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diff --git a/old/53755-0.txt b/old/53755-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2073246..0000000 --- a/old/53755-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9160 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Taleef Shereef, by Muhammad Sharif Khan - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Taleef Shereef - Or, Indian Materia Medica - -Author: Muhammad Sharif Khan - -Release Date: December 18, 2016 [eBook #53755] -[Most recently updated: February 17, 2021] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TALEEF SHEREEF *** - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTICE - -The medical knowledge represented in this book is several centuries -old. The publication of this book is for historical interest only, -and is not to be construed as medical advice by Project Gutenberg -or its volunteers. Medicinal plants should not be used without -consulting a trained medical professional. Medical science has made -considerable progress since this book was written. Recommendations -or prescriptions have been superseded by better alternatives, or -invalidated altogether. This book contains a number of prescriptions -that are very dangerous. - - - - - THE - - TALEEF SHEREEF, - - OR - - INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA; - - TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL. - - BY - - GEORGE PLAYFAIR, Esq. - - SUPERINTENDING SURGEON, BENGAL SERVICE. - - - - PUBLISHED BY - - The Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta. - - Calcutta: - - PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, CIRCULAR ROAD. - SOLD BY MESSRS. THACKER & CO. CALCUTTA; & BY MESSRS. PARBURY, ALLEN - & CO. - 1833. - - - - - - - - -TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE. - - -In the course of a practice of upwards of twenty-six years in India, -I have often had occasion to regret, that I had no publication to -guide me, in my wish to become acquainted with the properties of -native medicines, which I had frequently seen, in the hands of the -Physicians of Hindoostan, productive of the most beneficial effects -in many diseases, for the cure of which our Pharmacopeia supplied no -adequate remedy; and the few which I had an opportunity of becoming -acquainted with, so far exceeded my expectations, that I determined -to make a Translation of the present work, for my own gratification -and future guidance. - -Having finished the translation, I became convinced, that I should -not have fulfilled the whole of my duty if I did not make it public; -and ill calculated as I know myself for such an undertaking, I have -ventured to offer it to the world, with all its imperfections. - -Conscious, that the liberal minded will give me credit for the best -of motives, I shall not dread criticism; and if it has the effect -of inducing those more competent to the task to an inquiry into -the properties of native medicines, my views will have been fully -accomplished. - -In writing the names of the different medicines, I have followed the -Author's example, and have been guided solely by the pronunciation, -without altering the sound given to the letters in English, and have -not borrowed a single name from any work of Oriental literature. In -this I may have acted wrong, but I did so from the conviction, that by -this method, the names would be more familiar, and better understood, -by the Natives in researches after the different drugs. - -I have inserted as many of the systematic names as I could trace, -both from Dr. Fleming's work, and those of others; but I regret, -that I was not honored in the acquaintance of any Botanist who could -have assisted me with more. - -To the youth of the profession, I trust the work may be acceptable, by -leading them to the knowledge, that such medicines are in existence; -and my medical brethren of the higher grades may not deem further -inquiry into the properties of native drugs beneath their notice. - -To the profession at large, then, I beg leave to dedicate this -Translation, with the hope, that they will make due allowance for -all faults, and that some of the more experienced will favor us with -another and better edition. - -To my respected friends Messrs. Wilson and Twining, the profession is -indebted, that this little work ever saw light; and though they are -godfathers to none of its errors, yet without their encouragement and -aid, it must have slumbered in oblivion, and remained as was intended, -(after the failure of an attempt on the part of the translator,) -a manual for his own private use. - - - - - - - - -GLOSSARY. - - -Acouta, Herpes. -Aruk, Distilled liquid. -Boolbul, Indian Nightingale. -Badgola, Splenitis. -Coir, Fibrous substance surrounding the Cocoanut. -Daad, Impetigo. -Dhats, Component parts of the human frame. -Elaous, Disease of the Intestines. Introsusception. -Fetuck, Hernia. -Goor, Unrefined Sugar. -Juzam, Black Leprosy. -Jow, Barley. -Junglie Chuha, The Forest Rat. -Khoonadeer, Khoonazeer? Lupus, Cancer. -Kunzeer, Cancer. -Mootiabin, Total blindness, Gutta Serena. -Naringee, The Orange. -Nachoona, Opacity of the Cornea. -Neela Totha, Sulphate of Copper. -Nuffsoodum, HÊmoptysis. -Pilau, Poolau, Dish made of meat and rice, seasoned with spices. -Peshanee, The Forehead. -Paddy, Rice in the husk. -Panroque, Cold with Fever, also Jaundice. -Peendie, A formula for females. -Paan, A leaf, chewed by the Natives, with Catechu, Betel, - and Lime. -Raal, Gum Resin. -Rajerogue, Carbuncle. -Soonpat, Loss of sensation in parts of the body. -Soorkhbad, Erythema. - - - - - - - - - THE TALEEF SHEREEF, - OR - INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA. - - TRANSLATED FROM - THE ORIGINAL, WITH ADDITIONS. - - -1 Am, Ambe, Anbe.--The Fruit, Mangifera Indica. - -The produce of a large tree very common in Hindostan. The fruit is -about the size of, and very much resembling in shape, a goat's kidney, -and having the external appearance of an apple. When ripe, it sometimes -retains the green color, but oftener becomes yellow, or red and yellow. - -The virtues ascribed to this tree, are as follows:--The bruised -leaves and young shoots applied to the hair, expedite its growth, -and considerably darken its color. - -The bark of the trunk of the tree, and of its roots, is cooling and -astringent; the former powerfully so. The leaves are astringent, -and promote digestion; their ashes styptic. - -The young flowers are cool and drying; have a pleasant aromatic scent, -and when taken internally, are cooling and astringent; recommended -for the cure of chronic Gonorrhoea or Gleet, purulent expectoration, -bilious foulness of the blood and boils. The young unripe fruit has -much acidity, and is drying; moderately used, it increases all the -animal secretions, and is beneficial in chronic affections of the -liver; it promotes appetite, and is lithonthriptic. The fruit, when -ripe, is sweet, cooling, mucilaginous and heavy, tending to allay -thirst, and useful in nervous affections; strengthens the system, -restores impaired appetite, (is said to moderate an increased secretion -of bile,) and improves the complexion. The fruit is of various sizes, -from a few drachms to a pound weight; but it is usually met with -weighing about 4 ounces. It becomes acid about a month after the fall -of the flower, in which state it is used as preserves, such as jellies, -pickles, &c.; at this time, too, it is used as seasoning for Pilaus, -and other dishes; for when the stone or kernel has become hard, it -is no longer fit for these purposes. When the fruit has attained its -full growth, and when nearly ripe, it is to be taken from the tree, -and put into dry grass, straw, or the leaves of the Palass tree, and -there allowed to become ripe; this process deprives it of all acidity, -and also prevents the formation of a resinous gum, which it contracts -when allowed to ripen on the tree, and which renders it too pungent -to be eaten with relish. - -The fruit is in perfection in the hot winds, and when the rains -commence, it ripens very fast; before the cold weather it is usually -out of season. - -There are some trees that blossom the whole year, and some few that -even produce fruit; but instances of this are very rare. - -There is a variety of this tree on which the fruit is sweet from its -first formation; this requires to be used early, otherwise it will -in all probability become a prey to insects. - -Some trees produce fruit only once in 4 years. In general, it produces -fruit in abundance every second year, and less in the alternate year; -some are even perfectly barren every alternate year. - -There is a mode of manuring this tree, which it is said improves -the flavour of the fruit greatly; this is mixing the juice of its -fruit with milk, and pouring it over the roots. It is also said to -be possible to communicate the flavor of any particular fruit to the -mangoe, by its expressed juice being made use of, as an application -to the roots of the tree. - -The kernel of the mangoe, roasted, is pleasant to the taste, and -grateful to the stomach; it is much recommended in laxities of the -bowels, and strengthens the primÊ viÊ; water drank after having eat -of this kernel, seems to possess a flavor peculiarly excellent. The -usual mode of preparing them, is to allow them to remain exposed to -the rains, till the shell shall have become decayed; by this process -it is deprived of any heating or irritating property. Prepared in this -manner, and kept a short time in lime juice, taken out, bruised and -mixed with salt, fennel, &c, it is much extolled for strengthening -the stomach, and promoting digestion. - -If preserved for 3 years, pounded, and swallowed to the quantity of a -tolah, with a little water, no medicine is preferable for strengthening -bowels habitually lax. - -In the acid state, the fruit is very prejudicial to those who have -any disorders in their teeth, a cough, an affection of the chest, or -who are subject to cholicky pain in the bowels, but very beneficial -when used in irritable habits. The best method of using them is -this. The acid unripe fruit, after the outer rind has been peeled -off, is to be cut into thin slices, and infused for some hours in -water; this water so impregnated, is to be drained off, mixed with -a sufficient proportion of sugar, and used as sherbet. It produces a -great relish for food, and is in other respects beneficial. The same -effects are produced by the unripe fruit, being roasted and allowed to -remain in water, as above mentioned. It is recommended in paralysis, -from coup de vent. Many physicians have considered the mangoe to be -of a cooling nature, but, in my opinion, it is heating in all its -stages. The Yunani physicians have stated the ripe fruit to be hot -in the 2d, and dry in the 3d degree. - -Its virtues may be described in a few words. It strengthens the -system, gives tone to the kidnies, restores impaired appetite, &c. It -is aperient, improves the complexion, beneficial in piles, an useful -deobstruent, braces and increases the bulk of the solids, and removes -nervous affections. In some of these disorders I am inclined to doubt -of its good effects, but such virtues are attributed to it. It is -recommended, in order to prevent any bad effects from the fruit in -its unripe state, that raisins be eaten with it. Hukeem Alwee Khan, -a man of eminence in his profession in the reign of Mahommed Shah, -says, that if ever this fruit disagreed with the system, it must have -been eaten when unripe or green. - -I had occasion to attend a gentleman of very high rank, who laboured -under dropsy; I cured him of the disease, but 3 years afterwards, -having eaten a large quantity of mangoes, the disease returned, -and I have observed the same effects in other cases. - -Hukeem Alli Mughphoor, physician, states, that influenced by the -resemblance of the mangoe to the human kidney, he concluded that -it must be beneficial in that organ, (disorders of;) he therefore -prescribed it in a case of hectic fever, arising from diseased kidney, -and completely cured the disease. In this I differ from him entirely; -he must have mistaken the nature of the complaint, for a remedy given -expressly for the cure of a disease in the kidney, could not, at the -same time, have removed the fever, excepting appropriate medicines -had been administered along with it!! - -The best mangoes are those having a thin juice, sweet and free from -fibres; and they ought to be cooled in water or in ice, especially -during the hot weather. It is preferable to use the juice of the fruit -without eating any of the fibrous parts; a neglect of this may produce -various disorders, such as indigestion, cholicky pains, &c. It is very -common to eat the expressed juice, mixed with sugar and other things, -with rice, or with bread, but this is great imprudence; for in the -most healthy subjects it may produce nausea, and general uneasiness. - -Should any ill effects follow the use of the mangoe, milk, or the -kernel of the fruit, will be found a corrector. My father's opinion -is, that these are not the only remedies; for if it produces any -heating effect, curdled milk will give relief, or even cold water, -or acidulated sherbet, and he himself was always in the habit of -using the Phalsa sherbet on these occasions. - -Should cholic be produced, the Oil of Almonds or other sweet oils, -will remove the complaint; and a diarrhoea is to be cured by the use of -the kernel; and a swelling of the abdomen, by milk, in which a little -ginger has been mixed; or even ginger by itself will have the effect - -A substitute for mangoe, as a medicine, may be had in Chobe Cheenee. - -In general, it will be adviseable to abstain from the use of the -mangoe, till 2 or 3 showers of rain have fallen; but those of a -cold phlegmatic or melancholic temperament do not require to be -so particular. - -Those for whose complaints mangoes have been recommended, have in a -few months derived great benefit from their use, by eating them with -camel's milk. There are many kinds of this fruit, and their names -are as various; but the stronger the scent, the more effectual they -are as a medicine. In Persian it is called Nugzuck. - -2 Aramsheetul.--Pungent and cooling; useful in bilious and catarrhal -complaints; also recommended in foulness of the blood. - -3 Akaholie.--Vermifuge, also recommended in bilious and catarrhal -disorders, in seminal weakness and gonorrhoea. - -4 Adki.--Vide Arhir. - -5 Anula. (nasal N.)--Or Amle, (Phyllanthus emblica, W. Murray IV. 127, -Myrobolans.) The fruit round, like a plum. The tree like that of the -tamarind, of a pleasant acid, and sweetish astringent taste. It is -aperient, cooling, and drying; of great use in eruptions of the skin, -arising from a redundance of bile. Other virtues ascribed to this -fruit may be found in all Yunani works. It is also called Bidjee and -Dhatri Phill, used by the natives for cleansing the hair. - -6 Aru.--A variety of plum, much resembling the common sort, both in -the tree and fruit; it however possesses more acidity, and is less -easy of digestion. - -7 Abi.--Pyrus Cidonia. The Quince; slightly astringent, and cool in -a great degree; heavy and difficult of digestion, yet it is gently -laxative and expectorant, and is recommended for strengthening the -powers of virility. In Arabic Siffirjill, Persian Behi. - -8 Aak.--Arug, Mudar, Asclepias gigantea. A milky shrub, very common -all over India; its pod resembles a mangoe, but rather longer in -proportion: when ripe it breaks, and is found filled with a white -substance, resembling silk, to which the seeds are fixed. The leaves -of the plant resemble the Dak, but are somewhat smaller: its height is -generally from 1 to 1 1/2 yard; when its leaves or stalk are broken, -a white milky liquid exudes. There are two kinds, white and red; -both are purgatives, violently so. It is said to be beneficial in -the following disorders. Foulness of the blood, bilious affections, -Juzam, Psora, ZÊrbad, boils, cuticular eruptions, diseases of the -liver, visceral obstructions, hÊmorrhoids, all internal diseases, -dropsy and worms. - -("Many and wonderful virtues are ascribed to this plant; but I must -refer those who have faith in charms to the original Taleef Shereef, -when their curiosity will be amply gratified." Translator.) - -All the above virtues have been ascribed to this plant; my opinion -is, that the application of the leaves is useful in swellings, -promotes suppuration in indolent tumors, and cures eruptions on the -skin. The milk blisters, and if applied to the eye, it produces -swelling, itchiness, and loss of vision. The powder of the root, -mixed with goat's blood and fresh butter, and applied to the eye, -is said materially to strengthen vision. In other works it is said, -that the milk of every variety of this plant is poisonous, and -violently cathartic. - -9 Aal.--Vide Mujeet, Rubia, Madder, a wood used for dyeing a red -color, and forming a principal article of commerce in some parts of -India. In the "Dhara Shakoi" it is called Mujeet, but I suspect that -they are different plants, as the Mujeet is thin, and of a fine red -color; whereas the Aal is blackish, with a tinge of yellow, though -not thicker than the other. - -10 Aditt Bagut.--In Persian, Aftab Perust, Helianthus Annuus. The -sun-flower; the name of a flower called also Soorujmookee. The -stem grows straight about a man's height; the leaves are broad and -triangular, the flower circular, flat and yellow, with serrated edges, -and it is said to follow the sun in his diurnal progress. There are -two kinds, a small and greater; their medical properties the same; -they are bitter to the taste, and heating in a considerable degree. It -is beneficial in cholicks, dropsical affections, foulness of stomach, -and rheumatism; it also improves appetite, and promotes expectoration -in cases of cold, accompanied by fever. - -11 Area.--A culinary fruit resembling the cucumber, and grows in -the rainy season; it is so cooling that it produces pains all over -the body; it is moreover difficult of digestion, and if taken in any -quantity produces fever. - -12 Anwul (Nasal).--A large tree very common in India, which when -in flower, has a very beautiful appearance; its flowers are yellow, -resembling those of the Cassia. There are two kinds of this, one called -Mahedi Anwul. Of this also there are two varieties. It is cooling, and -the medicinal properties of all varieties are the same. It is used with -good effect in bilious vomitings, and also in leprous affections of the -skin. It is recommended in weakness of the eyes, asthma, affections -of the chest, and foulness of blood. It strengthens the weak and -emaciated, and braces the solids when relaxed by disease or otherwise. - -13 Aruk.--This name is indiscriminately given to four different kinds -of trees; Nowa, Cutel, Burhil and Taar. - -14 Aloo (Bochara).--A kind of plum. - -15 Abnoos (Ebony).--A large tree, producing a sweet fruit like -grapes. Its leaves resemble those of the Sinobir, but are somewhat -broader: it is an evergreen, and its wood is, when good and full-grown, -dark-colored and durable; its leaves are smooth and glassy; its -properties said to be very active and deleterious; it is heating in -a considerable degree, and is said to be lithonthriptic. It dispels -flatulency, and cures tympanites. It is recommended in chronic -affections of the liver. Filings or raspings of the wood are styptic, -and its charcoal more so; a decoction of the wood, in spirits, is very -effectual in discussing scrophulous tumours, when externally applied. - -The raspings of the wood, mixed with whites of eggs, is an excellent -application to scalds and burns; they are also famed for cleaning -deep foul ulcers, and inducing the growth of healthy granulation. - -Taken internally, the dose is 10 1/2 Mashas, and should it disagree -with the stomach, which it often does, honey, or Gum Arabic, with -sweet basil, are correctors. The large Baer Tree, (Konar), is a good -substitute for the Abnoos; quality, hot 3, dry 2. Persian Awnoos. - -16 Anbihildee.--Curcuma zedoaria, (Rox.) Amomum Zed. Wildenow. An -Indian root, hot and dry in the 2d degree; useful in herpes, and -foulness of the blood, and much esteemed as an external application -in wounds and bruises, for which it is also internally exhibited: -orange juice used as a vehicle, corrects, in some degree, its heating -quality; or if this be not procurable, Bapahic, or the seed of the -Penwur, or Turmeric, will have the same effect; the medicine may be -given to the quantity of 3 1/2 Masha. - -17 Apurjeeta.--Clitoria ternatea, Crow's beak, a twining shrub. The -natives call it Kowwa Thontee, which literally signifies crow's -beak, also Neelisbund; the plant is about a foot and a half high, -and sometimes less, resembling the Cungheiy, only the leaves of the -latter are smooth and polished, while those of the former are rough and -hard; both the Apurjeeta and the variety Neelisbund, are cooling. It is -beneficial in weakness of sight, in clearing the voice and soreness of -the throat, and is useful in the poisonous bites of leeches. It is also -of use in rheumatic affections of the joints, Juzam, bilious disorders, -mucous discharge from the lungs or bowels; it allays general heat, -and is said to be an antidote to certain poisonous substances, and -of great efficacy in hard indolent tumours, and affections of the skin. - -18 Abruc.--Talc, A fossil substance, beneficial in seminal weakness, -redundance of bile, mucus, &c. An antidote to poison. The physicians -of Hindostan prepare it for use by calcination. Arabic, Tulk. - -19 Abhea.--A name for Hurr; it also signifies the water of life, -and a medicine called Guloe. - -20 Aotungun.--A very common seed, resembling coriander. In powder -it is recommended as giving strength to the system, and rendering -Aphrodisie more permanent. It is a very favorite medicine in India. It -is, moreover, useful in Nephritia and liver complaints, and it is very -innocent in its operation. Some physicians describe it as hot and dry, -in a considerable degree, and disagreeing with the stomach; they, -therefore, recommend it to be taken with a proportion of sugar. In -all its properties the Maadentezerrubad states the Bonphilly to be -nearly the same; dose 4 1/4 Mashas. - -21 Atees.--The root. Of this there are two kinds, a white and black, -and both are very common. The white kind resembles the Jedwaar; the -root is very irregular in thickness. It frequently is found resembling -the white Bahmen. Both kinds are bitter, astringent, pungent, and -heating; aiding digestion, useful in dysentery, vomiting, and piles. - -22 Adjmode.--Bishop's Weed, Sisson Ammi, (Linn.) Amoos, (Arab.) Ajooan, -(Hind.) Nemkha, P. Ajamodum, S. A hot seed, stomachic cordial and -stimulant. (Ajmood, Parsley? Taylor. Apium Involucratum.) Apium -Involucratum, Rox. M. S. "Sp. Ch. Annual, glaucous, villous, superior -leaflets filiform, both general and partial, involucra, about 6 -leaved." Bitter and pungent, light and heating, increases appetite, -induces costiveness, and strengthens the vital energy; increases -the seminal secretion, and removes pains and other disorders, -the consequence of colds; beneficial in nausea, is vermifuge, -relieves hiccup, and is useful in Dysuria, but it produces heat in -the abdomen. It is called Curufs, but it is only a variety of this, -and is something betwixt that and Aniseed, though this may be owing -to the difference of cultivation. - -23 Adjwain.--"Anise Seed. In Arabic, Aneesoon. Pimpinella Anisum, Linn. - -"Ujwain. The seed of a plant of the Dill kind, Taylor. Ligusticum -Adjwaen, Roxb. Sp. Ch. annual, erect, leaves super de compound, -with filiform leaflets, ridges and furrows of the seeds distinct -and scabrous. This is what is recommended to notice by Dr. Percival, -under the name Ajava seed." - -A species of the above, of which there are two kinds, one of which is -called Juhar; both are bitter, pungent, and aromatic; it resembles the -Ajmode, but is smaller, and has a strong aromatic scent. It assists -digestion, improves appetite, is useful in rheumatism and catarrhal -affections; is vermifuge, beneficial in dropsy, dispels flatulence, -and is highly extolled in flatulent cholic. A. Nanchoa. - - -24 Adjwain. 25 Khorasanee. "Hyosciamus niger, Linn. Black -Henbane. Narcotic. Corrector, Vinegar." - -This plant grows thick from the root, and is covered with a hairy -down. The seeds are contained within a hard thick shell, and the -leaves are like those of the pomegranate flower. The pod is filled -with seeds of a small irregular shape. There is a plant called Hulbeh, -which resembles this, but is smaller. A. Buzurulbunje. - -26 Adjan.--Or Adjain, a large tree, with wide spreading branches, -in size approaching that of the mangoe; its leaves growing close, -and also resembling those of the mangoe tree, but longer and thinner; -the fruit is about 1 1/2 foot long, and very thin. - -27 Akhroat.--"The Walnut, Juglans regia, Linn." This is a native -of hilly countries; its leaves are like the Terpat; the fruit is -sweet to the taste, heating, and heavy; it loosens the bowels, and -restores strength; it is useful in rheumatic affections, increases -mental energy and the powers of manhood, and gives relief in flying -pains in the stomach. A. Jouz. - -28 Andaluck.--A kind of grain. - -29 Aderuck.--"Ginger, Amomum zinziber, Linn. Amomum zinziber, -Wild. Adraca, S. Sonth (dried root,) H. Sunthi, S." A very common root, -the stem of which is knotty, and from every knot, a leaf is produced; -it is hot and heavy; promotes digestion if eaten before meals, mixed -with Lahore salt, (rock salt;) it prevents flatulent swellings in -the stomach and bowels. P. Zinzibeel tur. It is much extolled as a -stomachic when prepared as sweetmeats; but if the syrup be allowed to -dry, it spoils, becomes less grateful to the taste, and its heating -quality is much increased. - -30 Arnee.--The name of a tree, in height that of the Peach tree, but -it is full of branches from the root upwards, and the leaves are like -those of the Sumhaloo; it is heating, and beneficial in rheumatic -complaints and swellings from cold. In the Dhintri it is described -as oleaginous and heavy; effectual in Jaundice, increasing appetite, -loosening the bowels, and removing flatulence. - -31 Arhir or Toor.--"Cytisus cajan." Some consider these as distinct -species, but in my opinion Toor is only Arhir in an overgrown -state. The plant grows to the height of a yard and half; and the -taste of the pea of the Arhir is preferable to that of the Toor. Toor -is sown and cut down at the same time as the sugar-cane; whereas the -Arhir is sown, and cut with the barley. The pod of the Toor is larger -than that of the Arhir; and the former has an unpleasant smell, which -is wanting in the latter; they are both used very commonly as food, -all over India. It is in its properties cool and dry, and produces -costiveness; it is useful in bilious and catarrhal disorders, -and in foulness of the blood. It is even said to be an antidote -to poisons. In its taste it is sweet, like that of the Cassela. I -conceive it hot in the 2d, and dry in the 3d degree, and recommend it -for strengthening the stomach. When used as food it is heavy; but is -beneficial in complaints having their origin in cold. If twice scalded -in hot water, before it is boiled, it will cause less thirst; and if -boiled in milk, or whey, it becomes less heating. A decoction of the -leaves is recommended as a wash for the mouth, in cases of toothache, -and diseases of the teeth. P. Shakool. - -32 Aord, or Aort, or Mash..--vide M. (Phaseolus Max.) - -33 Arne'.--The wild buffaloe. Its flesh recommended in -Marasmus. P. Gowmeche Serhaie. - -34 Arnd.--"The Castor, Ricinus communis, W. Palma Christi." Wildenow -says, "Planta semper annua, nunquam fructicosa vel arborea, nec in -calidissimis terrÊ plagis liguescit." But this is incorrect; for the -plant is perennial, and becomes a moderate sized tree. The natives, -however, have a prejudice against allowing it to grow beyond 3 or -4 years, and even this is only in solitary places. The chief reason -I fancy is, that it interferes with the cultivation of the soil, if -permitted to remain. They usually sow it with grain, and reap the grain -crop before it has attained its full height; this they can do annually, -but seed sown under its shelter the second year, would not succeed. - -A shrub, with broad soft leaves, like the fig tree; it grows about 6 -or 8 feet in height; the root is hollow, and without flaw or wrinkle; -the seed grows in bunches like grapes, and the shell of the pod, -which resembles gall-nuts, is covered with soft prickles. The seed is -like the coffee bean, and is stained with different colored spots, -so as to appear like marbled paper; the kernel is white, soft, and -oleaginous. There are two kinds of this; one with a red, the other -with a green pod; the former is culled Jongia Arnde; both varieties -are sweet, heating, and heavy. The oil of the kernel is useful in -removing obstinate constrictions of the intestines, when given warm; -also in flatulency; rheumatic swellings of the joints and lumbago; -in strangury, spasms in the urinary bladder, headaches, dropsy, and -feverish complaints. It is also recommended as an expectorant in -difficulty of breathing, and in cough; in affections of the skin, -and in superabundance of mucus in the intestines. It is a warm, -stimulating purgative; the dose one or two table spoonsful. Both -my father, uncle, and I, have used it with great success, in cases -of obstinate cholic from costiveness. They also used the leaves -moistened with ghee, as an external application in rheumatic pains -and swellings. If the seeds are bruised, and mixed with curdled milk, -and allowed to remain in this state till they become putrid, they form -an excellent application for the cure of itch, and usually succeed -in 7 or 8 days. It has also been said, that if one of the kernels -be taken at first, and daily increased by one, till 100 are taken, -and then decreased in the same gradual manner, it will cure Juzam, -and other kinds of Leprosy. - -35 Arusa.--A name for the Baan Tree; vide Bansa. In the -Maadentezerrubad, it is thus described:--Arusa is a medicine of -Hindoostan, hot and moist, or in the opinion of some writers, -cool and moist, in the 2d degree: half an ounce of the juice, -with as much honey, is a cure for hoarseness, or loss of voice; -and used with the fruit of the Peepul tree, it increases appetite, -and corrects mucous discharges. A decoction of the leaves in water, -is useful in Jaundice, difficulty of breathing, Gonorrhoea, and hectic -fever. As a gargle it strengthens the gums; and the leaves bruised, -and taken in honey or water, cure Epistaxis, Hoematemesis, Nausea, -Vertigo, and Suppression of the menses. - -36 Arjun.--A tree, also the fruit; hot and astringent; useful in -bilious affections, and in prostration of strength from fatigue, and an -antidote to poisons. Its use is interdicted in disorders arising from -cold; also in ulcers: but externally applied it cleanseth foul sores, -and promotes healthy granulation. It prolongs Aphrodisia, strengthens -the system, and expedites the union of divided parts. Some physicians -call it cooling. Pentaptera Arjuna. - -37 Arloo, Catoombura, or Sheunag,.--The name of a tree, a native -of the hills; it is pungent, beneficial in loosening phlegm, and -promoting appetite; it produces costiveness, and is vermifuge, and -recommended in Juzam. It is an ingredient in the Dusmool. - -38 Arvie, or Arum Colocasia,.--A root and seed. It is about 3 inches -long, more or less, and when the outer rind is removed it is white. Its -stem is about 3 feet in height; its leaves large like a shield, -with the points reflected; in consistence and polish it is like -the plaintain leaf. It is also called Cutchaloo, but the different -names are only applied with propriety to different parts of the same -root; the Cutchaloo being more like a Byngun or Egg-plant. They are -both in general use in India. The Arvie is dressed with meat, and -the Cutchaloo is roasted; the leaves and shoots are also commonly -eaten. Its properties, I can declare from experience, are in a small -degree cool; and it is useful in giving strength to the system; -prevents the involuntary emission of semen; it produces wind, and is -heavy and hurtful to the throat Its corrector is acids, and being -repeatedly washed in water. The Cutchaloo is the most powerful, -and the most hurtful of the two kinds. A. Culdass, at least it is -so stated; but in the Yunani works, there is a material difference; -as the Culdass is described, therefore, it is doubtful to me whether -they are one and the same. - -39 Armeede,.--A kind of cucumber. - -40 Aorde Gunta.--A kind of Satawur. - -41 Aistullkund.--The name of a root; also called Gir‡mkund; also a -variety of the medicine Maankund: it promotes phlegm, and corrects -bile and wind; it is also useful in foulness of the blood and general -swellings. The other kind is useful in foulness of blood, and in -bilious affections; it is sweet, cool, and heavy. It is likewise -called IstolÈkund. - -42 Asperuck.--A name for AklÈel ul Mulk. - -43 Asgund.--Physalis flexuosa. A very common white root, also -called Asgund'h, about half a yard long, like the sweet potatoe, -(Convolvulus batatas.) When thin and dry, it resembles the Sh˙k·kul -mysrie, (carrot;) its leaves are very like those of the kuth, (Mimosa -catechu,) but rather less. It grows about a yard along the ground; its -taste is astringent and bitter; it is hot, and strengthens the powers -of virility; removes bilious and mucous affections; is beneficial in -general swellings, and white leprosy. - -Some give this name to the Kaknej, or Winter Cherry. In the -Maadentezerrubad, it is thus described. Asgund is a medicine of -Hindoostan; the best sort of which is procurable at Nagour. It is hot -and dry in the 1st degree. The people of India use in its stead, the -Soorinjan, (the Hermodactylus.) It is especially beneficial in pains of -the joints. The root, when arrived at perfection, has a strong scent of -the horse; from which circumstance it has in India, derived its name; -Asp, signifying the horse, and Gund, smell: it is also called Bajecund. - -If 3 drachms of the root be boiled in 2 pounds of cow's milk, and 1 -ounce of sugar mixed with it, and this taken for 14 days, it increases -peculiar secretions, and improves the complexion. - -44 Asphill.--Padmunie, a variety of Kunwul. The Lotus, (NymphÊa -Nelumbo,) which is produced on dry land. It is sweet, bitterish, -and cool; is useful in vomiting, Diarrhoea, and foulness of the blood. - -45 Astull.--Bunt‡ki, a name for Buratha; it means a large Byngun, -or Egg-fruit; the plant being the same. - -46 Aspurka.--Cool and light; promotes peculiar secretions, and -is useful in various disorders: it removes offensive exhalations; -moderates profuse sweats; is beneficial in dropsy; restores strength; -cures emaciation; and is an antidote to poisons. - -47 Aoshire.--Kuss kuss. Ooseer? Andropogon muricatum, Koenig. A -name for Kuss kuss. In the Dara Shekoi, it is called Aosire, and is -described as the root of the grass kuss, with which houses are made -cool in the hot weather. It is cool, and assists digestion, cures -laxity of the bowels, and is useful in bilious affections, foulness -of blood, and superabundance of mucus; allays thirst, is a grateful -application to blistered parts, or where much heat is experienced; -beneficial in difficulty of voiding urine, in boils and eruptions, -and prolongs aphrodisia. - -48 Asteghoon.--An article of food, made by mixing one part of Moong, -with two parts of rice, boiling them together, and pouring off the -water, with which is to be mixed rock salt, assafoetida, coriander, -ginger, and peepul. This is an excellent drink in fevers, in bilious -affections, and foulness of the blood; it increases appetite, and -clears, and gives tone to the kidnies and bladder. - -49 Apheem.--(Papaver somniferum.) Of this there are four kinds; -the 1st, which is white, is called Chaarun, (promoting digestion;) -the 2d, Maarun, is black; the 3d yellow, and the 4th, of all these -colours mixed, called Saarun. Its properties are well known, and -fully detailed in all Yunani works on medicine. - -50 Aginmunt.--Agwunt. Names of Arnee; q. vide. - -51 Agust.--(∆schynomene Grandiflora.) A tree, cool and dry, producing -flatulence, curing bile, foulness of blood, and mucus; also fever. Its -flowers beneficial in improving the sense of smelling, and in night -blindness. - -52 Akroat.--Vide Akhroat. - -53 Akirkirra.--or Akirkirrh‡, (Dranculus.) In Yunani works called -discutient and alternant. - -"Anthemis Pyrethrum, Linn. Pelletory of Spain, Ainslie. Off. The -Root. Pyrethre, (F.) Eaher Wustrell, (G.) Akk·r·c·rum, (Tam.) Powerful -stimulant, useful as a sialagogue, to excite an increased flow of -saliva; hence useful in headache, rheumatism of the face, toothache, -in paralysis of the tongue and muscles of the throat." - -54 Agur.--Dry and light, useful in affections of the eyes; it also -promotes the secretion of bile. A. Oodh. - -55 Agunie Char.--Pungent and very hot. In rheumatic affections of -the chest, Soonpat from mucus, and rheumatic pains in the joints, -it is highly beneficial. This medicine is the produce of the western -provinces of India; and the best kind is red, and feels hot to the -touch; it is found by the sides of rivers. - -56 Akasbele.--Cuscuta reflexa, a name for Afteemoon, (Dodder of Thyme.) - -57 Alsi.--"Linum Usitatissimum, W. Atasi, S. Tesi, H. Emollient -and demulcent." Grows about 1 1/2 foot high; its leaves are -thin, and its flower of the color of Lapis lazuli. In India it is -supposed to decrease the secretion of semen, and to weaken sight; -it is hot, and said to be discutient; it is useful in phlegm from -cold. A. Buzz˙rkatan. - -58 Aoloo.--The owl. Those who eat its flesh may expect to be deprived -of all reasoning faculties, with loss of memory. It produces much wind, -and is called in Persian, Boom. - -The women of India frequently give it to their husbands, that by the -mental weakness it produces, they may obtain more liberty of conduct -than might otherwise be agreeable. - -59 Alaechee.--A. Kakla. "Amomum Cardamomum, Wild. Amomum Repens, -Wood, vol. II. p. 356." It is of two kinds, and very common. The -tree is very large, its leaves resemble those of the sugar cane, of -the length of a man; it is very fragrant, and both kinds are nearly -alike in properties. The physicians of India call it moderately cool, -aromatic, and bitter; and that it is useful in bilious affections, -rheumatic complaints, and superabundance of mucus; it is likewise -said to decrease Aphrodisia, and to be prejudicial in affections of -the chest The large kind possesses all these properties in a greater -degree than the small; "the latter is called the Guzerattee Alaechee." - -60 Alta.--A name for the Lac colour. - -61 Amulbedh.--Called also Amulbenth, a very acid fruit of India; -the tree much resembles the lime tree, but is rather larger. It is so -very acid, that it will, in a few minutes, dissolve a needle, or small -shell. It is light and aperient; improves decayed appetite; is cardiac; -removes visceral obstructions, and increases all the secretions. I -have been accustomed to take out part of the pulp of the fruit, -and to fill the empty space with such medicines as assist digestion, -and correct disorders of the digestive organs, in a pounded state, -and allowing the fruit, thus medicated, to dry, and using it under -the title of Amulbedh. It is brought in quantities from Jeynugger, -and Ruttunboil. A spurious sort of this is made from the large lemon, -and sold in its stead. I have found it useful in promoting digestion, -giving relief in rheumatism, and as an aperient (Amul means acid.) - -62 Amulchangerie.--An acid fruit, from a plant of India, called -Changerie, much resembling the In-ubassaleb, (Nightshade,) and grows -about 8 inches high, or more, and is about as much expanded. Its -properties are hot, light, and stomachic; it promotes digestion, and -is beneficial in Piles and Juzam; it cures laxities of the bowels, -and decreases all the secretions, except bile. - -63 Amlie.--Tamarindus Indicus. A large tree; the fruit and leaves off -it are very small, growing from both sides of a centre stem; they close -up at night, and are expanded during the day. The fruit resembles a -bean-pod, bent in the centre, and usually less than 8 inches in length; -it bends so as to assume the figure of a semi-circle, but often not so -much. The Author of the Book Tophut-ul-Momeneen, describes the tree as -resembling the Pomegranate tree; but I suspect he had never seen it. It -is acid and heavy, removes flatulence, but increases bile and blood. - -When ripe, it is laxative, promotes appetite, and is beneficial -in oppression after meals. It is dry, light, cardiac, and restores -prostration of strength from fatigue. It removes nausea, giddiness, -thirst, and general heat. Sherbet prepared from it, should it agree -with the stomach, is preferable to any other, and prevents the noxious -influence of the hot winds on the system. The kind which is red, ought -to be chosen for preserves, and it possesses all the properties of -the fresh fruit. The flowers of the tamarind eat with meat, increase -its flavor; they also prevent accumulation of bile, are aperient, -and increase appetite; but they are improper when acidity prevails -in the stomach. - -64 Amrutphull.--A name given to the sweet lime. Vide Rajeneemb. - -65 Ambarae.--A fruit, the produce of the hills, large and acid. - -66 Amarbele.--A name for Afteemoon (Dodder Thyme.) - -67 Amroude.--(Guava.) An Indian fruit resembling the pear. It is full -of small seeds, and is of an unpleasant smell; its tree resembles the -mulberry, but is smaller; the leaves are like the leaf of the mangoe, -green, with a tinge of red, and the veins of the leaf are strongly -marked. The fruit is pendant, and its shape pyramidal. It is also -called Suffryam, "Psidium pyriferum." It strengthens the stomach, -produces costiveness, and is astringent. I have given it with good -effect in laxities of the bowels. - -68 Amratuck.--The name of a culinary vegetable. - -69 Amultas.--Called also Kurwara. "Cassia Fistula, W. Sauvernaca, -S. Casse, F. Rohnkassie, G. The pulp of its fruit laxative." Its -flowers are dressed, and eaten with meat; and it has the virtue of -giving it additional flavor, and loosening the bowels. - -70 Ananass.--Called also Kutel Sufrie, (The Pineapple,) for this -reason, that if the plant is carried along with a person proceeding on -a journey, it will produce fruit. It is about the size of the large -lime, called Turunje; its color yellow, tinged with red; its surface -is irregular, and covered with small prickles; its smell like that of -the mangoe, and very pleasant; the whole plant, including the fruit, -is about a yard in height; the leaves have serrated edges, and the -fruit grows perpendicular. On the top of the stem there is a bunch -of leaves growing from the top of the fruit, which if broken off, -and planted, is reproductive. It bears fruit only once, and only one -fruit at a time. I have not seen its properties noticed in any work, -but the people of India call it cooling. It was first described by -Abul Fuzul, in the Ayen Akberry; and this was afterwards copied by the -Author of the Dhara Shekoih, from which others have copied it. Part -of this description I have copied, and from my own observation have -added the remainder. In my opinion it is hot in a small degree, and -moist in the 2d degree. Its use is grateful to the system, and it gives -strength to the intellectual powers, also tone to the stomach. It is -injurious to the throat, to the solids, to respiration, and to the -intestines; but its corrector is sugar, and if it be sliced, put in -rose water to which sugar is added, and allowed to stand for some time, -its beneficial properties are increased, while its injurious qualities -are prevented or corrected. A preserve made from it, is excellent, and -is used with stews and Pilau, as giving them great additional relish. - -72 Ambeloona.--A fruit of Hindoostan, acid and astringent, cool and -producing costiveness, beneficial in mucus and bile; also in carbuncle, -and other tumors and affections of the throat. - -73 Ambegool or Angool, or Ambegooda; called also Inderain Soorkh. (Vide -the next article.) A plant whose taste is bitter and astringent; -it is hot and moist, light and purgative, beneficial in flatulence, -mucus, and general swellings. It is vermifuge, and removes pains -in the bowels. It is an antidote to poisons, and removes disorders -produced by indigestion. The fruit of the plant is sweet and cool, -heavy and purgative, useful in affections from wind, bile, and -disorders of the blood; it removes general heat, and is beneficial in -Marasmus. It decreases the seminal secretion, increases mucus, and -strengthens the system. Nourdi Mahommed says, that in the epidemic -carbuncle which affects the armpit or throat, this fruit is given -with more success than any other medicine; and that one fruit given -internally, and another applied to the part, will cure the disease, -should there be any stamina remaining in the system. He also says, -that if ten pounds of this fruit be steeped for a week in Anula -water, taken out and dried, put into a mill, and the oil expressed, -and this oil introduced into the nose for 8 days successively, white -hair will become black. He writes much more respecting its virtues; -but as I have had no experience of them, and cannot vouch for the -effect, I forbear to transcribe them. - -74 Inderain.--"Cucumis Colocynthus. Wild Gourd. Bitter cucumber. It is -said by Thunberg to be rendered so perfectly mild, by being pickled, -as to be used as food at the Cape of Good Hope." The fruit of a plant -like the small melon, and very bitter; the plant too resembles that -of the melon, and in Persian it is called the bitter melon. There -are two kinds of this, one I have already described under the head -of the preceding article. Both are bitter, powerful, hot, light, and -purgative; a cure for Jaundice, useful in bilious and mucous affection, -diseases of the spleen, dropsy and fever: they are also vermifuge. - -In menstrual suppression the following is said to be effectual. - -Of the root of Inderain Soorkh 1 pice weight, pepper 14 grains in -number; bruise, and give in water: effectual in two or three days. - -Also the following is used by the natives; bitter Toombric seed, -Jawakhar, Goor, Mynphill, in equal parts, mixed with the milk of the -prickly pear, and formed into a tent; applied to the Os Uteri for 3 -days, it will produce fever. - -75 Anderjow.--"Nerium Anti-dysentericum, Echites Anti-dysenterica, -(Roxb. MS.) Curaya, H. Cutaja, S." A large tree, with leaves like the -almond tree; it produces a fruit long and broad, which grow separate -from each other. The fruit contains a number of seeds, rather longer -than those of the melon, and resembling a bird's tongue. The pulp -of the fruit is of a yellowish white, but the seeds are red. Its -properties are bitter, pungent, cool, and astringent. It cures -flatulence, bile, and fever, is vermifuge, and is useful in piles, -and beneficial in that kind of carbuncle the matter of which is -infectious: there are two kinds of this, a bitter and a sweet sort: -of these, the bitter is to be preferred. In Hemorrhoids, where much -blood is discharged, if taken in the quantity of half a tolah daily, -in cold water, for eight days, the cure will be accomplished. The bark -of the tree, taken in cold water, will remove laxities of the bowels. - -76 Anar.--A name for Darim, q. vide. "Punica Granatum." - -77 Aunalie.--A name for Shakakool, (Wild Carrot.) - -78 Ambaray.--or Ambara, a vegetable used by the poorer classes, -resembling Sunn (hemp.) When young, it is hot, heavy, and promotes -appetite; it is useful in flatulence, and loosens the belly: when -ripe it is sweet and cool, and increases seminal secretion. In the -Dunterie it is written, that it is oleaginous and astringent. - -79 Ankaloon.--The name of a salt called also Oodoobudh. Vide Loon. - -80 Anbertasung.--A name for Sungbusserie. - -81 Angud.--The name for Hungoot, q. vide. - -82 Anjeer.--Ficus Carica. The Fig. A common fruit. Its virtues are -fully pointed out in Persian works. Another variety, called Anjeer -Deshtee, (Adam's fig,) Keonberrie. Some writers call the fig hot, -others describe it as cool, like the Goolur. - -83 Aaont.--The Camel. The flesh is sweet to the taste, and light; -it increases the strength of vision and dispels flatulence, kills -larvÊ in the stomach, useful in piles, and increases bile and mucus: -in P. Shootur. - -84 Aoode Belao.--Lutre Lutreola, (Shaw.) The Otter? An animal, named -also Kunduss, called in P. Saqeabi. Its scrotum is called Jeunel -bedesther. Its properties fully related in all Yunani publications. - -85 Aoont Kutara.--A prickly shrub, about a yard high; both leaves and -branches are full of prickles, and its flowers are yellow; its fruit -round, and also full of prickles. It is bitter and pungent, useful -in phlegm and cough, also wind; increases bile, and is diuretic; -it promotes digestion, and increases the strength of the system. If -the fresh root be cut into small pieces, and the oil extracted from -it by heat, and this oil to the quantity of one masha, rubbed over a -plaintain leaf, and externally applied, it will increase Aphrodisia, -and lengthen its duration. This oil, applied to the parts, will restore -strength. Its application will also remove an offensive effluvia from -the axillÊ. Echinops Echinatus, (Roxb.) - -86 Aoonk.--A plant, a yard or more in height, whose leaves are about 2 -inches in breadth, and hard like the leaves of the Mocao; its flower -is prickly, and its seed very small, even smaller than the Powar, -which it resembles. There are two kind: the branches of one red, -the other white; both bitter, and promoters of digestion, decreasing -mucus and wind, removing flatulent swellings in the stomach or bowels, -and pains therein; useful in piles and Psora. - -87 Ahmlee.--Called also Buzuroolreshad. - -88 Aegoor.--Powerfully astringent and bitter, easy of -digestion, beneficial in disorders of blood, bile, mucus, and -also in Juzam, an antidote to poison, and strengthening eye -sight. P. Shingirff. (Cinnabar?) - -89 Aechill.--The name of a reed. - -90 Aent.--(Brick.) In P. Khysht. When the seminal secretion is too -thin, this is given with success; the older kind is preferred in -medicine. In the Tophutul Momeneen and other works, its virtues -are described. - -91 Padill.--Sometimes called Patill, and another kind denominated -Kashta Padill or Kut Padill. Of this also there is another kind, -but as the properties of all are the same, I have not particularly -distinguished them from each other. It is the flower of an Indian tree, -which in size is equal to the Mangoe or Jamin, its pod is 1 1/2 feet -long, and 4 fingers in breadth, formed of different layers, and lined -with a soft cottony substance. The seed resembles that of the Seriss -tree, and its taste is astringent, sweet, and its properties mixed, -cool and hot. It is beneficial in swellings of a general nature, in -foulness of the blood, in difficulty of breathing, in thirst, nausea, -and loss of appetite. Its flowers correct all the natural secretions, -and remove bilious laxity of the bowels, and heartburn. The pod -relieves hiccup, and corrects bilious and mucous secretions; some -have described its properties as cool, and the Dhuntri recommends -the first kind, as the one to be preferred for internal use. - -92 Pa·.--Sulphur Zinci, a name for Zaje Suffed. It resembles the -Shibbi Yemani, but of a more yellow tinge, and less transparent, -but its pungency and astringency greater; placed in the fire it -becomes sublimed; its nature hot and dry. If a cloth is wetted with -its solution, and allowed to dry, and then placed in the vagina, -it dries the part, and lessens its diameter. - -93 Beekhbans or Beedjbans.--A kind of green bamboo, shot as arrows -by the Nepaulese, and which poison the wound they inflict. - -94 Bansa.--Called also Pi·bansa. Some say that it is the name of the -Baadawurd tree; however this may be, it is the name of a very common -tree, found in plains and waste places; it grows about the height of -a man, more or less; has spreading branches, which grow out of its -stem even to the root: its leaves are thin, small, and pointed, when -the tree is young; but they increase in size as the tree grows, and -become like those of the Jamin. Its flowers are white, with prickles -on their stalk. The other kind called Pia Bansa has colored flowers. - -It increases wind, and clears the throat; it removes disorders of -bile, mucus, or blood, cough, difficulty of breathing, nausea, fever, -seminal weakness, juzam, and marasmus. A tooth-brush made of its wood, -materially strengthens the gums and teeth, and of this many have had -experience. It strengthens the system, darkens the color of the hair, -cures the itch, and is an antidote to poison. In its nature it is hot, -and is useful in eruptions of the skin and leprosy. - -In the Maadentezerrubad, that with the yellow flowers, is called -Pia Bansa, and the tree is said to be about a yard high, with long -leaves, hot, cool, and dry in an equal degree; a decoction of the -root is beneficial as a gargle in toothache, or with the addition of -the leaves, as a gargle in ptyalism. - -95 Baluka.--Cucumis Madraspatanus. A species of Kitcherie; it is -also called Kootoombur. Phoont is likewise a variety of this, and -is in Persian named DustoombaÛyÈ. When unripe, its taste is sweet; -it is cool, and heavy, removes eruptions of the skin from bile, -and when ripe, it is hot, light, aperient, creating appetite, and bile. - -96 Palewut.--Also Palook, a medicine of India. The first is sweet, -hot, and cool, in an equal degree; it is heavy, and corrects bile and -wind. The second kind, also called Malook, is sweeter than the first, -and in all its properties resembling Padill, except that it produces -less thirst. - -97 Baraykund or KeetkuroÛdh, or Subbuzkund.--The produce of a wet -or moist soil. Its capsule is thick and hard; it is sweet, bitter, -pungent, and increases the powers of manhood, and generally strengthens -the system; it increases bile, but removes a superabundance of -phlegm or wind. It is vermifuge, and useful in seminal weakness. Its -leaves used as greens, create appetite, improve the complexion, -and are beneficial in Juzam. I have ascertained from several books -of Hindoostan, that it is a species of Russain, and that Barayokand -and Bedareekund are one and the same plant; but some books state -the contrary. - -98 BanjkakÛra.--A medicine of India, of a light nature, beneficial in -mucous affections, antidote to poison, useful in boils and wounds, -also in sores; called in Persian Khora. One kind of this bears no -fruit, hence its name Banja. - -99 Pakur.--A large tree, beautiful in appearance, as large as the -Jamin. The leaves also resemble the Jamin, but broader, longer, -and thicker; its fruit is yellow, and when ripe, like the apple, -but when small, it is more like the peach; it is cooling, and cures -boils, eruptions of the skin, and is effectual in mucous and bilious -affections, it also allays swelling in wounds. The fruit bears the -same name; it is acid, its sherbet cardiac, promotes appetite, and -decreases bile. By some called Pakull. - -100 Panee Amluk.--A medicine of Hindoostan, hot and heavy; it cures -flatulency, and when ripe, it increases the bilious and mucous -secretions. - -101 Paadae.--Pungent and bitter, hot and light, cures wind, bile, -Juzam, and fever; vomiting, dropsy, affections of the heart, general -heat, itch, disorders from poison, difficulty of breathing, and is -vermifuge. It also cures Badgola, boils and eruptions of the skin, -and removes laxities of the bowels. - -102 Babchee or Bakchee, an Indian medicine, the seed of which is -black; it is beneficial in every kind of leprosy, and in every pain -of the stomach; it is used both internally and externally. I have -used 2 mashas of this, with other appropriate medicines, infused in -water for a night, strained and given as a drink to those affected -with white leprosy, and other affections of the same nature; and have -used the strained refuse externally, with the greatest success. It is -pungent and aromatic, hot and dry in the 3d deg. light and cardiac, -creates appetite, and cures affections of bile and mucus; but is -prejudicial to the eyesight, and lessens the seminal secretion. - -In the Maadentezerrubad it is written, that Babchee is a seed about -the size of gram, or rather less, of a dark color, and aromatic flavor, -hot and dry in a small degree, cures wind, mucus, and Juzam; the itch -and other eruptions of the skin when discoloration or ulceration -takes place, and all complaints arising from foulness of blood. In -Acouta, or that scaly leprous eruption that is often met with, it -is very effectual, the part being first moistened with mustard oil, -and the powder of the seed sprinkled over its surface. - -"Tried in Lepra without effect, both in substance and in infusion, -in 1818.--Translator." - -103 Paperie.--A name for Shumshad, cool, and brightens the complexion, -and is useful in mucous and bilious complaints. - -104 Babur.--Called by some Nagbo, and also Badrouje. - -105 Barasinga.--Cervus Elaphus. Called so from its many branched horns; -it is about the size of a small cow, and is also called Thunkur -or Eal. Its meat is sweet to the taste, and heavy; it increases -Aphrodisia, cures wind, bile, and mucus. The horns rubbed down in -water, and applied externally, cure rheumatic and other pains. - -106 Parba.--Cervus Porcinus. Very common in the upper parts of India; -its properties I have never seen noticed in any Indian publication. I -have met with a description of another kind of deer, Cheetul, and in -my opinion they are nearly alike in their properties; the flesh of -both easy of digestion, quickly increasing the volume of blood and -bulk of the solids; it is without fibres, hot and somewhat dry. - -107 Bander.--Monkey. The flesh is beneficial in flatulencies, -difficulty of breathing, and Jaundice, and is vermifuge; in P. Bozeena. - -108 Baag.--In P. Sher. The Tiger. Its flesh is hot, and cures -affections from wind, and complaints of the eyes. Its milk, mixed -with Soorma, is an excellent application in that disease of the eye -called Mootiabin. My grandfather experienced its good effects in his -own case in the cure of this disease. - -109 Palug.--A much esteemed kind of culinary vegetable -(Spinnach.) A. Isphanach: cool and heavy, laxative, producing wind -and mucus, as also swelling of the abdomen. It is beneficial in -difficulty of breathing, and eruptions from bile. Some say that it -produces intoxication in a small degree, but this I have not found -to be the case. - -110 Paan.--Aromatic, bitter, astringent, hot, and aperient. ("Piper -Betel, Lin. Warm juice, febrifuge; given in indigestion in children, -and combined with musk in Hysteria.") It creates appetite and agreeable -sensations; it also increases semen, and is aphrodisiac. It cures -disorders of wind, mucus, and of the blood; corrects vitiated breath, -preserves the gums, clears the blood, is useful in prostration of -strength from fatigue, and cures nervous head-aches. Its juice -is beneficial in giving tone to the stomach and heart, and it -promotes digestion. It corrects a cold temperament, cures cholicky -disorders, and pains of the bowels, and this I have repeatedly found -by experience. In my own opinion, and in the opinion of every Yunani -writer whom I have consulted, (with the exception of Shaik Boo Alli,) -it is hot; but the physicians of Hindoostan very generally agree -with the Shaik. Those of a hot temperament, who use much of this -plant, are subject to eruptions of the mouth, and fissures in the -tongue. Its correctors are almonds and the kernel of the cocoa-nut, -but the former is to be preferred, and the addition of the almond -increases its effects on the mental powers. - -The distilled water of Paan, as described below, is recommended -for correcting a melancholic temperament, strengthening the stomach -and circulation, removing spasms in the stomach, creating appetite, -correcting flatulence, and loosening phlegm. - -Take flowers of Bugloss 5 scruples, rose leaves 6 drachms, cloves -13 scruples, Paan 4 ounces, distilled water of Bugloss two pounds, -rose water 6 pounds: distil, and give as a dose from one to four -drachms. Another: take of cinnamon 13 scruples, Indian Spikenard and -Galangal, each 14 1/2 scruples; Bugloss, Soad Kufah, and dried mint, -each 19 scruples; rose leaves and cloves each 24 scruples; anise seed -(Nancha), and another kind called Rajiana, and sweet-scented flag -of Toorkistan, each 19 scruples; Paan 50 leaves or more, good rose -water 15 pounds: distil. The dose to be regulated by the temperament -of the patient. - -Another: take of Indian leaf (Tezpat), 1/2 a pound; cloves, Indian -Spikenard, and anise seed (Nancha), each 4 ounces, good Paan 200 -leaves; bruise all the ingredients, and let them remain in infusion -for 24 hours in 20 pounds of water, then draw off by distillation 14 -pounds: the dose will be from 8 to 10 scruples given after meals. - -Another: take of cloves, Oodghoorkee, each 13 scruples; reduce both to -a coarse powder; flowers of Bugloss, raspings of white Sandal wood, -each 5 1/2 scruples; Bugloss, rose leaves and Indian leaf, each 4 -ounces; white Paan 100 leaves, rose water 8 pounds, distilled anise -seed water 4 pounds; infuse 24 hours in the heated liquids, and draw -off by distillation 8 pounds. - -111 Pariss Peepul.--Called also Palass Peepul, (Hibiscus populneoides, -Roxb.) - -112 Para, or Parud, (as it is called in Sanscrit,) Mercury. It -is hot, gives strength to the eyesight, is useful in Juzam, and is -vermifuge. A. Zeebuck. P. Seemab. It is very generally used throughout -India, in many ways, both in its native and prepared state; but in -the latter we ought to be very cautious, for it is seldom sufficiently -killed, or removed from its native state, in which it is a dangerous -drug. One grain or two grains, or even a little more, is taken for -a dose, and in some cases with success. Cups are also made of it, -from which milk is drank; they possess this virtue, that a greater -quantity of milk may be taken in this way than in any other. It is -said, that if a little Mercury be tied up in a cloth, and boiled in -milk, that the milk will have an aphrodisiac property. Should any one -have taken live Mercury, and the result be, that he is attacked with -Juzam, or other leprous affection, let him take the whole of an Indigo -plant, and cutting it in small pieces, let it be boiled in a large -quantity of water; then straining it, drink a cupful of the water -very frequently, till all is taken, and till then eat no food. All -the Mercury will in the course of the day be evacuated per urethra, -and if the whole does not make its escape the first day, the treatment -must be repeated. If the urine be received into a brass vessel, or -any other with a polished surface, the Mercury will be detected; many -people having been in this predicament, have followed this advice, -and found the result to be as I have stated it. - -In a state of calcination, if it is mixed with strong vinegar, or lime -juice, and afterwards dried, if no live Mercury appears it is good; -otherwise it is dangerous. Others have said, that if mixed and rubbed -with the juice of the radish leaf, till they are incorporated, and -then a little lime juice poured over it, and again rubbed and dried, -it will be fit for use; and the less live Mercury that is perceptible, -the less dangerous it is. - -To make cups and balls of Mercury, triturate the Mercury well with -pounded bricks, in an iron pot, moistening the mixture with water; -wash the whole in water, and strain through a moderately fine cloth, -till the Mercury becomes perfectly clear like a looking glass. Take -equal parts of this purified quicksilver, rock salt, and sulphate of -copper, and put them into an iron pot, with strong vinegar or lime -juice, and let the whole be well triturated for 7 or 8 hours, when the -compound will appear like butter; wash this well in water, that the -salt and sulphate be carried off, and the Mercury left behind; take -this Mercury and coat over the outside of an unburnt earthen vessel -or cup, till it shall be well covered and appear like Mercury; place -this in a dish filled with lime juice, and let it remain for a week, -then take it out and place it in the sun to dry and harden; when quite -hard, it may be used in this way, or it may be filled with water and -kept so, till the clay becomes soft enough to be separated from the -quicksilver. Milk drank from this cup will have an aphrodisiac quality, -and will increase appetite. For the formation of this cup, 9 or 10 -tolahs of quicksilver will be requisite, and for the balls one tolah. - -The Balls.--When the ingredients above-mentioned have, from long -trituration, acquired the consistence of butter, balls may be formed of -the composition in a fine cloth, and allowed to remain for 7 days in -lime juice; then take them out and throw them into a boiling decoction -of the Dhatura leaves, allowing it to be well boiled. The balls are -then to be taken out of the cloth and preserved for use. - -In the Maadentezerrubad it is said, that if a small parcel of Mercury -be boiled in soup, made from the Bis-Copra, it will become hard. - -113 Baboona, or Marehtee: Anthemis Chamomile; a common flower, Akhgwan. - -114 Bans.--A. Russub. P. Ney. Its leaves like those of the Joowar, -when they are young; it is cool and a little astringent, beneficial in -dysuria, gonorrhÊa, piles, in stomach complaints, bilious disorders, -and those of the blood, in cholicky pains from flatulence. Some say, -that it increases the secretion of bile. A preserve is made from -the young shoots which is much esteemed, and is useful in promoting -appetite and giving tone to the stomach, correcting an increased -secretion of bile or phlegm. The young shoots are first cut into small -pieces, and steeped in salt and water; then dried, and afterwards put -into the vinegar or other acid, in which it is to be preserved. The -root of the bamboo in equal parts, with Judw·r (Zedoary), and Suronjan -(Hermodactylis), applied externally, I have found very effectual -in removing pains from the joints. The oil expressed from the fresh -joints of the plants, is also very beneficial in pains of the joints -and other rheumatic affections. Mention is made of this oil in the -Hajul Umeer and Ejale na·f, works written by me. - -The joints of the bamboo are very useful as a diuretic, and they also -are effectual in producing abortion, and made into a decoction with -Cassia fistula, are recommended for recorrecting and stopping the -discharge after such an occurrence. - -115 Badgan Khutay.--No account having been given of this in any of -the Yunani works, it is left for me to give a description of it. It -is a seed of a dark red color, the capsule resembles the stone of -the tamarind, but is more thin and pointed, and a little open; it is -used as an infusion with tea; it is hot, strengthens the stomach; is -discutient, removes flatulence, and the tea corrects any bad effects -that it may possess. - -116 Baremoo.--A name for Dookoo. - -117 Barehie.--A name for Zedoary. - -118 Patirr.--The Wagtail, called in Yunani, Suffraghoon. - -119 Parjath, or Parbhudder, (Bombax heptaphyllum.) The gum useful -as an expectorant in worms, corpulency, swellings, and wind; it also -increases certain secretions; the gum is called Moocherriss. - -120 Balchur.--A name for Chur (Spikenard). - -121 Baeberung.--A seed, black, roundish, and pointed; bitter and -pungent to the taste, hot and dry, light and cardiac; beneficial in -itchiness of the stomach, flatulent swellings, dropsy, affections of -mucus, wind, or worms, and remedies costiveness. A. Birnuk Caboolie. - -122 Badjera.--Holcus Spicatum. A common grain; in my opinion hot and -dry; it strengthens the system and loins; is aphrodisiac, and corrects -acidity in the stomach, but produces flatulence. - -123 Papeyha.--Papeya, Carica Papeya, W. A native of South America, now -common all over India; milky juice of the unripe fruit, vermifuge; -dose,--two table spoonfuls in warm milk, afterwards a dose of -castor-oil. - -124 Papieha.--A common green bird; the poets of Hindoostan keep -numbers of them, and have an idea that the noise they make at night, -in the rainy season, produces inspiration. Its flesh is useful in -affection from wind and mucus, and is alone sufficient to remove -disorders from bile. - -125 Papeitha.--"Papita nux, Nux Vomica Serapionis, Faba Indica, or -Faba Sancti Ignatii, St. Ignatius's Bean, Catalougay, belongs to a -genus called Ignatia Amara. The above description applies especially -to the Papeitha, but not to the Nux Vomica, (Cuchila,) which is a -Strychnos, this is not." - -This is a medicine of foreigners, and it is said, that it has been in -use for the last century; there is no account of it in any books of -Hindoostan, or in the Yunani works; but in this part of the country -it is in general use. I have partly taken the present description -from the books of foreigners, and partly it is the result of my own -experience. In foreign language, it is called Papita. It is a nut, -round, more or less so, each weighing about a pice; it is depressed -in the centre, and of a brown color, some darker than others. Its -properties are said to be various. If one of the nuts be strung on a -thread and retained about the person, it is a security against sorcery, -and the attempted mischief will recoil on the sorcerer. Should any -one be poisoned and this be administered, the poison will thereby be -rendered innocent. - -Whoever shall keep this constantly about his person, nor noxious wind -nor evil eye will affect him. - -If one retti or two retti weight of this be rubbed down in water and -taken, it will cure pains in the stomach and cholicks. - -It is very beneficial in the disorder called Elaous, also in paralytic -affections. - -In faintings and convulsions, if the teeth are forced open, and a -little given internally, also the part of the forehead called peshanie -scarified, and rubbed with a little of the medicine, the senses will -be restored. - -In bites of snakes or the sting of any noxious reptile or insect, -it is highly beneficial. - -The powder of the seed is styptic, and when applied over a wound in -sufficient quantity to form a cake and bound up, it will stop any -discharge of blood. - -In intermittent fever, if about 4 barley-corns in bulk be given -before the cold fit, it will render it much less severe, or remove -it altogether. - -In labor, if the pains are not sufficiently effectual, 4 barley-corns -of this given, will expedite delivery; but if by mistake it be given -after delivery, it will cause a protrusion of the bowels. - -In all laxities of the bowels it is useful. If a seed be allowed to -remain in the mouth, it will promote the discharge of mucus which -may oppress the chest, and will relieve acidity in the stomach. - -If the nut be cut into slices and fried in sweet oil, the oil will -form an excellent application to chancres, venereal or other cuticular -eruptions. - -Should any one have swallowed poison and become senseless, this oil -forced into the throat, if swallowed, will save the patient. - -This oil will also have the effect of restoring sensation to parts -deprived of it, if rubbed externally. - -In suppression of the menses, 7 or 8 barley-corns in bulk administered, -will give relief. - -Should a tendon be cut through from a wound, filling the division -with the powder, will promote adhesion. - -A tincture of it in spirits, in the strength of 25 nuts to half a -pound of spirit, allowed to remain 15 days in the sun, is aphrodisiac, -in the quantity of 16 liquid grains every night. - -I have found this medicine given to the quantity of half a drachm, -more or less, mixed up into a bolus with rose-water, very beneficial -in excessive vomiting. - -Once my father and I were proceeding on a journey, it happened, -that some of our people had ate in the morning, of the food prepared -the night before, which being stale, produced incessant and violent -vomiting; their sufferings were great, and the color of their bodies -completely changed. My father having no other medicine with him, except -this, gave it to them mixed with rose-water, in various proportions, -with great success. - -In unremitting vomiting, it ought to be given twice, when it will -assuredly be successful. - -126 Babool, vide Keekur. Acacia Arabica, W. - -127 Papotun.--A plant, about a yard high; its seed is like that of the -nightshade, at first green, and when ripe, red; in appearance like -the Goonchee, covered with a very thin capsule. The leaves heated -and applied to swellings are discutient, and the root pounded and -mixed with water, applied to the carbuncle or introduced on a seton, -will effect a cure in a few days. - -128 Paethaon.--Called also Culsi or Breshtpirnie. A medicine of India; -sweet, hot, light, and aphrodisiac; remedies laxities of the bowels -and abrasions of the intestines. It decreases general heat, allays -thirst, and is useful in affections of wind, mucus, bile, nausea, -and fever. In the Dhinteri, it is said to be pungent, and beneficial -in asthma, phlegm, and dropsy. - -129 Patole, vide Pulwul. - -130 Patera, usually called PatËla, a name of Birdee, a reed, growing -in marshy places, used for making mats. It grows about a man's height, -sometimes higher, and about the thickness of one's finger. Its ashes -are peculiarly drying, and in quality dry and moist; if sprinkled -over a sore, they quickly dry it up; if mixed with vinegar, dried, -pounded, and applied to a carbuncle, it will cure it. They are also -useful in Ukula and Nufsoodum. - -131 Patung.--A large tree, a native of the hills; its leaves are -like that of the almond, and its flowers yellow. The fruit round, -and of a dirty green color when young, becoming red as it ripens, -and sweet to the taste. - -Physicians of Yunan have described it as hot, useful in -bilious affections, mucus, and blood; also in boils and -eruptions. A. Bukkum. The wood is used by dyers. In the Topha it is -written, that in the quantity of 15 masha it is a deadly poison. Its -powder is excellent as an application to wounds and ulcers. A bath -formed of a decoction of the wood, clears the surface of the body, -and gives strength to the bones. - -132 Putrudj.--A very common leaf, in length from three to five inches, -and in breadth two inches; of a green color, and pleasant smell; it -is strongly marked by veins, and is brought from the hills. It is hot -and light, useful in wind and piles, nausea, pain at the stomach, -flatulence, and is cardiac. A. Sadielj Hindui. Laurus Cassia, -W. Tamalapatra, S. Tezpat, H. Tez (the bark), H. Twacha, S. - -133 Pithpapra.--Oldenlandia biflora. Bitter, cool, light, and in its -effects astringent; beneficial in affections and disorders of bile, -mucus, and blood; also in general heat; useful in giddiness, thirst, -and fever; it generates flatulence. A. Shaterra. - -134 Batassa.--A name for Phaneer. - -135 Buthua, or Pasthuk, "Chenopodium album." A plant about a yard -high, or even less; its leaves are small like the mint, soft and -serrated; when the plant is old, it becomes a little larger, but the -leaves remain the same. It is used in India as a culinary vegetable, -and ate with or without meat; the leaves are sweetish when young; -it delights to grow near water, and is found both in the wild and -cultivated state, but the wild is considered the best; it is light -and laxative, strengthens the system, is useful in affections of the -spleen, eruptions from diffusion of bile, piles, worms, ascarides in -the rectum, and corrects all natural secretions except blood. A. Kutf. - -136 Butela.--A kind of Pea: see Muttur. - -137 Butaer.--The Quail, Perdix Olivacea, (Buch.) Its flesh is cool, -and promotes appetite; is beneficial in fever, and corrects the three -principal secretions. Some have said, that this is a name for Tihoo; -it resembles the partridge, but is only about half the size. In my -opinion, it is cool and hot in equal degrees; it forms a desirable -food for the sick, or emaciated; it strengthens the stomach, and -produces costiveness. - -138 Batees.--A name for Atees, already described. - -139 Pytha.--The gall-bladder of any animal. Bile is hot and dry, but -no general account can be given of its properties, as almost that of -every animal differs from another. If goat's bile be used, it will -relieve an affection of the liver, and if it be mixed with camphor -and butter, and introduced into the ear, it will cure tooth-ache, -or rubbed into the abdomen of a child below the navel, it will prove -laxative. Cow's bile, if introduced into the ear, will cure pain -arising from wind, mucus or bile. - -140 Putalphoorie.--The name of a grass, which grows in rocky places, -from which it has either derived its name or from its property of -dissolving the stone in the urinary or gall-bladder. It is a very -small plant; its leaves, like those of the Lobeia (a small bean), -when chewed are found to be very mucilaginous. It is a powerful -medicine in dysuria, and is beneficial in dissolving stones in -the urinary or gall-bladder. Of this I have several times had proof -within my own observation; and I have given it to the extent of 5 or 6 -mashas in these disorders, combined with sugar, or with other diuretic -medicines, or sherbets, or even in plain water; a substitute for this -may sometimes be found in Gokroo, in cucumber seeds, or some such -cooling medicine. A distilled water from it is in use. In one case -where I used the Putalphoorie, I found, that while fresh and green, -it was not so beneficial, and induced costiveness; but when dried -and given, it was much more effectual and less prejudicial. - -141 Puturjenie.--A name for Lichmuna and Lichmunie. - -142 Butchudder.--A species of the Catechu tree; hot and astringent, -beneficial in Aphtha, tooth-ache, blood, itch, poisons, and phlegm. - -143 Budjaesaar.--The name of a tree; the best sort is called -Bidjaesaar; it is beneficial in Juzam, ptyalism, white leprosy, -seminal weakness, ascarides in the rectum, disorders of bile and -blood, cleansing the fluids, strengthening the roots of the hair, -and it is well known as an ingredient in many formulÊ. - -144 Bitchoo, (Scorpion.).--A. Akrub. Its medicinal properties are -described in Yunani works. Bitchoo Diriag is small and of a blackish -color, tinged with red, and has a sting on its head with which it -wounds; its eyes are pointed, and its head is large in proportion -to its body. The author of the Dara Shekoi supposes this to be the -Singee fish. - -145 Bejoura.--A. Utrudj, though some describe them as distinct species. - -146 Butch.--Acorus Calamus, W. Vacha, S. Sweet-scented flag, Acorus -Odorant, F. Kalamus Nurtzil, G. Calamo Aromatica, J. Acoro Calamo, -S. Wedj. A. Agrtoorki. P. One kind of this is white; both kinds are -bitter, pungent, hot and stomachic: loosens mucus from the throat, -cures itch, mucous disorders, epilepsy, idiotism, the influence of evil -spirits. In the Maadentezerrabad it is written, that the Indians have -a belief, that if the butch be taken, cut in small pieces, and put -into an earthen pot, with ghee sufficient to cover it about an inch, -that is one part of the butch and two of ghee, and this pot placed -in Jow for 40 days, and 15 mashas of this taken daily, it will cure -paralysis and loss of memory, and all complaints arising from cold. - -147 Budgerkund.--Called also Soorun, q. vide. - -148 Beechnak.--The name of a poison; vide Singia. - -149 Bedareekund.--A kind of Baraikund. Of this two kinds are described; -one of which is white, and called Chitturkund; the properties of all -are alike. - -150 Bedarkee.--Also a name for Bedareekund. - -151 Budhill.--Indian Suffergill (as it is called); the fruit of a -large tree, very common all over India; the tree is like a middle-sized -Jamin; its leaves are broad and longer than the Daak, but the latter -is round, whereas this is longish, irregular on the back, and very -brittle; when ripe the fruit is of a sweet acid taste, and when -unripe it is perfectly sour; when about half ripe, it is hot, heavy, -and flatulent, producing wind, disorders of bile, decreasing aphrodisia -and appetite, and increasing phlegm; when ripe its properties are quite -the reverse; but with respect to the disorders produced by suffusion -of bile, I have not ascertained if it is beneficial or otherwise. The -Dara Shekoi has not noticed this medicine, and for my information I am -indebted to works of Hindoostan. As far as I can judge, it increases -the tone of the stomach, raises the spirits; but taken in quantities, -it is difficult of digestion and produces flatulence. It is acid, -and therefore remedies bile, but it increases cough. The kernel -is astringent. - -152 Bedhara.--A medicine of India, brought from the hills; it -is a light wood about the thickness of liquorice root; bitter and -astringent, hot and aperient. It is aphrodisiac; useful in disorders -of wind, phlegm, and blood; also in swellings of the body, seminal -weakness, and forms an ingredient in many approved formulÊ. - -153 Pudmeinie.--(The Winter Lilly.) The flower of the Kawul; sweet and -cool, heavy and stomachic, astringent and useful in disorders of bile, -mucus, and blood. A. Neelophir. - -154 Pudumcharnie.--A kind of the above, with few leaves; light and -beneficial in mucous disorders and suppression of urine, and it -hardens the matrix. For a more particular account, see Kawul. - -155 Pudumrauj.--Sweet and astringent; cool and aperient; it strengthens -the eyes, corrects corpulence, cures boils, eruptions, and is an -antidote to poison. A. Yacootlal. - -156 Pedloon.--A kind of salt; vide Noon. The salt of lead, called -also Kutchloon. - -157 Burrh.--A large tree of Hindoostan, very common, cool and -heavy; astringent, useful in mucous disorders, in bile, boils, and -eruptions. In the Maadentezerrabad it is called Reesha in Persian. If -the milk is applied to swellings or boils, it will effect a cure -by resolution; or if applied to the eye, will remove specks on the -cornea. If a tooth be at all loose, the milk applied to it will cause -it to fall out without pain, but care must be taken that it be not -applied to the sound tooth. If the bark of the tree be put into the -pan in which fish is fried, it will soften the bones. The young shoots -of the hanging roots and the bark, are cool, dry, and astringent; the -milk is hot and powerful; the fruit less so. If the above-mentioned -young shoots be bruised and put into a cloth, and heated over the -fire, it forms an excellent and affectual application to lumbago or -other rheumatic affections. The fruit, ate with milk and sugar, is -mentioned as aphrodisiac, and increasing certain secretions. The young -shoots of the pendent roots and leaves, and the bark are astringent, -and useful in diarrhoea. The leaf-buds are also recommended for the -same complaint, dressed with meat or otherwise. - -158 Birnaan or Burna.--A tree of Adjmere; the wood of which is used -for making beads, which from their beauty are sent to different places -as presents. Its medicinal property is hot and aperient, stomachic, -beneficial in disorders of the blood, phlegm, wind, dysuria, and -emaciation; it is vermifuge, and lithontriptic. - -159 Purpeeloo.--The Araaq Hindui. Cool, and useful in itch, Juzam, -hemorrhoids, disorders of blood, mucus, and bile. - -160 Beridda.--A medicine of Hindoostan; cool, and grateful, increasing -seminal secretion, removing cough, hectic fever, disorders of blood, -and phlegm, and increasing the strength of the solids. - -161 Pereshtpurnie.--A name for PÊthaon. - -162 Berchakund.--A kind of Pindaloo; another kind is called Roomus, -also Mudwull; a third kind is Sunkal; a fourth Kashtall; a fifth -Hustaloo; a sixth Rucktall, called Ruckutkund. All these roots are -sweet, cool, dry, and flatulent; also aperient. They give tone to the -urinary bladder, remove eruptions (the consequence of suffused bile), -increase semen, phlegm, and wind; they strengthen the solids, are slow -of digestion, and increase the secretion of milk. Pindaloo is somewhat -bitter and hot, heavy, mucilaginous, and diuretic. Mudwall increases -bile, and is bitter; but it is beneficial in mucous disorders. - -163 Barumbie or Soonputtie.--Sweet, cool, aperient, light; increases -the powers of perception and memory, clears the voice, cures Juzam, -jaundice, seminal weakness, foulness of the blood, and cough; -is an antidote to poisons, beneficial in swelling of the body, -in bilious affections, and is a common ingredient in all useful -formulÊ. A. Zernub. - -164 Burberi.--A name for Hermodaclytes. Cool, strong, dry; increases -the general heat and bile, cures disorders of the blood, phlegm, -daad, and worms. It is an antidote to poisons. - -165 Bureeja.--A name for Kuna, (Galbanum.) - -166 Berehta or Berehti.--(Sorrel)? (but the first is the common -name.) Kuthai; some say, that both kinds of Kuthai are called Berehti; -but it is not so, the small kind only goes by that name. Karenta -and Kutla are both names of the large Kuthai, and Kuthlee; and -Kuntkaree and Kuntkalka, are names for the small Kuthai. It is hot -and astringent, strengthens the animal spirits; is stomachic, and a -pleasant addition to the flavor of food. It is used in disorders of -mucus and blood, wind, worms, ascarides in the rectum, Juzam, fever, -asthma, pain in the bowels, cough, dysuria, emaciation, Badgola. It -is lithontriptic, and in P. is called Badinjandyshtee. The flower -called Gulkhar. - -167 Purbal.--A name for Coral; see Moonga. - -168 Byrumbseerjella, vide Hurhurra. - -169 Peertuckhpirnie.--A species of Peereshtpirnee. - -170 Buryara.--"Indian Mallow, (Sida cordifolia, W. Sida Rhombifolia, -W. Sida Rhomboidoea, Roxb. MS. Sp. Ch.) Shrubby, erect, ramous; leaves -short, petioled, rhomboid-lanceolate, serrate, 3-nerved, villous; -stipules sitaceous. Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the -leaves, one-flowered, capsules 12, without beak, Roxb. MS." A very -light flower of Hindoostan, cool and dry, demulcent and emolient; -it promotes seminal secretion, and cures disorders of the spirits, -gonorrhoea, and seminal weakness. Take 24 grs. of the dried -flower in powder, and eat with milk and sugar, for the cure of the -above-mentioned disorders. Ext. Maadentezerrabad. - -171 Burruntaaki.--A name for Buretta. - -172 Purundha.--A name for Mahameet. - -173 Pursarnie.--Hot and purgative, pungent and strengthening; expels -wind, disperses phlegm, &c. In the Maadentezerrabad, Pursarnie is -said to be a medicine of India; hot and dry, beneficial in leprosy, -boils and pains in the joints, mucous disorders, and flatulence. - -174 Berahumnie, or Berrumdundie.--A wild plant, growing very low, with -very thin branches and dark-red flowers, having small prickles on them; -it is sweet, cool and light, increases knowledge and memory, relieves -pains in the back, clears the voice, and is useful in marasmus, -seminal weakness, and fever. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus -described--Beramdundie, a medicine of India, with prickles on its -flowers; hot and dry: seven scruples in powder taken in cow's milk, -increases memory; is aphrodisiac, and beneficial in mania; it also -removes too great irritability in the seminal vessels. - -175 Berahumie.--I have given a description of this separately, -as it is so done in the Maadentezerrabad. A medicine of India, of -the herb tribe; pungent, astringent, hot and dry in the 2d degree; -beneficial in cholicks, phlegm, epilepsy, depression of spirits, -fever from mucus, and delirium from cold; it is also stomachic. - -176 Peroza, or Berektummun.--A common stone, called in India Feroza. It -is astringent and sweet, stomachic, and an antidote to all poisons. - -177 Biscopra.--Trianthema Pentandra. A wild grass, of a spreading -kind, about 1 1/2 or a yard long; its leaves are like those of the -Bookla Yemania, but rather less; its flowers are of a red yellowish -color, and the whole plant forms itself into a circle on the ground -of about half a yard in diameter. It is bitter, sweet, hot and dry, -also aperient. It cures boils, disorders from mucus, bile, blood, -wind, swellings, and creates appetite. It forms an ingredient in many -formulÊ. One kind of this is red, and is called Rukit Bhitt; bitter -and powerfully stomachic; cool, light, and inducing costiveness; -producing wind, beneficial in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood. - -178 Pystha.--The Pistachio Nut. Sweet, hot, oleaginous, heavy, -aphrodisiac, and detergent; useful in disorders of wind and mucus, -and difficult of digestion. A. Fystuk. - -179 Pysturling.--A name of Chitchera or Chirchera, so called from -its fixing itself in one's clothes. - -180 Bussunti.--A flower of a yellow color; cool, light, pungent, -powerfully diminishing all the secretions and sensible perspiration. Of -a sweet smell, and pleasant to the taste. - -181 Bishnookrantha.-- A kind of Biscopra, of a pungent nature, -strengthening the mental faculties; vermifuge; beneficial in boils, -eruptions and mucous disorders. Some writers have given it under the -head Kuneyr. - -182 Bishash.--A name for Oostoochoodoos. - -183 Boqun, or Bookla, or Book.--A plant, the branches of which are -very thin, the leaves small, long and pointed; the flowers small and -white, growing on every knot of the plant; they are round, useful -in disorders from poison, phlegm, bile, and in dysuria. It also is -lithontriptic, and beneficial in general heat and delirium. - -184 Bukochie.--Conyza, or Serratula Anthelmintica. One kind of -which is white, both sweet, astringent, and stomachic, powerfully -cool and dry. They are aperient, producing flatulent, tension of -the belly, promote appetite, and useful in disorders of blood and -bile, difficulty of breathing, leprosy, seminal weakness, fever, -and worms. The plant is carminative, and its seed increases bile, -is useful in white leprosy, disorders of wind and phlegm, and forms -an ingredient in many of the formula. - -185 Bagerie.--Alauda. A bird, the flesh of which is cool, sweet, -and dry; beneficial in disorders of bile and mucus. In my opinion -it is hot and aphrodisiac; also cardiac, and increases corpulency; -it cleanses the blood, and is a very proper food for aged persons, -those of a cold temperament, or such as labour under cold diseases. - -186 Bukaen.--Melia Sempervirens. (A species of the bead-tree.) The -Hindoos call it Mahaneeb, vide M. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus -described: Bukaen, is a common tree, cool, dry, and bitter; useful -in disorders of the blood, gravel, swellings, and miliary eruptions, -also piles and lumbago. If 9 mashas of the seed be bruised, mixed with -equal parts of sugar, and taken every morning in water, it will stop -the discharge from the bleeding piles; or if a seer of the seeds, when -they have become yellow, be infused in two seers of water, and buried -in the ground for 21 days, taken out, and 1/4 seer drank every morning -for six months, it will certainly cure leprosy; both Juzam and white. - -187 Pushanbedh.--A. Jeuntiana. Its oil is equally beneficial, as -that before recommended for strengthening particular organs. This -and the Jeuntian are of a very different appearance, they are either -distinct plants, or have become different from peculiarity of soil -or cultivation. It is a root of a dirty-red color, or when broken, -of a bright red; in figure a little crooked. It is cool and laxative; -it is lithontriptic, cures seminal weakness, and gonorrhoea. My -late uncle used half of this, and half Mendhi, as an application -to the inside of the hands and soles of the feet of women laboring -under immoderate flow of the menses, and equal benefit was derived, -as is usually done from the Mendhi. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is -called cool and dry, removing flatulence, bile, thirst, heat, dysuria, -gravel, contraction of the urethra, and difficult menstruation. - -For the cure of the above-mentioned complaints, it is to be given in -water; but for seminal weakness, gonorrhoea, dysuria, &c. it is to be -taken in goat's milk. The dose is six mashas. It grows in stony places. - -188 Buckree, or ChËrie, q. vide - -189 Becktindeek.--A kind of Teindoo, q. vide - -190 Palass.--Butea Frondosa. A very common tree, called also Pullae; -it is a large forest tree, which in season loses its leaves and -throws out flowers of an orange or fire color; its leaves are oval; -their breadth about 3 or 4 inches; it is hot, laxative, and stomachic; -used in boils, eruptions, Badqola, gravel, piles, worms, and broken -bones. It is written, that when the white flowers of the Daak are -found, and any one shall eat the seeds and the bark of them, their -hearts will be cleansed, their understanding increased, and they -shall then ever be endowed with supernatural knowledge; it may be -advisable to eat moong ka dall along with it. Its flowers are called -Tesoo; they are astringent, curing disorders of mucus, bile, blood, -and difficulty in making water. If a decoction is prepared from -the flowers, and poured warm from a height on the parts, it will be -found useful in pains of the kidneys, bladder, and in suppression of -urine. It is diuretic, and if given with medicines of that class, -it will add greatly to their efficacy. The flowers are excellent -as a fomentation in pains; also hydrocele and schirrous swellings -of the testicle may be greatly benefitted by it. The seeds called -Palass papra, are hot and light; they cure seminal weakness, piles, -worms, and disorders of wind and mucus. In the Maadentezerrabad, -"Palass papra is said to be like the seed of the Amultas, round, -broad, and thin, of a dark-brown color; its kernel white, or yellowish, -and perfectly insipid: it is oleaginous, and smells when chewed." In -my opinion, it is useful in phlegm, and the root is beneficial in -cholic. The nurses of Hindoostan put one seed into the mixture, -which they exhibit after parturition, with much benefit, as it is -cardiac. The capsule when whole is also used in decoction. The dose -to an adult is four or five seeds, but beyond that, the opinion of -the physician is necessary. I have used the bark of the seed and the -capsule made into pills, with great success, when mixed with Goor. - -191 Belaikund.--"Maadentezerrabad." A medicine of India, also called -Pullai seed, or Kaika; a seed red, round, and about the size of -a pice, but thinner: it is light as a leaf, and is hot, and dry -in the third degree. Applied to blisters on the tongue, to boils, -or other eruptions; it removes the bad skin, and cleanses the parts -below. It is purgative; removes wind, and every complaint of mucus, -cold, or itch; its corrector is ghee, or butter, and its succedaneum -Koonush. The dose is three and a half masha, or 12 grains. - -192 Palass Peepul.--Hibiscus Populneoides, (Roxb.) A large tree, of -the Peepul kind; its leaves and fruit large, moist and aphrodisiac; -producing phlegm and worms. - -193 Pulwull.--Trichosanthes Dioeca, (Roxb.) A culinary vegetable, -of the cucumber kind, oval in its shape; the plant low, and creeping, -like the Kanoorie or Cutcherie; they sometimes sow it with the Paan. It -is eaten either (when boiled) by itself, or dressed with meat; it is -hot and moist; promotes digestion; and strengthens the stomach and -powers of virility; creates appetite; cures cough and disorders of the -blood, and lessens the other three secretions. It is also beneficial in -fevers, boils, and eruptions. It is vermifuge; its leaves are cooling, -and cure disorders. Its branches remove superabundance of phlegm, and -its root is pungent and aperient, strengthening the stomach. Equal -in its degree. Again, it is said to be a fruit eaten by the people -of India, sown and cultivated with the Paan, because it delights -in shady places. Useful in fever, piles, and mental debility; it is -aperient and promotes digestion; and some say, an antidote to poison. - -194 Billie.--The Cat; its meat is sweet, hot, and moist: of use in -mucous and flatulent disorders. - -195 Billoousseeke.--Astringent; removes disorders of wind, phlegm, -cholick, or other pain of the bowels. The Bale which bears no fruit, -is called by this name. - -196 Byll.--Cratoeva, or ∆gle Marmelos. The fruit of jungle-tree, -like the Quince; called also Bale. - -197 Bylla.--A name for Shahudae, Keekwon, Kangi, and Bursali. - -198 Bulka.--Likewise a name for Kangi. - -199 Bunda.--Epidendrum Tessillatum, (Missletoe.) Epidendron -Tesseloides, (Roxb.) I know not whether this is in itself a tree, -or a shrub, or from whence it makes its appearance; but it is found -growing from the branches of other trees. It is dry, and beneficial -in disorders of mucus, wind, and blood; in boils and eruptions, -and as an antidote to poisons. - -200 Pynvar or Toeroota.--A species of Cassia Obtusifolia. A wild shrub -of India, about one or one and a half yard high, its seed is used -for food, and is reckoned among the farinÊ; it grows like the Mooth, -especially when it is split down the middle. The color of the capsule -is brownish, long, and has an indented mark on both sides. It is sweet, -cool, dry, light, and useful in disorders of wind, bile, Juzam, Daad, -and worms. It also produces an exhilaration of the spirits. I have -found that three masha bruised, and mixed with a pound of curdled milk, -placed in an earthen vessel for three days, till it becomes fermented, -is very useful when externally applied in psora and other kinds of -itch. The seed is heating, and generally mentioned as such. It is -also light, and beneficial in itch, Daad, Zaerbad, Soorkhbad, and -produces phlegm. Its leaves and young stalks are light; and produce -flatulence and mucus. It is called by many Chukwund. - -201 Ponauk.--An Indian flower, sweet and cool; useful in disorders -of the blood, bile, and mucus. - -202 Punk.--In Arabic Vaheel. P. Lae, (wet clay). Cool and laxative; -useful in general heat in hemorrhoids, and in swellings of the body. - -203 Bunbele.--The flower of the wild Raibele. It is astringent, -lithontriptic, and recommended in mucous and windy disorders, and in -suppression of urine. - -204 Pindole.--A white earth, used for cleaning houses; sweet, cool, -moist, astringent, and beneficial in that species of leprosy, called -Soorkhbad; also in bilious disorders, and affections of the uterus. It -is also said to clear the complexion. - -205 Pendaloo.--Trewia Nudiflora, (Lin.) Rottlera Indica, (Wild.) This -is of two kinds; a white, and a red. The latter is probably that called -Roomis, vide R.; the white is always called Pendaloo. It is sweet, -cool; difficult of digestion; aphrodisiac; useful in lessening bilious -secretion, in dysuria and heat, and in heightening the animal spirits. - -206 Pindaluck, or Pindal, vide Pendaloo. - -207 Bunpowarie.--The flower of the wild Powarie, which blows in the -hot weather; there is one kind of this, which flowers in the rains; -both are bitter, cool, light; lessens the three principal secretions, -and is useful in affections of the ear, nose, and mouth. - -208 Pindkhajoor, vide Bhoomkhajoor. - -209 Punna.--A name for the stone, called Zamoorud. - -210 Bunslochun.--A substance produced in the hollow joints of the -bamboo; cool and allaying thirst; removing hectic fever, common fever, -difficulty of breathing, bilious disorders, foulness of blood, and -jaundice. It is called in Arabic Tubasheer. - -211 Poondereek.--A name for Kawul. - -212 Benowla.--The Cotton-seed. Moist, and heavy; causes bile, increases -seminal secretion and milk, both in the human and brute creation. - -213 Punchcheer.--Name of a compound made of the milk of five trees; -viz. Burr, Peepul, Palass peepul, Goolur, Pakur; some, in place -of Palass peepul substitute the Seriss. It is astringent, useful -in boils, eruptions, swellings, and sudden inflammatory eruptions; -(Eczema Rubrum;) also affections of the vagina. It increases seminal -secretion and milk, and promotes the union of fractured limbs. The -leaves of the above-mentioned trees are cool, light, and astringent; -very beneficial in disorders of mucus, wind, and the blood; their -fruit produces swellings of the belly, but is useful in eruptions -caused by superabundance of bile and disorders of mucus. - -214 Pungekool.--A formula of four ingredients; viz. Peepul, Peepulajab, -Chittea, and dried Ginger. It creates appetite, and is recommended -in disorders of wind, mucus, swellings of the belly, produced by -affections of the urinary bladder, and bad-gola. - -215 Punjemool.--Two kinds, called large and small, by way of -distinction. The large is composed of Bale, Aginmunth, Padill, -K·shmerie Sheonak. Its taste is bitter and astringent; it is light, -hot, and stomachic; dissolves animal fat, cures disorders of phlegm, -wind, and difficulty of breathing. The small is composed of Gookhroo, -Salpurbi, Bureshtpurbi, Bereta, Rutai. Its taste is sweet, and its -properties are in equilibrium. It strengthens the system in general, -and is useful in disorders of bile and wind. - -216 Bindaal.--A creeping plant, which is found on trees; it resembles -the Kusseroo, and its seed is dark-colored, like those of the Till. Its -capsule is somewhat larger than that of the Kusseroo, covered with a -black rind, which also covers a second. It is very beneficial in the -Zaerbad of horses; is pungent, and creates appetite, and is useful -in wind and mucus. It is common to hills, plains, and ditches. In -the Maadentezerrabad it is said to be a cure for hydrophobia, in the -quantity of two fruits mixed with black pepper. It is said to be -an Indian fruit like the black Hurrhe, light, bitter and elastic: -its rind is hard; and the best kind of it is yellow. It is hot and -dry in the 3rd degree. If pounded and sifted, and after a motion -introduced into the rectum, it will in a few days cause the separation -of hemorrhoids and their discharge. A fumigation of these seeds -is also very beneficial in external piles. If they are bruised and -mixed with cow's ghee, and introduced into the nose, they will cure -irritability of temper and epilepsy, and remove all complaints arising -from wind. If two or three seeds be moistened with water for a night, -and in the morning two or three drops be introduced into the nose, -it will produce the discharge of that yellow fluid from the brain -which causes the disease named Pirbaal, or loss of sensation in the -olfactory nerves. - -217 Bindeakurkotheki.--A name for Banjekakora, so called from its -barrenness; pungent, useful in poisons and cough. - -218 Puns.--A name for Kutel. - -219 Punnus.--An appellation for Lackutch. - -220 Punealae.--A plant, "Flacourtia Catafracta;" the fruit of which -resembles the Zerdaloo, and is itself like to the Neemb tree; the -leaves are like those of the ratan; unripe, it is green, but when -ripe red. - -221 Poiey.--"Basella Alba et Rubra." A culinary vegetable which -grows slow and creeping; its fruit is black; cool and moist; it is -heavy and rough in the throat, thickens the voice, is soporific; -promotes the secretion of semen and mucus, and cures eruptions from -bilious disorder. - -222 Podhka or Boleserie.--A large tree with very beautiful flowers, -of a sweet smell. It bears fruit like, or rather having the color -of the orange, in size and shape like the Baer, or Bulooth; it is -cool, beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and affections of the -teeth, as has been ascertained by experience. The fruit is cool and -astringent, flatulent, and diminishes phlegm and bile. If chewed and -kept in the mouth, it cures tooth-ache. - -223 Boont.--"Cicer Arietenum." The green, unripe Gram. It is in the -opinion of Indian physicians cool and dry; allays chordee; increases -wind; is light, flatulent, and also favors secretion of bile and -blood. The Yunani physicians differ very materially from those of -Hindoostan respecting its properties. - -224 Potie.--"Cyprinus Chyssopareius," (Buch.) A very small fish; heavy, -and increasing phlegm; it is the smallest of all fish; sweet to the -taste, beneficial in all the three secretions, All the varieties of -small fish are strengthening and aphrodisiac; stomachic, and useful -in affections of wind and cough. - -225 Potuck.--A kind of honey, resembling ghee; hot, dry, and light. - -226 Ponda.--Saccharum Officinarum, (Sugar-cane). Sweet, cool, moist, -heavy, and aphrodisiac; strengthening the system; enlivening the flow -of animal spirits; beneficial in bilious disorders, and is diuretic. It -increases the secretion of mucus, and breeds worms in the intestines. - -That which is of a red color, is cool and heavy, and allays general -heat; useful in disorders of bile and blood: remedies suppression -of urine. The black Sugar-cane is in its properties like that which -is white. The very best is cool and moist, aphrodisiac, laxative, -and increases mucus. - -227 Bole.--"Myrrha." A name for myrrh; cool, increases knowledge; -creates appetite; improves a relish for food; cleanses the uterus; -beneficial in disorders of the blood and bile, and in Juzam. - -228 Podeena.--"Mentha Sativa, W. Mentha Crissa, Murray, ii. 178, -Mentha viridis, Woodville, iii. 463." Arabic, Nana. It is hot and -dry; promotes digestion; allays vomiting from phlegm; is vermifuge, -peculiarly aphrodisiac; increases eye-sight, and is astringent. - -229 Phalisae or Ph·lsa.--The fruit of a tree of Hindoostan, of two -kinds. One sweet, the other acid; the first is called Shukurie, the -second Sherbuttee. The tree of one is small, not above a yard high. The -other is as large as a mulberry tree. The fruit of the acid kind is the -largest; its leaves large, round, and partially indented. The fruit -is at first green, and astringent; when nearly ripe it is rich, and -when it arrives at maturity it assumes a dark-purple color; when red, -it is very acid; and when purple, of a sweetish acidity. The fruit is -like the nightshade berry, or even larger. It is very grateful to the -taste, and beneficial in disorders arising from a redundance of bile -and blood; loosens phlegm, and is less prejudicial than any other acid -fruits. It is also astringent; allays thirst; strengthens the stomach -and system. Its sherbet is excellent in strengthening the circulation, -and removing depression of spirits in heat, fever, and giving tone -to the stomach. It is also recommended in many other disorders. Its -sherbet is a corrector of the mogane. If 48 grains of the bark of the -root of the sweet Ph·lsa be infused for a night in water, and then -rubbed and strained, the infusion forms an excellent remedy in ardor -urinÊ and gonorrhoea; yet the sweet kind is less cooling than the -acid species, though I have found the former the most effectual in -giving strength to the circulation and to the stomach. The expressed -juice of the Ph·lsa in water, boiled, is used as a condiment. - -230 Bhangra.--Eclipta, or Verbesina Prostrata. A small creeping plant; -its flowers very minute. Some of them white, others of a dark color; -the leaves small, in branches and leaves resembling the mint. Another -species is called Kookur Bhangra; the plant of which is high, long, -and large. It is found at the bottom of old walls. It is bitter, -hot, pungent, and dry; cleanses the skin; cures affections of wind, -phlegm, complaints of the eyes, pains in the head and Juzam. It forms -an ingredient in many famous formulÊ. If it be dug up by the roots on a -Sunday, and dried in the shade; washed seven times in the Bale sherbet, -and as often dried in the shade; and as much as may be contained in -the palm of the hand, be eaten daily by those afflicted with white -leprosy and Juzam, the disorders will be removed. The seed bruised -with black Till and sugar, and eaten, will strengthen the senses of -hearing and seeing, and will promote longevity. If during the four -rainy months, the Bhangra be used with the hurrha, bhaera, and anula, -in equal parts, and a fourth part of peepul, every disorder will be -removed, and the hair will become black. - -In the Maadentezerrabad, it is said, that Bhangra is a shrub, like -the Anjedan, but somewhat larger, of a purple or reddish color; -disagreeable to the taste; hot, and dry. Of this there are three -kinds: a yellow, green, and black; it improves the eye-sight, is -beneficial in phlegm and swellings, white leprosy, Juzam, burns, -and black spots in the face. Recent writers have said much of the -virtues of the black kind; its seed is in its properties equal; -beneficial in disorders of wind, phlegm, foulness of blood, blisters, -and difficulty of breathing. If for 50 days nine masha be pounded, -bruised, and taken in water, the hair will not become white. If the -plant (black) be dried in the shade, and six masha be taken for two -months, it will blacken the hair. It is the best external application -for colouring the hair.--See Singia. - -231 Phirrhud.--The name of a tree in India. Vermifuge; it cures -flatulency, disorders of mucus and blood. An antidote to poisons; -induces corpulency, and remedies seminal weakness. - -232 Bhoje Puttur, called also Burje Puttur, (the birch bark.)--A -tree common in Cashmere; the bark of which may be separated into -numerous layers, like the talc, and each layer resembles paper.--The -layers are variegated, and colored with straight lines; white and -red. The Cashmerians use it as paper; in its medical properties, -it is beneficial in disorders of phlegm, bile, and blood; ear-ache, -and possession by evil spirits. In India it is used for making hookah -snakes; and if clothes be lined with it, it will prevent them from -being stained with perspiration. In Persian, it is called Tooze. - -233 Bhoum amulek.--The anula tree, without the principal root; it -is bitter and astringent, cool, and producing flatulence; it allays -thirst, cough, disorders of bile, blood, and phlegm; it cures marasmus, -and is useful in hurts. - -234 Phoje.--Cool and heavy, astringent and useful in bilious eruptions, -and disorders from phlegm. - -235 Pockurmool.--A root; bitter, pungent, hot and stomachic; useful -in disorders of wind and phlegm, in fevers, swellings, difficulty of -breathing, and in affections of the liver. - -236 Bharingee.--The bark of a tree in the hills; bitter, pungent, -hot, and dry; promotes appetite; remedies disorders of indigestion, -swellings, cough, disorders of wind, phlegm, difficulty of breathing, -fever, and pains in the uterus. - -237 BhÊr.--The name for a sheep, called also Mendha. - -238 Bhains.--The Buffalo, called also Mahaki. - -239 Bheria.--The Wolf; also named Bhuddha. Its flesh is heavy, -beneficial in disorders of wind, in affections of the eye, and -clears the voice. Its teeth rubbed down in water forms an effectual -application in specks of the cornea. This was used by my father with -success. If the teeth be suspended from the neck of a child, it will -preserve the child from the effects of an evil eye. A. Zeeb. P. Goorg. - -240 Phunjeetuck.--A species of Loonia; a culinary green. - -241 Bhuhira.--"Terminalia Bellerica, (Roxb. MS.) Beleric -myrobalan. P. Beyleyleh." In taste it is astringent; grateful during -the process of digestion; hot, dry, and beneficial in disorders of -phlegm, bile, and cough; strengthens the eyes, hair of the head, and -the brain. It produces a slight degree of intoxication. A. Baleludje. - -242 Bhelawj.--"Bela, Semicarpus Anacardium." It is astringent and sweet -to the taste; hot and light. It promotes appetite; is aphrodisiac; -cures disorders of the wind and phlegm; useful in dropsy, flatulence, -Juzam, piles, diarrhoea, Badgola, fever, and white leprosy. It is -vermifuge, and used in boils and eruptions. A. Bil‚do˙r. - -I have found that its kernel used as an ingredient in a decoction -intended to promote aphrodisia, (having used it myself,) is effectual; -it strengthens the stomach and powers of virility, and cures colds -beyond any other medicine. - -A friend of mine had a very severe cold in his head, for which he had -taken much medicine without relief. I first gave him the Nux Vomica to -supplant the habit of eating opium, to which he had become addicted: -from this he derived partial benefit; but it soon became as difficult -to refrain from this as from the opium. I then gave him the kernel -of the Bela made into pills with honey, and cured him of his disorder. - -I also gave it to a woman who had a swelling on both sides of the -uterus, which was daily increasing, and this it also cured. - -In short, this is a drug, that when it agrees with the patient, -no medicine is equal in efficacy; but when it disagrees, no drug is -more prejudicial. It will be prudent not to give it to any one of a -hot temperament. - -243 Bhoom Kajoor.--A tree as tall as the Taar tree. The stem rough -and serrated; the leaves only growing at the top; they are long and -hard, and used in making mats. The tree is also called Pinkajoor. It -is sweet, cool, and moist; it allays pain, and is an excellent -application in bruises. It is beneficial in disorders of blood, wind, -bile, and debility. The Pinkajoor is brought from Mooltan or Tattla, -and in A. is called Rittub. - -The Rittub, which is brought from Mecca, is aphrodisiac; strengthens -the kidnies, back, tone of the stomach, and corrects a cold phlegmatic -temperament. This is ascertained from experience. It also increases -the volume of blood; but if much is used, it produces a fermentation -therein, unless habit has rendered it innocent. - -244 Bhehi.--"The Quince. The seed very mucilaginous, and excellent -in diarrhoea and dysentery." A species of pear, of a yellow color. - -245 Boochitter.--Some call it Beechitt˙r; it is cool and -heavy, aperient, strengthening, increasing the three principal -secretions. A. Jamarookh and Koombi; also Gagundool, vide K. - -246 Bhuiteroor.--Whoever shall use this as their only food for one -month, their youth will be prolonged, and their hair remain black. It -will strengthen the solids, and give universal strength. If it be -ate for 40 days, it will produce a sweet smell from the body. It is -laxative, and in A. called Soonamookey. "Cassia Senna." - -247 Bhoeperus.--A name of honey. - -248 Bhang.--"Canabis Sativa;" a name for Kainib, called also Bidjia; it -is pungent, bitter, hot, light, and astringent; it promotes appetite, -cures disorders of phlegm, produces idiotism; is the cause of foolish -speech and conduct, or in other words, it intoxicates; if used in -excess it produces fever, and it increases all the deleterious effects -of poison. - -The author of the Dhar· Shekoi says, that when he was digging -the foundation of a house in Bengal, he found a board, on which -the effects of this drug was written, and on this it was recorded, -that Mahadeo used constantly to eat of this, and that from its use, -he derived the wonderful aphrodisiac power, with which he was gifted; -he says he has tried it, and found it very beneficial. - -Take of Bidjia 64 tolahs, when the sun is in the division Sirtaam, -white sugar 32 tolahs, and pure honey 16 tolahs, cow's ghee 34 -tolahs. First fry the Bidjia in the ghee, then add the honey in a -boiling state, afterwards the sugar: use this in moderate doses daily, -and when it has been used for two months, strength and intelligence -will have become increased, and every propensity of youth restored; -the eye-sight cleared, and all eruptions of the skin removed; it will -prove an exemption from convulsions and debility, and preserve the -bowels at all times in a state of order. It will likewise give an -additional zest for food. - -249 Bhoom Kudum.--A kind of Kudum. - -250 Bhendi.--A very common vegetable of the culinary kind, from 2 to -3 inches in height: very mucilaginous. It is sweet; produces wind and -phlegm; it diminishes bile; is diuretic, and increases the seminal -secretion. "Hibiscus Esculentus." - -251 Phaar.--The author of the Cashmee calls it the medicine of Shaik -Furried, because it was a great favorite of his. It is common at -Agra and Delhi; it is bitter, and difficult of digestion, and hot; it -cures fever from phlegm and bile, also diarrhoea and indigestion, and -cholicky pains in the bowels. Its virtues are many, but too numerous -for the compass of this work. The people of Hindost'han use it as a -culinary vegetable with much benefit. - -252 Bhindale.--The name of Bhindal. - -253 Phankra.--Mahomed Cassim says, that this tree is the D·rsheesh·n, -and that the name of its bark is Kagphill; it is hot, and easy of -digestion; it lessens the secretion of wind and phlegm. It is aperient, -and corrects a bad taste in the mouth. - -254 Bhapungi.--The author of the Cashmee says, that this is the Anjidan -Roomi. It is pungent bitter, and hot, and is useful in removing coughs -from phlegm, asthma, swellings, wounds, worms in the stomach, heat, -and fever. - -255 Phitkerrie.--"Sulphate of Alumine, Alumen. F. Alaun, G. Allume, -I. Alumbre. S. Sphatica. Shan Shub, A." Pungent, astringent, -transparent. It increases and clears the complexion; is beneficial -in seminal weakness and dysuria, in all complaints of the vagina, -in vomiting, and in thirst. - -256 Bheroza.--Called also Gundha Bheroza, (Turpentine.) In its -properties it approaches the Koondhur; but its effects are more -drying. If a tent be made with this, and applied or introduced into -the vagina, it will cure any affection to which that may be subject, -and prevent habitual abortion. - -257 Bhateele.--In Persian called Goolqunda. A. Verdmoonuttin. - -258 Bhoodill.--The name of a piece of Talc. - -259 Bhoothpees.--A name for the Ram. - -260 Phaloke.--A name for Arloo. - -261 Bhu'th Kutaeye.--The name of both kinds of Kutai, "Solanum -Jacquini." - -262 Bhohphilly.--A creeping grass, the fibres of which are very thin, -and its leaves very small. Its seed vessels are numerous, thin, and -small, about the size of the nail of the finger; it is aphrodisiac, -and thickens the seminal fluid. - -263 Phooth.--"Cucumis Momordica," (Roxb.) P. Dustumboeah. Its -properties approach those of the melon when unripe. In my opinion, -as nature has given it a sweet smell, it must be beneficial in -strengthening the heart and brain; but it encourages the attack of -putrid fever. It is used to form a sherbet with sugar and rose-water, -for the above-mentioned beneficial purposes. - -264 Bhuntaki.--("The wild Bhengun; is the Solanum Melongena,") a name -for Badinjan; sweet, pungent, and penetrating, and during digestion, -bitter, hot, and light; beneficial in diminishing phlegm and bile, -strengthens the circulation, clears the complexion, promotes appetite, -and cures fever and cough. - -When ripe, it is hot and heavy, and increases the bilious -secretion. The white kind is inferior in virtue to the black. Some -call it hot, others cold. I have from experience found it excellent in -giving strength to the stomach; that it is very drying, and produces -vitiated bile; from this circumstance it prevents sleep, or produces -unpleasant dreams: its correctors are ghee or oil. Although I have -stated all these properties, yet as a culinary vegetable it is in -very general use, it cannot possess them in any great degree; it is -called Benghun. - -265 Pechuck.--A name for Bidjosaar. - -266 Beedjbund.--(From the Maadentezerrabad.) A medicine of India, red -and black; its seed resembles that of the onion, red and shining; -the red kind is to be preferred. It is aphrodisiac, increases -seminal secretion, strengthens the back and loins. It is cool and -dry, flatulent and difficult of digestion; its corrector is sugar; -its sucoedaneum, the seed of the Antungun. The dose is one miskal -with equal parts of sugar. - -267 Benth.--"Calamus Rotang." Of this there are many kinds; one kind -called ToÊikam, another Jillbenth, a fourth Itchill; the whole four are -cool and cure swellings, piles, pains in the uterus, boils, eruptions, -acne, difficulty in voiding urine, are lithonthriptic, useful in -affections of wind and mucus, also foulness of blood. Jillbenth is -astringent and flatulent, and Itchill is an antidote to poison. - -268 Peetul.--(Brass.) P. Bering. It is not an original metal, but -a composition. In its properties it is equally cool, hot, and dry; -it cures disorders of wind, phlegm, jaundice, and affections of the -spleen. A kind of this is called Sonepeetul. - -269 Peepul.--"Ficus Religiosa." A tree of India, very large and -common; the young leaves are green, but when well formed become -yellowish; it is cool; cures disorders of bile, phlegm, and blood; -is useful in boils and eruptions. The bark of the tree is aphrodisiac, -strengthens the loins, and restrains watery discharge from the urethra; -and this I have found from experience. Some say, this is called in -P. Lirzan. Its fruit is about twice the size of the PhaÏsa. It tastes -like the fig. It is called Peepulie, and is when ripe of a yellowish -color. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus mentioned. "The Peepul -tree in Persian is called Lirzan; in the opinion of the inhabitants -of India, cool and dry. Its fruit diminishes the secretion of bile, -promotes digestion, relaxes the bowels; and if the bark be infused in -water and applied to boils, it will hasten suppuration and promote the -discharge of the matter; if the bark be burnt and thrown into water, -it will quickly purify it." - -270 Bale.--A name for Raebale; cool and light; cures disorders of -phlegm, and is an antidote to poisons. - -271 Baele.--"Called also Byll, Cratoeva, or ∆gle Marmelos; Wood -Apple." The name of a fruit which grows like the quince; its seeds -are larger than those of the Ryhan. I have seen the tree, it is like -the Bukaen; its leaves very soft and tender, broad and long, somewhat -like the Moong: on each small sprig it has three leaves. Some have -said that it was originally wild, but subsequently brought into our -gardens; that which is now in gardens is larger than that which grows -uncultivated. The fruit is hollowed out and used as snuff-boxes, and -for several other purposes. It is a very common tree in India; it is -bitter, astringent, and a little sweetish, hot, and moist; when ripe it -is heavy, producing phlegm, bile, and wind, causing heat of stomach, -and is difficult of digestion. It destroys appetite and induces -costiveness; but unripe it is light, strengthens the circulation, -and the whole body; induces costiveness; increases appetite, hastens -digestion, and cures disorders of wind and phlegm. I have given it -with other medicines for the cure of diarrhoea with good effect. "And -in dysentery, a table-spoonful of the pulp, made into sherbet, and -taken several times a day, has been effectual." - -272 Peeloo.--"Salvadora Persica." "Careya Arborea," (Roxb.) The -Indian name for this, Araak. It is a wild growing shrub, about the -height of a long spear, (8 feet,) with many branches; it is broad -and round in its general appearances; its leaves thin, and about 1/2 -an inch long. The fruit is called Peel or Peeludj; it is hot, light, -and aperient; promotes appetite, cures Badgola, piles, affections of -the spleen and wind; is lithonthriptic; useful in disorders of the -blood; it produces bile, and in all favorite formulÊ, it forms an -ingredient. The fruit is also called Jhal; it is bitter, laxative, -lessens phlegm, general heat, Juzam, fever, and worms. The wood of -the Peeloo used as a tooth-brush, is excellent for preserving the gums. - -273 Peoke, or Peossie.--The first milk given by any animal after the -birth of its young. A. Lubba. It increases the bulk of the solids, -and inclination towards aphrodisia, but it causes hiccough, and the -formation of stone in the bladder, and is difficult of digestion; -its corrector is sweetmeats. - -274 Peease.--"Allium Cepa. Agnon, F. Swiebel, G. Cipolla, I. Pallandoo, -S. Onion." A. Bosool. Pungent, and during digestion sweet; hot in -a small degree, and in its effects resembling Garlic. It increases -mucus, removes disorders of wind, and hydrocele. There is a smaller -sort, called Karinjun, which increases bile, produces costiveness, -and cures piles. There is a third kind, which when dried is white, -and is recommended to be kept in any house to prevent the approach -of snakes or any venomous reptiles. - -275 Peeplamool.--The name given to the root of the Peepul tree, -but some give the name to the whole tree, and some give the name -to the fibres of the root of any tree; but judging from the name, -I conceive it to be what I have just stated. Mool being root, and -Peepul must indicate the kind of root. The idiom is Indian, and I -think must be correct. It is bitter and pungent, dry and stomachic; -promotes digestion, cures disorders of wind and phlegm, but impairs -the eye-sight and seminal secretions. - -276 Bear.--Called also Konar, "Ziziphus Jujuba." Sweet, cool, heavy, -aperient, causes wind, produces corpulency, cures disorders of bile, -wind, blood, general heat, and the disease called Rajerogue; also -allays thirst. Another kind of this, named Husthkool, and a third -called Kurkund, q. vide. - -277 Peeta.--Called also Khunda, q. vide. - -278 Passownie.--A name for ChÌrk·kÛlie. - -279 Bealduntuck.--A name for Kh·rkh˙suck, meaning a snake's tooth. This -is known to every one. - -280 Peeche.--Congee, or rice water; it is cool and allays thirst; -it is proper food for the sick; drank with rose water, Beelemoosk -and sugar, or with pomegranate sherbet, it produces cold, strengthens -the circulation, and entirely allays general heat. - -281 Beerbahootie.--An insect very common in the rainy season, -resembling scarlet velvet; hot in the 3rd and moist in the 2nd deg. One -insect, with the legs taken off, ate with Paan, is very efficacious -in paralytic disorders, and other complaints from cold. Bruised and -mixed with water, it is used as an aphrodisiac, in seminal weakness, -&c. Its oil is also used as an external application in debility brought -on by onanism, and for giving strength to the muscular fibres. Its -succed. is the Kinchua. - -"I have prescribed the Beerbahootie with decided good effects in -paralysis, commencing with one and increasing to three or four in -the day: 1 or 2 given with a little pounded nutmeg is said to be very -efficacious in spasms in the bowels of children." - -282 Talmukara, or Talmukana.--"Bartleria longifolia." A seed, -very small, and like the zeera, red, the color of Toodrie, but the -Toodrie is round, whereas this is longish and smaller. The plant -is knotted like a reed, and has prickles on the joints. The flower -is like the lotus, but is whiter. It is cool and heavy; increases -seminal secretion, and cures disorders of wind and blood; it forms -an ingredient in all aphrodisiac formulÊ; it is taken mixed with -cow's milk, either cold or boiled. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is -thus described. - -Talmukana is a medicine of India; its seed of a brown color, like that -of the Anjera; cool and moist; used as an aphrodisiac, in cases of -seminal weakness, in gonorrhoea, and in chancres. It is astringent; -strengthens the system; is flatulent, and not easy of digestion: -its corrector is sugar; its succed. Moosliesia. The dose six masha. - -283 Taal, or Taar.--"Borassus Flabelliformis." A very high tree, about -60 feet, more or less; very common in the Deccan and in Bengal. At -Agra it is more common than at Delhi; the leaves grow at the top of -the stem; they are broad and long; and of these are formed Punkahs, -which are much esteemed and carried to various parts. They are also -used for writing upon; its fruit is like the cocoanut; the kernel -of the fruit is cut into pieces, and ate with sherbet and sugar; -it is very sweet to the taste, and is called the Tirkool. - -The upper part of the stem of the fruit is cut across, and the -liquid which exudes from the wound, received into earthen vessels -called Labnahs, and these fill several times in the course of the -day. This liquor is called Taarie: when fresh drawn and before the sun -is above the horizon, it is sweet to the taste; but it soon becomes -fermented, and is then intoxicating. It is cool and moist, beneficial -in disorders of wind and bile, also in boils and eruptions. It is -both aperient, and aphrodisiac. A liquor distilled from the Taarie, -is to be preferred: roasted or stewed meat should be eaten along with -it. It produces pains in the limbs, and heaviness of the head, and -is as intoxicating as spirits. The fruit is sweet and cool, heavy and -flatulent, causes pains in the limbs, cures affections of wind, bile, -blood, and bruises; it relieves general heat, and allays thirst. Its -seed is also sweet, cool, and diuretic; useful in disorders of wind -and bile. P. Khoormae Aboojile, or Khoormae Hindee. A. it is called -Doom, but the author of the Munhage says, that Doom means the Googul -tree. The Maadentezerrubad thus describes it: taar is a tree like -the date tree; its leaves about a yard long; the kernel of the fruit -is often sold for the sea cocoanut. The juice of this tree is the -taarie, so well known; it is equally hot and cold, and moist in the -2nd degree. It is aphrodisiac and diuretic, induces corpulency, and if -taken to excess produces intoxication and head-ache. If fresh drawn, -it is sweet and less intoxicating; but allowed to remain for a night, -it becomes acid, and then it is very inebriating. The fresh taarie -improves the complexion, moistens the brain; is beneficial in hectic -fever, in difficulty of breathing, in depression of the spirits, -and is aperient. If allowed to remain long, it becomes sour, smells -very strong; is heating, and causes vomiting and indigestion. - -In the Lyzuttoor rejal, it is thus mentioned: taarrie is an -intoxicating produce of the taar tree, very common to the eastward. The -tree resembles the date tree, but its leaves are different: when fresh, -the taarie is hot and moist, induces corpulency; is aphrodisiac, -diuretic, and when it has acquired a strong smell, is intoxicating, -and in that state, it is very heating, and produces indigestion, -with heaviness of the brain. The sherbet of the pomegranate allays -vomiting brought on by its use. Its succedaneum is a decoction of -dates called Sendhi. - -284 Taalesputter.--A name of Talesphir; of this there are many -and various accounts, some call it the leaf of the wild olive, -zeatoon, and others call it the bark of the Lissaan nulaej safeer, -or Biss'bassa. The author of the Topha says, that he considers it the -same as the Tewaje Kutai. The people of India deem it hot, light, -aphrodisiac, stomachic, promoting digestion, curing difficulty of -breathing, cough, disorders of phlegm, badgola, and hectic fever. - -285 Tanbirr.--"Copper." It is sweet, cool, light, and aperient: -cures disorders of bile and phlegm; useful in marasmus, Juzam, piles, -asthma, swellings, cough, and ague. It is caustic, and in A. is called -Nowhass. P. Miss. The physicians of India use it in a calcined form, -and speak much in its favour. If it be properly prepared, it will -be soluble in water. In my opinion, if it does not produce heat -in the blood, nausea, pains in the bones, and joints, giddiness, -and confusion of ideas, it will be fortunate, and will be a sign, -that it has been well prepared; and should it stand both these tests, -it may be used with comparative safety. - -286 Taberuck.--A tree, the produce of Arabia; its fruit and flower -resembling the rose; during digestion it is bitter and hot; removes -bile, and blisters, and seminal debility. - -287 Tubasheer, or Tubakeer, names of Bunslochun. - -288 Tuputtee or Typsie, a trefoil grass. - -289 Tatyrie, in P. called Teetoo; a bird, the meat of which produces -wind. "Tringa Goensis." - -290 Tittereek, sometimes called Tintereek.--Its fruit, when unripe, -is beneficial in disorders of wind; is vermifuge, and destroys worms in -the rectum; it is very heavy; but when ripe, is light and astringent, -and is useful in weakness of the digestive organs, and cures disorders -of phlegm and wind. A. Simaak. - -291 Tudje.--Laurus Cassie? Some say that this is Kirfa, and others -Syleekha; also called Keelkheela; it is in Indian works described as -cool and pungent; it cures disorders of phlegm, and more especially -dissipates collections of it in the small intestines; clears the -passage to the stomach or oesophagus, and promotes digestion. - -292 Tedhara.--"Euphorbia Antiquorum." A kind of Seehund. - -293 Turkool.--The fruit of the Taar tree, vide Taal. - -294 Tarkoota, or Terookhun.--The title of a formulÊ composed of peepul, -pepper, and ginger, in equal parts. It creates appetite and promotes -digestion; cures difficulty of breathing, cough, local affections of -the skin, badgola, seminal weakness, phlegm, swelling of the testicles, -and diseases of the nostrils. - -295 Terisgundh or Tirjatuck.--The name of the following formulÊ. Small -cardamums, Kerfa, Tezpat, in equal parts. It is said to remedy -disorders of phlegm. - -296 Tirtuck.--A kind of rice, of the same properties as the Saathie. - -297 Tirmirra.--The best kind of this grows in gardens. It is hot -in the 2nd degree, dry in the 1st. When fresh, it is moist, and its -juice is excellent in wounds and ulcers; it is diuretic and aperient; -produces frequent inclination to aphrodisia, and causes blindness. Its -corrector is K·ou (Lettuce), or Kasni (Endive), or Koorfa, or Till. It -increases the secretion of semen, and thickens its consistence. It -is an antidote to the bite of the mongoose. If bruised and applied to -the root of the acid pomegranate it will render it sweet. A. Jerjeer. - -298 Tersindiaturnie.--A kind of Jeeaphul; see I. - -299 Teraemanna, called also Teraman.--It is cool, sweet, and useful in -pains of the stomach, in mucus, super-abundance of blood, giddiness, -thirst, delirium, poisons, and vomiting. Manna. - -300 Teroor, called also great Dathun.--Bitter and cool; strengthens -eye-sight; cures bile, heat, diseases of the mouth and hepatic -eruptions. - -301 Tirnie.--Cool and sweet, increasing eye-sight, beneficial in -bilious disorders, bile, heat, thirst, vomiting, and eruptions of -the mouth. - -302 Tirdisha.--A name for Mahomeed. - -303 Tyrphilla.--The name for Hurr, Bhaera, and Anula. - -304 Tirpurnie.--An appellation for Jalpurnie or Tirpunnie. - -305 Takkur.--The name given to a mixture of Dhaie and water. - -306 Tuggur.--A name for Asaroon (Asarabece); it is sweet, hot, -moist, light, and an antidote to poisons. It cures epilepsy, -delirium, affections of the eyes, wind, and mucus. One kind of it is -red. (Asarum), excellent errhine. - -307 Teluck.--A flower like the Till; hot, beneficial in mucous -disorders, and Juzam; an ingredient in favourite formulÊ. - -308 Telk.--Ginger. - -309 Till or Tillee.--The name of a seed, from which oil is extracted, -and which leaves much refuse after the oil has been drawn. When green, -it is dry, increases knowledge, and promotes appetite. Is astringent, -reduces corpulency, clears the voice and complexion, and allays -thirst. There are three kinds of this, the 1st called Pooth, the 2nd -Tilbund, or white Till, the 3rd is wild; it is heavy and astringent, -increases mucus and bile, strengthens the head, cures boils, and all -rheumatic affections. Is stomachic, increases knowledge, and restrain -the secretion of urine. The best kind is black, next the white, and -last in order the red. The flower of the Till is useful in disorders -of the eye, such as specks, and that affection called Nachoona, and -is applied mixed with Soorma with good effect. This is stated both -in the Ejalenapheh and Elajejul-umrae. - -310 Toolsi.--"Ocimum Sanctum. (Roxb. MS.) Shrubby, hairy, branches -four-sided, leaves ovate, oblong, serrated with margins, and petioles -hairy; bractes petioled, ovate, cordate, ciliate, upper lip of the -calyx round, cordate, and hairy, with corol twice its length. Its seed, -Tookmi Rehan, H. of a mucilaginous nature." - -A common plant, about a yard high or more; its leaves small and -longish, and serrated at the edges. The Hindoos consider it as very -sacred, and worship it. It is a species of sweet basil (Raihan); -bitter, pungent, hot, cardiac, and stomachic. It increases bile and -general heat, cures Juzam, difficulty in making water, affections of -the liver and blood. - -311 Tumakoo.--Nicotiana Tabacum, W. It is said in the Dara Shekoi, -that it was first sown in India during the reign of Akber, or in -the year of the Hidjera 1014, when it was imported from Europe, and -sown by his order; now it is every where common, and is generally -smoked. In the opinion of Hukeem Alli Gheelanee, it is hot and dry; -its smoke from its heating quality confuses the ideas, and reduces -the strength; from its discutient property, it weakens the brain, -and depresses the spirits. Those who are of a cold, moist temperament, -may derive benefit from its use, but those who are of equal temperament -cannot use it with impunity. It is useful in piles the consequence of -cold, also in waterbrash, and complaints of this nature; it promotes -digestion and dissipates flatulent pains. It increases the strength -of vision when it is weakened by the effects of cold, but adds to it -when it has been caused by heat. In difficulty of breathing or pain -in the chest, proceeding from an accumulation of viscid phlegm, it is -very useful. It is prejudicial in thin spare habits; it shuts all the -passages, decreases the power of the absorbents, and consequently -prevents the absorption of chyle, thereby weakening the system, -and drying up and emaciating the body. It produces hectic fever in -the aged, and many other disorders in which medicine is useless. Its -corrector, according to the author of the Dara Shekoi, is milk; and -he gives this wise reason for it, that cloth stained with the smoke -of tabacco can only be cleaned with milk. It is used in many ways, -chewed, snuffed, smoked, &c. but is least prejudicial when smoked, -after being mixed up with goor and preserves. I have by experience -found it effectual in wind of the stomach, in pains produced by -flatulence, and in the waterbrash; but have found it prejudicial -to those labouring under depression of spirits, or who are subject -to heartburns. - -The dried plant brought from Surat is more drying than any other, -and ought to be washed in rose-water or Bedemushk before use. - -It is used by the Pytans as snuff: as a cephalic it strengthens -the brain, and prevents the effects of indigestion on that organ, -but it should not be used when people have weak eyes from heat. The -author of the Ulfaz Udwiyeh says, that he had a friend who was blind, -and that meeting him afterwards quite recovered, he was surprised to -learn that his cure had been effected by his having smoked equal parts -of tobacco and Sumhaloo; the women eat the Surat tobacco with pawn: -and it increases digestion, and is discutient. It is beneficial in -those temperaments which are cold and moist, and its juice is used -for drying the vagina. - -312 Tamaal.--The Serroe tree. A tree resembling the Jhow, but much -larger; in its properties resembling the Saul. It cures swellings, -general heat, and blister. - -313 Tym.--A kind of fish, producing appetite and general strength. - -314 Tamaalputtur.--A name for Teeridje. Some have called it the leaf -of the Tamaal tree, and named it Serroe, while others have said that it -was the leaf of the Sandal tree. It is therefore uncertain what it is. - -315 Toon.--A kind of reed; its seed like the Benth; its flowers are -used as a dye by the dyers of India, and are of a yellow color; cool, -dry, astringent, producing wind, curing eruptions from an overflow -of bile, also other eruptions of the skin and Juzam. A. Arheekun, -but the author of the Topha says, that Arheekun is a name of the -Isperuck, and that it is not like the Toon. - -316 Toon.--"Cedrela Tuna," W. See Sir W. Jones's description, -vol. 4. As. R. page 273. Powder of the bark and extract used in the -cure of fever. - -317 Tuntureek.--A name for Tuttereek, called also Seem·k. - -318 Tumbole.--A designation for Paan, but what is properly called -so is a preparation used at marriages, composed of Paan bruised and -the juice expressed, mace, nutmeg, cloves, and cardamoms, all bruised -and mixed with sugar, and allowed some time till it ferment. Its use -causes exhiliration of spirits, slight intoxication, and strengthens -the system. It removes wind, is cardiac, and promotes dryness; those -of a hot and dry temperament will be injured by its use; it sweetens -the breath, and is generally known by this name. - -319 Tunkaar.--"Impure Borate of Soda, Boras SodÊ." A name of Borax, -called also Zirkur; it is of two kinds, one white, called Curia, -the other named Telia. The proportion of both are the same; it is -refrigerant and detergent; strong, hot, and useful in mucus and wind, -cough, and asthma. It is burnt in the fire, pounded, and with equal -parts of Aloes and a little treacle made into pills, and as many -used daily as will agree with the stomach. These will remove pains in -the stomach, internal parts, chronic cough, difficulty of breathing, -or any complaint of that nature. It is recommended, that it be taken -every day for at least 20 days, but if this cannot be done, it may be -used at intervals for the above-mentioned complaints; this advice is -given from the Echtyarat Casmi. The whole properties of this medicine -are only known to Indian physicians, and from experience, I know it -to be a powerful promoter of digestion if taken about an hour after -meals with a little water only; it is called also Tunkunka·r. - -320 Tawakeer.--A medicine of India, useful in gonorrhoea and dysuria -ardens. - -321 Tombrir, also Tombie.--A bitter cuddoo. There is a kind of this in -which the seed is not bitter; it is heavy, though some call it light; -it is aphrodisiac; cures disorders of mucus and bile. - -The one in which the seed is bitter, is cool, cardiac, and an -antidote to poisons; useful in cough and bile. If the seed be taken -when the moon is in the wane, bruised, and for 21 days, steeped in -the juice of ginger, its oil extracted and preserved in a bottle, -it will be found that this oil, when a year old, rubbed over the body -in weakly habits will renovate strength, and it is also said that it -will consolidate mercury. - -322 Turai.--"Cucumis Acutangulus, Roxb. Hibiscus Esculentus?" A -common vegetable, bitter and dry, light and suppurating; beneficial in -swellings, marasmus, dropsy, affection of the spleen, Juzam, piles, -mucous disorders, and bile. Another kind is called Geea, and is very -mucilaginous and cool, but increases mucous disorders. A third kind -is named Arra, and is aperient and useful in bilious disorders. - -Turai is a very common culinary vegetable of India, and the people sow -it in their houses; its flower is very beautiful, of a yellow color, -and the fruit is extremely mucilaginous. If it is sown at the root of a -tree or wall, it will climb for support; its leaves resemble the vine, -its fruit is about 2 or 3 inches long, and about the thickness of -the thumb or even thicker; the second and third kinds are larger and -thicker than the first, but the latter is the best, and those are to -be chosen which are thin, small, and soft. It is in my opinion cool, -moist, and aperient; beneficial in hot temperaments and weakness of -the stomach; those of a dry temperament will find it particularly -beneficial; it is a proper food for those labouring under fever. The -2nd kind is the most mucilaginous; the 3rd less so than the 1st. - -323 Toour.--A kind of Arhur. "Cytisus Cajan." - -324 Tooiekam.--A kind of Rattan. - -325 Toodun.--A kind of Kakroo. - -326 Toott.--A common tree, of the middling size; its leaves are a -little oval, very soft and easily squeezed; its fruit is half an inch -long or more, both white and black, the best without seeds, and much -less than the rest. It is sweet and easy of digestion, strengthens -the system and kidnies; is aphrodisiac, increases blood, remedies -costiveness; is hot and dry. Those without seed, more efficient than -any other. I have written what I have experienced of its effect, -but much more is said of its properties in Yunani publications. Its -bruised leaves with salt said to be suppurative and discutient. - -327 Thour.--Euphorbia Neriifolia, Roxb. called also Th˙r. A kind -of Zekoom, (thorny tree,) some call it Synhud, others describe it -as resembling the Zekoom, and that its fruit is like the Hurrhee, -but the ThÛor and Synhud do not bear fruit. The milk of the plant -blisters the skin; its expressed oil is aphrodisiac, and possesses -other properties. A cloth wet with the milk, is used as an aphrodisiac, -and the particular manner will be found in the Ilajulumrar and the -IjalÈn·pheh. - -In the Maadentezerrubad, it is thus mentioned: ThewÈr. In the opinion -of the people of India, it removes costiveness, cures affections of -the spleen and spasms of the stomach, and evacuates the bowels and -Fetuek; if its leaves are boiled in water or Dhaie with a little -salt, strained and drank with a little cow's ghee, it will cure all -disorders of wind and vitiated bile, and relax the bowels. The milk -of the Thewer is procured as follows: - -Pierce the plant close to the root, and fill the wound during a night -with asafoetida, in the morning remove the gum, and attach a vessel to -receive the exuding milk, and should the juice be required very thin, -a little salt may be added to the asafoetida. - -328 Tendhoo, called also Tendook.--"Diospyros Ebenum," another kind -is called Bychtendook. A tree of India, of a large size; its fruit -like the Anula, but smaller. The first kind cures boils, eruption -and disorders of wind. When the tree becomes aged, it produces the -ebony, which is the centre; it cures bilious disorders; its unripe -fruit is cool, astringent and increases wind. When ripe it is heavy, -beneficial in bilious complaints, disorders of the blood, and seminal -weakness; The second kind is nearly similar in its properties; but -is more cooling, light, and astringent. - -329 Tejotee.--Bitter, pungent, hot, stomachic, useful in disorders -of mucus, wind, dysuria, cough, and convulsions. - -330 Teetur.--The Partridge, "Perdix Francolinus." Its flesh increases -the color of the skin, renders the bowels costive; is stomachic, -useful in hiccup, and disorders of the three principal secretions; -beneficial in difficulty of breathing, cough, and dropsy. - -331 Tendooa.--"The Leopard, Felis Leopardus." Some say the Indian name -for this is Nimonur. The people of India call it a species of tiger, -but it is smaller; it is also named Tendoo. - -332 Telkirur or Telk˙r.--The oil of the Kojora; it is bitter, pungent, -hot, beneficial in affections from wind, strengthens the system, -diminishes the eye-sight, increases the three principal secretions, -and produces heart-burn. - -333 Tesoo.--The flower of the Palass. - -334 Tezpat.--A name for Patrudje. - -335 Teerun.--Cool, bitter, useful in wounds, and improves the -complexion. - -336 Terbile.--A medicine of India. - -337 Teetee.--The name of the fruit Karele. - -338 Jamin.--"Eugenia Jambolana." One of the largest of trees; -its leaves about 3 inches long and half an inch broad, of an oval -shape. The fruit is round and of three kinds, the Deeriaie, the -Bhagaie, and Sehraie. Of the Bhagaie, there are two kinds, the largest -called Churputtra and the common Jamun. The common name of the Deeriaie -is Nadeye. All kinds are dry and astringent; cures disorders of mucus, -bile, blood, and boils and eruptions, but when the fruit is large -it is sweet, and difficult of digestion; it cures swellings in the -body. Some have called the Ray Jamun hot. The Sehraie is strengthening, -and increases semen. There is a kind of Jamun grown in Delhi, that is -without stones, and very sweet; in my opinion this is the best of all, -and next to it must rank the Ray Jamun. - -That fruit which is found in the latter end of the rains is called -Bhadeya, and is also sweet. In my opinion it is cool and moist, and -stomachic, but the one without the stone, named BËd·na, is more so -than the other kinds. - -The juice of the fruit is to be preferred as a stomachic, and is more -grateful to the taste. It is best prepared by being sprinkled with -salt, and shaken in a dish, which deprives it of its great astringency -and corrects its hurtful qualities. - -There is a kind of jamun of the color of dry grass, of a yellowish -white color, smaller than those described, of a pleasant smell. Nawab -Assoph-ul-Dowlah at Lucknow, taking into consideration its scarcity, -brought it from the eastward, and sowed it in his gardens. It is the -now common goolaub jamun, and smells of roses; there is also a kind -of jamun at Lucknow called Phalenda. - -339 Jatie.--A name for Chumbelie, "Jasminum Grandiflorum." - -340 Chaab.--The fruit of the Guj peepul, cures hemorrhoids, and -resembles peepulamool in its properties. - -341 Jaie Puttrie.--Hot, light, vermifuge, cures mucous disorders, -and is an antidote to poisons. It is a name for Bisbass. - -342 Chakussoo.--A Jeshmoridj. If 21 grains of this be bruized and -moistened with filings of Sandal-wood in water, in a new earthern -vessel, and drank in the morning, it will be found very effectual in -Dysuria ardens. - -343 Jaiphill.--"Nutmeg, Myristica Aromatica, Myristica Moschata." Hot, -light, stomachic, clears the throat, cures mucous disorders, and -allays vomiting; is vermifuge, remedies any irregularity in the sense -of smelling and cough. - -344 Charai, or Charwolie; both names of Cherownjee. - -345 Jaal.--A kind of fish. - -346 Jaiey.--Jasminum Grandiflorum? A sweet smelling flower, bitter -and cool, useful in eruptions of the mouth from heat, in disordered -eye sight, and affections of the uterus, also in wounds and ulcers. - -347 Chakoth.--A culinary vegetable, sweet and saltish, useful in -affections of wind, mucus, bile; fever, and piles. It also remedies -costiveness, improves the taste of the mouth, and clears the olfactory -nerves. - -348 Chalkurie.--A name for Foo or Mujeeth. - -349 Changerie.--A name for Umulchhangerie. - -350 Cheebook.--A kind of Khurnie. - -351 Chitchera or Chichira, also Chirchira. P. Khasmar. "Achyranthus -aspera." Pungent and laxative, increases appetite, cures disorders -of wind and mucus, daad, seulie, piles, itch, (both dry and moist,) -itchiness in the bowels, dropsy, boils, and other eruptions. Another -kind is red; both are dry and astringent. The seed is beneficial in -those eruptions, the consequence of vitiated bile. The red flowers -are very common, the white are more scarce; if the white flower -be preserved about the person, it will render one invulnerable. In -disorders of the blood, the root bruised in water and taken is useful, -mixed with dhaie and sugar, it is of use in Menhorragia cruenta. The -stem of the plant used as a tooth-brush is excellent in disorders of -the teeth, and sweetens the breath. The juice of its leaves squeezed -into the eye improves eye-sight. The seeds and leaves pounded and -drank in a seer of milk is a powerful emetic, or if they be taken -to the quantity of four tolahs daily for 21 days in congee, they -will cure bleeding, piles, and bruised and applied externally, will -act as styptics. The white flowers kept on the person, will prevent -you from being stung by a scorpion, or will remove the pain when -externally applied. - -352 Chetuck.--A name given to birds that inhabit wild places, -(those more tame are called Chiria,) they are sweet to the taste; -cold and moist. Aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders called Sunpat, -and increase phlegm. Tame fowl is hot and dry, also aphrodisiac. - -353 Jutamassie.--Bitter and cold, clears the skin, useful in -mucous disorders or diffusion of bile in the blood, in affections -of the throat, and is an antidote to poisons. "Spikenard, Valeriana -Jatamansi." - -354 Chuttra.--During digestion it is hot, and produces a burning -sensation, curative in itch and flatulence. - -355 Chuttur Phill.--A name of Syneed, a kind of Khoreacera. - -356 Chichinda, also Chunchilund, "Beta Vulgaris." The root of a -culinary vegetable of India. It is of a long tapering shape like -the carrot, and is in general use. I have experienced it to be of -use in dry emaciation, and that it is sweet and stomachic, light and -beneficial in superabundance of bile, increases appetite, and removes -viscid mucus and bile. The root is laxative. Another kind is bitter, -hot, and moist, decreases bile, mucus and heat, and cures all disorders -of the blood. - -357 Chachoondur, also called Chulde. "Sorex Cerulescens, Shaw." "Sorex -Ceruleus, Turton." The Musk-rat. P. Kormoosh. If its meat is applied -to the ulcer at the back of the neck called Khoonadeer, it will be -found very effectual. If its brain be dissolved in oil and applied as -a friction to the spots of white leprosy, and other discolorations -of the skin, it will remove them. If the scrotum is tied up and -preserved about the person as a charm, it will increase and lengthen -the continuance of aphrodisia. - -358 Chirchirra.--A name for Chitchira. - -359 Chirpoota.--A medicine of India, cool and dry, and aperient; -cures difficulty of breathing and cough. - -360 Chiria.--A name for Roonjisk, called also Chituck. - -361 Chirownjee.--"The nut of the Chironjia Sapida." A round or oval -seed like the peepul, of a dark-brown colour. The tree is of the milky -kind, the leaves white, or of an earthy color, an oil is expressed -from its kernel. A. Hubboossum'na. P. Nookul Khaja. It is sweet and -oleaginous, heavy and luxative, beneficial in bilious and mucous -disorders, in foulness of the blood, heat of the body, and bruises, -and it increases wind. - -It is also written that Chirownjie is the kernel of the stone of -a fruit, of the appearance and taste of the phalsa, and that it is -dried and carried hence to various countries. It is very common in -Bundelcund, it ripens in the commencement of the hot weather, and the -capsule is said to be separated from the kernel in a hand-mill. The -tree is large: the nuts are strung on thread and used by the natives -as necklaces, and they are roasted and eaten as food. - -362 Cherayta, called also Punsaal. "Gentiana Chirayata, -Roxb. Sp. Ch. Herbaceous, leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, -corol rotate, four cleft, smooth stamens, four, capsule ovate, -bifurcate, as long as the calyx." It is bitter, cool, and dry, -light, and producing wind, beneficial in cough, general heat, and -fever. A. RusbuzzËreera. - -363 Jest in P. Roo Tootia. It is hot and light, and during digestion -cool and heavy; facilitates the fusion of metals. - -364 Chesteymud, called also Chestee, also Chitenmud. "Glycyrrhira -Glabra. W. Glycine Abrus, Linn." in Arabic AssÛoloos'oos. - -365 Chukunder.--A name for Saluk. - -366 Chikara.--A kind of deer; its tail is black, and its meat sweet, -cool, light, and astringent, stomachic, cardiac, and beneficial in -disorders of wind, bile, and mucus. - -367 Chukora. In P. Rubk. "A variety of Titroo Rufus." - -368 Chukua Chukui.--"Anas Casarea." The Braminee Duck. Its flesh is -sweet, cool, moist, and heavy, strengthens the system, restrains the -flow of urine and fÊces, cures affections of wind, bile, and blood. In -P. it is named Soorkhab and Chukawuck, A. KumbÈera. - -369 Chukeerka.--The white kind of the seed, called Soorkh, a common -seed, used as a weight; properties the same. - -370 Choekurk.--A name of the grain Koolthie. - -371 Chukond.--A name of the Penwar or Chukwand. - -372 Chukotrah.--A fruit of Hindost'han; its tree like the Rutael, -with double leaves, the under one very small. It is very easily -engrafted on the Rutael tree. The fruit is green and round; its -capsule granulated; its green color is that of a small melon; inside -it is red; the divisions very small. It is sweet, acid, and bitter, -and is ate with salt or sugar. It is cool in its properties, allays -thirst from bile, creates appetite. In no book of Hindost'han have I -been able to find any account of it. "Citrus Decumanus. The Pumalo, -Batabi Neemboo, Pumpleuoes." - -373 Jooqunoo.--"Lampyris." The fire fly. P. Kermukshub -Cherag. A. Hubahub. It shines in the night during the rains. - -374 Chukadana.--The name of a seed of an earthy color; hard, and -having a small kernel; it is like the HubËbulsa, but is somewhat -larger; the latter besides is pointed at both ends, whereas this is -not. The women of Delhi give this in purges for children. - -375 Jillpeelbuka, also called Jill peepul, or Phylphilabi. It is -cool and dry, and astringent; cardiac and aphrodisiac, strengthens -the eyes, cures disorders of blood, heat in the chest, boils and -inveterate eruptions; another kind of it is red, dry, beneficial in -affections of wind, mucus, and is astringent. Its fruit is beneficial -in eruption from vitiated bile. Red flowers very common. - -376 Chellwuk.--A large tree of India. Its fresh leaves are used as an -application to inflamatory Daad, or other watery eruptions, as well -as the common Daad. This I have found from experience. Sybr is first -applied to produce some inflammation, and then this application is -made use of. A patient of mine was long annoyed with Daad in both -his shoulders, for the cure of which he had tried many remedies. I -recommended this, he took a quantity of the leaves, bruised them, and -applied them over the parts, but from the great heat and irritation -they produced, he quickly removed them; he then applied the Mooltance -earth, to remove the irritation, this so far succeeded, but the part -rose in blisters, the water from the blisters being discharged, -the complaint was found relieved, when the parts were well, he -again applied the leaves, this destroyed the disease, and left -the place all black. The skin soon re-assumed its wonted color, -and the disease was perfectly cured. From the above circumstance, -I am led to conclude, that the application is a very powerful one, -and acts as a blister. If they are applied to parts which have been -deprived of sensation, it will be equally effectual as Sutoobria. - -377 Cheylchish.--A very hurtful kind of fish, which increases disorders -of the three principal secretions. - -378 Chillie.--A kind of culinary greens, from the common vegetable -called cheel; cool, dry, light, aperient; promotes appetite, increases -knowledge, strengthens the system, cures disorders of the spleen, -blood, and the three secretions, and is vermifuge. One kind named Kutf, -also Buthua. - -379 Jill Benth.--A kind of ratan. - -380 Jill Butees.--Cool, astringent, producing flatulence. - -381 Jill Neeb.--A small plant; its branches minute; also its leaves -like the Loonia saag; it creeps on the ground, and is to be found -near rivers. It is very bitter, and from its constant vicinity to -water has obtained its name. It is purgative, powerfully so, in the -quantity of 6 mashas. In herpetic eruptions and Lues venerea it is -very beneficial, but it can only be given with safety to those who -are not in a weak state. - -382 Chumgader.--The Bat. A. Khuffash. Its blood rubbed on the feet -is aphrodisiac. Its properties are particularly described in the -Yunani works. - -383 Jamalgota.--Vide Datoon. "Croton Tiglium." - -384 Chumbeley.--"Jasminum Grandiflorum." A white flower, of a strong, -sweet smell, one kind is yellow, and named Soorunjati: alike in their -properties, both are hot and light, useful in head-aches, pains in -the eyes, and teeth, in boils, eruptions and foulness of the blood. - -A decoction of its leaves in water will cure tooth-ache; the mouth -being repeatedly washed with it. The juice of the root taken with milk -will remove suppression of urine, and many have made the experiment -with success. - -385 Champa or Chumpuk, "Michelia Champaca." A flower of India, -of a pyramidal shape, its color is a light or whitish yellow, very -beautiful, and as such is often quoted as the perfection of color. - -In this part of the country, it is very common; it cures difficulty -in voiding urine, disorders of mucus, blood, and nausea. It is -pungently bitter and cool; useful in injuries of the nose, and -in general heat. One kind is called Paak Chumpa, hot and pungent, -creates appetite, improves eye-sight, diminishes mucus, and cures -bruises. The smell is cardiac and stomachic. - -386 ChermbÊrie.--An acid fruit of India; beneficial in itchiness of -stomach, disorders of mucus and wind, depraved taste, pains of the -chest, loss of appetite, and worms. Its acid removes the effects of -intoxication; it is cool in its properties. The sweet kind is bitter, -and a little heating. - -387 Junthmook.--In taste it is sweet, and is like the Saalie, (a kind -of rice;) in its effects, but the best of all kinds of rice is the -Christn daan, and that which has been sown in a soil manured by ashes, -is the lightest and best in curing mucous disorders. The rice produced -in the common manner is heavy, useful in disorders of bile and wind, -and frequent change of soil, or the plant removed or transplanted to -another soil is the best. It is diuretic and generally beneficial. - -388 Jungliechuha.--P. Runfeer. Its flesh is useful in cough, difficulty -of breathing, foulness of blood; is dry and beneficial in all the -three secretions. The meat of the female is to be preferred to that -of the male. - -389 Chumbuck.--Cool and decreases corpulency; is an antidote to -poison. A. Hyzr Mukunatees. - -390 Chundurkanth.--Its taste is sweet and astringent; it is cool and -aperient, strengthens the eyes, reduces corpulency, cures boils and -eruptions, and is an antidote to poison. A. Hyzrool Kummur. - -391 Chundsoor.--Vide Haloo. "Lepedium Sativum." - -392 Chundun.--"Santalum Album, W. or Sirium myrtifolium." P. Sandal -Suffed. A little bitter; cool, dry, and light; is cardiac and -exhilirates the spirits; is tonic; an antidote to poisons; useful in -disorders of mucus, bile, and blood, allays thirst, heat in the chest, -clears the complexion. Its real name is Ujelah. Chundun, and Rukut -Chundun is the name for red Sandal. - -393 Chundunsarba.--A name for white Kalesur. - -394 Junth.--The name of a large tree, like the peepul; its leaves -like those of the tamarind; it is prickly, and its bark white. - -395 Jawansa.--P. Khar Shooter. It is sweet and bitter, cool, light, -and aperient, cures bilious disorders and those of the blood. Also -vertigo. Hedysarum Alhagi. - -396 Choke.--Bitter, soft, and emetic, useful in foulness of the blood, -mucus, poisons, worms, flatulence, itch and Juzam. "Maadentezerrubad." - -"Choke is a medicine of India, it is a black juice, very acid, soft, -cool, and dry, increasing appetite, promoting digestion, stomachic -and astringent, lessens the secretion of bile, and injuries of the -tendons. Its corrector is sugar; its succedaneum Bejowra, dose 1/2 -to 1 direm." - -397 Chowlai or Chowrai, "Amaranthus Polygamus." One kind of it called -also gunder; a kind of culinary greens, used by the people of India; -cool and dry, useful in bilious disorders, mucus, and blood, and is -diuretic and aperient. It is stomachic, promotes digestion, and cures -eruptions from vitiated bile. Another kind of it is named mursai; -cool, heavy, and aperient; useful in seminal weakness, and disorders -of the three secretions. A. BokulÊ Yemania. - -398 Juhi.--A small white flower, also a yellow kind. In the Dhunteri, -it is said there are three kinds of it, a white, yellow, and purple. It -has a sweet smell, and some have called it a species of jessamine. In -Delhi it obtains the name of Jahee Juhi, but these two words are, -properly speaking, distinct names for different flowers, and the -author of the Echtyar Casmi has described them separately. It is -cool and beneficial in affections of the eyes, and increases wind -and mucus. "Jasminum Auriculatum." - -399 Juwar.--"Holcus sorghum." A. Zoorra. A grain; sweet to the taste, -cool and producing wind, useful in mucous disorders and bile, and in -my opinion is difficult of digestion. It is aphrodisiac, and if eaten -to excess, produces flatulent pains in the bowels. One kind is named -Mukaiy, and possesses the same properties. - -400 Joonk.--A name for an Indian plant, about a yard high, more or -less; its leaves are small, and its seed about half an inch in length, -resembling a leech; sweet, cool, heavy, and useful in gonorrhoea, -cures wind, bile, and phlegm. Its leaves are very mucilaginous, -and the children of India play with the pods, sticking them to -their bodies like leeches. It grows in the rains, and usually in -uncultivated places. - -401 Juhan.--A kind of anise seed, commonly called Adjwain Kermanie. I -have described its properties under the head Adjwain. - -402 Jawakhar.--A name for Nuttroon; pungent, hot, and aperient; useful -in affections of wind, mucus, dropsy, pains in the bowels, dysuria, -and is lithontriptic. In the Maadentezerrubad, it is written, that it -is hot and dry, diuretic and aperient, useful in disorders of mucus, -wind, dropsy, pains in the bowels; is lithontriptic, and beneficial -in the spleen and indolent tumors. - -403 Chouch.--A large and small kind; pungent and hot; astringent -and sweet; inducing costiveness; stomachic; beneficial in cholicks, -inflammatory pains in the spleen, and other pains in the bowels. It -is a favorite ingredient in many formulÊ. - -404 Chehtaon.--A tree of India; aperient, and useful in disorders of -mucus and wind; also in Juzam, boils, and eruptions. - -405 Jholputtur.--A kind Asheer; cool, light, and cardiac; cures -disorders of mucus and bile, and diminishes the volume of blood. - -406 Cherakakoli or Chershookla; also Chermudera; sweet, cool, heavy, -aphrodisiac, and useful in disorders of blood, bile, heart-burn, -dryness of the mouth, thirst, fever, emaciation and dropsy. - -In the Dhunteri, it is also said to promote digestion, and to -be pleasant in flavor, and agreeable in its effects; to cure -suppression of urine and pains in the chest. It also is used as a -cephalic. It is said to cure affections of mucus, Juzam and worms, -and to cause an increase of bile; it is commonly known by the name -of Nuckchickenie. Vide N. - -407 Choonderdhan or Jowdhan.--A kind of rice, called also Rukitsaal. - -408 Cherie.--The goat; its flesh is moist and heavy, but easy of -digestion; useful in disorders of the three secretions; produces no -heat at stomach, increases semen, and renders the sense of smelling -more acute: it is also called Bukeri. A. Mehyr. - -409 Jeengha.--A kind of shell-fish; hot and dry; those newly taken -are to be preferred; they are aphrodisiac, aperient, and grateful to -the taste. This may generally be true, but bad effects have followed -their use, and that which is salted is melanagogue, or produces black -bile; the corrector is oil of almonds. P. Muluch Diriae, A. Jeradool -Bahr. Some have said that the Robean is the same fish. - -410 Junkar.--A name for the deer Barasingha. - -411 Jojakhar.--A name for nitre. - -412 Chohara.--"The date. Phoenix Dactylifera." P. called KhoÛrma -sunshekun; aphrodisiac; it is ate with milk. If the ChÛhara is -bruised, and with salep and sugar boiled in milk, till nearly half -the milk shall be evaporated, then drank, it will be found useful as -an aphrodisiac, increasing the bulk of the solids, and if it digests -easily, it will be found peculiarly useful. If roasted and eat with -opium, it becomes astringent. - -413 Chirr, and another kind, which is black; both are cold, and -useful in disorders of all the secretions, heat of the body, and -Juzam. P. Soombulutteeb. - -414 Chereela.--In its properties it resembles SËleËchih, (Cassia -Lignea.) P. Ooshna. - -415 Jhow.--A name of Turfa. If bruised and mixed with vinegar it -suppurates indolent swellings, and also scirrhous swellings of -the spleen. - -416 Cherkund.--A kind of Beedareekund, which is white. - -417 Chundurseha.--A name for Mudukp˙rnie. - -418 Choocheroo.--A name for SÌrphonka. - -419 Jhirberie.--"Jujube." A name for wild Baer; is acid, cool, useful -in bile, cardiac, and astringent: if dried and pounded, it is called -B˙rchun; this possesses all its properties, but is more astringent. - -420 Jyaphupp.--Another kind of it is Tersindiapurni; its seed is made -into beads. It is also called Surupjea; it is astringent, strengthens -the hair of the head, and darkens its color. - -421 CheehurÊ.--A tree of India; there is another kind called Choobnuz, -and a third kind S·toona. Its wood smells strong and rancid; it is -hot and dry in the 3rd degree; it is very oleaginous and greasy. If -its juice be expelled by heat and collected, it is excellent -as an application in paralysis, and it also cleanses large foul -ulcers. Its milk is pungent and heating, and it is an active poison, -hot and dry in the 4th degree; applied to the skin, it blisters; it -is used in swellings from cold. Its wood is used internally in loss -of voluntary motion or insensibility and epilepsy, and it is said to -be lithontriptic. It injures the lungs, and its corrector is oil of -almonds and gum. The dose is 3 mashas. - -422 Jeewuk.--Cool and aphrodisiac; increases semen and mucus; cures -disorders of bile, wind, heart-burn, emaciation, and hectic fever. - -423 Cheenuk.--A tree of Hindostan; hot; useful in boils and eruptions, -affections of the heart and disorders of wind; it is astringent. - -424 Jeewuntie or JeÈw˙nie or JÈw·; cool, sweet, moist, light; -strengthens the system and eyesight; is astringent; useful in -disorders of mucus, wind, and bile. It forms an ingredient in -all favorite formulÊ, and it removes feverish heat. The people of -India use its greens in the beginning of the cold weather as food; -the small Jeewuntie being considered as one of the best of culinary -vegetables. It is called also Saag Sherista. The large kind is named -BheÈndoorie, from its more limited mode of spreading its branches, -and the small kind, for the contrary reason, is called BÈldoÛrie: -this spreads to a great distance, and creeps along whatever it comes -in contact with. The fruit is like the cucumber. - -The above is also the name of a flower, which in the Dhunteri is said -to be aphrodisiac, and to clear the voice. - -425 Jeewung.--Also Buthua. Its stem is red. - -426 Cheedah.--The small pine (Senobir Jegheer); sweet; pungent during -digestion; bitter, hot, moist, light; useful in windy disorders, -and affections of the eyes, throat, and ear. - -427 Cheenah.--"Millet. Panicum -Italicum. Pan. Pilosum." P. Arzum. A. Dakhun. Its properties are -nearly the same as the small seed called Kongnee. - -428 Cheetul.--An Indian Deer, black and white, pyebald. Its flesh -has the same properties as the Chikara. - -429 Cheetah.--Its meat is hot and heavy; useful in disorders of wind, -affections of the eyes and voice. In A. Phahus; it is also the name -of a medicine mentioned hereafter. - -430 Cheel.--"The Kite. Falco Cheela," Lath. Its meat is heavy, and -increases disorders of the three secretions. In P. Gh˙llevaz. A. Hyd·t. - -431 Jeepaul.--A name for Jamalgota. - -432 Cheetah.--"Valerian? Plumbago Zeylanica or Plumbago Rosea, W." A -medicine; one kind of which is red, the other purple; inside of a -yellowish color; both woods are very thin, and both are pungent, -bitter, dry, light, astringent, stomachic, and increase the powers -of digestion. The red kind, mixed with strong vinegar, and rubbed -hard on the spots of white leprosy till blisters arise, will have -the effect of removing the complaint. A. Sheetrudj. - -433 Cheea or Cheetkeh, both names for Hurr. - -434 Khutchur.--A. Bagul. P. Astur. The mule. Its flesh increases -strength; is aphrodisiac; it likewise increases mucus and bile. - -435 Khergosh.--So called in Persian. The hare. Its Indian name is -Suss·h. Vide S. - -436 Kherboozah.--So named, both in Persian and Hinduee. It is hot, -dry, light, and sweet; when ripe it increases bile, and is diuretic -and lithontriptic. Its corrector is oxymel. - -437 Khuss, also OsheËre.--In the hot weather it is used for cooling -houses. It is cool, assists digestion; is astringent, and cures -bilious disorders; also those of mucus and blood. It allays thirst, -cures blisters and acne, general heat, dysuria, boils and eruptions; -prolongs aphrodisia, and I have found it excellent as a cardiac -and astringent. - -438 Darhuld.--The wood of a tree called Huld. It is pungent and bitter; -hot, dry, and useful in disorders of phlegm, bile, and blood, in acne, -seminal weakness, swellings of the body, marasmus, boils, eruptions, -in affections of the eye, pain in the ear; is lithontriptic, and -cicatrizes wounds. - -In the Maadentezerrubad, is the following: - -Darhuld is a wood of a yellow color; if bruised with Malageer, mixed -with honey, and taken, it will be found excellent in marasmus, and -as an external application in the itch. - -439 Datoon also Danth or Danti, names for Hubboos Salateen. In Hinduee -Jamalgota. "Croton Tiglium, W. Jayap·la, S." It is bitter, pungent, -and hot; promotes digestion; cures bilious affections, also foulness -of the blood, disorders of mucus, swellings of the body, dropsy, and -worms. It is violently purgative, and clears off the three secretions, -but more especially mucus and black bile. It is not a safe medicine -for weakly people, children, or the aged; but it is proper for those -of strong constitutions, such as the Highlanders or country people, -on whom weaker medicines have little effect. I have seen some of -the hill people eat from 5 to 10 of the nuts without producing more -than two or three motions, whereas the people of this city (Delhi) -find half a nut as much as they can well bear. - -The small green substance in the centre or heart of the nut, ought -to be thrown aside, as it is poisonous. I have given this medicine -very often with great good effect, and it is a general favorite with -the physicians of Hindostan. In cholicks attended with vomiting, -I have prescribed it with good effect. - -440 Daoodie.--A common plant, about half a yard high, on which grows -white and yellow flowers; it is hot and dry, and the smell of the -flowers removes disorders from cold on the brain by heating it. The -powder of the flowers, in the quantity of 6 mashas, with sugar, is -lithontriptic, and in the quantity of 3 mashas if it be boiled, and -the decoction drank with sugar, it will also be found beneficial. If -the flowers are boiled in oil, till the virtue be extracted, the oil -will form an excellent external application in all affections arising -from cold; a conserve of its flowers strengthens the stomach and the -brain, and removes depression of spirits. The juice of the leaves is -attenuating and suppurating. "Marigold, Chrysanthemum." - -441 Dabeh.--A kind of grass; useful in suppression of urine; is -lithontriptic; cures disorders of bile, phlegm, and removes pains in -the urinary bladder. - -442 Darum.--The pomegranate of the hills. "Punica granatum, W." It is -very acid and astringent; it increases appetite and promotes digestion; -is cardiac; decreases bile, removes depression of spirits, and the -sweet kind decreases the 3 secretions. - -"The bark of the root a cure for TÊnia. Boil 8oz. in 3lb. of water -to a quart. Of this the patient takes a wine-glassful, and repeats -it as the faintness will admit." - -443 Darmee Saar.--The pomegranate seed. It cures disorders of bile. I -have found its powder very useful in giving tone to the stomach and -removing heated bile; it is also astringent. Mixed with medicines of a -laxative nature, it is given in India on account of its tonic effects, -and its preventing injury from other medicines. - -444 Darma called also Soombulkhar, or rather it is a species of -arsenic. - -445 Dakh.--Cool, heavy, aperient; improves eye-sight; increases -aphrodisia; removes fever, thirst, difficulty of breathing, affections -of wind, bile, and blood, jaundice, dysuria, and heat of body. Its -corrector is to be found in its acid, which cures mucous disorders and -eruptions from vitiated bile, and the same effects will be produced by -grapes without seeds. The hill grapes are acid, light, and useful in -mucous disorders, but in some degree increase bile. Ungoor. The grape. - -446 Daad Murden.--"Cassia Alata, W." The expressed juice of the leaves, -mixed with salt, used for the cure of ring-worm. - -447 Dooparia.--"Pentapetes PhÊnicia." The name of a common flower, of -a rose color, and white, and flowers at noon. It is light, astringent, -and cures disorders of mucus and bile. - -448 Dutchina Virna.--Bitter and heavy in digestion; dry, and increasing -wind; cures cough, boils, eruptions, disorders of bile, and affections -of the eyes. - -449 Durba.--A name for Doob, called also Shittb˙ra. - -450 Durbhur.--A kind of Lawa. Vide L. - -451 Dusmool.--A mixture of both kinds of PunjËmoÚl; it increases -appetite; cures disorders of bile, mucus, difficulty of breathing, -cough; decreases perspiration; removes morbid inclination to sleep, -also fever, flatulence, pains in the bowels, and pleuritic affections. - -452 Dukdoka.--A name for DoÚdhËe. - -453 Dumna.--A kind of Murzunjoosh, called also Dawna; its leaves -have a finer smell than the flower, and are very numerous. It is an -antidote to poisons; useful in disorders of the blood and the three -secretions, Juzam, nausea, and watery itch. Its properties are hot, -and it is hurtful to those of the like temperament. Its smell causes -dryness of the brain. The wild Dawna is the most powerful. - -454 Dundundana.--A shrub about a yard high; its leaves like those -of the Baer. It is a trefoil, and in the centre of the three leaves -there is a capsule, which when ripe breaks and discharges the seed; -it is of a whitish brown color, some more white than others; its seed -resembles those of the safflower, but is longer and more broad. It -is used as an ingredient in the first medicine given to a child at -its birth to clear its bowels. - -455 Doon also Shittb·ra.--The latter is white and cool; cures acne, -disorders of mucus, bile, blood, thirst, and general heat. "Poa -Cynosuroides." - -456 Doodhee called also DukdÚka.--A grass of two kinds. The first -kind does not rise from the ground; its leaves green; its fibres very -small. The leaves like the Til. If the branch is broken, a white juice -exudes like milk; from this it has derived its name; it grows about -a span in diameter. The second kind has red branches, and is much -about the size of the other; the first is the hottest and best. It -is dry, heavy, and aphrodisiac; cures affections of wind and mucus, -also Juzam and worms. It is flatulent; and a third kind of it called -Mydha SeËngie; also a fourth JhËnawurha. - -From the Maadentezerrubad. - -Doodhee is of three kinds: The first large, called Meendha doodee; -its tree like the Bael; its fruit like the Aak, and like it too, -there is a cottony substance contained in it. Its flowers are white, -and milk exudes from its broken branches. If the cottony substance -be applied to the piles, and the patient seated over a hot place, -that the cotton become well heated, it will cure the complaint. Its -leaves are like the Paan. The second kind is very small, and remains -spread on the ground; its branches are red, and its leaves thin; it is -beneficial in gonorrhoea and in ulcers of the urethra. If it is bruised -and eaten for a year, in the quantity that can be held in the palm of -the hand, it will be aphrodisiac, increase the secretion of semen, -make the hair black, and preserve the eyesight. The 3rd kind grows -to the height of 7 or 8 inches, and is useful in seminal weakness -and diabetes. If 9 mashas be taken with sugar, it will be useful in -remedying a too hurried seminal evacuation and heartburns. The second -kind is cool and dry. "Euphorbia hirta." - -457 Doodee.--A name for Hubb-ul-neel. A purgative seed, beneficial -in affections of bile, mucus, piles, worms in the belly and rectum, -in badgola, and is an antidote to poisons. - -458 DoÛdputeya.--A name for Chirkakolie, another kind of which is -called Kakolie. - -459 Doodka.--A name for Doorie; cures superabundance of wind, mucus, -phlegm, piles, worms, Badgola, and is an antidote to poisons. - -460 Dhamin or Dhunoon.--A prickly tree, astringent and light, and -useful in disorders of phlegm, bile, blood, and in cough. - -461 Dhunjawasa.--A kind of J·w·ss·; its properties the same. - -462 Dhadahwun.--The name of a tree, useful in disorders of phlegm, -wind, poisons, Juzam, piles, and Sunpat. Sunpat is a disease consisting -of loss of sensation and universal chilliness and numbness. - -463 Dhaw.--"Grislea Tomentosa, Roxb. Lythrum Fructicosum, Linn." A -prickly shrub, cool and useful in bilious disorders, mucus, piles, -marasmus, &c. - -464 Dhawa.--A tree, the flowers of which are generally known; it -is also called Dhatki, bitter, pungent, astringent, cool, light, -and curing laxities of the bowels; useful in disorders of bile and -blood, and is an antidote to poison; is vermifuge, beneficial in acne, -and is a little intoxicating; it is also recommended in prolapsus -ani, menorrhagia, and hÊmorrhoides; it is said to be equal in its -properties. - -465 Dhatura.--"Datura Metel. W. Datura Stramonium." A plant about a -yard high, more or less. It has numerous branches, like the Benghen -plant; it grows wild, and is also cultivated; its leaves are like those -of the Abassie; its seed vessel like the walnut, or rather larger; -it has small prickles on its surface, and is filled with seeds. There -are several kinds of it. One has a black flower, and also a blackish -seed vessel: another is white; the first is seldom met with, and is -the strongest of any; the flower is of the shape of the Toorhee, -(a wind instrument, a trumpet.) It is hot, heavy, and promotes -appetite, but produces vomiting; useful in disorders of phlegm, -poison, itch, worms, and nausea; clears the complexion, cures fevers, -Juzam, boils, and eruptions, as also many other disorders. It is a -very active poison; its corrector is cotton, leaf for leaf, seed for -seed, flower for flower; its nut is to be chosen in preference for -medical use. If the root of the black Dhatura be kept in the house, -it will be productive of both good luck and a good name; if it be -dried in the shade, and taken in conjee to the quantity of 9 mashas, -all white hair will fall from the head and black hair grow in its -place. If the root be dried and pounded to the quantity of 160 direms, -and mixed with 80 direms of cow's ghee, and placing it on the fire in -a new vessel, form it into the consistence of sweetmeats, then tying -up the mouth of the vessel close, place it for 40 days among paddy, -at the expiration of which time, let the person bathe and give alms -to the poor; and let him take out the preparation, and eat as much as -he can take up between two fingers, daily for 40 days, fasting; and -nothing used as food except rice and milk, abstaining from all acids; -lost strength will be restored, youth renovated, the hair never will -become white, and it will prove aphrodisiac. - -If the black Dhatura be bruised and mixed with goat's milk and sugar, -and boiled, it will cure barrenness in women. - -If the flowers of the black Dhatura be bruised, mixed with honey or -cow's ghee, and a little of your own blood added, and this used as a -Tilak, or ornament on the forehead betwixt the eyes, whoever sees it -will become your slave, be it man or woman. If a woman so uses it, -her husband will never forsake her!! - -466 Dhunia.--"Coriandrum Sativum, W. Dhanyaca, S." Astringent, -during digestion sweet, cool, dry, and moist in an equal degree; -light, diuretic, carminative, and cardiac; increases appetite, -cures disorders of wind, bile, phlegm, and blood. It is vermifuge, -and useful in difficulty of breathing, cough, thirst, and piles; -it lessens the seminal secretion. - -467 Dhak.--A name for Palass, "Butea Frondosa." - -468 Dholkudum.--A kind of Cudum. - -469 Dhumaha.--A creeping plant, growing near the water, covered with -thorns like the Jawassa, extending even to its flowers. It is small and -green before it flowers, like the nightshade. In the Dhuntori, it is -said to be pungent and astringent, useful in vertigo, chronic fever, -and disorders from poison. In dropsy, vomiting, seminal weakness, -and delirium, it is beneficial. I have given it with those medicines -which clear the blood, and I have found its effects to be like the -Jawassa, some indeed call it a variety of this. It is said to be -hot and dry in the 2nd degree, others have called it equal. Heated, -bruised, and applied to indolent tumours, it will be of use. - -470 Dhaie..--Increases the three secretions; it is called by the -physicians of India hot and moist, that of the cow is the best. It -is astringent in its effects, restrains hemorrhage from piles, and -the following R. is known by experience to be excellent. - -Take 1/2 a pow (4 ounces) of dhaiÈ, 4 1/2 mashas of moist rice, -fried in the husk (Lahie), 2 mashas of dried ginger; stir the dhaie -well till it becomes thin, add a little water, and then add to it the -fried rice, bruise and pound the ginger, and sprinkle it in. This -must be ate daily for a week, when it will so effectually stop the -bleeding from piles, that it will not return. - -471 Dhanqie or Dhaoie; cool and of a bitter taste; light, allays -thirst, is astringent, vermifuge, and antidote to poisons. - -472 Dhawnie.--A name for Perishtpirnee. - -473 Dheerukmola.--A name for Saalpurnie, deriving its name from the -large size of its root. - -474 Dhendus.--It resembles the Quince, with a green rind; the people -of India eat it, dressed with and without meat; it is preferable to the -cuddoo; cool, beneficial in bilious disorders, and quick of digestion. - -475 Deodar called also DÈodarie. The name of a tree; the wood of -which bears the same name; it is resinous; hot and beneficial in wind, -phlegm, costiveness, piles, and fever. "The Fir tree." - -476 Deomun.--A name for Mahumeed. - -477 Raab.--Treacle; it is heavy; strengthens the system; is diuretic; -increases perspiration, and the three secretions. - -478 Raje Umber.--A fruit of India; sweet, cool, astringent, and useful -in disorders of mucus and bile. - -479 Rassun..--Commonly called Raisun or Rowasun; a tree about the -size of a Baer tree, or larger; it is a weak biennial plant, but -grows rapidly when transplanted. Its leaves grow on both sides of -a centre stem, like the Tamarind, and it is rather longer: the tree -grows straight from the root. The author of the Topha has described it -as a root, and says that the people of India call different medicines -by the former names, but they are both the same, and it is the common -kind that I have described. Its pod is like the Lobeia (bean.) The -flower is outside yellow and inside red, with a tinge of yellow. Its -leaves contract in the night and unfold in the morning. Some have -called it sweet and cool, and have described many varieties of it, -white, yellow, red, and grey; but I fancy the difference is merely -confined to the color of the flowers; some have said that it diminishes -strength. Its flowers are peculiarly beautiful. If its leaves are -bruised and applied moist to swellings, it either resolves the tumour -or hastens suppuration; it is bitter and heavy, cures disorders -of wind and mucus, swellings of the body, difficulty of breathing, -eruptions from suffusion of bile, itchiness in the stomach, dropsy, -and increases the powers of digestion. - -480 Rajejakha. A medicine of India; astringent to the taste; dry, -heavy, and astringent in its effects; increases wind and foecal -evacuation; decreases appetite, and adds to the secretion of milk. - -481 Rajehuns.--A name for Purse·washan. - -482 Rai.--"Sinapis Ramosa, Roxb. sp. ch. Annual, erect, ramous siliques -expanding, linear, vertically compressed, smooth; leaves petioled, -lower lyred; superior, sublanceolate, (Roxb. MS.) Murray II. 398, -Woodville III. 409." Cool, bitter, hot, and dry; beneficial in mucous -disorders, itch, and Juzam; is vermifuge, stomachic, and increases -diffusion of bile. A. Khirdul. - -483 Raang.--Stannum, Tagarum, Tam. Hot, dry, light, and soft; -strengthens the eyes; is vermifuge; useful in marasmus, difficulty -of breathing, and a deficiency of bile. A. Rusas. - -In the Maadentezerrubad, it is thus described: Raang is -called in P. Kaley; cool in the 2nd degree, and moist in the 1st -degree. Calcined, it is slightly cool and dry. If a piece of this Kaley -be put into a pot with meat, you may boil it as long as you please, -but the meat will not be properly boiled. The Kaley for internal use -is calcined, the dose from one to two soorkh. - -483 Raal.--Bitter and astringent; cool, heavy, and inducing -costiveness, cures Deojur, acne, boils, eruptions, fever, -and cracks in the thickened cuticle of the feet; and it lessens -perspiration. A. Kaar, also Kikahur. It is said also, that if put -into a pipe with tobacco, and one whiff taken the 1st day, two the -second, three the third, and so on, it will be found very useful in -ulceration of the lungs. Maadentezerrubad. - -484 Ramputtrie.--"Maadentezerrubad." An Indian flower which I have not -seen, but which I understand to be like the rose; its properties are, -that if it is well rubbed with mercury, it will kill it, and both -united form a black mass. More of its properties I know not. - -485 Rajeneemboophile.--The sweet lime; it is heavy, and useful in -bilious disorders and wind. In my opinion it is a cool cardiac, -and decreases heat and thirst. - -486 Raibele.--A name for Bael. The wild kind is called, Kynd. - -487 Rashna.--Bitter and slow of digestion; cures cough, wind, -disorders of blood, and is an antidote to poison, dropsy, and mucus, -and it promotes digestion. Its leaves, root, and branches are used -in medicine. - -488 Rajdooree.--A name for Jewuntee. - -489 Raje Ummur.--A name for Umbarie Burrur. It is cool, sweet, and -astringent, cures some affections of the mouth and phlegm. - -490 Rasie.--A name for Rudd. - -491 Ruttunjooth.--A medicine of India. Its leaves are green, and its -branches red and yellow; if its branches be bruised in sweet oil, -and applied to the head, it will cure Tinea Capitis. Its name is also -Abookhoolsa. P. Cheojoora. It is a native of the hills; it is also -said to relieve weakness of sight by causing a copious flow of tears, -when externally applied. - -492 Rattaloo also Runtaloo. A culinary root, common in India; sweet and -pleasant to the taste, cool and slow of digestion; removes oppression -on the spirits, bile, and general heat. It increases semen, strengthens -the system, and adds to the bulk of the solids. "Dioscorea." - -493 Ruttun.--A name of J·w·her. Ruttun (the word) used by itself means -Almass; but all compounds obtain the name of Jaw‡her; it possesses -all the six properties. - -494 Rudd.--A name of Rassie. It is cool and heavy; strengthens the -body; removes disorders of wind and mucus, increases semen, and during -digestion is pungent and sweet. - -495 Roodwunti.--A plant very generally useful. - -When the Pookhnichittur shall happen on a Sunday, take the root, -leaves, flowers, and branches, taking care that your shadow does not -reach them; leave them five nights in the dew, and then dry them -in the shade. Four mashas ate with sugar and honey daily, will be -found aphrodisiac. If it be washed for 21 days in the juice of the -plantain tree, then bruised and washed in the juice of the Moondie, -sugar taken and boiled in the juice of the plantain tree, and a little -of the Roodwunti added to it, then adding cloves and cardamoms one -tolah each, musk and camphor each 1/2 tolah, and the whole made up -into balls of a tolah each, and one eaten daily in boiled milk, it -will be found aphrodisiac. If it is taken simply, mixed with sugar, -it will have an aphrodisiac property. - - -Another account. - -Of the Roodwunti there are four kinds, black, white, red, and yellow, -male and female; the female is distinguished by some of its leaves -dropping water. It grows in a moist or watery soil, near Gwallior; -it is green, and its leaves and branches resemble gram. The leaves -of the male kind are said to transmute metals, and are considered -very valuable on that account. If one part of this, half a part of -Tirphilla, one-fourth part of Tircoota, and the bulk of the whole -of sugar be bruised and sifted, and as much ate with cow's milk, -as may be held in the palm of the hand, it will cure all disorders -to which the human frame is subject, and transmute old age into -youth. Maadentezerrubad. - -If the leaves are rubbed on silver, and that put into the fire, it -will become yellow; if the leaves are thrown into melted tin, it will -assume the appearance of gold. If mercury be put into the juice of its -leaves and well stirred about, then boiled in milk or vinegar, it will -become yellow. If the green leaves be dried, pounded, and taken to the -quantity of 9 masha for 14 days, the hair will never become white. If -one direm of this and 14 direms of honey, with 10 direms of cow's ghee, -be well stirred up together and taken every morning, the body will -become strengthened, and the hair remain black. Two direms ate with -sugar, will increase appetite, and cure seminal weakness and pains -in the bowels. If its leaves are used as a cephalic, it will remove -the effects of poisons. Some call it Roowunti; it is hot and dry. - -495' Roodraz.--Commonly used in India for making beads which are much -esteemed. It is bitter, pungent, hot, and vermifuge; rectifies an -overflow of blood or a suffusion of bile in the blood; cures mucous -affections and head-aches. Is useful in disorders of children, and -is an antidote to poisons. - -496 Ruswut.--"An extract from the root of the Amomum Anthorhizum, -Roxb." Bitter and pungent; hot; beneficial in mucous disorders, -affections of the mouth, eyes, boils, and eruptions. In -A. Huzzood. "Mixed with equal parts of alum and opium, rubbed up -together with a little water, it is perhaps the best application in -ophthalmia ever used, applied all round the eye." Trans. - -497 Russ.--In P. called Sheera. When written singly, it means the -juice of the sugar-cane. It is moist, aperient, and promotes digestion, -and removes flatulence. - -498 Rusunjeen.--A name for Ruswut. - -499 Russ Kapoor.--"An oximuriate of mercury." A medicine of India, -resembling the Sumbulkhar; hot and dry in the 3rd degree. It is -a poison, but is very useful in Lues Venerea; it affects the gums, -loosens the teeth, and debilitates the stomach. Its corrector is milk -and butter; its succedan is DarshÈkina: the dose one soorkh. - -500 Rekhbuk or Rekhbukh, or Rekhba. The title given to any medicine -that promotes digestion. It is cool, strengthens the system, increases -semen and mucus, cures disorders of bile and blood, heat at stomach, -emaciation, wind, and hectic fever; it increases mucus. - -501 Recktaal or Rukitkund, a kind of PÈndaloo. - -502 Ruckitchunden. Pterocarpus Santalinus, W. - -Racta Chundana, San. A name for real Sanders wood. Sweet, bitter, -cool, heavy; it strengthens eye-sight, induces costiveness; creates -nausea, cures thirst, disorders of the blood, bile, fevers, and boils -or other eruptions. - -503 Rukitsal.--Red rice. A kind of Santi; it is light and is very -beneficial; increases strength, clears the complexion, removes -disorders of the three secretions; is diuretic, clears the voice, -increases semen and wind, and removes general heat. - -504 Rukitphoop.--A variety of the KanaÈr; some say it is a kind of -the Biscopra; it is called by both names. - -505 Rungni.--Pungent and hot; destroys appetite; cures cough, asthma, -mucus, and fever from mucus and wind. The white Rungni is pungent -and hot; increases eye-sight; consolidates (amalgamates) mercury; -promotes appetite, loosens phlegm and wind. - -506 Rungtirra.--Called also Sungtirra. It derives its name from the -Emperor Allam Gheer the 2nd, because he used it as a medicine; and -because no name of a stone can ever be mentioned in the presence of -the Emperor, instead of Sungtirra it was therefore called Rungtirra. - -507 Rawasun.--A name of Rasun. - -508 Rohoo.--A name for Shobooth. It is slightly astringent, and in -a small degree increases bile; also gives general strength. I have -found it beneficial as an aphrodisiac in strengthening the system -and increasing semen; but I have observed that if it does not digest -easily it weakens the stomach and produces much mucus; its corrector -is ginger, honey, or other medicines of a hot and dry quality. - -509 Roohus.--Vide Kundhul. - -510 Roopa.--Called also Roopuk. (Silver.) Astringent, moist, cool, -aperient, cardiac, and stomachic. It augments the strength of youth, -and preserves meat from becoming putrid; decreases fat, strengthens -the brain and bones, and thickens semen, decreases corpulency, -and cures disorders of wind and bile. It forms an ingredient in all -famous recipes. Its calx is called Roopruss, and it is more powerful -than any other. Ranga resembled it in its properties, also Gold. - -511 Rooi.--When very old, if stuffed into the nose, it promotes the -discharge of every thing offensive from the brain. It also cures -disorders in the head, the consequence of indigestion, as also -hemicrania. A. Kotun (Cotton.) - -512 Romus or Mudwal. A name of Bindaloo. - -513 Rohni.--Of two kinds, both astringent and cool; beneficial in worms -in the stomach, and affections of the throat, which it also clears. - -514 Roheera.--A medicine of India; laxative; useful in wind, Badgola, -affections of the liver and spleen, and in dropsy. - -515 Rahusphill.--A kind of Mowa. - -516 Reewudj.--The name of a shrub, cool and useful in suppression of -urine, general heat, disorders of the three secretions, and blood; -its tree is astringent and hot; cures disorders of the mouth, and -is an antidote to poisons; it is vermifuge, cures itches, boils, -and wounds, and disorders of the blood and mucus. It prevents the -effects of evil-eyes, or demoniacal possession. - -517 Reech.--The Bear. Its taste is sweet, cool, and heavy; it is -aphrodisiac, and removes affections from wind. P. Khirs. - -518 Reenga.--The fruit of the Sumhaloo; produces appetite, clears -the uterus after parturition; increases knowledge and bile. - -519 Reetha.--"Sapindus Saponaria. The soap-nut, soap-wort." Hot, -and useful in disorders of the three secretions, and in blood. This -however does not coincide with the result of my experience, but I -have found it useful in cases of hemicrania, as a cephalic used in the -opposite nostril: prevents demoniacal possession. A. Bunduck Hindui. - -520 Rewind.--"Rheum Palmatum. Rhubarb." Laxative, stomachic, and -astringent; and if taken after meals with rose water, it promotes -digestion and strengthens the bowels. It removes mucus from the -pylorus. - -521 Zeera.--"Cuminum Cyminum, W. Jiraca, S. Cumin seed." Hot and dry; -light, stomachic, astringent; increases knowledge, clears the uterus; -and of use in disorders of that viscus; it relieves flatulence, -Badgola, and vomiting. - -522 Zeerki.--A name for Zuerishk. - -523 Zachmeheath.--A small shrub, growing close on the ground, covering -it with its foliage; it is found by the side of fields of water; it -is of two kinds, the leaf of one small and thin, those of the other -broad and thick. The first kind is excellent in the cure of piles: -thus, dried in the shade, pounded, sifted, and taken every morning in -the quantity of a palmful with water, for fourteen days; and every -night at bed-time, taking 12 mashas of K˙nd Sia, and during its use -abstaining from all acids, or other things, which may produce wind. - -524 Zerki.--A name of pepper, called also K·la Dana. - -525 Zumiekund.--A name for Soor˙n. - -526 Sanbir.--A name for Sembile. - -527 Saarba.--A medicine of India, of two kinds, both sweet, moist, -and heavy; produces semen, and is aphrodisiac; cures disorders of wind, -bile, mucus, menorrhagia, and colliquative diarrhoea in fever. - -528 Saramill or Sarumluk, or Saral.--The author of the Dara Shekoi -has described this as a medicine of India, and in other works that I -have consulted, it is called Sangterra. In taste it is astringent, and -heavy; beneficial in disorders of wind; and increases mucus and bile. - -529 Saluk or Salook.--A flower, q. vide. - -530 Sagown or Saag.--A tree of the hills of Hindostan: the upper -surface of the leaves is hard and raised like a file. Some say that -this is the Pheelgosh (Elephant's ear), from its resemblance to the -ear of the Elephant; it is cool, and useful in disorders of wind and -blood. "Tectona grandis." - -531 Saalpernie or Saloom.--A medicine of India; heavy, cures fever, -difficulty of breathing, and disorders of wind, bile, and mucus; -it produces nausea, restrains diarrhoea, beneficial in dryness of -the seven dhats, strengthens the system, is aphrodisiac, and forms -an ingredient in all the favorite formulÊ. In the Dhunterri it is -written, that in its taste it is pungent; having small and green -leaves, the seed-vessel about an inch long, seed small and numerous; -curing chronic fevers, seminal weakness, and swelling of the body. It -is said to be hot. "Hedysarum Gangeticum." - -532 Saalie.--A tree of the hills, of which elephants are very fond, -and which soon brings them into good condition. It cures boils and -eruptions, disorders of blood and mucus, and restrains diarrhoea. Its -branches quickly take root by being planted, and when used as posts for -the support of a roof, it quickly covers the whole with its foliage. - -533 Saaltie.--Commonly called Kaphoor Kutcherie; cool light, -astringent; promotes digestion, cures cough and disorders of the -blood. A species of Kachoor, having a pleasant smell like Camphor. - -534 Saaje.--A name for Serje, q. v. - -535 Sawang.--A culinary grain, used by the villagers; it is smaller -than the Badjera, is smooth and pointed; it grows also wild, of a -smaller size. It is cool and dry; useful in bilious disorders and -mucus, and dries the seven d'hats. - -536 Saal.--Sweet to the taste and pungently sweet in digestion; -cool, light, astringent; cures disorders of wind, bile, and mucus, -and preserves the health. There are other kinds of this, but this -is the one to be preferred. One kind is red, called Rakitsal; it is -nearly of the same nature, (a kind of rice). - -537 Salamookh.--A kind of rice like the former. - -538 Saro.--(Myna). Its meat is dry and moist in equal degrees; -increases knowledge and appetite, strengthens the system, removes -laxities of the bowels, useful in bruises and hurts, relieves cough, -lessens mucus and hectic fever; it is called Sawur, and in A. Zerzore, -P. Sharug. - -539 Sabur.--A kind of deer, whose skin is used in covering sheaths -for swords, and by the lower classes and hunters as lining for their -clothes. Its meat is sweet; in digestion it is cool, moist, and heavy; -increases mucus, and cures disorders from diffusion of bile. - -540 Sarass.--A species of heron, "Ardea Antigone." A large bird, with -a long neck and legs, of a lead color; the male lives always with his -mate. Its flesh is cool, moist, and heavy; strengthens the system, -decreases urine and fÊces, cures disorders of wind, blood and bile. - -541 Saamp.--The Snake. Its meat is moist and heavy, is vermifuge, -and kills worms in the rectum; increases knowledge, strengthens the -system. If the old skin when shed be bruised and applied to the eyes, -it increases the strength of vision; and if burnt, and its ashes -rubbed on parts where no hair grows, it will reproduce it. Snakes -avoid its smell when burning, and if the whole skin be tied round -the thigh of a woman in labor, it will facilitate the process. P. Mar. - -542 Saal.--The name of a common tree, the wood of which is generally -useful. It is cool and astringent; cures disorders of wind, mucus, -poisons, boils, eruptions, and is beneficial in burns. A. Saage. - -543 Satoon.--A name for Chitoor. - -544 Sip Kullie.--The Lizard. A. Saamaberus, P. ChillpusÊ. It does -not frequent those places where saffron is kept. If split open and -applied to a part where a thorn or arrow may have entered deep, -it will effect its extraction by suction. - -545 Soopearee.--"Areca Catechu." Astringent, cool, dry, and heavy; -cures disorders of mucus and bile, increases appetite; removes -bad taste in the mouth; when fresh it is very heavy and produces -flatulence; is diaphoretic; injures appetite and eyesight, and causes -a prolonged retention of semen. - -546 Subskun.--A name for Baraikund. - -547 Sutarie.--The juice of the Soopearee tree; it strengthens the -teeth and stomach, contracts the vagina, and cures leucorrhoea; -it is intoxicating. - -548 Setoopula.--A kind of sugar. - -549 Setawur,--also Setawurie or Shetawur, vide S. - -550 Sutputtrie.--A name for Roocha, vide R. - -551 Sutsar.--A kind of cucumber. - -552 Suteepulas.--A kind of Kutchoor. - -553 Soocherakhar.--The common Sedjee, (impure carb. of soda.) This -name is given to the purer sorts. If 3 mashas be mixed with a cupful -of dhaie, it is useful in cholicks. If mixed with lime juice, it is -used to write on stone, and the stone placed on a slow fire as long -as you can snap your fingers 100 times, and then taken off, when the -writing will be found white and permanent. The physician Nouruddee -has mentioned this to be the case. - -554 Sedarth.--Pungent and bitter, hot and dry; cures disorders of -mucus, itch, Juzam, apthÊ; is vermifuge, and promotes appetite, -but causes diffusion of the bile in the blood, and its consequent -disorders. The green leaves are heavy and cool. In my opinion they -are hot, and obstruct the flow of urine, increase indigestion, and -disorders of the three secretions. The above is a white kind of Sersom, -the name taken from the Sanscrit. - -555 Sud Sohaung.--The name of a red flower in India; its leaves -three-cornered, serrated; it is cool, and beneficial in disorders -from poisons, bile, blood; in dropsy and nausea; 3 mashas of this -bruised and taken with water is useful in gonorrhoea. - -556 Suda Khar.--A salt from a grass, very hot, and is used for -cleansing lardaceous matter from sores; it increases the opening in -boils, but decreases strength. - -557 Sudaphill or Sudeephill.--A name for Bale. - -558 Sudagolab.--A flower like the rose. Its tree is larger than the -rose-bush, and its flower has a different smell; it is always in -flower, from which circumstance it derives its name. I have not seen -this noticed in any other work of India, but it is probably the Koocha: -q. v. - -559 Surphoka.--A plant of India, about a yard in height or sometimes -more. It is very common; it is also called Joojer, and is a kind of -Chirchirra Soorkh. It is bitter, astringent, and light; cures disorders -of the liver and spleen, boils and eruptions, and cough; is an antidote -to poisons; useful in disorders of the blood, difficulty of breathing, -and fever. I have found it very beneficial in clearing the blood, -and useful in correcting bile, curing itch, lues, and other eruptions. - -560 Serje.--A name for Saaje. "Tectona grandis." - -561 Sooryalee.--A plant about 6 feet high. I have seen it in Hissar in -abundance; it grows in the rains and spreads over the sides of houses, -its stem is then about an inch in diameter; its branches also thin, -and of a bright red colour; its flowers are beautiful, white and -red; when ripe it in some degree resembles wheat; its flowers are -crooked. It is aphrodisiac. - -562 Sirpund.--Aperient; cures general swellings, and disorders of -wind and bile. - -563 Sericbans.--Useful in mucous disorders and affections of the eyes. - -564 Seriss.--"Mimosa Seris," called also Sereeka; a very large tree -of India. Its flowers have a sweet smell, and are very beautiful; it -is cool, cures boils and eruptions, poisons, aches, and swellings. If -a decoction of the leaves be taken internally in ophthalmia, and the -juice of the leaves dropped into the eye, it will be very useful, and -this I have tried. The bark of the tree dried and pounded is excellent -when sprinkled on foul ulcers, in which too it kills maggots. The smell -of the flower is useful in head-aches and hemicrania, in cough and -in jaundice. If the root of the white Seriss be kept in the mouth, it -lengthens aphrodisia. Some have called this Layetoolatees. If the seeds -be bruised with water, and this dropt into the eye, it will remove -specks; the oil of the seed is also very effectual for this purpose. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -"Seriss is among the Indian physicians, hot and dry, and in the -opinion of some cool and dry; it cures swellings and wind. If the -bark of the stem, the bark of the root, with the flowers and seeds -of each, 3 mashas, be bruised, sifted, and mixed with cow's urine, -and taken thrice a day, it will cure the bite of a snake, and for -one whole year no reptile will injure you. The bark of an aged -tree is the best. When the sun shall be in the division Joura, -if daily for three days, 6 mashas of the bark be taken in congee, -it will render the person invulnerable to the bite of any noxious -reptile for a year. If the oil be extracted by heat from the seeds, -and applied to the white spots of leprosy, it will cure them." - -565 Sirool.--Bitter, hot, and light; cures affections of the throat, -ear, eye, and disorders of wind. - -566 Sirsom or Seerkup. P. Sirshuph.--In India this is used to produce -a very common oil; it is hot, and increases disorders of the mouth, -and decreases mucus and semen; expels wind; is vermifuge, and if -much be taken it will injure the eyesight; if a woman uses it during -the lochial discharge, it will increase her strength and improve her -complexion. One kind of this is white, and is called Sedarth, q. v. - -"Sinapis Dichotoma, (Roxb. MS.) Sp. ch. dichotomous, siliques -cylindric, smooth, spreading, bark straight and tapering, leaves -stem-clasping; the lower somewhat lyred, superior ovate, lanceolate, -entire, all are smooth, as are also stem and branches." Roxb. - -567 Soorunkitki.--A kind of Ketki, like the Sinobir. It has twelve -leaves or more in the flower, its scent is sweet and soft. The -plant flowers only once in 6 or 7 years; both kinds are sweet, cool, -bitter, pungent, and light, and cure disorders of mucus. The juice -of the Keora is also used for the same purpose, and mixed with it, -is cardiac. The Ketki is a variety of Keora. - -568 Sirunmaki.--It is astringent, pungent, light, aphrodisiac and -cardiac; cures Juzam, swellings of the body, piles, seminal weakness, -pains in the urinary bladder, marasmus, disorders of the blood, -and dropsy; is an antidote to poisons; cures hectic fever; clears -the throat, and is an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ. - -569 Seroopjeea.--A kind of Jeeaphup. - -570 Seriepurnie.--A kind of Arnee, also called Gumbar. - -571 Seroopbudder.--A name also of Gumbar. - -572 Surwalla.--The name of a common shrub. - -573 Sussa.--A name for the hare. The meat is sweet, cool, and light; -induces costiveness, increases appetite, cures difficulty of breathing -and sunpat, removes dysentery, and is both a medicine and article -of diet. - -574 Suffrie Amer.--The Guava, "Psidium pyriferum." Vide Anervade. - -575 Segund Philla.--A kind of date. - -576 Soogunass.--A name for Arloo. - -577 Sillajeet, also Silladeet, Styrax or Storax; a balsam, pungent, -bitter, and stimulating, more pungent in digestion; hot, cures -seminal weakness, piles from cold, Juzam, dropsy, marasmus, difficulty -of breathing, tabes, idiotism, swellings of the body, disorders of -mucus and blood. Is vermifuge, lithontriptic, and otherwise generally -useful. It in one of the most powerful remedies; is stronger than -any other ingredient in whatever formulÊ it may form a part, and it -increases the effects of all others; it is the favorite medicine of -all Indian physicians. - -Sut Sillajeet is the strongest, for this means Sillajeet in a refined -state. I have found it excellent in gonorrhoea, and for thickening -the seminal fluid; also for strengthening the kidnies and urinary -bladder. The mode of preparing it, is as follows: - -The Sillajeet is dissolved in water and placed in the sun in a new -earthen vessel till it becomes thick, and its color assumes a reddish -or yellowish hue; then it must be taken from the surface as much as -is clean, and preserved in another new vessel; this too is placed -in the sun, well protected from dust, till it becomes dry. This is -the Sut Sillajeet, and what remains in the first vessel is again -purified in the same manner for three different times, and each time -the pure drug is dried as above. It is easily purified by fire, and -more quickly; but this is much to be preferred. It is brought from -the hills ready prepared. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -"Sillajeet is the urine of the hill wild goat, which when the -animal is rutting, is discharged on the stones and evaporated by the -sun's heat. It is found in small quantities, of a black color. It -is hot in the 3rd, and dry in the 2nd degree. In the opinion of -Indian physicians, it is useful in all kinds of seminal weakness, in -swellings, in Juzam, epilepsy, diabetes, stone in the bladder, and in -gravel. The Sillajeet is often mixed with lime, but the adulteration is -discovered by the change of color. Some have said that it is the urine -of the wild ass, found as above. The purified kind is the best. In -Juzam, if ate for 40 days, it is a cure, and even in the last stages -of the disease it is beneficial. It loosens wind and phlegm." - -578 Sillaruss.--Hot and moist; increases eyesight and semen, and -cures Juzam and itch. A. Myasayela. - -579 Somooderphill.--A medicine of India, more black in color than -the Hurr, of a square shape, and its corners of a red color; these, -however, also become black from age; mixed with human milk and used as -a cephalic, it will cause a discharge of all phlegm from the head. If -mixed with the juice of the Gooma, it will cure hemicrania. The bark -of the root is very efficacious in swellings of the hands and feet; -and ate with salt and anise seed in warm water, it will be found -excellent in pains of the bowels. - -Some have named this Hubbooneel, but how far this is correct I -know not. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -"Somoderphill is hot and dry; if introduced into the nose with goat's -milk or urine, it will cure head-ache, hemicrania, suppressed mucus, -&c. If mixed with goat's urine and applied to the eyes, it will cure -night blindness, and removes opacities in the cornea. Mixed with human -urine, it is both ate and applied to the nose in bites of snakes, and -with sheep's urine or buffaloe's dung is applied to the pubis in the -cure of diabetes; mixed with turmeric, it is an useful application to -the spots of white leprosy; with sugar, ate for the cure of seminal -weakness; with aniseed, in pains of the bowels; with cow's urine, -in hiccup; with dhaie, as an astringent; with ginger, in rheumatism; -with human urine, in black jaundice; with cow's urine, in mesenteric -obstructions of children; and for those who are dull of hearing, -mixed with Bhangra or honey, as an application to the inside of the -ear. In restrained or obstructed lochia, or retention of the placenta, -with asafoetida; and with cloves and sugar, in intermittent fever." - -580 Somooder Phane.--Sponge. - -581 Somooder Lone.--Murias SodÊ. The sea salt; it is sweet and bitter, -hot and cool, in equal degrees; tonic, anthelmintic, purgative; -promotes appetite and digestion, cures disorders of wind, and corrects -irregularities of bile and mucus. - -582 Somoodersake.--Convolvulus Argenteus, also Ruttunmala. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -"A seed like the mustard; black and aperient, cool and moist, in the -1st degree; is aphrodisiac; strengthens the stomach, removes heat -of urine, gonorrhoea, thinness of semen, the secretion of which it -thickens and increases. It is astringent, and produces flatulence. Its -corrector is sugar; its succed. Sireyara: dose six mashas." - -583 Sungtirra.--The author of the Ayeen Akberry calls it Sontirra. A -fruit of India of great esteem; it is of a yellowish red color, in -shape like the apple, but larger. Its rind is fine, soft, and smooth, -like the Sylhet orange, which it in all respects much resembles. It -is large, sweet, and acid. There are different names for the different -kinds of oranges, but this is the largest and best. It is in my opinion -cool, cardiac, drying; allays heat and thirst, and prevents the ill -effects of wind, loosens phlegm and bile, strengthens the stomach; -is very grateful when ate with sugar; and its acid is less hurtful -than many others. I have known a man of a bilious temperament, who -told me that he always found relief from the use of this orange. The -emperor was in the habit of eating it in Pilaus, when sweetened with -sugar and rose-water, and thus used, he called it Rahut Jahn. It -is thus rendered more cooling and more grateful to the taste. He -also ate it when cooled in ice, and found it useful in giving tone -to the stomach. The people of India use it with their food. If ate -after having been sprinkled with a little salt, its acid will have -less effect on the teeth, mouth, and throat; this however, can only -be necessary when unripe or not of the best kind. "Many more trivial -properties are ascribed to this orange in the original, which would -only be waste of time and paper to record."--Trans. It is said to be -hurtful in coughs, and colds. - -584 Singhara.--"Trapa natuns." "Trapa Bispinosa." A common triangular -water-nut, like the hermodactyls; it is the produce of ponds or -reservoirs of water. When green and unripe, it is pleasantest to the -taste; when ripe, it becomes hard, and when dried, more so; it is -much employed in aphrodisiac formulÊ. It is sweet, cool, and heavy; -cures bilious disorders, and those of blood; removes heat of the body, -restrains laxities in the bowels, and increases semen. It is generally -liked and universally eaten. - -585 Sindoorie.--A name for Sud· Soh·gun. - -586 Sunkaholie.--A small plant, with very thin branches like common -grass; its leaves are very small; it is a creeper on the ground; -its flower white and small, and looks very beautiful in the evenings -or in moonlight nights. It is astringent, hot, and moist; aperient -and aphrodisiac; increases memory, understanding, and perception, -and likewise discrimination; cures seminal weakness, and forms an -ingredient in all favorite formulÊ; cures gonorrhoea; and I have -often used the bark of its root as an aphrodisiac and for increasing -the consistence of semen. Some have called this Soorch. - -587 Sunn.--"Crotalaria Juncea." A plant, the bark of which is used as -hemp; it is usually sown around cotton fields. It is of two kinds, -the second called Rasni. It is pungent and acid, and its leaves are -used as a culinary vegetable; it is cool, heavy, and astringent. Its -flower is used as an astringent in lochial discharge. - -588 Sunkh.--A white shell of a very large size; cool, light; -strengthens the eye-sight, cures mucous disorders, and those of bile -and blood. A. Hulzoom. There is a small kind called Cowrie; if this -be burnt and calcined, it will quickly dry up sores by being sprinkled -over them. - -589 Sebaloo.--or Sebalie, or Nindee, see N. Vitex Trifolia. - -590 Sindoor.--The red oxide of lead, used externally. "Sindoora, -S." Hot; cures acne and Juzam, and disorders of poison, boils, and -eruptions; clears wounds; promotes the junction of broken bones. The -ointment of this is very excellent in sores. The receipt is to be -found in many other works. - -591 Soomboolkhar.--"The white Oxide of Arsenic." It is white and like -alum in color; it ought to be chosen thus: when rubbed on a crow's -feather and put over the fire, if it does not smoke, and the feather -becomes white, it is good. A. Toorabalhalik. There are six kinds of -this, one named Sunkia, the third Godunta, the fourth Darma, the fifth -Huldia; but each will be noticed under its own proper head. The Yunani -physicians do not allow this to form a part of their prescriptions, -as they believe it destroys the vital principle; and such medicines as -are deleterious in their effects, such as opium, they always exhibit -with correctors, for this reason such remedies are seldom noticed or -used by them. The physicians of India, on the contrary, find these -drugs more effectual in many disorders than others of less power, -and such the calx of metals. For this reason too, I am in the habit -of seldom giving these remedies internally, but I usually confine -my use of them to external application, and as aphrodisiacs, which -I prescribe to a few friends, who may have derived no benefit from -Yunani prescriptions. It is better, however, to use as few of them -as possible. The sixth kind is Hurtaal. - -592 Sunkia.--A kind of arsenic. - -593 Sunkhal.--A species of Bindaloo. - -594 Sungjerahut.--It obtains its name from being useful in -wounds. Throughout India it is also known by the name of Sungderaz. It -is a stone of very soft consistence; cool and light; beneficial in -fever, bile, asthma, pains in the chest, flatulence, and laxities -in the bowels; and when used in ointment, dries up ulcerated -parts, removes pain, and acts as an absorbent in the stomach and -bowels. I have found it by experience to be extremely useful in the -before-mentioned complaints, also in diarrhoea; in Hindostan it is -called Surkoola. - -595 Sungjoothka.--A name for Jui; having a white flower. - -596 Soorinjoothka.--Also a name for the above; having a yellow flower. - -597 Sonamukie.--A name for Marka sheesha. "Marcasite stone." - -598 Sooroon.--A kind of Baharkund, called Zemeekund. A root, resembling -a turtle, used in India as pickles; it is dressed with meat, and also -used by itself; it is dry, light, and stomachic; useful in disorders -of phlegm and piles; it produces eruptions from diffusion of bile, -and some have called it difficult of digestion. Those who are in a -reduced state, or have weak stomachs, had better not eat more than -20 direms. To my knowledge, it is much used in piles; it is said to -be beneficial in cholics and pains in the bowels. It increases bile; -and is hurtful in disorders of blood; it is also injurious to the -throat. Its correctors are fresh dhaie, and being parboiled in water -and the water changed. It may also be corrected by being boiled with -tamarind or anula leaves. Enclosed in clay and roasted in an oven, -the outer rind pulled off, it will be found less hurtful; in any -other manner it irritates the throat. If used in powder, it must -be skinned and dried in the shade; one kind of it is white inside, -and of a purple color externally. A third is white on both sides; -the former is the strongest: it is also named Soorunsona. - -599 Soombullie.--Pungent and bitter, cures disorders of wind and mucus, -and is an ingredient in favorite formulÊ. - -600 Soos.--"The Porpus Delphinus." Its flesh is moist -and heavy, cures disorders of wind, and increases semen and -mucus. P. KhookmaiÈ. A. Delphine. The author of the Echtyarat has -described this as a large fish of a black color, with a head like -that of the hog. - -601 Suer.--See Kual. - -602 Suwa.--Its flesh is cool, dry, light, and astringents; useful in -bruises; cures phlegm, cough, and hectic fever. A. Begha. - -603 Soopee.--Any kind of fried pea, deprived of its shell. - -604 Sona.--A precious metal; cool, heavy, and aphrodisiac; beneficial -as an antidote to poisons, and in repressing the three secretions; -used in mania, fever, and dryness; clears the complexion, and is -an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ. When prepared for use, it is -called Mirganick. - -605 Somph.--"Aniseed, Pimpinella Anisum." One kind of it is called -Seethka, the other Sowa; the former means the largest kind; both are -bitter, sweet, hot, and light; improves appetite; cure affections of -wind and mucus; useful in cholic, boils, eruptions, and all disorders -of the eyes, and increases bile. One kind, the latter, is used for -disorders of females. A. Razeena. P. Valanbuzury. - -606 Sonth.--"Amomum Zingiber." The dried root; moist and light; sweet -during digestion, and hot; promotes appetite and digestion; allays -vomiting, cures difficulty of breathing, cough, itch, affections -of the heart, swellings of the scrotum, and swellings in general; -rheumatic pains in the joints, pains of the urinary bladder, piles, -and flatulence, and clears the voice. Pills made of Sonth are very -generally beneficial, and the result of my experience I have published -at full in my other works. - -607 Sowa.--A. Shibbet. P. Wallankhoord. Hot, dry, and aperient; -its smell soporific; its leaves hurtful to the stomach. The seed -Dill. Anethum Sowa, Roxb. - -608 Soonchur.--A name for the salt Soonchur, also Soonchill. - -609 Soorjemooki.--A name for Adittbaqut. "Helianthus Annuus." - -610 Sooderie.--Its smell is strong and penetrating, like an animal -in the rutting season; pungent and hot; beneficial in wind and fever, -and clears the voice; the black kind is used in various formulÊ. - -611 Soubustanee.--A name for Valanchoord. - -612 Sooe Junglie.--A name for Pitpapra. - -613 Soonkullie.--A shrub hurtful to animals. - -614 Sowall.--A name for Thaleeb. Cool; improves the color of the skin; -cures remittents, and a little of it introduced into the parts of -both sexes, useful in gonorrhoea. - -615 Soorudjjhall--A name for Lootooperie. - -616 Sohora.--Cures affections of blood and mucus, and restrains -laxities of the bowels. - -617 Sahunserbede.--A soft stone, of a dark-red color; cool and dry in -the second degree; used by Indian physicians in disorders of blood, -in laxatives from indigestion, acne, boils, psora, and infantile -eruptions; given with milk or butter to the quantity from two to -four soorkhs. - -618 Sohunjena.--or Sahinjena, or Sajena, or Sekir. "Hyperanthera -morunga, W. Sobhanjana, S. Guilandina moringa. The root of the tree -scraped exactly resembles horse-radish, and is used as such in all -parts of India. It is a rubifacient, and useful as a stimulant." A -tree common in India; hot and light; useful in disorders of the eyes; -creates appetite; restrains diarrhoea, cures disorders of wind, -mucus, acne, and swellings of the body, affections of the spleen, -boils, and eruptions, and cleanses the blood. It is of three kinds; -the second kind, which is red, is said to be aperient and astringent; -in other properties the same. Its flower is heavy and astringent; -cures disorders of mucus, swellings of the body, and increases the -wind. The people of India use its flowers as a pickle in oil, and my -father used to recommend this pickle to those of a cold temperament, -but it is prejudicial to the eyes; it is thus prepared: - -The flowers are put into water for a day, and washed; a little -mustard seed added, and the whole put into serson oil. This pickle -is less hot than the plant. Pickle made from the root, removes wind; -the leaves bruised and applied to ulcers, cleans and heals them. - -619 Sahidei.--A plant about half a yard in height; its leaves like -the Toolsi, cool and moist; useful in suppressed wind, fever, pains in -the limbs, swellings of the throat; its use increases the complexion -and volume of blood. It is used for killing mercury. - -620 Sohaga.--A name for Tunkhar. - -621 Sembill.--"Bombax Heptaphyllum. Silk-cotton Tree." A large tree -of India; its leaves like the Jamin, but broader and more long, about -half the breadth of the peepul and twice the length; in thickness, -color, and mark, the same. Its flowers resemble the Bukaen when small, -but when more advanced, it becomes more like the goolur, and when full -grown, the flowers are as large as a large lime. It then spreads and -becomes red; after this it again closes; the flower then falls, and -leaves the seed vessel. The capsule is twice as large as that of the -Mudar, and when ripe, is filled with cotton. I have ate of the flower -when at its middle growth, and found it pleasant to the taste, but it -produces flatulence. It is cool and aphrodisiac; induces corpulence; -is astringent, and cures boils and eruptions, Juzam, and disorders -of the blood and bile: some call its gum Moocherus, the author of -the Topha for instance; but Moocherus is the gum or flower of the -Phoopul tree. In the opinion of the physicians of India, the Sembill -is a powerful medicine as an aphrodisiac. If the juice of the root -be made into sherbet with equal part of sugar, it will increase age -by restoring the vital energy, increase understanding and semen; -the larger and older the tree, and the thicker the root, the greater -its strength as a medicine. The small roots are cut into slices, -dried on a rope, and sold; in this state, it resembles Bhamun Soorkh. - -Ascetics have said, that the perpendicular root of a large full -grown Sembill tree, cut in pieces, dried and reduced to a powder -is powerfully aphrodisiac, in the quantity of 4 direms daily. I -have taken this powder to the quantity of one tolah with sugar, and -have also prescribed it with advantage; it strengthens the stomach, -and is gently laxative. If given with honey, I conceive that its -virtues will be increased. The author of the celebrated work Ahmed -Ben Shirazee has told the following story, which I shall relate as -nearly as may be in his own words. "I was," says he, "on a journey, -when coming to a village in India, and being very thirsty, I met an -old man from whom I requested water to drink; I observed that this old -man had a peculiarly healthy appearance, and seemed plump and stout; -he had a young woman with him, whom he sent to his house for water, -and who brought it me to drink. I then asked him whether that young -girl was his daughter; he laughing answered that she was his wife, -and that he had three others equally young. I was somewhat surprised -at this, and asked him if this was not too many for him; he replied -no! More and more astonished, I asked him if this was really the case; -he avowed it to be so. I then questioned him how he came to be endowed -with so much strength, and how old he was; he told me that his age -was 110 years, and related the following facts: That when 50 years' -old he had already become aged and feeble, and was so much decayed in -constitution, that he seldom rose from his bed, and when he did so, -was obliged to support himself on a crutch. That a fakeer passing that -way observed his feeble state, and feeling compassion for his helpless -situation, asked him what ailed him: he replied, nothing; but that old -age had come upon him. The fakeer then gave him a medicine which he -had taken ever since, with an injunction to abstain from all acids: -this he had done, and that the effect was such as I saw. He likewise -told me that he had a son nearly 80 years of age, who had also used -the fakeer's prescription, and who was much stouter and more healthy -in every respect than he. - -"Astonished at this relation, I procured the receipt, and thus hand -it down to posterity. - -"Take the white roots of a full grown, healthy Sembill tree, which -is soft; cut them in pieces, dry them in the shade, and reduce them -to a powder: sift it very fine, with equal parts of sugar, and over -the fire, form it into an electuary: of this 5 direms are to be eaten -daily, and no acid to be used. - -"To this the old man swore, and brought his son and introduced him to -me to prove the truth of his story. The son corroborated the assertion -of his father, and added that he had ate the remedy only two years, -when he became as he then was; certain it is, he had not a grey hair -in his head." - -622 Semb.--also SÈme. A common creeper; its leaves very green and -small, broad in the centre and pointed: a smaller leaf rising from -the same part of the stem; its flower is small and of a yellowish -color. Its seed is like the pistachio nut, but more broad and longer -in some degree, like the stone of the tamarind; it is called B·kl· -Hindui; it is cool, astringent, flatulent, and from its astringency -strengthens the stomach; is aphrodisiac; cures bilious disorders; -increases mucus, and the Hindoos have recommended it for the cure of -wind; but in this I do not concur, as it is rather apt to produce -wind; they are however in the habit of recommending all medicines -that procure a discharge of flatus. One kind is called Golesemb, -also called Krishnphilla; its seed is larger and longer than the one -now described; it is hot, and cures disorders of wind, bile, and mucus. - -623 Sehoond.--A prickly plant, growing wild. A. Zakoom. It is so -called, but the seed of the Zakoom is said to be like the Hurr, -whereas the Sehoond has no seed; it is pungent, heavy, laxative; -increases appetite, cures dropsy; is an antidote to poison, useful in -affections of the spleen, Juzam, idiotism, marasmus, and itchiness -of the bowels, flatulent swellings, badgola, swellings in general, -and is lithontriptic. The best kind is red or of a rose color; its -milk is also red, but if put on a cloth it becomes white. All kinds -of it are used in transmutation of metals. There are several kinds in -use for various purposes, the juice is an ingredient in many formulÊ. - -624 Sisoo or Sishum, and another kind called Rusispa. It is a very -common tree of Hindostan, large like the Jamin, and its wood is durable -and excellent; it is not readily attacked by insects nor liable to -decay. If cut down when the moon is in the wane, no insect will ever -touch it; its leaves are small and round, a little inclining to oval, -with very little point, like the leaf of the Semb. Its seed-vessel -is light, and contains only two or three seeds; it is about half an -inch long; both kinds of the tree are hot, and reduce corpulency. It -also causes abortions; cures Juzam and white leprosy; is vermifuge; -removes pains in the urinary bladder; useful in boils, eruptions, heat -of body, disorders of the blood and mucus, and allays vomiting. It is -particularly useful in disorders of the blood and cuticular eruptions; -this is a favorite wood among Europeans. It is also useful in Lues -Venerea, and is thus used: one and half masha of the filings of the -centre or dark-colored wood is boiled in 3/4 pound of water, till -only one-half shall remain, then strain and drink with the following -plain sherbet: the same quantity repeated in the evening, and every -five or six days. The sherbet of Morukub mixed or drank with it. This -must be repeated for 14, or 21, or 40 days. - - -Receipt for the plain Sherbet. - -Filings of the wood, a pound, infused in 12 lbs. of river water, -for 24 hours, then boiled, and when half is evaporated, strain and -add to it 3 rittals of sugar (23 ounces), and preserve for use. Six -tolahs to be taken morning and evening, with the decoction above -specified. If this is required of additional strength, four tolahs -of Pitpapra is to be added when the decoction is nearly complete. - - -Receipt for the mixed Sherbet. - -When the above sherbet is nearly ready for use, add to it Soorinjan -(Hermodactyls), Irkhir (Camel's hay), each three tolahs and 9 mashas, -separately bruised, strained, and gradually mixed; when fully boiled -add 10 tolahs of senna, and take it from the fire. If this is required -of additional virtue for the cure of foulness of the blood and Lues -Venerea, add four tolahs of the Pitpapra before the others are mixed -with it. Ten tolahs of this in the morning is to be used as before -specified. No food to be used during the cure, except kullia, pillau, -and bread; no acid to be admitted, and no greens of any description, -and the day on which the mixed sherbet is taken, even bread is not -to be eaten. "Dalbergia Sissoo. Roxb." - -625 Sial "The Jackal." Its flesh strengthens the system, -increases semen, cures disorders of wind and hectic -fever. A. Ebn··vee. P. Sheghal. - -626 Sendhi.--The juice of the date tree; this is less powerful than -the tarrie; it is flatulent and aperient; induces corpulency, and -is aphrodisiac. - -627 SendhÊ.--A kind of Kutcherie. - -628 Sealie.--The wild carrot, long and cone-shaped. A. Shakakul. - -629 Seenaki.--A name for Karoonus Soombul. - -630 Seenku.--A name for Shummie, vide Sh. - -631 Seotie vide Kurkooja. "Rosa glandulifera. Roxb." - -632 Seelidj.--A kind of ChÈreela, which grows in stony places or -near water; it has a sweet smell; is bitter and cool, cures mucous -and bilious disorders, heat, thirst, vomiting, and asthmas. - -633 Seep or Seepie. A name for Suduf (a shell). It is pungent, shining, -and promotes digestion and appetite, strengthens the system, and is -an antidote to poisons. - -634 Saeb.--A name for Tuffah. In Yunani works, the Indian kind is -called Harara or Seoharara; it is cardiac, and its preserve is more so; -it is aphrodisiac, and produces flatulence; when unripe it is acid -and astringent, and hurtful, produces cough and decreases bile. Its -corrector is salt. - -635 Seetaphill.--The common Shereefa, q. v. - -636 Singia or Singia Jur, (Aconite.) A root like Gentian, but a most -deadly poison, and as such used by the Nepaulese. It is also called -Singia Khar or Beechnak. It is described in several works as a most -active poison, and not to be given by itself even in the smallest -quantity. It is made up for internal use as follows: - -Take of quicksilver, Singia, Hurtaal (refined), chillies, sulphur -(purified), Peepul, fine ginger, Hurrha, (large) Anula, borax -(refined), Bahera, nutmeg, each a pice weight. - -Mix the quicksilver and sulphur together with a little of the juice -of the Bhangra, then add the Hurtaal, rubbing them well, and add -all the others, with more of the juice of the Bhangra, till 10 pint -bottles or five seers shall be expended; this and these must be rubbed -continually during 12 days, and till it acquires the consistence of a -mass proper for pills. It is then to be made up into small pills of -the size of a small pea each. These are given one for a dose, with -the following vehicles, and in the cure of the following disorders; -and during their exhibition, only simple food, and no acid to be used. - - - With Kutkuleja leaves, in Vomiting, Cholera, &c. - ,, Cow's urine, in the cure of Diarrhoea. - ,, Toolsi leaves, Internal heat. - ,, Lime juice, and applied to the eyes, Evil spirits depart. - ,, Kusskuss water, in the cure of Bilious disorders. - ,, Tirphilla and ginger, in Asthma. - ,, Seed of Methi infusion, Dysentery. - ,, Honey, Emaciation. - ,, Ditto, to thicken Semen. - ,, Butch, in the cure of Tooth-ache. - ,, Pounded Kusskuss, Dropsy. - ,, Nutmeg, Rheumatism from wind. - ,, Onion Juice, Bites of snakes. - ,, Infus. of Adjwain, Thirst. - ,, [1]Juice of Kussownda, Wind. - ,, Radish juice, Offensive breath. - ,, [1]Soopearie juice, (rubbed,) Cholicks of children. - ,, Gopie earth, Strangury. - ,, Cow's Ghee, Bites of snakes. - ,, Root of Semel tree, Every thing. - ,, Old Goor, Internal heat. - ,, [1]Eleachee, (Guzerathee,) Intermittents. - ,, Mugrela and salt, Indigestion. - ,, Doob grass, Diarrhoea. - ,, Mace, externally in Night blindness. - ,, Goonchee, in the cure of General Rheumatism. - ,, Pith of Bela, Vertigo. - ,, Water of burnt wheat, Sunpat. - - -637 Shaldan.--A kind of rice, in virtue like the Saatie. - -638 Shalook.--The root of the Kawul flower, q. v. - -639 Shubbe.--Polyanthes Tuberosa. The name of a common flower, which -has a strong scent in the night; it is of several kinds, white, -yellow, red, and yellowish red. It is hot and dry in the second -degree; three direms taken in water, is diuretic, and also useful -in suppression of the menses. It expedites the delivery of the dead -foetus and of the placenta. Its smell expels mucus from the brain -and collections of wind. In those of a hot temperament it produces -head-ache. Its corrector is oil of roses, vinegar, or its own oil; -the latter is very beneficial both externally and internally used, and -possesses all the beneficial properties attributed to the flower. An -unguent composed of this, Akirkirrha, and Tokhur Unjeera, applied to -the loins, is very beneficial in the two cases mentioned above, and -is used both externally and internally in complaints of the uterus, -also in rheumatism. - -640 Shutawur.--A name for the root of a tree in the jungles, of a -prickly kind; its stem and branches are thin, with many smaller ones, -about an inch or two inches long in the intervals. Its leaves are very -thin and small, somewhat like the Fir tree. The tree itself grows to -the height of 9 or 10 feet; its seed resembles the Anboo Saleb. It is -sweet, cool, moist, and heavy; cures disorders of wind, mucus, bile, -and blood, also swellings of the body. It is aphrodisiac; increases -the secretion of milk, and is an ingredient in celebrated formulÊ. For -increasing the consistence of semen, and as an aphrodisiac, I have -found its conserve and powder of great use. One kind of it is called -Kalinta, another Maha Shutawuri; they are cool; cure piles and laxities -from indigested food, disorders of the eyes; are cardiac, aphrodisiac, -and increase knowledge. - -641 Shitawuballie.--A kind of sugar, which cures eruptions from -diffused bile, seminal weakness, delirium, nausea, and thirst. - -642 Shereefa.--Called also Seetaphill. It is sweet and cardiac; -increases semen and removes depression of spirits. If the kernel of the -seed, in the quantity of one direm, and dhaie, half rittal, be bruised -together and rubbed over the body, in cures of itch, left to dry, and -the same repeated several times, the itch will be cured; this I have -found to be the case; tried and found effectual. "Annona squamosa." - -643 Shuftaloo.--A common fruit of India. Its tree like the Aroo. It -is heavy, slow of digestion, cool, but less so than the Aroo; when -unripe it is sour. The best is sweet when ripe. - -644 Shukur Javan.--Cool; expels wind; strengthens the system; decreases -bile, wind, and mucus. A. Toorunjabeen. - -645 Shukur Kund.--"Convolvulus Batatas." A common culinary root, -sweet and a little hot, and heavy, aphrodisiac, increases semen, -and strengthens the brain. - -646 Shumie.--Commonly called Seenkur; cool, light, and soft; cures -difficulty of respiration, Juzam, piles, disorders of mucus. The -dried fruit increases knowledge, causes bile, and the growth of hair. - -647 Shunphopee.--A kind of Baer; is emetic, and beneficial in disorders -of mucus and bile. - -648 Shungirf.--The red sulphuret of mercury. A. Shingerf; sweet and -bitter; useful in fever and mucus, also fever from excess of mucus, -wind and bile. It is called also Ingoor. - -649 Sholie.--A name for wild turmeric; pungent, sweet, and bitter; -increases appetite, but vitiates taste. - -650 Shora.--Nitras PotassÊ. Nitrate of Potash. Yavakshara, -S. A. Ubkur. Aperient; increases bile. In the Dhara Shekoi, it is said, -that one dram of Shora, of the refined sort, pounded and enclosed in -two plantains for a night, and given in affections of the spleen and -Badgola, and repeated for three or four days, will cure the disease. If -bruised and applied to piles, it will remove them. As a refrigerant and -diuretic in gonorrhoea, I have found it very beneficial. It has been -given in suppression of urine to the Emperor Akber, with great success. - -651 Shetoot.--A name for the mulberry. - -652 Shehut.--Also Shehud. A. Assil, "Honey." Vide Yunani works. - -653 Sheeta.--A kind of Doob grass. - -654 Sheesha.--Resembling Kaley in properties. A. Asserab. - -655 Sheeshum.--Also Seeshum. - -656 Sheobogun.--A name for Bael, from the word Mahadeo, who is called -"Sheo," and Bogun, which signifies "ornament." - -657 Abbasie.--"Mirabilis Jalappa, W. Gul Abbas, H. The root is a -mild and efficient purgative, equal, if not superior, to the common -jalap." A very common shrub, used by Dr. McNabb, as a purgative; -its flower is of a red color and very beautiful, and there are some -yellow and white, and variegated; it grows about a yard high or even -more; its leaves are triangular, and about two inches long. A pickle -is made from the root, and the flower is dressed and eaten with -meat. The leaves are suppurating. It is generally understood that -the root, when old, is the Choobcheenee, but this is not the case, -though it resembles it, or that kind called Kutai. - -658 Ghoghaie.--A bird called in A. Asphoor. It resembles the -turtle-dove, and derives its name from the great noise it makes. It -is also called Pukherie, but this is a general name for wild fowl. - -659 Gowreh.--All kinds of green fruit. - -660 Ghafis.--Hemp; Agrimony; deobstruent; dose one miskal. - -661 Ghar.--The laurel; discutient and attenuant; dose half miskal. - -662 Ghasool.--Glasswort; Hindooi, Chook; P. Ghasul; hot and dry; -detergent and caustic; dose half direm. - -663 Ghareekoon.--Agaric; deobstruent, vermifuge, cathartic; dose one -or two danas. - -664 Ghirb.--The mountain pine, drying. - -665 Kakjunga.--Cool, but some say hot, and dry in the 2nd degree; it -is vermifuge, and useful in an over-loaded stomach, in poisons, mucus, -and eruptions from suffusion of bile; also in fevers. It also obtains -the name of Misie. Rijel ul Ghorab, A. Tokhem Khelal Kheleel, P. - -666 Kans.--A shrub with a white flower, of a downy kind; cures -suppression of urine or dysuria, heat of the body, disorders of blood, -bile, and hectic fever. - -667 Kakolie.--Its properties resemble Jirkakolie. - -668 Kaksaag.--Aperient, and promotes appetite; cures disorders of -mucus, swellings of the body, and expels wind. - -669 Kasmerie or Kasmuroo, or Kasmurga, or Kasheera. It is hot; heavy; -cures fever, pains in the bowels, and its flower is astringent and -beneficial in eruptions from diffusion of bile. It is an ingredient -in many formulÊ. It prevents the approach of old age, strengthens -all the animal functions, and is aphrodisiac and diuretic. - -670 Kanjee.--Increases the secretion of milk; cures disorders of -mucus, wind, and bile. It is the vinegar of Hindostan. It restores -prostrated strength from fatigue, removes pains in the bowels and -flatulence, and remedies costiveness. The method of preparing it is -thus. A little Zeera and Saslie are put on the fire till they produce -a smoke, an earthen vessel is then placed over them in an inverted -position to receive the smoke. Then into this is put mustard, salt, -adjwain, and cumin seed, with warm water; the mouth of the vessel -is then tied up in a cloth, and placed in the sun till it becomes -sour. In the hot-weather it is quickly prepared; the older it is, -the better for medicinal purposes. - -671 Gowrohun.--A medicine found in the gall-bladder of a cow, -and is but seldom met with. It is beneficial in affections of the -mesenteric glands of children; in the quantity of two soorkhi it is -purgative. It is also beneficial in flatulent swellings. If boiled -in water and used for some time, it will cure epilepsy. It is only -found in those cows the descendants of those herded by Khrishna. - -It is often counterfeited, but the real kind is clearer than the -spurious. - -672 Kath.--"Acacia Catechu, W. Kayar, H. Khadira, S. Mimosa Catechu, -Woodville." Called also Kuth. It is cool and vermifuge; strengthens -the teeth; cures seminal weakness, fever, white leprosy, swellings, -eruptions from bile, marasmus, Juzam, and mucous disorders. The gum -is sweet and aphrodisiac, and strengthens the system. That made from -the pith of the Khaer, is useful in boils and eruptions, affections of -the mouth, and disorders of mucus and blood. It also removes ptyalism. - -673 Kakra Singie.--It is crooked like a ram's horn; small and red, -with a tinge of black, and its pod is hollow; it is bitter, astringent, -hot, and promotes appetite, and restores the color of the skin changed -from foulness of blood; allays vomiting and thirst; cures fever and -disorders of mucus, difficulty of breathing, cough, and eructation, -also piles and dysentery. It is said to be hot and dry in the 2nd -degree. It likewise cures wind and hoarseness, and creates appetite; -and it is useful, if retained in the mouth, as a relief to cough from -phlegm; a little of it given to children at the breast, mixed with -honey, increases their strength and removes emaciation. - -674 Kanakutchoo.--Brought from Cashmere, and held in great esteem in -that country. Its taste is saltish and sweet, and it is used dressed -with meat; some call it Samaroogh, but the latter is a creeper and -does not produce seed. The fruit is about half the size of an egg, -and is suspended from the plant, which is of a white color, and grows -during the rains in the jungles, and loves the vicinity of running -water. It is also called Neerkoombie. It is found sometimes amongst -ruins, but those that grow in the jungles are to be preferred. The -lower classes of Indians use it as food, and as such it is grateful. It -is useful in affections of the eyes. - -675 Kagphill or Kagtoondie. "Strychnos Nux Vomica, W." "I have heard -that it grows very common about Midnapoor or Cuttack; several seeds -or nuts are enclosed in one pod, which in size is about that of a -horse chestnut, the seeds are surrounded in the pod by a glutinous -matter. It is said to be useful in paralysis, but has seldom been given -beyond six grains in the day."--"Trans." It has obtained its name from -being poison to the crow. Kag being the name of a crow, and phill, a -nut A. Hubbool Girab; for the same reason. It is not well ascertained -whether it is a seed or root, but it looks like a seed. It is equally -uncertain whether it is cool or hot; it is brownish, inside white; it -is round, and its shell very hard; steeped in water it becomes soft, -and its shell can be removed; it is then rasped down and pounded, -and kept in a state of powder or electuary for use. It strengthens -the system; cures disorders of wind; blackens white hair; but its -constant use produces palsy. It is an active poison; its correctors -are drinking fresh milk, producing vomiting, and taking soup, oily or -fatty substances. If externally applied to discolorations of the skin, -daad, pains, &c. it will be found beneficial. It is said in the Dara -Shekoi, to be excellent in cholics from wind. It is in my opinion hot, -but as it is a strong poison, it is better not to use it: if given -as a medicine, its correctors ought to be given with it. - -It is also mentioned among aphrodisiac medicines, and will be found -a powerful one, should it agree with the stomach. In India its name -is Koochela. - -676 Gajur.--"Daucus Carota, W." The carrot; sweet to the taste, and -equally hot and cold in its effects; it creates appetite, produces -costiveness, cures eruptions from suffusion of bile; is useful in -piles, is lithontriptic, and beneficial in mucous disorders and -wind. A. Gazur. I have found it excellent when roasted in an oven; -the thin external rind and heart removed, and ate with rose-water, -and Bedemoosk, in depression of spirits, and as a cardiac. Its -distilled water is also equally effectual. Its virtues are described -in Yunani works. - -677 Kaiphill or Kutphill. It is bitter, astringent, and pungent, -cures disorders of mucus and wind, fevers, difficulty of breathing, -seminal weakness, piles, cough, and all affections of the throat. - -678 Kanch or Kaatch; light; reduces corpulence; cures boils and -eruptions, and strengthens the eyes. It is also called Zejage. - -679 Kalizeerie.--"Nigella Indica, Roxb. Musavi, S. Sp. ch. annual, -petals entire, pistils five, length of the stamina, leaves decompound, -exterior lip of the nectary ovate, and deeply two-cleft, interior -entire and acute. Roxb. MS." A seed of a black color, twice as long as -the zeerie, and about twice the breadth; also named Kurdmana though -improperly. It is used as medicine for horses; it is hot, increases -the digestive powers, and is useful in all swellings. - -680 Kasht.--Very hard. A kind of sugar-cane. - -681 Kangeerug.--A name for Kakeerun. - -682 Kalseenbie.--A name for Kalyseeb; hot and heavy; cures disorders -of mucus and bile, also disorders in the mouth. - -683 Kansi.--P. Rooie; heavy, hot, and aperient; strengthens the eyes -and cures bilious and mucous disorders. - -684 Kathmanda.--A name for Lisanus sowr. - -685 Kalakora.--A name for Kirra Inderjow. - -686 Katchloon.--A name for Muschookoonia, also named Kuphaiena, or -Mylhoolrejaje. Its taste is rough; increases bile, decreases mucus, -and useful in splenitis. It is laxative, removes specs, and opacities -of the cornea. It dries the stomach, and externally is useful in all -kinds of itch. - -687 Kastipadile.--Vide Padill. - -688 Kalesur or Kulesur; a plant, its leaves and sprigs very thin and -small, it is sold in a dried state. It is like the Badsingbose. Its -fruit is like the Baer, but a little larger, of a clay color or -greenish. It is of two kinds, white and black, both oleaginous and -sweet, heavy, increases semen, cures disorders of the three secretions, -fevers, disorders of the vagina, dropsy, and it is astringent in its -properties. The black kind increases appetite. - -689 Kanghi.--Cool, pungent; sweetish to the taste; strengthens the -system, clears the color of the skin; is astringent, flatulent; -useful in affections of the mouth and hectic fever. - -690 Kandagolhi.--A kind of onion, used by the weavers of cloth, from -which circumstance it has derived its name ("Squills?"). It is like -the common onion, but four times as large; it grows in the jungles, and -in A. is called Unsul; its properties are described in Yunani works. - -691 Kapoor.--Cool, light, anti-aphrodisiac; beneficial in disorders of -the eyes; cures heat of the body, bad taste in the mouth; removes -corpulence and swellings of the body, disorders from poison, -and clears the brain. A. Kaphoor. It is of four kinds: Poonasir, -Bheemseejnie, Saasdaie and Bhaskur, the medicinal properties of all -are the same. "Laurus Camphora." - -692 Kupoor.--The same as above; also called Khesia. - -693 Kapoorbile.--A flower; its leaves and root resembling the saffron -flower; it is brought from Europe. - -694 Goobrowla also Goobreyla. A. Khumfusa. P. Jaab. It is described -in all Yunani works. - -695 Kapithar Jug.--A kind of Soorinjan; pungent, cool, and dry; -increases general heat and bile; cures disorders of blood and mucus; -also removes daad; is vermifuge, and is an antidote to poison. - -696 Kupass or Kurpass. "Gossypium herbaceum." It is sweet, hot, and -light; cures disorders of wind; it is the cotton tree; some call it -cool. Its seed increases the secretion of animal milk, removes bile, -mucus, heat, thirst, fatigue, epilepsy, &c. The wild species is cool, -and increases the acuteness of taste and cures ulcers. It is also -called Karis or Karpassie. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Kupass is the cotton tree; hot and moist; cures asthma, cough, -costiveness; loosens the chest. The cotton burnt and applied to ulcers, -dries them up, blown into the nose stops bleeding; also bleeding of -the gums. Should any one have eaten dhatura, and become insensible, -four direms of the seeds bruised in water, and given to drink will -remove the cause. It is also an antidote to the poison of opium, -bhang, snakes, the root of dhatura, scorpions, &c. in the quantity -of seven direms. - -697 Kubab Cheenee.--It is pungent and bitter; promotes digestion; -increases appetite; improves the taste; cures affections of wind, -phlegm, paralysis of the tongue, and clears the voice. "Cubebs, -Piper Cubeba, Murr." Excellent in gonorrhoea virulenta. - -698 Kapoor Kutcherie.--A name for Saaltie. - -699 Kapoorie.--A name for Ispurka. - -700 Kuthael.--"Artocarpus Integrifolia (Roxb.)" A fruit of India, -very common, of a green color like Shukena, from half a yard to a -yard in length, and about half a yard in thickness. On opening it is -found a pulp of a saffron color, of a mucilaginous nature, inclining -to gummy. The tree is like that of the walnut, but I suspect the -Kuthael is much the largest and the leaves much less. The smell of the -flower is sweet. The fruit is taken from the tree before it is ripe, -covered with lime and thus brought to maturity. It cures disorders of -bile and wind, strengthens the system, and is aphrodisiac; it cures -eruptions from diffused bile, and is slow of digestion; it induces -costiveness, is useful in disorders of the chest, increases semen and -allays thirst. Its seeds are astringent and sweet, and increase wind, -they are hurtful if ate on an empty stomach. Its corrector is its -seed. Some have said, that the fruit when allowed to ripen on the -tree is the best, and that the forced kind is cool. - -701 Kootki.--A small root, "Justicia Ganderussa," brought from the -hills; it is of a grey colour and full of knots; bitter to the taste, -during digestion; pungent, cool, and drying. It is light and aperient; -cures bilious, mucous, and feverish disorders, difficulty of breathing, -heart-burn, and heat of body. It is also vermifuge; the dose 4 direms. - -702 Kutara.--A kind of sugar-cane; it is thin, cool, and heavy; -cures diffusion of bile and Rajiroge. The leaves of one kind are -like needles, another much larger, a third of a middling size: -all are astringent, and after meals produce heart-burn, and wind; -they cure disorders of mucus and bile, but cause heat in the chest -and flatulence. Its correction is being boiled in water, or roasted -in hot ashes. When washed in water it becomes less flatulent, and -cures disordered secretions, increases the bulk of the solids, and -is diuretic. - -703 Kuteera.--"Echinops echinatus, (Roxb.)" The globe-thistle, -or Kuragond. Cool; increases consistence of semen; beneficial in -gonorrhoea; lessens aphrodisia. If two mashas be infused in water for -a night, well mixed and taken with sherbet of Unjewar, or by itself, -it will be found effectual in vomiting of blood, in gonorrhoea, -and itchiness of the urinary bladder. - -704 Kutai.--The white kind; it is a species of the small Kutai; the -flower of the large kind is red. The small is bitter and pungent; -hot and useful in wind, bile and disorders of the liver, difficulty -of voiding urine, in torpor of the olfactory nerves; is vermifuge, -and cures affections of the heart. The large kind is called Beretta, -already noticed, also called Kuntai. - -705 Kutoonbur.--"Cucumis Madraspatanas." A kind of Kutchim (species -of melon); sweet and hot, vide Baluka. - -706 Kutputrie.--Hot and astringent; useful in disorders of the -organs of generation of the female; its fruit cool and aphrodisiac, -and produces a discharge of wind. - -707 Kuth.--"Catechu, Terra Japonica, Acacia Catechu?" - -708 Kutchnar.--"Bauhinia variegata." One kind of which is called -Gobdar; the leaves of the Kutchnar are green and variegated with veins, -and they resemble the junction of two leaves, indeed a separation does -sometimes exist. The tree resembles the mulberry, and is even larger, -but considerably so in diameter; both kinds are cool, astringent; -produce costiveness; cure disorders of mucus and bile; are vermifuge; -destroy worms in the rectum; useful in the virulent ulcer called -Kunzeer, also in all eruptions and boils. Its flower is cool, dry, -light, and astringent; cures disorders of bile, and corrects an excess -in the menstrual discharge; beneficial in piles, wounds, ulcers, -and cough. The tree is called by the above name, but it is usually -given to the flower only. I have found it beneficial to the stomach, in -removing laxativeness of the bowels, and in bleeding piles. A decoction -of its bark forms an excellent gargle in ptyalism from mercury or bela. - -709 Kutchaloo.--"Arum Colocasia." An esculent root, vide Aroie. - -710 Gudjpepullie.--Also Gudjpeepul; a round fruit, 4 times as large -as that of the peepul, and very much resembles it; it is bitter, -hot; increases appetite; induces costiveness; cures Juzam, difficulty -of breathing, affections of the throat, is vermifuge, and useful in -disorders of wind and mucus. - -711 Kutchua.--"P. Sungpoosht or Bah·. A. Silhafat." "The Turtle." Its -meat is moist and aphrodisiac, and is useful in disorders of wind. It -is related, that in cases of great difficulty of respiration from -affections of the lungs or bronchiÊ, much benefit has been derived -from inhaling the breath of the turtle. Its eggs, mixed with water -and applied hot to the scrotum, removes disorders, to which it may -be subjected. - -712 Coochilla.--Vide Kagphill. - -713 Kutcherie.--(Cucumis Madraspatanas;) sweet, hot, light, and -soft; creates appetite; increases bile. It is called Dustumboieya, -vide Phoot. There is another fruit which bears this name, it is a -creeper, found in fields, like the Kunoorie fruit; it is pungent, -bitter; assists digestion, and increases appetite. In my opinion, -it is hot; it is eaten cut in half, and fried with salt and oil, -and greatly relished. It is thus also rendered more active in its -properties. It is used both ripe and unripe; when used with meat, -the later is easily rendered tender. It forms an ingredient in all -stomachic powders in India. - -714 Kutchoor.--"Curcuma Zerumbet, (Roxb.)" Of three kinds: large, male, -and female. The large kind is also called Nerkuchoor, and the simple -word Kutchoor is generally applied to the female; the third kind is -called Kaphoor Kutcherie. The Nerkutchoor is also called Zerambeed. The -three kinds possess nearly the same properties. It is hot, light; -creates appetite; cures Juzam, piles, boils, wounds, difficulty of -breathing, Badgola, disorders of wind, and mucus, and is vermifuge. - -715 Kudum.--"Nauclea Orientalis, or Kudum, and another kind called -Mohoonut; also one kind named Dhoul Kudum, and Bhoom Kudum." The -leaves and flower resemble the walnut tree; all kinds are cool, -and are useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood. - -716 Gudha.--Its flesh is sweet, during digestion bitter. It is light, -strengthens the system, and increases bile and mucus. - -717 Gudloon.--Hot, light; cures disorders of wind and mucus. Is -aperient and diuretic. - -718 Goodhul Citron.--Has a flower like the poppy, and many leaves; -its leaves are like the mulberry, and it flowers every alternate -year. Its fruit is like the apple; when unripe, green, and acid, with -a little bitterness; but when fully ripe, and it has become yellow, -the bitterness does not remain; it also becomes red and sweet, but -if it remain long on the tree it again assumes a greenish hue. The -tree is like the lime tree with broad leaves. The people of India -have an idea, that if the flowers be kept in the house they produce -quarrelling and strife; the flowers are used in lowness of spirits -arising from heat. It is said, that the root of this and also that of -the Kunaer are very intoxicating. If boiled in milk, and this curdled, -it is aphrodisiac. - -719 Kurna.--The flower of the above; it has four leaves, and is white -before it opens; it is shaped like an arrow-head; it has a sweet -perfume, and as such is used; a distilled water is also made from -it and an essential oil. The water is called Arukbahar, and is hot -and dry, and used in weakness of the brain; also as an aphrodisiac; -creating appetite and elevating the spirits; also in pains of the -chest, in cholics from wind, and delirium. - -A little of it commenced with and constantly used for seven days, -with a little sugar, is beneficial in affections of the spleen; -it is used in Aniseed water as a lithontriptic; in an empty stomach -for the bleeding piles. It is used with musk, &c. to perfume hooka -snakes. The author of the Topha says, that this is the bud of the -Naringi, and that the distilled water of that is called Arukbahar; -but in my opinion they are distinct varieties, and in this part of -the country they distil from all. Goodhul is the name of the tree, -Kuth that of the fruit, and Kurna that of the flower. - -720 Karownda.--Also Kirmidie, and a kind of this Khristnphill; the -first kind is red and white, second is white and black, and the third -entirely black, therefore called Kristnphil, from being of the color -of the god Kristna. Its flower is like the Jui; when unripe it is hot, -heavy, and acid; produces mucus and diffusion of bile: when ripe it -is sweet and less acid, light; creates appetite, and cures disorders -of wind and bile. "Carissa Carandas." - -721 Kareyl.--"Capparis, the Caper plant," or Kareyr. A tree without -leaves, its branches rise from the root, and are very numerous. It -grows about the height of the Baer. It has numerous flowers, small and -three-leaved. Its flowers are boiled and eaten; its fruit made into -pickles in salt-water and oil; its fruit is at first green, then it -becomes red, and lastly black; they are about the size of the Karownda; -they are bitter, pungent, hot, aperient; useful in mucous disorders, -wind, boils, eruptions, swellings, as an antidote to poisons, and in -piles. Its flowers are beneficial in disorders of mucus and bile. My -father always recommended them in disorders arising from cold. In -consequence of their heating quality, they are useful in affections -of the joints. P. Amghyllyan. - -722 Karunj.--From the "Moojerrabad Akberi." The name of a large -tree, the leaves like the lime tree, the fruit like the tamarind, -but smaller; it is hot, and discusses swellings and all pains arising -from cold; useful in lumbago, in strokes of the wind, and it is used -as a fomentation in the above disorders. - -723 Gurehri.--A fruit of India, produced in the hot season; it is -a nut of a black color, and shining appearance, about the length -of the Jamalgota, but a little thinner; the kernel is white, and is -ate with salt and peepul, and much esteemed. It induces costiveness, -is aphrodisiac, and thickens semen. - -724 Krishndaan.--A kind of rice; in its properties and excellence -like the Saatie. - -725 Kurwanuk.--The name of a common bird; its meat is sweet and -pleasant to the taste. It frequents the banks of rivers and jungles, -but the river kind is nearly twice the size of the other. - -726 Geerguth.--(Chameleon.) A. Heerbah, Un. Kalamunder, -P. Aftabperust. It resembles the lizard in its appearance. It has a -long tail, and frequently changes its color. - -727 Kurkura.--(Ardea Virgo.) A species of paddy-bird, called also -Kurkhuraa; its flesh increases corpulency; is aphrodisiac, and -strengthens the system. - -728 Kurinjua or Korinjeka, or Kurinjee. "Guilandina Bonduccella, -Linn. CÊsalpinia Bonduccella. Roxb. Kutkuleja, H. An excellent tonic, -and infallible in the cure of intermittents, when combined with a -decoction of Chereyta. Dose one seed, mixed with pepper, which may be -repeated every three hours." A seed, or rather nut, hard and shining; -it is of a blue or greenish color; light, round, and thick, like the -Majoo; when shaken near the ear the kernel is found loose, and when -broken, this is found whitish, like the Mukhana. Its shrub grows to -the height of a man, more or less, "but if supported, will run much -higher. It is covered with very sharp prickles, and makes the best -fence in the world perhaps." It is hot; cures piles; is vermifuge, -useful in Juzam, and its leaves are beneficial in disorders of wind, -mucus, and blood. A. Ektumkut. P. Khayeblees. Leaves used as a -fomentation in rheumatic pains. - -729 Kurwara or Kurwala. A name for Amultas; -P. Phuloos. A. Khiarshimber. Discutient, aperient, and laxative. See -Yunani works. - -730 Korund.--A name for Sunadudje. - -731 Goor.--It is sweet to the taste and a little pungent; light, -aperient; creates appetite; increases bile and swellings of the body; -produces worms and cures disorders of wind; strengthens the system; -is diuretic and cardiac. P. Kund Sia. - -732 Kurr.--"Carthamus Tinctoria." A name of Masphir or -Kussumb. P. Kussukdana. A. Koortub. It is of a white color like -peas, and a little pointed; it is very common; removes phlegm, and -is aperient. - -733 Karela.--"Momordica Charantia." A common culinary fruit, of a -green or yellowish color, and encloses numerous seeds. It is about -two or three inches long, and very irregular in the surface. It is -in its properties cool and light; some say hot and heavy, and some -call it equal. It is pungent and laxative; beneficial in piles, -eruptions of the mouth, disorders of the blood, jaundice, panroque, -phlegm, seminal weakness, and it is vermifuge. Its name is said to -be Kassaul hemar. In my opinion it is very drying, by reason of its -heating quality: when dressed with onions, it is less heavy as food. It -has the effect of strengthening the stomach weakened from cold. Its -root taken, commencing with one masha and increasing to seven, will -cure the venereal disease. The wild kind is named Kaarbellie. It is -cool, bitter, light, and aperient; cures disorders of bile, blood, -phlegm, black bile, jaundice, wind, marasmus, seminal weakness, -and worms. Another kind of this produced in gardens is of a white -color, and more long than the other; its coat is thin, and it is -the best of all the varieties: there are many ways of dressing it, -but with onions it is the best and most aphrodisiac; without onions, -its effects are not so powerful, and it is less heating. - -734 Kirkund.--The small Baer, called also Nazookbadun; it is moist -and heavy; sweet, and cures disorders of bile and wind. It is also -called Jhirberrie. There is a smaller kind, that is more sweet, -and grows in gardens. - -735 Kora.--A name for the Inderjow tree; it is very bitter and -astringent; cool and dry; creates appetite; cures bilious disorders and -foulness of blood, also disorders of mucus; and removes obstructions -in the pylorus from viscid mucus; useful in indigestion and Juzam; -restrains hemorrhage from piles and diarrhoea. - -736 Kurni.--"Mimusops Kauki." A fruit of the hills; pungently -bitter and hot; cures disorders of bile and mucus, flatulence, and -is vermifuge. - -737 Kurrukphill.--A name for Bahira. - -738 Krishn Moolie.--A black kind called Kalesur; it derives its name -from being a root of the color of Krishna. - -739 Krishn Saarba.--A black kind of Saarba. - -740 Kussowndie or Kussownda. The name of a tree of India; its branches -commence from near the root and surround the stem, growing out from all -sides of it. It grows about the thickness of a bambu, and in height -that of a man. The leaves if rubbed have a disagreeable smell. Its -seed-vessel is about a yard long, or even longer; it encloses small -round seeds like Sumach, a little crooked. Its leaves are thick like -Kumerach, but the latter are broad, whereas this is longer. The large -kind is called Kussownda, the smaller Kussowndie; the leaves of both -are nearly alike. It is hot, moist, and some say equal. It relieves the -brain, and if the seed is washed and eaten, it will cure the effects -of the scorpion's poison; and if the seed and leaves be ground in a -mill, made into bread with flour, and eaten with sweet oil, it will -cure night blindness; should any one have swallowed tiger's hair, -pills made of the leaves, flower, and seed swallowed and vomiting -produced, the hair will be discharged. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Kussowndie is a medicine of India, hot and dry; cures wind and loosens -phlegm; useful in cough and disorders of the blood. 1 1/2 direms -of its root with half direm of peepul eaten, will cure the poison of -snakes or scorpions, or if rubbed on the bitten or stung part will give -relief. It clears the voice, and if five direms of its leaves with one -direm of peepul be bruised in water, and taken for seven days, during -which period food without salt is eaten, it will cure Lues Venerea. - -741 Kusseroo or Kusseruk. "Cyperus Tuberosus." The root of a grass, -black and full of hair, like bristles, found in the cold season. It -is cool, sweet, heavy; used in disorders of bile, blood, and general -heat; it induces costiveness, increases semen, phlegm, and wind, and -allays thirst. If eaten with its outer rind, or only chewed, and the -juice swallowed, it will be less heavy and hurtful; some bruise it -and drink sherbet thus made with sugar, and it is thus more cooling -and useful in cases of gonorrhoea, and the effects of hot winds, -but in this case the outer rind must be removed. - -742 Kustooryea Mirg.--Its meat is sweet to the taste, light and -flatulent, creating appetite; that of the female is cool: useful in -fever, cough, disorders of blood, and difficulty of breathing. It -is said to be common in Thibet and Bengal. It resembles the deer, -and has two ridges on its back lengthways. Musk is procured from -its abdomen in this manner: When it is ripe, it produces itching -about the navel, and the animal rubbing it on sharp pointed stones, -causes it to discharge in the form of matter. This is the finest and -best kind of musk, and the gentleman, with whom I was, received some -of it every two years, from the Rajah of Shirinaghur. - -743 Kussoombh.--A. Masphir. "Artemisia Abrotanum." It is sweet, and -very hot, and dry; light, and increases bile; cures disorders of blood, -mucus, and suppression of urine. - -744 Kustoorie.--Bitter, hot, heavy, aphrodisiac; useful in colds, -disorders of phlegm and wind; allays vomiting; removes swellings; -corrects offensive breath and loss of smell. One kind of it is called -Lutta Kustoorie, vide L. - -745 Kussees.--"Sulphas Ferri." A kind of Zaaj; astringent, cool; -increases eye-sight, and clears the skin; vermifuge and an antidote -to poisons; also a kind called Heera Roopus. - -746 Kukrownela.--The Kurrownda. - -747 Kukora.--The fruit of a shrub of India, smaller than the Kurela; -it has many hair-like fibres of a green colour over its surface, and -it has numerous seeds. Its properties are the same as the Kurela. It -is useful in that eruption which takes place on the face in puberty; -beneficial in fever and phlegm, and creates appetite. One kind of -it is called Banje Kakora. It is bitter, an antidote to poisons; -useful in that eruption of the face called acne punctata. Its root -is used in Zaerbad, in discussing swellings, and in the bites of all -noxious reptiles, and it is also of benefit in cough. Some have said, -that this is the wild Kurela, but this is not the fact, for the wild -Kurela is essentially different and more resembles the garden sort. - -748 Kookra.--"Wild fowl." P. Deek. It is hot, moist, heavy, -aphrodisiac; used in disorders of wind; is tonic; produces semen and -increases mucus. Its flesh is astringent to the taste; dry and heavy; -and those found near rivers are hot and aphrodisiac, and increase -mucus. - -749 Kookrie.--The female of the above. A. Dejaje: the properties -the same. - -750 Kukrie.--"Cucumis Utilissimus." Unripe, it is sweet and cool, -heavy, cardiac, and astringent. In my opinion it is aperient, creates -appetite, and removes bilious disorders. - -751 Gugundool.--The best kind of this is the Kumbi; it is eaten wasted -in ghee, with salt and condiments. - -752 Googeerun or Gugeeroo. A plant from 1 to 1 1/2 yards high; the -branches very thin, the leaves like the Nirkut; it is purgative, and -when ripe, it is heavy; recommended in wind, blood, and affections -of mouth. - -753 Kukrownda.--The common Kurrownda. The plant is half a yard or -more in height, its leaves like the tobacco; but smaller. It has an -offensive smell, much increased by being rubbed betwixt the finger; -it grows near ruins or in waste places, and is found in the rains. It -is a kind of Bhangra, and has the name of Kokurbangra; it is bitter, -pungent; useful in fevers and disorders of the blood and mucus. If -bruised in water, and the water given as a clyster to children, it -will remove ascarides, and if three drops be dropped into each ear, -it will cure intermittents. It is very beneficial in bleeding piles, -both internally and externally. If one direm of the leaves be taken -in water, and the bruised leaves applied to the piles, it will effect -a cure. - -754 Gillo.--"Menispermum Glabrum," (vide Goorcha,) or Vaoutvellee or -Imrutlutta, or Jurnasnie, (a febrifuge,) or Goorajie, or Goondunie. It -is bitter, astringent, and sweet, and in digestion hot, light; inducing -costiveness; tonic; increases appetite; beneficial in jaundice and -Juzam; also in acne, cracks in the skin, nausea, fevers, and bilious -disorders. It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulÊ. It has -been said to be cold. In my opinion it is either, according as it is -prescribed with other medicines. I have given it in continued fever, -in the quantity of one direm, cut small and infused in water for -a night, with great success. The Hindoos give a decoction of it in -fevers. I have given it in various ways in gonorrhoea, as a tonic, -an aphrodisiac, &c. Take of Bunslochun and Sut Gillo, each one masha, -mix and give in intermittents, or with cardamoms. My father used -it in pills made up with conserve of roses, with great efficacy, -in fevers of the continued kind; also with the whey of Kasni. Its -powder is likewise used with tin in gonorrhoea, but I have written -more of this in my other works. To make refined or Sut Gillo-- - -Take the Gillo, cut it in small pieces, and squeeze out the juice -into a vessel, then add plain water, and strongly mix them together, -let them remain thus for 24 hours, then throw away the clear water, -and dry the precipitate for use. - -755 Gulhar.--"Nymphea Nilambo, Linn. Nilumbium Speciosum, W." The -flower of the Kawul (Lotus). It is cool, dry, heavy, and astringent, -and shuts up the chest. The centre of the flower, or yellow -fructification, is called Kesur, or Kinjeluk; it is cool; induces -costiveness; useful in bleeding piles; also in disorders of bile and -mucus. Its seed is usually called Kawulgutta; they are produced in -the hot season; they are sweet, cool; beneficial in bilious disorders, -foulness of blood, general heat, and increase mucus and wind. I have -given them in the diarrhoea of infants, mixed with the water which -they drank, with great benefit. The green part of the seed bruised in -water, I have also given to children with great good effect in wind -and diarrhoea. It is likewise given in eruptions of the mouth. The -stem of the flower and root are cool and dry; aphrodisiac, astringent, -and cure disorders of bile, blood, and general heat. The flowers are -of two kinds: one opens to the sun, and accompanies him round as -he moves, and shuts its leaves when he disappears; this is white, -with a red tinge, six-leaved, the yellow centre fructification, in -the shape of an inverted cone. Its seed is sweet and cool; clears -the complexion; of use in disorders of mucus, bile, blood, thirst, -general heat, Juzam, and blisters. It is an antidote to poisons, -and beneficial in acne of all kinds. - -The other kind has four leaves, of a white color, opens to the moon, -and accompanies her, in progress, as the other does the sun; but does -not shut on her disappearance. The red and blue kinds, if they have -any degree of whiteness, are called Komode or Komoodutti; these names -are in allusion to their property of flowering by the moon's influence, -but they are more seldom met with. The blue is called also Neeloofir. - -756 Goolkhairoo.--The marsh-mallow, or rather the mallow. - -757 Kulumbuk.--A tree of a heavy texture, much veined; it is commonly -called Mulugeer, but this name is also applied to some kinds of lime. - -758 Kooleejan.--"Piper Betel." The best kind is red, thick, and -full of knots. It is hot and dry in the 2nd degree; it is cardiac; -cures cholicks, pains in the kidnies; increases the strength of the -digestive organs, useful in rheumatism of the joints, decreases the -flow of urine; beneficial in epilepsy, headache; is aphrodisiac; and -is proper for those having a superabundance of mucus. A little kept -in the mouth will cure paralysis of the tongue; it clears the voice, -and in the quantity of one direm with cow's milk taken, fasting, it -is highly tonic and aphrodisiac. Its corrector is any oily substance -or Kuteera (a gum). - -759 Koolunta.--A kind of Satawur. - -760 Keloondha.--A name for the fruit of the Mowa tree. - -761 Kulownjee.--A name for Siadana; expels wind and flatulence. - -762 Kumode or Komoodutti, a kind of Gulhar. "Rottlera tinctoria." - -763 Kumruk.--"Averrhoa Carambola," or Kumruka. A large tree, with many -pointed leaves, which when full grown are longer than the Singtirra -leaf, of a green color and soft texture. The fruit is common and -three-cornered; they are of an acid sweetness, and produced in the -cold season, and make delicious sherbet; cool, astringent; useful in -bile and wind, also in disorders of phlegm. From their acidity, the -fruit are injurious to the tongue. This may be corrected by eating -them with salt or lime. - -764 Gumbhar.--Sweet, hot, heavy, and produces wind; useful in disorders -of bile, blood, and pains in the bowels, and induces costiveness. Its -fruit is heavy and tonic; clears the hair of the head; increases -seminal secretion; cures disorders of bile, wind, hectic fever, thirst, -and foulness of the blood; is diuretic, and forms an ingredient in -all famous prescriptions: called also Gumbharie or Gumbheer. - -765 Kawul.--"NymphÊa Nelumbo." A name of Gulhar. - -766 Kawulguth.--The seed of the Gulhar. - -767 Kowla.--A kind of orange, less strong, and of weaker properties -than the Sangtirra; but in other respects the same; from its acid it -removes stagnation of bile, and is useful in cough and asthma. - -768 Goond.--"Jasminum grandiflorum?" The wild Raibile; the flower cool -and light; used in disorders of bile and mucus, and in head-aches; -an antidote to poisons, and communicates its perfume to any article -from which oil is to be extracted, and gives the oil the quality -of strengthening the brain, and of being useful in affections from -cold. In my opinion, the flower is hot, as is also oil impregnated -with its odour. If it is mixed or rubbed with oil, and used as an -unguent in itch, it is equally effectual as the Chumbeley. - -769 Gunyar.--A flower of India, possessing tonic properties; it -strengthens the stomach; used in the cure of Juzam, boils, eruptions, -disorders of the blood, swellings, and in cleansing ulcers. - -770 Kunkole.--A seed resembling Peepul, only a little larger; -it creates appetite; is hot; useful in affections of the heart, -affections of wind and mucus. - -771 Koontukphill.--A name for Lukudj, or Burhael; it is also called -Kuntukanta, from its being very prickly. - -772 Kundurdolie.--The name of a plant, cool, light and astringent; -useful in heat, feverishness, thirst, disorders of mucus, blood and -bile, Juzam, and fever. It also softens iron. - -773 Koondoorie.--A fruit like the Pulwull, of an oval shape. It is -acid, grows as a creeper, and used as a culinary vegetable; useful in -bilious disorders, foulness of blood, and general heat. Is emetic, -and reduces corpulency. Induces costiveness, flatulence, and wind; -also aphrodisiac. It is bitter, pungent; removes phlegm, and is an -antidote to poisons. In my opinion, it is cool and moist, aperient; -weakens the stomach, promotes absorption by increasing the tone of -the absorbents, and expedites digestion. - -774 Kungni.--P. Kawurs, Sheerazee Kaal. Cool and bitter, dry and -astringent, yet diuretic; but if boiled in milk, its drying quality -will be corrected. It is very generally used as food. It increases -the viscidity of mucus, and promotes a disposition to gravel. Its -corrector is sugar. It is hurtful to the lungs; but here its corrector -is Mustaghi. In its general properties, it comes near the Cheena; -externally applied hot, it removes rheumatic pains. "Panicum Italicum." - -775 Gundheel.--A. Azkhir, and some kinds called Mirchiakund. This -is a common plant, about a yard high; its flowers sweet-scented: -the properties of all are, I fancy, the same. It is astringent to -the taste, and bitter during digestion; hot, useful in affections of -the throat and heart, disorders of bile, blood, mucus, difficulty of -breathing, cough, and fever. - -776 Goondur.--A kind of Loonia, q. v. - -777 Kunaer or Kurneer. It is of two kinds, the white called Kurbaer, -and the red Ruketphup. The plant grows to the height of a man; -its branches numerous, and growing from near the root; its leaves -long as the bambu leaf and thicker, green and finely veined. It -is hot and light; decreases eye-sight, useful in Juzam, boils and -eruptions, acne, itch; is vermifuge, and may be ranked among the -poisons. Its flowers kept in the house produce strife. The root and -its bark is used as an application in cures of deficient aphrodisiac -power. A. Dufflie. "Nerium Odorum." - -778 Koonja.--Vide Goonchee. - -779 Kumbeela.--Bitter, laxative, and hot; used in disorders of mucus, -bile, and blood; is lithontriptic and vermifuge; cures Badgola, dropsy, -and boils; its green leaves are cool and astringent to the stomach; -it is called also Kumbeel. - -780 Gunduk.--"Live Sulphur." In digestion it is bitter and hot, -also soft; beneficial in Juzam, affections of the spleen, disorders -of mucus and wind, and increases bile. It is an ingredient in many -favorite prescriptions. A. Ribreet. Its aruk is excellent as an -application in itch, and as a tonic is pungently acid and hurtful -to the teeth; indeed so very acid is it, that it dissolves shells, -and is called Tezab; but though acid, it is aphrodisiac. - - -To make Tezab (Sulphuric Acid). - -Take a China cup, and make in it three holes, to suspend it (by a wire -of zinc); place a lamp on a low triangle (tripod), and fill the lamp -with sulphur; and making several wicks, mix them with the sulphur, -and set fire to them; place the China cup under the tripod, and the -aruk will come over into it by drops. Care must be taken to admit no -wind; when this is lighted the smoke destroys cloth. I have written -of the properties of this more at large in my other works. - - -The properties of Sulphuric Acid. - -It is hot, creates appetite, expels wind, strengthens the stomach, -loins, and back. It is aphrodisiac, useful in disorders of mucus -and blood, in paralysis, convulsions, and pains in the stomach, and -discusses enlargement of the spleen, if taken to the quantity of from -one to four soorkhs in water. It will cure tooth-ache if applied to the -hollow of the tooth, but care must be taken that it does not come in -contact with a sound tooth. It cures all kinds of Psora, whether dry -or moist, applied by itself or in ointment. Taken internally with oil -of roses, it loosens phlegm; applied to the white spots of leprosy, -it will remove them. If nutmegs, cinnamon, and cloves be moistened -with it, and dried, they will become powerful condiments. - -781 Kunoocha.--A name for Mirve. - -782 Gundhur.--A name for culinary greens--see Chowlai. - -783 Gundhka.--A title of Mudukpurnie; it derives its name from the -property of preserving the hair. - -784 Kunghi.--"Malva Sylvestris.--(The Mallow) vide Goolkhairoo. The -mallow, emollient and demulcent, AlthÊa officinalis." The name of -a flower-stem of India, about a man's height, more or less. Its -leaves are round, smooth, serrated, and pointed. It is of two kinds, -a small and larger, the leaves large and small accordingly. It has -a small yellow flower; inside the seed vessel are many divisions, -in which the seeds are contained. It is very useful in piles. - -A man had the bleeding piles to an annoying degree of severity. A -physician advised him to eat some of the leaves of this, bruised, -and made up with pepper into pills; he made up large pills or balls, -and eat them as directed, and was cured in a few days. If the fresh -leaves are used, they should be mixed with water and drank; if the -dried leaves are preferred, they should be made into pills. It is -mucilaginous and demulcent. - -785 Gooroochna.--or Gooroochun. A stone, of a yellow color, on -which grass or moss grows; it is astringent and cool, beneficial in -possession, and whoever keeps it by them, will escape the influence of -all evils; it is useful in disorders of blood, and prevents abortion -by its tonic property in giving strength to the uterus. It is the -name for Huzerool bukur. - -786 Goorcha.--"Menispermum cordifolium, W. Guduchi, S. Citamerdu, -Van Rheede, H. M. vii. 39. Menispermum Verrucosum, Roxb. MS. Putra -Waly. Jao. Funis Felleus, Rumph. Amb. v. 82. Sp. ch. perennial, -scandent, verrucose, leaves cordate, acuminate, entire, smooth, male -racemes from the naked branches simple, nectareal scales inserted -in the filaments. Every part of this plant exceedingly bitter; -used for the cure of intermittents; it is said by Captain Wright, -to be as powerful a febrifuge as the Peruvian Bark. V. Gillo." - -787 Gowrdun.--A name for Koocha, called also Sutpootrie. It is the name -of the Kooza flower, red with a yellow fructification in the centre. It -has a fine perfume, and a distilled water is made from it; it is -a cinquefoil. One kind of it is the Goolseutie, P. Aussureen. This -is white, but a third kind is also red. All three are cool, light, -and aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of the three secretions and of -blood. It is cardiac, astringent, and improves the complexion. I have -found the white the most effectual, and have often used its conserve -and distilled water in lowness of spirits. - -788 Gomenduk.--A common stone, resembling in its properties the -Chanderkanth. - -789 Gooma.--A medicine of India; sweet, pungent, hot, dry, heavy, -aperient; used in disorders of wind, bile, mucus; in jaundice and in -swellings, and is vermifuge. All this the author of the Dhara Shekoi -has related. The common Gooma is different. - -790 Goww.--A tree common in Cashmere, of a hot quality; used in -seminal weakness, inflammatory disorders of the nose, effects of -poison, disorders of mucus, and Juzam. It is vermifuge; its fruit -increases phlegm, and its gum is heavy, aphrodisiac; beneficial in -disorders of wind. - -791 Kobhee.--"Hieracum, Bruce MS." This is of three kinds, one of -which is used as food for the parroquet. Its leaf is like that of the -radish when in an imperfect state. It is cool, light, and astringent; -used in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood; in seminal weakness, -cough, boils, eruptions, and fever, and produces wind. - -792 Gowrbaghan.--Cool; useful in general heat and disorders of blood. - -793 Godoon.--A common grain used by villagers; tonic. - -794 Gowruk.--A kind of Lawa. - -795 Koonj.--A name for Kulungh. Its meat cures disorders of wind -and mucus. - -796 Koonch.--A medicine of Hindostan. If its seed-vessel be applied -to the skin, it produces great itching; if it is washed in cow-dung -and water, this effect will be removed. Its seed is like the bean, -smooth, and of a purple color; it is hard, and if the end is cut off, -and it be applied to the part stung by a scorpion, it will remove -the pain, and cannot be removed till the poison is extracted; and -when this is accomplished, it falls off itself, and will be found -from its power of suction to have become much larger. It is sweet, -increases semen, lengthens aphrodisia, and is useful in diffusion of -bile in the blood. It is beneficial in old ulcers, and is a favorite -ingredient in aphrodisiac formulÊ. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Kooch is a medicine of India; its seed cold and hot in equilibrium; -drying, aphrodisiac; strengthens the loins, useful in piles and cough, -and increases the consistence of semen. If half a direm of the leaves -be bruised with seven of the long fruit of the peepul in water, and -given to drink, it will be found powerfully vermifuge. It also clears -the intestines of all noxious matter. If 10 direms be bruised in 50 -direms of water, and drank for seven days, it will cure Lues Venerea. - -The succedaneum is Aotungun. The dose two direms of the seed. It is -also called Kooncha, vide Kewanch. - -797 Kowrie.--"CyprÊa Monita." P. Khirmora. It is sweet and pungent, -cool and flatulent; used in bile and heat; beneficial in affections -of the eyes and in blisters. If burnt and introduced into the ear, -I have found it of use in diseases of that organ. It is excellent -for cleansing and drying venereal sores. - -798 Kawaal.--(The Hog.) Its meat is heating, moist, light, and -increases semen to a great degree; induces corpulence, creates -appetite, and is tonic. Its fat is very aphrodisiac as an external -application; it is also useful as an application to the eyes, as a -stomachic, preserving health, and producing aphrodisia. Is tonic; -useful in sprains and disorders of the three secretions. P. Khunzeer. - -799 Kowa.--The Crow. P. Zaagh or Kolagh. A. Ghorab. Its properties -are mentioned in Yunani works in India; it is also called Koral. - -800 Kokla.--"Indian Cuckoo." A black bird, which in the commencement -of the hot weather has a fine and strong note; its flesh creates -appetite, induces costiveness, and is useful in disorders of wind -and mucus. - -801 Goh.--The Guana. Its flesh is tonic, aphrodisiac, stomachic, -and used in disorders of bile and wind. A. Zubbub. P. Soosmar. - -802 Kowadoorie.--A. Hubbunneel. - -803 Gokhroo also Kunthphill; cures difficulty of breathing, cough, -and suppression of urine. Is lithontriptic; useful in affections of -the heart and wind. - -A. Khussuk. It is of two kinds, a cultivated and wild. Its plant -is like the melon; its branches spreading widely on the ground. Its -fruit is hard and triangular, with prickles on its angles; thus it is -called Gokhroo. P. Kharkhusuk. There is a larger kind called Gokhroo -Dekanee. In the Dhunterri, it is said to be beneficial in the three -secretions, to create appetite, beneficial in dysentery and pains of -the bowels, to increase semen, induce corpulency, to be cool, sweet, -and aphrodisiac, tonic, useful in seminal weakness, gonorrhoea, -and pains in the urinary bladder. "Tribulus Lanuginosus." - -804 Gowdunta.--A kind of arsenic, of a light red color. - -805 Gota.--Sweet, bitter, pungent, hot, light, and aphrodisiac; useful -in Soorkhbad, acne, cough, Juzam, and disorders of wind and bile. - -806 Kookurchundie.--Obtains the name from its being an emetic to dogs. - -807 Kookurbangra.--A name for Kukrownda. - -808 Goondroo or Goonderuk. A name for Koondur, a gum resembling -Mastich, but more red; it cures disorders of wind, mucus, and fever; -restrains perspiration; is aphrodisiac; strengthens memory; gives -tone to the stomach, urinary bladder, brain. - -809 Googul.--Amygris Agalocha (Roxb.) sweet and bitter, hot and -aperient; increases appetite; increases the bulk of the solids, and -is aphrodisiac; reunites fractured bones, discusses indurations; -used in disorders of wind, mucus, blood, boils, eruptions, -ill-conditioned ulcers, seminal weakness, Juzam, Soorkhbad, debility, -emaciation, sweating sickness, acne, and swellings. The older -it is the more effectual. It forms an ingredient in all favorite -formulÊ. A. Mukul. One kind is called Bhainsia Googul. - -810 Goondinie.--A common fruit of Hindostan, of a red color, and fine -coat, about the size of the Khalsa, or larger, and more oval. It is -aperient, suppurant, and vermifuge. It is sweet and cool; of use in -cough and flatulence, but if taken in quantity, produces nausea. - -811 Gooha.--A name for Perestpirnie; also the name of an insect like -the cricket, but larger; it makes much noise in the rains. - -812 Goolur.--"Ficus Glomerata." A common fruit; when young, it is -green, but when ripe, it becomes red, and in this state it is filled -with small insects; it is said that if eaten without being opened, -it will be found beneficial for the eyes. It is called cool and dry; -some say hot and moist: but in my opinion it is cool and moist, -and decreases bile. My father prescribed it in its unripe state in -laxities of the bowels, and also in bleeding piles. The physicians of -India have described it as astringent; it is slow of digestion. The -bark of the tree is useful in ulcers, and as an external application -in severe bruises. Water drank after its use, produces pain in -the bowels. The Goolur eat with barley-meal or sugar, is useful in -giddiness and heat in the liver. Its milk applied to boils, hasten -suppuration or resolution. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Goolur is cool and moist; useful in bilious complaints, heat, thirst, -and running at the nose from heat. The decoction of the bark removes -poison from wounds inflicted by the claws of the tiger, cat, or other -animal. The root bruised in water is useful in dysentery, in a dose -of two direms. - -813 Goonma.--"Pharnaceum mollugo." The plant grows in waste and wild -places, and is very common. It is about a yard high, and grows in the -rains; it is many-flowered; and when young they are of a red color, -but become grey when dry, and full of small holes; they are round -and curled. - -814 Koonda.--Koonda, called also Pita. A. Midjdubeh, and in -P. Puzdubeh. It is a creeper; its leaves like the Gourd leaf, or -larger; its fruit twice as large as a melon. When unripe, it is -cooling, and useful in bilious disorders and wind; it increases -mucus. When ripe, it is sweet and pungent; it is equal in its -properties; light; creates appetite; assists digestion; useful in -disorders of the stomach and of the three secretions. The fibres of -its root, its leaves, and branches, are sweet; beneficial in disorders -of wind and mucus; are lithontriptic: the soft part of the fruit is -sweet, removes gravel and other disorders of the urinary bladder; -cures bilious disorders, and is aphrodisiac. The particular mode -of administering it, I have described in my other works. It is -very useful as an aphrodisiac, and for increasing the bulk of the -solids. Cucurbita Pepo. - -Its sherbet is useful in all the disorders above mentioned, also in -depression of spirits from heat, in mania or disordered imagination; -increases appetite and evacuates bile. - - -The sherbet is thus prepared: - -A piece is cut off from the end of the fruit, and the inside scooped -out till the hand can be admitted; this is to be filled with fine -sugar, taking care to preserve all the juice. The divided piece is -then to be re-applied, the division secured with moistened flour; -it is then placed in the sun, during the hot season, for four days, -or in the cold weather for a week. It by this process becomes acid -like oxymel; the juice is then taken out, strained, and seasoned -with cardamums, saffron, musk, and cloves, or other articles as may -be deemed proper, and preserved in bottles for use; the dose is four -tolahs, but it will not keep good beyond a week. - -815 Khaer.--Vide Kut. "Acacia Catechu, Mimosa Catechu. Chadira, S." A -tree of the jungles, from which Catechu is produced. It is called -also Cudder. "One of the best applications in ulcers I ever tried, is -composed of Catechu, Camphor, and white lead, in equal parts."--Trans. - -816 Geerehti.--A plant, about a yard high, or less; the largest kind -is named Geerehta, also Mahabela. Its leaves are larger, as well -as the tree, than the Geerehtee; but the latter is to be preferred -as a medicine. It is sweet, cool, moist, and astringent, useful in -Soorkhbad, disorders of bile, affections of the uterus, and clears -the complexion. - -817 Kherie.--An earth of a white color used in cleaning houses; -one kind of it is called Goorboghan. - -818 Kyrnie.--One kind of it is named Chupuk. It is the fruit of a -very large tree, of a yellow color, about the size of a date, but -thicker; both kinds are cool and moist, heavy and tonic; useful in -thirst, delirium, heaviness of the head, and disorders of all the -secretions. If the kernel is bruised in water and applied to the -eyes, it will remove opacities of the cornea--this I know from my -grand-father's experience. - -In my opinion, it is cardiac and stomachic, and gently astringent; -when ripe it is very generally useful. Some have called it hot in the -second and dry in the first degree. If eaten when unripe, there is fear -of its producing cholic. Its corrector is dhaie. The kernel is bitter. - -819 Koontanduk.--A kind of Rice, like the Saatee in its properties. - -820 Ghora.--P. Asp. The horse; its meat is sweet to the taste, but -bitter in digestion. It is light, creates appetite, increases bile and -mucus, beneficial in disorders of wind, and increases aphrodisia. It -is generally tonic, and strengthens the eyes. I have often eat of it, -and believe it to be hot and tonic, but it is hurtful to those of hot -temperament. In some countries, it is used as food, and it was so used -by Vizier Nawab Kumruddin Khan. I have remarked, that when used in -this country as food by the natives of other countries, it produces -a fermentation in the blood, and consequent eruptions in the mouth -and tongue. Its properties are particularly noticed in Yunani works, -and I have conversed with many who considered the milk of the mare -excellent as a stomachic and aphrodisiac. - -821 Khutmul.--P. Saas. A. Fusafush. It is bred in beds or other -furniture. Its smell is very useful in epilepsy; bruised in water -and used as an injection into the urethra, it will be found useful -in suppression of urine. - -822 Kujoor.--Phoenix dactylifera or Phoenix Silvestris or -Khurjoor. A. Kittub. It has many fruits, even to the number of many -hundreds: in its properties it is very similar to the Pind-Kajoor. - -823 Khaperia.--A. Tooti. P. Sungbusseri. It is useful in affections of -the eyes and eye sight. Its powder beneficial for cleaning and healing -ulcers. Its ointment I have noticed in my other publications. I have -known a person who used it commonly as a tonic to the stomach, and for -correcting laxities of the bowels. It is also used in Indian Recipes, -but I have never seen that any physician of celebrity recommended -its use. - -824 Keera or Kheera. One kind of this is bitter, but both are -cool and dry, diuretic, and aperient; useful in disorders of bile, -lithontriptic, and beneficial in suppression of urine. The ripe fruit -is sweet and little astringent. The Balum-kheera is a kind of this, -but of less efficacy. The large kind, from its efficacy and scarcity, -was usually sent to the emperor by the Marwar Rajah. It is highly -spoken of for the cure of Remittent Fever. - -825 Khand.--Heavy, creating appetite, tonic, aperient; useful in -thirst, general heat, delirium, disorders of bile and wind; but if -eaten to excess it produces bile. - -826 Khylakhylie.--A name for Silleekha. Its rind is hard and thick, -and of a round shape; it is of a reddish clay color. It is the bark -of a tree; some say it is not the Silleekha, but that it nearly -resembles it. It forms an ingredient in formulÊ for strengthening -the loins and kidnies. It dries up the vagina, and is used by women -in the cold season as an ingredient in Peendie. - -827 Ghekwaar or Ghwar. "Aloe Perfoliata, W. Ghrita Cumari and Taruni, -S. Elwa (the gum), H. Musebber, A. Suc d'Aloes (the gum), F. Glausinde -Aloe, G. Aloe, I. Aloe, Sp." It is the Sibr plant, and is in height -about a yard, becoming small towards the top; it is full of juice of -an offensive smell; it (the leaf) is serrated on the edges, and is of a -green color. It is bitter, cool, and aperient, useful in affections of -the spleen and liver, disorders of mucus, bile, blood, fever, blisters, -and hardness of the skin; and slightly increases bile. If rubbed with -water on the hands, fire may be held with impunity. Its juice is well -known as a medicine, mixed with anise seed; it is excellent in pains -of the bowels. I have written more of its virtues in my other works, -and the prescription there mentioned is excellent in all disorders -from cold. The pulp of the leaf with alum and opium is excellent in -ophthalmia; its juice dropt into the eye. - -828 Goongchee.--"Abrus Precatorius. Gooncha, H. Gunja, S. The -seed called Retti, H. Rectica, S. The root of the plant coincides -very exactly in appearance, taste, and medicinal qualities with the -liquorice root, and is sold for it in the bazar; vide Glycine Abrus, -Linn, Flem." - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Goongchee, called also Retti, is hot and dry; its dose one direm. In -the opinion of the people of India, it is cool and dry in the third -degree. It is emetic, and violently purgative, and is considered a -poison. If the Goongchee is reduced to a coarse powder, moistened -with water, and bruised and fried in sweet oil, till it is dissolved; -this oil applied in the morning to the head, and washed off at night, -and this repeated for 21 days, it will greatly increase the growth -of the hair; its leaves and branches thus prepared have the same effect - -If the Red Goongcha, having its bark peeled off, be coarse pounded -to the quantity of eight ounces, and boiled in eight pounds of cow's -milk, till only three pounds remain, then coagulated, and its butter -extracted; the butter will reproduce hair on any parts which may have -been deprived of it by venereal or other disease, and the effect will -take place by its continuance for a fortnight. The white Goonchee, -in the quantity of two direms, given internally for three days, -with sugar, to a woman, will render her barren. - -829 Khelowrie.--The name for the composition of certain pills, about -the size of Peepul seed, sold covered with silver leaf; they are highly -scented, and improve the smell of the mouth; they enliven the spirits -and strengthen the stomach. They are made of Kuth in this manner: - -The Catechu is first mixed well with water, and the precipitate -taken for use. This is boiled in cow's milk, or sometimes in the -above-mentioned water; then Musk Amber and Rose-water are added, -or the distilled water of Keora, and from this the pills are formed. - -830 Khull.--A name for Kus'boosum seem; the refuse of Till. It is -heavy and flatulent, weakens eye-sight; is aphrodisiac; and is used -as a soap to remove grease from the hands. - -831 Khopra.--A name for Narzeel. Its properties mentioned in Yunani -works. - -832 Khewumberie.--The wild fig; useful in white leprosy. All -Indian physicians use the root in this disease, both internally and -externally; some have called it hot, others cold; it is likewise -named Kewumber. - -833 Khesoo.--A root; the leaf of its tree resembles a tiger's -claws. Its flower is yellow; the tree large and common all over the -jungles, and becomes of a red color like fire. - -834 Khynth.--A tree of India; its fruit acid like the apple when -unripe; it is light; cures thirst, hiccup, disorders of wind and -bile. It clears the throat; is difficult of digestion, and strengthens -the stomach, and is lithontriptic; beneficial in fulness of the head, -and is cool and dry in the second degree. - -835 Gheyd.--A kind of Vulture. Its flesh is beneficial in disorders of -the eyes; it is a bird of prey; hot and dry: it is of a black color, -though some have described it as grey. The Baaz and Joorra are used -in hawking. A. Okab, P. Aal. - -836 Kinchua.--A name of Kherrateen. The earth-worm. It is used in -oil and fomentation as an aphrodisiac, and for this purpose the most -powerful is the Lumbricus discharged from the human subject. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -It is said, that if the Kinchua be dried and mixed with dhaie, it will -contract the vagina. If it be mixed with sweet oil, and boiled, and -in this Zaftroomie (pitch) be dissolved, and the mixture externally -applied, it will increase the size of the male organ. From the worm a -kind of copper is procured, which is called in India Paak Tamba. If -put in the mouth it has this effect, that the taste of the neeb, or -pungency of chunam will not be perceptible. It is an antidote to all -animal as well as vegetable poisons, and hydrophobia; useful in want -of power in the digestive organs and pains in the bowels. Its powder -is useful in the Soorkhbad, and kept in the mouth, prevents thirst; -and if kept about the person a snake will not approach or bite. Thus -prepared:--The fresh worms are taken and put into a copper vessel, -over them is poured lime juice, and the vessel well luted, is placed -on the fire; when well boiled, the medicine will be found adhering -to the top and sides of the vessel. - - -Another mode. - -Take of white lead and borax, each eight direms; turmeric and -bullock's bile, each four direms; worms and honey, each 24 direms; -mix and fry the whole in cow's ghee, and when fried, make the mass -into balls. Place these balls in an earthen vessel on the fire, and -by means of bellows increase the heat, and keep it so, for some time; -and when taken off the fire, the Paak Tamba will be found in small -grains at the bottom. - -837 Gyndha.--Rhinoceros. A four-footed beast, larger than the -buffaloe. Its skin black and indented; it is very hard, and used for -making shields, which are held in great estimation. It has a horn -near its nose. Its flesh is used in disorders of wind, and decreases -urine and fÊces. The smoke of the horn while burning is excellent in -the cure of piles, and for producing easy labour; drinking water from -a cup made of the horn will also cure the piles. P. Kurguddun. - -838 Kenkra.--Its flesh is cool, and strengthens the seven component -parts of the body; is aphrodisiac, and remedies profuse discharge of -the menses. "The Crab." - -839 Kesur or Kunkum. Saffron. It is pungent and hot; exhilirates -the spirit; useful in hiccup and in affections of the skin from a -taint in the blood; it is beneficial in head-ache; allays vomiting; -is vermifuge; cures boils and disorders of the three secretions, -and cleans the complexion. P. Zaffraan. - -840 Kyte.--When unripe, it is light; induces costiveness; used in -disorders of the three secretions. When ripe, it becomes of a bitterish -sweet, and is useful in dropsy, eruptions of the mouth, and in wind. It -is heavy, clears the throat, is slow of digestion, and allays thirst. - -841 Kytiputtrie.--Its leaves resemble the Kyte; it is hot and pungent; -used in disorders from poison, phlegm in the throat, and seminal -weakness. - -842 Kyloot.--Cool, astringent; useful in eruptions of the mouth, -in mucus, and flatulent disorders. - -843 Keora.--Pandanus Odoratissimus, (Roxb.) It is like the Ketki, -but it is twice as large; its leaves are prickly, and about the -same thickness throughout. It is in fact like a head of Indian -corn before its leaves recede. It has a very powerful, penetrating, -diffusible scent, more perceptible at a distance than when close; -and after it is dried the smell remains. If it is put amongst linen, -the smell will adhere to it for a length of time. The plant is about -12 feet high; its leaves resemble the Juwar, and are long and trefoil, -with prickles upon all of them; it flowers when four years old. Earth -is thrown up round the roots every year. In the Deccan and in Behar, -it is very common. A distilled water is made from its flowers, which -is cardiac and stomachic. - -844 Kethki.--Also Pandanus Odoratissimus, for it is a kind of -Keora. The Sirrunkethkie is also a species of this. - -845 Kewanch.--Sweet, hot, heavy, and aphrodisiac; produces an increased -secretion of semen. Its seed is useful in disorders of wind, and is -also aphrodisiac. It is a name for Kabeakudje, and that is a species of -Curruf's junglee. It is also a name for Dolichos Pruriens or Cow-itch. - -846 Kela.--Musa Paradisiaca. The Plantain or Banana. The tree is -straight, about the height of a spear. Its leaves, when young, -come out in the form of a round ruler, and are soft as satin, -and much resembling it, with cross marks resembling the plaits of -cloth. The leaf when expanded is very long and broad. Its flower is -a hard substance, of a pyramidal shape, and covered with leaves of a -dark-red color. Every tree which has flowered bears 70 or 80 plantains, -formed in distinct rows round a centre stem, and the tree bears only -once. And the fruit ripe, the tree must be cut down, to leave room -for others to spring up from the same root. There are many kinds of -this fruit. The best kind is small, and called Imrutbean; and the -people of India have said that the camphor is produced from it: but -those who say so are ignorant, the camphor tree is very different. Its -root is tonic; beneficial in disorders of bile, blood, and mucus, and -in gonorrhoea; but it weakens aphrodisia. The fruit is sweet, cool, -moist, and heavy; increases flatulence and mucus; useful in disorders -of bile, blood, wind, and heat of the chest. A. Mooz. The natives of -India dress the unripe fruit with meat, or even dress it alone; and -the Hindoos dress the heart of the branches for food. This I have -found very effectual as an aphrodisiac and for increasing semen, -and as a tonic to the brain. It weakens the stomach, and is heavy; -its corrector is cardamum seed. The Yunani physicians say, that its -correctors are honey, gum, and ginger. - -847 Keetkarode.--A name for Baraicund. - -848 Keekur or Babool. "Acacia Arabica, W. Babool, H. Barbura, -S. Babool ka Goond (the gum), H. The bark, like that of most of -the Acacias, is a powerful astringent, and is used as a substitute -for Oak bark in tanning by leather-manufacturers in India. Gomme -Arabique, F. Arabischen Gummi, G. Gomma Arabica, I. Vullam pisin, -Tam." A common prickly tree of the jungles; its leaves very numerous -and small; it is of two kinds, a large and a small. The young trees -have very numerous prickles, the old trees have fewer; its bark kept -in the mouth relieves cough. Its leaves heated and applied to the eye -removes heat and inflammation; both kinds are astringent, hot, and -pungent, useful in cough, mucus, and diseases proceeding from mucus; -restrain laxatives of the bowels, and are useful in piles. The young -leaves infused for a night in water, in the morning bruised in the -water, and this drank, will be found very useful in gonorrhoea and -itchiness of the bladder. - -849 Keet or Keetie. The refuse or scoriÊ of iron; it is sweet, pungent, -and hot; beneficial in wind, worms, cholicks, seminal weakness, -and swellings. - -850 Gehoon.--A name for Gundum. A. Hinta. It is oleaginous and slow -of digestion; facilitates the junction of fractured bones. Is soft, -tonic, useful in mucus, and increases semen. Its oil is beneficial in -Daad and swellings from vitiated bile. The oil is thus made:--White -Gehoon is moistened for a night in water, and in the morning the oil -is extracted. - -851 Geroo.--It is sweet, astringent, and cool; useful in ulcers; -clears the skin; beneficial in piles, heat, and incipient phlegmon. It -resembles the Gilermonie, and is often substituted for it. - -852 Laak.--Common lac is a kind of wax, formed by the Coccus Lacca: -cool, moist; clears the color of the skin; is aphrodisiac; useful -in disorders of mucus, blood, bile; and is vermifuge. It also cures -boils, eruptions, acne, bruises, and Juzam, and removes possession -by evil spirits. I have found it to be very aphrodisiac. - -This is the gum of the Baer tree. There is one kind of Seed Lac, -which when melted becomes like this. - -853 Lahi.--A name for Ulsee. - -854 Langullie.--The name of a shrub, pungent and hot; useful in -disorders of wind, mucus, and ulcers, also in affections of the -stomach and bowels; is laxative. - -855 Lubhera.--Hot; antidote to poison; useful in blisters, boils, -acne, and Juzam; strengthens the hair of the head; is aphrodisiac; -useful in disorders of wind, blood, and in hectic fever. - -856 Lublie or Lolie. A high tree with very numerous leaves and -branches; the leaves are smooth and shining, and when rubbed, have -a sweet smell: they are of a yellowish color. Its bark is soft -and flexible; the fruit like the Malkungnie, but of a dark-purple -color. The properties of the fruit are, that it cures disorders -of blood, and piles, superabundance of wind, and eruptions of the -mouth. It is light, and the kernel of the seed is of the same nature. - -857 Lutoobrie.--Called also Soonitjhal. The plant is about half a yard -in height, it grows in the hot weather on the banks of the rivers or -near water; brought in contact with the skin, it produces itching -and pimples. The Hindoos use it as pickles by cutting the branches -in pieces, infusing them in water for several days till they become -sour. It is hot, and its juice very useful in ringworm. It in the -first place causes a great discharge of water from the parts, and -then heals them up. If it is bruised and applied for three days to -parts void of sensation, it will produce blisters, and the water being -discharged, and common ointment applied to the parts, the cure will -be found complete. It dissipates wind. The leaves resemble Tirriteruk; -the flower is yellow like the Baboona. - -858 Lydoaloo.--"Mimosa Natans." Bitter, astringent, and cool; used in -the cure of disorders of mucus and bile, eruptions from diffusion of -bile, pains or inflammation in the female parts of generation, and -restrains diarrhoea. It is sensitive, and contracts to the touch. I -have seen the plants, and noticed that the leaves resembled those of -the tamarind, but are smaller. Its branches small, with very minute -prickles. It is said that it grows to a yard in height, and that it -is so very sensitive that it contracts if a shadow passes over it. - -859 Lichmuna.--The female called Lichmunie. It is cool, aperient, -and aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of wind, bile and mucus. It is -the name of the Nuffaa, also called the small Kuthui. - -860 Lichmiphill.--A name for Bele. - -861 Lichkutch.--A name for Burhel, also called Lukitch. - -862 Lukmunia and Lukmunie. Names for Litchmuna. In A. called Beroogus -sunum. P. Mirdumgeea. - -863 Loodh'phup.--Sweet, cool, moist, and light; tonic, astringent, -and diuretic; relieves disorders of bile, and slightly increases -mucus and wind. - -864 Lodh.--"Simplocus Racemosa." A kind of this is white. I have -not seen the tree; the bark is brought from the hills; thick, and -of a white color; both kinds are astringent, cool, and aperient; -strengthens the eyes; beneficial in disorders of mucus, blood, and -swellings; useful in vomiting of blood, and is laxative. Its flower -is sweet, bitter, and astringent; of use in affections of the eyes and -mucus; increases the consistence of semen, and is an ingredient in all -aphrodisiac formulÊ. The particular manner of its administration I have -given in my other publications. The Lodh Pytanee is a kind of this. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Lodh is of two kinds, one from Guzeerat, of a reddish clear color, -the other from the hills of Hindustan, of a dirty greenish hue, and -underneath reddish. The latter is used by the dyers, and the former -in medicine. It is beneficial in disorders of the eyes; it is cool, -dry, and astringent; restrains vomiting of blood; generally styptic, -and as a cold application, removes pain of the eye. Dose one miskal. - -865 Lawa.--"Perdix Chinensis." A bird smaller than the partridge; -of this the people of India have enumerated four kinds--Bansal, -Goruk, Goonderuck, and Durber. The meat of three of them is cool, -moist, cardiac, astringent, and stomachic. The first kind is hot, -increases mucus, and beneficial in disorders of wind. The second kind -is useful in mucous disorders. The third kind is light; its properties -in equilibrium; useful as food for the debilitated. - -866 Loonia.--"Portulaca oleracea." Culinary greens; another kind -is called Koonder. Both are saltish to the taste, and sweet during -digestion; cool and dry, heavy and aperient; increase wind and -flatulent swellings of the abdomen, also bile and mucus. The other -kind is understood to be hot; useful in difficulty of breathing, -disorders of mucus, and increases flatulence. - -867 Loha.--Ferrum, Iron. Ayas, S. Sweet and astringent, cool and -aphrodisiac, aperient and heavy; useful in disorders of mucus and -bile, and in swellings; it produces wind. Its scoriÊ are called -Rubusool hudeed; it is given both in powder and pills: the method of -its preparation I have given in my other works. I have given iron in -piles from cold, also for strengthening the stomach, for lengthening -aphrodisia, and generally as an aphrodisiac. I have also exhibited it -with success in dropsy. It is commonly used by physicians in India, -but my advice is to have as little to do with it as possible. - -868 Long.--"Caryophillus Aromaticus." A. Kurnphul. Its properties -are particularized in Yunani works. If it be introduced into an -apple, and the apple left to dry, then taken out, I have found it -an excellent tonic to the stomach, possessing a cardiac property, -useful in vomiting, and aiding digestion. The apple also will have -become possessed of the same qualities. - -869 Lobaan.--"Libanus Thurifera, Coll. Boswellia, Roxb. Olibanum, -Frankincense. Encens, F. Styrax Benzoin, Murr. Resin of Boswellia -serrata, Roxb." The vizier of Ackber Shah has written, that this is a -gum brought from beyond sea. It has a fine and penetrating smell when -burnt; some call it Meeayabisa. It is very plentiful in this country. - -It would seem to be hot in the 2nd degree. In the refined state, -it is most powerful, and very little of it will be sufficient. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Loban is called in P. Hussunluba. The people of India know it as a gum; -its color is red, and mixed with pieces of white and black as large -as a cowrie. It is hot in the 2nd degree and dry in the 1st. Its -internal use is tonic to the stomach and brain; it discusses wind, -removes phlegm, and is useful for removing running at the nose. In -those of a hot temperament it removes head-ache. Its corrector is oil -of the Banufsha or Khushkhash. Its succedaneum Ladun and Mastichi -in equal parts. The dose is from half direm to two direms. What is -called in India Sut Loban is white, clear, and shining, like Talc, -and is much used in mucous disorders and in paralysis. It is also -beneficial in bad breath. It is stomachic, aphrodisiac, and assists -digestion. The dose two soorkhs in Paan. The expressed oil, applied -to the penis, is aphrodisiac, and also useful in disorders of mucus. - -870 Loni.--P. Neemuk, q. v. - -871 Lolie.--A name for Lublie. - -872 Lomrie.--The Fox. A name for the Sheghal or Sial. - -873 Longmushk.--The name of a flower; its shrub about two yards in -height, but of great diameter. It is white, sweet-smelling, hot, -cardiac, and strengthens the brain. - -874 Lobeia.--"Dolichos Sinensis." A common culinary grain; hot and -dry; creates flatulence; is diuretic, and increases the menstrual -flux. It has also the effect of producing very unpleasant dreams. - -The red Lobeia procures the expulsion of the dead foetus ex -utero, and if ate with cow's ghee, it strengthens the digestive -organs. A. Dizzer. P. Bakla. - -875 Lahsun.--"Allium Sativum, W. Lasuna, S. Ail, F. Knoblauch, -G. Aglio, I. Ajo Sativo, S." Hot and moist; heavy, aperient, -aphrodisiac; promotes digestion, and is useful externally in sprains -and hurts; increases the hair and knowledge, also bile and blood; -beneficial in disorders of mucus, wind, difficulty of breathing, cough, -Badgola, intermittent fever, swellings, piles, Juzam, and seminal -weakness. It is vermifuge, tonic, and cures loss of appetite. It is -an ingredient in all favorite prescriptions. - -Its sherbet I have used with much effect in cases of paralysis. One -kind of Lahsun is called Agbooptah. A. Mowseer. As a tonic, this is -to be preferred, and its pickles are held in great estimation. - -876 Lasora.--"Sobestens Cordia Myxa, W. A. Sepista." Its leaves bruised -and applied to ill-conditioned ulcers, will cure them in 10 days. - -877 Lahusoonia.--A kind of Dedawrie. A. Aynulhur. See -Vidoorie. - -878 Malkungnie.--"Ceanothus Americanus? Celastrus." A seed resembling -Anbus saleb, but smaller and variegated; its upper rind is green, -inside which is red, and withinside this is found the seed fine long -and of a reddish color; it is bitter and pungent, hot and aperient; -useful in affections of wind and mucus, difficulty of breathing, and -cough. It increases understanding and memory. In India, those who try -its effects use it in many ways. One method is to eat one seed the -first day, two the 2nd, and so on, increasing by one till 40 seeds -are eaten in a day, then decrease in the same proportion. Some use -it this way for only eight days, after which they continue to take -this quantity without increase, and during its use, they abstain -from all acids, sour milk, radishes, Till, limes, mustard, and other -articles of this nature; during this time also, they separate beds -from their wives. - -It increases the tone of the vessels; preserves health and strength. - -The Hindoos enumerate many virtues of which the drug is possessed. It -is understood to be hot in the 1st degree, and dry in the 3rd. It is -a favorite ingredient in fomentations, unguents, and prescriptions -for aphrodisia and paralysis. It is in very general use. - -879 Madhooie.--A flower of India; cool and light, and useful in -disorders of the three secretions. - -880 Mansrowhnee.--A purgative medicine, useful in disorders of wind, -bile, and mucus, and is aphrodisiac. - -881 Maak.--Phaseolus Max. A name for Aorde, called also Maash; it is -sweet during digestion; hot, heavy and aphrodisiac; used in disorders -of wind; is tonic; a preservative to health, increases semen, milk, -and fat; also mucus and bile; clears the urinary secretion; beneficial -in piles, paralysis, affections of the liver, difficulty of breathing, -and Badgola; said to be useful in cholic, but as to the three latter, -I am not so certain about them, and suspect it might prove more likely -to increase them. - -882 Maad.--The water in which rice has been boiled, and in which the -rice has become decomposed; it is cool, astringent; creates appetite; -expels wind, mucus and bile; softens the muscles, and is beneficial -in bilious or mucous fevers. - -883 Maien.--Acid, astringent, cool, and light; contracts the vagina; -useful in dysentery, disorders of bile, blood, and mucus; also -affections of the throat. A. Kuzmazidge. P. Kurmar. - -884 Maachik.--A name for honey of a reddish color; it is sweet, cool, -dry, and light; reduces corpulency, strengthens vision, increases -understanding, and beneficial in seminal weakness. The fresh kind -is moist and aperient; that which is old is dry, and if heated is -hurtful. I mean that which has been fermented, and that produced in -hot climates. - -885 Majoophill or Maijphill. A. Affix. "Alleppo Galls, Quercus Cerris, -Quercus Robur." It is hot and astringent; useful in wind; blackens -the hair, and contracts the vagina. - -886 Maankund.--A name for Istolekund. - -887 Malook.--A name for Palook. - -888 Mahesingie.--The author of the Dhara Shekoi has called this the -water-scorpion; see Beechoo. - -889 Maat.--The name of a culinary green, used as food. If the root of -this plant be cleared of the bark, and 100 tolahs of this be boiled -in 100 tolahs of milk, and as much fine honey, over a gentle fire, -taken out and put in a vessel for use, it will be found highly useful -in reproducing the secretion of milk in the breast of a woman, and -is thus used: The woman is to anoint her body with sweet oil, then -bathe in warm water, after which a little of this to be ate, and care -taken that no wind obtain admission to the place where she sleeps; -this done for 14 days, milk will be produced in great abundance. - -890 Maashpurnie.--Obtains its name from its leaves resembling Maash; -it is called also Makonie; it is cool, dry, sweet, and pungent to -the taste. Increases semen and mucus; useful in fever, eruptions of -the mouth, dryness of the fauces, disorders of blood, and costiveness. - -891 Muttur.--"Pisum Sativum. P. Kusshuba." Hot, heavy, and aperient; -increases wind, bile, and blood; is diuretic, and increases secretion -of milk; useful in external swellings and disorders of mucus, weakens -eye-sight and decreases semen. One kind is called Betla, and another is -very small; both of these are sweet to the taste; in digestion cool, -light, and astringent; useful in disorders of wind, mucus, and bile, -and it is the best food for cows. - -892 Muttreegurba.--The eggs of fish. Moist, heavy, and aphrodisiac; -tonic; induces corpulency, increases mucus and the bulk of the solids; -brings on heaviness of the spirits and indolence, and cures seminal -weakness. - -893 Muchechi.--Cool and astringent; useful in Juzam, disorders of -bile and blood, and is vermifuge. - -894 Mucheli.--Hot, moist, heavy, aphrodisiac, and tonic; increases -phlegm and bile; beneficial in the seven dhats, and useful in disorders -of wind. - -The river fish is the best, and most powerful as an aphrodisiac, -and tonic. The tank fish are cool, heavy, moist, and aphrodisiac, -also diuretic. Well fish are aphrodisiac and diuretic, increase mucus, -cause disorders of the bowels and Juzam, and are flatulent. The fish -of jheels, or large pieces of water, have the same properties as -the tank fish; and those of small pools or puddles are sweet, moist, -tonic, and useful, and cure disorders of wind. Salt-water fish produce -bile in a slight degree, and are heavy. All fish induce costiveness -and decrease the strength of the eyes, and the clearer the water, -the more beneficial and more powerful are the properties of the -fish. It will be prudent not to use well fish in cold weather. One -kind of fish is very small, and named Pothee, q. v. - -895 Mujeeth.--'Rubia Munjith, Roxb. MS. Sp. ch. pentandrous, -perennial, scandent, branches with four hisped angles, leaves quatern, -long-petioled, cordate, acuminate, 5-7-nerved, hisped.' "Madder: given -in the quantity of one pice weight in milk, several times repeated, -its effects are very powerful; it affects the whole nervous system, -produces profuse sweating, temporary delirium, mental agony and tears, -with an evident determination to the uterine system."--Trans. - -A root of a red color, used by the dyers. It is an emmenagogue, and -its taste is sweet, bitter, astringent; hot and heavy; clears the -voice and complexion; useful in disorders from poison, mucus, blood, -swellings, ophthalmia, itchiness of the liver, pains, in the female -parts of generation; Juzam, eruptions, acne, boils, seminal weakness, -and dysentery. Its green leaves are sweet to the taste, moist, and -create appetite, and beneficial in bilious disorders. A. Foo. H. Aal, -q. v. - -896 Moojkund.--A small plant; pungent, bitter; useful in mucous -disorders, cough, and itch. It is very common in hilly countries. - -897 Mudhraa.--A name for Kakoli, from its sweet taste so called. - -898 Muddenphill.--A name for Mynphill. - -899 Mudden.--A name for Moom. - -900 Mudh.--Honey. - -901 Moodukpurnie or Rakanie. Cool; beneficial in cough, wind, -blood, bilious heat, fever, semen, and eye-sight; it is also -called Maagpurnie. It is called Mudukpurnie, from its leaf so nearly -resembling that of the Moong; Muduk being a name for Moong, and purn, -a leaf. - -902 Mudhoolka.--A kind of grain; its properties the same as the -Muckund. - -903 Mudhkurkuttie.--A kind of rice; sweet, cool, and heavy; increases -blood and causes eruptions in the mouth. - -904 Moorhurrie.--Sweet and bitter, heavy and aperient; cures disorders -of bile, blood, mucus, wind, thirst, affections of the heart, itch, -Juzam, and fever. - -905 Moora.--A leaf resembling the Mendhi, brought from Lahore; -cool and light; cures possession from evil spirits; is vermifuge, -and useful in disorders of bile, wind, and blood; also in Juzam. - -906 Merg.--P. Ahoo. Its flesh is sweeter than of any other animal; -a little acid and saltish; bitter, pungent, and astringent; it is -cool and light, flatulent; creates appetite; useful in disorders of -all the secretions; is tonic, cardiac, beneficial in fever, and is -an excellent medicated food. - -907 Murua.--Some say this is hot and light in the 3rd degree, and some -that it is in equilibrio; it loosens mucus from the head, and dispels -wind. If boiled in vinegar, and used as an external application to the -head, it will remove obstructions that produce head-ache. Prepared -in this way, it also removes swellings or eruptions caused by heat -or irritating applications. It is cardiac and stomachic, discusses -collections of bile, removes the effects of any animal poison, Juzam, -and disorders of mucus and wind. Is vermifuge. A. Isoomulphar. - -908 Moorhuttee or Mudhserda. Cool, heavy, tonic, and aperient; allays -thirst and nausea, and relieves disorders of bile. A. Isilloosoos; -it is the Baboonie. - -909 Merch.--"Piper Nigrum, W. Maricha, San. Poivre, F." Pungent, -penetrating, stimulant, carminative; hot and dry; useful in disorders -of mucus, wind, difficulty of breathing, and internal itchiness; -is vermifuge; expels bile, and assists digestion. - -910 Merchai.--A name for Hubboneel; hot, dry, and laxative; removes -viscid bile, also mucus and worms. - -911 Mursa.--"Amaranthus oleraceus. A potherb." An esculent, -succulent vegetable, which when boiled with salt and butter is sweet, -high-flavored, and aperient. - -912 Mernal.--The stem of the Kawul flower. - -913 Murorphillie.--"Helieteres Isora." A medicine of -India. P. Kistburkisht (Sheeraree Pechuc); a long twisted shrub, -having a single flower, of a purple color; its leaves resemble the -scorpion's tail; hot and dry in the 2nd degree; some call it hot -in the 1st and dry in the 2nd degree. It assists digestion, and -clears the skin; removes thickened and viscid mucus, and forms an -ingredient in all children's medicines. As an external application, -it is useful in swellings from cold, in itch or daad, expels wind, -and decreases milk or semen; its corrector is Hubbeh senobir; its -succedaneum thrice its weight of Sibr (aloes). Dose one direm. - -914 Missie.--A shrub of India, about a yard high; its branches thin -and its leaves like the Kussowndie: its branches are knotted, and when -slit open, an insect is found in them, which is given to the Boolbul, -when training them to fight. Its flower is very small, of a reddish -yellow, like the Gowzeban; it is also called the Kakjunga, q. v. - -915 Musoor.--P. Adiess. A common grain of the pea tribe; cool, light, -and astringent; useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood, and -is sweet during digestion. - -916 Mustchagundka.--A kind of sugar, useful in eruptions from diffused -bile, seminal weakness, delirium, nausea, and thirst. - -917 Mukoond.--Sweet to the taste; bitter in digestion; hot and dry; -light; decreases corpulence; induces costiveness and wind; it is a -kind of grain. - -918 Muggur.--A. Tumsa. (The Alligator.) Its flesh is greasy and heavy; -used in disorders of wind, and increases mucus and semen. - -919 Muko.--A name for Anbus saleb. P. Sugangoor. Very beneficial in -swellings. Its juice is useful in increasing the eyesight, and for -restraining the menstrual flux; cool and moist. - -920 Mug Peepul.--A kind of Peepul. - -921 Moogta Sukut.--A name for the shell of the pearl-oyster; it is -sweet and pungent, used in mucous disorders, difficulty of breathing, -pains of the chest and bowels, and loss of appetite. - -922 Moogtaphill.--A name for the pearl. - -923 Mukhara.--Commonly called Mukhana, Euryale ferox. It is cool and -heavy, useful in disorders of wind, mucus, and blood; is aphrodisiac, -and increases semen; and is found very beneficial to women after -labor. It is often called Talmukhana, but it is quite a different -medicine. - -924 Mullagheer.--The name of a tree, the wood of which is very heavy, -and full of veins. It is brought from a distance; when pounded, -it is of a reddish black color, has fine smell, and is used in -India for dying and for giving a pleasant odour to clothes. It is -cardiac, strengthens the brain, and gives a pleasant effluvia to the -perspiration; cures discolorations of the skin of the face, and in -some Indian works is called a species of Sandal. Its properties are -the same with Rukutchunden. - -925 Mulleka.--A kind of the flower of the Rai-bele: it is hot, light, -aphrodisiac; cures disorders of wind, eruptions of the mouth, and -all affections thereof. - -926 Mulleen.--A root of India, of a clay color; hot, dry, and pungent; -if bruised and applied to the head, it kills vermin; it destroys -maggots in ulcers; the leaves possess the same property. I knew a -man who had severe head-aches from maggots in the brain: I squeezed -the juice of this into the nose, it killed and brought them away. - -927 Moondie.--A. Raderyoos. "Spheranthus Indicus." It is also called -Tuppodenie, so denominated from its being used in penance; if any one -preserves a constant respect for this, he will become the peculiar -favorite of Heaven. It is also called Srawanie; this name is derived -from the circumstance of its bearing fruit in the month Srawun. The -leaf is somewhat like the mint, the flower round or globulated, and -of a rose-color; it has a sweet smell, and is a medicine of great -virtue. It is sweet and a little bitter, but very much so during -digestion; it is hot, light; increases understanding; is vermifuge; -useful in boils and eruptions of an obstinate nature; is pungent; cures -pains in the parts of generation of the female, marasmus, gonorrhoea, -and disorders of bile. If the plant be pulled out by the root before -it flowers, and dried in the shade, and ate with wheat flour, cow's -ghee, and sugar, it will restore and preserve youth, and prevent the -hair from becoming grey; and if pounded and often used in powder, -it will be found peculiarly tonic. If its seed be ate with sugar, -it will preserve health to the extreme of old age. - -An old man is said to have eaten a preparation of this for a year -constantly: the strength of youth was restored to him, and he lived to -the age of 205 years. The physicians of India declare this to be the -basis of the Elixir VitÊ. If the plant is taken before it flowers, -and is bruised and eaten with ghee and honey, both the strength and -appearance of youth will be preserved. Indeed, the extent of its -virtues is only known to the most scientific of physicians. If its -flowers are eaten for 40 days, the same effect will be produced; -and the root used without intermission for a year, incalculable -benefit will be the result. If the root and leaves be bruised and -eaten for three days, with cow's milk and honey, it will be found -highly aphrodisiac. If one of the seeds be swallowed without water, -the eye-sight will be preserved, and no affection of the eyes will -take place for a year. If two are swallowed, the eye-sight will be -preserved for two years, and so on. I used it myself in my infancy, -or early days, and have preserved my sight in a wonderful manner. My -uncle used the distilled water of this, in depression of the spirits, -and as a cardiac, with great success: he sometimes distilled from -equal parts of this and Gowjeban, at other times with other cardiac -medicines. If half a masha of the oil of this be ate with Paan in the -cold weather, it will produce a genial warmth over the body; it will -also remove affections from cold, and be found aphrodisiac. The oil -is thus procured: - -The plant is moistened with water, and then rubbed between the -hands with any sweet-scented oil, but not too much; it is then to -be extracted in the same manner as that of Agur is procured. If a -chittack of the following oil be eaten daily for 40 days, and during -this time abstaining from intercourse with woman, it will be found -that the aphrodisiac power will have become so great, that it will -seem wonderful. It is thus prepared: - -Take the leaves, root, and all parts of the plant; bruise them, -sprinkling a little water over them; then squeeze out 20 seers of the -juice, and add to it five seers of sweet oil; boil the whole till the -juice shall have evaporated, and the residue is the oil. Some use the -medicine in this manner. During the months of August and September, -with cow's ghee. In April and May, with honey. In June and July, with -sugar. In February and March, with congee. In October and November, -with cow's milk; and in December and January, with sour milk. The -author of the Dhara Shekoi has said that the root is to be bruised in a -copper vessel, with a pestle of the Neeb tree, adding a little water, -till it has become black; then taken up by dipping cotton into it, -and preserved for use. In the ophthalmia, a little of the cotton -moistened and applied to the eye, will remove the disease. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Moondie is a medicine of India, of two kinds, a large and small; -its flowers are like buttons, and it is of a bitterish, astringent -taste. It is cool and dry in the 1st degree, and is, in the opinion -of some, in equilibrium: both kinds of it are beneficial in disorders -of the blood, white leprosy, epilepsy, heart-burn, elephantiasis, -cough, incessant vomiting, diarrhoea, flatulence, all disorders of -the eyes, feverish head-ache, itch, heat in the chest, marasmus, -and all bilious disorders; it creates appetite, and is aphrodisiac. - -928 Munn.--P. Morhoemarh. A. Hujuroolheya. A stone found in the nape -of the neck of a snake of the Cobra species, but it is not found in -all; when in the reptile, it is soft, but it hardens by exposure to -the air. It has a variegated surface, and its virtues are these, -that if rubbed on a blue or black woollen cloth, it will deprive -the cloth of its color; also, if applied to any part bitten by a -reptile, it will adhere till it shall have extracted the poison. If -it be put into milk, it will change its color. If it is applied to -the bite of a snake, it will extract the poison. And if it be eaten, -no snake can ever by its bite produce hurtful effects on your system. - -929 Munsul.--Bitter, pungent, hot, and moist; heavy and aperient; -an antidote to poisons; cures affections of mucus, blood, difficulty -of breathing, and cough; clears the color of the skin, reduces -corpulency; and removes possession by evil spirits. It is called -Zernikh Soorkh. "Red Sulphuret of Arsenic." - -930 Moondookpurnie.--A kind of Birumbie. - -931 Mundar.--A small shrub, of two kinds; both bitter, pungent, hot, -and laxative; useful in disorders of mucus, and increase of fat in -the abdomen, itch, and swellings; and is an antidote to poisons. - -932 Moot.--P. Shasha, or Kumeer. A. Bowl. Urine. That of cows, -buffaloes, horses, goats, camels, rams, and men, is saltish and -bitter; dry, light, aperient, and cardiac; increases appetite and -relish for food; useful in general swellings; clears the brain and -all excretory passages; increases bile; beneficial in disorders of -wind, Badgola, piles, and dropsy; is vermifuge, and used in Juzam, -marasmus, flatulence, internal itchiness, and want of appetite. - -Cow's is the best and most effectual. Elephant's urine is an -antidote to poisons, and generally vermifuge; useful in Juzam and -Badgola. Buffalo's, beneficial in swellings, Badgola, piles, marasmus, -and seminal weakness. Horse's is aperient; cures disorders of mucus, -and Daad. Goat's is an antidote to poisons; removes difficulty -of breathing, jaundice, and marasmus. Ram's cures emaciation, -swellings, Juzam, piles, seminal weakness, and costiveness. Ass's is -lithontriptic; useful in seminal weakness, Juzam, idiotism, internal -itchiness, and dropsy, and is vermifuge. - -Human urine is an antidote to poison, and particularly tonic. When -a choice is to be made between male and female, this rule may be -observed. Of the cow, sheep, and goat, the female; of elephant, horse, -camel, and ass, the male; also the male of the human subject. Should a -person at any time feel symptoms of indigestion, and be afraid of the -consequences, a little of his own urine will relieve all unpleasant -sensations and expedite digestion, but this can only be resorted to -by people of no caste. - -933 Monje.--The leaf and external fibrous covering of a kind of reed -like grass, used to make rope. It is equally cold and hot; useful in -acne, disorders of blood, diseases of the eyes, and all complaints -affecting the urinary bladder, or urethra. - -934 Mooser.--Sweet, bitter, heavy; promotes appetite, cures piles -and disorders of wind; increases semen, and is an ingredient in all -tonic prescriptions. I fancy this is the Shukakool. - -935 Moocherus.--"Bombax Heptaphyllum. The tree." The gum of the -Sembill tree, also so named by the author of the Dhara Shekoi, but -it is commonly understood to be the flower of the Soopearie tree. It -is cool, heavy, and astringent; increases semen; restrains diarrhoea; -increases the tone of the digestive organs; removes disorders of blood, -bile, mucus, and general heat. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Moocherus is of two kinds, one according to some is the gum of the -Sahajena, and by the account of others, that of the Sembill tree. It -is red, heavy, and difficult of digestion. The other kind is the -flower of the Soopearie; both kinds are cool, dry, astringent, and -aphrodisiac; strengthen the back, kidnies, and loins; increase semen, -and lengthen aphrodisia. Its corrector is sugar and cow's ghee. The -succedaneum is Kummarkuss. - -936 Mohuk also Bohuk; useful in disorders of mucus and wind, and -slightly increases bile; some have said that this is the Mowa. - -937 Mokhun.--The name of a tree, hot and astringent; useful in diseases -of wind and mucus, in worms in the stomach, and pain therefrom, -rheumatic pains in the joints and bones, and its gum is aphrodisiac; -increases the bulk of the muscles, and of use in disorders of bile -and wind. - -938 Moong.--"Phaseolus Mungo." And one kind, which grows wild. It -is cool, dry, light, and astringent; used in disorders of mucus and -bile; strengthens the eyes, and is fit and proper food for the sick; -it however weakens the stomach--this I know by experience. If given -to a person of weak digestive organs, it will be passed unchanged, -although other food will be digested. I therefore conclude that it -is too difficult of assimilation to be used with advantage, as here -recommended. It weakens aphrodisia. P. Maash. - -939 Moth.--A grain of India; cool; some say in equilibrium. It is -dry, quick of digestion, and if used with cow's ghee, its flavor will -be much improved. It cleanses the blood, is sweet during digestion, -relieves wind, and removes laxities of the bowels; some indeed have -called it aperient: cures mucus disorders, strokes of the wind or sun, -and removes fever. It produces worms. - -940 More.--The Peacock? Its flesh is hot, aphrodisiac, and tonic; -beneficial in diseases of the ear, colds, dryness, and creates -appetite; increases understanding, thickens the hair of the -head, strengthens eye-sight, cleans the voice, and beautifies the -complexion. It ought to be ate in the cold season, as it is not so -beneficial in the hot winds and rains. P. Taous. - -941 Morba.--A medicine of India. Its root hard, and of a clay color; -hot and dry in the 2nd degree: used as an external application in -swellings of the throat, and one direm of it eaten, it will loosen -phlegm from the throat. - -942 Motha.--"Cyperus rotundus. Cyperus pertenuis, Roxb." A name for -Saad; bitter, astringent, and cool; inducing costiveness; assisting -digestion; used in disorders of blood, mucus, bile, and fever; -removes thirst, and is vermifuge. - -943 Moom.--Soft and greasy, cures pain of bruises; and boils; assists -the growth of granulations in wounds, and the junction of fractured -bones; useful in affections of wind, blood, and Juzam. A. Shuma. - -944 Mookul..--Restrains laxities of the bowels, is heavy and tonic; -useful in disorders of bile and wind, creates appetite, and is very -aphrodisiac. - -945 Moolie or Moolug.--Hot and light, creates appetite, clears the -voice, benefits affections of the throat, the olfactory nerves, -and the three secretions; dried, it is light and very beneficial in -piles, swelling, stone and gravel. Salt extracted from the radish -in the usual way, by being dried and burned, is diuretic; useful in -suppressions of urine, and promotes digestion. - -946 Motie.--Its properties nearly resembling those of Chunder Kanth, -q. v. - -947 Moonga.--A name for Mirjhan; bitter and sweet; useful in disorders -of bile, heat, wind, and mucus; increases semen and is cardiac. - -948 Mowlserie.--Mimusops Elengi. Bukool, H. Sweet, astringent, and -cool; causes intoxication, raises the spirits and is an antidote to -poisons. Its flowers have a sweet smell; the fruit is cool, sweet, -and astringent; improves the color of the skin, and imparts a pleasant -taste to the mouth. I have found the fruit to be cardiac and stomachic; -the root is beneficial in seminal weakness, in strengthening the loins, -and increasing the consistence of semen. Its name is also Bowlserie. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Bowlserie is cool and dry; its bark and root useful in thickening -semen, and remedying too great seminal irritability: if its bark -is boiled in milk, and as a gargle, it will remove tooth-ache. The -flowers are somewhat hot, cardiac, and stomachic; its distilled water -is intoxicating, and useful in disorders of bile, thirst, and delirium. - -949 Mooslee or Mooslicund.--Sweet and cool; removes bile and heat; -increases a proper secretion of mucus, and if eaten with sweet oil, -it will relieve discharges from the nose from cold. Used with rock -salt, it will increase appetite; with water it will remove pains in the -bowels. It is of several kinds: black and white. The former resembles -the Shakakool, but the bark of the Shakakool is white, whereas this -is black; the white kind is thin, and resembles Mahi roobyan, called -also Mooslie Dukanee. Another kind is also white, and thinner than -the black kind, yet thicker than the Dukanee. All three kinds are -used in aphrodisiac formulÊ; some have called it hot, and useful in -piles and disorders of wind. If half a direm be taken with Zeera, it -will be found beneficial in Jaundice; and if taken with equal parts -of good ginger, it will cure indigestion. If eaten with the leaves -of Punskisht in equal parts, it will remedy offensive perspiration, -and with Streephill, it will remove seminal weakness; with Peepul, -it will cure Hydrophobia, and with Anula it cures intermittents. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Mooslie is of two kinds, black and white; the black is called Mooslie -Dukanee, dry in the first degree, and hot in the second; some say -hot in the first degree and dry in the second. It is aphrodisiac, and -increases semen; removes head-ache from phlegm and seminal weakness, (3 -direms with as much of the white of the cocoanut.) In giddiness it is -administered with honey; as a tonic with milk and Isgun; for injuries -of the labiÊ and vagina with Darfelfil; for carbuncle with Zemicund; -for dropsy, with camel's milk or Mocoe water. As an antidote to poison, -with Kawanch seed; in quartan ague, with cold water; in Soorkhbad, -with Tirphilla; in habitual fever, with cow's urine; in pains in the -bowels, with hot-water; in the bite of a snake, with sugar, honey, -or Tincar; in deafness, with mint or Kanjee for seven days; in black -jaundice, with Baberung; and for gonorrhoea or diabetes, with water. - -In the opinion of the Hindoos, this is the best of all medicines, -and the black kind the most powerful for medicinal purposes. - -950 Moorsheka.--A tree, whose leaves growing like the plume of the -peacock, has obtained for it this name. It is sweet and acid; useful -in disorders of bile, wind, mucus, and heat. - -951 Mogra.--"Jasminum Zambac. Magorium." A flower very common; sweet -and cool, and of a pleasant smell; raises the spirits; removes bile; -improves weakness of sight, affections of the mouth, and ulcers. There -are seven kinds of it. - -952 Musakunie.--A shrub of two kinds, the first rises only about -four inches, more or less, and has on both sides of it two leaves, -like a mouse; the other kind remains on the ground, like the leaf of -the Doodie. Its flower is of a blue color; the first kind is scarce: -both are hot, bitter, and diuretic, and useful in disorders of bile -and mucus; it is called Murzunjoosh. - -953 Maha Moondie.--A kind of Moondie, of a larger kind; its flower as -large as the Kudum flower; its properties the same as the Bhoomkudum. - -954 Mahwa.--"Bassia latifolia." A tree as large as the mangoe; its -leaves large and thick; its wood used in building, very common to the -eastward. A spirit is distilled from its flower; its fruit is named -Kelownda; the unripe shell of it dressed with meat much improves its -flavor. It is hot and dry. One kind of it is named Rahisphill. The -decoction, the distilled water and spirit, have an offensive smell, -produce giddiness, and much subsequent uneasiness. The flower when -just blown is white, but as it becomes ripe assumes a yellow color -like the Benowlee, but larger, and it is sweet to the taste. The -kernel of its fruit gives an oil of a white color, and is used to -adulterate ghee. Its properties are said to be, that it is useful in -mucus and wind, and cicatrizes wounds. - -Its flower is cool and heavy; aphrodisiac; increases the secretion -of milk and semen, also mucus; useful in disorders of bile, blood, -wind, and in hectic fever. Called Goolchukan. - -955 Mahkee.--Its flesh is sweet to the taste; hot and moist, also -heavy; useful in disorders of wind, and has a soporific property. It -is aphrodisiac, increases semen, strengthens memory, and preserves -health. It is a name for the buffalo. A. Jamoos. - -956 Mohoka.--"Cuculus Castaneus, Buch." A bird, the note of which is -sounded okok, it is also called Uka. Its brain mixed with perfumes, -and used as a cephalic in cases of palsy of the tongue, and paralysis, -produces sneezing, and gives relief. Its blood is used to extract -thorns or heads of arrows from the flesh. Its brain, mixed with sugar -and given to children, produces distinct articulation. The flesh is -said to be hot and dry, and to strengthen memory. Its fÊces is used -as a medicine in difficulty of breathing. - -957 Mahaneem.--"Melia sempervirens, W. The leaves of this species of -the bead tree have a nauseous taste, devoid of astringency. Flem." Its -taste is bitter and astringent; it is cool and dry; removes laxities -of the bowels; useful in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood. Is -vermifuge; allays vomiting and nausea, and is very powerful in -Juzam. It is commonly called Bucaen. Shaikh Boo Ali Seyna, in his -work called Kanoon, has written, that Azad is the name of a poisonous -tree; and Hakeem Ally has written, that the Azad is the Bucaen tree; -others too have followed him up, and stated it to be the Bucaen: but -as I have repeatedly exhibited the Bucaen, I know that it possesses no -poisonous qualities, consequently this must either be a mistake or a -false statement. In the Moasoodie, it is written, that the Bucaen is a -tree of India, cool, dry, astringent, vermifuge, beneficial in Juzam, -eruptions, disorders of blood, and that it is lithontriptic. If three -direms of the seed in powder be taken, it will be found useful in -piles, and stop the discharge from bleeding piles; a fumigation of -the seeds will also be found useful. The young leaves bruised and -taken will correct an increased discharge of the menstrual flux; -the leaves heated and applied to piles, or the loins in lumbago, -will give great relief, and as an application to boils it exceeds the -Neem in virtue. The seeds bruised and rubbed among the hair will kill -vermin; and the bark burnt, and with equal parts of Kuth, applied to -the mouth, will cure eruptions. - -958 Mendi.--A name for Hinna, "Lawsonia Inermis." - -959 Mahasutawurie.--A kind of Shatawur. - -960 Mahawunth.--A kind of Kudum. - -961 Mahameed.--A species of this is called Meede. Both are cool, heavy, -sweet to the taste; improve the senses; are powerfully tonic; increase -milk and semen; are aphrodisiac, increase phlegm, cure eruptions from -cold, cough from bile, but increase cough from phlegm. This medicine -is very scarce, and seldom met with. - -962 Mahawur.--Its properties come near those of the Lac. It is useful -in discoloured specks on the face, and acne punctata; bruised and -introduced into the ear, it cures the ear-ache. - -963 Mendi Anwul.--A kind of Anwul. - -964 Mayursuka.--Light; cures disorders of bile and mucus, and restrains -laxities of the bowels. - -965 Mayoorshuka.--The Moorshuka. - -966 Mendha.--P. Meshe. Its flesh is heavy, moist, tonic; increases -wind and bile. This is the name of the male, and his meat is preferable -to the female. "Ram." - -967 Mynphill.--"Gardenia Dumetorum, Kˆen. Vangueria Spinosa, -Roxb." Bitter and hot, astringent and dry, light and emetic; useful -in disorders of mucus and Juzam, swellings, flatulence, and dryness -of the seven Dhats, Badgola, and is suppurating. - -968 Methie.--"Trigonella Foenum-grÊcum, Wild." Hot and dry; exhilarates -the spirits; creates appetite; induces costiveness; is vermifuge, and -decreases semen. Its seed is useful in cough, nausea, and disorders -of mucus. A. Hoolba. - -969 Mydhasingie.--A kind of Doodie. - -970 Myoorjung.--A name for Aoloo; obtains its name from its stem -resembling in straightness the peacock's leg. - -971 Meed.--Vide Mahameed. - -972 Meetanimboo.--Called also, Rajenimboophill, and in -P. Shukurleemboo. - -973 Nalee or Narie.--A small plant, which lies on the ground. Its -leaves somewhat like the tamarind leaf. In some works the Narie is -separately described. Its qualities are hot, and it is discutient; -useful in affections of wind from cold; is laxative and beneficial -in disorders of the mouth. - -974 Naryil.--"Cocos nucifera." A tree like the Taar or Khoojoor; -its fruit is oval, and betwixt that and its covering is a fibrous -substance in considerable quantities; its weight from half a rittal -to one or more. It is cool; slow of digestion; expels gravel; -induces costiveness; is aphrodisiac and tonic; useful in disorders -of wind, blood, bile, general heat; and its water is cool, light -and cardiac; increases appetite and semen. If not quickly drunk, -and has become fermented, it produces some degree of intoxication, -raises the spirits, and is tonic. Its cheese, when first produced, -resembles milk, and is said to be very sweet; it afterwards becomes -hardened, and increases semen, wind, and disorders of bile. Bullienas, -a physician, has related, that if a torch is made of the rind and -coir, and burnt in the midst of a large company, it will produce so -soporific an effect as to put them all to sleep. - -975 Naringee.--Some have stated this to be a name for Narinje, but -this is a mistake; it is produced in Indostan. Its properties are -less powerful than Sungterra or Kowla, but its acid greater. - -"Narinje is the Citrus Aurantium, or Nagaranga, San. Rind stomachic; -juice acid and bitter." - -976 Nagesur.--"Mesua ferrea." Indian rose chestnut? A seed smaller than -the Kubabcheenee; the plant is thin, and its stem long. It is dry, -light, corrects indigested food; cures or removes offensive smell -from the perspiration; useful in Juzam, acne, mucus, and poisons; -it is said to be a name for Narmusk. - -977 Nagdown.--Mugwort? Cures boils and eruptions, and is an antidote -to the poison of spiders and snakes. A. Huleyoon, Artemisia Vulgaris. - -978 Nagdumnie.--A wood resembling a snake, from which it obtains its -name. It coils round like the snake, and may easily be mistaken for -that reptile. It is bitter; increases the size of the muscles; is tonic -and light; used in disorders of bile and mucus, gonorrhoea, eruptions, -Lues Venerea, and poisons; it remedies laxities of the bowels. - -979 Murdok.--A shrub, found in the hills; its leaves like those of -the cucumber, its root called Davaun nemr. The leopard eats the root, -which produces a swelling near its tail on the back: this is called -Hadjurun nemr. P. Nirkpulung. This if bruised, and applied to the -carbuncle, will expedite its cure; and if a woman applies it to the -parts of generation, she will not conceive; and if her husband visits -another woman after having been with her, she will not conceive. It -is a runnet, and coagulates milk. If preserved about your person, -and you visit a baker's shop, the bread will fall from the oven into -the fire. It is about the size of a clove of garlic, and is variegated -on its surface like the skin of the tiger. - -980 Nadey.--A species of Jamin. - -981 Nagarmotha.--A name for Motha. Cyperus Pertenuis. - -982 Nagbulla.--Sweet, acid, and astringent; hot and slow of digestion; -useful in itch and ulcers, also in disorders of bile. - -983 Naaoe.--A common shrub, very hot; useful in disorders of wind -and mucus; produces appetite; assists digestion. Its leaves used as -a culinary vegetable. - -984 Nirbissie.--A name for Jedwar. "Curcuma Zedoaria. Amomum -Zedoaria. Kempferia Rotunda." Sp. ch. Spikes lateral, bulbs small, -with long yellow palmated tubers; leaves broad-lanceolar, sub-sessile -on their sheath, sericeous underneath; color uniform green. Banhildie; -pungent and cool; useful in disorders of wind, mucus, blood, and every -kind of poison. Is tonic; carminative; useful in flatulent cholic, -but it increases ulcers. - -985 Nerkutchoor.--See Kutchoor. - -986 Nergoondie.--Resembles Rootki, but smaller and black. The author of -the Ulfaz has without due enquiry pronounced this to be the Sumhaloo, -but this is a different plant. It is hot and dry, useful in disorders -of mucus. - -987 Neyrmellie.--"Strychnos Potatorum, W. Cataca, San." It is cool -and dry, some say it is in equilibrium. If bruised and mixed with foul -water, it will clear, and purify it. If bruised in water, and applied -to the umbilicus, it will relieve the griping pain of dysentery. If -bruised, and applied to the eyes, it will strengthen eye-sight; also -if applied to the bite of a snake, it will remove the effects of the -poison. If eight grains of it be mixed with a little water and sugar, -and drank, it will be found beneficial in gonorrhoea. I have seen this -in my uncle's receipt book, but the dose was not there specified. If -four grains of this be bruised in water, and mixed with dhaie, and -left in a covered China vessel for a night, and taken in the morning, -it will relieve suppression of urine, gonorrhoea, chordee, and bloody -urine; but it must be used for a week. - -988 Niswut or Mahaseyama, or Ritchita. It is a little bitter and -sweet; also bitter during digestion. It is hot and dry; laxative; -relieves wind; useful in fever, disorders of bile, mucus, dropsy, -and swellings. The black kind is a poison and very hurtful; it is a -powerful drastic purgative; produces insensibility, heat, giddiness, -and injures the voice. - -989 Nuk Is of two kinds, both sweet to the taste; hot and light; -removes possession by evil spirits; beneficial in disorders of wind, -mucus, and blood; is an antidote to poisons; cardiac, and clears the -complexion, called Uzfarooteeb. - -990 Nukchecknie.--A name for Koondush. It is a low shrub, does not -rise from the ground; its leaves like the Tirrateruk; its flower -like the Neemb. It produces eruptions in the mouth, beneficial in -disorders of wind and phlegm, and is vermifuge. It is called Chicknie. - - -Maadentezerrubad. - -Nukchikenie is a medicine of India, hot and dry; expels wind; -beneficial in mucus, paralysis, and paralytic complaints, loss of -memory, pains in the joints, and is aphrodisiac. If one seer of this -with quarter seer of sweet oil, and half the weight of Mulkungnie, -be put into an earthen vessel, and its oil extracted in the manner -described under the head Puttaljuntur, and given in the quantity of -four soorkhs in Paan, it will be useful in all the above-mentioned -complaints, and in all mucous disorders. It will be advisable to -use this medicine only in the cold weather, as it is, in itself, -very hot and powerful. - -991 Nullwa.--Cool; strengthens the eye-sight; useful in bilious -disorders, affections of the blood, Juzam, difficulty of voiding urine, -general heat, mucus, and acne. - -992 Null or Nullie; grows in watery and moist places; it is cool, and -useful in disorders of the eyes, in eruptions of the mouth or apthÊ; -clears the blood; clears and dries the vagina, and is diuretic. Some -have called it heating. - -993 Nemuk Chitchera Is thus made. Take two bundles of that kind -of Chitchera, which has inverted prickles, reduce it to ashes, and -collect them into a vessel; then add a great quantity of water, and -mix and wash it well with the hand; leave it for a night, add more -water, put it into a cloth, and let it strain through slowly by drops; -boil the clear fluid till the salt will precipitate or crystallize. - -994 Nemuk Soonchur also called Nemuk Sia. "Muriate of -soda. Bitlaban. Kala Nemuck, H." A tonic in dyspepsia or gout; a -deobstruent in obstructions of the spleen and mysenteric glands of -children; a stimulant in chronic rheumatism and palsy; a vermifuge. An -analysis of the black salt gave, - -"Black oxide of iron, six grains; sulphur, 14 grains; muriate of -lime, 12 grains; muriate of soda, 444 grains; loss four grains = -480 grains." It is thus prepared: Take two seers of Anula, one seer -of Ashkhur, bruise both and mix them with 20 seers of rock-salt, -also bruised; put the whole into a vessel, cover the vessel with a -cloth, all except the mouth; lute this cloth well with soft clay, -and place it in the sun to dry. When perfectly dry, put it on the -fire, (let the mouth of the vessel be rather small.) Keep constantly -stirring it with an iron spatula or spoon; when well boiled and mixed, -take it off and allow it to cool; then add Tinkhar, Jawakhar, Tilkh, -Kibreeth, sweet salt, and soot, equal parts; mix all well together, -and add a quantity of salt-water; then boil the whole down, and strain -as directed under the head Nemuk Chitchera. - -995 Nemuk Kutchloon.--The salt of glass, called Muskhoo Koonia, also -Zoobdat ul Kawareer. It is the froth of glass; it creates appetite; -clears the blood: there is another kind of salt called Budhloon. This -is hot and stomachic; restrains laxities of the bowels, pains, and -consequent swellings of the urinary bladder, heaviness, and stuffing -of the chest, disorders of wind and mucus; also expels wind. - -996 Nemuk Udhbidh.--The common Unkaloon; this is a kind of black -salt; it is light; clears the blood; it is speedy in its effects, -and as an external application, and it expels wind. - -997 Nemuk Soendha.--Sweet to the taste; cool, moist, and light; -promotes appetite and digestion. Is cardiac, strengthens vision, -and is useful in wind and bile. - -998 Nekund Baaperi.--A medicine of India, called also Oontura or -Anere. It is hot and moist. If used as much as can be held in the -palm of the hand, for a year, no poison will prove hurtful; in fact it -counteracts the poison of snakes, and all other poisons. If two direms -be eaten with as much aniseseed, for six months, the hair will not -become white; two direms ate with dhaie, will be found effectual in -gonorrhoea. Eaten with the leaves of the lime tree, and four seeds of -peepul, it will cure obstinate fevers; with goat's milk, will cure -quartans; with Foifil for three months, will cure white leprosy, -also foulness of the blood, Juzam, boils, and scabies. - -999 Nundbyrchun or Nundbyrkha. Hot and light, and in its properties -resembling the peepul; indeed it is reckoned a species of that -tree. It is useful in disorders of mucus, blood, poisons, boils, -and cuticular eruptions. - -1000 Nunahuld.--The small turmeric, called also Mameeran. - -1001 Newarrie.--A flower in India, like the Chumbeley, but has no -smell. It is of two kinds, one procured in the hot season, the other -in the rains; the second kind is also called Newalie. Both are pungent, -light, and useful in disorders of all the secretions. - -1002 Nowsader.--"Muriate of Ammonia. Sal Ammoniac, F. Salmiak, G. Sale -Ammoniaco, I. Sal Ammoniaco, Sp. Also Nowshader"; very pungent salt, -and as a medicine or application, speedily effectual. It is aperient, -beneficial in cholics, dropsy, costiveness, and pains in the bowels. - -1003 Nowllee.--The young leaves of the lime tree; they have a sweet -and grateful smell. - -1004 Neeturbala.--Cool, dry, and light; produces appetite and -digestion; cures eruptions of diffused bile; bilious and mucous -disorders, general heat, boils, and eruptions. Some say, that this is -the Nalee, but this is a mistake, for Nalee is the name of a different -medicine, though it may be that of both. As the Neeturbala is seldom -met with, a substitute is used in the branches of the Neelophir, dried. - -1005 Neela Totha.--P. Tootia Subs. It is of two kinds, both aperient, -and useful in scabies and Juzam, disorders from poison, and mucus; -is vermifuge; reduces corpulency, and is useful in certain diseases -of the eye. - -1006 Neenuk.--Its flesh is sweet to the taste; light, tonic, and -aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of the three secretions. It is a -kind of Barasingha. - -1007 Newla.--In its properties resembling those of the cat. A. Ibn -Urs. "The mongoose, Ichneumon, Viverra Ichneumon." - -1008 Neelkunt.--"Coracias Bengalensis." A bird; its meat is useful -in disorders of mucus, wind, and blood. P. Subsuk. - -1009 Neendie.--"Vitex Nigundo, W. Lagondium Litorium, Rump. Bhemnosi, -Rheede. Vitex Trifolia. The leaves heated are discutient, effectual in -dispelling inflammatory swellings of the joints from acute rheumatism, -and of the testicles from suppressed gonorrhoea." - -1010 Neela Sindhuk.--A name for Sumhaloo, (Sobaloo?) P. Punjkysht. A -kind of the above; both are bitter to the taste, astringent, pungent, -and light; increase knowledge; strengthen vision; also strengthen the -hair of the head; remove itchiness of the abdomen and swellings; are -vermifuge; useful in Juzam, boils, eruptions, and disorders of mucus; -improve appetite, and relieve cataract. The leaves of the Sumhaloo, -smoked as tobacco, or equal parts of them and tobacco bruised and -applied to the part, will cure hydrocele. - -1011 Nypaul.--A kind of Chureyta, called also Nupaul Neeb. - -1012 Neenboo.--P. Lymboo. Citrus Medica, W. Jambira, S. Refrigerant, -antiseptic. Peel stomachic. The Lime. It ripens in the hot-weather, and -attains the size of a hen's egg. It is of a green yellowish color. Its -rind is very thin, and thence it derives its name Kagsi. One kind of -it is always in fruit, and a sweet kind of it is called Rajineenboo -phill. Its properties are particularly noticed in Yunani works. It -is said in some publications to be an antidote to animal poisons, -both internally used, and applied to the parts. - -1013 Neel.--The indigo, very common in India; hot and bitter; useful -in boils, affections of the spleen, Soorkhbad, dropsy, strengthening -the hair of the head; but it weakens memory, and produces giddiness. - -Its leaves are used as an application for colouring the hair, and -are in great estimation on that account. From its heating quality, it -either decreases or increases a discharge from the nose, according to -its nature; and when it is used for colouring the hair of the beard, -cloves ought to be mixed with it, to increase its heating quality, -when the person is of a cold temperament. - -1014 Neelisbund.--A kind of Apirchetta, q. v. - -1015 Neeb.--"Melia Azedirachta, W. The pride of India, the leaves of -a nauseous bitter taste, (devoid of astringency,) Flem." - -A very common and large tree of India, much esteemed; it is of four -kinds, the medicinal properties of all the same. It is astringent -and bitter; pungent and cool, (some say hot and dry;) some call -its qualities in equilibrium; it is quick of digestion; useful in -disorders of bile, wind, and mucus, and I have known it to be of use -in Juzam and white leprosy. I have also exhibited it with success in -eruptions and scabies. One man I knew, whose whole body was white from -leprosy. I prescribed it to him for 40 days, and cured him. I took -the kernel of the seed, bruised and sifted it, and gave it in the -quantity that might be contained in the palm of his hand, fasting, -and prohibited him from using any other kind of food than bread or -dhal, without salt or ghee. - -It is also said by Hukeem Ali to be excellent in curing obstinate old -ulcers, as also fistula in ano, by the application of its leaves. It is -given in many and various ways. Its leaves are given fresh, sometimes -dried and pounded, sometimes its juice is given, often the juice of -the leaf buds, and not unfrequently its bark. It is likewise given -mixed with Noora. Its juice is used with Noora to cleanse foul ulcers, -and to cure carbuncle, and this it effects in a very short time. The -Noora is added to it in one-eighth of its quantity, and Hukeem Ali has -declared it to be the best ingredient in ointment that he ever tried. - -I have often used the leaves heated as an application to swellings and -boils; it in some cases resolved them, in others expedited suppuration, -and in all was beneficial. I have added salt to the bruised leaves -for the same purpose, and found that it added to its efficacy. - -A decoction of the leaves as a fumigation is excellent in discussing -swellings, and with the addition of the leaves of the Sumhaloo, with -additional good effect. A fumigation of less heating properties may -be obtained by the leaves of the Anbassaleb, being substituted for -the Sumhaloo. The water of this decoction is useful in cleansing foul -ulcers, and removing pain from the joints. - -The Neeb in the opinion of Indian physicians is cool, and Hukeem -Urzanee has described its qualities as equal. If the decoction is -used as a wash for the hair, it will darken its color, and increase -its growth; and if the juice of its young leaves in the quantity of -five or six direms be taken for seven days, it will cure scabies, -ring-worm, and all kinds of acne, and it will purify the blood. A -decoction of the bark of its root will restore suppressed menses, -and if taken with goor it will produce abortion: prepared in this -manner it will cure the under-mentioned diseases. - -Take of the flower, seed, bark of the root, and leaves (called Punjuk), -let them be infused for a night in two maunds of water, then bury it -in the ground for a month, after which distil its water for use. - -All species of scabies, white leprosy, Juzam, (when not too far -advanced,) and disorders of all the secretions. Some mix the Punjuk of -the Bucaen with the above, and it is said to increase its virtues. If -the seed be bruised in water, and applied to the head, it will remove -head-ache. Its juice is vermifuge. If three masha of the leaf buds -with half masha of black peepul be eaten for 21 days, it will remove -disorders and foulness of blood; increase the strength of vision, and -by its juice being introduced into the eyes, will cure night-blindness. - -I have given it for cleansing the blood, correcting vitiated bile, -scabies, idiotism, and all disorders arising from disordered bile, -thus: By mixing the distilled water, above-mentioned, with filings of -Sissoo, the leaves, flowers, and bark of the Bucaen, and Shatirra, and -Surphonka, white Sandal, filed, and Gowzeban, mixed well, and a water -distilled. It will also be found useful in Juzam and white leprosy. - -1016 Neelobe.--The Saruss. - -1017 Neelgau.--"The Wild Cow, (a species of Elk.)" Its size is somewhat -between a horse and ass. Its meat is greasy, hot, and moist; sweet; -increases the secretion of semen; also bile, and eruptions of the -apthous kind. It is also called Rooja. A. Bakur ul Vaish. - -1018 Nainjooth.--A name for Mameeran. - -1019 Neelkunti.--A small shrub of India; its leaves thick in a middling -degree; its root and flower is blue: also another kind, which grows -in gardens, is called by this name. Its properties are not known to me. - -1020 Vaasun.--Called also Bootee Shaikh Fureed, which also signifies -a hill. - -1021 Vcherkhar.--A name for Nowshakur, also Nowshader; some call -this a composition, and some say it is the salt Zakoom, made by the -branches being cut small, burnt, and prepared. - -1022 Veedoorie also Bedoorie. A. Ynoolhur. It is commonly known by -the name Sahroonia; hot, acid, and useful in cholics. - -1023 Veroojun.--Also Beroojun. The author of the Kasmi has described -this as a small stone, or a name for any small stone; some describe -it as a kind of Jewaheer. - -1024 Harsinghar.--"Nyctanthes Arbor Tristis;" also called -Hursinghar. It grows to about a man's height, and when at the very -highest, is about 12 feet, though some have seen it even higher. Its -leaves are pointed, thick, and hard; its flowers small and white; -their stem red. Its leaves rubbed on ring-worm cure the affection: -first scaling the part, then healing. It is cool and light; useful in -disorders of wind, mucus, and bile. It is aphrodisiac, and re-unites -broken bones. - -1025 Haloon.--"The seed of the Cress, or Lepidium Sativum." The seed of -the Agur; it is smaller than the seed of the Tookbalingha, but thicker, -and of a red color; it is aphrodisiac and tonic; removes hiccup, -wind, mucus, and disorders of the blood. It is hot and dry. A. Hurf. - -1026 Hudhjora.--The flower of the Hursinghar; it produces the re-union -of fractured bones, from which property it derives its name. "Cissus -quadrangularis." - -1027 Hoorhoora.--A small plant, with many flowers, of a white color, -and very small: one kind of it is called Burumseerjela. The first -kind is cool, heavy, and diuretic; useful in disorders of mucus and -wind. The second is hot and light; useful in seminal weakness and -fever; and is lithontriptic, and removes difficulty of voiding urine. - -1028 Hurunkherie or Hurunkhoorie. A small plant of India; its leaves -resembling a deer's hoof, which has given it this title. It is usually -found in wheat fields; it is hot, and aperient; useful in scabies, -Juzam, and loss of sensation. If one direm fresh be eaten with 10 -grains of black-pepper, bruised, daily, it will restore lost sensation. - -1029 Hurtaal.--"The yellow Sulphuret of Arsenic. Orpiment." Pungent -and astringent; hot and dry; useful in disorders from poison, scabies, -Juzam, aphthÊ, disorders of the blood, mucus and bile, fever, and -possession with evil spirits. It is a common application in scabies, -and is called Zernikh Zerd. It is of five kinds, yellow, red, green, -white, and black. The yellow is called Hurtaal, and the white kind is -used by alchymists in the transmutation of metals; it is in the opinion -of every one hot and dry in the 3rd or 4th degree; its corrector is -milk and cow's ghee; its dose four ratties, after it is killed or -prepared, and is thus much esteemed as a medicine in disorders from -cold, such as paralysis, epilepsy, affections of the joints, Juzam, and -white leprosy. It is aphrodisiac, and increases appetite and digestion. - - -It is thus prepared for use in Leprosy. - -Take one tolah of yellow arsenic, wash it seven times in milk, then -grind it for 24 hours, adding as it dries, a little milk, then let -it dry a little, and make it up into small pills. Then take half -seer of the Bhurr Tree (the bark), pound it, and put it in a vessel, -and among the powder put the pills with a little Chunam (lime), above -and below them; after this, shut the vessel so well up that no smoke -can escape, put it on the fire, and keep it in a strong heat for six -hours; then opening the vessel, pour in over the pills a little ghee -(butter), to cool them. The dose will be one soorkh daily, for seven -days, abstaining from any thing salt. - - -Another method. - -Take half a tolah of Hurtaal Tubki, bruise it, and grind it with -milk or the juice of the castor; form it into pills as above. Then -take of Dharafilfil half a tolah, bruise, and use it in lieu of the -chunam above alluded to; form the pile of 15 pieces of cow-dung in a -hole dug in the ground, on these lay the pills, supported and covered -with the Dharafilfil; over them place an equal number of pieces of -cow-dung, and set fire to the whole. When it is cold, take out the -pills, and preserve them for use. Dose half Soorkh. - - -Another method. - -Take of the Hurtaal half a direm, bruise and grind it with the juice -of the Kobee, for six hours, then form it into pills, place them in -an earthern vessel well luted, then surround it with 10 pounds of -dried cow-dung, set it on fire, and when cool, remove them. The dose -one grain or barley corn. Salt prohibited. Given in Paan. - - -Another method. - -Take of Hurtaal half a direm, tie it up in a cloth, and let it remain -for seven days in cow's urine, again for the like period in lime juice, -and an equal number of days in milk of Mudar. The two first liquids -are during the seven days to be twice changed, the last changed daily; -then take out the Hurtaal, and grind it with milk of Mudar for six -hours, form them into pills, and roast them as recommended in the -two foregoing methods. The dose the same. - - -Another method. - -Take of Hurtaal one direm, the kernel of the Kurinjua one direm, -Alum one direm; first bruise the Kurinjua and strew the half of it -over an earthern vessel, with equal parts of Shibyem·nie; then put -over it the Hurtaal, and above that the alum; above all these, put -the remainder of the Kurinjua; secure the whole as in the last method, -and roast with 14 pounds of the dried cow-dung. - -1030 Hyrbee.--A root of a yellow color; hot, dry, and aperient; -useful in disorders of bile, mucus, and viscidities of the secretions; -its dose is from one dang. to half a direm. - -1031 Harun.--A name for Myrg. - -1032 Hurr.--"Terminalia Chebula, W. The unripe fruit Zengi -Hur, H. Myrobalans, Terminalia Citrina." A name for HulÈl·; its -properties particularly described in Yunani works: astringent, sweet, -laxative. Dose one of the fruits. - -1033 Hurbarheorhi.--"Averrhoa acida, Linn. Cicca disticha, -Gmel. Phyllanthus Cheramela, Roxb." - -Or H˙rf˙rhÈorhi; a common plant; the acid fruit of which is used -for preserves. - -1034 Husthkool.--A kind of Baer, of a middling size. - -1035 Husthal.--A kind of Pendhaloo. - -1036 Husthuk.--A name for Arnd. - -1037 Husthchinkhar.--A name for Kharkhusuk. - -1038 Huldee called also Huld; it is pungent and bitter, hot and dry; -useful in disorders of mucus, bile, blood, acne, seminal weakness, -swellings, marasmus, and boils. It may be applied in small quantities -externally, bruised, for the cure of bruises. P. Zerdchooba. A kind -of this is called An'bËhuldie, "Curcuma longa." - -1039 Huldia.--The name of a yellow poison; vide Hurtaal. - -1040 Hoolhool.--"Cleome viscosa." A plant, about a yard high, -more or less; its leaves are small and thin towards the branches; -its seed-vessel is very thin, and contains numerous small black -seeds. It is round, and bent in the centre; it is used as a culinary -vegetable. It is hot and pungent; useful in cholic, dropsy, ulcers, and -ear-aches; swellings, Juzam, and white leprosy. Its leaves, introduced -into the ear, very useful in ear-ache. It is also beneficial in the -piles; the parts being washed with a decoction of its leaves. In this -complaint, the leaves are dressed and eaten with rice; five direms of -seed ate with twice its weight of sugar before meals, and the meal to -consist of Kitcheree, with plenty of ghee, (butter,) used for 40 days, -will effectually remove piles. - -1041 Huldoo.--The name of a tree; the wood of which is used in -buildings; its properties mentioned under the head Darhuld. - -1042 Hingote.--A tree; hot in its properties; useful in Juzam, boils, -and eruptions; is an antidote to poisons, and to possession by evil -spirits; beneficial in white leprosy and worms in the stomach. Its -fruit is the size of the large Hurrhoe, and even larger, though when -dried it remains about that size. The tree is about the size of a -small Neeb tree. - -1043 Hunspeedie.--A small shrub, growing close to the ground; -its branches thin; its leaves small like the Doodie; it is cool and -heavy; useful in disorders of blood, poisons, boils, eruptions, acne, -general heat, and possession by evil spirits. It induces costiveness, -and is used to counteract the effects of poison of the Tarantula. - -1044 Hingpootrie.--It is of two kinds, both pungent and saltish; -hot and cardiac; assist digestion; beneficial in pains at the heart, -and of the urinary bladder; induces costiveness; remedies piles, -disorders of mucus, and Badgola. - -1045 Huns.--The flesh is hot and moist; heavy and aphrodisiac; clears -the voice and complexion; promotes appetite; beneficial in Soorkhbad -and disorders of bile. P. Haaz.----Goose. - -1046 Hhoobaer.--A seed about the size and color of the Phalsa, -sometimes larger; it is said, that when young, it is red, and when -ripe it becomes black. It is a kind of hill Serroe; its leaves like -the Jhow. In its taste, it is pungent and bitter, astringent and hot, -heavy, and beneficial in disorders of wind, bile, dropsy, and piles; -is lithontriptic and vermifuge, and in the quantity of three direms, -it expedites the expulsion of the dead foetus e utero. It will cure -suppression of the menses, but if ate during pregnancy, will produce -abortion. A. Abhul. - -1047 Heeng.--Pungent and saltish, also hot; promotes appetite and -digestion; beneficial in disorders of wind, mucus, internal itchiness, -Badgola, flatulence, and pains in the bowels; is vermifuge; increases -bile, and is aphrodisiac. It increases the power of all tonics and -aphrodisiac prescriptions, but the particulars I have mentioned in -my other works. - -1048 Heeraclokhi. A. Dummul Echwder. - -1049 Heerakussees.--A kind of Chund Kussees. - -1050 Heera.--The name for Almass. - -1051 Haimowtie.--A name for Hurrh. - -1052 Habooka.--A denomination for Hhoobaer. - -1053 Hingool.--A name for Shungirf. - - - - - - - - -SENSATIONS OF BURNING IN THE HANDS AND FEET. - -This is of two kinds, a dry, and a sweating, kind. The method of cure -among the natives is as follows: - - -Sweating kind. - -Take of Chook, Khoot, Lahoria Nemuk, each two parts; Black Till Oil, -12 parts; mix and rub in for 14 days. - - -Dry kind. - -Let a hole be dug in the earth, and fire kindled therein, till the -ground becomes well heated; strew the bottom of the excavation with -Mudar leaves, and sprinkle on them new milk, till the fumes arise. The -feet to be placed in the hole, on the leaves, and a blanket to be -spread over, and round the knees, to prevent the escape of the heated -vapour. In this manner the patient is to sit till the place becomes -cold; and this is to be repeated for seven days, when the cure will -be complete. - - - -In the opinion of the Physicians of Hindostan, the human frame is -divided into seven principal parts. These are chyle, blood, muscles, -fat, bones, brain, marrow, and semen. - - - - -THE TASTES ARE SIX: VIZ. - - -Sweet, Increasing Semen, milk, eye-sight, asthma, - obesitas, worms, and affections - of the throat. - Curing Wind and bile. - Cool and stomachic; creating appetite. -Acid, Increasing Mucus, bile, emaciation, fermentation - of the blood. - Curing Wind. -Salt, Increasing Appetite, digestion, mucus, bile, - wind, and disorders of blood. - Curing or decreasing aphrodisia, and - generally relaxant. - Light. -Bitter, Increasing Bile, wind, dryness, and heat. - Decreases Milk. - Dry and light. -Pungent, Increases Appetite and milk. - Decreases Thirst and fever. - Dry. -Astringent, Increases Wind and flatulence. - Decreases Wounds, ulcers, and laxities. - - -The general prescriptions and favorite formulÊ, mentioned throughout -the work, are Tonics, which preserve health, lengthen life, and -strengthen the system. - - - -The principal secretions or humours are four in number; viz. mucus -(or phlegm), bile, wind, and blood. When three of these are said to -be increased or diminished, it is to be understood, that blood is not -to be included. In fact, it never is, unless particularly specified. - - - - -DEGREES. - -"The Yunani physicians, in specifying the different degrees of virtue, -or power of their medicines, include in the - -"First Degree.--All those whose effects are not felt in common doses. - -"Second Ditto.--Such medicines as have perceptible effects; but in -a moderate degree. - -"Third Ditto.--Those of greater power, the exhibition of which must -be conducted with caution. - -"Fourth Ditto.--All poisons or medicines of any deleterious -properties." - - - - -WEIGHTS. - - One soorkh---- one grain. - One masha---- 8 soorkh. - One direm---- 3 masha. - 10 mashas---- one tolah or Rupee. - One rittal is about 19 tolahs and two mashas. - One tolah, 12 1/2 mashas. - - - - -ABBREVIATIONS. - -H. Hindi, P. Persian, A. Arabic, S. Sanscrit, F. French, G. German, -I. Italian, S. Spanish. - - - - - - - - -INDEX. - - -A. - -Art. -Aak, 8 -Aal, 9 -Aaont, 83 -Abbasie, 657 -Abbea, 19 -Abi, 7 -Abnoos, 15 -Abruc, 18 -Aderuck, 29 -Aditt Bagut, 10 -Adjan or Adjain, 26 -Adjmode, 22 -Adjwain, 23 -Adjwain, (Khorasanee,) 24 -Adki, 4 -Aechill, 89 -Aegoor, 88 -Aent, 90 -Aginmunt, Agwunt, 50 -Agunie Char, 55 -Agur, 54 -Agust, 51 -Ahmlee, also Buzuroolreshad, 87 -Aistallkund, 41 -Akaholie, 3 -Akasbele, 56 -Akhroat, 52 -Akirkirra, or Akirkirrh‡, 53 -Akroat, 52 -Alaechee, 59 -Aloo, (Bochara,) 14 -Alsi, 57 -Alta, 60 -Am, Ambe, Anbe, 1 -Amarbele, 66 -Ambarae, 65 -Ambaray, or Ambara, 78 -Ambegool, or Angool, or Ambegooda, 73 -Ambeloona, 72 -Amlie, 63 -Amratuck, 68 -Amroude, 67 -Amrutphull, 64 -Amulbedh, 61 -Amulchangerie, 62 -Amultas, also Kurwara, 69 -Ananass, also Kutel Suffrie, 70 -Anar, 76 -Anbertasung, 80 -Anbihildee, 16 -Andaluck, 28 -Anderjow, 75 -Angud, 81 -Anjeer, 82 -Ankaloon, 79 -Anula, or Amle, 5 -Anwul, 12 -Aoloo, 58 -Aoode Belao, 84 -Aoonk, 86 -Aoont Kutara, 85 -Aord, or Aort, or Maash, 32 -Aorde Gunta, 40 -Aoshire, Kuss Kuss, Ooseer? 47 -Aotungun, 20 -Apheem, 49 -Apurjeeta, 17 -Aramsheetul, 2 -Area, 11 -Arhir, or Toor, 31 -Arjun, 36 -Arloo, Catoombura, or Sheunag, 37 -Armeede, 39 -Arnd, 34 -ArnÈ, 33 -Arnee, 30 -Aru, 6 -Aruk, 13 -Arusa, 35 -Arvie, or Arum Colocasia, 38 -Asgund, 43 -Asperuk, 42 -Asphill, Padmunie, 44 -Aspurka, 46 -Asteghoon, 48 -Astull, Bunt‡ki, 45 -Atees, 21 -Aunalie, 77 - - -B. - -Baag, 108 -Babchee, or Bakchee, 102 -Babool, 126 -Baboona, or Marehtee, 113 -Babur, 104 -Badgan, Khutay 115 -Badjera, 122 -Baeberung, 121 -Baele, also Byll, 271 -Bagerie, 185 -Baluka, 95 -Balchur, 120 -Bale, 270 -Bander, 107 -BanjkakÛra, 98 -Bans, 114 -Bansa, also Pi·bansa 94 -Barasinga, 105 -Baraykund, or KeetkuroÛdh, or Subbuskund, 97 -Barehie, 117 -Baremoo, 116 -Barumbie or Soonputtie, 163 -Batassa, 134 -Batees, 138 -Bealduntuck, 279 -Bear, also Konar, 276 -Beekhbans, or Beedjbans, 93 -Beerbahootie, 281 -Becktindeek, 189 -Bedareekund, 149 -Bedarkee, 150 -Bedhara, 152 -Beechnak, 148 -Beedjbund, 266 -Bejoura, 145 -Belaikund, 191 -Benowla, 212 -Benth, 267 -Berahumie, 175 -Berahumnie, or Berrumdundie, 174 -Berchakund, 162 -Berehta, or Berehti, 166 -Beridda, 160 -Bhaer, also Mendha, 237 -Bhains, also Mahaki, 238 -Bhang, also Bidjia, 248 -Bhangra, 230 -Bhapungi, 254 -Bharingee, 236 -Bhateele, 257 -Bhehi, 244 -Bhelawj, 242 -Bhendi, 250 -Bheria, also Bhudda, 239 -Bheroza, also Gundha Bheroza, 256 -BhindalÊ, 252 -Bhoeperus, 247 -Bhohphilly, 262 -Bhoje Puttur, also Burje Puttur 232 -Bhoodill, 258 -Bhoom Kajoor, 243 -Bhoom Kudum, 249 -Bhoothpees, 259 -Bhoom Amulek, 233 -Bhuhira, 241 -Bhuiteroor, 246 -Bhuntaki, 264 -Bhu'th Kutaeye, 261 -Billie, 194 -Billoousseeke, 195 -Bindaal, 216 -Bindeokurkotheki, 217 -Birnaoo, or Buroo, 158 -Biscopra, 177 -Bishash, 182 -Bishnookrantha, 181 -Bitchoo, 144 -Bole, 227 -Boochitter, or Beechitt˙r, 245 -Boont, 223 -Bokun, or Bookla or Book, 183 -Buckree, 188 -Budgerkund, also Soorum, 147 -Budhill, 151 -Budjaesaar, 143 -Bukaen, 186 -Bukochie, 184 -Bulka, 198 -Bunbele, 203 -Bunda, 199 -Bunpowarie, 207 -Bunslochun, 210 -Burberi, 164 -Bureeja, 165 -Burrh, 157 -Burruntaaki, 171 -Buryara, 170 -Bussunti, 180 -Butaer, 137 -Butch, 146 -Butchudder, 142 -Butela, 136 -Buthua, or Pasthuk, 135 -Byll, 196 -Bylla, 197 -Byrumbseerjella, 168 - - -C. - -Catoombura, 37 -Chaab, 340 -Chachoondur, also Chulde, 357 -Chakoth, 347 -Chakussoo, 342 -Chalkurie, 348 -Champa, or Chumpuk, 385 -Changerie, 349 -Charai, or Charwolie, 344 -Cheea, or Cheetkeh, 433 -Cheebook, 350 -Cheedah, 426 -CheehurÊ, 421 -Cheel, 430 -Cheenah, 427 -Cheenuk, 423 -Cherie, 408 -Cherkund, 416 -Cheetah, 429, 432 -Cheetul, 428 -Chehtaon, 404 -Chellwuk, 376 -Cherakakoli, or Chershookla, also Chermudera, 406 -Cherayta, also Punsaal, 362 -Chereela, 414 -ChermbÊrie, 386 -Chesteymud, Chestee, also Chitemud, 364 -Chetuck, 352 -Cheylchish, 377 -Chichinda, also Chunchilund, 356 -Chikara, 366 -Chillie, 378 -Chirchirra, 358 -China, also Chituck, 360 -Chirownjee, 361 -Chirpoota, 359 -Chirr, 413 -Chitchera, or Chichira, also Chirchira, 351 -Choekurk, 370 -Chohara, 412 -Choke, 396 -Choocheroo, 418 -Choonderdhan, or Jowdhan, also Rukitsaal, 407 -Chouch, 403 -Chowlai, or Chowrai, 397 -Chukadana, 374 -Chukeerka, 369 -Chukond, 371 -Chukora, 367 -Chukotrah, 372 -Chukua Chukui, 368 -Chukunder, 365 -Chumbeley, 384 -Chumbuck, 389 -Chumgader, 382 -Chunderkanth, 390 -Chundun, 392 -Chundunsarba, 393 -Chundurseha, 417 -Chundsoor, 391 -Chuttra, 354 -Chuttar Phill, 355 -Coochilla, 712 - - -D. - -Daad Murden, 446 -Dabeh, 441 -Dakh, 445 -Daoodie, 440 -Darhuld 438 -Darma, also Soombulkhar, 444 -Darmee Saar, 443 -Darum, 442 -Datoon, also Danth, or Danti, 439 -Deodar, also DÈodarie, 475 -Deomun, 476 -Dhadahwun, 462 -Dhaie, 470 -Dhak, 467 -Dhamin, or Dhunoon, 460 -Dhanqie, or Dhaoie 471 -Dhatura, 465 -Dhaw, 463 -Dhawa, 464 -Dhawnie, 472 -Dheerukmola, 473 -Dhendus, 474 -Dholkudum, 468 -Dhumaha, 469 -Dhunia, 466 -Dhunjawasa, 461 -Doob, also Shittb·ra, 455 -Doodee, 457 -Doodhee, also DukdÚka, 456 -Doodka, 459 -DoÛdputeya, 458 -Dooparia, 447 -Dukdoka, 452 -Dumna, also Dawna, 453 -Dundundana, 454 -Durba, 449 -Durbhur, 450 -Dusmool, 451 -Dutchina Virna, 448 - - -G. - -Gajur, 676 -Geerehti, 816 -Geerguth, 726 -Gehoon, 850 -Geroo, 851 -Ghafis, 660 -Ghar, 661 -Ghareekoon, 663 -Ghasool, 662 -Ghekwaar, or Ghwar, 827 -Gheyd, 835 -Ghirb, 664 -Ghoghaie, 658 -Ghora, 820 -Gillo, 754 -Godoon, 793 -Goh, 801 -Gokhroo, also Kunthphill, 803 -Gomenduk, 788 -Goobrowla, also Goobreyla, 694 -Goodhul, 718 -Googeerun, or Gugeeroo, 752 -Googul, 809 -Gooha, 811 -Goolkhairoo, 756 -Goolur, 812 -Gooma, 789 -Goondinie, 810 -Goond, 768 -Goondroo, or Goonderuk, 808 -Goondur, 776 -Goonma, 813 -Goongchee, 828 -Goor, 731 -Goorcha, 786 -Gooroochna, or Gooroochun, 785 -Gota, 805 -Gowrbaghan, 792 -Gowrdun, also Sutpootrie, 787 -Gowreh, 659 -Gowrohun, 671 -Gowruk, 794 -Goww, 790 -Gowdunta, 804 -Gudjpepullie, also Gudjpeepul, 710 -Gudha, 716 -Gudloon, 717 -Gugundool, 751 -Gulbar, 755 -Gumbhar, 764 -Gundheel, 775 -Gundhka, 783 -Gundhur, 782 -Gunduk, 780 -Gunyar, 769 -Gurehri, 723 -Gyndha, 837 - - -H. - -Habooka, 1052 -Haimowtie, 1051 -Haloon, 1025 -Harsinghar, also Hursinghar, 1024 -Harun, 1031 -Heeng, 1047 -Heera, 1050 -Heeraclokhi, 1048 -Heerakussees, 1049 -Hhoobaer, 1046 -Hingool, 1053 -Hingote, 1042 -Hingpootrie, 1044 -Hoolhool, 1040 -Hoorhoora, 1027 -Hudbjora, 1026 -Huldee, also Huld, 1038 -Huldia, 1039 -Huldoo, 1041 -Huns, 1045 -Hunspeedie, 1043 -Hurbarbeorhi, 1033 -Hurr, 1032 -Hurtaal, 1029 -Hurunkherie, or Hurunkhoorie, 1028 -Husthal, 1035 -Husthchinkhar, 1037 -Husthkool, 1034 -Husthuk, 1036 -Hyrbee, 1030 - - -I. - -Inderain, 74 - - -J. - -Jaal, 345 -Jaie Puttrie, 341 -Jaiey, 346 -Jaiphill, 343 -Jamalgotay, 383 -Jamin, 338 -Jatie, 339 -Jawakhar, 402 -Jawansa, 395 -Jeengha, 409 -Jeepaul, 431 -Jeewuk, 422 -Jeewung, also Buthua, 425 -Jeewuntie, or JeÈw˙nie, or JÈw·, 424 -Jest, 363 -Jhirberie, 419 -Jholputtur, 405 -Jhow, 415 -Jill Benth, 379 -Jill Butees, 380 -Jill Neeb, 381 -Jillpeelbuka, 375 -Jojakhar, 411 -Joonk, 400 -Jooqunoo, 373 -Juhan, 401 -Juhi, 398 -Jungliechuha, 388 -Junkar, 410 -Junth, 394 -Junthmook, 387 -Jutamaasie, 353 -Juwar, 399 -Jyaphupp, 420 - - -K. - -Kagphill, or Kagtoondie, 675 -Kaiphill, or Kutphill, 677 -Kakjunga, 665 -Kakolie, 667 -Kakra Singie, 673 -Kaksaag, 668 -Kalakora, 685 -Kalesur, or Kulesur, 688 -Kalizeerie, 679 -Kalseenbie, 682 -Kanakutchoo, 674 -Kanch or Kaatch, 678 -Kandagolhi, 690 -Kangeerug, 681 -Kanghi, 689 -Kanjee, 670 -Kans, 666 -Kansi, 682 -Kapithar Jug, 696 -Kapoor, 691 -Kapoorbile, 693 -Kapoor Kutcherie, 698 -Kapoorie, 699 -Karela, 733 -Kareyl, 721 -Karunj, 722 -Karownda, 720 -Kasht, 680 -Kasmerie, or Kasmuroo, or Kasmurga, or Kasheera, 669 -Kastipadile, 687 -Katchloon, 686 -Kath, also Kuth, 672 -Kathmanda, 684 -Kawaal, 798 -Kawul, 765 -Kawulguth, 766 -Keekur, or Babool, 848 -Keera, or Kheera, 824 -Keet, or Keetie, 849 -Keetkarode, 847 -Kela, 846 -Keloondha, 760 -Kenkra, 838 -Keora, 843 -Kesur, or Kunkum, 839 -Kethki, 844 -Kewanch, 845 -Khaer, also Cudder, 815 -Khand, 825 -Khaperia, 823 -Khelowrie, 829 -Kherboozah, 436 -Khergosh, 435 -Kherie, 817 -Khesoo, 833 -Khewumberie, 832 -Khopra, 831 -Khorasanee (Adjwain), 25 -Khull, 830 -Khusa, also OsheÈre, 437 -Khutchur, 434 -Khutmnl, 821 -Khylakhylie, 826 -Khynth, 834 -Kinchua, 836 -Kobhee, 791 -Kokla, 800 -Kookra, 748 -Kookrie, 749 -Kooktunduk, 819 -Kookurbangra, 807 -Kookurchundie, 806 -Kooleejan, 758 -Koolunta, 759 -Koonch, 796 -Koonda, also Pita, 814 -Koondoorie, 773 -Koonj, 795 -Koonja, 778 -Koontukphill, also Kuntukanta, 771 -Kootki, 701 -Kora, 735 -Korund, 730 -Kowa, also Koral, 799 -Kowadoorie, 802 -Kowla, 767 -Kowrie, 797 -Krishndaan, 724 -Krishn Moolie, 738 -Krishn Saarba, 739 -Kubab Cheenee, 697 -Kudum, 715 -Kujoor, 822 -Kukora, 747 -Kukrie, 750 -Kukrownda, 753 -Kukrownela, 746 -Kulownjee, 761 -Kulumbuk, 757 -Kumbeela, 779 -Kumode, or Komoodutti, 762 -Kumruk, or Kumruka, 763 -Kunaer or Kurneer, 777 -Kundurdolie, 772 -Kunghi, 784 -Kungni, 774 -Kunkole, 770 -Kunoocha, 781 -Kupass, or Kurpass, 696 -Kupoor, also Khesia, 692 -Kurinjua, or Korinjeka, or Kurinjee, 728 -Kurkund, 734 -Kurkura, 727 -Kurna, 719 -Kurni, 736 -Kurr, 732 -Kurrukphill, 737 -Kurwanuk, 725 -Kurwara, or Kurwala, 729 -Kussees, 745 -Kusseroo, or Kusseruk, 741 -Kussoombh, 743 -Kussowndie, or Kussownda, 740 -Kustoorie, 744 -Kustooryea Mirg, 742 -Kutai, 704 -Kutara, 702 -Kutchaloo, 709 -Kutcherie, 713 -Kutchnar, 708 -Kutchoor, 714 -Kutchua, 711 -Kuteera, 703 -Kuth, 707 -Kuthael, 700 -Kutoonbur, 705 -Kutputrie, 706 -Kyloot, 842 -Kyrnie, 818 -Kyte, 840 -Kytiputtrie, 841 - - -L. - -Laak, 852 -Lahi, 853 -Lahsun, 875 -Lahusoonia, 877 -Langullie, 854 -Lasora, 876 -Lawa, 855 -Lichkutch, also Lukitch, 861 -Lichmiphill, 860 -Lichmuna, 859 -Lobaan, 869 -Lobeia, 874 -Lodh, 864 -Loha, 867 -Lolie, 871 -Lomrie, 872 -Long, 868 -Longmushk, 873 -Loni, 870 -Loodh'phup, 863 -Loonia, 866 -Lubhera, 855 -Lublie, or Lolie, 856 -Lukmunia, and Lukmunie, 862 -Lutoobrie, also Soonitjhal, 857 -Lydoaloo, 858 - - -M. - -Maachik, 884 -Maad, 882 -Maak, also Maash, 881 -Maankund, 886 -Maashpurnie, also Makonie, 890 -Maat, 889 -Madhooie, 879 -Mahameed, 961 -Maha Moondie, 953 -Mahaneem, 957 -Mahasutawurie, 959 -Mahawunth, 960 -Mahawur, 962 -Mahesingie, 888 -Mahkee, 955 -Mahwa, 954 -Maien, 883 -Majoophill, or Maijphill, 885 -Malknagnie, 878 -Malook, 887 -Maoarowbnee, 880 -Mayoorabuka, 965 -Mayursuka, 964 -Meed, 971 -Meetanioboo, 972 -Mendha, 966 -Mendi, 958 -Mendi Auwul, 963 -Merch, 909 -Merchai, 910 -Merg, 906 -Mernal, 912 -Methie, 968 -Missie, also Kakjunga, 914 -Mogra, 951 -Mohoka, 956 -Mohuk, 936 -Mokhun, 937 -Moocherae, 935 -Moodukpurnie, 901 -Moogta Sukut, 921 -Moogtaphill, 927 -Moojkuod, 896 -Mookul, 944 -Moolie, or Moolug, 945 -Moom, 943 -Moondie, 927 -Moondookpurnie, 930 -Moong, 938 -Moonga, 947 -Moonjee, 933 -Moora, 905 -Moorhurrie, 904 -Moorhuttee, 908 -Moorsheka, 950 -Mooser, 934 -Mooslee, or Mooslicund, 949 -Moot, 932 -Morba, 941 -More, 940 -Moth, 939 -Motha, 942 -Motie, 946 -Mowlserie, 899 -Muchechi, 898 -Mucheli, 893 -Mudden, 894 -Muddenphill, 948 -Mudh, 900 -Mudhkurkuttie, 903 -Mudhoolka, 902 -Mudhraa, 897 -Mug Peepul, 920 -Muggur, 918 -Mujeeth, 895 -Mukbara, also Mukhana, 923 -Muko, 919 -Mukoond, 917 -Mullagheer, 924 -Mulleen, 926 -Mulleka, 925 -Mundar, 931 -Munn, 928 -Munmal, 929 -Murdok, 979 -Murorphillie, 913 -Mursa, 911 -Murua, 907 -Musakunie, 952 -Musoor, 915 -Mustchagundka, 916 -Muttreegurba, 892 -Muttur 891 -Mydhasingie, 969 -Mynphill, 967 -Myoorjung, 970 - - -N. - -Naaoe, 983 -Nadey, 980 -Nagermotha, 981 -Nagbulla, 982 -Nagdown, 977 -Nagdumnie, 978 -Nagesur, 976 -Nainjooth, 1018 -Nalee, or Narie, 973 -Naringee, 975 -Naryit, 974 -Neeb, 1015 -Neel, 1013 -Neela Sindhuk, 1010 -Neela Totha, 1005 -Neelgau, 1017 -Neelasabood, 1014 -Neelkant, 1008 -Neelkunti, 1019 -Neelobe, 1016 -Neenboo, 1013 -Neendie, 1009 -Neenuk, 1006 -Neeturbala, 1004 -Nekund Baaperi, 998 -Nemuk Chitchera, 993 -Nemuk Kutchloon, 995 -Nemuk Soendha, 997 -Nemuk Soonchur, also Nemuk Sia, 994 -Nemuk Udhbidh, 996 -Nergoondie, 986 -Nerkutchoor, 985 -Newarrie, 1001 -Newla, 1007 -Neyrmellie, 987 -Nirbissie, 984 -Niswut, 988 -Nowllee, 1003 -Nowsader, 1002 -Nuk, 989 -Nukchecknie, 990 -Null, or Nullie, 992 -Nullwa, 991 -Nunahuld, also Mamerran 1000 -Nundbyrchun, or Nundbyrkha, 999 -Nypaul, also Nupaul Neib, 1011 - - -P. - -Pa·, 92 -Paadae, 101 -Paan, 110 -Padill, also Patill, 91 -Paethaon, also Culsi or Breshtpirnie, 128 -Pakur, also Pakull, 99 -Palass, also Pullae, 190 -Palass Peepul, 192 -Palewut, also Palook, 96 -Palug, 109 -Panee Amluk, 100 -Papeitha, 125 -Paperie, 103 -Papeyha, 127 -Papieha, 123 -Papotun, 124 -Para, or Parud, 112 -Parha, 106 -Pariss Peepol, also Palass Peepul, 111 -Parjath, or Parbhudder, 119 -Passownie, 278 -Patera, also PatËla, 130 -Patirr, 118 -Patole, 129 -Patung, 131 -Pechuck, 265 -Pedloon, also Kutchloon, 156 -Peease, 274 -Peeche, 280 -Peeloo, 272 -Peeplamool, 275 -Peepul, 269 -Peertuckhpirnie, 169 -Peeta, also Khunda, 277 -Peetul, 268 -Pendaloo, 205 -Peoke, or Peossie, 273 -Pereshtpurnie, 161 -Peroza, or Berektummun, 176 -Phaar, 251 -Phaloke, 260 -Phalisae, or Ph·lsa, 229 -Phankra, 253 -Phirrhud, 231 -Phitkerrie, 255 -Phoje, 234 -Phooth, 263 -Phunjeetuck, 240 -Pindaluck, or Pindal, 206 -Pindkhajoor, 208 -Pindole, 204 -Pithpapra, 133 -Pockurmool, 235 -Podeena, 228 -Podhka, or Boleserie, 222 -Poiey, 221 -Ponauk, 201 -Ponda, 226 -Poondereek, 211 -Potie, 224 -Potuck, 225 -Pudumcharnie, 154 -Pudmeinie, 153 -Pudumrauj, 155 -Pulwull, 193 -Punchcheer, 213 -Punealae, 220 -Pungekool, 214 -Punjemool, 215 -Punk, 202 -Punna, 209 -Punnus, 219 -Puns, 218 -Purbal, 167 -Purpeeloo, 159 -Purundha, 172 -Pursarnie, 173 -Pushanbedh, 187 -Putalphoorie, 140 -Putrudj, 132 -Puturjenie, 141 -Pynvar, or Toeroota, 200 -Pystha, 178 -Pysturling, 139 -Pytha, 179 - - -R. - -Raab, 477 -Raal, 483 -Raang, 482 -Rahusphill, 515 -Rai, 482 -Raibele, 486 -Raidooree, 488 -Rajehuns, 481 -Rajejakha, 480 -Rajeneemboophile, 485 -Raje Umber, 478 -Raje Ummur, 489 -Ramputtrie, 484 -Rashna, 487 -Rasie, 490 -Rassun. Also Raisun, or Rowasun, 479 -Rattaloo, also Runtaloo, 492 -Rawasun, 507 -Recktaal, or Rukitkund, 601 -Reech, 517 -Reenga, 518 -Reetha, 519 -Reewudj, 516 -Rekhbuk, Rekhbukh, or Rekhba, 500 -Rewind, 520 -Roheera, 514 -Rohni, 513 -Rohoo, 508 -Romus, or Mudwal, 512 -Roohus, 509 -Roodraz, 495 -Roodwunti, 495 -Rooi, 511 -Roopa, also Roopuk, 510 -Ruckitchunden, 502 -Rudd, 494 -Rukitphoop, 504 -Rukitsal, 503 -Rungni, 505 -Rungtirra, also Sungtirra, 506 -Russ, 497 -Russ Kapoor, 499 -Rusunjeen, 498 -Ruswut, 496 -Ruttun, 493 -Ruttunjooth, also Abookhoolsa, 491 - - -S. - -Saaje, 534 -Saal, 542 -Saale, 536 -Saalie, 532 -Saalpernie, or Saloom, 531 -Saaltie, also Kapoor Kutcherie, 533 -Saamp, 541 -Saarba, 527 -Sabur, 539 -Saeb, 634 -Sagown, or Saag, 530 -Sahidei, 619 -Sahunserbede, 617 -Salamookh, 537 -Saluk, or Salook, 529 -Sanbir, 526 -Saramill, Sarumluk, or Saral, 528 -Sarass, 540 -Saro, 538 -Satoon, 543 -Sawang, 535 -Sealie, 628 -Sebaloo, Sebalie, or Nindee, 589 -Sedarth, 554 -Seelidj, 632 -Seenaki, 629 -Seenku, 630 -Seep, or Seepie, 633 -Seetaphill, 635 -Segund Philla, 575 -Sehoond, 623 -Semb, also SÈme, 622 -Sembill, 621 -SendhÊ, 627 -Sendhi, 626 -Seotie, 631 -Sericbans, 563 -Seriepurnie, also Gumbar, 570 -Seriss, also Sereeka, 564 -Serje, 560 -Seroopbudder, 571 -Seroopjeea, 569 -Setawur, also Setawurie, or Shetawur, 549 -Setoopula, 548 -Shaldan, 637 -Shalook, 638 -Sheesha, 654 -Sheeshum, also Seeshum, 655 -Sheeta, 653 -Shehut, 652 -Sheobogun, 656 -Shereefa, also Seetaphill, 642 -Shetoot, 651 -Shitawuballie, 641 -Sholie, 649 -Shora, 650 -Shubbe, 639 -Shuftaloo, 643 -Shukur Javan, 644 -Shukur Kund, 645 -Shumie, also Seenkur, 646 -Shungirf, also Ingoor, 648 -Shunphopee, 647 -Shutawur, 640 -Sial, 625 -Sillajeet, also Silladeet, 577 -Sillaruss, 578 -Sindoor, 590 -Sindoorie, 585 -Singhara, 584 -Singia, or Singia Jur, also Singia Khar, or Beechnak, 636 -Sip Kullie, 544 -Sirool, 565 -Sirpund, 562 -Sirsom, or Seerkup, 566 -Sirunmaki, 568 -Sisoo, or Sishum, 624 -Sohaga, 620 -Sohora, 616 -Sohunjena, or Suhinjena, or Sajena, or Sekir, 618 -Somooder Lone, 581 -Somooder Phane, 580 -Somooderphill, 579 -Somoodersake, 582 -Somph, 605 -Sona, 604 -Sonamukie, 597 -Sonth, 606 -Soocherakhar, 553 -Sooderie, 610 -Sooe Junglie, 612 -Soogunass, 576 -Soomboolkhar, 591 -Soombullie, 599 -Soonchur, 608 -Soonkullie, 613 -Soopearee, 545 -Soopee, 603 -Soorinjoothka, 596 -Soorjemooki, 609 -Sooroon, 598 -Soorudijhall, 615 -Soorunkitki, 567 -Sooryalee, 561 -Soos, 600 -Soubustanee, 611 -Sowa, 607 -Sowall, 614 -Subskun, 546 -Sud Sohaung, 555 -Suda Khar, 556 -Sudagolab, 558 -Sudaphill, or Sudeephill, 557 -Suer, 601 -Suffrie Ambr, 574 -Sungjerahut, also Sungderaz, 594 -Sungjoothka, 595 -Sungkaholie, 586 -Sungtirra, 583 -Sunkh, 588 -Sunkhal, 593 -Sunkia, 592 -Sunn, 587 -Surphoka, also Soojer, 559 -Surwalla, 572 -Sussa, 573 -Sutarie, 547 -Suteepulas, 552 -Sutputtrie, 550 -Sutsar, 551 -Suwa, 602 - - -T. - -Taal, or Taar, 283 -Taalesputter, 284 -Taberuck, 286 -Takkur, 305 -Talmukara, or Talmukana, 282 -Tamaal, 312 -Tamaalputtur, 314 -Tanbirr, 285 -Tarkoota, or Terookhun, 294 -Tatyrie, 289 -Tawakeer, 320 -Tedhara, 292 -Teerun, 335 -Teetee, 337 -Teetur, 330 -Telk, 308 -Telkirur, or Telk˙r, 332 -Teluck, 307 -Tendhoo, also Tendook, 328 -Tendooa, 331 -Teraemanna, also Teraman, 229 -Terbile, 336 -Teriagundh, of Tirjatuck, 295 -Teroor, also great Dathun, 300 -Tersindiaturnie, 298 -Tesoo, 333 -Tezpat, 334 -Thour, 327 -Till, or Tillee, 309 -Tirdisha, 302 -Tirmirra, 297 -Tirnie, 301 -Tirpurnie, 304 -Tirtuck, 296 -Tittereck, also Tintereek, 290 -Tombrir, also Tombie, 321 -Toodun, 325 -Tooiekam, 324 -Toolsi, 310 -Toon, 315, 316 -Toor, 31 -Toott, 326 -Toour, 323 -Tubasheer, or Tubakeer, 287 -Tudje, also Keelkheela, 291 -Tuggur, 306 -Tomakoo, 311 -Tumbole, 318 -Tunkaar, 319 -Tuntureek, also Seem·k, 317 -Tuputtee, or Typsie, 288 -Turai, 322 -Turkool, 293 -Tym, 313 -Tyrphilla, 303 - - -V. - -Vaasun, also Bootee Shaikh Fureed, 1020 -Vcherkhar, 1021 -Veedoorie, also Bedoorie, 1022 -Veroojun, also Beroojun, 1023 - - -Z. - -Zachmeheath, 523 -Zeera, 521 -Zeerki, 522 -Zerki, also K·la Dana, 524 -Zumiekund, 525 - - - - - - - -APPENDIX. - - Page. - - Burning of hands and feet, 177 - Parts of human body, 178 - Tastes, ibid. - Secretions or humours, ibid. - Degrees, 179 - Weights, ibid. - Abbreviations, ibid. - - - -N. B. A few articles contained in the original work, viz. Medicines -principally used in sorcery and incantation, have been omitted with -the Translator's permission. This renders the succession of Nos. of the -articles irregular,--for instance, No. 72 follows next after No. 70. - -W. T. - - - - - - - - -NOTE - - -[1] Often tried with effect. - - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TALEEF SHEREEF *** - -***** This file should be named 53755-0.txt or 53755-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - https://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/7/5/53755/ - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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