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diff --git a/old/52657.txt b/old/52657.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 74ca0e0..0000000 --- a/old/52657.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1191 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Treatise of Cleanness in Meats and -Drinks, of the Preparation of Food, the Excellency of Good Airs, and the Benefits of Clean, by Tho. Tryon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license - - -Title: A Treatise of Cleanness in Meats and Drinks, -of the Preparation of Food, the Excellency of Good Airs, -and the Benefits of Clean - -Author: Tho. Tryon - -Release Date: July 27, 2016 [EBook #52657] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A TREATISE OF CLEANNESS *** - - - - -Produced by Larry B. Harrison, readbueno and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by the Library of Congress) - - - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - A - - TREATISE - Of CLEANNESS in - Meats and Drinks, - OF THE - PREPARATION of FOOD, - - - THE - - Excellency of Good Airs, - - AND THE - - BENEFITS of Clean Sweet BEDS. - - Also of the - - Generation of Bugs, - - AND THEIR CURE. - - To which is added, - - A SHORT DISCOURSE - - OF THE - - _PAIN_ in the _TEETH_, - - Shewing from what Cause it does chiefly proceed, and - also how to prevent it. - - By _T H O. T R Y O N_. - - _L O N D O N_, Printed for the Author, - and sold by _L. Curtis_ near _Fleet-Bridge_. - - 1682. - - _Of Cleanness in Meats and Drinks. Of the Excellency of Good Airs, and - of the contrary. Of the Benefits of Clean Sweet Beds, and of the - Inconveniences of Feather-Beds. What Matter it is that does occasion - the Generation of that pernicious Vermin called Bugs, that so many - Hundreds in this City, and other great Towns, are infested with; - more especially in_ Holland, Italy, New-England, Barbadoes, Jamaica, - _and in many other Places. That they are never bred but where Beds - are: And that their being generated from Wooden Bedsteads, or from - Hogs Hair in the Plaisterings of the Walls, is a meer Story, - promoted inconsiderately by Persons mistaken in the Productions of - Nature: Also, How all such Persons as are troubled with them may be - cured without using Medicines, and Directions how to avoid ever - having them again._ - - - - - I. _Of Cleanness in Food._ - - -What is more profitable for all Lovers of Health and Wisdom, than Food -that is Radically Clean? And as Bread hath deservedly the first Place, -together with Herbs, and various sorts of excellent Fruits; so the next -is Milk, which of it self is a brave, mild, and most friendly Food to -Nature, very fit and profitable for all Ages and Complexions; and if it -do not agree with some People, it is because their Stomachs are made -sharp and soured by superfluity of dainty Food, and the continual use of -strong Drink. Also Milk being altered, it makes many sorts of wholesom -healthy Food. Next to these, are various sorts of Flesh, which being -killed in their proper Times and Seasons, and when they are free from -their Uncleannesses, Surfeits, and other Inconveniences, which most -Beasts are subject to; and if care be taken also that they be well and -moderately seasoned with Salt, and boyled in plenty of River or -Spring-water (which is the best of all Waters except Rain-water) they -become wholesom Nourishment. For, River-water hath the advantage of -running through various sorts of Earth, by which it sucks into it self a -fat, oylie, and saline Quality, which the Surface of the Earth does -plentifully afford; which also is the cause of all Vegitation, and the -lovely Green Colour which all Vegitables are cloth'd with, does arise -from this Saline Quality. For these Reasons, River-water will Brew, -Boil, and Wash, and it is more profitable in all Uses in Houswifery, -than Spring or Pump-water, and far wholesomer for Men and Beasts to -drink. Also your Vessel in which your Food is boyled, ought to be -uncovered all the time it boyls; for if the Air have not its free egress -and regress, the pure Spirits in the Food become as it were suffocated, -and then the Food so prepared becomes dull and heavy; for the Air is the -Essential Life of the Spirit; and all Food that hath not plenty of -Water, and the free Influences of the Air, in its Preparation, does -certainly lose its natural Colour, with the pure Smell and Taste: for if -those three Qualities be not preserved in all Preparations of Food, then -the genuine Vertue and lively Tinctures are in part lost. The same is to -be observed in all Physical Operations. And if the above-mentioned Order -be not observed, then the Food is not so pleasant to the Pallate, nor so -easie of Concoction; it lies heavy in the Stomach, dulling and -stupifying the Senses; it generates a gross Nourishment, and bad Blood, -whence does proceed many Diseases: Whereas if the above-mentioned Rules -be observed, and your Fire quick, that your Food do not stand still, or -cease from boyling, till it be sufficiently done, the Effects are -contrary. It is also much better the Food should be a little -under-prepared, than too much: For when the gross phlegmatick Body of -any Food is by Preparation digested, then presently the lively -spirituous Quality is set at liberty, whence does proceed a most -pleasant Smell and Taste; which pleasant Quality, before the -Preparation, lay hid or captivated in the Body of Phlegm; but so soon as -this phlegmatick Body is in part destroyed, the Spirit becomes Volatile; -and then, if the Preparation be continued, those pure Spirits do either -become suffocated, or evaporate; and then the sweet Balsamick Body turns -as it were sour. For these Reasons, all sorts of Food, either over -prepared, or twice prepared, are of a strong fulsom taste and smell; as -all Meats heat again, and also Pottages, and all such things, do -obstruct Nature, and generate many Diseases. But if the forementioned -Rules be observed, the Food so prepared is not only more pleasant to the -Pallate, but far lighter of Digestion, and breeds better Blood. For that -Universal Distemper (the _Scurvy_) which reigns so much in _England_, is -chiefly caused by Food ill prepared, and the eating of too much Flesh, -and Fat things, especially in the improper Seasons of the Year, _viz._ -from _July_ to the last of _November_. In this Season the Sun, which is -the true Life and Power of all things, declines; and all sorts of -Herbage, which is the Food of all Beasts that are generally eaten, doth -the same: The Grass all this Season is fraught with a gross phlegmatick -Matter; besides, it is a fainty hot time; the Air, which is the -Cherishing Life of all things, is more gross, and full of Humidity, than -all other times of the Year; the Spirits of all sorts of Creatures are -also weak, and on any Accidents are quickly wounded, or evaporated, more -especially those Beasts that come from remote Parts to great Cities. -Besides, it is then the principal time of their Generating, which -renders them unclean. Are not the People ten-fold as sickly in this -Season, and double the number die, than they do at other times? Also you -may observe, That the Rots amongst Sheep, and Murrains that attend other -Beasts, are all or most of them in this Season: Therefore all sorts of -People ought to be more careful of their Health, both in Exercises, -Meats, and Drink, that they do not exceed either in quantity, nor eat -things that are improper in quality. This is the time that all -Shepherds, and also those that are Drivers of Horses, and indeed all -that have the Government of Cattel, ought to have and use double the -prudence in the management of them, than at other Seasons of the Year, -as I have more largely discoursed in a small Treatise, which I intend to -put forth, if I am permitted, of the Preservation of Sheep from the Rot, -and Horses from Surfeits. - -There are three Marks by which every one may know whether the Flesh be -good. The first is by its pure White and brisk Red Colour, when Raw. The -second is by its continuing its firmness, being plump or swelled when -boyled, having a brisk and lively Taste, and that after eating it feels -easie and pleasant in the Stomach. The third is, by its taking Salt -well; for if your Flesh be free from Heat and Surfeits, and not -over-fed, which charges the Body with gross Phlegm; as also if it be not -kept longer after it is killed (as indeed it ought not) than it be -thought to be cold, before it is salted; all such Flesh will take Salt -greedily, and it will not only keep longer from Putrifaction, but it -will eat much sweeter, and breed better Nourishment. For, if any sort of -Cattel be over-fed, surfeited, or any other Inconveniency attends them, -and they be killed before they have recovered themselves of those -Injuries; or if it be in _August_, _September_, or _October_, this Flesh -will not take Salt so well as the former, neither will the Salt preserve -it half so long from Corruption. Also, as it is before-mentioned, if -Flesh be kept too long after it be killed, such Flesh will not receive -Salt into it, as other will, which is salted as soon as it is cold: For -by keeping it does certainly lose its pure Spirituous Quality, so that -the Body becomes heavy, gross, and dull. Does not the Life and Spirits -of most sorts of Food waste and evaporate by keeping, if there be not a -proper way of Preservation used? If Flesh, by any Inconveniencies, have -lost its pure lively Spirits and Vertue, Salt then hath no power to -preserve such Flesh from Putrifaction: For Salt cannot preserve the Body -from Corruption, but by vertue of the pure subtile Spirits, which are a -pleasant Habitation for the Salt to incorporate it self with: For Salt -will not preserve Flesh from Putrifaction, any longer than the Vertue -and Power of the Spirit does continue, as it does appear by all salted -Flesh and Fish: For through length of time the Spirits become either -suffocated, or evaporated, and then it presently falls into -Putrifaction: And yet this same Flesh does still continue Salt; for Salt -does not destroy and purge the Flesh from its Corruption, but -incorporates it self with the Essential Spirits, and those two do as it -were tie or hold the corrupt Part Captive, till the Spirit and Life of -the Flesh be spent or wasted, and then the Flesh falls into -Putrifaction, which cannot be recovered, eitheir by Salting, or any -other Art, to its first state: But if the Salt had purged or destroyed -the Humidity and gross part, then there would have been no Room nor -Matter for Putrifaction, and then it would have continued firm and -sound, as many other things do, which are freed from that gross humid -Matter from which Putrifaction does proceed. Therefore Flesh is -naturally the most unclean of all Food, it being of a gross phlegmatick -Nature; and if Care be not taken, and Order and Temperance observed in -the Eater, it generates abundance of crude and noxious Humours. - -2. Cleanness in Houses, especially in Beds, is a great Preserver of -Health. Now Beds for the most part stand in Corners of Chambers, and -being ponderous close Substances, the refreshing Influences of the Air -have no power to penetrate or destroy the gross Humidity that all such -Places contract, where the Air hath not its free egress and regress. In -these shady dull Places Beds are continued for many Years, and hardly -see the Sun or Elements. Besides, Beds suck in and receive all sorts of -pernicious Excrements that are breathed forth by the Sweating of various -sorts of People, which have Leprous and Languishing Diseases, which lie -and die on them: The Beds, I say, receive all these several Vapours and -Spirits, and the same Beds are often continued for several Generations, -without changing the Feathers, until the Ticks be rotten. Besides, we -have many Feathers that are Imported from several Countries, which are -the Drivings of old Beds, the Uncleanness whereof is not considered. As -to the Nature of Feathers, they are of a strong, hot, fulsom Quality: -for, Fowls, of all Creatures, are for the most part the hottest; and -their Feathers contain the same Nature: Therefore the constant lying on -soft Feather-beds, does not only over-heat the Back and Reins, weakning -the Joynts and Nerves; but they have power also not only to receive but -retain all evil Vapours and Excrements that proceed from, and are -breathed forth by various Diseased People. Hence it comes to pass, that -sundry Distempers are transferred from one to another, by lying upon or -in such Beds, which Distempers do secretly steal on a Man by degrees, so -that he cannot imagine whence the disorder proceeds, or what the Cause -thereof should be. But I would not have the Reader mistake me; all -People are not subject to get Diseases this way: There are some whose -Constitutions are strong, and their Natural Heat and Spirits are -vigorous and lively, by the Power and Vertue whereof they withstand and -repel all such evil Vapours and Scents as do proceed from such Beds, -when a Man is hot and sweats in them, that they have no power to seise -the Spirit: But, on the contrary, when such People shall lie on such -Beds, whose Natural Heat is weak, their Spirits few, and whose Central -Heat is not able to withstand or repel those Vapours and Scents which -such Beds send forth when a Man is hot in them, this last sort of People -are subject to receive Injuries, and contract Diseases: For those evil -Vapours do powerfully penetrate the whole Body; and if they are not -withstood by the Central Heat and Power of the Spirits, then these evil -Vapours do seise the Spirits, and incorporate themselves with their -Likenesses: For every particular thing does sensibly and powerfully seek -out its Likeness, and wheresoever it finds its Simile, it hath power to -incorporate, and become essential. These are the chief Reasons why one -Man gets Diseases by lying with Diseased Persons, and in unclean Beds, -and others not. It is a general Custom, when Men go abroad or travel, to -desire clean Sheets, imagining them to be a sufficient Bulwark to defend -them from the pernicious Fumes and Vapours of old stale Beds; but it is -too short. For, it is certain, that most or all Beds do perfectly stink, -not only those in Inns and Houses of Entertainment, but others: Not but -that every ones Bed does smell indifferent well to himself; but when he -lies in a strange Bed, let a Man but put his Nose into the Bed when he -is thorowly hot, and hardly any Common Vault is like it. - -Now this sort of Uncleanness, which does proceed from old Beds, is not -only the greatest, but also the most injurious to the Health and -Preservation of Mankind, and the least care is taken to prevent it: -Every one that can, will have plentiful Changes both of Linen and -Woollen Garments; for if they have not, Experience does shew, that the -Excrements and Breathings of the Body will generate Vermin. Also do not -most People take care that their Furnitures are daily brushed and -rubbed, and their very Floors washed, as though they were to eat their -Food on them? But all this while they lie on Beds that have not been -changed, or hardly aired, in several Years. Let any indifferent Person -judge, which is most pleasurable and healthful, to have a clean Floor to -tread on, which costs many hard days Labour to keep so, and is dirtied -in a Moments time; or to have a clean sweet Bed to lye on. There is no -Comparison to be made, the difference is so great; the one being -essential either to Health or Sickness, the other an indifferent thing. -If there was but the tenth part of the Care taken to keep Beds clean and -sweet, as there is of Clothing and Furniture, then there would be no -Matter for the getting of Diseases, nor for the Generation of Bugs. I -would have all Housewifes, and others, consider the Reasons of these -things. Are not Lice, that troublesom Vermin, bred from the Breathings -of the Body, for want of often Change both of Linnen and Woollen? And -will not Fleas breed from the very Dust of Chambers where People lie? -Also any Woollen that hath been used about Beds, although the cold -Winter hath destroyed them, yet if these Clothes lie in any close place, -where the Air hath not its free egress and regress, these very Garments -will generate Fleas the Summer following: but if these Clothes had never -been used about Men and Women, they would never have bred Fleas: for -there is no Matter of Element in Wooll or Cloth for the Generation of -such Creatures; but Wooll, Cloth, Furs, and Hair are chiefly the Element -of Moths, and sometimes of small Worms; that is, if such things are kept -in Places where the refreshing Influences of the Air have not their free -egress: for all such Places do contract great store of Moisture, which, -when hot Weather comes, causeth Putrifaction, whence all such Vermin do -proceed. But if those things be in daily use, and exposed to the open -Element, they never breed any Vermin: So that the Generation of those -things are generally caused by Accidents; not but that there is Matter -in the Radixes of such things for the Generation of such Vermin. - -3. From the pernicious Smells and putrified Vapours that do proceed from -old Beds, are generated the Vermin called Bugs, (of which, neither the -Ancients, nor the Modern Writers of this Age, have taken any notice) -according to the Degrees of Uncleanness, Nature of the Excrements, and -the Closeness of the Places where Beds stand: for some Peoples -Excrements are not so unclean as others: Also in all close Places, -especially in Cities and Great Towns, the Spirits and thin Vapours of -the Air are suffocated, which makes the same Air Sulphurous and Humid, -whence does proceed Putrifaction. Therefore it is not to be thought a -General Rule, _That all old Beds should breed Bugs_, as some (who are -ignorant of the Operations of Nature) will be apt to say, _If one Bed do -breed them, why not all?_ No, it is according to the nature of the -Uncleanness, and other Accidents that do happen: For where (as is said -before) the thin pure Air, with the refreshing Influences of the Sun and -Elements, have their free egress and regress, all such Matter is -destroyed whence such Vermin is produced. The Original of these -Creatures called Bugs is from Putrifaction, occasioned by stinking -Scents and Vapours which do proceed from the Bodies and Nature of Men -and Women, and the mixing or incorporating of these Vapours with moist -and sulphurous Airs: For where there is no Heat nor Humidity, there can -begin no Putrifaction. Therefore all that have attributed the Generation -of this Vermin to Wood, as Bedsteads, and the like, are grosly mistaken -in the Productions of Nature; for there is no Matter in Wood that can -generate such a Vermin, it being productive only or chiefly of two -Creatures in _England_, _viz._ of Wood-Lice, and a small Worm. These -Wood-Lice are never generated but in Places where the Sun and Air have -not their free Influences, so that there is store of Humidity -contracted; and when the Sun comes to such Degrees of the Zodiack, this -Creature is generated, which is of as different a Nature from Bugs, as -sweet Wood is from a stinking Bed. Also Wood does breed a certain small -Worm, but never till the Salts Nature and Power is decayed through -length of time; then the Air enters it, which does presently cause it to -contract a humid Quality, from whence proceeds Putrifaction, whereof, -when the Sun is powerful, this Worm is bred. But so long as Wood -continues sound, and is kept dry, the Air having its free Influences on -it, I affirm, That no sort of Wood ever breeds any kind of Vermin. - -4. There are many also that attribute the Generation of this Creature to -Hogs Hair, which being mixed with Lime, and Houses Plaistered with it, -does occasion (say they) the Generation of Bugs. Now it is most certain, -that there is no possibility in Nature for this Production: For no kind -of Hair ever breeds any Living Creature, except it be put into Water or -Mud when the Sun is powerful, and then this Creature, thus generated, -retains its first _Species_, _viz._ a Hair, with a live Head, which was -its Element whence it proceeded: but if you take it out of the Water, it -presently dies: So also it doth when the Sun declines in Heat, as most -sorts of Vermin that are bred through Heat and Moisture do. But Hair -being mixed with Lime, all Matter of Generation is thereby totally -destroyed: For Lime does chiefly contain a harsh, fiery, keen, sharp, -corroding Quality; it is so sharp, that it does destroy all Life, and is -as contrary to it, as Light is to Darkness; the predominant Quality in -it is the Salts Nature, from which no Living Creature can be produced. -Besides, if there were never so much Matter in Hair for the Generation -of such Vermin, Lime would destroy it; for in Lime there is only a -Sal-nitral fiery Vertue. - -5. If the Reasons before-mentioned be not sufficient to convince the -Ignorant of their erroneous Opinions in this particular, then I hope the -following one will, which is more familiar to every one. It hath never -been known, that this troublesom Vermin was ever seen in Warehouses, -Kitchens, Parlours, Dining-rooms, or any Places where Beds have never -been, except they have by accident been brought into such Rooms or -Warehouses, by Furniture of Chambers that have been troubled with them, -though all such Places have the same Furniture as Chambers, except Beds. - -6. From the same Substance or Matter whence Bugs are bred, is also -occasioned the Generation of many nasty Diseases in the Blood; so that -the destruction of the Matter that breeds them, is of greater -Consequence than most People are sensible of: And if these following -Rules be observed, I dare affirm, That the Generation of Bugs will -cease, and also many other Inconveniencies and Distempers, that are got -by this sort of Uncleanness, will be avoided. - -First, You are to destroy all Press-Bedsteads which stand in Corners of -Rooms, being made up with Boards so close, that the Air cannot penetrate -or dry up and consume the moist sulphurous Vapours that are contracted. -These sorts of Beds, that stand so, are apt to have them more than -others. Also you are to set your other sorts of Beds as near as you can -in the most Airie Places of your Rooms, exposing them to the Air the -most part of the day, with your Chamber-Windows open, that the Air may -freely pass, which is the most excellent Element, that does sweeten all -things, and prevents Putrifaction. In the Night also you ought not to -have your Window-Curtains drawn, nor your Curtains that are about your -Beds; for it hinders the sweet refreshing Influences of the Air, so that -the Air of all close Places becomes of a hot sulphurous Nature and -Operation; the thin pure Vapours, which do wonderfully refresh Nature, -are as it were suffocated: And this preventing the Influences of the -Air, is in an especial manner observable, when People are sick, or out -of order; as though the sweet pleasant Air had been the Cause of their -Disease: such Rooms being so very close, with great Fires in them, that -if a healthy Person do but continue three or four Hours in them, the -fulsom Steams and thick Vapours will much disorder him, and take away -the edge of his Appetite: And if so, what will the Operation be on those -whose Spirits are weak and disordered with Distempers? - -What is more pleasant and healthful than good Air? It chears and -comforts the Spirits, it opens the Passages of the Joynts and Nerves, it -purifies the Blood, creates an Appetite, increasing Strength and Vigour: -But, on the contrary, hot, thick, sulphurous Airs do not only obstruct -the Passages of the Spirits, but suffocate them, loading the Joynts and -Nerves with evil Juices, whereby the Limbs and Members become full of -pain, causing a general Tenderness to possess the whole Body, and -destroying the Appetite, and the Power of the Digestive Faculty in the -Stomach. Also, do not all Houses and Places grow musty, and contract too -great store of Moisture, if the Air be any way prevented, by -Window-shutters, or the like, that it cannot have its free egress and -regress? Therefore moderate Clothing, hard Beds, Houses that stand so as -that the pleasant Briezes of Wind may air and refresh them, and also -Houses that are full of Windows, are to be preferr'd: For where the Air -hath not its free Influences, the Spirit becomes dull and heavy, this -being the true Life of the Spirit in every thing. - -7. Now the certain Means and Way not onely to prevent the Generation of -this Vermin, but also to preserve Health and Strength, are Straw, or -rather Chaff-Beds, with Ticks of Canvas, and Quilts made of Wooll or -Flocks to lay on them; which certainly is the most easie and pleasant -Lodging that can be invented: and a little Custom will make it appear -friendly to Nature, and in every respect far beyond the softest -Feather-beds, on which, when a Man lies down, he sinks into them, as -into an Hole, with Banks rising on each side of him; especially if two -lie together, when first they go to Bed they lie close, and after a -little time, when they begin to be hot or sweat, they are generally -willing to lie a little further off, that they may cool themselves, but -cannot do it without great difficulty and trouble, by reason of the -softness of the Bed, and those Banks that rise on each side. Besides, -such soft Feather-Beds do over-heat the Reins and Back, making all the -Parts tender, and causing Sweatings and many other Inconveniencies to -attend the Body. Feather-beds also are nothing so easie as Quilts, after -a little time being accustomed to them; they are also extream fulsom, -and by their Heat they do powerfully dry up the Radical Moisture, -causing a general Faintness to attend the whole Body. But, on the -contrary, hard, even Beds, that lie smooth, are not only easie through -custom, as is mentioned before; but a Man may turn freely, both sleeping -and waking: They harden and strengthen the whole Body, especially the -Back and Reins, make the Nerves and Sinews strong, preventing the -immoderate Evacuations by Sweating, and keeping the Body in a temperate -Heat. Besides, such Beds may be often changed, with but little Trouble, -and less Cost; they send forth no stinking Fumes or Steams, as -Feather-beds do; but are sweet and clean. Certainly nothing is more -healthy, next to Temperance in Meat and Drink, than clean hard Beds. - -8. All sorts of Beds, especially Feather-beds, ought to be changed, -driven, or washed, at the least three or four times in a Year; or else -it is impossible to keep them sweet and clean, and to prevent the -Generation of Vermin, or the other Inconveniencies before-mentioned. -Would not every one condemn a Man, if he should wear a Shirt a Year, and -lie in Sheets seven Years? Which if any should do, it would not either -endanger his Health, or bring half the Inconveniencies on his Body, as -old stinking Feather-beds do; which possibly stunk before ever they were -lain on, by reason of the fulsom Excrements that the Quills of the -Feathers contain. Also Feathers do certainly contain an unclean -putrified Matter, that hath a near affinity with the Nature of Bugs; and -therefore Feather-beds are more apt to breed them, than Wooll, or -Flocks; though both will do it, if the forementioned Rules be not -observed. But if you are not willing, or so lowly-minded, to have Straw -or Chaff-Beds under your Quilts, then you may have Flock-Beds, with -Canvas Tickings, which may be both aired and washed as often as you -please, with little Trouble and Charge. If any shall question the Truth -of what I have alledged concerning Beds, I desire they would please but -to try the Experiment, by filling a Bed with the freshest and cleanest -Straw or Chaff, which will smell very pleasant; and having so done, let -them lie on it half a Year, in a corner of a Room, as Beds generally -stand, and then smell to it; and in stead of sending forth a pleasant -Scent, as it did at first, it will send forth a strong, fulsom, musty -Steam or Fume. And if this will do so, what will Feathers do, that in -the Root of Nature are unclean fulsom Excrements, of a hot strong -Quality? Therefore they have the greater power not only to attract and -suck in to themselves the fulsom Excrements that are breathed forth of -the Body by Sweatings, and the like; but they have also power to retain -such evil Vapours: and when others come to lie on them, and are -thoroughly hot, it awakens those pernicious Steams, which often bring -many Inconveniencies on the Body. Besides, it is very unpleasant to lie -in such Beds; a Man must always be forced to keep his Nose above-board. -Indeed each Mans own Bed does not stink or smell strong to himself, -because he is accustomed to it; neither does a Tallow-Chandler smell -those horrible Scents and pernicious Fumes that old Tallow sends forth -when it is melted: But let any other Person, that is not accustomed to -it, be near such things, and it will be very offensive to him. Even so -it is in all other stinking Trades, and things of this nature: so that -the greatest Slut in the World does hardly smell her own House or Bed -stink: For in Man is contained the true Nature and Property of all -things, both of Good and Evil; therefore he is both liable and also apt -to receive all Impressions, and to be wrought on by all things he shall -either communicate with or joyn himself to, whether it be Cleanness, or -the contrary. Also by Meats, Drinks, and Communication, all things have -power, by a Sympathetical Operation, to work on Man, because he is like -unto all, bearing a proportionable Nature unto all things. If People did -understand this, they would prefer Sobriety and Temperance, with -Cleanness, far beyond what they do; and then Men would not be subject to -so many Diseases as now they are. - -9. Heat and Moisture is the Root of all Putrifaction; and therefore Bugs -are bred in Summer; but they live all the Winter, though they are not -then so troublesom. They harbour in Bedsteads, Holes, and Hangings, -Nitting and breeding as Lice do in Clothes: But all Men know, that -Woollen and Linnen are not the Element of Lice, but they are bred from -the fulsom Scents and Excrements that are breathed forth from the Body. -The very same Radix have Bugs; and if there be any difference, they are -from a higher Putrifaction, and therefore they are a more noisome -stinking Creature. - -10. The whole Preservation of Mens Health and Strength does chiefly -reside in the Wisdom and Temperance of Women. Therefore the ancient Wise -Men in former Ages, did direct and accustom their Women to a higher -degree of Temperance than the Men. Which Customs of Sobriety the Women -of several Countries do maintain to this day, as in _Spain_, great part -of _France_, _Italy_, and many great Countries under the Dominion of the -_Grand Seignior_. Their Women do always drink Water, their Food being -for the most part of a mean and simple Quality; and for this Reason -neither they nor their Children are subject to several Diseases which -our Women and Children are. Wine and strong Drink should be sparingly -drunk by Women, till they are past Child-bearing; because the frequent -and common drinking of strong Drinks, does generate various Distempers -in the Female Sex, such as are not fit to be discoursed of in this -Place, which their Children often bring with them into the World. If the -Seed be good, yet if the Ground be bad, it seldom brings forth good -Fruit. Also Women are our Nurses for fifteen or sixteen Years; and they -do not only suffer us to be Gluttons, by letting us eat and drink often, -of their ill-prepared Food, beyond the power of the Digestive Faculty, -and more than the Stomach can bear; but many of them will entice us to -Gluttony, and some will force their Children to eat even against their -Stomachs, till they cast it up again. Now if it be a difficult Point for -a Man of Age and Experience to observe the necessary Rules of -Temperance, how careful then ought Mothers and Nurses to be in ordering -their Children? A great part of the Children that die, especially in -Towns and Cities, is occasioned either by the Intemperance of their -Mothers, during the time they go with Child, or afterwards by their -unnatural and badly-prepared Food, and suffering them to eat to excess; -also by their keeping of them too warm, and too close from the Air, and -lapping of them up in several Double Clothes and Swathes, so tight, that -a Man may write on them, and then putting them into warm Beds, and -covering them up close. If a strong Man was so bound up, he could not -endure it, without great injury unto his Health. Besides, the -Window-Curtains are drawn, and also the Curtains about the Bed; by which -means the Air becomes so hot and sulphurous, that it causes great -Disorders to attend both the Mothers and the Children. This ill kind of -Management does also cause such a Tenderness both in the Mother and the -Child, that on every small occasion they are liable and apt to get -Colds, and divers other Distempers. - -Also Women have the entire Management of all things that concern our -Healths, during the whole time of our Lives; they prepare and dress our -Food, and order all things in our Houses, both for Bed and Board. There -is not one Man of a hundred that understands or takes any notice whether -his Food be well prepared or not; and if his Bed stinks, he is used to -it, and so counts it all well. Mens Time and Study is chiefly taken up -about getting a Livelihood, and providing things necessary for -themselves and Families; so that there is not one among a thousand that -understands any thing what belongs to the Preservation of his Health: -Whatever the Women do and say touching the Preparation of Food, and -other ordering of Families for Health, most Men believe, not making the -least scruple or question of the truth thereof. And well they may: For -the chiefest Doctors of our Times do bow before them, and are altogether -as subject to the Rules and Directions of Women, as other Men. Where are -your Doctors that teach Men Sobriety in their Lives, or the proper and -natural way of preparing Meats fit for the Stomach? Which of them -adviseth against the evil Custom of keeping their Chambers so over-hot, -when People are sick, and in the time of Womens lying in Child-bed? Why -do they not advise them not to have their Curtains so close drawn, both -before the Windows and Beds, insomuch that they are oftentimes in a -manner suffocated for want of the fresh Air? For, I affirm, That all -sorts of People that do keep their Beds, let the Occasion be what it -will, have ten-fold more need of the refreshing Influences of the Air, -than others that are up: For, the Bed being much hotter than a Mans -Garments are when he is up, the thin, refreshing, moist Vapours, that do -penetrate the whole Body more powerfully when a Man is up, are thereby -hindred. This is one chief Reason why a Man cannot digest a Supper so -well in Bed, as if he sits up. All Men know, that the Bed destroys -Appetite. If a Man go to Bed at Eight a Clock, and lies till Eight in -the Morning, he shall not be hungry; but if he goes to Bed at the same -time, and rises at Four in the Morning, though he sits still without -Action, yet by Eight he shall have a good stomach to eat and drink; so -great is the power of the Air: For when a Man is up, his Body is cool, -and the pure Spirits and thin moist Vapours of the Air have power to -penetrate the Body; which Element the Body sucks in like a Spunge thorow -the Pores; and this does not only cool and refresh the Spirits, and the -whole Body, but also powerfully strengthens the Action of the Stomach. - -But I pity the young Children most, who are so tender, and of so -delicate a Nature, both in their Body and Spirits, that every Disorder -does wound them to the very Heart. Nothing is more grateful and -refreshing to them, than the pleasant Air: It comforts their Spirits, -and causeth a free Circulation of the Blood and Radical Moisture, begets -Appetite, and makes them grow in Strength: But, on the contrary, hot -sulphurous Airs, with great Fires, and warm Clothing, do not only hinder -the Circulation of the Blood, but suffocate the Spirits, and destroy the -Appetite, causing an unnatural Heat to possess the whole Body; whence -does proceed various Disorders and Diseases, making them to cry, and be -very forward. Also close Bindings, and over-warm Clothings, and thick -hot Airs, do oft in weak-spirited Children cause Convulsions, Vapours, -and Fumes to fly into the Head, sometimes occasioning Vomiting, which -People call Windy Diseases. - -Again, The Food of most Children, of late Years, is so enriched with -_West_ and _East-India_ Ingredients, that is, with Sugar and Spices, -that thereby their Food becomes so hot in operation, that it does not -only breed too much Nourishment, which generates Obstructions and -Stoppages, but it heats the Body, drying up and consuming the Radical -Moisture, and infecting the Blood with a sharp fretting Humour, which in -some Complexions and Constitutions causeth Languishing Diseases, -contracting the Breast and Vessels of the Stomach, and hindering the -Passages of the Spirits, so that the Joynts and Nerves become weak and -feeble: in others, with the help of bad Diet, and other Uncleanliness, -does cause Botches, Boils, and various sorts of Leprous Diseases. Also -many that have wherewithal, will frequently give their Children Sack, -strong Drinks, and fat Meats, as long as they will eat, which is -abominable, and absolutely contrary to the Nature of Children. - -There are a hundred other Disorders and Intemperances that many Mothers -and ignorant Nurses affect their Children with, which I have no room in -this Place to discourse of: Therefore I commend unto the Women Milk that -is raw, only made so hot as the Mothers or Nurses Milk is when the Child -sucks it; and sometimes Milk and Flower boyled together, giving it the -Child about the warmness of Breast-milk; and indeed, neither Children -nor others ought to eat any Food hotter. Also no Children ought to drink -any kind of strong Drink: I could commend Water, as the most wholesom; -but it being contrary to our Custom, ordinary Beer may do well, or -rather small Ale. If Women did understand but the hundredth part of the -Evils and Diseases those indulging and intemperate Ways do bring both to -themselves and Children, they would quickly be of my mind; which I never -expect; _They are too wise_. - - - - - A SHORT DISCOURSE - - OF THE - - PAIN in the TEETH, - - Shewing from what Cause it does chiefly proceed, - and also how to prevent it. - - -The terrible Pains and Diseases of the Teeth do chiefly proceed from two -Causes. The first is from certain filthy phlegmy Matter which the -Stomach and Vessels do continually breathe and send forth, which does -lodge or center in the Mouth, especially between the Teeth, and on the -Gums; and some People having fouler Stomachs than others, such do -breathe forth very sour, stinking, phlegmy Matter, which does not only -increase the Pain, but causeth the Teeth to become loose and rotten: And -for want of continual cleansing and washing, those Breathings and this -Phlegmy Matter turns to Putrifaction, which does eat away the Gums, as -though Worms had eaten them: And this Defect is generally attributed to -the Disease called the _Scurvey_; but it is a mistake: the Cause is -chiefly, as is mentioned before, from the Stomach, or for want of -Cleansings. - -2. This Distemper of the Teeth and Gums does also proceed from the -various sorts of Meats and Drinks, and more especially from the -continual eating of Flesh, and fat sweet things, compounded of various -things of disagreeing Natures, which do not only obstruct the Stomach, -but fur and foul the Mouth, part thereof remaining upon the Gums, and -between the Teeth. For all such things do quickly turn to Putrifaction, -which does by degrees corrupt both the Teeth and Gums. Besides, our Beds -take up near half the time of our Lives, which time the Body is not only -without motion, but the Bed and Coverings do keep it much hotter than -the Day-garments, especially of those that draw the Curtains of their -Windows and Beds so close, that the pure Spirits and thin refreshing -Vapours of the Air are hindred of having their free egress and regress, -which does dull and flatten the Action of the Stomach; and this is the -chief Cause why Suppers lie hard in the Stomach, and require more than -double the time for perfect Concoction, than the same Food does when a -Man is up, and in the open Air: For this Element, if it hath its free -Influences, is sucked in, as by Spunges, through all the Pores of the -Body, and does wonderfully refresh, comfort, open, and cleanse all the -Parts, having power to assist and help Concoction: but hot, dull, thick -Airs do destroy the Action of the Stomach, and as it were suffocate the -pure Spirits, drying up and consuming the Radical Moisture. Therefore -the Night does foul the Mouth more than the Day, furring it with a gross -slimy Matter, especially those that have foul Stomachs, and are in -Years, which ought to be well cleansed every Morning. - -3. Whatsoever are the Disorders in the Body, the Mouth does always -partake of them; besides the Evils that the variety of Food, and the -improper mixtures of Flesh and Fish, and many other things, which do -foul and hurt both the Teeth and Gums. When any Person is disordered -with inward Diseases, does not the Mouth quickly complain of the Evils -thereof? This very few do consider in time. - -4. It is to be noted, That most People do attribute the Diseases of the -Teeth to Colds, and Rheums, and other outward Accidents. It is true, -outward Accidents will further this Disease, but then there must be -Matter before-hand, otherwise outward Colds can have no power to cause -this Pain. The same is to be understood in all Stoppages of the Breast, -and other Obstructions, as Coughs, and the like. For, if any Part be -obstructed, or there be Matter for Distemper, then, on every small -occasion of outward Colds, or the like Accidents, Nature complains. If -your Teeth and Gums be sound, and free from this Matter, take what Colds -you will, and your Teeth will never complain, as daily Experience doth -shew. For all outward Colds, and other Accidents of the like nature, -have no power to seise any part of the Body, except first there be some -inward Defect or Infirmity: Suppose the Teeth be defective, then the -Disease falls on that Part; or if it be the Head, Eyes, Breast, Back, or -any other Part or Member of the Body, that is obstructed, the Evil is -felt in that Part. Therefore if the Mouth be kept clean by continual -Washings, it will prevent all Matter which may cause Putrifaction; and -then Colds, and the like Accidents, will have no power to seise this -Part, or cause this terrible Pain. Even so it is in all other Parts of -the Body. If Temperance and Sobriety be observed in Meats, Drinks, and -Exercises, with other Circumstances belonging to Health, then Stoppages, -Coughs, Colds, and other Obstructions, would not be so frequent on every -small occasion: For Temperance has an inward Power and Operation, and -does as it were cut off Diseases in the very Bud, preventing the -Generation of Matter whence Distempers do proceed, increasing the -Radical Moisture, and making the Spirits lively, brisk, and powerful, -able to withstand all outward Colds, and other Casualties of the like -nature. - -5. There are many various things, of divers Natures, prescribed by -Physicians, and others, as Washes to preserve the Teeth and Gums; but -most of them, if not all, to little or no purpose, as daily Experience -teaches: For, all high, sharp Salts, and things of a sour or keen -nature, do rather cause the Teeth to perish, than the contrary; as do -all hot Spirits, be they what they will: Many have destroyed their Teeth -by the frequent use of such things, and it hath hardly ever been known -that any such things have ever cured or prevented the aking Pains of the -Teeth, but Water only. Many Examples I could mention, if it were -convenient. Physicians, and others, do daily prescribe such things for -the Cure and Prevention of this Disease of the Teeth, which most of them -do know by experience can do no good, but rather the contrary: But when -People come to them, they must give them something for their Money; for -Interest and Ignorance have more affinity with this sort of People, than -Vertue, and the true Knowledge of the Nature of Things. Most certain it -is, That the Shepherd and Husbandman do know far better how to prepare -the Meat for their Cattel, and also how to preserve them from Disorders, -than many Physicians do their Food or Physick: and a Man shall -understand more by conversing with some of this sort of People, than -with the Learned: For the Shepherd and Husbandman understand something -of Nature; but most of the Learned are departed from the simple Ways of -God in Nature, putting out their own Eyes, and then boasting what -Wonders they can see with other Mens: They have invented many Words to -hide the Truth from the Unlearned, that they may get the greater esteem. -This hath chiefly been done to advance Pride and Interest; so that the -Divine Eye is departed from many of them, who never make any Inspexion -into the true Nature of Things, being contented to take other Mens -Words, let it be right or wrong, as long as they have Authority and Law -on their sides, wherefore should they trouble their weak Heads? - -6. The best and most sure way to prevent the Diseases and Pains in the -Teeth and Gums, is every Morning to wash your Mouth with at the least -ten or twelve Mouthfuls of pure Water, cold from the Spring or River, -and so again after Dinner and Supper, swallowing down a Mouthful of -Water after each Washing: For there is no sort of Liquor in the World so -pure and clean as Water; and nothing doth cleanse and free the Teeth and -Gums from that foul Matter which does proceed from the Breathings and -Purgings of the Stomach, and from the various sorts of Food, so well as -Water: The use of other Washes is to little or no purpose; but whosoever -do constantly wash their Mouths with Water, as is before mentioned, -shall find an essential Remedy. All hard Rubbing and Picking of the -Teeth ought by any means to be avoided for that is injurious to them. -Also whensoever you find your Mouth foul, or subject to be slimie, as -sometimes it will more than at others, according to the good or evil -state of the Stomach, though it be not after eating; at all such times -you ought to wash your Mouth. This Rule all Mothers and Nurses ought to -observe, washing the Mouths of their Children two or three times a day; -and also to cause their Children to swallow down a little Water, which -will be very refreshing to their Stomachs: For Milk does naturally foul -and fur the Mouth and Teeth, and if they be not kept clean by continual -washing, it causes the Breeding of Childrens Teeth to be the more -painful to them. - -7. To keep your Teeth white, one of the best things is a piece of a -_China_ Dish, or a piece of a fine _Dutch_ Earthen Dish, made into fine -Powder, and the Teeth rubbed with it. - -8. Few there be that understand or consider the excellent Vertues of -Water, it being an Element of a mild and cleansing Nature and Operation, -friendly unto all things, and of universal Use: But because it is so -common, and so easily procured, I am afraid that many People will be -like _Naaman_ the _Syrian_, when the Prophet _Elisha_ advised him to -_wash seven times in the River of Jordan to cure his Leprosie_; it being -the Ignorance and Folly of most People, to admire those things they do -not know, and, on the other side, to despise and trample under foot -those Things and Mysteries they do know; which the Learned in all Ages -have taken notice of: For, should some People know what Apothecaries and -others give them, they would despise the Physick, and have but little -respect for their Doctor. - -All Housewifes do know, that no sort of Liquor, be it what it will, will -cleanse and sweeten their Vessels, but only Water; all other Liquors -leaving a sour stinking Quality behind them, which will quickly cause -Putrifaction: But Water in its own nature is clean and pure, not only -for all Uses in Housewifery, and the Preservation of Health; but the -Saints and Holy Men of God have highly esteemed this Element, by using -it in the exteriour Acts of Divine Worship, as having a Simile with the -Eternal Water of Life, that does purifie and cleanse the Soul from Sin. - - - _FINIS._ - - - - -Transcriber's Notes. - -This Book is 300 years old and the advice given has been superceded by -more modern methods and is only of historical value. - -The spelling is not consistent. - -Italicized words and phrases are presented by surrounding the text with -underscores. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Treatise of Cleanness in Meats and -Drinks, of the Preparation of Food, the Excellency of Good Airs, and the Benefits of Clean, by Tho. 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