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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d0657e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #52931 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52931) diff --git a/old/52931-0.txt b/old/52931-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 9ce22d8..0000000 --- a/old/52931-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2927 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pulp and Paper Magazine, Vol. XIII, No. 20, -October 15, 1916, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Pulp and Paper Magazine, Vol. XIII, No. 20, October 15, 1916 - A Semi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Science and Practice - of the Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Industry with an - Up-to-date Review of Conditions in the Allied Trades. - -Author: Various - -Release Date: August 29, 2016 [EBook #52931] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PULP AND PAPER MAGAZINE, OCT 15, 1916 *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - -Transcriber’s Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected but -general stylistic inconsistencies have been left as is (save for -standardising on “per cent.”). Asterisks are as they appeared in the -original: possibly denoting items to check before printing. - - - - -Pulp and Paper Magazine - -A Semi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Science and Practice of the -Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Industry with an Up-to-date Review of -Conditions in the Allied Trades. - -_Official Journal of the Technical Section of the Canadian Pulp and -Paper Association_ - -Published by The Industrial and Educational Press, Limited - - 35-45 St. Alexander Street Montreal. Phone Main 2662. - Toronto Office, 263-265 Adelaide St., W. Phone Main 6764. - New York Office, 206 Broadway. - -Published on the 1st and 15th of each month. Changes in advertisements -should be in Publishers’ hands ten days before date of issue. The -editor cordially invites readers to submit articles of practical -interest which, on publication, will be paid for. - -SUBSCRIPTION to any address in Canada and Great Britain, $2.00--United -States $2.50--Foreign $3.50. - -Single Copies 20c. - - VOL. XIII. MONTREAL, OCTOBER 15, 1916 No. 20 - - - - -PULP AND PAPER MAGAZINE TO BE A WEEKLY - - -Arrangements have now been completed for the turning of the Pulp and -Paper Magazine into a weekly publication, this forward step to be made -on the first of January, 1917. - -Four years ago the present publishers of the Pulp and Paper Magazine -purchased that Journal from the Bigger & Wilson Company. It was then a -small sized paper, published once a month. The first step taken by the -new publishers was to enlarge its size to the present dimensions and -publish it twice a month. Now a second forward step has been taken and -the publication will shortly appear as a weekly. - -No better evidence of the prosperity and progress made by the pulp and -paper industry can be given than that furnished by the Pulp and Paper -Magazine. It has grown in size, in circulation, in influence, and in -usefulness, and today is the official organ of the technical section of -the Pulp and Paper Association, and occupies a commanding place among -the Pulp and Paper Publications on the Continent. Under the leadership -of the Pulp and Paper Magazine the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association -was formed, the Forest Products Laboratory at McGill University -created, and the Technical Section of the Pulp and Paper Association -made a possibility. - -Much of the success which has come to the Pulp and Paper Magazine must -be attributed to the two editors who have given it their best services, -namely Mr. A. G. McIntyre and Mr. Roy Campbell. As editors of the -Pulp and Paper Magazine, they both have done much to further the best -interests of the industry, and those associated with it. - -Arrangements have been completed whereby Professor J. Newell -Stephenson, now head of the Forestry Department of the University of -Maine at Orono, will take over the editorship of the Pulp and Paper -Magazine when it launches on its career as a weekly. Some facts -regarding the new editor appear elsewhere in this issue. - - - - -THE PRICE OF PAPER. - - -A somewhat serious crisis has arisen here in the relationship between -the newspaper publishers and the news print manufacturers. A few days -ago a meeting of the Canadian Press Association was held in Toronto -at which the whole paper question was thoroughly discussed and a -representative committee delegated to visit Ottawa and register before -the Minister of Finance their protests in regard to the shortage of -paper in Canada, and the mounting prices of the same. In Ottawa they -were met by representatives of the Pulp and Paper Association, and the -whole situation was carefully considered before the Minister and also -by the two organizations as separate bodies. - -The newspaper men complained that they were unable to secure new -contracts for any length of time, and that the prices asked for the -supplying of white paper were prohibitive and if paid would mean the -collapse of many newspapers. They urged upon the Government that an -inquiry should be instituted into the cost of manufacturing news print -in Canada and, following that, such steps be taken by the Government -as it should find necessary to safeguard the supply of news print for -Canadian publishers. The publishers suggested to the Government that -either an embargo or export duty be placed on white paper or that the -Government fix a maximum price above which manufacturers would not be -allowed to charge Canadian publishers. - -In refutation of the publishers’ statements, the news print -manufacturers pointed out that the attack on the part of the -publishers had come without warning and that they had not consulted -or tried to negotiate with the news print manufacturers. They further -pointed out that the cost of everything entering into the manufacture -of paper had advanced in price, that old trade channels had been upset, -and that there was a great deal of uncertainty regarding the future -cost of paper making materials. The manufacturers agreed to call a -meeting of all their members and thoroughly discuss the matter and -later meet the publishers in a last effort to arrive at a satisfactory -solution. It is understood that the manufacturers are asking an -increase of from 25% to 33% over the figures now prevailing, and if -the publishers do not see their way clear to accept these terms the -manufacturers will then ask for a Government inquiry into the cost -of paper making, feeling satisfied that such an investigation would -vindicate them in the stand they have taken. - -There is no doubt but that manufacturers of news print are being -unjustly blamed for a condition of affairs over which they have no -control. They are not arbitrarily increasing the price of white paper. -Everything entering into the manufacture of news print has advanced -in price; labor is scarce and commands higher wages; dye stuffs have -advanced to almost unheard of prices; in copper wire paper men are -competing against munition makers while a similar story can be told -in regard to every ingredient entering in their finished product. In -addition to that a sudden and unprecedented demand resulting from -improvement in business and a presidential election in the United -States has made the consumption of paper exceed production. Further, -the war has interfered with regular channels of trade and has shut-off -the whole of continental Europe from the markets of the world with the -result that publishers who formerly depended on Europe have turned to -Canada and the United States in an effort to have their needs supplied. - -The situation is undoubtedly embarrassing and may possibly work -hardships to some publishers, but the whole of the world’s business -fabric is confronted with extraordinary conditions. It is as -unreasonable to blame the manufacturers of news print for the advance -in the cost of white paper, as it would be to blame the bridge builder -or the man who erects skyscrapers for advancing the price of steel. In -the last analysis it is the war which is to blame. The advance in the -cost of news print is not an arbitrary procedure, but rather the result -of world conditions over which the paper makers have no control. - - - - -THE GATHERING IN NEW YORK. - - -The over-worked words, co-operation and service, best describe the -spirit of the recent gathering held in New York, under the auspices of -the American Chemical Society. The affiliated organizations such as -the technical section of the Pulp and Paper Association met at the -same time, and their deliberations were permeated with the same spirit -as characterized the chemical organization. - -Hundreds of the best chemical men on the continent, technical -experts from pulp and paper mills, college men from all the great -universities, and others interested in the spread of technical and -chemical knowledge, gathered in New York and gave their best. Men who -had experimented for years in the quiet of their own laboratories, -made public the results of their patient research work. Technical -experts and college men vied with practical mill men in revealing the -things which they had found to be of benefit in the working out of the -manufacturing problems of the day. There were no secrets, the cards -were laid on the table, and men who found a certain line of work, or -policy, or experiments beneficial, frankly and freely made public the -result of their findings. - -The chemists felt that it was “up to them” to make this continent -independent of Germany in chemical research. The result of their two -years of effort were simply beyond belief; even the chemists themselves -were surprised at the wonderful progress that had been made in -supplying dye-stuffs and other chemicals that were formerly obtained -from Germany. If the war should continue another year, this continent -will be practically independent of the foreign dye-maker. - -In much the same way, satisfactory progress was made in connection with -the technical work of the Pulp and Paper Association. The papers read, -the discussions carried on, and the conclusions reached, marked further -progress in the work of the Association, and made it more than ever -apparent that the technical man is an increasingly important factor in -the modern paper mill. A number of the papers read at the gathering -appear in this issue of the Pulp and Paper Magazine. - - - - -PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS. - - -The last weekly letter on production and shipment was sent out by the -News-Print Manufacturers Association on October 7th. - -The report from the Western Territory for the week ending October 7th -shows production equivalent to 107.1%, and shipments equivalent to -103.8% of maximum production capacity. - -The report from the Canadian Territory for the same week shows -production equivalent to 100.1%, and shipments equivalent to 97.2% of -maximum productive capacity. - -A number of the mills have been running on other grades of papers, -and in the case of one large Canadian mill, low water has caused low -production. - -There has been an increase in inventory during the week in question of -476 cents. It will, of course, be understood that this increase is not -surprising, as it is impossible to maintain inventories at the same low -figures reported last week. - - - - -New Editor of Pulp and Paper Magazine - - -Professor J. Newell Stephenson, who is to assume the editorship of -The Pulp and Paper Magazine on the first of January, 1917, when it -changes from a bi-monthly to a weekly publication, is at present head -of the paper making department in the University of Maine, Orono, and -assistant professor of chemistry in the same university. Like so many -paper-makers from south of the Line, Mr. Stephenson realizes that the -future of the industry lies north of the 49th parallel, and in casting -in his lot with the Pulp and Paper Magazine, he is but following a -natural development. - -[Illustration: PROF. J. NEWELL STEPHENSEN, New Editor Pulp and Paper -Magazine.] - -The new editor was born at New Rochelle, N.Y., and educated in the -schools of that city and Great Barrington, Mass. After graduating -from the high school, he was employed as foreman in the Stanley -Instrument Company’s Watt Meter Factory. Later an opportunity to learn -paper-making presented itself and was taken advantage of by the subject -of this sketch. Encouraged by his employers, the B. D. Rising Paper -Company, Mr. Stephenson decided to go to college, and in 1905 entered -the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from which he graduated four -years later as a Chemical Engineer. The year following graduation was -spent at Lawrenceville, N.Y., as a teacher of drawing, then came a -post in the Chemical Engineering Department of the Rose Polytechnical -Institute of Terre Haute, Indiana. Three years later the University -of Maine established a Pulp and Paper Course, and Mr. Stephenson was -given charge of the Paper-Making Department. Two years ago he was made -assistant professor of chemistry. While he has never been in actual -journalism, Mr. Stephenson was associate editor to his college paper, -and has done considerable writing for the various paper trade journals -in Canada and the United States, as a matter of fact, the work he did -in this connection, led to his appointment as chairman on the Committee -on Abstracts of the Technical Committee of the American Pulp and Paper -Association. - -Mr. Stephenson takes up his duties on January first. - - - - -TECHNICAL SECTION MEETING NOVEMBER 24th. - - -The Annual Meeting of the Technical Section of the Canadian Pulp and -Paper Association will be held in Montreal on Friday, November 24th. - -Arrangements are being made for a most interesting meeting. The -business to be considered is very important, and there will be in -addition a programme of papers by experts which should be unusually -instructive and also should evoke good discussion. Dr. J. S. Bates, -Chairman of the Section has received assurance from Mr. Ellwood Wilson, -Forester to the Laurentide Company, of his being able to attend and -present a paper on “Forestry in Connection with Pulp Mill Operation.” -Mr. O. F. Bryant of the Forest Products Laboratories will discuss “Pulp -Wood Measurements.” Three other papers are expected concerning which -announcement will be made in the next issue of Pulp and Paper Magazine. - -The original intention was to hold a two day meeting but the members of -the Council feel that the extreme activity of pulp and paper mills at -the present time precludes the absence of technical men from the mills -for longer than one day. - -With the papers forthcoming it is expected that this will be one of the -very best of the Section meetings. Technical men are strongly urged to -make preparations now to be in Montreal for the occasion. - - - - -CHEMICAL EXPOSITION. - - -That the Third National Exposition of Chemical Industries will be a -great success is already assured. An additional third floor has already -been engaged, and plans are being made to use the fourth floor. In -addition it is hoped to have large sections showing the resources of -the country awaiting development. - -Two prizes have been offered to the students of Cooper Union Art -Schools to draw up a poster seal for the next exposition. The designs -for this purpose will be finished January 1st next year, and prizes -awarded February 1st. All designs submitted and which the Jury consider -fit, will be exhibited during the next exposition. - - * * * * * - -Among those interested in the pulp and paper lines, who joined the -Entente delegation from Ontario in visiting Montreal, Three Rivers and -Quebec were W. P. Gundy, managing director of W. J. Gage and Co., and -S. J. Moore, President of the F. N. Burt Co., Toronto. - - - - -SOME CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL REACTIONS OF ROSIN SIZE SOLUTIONS - -Paper read by J. A. DeCEW at the meeting of the American Chemical -Society. - - -It is quite to be expected that in any class of chemical reactions -which occur under such varying conditions as those existing during the -precipitation of rosin size in paper mill practice, there will be among -the various investigators a certain amount of disagreement regarding -the theoretical explanation of what actually takes place. There is -also some confusion resulting from the termology which is commonly -used in describing sodium resinate compounds existing in rosin size, -as for example, in the use of the phrase “free rosin”. The purpose -of the following remarks is not to recapitulate the work of other -investigators, nor to criticize their conclusions, but to submit a -short discussion of the effect upon the chemical reactions involved, of -the various physical conditions in which the material may be used. - -It is a well known fact that a rosin soap will easily dissolve an -equivalent amount of rosin to that which has been saponified, and -this extra rosin, whether in solution in the size wax, or whether in -suspension in a diluted solution, is still called “free rosin” in the -termology of the trade. In order, however, to distinguish between the -various states in which the rosin might exist, it should be divided -into three classes, consisting first, of dissolved rosin, second, -colloidal rosin, and third, rosin in suspension. The reason for this is -that before the rosin soap can be used in the art of paper making it -must first be brought into dilute aqueous solution. - -If the soap should be readily soluble, then dilution may take place -in cold water and consequently the diluting can be carried out within -the beater itself. On the other hand, if the rosin soap is not -readily soluble in cold water, owing to the fact that it contains a -considerable quantity of dissolved rosin, it is necessary to bring -it into a sufficiently dilute condition so that no further material -separation of rosin will take place when it comes in contact with the -paper stock. Obviously the difficulty of carrying out this operation -increases in proportion with the amount of extra rosin which is held in -solution in the rosin soap. - -Authorities disagree as to whether abietic acid is mono-basic or -dibasic and it cannot be stated definitely whether rosin which is in -complete solution in a rosin soap is there in the form of an acid -resinate, or whether it is merely dissolved rosin. It seems to the -writer that a fairly intelligible conception is obtained by assuming -that a sodium resinate containing rosin in solution, is in fact an acid -resinate of the alkali metal and that from this solution insoluble acid -resinates of the heavy metals can be produced. - -Some interesting data on this subject is recorded by E. O. Ellingson in -a paper before the American Chemical Society, 1914, the subject being -“Abietic acid and some of its salts.” In this investigation he shows -clearly that certain insoluble acid abietates were formed when a dilute -aqueous solution of sodium abietate was added in small proportions to a -dilute solution of a metallic salt. - -The salts of Chromium, Manganese, Nickel, Iron, Cadmium, Cobalt, -Strontium, Copper, all gave precipitates carrying an excess of -abietic acid. The one exception was the Salt of Aluminum, which under -exactly the same conditions produced a basic aluminum abietate. From -this it is proven that a neutral sodium resinate solution when poured -into a dilute solution of sulphate of alumina, will always produce a -precipitate of basic aluminum resinate. - -On the other hand, the investigations of Naugebauer, republished in -Paper XI., 10-17, shows that a neutral resinate when precipitated with -a considerable excess of sulphate of alumina, will produce an acid -precipitate containing approximately 33 per cent. of rosin excess, and -with the maximum amount of alum the rosin acid in the precipitate does -not exceed 41 per cent. - -If we can accept the results of this investigator then it is evident -that insoluble acid resinates containing a limited amount of rosin -acids can be produced from a neutral sodium resinate by precipitation -with even an aluminum salt. - -The results produced with sulphate of aluminum therefore, will depend -largely upon the mass action of the materials, chemical equilibrium -being established in accordance with the relative amount and acidity of -the alum used. In short, if 100 grs. of rosin in the form of a neutral -resinate is precipitated with approximately 33 grs. of alum, we will -have as a result, a basic alum resinate. If, on the other hand, it is -precipitated with 330 grs. of alum, we would have an acid resinate -of alumina containing approximately 40 per cent. of rosin acid. With -less alum excess the amount of rosin acid in the precipitate will be -proportionately less. - -If the basic aluminum resinates were a satisfactory water repellant -then the problem of paper sizing would be a very simple one, and all -that would be necessary in practice would be to use the size and alum -in proper chemical equivalents. All experience shows however, that when -using a neutral resinate for sizing, it is necessary to use a large -alum excess in order to obtain a sufficiently water repellant condition -in the paper. The inference is that the insoluble acid resinates are -essentially the agents which impart to the paper that resistance to -aqueous penetration called “Sizing.” - -Remington and his associates claim that resinate of alumina only, is -formed when a neutral sodium resinate is precipitated with alum, even -if the alum is used in excess, but that it is decomposed by extraction -with alcohol and that this fact leads others to believe that a portion -of the rosin is uncombined. These investigators publish the result of -50 tests for sizing paper, from which they draw their conclusions, -but it would seem that their methods of making the tests were quite -inefficient, inasmuch as they used not less than 5 per cent. of rosin, -and as high as 12 per cent. without always getting sizing results. Now, -in mill practice, a very poor size should give results with 3 per cent. -of rosin, while an efficient size should produce a very hard-sized -paper with an equivalent amount. It would seem unwise to form any fixed -conclusion from tests which gave such unsatisfactory results. - -Other investigators such as, Emil Meuser and Naugebauer, (Paper, June -25th, 1913), and also Otto Kress & Struthers (Paper April 16th, 1913), -have demonstrated by exhaustive tests that rosin acids are liberated -from a neutral resinate when alum is used in excess and that the amount -of these rosin acids may be from 33 per cent. to 41 per cent. of the -total rosin, depending upon the alum excess used. - -If an acid resinate of alumina containing 40 parts of rosin acids, can -be produced from 100 parts of neutral resinate of soda and 330 parts of -sulphate of alumina, then 20 parts of alum will be required to produce -the same results from an acid resinate of soda, containing 40 per cent. -of rosin acids, or with 200 parts of alum one can produce from this an -aluminum resinate with 64 per cent. of rosin acid. - -These highly acid resinates are found to be very colloidal in character -and have great capacity for distribution within the paper pulp. They -also show considerable resistance to dehydration and are thus able to -retain their plastic character while the paper is being dried. Such -are the properties that these highly acid resinates seem to possess in -addition to their water repellant characteristics. - -It has been demonstrated in paper mill tests that the rosin acids alone -are thrown out of solution from a rosin soap by means of acid, can also -produce sizing results providing that the rosin acids precipitated -have a similar colloidal character to the aluminum precipitate. The -practical difficulty, however, of obtaining colloidal precipitates when -using acid, makes this practice a very uncertain one, for it would -be only under very favorable circumstances that this practice could -be carried out with success. The same difficulty is experienced when -other metallic salts, (e.g.,) the salts of iron or calcium, are used to -replace the aluminum sulphate, for the precipitates from these are much -more dense and granular than those derived from aluminum. - -It would seem therefore that the real necessity for the use of sulphate -of alumina for precipitating the rosin is not so much the necessity -for forming acid aluminum resinates, but the fact that the rosin -precipitated in this way has a more colloidal character, than that -thrown out of solution by other coagulants, and consequently will -have greater covering power and efficiency as a water repellant. This -explanation is opposed to the theory that rosin acids in the form of -emulsion or suspensions are efficient sizing agents, for it is obvious -that visible floating rosin has lost its colloidal character and its -covering power. - -The fact is that the so called free rosin emulsions, when properly -made, contain but a very small amount of rosin acid in the emulsified -form, practically all of it remaining in solution in the dilute soap. -The art of preparing good rosin size emulsions (using the term as -generally understood) is therefore the ability to dilute a solution of -rosin acids, without the actual liberation of rosin in the emulsified -form. The difficulty in doing this will explain the erratic results -obtained by Remington and other investigators when endeavoring to -determine the effect of rosin size containing dissolved rosin. - -The laboratory difficulties involved are shown by an article by Otto -Kress and R. T. Struthers, published in Paper, April 1913. Their -results show that from a rosin saponified with 15% of sodium carbonate, -over 98% was obtained by them in hot dilute aqueous solution, and -that from a rosin saponified with 10% of sodium carbonate, only 50.6% -was brought into actual solution in hot water. It is quite possible -however, to dilute such a rosin soap holding in solution about 45% -of rosin acids, to an aqueous solution of 2% solids, without having -any of the rosin become insoluble. In this condition all of the rosin -acids can enter into chemical reactions with other solutions and will -precipitate from solution in a very bulky colloidal mass. - -Between the extremes of physical condition just described, there are -a great number of intermediate stages. The rosin acids may be partly -liberated by dilution in the form of small visible floating particles -and coarse granular masses and a part may be in a state of colloidal -solution. It is safe to say that all rosin particles which are -sufficiently coarse to be classed as suspensions, have lost the greater -part of their sizing value. That portion of the rosin acids which is in -colloidal solution is still effective for sizing purposes because it -has the property of becoming fixed upon the fibres by absorption. This -action can only take place, however, when the paper stock is free from -such electrolytes as may discharge the colloid before it reaches the -fibre. Dilute acid resinate solutions may contain variable proportions -of dissolved acid resinates, colloidal rosin, and rosin suspensions, -and the relative proportion of these is what determines the basis of -its waterproofing possibilities. Assuming that the sizing value of -these solutions varies directly with the amount of rosin acids that are -in true and colloidal solution, we have a measure of efficiency which -checks very closely with actual mill results. - -The maximum amount of rosin acids that can be held in stable solution -in a diluted rosin soap of from 1% to 2%, total solids, is about 50% -of the total rosin content. In such a solution there is always a -slight tendency towards hydrolysis which increases with the amount of -dilution, but the fact that these solutions when once prepared can be -then boiled without decomposition, shows that the solutions are fairly -well stabilized and also that there can be very little rosin then -present in the colloidal form. - -The conclusions which it is desired to submit as offering a -satisfactory explanation of practically all the phenomena in connection -with sizing paper with rosin is as follows:-- - -(1). That the rosin acids which are precipitated from dilute solution -by means of a coagulant which will deposit the rosin in a colloidal -mass, is the material which when properly incorporated into the paper -stock and dried therein, produces the water resistant characteristic -known as sizing. - -(2). That the results obtained from a given quantity of material are -largely dependent upon the character of the rosin colloid and its -treatment during the process of manufacturing the paper. - -(3). This product can be obtained in limited quantity from a neutral -resinate, by the use of large excess of alum, or it may be obtained in -large proportions from an acid resinate and a relatively less excess -of alum. The maximum obtained from a neutral resinate being about 40% -of the total rosin, and from an acid resinate about 70% of the total -rosin, when a sulphate of alumina containing no free acid is used. - - - - -American Newspaper Publishers’ Association - -Committee on Paper. - - -Mr. A. G. McIntyre, of Toronto, has been appointed Manager of the -Committee on Paper of the American Newspaper Publishers’ Association. - -His varied experience in paper and associated lines well qualifies him -to handle the paper situation at the present critical time. - -Mr. McIntyre has been both Engineer and Manager of some of the most -successful paper companies in Canada, during which time he has designed -and built a number of mills, together with having managed and operated -same as well. - -[Illustration: A. G. McINTYRE.] - -He has been associated with the following companies: - -Jonquiere Pulp Company. - -Price Bros. & Company, Limited. - -Bathurst Lumber Company, Limited. - -Mattagami Pulp and Paper Company, Limited. - -He also became Editor of the Pulp and Paper Magazine, when this -magazine was purchased by the present owners, the Industrial & -Educational Press, and acted in this capacity for a year after its -re-organization. - -He was also Superintendent and Organizer of the Forests Products -Laboratories of Canada, under the Dominion Government, located in -Montreal, where a large technical staff are engaged in working on paper -making problems. - -Mr. McIntyre was also Organizer and first Secretary-Treasurer of the -Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, and leaves the position of General -Manager of the Mattagami Pulp and Paper Company, Limited, Toronto, to -take up this work. - -His experience has been a unique combination of paper mill engineering, -paper mill executive, publishing, Government expert work and -association work. - -The office of the Committee on Paper will be located in the World -Building, New York City. - -Mr. McIntyre has made the following statement, in connection with -taking up this work: - - “I have accepted this work of the Paper Committee, with the - idea that something can be done to alleviate the present - serious condition for the consumers of newsprint paper. - - “Everyone knows there is a serious shortage in production - over the demand; at the same time, much can be done by both - manufacturers and consumers to adjust their business to the - present conditions. - - “Consumers must practise rigid economies, making all papers - non-returnable; eliminating press room wastes and all avoidable - consumption of paper. If this does not bring the consumption - within the production, sufficient new mills must be constructed - to take care of the normal consumption with the normal - increase, as there is only very little new tonnage proposed, - which will come on the market by 1918. - - “Manufacturers must turn aside from export business, taking - care of old and permanent customers; should run mills at the - fullest possible capacity, and at a reasonable margin of profit. - - “It has been distinctly understood with me before taking - up this work, that the basis of relief will be mutual - understanding and information between manufacturer and - consumer, with sufficient increased tonnage provided, either - by the present manufacturers, or by a few of the consumers, - to protect the members of the American Newspaper Publishers’ - Association in their supply of print paper.” - - - - -MARKET VALUES OF PAPER STOCKS. - - -The present unprecedented situation in the paper industry has fomented -considerable speculative enthusiasm in Canadian paper and pulp stocks. -Trading in these issues on the Montreal and Toronto stock exchanges -has increased very materially, and prices are way up from the low of -the year. Canada produces half as much newsprint as the United States, -and she is increasing her capacity at a much faster rate than American -mills. - -The following table shows the extent of the advance this year in a -number of prominent pulp and paper stocks listed on the Montreal and -Toronto exchanges: - - Present Low Advance - price 1916 - - Laurentide Paper 198 176 22 - Wayagamack 74 27 47 - Riordon Pulp & Paper 99 58 41 - Price Brothers 95 60 35 - Spanish River com. 15½ 3½ 12 - Spanish pfd. 44 29 15 - Toronto Paper 55 42 13 - - * * * * * - -The Conservation Commission calls the attention of Canada to -experiments showing that jack pine is well suited for making kraft -paper. It will grow on poor land and is largely used in the West for -fuel. - - - - -Why Paper is Dearer - - -In a letter to the members of the News-Print Manufacturers Association -Mr. G. F. Steele ably refutes the charge that the recent advance in the -price of paper were arbitrary measures. - -The writer was unavoidably absent from New York when the monthly report -of production and shipments for the month of August was sent out from -this office on September 19th. - -You have doubtless observed the decreased production in August as -compared with the month of July. This was largely caused by the -difficulties encountered by one of the large Canadian mills by a -terrible forest fire, which decreased operations for several weeks. It -will doubtless occur, however, to every one of our members that due to -the terrific pressure which has been placed on the operation of the -mills during the past eight months, that it is a great wonder that -production keeps up to the present high point. Machines are running -at a much greater speed then they were ever expected to run, and -ordinary shut downs for repairs and replacements have not been made -this summer. It is usually the custom for most news-print mills to shut -down at the end of the summer before freezing weather occurs, to run -their screening and tailings into wrappers. I do not know of a single -mill which has indulged in this desirable practice this year, and in -order to get a supply of wrappers for the coming six months it may be -necessary for some mills to stop making news-print paper temporarily -and run out their wrapper stock. - -During the months of June, July and August in normal years production -drops down materially, and stocks are accumulated for the great Fall -demand. During the months of June, July and August of this year, -instead of accumulating increased stocks, you doubtless have observed -from the statement submitted to you that total stocks at hand at -all points, including stocks on hand at mills, in transit, and at -destination points, decreased 7,316 tons or 10.6 per cent.. It was -thought by those who are best posted in the industry that stocks -were at danger point on June 1st, and that unless these stocks could -be replenished there would be grave danger of the necessity of some -papers suspending publication temporarily because of the inability of -the mills to get paper to them in time for their requirements during -the coming Fall and Winter. During the three months of June 1st to -September 1st, 1915, storage stocks increased as much as they have -declined this year. - -During the past few weeks the newspapers have been full of violent -outcries, uttered by publishers, regarding the high price of news-print -paper. There have come to my desk during a period of two weeks over -1,500 radical and abusive articles, making all sorts of baseless and -unfounded charges against the manufacture of news-print paper. It is -quite evident that these newspaper publishers are more scared than hurt -up to this time, for owing to the peculiar nature of this business -and the fact that the great bulk of the business is contracted for -the calendar year in the fall months of the preceding year, it is the -belief of those who are best posted in the industry that on the average -the price of roll news-print paper which is sold on contract has not -advanced up to this time more than 5% or $2.00 per ton. Many newspapers -have taken advantage of the situation to raise subscription prices and -to raise their advertising rates, when these same papers are paying no -higher price for their supply of news-print paper than they were paying -a year ago. - -So much has been said about the price of news-print paper, and so -little has been said about the rise in price of other commodities, that -I have endeavored to make up a list gleaned from responsible commercial -publications regarding the rise in other commodities. - -Just as soon as the price of news-print paper advances, no matter how -little, the newspaper publishers promptly outdo the Prophet Jeremiah -with their lamentations and demand an immediate investigation on the -part of the government. We do not see the same demand when the prices -of other commodities advance. - -The selling price of the raw materials entering into the manufacture -of news-print paper has increased to a very remarkable extent during -the past year. Many mills now making news-print paper are paying a -very much enhanced price for the cost of raw materials which they -have to purchase. Other mills purchasing the chemical and ground wood -pulps entering into the manufacture of their products are operating -on old contracts which expire with the calendar year. There is every -indication at the present time that the price of these two commodities -after January 1st, 1917 will be practically double the price which -ruled a year ago, and perhaps in the case of chemical pulp three or -four times the price which ruled a year ago. The mills which are forced -to make news-print paper from these high priced raw materials will -necessarily have to charge what would seem like an inordinate price to -operate at a profit. - -Consider, for example, a paper mill which is dependent on the market -for its supply of raw material. Sulphite pulp, of which news-print -paper contains approximately 25%, is now selling around $100.00 at the -sulphite mills and the mill which converts it into news-print paper -will pay $25.00 per ton of paper for this item. Ground wood, which -constitutes 75% of news-print paper, is selling at $30.00 per ton -F.O.B. ground wood mill, and the converting mill pays $22.50 per ton of -paper for this. As it takes approximately 110 pounds of pulp to make -100 pounds of paper, this brings the total cost per ton to $52.25 for -the raw materials alone. Add to this a freight rate of 12c per hundred -pounds for pulp, 40% dry, and the cost per ton of raw material comes -to $58.85. Add to this the manufacturing costs which, according to the -Tariff Board figures in 1911 amounted to $10.14 in the United States, -and a larger figure in Canada. These costs have easily increased 50% -since 1911, which makes a total cost of the paper $74.06 per ton. - -The majority of paper mills make one or both grades of pulp, in which -case increased expenditure is dependent on the increased cost of -pulpwood, coal, labor, machine clothing, repair materials, chemicals, -etc., but the mills dependent on the market for raw materials have to -obtain large prices to operate at a profit. - -In the year 1914, the average price of news-print paper was -approximately $2.00 per hundred pounds F.O.B. cars at mill. The largest -producer of news-print paper in the world, is now charging for renewal -of contracts $3.00 per hundred pounds F.O.B. mill or an increase -of 50%. Compare this increase with the increases in the following -commodities, taken from such authorities as: - - R. G. Dun & Co.--“WEEKLY REVIEW”. - - “THE ANNALIST”. - - BRADSTREET’S. - - U.S. Market Statistics (As quoted by the “N.Y. SUN”.) - - Monthly Summary of U.S. Commerce. - -Then follows a long list of articles in daily use which have advanced -from 25 to 467 per cent. showing that the advance in the cost of paper -is not an isolated case. The cost of living index accordingly to the -New York Annalist increased from September 1915 to September 1916 from -135 to 185, an increase of over 37 per cent., and the market value of -securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange increased from July -30th, 1914 to September 1916, deducting value of new editions, by over -$3,000,000,000.00, a net increase of 33 per cent. - -According to Bradstreet’s, out of 106 commodities which their index -table embraces, all but 17 advanced in price between September 1st, -1915 and September 1st, 1916, representing for the entire groups an -average increase of over 16½%. According to Dun’s last review, out of -328 commodities quoted, 42 showed advances in price over the previous -week, while but 25 showed decreases. - -There is another matter to be considered. During 1915 there was a -decided increase in the price of practically every commodity, except -paper. The Journal of Commerce quotes from the United States figures as -follows: - -“Wholesale prices of commodities in the United States averaged -considerably higher in 1915 than in the preceding year, according to -Bulletin 200 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States -Department of Labor. ***The Bureau’s weighted index number for December -(1915) stood at 105, the highest point reached in any year since the -collection of data for the present series of reports on Wholesale -Prices, dating back to 1890, was begun. - -“Violent fluctuations were recorded during 1915 in the prices of all -commodities, particularly drugs and chemicals and metal products. ***In -the fuel and lighting group*** in August the prices again advanced -(after a Spring slump) the increase continuing for the rest of the -year. ***Articles belonging to the food group were in the aggregate -highest in price in December and lowest in September. The increase -between January and December in this group was nearly 4%.” The paper -market, however, remained unchanged. - -In other words, the price of other commodities advanced rapidly during -the year 1915, while the price of news-print paper was stationary, and -at the present time the advanced selling price of news-print paper does -not compare unfavorably with the high cost of living as evidenced by -practically all other staple commodities. - - - - -COMING TO CANADA. - - -The Bryant Paper Company, of Kalamazoo, is planning the construction -of a pulp mill in Canada, involving the expenditure of approximately -$1,500,000. The company is now one of the largest book paper -manufacturers in the United States, its daily output being 200 tons. -It operates ten machines at present, but has prepared plans and -specifications for the addition of two more machines, each 154 inches -in width. - - - - -Suggestions as to Purchase of Pulp Wood - - -Messrs. C. P. Winslow and R. Thelan of Madison Wis. gave a very -interesting paper on the consumption of Pulpwood and the best method of -purchasing it. A summary follows:-- - -The annual consumption of pulpwood in the United States amounts to -approximately 4,300,000 cords, representing an expenditure in the -neighborhood of $36,000,000 per year by approximately 250 companies. -From these figures it is apparent that the question of proper pulpwood -specifications is of wide importance. - -While the value of pulpwood is dependent basically upon the tons of dry -pulp that can be produced from a given number of dry tons of wood, the -great quantity of the wood is bought and sold either on the basis of an -estimated and variable volume of wood in an assumed space, or on the -theoretical quantity or volume of lumber which can be cut. Thus, with -dry weight as the real and final measure, we find substituted for it a -variable and indefinite volume, and the result in the long run is fair -to neither seller nor purchaser. - -While by far the greater proportion of pulpwood is purchased as -cordwood or by log scale, it must not be overlooked that the use of -sawmill waste is steadily increasing, and amounts to approximately 7.7 -per cent. of the total. It is manifestly impossible to apply the log -scale to the measurement of such material. - -While it is entirely evident that a completely satisfactory basis -of specification cannot be secured with a unit of measure based on -volume, it is equally apparent that such unit of measure must continue -to be used very largely for this purpose. It is desirable, therefore, -where perfection cannot be had, to compromise on the issue, and some -suggestions along this line are as follows: - -1. An enumeration of the basic and fundamental principles which must -underlie any correct system of specification should show clearly the -relation of yield of pulp to the dry weight of specific gravity of the -wood and the relation and probable variation of this dry weight in a -given volume. - -2. For the conditions where the cord will continue to be used as the -unit of measure, the formulation of definite specifications to the end -that this unit of measure may come to represent an approximately fixed -volume of solid wood. - -3. A study of the relation of actual cubic contents of logs of varying -sizes to the board foot measure, as determined by the various log -scales used in the purchase of pulpwood. - -4. A study into all phases of the question of supplying pulpwood in the -form of baled chips as the source of supply. Such a study should cover -such points as the quantity of chips secured from a ton or a stacked -cord of various forms of mill waste and from a standard cord, the cost -and best methods of chipping, drying and baling, and finally of methods -for determining the moisture content of the baled chip, which would -presumably be sold on a weight basis. - -5. Attention to methods for limiting, describing and illustrating such -points as “knotty,” “rough,” “doty,” “fire scarred,” “heart-rot,” -“sap-rot,” etc. All of these defects detract from the value of -the material, but to just what extent is not at present generally -established. - -6. Other points, such as standard methods of determining the dry weight -and moisture content of the wood, or of measurement of wood fiber -dimensions, also require attention. - - - - -Guesses About Pulpwood Supply of Future - - -One of the most interesting papers read at the convention dealt with -the Pulpwood Supply of the Future. It was by Prof. P. S. Lovejoy of the -University of Michigan. - -Mr. Lovejoy pointed out that the amount of cotton or corn raised in the -country each year, the regions of production and the approximate costs -and the sale values were known, and that with about the same relative -degree of accuracy the principal items of timber production were known. -In the case of pulpwood, statistics compiled from reports of the mills -showed the consumption by species, by States, the amounts and kinds -imported and how these items compare with past performances. - -Attention is now being devoted, Mr. Lovejoy said, to learning where -our remaining forests are and what is in them, but the results are -far from satisfactory as compared with the record of manufacturing. -He asserted that we did not know now, within 25 per cent., what our -stand of saw timber is for the whole community or for a given region or -State. Practically nothing is known about the existing pulpwood supply, -so that guesses as to the future cannot be accurate, but Mr. Lovejoy -explained that there were many things upon which such guesses could be -based. - - -Competition Between Saw Mill and Pulp Mill. - -A condition that would have to be met was greater competition between -pulp mill and sawmill, Mr. Lovejoy said, as the value of lumber was -constantly increasing while the merchantable grades of lumber were -declining. The pulp mill is at a disadvantage in this respect; that it -represents a greater capital than the sawmill and cannot be moved to a -new location. - -On the other hand, Mr. Lovejoy continued, the pulp mill owner is able -to use a poorer grade of material than the sawmill, and every time a -new way of using still poorer material is found he increases his supply -of raw material and extends his period of operation at one place. -Another way in which to increase his available raw material is to see -that the forests which are tributary to his plant are not burned out. -Forest fires cannot be insured against and always result in the end in -considerable loss to the industry. A really efficient organization for -the prevention of fire can usually be maintained at from 2 to 10 cents -per acre each year, Mr. Lovejoy stated, and it is cheaper and more -effective to protect large areas over a long period than otherwise. - - -Wood End of Pulp Production Wasteful. - -Mr. Lovejoy pointed out that in many cases the woods end of pulp -production was very wasteful. As an example, he cited a given forest -area, having a stand of one-third beech, birch and maple, one-third -spruce and one-third hemlock and balsam. Only a small part of the -stand offers good log timber, not sufficient to attract a sawmill. A -contractor is obtained to get out the pulp stock, the mill specifying -that the stock shall not exceed 5 per cent. species other than spruce. -The spruce comes out, together with all the balsam that the contractor -can get by with. That skins the stand, but is not the worst of it. A -lot of slash is left on the ground offering good material for a fire. -If fire does not come the wind throws a lot of balsam. Side-light -hitting the hemlock parch-blights it and it dies. Conditions are -favorable to tree-destroying insects. If the forest finally survives it -will not longer be a pulp-producing forest. - -As a remedy for this condition, Mr. Lovejoy urged a dependable -inventory of the forest resources by combined Federal, State and -private agencies and the development of greater co-operation between -wood-using plants, so that everything the forest produced could be -utilized. He suggested that private owners might be induced to go into -the business of raising timber, rather than have all the forests owned -directly by the mills. - - -Conservation of Raw Materials Essential. - -The conservation of raw materials was essential to a well-organized -industry, and there was danger that the pulpwood supply might not -be protected. Growth of timber was slow, a cord an acre being the -approximate annual rate for well worked forests. The annual consumption -is about 5,000,000 cords of pulpwood in this country; a tree of 50 -years of age is the best for the purpose. Working on this basis, it -would clean-cut from 150,000 to 200,000 acres each year to meet the -demand. Under the present system of unscientific cutting, the number of -acres cut over each year reaches several million. - - -5,000,000 Acres of Timber Land Needed. - -Putting it another way, Mr. Lovejoy asserted that 5,000,000 acres of -timber land were needed to establish the industry on such a basis, -provided that only 100,000 acres were cut over each year. Compared with -the 500,000,000 acres needed for all timber requirements of the United -States, this is a small amount, he explained, and it is up to the -pulpwood men to see that it does not get lost in the shuffle. - -Fire and heavy taxes prevent the growing of timber from being an -attractive investment proposition to the individual, but for a -corporation it is different, said Mr. Lovejoy. Under proper management -the forest land will begin to render return at once. Several pulpwood -mills are already on this basis. - -In closing, Mr. Lovejoy urged the importance of less severe competition -and greater co-operation. Such changes were radical, but they must be -undertaken to preserve the industry. - - - - -TRADE ENQUIRIES. - - -A firm at Bristol, Eng., has asked the Canadian Trade and Commerce -Department for quotations for a contract on woodpulp board. They desire -the board to be 40 inches by 45 at about 180 sheets to the British -cwt., and ask for 100 to 150 tons a year, delivered ten tons per month. - -A Glasgow, Scot., firm states that a large demand exists there for -straw-boards, leather-boards and pulpwood-board. They have forwarded -samples to the Department of Trade and Commerce at Ottawa for -quotations. - -Two Russian firms have asked the Dominion Trade and Commerce Department -for quotations for writing papers for commercial purposes. They -prefer white and light blue colors. Quotations for quantities c.i.f. -Vladivostok, desired. They sent samples with their request. - - - - -Sweden’s Production and Export of Paper - - -Translated from “Papir Journalen” Christiania, Norway by the News-print -Manufacturers’ Association. - -In the report of the Swedish Chamber of Commerce is said as a general -opinion about the Swedish paper industry in 1915, that it has had to -pass through many troubles, and that operation has been difficult and -expensive. - -Of raw materials, pulpwood prices increased very early on account -of forced pitprops export, and because pitprops used much timber -previously chiefly had been used for wood pulp and cellulose, that is -pine and spruce of large dimensions. To a larger extent there were -made purchases of pulpwood in Sweden for export to Norway, which, on -which account of the war, could not supply its demand by imports from -Russia. On account of the purchases for foreign consumers, the supply -in some places was so scant that several woodpulp and paper mills had -difficulties in covering their requirements. These conditions caused a -great rise in prices. After repeated petitions from the Swedish Paper -Mills Association on November 6th, 1915, an embargo was declared on -the export of unrefined spruce and pine. In spite of this, felling and -purchases for foreign consumers have been continued, in the hope that -licenses would be given liberally and likewise with the thought that -after the coming peace, it would be possible to ship great quantities -of pulpwood from Sweden to countries, where it then would be in great -demand. In some parts of the country these conditions have brought -about an enormous wood felling which for a long time to come will -decrease the supply of pulpwood. - -A number of requisites to the woodpulp and paper industry, which must -be imported have not only increased in prices enormously, but it has -been attended by many difficulties in obtaining the most necessary -supply. - -The rise in prices of some raw materials and requirements have at the -end of the year been estimated at the following figures: - - per cent. - Pulpwood has gone up 30-60 - Dyestuffs 400 - Chloride of lime 1000 - Coal 400-500 - China clay 100-200 - Resin and other chemicals 300 - Sulphur 160-200 - Felts, wires, reserve parts, oils and - everything else necessary to the - unhampered operation of the machines 100-500 - New machines to replace worn out ones, - electric appliances, etc. 65-500 - -But in other respects too, the production has become more expensive, -for instance increased wages to employees and laborers on account -of the famine, greatly increased freights for imports and exports, -considerably raised railway tariffs, etc. - -All these items of increased cost in production and operation, have, -of course, brought about an increase in the prices of paper, so far as -this has been possible. Some buyers in foreign countries have consented -to an increase of price for deliveries on older contracts. The sellers -in Sweden, by the bye have arranged to sell f.o.b. Swedish ports, and -have avoided thereby the risk of increase in freight and insurance. -In the first half of last year, the prices could be raised on a few -qualities. But only in the latter half of the year came a systematic -co-operation among the Swedish producers for a regulation of prices, -and this price regulating was done in concurrence with the Norwegian -paper producers. - -The foreign demand for paper has increased latterly, and now very high -prices are offered for some qualities. The demand for paper suitable -for the producing of yarn especially has been very great and of these -kinds of paper Sweden has sold quite a good deal. There has been a -demand for paper yarns and textiles made therefrom; but the production -thereof is very limited in Sweden. The production and the exports of -some other paper goods has increased during 1915. But the increase has -not always, to cite the report mentioned, been as great as might have -been desired in order to get a firm hold on the world markets for the -Swedish paper industry, for which the present time is most favorable. - - - - -THE GOVERNMENT’S PAPER BILL. - - -The high cost of paper is hampering the work of the United States -government seriously. Publications are being cut down and plans are -under way to discontinue those of minor importance. Officials in all -departments put into effect today orders to conserve paper. A principal -step is use of smaller type in printing. - -The United States government annually places the largest individual -contract made in this country for paper. When paper required for -present fiscal year is ready for delivery, general purchasing agents -have been warned that mills will not be able to meet a demand equally -as great next year, even at enormous increase in price. - -Dr. O. H. Briggs, head of government general supply division says: -“Latest reports show a crisis in the paper industry, and retrenchment -all along the line will be enforced. Government contract price for fine -grades of typewriting paper last year was 12 cents a pound. Today we -should have to pay 20 cents. We are using 100 different kinds of paper. -Since the war the price has jumped about 100% and will continue to -soar.” - -Government printing demands about 15 carloads daily and paper for its -use alone has amounted to more than $1,000,000 a year. Printing paper -for this year’s work costs 4½ cents, but contracts for future supplies -will show 100% increase or more in price. - - - - -CHANGES AT FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY - - -Dr. J. S. Bates, Superintendent of the Forest Products Laboratories, -has left for Shawinigan Falls to assist the Imperial Government in the -production of chemical products needed in munitions manufacture. Dr. -Bates is “loaned” to the Imperial Government by the Dominion Government -for the period of the war. - -W. Boyd Campbell B.Sc., Assistant Superintendent, who has been to the -front for the past twelve months, has returned to take up the duties of -Dr. Bates until his return. - - * * * * * - -There arrived 10,368,000,000 matches in New York a few days ago from -Sweden on SS. Stockholm to relieve shortage in United States. Steamer -also brought 7,500 bales of wood pulp. - - - - -INSURANCE OF STANDING TIMBER REGARDED AS FEASIBLE. - - -Standing timber is one fire risk that hitherto has not been regarded -with favor by the fire insurance companies. Some insurance of this sort -has been written in Canada by the London Lloyds on separate limited -tracts and an excess loss only, the insured bearing all losses below -this limit. The Phoenix Insurance Co., of London, is, however, this -year writing some insurance upon green standing timber in Oregon and -Washington, with certain restrictions, and at rates varying from 1 -and 1½ per cent. The timber must be accessible to markets, not unduly -exposed to fire hazard, and only one risk is taken in each fire zone or -area indicated by the Company. No risk is written greater than $17,500 -in any one such area. - -W. R. Brown in an article on this subject in “American Forestry” goes -in to some detail in discussing the possibilities of this subject. He -summarizes the fire experiences within the territory of various fire -prevention associations, and his figures include the 22,000,000 acres -under the supervision of E. C. Allen in the twelve western private -fire prevention associations which he supervises; the New Hampshire -Timberland Owners’ Association with 1,000,000 acres; the Northern -Fire Protective Association of Michigan with 2,000,000 acres; the St. -Maurice Valley Fire Protective Association of Quebec with an area of -8,000,000 acres--the total of the four associations being 33,000,000 -acres. The expenditure for forest ranging and fire prevention is -approximately 1 cent an acre for the first three and ¼ cent an acre for -the Canadian organization. In the western associations the fire loss -for the year 1910 was one-half of 1 per cent. In each association since -that time it has been much less than that figure, except for 1914 in -the Canadian association, when one fire got away and the fire loss of -the year was three-fourths of 1 per cent. upon the timber valuation. -Taking all four areas together and summarizing the figures for each -which Mr. Allen gives, the average yearly losses respectively were as -follows: - -1910, .005; 1911, .000171; 1912, .0002328; 1913, .0012636; 1914, -.00253; 1915, .00427. - -The writer concludes from these figures that in such protective areas -fire insurance should cost for the loss ratio not over one-half -per cent. annually, with another one-half per cent. added for -administration cost of the insurance plan. He gives some further -experience upon which to base this conclusion. In Minnesota during the -last ten years, with its forest wealth of $280,000,000, the average -fire loss has been about $100,000 or one-thirty-fourth of 1 per cent. -annually.--American Lumberman. - - - - -PAPER CLOTHES. - - -A new German textile in which paper is spun with about 20 per cent. of -cotton is being exhibited in Copenhagen. - -Unspun cotton in the form of down is glued to one side of endless rolls -of paper and the paper is then shorn into narrow bands, which are spun -with the cotton side outwards. - -Danish experts were shown “paper” underclothing, jerseys, sheets, -bandages, and horse blankets, but the cost of production of the cloth -is said to be too high to allow its competing with cotton and woolen -cloth under normal conditions. - - - - -MUNICIPAL FORESTRY. - - -Forestry can never appeal to individual enterprise on a large scale. -Returns are too slow. As a national enterprise of the highest -importance it is gaining recognition, and there is a tendency among -some American cities to take advantage of its many possibilities. With -the exception of the vicinity of the Great Lakes, the world’s largest -reservoir of pure fresh water, cities must have water supplies from -available drainage or watershed areas. These can be devoted to forestry -with advantage from a sanitary point of view, and also with profit when -the trees begin to mature. Where convenient, the forested area can -also be made to serve as public parks. The city of Fall River, Mass., -began in 1909 to plant trees in Watuppa Pond Reservation. There are -3,232 acres of land belonging to the municipality in a natural forest -condition and 1,552 acres suitable for reforesting. The trees are -supplied by the State Forestry Bureau. The Metropolitan Water Board, -which represents Boston and other cities in this matter, has planted, -chiefly in the Wachusetts Reservation, about 1,800 acres with forest -trees. In six years the State forestry service has furnished to the -cities of the State a sufficient number of trees to cover 1,481 acres, -and it is estimated that 15,000 acres in city reservoir tracts have -been put under some kind of forest treatment. Massachusetts has gone -beyond the use of the watershed reservations for this purpose. An act -was passed by the Legislature three years ago permitting cities to buy -land to be kept distinctly as forests, quite aside from water purposes. -There are now several of these city forests in existence. - -Elsewhere in the United States the same tendency exists. In ten large -and middling-sized cities forest domains aggregating over 150,000 acres -are maintained, and it is probable that municipal forests comprise -250,000 acres. Newark, N.J., has a forest of 22,000 acres, and in time -the whole of it may be scientifically forested. Hartford, Conn., has -a forest property of 4,000 acres, which is being developed for timber -production. Here are examples for Canadian cities. Winnipeg’s water -development may be made to serve a double purpose. Even Toronto’s -suburban ravines, though unsuited and unnecessary for water supply, -might serve the dual purpose of timber production and park systems. -Municipal trading has many critics, often unreasonable, but municipal -reforesting should be made a possibility where Provincial authority is -neglecting its duty in that regard and falling behind in the march of -progress.--Toronto Globe. - - - - -PUBLISHERS TO MAKE PAPER. - - -Fifty newspaper publishers of Florida are considering establishment of -a plant to manufacture paper from pulp of fibrous trees and bushes in -that state, particularly palmetto. Investigations have shown fibrous -material is of better quality than spruce pulp which is used in -manufacture of newsprint. - - * * * * * - -In connection with the advance in paper issues, timber limits, which -normally have a value of about $1,000 a square mile, have risen to -$2,000 a square mile. - - * * * * * - -A prominent dealer who returned a few days ago from the Quebec -woodlands reports that the supply of pulpwood this year is but 50 per -cent. of what it was a year ago because of the inability to get labor. - - - - -SCARCITY OF PAPER IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. - - -The following information furnished by United States consuls and -published in the United States Commerce Reports, will be of interest to -the Canadian paper trade:-- - - -Government May Take Action to Relieve Brazilian Situation. - -The scarcity of paper, and particularly of news-print paper, in Rio de -Janeiro is still a serious matter. While stocks have been replenished, -there are signs that another crisis is approaching. The “Jornal do -Commercio”, the leading daily paper of the city, in an editorial on -July 7, seriously proposed that unless the Brazilian Congress saw fit -to reduce the import duties on news-print paper for a time, all the -newspapers of the country should begin to eliminate news that was -superfluous and print smaller daily editions so as to save paper. - -The matter has attracted widespread attention, perhaps on account of -the impressions that importers usually profit by a scarcity on the -local market to make exorbitant demands for what stocks they may have -on hand. Although the serious situation now confronting the country has -been looming up threateningly for a long time past, no effort seems to -have been made to save paper or to collect waste paper and rags. - -Senhor Dunshee de Abrantee, of the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies, -himself a man familiar with journalism and the needs of the paper -trade, has already presented to Congress a proposed amendment to the -forthcoming budget law, providing that imported paper shall pay no duty -and only the expediente tax on entering the country. - - -Spanish Government Asked To Seek Remedy. - -The scarcity of paper in Spain has caused some anxiety, and -representatives of Spanish publishers, printers, and manufacturers of -paper and cardboard have informed the Government of their willingness -to postpone filling export orders until after the domestic demand for -their products has been fully met. They also expressed a desire that -the Government fix prices and conditions to control the export of -raw materials used in paper manufacture. Accordingly, a royal order, -published June 15, 1916, appointed a commission, a representative of -the Government presiding, formed of three delegates chosen from each -interested group, namely, paper manufacturers, newspaper publishers, -and those engaged in bookmaking arts. - -This commission is to pass on all complaints formulated, proposing, -if necessary, such methods as it judges opportune with respect to -the export of paper and un-manufactured cardboard. The custom house -authorities must submit to this commission a sample of every class of -paper or cardboard exported, its origin, and the name of the exporter. - -The paper-making interests in Spain employs chiefly wood-pulp, and its -price has increased about 85 per cent since the war began. Imports of -wood-pulp in 1913 amounted to 61,000 metric tons of 2,204.6 pounds -each; in 1914 to 40,000 tons, and in 1915 to 50,000 tons. More than -half of this supply comes from Sweden; other sources are Germany and -Norway. - -Wood-pulp and logs for making pulp coming from foreign countries were -exempted from the transport tax in March last, and an export duty of 18 -pesetas gold per 100 kilograms ($1.58 per 100 pounds) levied on endless -paper weighing from 41 to 50 grams per square metre and containing -mechanical pulp. - - - - -SUPPLY AND DEMAND LAW CONTROLS PAPER PRICES. - - -In his address before the New York Business Publishers’ Association, -formerly the New York Trade Press Association, at the Advertising Club -of New York on Oct. 2, Judge C. F. Moore, secretary of the Bureau of -Statistics of the Book Paper Manufacturers’ Association, declared that -there was a real paper famine in the United States, and that the law of -supply and demand was solely responsible for the present high prices of -book paper. - -He went on to say that the people in the United States were enormously -busy and that they were using more paper than ever before; that there -was a more acute paper famine abroad than in America, that the mills -in the United States were all working day and night six days a week, -and that because of discouraging legislation passed by Congress in the -past the paper manufacturers had not been keen on building new plants -and installing new machinery when there was such a chance for keen -competition from abroad. He asserted that there had been no agreement -by paper makers to boost the price or to regulate it. - - - - -LOCKWOOD’S DIRECTORY. - - -Lockwood’s Directory of the Paper & Stationery Allied Trades for 1917, -has just been received by the Pulp and Paper Magazines. The work has -come to be regarded as a standard publication, and is eagerly looked -for by those engaged in the pulp and paper industry. - -The Directory this year contains 768 pages as compared with 742 pages -for the previous year. It contains a vast amount of information -relating to paper dealers, rag and paper stock dealers, paper box -manufacturers, twine manufacturers, wall paper makers, envelope -manufacturers, paper bag producers, trade associations, the stationary -trade, water marks and brands, etc. - -The Trade Statistics contained in the Paper are brought right up to -date, which in view of the changed conditions brought about by the -European war, make it of particular value. The price to anyone engaged -in the trade is $3.00. It is published by the Lockwood Journal Company, -10 East 39th St., New York. - - - - -THE WOOD DISTILLATION INDUSTRY. - - -It is estimated by the New York State College of Forestry that 640 -cords of beech, birch and maple wood are used every day in the wood -distillation industry in New York State. The industry has been greatly -stimulated by the European war inasmuch as acetate of lime, of one the -principal products of the industry, is used in the manufacture of high -explosives. - - - - -THREE IDLE MILLS. - - -At the present time there are but three idle pulp and paper mills in -Canada, two of which are located in British Columbia, and the third in -Nova Scotia. These are all small mills, and in contrast to that, it -is only necessary to point out that all the other mills in Canada are -working to capacity. - - * * * * * - -The annual consumption of paper pulp wood in the United States is -4,300,000 cords, representing an expenditure of $36,000,000 by -approximately 250 companies. - - - - -SHOES LIKE “THE WONDERFUL ONE HORSE SHAY.” - - -When a man is “on his uppers” he is in a very serious condition for -then his shoe soles have worn out and he has no money to buy more. -This expression therefore carries with it the assumption that the -uppers of our shoes wear better than the soles. It is a slang phrase of -recent introduction: for can we not recall our boyhood days, and see -those gorgeous patches on our Sunday best wax calf shoes, or our every -day high boots--patches which were striking emblems of the cobbler’s -art? Yes, the soles outwore the uppers then, but they had other less -desirable qualities than durability. Hark back, and you can hear again -that vibrant reverberation echoing upon the stillness of the Sabbath -morn as the deacon, contribution box in hand, tip-toed up and down the -aisle; every squeak of those blessed boots sounding like the droaning -of a rusty saw in a hemlock log. - -Times have changed, however, since those happy days. The Chemist has -been busy, and his achievements in the leather industry have been -revolutionary. In 1884, Augustus Schultz of New York City, who was not -a tanner but a chemist, patented a process for tanning with chromium -salts. As a result of this discovery, over ninety per cent. of the -shoes worn throughout the world to-day are made with chrome-tanned -upper leather. This chrome-tanned leather, which, we are proud to say -was made commercially possible in America, is cheaper, more durable, -easier to manufacture, holds its shape better, and, in every other -respect, is superior to bark-tanned leather of former years. This is -the reason why we do not wear patches on our shoe uppers to-day. - -The sole leather of to-day, it is claimed, does not wear so well as -that of former years. Possibly this may be the case, but still the -statement is open to a question. Granted, however, that the sole -leather of fifty years ago did wear somewhat longer, there are reasons -why we should not care to return to its use. In place of the old style -leather, which was a hard and as hard and as slippery as steel, we now -have a leather which cuts well, looks well, and, above all else, feels -well on the foot. Therefore, looking to our comfort as we do, we would -never be satisfied with the shoes that grandpa used to wear. - -The meeting of the American Chemical Society, which was held in New -York City during the week of September 25 to 30, and the Exposition of -Chemical Industries meeting there at the same time, makes us wonder -if the chemist will soon be able to make the sole of a shoe wear as -long as the upper. Something along this line may be forthcoming, as it -is pretty well known in the trade that a sole leather can be produced -by means of a so-called chrome combination tannage which will outwear -bark-tanned leather three to one. To prove this point, a recent series -of tests were made on twenty mail carriers and twenty policemen in New -York City. On the right shoe of each was a sole made from a chrome -combination, and on the left was the best oak sole obtainable. On the -average, two oak soles wore through and the men were on the third -before the chrome combination saw its finish. - -With the price of leather constantly going up and the supply of hides -not sufficient to meet the demand, the time is soon coming when we -shall be forced to produce sole leather possessing a greater degree of -wearing quality. We shall then have shoes on our feet which will be -like the proverbial, “One Horse Shay”; for, when they do go, even the -cobbler will not be able to find the pieces. - - - - -WORK OF THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS. - - -Reference is made in a recent issue of the “Scientific American” to the -excellent work being done at the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. -In relation to the pulp and paper laboratory presided over by Frederick -C. Clark, a prominent member of the Technical Association of the Pulp -and Paper Industry, the “Scientific American” says: - -“Some time ago, the Government, realizing that we were cut off from -supplies of rags and waste paper, which heretofore had been imported in -large quantities, appealed to the public to save such refuse material -and sell it to paper manufacturers. As a result of this appeal, a -manufacturer of waxed paper asked the Department of Commerce whether -any use could be made of clippings of his product. In the production of -waxed paper sheets, this company is burdened with large quantities of -clippings, which have been hauled away by the carload and destroyed. -Owing to the association of the paraffin wax with the fiber of the -paper, such clippings cannot be introduced into ordinary paper pulp.” - - - - -QUEBEC’S FOREST ECONOMY. - - -(Telegraph, St. John, N.B.). - -Quebec, some years ago, established a provincial nursery, and this -year, in addition to the young trees planted on Crown lands, the -provincial nursery shipped 400,000 seedlings to pulp and paper -companies which are reafforesting the lands they have cut over. The -Laurentide company alone bought 250,000 of these young trees. A large -number were sold to other pulp and paper companies, and to private -individuals. The Perthius seignory alone bought 50,000 seedlings this -year; and this is the sixth year in succession during which trees have -been bought from the province for use in this seignory. With this -example just over our provincial line fence, New Brunswick continues a -policy of waste and neglect. - - - - -PAPER SHORTAGE SERIOUS IN NEW ZEALAND. - - -New Zealand paper shortage is interfering greatly with printing -business and the government is limiting publications turned out by -it. Because of difficulty in getting paper, managers of a number of -publications talk of suspending. - -Supplies of certain lines of paper, cardboards, pasteboards, etc., are -almost impossible to obtain, and it seems unlikely that this condition -will improve much until some time after the war, unless American or -Canadian manufacturers are able to relieve the situation. Scarcity of -envelopes is very marked, and it is almost impossible to obtain certain -lines. One firm in Auckland took orders for 25,000,000 envelopes, but -has been able to get orders accepted in the United States for only -15,000,000, and to date only 5,000,000 have been delivered. - - * * * * * - -The output of pulp and paper from British Columbia last year was 50,307 -tons of manufactured paper and 13,000 tons of sulphite pulp, valued at -$3,200,000. - - - - -UNITED STATES NOTES - -(Special to Pulp and Paper Magazine). - - -October 14, 1916. - -Considerable interest was manifest in the New York paper circle -during the past fortnight by the resignation from the International -Paper Company of Arthur E. Wright. Mr. Wright has been connected with -the International for many years. At one time he was Vice-President -and Sales Manager, but several years ago he relinquished the former -position to devote his entire time to the daily distribution of the -company’s 1,500 tons of paper. Mr. Wright has been appointed Secretary -of the Perkins-Goodwin Company at 33 West 42nd Street, New York, and -has already assumed his new duties. - - * * * * * - -Another addition to its mills is announced by the Union Bag & Paper -Company. At the offices of the big concern in the Woolworth Building, -New York, it was said last week it had been decided to build a -plant at Hudson Falls, N.Y., for the manufacture of paper bags. The -specifications call for a four story building, 100 by 400 feet. Work -will be begun immediately and when completed it is expected to increase -the company’s pay roll by approximately 400 people. - - * * * * * - -Press dispatches from San Francisco, Cal., state that the Northwestern -Compo Board Company, which, by the way, is a branch of the C. A. Smith -Lumber Company, had negotiated with the Union Lumber Company to utilize -its redwood refuse at Fort Bragg, Cal., for the manufacture of Compo -board. It is also understood that work will be started immediately upon -the erection of a suitable mill at that place. - - * * * * * - -Hans Lagerlof, President of the Scandinavian Trading Company, with -offices in the Produce Exchange Building, New York, has just returned -from a protracted trip through Scandinavia. Mr. Lagerlof left the -States last July, and relates some very interesting experiences during -his sojourn in the war zone. - - * * * * * - -After being idle for about six years, the old paper mills at Mount -Holly Springs, Mass., will shortly resume operations. The Mount Holly -Paper Mills, Inc., has been chartered in Massachusetts to take over the -properties and good will of the old concern. The officers of the new -corporation are: Frank Locke, President; H. T. Maynard, Vice-President -and General Manager, and H. A. G. Locke, Treasurer. It is stated that -the mills will be placed in operations as soon as repairs can be made -and new necessary machinery installed. - - * * * * * - -The Northwestern Paper Company, of Minneapolis, Minn., has amended its -charter increasing its capital from $1,000,000 to $1,500,000. - - * * * * * - -Quite a number of the leading paper jobbers exhibited at the third -annual printing show at New York, September 30th to October 7th, where -they demonstrated their various grades of papers to the printers of the -country. This exhibition has always interested the paper jobbers very -much, and it was said that this year’s show was attended by a greater -number of people than ever before. - - * * * * * - -The correspondent on the Pacific Coast of one of the leading trade -journals states in a current dispatch that the Hawley Pulp and Paper -Company is building a new pare mill at Oregon City, Ore. Orders have -been placed for the machinery and excavation for a concrete foundation -has begun. It is expected that the mill will be ready for operation -about Spring time. - - * * * * * - -It is understood on good authority that the Kalamazoo Paper Company, -Kalamazoo, Mich., in order to have sufficient power to run its -new coating plant, will increase its present power plant by the -installation of a new 1,250 horsepower turbine engine. Other necessary -additions will also be added which will make the company have one of -the largest power plants in the state. - - * * * * * - -The Delaware charters during the past fortnight listed the Roberts -Sulphite Company. Objects of the new corporation are to deal in wood -pulp and paper stock. The capital stock is placed at $2,500,000. - - * * * * * - -Another large pulp corporation to be reported during the past fortnight -is the Filer Fibre Company. This is a $300,000 concern. It proposes -to engage in the manufacture of wood pulp at Manistee, Mich. It is -understood that the concern, which is backed by E. G. Filer, will begin -immediately the building of its mill, and be in operation sometime -about the early spring. - - * * * * * - -Fifty newspaper publishers of the State of Florida, convened at -Jacksonville on October 6th and 7th to discuss the high cost of -printing paper and consider the advisability of establishing a plant -in Florida to manufacture paper from pulp of fibrous trees and bushes, -particularly the palmetto. Investigations, it is said, have shown that -fibrous materials are of better quality than the spruce pulp which is -used by the mills in the north. Several specimens were shown at the -meeting and those from the Florida trees showed more tensile strength -than any of the other grades submitted. It was said that the Florida -editors will endorse and promote any move that will bring about the -establishment of a mill in that state. - - - - -NEW YORK MARKETS. - - -New York, N.Y., October 7, 1916. - -The outlook in ground wood pulp is very discouraging, so far as the -consumer is concerned. There is now a definite certainty that the -market must continue to grow more acute and that the value of pulp -will be on the ascendancy for some time. While there has been no -material increase in the quotations reported for ground wood, since our -last issue, these figures are beginning to represent nominal issues, -for it is becoming rather difficult to negotiate for such supplies. -Now, more than ever, does the prediction, made several months ago, that -ground wood pulp would reach $40.00 per ton, seem plausible. From the -grinders come reports that they have little to offer. They are working -their mills to capacity fulfilling obligations which carry them through -the balance of the year. Those mills which have surplus stocks are -asking tophigh prices. - -It is most unfortunate at this time, but it is understood that, in -various parts of the country, the water conditions are very poor and -that it is with difficulty many of the machines are being kept in -operation. In fact, some of the mills have been shut down a good part -of the time, owing to lack of water power. This is a very serious -condition, because the demand has reached extraordinary proportions. -Not only is there the usual call for ground wood, caused by the Fall -business, but there is an added demand, stimulated by the shortage of -sulphites and the rush of many mills to substitute, as far as possible, -the ground wood pulp. Present quotations have already reached $30 per -ton, f.o.b. mill. - -Conditions in the sulphite markets seem to be growing worse, rather -than showing any tendency to improve. Importations are very limited -and it is apparent that the foreign producers are not at all very -anxious to have much of their stock sent to his country. For, they -say, the continent of Europe presents a much better paying field. It -is understood that the Germans, the French, Italians, and the other -countries which are able to get stock from Sweden are paying whatever -is being asked--more than the current quotations in the United States. -Domestic mills are working to capacity and the volume of imports -from Canada has increased considerably, but the demand is of such -proportions that it is impossible for the manufacturers to keep up -with it. A great deal of interest is reported in the market, but mills -still hesitate about paying the very high prices and are buying very -cautiously, in the hope that the situation will improve in the near -future. But indications are far from warranting such hopes. Bleached -sulphite is to-day quoted--nominally--at as high as 9½c for foreign -stock. Easy bleaching is going at about 6½c--whenever it can be had. -Domestic unbleached is quoted at about 4c, but is also not available -in large quantities. Foreign strong unbleached remains at about 5c to -5½c. Krafts are to-day practically unobtainable. The producers are -consuming whatever they have not already contracted to sell, finding it -more profitable to convert the pulp into paper. Reports have been heard -of instances where manufacturers have not found it possible to live up -to their obligations and have had to stop deliveries on contracts. The -nominal price for kraft pulp is about 5¾c. - -The rag market, as a whole, is very quiet. As the local dealers say, -the situation is dependent on the action of roofing rags and, since -these are inactive, the other grades are forced into a similar state. -Reports from the roofing mills show that they are all working to -capacity and that they have plenty of orders on hand. However, they -are all pretty well stocked with rags and have no need to come into -the market. It seems to be understood in the trade, from the way the -buying is going on, that the manufacturers are conferring possibly -once a week and are informing each other of the various amounts of -stock which have been offered by dealers and of the prices which have -been named. In this way it has been possible for them to keep tabs -on the rag men and to keep the market from advancing. Because of the -inactivity in roofing, thirds and blues, solid whites, and the other -grades of old rags have not been moving very well, nor have they been -bringing the prices which the dealers expected they would be bringing -at this time of the year. A slight increase, however, was noted in -the demand for No. 1 new white rags. In fact, one rumor had it that a -large lot of these rags had been sold at 10c. It is known that a large -writing manufacturer refused an offer at 9c and a little later wired an -acceptance, but it was not taken. - -Rope has been looming up strong within the past few weeks and the -market is now verging the 6c mark. It is understood that there are lots -of stocks in England, but these cannot be had because of the embargo so -the domestic manufacturers find themselves facing a scarcity in this -particular commodity. The demand is now improving and bids fair to -continue so for some time. - -The waste paper market has been characterized with considerable -activity during the past few weeks. The shortage of sulphite has -stimulated buying considerably and everyone is in the market looking -for stock. Hard white and soft white shavings, in particular, are in -strong demand and are reaching a stage where they will be hard to -obtain. They are quoted about as follows: hard white, 4¼c to 4¾c; soft -white, 3 to 4c. The demand for ledger, magazine and book stock is -fairly strong and will most likely increase in strength, if present -indications are to be taken into account. Ledger stock is at 2¼c to -2½c; magazine, at 1¾c; krafts, at 3c; mixed papers, at 60c to 65c. - -In the paper market, the acute situation remains unrelieved, nor is -there any apparent sign of relief visible. This is true of all kinds -of paper. The mills are all operating to capacity in the hope of -catching up with orders, but this hope has been futile as will be -realized when it is understood that some of the manufacturers are still -working on orders received several months ago. Newsprint has been the -miracle of the industry. Despite all of the schemes which have been -published stating the many ways in which the newspapers were curtailing -their consumption and saving paper, the demand is to-day as strong -as it ever was. The mills are shipping more than 100 per cent. of -their production--drawing from their reserve supplies, so that these -have dwindled to a dangerous degree. It would be hard to name a real -quotation for newsprint at the present time for the only lots to be had -are not those in the hands of jobbers who are asking as much as they -can get for their stock. - -Wrapping papers are still very hard to get. It will be interesting to -know that many of the large consumers of wrapping paper have reached -the stage where they find they cannot stand the cost and are making -price as follows: so much for an article unwrapped, and so much for an -article wrapped. - -R. W. JOLLY. - - - - -ROOF TRUSSES COLLAPSE AT PLANT OF ONTARIO PAPER COMPANY, LIMITED. - - -On the 19th of September six roof trusses on the new machine room -building, which is under construction at the plant of the Ontario Paper -Company, Thorold, collapsed. - -The building when completed will have fourteen trusses and at the -time of the accident six trusses had been erected with the exception -of riveting them. Seventy-five per cent. of the rivet holes had been -filled with proper bolts. The trusses were all tied together with -purlins of 6″ × 8″ Long Leaf Yellow Pine. - -When the six trusses were finished the guy line which held No. 1 truss -was slacked off as it was felt that the steel work would support -itself. When the guy line was loose the entire six trusses simply -toppled over without any warning. - -Mr. Sam Bartlett, who was working on this structure in the capacity of -iron worker was caught between the falling structure and an 18″ 1. beam -and was instantly killed. He was a resident of Sydney, Nova Scotia. - -Careful examination of the steel was made after the accident and while -a number of theories have been advanced to explain the failure nothing -definite can be determined. - -The collapse will not delay construction materially as the wreckage has -been cleared away and new trusses are rapidly being built. - - - - -WHERE QUEBEC LEADS. - - -Not only does Quebec take effective measures against fire in her -forest lands, but she takes effective measures to keep the forests -in perpetuation, where they do not cover cultivable land. Quebec -some years ago established a provincial nursery, and this year, in -addition to the young trees planted on Crown lands, the provincial -nursery shipped 400,000 seedlings to pulp and paper companies which -are reafforesting the lands they have cut over. The Laurentide company -alone bought 250,000 of these young trees. A large number were sold to -other pulp and paper companies and to private individuals. The Perthius -seignory alone bought 50,000 seedlings this year; and this is the -sixth year in succession during which trees have been bought from the -province for use in this seignory.--Hamilton Herald. - - - - -REGULATIONS RE WET PULP. - - -With regard to the importation of wet sulphite wood-pulp from Canada -and the United States, according to a bulletin just issued by the Trade -and Commerce Department, the British Royal Commission on Paper have -decided that where they are satisfied that this pulp contains moisture -in excess of the quantity contained in ordinary dry pulp, they will -grant licenses for that excess up to, but not exceeding, 40 per cent. -of the total weight, in the case of pulp arriving in the United Kingdom -after August 7. The pulp must be imported on the ordinary licenses -issued by the commission. The amount of moisture excess must be proved -by the certificate of a competent chemist. - - - - -SHINGLES THAT WILL NOT BURN. - - -According to information in the hands of the West Coast Lumbermen’s -Association, an Iowa pharmacist after seventeen months experimenting, -has produced a liquid which makes wooden shingles absolutely fireproof. -In a test of the new fireproofing liquid, made at the University of -Iowa by the inventor, a block of wood one-half inch thick was saturated -with the fireproofing and then placed in running water for twenty-four -hours. After that it was thoroughly dried again and held for one hour -over a Bunsen burner, which had a temperature of between 700 and 1,000 -degrees Fahrenheit, that being a much greater heat, it is said, than is -developed in a conflagration. The wood was not burned and only charred -very slightly at the point of the flame. The new compound is reported -to be sufficiently low in cost to make it practical in connection with -shingle manufacture, and when a shingle is saturated the moisture drys -out, leaving an insoluble mineral fireproofing substance in the fibre -cells of the wood, which cannot be washed out with water and is said -absolutely to prevent combustion. - - - - -TO VISIT CANADA. - - -A special trade commission from Australia which will investigate -overseas methods of manufacture and production, and conditions of -employment, in timber, paper, iron and other industries will shortly -come to Canada. The commission will be composed of experts, an equal -number of representatives of capital and labor being arranged for. They -will also visit the United States. - - * * * * * - -Two new wet machines are being placed in the Foley pulp mill at -Thorold and a new grinder has been installed in the Davey mill, which -is connected with the Foley plant and will shortly be operated in -conjunction with it. - - * * * * * - -Waste hemlock tanbark remaining after tannin is extracted is being used -by a number of mills in place of between 30% and 40% of expensive rag -stock ordinarily used in making felt roofing. - - * * * * * - -A. A. McDiarmid, has resigned his position as chief engineer on the -Mattagami Pulp and Paper Co., Toronto, and is now engaged in special -work at Sault Ste. Marie. - - - - -OUR PULP AND PAPER EXPORTS. - - -The increase in the exports of paper, wood for pulp and pulp for the -twelve months ending June last is 23.8 per cent. To a considerable -extent this is due to advancing prices. It will be noticed that the -export of wood pulp during the period of the twelve months in question -has declined slightly. There is more wood available at the present time -than a few months ago. Northern Ontario points report the most acute -shortage, although the situation there has improved somewhat. - - 1915. 1916. 1916. - To Britain. To U.S. - Paper $16,200,635 $21,256,296 $1,032,786 $17,759,018 - Pulpwood 6,463,125 6,102,170 ---- 6,102,170 - Wood pulp 9,257,036 12,220,988 672,673 10,793,647 - ----------- ----------- ---------- ----------- - Total $31,920,796 $39,579,454 $1,705,459 $34,654,835 - - - - -PULP AND PAPER NEWS - - -Mr. H. Moore, secretary of the Clements Paper Co., Nashville, Tenn., -spent a few days in Toronto and Montreal recently calling upon the -trade. - -W. J. Gage, President of W. J. Gage and Co., Toronto and the Kinleith -Paper Co., St. Catharines, has been awarded $4,000 damages by -Arbitrator P. H. Brayton in his claim against the city of Toronto. -In connection with the Bathurst street hill improvements a retaining -wall was built which stood against the Gage property and the latter -contended that the site should be treated as a business location. Mr. -Gage witnesses declared that the damage done was several times more -than what has been awarded. The official arbitrator took the view that -the land occupied by the retaining wall should be paid for and no more -and handed out judgment accordingly. - -At the annual meeting held recently in Toronto, the report of the -directors and the annual financial statement of the Spanish River Paper -Mills, Limited, which have already been published in these columns, -were presented. The improvement in the company’s position was favorably -commented upon. George H. Mead was re-elected president, P. B. Wilson, -Vice-president, Thomas Gibson, Secretary and A. H. Chitty, Treasurer. - -So serious has become the shortage of news print in Winnipeg, that -the newspapers of that city have discontinued giving free copies to -employees while all correspondents have been cut off and no free -exchanges to other newspapers are given. - -The district fire rangers around Port Arthur have returned to their -homes having concluded their duties for the present season. The loss -from fires in the Thunder Bay district this year was the smallest on -record. - -John Rumelhart, who was convicted of having stolen pulp wood in his -possession, was sentenced at Port Arthur to twenty-six months in the -penitentiary. In passing sentence upon him Sir Glenholme Falconbridge -stated that the rights of pulp wood owners must be respected. The pulp -wood in question was from a storage room of the Horrigan Co., which was -located at Black Bay. - -The engagement is announced of Miss Edna Frances, daughter of Mr. and -Mrs. Frank E. Mutton, Toronto, to Flight Lieutenant Arthur W. Kilgour, -youngest son of Mr. Robert Kilgour of Toronto, President of the Trent -River Paper Co., Frankford, Ont. Miss Mutton left this week for Bombay, -India, where the marriage will take place. - -Herbert C. Jarvis, General Manager of the Empire Wall Paper Co., -Limited, Toronto, states that the price of all materials entering in -the manufacture of wall paper, has increased by leaps and bounds during -the past few months and the end is not yet in sight. A few months ago -prices were advanced and the company expected that this increase would -result in decreased sales but on the contrary the demand is steadily -growing. With the large contracts which the firm have, Mr. Jarvis says -that he hopes to maintain net prices about the same as are today. - -A charter has been granted to Canadian Wood Products, Limited, with -headquarters in Toronto and a share capital of $40,000. The company -is empowered to manufacture and deal in lumber, pulp and other forest -products. - -Ald. A. H. Stratton, of Peterboro, who was for many years engaged in -the stationery and wall paper business in that city and is a brother -of the late Hon. J. R. Stratton, proprietor of the Peterboro Examiner, -has, in company with his brother-in-law, T. F. Matthews, purchased -the plant and business of the Review Printing and Publishing Co., -Peterboro, which has been in liquidation. The Review is one of the -oldest in Ontario being established in 1853 by the Whites who later -became owners of the Montreal Gazette. - -The wholesale paper business in Montreal formerly carried on by John R. -MacGregor has been taken over by John R. MacGregor and Thomas Harkness -and is now conducted under the name of the MacGregor-Harkness Paper Co. - -Port Arthur is to have a large sulphite plant, a free site being -given the company on the north water front, of some *0 acres. An -agreement has been entered into between the corporation and has several -and astern capitalists. The bylaw will be soon voted upon by the -ratepayers. The first unit is to be started within thirty days after -the carrying of the measure, and be completed and in operation within -one year. It will have a capacity of fifty tons a day and, inside of -five years, the capacity is to be increased to one hundred and fifty -tons whereupon the company will receive a deed for a further tract of -land of ninety-seven and one half acres. It is expected that by the -time the complete mill of one hundred and fifty tons is finished the -outlay on buildings and equipment will be in the neighborhood of five -million dollars. - -It was stated recently, both in reports on the street and in some -newspapers that Hon. G. Howard Ferguson, Minister of Lands, Forests -and Mines for Ontario had entered into a secret deal with a large -paper company of Appleton, Wis., enabling that concern to export pulp -from eight thousand acres of Crown lands in the Thunder Bay district, -for manufacture in the United States. It was rumored that the law -compelling all pulp wood on Ontario Crown lands to be first turned into -pulp or paper in the province, before being sent out of the country, -had been set aside by the simple provision of selling the land to the -Appleton firm. Hon. Mr. Ferguson has given an emphatic denial to the -charge, in which he stated there is not a word of truth, and adds -that no suggestion had ever been made to him to allow pulp wood to be -exported. He pointed out, in connection with tenders now being called -for the right to cut pulp wood and other timber on the Pic river and -other territory in the Thunder Bay district covering about 1,400 square -miles that the provisions clearly state that the successful bidder must -erect a pulp mill with a minimum capacity of one hundred and fifty -tons daily which, with its equipment, must cost not less than a million -dollars, and also a paper mill with a capacity of one hundred tons a -day. The tenders for the Pic River concession close on December 1st. - -Thomas Gain, sales manager of the Don Valley Paper Mills, Toronto, who -has been ill for some time, is able to be around again and attend to -his duties. - -Rev. Dr. A. C. Crews, who is editor of the Sunday School publications -of the Methodist Book and Publishing House, Toronto, has been elected -president of the Toronto Chess Club. - -Charles V. Syrett, of the Victoria paper and Twine Co., Toronto, has -returned from a motor trip to Erie, Cleveland and other cities. He also -visited the mills of the Hammermill Paper Co. - -Thomas Wark, who for some time has been superintendent of the Deferiet -mill of the St. Regis Paper Co., has resigned his position to enter -upon his new duties as superintendent of the St. Maurice Paper Co. at -Cap Madeleine, Que. - -A charter has been granted to the W. E. Gallagher Printing Co., -Limited, with a capital stock of fifteen thousand dollars and -headquarters in Kitchener, Ont. to engage in printing, publishing, -engraving, book-binding, etc. as well as to deal in paper boxes and -stationery. The incorporators of the company are W. E. Gallagher, A. B. -Robertson and C. E. Cornell. - - - - -LAURENTIDE POWER COMPANY. - - -An offering is being made of $1,500,000 Laurentide Power bonds at 90 -and interest. - -The segregation of the Laurentide (Paper) Company’s water powers last -year, to the Laurentide Power Company, created a new and very powerful -factor in the hydro-electric situation in the Province of Quebec, and -particularly as regards Montreal. - -The new company was formed by the Laurentide (Paper) Company, with a -capitalization of $7,500,000 of common shares, and the money derived -from the sale 5% par value of first (closed) mortgage bonds, due 1946, -and $10,500,000 of these securities was used to finance the development -of the water power to a present capacity of 125,000 horse-power. - - - - -CANADA’S PAPER EXPORTS. - - -In the year ended June 30, 1916, Canada’s exports of paper were of a -total value of $21,256,296, as against $16,200,635 in the corresponding -period in 1915. Of this former amount $17,759,018 worth or more than -the total value of the 1915 export was sent to the United States. - - - - -CHEAPER DYES. - - -As a result of a discovery made at the Forest Products Laboratory at -Madison cheaper dyes are now available in the United States. It has -been found that dyes made of osage orange wood are a commercial success -and can be placed on the market at a considerably less cost than -foreign-made dyes can be purchased. Carloads of the wood are now in -transit, consigned to eastern extract plants. - - * * * * * - -The anti union Presbyterians are talking of establishing a weekly paper -to forward their cause. The matter is being seriously taken up by the -Publication on Committee and the new paper will likely be a weekly. - - - - -WANT TO BUY DONNACONA. - - -According to a press despatch from Watertown, N.Y. as the Pulp and -Paper Magazine was going to press the following story regarding the -attempted purchase of the Donnacona Paper Company appeared:-- - -The Donnacona Paper Company, with mills located at Donnacona, Quebec, -thirty miles from Quebec City in the St. Lawrence river, is the prize -now sought by the French syndicate of Parisian newspaper publishers who -failed some time ago to secure control of the Remington Paper and Power -Company’s group of mills near here. - -The French interests were unable to get permission from the Government -boards of France to send money from that country to the United States -in time to close the deal before their option expired. - -The Donnacona mills is a new mill, having been in operation but a year. -It has an output of one hundred tons of paper a day. A feature that -appeals to the fact that pulpwood can be bought much cheaper in Canada -than on this side. - -G. H. P. Gould, paper mill magnate and owner of the St. Regis and Gould -Paper Companies, is president of the Donnacona company, with Walter N. -Kernan, of New York, vice-president. - - - - -AN AMERICAN VIEW - - -According to an American exchange the following are the facts relating -to Canada’s pulp and paper industry:-- - -The new mills planned and in course of construction, and the extensions -to existing ones, will, if carried out as intended, add a per-diem -capacity of 840 tons of newsprint before the end of 1918. During the -twelve months ended March last the amount of printing paper exported -was 463,204 tons, or at the rate of 1,544 tons per day, as compared -with a tonnage of 292,579, or 975 tons per day, in the corresponding -period ended March, 1914. - - - - -INTERNATIONAL PAPER INCREASES DIVIDEND - - -The International Paper Company doubled its dividend last week by -declaring a quarterly distribution of 1 per cent., or 4 per cent. per -annum on the preferred stock, as compared with the 2 per cent. annual -rate maintained since 1908. There is $22,407,000 of the preferred -outstanding. - - - - -BUYING CANADIAN MILLS. - - -N. M. Jones of Bangor, Maine announces that at a conference of -capitalists in New York, from which he has just returned, the sale of -the largest pulp and paper mill in the Canadian Maritime Provinces -to a syndicate of Maine and New York men was arranged. The property, -for which it is said $2,000,000 will be paid includes mills at the -Reversing Falls, near St. John, N.B., and large timber lands in New -Brunswick. The syndicate includes Hugh Chisholm of Portland, President -of the Oxford Paper Company, and Maynard S. Bird, also of Portland. - - - - -PROTECT YOUR WIRE ROPE WHEN NOT IN USE. - - -When a shipment of wire rope is received and is not to be placed -immediately into service, see that it is stored away in a place -protected from the weather and any acid fumes. It is advisable to coat -the outside layer of the reel or coil with a good lubricant. - - - - -_The Markets_ - -(Special to Pulp & Paper Magazine.) - - -CANADIAN MARKETS - -The news print situation is now the livest subject among the trade and -the seriousness of conditions is being brought home to publishers as -never before. The mills are not as alleged by some responsible for it -all. While the war is unjustly charged with many ills in the way of -trade disturbances, to attribute the present state of affairs entirely -to the hostilities in Europe is quite correct, so far as Canada is -concerned. Hundreds of men have joined the colors leaving most of the -plants short of help and owing to abnormal demand and the embargoes -which prevail, abroad--all due to the war,--there is not enough of that -very necessity commodity--white paper--to go around. This in brief is, -the exact state of affairs. In the past Canadian mills were looking -for a market for their surplus product and were glad to make contracts -covering a long period of time. News print was looked upon as staple -and the variation in price from year to year was small indeed. Now the -manufacturers do not know which way to turn. They could sell as much -again as they are marketing if they had the productive facilities but -of late months they have not been able to “pile up reserves”, as the -banks state, and the stocks on hand are rapidly diminishing. - -The average publisher has read a great deal about this condition of -affairs but as there have been so many extravagant reports in all lines -prevailing during this stirring period, he did not think there was -much truth in the statement. It was only when the newspaper men tried -to renew contracts that he realized for the first time he was face to -face with a situation such as he has never been up against. There is -no use blaming it on the mills. They have done the best they could -under most trying circumstances. They are running their plants to full -capacity and they have not unduly taken advantage of the situation to -boost prices in Canada. The increase asked is infinitesimal to what the -makers can obtain for their product on the other side. - -The story is going the rounds, and so far has not been denied, that one -of the big new plants of Canada was approached by American interests -who offered to take the whole of its output for the coming year at four -and a half one cents at the mill but the proposition flattering as it -was, was turned down as the firm would not under any circumstances -break faith with Canadian customers. Some sixty per cent. of the large -newspapers whose contracts are now being carried until the end of the -year and will have to be renewed are on the anxious seat. - -A special meeting of the Canadian Press Association was held in -Toronto last week at which there was a large attendance. The situation -was thoroughly gone into. The statement was made that the output in -Canada is now some eighteen hundred tons a day, yet only one sixth is -consumed in the Dominion, the bulk of the product being exported to -the United States. A deputation was sent to Ottawa to interview the -Minister of Finance, Sir Thomas White. There representatives of the -pulp and paper interest were also assembled and the whole situation -was gone thoroughly into. The result was that an offer was made by the -news print makers of three cents, f.o.b. mill. This applies to large -contracts and on smaller the figures may be higher. It was pointed -out by the paper manufacturers, that everything entering into the -production of news print has gone up from 25 to four hundred per cent. -and that labor has advanced about twenty-five per cent. - -The upshot of the whole matter is that the newspaper publishers and -the mill operators have appointed such committees which who will go -exhaustively into the problem. A joint meeting will be held at an early -date before R. W. Breadner, who is the tariff expert for the Dominion -and the question of supply, cost and future outlook will be canvassed -thoroughly. This meeting will be held in Ottawa and if an amicable -arrangement cannot be reached, the federal authorities may fix the -selling price. - -One interesting statement was made at the conference and that was -if the fifty to sixty per cent. increase went into effect on new -contracts, it would mean an annual extra cost to Canadian newspapers -of about two million dollars. One peculiar feature is that while -publishers are talking of increased cost of producing papers the -weekly newspaper men are the only ones who have so far raised their -subscription rates. The increase is from one dollar to one dollar and -half a year. A few dailies that have been selling at three dollars in -the smaller cities have jumped their subscription price to four dollars -but the larger dailies still continued to be delivered at the old price -and the wonder is why the proprietors do not raise the figure for same. - -In the book and writing line prices are stiff and are now fully fifty -per cent. higher than they were a year ago. The producers think there -will be no further raise for some months and in view of abnormal -conditions generally the users of these kinds of papers appear to be -satisfied that the mills are not asking too much. Tissue plants are -running away behind in orders and have business enough on hand to keep -them going for the next four months even if no more orders were placed -with them. The jobbers report that business is good and the demand for -all lines of paper keeps up well. There has been an advance on “B” -manilla but other lines of wrappings and kraft remain unchanged. - -Ground wood pulp is in strong requisition and many inquiries for the -commodity can not be bought filled. The price now quoted at the mill is -from twenty-eight dollars up and some deliveries in Wisconsin and other -states have brought as high as thirty-five dollars. Easy bleaching -sulphite is now sold at one hundred and twenty dollars at the mill and -some large business has been placed at this figure. Sulphate pulp -is quoted at one hundred and twenty dollars at the mill and is going -higher all the time. Very little is being offered. - -In the rag and paper stock market manilla, krafts, whites and mixed -papers are all in strong demand and there is a good business being -done. The market for cotton and roofing rags is rather quiet. The -outlook for fall trade at firm prices is most promising. - -There has been an increase of a cent a pound on all natural, bleached -and half bleached grease proof. Genuine vegetable parchment is now -quoted from twenty to twenty-five cents. It is likely that the latter -will be made in Ontario before very long. Since the war broke out and -certain mills turned their attention to making specialties and former -brands of paper that have been imported, the manufacturers of these -are not sorry that they took the step. Their goods now have achieved a -fixed place in the favor of customers. - -Board of all kinds has taken a jump of about fifteen per cent. and -the mills are a way behind in their orders. The following prices will -prevail until the end of the year and are based on the minimum quantity -of car load lots--grey folding pulp board $100; folding pulp $90; pulp -non bending $80; pulp non bending lined on side $90; filled board plain -$80; filled board lined one side $85; filled board (chip mills) $78; -jute, chip, straw and straw chip $70; same lined one side $75. - -The following are the Toronto prices: - - -Paper. - - News (rolls) $3.00 up, at mill, in carload lots. - News (sheets), $3.25 and higher for small lots, at mill, - in carload lots. - Book papers (carload), No. 3, $7.00. - Book papers (ton lots), No. 3, 7.00c to 8.00c. - Book papers (carload), No. 2, 8.50c to 9.00c. - Book papers (ton lots), No. 2, 8.75c to 9.50c. - Book papers (carload), No. 1, 9.00c to 9.75c. - Book papers (ton lots), No. 1, 9.25c to 10.00c. - Sulphite bonds, 11 cents up. - Writings, 9 cents up. - - Grey Browns $3.75 to $4.25 - Fibre $6.50 to $7.50 - Manila, No. 1 $7.00 to $8.00 - Manila, B. $5.00 to $6.00 - Unglazed Kraft $8.50 to $9.50 - Glazed Kraft $9.00 to 10.00 - Tissues, bleached $1.60 to $2.30 - Tissues, (manila or white sulphite) $1.20 to $1.60 - Tissues, cap. 80c to $1.15 - Natural, greaseproof 13c to 18c - Half Bleached Greaseproof 15c to 19c - Bleached greaseproof 17c to 21c - Genuine Vegetable Parchment 22c to 25c - Drug papers, whites and tints 9c to 12c - Paper bags, Manila 30% discount. - Paper bags, kraft 15% discount. - Confectionery bags 15% discount. - - -Pulp. - - F.O.B. Mill. - Ground woodpulp $31.00 to $32.00 - Easy Bleaching Sulphite 6c - Sulphite, news grade 5c to 5½c - Sulphite (bleached) 8c to 8½c - Sulphate 6c - - -Paper Stock - - No. 1 hard shavings $4.00 - No. 1 soft white shavings $3.50 - No. 1 mixed shavings 80c - White blanks $1.35 - Heavy ledger stock $2.35 - No. 1 book stock $1.57½ - No. 1 Manila envelope cuttings $2.20 - No. 1 print Manilas $1.25 - Folded news 77½ - Over issues 77½ - No. 1 clean mixed paper 65c - Old white cotton $4.65 - Thirds and blue $2.75 - No. 1 white shirt cuttings $7.25 - Black overall cuttings $2.75 - New light flannelettes $5.50 - Ordinary satinets and flock $2.00 - Tailor Rags $1.90 - - -MONTREAL MARKETS. - - -Book--News--Writing and Posters. - - Roll News, $3.00 for carloads proportionate increase on small - lots. - - Sheet News, $3.25 carloads, $3.50 up small lots. - - No. 1 Book, 7.50 to 8.25. - - No. 2 Book S.C., 6.50 in large quantities; 7.25 in small - quantities. - - No. 3 Book F.M., 6.00 in large quantities; 6.75 in small - quantities. - - Writings, 6.95 to 10. - - Writing Manila, 6.95. - - Cover papers, 11 to 14½c, according to colors wanted. - - Colored Poster, 6½ to 7½c. - -An extra charge of 10c per 100 lbs. will be made when Book Papers are -packed in frames, and 15c per 100 lbs. when packed in cases. - - -Wrapping Papers. - -The following are the new prices on wrappings, effective immediately: - - Car 1-ton Small - lots. lots. lots. - Beaver, Brown wrap 100 lbs. 4.00 4.25 4.60 - No. 2 Manila (present stock) 100 lbs. 4.00 4.25 4.60 - Samson B., 100 lbs. 5.25 5.60 6.00 - No. Manila, Invincible Fibre, 100 lbs. 5.50 5.85 6.25 - Fibre lighter than basis 24×36--40, down to 24×36--30, 5 per - cent. extra. This is in addition to the usual extra. - White Wray, Cleaver, 100 lb. 3.40 3.65 3.90 - - - - -DYES AND EYE FATIGUE. - - -The shortage of dyestuffs since the war has led to newsprint and some -other papers being made of “natural” darker shade of color, and the -Madison laboratory has been investigating the question of whether -this darker color produces any additional eye strain or eye fatigue. -The investigations show that it does not. This is in line with the -generally-held opinion previously that eye fatigue would be even less -where paper was not brilliantly white, on account of the lessened -contrast between the ink and paper. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pulp and Paper Magazine, Vol. XIII, -No. 20, October 15, 1916, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PULP AND PAPER MAGAZINE, OCT 15, 1916 *** - -***** This file should be named 52931-0.txt or 52931-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/2/9/3/52931/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Pulp and Paper Magazine, Vol. XIII, No. 20, October 15, 1916 - A Semi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Science and Practice - of the Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Industry with an - Up-to-date Review of Conditions in the Allied Trades. - -Author: Various - -Release Date: August 29, 2016 [EBook #52931] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PULP AND PAPER MAGAZINE, OCT 15, 1916 *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p class="transnote">Transcriber’s Note: Obvious printer errors have been corrected but general -stylistic inconsistencies have been left as is (save for standardising on “per cent.”). -Asterisks are as they appeared in the original: possibly -denoting items to check before printing.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span></p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<h1>Pulp and Paper Magazine</h1> - -<p class="center">A Semi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Science and Practice of the Pulp and Paper Manufacturing -Industry with an Up-to-date Review of Conditions in the Allied Trades.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Official Journal of the Technical Section of -the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association</i></p> - -<p class="center">Published by The Industrial and Educational Press, Limited</p> - -<table summary="offices"> - <tr> - <td>35-45 St. Alexander Street Montreal.</td><td>Phone Main 2662.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toronto Office, 263-265 Adelaide St., W.</td><td>Phone Main 6764.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdc" colspan="2">New York Office, 206 Broadway.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center">Published on the 1st and 15th of each month. Changes in advertisements should be in Publishers’ hands ten -days before date of issue. The editor cordially invites readers to submit articles of practical interest which, on publication, -will be paid for.</p> - -<p class="center">SUBSCRIPTION to any address in Canada and Great Britain, $2.00—United States $2.50—Foreign $3.50.</p> - -<p class="center">Single Copies 20c.</p> - -<div class="border"> - -<p>VOL. XIII.</p> - -<p class="center move-up">MONTREAL, OCTOBER 15, 1916</p> - -<p class="right move-up">No. 20</p> - -</div> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>PULP AND PAPER MAGAZINE TO BE A WEEKLY</h2> - -<p>Arrangements have now been completed for the turning -of the Pulp and Paper Magazine into a weekly -publication, this forward step to be made on the first -of January, 1917.</p> - -<p>Four years ago the present publishers of the Pulp -and Paper Magazine purchased that Journal from the -Bigger & Wilson Company. It was then a small sized -paper, published once a month. The first step taken -by the new publishers was to enlarge its size to the -present dimensions and publish it twice a month. Now -a second forward step has been taken and the publication -will shortly appear as a weekly.</p> - -<p>No better evidence of the prosperity and progress -made by the pulp and paper industry can be given -than that furnished by the Pulp and Paper Magazine. -It has grown in size, in circulation, in influence, and -in usefulness, and today is the official organ of the -technical section of the Pulp and Paper Association, -and occupies a commanding place among the Pulp -and Paper Publications on the Continent. Under the -leadership of the Pulp and Paper Magazine the Canadian -Pulp and Paper Association was formed, the -Forest Products Laboratory at McGill University -created, and the Technical Section of the Pulp and -Paper Association made a possibility.</p> - -<p>Much of the success which has come to the Pulp -and Paper Magazine must be attributed to the two -editors who have given it their best services, namely -Mr. A. G. McIntyre and Mr. Roy Campbell. As editors -of the Pulp and Paper Magazine, they both have done -much to further the best interests of the industry, and -those associated with it.</p> - -<p>Arrangements have been completed whereby Professor -J. Newell Stephenson, now head of the Forestry -Department of the University of Maine at Orono, will -take over the editorship of the Pulp and Paper Magazine -when it launches on its career as a weekly. Some -facts regarding the new editor appear elsewhere in -this issue.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>THE PRICE OF PAPER.</h2> - -<p>A somewhat serious crisis has arisen here in the relationship -between the newspaper publishers and the -news print manufacturers. A few days ago a meeting -of the Canadian Press Association was held in Toronto -at which the whole paper question was thoroughly discussed -and a representative committee delegated to -visit Ottawa and register before the Minister of Finance -their protests in regard to the shortage of paper -in Canada, and the mounting prices of the same. In -Ottawa they were met by representatives of the Pulp -and Paper Association, and the whole situation was -carefully considered before the Minister and also by -the two organizations as separate bodies.</p> - -<p>The newspaper men complained that they were unable -to secure new contracts for any length of time, -and that the prices asked for the supplying of white -paper were prohibitive and if paid would mean the -collapse of many newspapers. They urged upon the -Government that an inquiry should be instituted into -the cost of manufacturing news print in Canada and, -following that, such steps be taken by the Government -as it should find necessary to safeguard the supply -of news print for Canadian publishers. The publishers -suggested to the Government that either an -embargo or export duty be placed on white paper or -that the Government fix a maximum price above -which manufacturers would not be allowed to charge -Canadian publishers.</p> - -<p>In refutation of the publishers’ statements, the news -print manufacturers pointed out that the attack on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span> -part of the publishers had come without warning and -that they had not consulted or tried to negotiate with -the news print manufacturers. They further pointed -out that the cost of everything entering into the manufacture -of paper had advanced in price, that old trade -channels had been upset, and that there was a great -deal of uncertainty regarding the future cost of paper -making materials. The manufacturers agreed to call -a meeting of all their members and thoroughly discuss -the matter and later meet the publishers in a last effort -to arrive at a satisfactory solution. It is understood -that the manufacturers are asking an increase of from -25% to 33% over the figures now prevailing, and if -the publishers do not see their way clear to accept -these terms the manufacturers will then ask for a Government -inquiry into the cost of paper making, feeling -satisfied that such an investigation would vindicate -them in the stand they have taken.</p> - -<p>There is no doubt but that manufacturers of news -print are being unjustly blamed for a condition of -affairs over which they have no control. They are -not arbitrarily increasing the price of white paper. -Everything entering into the manufacture of news -print has advanced in price; labor is scarce and commands -higher wages; dye stuffs have advanced to almost -unheard of prices; in copper wire paper men are -competing against munition makers while a similar -story can be told in regard to every ingredient entering -in their finished product. In addition to that a -sudden and unprecedented demand resulting from improvement -in business and a presidential election in the -United States has made the consumption of paper exceed -production. Further, the war has interfered with -regular channels of trade and has shut-off the whole -of continental Europe from the markets of the world -with the result that publishers who formerly depended -on Europe have turned to Canada and the United -States in an effort to have their needs supplied.</p> - -<p>The situation is undoubtedly embarrassing and may -possibly work hardships to some publishers, but the -whole of the world’s business fabric is confronted with -extraordinary conditions. It is as unreasonable to -blame the manufacturers of news print for the advance -in the cost of white paper, as it would be to blame the -bridge builder or the man who erects skyscrapers for -advancing the price of steel. In the last analysis it is -the war which is to blame. The advance in the cost of -news print is not an arbitrary procedure, but rather -the result of world conditions over which the paper -makers have no control.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>THE GATHERING IN NEW YORK.</h2> - -<p>The over-worked words, co-operation and service, -best describe the spirit of the recent gathering held in -New York, under the auspices of the American Chemical -Society. The affiliated organizations such as the -technical section of the Pulp and Paper Association -met at the same time, and their deliberations were permeated -with the same spirit as characterized the chemical -organization.</p> - -<p>Hundreds of the best chemical men on the continent, -technical experts from pulp and paper mills, college -men from all the great universities, and others interested -in the spread of technical and chemical knowledge, -gathered in New York and gave their best. Men who -had experimented for years in the quiet of their own -laboratories, made public the results of their patient -research work. Technical experts and college men -vied with practical mill men in revealing the things -which they had found to be of benefit in the working -out of the manufacturing problems of the day. There -were no secrets, the cards were laid on the table, and -men who found a certain line of work, or policy, or -experiments beneficial, frankly and freely made public -the result of their findings.</p> - -<p>The chemists felt that it was “up to them” to make -this continent independent of Germany in chemical research. -The result of their two years of effort were -simply beyond belief; even the chemists themselves -were surprised at the wonderful progress that had been -made in supplying dye-stuffs and other chemicals that -were formerly obtained from Germany. If the war -should continue another year, this continent will be -practically independent of the foreign dye-maker.</p> - -<p>In much the same way, satisfactory progress was -made in connection with the technical work of the Pulp -and Paper Association. The papers read, the discussions -carried on, and the conclusions reached, marked -further progress in the work of the Association, and -made it more than ever apparent that the technical man -is an increasingly important factor in the modern paper -mill. A number of the papers read at the gathering -appear in this issue of the Pulp and Paper Magazine.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>PRODUCTION AND SHIPMENTS.</h2> - -<p>The last weekly letter on production and shipment -was sent out by the News-Print Manufacturers Association -on October 7th.</p> - -<p>The report from the Western Territory for the week -ending October 7th shows production equivalent to -107.1%, and shipments equivalent to 103.8% of maximum -production capacity.</p> - -<p>The report from the Canadian Territory for the same -week shows production equivalent to 100.1%, and shipments -equivalent to 97.2% of maximum productive capacity.</p> - -<p>A number of the mills have been running on other -grades of papers, and in the case of one large Canadian -mill, low water has caused low production.</p> - -<p>There has been an increase in inventory during the -week in question of 476 cents. It will, of course, be understood -that this increase is not surprising, as it is -impossible to maintain inventories at the same low figures -reported last week.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span></p> - -<h2>New Editor of Pulp and Paper Magazine</h2> - -<p>Professor J. Newell Stephenson, who is to assume -the editorship of The Pulp and Paper Magazine on the -first of January, 1917, when it changes from a bi-monthly -to a weekly publication, is at present head of -the paper making department in the University of -Maine, Orono, and assistant professor of chemistry -in the same university. Like so many paper-makers -from south of the Line, Mr. Stephenson realizes that -the future of the industry lies north of the 49th parallel, -and in casting in his lot with the Pulp and Paper -Magazine, he is but following a natural development.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 375px;"> -<img src="images/stephensen.jpg" width="375" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">PROF. J. NEWELL STEPHENSEN,</p> -<p class="caption">New Editor Pulp and Paper Magazine.</p> -</div> - -<p>The new editor was born at New Rochelle, N.Y., -and educated in the schools of that city and Great -Barrington, Mass. After graduating from the high -school, he was employed as foreman in the -Stanley Instrument Company’s Watt Meter Factory. -Later an opportunity to learn paper-making -presented itself and was taken advantage of by the -subject of this sketch. Encouraged by his employers, -the B. D. Rising Paper Company, Mr. Stephenson decided -to go to college, and in 1905 entered the Massachusetts -Institute of Technology from which he graduated -four years later as a Chemical Engineer. The -year following graduation was spent at Lawrenceville, -N.Y., as a teacher of drawing, then came a post in the -Chemical Engineering Department of the Rose Polytechnical -Institute of Terre Haute, Indiana. Three -years later the University of Maine established a Pulp -and Paper Course, and Mr. Stephenson was given -charge of the Paper-Making Department. Two years -ago he was made assistant professor of chemistry. -While he has never been in actual journalism, Mr. -Stephenson was associate editor to his college paper, -and has done considerable writing for the various paper -trade journals in Canada and the United States, as a -matter of fact, the work he did in this connection, led -to his appointment as chairman on the Committee on -Abstracts of the Technical Committee of the American -Pulp and Paper Association.</p> - -<p>Mr. Stephenson takes up his duties on January -first.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>TECHNICAL SECTION MEETING NOVEMBER 24th.</h2> - -<p>The Annual Meeting of the Technical Section of the -Canadian Pulp and Paper Association will be held in -Montreal on Friday, November 24th.</p> - -<p>Arrangements are being made for a most interesting -meeting. The business to be considered is very important, -and there will be in addition a programme -of papers by experts which should be unusually instructive -and also should evoke good discussion. Dr. -J. S. Bates, Chairman of the Section has received assurance -from Mr. Ellwood Wilson, Forester to the -Laurentide Company, of his being able to attend and -present a paper on “Forestry in Connection with Pulp -Mill Operation.” Mr. O. F. Bryant of the Forest Products -Laboratories will discuss “Pulp Wood Measurements.” -Three other papers are expected concerning -which announcement will be made in the next issue of -Pulp and Paper Magazine.</p> - -<p>The original intention was to hold a two day meeting -but the members of the Council feel that the extreme -activity of pulp and paper mills at the present -time precludes the absence of technical men from the -mills for longer than one day.</p> - -<p>With the papers forthcoming it is expected that this -will be one of the very best of the Section meetings. -Technical men are strongly urged to make preparations -now to be in Montreal for the occasion.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>CHEMICAL EXPOSITION.</h2> - -<p>That the Third National Exposition of Chemical Industries -will be a great success is already assured. An -additional third floor has already been engaged, and -plans are being made to use the fourth floor. In addition -it is hoped to have large sections showing the resources -of the country awaiting development.</p> - -<p>Two prizes have been offered to the students of Cooper -Union Art Schools to draw up a poster seal for the -next exposition. The designs for this purpose will be -finished January 1st next year, and prizes awarded -February 1st. All designs submitted and which the -Jury consider fit, will be exhibited during the next -exposition.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>Among those interested in the pulp and paper lines, -who joined the Entente delegation from Ontario in -visiting Montreal, Three Rivers and Quebec were W. -P. Gundy, managing director of W. J. Gage and Co., -and S. J. Moore, President of the F. N. Burt Co., Toronto.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span></p> - -<h2>SOME CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL REACTIONS -OF ROSIN SIZE SOLUTIONS</h2> - -<p class="center">Paper read by J. A. DeCEW at the meeting of the -American Chemical Society.</p> - -<p>It is quite to be expected that in any class of chemical -reactions which occur under such varying conditions -as those existing during the precipitation of rosin -size in paper mill practice, there will be among the -various investigators a certain amount of disagreement -regarding the theoretical explanation of what -actually takes place. There is also some confusion resulting -from the termology which is commonly used in -describing sodium resinate compounds existing in rosin -size, as for example, in the use of the phrase “free -rosin”. The purpose of the following remarks is not -to recapitulate the work of other investigators, nor to -criticize their conclusions, but to submit a short discussion -of the effect upon the chemical reactions involved, -of the various physical conditions in which the -material may be used.</p> - -<p>It is a well known fact that a rosin soap will easily -dissolve an equivalent amount of rosin to that which -has been saponified, and this extra rosin, whether in -solution in the size wax, or whether in suspension in a -diluted solution, is still called “free rosin” in the termology -of the trade. In order, however, to distinguish -between the various states in which the rosin might -exist, it should be divided into three classes, consisting -first, of dissolved rosin, second, colloidal rosin, -and third, rosin in suspension. The reason for this is -that before the rosin soap can be used in the art of -paper making it must first be brought into dilute -aqueous solution.</p> - -<p>If the soap should be readily soluble, then dilution -may take place in cold water and consequently the -diluting can be carried out within the beater itself. -On the other hand, if the rosin soap is not readily soluble -in cold water, owing to the fact that it contains -a considerable quantity of dissolved rosin, it is necessary -to bring it into a sufficiently dilute condition so -that no further material separation of rosin will take -place when it comes in contact with the paper stock. -Obviously the difficulty of carrying out this operation -increases in proportion with the amount of extra rosin -which is held in solution in the rosin soap.</p> - -<p>Authorities disagree as to whether abietic acid is -mono-basic or dibasic and it cannot be stated definitely -whether rosin which is in complete solution in -a rosin soap is there in the form of an acid resinate, -or whether it is merely dissolved rosin. It seems to -the writer that a fairly intelligible conception is obtained -by assuming that a sodium resinate containing -rosin in solution, is in fact an acid resinate of the -alkali metal and that from this solution insoluble acid -resinates of the heavy metals can be produced.</p> - -<p>Some interesting data on this subject is recorded -by E. O. Ellingson in a paper before the American -Chemical Society, 1914, the subject being “Abietic acid -and some of its salts.” In this investigation he shows -clearly that certain insoluble acid abietates were formed -when a dilute aqueous solution of sodium abietate -was added in small proportions to a dilute solution of -a metallic salt.</p> - -<p>The salts of Chromium, Manganese, Nickel, Iron, -Cadmium, Cobalt, Strontium, Copper, all gave precipitates -carrying an excess of abietic acid. The one -exception was the Salt of Aluminum, which under exactly -the same conditions produced a basic aluminum -abietate. From this it is proven that a neutral sodium -resinate solution when poured into a dilute solution -of sulphate of alumina, will always produce a precipitate -of basic aluminum resinate.</p> - -<p>On the other hand, the investigations of Naugebauer, -republished in Paper XI., 10-17, shows that a neutral -resinate when precipitated with a considerable excess -of sulphate of alumina, will produce an acid precipitate -containing approximately 33 per cent. of rosin -excess, and with the maximum amount of alum the -rosin acid in the precipitate does not exceed 41 per -cent.</p> - -<p>If we can accept the results of this investigator then -it is evident that insoluble acid resinates containing a -limited amount of rosin acids can be produced from a -neutral sodium resinate by precipitation with even an -aluminum salt.</p> - -<p>The results produced with sulphate of aluminum -therefore, will depend largely upon the mass action of -the materials, chemical equilibrium being established -in accordance with the relative amount and acidity of -the alum used. In short, if 100 grs. of rosin in the form -of a neutral resinate is precipitated with approximately -33 grs. of alum, we will have as a result, a basic alum -resinate. If, on the other hand, it is precipitated with -330 grs. of alum, we would have an acid resinate of -alumina containing approximately 40 per cent. of rosin -acid. With less alum excess the amount of rosin acid -in the precipitate will be proportionately less.</p> - -<p>If the basic aluminum resinates were a satisfactory -water repellant then the problem of paper sizing would -be a very simple one, and all that would be necessary -in practice would be to use the size and alum in proper -chemical equivalents. All experience shows however, -that when using a neutral resinate for sizing, it is -necessary to use a large alum excess in order to obtain -a sufficiently water repellant condition in the -paper. The inference is that the insoluble acid resinates -are essentially the agents which impart to the paper -that resistance to aqueous penetration called “Sizing.”</p> - -<p>Remington and his associates claim that resinate -of alumina only, is formed when a neutral sodium -resinate is precipitated with alum, even if the alum -is used in excess, but that it is decomposed by extraction -with alcohol and that this fact leads others to -believe that a portion of the rosin is uncombined. -These investigators publish the result of 50 tests for -sizing paper, from which they draw their conclusions, -but it would seem that their methods of making the -tests were quite inefficient, inasmuch as they used -not less than 5 per cent. of rosin, and as high as 12 -per cent. without always getting sizing results. Now, -in mill practice, a very poor size should give results -with 3 per cent. of rosin, while an efficient size should -produce a very hard-sized paper with an equivalent -amount. It would seem unwise to form any fixed -conclusion from tests which gave such unsatisfactory -results.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span></p> - -<p>Other investigators such as, Emil Meuser and Naugebauer, -(Paper, June 25th, 1913), and also Otto Kress -& Struthers (Paper April 16th, 1913), have demonstrated -by exhaustive tests that rosin acids are liberated -from a neutral resinate when alum is used in excess -and that the amount of these rosin acids may be -from 33 per cent. to 41 per cent. of the total rosin, depending -upon the alum excess used.</p> - -<p>If an acid resinate of alumina containing 40 parts -of rosin acids, can be produced from 100 parts of neutral -resinate of soda and 330 parts of sulphate of -alumina, then 20 parts of alum will be required to -produce the same results from an acid resinate of soda, -containing 40 per cent. of rosin acids, or with 200 -parts of alum one can produce from this an aluminum -resinate with 64 per cent. of rosin acid.</p> - -<p>These highly acid resinates are found to be very -colloidal in character and have great capacity for distribution -within the paper pulp. They also show considerable -resistance to dehydration and are thus able -to retain their plastic character while the paper is being -dried. Such are the properties that these highly acid -resinates seem to possess in addition to their water repellant -characteristics.</p> - -<p>It has been demonstrated in paper mill tests that the -rosin acids alone are thrown out of solution from a -rosin soap by means of acid, can also produce sizing results -providing that the rosin acids precipitated have -a similar colloidal character to the aluminum precipitate. -The practical difficulty, however, of obtaining -colloidal precipitates when using acid, makes this -practice a very uncertain one, for it would be only under -very favorable circumstances that this practice -could be carried out with success. The same difficulty -is experienced when other metallic salts, (e.g.,) the -salts of iron or calcium, are used to replace the aluminum -sulphate, for the precipitates from these are -much more dense and granular than those derived from -aluminum.</p> - -<p>It would seem therefore that the real necessity for -the use of sulphate of alumina for precipitating -the rosin is not so much the necessity for forming acid -aluminum resinates, but the fact that the rosin precipitated -in this way has a more colloidal character, than -that thrown out of solution by other coagulants, and -consequently will have greater covering power and -efficiency as a water repellant. This explanation is -opposed to the theory that rosin acids in the form of -emulsion or suspensions are efficient sizing agents, -for it is obvious that visible floating rosin has lost its -colloidal character and its covering power.</p> - -<p>The fact is that the so called free rosin emulsions, -when properly made, contain but a very small amount -of rosin acid in the emulsified form, practically all of -it remaining in solution in the dilute soap. The art -of preparing good rosin size emulsions (using the -term as generally understood) is therefore the ability -to dilute a solution of rosin acids, without the actual -liberation of rosin in the emulsified form. The difficulty -in doing this will explain the erratic results -obtained by Remington and other investigators when -endeavoring to determine the effect of rosin size containing -dissolved rosin.</p> - -<p>The laboratory difficulties involved are shown by -an article by Otto Kress and R. T. Struthers, published -in Paper, April 1913. Their results show that from a -rosin saponified with 15% of sodium carbonate, over -98% was obtained by them in hot dilute aqueous solution, -and that from a rosin saponified with 10% of -sodium carbonate, only 50.6% was brought into actual -solution in hot water. It is quite possible however, to -dilute such a rosin soap holding in solution about 45% -of rosin acids, to an aqueous solution of 2% solids, -without having any of the rosin become insoluble. In -this condition all of the rosin acids can enter into chemical -reactions with other solutions and will precipitate -from solution in a very bulky colloidal mass.</p> - -<p>Between the extremes of physical condition just described, -there are a great number of intermediate -stages. The rosin acids may be partly liberated by dilution -in the form of small visible floating particles -and coarse granular masses and a part may be in a -state of colloidal solution. It is safe to say that all -rosin particles which are sufficiently coarse to be -classed as suspensions, have lost the greater part of -their sizing value. That portion of the rosin acids -which is in colloidal solution is still effective for sizing -purposes because it has the property of becoming -fixed upon the fibres by absorption. This action can -only take place, however, when the paper stock is -free from such electrolytes as may discharge the -colloid before it reaches the fibre. Dilute acid resinate -solutions may contain variable proportions of dissolved -acid resinates, colloidal rosin, and rosin suspensions, -and the relative proportion of these is what determines -the basis of its waterproofing possibilities. -Assuming that the sizing value of these solutions -varies directly with the amount of rosin acids that are -in true and colloidal solution, we have a measure of -efficiency which checks very closely with actual mill -results.</p> - -<p>The maximum amount of rosin acids that can be held -in stable solution in a diluted rosin soap of from 1% to -2%, total solids, is about 50% of the total rosin content. -In such a solution there is always a slight tendency towards -hydrolysis which increases with the amount of -dilution, but the fact that these solutions when once -prepared can be then boiled without decomposition, -shows that the solutions are fairly well stabilized and -also that there can be very little rosin then present in -the colloidal form.</p> - -<p>The conclusions which it is desired to submit as -offering a satisfactory explanation of practically all -the phenomena in connection with sizing paper with -rosin is as follows:—</p> - -<p>(1). That the rosin acids which are precipitated -from dilute solution by means of a coagulant which -will deposit the rosin in a colloidal mass, is the material -which when properly incorporated into the paper -stock and dried therein, produces the water resistant -characteristic known as sizing.</p> - -<p>(2). That the results obtained from a given quantity -of material are largely dependent upon the character -of the rosin colloid and its treatment during the -process of manufacturing the paper.</p> - -<p>(3). This product can be obtained in limited quantity -from a neutral resinate, by the use of large excess -of alum, or it may be obtained in large proportions -from an acid resinate and a relatively less excess of -alum. The maximum obtained from a neutral resinate -being about 40% of the total rosin, and from an acid -resinate about 70% of the total rosin, when a sulphate -of alumina containing no free acid is used.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span></p> - -<h2>American Newspaper Publishers’ -Association Committee on Paper.</h2> - -<p>Mr. A. G. McIntyre, of Toronto, has been appointed -Manager of the Committee on Paper of the American -Newspaper Publishers’ Association.</p> - -<p>His varied experience in paper and associated lines -well qualifies him to handle the paper situation at the -present critical time.</p> - -<p>Mr. McIntyre has been both Engineer and Manager -of some of the most successful paper companies in Canada, -during which time he has designed and built a -number of mills, together with having managed and -operated same as well.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 375px;"> -<img src="images/mcintyre.jpg" width="375" height="500" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">A. G. McINTYRE.</p> -</div> - -<p>He has been associated with the following companies:</p> - -<p>Jonquiere Pulp Company.</p> - -<p>Price Bros. & Company, Limited.</p> - -<p>Bathurst Lumber Company, Limited.</p> - -<p>Mattagami Pulp and Paper Company, Limited.</p> - -<p>He also became Editor of the Pulp and Paper Magazine, -when this magazine was purchased by the present -owners, the Industrial & Educational Press, and -acted in this capacity for a year after its re-organization.</p> - -<p>He was also Superintendent and Organizer of the -Forests Products Laboratories of Canada, under the -Dominion Government, located in Montreal, where a -large technical staff are engaged in working on -paper making problems.</p> - -<p>Mr. McIntyre was also Organizer and first Secretary-Treasurer -of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, -and leaves the position of General Manager of the -Mattagami Pulp and Paper Company, Limited, Toronto, -to take up this work.</p> - -<p>His experience has been a unique combination of -paper mill engineering, paper mill executive, publishing, -Government expert work and association work.</p> - -<p>The office of the Committee on Paper will be located -in the World Building, New York City.</p> - -<p>Mr. McIntyre has made the following statement, in -connection with taking up this work:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>“I have accepted this work of the Paper Committee, -with the idea that something can be done -to alleviate the present serious condition for the -consumers of newsprint paper.</p> - -<p>“Everyone knows there is a serious shortage in -production over the demand; at the same time, -much can be done by both manufacturers and -consumers to adjust their business to the present -conditions.</p> - -<p>“Consumers must practise rigid economies, making -all papers non-returnable; eliminating press -room wastes and all avoidable consumption of -paper. If this does not bring the consumption -within the production, sufficient new mills must -be constructed to take care of the normal consumption -with the normal increase, as there is -only very little new tonnage proposed, which will -come on the market by 1918.</p> - -<p>“Manufacturers must turn aside from export -business, taking care of old and permanent customers; -should run mills at the fullest possible -capacity, and at a reasonable margin of profit.</p> - -<p>“It has been distinctly understood with me before -taking up this work, that the basis of relief -will be mutual understanding and information between -manufacturer and consumer, with sufficient -increased tonnage provided, either by the present -manufacturers, or by a few of the consumers, to -protect the members of the American Newspaper -Publishers’ Association in their supply of print -paper.”</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>MARKET VALUES OF PAPER STOCKS.</h2> - -<p>The present unprecedented situation in the paper industry -has fomented considerable speculative enthusiasm -in Canadian paper and pulp stocks. Trading -in these issues on the Montreal and Toronto stock exchanges -has increased very materially, and prices are -way up from the low of the year. Canada produces -half as much newsprint as the United States, and she -is increasing her capacity at a much faster rate than -American mills.</p> - -<p>The following table shows the extent of the advance -this year in a number of prominent pulp and paper -stocks listed on the Montreal and Toronto exchanges:</p> - -<table summary="Stock gains"> - <tr> - <th></th><th>Present price</th><th>Low 1916</th><th>Advance</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Laurentide Paper</td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">198</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">176</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">22</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Wayagamack</td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">74</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">27</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">47</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Riordon Pulp & Paper</td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">99</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">58</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">41</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Price Brothers</td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">95</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">60</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">35</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Spanish River com.</td><td class="tdr">15½</td><td class="tdr">3½</td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">12</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Spanish pfd.</td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">44</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">29</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">15</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toronto Paper</td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">55</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">42</span></td><td class="tdr"><span class="fract">13</span></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>The Conservation Commission calls the attention of -Canada to experiments showing that jack pine is well -suited for making kraft paper. It will grow on poor -land and is largely used in the West for fuel.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span></p> - -<h2>Why Paper is Dearer</h2> - -<p>In a letter to the members of the News-Print Manufacturers -Association Mr. G. F. Steele ably refutes the -charge that the recent advance in the price of paper -were arbitrary measures.</p> - -<p>The writer was unavoidably absent from New York -when the monthly report of production and shipments -for the month of August was sent out from this office -on September 19th.</p> - -<p>You have doubtless observed the decreased production -in August as compared with the month of July. -This was largely caused by the difficulties encountered -by one of the large Canadian mills by a terrible forest -fire, which decreased operations for several weeks. It will -doubtless occur, however, to every one of our members -that due to the terrific pressure which has been placed -on the operation of the mills during the past eight -months, that it is a great wonder that production keeps -up to the present high point. Machines are running at -a much greater speed then they were ever expected to -run, and ordinary shut downs for repairs and replacements -have not been made this summer. It is usually -the custom for most news-print mills to shut down at -the end of the summer before freezing weather occurs, -to run their screening and tailings into wrappers. I do -not know of a single mill which has indulged in this -desirable practice this year, and in order to get a supply -of wrappers for the coming six months it may be -necessary for some mills to stop making news-print -paper temporarily and run out their wrapper stock.</p> - -<p>During the months of June, July and August in normal -years production drops down materially, and stocks -are accumulated for the great Fall demand. During -the months of June, July and August of this year, instead -of accumulating increased stocks, you doubtless -have observed from the statement submitted to you -that total stocks at hand at all points, including stocks -on hand at mills, in transit, and at destination points, -decreased 7,316 tons or 10.6 per cent.. It was thought -by those who are best posted in the industry that stocks -were at danger point on June 1st, and that unless -these stocks could be replenished there would be grave -danger of the necessity of some papers suspending -publication temporarily because of the inability of the -mills to get paper to them in time for their requirements -during the coming Fall and Winter. During -the three months of June 1st to September 1st, 1915, -storage stocks increased as much as they have declined -this year.</p> - -<p>During the past few weeks the newspapers have -been full of violent outcries, uttered by publishers, regarding -the high price of news-print paper. There -have come to my desk during a period of two weeks -over 1,500 radical and abusive articles, making all -sorts of baseless and unfounded charges against the -manufacture of news-print paper. It is quite evident -that these newspaper publishers are more scared than -hurt up to this time, for owing to the peculiar nature -of this business and the fact that the great bulk of the -business is contracted for the calendar year in the fall -months of the preceding year, it is the belief of those -who are best posted in the industry that on the average -the price of roll news-print paper which is sold on contract -has not advanced up to this time more than 5% -or $2.00 per ton. Many newspapers have taken advantage -of the situation to raise subscription prices -and to raise their advertising rates, when these same -papers are paying no higher price for their supply of -news-print paper than they were paying a year ago.</p> - -<p>So much has been said about the price of news-print -paper, and so little has been said about the rise in price -of other commodities, that I have endeavored to make -up a list gleaned from responsible commercial publications -regarding the rise in other commodities.</p> - -<p>Just as soon as the price of news-print paper advances, -no matter how little, the newspaper publishers -promptly outdo the Prophet Jeremiah with their -lamentations and demand an immediate investigation -on the part of the government. We do not see the same -demand when the prices of other commodities advance.</p> - -<p>The selling price of the raw materials entering into -the manufacture of news-print paper has increased to -a very remarkable extent during the past year. Many -mills now making news-print paper are paying a very -much enhanced price for the cost of raw materials -which they have to purchase. Other mills purchasing -the chemical and ground wood pulps entering into the -manufacture of their products are operating on old -contracts which expire with the calendar year. There -is every indication at the present time that the price -of these two commodities after January 1st, 1917 will -be practically double the price which ruled a year ago, -and perhaps in the case of chemical pulp three or four -times the price which ruled a year ago. The mills -which are forced to make news-print paper from these -high priced raw materials will necessarily have to -charge what would seem like an inordinate price to -operate at a profit.</p> - -<p>Consider, for example, a paper mill which is dependent -on the market for its supply of raw material. Sulphite -pulp, of which news-print paper contains approximately -25%, is now selling around $100.00 at the sulphite -mills and the mill which converts it into news-print -paper will pay $25.00 per ton of paper for this -item. Ground wood, which constitutes 75% of news-print -paper, is selling at $30.00 per ton F.O.B. ground -wood mill, and the converting mill pays $22.50 per ton -of paper for this. As it takes approximately 110 -pounds of pulp to make 100 pounds of paper, this -brings the total cost per ton to $52.25 for the raw materials -alone. Add to this a freight rate of 12c per hundred -pounds for pulp, 40% dry, and the cost per ton of -raw material comes to $58.85. Add to this the manufacturing -costs which, according to the Tariff Board -figures in 1911 amounted to $10.14 in the United -States, and a larger figure in Canada. These costs -have easily increased 50% since 1911, which makes a -total cost of the paper $74.06 per ton.</p> - -<p>The majority of paper mills make one or both grades -of pulp, in which case increased expenditure is dependent -on the increased cost of pulpwood, coal, labor, -machine clothing, repair materials, chemicals, etc., but -the mills dependent on the market for raw materials -have to obtain large prices to operate at a profit.</p> - -<p>In the year 1914, the average price of news-print -paper was approximately $2.00 per hundred pounds -F.O.B. cars at mill. The largest producer of news-print -paper in the world, is now charging for renewal -of contracts $3.00 per hundred pounds F.O.B. mill -or an increase of 50%. Compare this increase with the -increases in the following commodities, taken from -such authorities as:</p> - -<p>R. G. Dun & Co.—“WEEKLY REVIEW”.</p> - -<p>“THE ANNALIST”.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span></p> - -<p>BRADSTREET’S.</p> - -<p>U.S. Market Statistics (As quoted by the “N.Y. SUN”.)</p> - -<p>Monthly Summary of U.S. Commerce.</p> - -<p>Then follows a long list of articles in daily use which -have advanced from 25 to 467 per cent. showing that the -advance in the cost of paper is not an isolated case. -The cost of living index accordingly to the New York -Annalist increased from September 1915 to September -1916 from 135 to 185, an increase of over 37 per cent., -and the market value of securities listed on the New -York Stock Exchange increased from July 30th, 1914 -to September 1916, deducting value of new editions, by -over $3,000,000,000.00, a net increase of 33 per cent.</p> - -<p>According to Bradstreet’s, out of 106 commodities -which their index table embraces, all but 17 advanced -in price between September 1st, 1915 and September 1st, -1916, representing for the entire groups an average increase -of over 16½%. According to Dun’s last review, -out of 328 commodities quoted, 42 showed advances -in price over the previous week, while but 25 -showed decreases.</p> - -<p>There is another matter to be considered. During -1915 there was a decided increase in the price of practically -every commodity, except paper. The Journal -of Commerce quotes from the United States figures as -follows:</p> - -<p>“Wholesale prices of commodities in the United -States averaged considerably higher in 1915 than in -the preceding year, according to Bulletin 200 of the -Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department -of Labor. ***The Bureau’s weighted index -number for December (1915) stood at 105, the highest -point reached in any year since the collection of data -for the present series of reports on Wholesale Prices, -dating back to 1890, was begun.</p> - -<p>“Violent fluctuations were recorded during 1915 in -the prices of all commodities, particularly drugs and -chemicals and metal products. ***In the fuel and -lighting group*** in August the prices again advanced -(after a Spring slump) the increase continuing for the -rest of the year. ***Articles belonging to the food -group were in the aggregate highest in price in December -and lowest in September. The increase between -January and December in this group was nearly -4%.” The paper market, however, remained unchanged.</p> - -<p>In other words, the price of other commodities advanced -rapidly during the year 1915, while the price -of news-print paper was stationary, and at the present -time the advanced selling price of news-print paper -does not compare unfavorably with the high cost of -living as evidenced by practically all other staple commodities.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>COMING TO CANADA.</h2> - -<p>The Bryant Paper Company, of Kalamazoo, is planning -the construction of a pulp mill in Canada, involving -the expenditure of approximately $1,500,000. The -company is now one of the largest book paper manufacturers -in the United States, its daily output being -200 tons. It operates ten machines at present, but has -prepared plans and specifications for the addition of -two more machines, each 154 inches in width.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>Suggestions as to Purchase of Pulp Wood</h2> - -<p>Messrs. C. P. Winslow and R. Thelan of Madison -Wis. gave a very interesting paper on the consumption -of Pulpwood and the best method of purchasing -it. A summary follows:—</p> - -<p>The annual consumption of pulpwood in the United -States amounts to approximately 4,300,000 cords, representing -an expenditure in the neighborhood of $36,000,000 -per year by approximately 250 companies. -From these figures it is apparent that the question of -proper pulpwood specifications is of wide importance.</p> - -<p>While the value of pulpwood is dependent basically -upon the tons of dry pulp that can be produced from -a given number of dry tons of wood, the great quantity -of the wood is bought and sold either on the basis -of an estimated and variable volume of wood in an assumed -space, or on the theoretical quantity or volume -of lumber which can be cut. Thus, with dry weight -as the real and final measure, we find substituted for -it a variable and indefinite volume, and the result in the -long run is fair to neither seller nor purchaser.</p> - -<p>While by far the greater proportion of pulpwood is -purchased as cordwood or by log scale, it must not be -overlooked that the use of sawmill waste is steadily increasing, -and amounts to approximately 7.7 per cent. -of the total. It is manifestly impossible to apply the -log scale to the measurement of such material.</p> - -<p>While it is entirely evident that a completely satisfactory -basis of specification cannot be secured with a -unit of measure based on volume, it is equally apparent -that such unit of measure must continue to be used -very largely for this purpose. It is desirable, therefore, -where perfection cannot be had, to compromise -on the issue, and some suggestions along this line are -as follows:</p> - -<p>1. An enumeration of the basic and fundamental -principles which must underlie any correct system of -specification should show clearly the relation of yield -of pulp to the dry weight of specific gravity of the -wood and the relation and probable variation of this -dry weight in a given volume.</p> - -<p>2. For the conditions where the cord will continue -to be used as the unit of measure, the formulation of -definite specifications to the end that this unit of measure -may come to represent an approximately fixed -volume of solid wood.</p> - -<p>3. A study of the relation of actual cubic contents -of logs of varying sizes to the board foot measure, as -determined by the various log scales used in the purchase -of pulpwood.</p> - -<p>4. A study into all phases of the question of supplying -pulpwood in the form of baled chips as the source -of supply. Such a study should cover such points as -the quantity of chips secured from a ton or a stacked -cord of various forms of mill waste and from a standard -cord, the cost and best methods of chipping, drying -and baling, and finally of methods for determining -the moisture content of the baled chip, which would -presumably be sold on a weight basis.</p> - -<p>5. Attention to methods for limiting, describing -and illustrating such points as “knotty,” “rough,” -“doty,” “fire scarred,” “heart-rot,” “sap-rot,” etc. -All of these defects detract from the value of the material, -but to just what extent is not at present generally -established.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span></p> - -<p>6. Other points, such as standard methods of determining -the dry weight and moisture content of the -wood, or of measurement of wood fiber dimensions, -also require attention.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>Guesses About Pulpwood Supply of Future</h2> - -<p>One of the most interesting papers read at the convention -dealt with the Pulpwood Supply of the Future. -It was by Prof. P. S. Lovejoy of the University of Michigan.</p> - -<p>Mr. Lovejoy pointed out that the amount of cotton -or corn raised in the country each year, the regions of -production and the approximate costs and the sale values -were known, and that with about the same relative -degree of accuracy the principal items of timber -production were known. In the case of pulpwood, -statistics compiled from reports of the mills showed the -consumption by species, by States, the amounts and -kinds imported and how these items compare with past -performances.</p> - -<p>Attention is now being devoted, Mr. Lovejoy said, to -learning where our remaining forests are and what is -in them, but the results are far from satisfactory as -compared with the record of manufacturing. He asserted -that we did not know now, within 25 per cent., what -our stand of saw timber is for the whole community or -for a given region or State. Practically nothing is -known about the existing pulpwood supply, so that -guesses as to the future cannot be accurate, but Mr. -Lovejoy explained that there were many things upon -which such guesses could be based.</p> - -<h3>Competition Between Saw Mill and Pulp Mill.</h3> - -<p>A condition that would have to be met was greater -competition between pulp mill and sawmill, Mr. Lovejoy -said, as the value of lumber was constantly increasing -while the merchantable grades of lumber were declining. -The pulp mill is at a disadvantage in this -respect; that it represents a greater capital than the -sawmill and cannot be moved to a new location.</p> - -<p>On the other hand, Mr. Lovejoy continued, the pulp -mill owner is able to use a poorer grade of material -than the sawmill, and every time a new way of using -still poorer material is found he increases his supply of -raw material and extends his period of operation at -one place. Another way in which to increase his available -raw material is to see that the forests which are -tributary to his plant are not burned out. Forest fires -cannot be insured against and always result in the end -in considerable loss to the industry. A really efficient -organization for the prevention of fire can usually be -maintained at from 2 to 10 cents per acre each year, -Mr. Lovejoy stated, and it is cheaper and more effective -to protect large areas over a long period than -otherwise.</p> - -<h3>Wood End of Pulp Production Wasteful.</h3> - -<p>Mr. Lovejoy pointed out that in many cases the -woods end of pulp production was very wasteful. As -an example, he cited a given forest area, having a stand -of one-third beech, birch and maple, one-third spruce -and one-third hemlock and balsam. Only a small part -of the stand offers good log timber, not sufficient to -attract a sawmill. A contractor is obtained to get out -the pulp stock, the mill specifying that the stock shall -not exceed 5 per cent. species other than spruce. The -spruce comes out, together with all the balsam that -the contractor can get by with. That skins the stand, -but is not the worst of it. A lot of slash is left on the -ground offering good material for a fire. If fire does -not come the wind throws a lot of balsam. Side-light -hitting the hemlock parch-blights it and it dies. Conditions -are favorable to tree-destroying insects. If the -forest finally survives it will not longer be a pulp-producing -forest.</p> - -<p>As a remedy for this condition, Mr. Lovejoy urged a -dependable inventory of the forest resources by combined -Federal, State and private agencies and the development -of greater co-operation between wood-using -plants, so that everything the forest produced could be -utilized. He suggested that private owners might be -induced to go into the business of raising timber, rather -than have all the forests owned directly by the mills.</p> - -<h3>Conservation of Raw Materials Essential.</h3> - -<p>The conservation of raw materials was essential to a -well-organized industry, and there was danger that the -pulpwood supply might not be protected. Growth of -timber was slow, a cord an acre being the approximate -annual rate for well worked forests. The annual consumption -is about 5,000,000 cords of pulpwood in this -country; a tree of 50 years of age is the best for the -purpose. Working on this basis, it would clean-cut -from 150,000 to 200,000 acres each year to meet the -demand. Under the present system of unscientific -cutting, the number of acres cut over each year reaches -several million.</p> - -<h3>5,000,000 Acres of Timber Land Needed.</h3> - -<p>Putting it another way, Mr. Lovejoy asserted that -5,000,000 acres of timber land were needed to establish -the industry on such a basis, provided that only 100,000 -acres were cut over each year. Compared with the -500,000,000 acres needed for all timber requirements of -the United States, this is a small amount, he explained, -and it is up to the pulpwood men to see that it does not -get lost in the shuffle.</p> - -<p>Fire and heavy taxes prevent the growing of timber -from being an attractive investment proposition to the -individual, but for a corporation it is different, said -Mr. Lovejoy. Under proper management the forest -land will begin to render return at once. Several pulpwood -mills are already on this basis.</p> - -<p>In closing, Mr. Lovejoy urged the importance of less -severe competition and greater co-operation. Such -changes were radical, but they must be undertaken to -preserve the industry.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>TRADE ENQUIRIES.</h2> - -<p>A firm at Bristol, Eng., has asked the Canadian -Trade and Commerce Department for quotations for a -contract on woodpulp board. They desire the board -to be 40 inches by 45 at about 180 sheets to the British -cwt., and ask for 100 to 150 tons a year, delivered ten -tons per month.</p> - -<p>A Glasgow, Scot., firm states that a large demand -exists there for straw-boards, leather-boards and pulpwood-board. -They have forwarded samples to the Department -of Trade and Commerce at Ottawa for quotations.</p> - -<p>Two Russian firms have asked the Dominion Trade -and Commerce Department for quotations for writing -papers for commercial purposes. They prefer white -and light blue colors. Quotations for quantities c.i.f. -Vladivostok, desired. They sent samples with their -request.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a></span></p> - -<h2>Sweden’s Production and Export of Paper</h2> - -<p>Translated from “Papir Journalen” Christiania, -Norway by the News-print Manufacturers’ Association.</p> - -<p>In the report of the Swedish Chamber of Commerce -is said as a general opinion about the Swedish paper -industry in 1915, that it has had to pass through many -troubles, and that operation has been difficult and -expensive.</p> - -<p>Of raw materials, pulpwood prices increased very -early on account of forced pitprops export, and because -pitprops used much timber previously chiefly had been -used for wood pulp and cellulose, that is pine and -spruce of large dimensions. To a larger extent there -were made purchases of pulpwood in Sweden for -export to Norway, which, on which account of the war, -could not supply its demand by imports from Russia. -On account of the purchases for foreign consumers, the -supply in some places was so scant that several woodpulp -and paper mills had difficulties in covering their -requirements. These conditions caused a great rise in -prices. After repeated petitions from the Swedish -Paper Mills Association on November 6th, 1915, an -embargo was declared on the export of unrefined spruce -and pine. In spite of this, felling and purchases for -foreign consumers have been continued, in the hope -that licenses would be given liberally and likewise with -the thought that after the coming peace, it would be -possible to ship great quantities of pulpwood from -Sweden to countries, where it then would be in great -demand. In some parts of the country these conditions -have brought about an enormous wood felling which -for a long time to come will decrease the supply of -pulpwood.</p> - -<p>A number of requisites to the woodpulp and paper -industry, which must be imported have not only increased -in prices enormously, but it has been attended -by many difficulties in obtaining the most necessary -supply.</p> - -<p>The rise in prices of some raw materials and requirements -have at the end of the year been estimated at -the following figures:</p> - -<table summary="Price rises"> - <tr> - <th></th><th>per cent.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pulpwood has gone up</td><td class="tdr">30-60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dyestuffs</td><td class="tdr">400</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Chloride of lime</td><td class="tdr">1000</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Coal</td><td class="tdr">400-500</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>China clay</td><td class="tdr">100-200</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Resin and other chemicals</td><td class="tdr">300</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sulphur</td><td class="tdr">160-200</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Felts, wires, reserve parts, oils and everything else necessary to the unhampered operation of the machines</td><td class="tdr">100-500</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New machines to replace worn out ones, electric appliances, etc.</td><td class="tdr">65-500</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>But in other respects too, the production has become -more expensive, for instance increased wages to -employees and laborers on account of the famine, -greatly increased freights for imports and exports, -considerably raised railway tariffs, etc.</p> - -<p>All these items of increased cost in production and -operation, have, of course, brought about an increase -in the prices of paper, so far as this has been possible. -Some buyers in foreign countries have consented to an -increase of price for deliveries on older contracts. The -sellers in Sweden, by the bye have arranged to sell f.o.b. -Swedish ports, and have avoided thereby the risk of -increase in freight and insurance. In the first half of -last year, the prices could be raised on a few qualities. -But only in the latter half of the year came a systematic -co-operation among the Swedish producers for a -regulation of prices, and this price regulating was done -in concurrence with the Norwegian paper producers.</p> - -<p>The foreign demand for paper has increased latterly, -and now very high prices are offered for some qualities. -The demand for paper suitable for the producing -of yarn especially has been very great and of these -kinds of paper Sweden has sold quite a good deal. -There has been a demand for paper yarns and textiles -made therefrom; but the production thereof is very -limited in Sweden. The production and the exports -of some other paper goods has increased during 1915. -But the increase has not always, to cite the report mentioned, -been as great as might have been desired in -order to get a firm hold on the world markets for the -Swedish paper industry, for which the present time -is most favorable.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>THE GOVERNMENT’S PAPER BILL.</h2> - -<p>The high cost of paper is hampering the work of the -United States government seriously. Publications are -being cut down and plans are under way to discontinue -those of minor importance. Officials in all departments -put into effect today orders to conserve -paper. A principal step is use of smaller type in -printing.</p> - -<p>The United States government annually places the -largest individual contract made in this country for -paper. When paper required for present fiscal year -is ready for delivery, general purchasing agents have -been warned that mills will not be able to meet a demand -equally as great next year, even at enormous -increase in price.</p> - -<p>Dr. O. H. Briggs, head of government general supply -division says: “Latest reports show a crisis in the paper -industry, and retrenchment all along the line will be -enforced. Government contract price for fine grades -of typewriting paper last year was 12 cents a pound. -Today we should have to pay 20 cents. We are using -100 different kinds of paper. Since the war the price -has jumped about 100% and will continue to soar.”</p> - -<p>Government printing demands about 15 carloads -daily and paper for its use alone has amounted to more -than $1,000,000 a year. Printing paper for this year’s -work costs 4½ cents, but contracts for future supplies -will show 100% increase or more in price.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>CHANGES AT FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY</h2> - -<p>Dr. J. S. Bates, Superintendent of the Forest Products -Laboratories, has left for Shawinigan Falls to -assist the Imperial Government in the production of -chemical products needed in munitions manufacture. -Dr. Bates is “loaned” to the Imperial Government by -the Dominion Government for the period of the war.</p> - -<p>W. Boyd Campbell B.Sc., Assistant Superintendent, -who has been to the front for the past twelve months, -has returned to take up the duties of Dr. Bates until -his return.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>There arrived 10,368,000,000 matches in New York a -few days ago from Sweden on SS. Stockholm to relieve -shortage in United States. Steamer also brought 7,500 -bales of wood pulp.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></span></p> - -<h2>INSURANCE OF STANDING TIMBER REGARDED AS FEASIBLE.</h2> - -<p>Standing timber is one fire risk that hitherto has -not been regarded with favor by the fire insurance -companies. Some insurance of this sort has been written -in Canada by the London Lloyds on separate limited -tracts and an excess loss only, the insured bearing -all losses below this limit. The Phoenix Insurance -Co., of London, is, however, this year writing some insurance -upon green standing timber in Oregon and -Washington, with certain restrictions, and at rates varying -from 1 and 1½ per cent. The timber must be -accessible to markets, not unduly exposed to fire -hazard, and only one risk is taken in each fire zone or -area indicated by the Company. No risk is written -greater than $17,500 in any one such area.</p> - -<p>W. R. Brown in an article on this subject in “American -Forestry” goes in to some detail in discussing the -possibilities of this subject. He summarizes the fire -experiences within the territory of various fire prevention -associations, and his figures include the 22,000,000 -acres under the supervision of E. C. Allen in -the twelve western private fire prevention associations -which he supervises; the New Hampshire Timberland -Owners’ Association with 1,000,000 acres; the Northern -Fire Protective Association of Michigan with 2,000,000 -acres; the St. Maurice Valley Fire Protective Association -of Quebec with an area of 8,000,000 acres—the -total of the four associations being 33,000,000 acres. -The expenditure for forest ranging and fire prevention -is approximately 1 cent an acre for the first three and -¼ cent an acre for the Canadian organization. In the -western associations the fire loss for the year 1910 was -one-half of 1 per cent. In each association since that -time it has been much less than that figure, except for -1914 in the Canadian association, when one fire got -away and the fire loss of the year was three-fourths of -1 per cent. upon the timber valuation. Taking all four -areas together and summarizing the figures for each -which Mr. Allen gives, the average yearly losses respectively -were as follows:</p> - -<p>1910, .005; 1911, .000171; 1912, .0002328; 1913, .0012636; -1914, .00253; 1915, .00427.</p> - -<p>The writer concludes from these figures that in such -protective areas fire insurance should cost for the loss -ratio not over one-half per cent. annually, with another -one-half per cent. added for administration cost of the -insurance plan. He gives some further experience -upon which to base this conclusion. In Minnesota during -the last ten years, with its forest wealth of $280,000,000, -the average fire loss has been about $100,000 -or one-thirty-fourth of 1 per cent. annually.—American -Lumberman.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>PAPER CLOTHES.</h2> - -<p>A new German textile in which paper is spun with -about 20 per cent. of cotton is being exhibited in Copenhagen.</p> - -<p>Unspun cotton in the form of down is glued to one -side of endless rolls of paper and the paper is then -shorn into narrow bands, which are spun with the cotton -side outwards.</p> - -<p>Danish experts were shown “paper” underclothing, -jerseys, sheets, bandages, and horse blankets, but the -cost of production of the cloth is said to be too high to -allow its competing with cotton and woolen cloth under -normal conditions.</p> - -<h2>MUNICIPAL FORESTRY.</h2> - -<p>Forestry can never appeal to individual enterprise -on a large scale. Returns are too slow. As a national -enterprise of the highest importance it is gaining recognition, -and there is a tendency among some American -cities to take advantage of its many possibilities. -With the exception of the vicinity of the Great Lakes, -the world’s largest reservoir of pure fresh water, cities -must have water supplies from available drainage or -watershed areas. These can be devoted to forestry -with advantage from a sanitary point of view, and -also with profit when the trees begin to mature. Where -convenient, the forested area can also be made to serve -as public parks. The city of Fall River, Mass., began -in 1909 to plant trees in Watuppa Pond Reservation. -There are 3,232 acres of land belonging to the municipality -in a natural forest condition and 1,552 acres -suitable for reforesting. The trees are supplied by -the State Forestry Bureau. The Metropolitan Water -Board, which represents Boston and other cities in -this matter, has planted, chiefly in the Wachusetts -Reservation, about 1,800 acres with forest trees. In -six years the State forestry service has furnished to -the cities of the State a sufficient number of trees to -cover 1,481 acres, and it is estimated that 15,000 acres -in city reservoir tracts have been put under some kind -of forest treatment. Massachusetts has gone beyond -the use of the watershed reservations for this purpose. -An act was passed by the Legislature three -years ago permitting cities to buy land to be kept distinctly -as forests, quite aside from water purposes. -There are now several of these city forests in existence.</p> - -<p>Elsewhere in the United States the same tendency -exists. In ten large and middling-sized cities forest -domains aggregating over 150,000 acres are maintained, -and it is probable that municipal forests comprise -250,000 acres. Newark, N.J., has a forest of 22,000 -acres, and in time the whole of it may be scientifically -forested. Hartford, Conn., has a forest property of -4,000 acres, which is being developed for timber production. -Here are examples for Canadian cities. Winnipeg’s -water development may be made to serve a -double purpose. Even Toronto’s suburban ravines, -though unsuited and unnecessary for water supply, -might serve the dual purpose of timber production and -park systems. Municipal trading has many critics, often -unreasonable, but municipal reforesting should be -made a possibility where Provincial authority is neglecting -its duty in that regard and falling behind -in the march of progress.—Toronto Globe.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>PUBLISHERS TO MAKE PAPER.</h2> - -<p>Fifty newspaper publishers of Florida are considering -establishment of a plant to manufacture paper -from pulp of fibrous trees and bushes in that state, -particularly palmetto. Investigations have shown -fibrous material is of better quality than spruce pulp -which is used in manufacture of newsprint.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>In connection with the advance in paper issues, timber -limits, which normally have a value of about $1,000 -a square mile, have risen to $2,000 a square mile.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>A prominent dealer who returned a few days ago -from the Quebec woodlands reports that the supply of -pulpwood this year is but 50 per cent. of what it was -a year ago because of the inability to get labor.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span></p> - -<h2>SCARCITY OF PAPER IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES.</h2> - -<p>The following information furnished by United -States consuls and published in the United States Commerce -Reports, will be of interest to the Canadian paper -trade:—</p> - -<h3>Government May Take Action to Relieve Brazilian -Situation.</h3> - -<p>The scarcity of paper, and particularly of news-print -paper, in Rio de Janeiro is still a serious matter. While -stocks have been replenished, there are signs that another -crisis is approaching. The “Jornal do Commercio”, -the leading daily paper of the city, in an editorial -on July 7, seriously proposed that unless the Brazilian -Congress saw fit to reduce the import duties on news-print -paper for a time, all the newspapers of the country -should begin to eliminate news that was superfluous -and print smaller daily editions so as to save paper.</p> - -<p>The matter has attracted widespread attention, perhaps -on account of the impressions that importers -usually profit by a scarcity on the local market to -make exorbitant demands for what stocks they may -have on hand. Although the serious situation now -confronting the country has been looming up threateningly -for a long time past, no effort seems to have been -made to save paper or to collect waste paper and rags.</p> - -<p>Senhor Dunshee de Abrantee, of the Brazilian -Chamber of Deputies, himself a man familiar with -journalism and the needs of the paper trade, has -already presented to Congress a proposed amendment -to the forthcoming budget law, providing that imported -paper shall pay no duty and only the expediente tax -on entering the country.</p> - -<h3>Spanish Government Asked To Seek Remedy.</h3> - -<p>The scarcity of paper in Spain has caused some -anxiety, and representatives of Spanish publishers, -printers, and manufacturers of paper and cardboard -have informed the Government of their willingness to -postpone filling export orders until after the domestic -demand for their products has been fully met. They -also expressed a desire that the Government fix prices -and conditions to control the export of raw materials -used in paper manufacture. Accordingly, a royal -order, published June 15, 1916, appointed a commission, -a representative of the Government presiding, -formed of three delegates chosen from each interested -group, namely, paper manufacturers, newspaper publishers, -and those engaged in bookmaking arts.</p> - -<p>This commission is to pass on all complaints formulated, -proposing, if necessary, such methods as it judges -opportune with respect to the export of paper and un-manufactured -cardboard. The custom house authorities -must submit to this commission a sample of every -class of paper or cardboard exported, its origin, and -the name of the exporter.</p> - -<p>The paper-making interests in Spain employs chiefly -wood-pulp, and its price has increased about 85 per -cent since the war began. Imports of wood-pulp in -1913 amounted to 61,000 metric tons of 2,204.6 pounds -each; in 1914 to 40,000 tons, and in 1915 to 50,000 tons. -More than half of this supply comes from Sweden; -other sources are Germany and Norway.</p> - -<p>Wood-pulp and logs for making pulp coming from -foreign countries were exempted from the transport -tax in March last, and an export duty of 18 pesetas -gold per 100 kilograms ($1.58 per 100 pounds) levied -on endless paper weighing from 41 to 50 grams per -square metre and containing mechanical pulp.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>SUPPLY AND DEMAND LAW CONTROLS PAPER PRICES.</h2> - -<p>In his address before the New York Business Publishers’ -Association, formerly the New York Trade -Press Association, at the Advertising Club of New -York on Oct. 2, Judge C. F. Moore, secretary of the -Bureau of Statistics of the Book Paper Manufacturers’ -Association, declared that there was a real paper -famine in the United States, and that the law of supply -and demand was solely responsible for the present -high prices of book paper.</p> - -<p>He went on to say that the people in the United -States were enormously busy and that they were using -more paper than ever before; that there was a more -acute paper famine abroad than in America, that the -mills in the United States were all working day and -night six days a week, and that because of discouraging -legislation passed by Congress in the past the paper -manufacturers had not been keen on building new -plants and installing new machinery when there was -such a chance for keen competition from abroad. He -asserted that there had been no agreement by paper -makers to boost the price or to regulate it.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>LOCKWOOD’S DIRECTORY.</h2> - -<p>Lockwood’s Directory of the Paper & Stationery -Allied Trades for 1917, has just been received by the -Pulp and Paper Magazines. The work has come -to be regarded as a standard publication, and is -eagerly looked for by those engaged in the pulp and -paper industry.</p> - -<p>The Directory this year contains 768 pages as compared -with 742 pages for the previous year. It contains -a vast amount of information relating to paper -dealers, rag and paper stock dealers, paper box manufacturers, -twine manufacturers, wall paper makers, -envelope manufacturers, paper bag producers, trade -associations, the stationary trade, water marks and -brands, etc.</p> - -<p>The Trade Statistics contained in the Paper are -brought right up to date, which in view of the changed -conditions brought about by the European war, make -it of particular value. The price to anyone engaged -in the trade is $3.00. It is published by the Lockwood -Journal Company, 10 East 39th St., New York.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>THE WOOD DISTILLATION INDUSTRY.</h2> - -<p>It is estimated by the New York State College of -Forestry that 640 cords of beech, birch and maple wood -are used every day in the wood distillation industry in -New York State. The industry has been greatly stimulated -by the European war inasmuch as acetate of -lime, of one the principal products of the industry, is -used in the manufacture of high explosives.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>THREE IDLE MILLS.</h2> - -<p>At the present time there are but three idle pulp and -paper mills in Canada, two of which are located in -British Columbia, and the third in Nova Scotia. These -are all small mills, and in contrast to that, it is only -necessary to point out that all the other mills in Canada -are working to capacity.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>The annual consumption of paper pulp wood in the -United States is 4,300,000 cords, representing an expenditure -of $36,000,000 by approximately 250 companies.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span></p> - -<h2>SHOES LIKE “THE WONDERFUL ONE HORSE SHAY.”</h2> - -<p>When a man is “on his uppers” he is in a very -serious condition for then his shoe soles have worn -out and he has no money to buy more. This expression -therefore carries with it the assumption that the uppers -of our shoes wear better than the soles. It is -a slang phrase of recent introduction: for can we not -recall our boyhood days, and see those gorgeous patches -on our Sunday best wax calf shoes, or our every -day high boots—patches which were striking emblems -of the cobbler’s art? Yes, the soles outwore the uppers -then, but they had other less desirable qualities -than durability. Hark back, and you can hear again -that vibrant reverberation echoing upon the stillness -of the Sabbath morn as the deacon, contribution box -in hand, tip-toed up and down the aisle; every squeak -of those blessed boots sounding like the droaning of -a rusty saw in a hemlock log.</p> - -<p>Times have changed, however, since those happy -days. The Chemist has been busy, and his achievements -in the leather industry have been revolutionary. -In 1884, Augustus Schultz of New York City, who was -not a tanner but a chemist, patented a process for tanning -with chromium salts. As a result of this discovery, -over ninety per cent. of the shoes worn throughout -the world to-day are made with chrome-tanned -upper leather. This chrome-tanned leather, which, -we are proud to say was made commercially possible -in America, is cheaper, more durable, easier to manufacture, -holds its shape better, and, in every other respect, -is superior to bark-tanned leather of former -years. This is the reason why we do not wear patches -on our shoe uppers to-day.</p> - -<p>The sole leather of to-day, it is claimed, does not -wear so well as that of former years. Possibly this -may be the case, but still the statement is open to a -question. Granted, however, that the sole leather of -fifty years ago did wear somewhat longer, there are reasons -why we should not care to return to its use. In -place of the old style leather, which was a hard and as -hard and as slippery as steel, we now have a leather -which cuts well, looks well, and, above all else, feels -well on the foot. Therefore, looking to our comfort -as we do, we would never be satisfied with the shoes -that grandpa used to wear.</p> - -<p>The meeting of the American Chemical Society, -which was held in New York City during the week -of September 25 to 30, and the Exposition of Chemical -Industries meeting there at the same time, makes us -wonder if the chemist will soon be able to make the -sole of a shoe wear as long as the upper. Something -along this line may be forthcoming, as it is pretty well -known in the trade that a sole leather can be produced -by means of a so-called chrome combination tannage -which will outwear bark-tanned leather three to one. -To prove this point, a recent series of tests were made -on twenty mail carriers and twenty policemen in New -York City. On the right shoe of each was a sole made -from a chrome combination, and on the left was the -best oak sole obtainable. On the average, two oak -soles wore through and the men were on the third -before the chrome combination saw its finish.</p> - -<p>With the price of leather constantly going up and -the supply of hides not sufficient to meet the demand, -the time is soon coming when we shall be forced to -produce sole leather possessing a greater degree of -wearing quality. We shall then have shoes on our feet -which will be like the proverbial, “One Horse Shay”; -for, when they do go, even the cobbler will not be able -to find the pieces.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>WORK OF THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS.</h2> - -<p>Reference is made in a recent issue of the “Scientific -American” to the excellent work being done at the -Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. In relation -to the pulp and paper laboratory presided over by -Frederick C. Clark, a prominent member of the Technical -Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, the -“Scientific American” says:</p> - -<p>“Some time ago, the Government, realizing that we -were cut off from supplies of rags and waste paper, -which heretofore had been imported in large quantities, -appealed to the public to save such refuse material -and sell it to paper manufacturers. As a result of -this appeal, a manufacturer of waxed paper asked the -Department of Commerce whether any use could be -made of clippings of his product. In the production -of waxed paper sheets, this company is burdened with -large quantities of clippings, which have been hauled -away by the carload and destroyed. Owing to the -association of the paraffin wax with the fiber of the -paper, such clippings cannot be introduced into ordinary -paper pulp.”</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>QUEBEC’S FOREST ECONOMY.</h2> - -<p class="center">(Telegraph, St. John, N.B.).</p> - -<p>Quebec, some years ago, established a provincial -nursery, and this year, in addition to the young trees -planted on Crown lands, the provincial nursery shipped -400,000 seedlings to pulp and paper companies -which are reafforesting the lands they have cut over. -The Laurentide company alone bought 250,000 of these -young trees. A large number were sold to other -pulp and paper companies, and to private individuals. -The Perthius seignory alone bought 50,000 seedlings -this year; and this is the sixth year in succession during -which trees have been bought from the province for -use in this seignory. With this example just over our -provincial line fence, New Brunswick continues a -policy of waste and neglect.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>PAPER SHORTAGE SERIOUS IN NEW ZEALAND.</h2> - -<p>New Zealand paper shortage is interfering greatly -with printing business and the government is limiting -publications turned out by it. Because of difficulty in -getting paper, managers of a number of publications -talk of suspending.</p> - -<p>Supplies of certain lines of paper, cardboards, pasteboards, -etc., are almost impossible to obtain, and it -seems unlikely that this condition will improve much -until some time after the war, unless American or Canadian -manufacturers are able to relieve the situation. -Scarcity of envelopes is very marked, and it is almost -impossible to obtain certain lines. One firm in Auckland -took orders for 25,000,000 envelopes, but has been -able to get orders accepted in the United States for -only 15,000,000, and to date only 5,000,000 have been -delivered.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>The output of pulp and paper from British Columbia -last year was 50,307 tons of manufactured paper and -13,000 tons of sulphite pulp, valued at $3,200,000.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img class="hidden" src="images/united-states-notes.jpg" width="500" height="75" alt="UNITED STATES NOTES (decorative header)" /> -<h2 class="hidden">UNITED STATES NOTES</h2> -</div> - -<p class="center">(Special to Pulp and Paper Magazine).</p> - -<p class="center">October 14, 1916.</p> - -<p>Considerable interest was manifest in the New York -paper circle during the past fortnight by the resignation -from the International Paper Company of Arthur -E. Wright. Mr. Wright has been connected with the -International for many years. At one time he was -Vice-President and Sales Manager, but several years -ago he relinquished the former position to devote his -entire time to the daily distribution of the company’s -1,500 tons of paper. Mr. Wright has been appointed -Secretary of the Perkins-Goodwin Company at 33 West -42nd Street, New York, and has already assumed his -new duties.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Another addition to its mills is announced by the -Union Bag & Paper Company. At the offices of the -big concern in the Woolworth Building, New York, -it was said last week it had been decided to build a -plant at Hudson Falls, N.Y., for the manufacture of -paper bags. The specifications call for a four story -building, 100 by 400 feet. Work will be begun immediately -and when completed it is expected to increase -the company’s pay roll by approximately 400 people.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Press dispatches from San Francisco, Cal., state that -the Northwestern Compo Board Company, which, by -the way, is a branch of the C. A. Smith Lumber Company, -had negotiated with the Union Lumber Company -to utilize its redwood refuse at Fort Bragg, Cal., -for the manufacture of Compo board. It is also understood -that work will be started immediately upon -the erection of a suitable mill at that place.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Hans Lagerlof, President of the Scandinavian Trading -Company, with offices in the Produce Exchange -Building, New York, has just returned from a protracted -trip through Scandinavia. Mr. Lagerlof left -the States last July, and relates some very interesting -experiences during his sojourn in the war zone.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>After being idle for about six years, the old paper -mills at Mount Holly Springs, Mass., will shortly resume -operations. The Mount Holly Paper Mills, Inc., -has been chartered in Massachusetts to take over the -properties and good will of the old concern. The officers -of the new corporation are: Frank Locke, President; -H. T. Maynard, Vice-President and General -Manager, and H. A. G. Locke, Treasurer. It is stated -that the mills will be placed in operations as soon -as repairs can be made and new necessary machinery -installed.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The Northwestern Paper Company, of Minneapolis, -Minn., has amended its charter increasing its capital -from $1,000,000 to $1,500,000.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Quite a number of the leading paper jobbers exhibited -at the third annual printing show at New York, -September 30th to October 7th, where they demonstrated -their various grades of papers to the printers -of the country. This exhibition has always interested -the paper jobbers very much, and it was said that -this year’s show was attended by a greater number -of people than ever before.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The correspondent on the Pacific Coast of one of -the leading trade journals states in a current dispatch -that the Hawley Pulp and Paper Company is building -a new pare mill at Oregon City, Ore. Orders have -been placed for the machinery and excavation for a -concrete foundation has begun. It is expected that -the mill will be ready for operation about Spring time.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>It is understood on good authority that the Kalamazoo -Paper Company, Kalamazoo, Mich., in order -to have sufficient power to run its new coating plant, -will increase its present power plant by the installation -of a new 1,250 horsepower turbine engine. Other necessary -additions will also be added which will make -the company have one of the largest power plants in -the state.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The Delaware charters during the past fortnight -listed the Roberts Sulphite Company. Objects of the -new corporation are to deal in wood pulp and paper -stock. The capital stock is placed at $2,500,000.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Another large pulp corporation to be reported during -the past fortnight is the Filer Fibre Company. -This is a $300,000 concern. It proposes to engage -in the manufacture of wood pulp at Manistee, Mich. -It is understood that the concern, which is backed -by E. G. Filer, will begin immediately the building of -its mill, and be in operation sometime about the early -spring.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Fifty newspaper publishers of the State of Florida, -convened at Jacksonville on October 6th and 7th to -discuss the high cost of printing paper and consider -the advisability of establishing a plant in Florida to -manufacture paper from pulp of fibrous trees and -bushes, particularly the palmetto. Investigations, it -is said, have shown that fibrous materials are of better -quality than the spruce pulp which is used by the -mills in the north. Several specimens were shown -at the meeting and those from the Florida trees showed -more tensile strength than any of the other grades -submitted. It was said that the Florida editors will -endorse and promote any move that will bring about -the establishment of a mill in that state.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>NEW YORK MARKETS.</h2> - -<p class="right">New York, N.Y., October 7, 1916.</p> - -<p>The outlook in ground wood pulp is very discouraging, -so far as the consumer is concerned. There is -now a definite certainty that the market must continue -to grow more acute and that the value of pulp<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span> -will be on the ascendancy for some time. While there -has been no material increase in the quotations reported -for ground wood, since our last issue, these -figures are beginning to represent nominal issues, for -it is becoming rather difficult to negotiate for such -supplies. Now, more than ever, does the prediction, -made several months ago, that ground wood pulp -would reach $40.00 per ton, seem plausible. From -the grinders come reports that they have little to offer. -They are working their mills to capacity fulfilling -obligations which carry them through the balance -of the year. Those mills which have surplus stocks are -asking tophigh prices.</p> - -<p>It is most unfortunate at this time, but it is understood -that, in various parts of the country, the water -conditions are very poor and that it is with difficulty -many of the machines are being kept in operation. In -fact, some of the mills have been shut down a good -part of the time, owing to lack of water power. This -is a very serious condition, because the demand has -reached extraordinary proportions. Not only is there -the usual call for ground wood, caused by the Fall business, -but there is an added demand, stimulated by -the shortage of sulphites and the rush of many mills -to substitute, as far as possible, the ground wood -pulp. Present quotations have already reached $30 -per ton, f.o.b. mill.</p> - -<p>Conditions in the sulphite markets seem to be growing -worse, rather than showing any tendency to improve. -Importations are very limited and it is apparent -that the foreign producers are not at all very -anxious to have much of their stock sent to his country. -For, they say, the continent of Europe presents -a much better paying field. It is understood that -the Germans, the French, Italians, and the other countries -which are able to get stock from Sweden are -paying whatever is being asked—more than the current -quotations in the United States. Domestic mills -are working to capacity and the volume of imports -from Canada has increased considerably, but the demand -is of such proportions that it is impossible for -the manufacturers to keep up with it. A great deal -of interest is reported in the market, but mills still -hesitate about paying the very high prices and are -buying very cautiously, in the hope that the situation -will improve in the near future. But indications are -far from warranting such hopes. Bleached sulphite -is to-day quoted—nominally—at as high as 9½c for foreign -stock. Easy bleaching is going at about 6½c—whenever -it can be had. Domestic unbleached is -quoted at about 4c, but is also not available in large -quantities. Foreign strong unbleached remains at -about 5c to 5½c. Krafts are to-day practically unobtainable. -The producers are consuming whatever they -have not already contracted to sell, finding it more -profitable to convert the pulp into paper. Reports -have been heard of instances where manufacturers have -not found it possible to live up to their obligations and -have had to stop deliveries on contracts. The nominal -price for kraft pulp is about 5¾c.</p> - -<p>The rag market, as a whole, is very quiet. As the -local dealers say, the situation is dependent on the -action of roofing rags and, since these are inactive, the -other grades are forced into a similar state. Reports -from the roofing mills show that they are all working -to capacity and that they have plenty of orders on -hand. However, they are all pretty well stocked with -rags and have no need to come into the market. It -seems to be understood in the trade, from the way the -buying is going on, that the manufacturers are conferring -possibly once a week and are informing each -other of the various amounts of stock which have been -offered by dealers and of the prices which have been -named. In this way it has been possible for them to -keep tabs on the rag men and to keep the market from -advancing. Because of the inactivity in roofing, thirds -and blues, solid whites, and the other grades of old -rags have not been moving very well, nor have they -been bringing the prices which the dealers expected -they would be bringing at this time of the year. A -slight increase, however, was noted in the demand for -No. 1 new white rags. In fact, one rumor had it that -a large lot of these rags had been sold at 10c. It is -known that a large writing manufacturer refused an -offer at 9c and a little later wired an acceptance, but -it was not taken.</p> - -<p>Rope has been looming up strong within the past -few weeks and the market is now verging the 6c mark. -It is understood that there are lots of stocks in England, -but these cannot be had because of the embargo -so the domestic manufacturers find themselves facing -a scarcity in this particular commodity. The demand -is now improving and bids fair to continue so for some -time.</p> - -<p>The waste paper market has been characterized with -considerable activity during the past few weeks. The -shortage of sulphite has stimulated buying considerably -and everyone is in the market looking for stock. Hard -white and soft white shavings, in particular, are in -strong demand and are reaching a stage where they -will be hard to obtain. They are quoted about as follows: -hard white, 4¼c to 4¾c; soft white, 3 to 4c. -The demand for ledger, magazine and book stock is -fairly strong and will most likely increase in strength, -if present indications are to be taken into account. -Ledger stock is at 2¼c to 2½c; magazine, at 1¾c; -krafts, at 3c; mixed papers, at 60c to 65c.</p> - -<p>In the paper market, the acute situation remains unrelieved, -nor is there any apparent sign of relief visible. -This is true of all kinds of paper. The mills are all -operating to capacity in the hope of catching up with -orders, but this hope has been futile as will be realized -when it is understood that some of the manufacturers -are still working on orders received several months ago. -Newsprint has been the miracle of the industry. Despite -all of the schemes which have been published stating -the many ways in which the newspapers were curtailing -their consumption and saving paper, the demand -is to-day as strong as it ever was. The mills are -shipping more than 100 per cent. of their production—drawing -from their reserve supplies, so that these -have dwindled to a dangerous degree. It would be -hard to name a real quotation for newsprint at the -present time for the only lots to be had are not those -in the hands of jobbers who are asking as much as they -can get for their stock.</p> - -<p>Wrapping papers are still very hard to get. It will -be interesting to know that many of the large consumers -of wrapping paper have reached the stage -where they find they cannot stand the cost and are -making price as follows: so much for an article unwrapped, -and so much for an article wrapped.</p> - -<p class="right">R. W. JOLLY.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span></p> - -<h2>ROOF TRUSSES COLLAPSE AT PLANT OF ONTARIO -PAPER COMPANY, LIMITED.</h2> - -<p>On the 19th of September six roof trusses on the -new machine room building, which is under construction -at the plant of the Ontario Paper Company, Thorold, -collapsed.</p> - -<p>The building when completed will have fourteen -trusses and at the time of the accident six trusses had -been erected with the exception of riveting them. -Seventy-five per cent. of the rivet holes had been filled -with proper bolts. The trusses were all tied together -with purlins of 6″ × 8″ Long Leaf Yellow Pine.</p> - -<p>When the six trusses were finished the guy line -which held No. 1 truss was slacked off as it was felt -that the steel work would support itself. When the -guy line was loose the entire six trusses simply toppled -over without any warning.</p> - -<p>Mr. Sam Bartlett, who was working on this structure -in the capacity of iron worker was caught between -the falling structure and an 18″ 1. beam and was instantly -killed. He was a resident of Sydney, Nova -Scotia.</p> - -<p>Careful examination of the steel was made after the -accident and while a number of theories have been -advanced to explain the failure nothing definite can -be determined.</p> - -<p>The collapse will not delay construction materially -as the wreckage has been cleared away and new -trusses are rapidly being built.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>WHERE QUEBEC LEADS.</h2> - -<p>Not only does Quebec take effective measures against -fire in her forest lands, but she takes effective measures -to keep the forests in perpetuation, where they -do not cover cultivable land. Quebec some years ago -established a provincial nursery, and this year, in addition -to the young trees planted on Crown lands, the -provincial nursery shipped 400,000 seedlings to pulp -and paper companies which are reafforesting the lands -they have cut over. The Laurentide company alone -bought 250,000 of these young trees. A large number -were sold to other pulp and paper companies and to -private individuals. The Perthius seignory alone -bought 50,000 seedlings this year; and this is the sixth -year in succession during which trees have been bought -from the province for use in this seignory.—Hamilton -Herald.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>REGULATIONS RE WET PULP.</h2> - -<p>With regard to the importation of wet sulphite -wood-pulp from Canada and the United States, according -to a bulletin just issued by the Trade and Commerce -Department, the British Royal Commission on -Paper have decided that where they are satisfied that -this pulp contains moisture in excess of the quantity -contained in ordinary dry pulp, they will grant licenses -for that excess up to, but not exceeding, 40 per -cent. of the total weight, in the case of pulp arriving in -the United Kingdom after August 7. The pulp must -be imported on the ordinary licenses issued by the commission. -The amount of moisture excess must be -proved by the certificate of a competent chemist.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>SHINGLES THAT WILL NOT BURN.</h2> - -<p>According to information in the hands of the West -Coast Lumbermen’s Association, an Iowa pharmacist -after seventeen months experimenting, has produced a -liquid which makes wooden shingles absolutely fireproof. -In a test of the new fireproofing liquid, made -at the University of Iowa by the inventor, a block of -wood one-half inch thick was saturated with the fireproofing -and then placed in running water for twenty-four -hours. After that it was thoroughly dried again -and held for one hour over a Bunsen burner, which -had a temperature of between 700 and 1,000 degrees -Fahrenheit, that being a much greater heat, it is said, -than is developed in a conflagration. The wood was -not burned and only charred very slightly at the point -of the flame. The new compound is reported to be sufficiently -low in cost to make it practical in connection -with shingle manufacture, and when a shingle is saturated -the moisture drys out, leaving an insoluble -mineral fireproofing substance in the fibre cells of the -wood, which cannot be washed out with water and is -said absolutely to prevent combustion.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>TO VISIT CANADA.</h2> - -<p>A special trade commission from Australia which -will investigate overseas methods of manufacture and -production, and conditions of employment, in timber, -paper, iron and other industries will shortly come to -Canada. The commission will be composed of experts, -an equal number of representatives of capital -and labor being arranged for. They will also visit the -United States.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>Two new wet machines are being placed in the Foley -pulp mill at Thorold and a new grinder has been installed -in the Davey mill, which is connected with the -Foley plant and will shortly be operated in conjunction -with it.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>Waste hemlock tanbark remaining after tannin is -extracted is being used by a number of mills in place -of between 30% and 40% of expensive rag stock ordinarily -used in making felt roofing.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>A. A. McDiarmid, has resigned his position as chief -engineer on the Mattagami Pulp and Paper Co., Toronto, -and is now engaged in special work at Sault Ste. -Marie.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>OUR PULP AND PAPER EXPORTS.</h2> - -<p>The increase in the exports of paper, wood for pulp -and pulp for the twelve months ending June last is -23.8 per cent. To a considerable extent this is due to -advancing prices. It will be noticed that the export of -wood pulp during the period of the twelve months in -question has declined slightly. There is more wood -available at the present time than a few months ago. -Northern Ontario points report the most acute shortage, -although the situation there has improved somewhat.</p> - -<table summary="Export numbers"> - <tr> - <th></th><th>1915.</th><th>1916.</th><th colspan="2">1916.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th></th><th></th><th></th><th>To Britain.</th><th>To U.S.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Paper</td><td class="tdr">$16,200,635</td><td class="tdr">$21,256,296</td><td class="tdr">$1,032,786</td><td class="tdr">$17,759,018</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pulpwood</td><td class="tdr">6,463,125</td><td class="tdr">6,102,170</td><td class="tdr">——</td><td class="tdr">6,102,170</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Wood pulp</td><td class="tdr">9,257,036</td><td class="tdr">12,220,988</td><td class="tdr">672,673</td><td class="tdr">10,793,647</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Total</td><td class="tdr total">$31,920,796</td><td class="tdr total">$39,579,454</td><td class="tdr total">$1,705,459</td><td class="tdr total">$34,654,835</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img class="hidden" src="images/pulp-and-paper-news.jpg" width="500" height="75" alt="PULP AND PAPER NEWS (decorative header)" /> -<h2 class="hidden">PULP AND PAPER NEWS</h2> -</div> - -<p>Mr. H. Moore, secretary of the Clements Paper Co., -Nashville, Tenn., spent a few days in Toronto and -Montreal recently calling upon the trade.</p> - -<p>W. J. Gage, President of W. J. Gage and Co., Toronto -and the Kinleith Paper Co., St. Catharines, has -been awarded $4,000 damages by Arbitrator P. H. -Brayton in his claim against the city of Toronto. In -connection with the Bathurst street hill improvements -a retaining wall was built which stood against the Gage -property and the latter contended that the site should -be treated as a business location. Mr. Gage witnesses -declared that the damage done was several times more -than what has been awarded. The official arbitrator -took the view that the land occupied by the retaining -wall should be paid for and no more and handed out -judgment accordingly.</p> - -<p>At the annual meeting held recently in Toronto, the -report of the directors and the annual financial statement -of the Spanish River Paper Mills, Limited, which -have already been published in these columns, were -presented. The improvement in the company’s position -was favorably commented upon. George H. -Mead was re-elected president, P. B. Wilson, Vice-president, -Thomas Gibson, Secretary and A. H. Chitty, -Treasurer.</p> - -<p>So serious has become the shortage of news print in -Winnipeg, that the newspapers of that city have discontinued -giving free copies to employees while all -correspondents have been cut off and no free exchanges -to other newspapers are given.</p> - -<p>The district fire rangers around Port Arthur have -returned to their homes having concluded their duties -for the present season. The loss from fires in the -Thunder Bay district this year was the smallest on record.</p> - -<p>John Rumelhart, who was convicted of having stolen -pulp wood in his possession, was sentenced at Port -Arthur to twenty-six months in the penitentiary. In -passing sentence upon him Sir Glenholme Falconbridge -stated that the rights of pulp wood owners must be -respected. The pulp wood in question was from a -storage room of the Horrigan Co., which was located -at Black Bay.</p> - -<p>The engagement is announced of Miss Edna Frances, -daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Mutton, Toronto, -to Flight Lieutenant Arthur W. Kilgour, youngest son -of Mr. Robert Kilgour of Toronto, President of the -Trent River Paper Co., Frankford, Ont. Miss Mutton -left this week for Bombay, India, where the marriage -will take place.</p> - -<p>Herbert C. Jarvis, General Manager of the Empire -Wall Paper Co., Limited, Toronto, states that the price -of all materials entering in the manufacture of wall -paper, has increased by leaps and bounds during the -past few months and the end is not yet in sight. A -few months ago prices were advanced and the company -expected that this increase would result in decreased -sales but on the contrary the demand is steadily growing. -With the large contracts which the firm have, -Mr. Jarvis says that he hopes to maintain net prices -about the same as are today.</p> - -<p>A charter has been granted to Canadian Wood Products, -Limited, with headquarters in Toronto and a -share capital of $40,000. The company is empowered -to manufacture and deal in lumber, pulp and other -forest products.</p> - -<p>Ald. A. H. Stratton, of Peterboro, who was for many -years engaged in the stationery and wall paper business -in that city and is a brother of the late Hon. J. R. -Stratton, proprietor of the Peterboro Examiner, has, in -company with his brother-in-law, T. F. Matthews, purchased -the plant and business of the Review Printing -and Publishing Co., Peterboro, which has been in liquidation. -The Review is one of the oldest in Ontario being -established in 1853 by the Whites who later became -owners of the Montreal Gazette.</p> - -<p>The wholesale paper business in Montreal formerly -carried on by John R. MacGregor has been taken over -by John R. MacGregor and Thomas Harkness and is -now conducted under the name of the MacGregor-Harkness -Paper Co.</p> - -<p>Port Arthur is to have a large sulphite plant, a free -site being given the company on the north water front, -of some *0 acres. An agreement has been entered into -between the corporation and has several and astern capitalists. -The bylaw will be soon voted upon by the -ratepayers. The first unit is to be started within -thirty days after the carrying of the measure, and be -completed and in operation within one year. It will -have a capacity of fifty tons a day and, inside of five -years, the capacity is to be increased to one hundred -and fifty tons whereupon the company will receive a -deed for a further tract of land of ninety-seven and -one half acres. It is expected that by the time the -complete mill of one hundred and fifty tons is finished -the outlay on buildings and equipment will be in the -neighborhood of five million dollars.</p> - -<p>It was stated recently, both in reports on the street -and in some newspapers that Hon. G. Howard Ferguson, -Minister of Lands, Forests and Mines for Ontario -had entered into a secret deal with a large paper -company of Appleton, Wis., enabling that concern to -export pulp from eight thousand acres of Crown lands -in the Thunder Bay district, for manufacture in the -United States. It was rumored that the law compelling -all pulp wood on Ontario Crown lands to be first -turned into pulp or paper in the province, before being -sent out of the country, had been set aside by the simple -provision of selling the land to the Appleton firm. -Hon. Mr. Ferguson has given an emphatic denial to the -charge, in which he stated there is not a word of truth, -and adds that no suggestion had ever been made to -him to allow pulp wood to be exported. He pointed -out, in connection with tenders now being called for -the right to cut pulp wood and other timber on the Pic -river and other territory in the Thunder Bay district -covering about 1,400 square miles that the provisions -clearly state that the successful bidder must erect a -pulp mill with a minimum capacity of one hundred and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span> -fifty tons daily which, with its equipment, must cost -not less than a million dollars, and also a paper mill -with a capacity of one hundred tons a day. The tenders -for the Pic River concession close on December 1st.</p> - -<p>Thomas Gain, sales manager of the Don Valley Paper -Mills, Toronto, who has been ill for some time, is able -to be around again and attend to his duties.</p> - -<p>Rev. Dr. A. C. Crews, who is editor of the Sunday -School publications of the Methodist Book and Publishing -House, Toronto, has been elected president of -the Toronto Chess Club.</p> - -<p>Charles V. Syrett, of the Victoria paper and Twine -Co., Toronto, has returned from a motor trip to Erie, -Cleveland and other cities. He also visited the mills -of the Hammermill Paper Co.</p> - -<p>Thomas Wark, who for some time has been superintendent -of the Deferiet mill of the St. Regis Paper Co., -has resigned his position to enter upon his new duties -as superintendent of the St. Maurice Paper Co. at Cap -Madeleine, Que.</p> - -<p>A charter has been granted to the W. E. Gallagher -Printing Co., Limited, with a capital stock of fifteen -thousand dollars and headquarters in Kitchener, Ont. -to engage in printing, publishing, engraving, book-binding, -etc. as well as to deal in paper boxes and -stationery. The incorporators of the company are W. -E. Gallagher, A. B. Robertson and C. E. Cornell.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>LAURENTIDE POWER COMPANY.</h2> - -<p>An offering is being made of $1,500,000 Laurentide -Power bonds at 90 and interest.</p> - -<p>The segregation of the Laurentide (Paper) Company’s -water powers last year, to the Laurentide Power Company, -created a new and very powerful factor in the -hydro-electric situation in the Province of Quebec, and -particularly as regards Montreal.</p> - -<p>The new company was formed by the Laurentide -(Paper) Company, with a capitalization of $7,500,000 -of common shares, and the money derived from the sale -5% par value of first (closed) mortgage bonds, due -1946, and $10,500,000 of these securities was used to -finance the development of the water power to a -present capacity of 125,000 horse-power.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>CANADA’S PAPER EXPORTS.</h2> - -<p>In the year ended June 30, 1916, Canada’s exports of -paper were of a total value of $21,256,296, as against -$16,200,635 in the corresponding period in 1915. Of -this former amount $17,759,018 worth or more than the -total value of the 1915 export was sent to the United -States.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>CHEAPER DYES.</h2> - -<p>As a result of a discovery made at the Forest Products -Laboratory at Madison cheaper dyes are now -available in the United States. It has been found that -dyes made of osage orange wood are a commercial success -and can be placed on the market at a considerably -less cost than foreign-made dyes can be purchased. -Carloads of the wood are now in transit, consigned to -eastern extract plants.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p>The anti union Presbyterians are talking of establishing -a weekly paper to forward their cause. The -matter is being seriously taken up by the Publication -on Committee and the new paper will likely be a -weekly.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>WANT TO BUY DONNACONA.</h2> - -<p>According to a press despatch from Watertown, N.Y. -as the Pulp and Paper Magazine was going to press -the following story regarding the attempted purchase -of the Donnacona Paper Company appeared:—</p> - -<p>The Donnacona Paper Company, with mills located -at Donnacona, Quebec, thirty miles from Quebec City -in the St. Lawrence river, is the prize now sought by -the French syndicate of Parisian newspaper publishers -who failed some time ago to secure control of the -Remington Paper and Power Company’s group of mills -near here.</p> - -<p>The French interests were unable to get permission -from the Government boards of France to send money -from that country to the United States in time to close -the deal before their option expired.</p> - -<p>The Donnacona mills is a new mill, having been in -operation but a year. It has an output of one hundred -tons of paper a day. A feature that appeals to the -fact that pulpwood can be bought much cheaper in -Canada than on this side.</p> - -<p>G. H. P. Gould, paper mill magnate and owner of -the St. Regis and Gould Paper Companies, is president -of the Donnacona company, with Walter N. Kernan, of -New York, vice-president.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>AN AMERICAN VIEW</h2> - -<p>According to an American exchange the following -are the facts relating to Canada’s pulp and paper industry:—</p> - -<p>The new mills planned and in course of construction, -and the extensions to existing ones, will, if carried -out as intended, add a per-diem capacity of 840 -tons of newsprint before the end of 1918. During the -twelve months ended March last the amount of printing -paper exported was 463,204 tons, or at the rate of -1,544 tons per day, as compared with a tonnage of -292,579, or 975 tons per day, in the corresponding period -ended March, 1914.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>INTERNATIONAL PAPER INCREASES DIVIDEND</h2> - -<p>The International Paper Company doubled its dividend -last week by declaring a quarterly distribution of -1 per cent., or 4 per cent. per annum on the preferred -stock, as compared with the 2 per cent. annual rate -maintained since 1908. There is $22,407,000 of the -preferred outstanding.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>BUYING CANADIAN MILLS.</h2> - -<p>N. M. Jones of Bangor, Maine announces that at a -conference of capitalists in New York, from which he -has just returned, the sale of the largest pulp and -paper mill in the Canadian Maritime Provinces to a -syndicate of Maine and New York men was arranged. -The property, for which it is said $2,000,000 will be -paid includes mills at the Reversing Falls, near St. -John, N.B., and large timber lands in New Brunswick. -The syndicate includes Hugh Chisholm of -Portland, President of the Oxford Paper Company, and -Maynard S. Bird, also of Portland.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>PROTECT YOUR WIRE ROPE WHEN NOT IN USE.</h2> - -<p>When a shipment of wire rope is received and is not -to be placed immediately into service, see that it is -stored away in a place protected from the weather and -any acid fumes. It is advisable to coat the outside -layer of the reel or coil with a good lubricant.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img class="hidden" src="images/the-markets.jpg" width="500" height="75" alt="The Markets (decorative header)" /> -<h2 class="hidden"><i>The Markets</i></h2> -</div> - -<p class="center">(Special to Pulp & Paper Magazine.)</p> - -<h3>CANADIAN MARKETS</h3> - -<p>The news print situation is now the livest subject -among the trade and the seriousness of conditions is -being brought home to publishers as never before. The -mills are not as alleged by some responsible for it all. -While the war is unjustly charged with many ills in the -way of trade disturbances, to attribute the present -state of affairs entirely to the hostilities in Europe is -quite correct, so far as Canada is concerned. Hundreds -of men have joined the colors leaving most of the -plants short of help and owing to abnormal demand -and the embargoes which prevail, abroad—all due to -the war,—there is not enough of that very necessity -commodity—white paper—to go around. This in -brief is, the exact state of affairs. In the past Canadian -mills were looking for a market for their surplus -product and were glad to make contracts covering a -long period of time. News print was looked upon as -staple and the variation in price from year to year -was small indeed. Now the manufacturers do not -know which way to turn. They could sell as much -again as they are marketing if they had the productive -facilities but of late months they have not been able -to “pile up reserves”, as the banks state, and the stocks -on hand are rapidly diminishing.</p> - -<p>The average publisher has read a great deal about -this condition of affairs but as there have been so many -extravagant reports in all lines prevailing during this -stirring period, he did not think there was much truth -in the statement. It was only when the newspaper -men tried to renew contracts that he realized for the -first time he was face to face with a situation such as -he has never been up against. There is no use blaming -it on the mills. They have done the best they -could under most trying circumstances. They are running -their plants to full capacity and they have not unduly -taken advantage of the situation to boost prices -in Canada. The increase asked is infinitesimal to what -the makers can obtain for their product on the other -side.</p> - -<p>The story is going the rounds, and so far has not -been denied, that one of the big new plants of Canada -was approached by American interests who offered to -take the whole of its output for the coming year at -four and a half one cents at the mill but the proposition -flattering as it was, was turned down as the firm -would not under any circumstances break faith with -Canadian customers. Some sixty per cent. of the large -newspapers whose contracts are now being carried until -the end of the year and will have to be renewed are -on the anxious seat.</p> - -<p>A special meeting of the Canadian Press Association -was held in Toronto last week at which there was a -large attendance. The situation was thoroughly gone -into. The statement was made that the output in Canada -is now some eighteen hundred tons a day, yet only -one sixth is consumed in the Dominion, the bulk of the -product being exported to the United States. A deputation -was sent to Ottawa to interview the Minister of -Finance, Sir Thomas White. There representatives of -the pulp and paper interest were also assembled and -the whole situation was gone thoroughly into. The result -was that an offer was made by the news print -makers of three cents, f.o.b. mill. This applies to large -contracts and on smaller the figures may be higher. It -was pointed out by the paper manufacturers, that -everything entering into the production of news print -has gone up from 25 to four hundred per cent. and that -labor has advanced about twenty-five per cent.</p> - -<p>The upshot of the whole matter is that the newspaper -publishers and the mill operators have appointed such -committees which who will go exhaustively into the -problem. A joint meeting will be held at an early -date before R. W. Breadner, who is the tariff expert -for the Dominion and the question of supply, cost and -future outlook will be canvassed thoroughly. This -meeting will be held in Ottawa and if an amicable -arrangement cannot be reached, the federal authorities -may fix the selling price.</p> - -<p>One interesting statement was made at the conference -and that was if the fifty to sixty per cent. increase -went into effect on new contracts, it would mean -an annual extra cost to Canadian newspapers of about -two million dollars. One peculiar feature is that while -publishers are talking of increased cost of producing -papers the weekly newspaper men are the only ones -who have so far raised their subscription rates. The -increase is from one dollar to one dollar and half a -year. A few dailies that have been selling at three -dollars in the smaller cities have jumped their subscription -price to four dollars but the larger dailies still -continued to be delivered at the old price and the -wonder is why the proprietors do not raise the figure -for same.</p> - -<p>In the book and writing line prices are stiff and are -now fully fifty per cent. higher than they were a year -ago. The producers think there will be no further -raise for some months and in view of abnormal conditions -generally the users of these kinds of papers appear -to be satisfied that the mills are not asking too -much. Tissue plants are running away behind in orders -and have business enough on hand to keep them -going for the next four months even if no more orders -were placed with them. The jobbers report that business -is good and the demand for all lines of paper -keeps up well. There has been an advance on “B” -manilla but other lines of wrappings and kraft remain -unchanged.</p> - -<p>Ground wood pulp is in strong requisition and many -inquiries for the commodity can not be bought filled. -The price now quoted at the mill is from twenty-eight -dollars up and some deliveries in Wisconsin and other -states have brought as high as thirty-five dollars. Easy -bleaching sulphite is now sold at one hundred and -twenty dollars at the mill and some large business has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span> -been placed at this figure. Sulphate pulp is quoted -at one hundred and twenty dollars at the mill and is -going higher all the time. Very little is being offered.</p> - -<p>In the rag and paper stock market manilla, krafts, -whites and mixed papers are all in strong demand and -there is a good business being done. The market for -cotton and roofing rags is rather quiet. The outlook -for fall trade at firm prices is most promising.</p> - -<p>There has been an increase of a cent a pound on all -natural, bleached and half bleached grease proof. -Genuine vegetable parchment is now quoted from -twenty to twenty-five cents. It is likely that the latter -will be made in Ontario before very long. Since the -war broke out and certain mills turned their attention -to making specialties and former brands of paper that -have been imported, the manufacturers of these are -not sorry that they took the step. Their goods now -have achieved a fixed place in the favor of customers.</p> - -<p>Board of all kinds has taken a jump of about fifteen -per cent. and the mills are a way behind in their orders. -The following prices will prevail until the end of the -year and are based on the minimum quantity of car -load lots—grey folding pulp board $100; folding pulp -$90; pulp non bending $80; pulp non bending lined on -side $90; filled board plain $80; filled board lined one -side $85; filled board (chip mills) $78; jute, chip, straw -and straw chip $70; same lined one side $75.</p> - -<p>The following are the Toronto prices:</p> - -<h4>Paper.</h4> - -<table summary="Toronto prices, paper"> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">News (rolls) $3.00 up, at mill, in carload lots.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">News (sheets), $3.25 and higher for small lots, at mill, in carload lots.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">Book papers (carload), No. 3, $7.00.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">Book papers (ton lots), No. 3, 7.00c to 8.00c.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">Book papers (carload), No. 2, 8.50c to 9.00c.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">Book papers (ton lots), No. 2, 8.75c to 9.50c.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">Book papers (carload), No. 1, 9.00c to 9.75c.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">Book papers (ton lots), No. 1, 9.25c to 10.00c.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">Sulphite bonds, 11 cents up.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="2">Writings, 9 cents up.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Grey Browns</td><td class="tdr">$3.75 to $4.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fibre</td><td class="tdr">$6.50 to $7.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Manila, No. 1</td><td class="tdr">$7.00 to $8.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Manila, B.</td><td class="tdr">$5.00 to $6.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Unglazed Kraft</td><td class="tdr">$8.50 to $9.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Glazed Kraft</td><td class="tdr">$9.00 to 10.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tissues, bleached</td><td class="tdr">$1.60 to $2.30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tissues, (manila or white sulphite)</td><td class="tdr">$1.20 to $1.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tissues, cap.</td><td class="tdr">80c to $1.15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Natural, greaseproof</td><td class="tdr">13c to 18c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Half Bleached Greaseproof</td><td class="tdr">15c to 19c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bleached greaseproof</td><td class="tdr">17c to 21c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Genuine Vegetable Parchment</td><td class="tdr">22c to 25c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Drug papers, whites and tints</td><td class="tdr">9c to 12c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Paper bags, Manila</td><td class="tdr">30% discount.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Paper bags, kraft</td><td class="tdr">15% discount.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Confectionery bags</td><td class="tdr">15% discount.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h4>Pulp.</h4> - -<table summary="Toronto prices, pulp"> - <tr> - <th></th><th>F.O.B. Mill.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ground woodpulp</td><td class="tdr">$31.00 to $32.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Easy Bleaching Sulphite</td><td class="tdr">6c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sulphite, news grade</td><td class="tdr">5c to 5½c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sulphite (bleached)</td><td class="tdr">8c to 8½c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sulphate</td><td class="tdr">6c</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h4>Paper Stock</h4> - -<table summary="Toronto prices, paper stock"> - <tr> - <td>No. 1 hard shavings</td><td class="tdr">$4.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 1 soft white shavings</td><td class="tdr">$3.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 1 mixed shavings</td><td class="tdr">80c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>White blanks</td><td class="tdr">$1.35</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Heavy ledger stock</td><td class="tdr">$2.35</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 1 book stock</td><td class="tdr">$1.57½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 1 Manila envelope cuttings</td><td class="tdr">$2.20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 1 print Manilas</td><td class="tdr">$1.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Folded news</td><td class="tdr">77½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Over issues</td><td class="tdr">77½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 1 clean mixed paper</td><td class="tdr">65c</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Old white cotton</td><td class="tdr">$4.65</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Thirds and blue</td><td class="tdr">$2.75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 1 white shirt cuttings</td><td class="tdr">$7.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Black overall cuttings</td><td class="tdr">$2.75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New light flannelettes</td><td class="tdr">$5.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ordinary satinets and flock</td><td class="tdr">$2.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Tailor Rags</td><td class="tdr">$1.90</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3>MONTREAL MARKETS.</h3> - -<h4>Book—News—Writing and Posters.</h4> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Roll News, $3.00 for carloads proportionate increase -on small lots.</p> - -<p>Sheet News, $3.25 carloads, $3.50 up small lots.</p> - -<p>No. 1 Book, 7.50 to 8.25.</p> - -<p>No. 2 Book S.C., 6.50 in large quantities; 7.25 in small -quantities.</p> - -<p>No. 3 Book F.M., 6.00 in large quantities; 6.75 in -small quantities.</p> - -<p>Writings, 6.95 to 10.</p> - -<p>Writing Manila, 6.95.</p> - -<p>Cover papers, 11 to 14½c, according to colors wanted.</p> - -<p>Colored Poster, 6½ to 7½c.</p> - -</div> - -<p>An extra charge of 10c per 100 lbs. will be made -when Book Papers are packed in frames, and 15c per -100 lbs. when packed in cases.</p> - -<h4>Wrapping Papers.</h4> - -<p>The following are the new prices on wrappings, effective -immediately:</p> - -<table summary="Montreal prices, wrappings"> - <tr> - <th></th><th>Car lots.</th><th>1-ton lots.</th><th>Small lots.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Beaver, Brown wrap 100 lbs.</td><td class="tdr">4.00</td><td class="tdr">4.25</td><td class="tdr">4.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 2 Manila (present stock) 100 lbs.</td><td class="tdr">4.00</td><td class="tdr">4.25</td><td class="tdr">4.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Samson B., 100 lbs.</td><td class="tdr">5.25</td><td class="tdr">5.60</td><td class="tdr">6.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. Manila, Invincible Fibre, 100 lbs.</td><td class="tdr">5.50</td><td class="tdr">5.85</td><td class="tdr">6.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td colspan="4">Fibre lighter than basis 24×36—40, down to 24×36—30, 5 per cent. extra. This is in addition to the usual extra.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>White Wray, Cleaver, 100 lb.</td><td class="tdr">3.40</td><td class="tdr">3.65</td><td class="tdr">3.90</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>DYES AND EYE FATIGUE.</h2> - -<p>The shortage of dyestuffs since the war has led to -newsprint and some other papers being made of “natural” -darker shade of color, and the Madison laboratory -has been investigating the question of whether -this darker color produces any additional eye strain or -eye fatigue. The investigations show that it does not. -This is in line with the generally-held opinion previously -that eye fatigue would be even less where paper -was not brilliantly white, on account of the lessened -contrast between the ink and paper.</p> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pulp and Paper Magazine, Vol. XIII, -No. 20, October 15, 1916, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PULP AND PAPER MAGAZINE, OCT 15, 1916 *** - -***** This file should be named 52931-h.htm or 52931-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/2/9/3/52931/ - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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