ — │ 32 │ — │ - │ Girls’ school, ││ — │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 12 │ — │ — │ — │ 24 │ - │ Gabeduwediya ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Galle mixed school ││ — │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 25 │ — │ 35 │ — │ 11 │ — │ 71 │ — │ - │ Callowelle mixed school ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 17 │ — │ 17 │ — │ 17 │ — │ 51 │ — │ - │ Belligam mixed school ││ 1845 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 23 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 30 │ — │ - │ Mixed school, ││ — │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 8 │ — │ — │ — │ 11 │ — │ - │ Hambantotte ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Boys’ mixed school, ││ 1849 │ 1855 to 1860 │ 13 │ — │ 24 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 47 │ — │ - │ Trincomalie ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kandy mixed school ││ 1849 │ 1856 to 1860 │ 5 │ — │ 28 │ — │ 22 │ — │ 14 │ — │ 69 │ — │ - │ Pitiyagedere ││ 1856 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 14 │ — │ 4 │ — │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ - │ Madewelletenne ││ 1854 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 14 │ — │ - │ Mixed school, Gampola ││ — │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 12 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 35 │ — │ - │ Nawelepitiye mixed ││ — │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 13 │ 2 │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 16 │ 2 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ {23} Kadugannawa ││ — │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 15 │ — │ - │ Harispattoo mixed school ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 7 │ — │ 13 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 23 │ — │ - │ Ambagamuwa mixed school ││ 1859 │ 1860 │ — │ — │ 7 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 12 │ — │ - │ Medemahanuwera ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 30 │ — │ - │ Mixed school, Odoonuwera ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 15 │ — │ 43 │ — │ 16 │ — │ 74 │ — │ - │ Newera Ellia, mixed ││ — │ 1857 to 1860 │ 5 │ — │ 19 │ 2 │ 23 │ 1 │ 9 │ — │ 56 │ 3 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mixed, Badulla ││ 1836 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 27 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 36 │ — │ - │ Matelle mixed school ││ — │ 1858 to 1860 │ 5 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 47 │ — │ 68 │ — │ - │ Odetenne, in Matelle ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 8 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 16 │ — │ - │ Madampe mixed school ││ 1854 │ 1855 to 1859 │ 2 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 10 │ — │ 11 │ — │ 30 │ — │ - │ Mixed school, Putlam ││ 1848 │ 1856 to 1860 │ 2 │ 1 │ 10 │ 3 │ 6 │ 1 │ 2 │ — │ 20 │ 5 │ - │ Mixed school, Calpentyn ││ 1838 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 12 │ — │ - │ Mullativoe Government ││ 1847 │ 1855 to 1859 │ 19 │ — │ 107 │ — │ 178 │ — │ 100 │ — │ 404 │ — │ - │ mixed school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mixed, Manaar ││ 1838 │ 1855 to 1859 │ — │ — │ 10 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 26 │ — │ - │ Mixed, Anuradhapoora ││ 1858 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ 6 │ — │ — │ — │ 10 │ — │ - │ Mattacooly ││ 1847 │ 1852 to 1857 │ — │ — │ 52 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 9 │ — │ 81 │ — │ - │ Wattelle vernacular ││ 1847 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 21 │ — │ 11 │ — │ — │ — │ 32 │ — │ - │ boys’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Pamanugama vernacular ││ 1856 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ 15 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 40 │ — │ - │ boys’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mahawatta ││ 1856 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ 18 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 38 │ — │ - │ Mahare ││ 1856 │ 1860 │ 3 │ — │ 40 │ — │ 23 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 70 │ — │ - │ Kohillewatte vernacular ││ 1848 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 17 │ — │ 24 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 46 │ — │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kottawa vernacular, boys ││ 1854 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 31 │ — │ - │ Slave Island boys ││ 1847 │ 1856 to 1860 │ 2 │ — │ 24 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 53 │ — │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Milagria ││ 1850 │ 1860 │ — │ — │ 20 │ — │ 16 │ — │ 16 │ — │ 52 │ — │ - │ Dehiwella ││ 1847 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 8 │ — │ 18 │ — │ 13 │ — │ 39 │ — │ - │ Attidiya vernacular ││ 1852 │ 1852 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 20 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 8 │ — │ 48 │ — │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Dandogame ││ 1851 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 21 │ — │ 26 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 52 │ — │ - │ {24} Seedua ││ 1848 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 20 │ — │ 11 │ — │ 8 │ — │ 39 │ — │ - │ Katane ││ 1856 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 24 │ — │ 36 │ — │ 16 │ — │ 76 │ — │ - │ Andiamblam vernacular ││ 1856 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 12 │ — │ 19 │ — │ — │ — │ 31 │ — │ - │ Imbulgodde school ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 25 │ 1 │ 21 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 53 │ 1 │ - │ Indebetta vernacular ││ 1858 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 15 │ 15 │ 15 │ 14 │ 10 │ — │ 40 │ 29 │ - │ boys’ and girls’ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ vernacular school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Waragodde vernacular ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 20 │ — │ 26 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 50 │ — │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Bandaragama boys’ school ││ 1847 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 12 │ — │ 17 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 33 │ — │ - │ Vernacular boys’ school ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 16 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 25 │ — │ - │ at Waskaduwa ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Katukurunde boys’ and ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 36 │ 6 │ 11 │ 4 │ — │ — │ 47 │ 10 │ - │ girls’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Vernacular at Payagalle ││ 1858 │ 1858 to 1860 │ 94 │ — │ 423 │ — │ 376 │ — │ 96 │ — │ 989 │ — │ - │ Vernacular school at ││ 1857 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 15 │ — │ 10 │ — │ 8 │ — │ 33 │ — │ - │ Barbaryn ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Maccoon ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 38 │ — │ 44 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 88 │ — │ - │ Vernacular boys’ school ││ 1851 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ — │ — │ 18 │ — │ - │ Dondra ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kandy gaol school ││ 1856 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 30 │ — │ 30 │ — │ - │ Government vernacular ││ 1857 │ — │ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ 13 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 26 │ — │ - │ boys’ school, ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Parnegame ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Singhalese school, ││ 1856 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 13 │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 18 │ 1 │ - │ Passara ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Badulla, Singhalese ││ 1850 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 30 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 62 │ — │ - │ Tamil vernacular, ││ 1850 │ 1855 to 1860 │ 10 │ — │ 11 │ — │ 54 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 95 │ — │ - │ Badulla ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Paioogame school ││ 1860 │ 1860 │ — │ — │ 11 │ — │ 8 │ — │ 31 │ — │ 50 │ — │ - │ Combalwella ││ 1860 │ 1860 │ — │ — │ 20 │ — │ 13 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 35 │ — │ - │ Matelle Tamil school ││ 1858 │ 1858 to 1860 │ 1 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 15 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 32 │ — │ - │ Ratotte school ││ 1860 │ 1860 │ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ 9 │ — │ — │ — │ 15 │ — │ - │ Vernacular, Kotmalie ││ 1856 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 16 │ — │ 42 │ — │ 26 │ — │ 84 │ — │ - │ Dummaladeniya of ││ 1857 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 10 │ — │ 15 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 30 │ — │ - │ Chilau ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ {25} Calpentyn Tamil ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ school ││ 1847 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 9 │ — │ 14 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 25 │ — │ - │ Female seminary ││ — │ 1860 │ 3 │ 3 │ 2 │ 10 │ — │ 5 │ — │ — │ 5 │ 18 │ - │ Superior girls’school, ││ 1850 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 25 │ — │ 36 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 71 │ - │ Kandy ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Grand Pass mixed girls’ ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ 16 │ — │ 25 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 46 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Borella ││ 1843 │ 1856 to 1860 │ 1 │ 1 │ 9 │ 19 │ 2 │ 5 │ — │ 1 │ 12 │ 26 │ - │ Colpetty girls’ school ││ 1844 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ 32 │ — │ 19 │ — │ — │ — │ 51 │ - │ Caltura ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Matura Government girls’ ││ 1857 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 13 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 36 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kottawa, vernacular, ││ 1854 │ 1858 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ 16 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 24 │ - │ girls’ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Pantura mixed girls’ ││ 1859 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ 8 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 11 │ — │ — │ — │ 39 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Vernacular girls’ ││ 1851 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ school at Pantura ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Government Tamil ││ 1846 │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 14 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 19 │ - │ girls’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │ Total │ 185 │ 27 │ 1,956 │ 243 │ 1,630 │ 543 │ 1,163 │ 29 │ 4,934 │ 842 │ - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - - +───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table A2, CEYLON. Part 2. │ - +───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +──────────────────────────++────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+────────────+────────────+────────+ - │ ││ Mortality during same Period. │ Average │ Average │ │ - │ ││ │ Number of │ Number of │ │ - │ │+───────────+───────────+───────────+───────────+────────────+ Children │ Children │ │ - │ Name of Colony ││ │ │ │ │ │ leaving │ who leave │No. of │ - │ and School. ││ Under │ 5 to │ 10 to │ 15 Years │ │ School │ School to │ Years │ - │ ││ 5 │ 10 │ 15 │ and │ All │ every Year │ die at │ in │ - │ ││ Years. │ Years. │ Years. │ upwards. │ Ages. │ from │ Home │Return. │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ ill-health.│ every year.│ │ - │ │+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+ │ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ │ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │CEYLON. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Colombo academy ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 3/4 │ - │ Galle central school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Kandy central school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 4 3/4 │ - │ Colombo Pettah English ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 17 │ — │ — │ — │ 4 3/4 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Grand Pass English ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 5 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Negombo Government boys’ ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ English school, altura ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 3/4 │ - │ Pantura boys’ English ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 8 or │ — │ — │ — │ 4 1/2 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 10 │ │ │ │ │ - │ Matura Government ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 5 │ - │ elementary school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ English Kornegalle ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 or │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 5 │ │ │ │ │ - │ Government ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ - │ Malrandahn mixed school││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Copetty mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 5 │ - │ Kandane ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ Mahola mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 1/2 │ - │ Kaigalle mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 1/2 │ - │ Rutnapoora mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ Mixed school, Bentotte ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Government mixed school, ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ - │ Balepitimodera. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Oodoovil fem. board. ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 19 │ — │ — │ — │ 19 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ 38 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Batticotta high school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 6 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 1/4 │ - │ Batticotta training and ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 1/4 │ - │ theological school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Boys’ school, Matura ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 5 │ - │ Girls’ school, Matura ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ 3 1/2 │ - │ Boys’ school, Belligam ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 5 │ - │ Boys’ school, Dondra ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 4 3/4 │ - │ Boys’ school, Nupa ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Girls’ school, ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Gabeduwediya ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Galle mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Callowelle mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ - │ Belligam mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Mixed school, ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ Hambantotte ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Boys’ mixed school, ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Trincomalie ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kandy mixed school ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 10 │ — │ 8 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 3/4 │ - │ Pitiyagedere ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 3/4 │ - │ Madewelletenne ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 5 3/4 │ - │ Mixed school, Gampola ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3/4 │ - │ Nawelepitiye mixed ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 3/4 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kadugannawa ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ - │ Harispattoo mixed school ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 1/4 │ - │ Ambagamuwa mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1/4 │ - │ Medemahanuwera ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Mixed school, Odoonuwera ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Newera Ellia, mixed ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mixed, Badulla ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Matelle mixed school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 1/2 │ - │ Odetenne, in Matelle ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 1/2 │ - │ Madampe mixed school ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Mixed school, Putlam ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ 2 │ — │ — │ 4 3/4 │ - │ Mixed school, Calpentyn ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 3/4 │ - │ Mullativoe Government ││ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 15 │ — │ 20 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 6 │ - │ mixed school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mixed, Manaar ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 5 │ - │ Mixed, Anuradhapoora ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 1/2 │ - │ Mattacooly ││ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 5 │ - │ Wattelle vernacular ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ boys’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Pamanugama vernacular ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ boys’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mahawatta ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ - │ Mahare ││ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 14 │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ 3/4 │ - │ Kohillewatte vernacular ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kottawa vernacular, boys ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 1/2 │ - │ Slave Island boys ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 5 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Milagria ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 3/4 │ - │ Dehiwella ││ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Attidiya vernacular ││ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 9 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ — │ — │ 3 3/4 │ - │ Dandogame ││ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 10 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 5 │ - │ Seedua ││ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 1/2 │ - │ Katane ││ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 12 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Andiamblam vernacular ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 4 1/2 │ - │ Imbulgodde school ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 3 1/2 │ - │ Indebetta vernacular ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 6 │ 4 │ — │ — │ 2 1/4 │ - │ boys’ and girls’ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ vernacular school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Waragodde vernacular ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 3/4 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Bandaragama boys’ school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Vernacular boys’ school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ - │ at Waskaduwa ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Katukurunde boys’ and ││ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 4 │ 1 │ 9 │ 4 │ — │ — │ 3 │ - │ girls’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Vernacular at Payagalle ││ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ - │ Vernacular school at ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 8 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 5 │ - │ Barbaryn ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Maccoon ││ — │ — │ 46 │ — │ 53 │ — │ 4 │ — │ 103 │ — │ 10 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ - │ Vernacular boys’ school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ — │ 6 │ — │ — │ — │ 4 3/4 │ - │ Dondra ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kandy gaol school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 1/4 │ - │ Government vernacular ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ - │ boys’ school, ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Parnegame ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Singhalese school, ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 1/4 │ - │ Passara ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Badulla, Singhalese ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Tamil vernacular, ││ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 6 │ - │ Badulla ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Paioogame school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1/4 │ - │ Combalwella ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1/4 │ - │ Matelle Tamil school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ - │ Ratotte school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 6 │ — │ — │ — │ 3/4 │ - │ Vernacular, Kotmalie ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 9 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 5 │ - │ Dummaladeniya of ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 8 │ — │ 3 │ - │ Chilau ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Calpentyn Tamil ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ school ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 4 │ - │ Female seminary ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Superior girls’school, ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ 2 1/2 │ - │ Kandy ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Grand Pass mixed girls’ ││ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 6 │ — │ 3 │ 1 1/2 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Borella ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ - │ Colpetty girls’ school ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ 5 │ - │ Caltura ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Matura Government girls’ ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 3/4 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kottawa, vernacular, ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ 2 1/2 │ - │ girls’ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Pantura mixed girls’ ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 1/4 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Vernacular girls’ ││ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 7 │ — │ 12 │ — │ 7 │ 4 3/4 │ - │ school at Pantura ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Government Tamil ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ girls’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │ Total │ 6 │ 2 │ 105 │ 4 │ 129 │ 31 │ 61 │ 3 │ 301 │ 40 │ 185 │ 34 │ 55 │ 17 │ │ - +───────────────────────────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table A3, CANADA. Part 1. │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ ││ │ │ Average Number of Native Children, with Sexes │ - │ ││ │ │ and Ages, attending during these Years. │ - │ ││ │ +───────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+────────────────+ - │ Name of Colony ││ Date │ Years │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ and School. ││ of │ included │ Under │ 5 to │ 10 to │ 15 Years │ │ - │ ││ Opening. │ in the │ 5 │ 10 │ 15 │ and │ All Ages. │ - │ ││ │ Return. │ Years. │ Years. │ Years. │ upwards. │ │ - │ ││ │ +─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │ ││ │ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │CANADA. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Saugeeng ││ — │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 6 │ 12 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ 6 │ 14 │ - │ Snake Island ││ 1840 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 3 │ 3 │ 5 │ 6 │ 5 │ 5 │ 6 │ 4 │ 19 │ 18 │ - │ Rice Lake ││ 1880 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 2 │ 3 │ 4 │ 5 │ 2 │ 4 │ 8 │ 12 │ - │ Chemong or Mud Lake ││ 1835 │ 1859 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 4 │ 2 │ 5 │ 2 │ 6 │ 1 │ 15 │ 5 │ - │ Alnwick industrial ││ 1828 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 6 │ 7 │ 12 │ 10 │ 11 │ 7 │ 4 │ 3 │ 33 │ 27 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ New England, co. Mohawk ││ 1882 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 2 │ 3 │ 3 │ 2 │ 2 │ 3 │ — │ 2 │ 7 │ 10 │ - │ Mohawk ││ 1840 │ 1859 to 1860 │ 1 │ 2 │ 4 │ 8 │ 5 │ 6 │ 1 │ 2 │ 11 │ 18 │ - │ Mohawk Institution ││ 1833 │ 1856 to 1861 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 30 │ 10 │ 10 │ 5 │ 40 │ 15 │ - │ Manitowaning ││ 1839 │ 1854 to 1856 │ — │ — │ 2 │ 1 │ 2 │ 6 │ 2 │ — │ 6 │ 7 │ - │ Wikwemikong ││ 1845 │ 1855 to 1860 │ 8 │ 3 │ 39 │ 23 │ 33 │ 25 │ 21 │ 19 │ 101 │ 70 │ - │ {26} Calpentyn Tamil ││ 1847 │ 1857 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 9 │ — │ 14 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 25 │ — │ - │ St. Clair common day ││ 1836 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 15 │ 7 │ 14 │ 8 │ 3 │ 1 │ 32 │ 16 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Walpole Island common ││ 1848 │ 1855 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 11 │ 6 │ 10 │ 7 │ 2 │ 2 │ 23 │ 15 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mount Elgin ││ 1849 │ 1856 to 1860 │ — │ — │ 2 │ 4 │ 13 │ 13 │ 7 │ 3 │ 22 │ 20 │ - +──────────────────────────++──────────+──────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - │ Total │ 20 │ 18 │ 105 │ 84 │ 134 │ 99 │ 64 │ 46 │ 323 │ 247 │ - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────+─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+──────────+─────+ - - +───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table A3, CANADA. Part 2. │ - +───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +──────────────────────────++────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+────────────+────────────+────────+ - │ ││ Mortality during same Period. │ Average │ Average │ │ - │ ││ │ Number of │ Number of │ │ - │ │+───────────+───────────+───────────+───────────+────────────+ Children │ Children │ │ - │ Name of Colony ││ │ │ │ │ │ leaving │ who leave │No. of │ - │ and School. ││ Under │ 5 to │ 10 to │ 15 Years │ │ School │ School to │ Years │ - │ ││ 5 │ 10 │ 15 │ and │ All │ every Year │ die at │ in │ - │ ││ Years. │ Years. │ Years. │ upwards. │ Ages. │ from │ Home │Return. │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ ill-health.│ every year.│ │ - │ │+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+ │ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ │ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │CANADA. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Saugeeng ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Snake Island ││ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ 1 │ 2 │ 5 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Rice Lake ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Chemong or Mud Lake ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Alnwick industrial ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ New England, co. Mohawk ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Mohawk ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ - │ Mohawk Institution ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ Manitowaning ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 3 │ - │ Wikwemikong ││ — │ 2 │ 3 │ 3 │ 3 │ 3 │ — │ — │ 6 │ 8 │ 3 │ 4 │ — │ — │ 6 │ - │ Calpentyn Tamil ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ - │ St. Clair common day ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Walpole Island common ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 5 │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mount Elgin ││ — │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ - +──────────────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - │ Total │ 1 │ 3 │ 5 │ 4 │ 5 │ 7 │ 1 │ 1 │ 12 │ 15 │ 5 │ 5 │ — │ — │ │ - +───────────────────────────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+──────+─────+────────+ - - -TABLE A. a.―Summary of Table A. - - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table A.a. Part 1 │ - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────++─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ ││ Average School Attendance. │ - │ ++───────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+───────────────+ - │ Colony. ││ │ │ │ │ │ - │ ││ Under 5. │ 5–10. │ 10–15. │ 15 and │ All Ages. │ - │ ││ │ │ │ upwards. │ │ - │ ++─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+───────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────++─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+───────+ - │ Sierra Leone ││ 418 │ 322 │ 320 │ 260 │ 421 │ 230 │ 105 │ 24 │ 1,747 │ 836 │ - │ Western Australia ││ 12 │ 8 │ 10 │ 7 │ 15 │ 5 │ 7 │ 2 │ 44 │ 22 │ - │ Natal ││ 37 │ 47 │ 260 │ 301 │ 88 │ 103 │ 52 │ 55 │ 437 │ 506 │ - │ Ceylon ││ 185 │ 27 │ 1,956 │ 243 │ 1,630 │ 543 │ 1,163 │ 29 │ 4,934 │ 842 │ - │ Canada ││ 20 │ 18 │ 105 │ 84 │ 134 │ 99 │ 64 │ 46 │ 323 │ 247 │ - │ ++─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+───────+ - │ Total ││ 672 │ 422 │ 2,651 │ 895 │ 2,288 │ 980 │ 1,391 │ 156 │ 7,485 │ 2,453 │ - +───────────────────++─────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+─────+───────+───────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table A.a. Part 2 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────++───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ ││ Total Deaths for same Period. │ Average │ Average │ - │ ++───────────+───────────+───────────+───────────+───────────+ Number who │ Number who │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ leave │ leave │ - │ Colony. ││ │ │ │ │ │ School │ School │ - │ ││ Under 5. │ 5–10. │ 10–15. │ 15 and │ All Ages. │ from │ to die │ - │ ││ │ │ │ upwards. │ │ ill-health │ at Home │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ every year. │ every year. │ - │ ++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ Sierra Leone ││ 41 │ 37 │ 19 │ 20 │ 18 │ 10 │ 2 │ 1 │ 122 │ 68 │ 39 │ 29 │ 23 │ 20 │ - │ Western Australia ││ 6 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ 7 │ 2 │ — │ 6 │ — │ — │ - │ Natal ││ 3 │ 3 │ 3 │ 4 │ 2 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 9 │ 7 │ 6 │ 8 │ 1 │ 2 │ - │ Ceylon ││ 6 │ 2 │ 105 │ 4 │ 129 │ 31 │ 61 │ 3 │ 301 │ 40 │ 185 │ 34 │ 55 │ 17 │ - │ Canada ││ 1 │ 3 │ 5 │ 4 │ 5 │ 7 │ 1 │ 1 │ 12 │ 15 │ 5 │ 5 │ — │ — │ - │ ++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ Total ││ 57 │ 46 │ 132 │ 32 │ 154 │ 50 │ 64 │ 5 │ 451 │ 132 │ 235 │ 82 │ 79 │ 39 │ - +───────────────────++─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - -The “all ages” for Sierra Leone includes 483 children whose ages are -not given. - - -{27} - -B. MORTALITY IN THE COLONIAL SCHOOLS. (SIERRA LEONE.) - - ───────────────+──────────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+────────────────────────── - │ Years of Life. │ Deaths. │ Annual Rate of Mortality - │ │ │ per Cent. - AGES. +─────────+─────────+──────────+───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+───────── - │ Both │ Males. │ Females. │ Both │ Males. │ Females. │ Both │ Males. │ Females. - │ Sexes. │ │ │ Sexes.│ │ │ Sexes.│ │ - ───────────────+─────────+─────────+──────────+───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+───────── - All ages │ 7,779† │ 5,885† │ 1,894 │ 190‡ │ 122‡ │ 68 │ 2·44 │ 2·07 │ 3·59 - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - Under 5 years │ 1,684 │ 1,019 │ 665 │ 78 │ 41 │ 37 │ 4·63 │ 4·02 │ 5·56 - 5–10 years │ 1,409 │ 781 │ 628 │ 39 │ 19 │ 20 │ 2·77 │ 2·43 │ 3·19 - 10–15 years │ 1,812 │ 1,259 │ 553 │ 28 │ 18 │ 10 │ 1·55 │ 1·43 │ 1·81 - 15 and upwards │ 459 │ 411 │ 48 │ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │ ·65 │ ·49 │ 2·08 - ───────────────+─────────+─────────+──────────+───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+───────── - - † This total includes the years of life of 483 male children whose ages - were not specified. - - ‡ Including 42 deaths of male children whose ages were not specified. - - -C. MORTALITY IN THE COLONIAL SCHOOLS. (NATAL.) - - ───────────────+───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+────────────────────────── - │ Years of Life. │ Deaths. │ Annual Rate of Mortality - │ │ │ per Cent. - AGES. +───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+───────── - │ Both │ Males. │ Females. │ Both │ Males. │ Females. │ Both │ Males. │ Females. - │ Sexes.│ │ │ Sexes.│ │ │ Sexes.│ │ - ───────────────+───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+───────── - All ages │ 3,832 │ 1,710 │ 2,122 │ 16 │ 9 │ 7 │ ·42 │ ·53 │ ·33 - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - Under 5 years │ 344 │ 141 │ 203 │ 6 │ 3 │ 3 │ 1·74 │ 2·13 │ 1·48 - 5–10 years │ 2,279 │ 1,035 │ 1,244 │ 7 │ 3 │ 4 │ ·31 │ ·29 │ ·32 - 10–15 years │ 898 │ 346 │ 552 │ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │ ·33 │ ·58 │ ·18 - 15 and upwards │ 411 │ 188 │ 223 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - ───────────────+───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+──────────+───────+────────+───────── - - -D. MORTALITY IN THE COLONIAL SCHOOLS. (WESTERN AUSTRALIA.) - - ───────────────+───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────++────────────────────────── - │ Years of Life. ││ Deaths. ││ Annual Rate of Mortality - │ ││ ││ per Cent. - AGES. +───────+────────+──────────++───────+────────+──────────++───────+────────+───────── - │ Both │ Males. │ Females. ││ Both │ Males. │ Females. ││ Both │ Males. │ Females. - │ Sexes.│ │ ││ Sexes.│ │ ││ Sexes.│ │ - ───────────────+───────+────────+──────────++───────+────────+──────────++───────+────────+───────── - All ages │ 357 │ 202 │ 155 ││ 9 │ 7 │ 2 ││ 2·52 │ 3·47 │ 1·29 - │ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ - Under 5 years │ 147 │ 83 │ 64 ││ 7 │ 6 │ 1 ││ 4·76 │ 7·23 │ 1·56 - 5–10 years │ 93 │ 37 │ 56 ││ — │ — │ — ││ — │ — │ — - 10–15 years │ 81 │ 56 │ 25 ││ 1 │ — │ 1 ││ 1·24 │ — │ 4·00 - 15 and upwards │ 36 │ 26 │ 10 ││ — │ — │ — ││ — │ — │ — - ───────────────+───────+────────+──────────++───────+────────+──────────++───────+────────+───────── - - -{28} - -E. MORTALITY IN THE COLONIAL SCHOOLS. (CEYLON.) - - ────────────────+────────────────────────+──────────────────────+──────────────────────+────────────────────── - │ │ │ Annual Rate of │ Annual Rate of - │ Years of Life. │ Deaths. │ Mortality │ Mortality in - │ │ │ per Cent. │ England and Wales. - AGES. +───────+───────+────────+──────+──────+────────+──────+──────+────────+──────+──────+──────── - │ Both │Males. │Females.│ Both │Males.│Females.│ Both │Males.│Females.│ Both │Males.│Females. - │Sexes. │ │ │Sexes.│ │ │Sexes.│ │ │Sexes.│ │ - ────────────────+───────+───────+────────+──────+──────+────────+──────+──────+────────+──────+──────+──────── - All ages │35,339 │20,721 │ 14,618 │ 341 │ 301 │ 40 │ ·96 │ 1·45 │ ·27 │ — │ — │ ── - Under 5 years │ 644 │ 575 │ 69 │ 8 │ 6 │ 2 │ 1·24 │ 1·04 │ 2·90 │ — │ — │ ── - 5–10 years │ 7,278 │ 6,510 │ 768 │ 109 │ 105 │ 4 │ 1·50 │ 1·61 │ ·52 │ ·92 │ ·92 │ ·91 - 10–15 years │23,090 │ 9,377 │ 13,713 │ 160 │ 129 │ 31 │ ·69 │ 1·38 │ ·23 │ ·53 │ ·52 │ ·54 - 15 and upwards, │ 4,327 │ 4,259 │ 68 │ 64 │ 61 │ 3 │ 1·48 │ 1·43 │ 4·41 │ ·84 │ ·82 │ ·85 - say 17. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - ────────────────+───────+───────+────────+──────+──────+────────+──────+──────+────────+──────+──────+──────── - -NOTE.―The mortality at all ages was ·96 per cent. of both sexes, but -including the deaths of children who have been returned as leaving -school to die at home, this number will be nearly doubled. - - -F. MORTALITY IN THE COLONIAL SCHOOLS. (CANADA.) - - ───────────────+────────────────────────────+────────────────────────────+─────────────────────────── - │ Years of Life. │ Deaths. │ Annual Rate of Mortality - │ │ │ per cent. - AGES. +────────+────────+──────────+────────+────────+──────────+────────+────────+───────── - │ Both │ Males. │ Females. │ Both │ Males. │ Females. │ Both │ Males. │ Females. - │ Sexes. │ │ │ Sexes. │ │ │ Sexes. │ │ - ───────────────+────────+────────+──────────+────────+────────+──────────+────────+────────+───────── - All ages │ 2,141 │ 1,286 │ 855 │ 27 │ 12 │ 15 │ 1·26 │ ·93 │ 1·75 - Under 5 years │ 93 │ 60 │ 33 │ 4 │ 1 │ 3 │ 4·30 │ 1·67 │ 9·09 - 5–10 years │ 679 │ 414 │ 265 │ 9 │ 5 │ 4 │ 1·30 │ 1·21 │ 1·51 - 10–15 years │ 933 │ 558 │ 375 │ 12 │ 5 │ 7 │ 1·29 │ ·90 │ 1·87 - 15 and upwards │ 436 │ 254 │ 182 │ 2 │ 1 │ 1 │ ·46 │ ·39 │ ·55 - ───────────────+────────+────────+──────────+────────+────────+──────────+────────+────────+───────── - - -{29} - -G. TABLE showing the CHIEF CAUSES of MORTALITY at the SCHOOLS in each COLONY. - - G. Part 1. - +───────────────────+─────────+─────────+──────────+──────────+─────────+ - │ │ │ Scarlet │ │ │ │ - │ │ Small- │ Fever, │ │Diarrhœa, │ │ - │ │ Pox. │ Measles,│ Fevers. │Dysentery.│ Cholera.│ - │ — │ │Whooping-│ │ │ │ - │ │ │ Cough. │ │ │ │ - │ +────+────+────+────+─────+────+─────+────+────+────+ - │ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────+────+────+────+────+─────+────+─────+────+────+────+ - │ Sierra Leone │ 42 │ 34 │ 11 │ 9 │ 23 │ 23 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Natal │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ - │ Western Australia │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Ceylon │ 7 │ — │ 42 │ — │ 118 │ 19 │ 50 │ 8 │ 7 │ 10 │ - │ Canada │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +───────────────────+────+────+────+────+─────+────+─────+────+────+────+ - - G. Part 2. - +───────────────────+─────────+─────────+─────────+─────────+──────────+──────────+ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ │Consump- │ Other │Brain and│ │ Not │ Total │ - │ │ tion. │ Chest │ Nervous │Scrofula.│specified.│ Deaths. │ - │ — │ │Diseases.│ System. │ │ │ │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ +────+────+────+────+────+────+────+────+─────+────+─────+────+ - │ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────+────+────+────+────+────+────+────+────+─────+────+─────+────+ - │ Sierra Leone │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ 2 │ 122 │ 68 │ - │ Natal │ — │ 1 │ 4 │ 3 │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ 1 │ 9 │ 7 │ - │ Western Australia │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 4 │ 1 │ 7 │ 2 │ - │ Ceylon │ 6 │ 1 │ 5 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 64 │ 2 │ 301 │ 40 │ - │ Canada │ 7 │ 9 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │ 4 │ 12 │ 15 │ - +───────────────────+────+────+────+────+────+────+────+────+─────+────+─────+────+ - -{30} - -H. EDUCATION AND STATE OF SCHOOLS IN THE DIFFERENT COLONIES. - - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table H1, SIERRA LEONE, NATAL, and WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Part 1. │ - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+──────────────────────+ - │ ││ │No. of│ │ School Hours. │ - │ ││ Length of │School│ Annual +────────+──────+──────+ - │ Name of School. ││ School │ Days │ No. of │Instruc-│ │ Out- │ - │ ││Education.† │ per │Holidays.│ tion. │Play. │ door │ - │ ││ │Week. │ │ │ │ Work.│ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+────────+──────+──────+ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+────────+──────+──────+ - │SIERRA LEONE. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ C. M. Jubilee ││ 3 1/2 years│ 6 │ 42 days │ 6 │ 2 │ 1 1/2│ - │ Kessy ││ 2 years │ 5 │ 21 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Campbell Town ││ — │ 5 │ 21 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Government ││ — │ 5 │ — │ — │ None │ None │ - │ Bananas ││ — │ 5 │ 21 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Christ Church ││ 7 years │ 5 │ 1 month │ 4 1/2 │ 1/2 │ None │ - │ Buxton ││ 2 years │ 5 │ 21 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Gibraltar ││ 2 years │ 5 │ 21 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Jehovah Shalom ││ — │ 5 │ 15 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ York ││ — │ 5 │ 15 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Zion ││ 2 years │ 5 │ 21 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Tabernacle ││ — │ 5 │ 15 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Bathurst St. ││ 2 years │ 5 │ 21 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Liberated African ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │WESTERN AUSTRALIA. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Annesfield ││ 10 years │ 5 │ Twice │ 4 or 5 │ — │ None │ - │ ││ │ │ a year │ │ │ │ - │ {31} New Norcia ││Till married│ 5 │ 12 days │ 3 │ — │ 3 │ - │ (Benedictines) ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Sisters of Mercy ││Till married│ 5 │ 35 days │ 5 │ 2 │ None │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │NATAL. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Infant school, Edendale ││ — │ 5 │ None. │ 4 │ — │ None │ - │ Day and Industrial, ││ — │ 5 │ None. │ 2 1/2 │ None │ 3 1/2│ - │ Edendale. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ New Germany ││ — │ 5 │ — │ 2 │ — │ — │ - │ St. Michael’s ││ — │ 5 │ — │ 2 │ None │ None │ - │ Ekukanyeni ││ 5 years │ 6 │ 20 days │ 5 │ — │ 7 │ - │ Ifumi Station ││ — │ 5 │ — │ 4 to 5 │ None │ None │ - │ {32} Spring Vale ││ — │ 5 │ — │ 2 │ None │ 3 │ - │ Umvoti ││ 6 years │ 5 │ 21 days │ 5 │ 1 │ 1 │ - │ Kwangubeni ││ — │ 5 │ 1 month │ 3 │ None │ None │ - │ Verulam (Wesleyan) ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 1 month │ 3 to 5 │ At │3 to 5│ - │ ││ │ │ │ │inter-│ │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │vals. │ │ - │ Indaleni ││ — │ 5 │ 1 month │ 5 │ None │3 to 4│ - │ Pietermaritzburg ││ — │ 5 │ 42 days │ 4 1/2 │ None │ None │ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+──────────────────────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table H1, SIERRA LEONE, NATAL, and WESTERN AUSTRALIA. Part 2. │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ ││ Physical │ │ - │ ││ Education │ │ - │ Name of School. ││(including │ Remarks on State of School, &c. │ - │ ││Gymnastics,│ │ - │ ││ Bathing, │ │ - │ ││Exercise). │ │ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │SIERRA LEONE. ││ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ - │ C. M. Jubilee ││ Gymnastics│Building well constructed. Ventilation somewhat │ - │ ││ │ impeded. Diet plain and simple. │ - │ Kessy ││ No │Conducted in a thatched chapel. Situation good. │ - │ Campbell Town ││ No │Stone chapel, without special ventilation. │ - │ Government ││ No │ — │ - │ Bananas ││ No │Frame built chapel, situated on the Island of │ - │ ││ │ Bananas. No special ventilation. │ - │ Christ Church ││ No │Building large and well ventilated. │ - │ Buxton ││ No │Conducted in the cellar of the chapel. Position │ - │ ││ │ and ventilation good. │ - │ Gibraltar ││ No │Building stone. Ventilation and position good. │ - │ Jehovah Shalom ││ No │Frame built chapel, without special ventilation. │ - │ York ││ No │Frame chapel, without special ventilation. │ - │ Zion ││ No │Stone chapel. Position and ventilation excellent. │ - │ Tabernacle ││ No │Frame built chapel, without special ventilation. │ - │ Bathurst St. ││ No │Conducted in a wooden chapel. Ventilation indifferent. │ - │ Liberated African ││ — │ —— │ - │ ││ │ │ - │WESTERN AUSTRALIA. ││ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ - │ Annesfield ││ No │Brick house, situated on a hill. Diet: milk, │ - │ ││ │ porridge, bread, meat, vegetables, soup, rice, &c. │ - │ New Norcia ││ Gymnastics│ Diet: bread, meat, tea, rice, vegetables, &c. │ - │ (Benedictines) ││ │ Gymnastics necessary to prevent sickness. │ - │ ││ │ “The idea of bringing savages from their wild state │ - │ ││ │ at once to an advanced civilization serves no other │ - │ ││ │ purpose than that of murdering them.” This out-door │ - │ ││ │ training has been hitherto successful “in preventing │ - │ ││ │ the destructive effects of this error.” │ - │ Sisters of Mercy ││ No │All girls. │ - │ ││ │ │ - │NATAL. ││ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ - │ Infant school, Edendale ││ No │ —— │ - │ Day and Industrial, ││ No │ —— │ - │ Edendale. ││ │ │ - │ New Germany ││ Yes │Room made of wattle and daub. Ventilation good. │ - │ ││ │ Diet: porridge and potatoes. │ - │ St. Michael’s ││ No │Diet regular and simple. │ - │ Ekukanyeni ││ Yes │Room well ventilated. Diet: porridge, meat, and │ - │ ││ │ and coffee. The greatest danger to the children is │ - │ ││ │ to be apprehended from their carelessness about │ - │ ││ │ getting wet with European clothing on them. In their │ - │ ││ │ native state they are used to be wet. And their │ - │ ││ │ bodies are easily warmed and dried at the hut fire. │ - │ ││ │ Thus they care little about rain. And, being exposed │ - │ ││ │ to the sudden storms of a semi-tropical climate, │ - │ ││ │ they are constantly found sitting in wet flannels │ - │ ││ │ and jerseys, and suffer much from coughs and colds. │ - │ ││ │ It cannot be doubted that much pulmonary disease │ - │ ││ │ will thus be generated by the very effort to improve │ - │ ││ │ their condition, unless constant care be taken to │ - │ ││ │ guard against this danger. │ - │ Ifumi Station ││ No │ —— │ - │ Spring Vale ││ No │Room of wattle and daub. Situated on the side │ - │ ││ │ of a hill. Diet: meal, milk, and potatoes. │ - │ Umvoti ││ No │Built of brick, thatched roof, mud floor. │ - │ Kwangubeni ││ No │Held in a chapel. │ - │ Verulam (Wesleyan) ││ Only │Diet: porridge with meat. │ - │ ││ bathing │ │ - │ Indaleni ││ No │Held in a chapel, well ventilated. │ - │ Pietermaritzburg ││ No │ —— │ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table H2, CEYLON. Part 1. │ - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+──────────────────────+ - │ ││ │No. of│ │ School Hours. │ - │ ││ Length of │School│ Annual +────────+──────+──────+ - │ Name of School. ││ School │ Days │ No. of │Instruc-│ │ Out- │ - │ ││ Education.†│ per │Holidays.│ tion. │Play. │ door │ - │ ││ │Week. │ │ │ │ Work.│ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+────────+──────+──────+ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+────────+──────+──────+ - │CEYLON. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Colombo academy ││ 12 to │ 5 │ 2 1/2 │ 5 │ 2 │ None │ - │ ││ 15 years │ │ months │ │ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ and wet │ │ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ weather.│ │ │ │ - │ Galle central school ││ 6 years │ 5 │ 65 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Kandy central school ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 50 days │ 5 1/2 │ 3/4 │ None │ - │ Colombo Pettah English ││ 25 years │ 5 │ 36 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Grand Pass English school ││5 to 8 years│ 5 │ 64 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Negombo Government ││ — │ 5 │ 39 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ boys’ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Caltura English school ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ {33} Pantura boys’ ││5 to 6 years│ 5 │ 45 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ English school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Matura Government ││5 to 6 years│ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ elementary school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kornegalle English ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 63 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Malrandahn Government ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1/2 │ None │ - │ mixed school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Copetty mixed school ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 45 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Kandane ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Mabola mixed school ││5 to 8 years│ 5 │ 64 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Kaigalle mixed school ││ 8 years │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 1/2 │ 1/2 │ 1/2 │ - │ Ratnapoora mixed school ││ 3 years │ 5 │ 61 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Bentotte mixed school ││ 10 years │ 5 │ 66 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Government mixed school at││ 5 years │ 5 │ 40 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Balepitimodera. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Matura boys’ school ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ {34} Matura girls’ school ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Belligam boys’ school ││ 6 years │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1/2 │ None │ - │ Boys’ school, Dondra ││ 3 years │ 5 │ 62 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Oodoovil female boarding ││ 5 years │ 5 │ Thrice │ 7 │ 1 │ 1 │ - │ school. ││ │ │ a year │ │ │ │ - │ Batticotta high school ││ 6 years │ 5 │ 3 months│ 7 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Batticotta training and ││ 2 and 3 │ 5 │ 3 months│ 9 │ 6 │ 1 │ - │ theological school. ││ years │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Galle mixed school ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 65 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Kallowelle mixed ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 65 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Belligam mixed school ││ 6 years │ 5 │ 59 days │ 5 1/2 │ 1/2 │ None │ - │ Hambantotte mixed school ││ — │ 5 │ 59 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Trincomalie, mixed, boys’ ││ 7 years │ 5 │ 46 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kandy mixed school ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1/2 │ None │ - │ Kandy industrial school ││ — │ 5 │ 28 days │ 5 │ 1 │ 6 │ - │ Pitiyagedere ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Madewelletenne ││1 to 4 years│ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Gampola mixed school ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 7 │ None │ None │ - │ Nawelepitiye mixed school ││ — │ 5 │ 41 days │ 6 │ 1 │ None │ - │ {35} Kadugannawa ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Harispattoo mixed school ││1 to 3 years│ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Ambagamuwa mixed school ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Medemahanuwera ││ — │ 5 │ 57 days │ 6 1/2 │ 1/2 │ None │ - │ Odoonuwera mixed school ││ — │ 5 │ 62 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Newera Ellia mixed school ││6 to 7 years│ 5 │ 61 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Badulla mixed ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 50 days │ 4 │ None │ None │ - │ Matelle mixed school ││ 2 to 2 1/2 │ 5 │ 43 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ ││ years │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Odetenne in Matelle ││ — │ 5 │ 43 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Madampe mixed school ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 6 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Putlam mixed school ││ 3 years │ 5 │ 57 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Calpentyn mixed school ││ 6 years │ 5 │ 51 days │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ Mullativoe Government ││ 9 years │ 5 │ 52 days │ 6 │ None │5 min.│ - │ mixed school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Manaar, mixed ││ 7 years │ 5 │ 60 days │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ {36} Anuradhapoora, mixed ││ 2 2/3 years│ 5 │ 64 days │ 7 │ None │ None │ - │ Mattacooly ││ 3 years │ 5 │ 61 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Watelle vernacular boys’ ││3 or 4 years│ 5 │ 49 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Pamanugama vernacular ││ — │ 5 │ 61 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mahawatta ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 63 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Mahare ││ — │ 5 │ 54 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Kohillewatte vernacular ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 45 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kottawa vernacular, boys ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 48 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Slave Island boys’ school ││2 to 4 years│ 5 │ 42 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Milagria ││ — │ 5 │ 40 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Dehiwella ││ — │ 5 │ 40 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Attidiya vernacular school││ 8 years │ 5 │ 45 days │ — │ None │ None │ - │ Weligampittia ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Dandogame ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1/2 │ None │ - │ Seedua ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ {37} Katane ││ — │ 5 │ 54 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Andiamblam vernacular ││ — │ 5 │ 57 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Imbulgodde school ││ — │ 5 │ 59 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Indebetta vernacular boys’││4 or 5 years│ 5 │ 45 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ and girls’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Waragodde vernacular ││ — │ 5 │ 49 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Bandaragama vernacular ││ — │ 5 │ 62 days │ 5 │ 1/2 │ The │ - │ boys’ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ rest.│ - │ Waskaduwa vernacular ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 45 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ boys’ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Katukurunde vernacular ││4 or 5 years│ 5 │ 45 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ boys’ and girls’ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Payagalle, vernacular ││ — │ 5 │ 42 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Barbaryn vernacular school││ — │ 5 │ 62 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Maccoon ││ — │ 5 │ 70 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Dondra vernacular boys’ ││ 3 years │ 5 │ 62 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Parnegame Government ││ 4 3/4 years│ 5 │ 60 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ vernacular boys’ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Passara, Singhalese school││ 4 years │ 5 │ 50 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Badulla, Singhalese ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 50 days │ 4 │ None │ None │ - │ Badulla (Tamil) vernacular││ 5 years │ 5 │ 50 days │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ Paloogame school ││ — │ 5 │ — │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Combalwella ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 1/2 │ 1/4 │ 1/4 │ - │ {38}Matelle (Tamil) school││ 2 years │ 5 │ 43 days │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ Ratotte school ││ — │ 5 │ 43 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Kotmalie, vernacular ││ 4 1/3 years│ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Dummaladeniya of Chilau ││ — │ 5 │ 42 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Calpentyn (Tamil) school ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 51 days │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ Female seminary ││ up to 16 │ 5 │ 63 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Kandy superior girls’ ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 63 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Grand Pass mixed girls’ ││ 4 years │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Borella ││3 to 5 years│ 5 │ 36 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Colpetty girls’ school ││2 to 3 years│ 5 │ 42 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Caltura girls’ mixed ││5 to 8 years│ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ school ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Matura Government girls’ ││ — │ 5 │ 56 days │ 5 │ 1 │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Kottawa, vernacular, girls││ — │ 5 │ 48 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Pantura, mixed, girls ││ — │ 5 │ 60 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ Pantura, vernacular, girls││ — │ 5 │101 days │ 3 to 9 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Government (Tamil) girls’ ││ 5 years │ 5 │ 46 days │ 5 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+──────────────────────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table H2, CEYLON. Part 2. │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ ││ Physical │ │ - │ ││ Education │ │ - │ Name of School. ││(including │ Remarks on State of School, &c. │ - │ ││Gymnastics,│ │ - │ ││ Bathing, │ │ - │ ││Exercise). │ │ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ CEYLON. ││ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ - │ Colombo academy ││ Bathing, │Situation the best that could be selected, and │ - │ ││quoits, &c.│ ventilation good. Principal buildings in bad │ - │ ││ │ repair. School cannot be held in wet weather. │ - │ ││ │ More and better accommodation required. │ - │ Galle central school ││ No │Well ventilated, and situated in the healthiest │ - │ ││ │ part of the town. │ - │ Kandy central school ││ No │The building is constructed at the bottom of a │ - │ ││ │ hill, and damp during wet weather. Ventilation │ - │ ││ │ good. Diet: rice, vegetables, and fish. │ - │ Colombo Pettah English ││ No │Locality of the school-house is very bad, situated │ - │ school. ││ │ in a very noisy, hot, and dusty road. │ - │ Grand Pass English school ││ No │Well ventilated. Situated on the rising ground, │ - │ ││ │ enjoys the benefit of the sea breeze. Diet: │ - │ ││ │ rice, fish, curry, and beef occasionally. │ - │ Negombo Government ││ No │Situated on the plain, bordering the sea shore, │ - │ boys’ school. ││ │ admitting sea breeze freely. │ - │ Caltura English school ││ No │Situated on the left bank of the Kaln Ganga. │ - │ ││ │ Ventilation very satisfactory. │ - │ Pantura boys’ ││ No │Ventilation sufficient. Situated on the bank of │ - │ English school. ││ │ the lake, not far from the sea; district remarkably │ - │ ││ │ salubrious. │ - │ Matura Government ││ No │School-room spacious and airy. Situated near │ - │ elementary school. ││ │ the sea; position healthy. │ - │ Kornegalle English ││ No │ —— │ - │ Malrandahn Government ││ No │School-room is now more commodious and airy; will prove│ - │ mixed school. ││ │ more beneficial to the health of the children. │ - │ Copetty mixed school ││ No │School-room is spacious and airy, situated near │ - │ ││ │ the sea. │ - │ Kandane ││ No │School-room of stone, and well ventilated. Station │ - │ ││ │ generally healthy, except in November │ - │ ││ │ and three following months. “Tobacco much │ - │ ││ │ practised,” with pernicious results. │ - │ Mabola mixed school ││ No │Building consists of two halls, well ventilated. │ - │ ││ │ Diet: rice, fish, beef occasionally. General │ - │ ││ │ health of the children good. │ - │ Kaigalle mixed school ││ No │School an open shed, and considered healthy. │ - │ Ratnapoora mixed school ││ No │Situated in a noisy and filthy position. Mud floors, │ - │ ││ │ dilapidated walls, and want of free ventilation. │ - │ Bentotte mixed school ││ No │ —— │ - │ Government mixed school at││ No │House airy, but not kept clean. No provision │ - │ Balepitimodera. ││ │ made for a sweeper. Boys have materially │ - │ ││ │ suffered in health. │ - │ Matura boys’ school ││ No │School-room is spacious and airy, situated near │ - │ ││ │ the sea. │ - │ Matura girls’ school ││ No │School is situated in a healthy locality, not far │ - │ ││ │ from the sea, and well ventilated. │ - │ Belligam boys’ school ││ No │Situated in a salubrious part of the town. │ - │ Boys’ school, Dondra ││ No │Situated near the sea, in a salubrious locality. │ - │ Oodoovil female boarding ││ Bathing │School-room and dormitories well ventilated. │ - │ school. ││ │ Health of pupils generally good. │ - │ Batticotta high school ││ No │House well ventilated. Diet simple. Climate │ - │ ││ │ generally healthy. │ - │ Batticotta training and ││ No │Rooms well ventilated. │ - │ theological school. ││ │ │ - │ Galle mixed school ││ No │Building sufficiently ventilated, but rather damp. │ - │ ││ │ Situated in the healthiest part of the town. │ - │ Kallowelle mixed ││ No │Building is commodious and well ventilated. │ - │ ││ │ Situated in a healthy locality. │ - │ Belligam mixed school ││ No │Situated in a salubrious part of the town. │ - │ Hambantotte mixed school ││ No │Situated in a healthy locality; enjoys the benefit │ - │ ││ │ of sea breeze. │ - │ Trincomalie, mixed, boys’ ││ No │School is built in a healthy place. │ - │ school. ││ │ │ - │ Kandy mixed school ││ No │Situated in a healthy locality. Room is large │ - │ ││ │ and well ventilated. Diet: rice and vegetables. │ - │ Kandy industrial school ││Bathing and│Diet: rice, milk, curries, and vegetables. │ - │ ││ drill. │ │ - │ Pitiyagedere ││ No │ —— │ - │ Madewelletenne ││ No │Situated in a healthy locality. │ - │ Gampola mixed school ││ No │Situated in the heart of the town. School consists │ - │ ││ │ of one large hall. Ventilation free. │ - │ Nawelepitiye mixed school ││ No │School built on an elevation. Well ventilated. │ - │ Kadugannawa ││ No │The school walls are constructed of mud; roof │ - │ ││ │ thatched with cadjans. │ - │ Harispattoo mixed school ││ No │School is built in a healthy locality. │ - │ Ambagamuwa mixed school ││ No │School is built on an elevated place, and freely │ - │ ││ │ ventilated. │ - │ Medemahanuwera ││ No │ —— │ - │ Odoonuwera mixed school ││ No │Situated on a rock in the centre of a range of │ - │ ││ │ paddy fields. Building open, surrounded by a │ - │ ││ │ parapet wall. │ - │ Newera Ellia mixed school ││ No │ —— │ - │ Badulla mixed ││ No │Situated in the town. Surrounded by buildings, │ - │ ││ │ which prevent ventilation. Injurious to the children.│ - │ Matelle mixed school ││ No │ —— │ - │ Odetenne in Matelle ││ No │School is an open shed; airy, and not crowded. │ - │ Madampe mixed school ││ No │Situated near the high road, opposite a large │ - │ ││ │ field and the lake. │ - │ Putlam mixed school ││ No │District is proverbial for its febriferous climate. │ - │ ││ │ Pupils are of impaired health from periodic │ - │ ││ │ fevers. They also suffer from catarrh, ophthalmia, │ - │ ││ │ diarrhœa, and dysentery: cholera occasionally, │ - │ ││ │ and the school is shut up. │ - │ Calpentyn mixed school ││ No │Pupils have been suffering from repeated attacks │ - │ ││ │ of fever. Fever is peculiar to this country. │ - │ Mullativoe Government ││ No │ —— │ - │ mixed school. ││ │ │ - │ Manaar, mixed ││ No │Situated in the heart of the town. Construction │ - │ ││ │ good. Ventilation free. │ - │ Anuradhapoora, mixed ││ No │School-room has plenty of ventilation, and its │ - │ ││ │ construction and position are tolerably good. │ - │ Mattacooly ││ No │House is a tile-roofed building, well ventilated. │ - │ Watelle vernacular boys’ ││ No │Construction, mud walls and cadjan roof. Position │ - │ school. ││ │ airy and slightly elevated. Ventilation ample. │ - │ Pamanugama vernacular ││ No │School-room is well erected. │ - │ school. ││ │ │ - │ Mahawatta ││ No │Healthy place. │ - │ Mahare ││ No │ —— │ - │ Kohillewatte vernacular ││ No │School is a large tile-roofed bungalow, situated │ - │ school. ││ │ on the bank of the Kalany Ganga; is well │ - │ ││ │ ventilated. Diet: rice, fish, and curry. │ - │ Kottawa vernacular, boys ││ No │Construction, mud walls and cadjan roof. Position │ - │ ││ │ high. Ventilation free. Diet: rice, │ - │ ││ │ yams, vegetables, fish, and grains. │ - │ Slave Island boys’ school ││ No │School-room is spacious but not airy. │ - │ Milagria ││ No │School is a fine open building, situated in a very │ - │ ││ │ nice healthy and airy locality. │ - │ Dehiwella ││ No │ —— │ - │ Attidiya vernacular school││ No │School is a large roofed building, having a │ - │ ││ │ parapet wall round it. │ - │ Weligampittia ││ No │School-room is well ventilated. Cold fever, │ - │ ││ │ sore eyes, and dysentery prevail to a great extent. │ - │ Dandogame ││ No │ —— │ - │ Seedua ││ No │ —— │ - │ Katane ││ No │ —— │ - │ Andiamblam vernacular ││ No │ —— │ - │ school. ││ │ │ - │ Imbulgodde school ││ No │ —— │ - │ Indebetta vernacular boys’││ No │Bungalow construction, situated near a lake, │ - │ and girls’ school ││ │ which affords a gentle breeze. │ - │ Waragodde vernacular ││ No │Construction, mud walls and cadjan roof. Position │ - │ school. ││ │ airy and slightly elevated. │ - │ Bandaragama vernacular ││ No │School-house is a poor building, situated in an │ - │ boys’ school ││ │ interior village. Children enjoy good health. │ - │ Waskaduwa vernacular ││ No │Building is a cadjan thatched open bungalow, │ - │ boys’ school. ││ │ giving full light and ventilation. Locality healthy. │ - │ Katukurunde vernacular ││ No │Bungalow construction, situated near the sea; │ - │ boys’ and girls’ school. ││ │ enjoys a gentle breeze during the day. │ - │ Payagalle, vernacular ││ No │ —— │ - │ Barbaryn vernacular school││ No │School is unhealthy, being too close to the sea. │ - │ Maccoon ││ No │ —— │ - │ Dondra vernacular boys’ ││ No │ —— │ - │ school. ││ │ │ - │ Parnegame Government ││ No │Want of a school-room much felt. │ - │ vernacular boys’ school. ││ │ │ - │ Passara, Singhalese school││ No │ —— │ - │ Badulla, Singhalese ││ No │ —— │ - │ Badulla (Tamil) vernacular││ No │ —— │ - │ Paloogame school ││ No │No school. School “is not yet built up.” │ - │ Combalwella ││ No │School is situated in a healthy part of the village. │ - │ Matelle (Tamil) school ││ No │ —— │ - │ Ratotte school ││ No │School is an open shed, airy and not crowded. │ - │ Kotmalie, vernacular ││ No │ —— │ - │ Dummaladeniya of Chilau ││ No │ —— │ - │ Calpentyn (Tamil) school ││ No │ —— │ - │ Female seminary ││ No │ —— │ - │ Kandy superior girls’ ││ No │ —— │ - │ school. ││ │ │ - │ Grand Pass mixed girls’ ││ No │School is a cadjan-roofed bungalow, situated in │ - │ school. ││ │ a garden; well ventilated. Diet: rice, curry, │ - │ ││ │ fish, and vegetables. │ - │ Borella ││ No │School is a fine building, situated in a healthy │ - │ ││ │ place. │ - │ Colpetty girls’ school ││ No │School-room is spacious and airy. │ - │ Caltura girls’ mixed ││ No │Construction: built of cabook. Position: │ - │ school ││ │ situated on the left bank of the Kaln Ganga. │ - │ ││ │ Ventilation satisfactory. │ - │ Matura Government girls’ ││ No │ —— │ - │ school. ││ │ │ - │ Kottawa, vernacular, girls││ No │Constructed of mud. Situation high. Ventilation │ - │ ││ │ free. Diet: rice, yams, vegetables, fish, &c. │ - │ Pantura, mixed, girls ││ No │School is an open building. │ - │ Pantura, vernacular, girls││ No │ —— │ - │ Government (Tamil) girls’ ││ No │School is situated in a most salubrious place. │ - │ school. ││ │ Ventilation free, and the children’s health │ - │ ││ │ good. │ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table H3, CANADA. Part 1. │ - +─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+──────────────────────+ - │ ││ │No. of│ │ School Hours. │ - │ ││ Length of │School│ Annual +────────+──────+──────+ - │ Name of School. ││ School │ Days │ No. of │Instruc-│ │ Out- │ - │ ││ Education.†│ per │Holidays.│ tion. │Play. │ door │ - │ ││ │Week. │ │ │ │ Work.│ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+────────+──────+──────+ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+────────+──────+──────+ - │{39} CANADA. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Saugeeng ││6 to 8 years│ 5 │ None │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ Snake Island ││ 8 to 10 │ 5 1/2│ None │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ ││ years │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rice Lake ││5 or 6 years│ 5 │ 7 days │ — │ None │ None │ - │ Chemong or Mud Lake ││5 or 6 years│ 5 │ 35 days │ 5 1/2 │ None │ 2 │ - │ Alnwick industrial school ││ — │ 5 │ — │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ New England, co. Mohawk ││ — │ 5 │ 28 days │ 6 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Mohawk ││ — │ 5 │ 28 days │ 6 │ 1 │ None │ - │ Mohawk Institution ││5 or 6 years│ 5 1/2│ 40 days │ 6 │ 2 │ 4 │ - │ Manitowaning ││4 to 5 years│ 5 1/2│ 7 days │ 4 │ None │ None │ - │ Wikwemikong ││5 to 7 years│ 5 1/2│ 7 days │ 7 │ 10 │ None │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ min- │ │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ utes.│ │ - │ St. Clair common day ││ — │ 5 │ 14 days │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Walpole Island common ││ 6 to 15 │ 5 │ 28 days │ 6 │ None │ None │ - │ school. ││ years │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Mount Elgin ││5 to 6 years│ 5 1/2│ 7 days │ 4 1/2 │ 3 │ 3 │ - +───────────────────────────++────────────+──────+─────────+──────────────────────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Sub-table H3, CANADA. Part 2. │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ ││ Physical │ │ - │ ││ Education │ │ - │ Name of School. ││(including │ Remarks on State of School, &c. │ - │ ││Gymnastics,│ │ - │ ││ Bathing, │ │ - │ ││Exercise). │ │ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │CANADA. ││ │ │ - │ ││ │ │ - │ Saugeeng ││ No │Wooden frame building. Position, airy and healthy. │ - │ Snake Island ││ No │A frame building in a good airy position, well │ - │ ││ │ ventilated, on the borders of a lake. │ - │ Rice Lake ││ No │A frame building in an airy situation, well ventilated.│ - │ Chemong or Mud Lake ││ No │School house commodious and well ventilated. │ - │ Alnwick industrial school ││ No │Brick building properly ventilated. Position elevated │ - │ ││ │ Diet: soups, vegetables, meats, and bread. │ - │ New England, co. Mohawk ││ No │Children healthy. │ - │ Mohawk ││ No │ —— │ - │ Mohawk Institution ││ Yes │Brick building, well ventilated, situated in a │ - │ ││ │ healthy position. Diet: bread, meat, vegetables, │ - │ ││ │ corn meal, milk, butter, and soup. │ - │ Manitowaning ││ No │ —— │ - │ Wikwemikong ││ Yes │ —— │ - │ St. Clair common day ││ No │ —— │ - │ school. ││ │ │ - │ Walpole Island common ││ No │Situated on the River Pont. Island damp. │ - │ school. ││ │ │ - │ Mount Elgin ││ No │Children remarkably healthy. Institution stands │ - │ ││ │ in an elevated position on the banks of the │ - │ ││ │ River Thames. Sleeping apartments well ventilated. │ - │ ││ │ Diet: plain and wholesome. │ - +───────────────────────────++───────────+───────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - - † In many instances this question has been misinterpreted as meaning - the number of hours of instruction, and has been so filled up. - - -{40} - -I. CAPE COAST. COLONIAL HOSPITAL. - -Of the Admissions into Hospitals, the proportion per cent. who died and -who recovered during One Year, 1857–1858. - - ──────────────────────────────────────────────+───────────+──────────+ - │ All Ages. - +───────────+──────────+ - —— │ Died in │ Recovered. - │ Hospital. │ - +───────────+──────────+ - │ M. and F. │ M. and F. - ──────────────────────────────────────────────+───────────+──────────+ - All diseases │ 4·3 │ 87·0 - │ │ - Variola │ — │ — - Dysenteria │ — │ 100·0 - Diarrhœa │ — │ — - Cholera biliosa or Cholera spasmodica │ — │ — - Periodic fevers │ — │ 100·0 - Continued fevers │ — │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or Rheumatismus chronicus │ — │ 100·0 - Scrofula or Phthisis or Hæmoptysis │ — │ — - Brain and nervous system │ 50·0 │ 50·0 - Chest diseases │ — │ — - Liver diseases │ 50·0 │ — - ──────────────────────────────────────────────+───────────+──────────+ - -NOTE.―In some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the -deaths + the recoveries; in calculating the per-centages the aggregate -of the deaths and recoveries (D. + R.) were in these instances regarded -as the number of admissions. - -In instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach 100 -per cent, the observations have been very few. - - -K. CAPE COAST. COLONIAL HOSPITAL. - - ──────────────────────────────────────────────+──────────────+────────────────+──────────────+ - │Proportion of │ Proportion of │ Proportion of - │ Deaths from │ Admissions │ Deaths from - │each Cause to │ from each │ each Cause to - —— │100 Admissions│ Cause to 100 │100 Deaths from - │ from each │ Admissions │ all Causes. - │ Cause. │from all Causes.│ - +──────────────+────────────────+──────────────+ - │ M. and F. │ M. and F. │ M. and F. - ──────────────────────────────────────────────+──────────────+────────────────+──────────────+ - All causes │ 4·3 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 - │ │ │ - Variola │ — │ — │ — - Dysenteria │ — │ 4·7 │ — - Diarrhœa │ — │ — │ — - Cholera biliosa or Cholera spasmodica │ — │ — │ — - Periodic fevers │ — │ 2·4 │ — - Continued fevers │ — │ — │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or Rheumatismus chronicus │ — │ 2·4 │ — - Scrofula or Phthisis or Hæmoptysis │ — │ — │ — - Brain and nervous system │ 50·0 │ 4·8 │ 50·0 - Chest diseases │ — │ — │ — - Liver diseases │ 50·0 │ 2·4 │ 50·0 - Other diseases │ — │ 83·3 │ — - ──────────────────────────────────────────────+──────────────+────────────────+──────────────+ - -NOTE.―The deaths + recoveries have been taken as the admissions in -making these calculations. - - -{41} - -L. FREETOWN, SIERRA LEONE. COLONIAL MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. - -Of the Admissions into Hospitals, the Proportion per cent. who died and -who recovered during Five Years, 1855 to 1860. - - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table L, Part 1 │ - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +─────────────────────────++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ ││ All Ages. │ Under 5 Years. │ 5 and under 15 Years. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +─────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 20·3 │ 18·6 │ 79·2 │ 74·9 │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ 10·3 │ 25·0 │ 81·2 │ 75·0 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ 26·2 │ 7·0 │ 72·8 │ 93·0 │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ 13·5 │ 1·7 │ 86·5 │ 98·3 │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 16·7 │ 83·3 │ 83·3 │ 13·9 │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ 90·9 │ — │ 9·1 │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ 25·0 │ — │ 75·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 16·7 │ — │ 83·3 │ 50·0 │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ 14·8 │ — │ 84·6 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 25·0 │ — │ 75·0 │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ 16·7 │ — │ 83·3 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus││ 5·6 │ 28·6 │ 92·6 │ 71·4 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ 19·7 │ 10·0 │ 80·3 │ 75·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ 66·6 │ - │ Brain and nervous system││ 40·0 │ 42·2 │ 48·3 │ 48·9 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Chest diseases ││ 18·0 │ — │ 60·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 16·7 │ — │ 58·3 │100·0 │ - │ Liver diseases ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +─────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table L, Part 2 │ - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +─────────────────────────++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ ││ 15 and under 40 Years. │ 40 and upwards. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +─────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 21·3 │ 13·2 │ 78·7 │ 69·5 │ 20·6 │ 8·7 │ 47·1 │ 13·0 │ - │ Variola ││ 28·6 │ 14·8 │ 70·6 │ 74·1 │ 33·3 │ — │ 66·7 │100·0 │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 12·0 │ — │ 88·0 │ 66·0 │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ 30·0 │ — │ 70·0 │ 50·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ 11·7 │ — │ 85·4 │ — │ 26·7 │ — │ 73·3 │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ 16·7 │ — │ 83·3 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus││ 4·0 │ 28·6 │ 96·0 │ 71·4 │ 33·3 │ — │ 33·3 │ — │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ 20·7 │ 11·8 │ 79·3 │ 76·5 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Brain and nervous system││ 40·2 │ 41·9 │ 48·0 │ 51·2 │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ - │ Chest diseases ││ 19·2 │ — │ 61·5 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Liver diseases ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +─────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - -NOTE.―In some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the -deaths + the recoveries; in calculating the per-centages the aggregate -of the deaths and recoveries (D. + R.) were in these instances regarded -as the number of admissions. - -In instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach 100 -per cent. the observations have been very few. - - -{42} - -M. FREETOWN, SIERRA LEONE. COLONIAL MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. - - ─────────────────────────+─────────────────+─────────────────+────────────────── - │ Proportion of │ Proportion of │ Proportion of - │ Deaths from each│ Admissions from │ Deaths from each - │ Cause to 100 │ each Cause to │ Cause to 100 - —— │ Admissions from │ 100 Admissions │ Deaths from all - │ each Cause. │ from all Causes.│ Causes. - +────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+───────── - │ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females. - ─────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+───────── - All causes │ 20·3 │ 18·6 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 - │ │ │ │ │ │ - Variola │ 26·2 │ 7·0 │ 15·6 │ 19·4 │ 20·4 │ 6·8 - Dysenteria │ 16·7 │ 83·3 │ 2·9 │ 8·0 │ 2·4 │ 34·0 - Diarrhœa │ 25·0 │ — │ ·9 │ ·5 │ 1·0 │ — - Cholera biliosa or │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Cholera spasmodica │ │ │ │ │ │ - Periodic fevers │ 14·8 │ — │ 26·2 │ — │ 19·0 │ — - Continued fevers │ 16·7 │ — │ ·4 │ ·2 │ ·3 │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or │ 5·6 │ 28·6 │ 2·9 │ 1·6 │ ·8 │ 2·3 - Rheumatismus chronicus│ │ │ │ │ │ - Scrofula or Phthisis or │ 19·7 │ 10·0 │ 3·3 │ 3·8 │ 3·2 │ 2·3 - Hæmoptysis │ │ │ │ │ │ - Brain and nervous system │ 40·0 │ 42·2 │ 5·7 │ 9·2 │ 12·7 │ 21·6 - Chest diseases │ 18·0 │ — │ 2·1 │ 1·1 │ 2·4 │ — - Liver diseases │ — │ — │ ·1 │ — │ — │ — - Other diseases │ 19·3 │ 11·6 │ 39·9 │ 56·2 │ 37·8 │ 33·0 - ─────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+───────── - -NOTE.―The deaths + recoveries have been taken as the admissions in -making these calculations. - - -{43} - -N. KAFFRARIA. KING WILLIAM’S TOWN HOSPITALS. - -Of the Admissions into Hospitals, the Proportion per Cent. who died and -who recovered during Four Months, 1858. - - ──────────────────────────+───────────+─────────── - │ All Ages. - +───────────+─────────── - │ Died in │ Recovered. - —— │ Hospital. │ - +───────────+─────────── - │ Male and │ Male and - │ Female. │ Female. - ──────────────────────────+───────────+─────────── - All diseases │ 21·8 │ 78·2 - │ │ - Variola │ — │ — - Dysenteria │ 10·0 │ 90·0 - Diarrhœa │ — │ 100·0 - Cholera biliosa or │ — │ — - Cholera spasmodica │ │ - Periodic fevers │ — │ — - Continued fevers │ — │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or │ — │ — - Rheumatismus chronicus │ │ - Scrofula or Phthisis or │ 70·6 │ 29·4 - Hæmoptysis │ │ - Brain and nervous system │ — │ — - Chest diseases │ 50·0 │ 50·0 - Liver diseases │ — │ — - ──────────────────────────+───────────+─────────── - -NOTE.―In some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the -deaths + the recoveries; in calculating the per-centages, the aggregate -of the deaths and recoveries (D. + R.) were in these instances regarded -as the number of admissions. - -In instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach 100 -per cent., the observations have been very few. - - -O. KAFFRARIA. KING WILLIAM’S TOWN HOSPITALS. - - ──────────────────────────+──────────────+────────────────+─────────────── - │Proportion of │ Proportion of │ Proportion of - │ Deaths from │ Admissions │ Deaths from - │each Cause to │ from each │ each Cause to - —— │100 Admissions│ Cause to 100 │100 Deaths from - │ from each │ Admissions │ all Causes. - │ Cause. │from all Causes.│ - +──────────────+────────────────+─────────────── - │ M. and F. │ M. and F. │ M. and F. - ──────────────────────────+──────────────+────────────────+─────────────── - All causes │ 21·8 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 - │ │ │ - Variola │ — │ — │ — - Dysenteria │ 10·0 │ 12·8 │ 6· - Diarrhœa │ — │ 3·9 │ — - Cholera biliosa or │ — │ — │ — - Cholera spasmodica │ │ │ - Periodic fevers │ — │ — │ — - Continued fevers │ — │ — │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or │ — │ — │ — - Rheumatismus chronicus │ │ │ - Scrofula or Phthisis or │ 70·6 │ 21·8 │ 70·6 - Hæmoptysis │ │ │ - Brain and nervous system │ — │ — │ — - Chest diseases │ 50·0 │ 5·1 │ 11·7 - Liver diseases │ — │ — │ — - Other diseases │ 4·5 │ 56·4 │ 11·7 - ──────────────────────────+──────────────+────────────────+─────────────── - -NOTE.―The deaths-recoveries have been taken as the admissions in making -these calculations. - - -{44} - -P. NATAL. D’URBAN HOSPITAL AND GREY’S HOSPITAL. - -Of the Admissions into Hospitals, the Proportion per Cent. who died and -who recovered during Five Years, 1855–1860. - - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table P, Part 1 │ - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +─────────────────────────++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ ││ All Ages. │ Under 5 Years. │ 5 and under 15 Years. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +─────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 12·8 │ 6·6 │ 79·7 │ 73·3 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ 25·5 │ — │ 75·0 │ — │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 9·1 │100·0 │ 90·9 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ 33·3 │ — │ 66·7 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system││ — │ — │ 70·0 │ 25·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Chest diseases ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Liver diseases ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +─────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table P, Part 2 │ - +──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +─────────────────────────++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ ││ 15 and under 40 Years. │ 40 and upwards. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +─────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 11·0 │ — │ 81·1 │ 78·6 │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 9·1 │ — │ 90·9 │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ 33·3 │ — │ 66·7 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system││ — │ — │ 70·0 │ 25·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Chest diseases ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Liver diseases ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +─────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - -NOTE.―In some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the -deaths + the recoveries; in calculating the per-centages, the aggregate -of the deaths and recoveries (D. + R.) were in these instances regarded -as the number of admissions. - -In instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach 100 -per cent., the observations have been very few. - - -{45} - -Q. NATAL. D’URBAN HOSPITAL AND GREY’S HOSPITAL. - - ──────────────────────────+─────────────────+─────────────────+────────────────── - │ Proportion of │ Proportion of │ Proportion of - │Deaths from each │ Admissions from │ Deaths from each - │ Cause to 100 │each Cause to 100│ Cause to 100 - —— │Admissions from │ Admissions │ Deaths from all - │ each Cause. │ from all Causes.│ Causes. - +────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+───────── - │ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females. - ──────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+───────── - All causes │ 12·8 │ 6·6 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 - │ │ │ │ │ │ - Variola │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Dysenteria │ 9·1 │ 100·0 │ 9·0 │ 8·3 │ 6·0 │ 100·0 - Diarrhœa │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Cholera biliosa or │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Cholera spasmodica │ │ │ │ │ │ - Periodic fevers │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Continued fevers │ — │ — │ 17·0 │ — │ 41·1 │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or │ — │ — │ 3·2 │ — │ — │ — - Rheumatismus chronicus │ │ │ │ │ │ - Scrofula or Phthisis or │ 100·0 │ — │ ·8 │ — │ — │ — - Hæmoptysis │ │ │ │ │ │ - Brain and nervous system │ — │ — │ 5·7 │ 8·3 │ — │ — - Chest diseases │ — │ — │ 3·3 │ — │ — │ — - Liver diseases │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Other diseases │ 12·0 │ — │ 61·0 │ 83·4 │ 52·9 │ — - ──────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+───────── - -NOTE―The deaths + recoveries have been taken as the admissions in -making these calculations. - -In instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach 100 -per cent. the observations have been very few. - - -{46} - -R. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. POONINDIE NATIVE TRAINING INSTITUTION. - -Of the Admissions into Hospital, the Proportion per Cent. who died and -who recovered, during the 4 3/4 Years, 1856–60. - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table R, Part 1 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+ - │ ││ All Ages. │ Under 5 Years. │ 5 and under 15 Years. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ ││ Died in │ Recovered. │ Died in │ Recovered. │ Died in │ Recovered. │ - │ —— ││ Hospital. │ │ Hospital. │ │ Hospital. │ │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 15·9 │ 30·9 │ 84·1 │ 69·1 │ 50·0 │ 44·4 │ 50·0 │ 55·6 │ — │ 37·5 │100·0 │ 62·5 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Dysenteria ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ 70·0 │ 81·2 │ 30·0 │ 18·8 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system ││100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Chest diseases ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Liver diseases ││ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table R, Part 2 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+ - │ ││ 15 and under 40 Years. │ 40 and upwards. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ ││ Died in │ Recovered. │ Died in │ Recovered. │ - │ —— ││ Hospital. │ │ Hospital. │ │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 17·5 │ 27·5 │ 82·5 │ 72·5 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Dysenteria ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ 70·0 │ 77·0 │ 30·0 │ 23·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system ││100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Chest diseases ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Liver diseases ││ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - -NOTE.―In some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the -deaths + the recoveries; in calculating the per-centages, the aggregate -of the deaths and recoveries (D. + R.) were in these instances regarded -as the number of admissions. - -In instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach 100 -per cent, the observations have been very few. - - -{47} - -S. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. POONINDIE NATIVE TRAINING INSTITUTION. - - ───────────────────────────+─────────────────+─────────────────+───────────────── - │ Proportion of │ Proportion of │ Proportion of - │Deaths from each │ Admissions from │Deaths from each - │ Cause to 100 │each Cause to 100│ Cause to 100 - —— │ Admissions from │ Admissions │ Deaths from all - │ each cause. │ from all causes.│ Causes. - +────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - │ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females. - ───────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - All ages │ 15·9 │ 30·9 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 - │ │ │ │ │ │ - Variola │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Dysenteria │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Diarrhœa │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Cholera biliosa or │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Cholera spasmodica │ │ │ │ │ │ - Periodic fevers │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Continued fevers │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or │ — │ — │ 4·1 │ — │ — │ — - Rheumatismus chronicus │ │ │ │ │ │ - Scrofula or Phthisis or │ 70·0 │ 81·2 │ 15·9 │ 23·5 │ 69·6 │ 61·9 - Hæmoptysis │ │ │ │ │ │ - Brain and nervous system │ 100·0 │ — │ 2·1 │ — │ 13·0 │ — - Chest diseases │ — │ — │ 3·4 │ — │ — │ — - Liver diseases │ — │ — │ 2·8 │ 1·5 │ — │ — - Other diseases │ 3·8 │ — │ 71·7 │ 75·0 │ 17·4 │ 38·1 - ───────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - -NOTE.―The deaths + recoveries have been taken as the admissions in -making these calculations. - -In instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach 100 -per cent. the observations have been very few. - - -{48} - -T. MAURITIUS. CIVIL HOSPITAL, PORT LOUIS. - -Of the Admissions into Hospital, the Proportion per Cent. who died and -who recovered, during the Six Years, 1855–60. - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table T, Part 1 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+ - │ ││ All Ages. │ Under 5 Years. │ 5 and under 15 years. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │All diseases ││ 21·3 │ 38·8 │ 78·7 │ 61·2 │ 42·5 │ 36·4 │ 57·5 │ 63·6 │ 26·2 │ 27·7 │ 73·8 │ 72·3 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Influenza ││ 31·4 │ 20·0 │ 68·6 │ 80·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ 33·3 │ — │ 66·7 │100·0 │ - │ Ophthalmia ││ 5·3 │ 16·7 │ 94·7 │ 83·3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 40·7 │ 75·0 │ 59·3 │ 25·0 │ 71·4 │100·0 │ 28·6 │ — │ 44·4 │ — │ 55·6 │100·0 │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ 37·7 │ 61·7 │ 62·3 │ 38·3 │ 53·8 │ 40·0 │ 46·2 │ 60·0 │ 52·2 │ 50·0 │ 47·8 │ 50·0 │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ 62·0 │ 63·6 │ 38·0 │ 36·4 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ 61·6 │ 33·3 │ 38·4 │ 66·7 │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ 25·0 │ — │ 25·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ 14·6 │ 27·8 │ 85·4 │ 72·2 │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ 7·9 │ — │ 92·1 │100·0 │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus ││ 11·9 │ 33·3 │ 88·1 │ 66·7 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Syphilitic diseases ││ 4·3 │ 16·7 │ 95·7 │ 83·3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ - │ Anasarca ││ 59·5 │ 60·6 │ 40·5 │ 39·4 │ 50·0 │ — │ 50·0 │100·0 │ 21·4 │ 50·0 │ 78·6 │ 50·0 │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ 57·1 │ 72·7 │ 42·9 │ 27·3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 40·0 │ — │ 60·0 │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system ││ 36·9 │ 26·7 │ 63·1 │ 73·3 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 71·4 │ — │ 28·6 │ — │ - │ Chest diseases ││ 29·2 │ 50·0 │ 70·8 │ 50·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Fractura ││ 24·0 │ 13·6 │ 76·0 │ 86·4 │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ 27·3 │ — │ 72·7 │100·0 │ - │ Liver diseases ││ 31·6 │ — │ 68·4 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table T, Part 2 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+ - │ ││ 15 and under 40 Years. │ 40 and upwards. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │All diseases ││ 18·4 │ 36·3 │ 81·6 │ 63·7 │ 38·7 │ 61·9 │ 61·3 │ 38·1 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │100.0 │ — │ - │ Influenza ││ 25·7 │ 50·0 │ 74·3 │ 50·0 │ 46·4 │ — │ 53·6 │100·0 │ - │ Ophthalmia ││ 5·4 │ — │ 94·6 │100·0 │ 5·6 │ — │ 94·4 │ — │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 36·3 │ 71·4 │ 63·7 │ 28·6 │ 56·6 │100·0 │ 43·4 │ — │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ 34·2 │ 64·6 │ 65·8 │ 35·4 │ 55·8 │ 57·1 │ 44·2 │ 42·9 │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ 57·3 │ 64·7 │ 42·7 │ 35·3 │ 84·0 │100·0 │ 16·0 │ — │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ 27·3 │ — │ 72·7 │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ 13·1 │ 29·0 │ 86·9 │ 71·0 │ 32·1 │ 50·0 │ 67·9 │ 50·0 │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus ││ 9·8 │ 29·2 │ 90·2 │ 70·8 │ 24·5 │ 50·0 │ 75·5 │ 50·0 │ - │ Syphilitic diseases ││ 3·7 │ 17·5 │ 96·3 │ 82·5 │ 12·1 │ — │ 87·9 │ — │ - │ Anasarca ││ 59·2 │ 60·9 │ 40·8 │ 39·1 │ 67·1 │100·0 │ 32·9 │ — │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ 54·5 │ 66·7 │ 45·5 │ 33·3 │ 71·0 │100·0 │ 29·0 │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system ││ 31·2 │ 10·0 │ 68·8 │ 90·0 │ 47·9 │ 60·0 │ 52·1 │ 40·0 │ - │ Chest diseases ││ 24·7 │ 50·0 │ 75·3 │ 50·0 │ 45·0 │ 50·0 │ 55·0 │ 50·0 │ - │ Fractura ││ 22·5 │ 33·3 │ 77·5 │ 66·7 │ 30·2 │ — │ 69·8 │100·0 │ - │ Liver diseases ││ 27·7 │ — │ 72·3 │100·0 │ 50·0 │ — │ 50·0 │ — │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - -NOTE.―In some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the -deaths + the recoveries; in calculating the per-centages the aggregate -of the deaths and recoveries (D. + R.) were in these instances regarded -as the number of admissions. - - -{49} - -U. MAURITIUS. CIVIL HOSPITAL, PORT LOUIS. - - ─────────────────────────+─────────────────+─────────────────+───────────────── - │ Proportion of │ Proportion of │ Proportion of - │Deaths from each │ Admissions from │Deaths from each - —— │ Cause to 100 │each Cause to 100│ Cause to 100 - │ Admissions from │ Admissions from │ Deaths from all - │ each Cause. │ all Causes. │ Causes. - +────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - │ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females. - ─────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - All Causes │ 21·3 │ 38·8 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 - │ │ │ │ │ │ - Variola │ — │ — │ ·1 │ — │ — │ — - Dysenteria │ 40·7 │ 75·0 │ 5·7 │ 6·4 │ 10·9 │ 12·4 - Diarrhœa │ 37·7 │ 61·7 │ 10·1 │ 14·5 │ 18·0 │ 23·0 - Cholera biliosa or │ │ │ │ │ │ - Cholera spasmodica │ 62·0 │ 63·6 │ 4·3 │ 3·9 │ 12·5 │ 6·5 - Periodic fevers │ 25·0 │ — │ ·1 │ — │ ·1 │ — - Continued fevers │ 14·6 │ 27·8 │ 12·7 │ 6·4 │ 8·8 │ 4·6 - Rheumatismus acutus or │ │ │ │ │ │ - Rheumatismus chronicus│ 11·9 │ 33·3 │ 8·3 │ 1·1 │ 4·6 │ 1·4 - Scrofula or Phthisis or │ 57·1 │ 72·7 │ 3·3 │ 2·1 │ 8·7 │ 3·7 - Hæmoptysis │ │ │ │ │ │ - Brain and nervous system │ 36·9 │ 26·7 │ 3·5 │ 2·7 │ 6·1 │ 1·9 - Chest diseases │ 29·2 │ 50·0 │ 2·7 │ 1·4 │ 3·6 │ 1·8 - Liver diseases │ 31·6 │ — │ ·5 │ ·3 │ ·7 │ — - Other diseases │ 11·4 │ 28·4 │ 48·7 │ 61·2 │ 26·0 │ 44·7 - ─────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - -NOTE.―The deaths + recoveries have been taken as the admissions in -making these calculations. - - -{50} - -V. SINGHALESE HOSPITALS. COLOMBO AND MALABAR. - -Of the Admissions into Hospitals, the Proportion per Cent. who died and -who recovered, during Four Years, 1855–59. - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table V, Part 1 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+ - │ ││ All Ages. │ Under 5 Years. │ 5 and under 15 Years. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 20·7 │ 18·1 │ 84·0 │ 80·4 │ 6·1 │ 6·6 │ 93·9 │ 93·4 │17·3 │ 10·6 │ 82·7 │ 88·3 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ 11·2 │ 9·9 │ 88·8 │ 90·1 │ 10·0 │ 6·7 │ 90·0 │ 93·3 │ 4·3 │ 4·2 │ 95·7 │ 95·8 │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 49·0 │ 54·1 │ 51·0 │ 45·9 │ — │ 25·0 │100·0 │ 75·0 │ 40·8 │ 38·1 │ 59·2 │ 61·9 │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ 30·9 │ 52·3 │ 68·5 │ 47·7 │ 20·0 │ 20·0 │ 80·0 │ 80·0 │ 62·5 │ 26·7 │ 37·5 │ 73·3 │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ 45·6 │ 70·0 │ 54·4 │ 30·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ 1·7 │ 0·8 │ 98·3 │ 99·2 │ 2·9 │ — │ 97·2 │100·0 │ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ - │ Continued fevers ││ 2·3 │ — │ 97·7 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 33·4 │ — │ 66·6 │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus ││ 2·0 │ 1·9 │ 98·2 │ 98·1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ 15·2 │ 29·4 │ 84·8 │ 70·6 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system ││ 12·6 │ 12·6 │ 76·3 │ 58·6 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ 33·3 │ - │ Chest diseases ││ 20·7 │ 24·2 │ 79·3 │ 72·7 │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Liver diseases ││ 12·0 │ 33·3 │ 88·0 │ 66·7 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table V, Part 2 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+ - │ ││ 15 and under 40 Years. │ 40 and upwards. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 12·9 │ 17·0 │ 86·6 │ 81·8 │ 25·6 │ 24·8 │ 74·4 │ 72·6 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ 13·0 │ 7·9 │ 87·0 │ 92·1 │ 14·3 │ 26·5 │ 85·7 │ 73·5 │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 43·3 │ 51·8 │ 56·7 │ 48·2 │ 62·9 │ 62·6 │ 37·1 │ 37·4 │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ 25·3 │ 54·2 │ 74·7 │ 45·8 │ 47·5 │ 57·4 │ 48·5 │ 42·6 │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ 46·0 │ 57·1 │ 54·0 │ 42·9 │ 40·0 │100·0 │ 60·0 │ — │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ 1·4 │ 1·5 │ 98·6 │ 98·5 │ 3·6 │ — │ 96·4 │100·0 │ - │ Continued fevers ││ 1·8 │ — │ 98·2 │100·0 │ 2·4 │ — │ 97·6 │100·0 │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus ││ 2·0 │ 3·0 │ 98·0 │ 97·0 │ 2·1 │ — │ 97·9 │100·0 │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ 14·3 │ 33·3 │ 85·7 │ 66·7 │ 18·8 │ — │ 81·2 │100·0 │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system ││ 8·3 │ 8·1 │ 83·5 │ 67·6 │ 20·0 │ 20·6 │ 62·9 │ 44·1 │ - │ Chest diseases ││ 14·7 │ 26·3 │ 85·3 │ 73·7 │ 35·0 │ 23·1 │ 65·0 │ 69·2 │ - │ Liver diseases ││ 7·4 │ 50·0 │ 92·6 │ 50·0 │ 18·2 │ — │ 81·8 │100·0 │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - -NOTE.―In some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the -deaths + the recoveries; in calculating the per-centages, the aggregate -of the deaths and recoveries (D. + R.) were in these instances regarded -as the number of admissions. - - -{51} - -W. COLOMBO AND MALABAR. SINGHALESE HOSPITALS. - - ──────────────────────────+─────────────────+─────────────────+───────────────── - │ Proportion of │ Proportion of │ Proportion of - │Deaths from each │ Admissions from │Deaths from each - │ Cause to 100 │each Cause to 100│ Cause to 100 - —— │ Admissions from │ Admissions from │ Deaths from all - │ each Cause. │ all Causes. │ Causes. - +────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - │ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females. - ──────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - All causes │ 20·7 │ 18·1 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 - │ │ │ │ │ │ - Variola │ 11·2 │ 9·9 │ 1·1 │ 8·5 │ ·8 │ 4·6 - Dysenteria │ 49·0 │ 54·1 │ 14·2 │ 10·2 │ 43·6 │ 30·1 - Diarrhœa │ 30·9 │ 52·3 │ 8·2 │ 7·8 │ 16·1 │ 22·3 - Cholera biliosa or │ 45·6 │ 70·0 │ ·4 │ ·5 │ ·9 │ 2·0 - Cholera spasmodica │ │ │ │ │ │ - Periodic fevers │ 1·7 │ ·8 │ 20·3 │ 16·0 │ 2·1 │ ·7 - Continued fevers │ 2·3 │ — │ 1·3 │ ·2 │ ·2 │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or │ 2·0 │ 1·9 │ 4·8 │ 4·3 │ ·6 │ ·4 - Rheumatismus chronicus │ │ │ │ │ │ - Scrofula or Phthisis or │ 15·2 │ 29·4 │ ·7 │ ·7 │ ·7 │ 1·1 - Hæmoptysis │ │ │ │ │ │ - Brain and nervous system │ 12·6 │ 12·6 │ 1·6 │ 3·2 │ 1·5 │ 3·1 - Chest diseases │ 20·7 │ 24·2 │ 1·0 │ 1·3 │ 1·3 │ 1·7 - Liver diseases │ 12·0 │ 33·3 │ ·3 │ ·1 │ ·2 │ ·2 - Other diseases │ 11·0 │ 13·2 │ 46·1 │ 47·2 │ 32·0 │ 33·8 - ──────────────────────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - -NOTE.―The deaths + recoveries have been taken as the admissions in -making these calculations. - - -{52} - -X. CANADIAN HOSPITALS. MANITOWANING AND TUSCARORA. - -Of the Admissions into Hospitals, the Proportion per Cent. who died and -who recovered, during Five Years, 1855–60. - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table X, Part 1 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+ - │ ││ All Ages. │ Under 5 Years. │ 5 and under 15 Years. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 12·3 │ 14·0 │ 87·7 │ 73·5 │ 9·5 │ 12·6 │ 90·5 │ 72·6 │ 7·7 │ 12·3 │ 92·3 │ 82·2 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 12·5 │ — │ 87·5 │100·0 │ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ 10·2 │ 18·6 │ 89·8 │ 81·4 │ 11·1 │ 19·2 │ 88·9 │ 80·8 │ 11·1 │ 37·5 │ 88·9 │ 62·5 │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ 6·2 │ 5·0 │ 93·8 │ 87·7 │ 62·5 │ 25·0 │ 37·5 │ 35·6 │ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ - │ Continued fevers ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ — │ 14·3 │100·0 │ 85·7 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ 93·6 │ 79·2 │ 6·4 │ 20·8 │ — │ — │ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system ││ 4·5 │ 1·6 │ 10·9 │ 48·4 │ — │ — │100·0 │ 5·5 │ — │ — │100·0 │ 33·3 │ - │ Chest diseases ││ 33·0 │ 42·9 │ 67·0 │ 57·1 │ — │ 75·0 │ — │ 25·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Liver diseases ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - │ Table X, Part 2 │ - +────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────+ - +───────────────────────────++───────────────────────────+───────────────────────────+ - │ ││ 15 and under 40 years. │ 40 and upwards. │ - │ ++─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+─────────────+ - │ —— ││ Died in │ │ Died in │ │ - │ ││ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ Hospital. │ Recovered. │ - │ ++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ ││ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - │ All diseases ││ 16·2 │ 13·1 │ 83·8 │ 76·3 │ 12·4 │ 18·4 │ 77·6 │ 58·8 │ - │ ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Variola ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Dysenteria ││ 50·0 │ — │ 50·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Diarrhœa ││ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera biliosa or ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Cholera spasmodica ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Periodic fevers ││ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ — │100·0 │ — │ - │ Continued fevers ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - │ Rheumatismus acutus or ││ — │ — │100·0 │100·0 │ — │ 26·7 │100·0 │ 73·3 │ - │ Rheumatismus chronicus ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Scrofula or Phthisis or ││ 92·1 │ 70·6 │ 7·9 │ 29·4 │ — │100·0 │ — │ — │ - │ Hæmoptysis ││ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ Brain and nervous system ││ 13·3 │ 16·7 │ 86·7 │ 83·3 │ — │ — │ 67·7 │ 42·3 │ - │ Chest diseases ││ 29·4 │ 38·1 │ 70·6 │ 61·9 │ 35·1 │ 42·1 │ 64·9 │ 57·9 │ - │ Liver diseases ││ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ - +───────────────────────────++──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+──────+ - -NOTE.―In some instances the number of admissions were exceeded by the -deaths + the recoveries; in calculating the per-centages the aggregate -of the deaths and recoveries (D. + R.) were in these instances regarded -as the number of admissions. - -In instances where the proportion of deaths or recoveries approach 100 -per cent. the observations have been very few. - - -{53} - -Y. CANADIAN HOSPITALS. MANITOWANING AND TUSCARORA. - - ──────────────────────────+────────────────+─────────────────+───────────────── - │ Proportion of │ Proportion of │ Proportion of - │Deaths from each│ Admissions from │ Deaths from each - │ Cause to 100 │each Cause to 100│ Cause to 100 - —— │Admissions from │ Admissions │ Deaths - │ each Cause. │ from all Causes.│from all Causes. - +───────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - │ Males.│Females.│ Males. │Females.│ Males. │Females. - ──────────────────────────+───────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - All causes │ 12·3 │ 14·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 │ 100·0 - │ │ │ │ │ │ - Variola │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Dysenteria │ 12·5 │ — │ 1·0 │ ·7 │ 1·0 │ — - Diarrhœa │ 10·2 │ 18·6 │ 7·7 │ 7·5 │ 6·2 │ 8·7 - Cholera biliosa or │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Cholera spasmodica │ │ │ │ │ │ - Periodic fevers │ 6·2 │ 5·0 │ 10·4 │ 13·0 │ 5·1 │ 4·3 - Continued fevers │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Rheumatismus acutus or │ │ │ │ │ │ - Rheumatismus chronicus │ — │ 14·3 │ 4·9 │ 4·9 │ — │ 4·3 - Scrofula or Phthisis or │ │ │ │ │ │ - Hæmoptysis │ 93·6 │ 79·2 │ 6·1 │ 8·3 │ 44·9 │ 41·3 - Brain and nervous system │ 4·5 │ 1·6 │ 6·5 │ 5·2 │ 2·0 │ — - Chest diseases │ 33·0 │ 42·9 │ 11·8 │ 10·9 │ 30·6 │ 29·4 - Liver diseases │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — - Other diseases │ 2·5 │ 3·8 │ 51·6 │ 49·5 │ 10·2 │ 12·0 - ──────────────────────────+───────+────────+────────+────────+────────+──────── - -NOTE.―The deaths + recoveries have been taken as the admissions in -making these calculations. - - - - -{54} - -APPENDIX II. - -ABSTRACTS of PAPERS relating to the CAUSES of MORTALITY among -ABORIGINAL RACES, received from the COLONIAL OFFICE. - - -SIERRA LEONE. - -[Sidenote: See Tables L. and M., pp. 39 and 40.] - -Under the head of “All other Diseases” is included one “lethargus,” -a disease which, as far as I am aware, is altogether confined to -the native population, “more particularly to the Kossohs and Congos -tribes.” It is not restricted to any particular period of life, as old -and young are equally liable to it. It is purely a disease of the brain -and nervous system, generally fatal, except when seen in the very early -stages. As it is generally met with, the patient sleeps continually, -even when standing up, and becomes perfectly incapable of any exertion; -the sufferer will even fall asleep while being fed. I have seen them -last in this state for months, and gradually die of inanition from -want of a sufficiency of food to support life. I have tried all kinds -of treatment, but cannot recommend any more likely to be beneficial -than a prolonged slight salivation, if you can meet the case in the -inflammatory stage or that previous to the sleeping state just alluded -to. - -This and leprosy are the only diseases met with here from which the -European is exempt. - - ROBT. BRADSHAW, L.K. & Q.C.P.I. - Colonial Surgeon. - - Freetown, Sierra Leone. - - -NATAL. - -_Special Remarks._―Of seven of the eight cases of syphilis (native), -Hottentots were the subjects. Here, as elsewhere, they copy European -vices very readily. The Kafirs adhere to their own vices, but are more -slow in copying European manners and habits, good or evil. - -I have met with one decided case of scrofula among the Zulus, and one -only. - -The ages of infants are reckoned by moons, but adult Kafirs (as the -rule) do not know how old they are; the ages given are therefore only -surmised, and cannot be depended on. - -The tendency of disease among the Kafirs is to collapse and paralysis. -No year goes round without deaths from cold and wet, which they bear -less well than European settlers. They are apt to sink under any -serious form of disease. - -Flesh wounds heal well, causing less constitutional disturbance than -among Europeans, but fractured bones do not so soon re-unite. I have -found lime water, a pint or more given daily, promote their union. Lime -is scarce here, and the shells of eggs are correspondingly thin. - -Lung disease is more frequent among natives than white settlers, unless -the latter bring the seeds of disease with them; but I doubt whether -it is true phthisis. I suspect that the lungs of both natives and -settlers are more liable to become hepatized or otherwise disorganized -than tuberculated. In examining the lungs of cattle who have died of -lung sickness, I have found large portions of lung degenerated into -an impervious muscle-like substance resembling beef, while in other -portions the disease has shown itself to be of so anemic a character -as to have proceeded without much pause to suppuration. I believe that -in this climate, subjects of phthisis, who had only small tubercles in -their lungs, would find their further development arrested; indeed this -has been, in many cases, proved to have occurred. - -The lung disease, called lung sickness, in cattle, does not, with -regard to the organ attacked, affect human beings, but the tendency -of the present race of mankind is to anemic rather than acutely -inflammatory diseases. The most destructive modern diseases, influenza, -cholera, and diphtheria, are of an anemic character; other diseases are -now, more than formerly, inclined to assume this character. It is not -that medicine and doctors, but that human constitutions, vary. The rule -laid down by Pinel that bleeding confirms mania is good now; but 50 or -70 years ago, as, perhaps, 50 or 70 years hence, more exceptional cases -did and may again occur than are at present met with. {55} - -[Sidenote: Vide Tables P. and Q., pp. 44 and 45.] - -The mortality from fever will be seen to have been great; but of the -seven deaths recorded, six came into the hospital in a dying state. -One, admitted November 25th, died five hours after admission; another, -admitted at noon, December 11th, died at half-past four a.m. next -morning; another, admitted on the 5th, died on the 6th; another, -admitted on September 19th, died on the 20th; other two rallied by -the administration of wine, sago, &c., but died from two to five days -after admission, again sinking. They received shelter and attention, -and had what chance there was of recovery; and some others, beyond -all reasonable expectation, recovered. The number of Kafir and -druggist-doctored patients thrown upon my hands in a moribund state -is great. Of the cases of fever that I attended throughout, most did -well. The hospital has been occupied somewhat more than three years and -a half, but I have held office as district surgeon in the service of -Government eight years and a half, and I speak of my experience during -the whole term of such service. - -In giving names to complaints, I have not set down diarrhœa or even -tænia, of which many instances have occurred, but these instances have -been incidental or symptomatic. Tænia has been discovered and treated -in cases of patients who had wounds, &c., and this frequently. There is -no complaint so generally prevalent among both natives and settlers. -The tapeworm of South Africa is about two-fifths in width† narrower -than that of Europe. The most effective treatment has been 1 1/2 oz. -sp. terebinth, early in the morning, and one drop of croton oil, or -a dose of other aperient medicine, four or five hours after, _nisi -prius soluta sit alvus_. A less dose than 1 1/2 oz. more disturbs the -system than this quantity, and fails to act. I procured some ethereal -extract of male fern in one case, of which I gave one scruple early in -the morning, and a black draught some hours after. It caused no nausea -or other apparent constitutional disturbance, and a piece of tapeworm -was expelled, still alive, which measured 22 feet long. Turpentine -generally expels them dead. - - † The English assumed as 1 in width, the South African 0·6. - -The fracture that ended fatally was a compound fracture of the left -thigh, and compound comminuted fracture of the tibia and fibula of the -right leg, from a waggon accident. He sunk at the end of two days, -never rallying from the shock to his system, and refusing to submit -to the not very hopeful operation of amputation of the more seriously -injured limb. I have had two cases of injury among the aborigines in -which amputation was necessary, one a little above the ancle, the -other four inches above the knee. In the latter case the leg had been -torn off by the machinery of a flour mill, the knee stripped of its -integuments, and the muscles above the knee stretched and contused, -so that I felt myself obliged to operate high up, lest a second -amputation should become requisite. The case occurred a few months ago. -Both cases did well. I have represented my wish in both cases that an -artificial leg and foot should be sent for to England, as it would be -a convenience to the parties, and also have a good sanitary and social -effect upon the natives. The cost of the cork or other artificial two -legs, black imitation toes inclusive, would not, I should think, exceed -30_l._ Their aversion to operations necessary to save life would thus -be in some measure overcome or lessened. - -The natives who have become Christians evince some of the -uncomfortableness and maladroitness that are incidental to a state -of transition, but, perhaps, less than might have been expected. The -premises I go upon are, perhaps, scanty and insufficient, but I am -inclined to think that among Christian Kafirs more children die in -infancy than among the unchristianized natives. This is not to be -depended upon, nor can I, generally speaking, say much that is definite -upon the subject of physical or other differences between Christian and -other natives. - -The natives hitherto, as the rule, have not shown the appetence for -alcohol which the North American Indians so early, and so fatally -for themselves, acquired. There are cases of elephantiasis among -them; they are subject to skin diseases. These and other trifling -diseases or cases of injury seldom appear at the hospital, or only as -accompaniments of injury or other disease. - -Prior to the completion and occupation of Grey’s hospital, a row of -cottages was rented as a hospital; prior to this the gaol and hospital -were under one roof. - - SAMUEL GOWER, M.R.C.S. Engl., &c. {56} - -_Change of Diet and irregular Habits._―There is one very striking -difference between the semi-civilized native and the one fresh from -his original habits and mode of life. The one is more subject to -inflammatory diseases than the other, from which the former does not so -readily recover as the latter. Wounds and injuries of a very serious -character readily admit of reparation; for instance, a native falls -on a stake, which penetrated (by the side of the “sphincter ani”) the -bladder; he walked 10 miles, and arrived at hospital with a pendulous -coagulum at the mouth of the urethra. The catheter was used; urine and -blood escaped, and continued to flow for a day or two; in a week he -returned home quite well. - -_Civilization increases the proneness to Disease and the facility -to succumb to its Power._―Skin diseases are more prevalent among -the natives than the settlers. Phthisis carries off a great number; -exposure to extremes is the cause. The subject requires to be treated -at full length. - - ED. W. HOLLAND, M.R.C.S. - - -MELBOURNE. VICTORIA. - -[Sidenote: Vide Return, p. 60.] - -Mr. Thomas, who has for 20 years been the guardian of the tribes -contiguous to Melbourne, furnishes a statement, showing during that -period 210 deaths as compared with 28 births, and, as he adds in a -note, that of the children born most died before the first month was -over, it cannot be expected that these tribes, now reduced to only 35 -individuals in all, will be long in existence. - -Making every allowance, indeed, for the effects of European vices, -and especially of intemperance, by which quarrels are fomented, and -exposure to cold and damp and disease produced, there is, it must be -confessed, something mysterious in that deterioration of the savage -which succeeds the introduction of civilization,—and which can hardly -be more forcibly described than in the language of the old man quoted -by Mr. Goodwin,―“before white fellow came, black fellow could run like -emu, but now supposing big one run, then big one tired, and plenty -heart jump about.” - -Physical prostration, in fact, seems to follow the attempt to imitate -the customs of civilized society; and, as I had abundant opportunity of -observing in British Guiana among the Indians, the wearing of clothes -and adoption of a more settled mode of life detracts from skill in -hunting or fishing without imparting sufficient knowledge of or taste -for agricultural pursuits to afford a livelihood in exchange. - - HENRY BARKLY. - - -1. Although the aborigines of this colony are liable to the usual -diseases of Europeans, I invariably found years back that they seldom -had the common diseases, as rheumatism, &c., &c., to the extent -Europeans have. Yet I may state, that eight-tenths of the mortality -amongst the aborigines of Victoria arises through intemperance, -bringing on pulmonary disorders, pleurisy, pneumonia, disorders of -the chest, consumption, &c., which carries them off so speedily that -the ablest medical treatment, when available, seldom saves them. I -may safely state that when their respiratory organs are once affected -recovery becomes hopeless. I have witnessed this so invariably within -the last 10 years, as to look forward for death as soon as they are -afflicted in the chest. - -2. The aborigines, however, were not so affected in their respiratory -organs years back as at present; they have only been carried off so -precipitately since they have become slaves to intoxicating liquors. I -have known blacks, years back, to labour under diseases of the lungs -for nine or more months, but now seldom so many weeks, and often not so -many days. - -3. There is a peculiarity even in their pulmonary disorders to the -European; there is not that straining distressing coughing which -Europeans labour under; the phlegm comes free without much exertion and -pain to the invalid, but accompanied with blood. - -4. Wounds of whatever kind which do not affect a vital part are -more readily cured than in white people. I have seen most desperate -wounds inflicted by their weapons, that would have kept Europeans -for months invalids, healed in an incredibly short time, and to the -astonishment of medical men. Wounds, whether by accident or otherwise, -are immediately attended to by their doctors; if in the fleshy part of -the body, they suck the blood from the wound, and continue sucking it -till blood ceases to be extracted. If little blood comes from {57} the -wound they know all is not right, and will put the patient to pain by -probing the wound with their lancet (a sharp bone), or place the body -or limb in that position as to compress the opposite part to force -blood. They know well the consequences of stagnant blood or matter, -especially in the upper parts of the body. When the wound is thoroughly -cleansed they leave the rest to nature, clap a lump of pidgerong (a -kind of wax oozing from trees) on the wound; should there follow a -gathering, they open the wound afresh, and see all right, and again -cover it over with the pidgerong or gum. - -5. _Rheumatism._―Their general remedy is friction. If very severe -about legs or thighs, the doctor gets a good mound prepared of ashes, -excavating the ground 18 inches, made solely from bark, which never has -any grit, but mere ash. If lumbago, the patient is laid on his stomach, -the doctor rubs most unmercifully the hot ashes on the part affected, -as a butcher would in salting meat; if in thighs or legs, the patient’s -feet are put into the mound of heated ashes, about half way up his -legs, where he sits whilst the doctor is rubbing the hot ashes on the -parts affected. During this process the doctor is incantating, blowing -occasionally a portion of dust into the air with a hissing noise. When -sufficiently operated upon, the invalid is wrapped up in his blanket. - -6. _Boils._―The blacks treat boils and swellings thus:—When hard, they -lotion the part well with decoction of wattle bark; when obstinate, -they boil wild marshmallow, and poultice; if the tumour softens and -does not break, they apply their sharp bone lancet. - -7. _Eruptions on the Skin._―The aborigines are deeply afflicted with -a disorder called by them bubberum, white men call it itch, but it -is in no way like it; it appears as a raised dark scab, and spreads, -joining each other, till it in severe cases covers almost all the lower -extremities. It seldom affects the head or upper parts, but I have -known it almost cover the thighs and downwards, so as to cause them -much difficulty in moving about. Their native cure for this distemper -is to grease the parts affected every night and morning with wheerup -(a red ochre) mixed with a decoction of wattle bark. I knew one -instance of this disease becoming most distressing to a white man in a -respectable position who was continually cohabiting with black lubras. - -8. _On Burns._―Through their imprudence and carelessness they often get -severe burns, which they cure by dabbing the parts over with melted -fat, afterwards dash the parts affected over with a pulp made of -oppossum fur and dust of the wheerup. - -9. _On Dysentery._―The aborigines of Australia are very subject to -dysentery, but not to the fatal extent as Europeans; their remedy -of this disorder is drinking plentifully a decoction of wattle bark -and eating gum through the day, and pills night and morning made by -themselves of wattle bark and gum. - -10. _Pains in the Head, Bilious, &c._―If of long standing, the patient -is compelled to lie on the back; the native doctor puts his foot on -the patient’s head above his neck as long as the patient can bear it, -till water literally gushes from the patient’s eyes. However rough this -treatment, I have known this operation to give relief, and the patient -cured. - -11. _Disorders of the Lungs, Spitting of Blood, &c._―The blacks study -much the colour of the spittle in those affected in the lungs, and -know well its stages. When the patient begins to spit blood, there is -much attention paid to him; should this increase, which generally is -the case, the native doctors have a consultation. When once the black -doctors hold a consultation, they will not let the patient take any -more medicine from the whites. The invalid is laid down on his back, -is held firm by three or more blacks, whilst the native doctor keeps -continually pressing with his feet, even to jump, on the patient’s -belly. I need scarcely state that this cruel practice brings on -premature death. - -12. _Venereal Disease._―Though this disease in the first instance -must have been contracted from the whites, the native doctors have -prescribed a cure, which, though simple, I have found efficacious. -They boil the wattle bark till it becomes very strong; they use it as -a lotion to the parts affected. I can state here from my own personal -knowledge of three Golburn blacks having this disease so deeply rooted -in them, that the then colonial surgeon, Dr. Cousin, on examining them -said life would not be saved unless they entered into the hospital, -and an operation performed, which they would not consent to. After -18 months these three blacks returned to Melbourne among the tribes -(two {58} were young, the other middle aged,) perfectly cured, and -the blacks assured me they had used only the wattle bark lotion. Dr. -Wilmot, our late coroner, also saw these three blacks whilst in this -state and after their soundness, and in his report upon the aborigines -stated “however violent this disease may appear among aborigines, -that it could not enter into their system as it did in European -constitutions.” - -13. In the aboriginal primitive state in times of sickness, as -influenza or other diseases prevalent, they invariably carried fire -about with them wherever they went; this was of bark only; a thick -bark, which they provided for the day’s journey. - -14. _Fevers._―The aboriginal doctors’ treatment in fevers is strictly -the cold water system; no matter what kind of fever it may be, cold -water is the remedy, accompanied with prohibition of animal food. The -doctors have a quantity of water by them, fill their mouths full, spurt -it from the mouth over the whole of the patient’s body, back and front, -and for a considerable time to the navel, then with their hands throw -it over the face and breast; then lay the patient on the back, breathe -and blow at the navel, incantating continually while operating. If the -patient be young, the doctor will carry him, and plunge him or her -into the creek or river. The adult patients will voluntarily, by the -assistance of their friends, plunge themselves in three or four times a -day. The blacks obstinately persist in this mode of treatment, although -they find generally death is the result. I was not a little surprised -to find many years back that this also was the mode of treatment among -the natives of the South Sea Islands. As soon as fever attacked them, -they crept to the banks of the Yarra, and plunged themselves in three -or more times a day, as the aboriginals of Australia. I was called to -witness their habits when a party of them were enticed over by the late -Mr. Boyd; they were located at Mr. Fennel’s (Mr. Boyd’s agent) by the -banks of the Yarra. - -15. I attach to this report on the diseases of the aborigines the -opinions of 29 gentlemen, situated in various parts of the colony, who -one and all bear testimony to the awful mortality amongst them. - - _Names._ _Diseases._ - - Mr. Orr Intemperance and venereal. - ″ Lane Scorbutic. - ″ Templeton Intemperance and venereal. - ″ Sherard Intemperance and exposure. - ″ Shuter Consumption and decline. - ″ Wilson Intemperance and exposure. - ″ Feskin Bronchitis, pericarditis, psoriasis, and intemperance. - ″ McLeod Intemperance and exposure. - ″ Ormond Consumption, venereal, and intemperance. - ″ Cook Syphilis. - ″ Aitkin Liver complaints; intemperance; rheumatism. - ″ Skene Syphilis, consumption, and rheumatism. - ″ Beveridge Pulmonary consumption and venereal. - ″ Allen Influenza. - ″ Craig Influenza, consumption, and intemperance. - ″ Gilles Intemperance. - ″ Strutt Intemperance and violence. - ″ J. M. Allan Influenza; inflammation of lungs; venereal. - ″ Godfrey Drunkenness; consumption; venereal. - ″ Gottreux Bronchitis; affection of the chest. - ″ Currie Pulmonary complaints; intemperance. - ″ Lydiard Syphilis; intemperance; rheumatism. - ″ Stewart Consumption; intemperance. - ″ Mitchell Pulmonary consumption; venereal. - ″ Coake Consumption and old age. - ″ Huou Influenza; intemperance. - ″ Wills (Omeo) Intemperance; gun-shot wounds; venereal. - ″ Featherstonhaugh. Pulmonary; venereal. - ″ Lewes Atrophy; influenza. - -{59} - -16. A return from a public hospital, I deem, would be a fair criterion -for the Central Board, embracing the _two points_, _mortality_ and -diseases. - - -RETURN of ABORIGINAL NATIVES admitted into the Melbourne Hospital from -1st January to 8th November to date. - - ─────────────+──────────────────+─────────────+─────────────────────────+───────────────────── - DATE. │ NAME. │ TRIBE. │ DISEASE. │ REMARKS. - ─────────────+──────────────────+─────────────+─────────────────────────+───────────────────── - April 17 │ Tommy Buckley │ Gipps’ Ld. │ Burnt back │ Discharged, July 20 - July 4 │ Maria │ Yarra │ Pneumonia │ Discharged, July 24 - September 14 │ James Shaw │ Hopkins’ R. │ Pleurisy; Phthisis. │ Died, October 21 - September 18 │ Sandy │ Sydney │ Pneumonia and Phthisis. │ Died, September 25 - October 30 │ Tommy Buckley │ Gipps’ Ld. │ Pneumonia and Phthisis. │ Died, November 2 - October 30 │ Tommy Nannering │ Yarra │ Pneumonia and Phthisis. │ Died, November 2 - ─────────────+──────────────────+─────────────+─────────────────────────+───────────────────── - -4 deaths, and 2 discharged. - - -{60} - -RETURN showing the Number of Aboriginal Natives who have died in the -Yarra and Western Port Districts from the 1st April 1839 to the 31st -December 1859, distinguishing Sexes, Tribes, &c. - - +───────────────────────────────────+────+────+────+────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+──────────────────────────────────────+ - │ │ │ Western │ Other │ │ │ │ - │ │ Yarra │ Port │ Tribes │ TOTAL. │Grand │ │ - │ —— │ Tribe. │ Tribe. │journeying.│ │Total.│ REMARKS. │ - │ +────+────+────+────+─────+─────+─────+─────+ │ │ - │ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ │ │ - +───────────────────────────────────+────+────+────+────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+──────────────────────────────────────+ - │ From 1 April 1839 to 1 Mar. 1840 │ 4 │ 1 │ 4 │ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │ 10 │ 5 │ 15 │ 1 murdered. │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1840 to 1 Mar. 1841 │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ 4 │ — │ 6 │ 1 │ 7 │ 2 murdered; 1 shot himself; 2 shot │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ by authorities; 1 died in jail. │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1841 to 1 Mar. 1842 │ 6 │ 3 │ 1 │ 2 │ 5 │ 2 │ 12 │ 7 │ 19 │ 2 murdered; 2 died of grief; 1, │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ after leg amputated; 2 executed. │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1842 to 1 Mar. 1843 │ 4 │ 2 │ 1 │ 1 │ 2 │ — │ 7 │ 3 │ 10 │ 1 executed. │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1843 to 1 Mar. 1844 │ 2 │ 5 │ 3 │ 3 │ 2 │ 2 │ 7 │ 10 │ 17 │ 1 died by violence. │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1844 to 1 Mar. 1845 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 4 │ 3 │ 3 │ 5 │ 8 │ 13 │ 1 murdered; 1 died of wounds. │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1845 to 1 June 1846 │ 5 │ 3 │ — │ 1 │ 3 │ 1 │ 8 │ 5 │ 13 │ │ - │ From 1 June 1846 to 1 June 1847 │ 1 │ 4 │ 2 │ — │ 5 │ — │ 8 │ 4 │ 12 │ 2 executed. │ - │ From 1 June 1847 to 1 June 1848 │ — │ 4 │ 7 │ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │ 9 │ 8 │ 17 │ │ - │ From 1 June 1848 to 1 June 1849 │ 2 │ 2 │ 3 │ 1 │ 3 │ 2 │ 8 │ 5 │ 13 │ 1 murdered. │ - │ From 1 June 1849 to 31 Dec. 1849 │ 4 │ 7 │ 2 │ — │ 4 │ 5 │ 10 │ 12 │ 22 │ │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1850 to 31 Dec. 1850 │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ 2 │ 2 │ 4 │ 2 murdered by Gipps’ Land blacks. │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1851 to 31 Dec. 1851 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 2 │ 1 speared in drunken fray. │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1852 to 31 Dec. 1852 │ 2 │ — │ 3 │ 1 │ 5 │ 1 │ 10 │ 2 │ 12 │ 5 murdered; 1, through intemperance. │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1853 to 31 Dec. 1853 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ 2 │ │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1854 to 31 Dec. 1854 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 1 │ 2 │ — │ 3 │ 1 │ 4 │ 1 murdered in drunken row; 1, │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ intemperance. │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1855 to 31 Dec. 1855 │ — │ — │ 3 │ 1 │ 2 │ — │ 5 │ 1 │ 6 │ 1 poisoned while drunk; 1, │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ intemperance. │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1856 to 31 Dec. 1856 │ — │ — │ 2 │ 1 │ 3 │ 2 │ 6 │ 2 │ 8 │ 2, through intemperance; 1, supposed │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ poisoned. │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1857 to 31 Dec. 1857 │ 1 │ — │ 2 │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ 4 │ 1 │ 5 │ 1 Murray R. black, through │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ intemperance. │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1858 to 31 Dec. 1858 │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ 2 │ 1 │ 3 │ │ - │ From 1 Jan. 1859 to 31 Dec. 1859 │ 1 │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ — │ 5 │ 1 │ 6 │ 2 suddenly intoxicated; 1, │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Collingwood stockade. │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ +─────+─────+──────+──────────────────────────────────────+ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 129 │ 81 │ 210 │ │ - + ──────────────────────────────────+────+────+────+────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+──────────────────────────────────────+ - - -{61} - -RETURN showing the Number of Aboriginal Natives born in the Yarra and -Western Port Districts from the 1st April 1839 to the 31st December -1859. - - +───────────────────────────────────+────+────+────+────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+───────────────────────────────────────+ - │ │ │ Western │ Other │ │ │ │ - │ │ Yarra │ Port │ Tribes │ TOTAL. │Grand │ │ - │ —— │ Tribe. │ Tribe. │journeying.│ │Total.│ REMARKS. │ - │ +────+────+────+────+─────+─────+─────+─────+ │ │ - │ │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ M. │ F. │ │ │ - +───────────────────────────────────+────+────+────+────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+───────────────────────────────────────+ - │ From 1 Apr. 1839 to 1 Mar. 1840 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 3 │ 3 │ It will be apparent from this Return, │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1840 to 1 Mar. 1841 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ taken carefully from my journal, │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1841 to 1 Mar. 1842 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ that there has been no comparison of │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1842 to 1 Mar. 1843 │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ 2 │ births in proportion to deaths. │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1843 to 1 Mar. 1844 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1844 to 1 Mar. 1845 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ — │ 1 │ Of these children born, it is │ - │ From 1 Mar. 1845 to 1 June 1846 │ 2 │ 2 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 2 │ 2 │ 4 │ lamentable that most died before the │ - │ From 1 June 1846 to 1 June 1847 │ — │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ first month, or removing from the │ - │ From 1 June 1847 to 1 June 1848 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ — │ encampment for a week or two and │ - │ From 1 June 1848 to 1 June 1849 │ 1 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ 1 │ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │ return childless. │ - │ From 1 June 1849 to 31 Dec. 1849 │ 1 │ — │ — │ — │ — │ 3 │ 1 │ 3 │ 4 │ │ - │ From 1 June 1850 to 31 Dec. 1859, │ 2 │ 3 │ 1 │ 2 │ — │ — │ 3 │ 5 │ 8 │ I have in one line included the last │ - │ the last 10 years │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ nine years, as there have been no │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ +─────+─────+──────+ births from any other tribe in the │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 11 │ 17 │ 28 │ Yarra and Western Port Districts. │ - +───────────────────────────────────+────+────+────+────+─────+─────+─────+─────+──────+───────────────────────────────────────+ - - WM. THOMAS, - Guardian of Aborigines. - - -{62} - -SOUTH AUSTRALIA - -Having travelled much in Australia, America, and the West Indies, -and having also resided on the Coast of Africa, where I penetrated -a considerable distance into the interior, traversing the countries -between the Gambia and the Senegal, and ascending the former river 600 -miles, I was consequently frequently brought into contact with numerous -aboriginal tribes of very different characters and descent, and under -varying physical and external circumstances. - -I have, however, never seen natives whose general habits and physical -conformation impressed me so completely with the idea of a perishable -and doomed race as the aborigines of the southern portion of this -continent. - -I may add that as I almost always find it necessary to release native -prisoners before the expiration of their sentences, because death -is apt to ensue from any prolonged confinement, I cannot but think -that even the partial confinement in schools injuriously affects the -native constitution, so nearly do they approximate to the lower animal -creation. - - RICHARD GRAVES MACDONNELL, - Governor. - - Adelaide, - Nov. 23, 1860. - - -The aboriginies of this colony (South Australia) have not a very wide -range of disease from which they suffer. - -I have never seen a case of small-pox, scarlet fever, measles, or -hooping cough, and I was officially connected with them for 18 years. - -Fever occurs, but not frequently, as they have no confined badly -ventilated dwellings. - -Diarrhœa and dysentery make their appearance in the hot weather, and -from five to ten per cent. of the cases prove fatal; these attacks -occur most frequently during dentition, as with the Europeans. - -The brain and nervous system are seldom attacked primarily. In their -native state they indulge in no stimulants, and are not guilty of -overtaxing their mental powers. - -Consumption is common amongst them; and in every death that I have -seen in the school children, there have been tubercular deposits in -the lungs. The same occurs in the adults who have been six months and -upwards confined in gaol; in fact, they cannot survive confinement in a -prison beyond two years. Confine them two years and they will waste and -die in a few months after liberation. - -The most fatal disease that has come under my notice is the venereal, -contracted by contact with the Europeans. Males and females suffer -alike from it, and die generally of secondary effects. - -As a race the aborigines are dying off and disappearing before a more -highly civilized people, and must eventually disappear altogether. The -venereal disease on the one hand, and the fact that the women are apt -to become prostitutes, and in consequence cease to bear children, on -the other, are reducing them at a very rapid rate. - - M. MOORHOUSE, - Late Protector of Aborigines. - - -It is universally admitted that they are fast decreasing in number, -and the cause of this decrease is attributed by most witnesses to -their partial assumption of semi-civilized habits; where formerly -they clothed themselves with the skins of animals taken in the chase, -contact with Europeans has so changed their habits that they now, in a -great measure, depend upon the scanty dole of blankets issued by the -Government, which supplies, it appears from evidence, have been most -irregular. Great suffering has been occasioned, especially among the -aged and infirm natives, by the insufficient and ill-timed supplies, -both of blankets and provisions. Disease appears to be induced by this -partial and irregular clothing; pulmonary complaints prevailed to a -fearful extent during last winter, aggravated by, if not entirely -attributable to, this cause. - -This decrease in their numbers is attributable to many causes:― - -1st. From infanticide, to a limited extent. - -2nd. From certain rites performed upon young men of some tribes, -impairing their physical powers. - -3rd. From the introduction among them by Europeans of a more aggravated -form of syphilis than was known to exist previous to our occupation of -the country. {63} - -4th. From the introduction and use of intoxicating liquors, a habit of -using which to excess is prevalent among the natives, who, despite of -existing laws to the contrary, are frequently aided by Europeans in -obtaining supplies. - -5th. From the promiscuous intercourse of the sexes. This is proved by -evidence to be carried to such an extent, not only between themselves, -but also with Europeans, as, in a great measure, of itself to account -for the infecundity of the race. - -6th. From the disproportion of sexes. - - GEO. HALL, Chairman. - - -WESTERN AUSTRALIA. - -The question raised by Miss Nightingale, “Can we civilize the -aborigines without killing them?” naturally arises from the fact that -wherever Europeans have taken possession of the country of savage -races, the latter have gradually disappeared before the face of the -“white man.” - -This state of things, I believe, may be traced to the three following -causes:― - -1st. The acquirement by the aborigines of the love for intoxicating -liquors. - -2nd. The immorality of the women with the “white man,” preventing their -bearing children. - -3rd. The introduction of diseases more fatal to them than to the -Europeans, arising from their exposed lives, and general objection to -submit themselves to proper medical treatment. - -It will thus be easily seen that the aborigines do not, in reality, -gradually disappear before the advantages of civilization, but rather -fall victims to the vices and diseases introduced by the advent of -unprincipled Europeans among them. - - JOHN FERGUSON, - Colonial Surgeon. - - Perth, Nov. 17, 1860. - - -It is quite certain that the natives die in quick succession in the -districts inhabited by Europeans, and it appears not less certain that -a great many of the deaths are attributable to their having lived -among us. But it is not civilization that has caused their deaths; -it is rather the vices of the Europeans which they have imbibed, and -the ignorance and recklessness of results in the natives themselves. -They are mere children in understanding, and if their present wants -are gratified they care not for the future. As an instance:—There is -a stringent law prohibiting the selling or giving intoxicating drinks -to them, but they willingly yield to the assistance offered to them -by unprincipled sailors and others to elude this law made for their -benefit. The men become intoxicated, and misery and wretchedness are -the consequences to a portion of their families, who die prematurely, -but not before their vicious habits have injured many besides -themselves. There are many individuals in all countries who neither -regard the laws of God nor man, and these unfortunate people might -have been of the number, even if they had been civilized, but the -probability is, that there would not have been so many victims if -they had been rescued as children, and been taught what was right and -really civilized. To live such a life as they now lead in towns among -Europeans is not being civilized. - -Not one of the Annesfield school children have ever shown the slightest -wish to return to the bush; and from their parents and other relatives -visiting them they have had opportunities enough to do so, if they had -chosen to go. They duly appreciate civilization, and it has not injured -the health of any of them, but, on the contrary, several that were ill -when they came have improved in health. - -It can scarcely be said that the civilization of the aborigines has -been attempted in Western Australia. Five or six schools have at -different times been established; some of these by private societies -or individuals, and the remainder by Government. But there has been -no organized system adopted, such as is necessary to the carrying out -any great work. How little can any single school do! In the Annesfield -Government Institution it has been the aim to prove that the natives -are capable of being made useful members of society, and, what is -more, that they are capable of understanding and embracing the great -truths of salvation; and the result is fully satisfactory. But this -institution is limited to 24 children. - -The aborigines are like so much material without capital or tools -to fashion it. For in a country such as this, where there are so -many profitable {64} ways of employing money and labour, few can be -found willing to furnish either of these requisites for this work -of benevolence and unsought justice. It is said that nothing can be -effected among the adult natives. But the colony has now been in the -possession of the English 31 years, and if the then parents had been -induced to give up their children for training, or even if they had -given them up three or four years after, when they had got to know us -as a friendly people, there would now be few of them in the settled -districts but such as would have had the opportunity of being civilized. - - ANNE CAMFIELD. - - -CEYLON. - -In reply to Miss Nightingale’s question, “Whether we can civilize the -native people without killing them?” it is gratifying to be able to -assure her, that in Ceylon the native population, both of Singhalese -and Tamil race, instead of declining and dying off before the European -settlers, is rapidly increasing, and that the number both of our -schools and scholars would be far greater than it is, if only we had -the means of maintaining them at command. - - J. COLOMBO. - -The steady increase of population, however, except perhaps in the -remotest districts, which education in any form has not yet reached, -inclines me to believe that schools, whether conducted on the native -or English systems, have proved an unqualified benefit to the people, -and that, instead of inducing or extending disease of any kind, many of -those enumerated in Miss Nightingale’s list being unknown in Ceylon, -they have, by even temporarily withdrawing those who by reason of their -tender age are most subject to the injurious consequences of bad habits -and premature exertion, secured for them a remarkable immunity from the -prevailing diseases of the country for the remainder of their lives. - - C. P. LAYARD, Govt. Agent. - - -[Sidenote: See Tables V. and W., pp. 50 and 51.] - -The principal civil medical officer has prepared returns to show the -diseases of the Singhalese and mixed races, and of the Malabars. The -deaths among the latter are in the proportion of 20 per cent. against -8 per cent. among the former. This remarkable disproportion in the -mortality may be accounted for by the starving condition in which -the Malabar coolies generally arrive in this colony; their uncleanly -habits; their abstinence from animal food, and, as a consequence, -the low standard of their vital organization; and exposure without -sufficient clothing in the cold climate of the hills. They sink rapidly -under attacks of diarrhœa, dysentery, and anasarca. - -The diseases which are most prevalent and fatal among the native races -are such as are incidental to this climate, viz., fever, chiefly of -the intermittent type, bowel complaints, and anasarca, while cases -of scrofula and consumption, to which Miss Nightingale alludes as -prevalent “among those converted to Christian civilization,” are -happily seldom met with. - -The Commission states, in reply to Miss Nightingale’s question, “Can -we civilize these people without killing them?” that those diseases -which are supposed to be attendant on European civilization are not -common among the native inhabitants of the colony, and that, so far -from the natives dying out before the march of civilization, the native -population is on the increase in the neighbourhood of the larger towns, -while it is only in the remote and less civilized districts that -the population is decreasing, and this from causes which are being -gradually removed by the spread of education. - - C. J. MAC CARTHY - - -It will doubtless be satisfactory to Miss Nightingale to learn that -scrofula and consumption are not common diseases among the native -inhabitants of the colony, and that, so far from the efforts made to -civilize the people having the effect of causing the extinction of the -native races in this colony, the natives in the neighbourhood of the -larger towns are rapidly increasing in numbers, while in some of the -remoter districts where schools are as yet unknown the population is -decreasing. Amongst the causes of this decrease may be mentioned the -hateful practice of polyandry, now happily forbidden by law, and the -want of proper sustenance, the result partly of imperfect means of -cultivation. A better state of things is gradually being brought about -by {65} the spread of education, and by this very civilization which -is said to be likely to cause the extinction of the native races. - - J. F. DICKSON. - - -_Remarks by the Rev. Mr. Ondoatjee._ - - -MATURA. - -In reference to the reasons which induced Miss Nightingale to enter on -the present field of inquiry, it may be stated that the conversion of -the natives of this island to Christianity, so far from its exerting -any fatal or injurious effect on health and life, has vastly improved -their condition socially as well as physically. Christian civilization -is doing much for them; and the only hope we have of raising the people -from that state of moral degradation in which they are found throughout -the country is by imparting to them the knowledge of Christian truth, -which never fails to produce the happiest effects on their habits of -life in general, though it may occasionally happen, that by intercourse -with foreigners, vices inimical to longevity are learnt by the -aborigines. On the whole, however, it cannot for a moment be doubted -that it is to the introduction of Christianity, and, along with it, of -European science and European literature, that we have to look for the -gradual amelioration of the condition of the races that inhabit this -island; and, consequently, it appears to me that no effort should be -spared to extend the benefits of a sound Christian education (giving -it as much as possible a practical tone and character) throughout the -length and breadth of this beautiful and interesting country. It must -be admitted that there has been but little done as yet in the island in -the way of Christian civilization; but those who are in a position to -compare the state of things at present with what it was 20 or 30 years -ago admit that there are signs of progress to be seen in various parts -of the island, and surely this as a ground of encouragement is not to -be despised or underrated. - - W. C. MACREADY, - Acting Asst. Agent. - - Matura, 20th December 1860. - - -MAURITIUS. - -[Sidenote: Vide Tables T. and U., pp. 48 and 49.] - -This return contains the numbers of admissions to, deaths and -discharges from, the civil hospital, during the last six years, of the -creoles and Indians, which may be taken to represent the aboriginal -population of this island, although few, except the creoles, are really -natives. It will be seen that the rate of deaths is very large, and -this, without explanation, might give rise to false inference as to -the healthfulness of the island. The general death rate of the Indians -throughout the island for 1859 was 25 per 1,000, or only 2 per 1,000 -above that of all England for 1858; and, when it is considered that -all, or almost all, the Indians are agricultural labourers or servants, -and from the nature of their labour much exposed to casualties, such a -death rate points to Mauritius as (what it is) an exceedingly healthy -locality. Why then so large a mortality as 22 per cent. in the civil -hospital? The answer is readily given by the fact that the same -prejudice against hospitals exists among the Indians and creoles here -as among the poorer classes in England, but in an exaggerated degree, -and consequently that a very large proportion of absolutely hopeless -cases are admitted; so much is this the case, that in 1860, out of 696 -deaths, no less than 108 died within 24 hours after admission, and -nearly one-half of the deaths occurred within the first week. - -In this return two epidemics of cholera are included; one of very -severe character in 1856, and a smaller one in 1859, which carried -off above 306 patients. The most fatal diseases, it will be seen, are -dysentery, diarrhœa, phthisis, dropsy, and fever. The greater number -of the cases of dysentery admitted are old worn-out cases in the -last stage of emaciation, filth, and misery; many of them abandoned -by their friends, picked up by the police, and brought into hospital -to die. The greater part of the cases entered as diarrhœa in former -years were undoubtedly either dysentery or phthisis; the latter is -as prevalent (if not more so) among all classes of inhabitants as in -England. The cases of dropsy depend on the same causes as in Europe, -but many cases are seen which present scarcely any morbid change in -any of the organs. Fever is of very low type, and true typhus and -typhoid are not unfrequent. Although many of the Indians and creoles -are habitual drunkards, cases of delirium tremens are very rare. -Leprosy is a frequent and fearful disease among creoles and Indians, -but the frequency is not shown in the return, as, until {66} lately, -all the cases of leprosy were sent to a ward for that purpose in the -lunatic asylum. This disease rarely occurs among Europeans arrived from -Europe, it is more frequent among creoles of European parents born in -the island, and very much more so among the mixed African race and the -Indians. Tetanus, both traumatic and idiopathic, occurs very much more -frequently than in Europe. - - P. B. AYRES, M.D. Lond., - Surgeon in charge. - - Civil Hospital, Port Louis, - 22d June 1861. - - -CANADA. - -Diseases of malarious origin are most numerous among Indians as well -as whites, the former comparing favourably with the latter as far as -health is concerned. - - R. H. DEE, M.D. - - -MANITOWANING. - -[Sidenote: Vide Tables X. and Y. pp. 52 and 53.] - -As regards the diseases it is easy to perceive that some predominate -over others; for instance, chronicus rheumatismus, worms, porrigo, -bronchitis chronica, phthisis pulmonalis, and others. These, of course, -in a great measure originate from the careless and dirty habits of the -semi-civilized Indians, along with their daily exposure to all sorts -of weather without having different clothing to wear in winter from -that which they have been in the habit of using during the summer; in -addition to which, their living principally upon corn and potatoes -(fish not always being procurable), which induces the production of -worms, and at the same time being a sort of food very unsuitable for -children. Scrofula is universal amongst them, and in a great measure -is produced from their near intermarriages; and it is quite a common -circumstance for a boy of 16 or 17 to marry a girl of the same age, -and very often much younger; hence the offspring of such parents -must necessarily be weak and degenerate, and in consequence of their -hereditary debility more liable to the attacks of illness. Again, those -Indians uncivilized living at a great distance in the interior, and -who come down occasionally to trade with the Hudson’s Bay Company, I -have always been given to understand were for the most part generally -healthy, much more so than those of the semi-civilized tribes. I myself -have had but little communication with them, as they seldom visit our -island, but the officers of the Company’s service, with whom I have -become acquainted, have always expressed but one opinion upon the -subject. - - DAVID LAYTON. - - -In running over the diseases for the last five years, many cases of -common occurrence, not of dangerous or severe nature, are omitted, -from the fact that no particular inventory was required, so that the -enclosed number of cases are merely taken at the time of attendance -from their symptoms and necessity for peculiar or active treatment. - -You are aware that the Savnia Indians are principally Christians, or -call themselves such, although living in a half-civilized state. For -one portion of the year they are living in warm comfortable houses, -while provisions and the necessaries of life are easily procured by -them; during this period they are happy and contented, little sickness -prevailing. The other portion of the year, from a peculiar propensity, -I suppose inherent in the race, _they take to the bush_, while their -living in wigwams, scant of clothing, provisions hard to be obtained, -exposed to all the vicissitudes of climate, wet feet, &c., as a natural -consequence _intermittents, remittent, and other fevers, rheumatism, -laryngitis, bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, phthisis pulmonalis, -follow invariably_. - -_Their diversity of diet_ and method of living has a most pernicious -influence in causing dyspepsia, worms, and most other ills to which -the alimentary canal is liable, while congestion of liver, lungs, and -irritation of bladder are of very frequent occurrence in a mild form; -_from this cause_ the whole tribe suffer, even to children of a year -old. - -What may have been their ailments while in a heathen state I cannot -say, not being in attendance on them, but from what I hear of the -number of deaths at that period, from variola before the introduction -of vaccination, exposure, scant clothing and diet, and changes of -climate, &c., it must have been enormous; to draw any definite result -or give an average of deaths from their former and present mode of -living would be impossible on my part. The few families of {67} -_Christian Indians_ on the reserve who live as _whites_ are just as -healthy, and increase in numbers equally, while the whole tribe, as -they are at present, increase yearly. - - THOMAS W. JOHNSTON, M.D., - Savnia, C. W. - - -NEW ZEALAND. - -As to the sanitary state of the native population, I regret to state, -not only from the information of several gentlemen with whom during -my mission I had an opportunity of conversing, but also from personal -observation and inquiry, that they are by no means in that healthy -state which one would be led to expect when compared with the advance -they have made in other respects. In the former it would appear that -they are retrograding, and this decline is especially visible in -and near the European towns, and easily attributable to causes, the -prevalence of which is more or less detrimental to any body of persons, -but felt in a greater degree in a mixed community of Europeans and -natives. In illustration of this, I may mention the comparatively few -births, while from the census it will be seen that a greater equality -of the sexes prevails than was generally believed to be the case -throughout the entire districts; and perhaps, therefore, the most -favourable conclusion to form is, that the native population is not -increasing, or, in other words, that, taking the deaths and births -into account, it is likely to remain stationary for some time to come, -unless swept off by some unusual and fatal disease. - - H. TACY KEMP, - Native Secretary. - - Wellington, - 15 June 1850. - - - LONDON - - Printed by GEORGE E. EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, - Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - -Scanned page images of the original book are available from -archive.org, search for sanitarystatisti00nigh. Original spelling and -grammar are generally retained, with a few exceptions noted below. -Original page numbers look like this: {35}. Footnotes are left near -their original locations. The transcriber produced the cover image -by editing the original, and hereby places it in the public domain. -Quotations extending through more than one line of text were printed -with a left-quotation mark at the head of each line. These have been -converted to modern quotation style. Ditto marks have been sometimes -removed, by replacement of the mark with appropriate text. The book -was printed with sidenotes, many which pointed to a specific table in -Appendix I. Those which were semantically headings, were converted to -headings. - -Page 14. Comma was inserted after _personal_, in “the improved personal -physical, and moral habits”. - -Page 20. Table A, which originally spread in small print over about -6 1/2 pages, was split into three distinct tables (A1–A3), on the -Colony Headings in Column 1. Sub-table A1 comprises Colonies Sierra -Leone, Western Australia, and Natal. Sub-table A2 covers Ceylon. -Sub-table A3 covers Canada. Then each of the three sub-tables was split -into two Parts after column 13, with the first column repeated in each -Part. - -Page 26. Table A. a. was split into two parts after column 11, -repeating the first column in both parts. - -Page 29. Table G. was split into two parts after column 11, -repeating the first column in both parts. - -Page 30. Table H was split into three tables, (H1–H3), on the Colony -headings in column 1, the headings being the same as for Table A, see -above. Then each sub-table was split after column 7, repeating column 1 -in both Parts. - -Page 36. In Table H, there are five succussive rows headed by -_Milagria_ _Dehiwella_, _Attidiya vernacular school_, _Weligampittia_, -and _Dandogame_. In column five, the corresponding entries were 5,″, -- -, ″, and ″, respectively. In this edition, the spaced hyphens have -been converted to an em dash, and the three ditto marks are made “5”. -There is ample room for debate about this judgment, however. - -Page 40. Tables I and K each had three tall RIGHT CURLY BRACKETs -intended to combine the information in two or three table cells. This -edition removes the brackets, and combines the information into one -cell per bracket, by the use of the word _or_. Other tables containing -tall brackets were handled in the same way. ¶ Furthermore, in Table -K, in the second column opposite _Rheumatismus acutus or Rheumatismus -chronicus_, there were three spaced hyphens; also in the last row, -2nd column. The rest of the data in columns 2–4 were either numbers -or em dashes. The meaning of the spaced hyphens is not clear to the -transcriber, and all such, even in other tables, have been converted to -em dashes. - -Page 41. Table L was split into two parts after column 13, retaining -the first column in both parts. Same for Table P, page 44, and for -Table R, page 46, and for Table T, page 48. - -Page 50. Table V, column 2, opposite _Chest diseases_, changed “20 7” -to “20·7”. Also split the table same as for L, P, R, and T. Table X, -page 52, was also split. - -Page 59. In the table, _Phthsis_ was changed to _Phthisis_. - -Page 65. There is in the printed book a centered heading in italics -“_Remarks by the Rev. Mr. Ondoatjee._” The sidenote adjacent to -the paragraph following is “MATURA.” There is no other mention of -“Ondoatjee” in the book. Without understanding the significance of -this reference to “Ondoatjee”, the transcriber has made both of these -headings of the same level (h3 in html code). - -Page 66. In the sidenote, _MANATOWANING_ was changed to _MANITOWANING_. -Also, _ana verage_ was changed to _an average_. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial -Schools and Hospitals, by Florence Nightingale - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SANITARY STATISTICS *** - -***** This file should be named 52653-0.txt or 52653-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/2/6/5/52653/ - -Produced by MWS, RichardW, and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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