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diff --git a/old/54054-0.txt b/old/54054-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0d06973..0000000 --- a/old/54054-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5110 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Historical Record of the Twelfth, or the East -Suffolk, Regiment of Foot, Containing an Account of the Formation of the -Regiment in 1685, and of Its Subsequent Services to 1847, by Richard Cannon - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Historical Record of the Twelfth, or the East Suffolk, Regiment of Foot, Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in 1685, and of Its Subsequent Services to 1847 - - -Author: Richard Cannon - - - -Release Date: January 26, 2017 [eBook #54054] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE TWELFTH, -OR THE EAST SUFFOLK, REGIMENT OF FOOT, CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE -FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1685, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO -1847*** - - -E-text prepared by Brian Coe, John Campbell, and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made -available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - - -Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this - file which includes the original illustrations. - See 54054-h.htm or 54054-h.zip: - (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54054/54054-h/54054-h.htm) - or - (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/54054/54054-h.zip) - - - Images of the original pages are available through - Internet Archive. See - https://archive.org/details/recordoftwentyfi00canniala - - -Transcriber's note: - - Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). - - A carat character is used to denote superscription. A - single character following the carat is superscripted - (example: SEPT^R). Multiple superscripted characters are - enclosed by curly brackets (example: 13^{TH}). - - More detail can be found at the end of the book. - - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD -OF -THE TWELFTH, OR THE EAST SUFFOLK, -REGIMENT OF FOOT, -CONTAINING -AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE -REGIMENT IN 1685, -AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES -TO 1847. - -Compiled by - -RICHARD CANNON, ESQ. - -Adjutant-General's Office, Horse Guards. - -Illustrated with Plates. - - - - - - -London: -Parker, Furnivall & Parker, -30 Charing Cross. - -M DCCC XLVIII. - -London: Printed by W. Clowes & Sons, Stamford Street, -for Her Majesty's Stationery Office. - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - - _HORSE-GUARDS_, - _1st January, 1836_. - -His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with a view of doing -the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who -have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the -Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British -Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction -of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the -following particulars, viz.:-- - - ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of - the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time - employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations - in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any - Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, - &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. - - ---- The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned - Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying - the Place and Date of the Action. - - ---- The Names of those Officers who, in consideration of their - Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the - Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other - Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. - - ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, - and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in - Action. - - And, - - ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been - permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges - or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honourable - - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend -upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service -are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that -any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which -alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to -incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have -preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that -have given rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -"London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on -the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their -orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill -and bravery; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour -of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in -future, keep a full and ample record of its services at home and -abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active -service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during -peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, -with little or no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which -so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services and of acts of -individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under His -Majesty's special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk -of the Adjutant General's Office; and while the perusal of them -cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every -rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and -information to the general reader, particularly to those who may -have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or -are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment -to everything belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a -narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the -valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with -a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race -of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood "firm -as the rocks of their native shore;" and when half the World has -been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained -by our countrymen, our brothers, our fellow-citizens in arms,--a -record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their -gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the -public. - -Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value -and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment -will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall -be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - -INTRODUCTION TO THE INFANTRY. - - -The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for -innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority -of the British troops over those of other countries has been -evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History contains -so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can -be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be -admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is -INTREPIDITY. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England -when their country was invaded by Julius Cæsar with a Roman army, -on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to -attack the Roman soldiers as they descended from their ships; and, -although their discipline and arms were inferior to those of their -adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated -the flower of the Roman troops, including Cæsar's favourite tenth -legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other -weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to the axles of -which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, -and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and -fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit, or retreat, -sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. -These inventions were, however, unavailing against Cæsar's -legions: in the course of time a military system, with discipline -and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being -thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full -development of the national character followed, and it shone forth -in all its native brilliancy. - -The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted principally of -infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on -horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The -former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords -and spears; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. -They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and -javelins. - -The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted -(as already stated in the Introduction to the Cavalry) almost -entirely of horse; but when the warlike barons and knights, with -their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a proportion -of men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior -degree, they proved stout-hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When -stipendiary troops were employed, infantry always constituted a -considerable portion of the military force; and this _arme_ has -since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never -exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. - -The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns -succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, -halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour -was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice -became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, -that it was almost impossible to slay them. - -The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive -purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth century, -produced a change in the arms and equipment of the infantry-soldier. -Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but -British archers continued formidable adversaries; and owing to the -inconvenient construction and imperfect bore of the fire-arms when -first introduced, a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow -from their youth, was considered a valuable acquisition to every -army, even as late as the sixteenth century. - -During a great part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth each company -of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways; in -every hundred men forty were "_men-at-arms_," and sixty "_shot_;" -the "men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle-axe men, and -thirty pikemen; and the "shot" were twenty archers, twenty -musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides -his principal weapon, a sword and dagger. - -Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 -to 300 men; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of -formation recommended by an English military writer (Sir John -Smithe) in 1590 was:--the colour in the centre of the company -guarded by the halberdiers; the pikemen in equal proportions, on -each flank of the halberdiers; half the musketeers on each flank -of the pikes; half the archers on each flank of the musketeers; -and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the -muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the -company for skirmishing.[1] It was customary to unite a number -of companies into one body, called a REGIMENT, which frequently -amounted to three thousand men; but each company continued to carry -a colour. Numerous improvements were eventually introduced in the -construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to -make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried -a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, -armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seventeenth -century: bows and arrows also fell into disuse, and the infantry -were reduced to two classes, viz.: _musketeers_, armed with -matchlock muskets, swords, and daggers; and _pikemen_, armed with -pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords. - -In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, -King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men; he -caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, -or in small wooden bandoliers, each containing a charge, to be -made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed -each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division -of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of forming four regiments -into a brigade; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to -three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his -infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen -and Austrian cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of -other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, -French, and other European states; but so great was the prejudice -in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not -adopted until near a century afterwards. - -In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-service, styled -the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually -consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light -firelocks. In this year the king added a company of men armed with -hand-grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was -designated the "grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to -fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets similar to those -at present in use were adopted about twenty years afterwards. - -An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James -II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers -(now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did -not carry pikes. - -King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the Second -Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. -During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (excepting -the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 -musketeers; the captains carried pikes; lieutenants, partisans; -ensigns, half-pikes; and serjeants, halberds. After the peace in -1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on -the breaking out of the war in 1702.[2] - -During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every -infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword; the -grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand-grenades; -and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour: -the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the army in this -reign. - -About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry -ceased to carry swords; during the reign of George II. light -companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of -General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside -their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the seven -years' war. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have -been limited to the musket and bayonet. - -The arms and equipment of the British troops have seldom differed -materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European -states; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, -been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they -have had to contend; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and -superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many -and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained -over very superior numbers. - -Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have -dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves -valiant with any arms. At _Creçy_, King Edward III., at the head -of about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip -King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 -men; here British valour encountered veterans of renown:--the -King of Bohemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles -were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten -years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the -Black Prince, defeated, at _Poictiers_, with 14,000 men, a French -army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of -France, and his son Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, -1415, King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although -greatly exhausted by marches, privations, and sickness, defeated, -at _Agincourt_, the Constable of France, at the head of the flower -of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, -and gained a complete victory. - -During the seventy years' war between the United Provinces of the -Netherlands and the Spanish monarchy, which commenced in 1578 and -terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the -States-General were celebrated for their unconquerable spirit and -firmness;[3] and in the thirty years' war between the Protestant -Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British troops in the -service of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of -heroism.[4] In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British -army under the great MARLBOROUGH was spread throughout the world; -and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory -of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons -of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the -qualities which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of -the brave men, of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in -Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French -army, which had been vainly styled _Invincible_, to evacuate that -country; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous -campaigns in the Peninsula, under the immortal WELLINGTON; and -the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where -Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great -Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means -he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to -their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British -Government. These achievements, with others of recent dates in the -distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy -which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Creçy, Poictiers, -Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons -of the nineteenth century. - -The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular -frame,--intrepidity which no danger can appal,--unconquerable -spirit and resolution,--patience in fatigue and privation, and -cheerful obedience to his superiors. These qualities, united with -an excellent system of order and discipline to regulate and give -a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of -the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to -command, whose presence inspires confidence,--have been the leading -causes of the splendid victories gained by the British arms.[5] -The fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the -various battle-fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought -and conquered, surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory; -these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of -time. - -The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a -detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the -hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in -the various parts of the world where the calls of their Country -and the commands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed -in the execution of their duty, whether in active continental -operations, or in maintaining colonial territories in distant and -unfavourable climes. - -The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set -forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest -commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and movements -of this _arme_, as at present practised, while they are adapted -to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations -and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the -brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and -scientific principles. Although the movements and evolutions have -been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements -have from time to time been introduced, to insure that simplicity -and celerity by which the superiority of the national military -character is maintained. The rank and influence which Great Britain -has attained among the nations of the world, have in a great -measure been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons -who have the welfare of their country at heart, the records of the -several regiments cannot fail to prove interesting. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] A company of 200 men would appear thus:-- - - __| - | | - |__| - | - 20 20 20 30 2|0 30 20 20 20 - Harquebuses. Muskets. Halberds. Muskets. Harquebuses. - Archers. Pikes. Pikes. Archers. - - -The musket carried a ball which weighed 1/10 of a pound; and the -harquebus a ball which weighed 1/25 of a pound. - -[2] The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps -in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign -of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under -Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and -in its subsequent defence in 1704; they were afterwards employed at -the siege of Barcelona in 1705. - -[3] The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed -in 1590, observes:--"I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation -would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the -field, let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the -Spanish infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. -For instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during -the Seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third -Foot, or Buffs. - -[4] Vide the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of -Foot. - -[5] "Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes -the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in -Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but -His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed -on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a -strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which -has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and -has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national -military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under -circumstances of peculiar difficulty."--_General Orders in 1801._ - -In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope -(afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the -successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, -1809, it is stated:--"On no occasion has the undaunted valour of -British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a -severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority -which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired -the efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be -encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the -troops themselves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever -advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is -inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows -not how to yield,--that no circumstances can appal,--and that will -ensure victory, when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any -human means." - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE TWELFTH, OR THE EAST SUFFOLK, - - REGIMENT OF FOOT, - - CONTAINING - - AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT - IN 1685, - - AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES - TO 1847. - - COMPILED BY - RICHARD CANNON, ESQ. - ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HORSE GUARDS. - - ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. - - LONDON: - PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, - 30 CHARING CROSS. - - M DCCC XLVIII. - - - - - LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES & SONS, STAMFORD STREET, - FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. - - - - - THE TWELFTH, OR THE EAST SUFFOLK, - - REGIMENT OF FOOT - - BEARS ON ITS REGIMENTAL COLOUR - - THE WORD _MINDEN_; THE WORD _GIBRALTAR_, - - With the _Castle and Key_ and the Motto, _Montis Insignia Calpé_; - - AND THE WORDS - - "SERINGAPATAM" AND "INDIA;" - - IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS DISTINGUISHED SERVICES - - AT THE BATTLE OF _MINDEN_ - ON THE 1st AUGUST, 1759; - - IN THE GLORIOUS DEFENCE OF _GIBRALTAR_ - FROM THE YEAR 1779 TO 1782; - - AT THE STORMING AND CAPTURE OF _SERINGAPATAM_ - ON THE 4th MAY, 1799; - - and of its Gallant Conduct on many arduous Duties in INDIA - from the Year 1798 to 1807. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - Year Page - - 1685 Formation of the Regiment 1 - - 1686 Station and Establishment 2 - - ---- Arms and Uniform 3 - - 1687 Names of the Officers 4 - - 1688 Assembled on Hounslow-heath - - - 1689 Inspected at Hull after the Revolution 5 - - ---- Embarked for Ireland 6 - - ---- Engaged at the Siege of Carrickfergus - - - ---- Advanced to Dundalk - - - ---- Death of its Colonel, Henry Wharton, and of - many soldiers by disease 7 - - 1690 Engaged at Cavan 8 - - ---- ---- the battle of the Boyne 9 - - ---- ---- the siege of Waterford - - - ---- ---- the first siege of Limerick - - - ---- ---- Lanesborough - - - 1691 Marched to Mullingar 10 - - ---- Engaged with the Rapparees -- - - ---- ---- at the siege of Ballymore 11 - - ---- ---- at the storming of Athlone -- - - ---- ---- at the battle of Aghrim -- - - ---- ---- at the siege of Galway 12 - - ---- Surrender of Limerick, and termination of the - war in Ireland -- - - ---- Embarked from Kinsale for Plymouth 13 - - 1692 ---- for the coast of France -- - - ---- Proceeded to Ostend, and took possession of - Furnes and Dixmude -- - - ---- Returned to England -- - - 1693 Remained in England -- - - 1694 Embarked for Flanders 13 - - ---- Engaged at the siege of Huy 14 - - 1695 ---- ---- ---- attack on Fort Kenoque -- - - ---- ---- ---- ---- defence of Dixmude -- - - ---- Surrender of Dixmude to the French 15 - - ---- Released from Prisoners of War and placed - in garrison at Malines -- - - 1696 Marched to Ostend and Bruges 16 - - ---- Encamped and stationed in and near Bruges -- - - 1697 Marched to Brabant -- - - ---- Encamped before Brussels 17 - - ---- Peace of Ryswick -- - - ---- Returned to England -- - - 1699 Proceeded to Ireland -- - - 1702 War with France and Spain -- - - 1703 Embarked for the West Indies 18 - - 1704 Proceeded to Jamaica -- - - 1705 Returned to England -- - - 1708 Embarked as Marines 19 - - ---- Landed at Ostend -- - - ---- Employed to escort ammunition, &c. to the army - besieging Lisle 20 - - ---- Surrender of Lisle 21 - - 1709 Returned to England -- - - 1710 Reviewed at Portsmouth -- - - 1712 Embarked for Spain -- - - 1713 Peace of Utrecht -- - - ---- Proceeded to Minorca 22 - - 1719 Returned to England from Minorca -- - - 1722 Reviewed by King George I. -- - - 1739 Remained in England twenty years -- - - 1740 Embarked as Marines -- - - 1742 -------- for Flanders 23 - - 1743 Marched to Germany -- - - ---- Engaged at the battle of Dettingen -- - - 1743 Returned to Flanders 24 - - 1744 Engaged in operations on the Scheldt -- - - 1745 Advanced to the relief of Tournay -- - - ---- Engaged at the battle of Fontenoy 25 - - ---- Casualties at the battle of Fontenoy 26 - - ---- Returned to England 27 - - ---- Engaged in suppressing the Rebellion -- - - 1746 Proceeded to Scotland -- - - 1747 Returned to England 28 - - 1748 Embarked for Holland -- - - ---- Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle -- - - ---- Returned to England -- - - 1749 Embarked for Minorca -- - - 1751 Royal Warrant issued for regulating Clothing, - Colours, &c. -- - - 1752 Returned to England 29 - - 1755 Commencement of the Seven years' War with France -- - - 1757 Second Battalion added to establishment -- - - 1758 Second Battalion constituted the 65th Regiment -- - - ---- Embarked for Germany 30 - - ---- Marched into quarters at Munster -- - - 1759 Battle of Minden 31 - - ---- Royal Authority to bear the word "MINDEN" on the - colours and appointments 33 - - ---- Entered cantonments at Osnaburg 34 - - 1760 Arrived at Paderborn -- - - ---- Encamped at Fritzlar 34 - - ---- ----------- Kalle -- - - ---- Marched to engage the French at Warbourg -- - - ---- Went into quarters at Paderborn 35 - - 1761 Advanced into Hesse -- - - ---- Engaged at Kirch Denkern, &c. -- - - 1762 ---------- Groebenstein and Wilhelmsthal 36 - - ---- ---------- Lutterberg -- - - 1762 Engaged at Homburg 37 - - ---- ---------- the siege of Cassel -- - - 1763 Peace of Fontainbleau -- - - ---- Returned to England -- - - 1764 Proceeded to Scotland -- - - 1769 Embarked for Gibraltar 38 - - 1779 Attack of Gibraltar by the Spaniards -- - - 1780} {39 - 1781} Siege and Defence continued {to - 1782} {47 - - 1783 Returned to England 48 - - ---- Styled the East Suffolk Regiment -- - - 1784 Reviewed at Windsor by King George III. -- - - 1788 Proceeded to Jersey and Guernsey 49 - - 1790 Embarked as Marines -- - - ---- Returned to Portsmouth -- - - 1791 Embarked for Ireland -- - - 1793 Flank companies embarked for the West Indies -- - - 1794 --------------- engaged at Martinico 50 - - ---- -------------------------- St. Lucia -- - - ---- -------------------------- Guadaloupe -- - - ---- Battalion companies embarked for Flanders 51 - - ---- Engaged at Werwick, and on the Lys -- - - ---- ------- in the relief of Ypres 52 - - ---- ------- near Boxtel 53 - - ---- Retired beyond the river Maese 54 - - 1795 Returned from Holland 55 - - ---- Flank companies returned from the West Indies -- - - ---- Embarked on an expedition for the coast of France -- - - 1796 Embarked for the East Indies 56 - - 1797 Arrived at Madras -- - - ---- Embarked for Manilla -- - - ---- Returned to Madras 57 - - 1798 Proceeded to Tanjore in the Carnatic 58 - - 1799 Engaged in operations against Tippoo Saib 59 - - ---- Advanced against Seringapatam 60 - - ---- Action near Malleville -- - - ---- Storming and Capture of Seringapatam 65 - - ---- Received the Royal Authority to bear the word - "SERINGAPATAM" on the colours and appointments 70 - - 1800 Proceeded against the tribes of the Wynaad country 71 - - 1801 Returned to Seringapatam -- - - ---- Proceeded to Trichinopoly -- - - 1802 Two companies returned from Java 72 - - ---- Three companies employed against the - Polygans -- - - 1805 Marched to Seringapatam -- - - 1807 Proceeded to Cannanore -- - - 1808 Embarked for the port of Coulan in the Travancore - country 73 - - ---- Serjeant Tilsey and 33 men destroyed - by the Natives 74 - - ---- Operations in the Travancore country 75 - - ---- Returned to Seringapatam 81 - - ---- Proceeded to Trichinopoly -- - - 1810 Flank companies proceeded against the Isle of Bourbon 81 - - ---- Embarked against the Mauritius, or the Isle of France 82 - - ---- Capture of the Mauritius 83 - - 1811 Stationed at the Mauritius 85 - - 1812 Second Battalion added to the Establishment and - embarked for Ireland -- - - 1813 First Battalion proceeded from the Mauritius to the - Isle of Bourbon -- - - 1814 Island of Bourbon restored to France 86 - - 1815 Proceeded to the Island of Mauritius on its being - retained as a Colony of Great Britain -- - - 1815 Second Battalion returned to England, and embarked - for Flanders 86 - - ---- ---------------- advanced to Paris -- - - 1816 ---------------- returned to England, and proceeded - to Ireland 87 - - ---- First Battalion continued at the Mauritius -- - - 1817 --------------- returned to England -- - - ---- --------------- proceeded to Ireland -- - - 1818 Second Battalion reduced, and incorporated with - the First Battalion 88 - - 1820 Embarked for England -- - - 1821 Proceeded to Portsmouth, and thence to Jersey and - Guernsey -- - - 1823 Returned to England 89 - - ---- Embarked for Gibraltar -- - - 1825 Augmented to ten Companies, six Service, and four - Depôt Companies -- - - 1827 Presentation of new colours with the authorised - Inscriptions conferred as Honourable Distinctions -- - - 1828 Casualties from an epidemic disease at Gibraltar 90 - - 1834 Returned to England 91 - - 1835 Embarked for Ireland -- - - 1837 Formed into six Service, and four Depôt Companies, - and embarked for the Mauritius -- - - 1838 Depôt Companies remained in Ireland -- - - 1839 Augmentation of the Establishment -- - - ---- Depôt Companies embarked for Wales -- - - 1840 --------------- proceeded to Scotland -- - - 1841 --------------- returned to South Britain -- - - 1842 Augmentation to two Battalions 92 - - 1843 Reserve Battalion arrived at the Mauritius -- - - 1847 First Battalion Embarked for England -- - - 1848 The Conclusion -- - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. - - - Year Page - - 1685 Henry Duke of Norfolk 93 - - 1686 Edward Earl of Lichfield 94 - - 1688 Robert Lord Hunsdon 95 - - ---- Henry Wharton -- - - 1689 Richard Brewer 96 - - 1702 John Livesay -- - - 1712 Richard Phillips 97 - - 1717 Thomas Stanwix -- - - 1725 Thomas Whetham 98 - - 1741 Scipio Duroure 99 - - 1745 Henry Skelton -- - - 1757 Robert Napier -- - - 1766 Henry Clinton 100 - - 1779 William Picton 101 - - 1811 Charles Hastings, Bart. 102 - - 1823 Hon. Robert Meade 103 - - -PLATES. - - Costume of the Regiment _to face_ 1 - - Colours of the Regiment " 28 - - Attack of Gibraltar in 1782 " 48 - - Storming and Capture of Seringapatam in 1799 " 70 - - -[Illustration: _Madelay Lith. 3 Wellington S^t Strand._ - -TWELFTH FOOT. - -1848. - -_For Cannons Military Records._] - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF - -THE TWELFTH, OR THE EAST SUFFOLK - -REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - -[Sidenote: 1685] - -After the Restoration in 1660, when King Charles II. had disbanded -the army of the commonwealth, a number of non-regimented companies -of foot were embodied for garrisoning the fortified towns, and one -company was constantly stationed at Windsor, to furnish a guard at -the castle. This company sent a detachment to Virginia in 1676. -It was commanded by HENRY DUKE OF NORFOLK, Governor and Constable -of Windsor Castle, and was united to several companies raised in -the summer of 1685, and constituted a regiment, of which the DUKE -OF NORFOLK was appointed Colonel, by commission dated the 20th of -June, 1685. This regiment having been retained in the service to -the present time, now bears the title of the TWELFTH, OR THE EAST -SUFFOLK, regiment of foot. - -The formation of this regiment was occasioned by the rebellion -of James Duke of Monmouth, who assembled an army in the west of -England to support his pretensions to the throne; and King James -II. found it necessary to make a considerable augmentation to the -regular army. The companies, of which the regiment was composed, -were raised in Norfolk, Suffolk, and the adjoining counties, by -Henry Duke of Norfolk, Captains Henry Wharton, Charles Macartney, -Dominick Trant, Jasper Patson, Charles Howard, Francis Blathwayt, -Sir Alphonso de Mottetts, and George Trapp: the general rendezvous -of the regiment was at Norwich, and as the several companies were -formed, they were quartered at Norwich, Yarmouth, and Lynn. - -[Sidenote: 1686] - -The formation of the regiment was not completed when the rebel -army was defeated at Sedgemoor, and the Duke of Monmouth was -captured soon afterwards, and beheaded; but King James resolved -to retain the newly raised corps in his service, and the Duke of -Norfolk's regiment was ordered to march to London. It was quartered -a few days, in the beginning of August, in the Tower Hamlets, and -afterwards encamped on Hounslow-heath, where it was reviewed by -the King. In the beginning of September the regiment marched into -garrison at Portsmouth. - -On the 1st January, 1686, the establishment was fixed at the -numbers and rates of pay as shown in the next page. - -Leaving Portsmouth in May, 1686, the regiment proceeded to -Hounslow, and pitched its tents on the heath, where a numerous army -was assembled; and while at this camp the colonelcy was conferred -on EDWARD EARL OF LICHFIELD, by commission dated the 14th of June, -1686. - -At the camp on Hounslow-heath, the Earl of Lichfield's regiment -was stationed in the centre of the line of infantry; it was -distinguished by its _white_ colours bearing the red cross of St. -George; the soldiers wore broad-brimmed hats, with the brim turned -up on one side, and ornamented with white ribands; scarlet coats -lined with white; blue breeches, blue stockings, and high shoes -with square toes; and the pikemen, of whom there were twelve in -each company, wore white sashes round their waists. - - +------------------------------------------+--------------+ - | THE DUKE OF NORFOLK'S REGIMENT OF FOOT. | Pay per Day. | - +------------------------------------------+--------------+ - | STAFF. | £. _s._ _d._ | - | | | - | The Colonel, _as Colonel_ | 0 12 0 | - | Lieut.-Colonel, _as Lieut.-Colonel_ | 0 7 0 | - | Major, _as Major_ | 0 5 0 | - | Chaplain | 0 6 8 | - | Chirurgeon 4_s._ and 1 Mate 2_s._ 6_d._ | 0 6 6 | - | Adjutant | 0 4 0 | - | Quarter-Master and Marshal | 0 4 0 | - | +--------------+ - | Total Staff | 2 5 2 | - | +--------------+ - | | | - | THE COLONEL'S COMPANY. | | - | | | - | The Colonel, as Captain | 0 8 0 | - | Lieutenant | 0 4 0 | - | Ensign | 0 3 0 | - | Two Sergeants, 1_s._ 6_d._ each | 0 3 0 | - | Three Corporals, 1_s._ each | 0 3 0 | - | One Drummer | 0 1 0 | - | Fifty Soldiers, 8_d._ each | 1 13 4 | - | +--------------+ - | Total for one Company | 2 15 4 | - | +--------------+ - | Nine Companies more at the same rate | 24 18 0 | - | +--------------+ - | Total | 29 18 6 | - | Per Annum £10,922 12_s._ 6_d._ | | - +------------------------------------------+--------------+ - -After passing in review before the King several times, and -receiving the expressions of His Majesty's approbation, the -regiment struck its tents on the 10th of August, when two companies -proceeded to Windsor, three to Tilbury-fort, and the remainder to -Jersey and Guernsey. - -[Sidenote: 1687] - -A grenadier company was added to the regiment when it pitched its -tents on Hounslow-heath in the summer of 1687, at which period the -following officers were holding commissions, viz.:-- - - _Captains._ - - Edward Earl of Lichfield (col). - Thomas Salisbury (lieut.-col). - George Trapp (major). - Dominick Trant. - Charles Macartney. - Sir A. de Mottetts. - Francis Blathwayt. - Henry Wharton. - John Berners. - Thomas Dowcett. - Thomas Lord Jermyn. - - _Lieutenants._ - - Charles Potts. - Charles Houston. - Edward Rupert. - Robert Doughty. - John Cuthbert. - William Fisher. - Alexander Waugh. - Robert Stourson. - James Seppens. - John Broder. - George Raleigh. } - Elric Le Mountay.} Grenadier company. - - _Ensigns._ - - James Carlisle. - Henry Bows. - John Beverly. - Ferdinand Paris. - Valentine Saunders. - Isaac Foxley. - Daniel Mahony. - Richard Waldegrave. - William Timperly. - Miles Bourk. - - William Denny, _Chaplain_. - John Ross, _Chirurgeon_. - John Blakes, _Adjutant_. - James Healy, _Quarter-Master_. - -[Sidenote: 1688] - -The frequent assembling of a numerous army, admired for its -perfect equipment, discipline, and formidable appearance, on -Hounslow-heath, was calculated to impress the English nation with -a sense of the King's power, and to facilitate the overthrow -of the religion and laws of the kingdom, which His Majesty had -determined to accomplish. His Majesty resolved to make a trial of -the disposition of his soldiers, to gain them over to the support -of his measures; thinking, if one regiment could be induced to give -a promise of implicit obedience, its example would be followed by -the other corps. Accordingly in the summer of 1688, soon after the -Earl of Lichfield's regiment had pitched its tents on the heath, -it was formed on parade in presence of His Majesty; a short speech -was made to the officers and soldiers to induce them to give an -unreserved pledge, and the major was directed to call upon all who -would not support the repeal of the test and penal laws, to lay -down their muskets; when the King was surprised and disappointed at -seeing the whole ground their arms, excepting two officers and a -very few soldiers, who were Roman Catholics. After some pause His -Majesty commanded them to take up their arms, telling them that for -the future he would not do them the honour of asking their opinions. - -The conduct of the King occasioned the nobility and gentry to -solicit the Prince of Orange to come to England with a Dutch -army, and when the crisis arrived, His Majesty discovered that -his soldiers had as much aversion to papacy and an arbitrary -government, as his other subjects. - -Soon after the Prince of Orange had landed, the Earl of Lichfield -was removed to the first foot guards, and was succeeded in the -colonelcy by Robert Lord Hunsdon, whose commission was dated the -30th of November, 1688. - -After the flight of King James to France, Lord Hunsdon refused to -take the required oath to the Prince of Orange, and His Highness -conferred the colonelcy of the regiment on HENRY WHARTON, a gallant -officer and a zealous protestant, who raised one of the companies -of the regiment at its formation, and possessed the confidence and -affection of the officers and soldiers: at the same time Captain -Richard Brewer, from the fourteenth regiment of foot, was promoted -to the lieut-colonelcy. - -[Sidenote: 1689] - -In the beginning of 1689 the regiment was stationed in Oxfordshire: -it afterwards proceeded to Hull, where it was inspected, on the -28th of May, by the commissioners for remodelling the army. - -The elevation of the Prince and Princess of Orange to the throne, -under the title of King William and Queen Mary, was resisted in -Ireland; and King James arrived in that country, with a body of -troops, from France. King William sent an army thither, under -Marshal Duke Schomberg, to rescue that part of his dominions -from the power of the Roman Catholics, and the TWELFTH regiment, -commanded by Colonel HENRY WHARTON, was selected to take part in -this service. - -Embarking from England in the early part of August, the regiment -arrived in Ireland in the middle of that month; it landed near -Bangor, in the county of Down, without opposition, and encamped on -the beach. The fortress of Carrickfergus was garrisoned by King -James's troops, who were summoned, but refused to surrender; and -the first service performed by the regiment, in the field, was the -siege of that place. - -A practicable breach having been made in the works, the regiment -was under arms at six o'clock on the morning of the 27th of August, -to take part in storming the town. The soldiers had arrived at the -trenches, and Colonel Wharton stood with a pike in his hand ready -to give the signal for the attack, when the Irish displayed a white -flag on the walls, and agreed to surrender. Story states, in his -History of the Wars in Ireland, 'Colonel Wharton lay before the -breach with his regiment, and was ready to enter, when the Duke -sent to command his men to forbear, which, with some difficulty, -they were induced to do, for they had a great mind to enter by -force.' - -After the surrender of Carrickfergus, the regiment advanced with -the army to Dundalk, and the Duke Schomberg, believing King -James's forces were more than double his own in numbers, formed -an entrenched camp. The situation of this camp was particularly -unfavourable; the ground was low, and the weather proving wet, -the infantry regiments lost many men from disease. The TWELFTH -sustained a very serious loss in non-commissioned officers -and soldiers; and on the morning of the 28th of October their -commanding officer, the gallant Colonel Henry Wharton, died. -This officer is represented by historians as possessing a noble -disposition, refined understanding, and lofty sentiments of honour, -which, added to a tall graceful person, and a gallant bearing, -occasioned him to be admired and beloved by the officers and -soldiers of his regiment. Story states,--'Colonel Wharton was a -brisk, bold man, and had a regiment that would have followed him -anywhere, for the officers and soldiers loved him, and this made -him ready to push on upon all occasions.... He was of a comely -handsome person, gifted with a rare understanding.' Colonel Sir -Thomas Gower died on the preceding day, and the remains of these -two officers were interred, on the 30th of October, in a vault in -Dundalk church, their regiments attending and firing three volleys. - -King William promoted the lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, -RICHARD BREWER, to the colonelcy, by commission dated the 1st of -November, 1689. - -On the 7th of November the regiment struck its tents and marched -towards Armagh; and it was employed on various services during the -winter. - -[Sidenote: 1690] - -In February, 1690, the regiment was stationed at Belturbet, with -the Inniskilling horse and dragoons (now sixth), and the Queen -Dowager's foot (now second); and information having been received -that the enemy was assembling a body of troops at _Cavan_, Colonel -Wolseley left Belturbet on the night of the 10th of February, -with three hundred horse and dragoons, and seven hundred foot of -the second and TWELFTH regiments, to surprise the enemy in his -quarters. Encountering difficulties on the march, the day had -dawned before the Colonel came in sight of Cavan, when he was -surprised at discovering four thousand Irish soldiers, commanded -by the Duke of Berwick, formed on a rising ground to oppose him. -The Colonel had only one thousand tired soldiers[6] to attack -four thousand fresh opponents with, but trusting to the valour of -his men, he sent the cavalry forward to commence the action. The -enemy's cavalry drove back the Inniskilling dragoons; but a volley -from the English musketeers, brought down ten Irish horsemen, -and the survivors fell back. Wolseley's infantry formed line and -advanced: arriving within pistol-shot of their opponents, they -opened a sharp fire with good effect, and after a few volleys, drew -their swords to charge, but on the smoke clearing, they discovered -that their opponents had fled. Pursuing the fugitives, they entered -the town, and finding stores of necessaries and provisions, they -halted to possess themselves of the booty; when the Irish rallied -and resumed the fight, but were repulsed by the reserve. After the -action the troops returned to Belturbet. - -A numerous body of recruits from England replaced the losses of -the regiment, and in June it brought five hundred musketeers, one -hundred and sixty pikemen, and sixty grenadiers into the field, to -serve under King William III., who commanded the army in Ireland in -person. - -The TWELFTH regiment, commanded by Colonel Brewer, had the honour -of taking part at the forcing of the passage of the _Boyne_ on the -1st of July: it formed part of the main body under King William -III., and after fording the river, engaged King James's army, and -contributed to the gaining of a decisive victory. After the loss -of this battle, King James fled to France; but the Irish Roman -Catholics, aided by the French troops, adhered to his interest. - -From the field of battle the regiment accompanied King William to -Dublin; it afterwards proceeded to Limerick, but on arriving at -Carrick-on-Suir, it was detached, under Major General Kirke, to -besiege _Waterford_: the garrison of this place surrendered without -waiting for an attack. - -King William afterwards besieged _Limerick_; but King James's -soldiers made a more resolute defence than appears to have been -expected, and His Majesty was induced to raise the siege, and send -the troops into quarters. - -The TWELFTH regiment was employed in various services during the -winter, and detached parties of the corps had several rencounters -with the bands of armed peasantry called _Rapparees_. Towards the -end of December, the regiment was in motion against the enemy, and -on the 31st of that month it approached the town of _Lanesborough_, -when it encountered some opposition from a body of Irish troops -formed up to oppose its advance. Colonel Brewer led the regiment -forward with great gallantry; some sharp fighting ensued, and the -enemy was driven from the trenches cut across the road, through the -town, and across the river. The TWELFTH were unable to follow their -opponents for want of boats or other means to cross the stream. - -[Sidenote: 1691] - -From Lanesborough the regiment marched to Mullingar, of which place -its commanding officer, Colonel BREWER, was appointed governor. The -quarters of the regiment were infested with parties of armed Roman -Catholic peasantry, called rapparees, and on the 28th of April, -Colonel Brewer advanced with six hundred men of the TWELFTH and -eighteenth regiments, and twenty dragoons, towards the castle of -_Donore_, beyond which place two thousand rapparees had taken post -and occupied a number of huts. At daybreak the following morning -the soldiers arrived at the quarters of the rapparees, who formed -for battle on the hills; but when the musketeers of the TWELFTH and -eighteenth advanced to commence the action, the enemy fled; the -soldiers pursued some distance, and killed fifty of the fugitives. - -Parties of rapparees continued to hover round Mullingar, and on the -2nd of May, they intercepted a serjeant and four soldiers of the -TWELFTH regiment between that place and _Kinnegad_; they put the -serjeant and three of the soldiers to death, and put out the eyes -of the fourth soldier. Three of the perpetrators of this cruelty -were captured; two of them were hanged on the spot, and the third, -to save his life, guided Captain Poynes and a hundred soldiers of -the regiment, to one of the lurking-places of the rapparees, where -the men of the TWELFTH fell suddenly upon a large company of these -marauders, killed forty, dispersed the remainder, and recovered a -quantity of property, which had been taken from the Protestants. - -Towards the end of May, one division of the army encamped at -Mullingar, where General De Ginkell arrived and assumed the command. - -From Mullingar the army advanced to the fort of _Ballymore_, which -was besieged, and surrendered on the 8th of June. - -After repairing the breaches of Ballymore, and putting the place in -a state of defence, the army advanced to _Athlone_, and on the 20th -of June, the regiment was ordered to support the storming party -at the attack of the Westmeath side of the town. Major-General -Mackay commanded the troops employed on this service, and after -making the necessary arrangements for the attack, took his post on -the battery to see the issue, when he observed that the advanced -party had missed its way and halted. He instantly hastened to the -TWELFTH regiment, and taking the first captain he came to by the -hand, pointed the way to the breach. The regiment immediately -rushed forward, stormed the breach in gallant style, and overcoming -the resistance of the Irish, drove them across the bridge to the -Connaught side of the town. - -Several batteries were raised against the works on the Connaught -side of the river, and the grenadier company of the TWELFTH was -engaged in forcing the passage of the Shannon, and in capturing -the town by storm, on the 30th of June, which was a most desperate -service, and was performed with distinguished valour and -intrepidity. - -The Irish army, commanded by a French officer of talent and -reputation, General St. Ruth, took up a position near _Aghrim_, -where it was attacked on the 12th of July. During the action, -Major-General Mackay ordered the TWELFTH, and three other -regiments, to pass a difficult bog, ford a rivulet, and drive -the Irish from behind the hedges of the nearest enclosures. The -soldiers waded through the bog and rivulet, which was waist deep, -and drove the Irish out of the first enclosures in gallant style. -They afterwards pressed forward with too much ardour, before -the troops designed to support them had arrived, and becoming -insulated, they were attacked in front and on both flanks by very -superior numbers, and driven back to the edge of the bog. The Irish -followed, shouting and plying them with musketry; but a support -arriving under Major-General Talmash, the four regiments faced -about, repulsed their pursuers, and by a spirited effort recovered -their lost ground; the cavalry passed the bog near the castle of -Aghrim, and by a determined charge completed the overthrow of the -Irish army: the French general, St. Ruth, was killed towards the -close of the action by a cannon-ball. - -The TWELFTH regiment had one major, one captain, one ensign, and a -number of private soldiers killed, one lieutenant, and seven rank -and file wounded. - -The regiment afterwards marched with the army to _Galway_, and -formed part of the force employed in the siege of that place, which -surrendered on the 21st, and was delivered up on the 26th of July. -Major-General Bellasis was appointed governor of Galway, and the -TWELFTH, twenty-second, and twenty-third regiments were selected to -form the garrison of that fortress. - -During the remainder of the campaign, the TWELFTH regiment was -stationed at Galway; and in the autumn, the war in Ireland was -terminated by the surrender of Limerick, which delivered that -country from the power of King James the Second. - -The conquest of Ireland enabled King William to withdraw several -regiments from thence to strengthen the allied army in the -Netherlands, assembled to oppose the progress of the French -conquests in that country. The TWELFTH regiment marched from -Galway on the 23rd of November, embarked at Kinsale towards the -end of that month, and sailed to Plymouth, where it landed in the -beginning of December. - -[Sidenote: 1692] - -During the summer of 1692, the regiment was selected to form part -of an expedition against the coast of France, under the command -of the Duke of Leinster: it embarked at Southampton, and the -expedition menaced the French coast at several places, occasioning -much alarm; but the French had assembled so great a number of -regiments to oppose the descent, that a council of war decided -against landing. The troops afterwards sailed to Ostend, where -they landed, and being joined by a detachment from the confederate -army under King William III., they took possession of the towns -of Furnes and Dixmude, which they fortified, to be occupied as -frontier posts during the winter. After these places were put in a -state of defence, the regiment returned to England. - -[Sidenote: 1693] - -During the year 1693, the regiment remained in Great Britain; but -the loss of the battle of Landen, by King William, rendered it -necessary for the confederate army in Flanders to be augmented, and -Colonel Brewer's was one of the regiments selected to proceed on -service. - -[Sidenote: 1694] - -The regiment embarked for Flanders in the spring of 1694; it was -stationed at Malines a short time, and afterwards formed part of -the escort which accompanied the train of artillery to the army at -Tirlemont, where it arrived on the 6th of June; on the 10th the -regiment was reviewed by the King, who expressed his approbation -of its appearance and discipline. It was formed in brigade with a -battalion of the Royal, the third, fourth, seventh, and nineteenth -regiments, under Brigadier-General Erle, and was engaged in -the toilsome operations of the campaign, which was passed in -manœuvring, without a general engagement. The regiment formed part -of the covering army during the siege of Huy, and after the capture -of this fortress it was stationed at Bruges. - -[Sidenote: 1695] - -The progress of the French conquests had been arrested, and in -1694 the current of success flowed in favour of the Confederates. -In 1695, King William resolved to undertake the siege of Namur. As -a preparative measure, the TWELFTH, and several other regiments, -marched to Dixmude, in May; in June an attack was made on the fort -of _Kenoque_,--a strong post situate at the junction of the Loo and -Dixmude canals, to draw the French forces to that part of their -line of fortifications. The TWELFTH were engaged in this attack; -and they were formed in brigade with the fourteenth, fifteenth, -and seventeenth regiments, under Colonel Leslie; they had several -men killed and wounded. The French troops having taken post -behind their lines, leaving _Namur_ exposed, the King seized the -favourable moment and invested the town. The attack on fort Kenoque -was then discontinued, and the TWELFTH marched into garrison at -_Dixmude_, where three British and five Dutch regiments of foot, -and the Queen's (now third) dragoons, were stationed under a Dutch -officer,--_Major-General Ellemberg_. - -A powerful French army, commanded by Marshal Villeroy, approached -the town of Dixmude, and on the 15th of July the place was invested -by a strong division under General de Montal. The trenches were -opened on the same night, and on the following day a battery of -eight guns and three mortars commenced a heavy fire. The works -beginning to crumble under fire, Major-General Ellemberg called -a council of war of the commanding officers of regiments, and -suggested the necessity of surrendering, using, at the same time, -various arguments to induce the other officers to agree to his -proposal. Colonel Brewer, of the TWELFTH foot, remonstrated against -this measure, and recommended a resolute defence of the town to -the last extremity; but a majority in the council of war voted for -surrendering. The garrison expected to march out with the honors of -war; but the French King sent orders to make the whole prisoners -of war. The soldiers in garrison were anxious to be permitted to -defend the town; many of them broke their arms sooner than deliver -them up to the French, and several stands of regimental colours -were destroyed by the men, that they might not become trophies in -the hands of the enemy. The regiments in garrison were all made -prisoners of war, and were marched into the territory subject to -France, Louis XIV. refusing to deliver them up on the conditions of -the cartel previously agreed upon. - -In the mean time King William was carrying on the siege of Namur, -and when the citadel was surrendered, he permitted the garrison to -march out with the honors of war, but ordered Marshal Boufflers to -be arrested, and detained, until the regiments made prisoners by -the French at Dixmude, and detained contrary to the cartel, were -delivered up. - -This produced the desired effect--the TWELFTH, and other corps in -prison, were liberated, and rejoined the army, and the necessary -arms, equipments, and clothing, were procured as speedily as -possible, to enable the regiment to resume its duties; it was -afterwards placed in garrison at Malines. - -A general court-martial assembled for the trial of the officers -who delivered up Dixmude and its garrison to the enemy; -_Major-General Ellemberg_ was sentenced to be _beheaded_, and -executed at Ghent on the 20th of November; Colonels Graham, Leslie, -and the Dutch Colonel Aüer were cashiered; Colonel Brewer of the -TWELFTH foot, and the other commanding officers, who remonstrated -against the surrender of the town, were acquitted. - -[Sidenote: 1696] - -The French monarch made preparations for the invasion of England in -favour of King James, and in the spring of 1696, several regiments -were withdrawn from Flanders, when the TWELFTH marched from Malines -to Ostend and Bruges; but the enemy did not venture to put to sea, -and the regiment was not required to embark for England. - -On the 28th of May, the regiment joined the troops encamped between -Ghent and Bruges; it was formed in brigade with the first battalion -of the royals, the fifteenth, and Collingwood's (afterwards -disbanded) regiments, under Brigadier-General the Earl of Orkney, -and served the campaign of this year with the army of Flanders, -under the Prince of Vaudemont. The troops of that army were -encamped behind the Bruges canal, nearly all the summer, to cover -Ghent, Bruges, and the maritime towns of Flanders: in the autumn -the regiment was ordered to occupy quarters in the town of Bruges. - -[Sidenote: 1697] - -In the spring of 1697, the English regiments were ordered to -proceed to Brabant, to join the army commanded by King William in -person; the TWELFTH foot were, however, detained in Flanders until -the Brandenburg troops arrived, when they marched to Brabant, and -served under the King during the remainder of the campaign. They -were formed in brigade with a battalion of the first royals, and -the fifth, Collier's and Lauder's (afterwards disbanded) regiments, -commanded by the Earl of Orkney. - -The regiment was encamped before Brussels, when the war was -terminated by the treaty of Ryswick, and King William saw his -efforts, to prevent the aggrandizement of France by conquest, -attended with complete success. During the winter the regiment -returned to England. - -[Sidenote: 1698] - -[Sidenote: 1699] - -Considerable reductions were made in the establishment of the -army in 1698 and 1699, and the TWELFTH were ordered to proceed to -Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1700] - -[Sidenote: 1701] - -While the regiment was stationed in Ireland, the death of Charles -II., King of Spain, occurred, and he was succeeded by Philip, -Duke of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV., in violation of existing -treaties, which rekindled the war in Europe. - -[Sidenote: 1702] - -Various circumstances occurred to induce Great Britain to take part -in the contest, and Queen Anne declared war against France and -Spain, in May, 1702. - -The establishment of the TWELFTH regiment was augmented, and it -was held in readiness to proceed on foreign service; but it was -detained in Ireland several months, during which period Colonel -Brewer was succeeded in the colonelcy by Lieut.-Colonel Livesay, by -commission, dated the 28th of September 1702. - -As soon as hostilities were commenced, Vice-Admiral Benbow, -commanding the British naval force in the West Indies, began -an active warfare against the commerce of the enemy, with some -success. Soon afterwards the TWELFTH regiment was ordered to form -part of a powerful armament, designed to be sent to the West -Indies, under Charles Earl of Peterborough who was promoted to the -local rank of General, and a Dutch naval and land force arrived at -Spithead, to accompany the British fleet; but this joint expedition -was laid aside. - -[Sidenote: 1703] - -The TWELFTH regiment embarked for the West Indies during the -winter. In the early part of March, 1703, an unsuccessful attack -was made on the island of _Guadaloupe_, by the troops under Colonel -Codrington; two regiments landed and gained some advantages, but -the expedition was not of sufficient strength to capture the island. - -[Sidenote: 1704] - -Additional regiments were afterwards sent to the West Indies:[7] -but nothing of importance took place, and the TWELFTH were sent to -the island of Jamaica, where they were stationed during the year -1704. - -[Sidenote: 1705] - -The regiment sustained very serious losses from the effects of the -climate, and, in 1705, it transferred the non-commissioned officers -and soldiers fit for service, to the twenty-second foot, and the -officers and a few of the serjeants returned to England to recruit. - -[Sidenote: 1706] - -[Sidenote: 1707] - -[Sidenote: 1708] - -During the years 1706 and 1707, the regiment was employed in -recruiting, training, and disciplining its ranks, and having -attained a state of efficiency, it was reported fit for service, -and in the spring of 1708, it was held in readiness to serve on -board the fleet as marines. - -During the summer, the regiment was encamped in the Isle of Wight, -where it was reviewed, on the 19th of July, by Major-General -Erle, and afterwards embarked on an expedition against the coast -of France, the fleet being under the orders of Admiral Sir -George Byng, and the land forces under Major-General Erle.[8] The -fleet sailed from Spithead on the 27th of July, and menaced the -coast of Picardy with a descent, creating considerable alarm and -consternation; a landing was afterwards effected a few miles from -Boulogne, but nothing of importance was accomplished. - -In the mean time, the allied army, commanded by the great Duke -of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy, was carrying on the -siege of the celebrated city of Lisle, the capital of French -Flanders, which was defended by fifteen thousand men, under Marshal -Boufflers. The French and Spaniards, thinking to prevent the allied -army receiving supplies from the coast, detached a body of troops, -under General Count de la Motte, towards Ostend; and the troops -employed in alarming the French coast, were suddenly ordered to -proceed to that port, where they arrived on the 21st of September. -The TWELFTH, and other regiments of the expedition, having landed -at Ostend, the French general retired; first cutting the dykes, to -lay the country between Ostend and Nieuport under water, and to -prevent the troops, under Major-General Erle, communicating with -the grand army under the Duke of Marlborough. A strong detachment -from the TWELFTH, and two other regiments, seized on Leffinghen, -constructed some works, and established a post at that village. - -At this period, the army before Lisle was deficient in ammunition -for carrying on the siege, and the Duke of Marlborough, having -heard of the arrival of the troops at Ostend, and of their having -established a post at Leffinghen, sent seven hundred waggons -thither, under a strong guard, for supplies. The soldiers of the -TWELFTH, and other corps at Ostend, were employed in draining the -inundations; they built a bridge over the canal of Leffinghen, -opened a communication with the grand army, and assisted in loading -the seven hundred waggons with ammunition and other necessaries. - -The waggons left Ostend on the 27th of September; the troops -employed to guard the convoy, under Major-General Webb, were -attacked on the following day in the wood of Wynendale, by -twenty-two thousand French and Spaniards, under Count de la -Motte, who was repulsed, and the convoy arrived in safety at the -head-quarters of the army. Major-General Webb received the thanks -of Parliament for his conduct on this occasion. - -The Duke of Vendôme was so chagrined at this success, that he -advanced with a numerous army to Oudenburg, posted his men along -the canal between Plassendael and Nieuport, and caused the dykes -to be cut in several places, in order to let in the sea, and lay -a great extent of country under water. The TWELFTH, and other -corps under Major-General Erle, were encamped on the high grounds -of Raversein, and watched the enemy's movements; at length, the -Duke of Marlborough put the covering army in motion, to attack the -enemy, when the Duke of Vendôme made a precipitate retreat. The -TWELFTH were afterwards employed in conveying another supply of -ammunition and other necessaries, for the besieging army, across -the inundations in boats, which enabled the generals of the allied -army to continue the siege of Lisle, and insured the reduction of -that fortress. The Duke of Vendôme sent a body of troops to besiege -Leffinghen, which was captured after a short resistance; the enemy -also menaced the camp at Raversein, when the TWELFTH, and other -regiments under Major-General Erle, retired into the outworks -of Ostend. The supplies furnished to the army, however, proved -sufficient, and the citadel of Lisle surrendered on the 9th of -December. - -[Sidenote: 1709] - -The service, for which the regiment was sent to Flanders having -been accomplished, it returned to England in the early part of -1709, and was stationed in garrison at Portsmouth. - -[Sidenote: 1710] - -On the 4th of July, 1710, the regiments of Livesay (TWELFTH), and -of Montandre, Lord Mark Kerr, and Windsor (afterwards disbanded), -were reviewed at Portsmouth by Lieut.-General Erle. - -[Sidenote: 1711] - -The regiment was detained on home service in 1711. - -[Sidenote: 1712] - -Colonel Livesay was succeeded in the colonelcy of the regiment by -Lieut.-Col. Richard Phillips, whose commission was dated the 16th -of March, 1712. - -Being in an efficient state, the regiment was embarked for Spain, -to reinforce the allied army in that country. In the summer of -1712, preliminary articles for a treaty of peace were agreed -upon, which was followed by a cessation of hostilities, and the -TWELFTH regiment proceeded to the island of Minorca, which had been -captured by a body of troops under Major-General Stanhope in 1708. - -[Sidenote: 1713] - -Minorca was ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of Utrecht in -1713, and the TWELFTH regiment was one of the corps selected to -form part of the garrison of that island. - -[Sidenote: 1717] - -Colonel Phillips was appointed to the command of the fortieth foot, -on the formation of that regiment from non-regimented companies -in America, and was succeeded in the colonelcy of the TWELFTH by -Colonel Thomas Stanwix, from the thirtieth foot, whose commission -was dated the 25th of August, 1717. - -[Sidenote: 1719] - -Having been relieved from duty at Minorca, in 1719, the regiment -returned to England, where it arrived in October of that year. - -[Sidenote: 1722] - -In the summer of 1722, the regiment was encamped on Salisbury -Plain, and it was reviewed on the 30th of August by King George I., -and His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, afterwards King George -II. - -[Sidenote: 1725] - -On the 14th of March, 1725, Brigadier-General Thomas Stanwix died, -and King George I. conferred the colonelcy of the regiment on -Major-General Thomas Whetham, from the twenty-seventh foot. - -[Sidenote: 1739] - -The regiment was employed on home service for several years; and on -the breaking out of the war with Spain, in 1739, its establishment -was augmented to nine hundred officers and soldiers. - -[Sidenote: 1740] - -In the summer of 1740, the regiment pitched its tents near Newbury, -where an encampment was formed of two regiments of horse, three -of dragoons, and four of infantry, under Lieut.-General Wade. It -afterwards served on board the fleet as marines. - -In the autumn of this year, Charles VI., Emperor of Germany, died, -and the succession of his daughter Maria Theresa, as Queen of -Hungary and Bohemia, was disputed by the Elector of Bavaria, who -was aided by a French army. - -[Sidenote: 1741] - -King George II. resolved to support the house of Austria, and the -TWELFTH was one of the regiments selected to proceed on foreign -service. It was encamped, in the summer of 1741, on Lexden Heath, -and was held in readiness to embark; in the autumn it went into -cantonments. - -General Whetham died on the 28th of April; and the colonelcy -remained vacant until August, when His Majesty conferred that -appointment on the lieut.-colonel of the regiment, Scipio Duroure, -who had performed the duties of commanding officer with reputation -during the preceding seven years. - -[Sidenote: 1742] - -During the summer of 1742, King George II. sent an army to Flanders -under Field-Marshal the Earl of Stair, to support the house of -Austria, and the TWELFTH foot embarked on this service under -Colonel Duroure. - -[Sidenote: 1743] - -The regiment passed several months in Flanders, and in February -1743 it commenced its march for Germany. It was encamped a short -period near the forest d'Armstadt, and afterwards at Aschaffenburg, -where the King and His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland joined -the army. - -On the 27th of June, as the forces commanded by His Majesty were -marching along the bank of the river Maine, the French under -Marshal Noailles crossed the stream and took post near _Dettingen_, -to intercept the march. The allied army formed for battle and -a severe engagement took place, in which the TWELFTH had an -opportunity of distinguishing themselves under the eye of their -Sovereign. On one occasion they repulsed a charge of the French -cavalry, and afterwards engaged the enemy's infantry with signal -intrepidity and determination. The opposing army was forced to give -way before the steady valour of the infantry of the allied army, -and the charges of the British cavalry completed the overthrow -of the French host, which was driven across the river Maine with -severe loss. - -The TWELFTH regiment had Captain Phillips, Lieutenant Monro, and -twenty-seven rank and file killed; Captain Campbell, Lieutenant -Williams, Ensign Townshend, three serjeants, two drummers, and -sixty rank and file wounded, on this occasion. - -After passing the night on the field of battle, the regiment -marched to Hanau; it was encamped several weeks on the banks of -the Kinzig, and in August marched towards the Rhine. It crossed -that river above Mentz, and was employed in various services until -October, when the army marched in divisions back to Flanders. The -TWELFTH formed part of the fifth division, under Major-General the -Earl of Rothes, and arrived on the 22nd of November, at Brussels, -from whence they proceeded to Ostend for winter quarters. - -[Sidenote: 1744] - -The TWELFTH regiment served the campaign of 1744 under -Field-Marshal Wade: it was encamped some time on the banks of -the Scheldt, and took part in several operations, but no general -engagement occurred: in the autumn it was again stationed in -Flanders. - -[Sidenote: 1745] - -In the spring of 1745, a very powerful French army appeared in the -Austrian provinces of the Netherlands, and commenced the siege of -Tournay. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland assumed the -command of the allied army, and advanced to the relief of the -besieged fortress; and the TWELFTH regiment of foot was withdrawn -from garrison to take part in the enterprise. The French army took -up a position at the village of _Fontenoy_; and the allies, though -much inferior to the enemy in numbers, resolved to hazard a general -engagement. - -At two o'clock on the morning of the 11th of May, the allied -army advanced to attack the formidable position occupied by the -enemy, and the TWELFTH regiment, commanded by Colonel Duroure, -was detached with several other corps, under Brigadier-General -Ingoldsby, to attack a large fort, mounted with cannon, in the wood -of Barri. Against this post the regiment advanced, but the fort -was found too formidable to be attacked without artillery, and -some delay occurred. Brigadier-General Ingoldsby did not clearly -understand his orders, and the regiment was detained a long time -in a state of inactivity exposed to a heavy cannonade; during -which time the British infantry had forced the enemy's centre, -but were obliged to retire in consequence of the Dutch having -failed on Fontenoy, and Brigadier-General Ingoldsby having lost -the opportunity of attacking the batteries in the wood of Barri. -A second attack was, however, determined on, in the hope that -the Dutch would make a more determined effort, and the TWELFTH -were brought into action; Brigadier-General Ingoldsby was wounded -at the head of the regiment, and removed to the rear. Impatient -of the state of inactivity in which they had been detained, the -soldiers of the TWELFTH rushed into action with distinguished -ardour, and were conspicuous for their gallant bearing throughout -the remainder of the contest. They were exposed to a heavy fire, -and had to contend against very superior numbers. Their commanding -officer, Colonel Duroure, fell mortally wounded; Lieut.-Colonel -Whitmore was killed; Major Cosseley was wounded, and the command -devolved on Captain Rainsford, who was also wounded: but the -regiment preserved its firm array, and when more than half the -non-commissioned officers and soldiers had fallen, the survivors -continued the fight, advancing over the killed and wounded of both -armies. The Dutch, however, failed a second time; the British who -had penetrated the enemy's line became insulated, and constantly -exposed to the attack of fresh troops, and a retreat was ordered; -the army withdrawing from the field of battle to Aeth. - -The conduct of the TWELFTH regiment was commended in the Duke of -Cumberland's public despatch; its loss was greater than any other -corps in the army, and amounted to _three hundred and twenty-one_ -officers and soldiers: viz., Lieut.-Colonel Whitmore, Captain -Campbell, Lieutenants Bockland and Lane, Ensigns Cannon and -Clifton, five serjeants, and one hundred and forty-eight rank and -file killed; Colonel Duroure, Major Cosseley, Captains Rainsford -and Robinson, Lieutenants Murray, Townshend, Millington, and -Delgaire, Ensigns Dagers and Pearce, seven serjeants, and one -hundred and forty-two private soldiers wounded; Captain de Cosne, -Captain-Lieut. Goulston, and Lieut. Salt, missing. - -Colonel Duroure died of his wounds, and was succeeded by -Brigadier-General Henry Skelton, from the thirty-second regiment of -foot. Major Cosseley recovered of his wounds, and was promoted to -the lieut.-colonelcy, and Captain Rainsford was appointed Major. - -The regiment was encamped with the army on the plain of Lessines, -and afterwards near Brussels; and the French, by their superior -numbers, were enabled to capture several fortified towns. - -In the meantime a rebellion had broken out in Scotland, headed -by Charles Edward, eldest son of the Pretender. This adventurer, -being guided by desperate and designing men,--urged on by the wily -politics of France,--personally sanguine in his disposition, and -disposed to listen to every representation that flattered his -views, embarked on his expedition in a style little adequate to the -extent of his designs, which were to dethrone the reigning monarch, -and to overturn the constitution of a brave and free people. -Arriving in Scotland, he was joined by several of the Highland -clans, and the King's troops being in Flanders, success attended -his efforts for a short period. - -The TWELFTH regiment was one of the corps ordered to return to -England on this occasion: it arrived at Gravesend on the 4th of -November, afterwards formed part of the army assembled under the -Duke of Cumberland, when the clans penetrated England as far as -Derby. - -Being little accustomed to hear the sound of war at their own -gates, the British were at first alarmed at the novelty; but soon -recovering, they evinced loyalty and union in sustaining the fixed -rights of their sovereign, and in defending their own liberties. -Addresses, backed by associations, were daily made to the King; the -army arrived from Flanders, and the Pretender made a precipitate -retreat back to Scotland. - -The TWELFTH regiment pursued the Highlanders as far as _Carlisle_, -and was before that town when the rebel garrison surrendered. - -[Sidenote: 1746] - -In the early part of 1746 the regiment was withdrawn from the north -of England; but after the loss of the battle of Falkirk by the -troops under Lieut.-General Hawley, it was ordered to proceed to -Scotland. Various circumstances occurred to prevent its proceeding -thither immediately; but it embarked from Plymouth towards the end -of March, and sailed for Scotland in the early part of April. - -Before the regiment joined the army under the Duke of Cumberland, -the battle of Culloden had decided the fate of the young Pretender, -who was transformed, by the events of that day, from an imaginary -monarch to an humble fugitive, and after concealing himself some -time in the Highlands and Hebrides, he escaped to the continent. -The regiment was stationed several months at Perth. - -[Sidenote: 1747] - -During the summer of 1747 the TWELFTH were encamped in a rugged -valley, surrounded by gloomy precipices, near Fort Augustus, in the -Highlands of Scotland; in the autumn the regiment was withdrawn -from North Britain and stationed in England. - -[Sidenote: 1748] - -In the meantime, the war on the Continent had been continued, and -in the beginning of the year 1748, the regiment embarked at Shields -for Holland, to join the allied army in that country. - -In the spring, the regiment took the field, and was engaged in -several services: hostilities were afterwards terminated by a -treaty of peace concluded at Aix-la-Chapelle, and during the winter -the TWELFTH foot returned to England. - -[Sidenote: 1749] - -Immediately after its arrival from Holland, the regiment embarked -for the island of Minorca, where it was stationed three years. - -[Sidenote: 1751] - -On the 1st of July, 1751, a royal warrant was issued regulating -the standards, colours, and clothing of the several regiments. At -this period the costume of the TWELFTH foot was--cocked hats, bound -with white lace, _scarlet_ coats faced and lined with _yellow_, and -ornamented with white lace; scarlet waistcoats and breeches, and -white gaiters. The first, or Kings colour, was the great union; the -second, or regimental colour, was of yellow silk, in the centre -XII. in gold characters, within a wreath of roses and thistles -on the same stalk, and the union in the upper canton. - -[Illustration: MONTIS INSIGNIA CALPE. - -TWELFTH - -REGIMENT OF FOOT.] - -[Sidenote: 1752] - -Towards the end of the year 1751 the TWELFTH were relieved from -duty at Minorca by the fifty-first regiment, and returned to -England, where they arrived in the beginning of 1752. - -[Sidenote: 1755] - -[Sidenote: 1756] - -[Sidenote: 1757] - -The progress of colonization in North America involved Great -Britain in disputes with the French government respecting the -country near the river Ohio, which occasioned the commencement of -the Seven Years' War, in 1756. The establishment of the TWELFTH -regiment was augmented on this occasion; and in 1757 it consisted -of two battalions. - -General Skelton died on the 9th of April, 1757, and King George II. -conferred the colonelcy of the TWELFTH foot on Major-General Robert -Napier, from the fifty-first regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1758] - -In 1758 the second battalion of the TWELFTH foot was constituted -the sixty-fifth regiment, under the command of Colonel Armiger, -from captain and lieut.-colonel of the first foot guards.[9] - -Meanwhile the war, which commenced in America, had extended to -Hanover, and the electorate was overrun by the armies of France. A -body of Hanoverian, Hessian, and Brunswick troops, commanded by -Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, opposed the forces of the enemy, -and in the summer of 1758, the TWELFTH regiment, after encamping a -short time in the Isle of Wight, was ordered to proceed to Germany -to join the allied army. The regiment arrived at Embden on the 1st -of August, landed a few miles above the town on the 3rd, and on the -5th commenced its march to join the army, which it accomplished in -twelve days, and was reviewed on the 20th of that month by Prince -Ferdinand. - -During the remainder of the campaign, the regiment was actively -employed, and performed many fatiguing services. Towards the end of -November it marched into quarters in Munster, a city situate in a -fruitful and agreeable country on the river Aa. - -[Sidenote: 1759] - -Operations were commenced early in the spring of 1759, and the -allies gained some advantage; but when the French forces were -assembled, they possessed so great a superiority in numbers, that -Prince Ferdinand was obliged to fall back as the enemy advanced. -A series of retrograde movements brought the allied army to the -vicinity of _Minden_, situate on the bank of the river Weser, in -Westphalia. - -The French army, commanded by Marshal de Contades, took possession -of Minden, and occupied a strong position near that city. - -Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick manœuvred: he detached one body of -troops under his nephew, the Hereditary Prince of Brunswick, and -appeared to leave another exposed to the attack of the whole of -the opposing army. The destruction of this corps was resolved upon -by the French commander, and he put his army in motion for that -purpose, during the night between the 31st of July and the 1st -of August. While the French were on the march, Prince Ferdinand -advanced with the allied army, and early on the morning of the 1st -of August, as the leading column of the enemy attained the summit -of an eminence, it was surprised at discovering, instead of a few -weak corps, the allied army formed in order of battle. Thus the -French marshal suddenly found himself committed, and under the -necessity of fighting upon unfavourable ground. After some delay he -formed line, and the battle commenced. - -The TWELFTH, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel William Robinson, with -the twenty-third and thirty-seventh British regiments, followed by -the twentieth, twenty-fifth, and fifty-first, under Major-General -Waldegrave and Major-General Kingsley, flanked by two battalions of -Hanoverian foot guards, and the Hanoverian regiment of Hardenberg, -and supported by three regiments of Hanoverians and a battalion of -Hessian foot guards, advanced to attack the left wing of the French -army, where Marshal de Contades had posted the _élite_ of his -cavalry, the carabineers and gendarmes. The TWELFTH, twenty-third, -and thirty-seventh, led the attack with signal intrepidity: as -they moved forward in firm array, the enemy's artillery opened a -tremendous fire, which rent chasms in the ranks, and the French -carabineers advanced to charge them; but a rolling volley from the -three British regiments smote the hostile squadrons, when many men -fell, and the survivors reined up their horses, wheeled about, -and galloped to the rear; their artillery recommencing its fire -as the repulsed squadrons withdrew. The Hanoverian brigade came -up on the left of the TWELFTH, twenty-third, and thirty-seventh, -and the other three British regiments on the right. Soon, another -line of French cavaliers, gay in splendid uniforms, and formidable -in numbers, came forward, the soldiers shouting and waving their -swords; but they were struck in mid-onset by a tempest of bullets -from the British regiments, broken, and driven back with severe -loss. Still pressing forward with a conquering violence, the three -brigades became exposed to the fire of the enemy's infantry on -their flanks; but nothing could stop them: encouraged by success, -and confident in their own prowess, they followed up their -advantage, routed the whole of the French cavalry, and drove it -from the field.[10] Two brigades of French infantry endeavoured -to stem the torrent of battle; but they were quickly broken and -dispersed.[11] A body of Saxon troops made a show of coming down -upon the conquering British regiments, but they were soon put to -flight, and the triumphant English continued their splendid career, -overpowering all opposition. - -The action commenced between six and seven o'clock in the morning; -about nine the enemy began to give way; a general confusion -followed; and at ten o'clock the whole French army fled in -disorder, with the loss of forty-three pieces of cannon, ten stand -of colours, and seven standards. - -The TWELFTH regiment had Lieutenants William Falkingham, Henry -Probyn, and George Townsend, four serjeants, one drummer, and -seventy-seven rank and file killed; Lieut.-Colonel William -Robinson, Captains Mathias Murray, William Cloudesley, and Peter -Campbell, Captain-Lieutenant Peter Dunbar; Lieutenants Thomas -Fletcher, William Barlow, Thomas Lawless, Edward Freeman, John -Campbell, and George Rose; Ensigns John Forbes, David Parkill, and -John Kay, eleven serjeants, four drummers, and one hundred and -seventy-five rank and file wounded; Captains Peter Chalbert, and -Robert Ackland, and eleven rank and file missing. - -The TWELFTH regiment was thanked in orders, in common with -the other British regiments, on the following day; and its -distinguished conduct on this occasion was afterwards honoured with -the King's authority to bear the word "_Minden_" on its colours and -appointments in commemoration of its gallantry.[12] - -Minden was taken possession of on the following day, and the -French army was forced to make a precipitate retreat to a distance -of about two hundred miles. The allies followed the retiring -enemy with great energy, ascending precipices, passing morasses, -overcoming numerous difficulties, and pressing upon and attacking -the retreating army, with so much resolution, that several French -corps were nearly annihilated, and many prisoners, with a great -quantity of baggage, were captured. The TWELFTH foot shared in -the hazards, toils and conflicts of this brilliant success, and -when the weather became too severe for the troops to remain in -the field, the regiment went into cantonments in the bishopric of -Osnaburg in Westphalia. - -[Sidenote: 1760] - -The regiment left its quarters on the 5th of May, 1760, to take the -field, and on the 12th of that month it arrived in the vicinity -of Paderborn; it was joined by a numerous body of recruits from -England, to replace the losses of the preceding campaign. - -A hundred thousand French troops took the field under the Duke of -Broglio, with a separate corps under the Count de St. Germain, and -so far outnumbered the allied army, that the latter was obliged to -act on the defensive. The TWELFTH took part in numerous operations. -Towards the end of May they were encamped on the heights near -Fritzlar; in July they proceeded to the vicinity of Saxenhausen, -from whence they retreated towards Cassel, and encamped near Kalle. - -Upwards of thirty thousand French troops crossed the river Dymel, -and took post near _Warbourg_, to cut off the communication of the -allies with Westphalia, when Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick quitted -the camp at Kalle, and crossed the river to attack this portion of -the French army. The battle commenced on the morning of the 31st of -July, at which time the TWELFTH, and other British infantry corps, -were several miles from the scene of conflict. The soldiers hurried -forward to share in the action with extraordinary zeal: it was a -hot summer's day; they had a rugged country to traverse, morasses -to pass, and numerous difficulties to overcome, and they exerted -themselves with so much energy, that several men dropped on the -road;[13] but before they arrived at Warbourg, the French troops -had retreated across the river. - -During the remainder of the campaign, the regiment was employed -upon the Dymel; and the allied army, by secret and expeditious -movements, by daring and rapid advances, and by sudden and -unexpected attacks, kept the enemy in constant alarm. In the -winter, the regiment went into quarters in the bishopric of -Paderborn. - -[Sidenote: 1761] - -The enemy having amassed immense magazines in the country of Hesse, -and on the Lower Rhine, the allied army made a sudden advance into -the enemy's cantonments, in February, 1761, captured several strong -towns, and seized on numerous stores of provision. The TWELFTH -shared in this enterprise, advancing through a deep snow, and -taking part in several important captures: when this service was -performed, they retired to their former quarters. - -In June, 1761, the regiment again took the field, and was employed -in several operations; it was formed in brigade with the fifth, -twenty-fourth, and thirty-seventh regiments, under the command -of Brigadier-General Sandford, and was posted in the Marquis of -Granby's division. After several harassing marches, the regiment -was stationed in front of the village of _Kirch Denkern_, and -near to Vellinghausen, in the bishopric of Paderborn. The French, -commanded by Marshals Soubise and the Duke of Broglio, attacked -this post on the 15th of July; but the ground was maintained with -firmness and resolution by the British infantry, and the enemy -was repulsed with loss. The fire of the skirmishers was continued -during the night, and on the following day the attack was repeated -with fresh troops, when the TWELFTH evinced great gallantry in the -defence of the position. After five hours' sharp fighting, some -disorder appeared in the enemy's ranks, when the brigade charged -and routed the opposing battalions with great slaughter. The loss -of the regiment, on this occasion, was limited to three private -soldiers killed, and nine wounded. - -The TWELFTH were stationed near Kirch Denkern until the 27th of -July: they were subsequently employed in manœuvring and skirmishing -in various parts of the bishopric of Paderborn and on the river -Weser, and in September they were employed in the country of -Hesse. They were engaged in several skirmishes in the electorate -of Hanover in the early part of November; and were subsequently -quartered for several months in the bishopric of Osnaburg. - -[Sidenote: 1762] - -The regiment left its cantonments in Osnaburg in the spring of -1762, and was formed in brigade with the same regiments as in -the preceding year. It was engaged, on the 24th of June, in the -surprise of the French army encamped at _Groebenstein_: on the -morning of that day it was in motion at an early hour, crossed the -river Dymel at Liebenau at four o'clock, and advancing several -miles through a woody country, arrived in front of the enemy's -camp. The French were surprised and confounded; they abandoned -their camp, leaving their tents standing, and retreated towards -Cassel; one division, under General Stainville, throwing itself -into the woods of _Wilhelmsthal_, to cover the movement. This -division was attacked, and nearly annihilated; and after the loss -of many men killed and wounded, the remainder surrendered to the -fifth foot, which was the leading regiment of the brigade to which -the TWELFTH belonged. - -After the action, the regiment encamped on the heights of -Wilhelmsthal; it was subsequently employed in various operations; -and on the 23rd of July its grenadier company took part in driving -the Saxons, under Prince Xavier, from their post at _Lutterberg_, -and in the capture of thirteen pieces of cannon. - -On the 24th of July a hundred men of the TWELFTH foot were engaged -in dislodging a detachment of the enemy from the heights of -_Homburg_. The regiment was afterwards employed in operations on -the rivers Ohm and Lahn, and in covering the siege of _Cassel_, -which fortress surrendered in the beginning of November. - -A suspension of hostilities took place soon after the surrender -of Cassel, which was followed by a treaty of peace, concluded -at Fontainbleau: the regiment was quartered in the bishopric of -Munster about ten weeks. - -[Sidenote: 1763] - -In the beginning of 1763, the thanks of Parliament were -communicated to the army for its conduct during the war. In -February, the regiment marched through Holland to Williamstadt, -where it embarked for England: its effective strength, according to -the embarkation return, was twenty-seven officers, six hundred and -eighty-nine non-commissioned officers and soldiers. - -[Sidenote: 1764] - -[Sidenote: 1765] - -[Sidenote: 1766] - -On arriving in England, from Germany, the TWELFTH were ordered to -proceed to Scotland, where they were stationed during the following -three years. - -Lieut.-General Napier died in November, 1766, when King George III. -conferred the command of the regiment on Colonel Henry Clinton, -from captain and lieut.-colonel in the first foot guards. - -[Sidenote: 1767] - -[Sidenote: 1769] - -In 1767, the TWELFTH were stationed in England; and in 1769, they -proceeded to Gibraltar, to relieve the twentieth regiment on -garrison duty at that fortress. - -[Sidenote: 1775] - -[Sidenote: 1778] - -[Sidenote: 1779] - -The American war commenced in 1775, and the colonel of the -regiment, Lieut.-General Sir Henry Clinton, distinguished himself -in that country: in December, 1778, he was appointed colonel of the -eighty-fourth regiment, or Royal Highland emigrants, then first -embodied for service in North America, and afterwards disbanded. -The Colonelcy of the TWELFTH foot remained vacant until the 21st -of April, 1779, when it was conferred on Colonel William Picton, -from the seventy-fifth regiment; a newly-raised corps, which was -disbanded at the peace in 1782-3. - -The TWELFTH regiment remained at _Gibraltar_. The possession of -this fortress by the English, with a British garrison on the top -of the rocky promontory overlooking the provinces of Spain, had -been regarded by the Spaniards with great jealousy: every attempt -to retake it had failed. Great Britain attached much importance -to the possession of it; but the contest between the revolted -provinces in North America and England appeared to present to the -Spanish monarch a favourable opportunity for regaining possession -of this valuable fortress. When the French monarch acknowledged -the independence of the United States, and commenced hostilities -against Britain, the time appeared particularly favourable for -another effort to recapture Gibraltar, and in the summer of 1779, -that fortress was beset, by sea and land, by the Spanish fleets and -armies. - -The garrison consisted of the TWELFTH, thirty-ninth, fifty-sixth, -fifty-eighth, and (late) seventy-second British, with the -Hanoverian regiments of Hardenberg, Reden, and De la Motte, and -a proportion of artillery and engineers. The TWELFTH mustered -twenty-nine officers, twenty-nine serjeants, twenty-two drummers, -and five hundred and nineteen rank and file, under the command of -Lieut.-Colonel Trigge: the garrison mustered five thousand three -hundred and eighty-two men, under the orders of General Eliott, -afterwards Lord Heathfield.[14] - -Being blockaded by sea and besieged by land, the troops at -Gibraltar became cut off from communication with all countries, -and the garrison was like a little world within itself. The -arrangements for the defence were devised with judgment, and -executed with skill. The soldiers conformed to the strict rules -which their circumstances rendered necessary, and severe exercise -and short diet became habitual to them; at the same time the -extensive preparations of the enemy, the great importance of the -fortress, and the determined character of General Eliott and his -garrison, occasioned this siege to become a subject of universal -interest, and the eyes of all Europe were directed towards -Gibraltar, watching the result of the contest. - -As the enemy's works progressed, the pavement of the streets was -taken up, the towers of conspicuous buildings were pulled down, the -guard-houses unroofed, the stone sentry-boxes removed, traverses -raised, a covered way begun, and every measure adopted to prevent -the bombardment of the place being attended with serious results. - -[Sidenote: 1780] - -Early in 1780 provisions became short, and the soldiers cheerfully -submitted to privation; but soon afterwards the garrison was -relieved by a fleet from England: the wants of the troops were, -however, not supplied in many important articles. - -[Sidenote: 1781] - -The Spaniards renewed the blockade by sea, and sent nine fire-ships -into the harbour, but failed in the attempt to destroy the -shipping. Provisions soon became deficient again; vegetables were -cultivated on the rock with some success; a precarious supply of -several articles was obtained from the Moors, and in April, 1781, -the garrison was again relieved. - -The siege was continued, and a severe bombardment reduced a great -part of the town to a heap of ruins. - -General Eliott deliberately watched the progress of the enemy, and -kept his garrison close within the fortress, until a favourable -opportunity presented itself for a sally, when the following -'Evening garrison order' was issued, dated November 26, 1781: -'COUNTERSIGN, STEADY.--All the grenadiers and light infantry in -the garrison, and all the men of the TWELFTH and Hardenberg's -regiments, with the officers and non-commissioned officers on duty, -to be immediately relieved and join their regiments, to form a -detachment, consisting of the TWELFTH and Hardenberg's regiments -complete; the grenadiers and light infantry of all the other -regiments; one captain, three lieutenants, ten non-commissioned -officers and a hundred artillery; three engineers, seven officers, -ten non-commissioned officers, overseers, with a hundred and sixty -workmen from the line, and forty workmen from the artificer corps; -each man to have thirty-six rounds of ammunition, with a good -flint in his piece, and another in his pocket; the whole to be -commanded by Brigadier-General Ross, and to assemble on the red -sands, at twelve o'clock this night, to make a _sortie_ upon the -enemy's batteries. The thirty-ninth and fifty-eighth regiments to -parade at the same hour, on the grand parade, under the command of -Brigadier-General Picton, to sustain the _sortie_ if necessary.' - -The TWELFTH appeared on parade at the appointed hour, and mustered -twenty-six officers, twenty-eight serjeants, two drummers, and -four hundred and thirty rank and file, ready to engage in this -enterprise. It was the hour of midnight; the moon shone brightly, -and all was still in the enemy's camp. The soldiers waited two -hours, when the moon set, darkness overspread the sky, and they -issued silently from the fortress. The Spanish regiments were -asleep in the camp; their guards at the batteries were also -reposing, when suddenly the sound of a trampling multitude was -heard approaching them; their sentries called, and receiving -no answer, fired their muskets and hurried to the guards. They -were followed by the British at a running pace; the guards were -surprised, the batteries captured, and two Spanish officers, with -sixteen soldiers, were made prisoners; the Spanish guards were -astounded by the suddenness of the onset in the dark; they hurried -to their lines, communicating a panic to the troops in their -rear. The British instantly commenced the work of destruction. -'The batteries (constructed of wood upon the sands) were soon in a -state for the fire-faggots to operate, and the flame spread with -astonishing rapidity into every part. The column of fire and smoke -which rolled from the works, beautifully illuminated the troops -and neighbouring objects, forming altogether a _coup-d'œil_ not -possible to be described.'[15] - -In one hour the object of the _sortie_ was fully effected; the -Spaniards, being dismayed, did not venture to interrupt the work; -and trains being laid to the enemy's magazines, the TWELFTH, and -other troops which had made the sally, retired; as they entered the -fortress, tremendous explosions shook the ground like the shocks -of an earthquake, accompanied by rising volumes of smoke, flame, -and burning timber, which proclaimed the destruction of the enemy's -immense stores of gunpowder. - -Thus was completed, with success beyond the expectations of -every one, an enterprise of the greatest magnitude; and General -Eliott declared in orders, 'the bravery and conduct of the whole -detachment, officers, soldiers, and sailors, on this glorious -occasion, surpassed his utmost expectation.' The loss of the -TWELFTH regiment was limited to Lieutenant Tweedie and four private -soldiers wounded: the total loss of the garrison was four soldiers -killed, one officer and twenty-four soldiers wounded, one man -missing.[16] - -For several days the Spaniards appeared confounded at their -disgrace; the smoke of the burning batteries continued to rise, -and no attempt was made to extinguish the flames; but several -executions took place in their camp, probably of persons who fled -so precipitately from the batteries. In the beginning of December -they began to arouse themselves, and a thousand workmen commenced -labouring to restore the batteries, in which they were retarded by -the fire of the garrison. - -The Spaniards, by their heavy fire on the fortress, had already -spoiled three sets of guns; but the court of Madrid appeared bent -on capturing Gibraltar. An immense quantity of ordnance of larger -calibre was provided, numerous batteries were prepared, and the -Duke of Crillon assumed the command of the besieging army. He was -assisted by a celebrated French engineer, Monsieur d'Arcon, and -by Admiral Moreno, and a French army arrived to take part in the -siege. At the same time stupendous preparations were made on a new -principle, and floating batteries were constructed with great art -and labour, and were accounted the most perfect contrivance of the -kind ever seen. - -[Sidenote: 1782] - -A crisis was evidently approaching, and in the spring and summer -of 1782, the garrison of Gibraltar made preparations with cool -determination for the hour of trial: the officers and soldiers -appeared to be impressed with their peculiar situation; an -important fortress was confided to their protection; they had -defended it against the efforts of the Spanish army and navy -upwards of two years; and the eyes of all Europe were directed -towards them. The damaged works were carefully repaired, new ones -were constructed, extensive subterraneous works were prepared, and -forges for heating red-hot shot were got ready; every serjeant, -drummer, musician, and officer's servant, as well as the corporals -and private soldiers, used a shovel, pickaxe, or musket, according -as their services were required. The effect of the red-hot shot was -proved on some of the enemy's wooden batteries on the sands, which -were speedily destroyed. - -The Duke of Crillon anticipated the most signal success from the -extensive preparations he was making; his camp was visited by -princes of the royal blood of France, by Spanish nobility, and -other dignified characters of Europe, who came to be spectators of -the fall of the fortress under the heavy fire of artillery which -was about to be opened upon it. The new batteries on shore were -unmasked, and fired a volley of sixty shells, which was followed -by the thunder of one hundred and seventy guns of large calibre. -Thus was Gibraltar assailed by a storm of iron, which threatened -to reduce the fortress to a heap of ruins, and this was only a -prelude to the tremendous fire which was afterwards opened upon the -garrison. - -On the 13th of September, the ten battering ships took their -station before the fortress, in the presence of the combined fleets -of France and Spain: the enemy's camp and neighbouring hills were -crowded with spectators from various parts of Europe, to witness -the effect of these stupendous vessels, and such a storm of war -was opened upon the garrison, as was probably never heard before -since the invention of cannon. The batteries of the fortress -answered this tremendous fire with vigour, and the deafening -thunder of four hundred pieces of heavy artillery was heard for -many miles. For some hours the attack and defence were so equally -well supported, as scarcely to admit any appearance of superiority -in the cannonade on either side. The wonderful construction of the -battering ships seemed to bid defiance to the heaviest ordnance; -shells rebounded from their tops, and a thirty-two pound shot -scarcely seemed to make any impression on them. The effect of the -red-hot shot was doubted; sometimes smoke came from the ships, but -the fire-engines within soon occasioned it to cease, and the result -was uncertain; the fire was, however, persevered in, and incessant -showers of red-hot bullets, shells, and carcases flew through -the air. In the afternoon the effects of the red-hot shot became -apparent, and volumes of smoke issued from the flag-ship; the -Admiral's second ship was perceived to be in the same condition, -and confusion prevailed. The Spaniards expected that the firing of -red-hot bullets could not be persevered in beyond a few rounds; -but the fire was continued with the same precision and vivacity -as cold shot. The effects of the hot balls occasioned the enemy's -cannonade to abate, and about eight o'clock it almost totally -ceased. The battering ships made signals to inform the combined -fleets of their extreme danger and distress, and several boats were -sent to their aid. At this period the fire of the garrison produced -great carnage, and the most pitiable cries and groans were heard, -as the incessant showers of shot and shells were poured into the -floating batteries. Soon after midnight one ship was in flames, and -by two o'clock she appeared one sheet of fire from head to stern; a -second was soon in the same state; the flames enabled the British -artillery to point their guns with precision, and soon after -three o'clock six more ships exhibited the effects of the red-hot -shot. The burning ships exhibited one of the grandest spectacles -of destruction ever beheld; and amidst this dreadful scene of -conflagration, the British seamen in boats were seen endeavouring -to rescue the Spaniards from the blazing ships. They preserved -between three and four hundred; and while they were thus engaged, -one of the ships blew up with a dreadful explosion; four others met -the same fate before seven o'clock, and another shortly afterwards, -and the remainder burnt to the water's edge, their magazines having -been inundated; not one could be preserved as a trophy. - -Thus did the mighty efforts of France and Spain end in defeat -and destruction, and the gallant efforts of the brave soldiers -who defended Gibraltar elicited the admiration of the nations in -Europe. In England the most enthusiastic applause was universal; -illuminations and other modes of testifying the joy of the people -followed the receipt of the news of the destruction of the boasted -invincible battering ships, and every family which could boast a -defender of Gibraltar belonging to it, was proud of the honour. -The loss of the garrison, on the 13th and 14th of September, -was limited to one officer, two serjeants, and thirteen private -soldiers killed; five officers and sixty-three rank and file -wounded; that of the enemy exceeded two thousand officers and -soldiers. - -Although the enemy gave up all hopes of reducing Gibraltar by -force of arms, yet some expectation was entertained, that, if the -blockade were continued, the garrison might be forced to surrender -from the want of provisions; the combined fleet therefore remained -in the bay, the besieging army continued in the lines, and about -a thousand shots were fired every day from the Spanish batteries. -The garrison was encouraged to continue resolute in the defence of -the fortress by assurances of their Sovereign's favour and high -approbation. The principal Secretary of State, writing to General -Eliott, stated,--'I am honored with His Majesty's commands to -assure you, in the strongest terms, that no encouragement shall -be wanting to the brave officers and soldiers under your command; -his royal approbation of the past will, no doubt, be a powerful -incentive to future exertions, and I have the King's authority -to assure you, that every distinguished act of emulation and -gallantry, which shall be performed in the course of the siege, by -any, even of the lowest rank, will meet with ample reward from his -gracious protection and favour.' - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -In October, the combined fleet was much damaged by a storm; and -soon afterwards a British naval force arrived, and the garrison -was again relieved; when two regiments, the twenty-fifth and -fifty-ninth, landed to take part in the defence of the fortress. - -After the garrison was thus relieved and reinforced a third time, -the Court of Madrid gave up all hopes of gaining possession of -Gibraltar either by force or stratagem: negociations ensued, and -in February, 1783, the Spanish army decamped; the preliminary -articles for a treaty of peace having been signed in the preceding -month. Thus ended the siege of "GIBRALTAR," which is celebrated in -the military annals of the eighteenth century, and the successful -defence of that fortress, ranks among the noblest efforts of the -British arms: it exceeded in duration the famous siege of OSTEND, -in the beginning of the seventeenth century.[17] - -The TWELFTH regiment of foot was rewarded, with the other corps -which took part in this long and arduous service, with the thanks -of its Sovereign, and of the Houses of Parliament, and with the -honour of bearing on its colours the word 'GIBRALTAR,' with the -'_Castle and Key_,' and the motto '_Montis Insignia Calpé_,' in -commemoration of its services during the siege.[18] - -The loss of the regiment during the siege of Gibraltar was-- - - +-------------------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+ - | | Officers.| Serjeants.| Drummers.| Rank and| - | | | | | File. | - +-------------------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+ - | Killed | 1 | 3 | 1 | 13 | - | Died of Wounds | | | | 10 | - | Disabled by Wounds | 1 | | | 10 | - | Wounded, that recovered | 2 | 4 | 7 | 89 | - | Died of Diseases | | 3 | | 32 | - | +----------+-----------+----------+---------+ - | Total | 4 | 10 | 8 | 154 | - +-------------------------+----------+-----------+----------+---------+ - -During the period the TWELFTH were engaged in the glorious defence -of Gibraltar, county-titles were given to the several regiments of -infantry, and the communication with England having become free, -the TWELFTH received directions to assume the title of the 'EAST -SUFFOLK REGIMENT,' and to cultivate a connection with that part of -the country, in order to facilitate the recruiting of the regiment. - -[Illustration: - - _J. M. Jopling del^t._ _Madeley Lith. 3 Wellington S^t Strand._ - -TWELFTH REGIMENT OF FOOT. - -VIEW OF THE NORTH PART OF GIBRALTAR, AND OF THE ATTACK BY LAND AND -SEA SEPT^R 13^{TH} & 14^{TH} 1782 - -_For Cannons Military Records_] - -In November, the TWELFTH were relieved from duty at the fortress of -Gibraltar, which they had so gallantly defended, and returned to -England; they landed at Portsmouth, from whence they proceeded to -Hilsea barracks, and in December, they marched to Windsor. - -[Sidenote: 1784] - -King George III. was highly gratified at having a corps, which -had distinguished itself during the memorable siege of Gibraltar, -employed near his person, and on the 1st and 8th of June, 1784, -His Majesty reviewed the TWELFTH regiment in Windsor Park, in the -presence of the Royal Family, and many distinguished personages, -and expressed, in very gracious terms, his high approbation of its -appearance and discipline, and of its conduct during the siege of -Gibraltar. - -The regiment remained at Windsor on the King's duty until November, -when it proceeded to Chatham. - -[Sidenote: 1785] - -[Sidenote: 1786] - -[Sidenote: 1787] - -[Sidenote: 1788] - -During the years 1785, 1786, and 1787, the regiment was stationed -successively at Newcastle, Tynemouth, Sunderland, Musselburgh, -Ayr, Edinburgh, and Plymouth; on the 10th of January, 1788, it was -reviewed by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, afterwards King -George IV., who was then in the seventeenth year of his age, and -his person and accomplishments excited the admiration of all who -beheld him. In a few days after the review, the regiment proceeded -to the islands of Jersey and Guernsey. - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -The TWELFTH were relieved from duty at Jersey and Guernsey in -March, 1790, and sailed to Portsmouth. Two months afterwards, -orders were received for the regiment to serve on board the fleet -as marines, and in the middle of June it embarked on board of His -Majesty's ships 'Barfleur,' 'Carnatic,' 'Bellona,' 'Impregnable,' -'Magnificent,' and 'Edgar'; at the same time the staff officers, -musicians, and a few soldiers who were not employed on this -service, proceeded to Hilsea barracks. - -After six months' service as marines the companies landed and -joined the head-quarters at Hilsea barracks; towards the end of -December the whole embarked for Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1791] - -[Sidenote: 1792] - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -The regiment landed near Cork on the 5th of January, 1791, and -marched to Kinsale; in the summer of 1792, it proceeded to Dublin, -from whence it was removed in March, 1793, to Drogheda. - -In the meantime a revolution had taken place in France; men -of violent republican principles had seized on the reins of -government, beheaded their Sovereign, and involved Europe in -another war. The pernicious doctrines of liberty and equality -had been disseminated in the French West India Islands, and the -European planters had solicited the protection of the British arms -against the fury of the mulattoes and negroes. War was commenced -to arrest the tyrannical proceedings of aggression pursued by -the French republic;--a British army was sent to Flanders under -His Royal Highness the Duke of York; additional forces were sent -to the West Indies, and in November the flank companies of the -TWELFTH foot, commanded by Captains Tweedie and Perryn, Lieutenants -Mathews, Leister, Leister junior, and O'Brien, embarked for the -West Indies. - -[Sidenote: 1794] - -The deliverance of the French West India Islands from republican -domination, was undertaken in January, 1794; the flank companies -of the TWELFTH joined the expedition under General Sir Charles -Grey, K. B. (afterwards Earl Grey), at Barbadoes, and were engaged -in the attack of _Martinico_. A landing was effected at three -different points in the early part of February, and after some -sharp fighting, in which the companies of the TWELFTH signalized -themselves, particularly the grenadier company, forming part of the -brigade commanded by Prince Edward (afterwards Duke of Kent), which -captured Fort Royal by escalade on the 17th of March, and carried -Morne Tartisson by storm, the island was captured. In his despatch, -Sir Charles Grey stated,--'All the officers and soldiers of this -little army merit the greatest praise.' The loss of the TWELFTH -foot was limited to a few private soldiers killed and wounded. - -From Martinico the flank companies of the TWELFTH sailed with the -expedition against _St. Lucia_, where the troops arrived on the -1st of April, and the companies of the TWELFTH took part in the -reduction of that island, which was accomplished in three days -without loss. - -The flank companies were afterwards engaged in the capture of -_Guadaloupe_ and its dependencies, in which service they lost -several men. The rapid success with which the British empire was -thus extended, by the addition of three valuable islands and their -dependencies, excited great admiration; and Sir Charles Grey -stated in his despatch, that he 'could not find words to convey an -adequate idea, or to express the high sense he entertained, of the -extraordinary merit evinced by the officers and soldiers in this -service.' - -While the flank companies were engaged in the capture of the -French West India Islands, the regiment was withdrawn from Ireland -to reinforce the troops under the Duke of York in Flanders; it -embarked from Drogheda on the 7th of March, landed at Parkgate on -the 14th, re-embarked at Greenwich on the 1st of May, and landed at -Ostend on the 6th of that month. - -On arriving at the seat of war, the regiment was ordered to join -the corps under the Austrian General Count Clerfait, who commanded -the troops in West Flanders, and it was attached to the division -under Major-General Hammerstein, together with the thirty-eighth -and fifty-fifth regiments, and the eighth light dragoons. - -The TWELFTH regiment, commanded by Major Frederick Bowes, -consisting of eight hundred and fifteen rank and file, took part -in numerous operations, and was engaged in the general attack on -the French positions on the 17th and 18th of May. On the latter -day, the TWELFTH were engaged in driving the enemy from _Werwick_, -and in forcing the passage of the river _Lys_, on which occasion -they highly distinguished themselves; but the operations on the -above two days were not successful, from the want of a more perfect -combination in the movements of the several divisions, and from the -superior numbers of the enemy. - -In division orders, dated Camp near Tournay, 20th May, 1794, -Major-General Whyte stated 'he had great pleasure in informing the -British troops, that General Count Clerfait has highly approved of -their spirited conduct in the field, and great exertions in going -through such excessive fatigues, as they necessarily have had since -their first movement from Ostend. Major-General Whyte laments the -loss sustained by the eighth light dragoons, whose spirited and -distinguished gallantry, led on by Lieut.-Colonel Hart, has gained -them the highest honour; and he desires his thanks may be accepted -by the commanding officers, and all the officers and men of the -thirty-eighth and fifty-fifth regiments; and also by Major BOWES -and the officers and men of the TWELFTH regiment, whose conduct -has been highly approved of by Major-General Hammerstein, under -whose immediate command they served. To Lieut.-Colonel Hart, who -led on the squadron of the eighth light dragoons to the attack at -Rousbeck, his best and distinguished thanks are due; and also to -Lieut.-Colonel M'Donald, who led on the fifty-fifth regiment to -support the attack on the front. He is perfectly convinced the -same praise would have been due to Lieut.-Colonel Pitcairn of the -thirty-eighth, had they been called into action.' - -The TWELFTH foot continued to serve under General Count Clerfait, -and when the French besieged _Ypres_, with thirty thousand men, -with a covering army of twenty-five thousand, the regiment was -engaged in the attempt to relieve that fortress. The Austrian -advance-guard was repulsed at Olglede on the 7th of June; but -the French were defeated in their attempt on Rouselaer. Still -entertaining hopes of being able to raise the siege, Count Clerfait -attacked the French again on the 13th of June, at Hoogledge, and -Major-General Hammerstein engaged a body of the enemy, of very -superior numbers, at Kootmarke, and was repulsed. He afterwards -retreated to Bruges, detaching the eighth light dragoons, and -thirty-eighth and fifty-fifth foot to Ostend. - -The very superior numbers of the enemy gave them so great an -advantage, that the allied army was forced to commence retrograde -movements. The TWELFTH foot remained with Major-General -Hammerstein's division until the 9th of July, when the following -paragraph appeared in the division orders issued at the camp at -Contiche,--'As the TWELFTH British regiment is going to leave -Major-General Hammerstein's brigade, he takes this opportunity to -assure the regiment of his best acknowledgments for the good and -gallant behaviour it has shown during the time the general has had -the honour to command it; he likewise thanks it for the readiness -and good will with which it has borne so many and great fatigues.' - -On its removal from Major-General Hammerstein's command, the -regiment was formed in brigade with the thirty-third, forty-second, -and forty-fourth foot, under Major-General Balfour. In August it -was in position near Breda, and in the beginning of September -retired to the vicinity of Bois-le-duc. - -In the middle of September the enemy advanced in great force, -and attacked all the British posts on the right; the outpost at -_Boxtel_, being most advanced, was forced, and the troops of Hesse -D'Armstadt, who occupied it, sustained a severe loss. The post, -occupied by a detachment of the TWELFTH regiment, was environed -and assailed by very superior numbers; it was defended with -great gallantry for a short time, but the soldiers were unable -to withstand so overwhelming a force as that by which they were -assailed. The regiment had a few soldiers killed and wounded, and -Lieutenant Eustace, three serjeants, one drummer, and forty-four -rank and file taken prisoners. The British troops afterwards -retired beyond the river Maese. - -In the meantime, the flank companies had been engaged in the -defence of the island of _Guadaloupe_, where about two thousand -French troops had arrived from Europe, and being joined by a -multitude of mulattoes and blacks, among whom the doctrines of -liberty and equality were disseminated, they gained possession of -part of the island, and frightful outrages were perpetrated. The -companies of the TWELFTH were engaged in an attempt to regain -possession of Grand-Terre; but the troops employed in this service -were not sufficiently numerous. The TWELFTH had Lieutenant John -Leister and several soldiers killed, and others wounded. - -The companies of the TWELFTH were employed in the defence of -Guadaloupe under great disadvantages, and they were nearly -annihilated. The island was given up in October, and the few -remaining officers and soldiers proceeded to St. Domingo. - -Meanwhile the TWELFTH regiment, serving under the Duke of York, -in Holland, was exposed to much suffering and privation. The -Dutch, having imbibed the revolutionary doctrines of equality, -beheld the advance of the French without alarm, and surrendered -their fortresses without much resistance. The British troops had -no chance of ultimate success, yet they held their positions with -firmness, and they did not fail to impress the enemy with a just -idea of British valour. The TWELFTH were in position near Nimeguen -in September, and afterwards attempted to defend the passage of the -Waal. - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -During the winter the river Waal became frozen, so as to admit the -immense masses of the enemy to pass on the ice, and the British -were obliged to retreat through Holland to Germany. The sufferings -of the soldiers during this retrograde movement were very great; -long marches, exposed to snow-storms and tempests, along roads -choked with ice and snow, and a deficiency of provisions, put -to a severe test the strength of the officers and soldiers. In -March, 1795, they arrived at Bremen, where the hardships they -had endured were ended. The TWELFTH regiment lost so many men -during the campaign and retreat through Holland, that its numbers -were reduced from eight hundred and fifteen to four hundred and -twenty-five rank and file. - -The regiment embarked from Bremenlee on the 11th of April, -landed at Gosport on the 12th of May, and marched from thence -to Portchester, where it was joined by Lieutenant O'Brien, one -serjeant, and one private soldier from the West Indies; being the -only surviving individuals of the two fine flank companies which -proceeded to the West Indies in 1793. - -Every effort was made to recruit the regiment as speedily as -possible, and on the 2nd of July, it was reviewed by His Royal -Highness the Duke of York, who expressed his approbation of its -appearance. - -On the 19th of October, the regiment embarked from Southampton, and -sailed to Spithead, where it remained a few days, and afterwards -put to sea. On the 5th of October, it landed on the Isle de Dieu, -in conjunction with a small force under Major-General Needham, and -a body of French emigrants, accompanied by the Count D'Artois, -brother of the King of France. No circumstances occurred to favour -any further attempts connected with this enterprise, and in -December the regiment left the island; it was exposed to several -violent storms at sea, but arrived safely at Southampton in ten -days, and marched from thence to Iron-hill barracks. - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -The regiment was stationed in the neighbourhood of Southampton, and -in the Isle of Wight, until the 8th of June, 1796, when it embarked -in the 'Rockingham,' 'Hawksbury,' 'Airly castle,' and 'Melville -castle' Indiamen, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Henry Harvey -Aston, in order to transfer its services to the East Indies. The -regiment sailed from St. Helens on the 27th of June, and on the -19th of September anchored in Table Bay, Cape of Good Hope; that -colony having been captured from the Dutch a short time previously. -The regiment remained on board, but small parties landed daily for -the benefit of their health. While the Indiamen were in Table Bay, -a dreadful hurricane threatened the destruction of every ship, -and they all sustained some injury, several losing their anchors. -Serious apprehensions were entertained for the safety of the -regiment; but providentially it did not sustain any loss, and it -sailed from the Cape of Good Hope on the 10th of November. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -On the 10th of January, 1797, the Indiamen anchored in Madras -roads; the regiment landed on the following day at Fort St George, -and mustered eight hundred and seventy rank and file, whose -appearance excited admiration. - -The regiment was employed on garrison duty at Fort St. George until -the middle of August, when it embarked for Manilla, the capital -of the Spanish settlements in the Philippine Islands, situate -on the banks of a bay, at the mouth of the river Pasig, in the -island of Luconan. On the 23rd of August six companies proceeded -on the voyage; the other four companies were embarked on board of -men-of-war, and were about to follow, when orders were received -for their disembarking, in consequence of intelligence from the -Mysore country, indicating a projected irruption into the British -territory by the celebrated Tippoo Saib. - -The six companies continued the voyage, and arrived in September -at the Prince of Wales's Island, called also Penang, or Betel Nut -Island, situated off the west coast of the Malay peninsula, from -which it is separated by a narrow strait. At this place a large -fleet was assembled, with a numerous body of troops, from the -Presidencies of Bengal, Madras, and Bombay, for the expedition -against Luconan and the other Philippine islands; the Prince of -Wales's Island having been selected for the rendezvous of the -forces to be employed in this enterprise. The prospect of the -services of the troops being speedily required in more important -military operations on the continent of India, occasioned orders to -be issued for their immediate return. Towards the end of September, -the 'Express' sloop arrived with despatches from Madras, and in a -few days afterwards the six companies of the TWELFTH sailed from -the Prince of Wales's Island. They encountered contrary winds, and -it being found impossible for the transports to contend against the -north-west monsoon, the TWELFTH returned to the island in October. -They again sailed for Madras on the 15th of November, and landed at -Fort George on the 12th of December; during their absence the other -four companies of the regiment had exchanged a few shots with a -French squadron, which had appeared in Madras-roads, and succeeded -in driving an Indiaman on shore under the works of the fort. - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -Among the various schemes of aggrandizement entertained by the -republican government of France, was the wild and extravagant idea -of being able to gain possession of the British territory in the -East Indies. To strike an effectual blow at the naval, commercial, -and colonial greatness of the British nation, was an object of -primary consideration with the French directory, and to excite -the jealousy of the native princes of India, and induce them to -take up arms against the English, was one of the means used to -accomplish this object. In the ruler of the fruitful province of -Mysore, the celebrated Tippoo Sultan, the French found a chieftain -eager to seize on the first opportunity for being revenged on the -British, who had punished his former aggressions by depriving him -of a considerable portion of territory, and inflicting a fine -equal to three and a half millions sterling. This chief entered -zealously into the design to drive the English out of India, and -endeavoured to induce other princes to join in the enterprise. -After the discovery of the designs of the enemy, hostilities were -delayed some time, and the TWELFTH regiment marched for Tanjore, -the capital of a well-cultivated province in the Carnatic, where it -arrived on the 1st of March, 1798. - -The regiment was reviewed at Tanjore, by Major-General Floyd, who -expressed in orders to Colonel Aston, the officers, and soldiers, -'the satisfaction he received on inspecting the eight companies of -the TWELFTH regiment of infantry at the station;' and added--'In -the masterly hands of their commanding officer, there is every -reason to expect that His Majesty's TWELFTH regiment of infantry -will, whenever called upon, be ready and disposed to renew in the -east the glories of Minden and Gibraltar.' - -Preparatory to the grand enterprise of driving the English out of -India, General Bonaparte was sent with a French army to Egypt; many -French officers and men were introduced into the army of Tippoo -Sultan, and other measures were adopted calculated to forward the -design. Under these circumstances the Governor-General of India, -Lord Mornington, deemed it necessary to assemble a body of troops -on the coast of Coromandel, and to engage the Nizam of the Deccan -to furnish an auxiliary force. The TWELFTH regiment marched from -the fortress of Tanjore, on the 22nd of July, to join the army -assembling under the orders of Lieut.-General Harris. - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -On the 1st of January, 1799, the regiment joined the camp of the -army advancing towards Mysore, and negociations having failed, the -troops penetrated the territory of Tippoo Sultan in the beginning -of March. The TWELFTH, seventy-fourth, and Scots brigade, formed -the first brigade of infantry under Major-General Baird. - -During the night of the 7th of March, the regiment was employed, -under Major-General Baird, in an attempt to surprise the camp of a -body of the enemy's cavalry, but the Mysoreans obtained information -of the design and made a precipitate retreat. - -On the following day, the light company of the TWELFTH, commanded -by Captain Woodhall, took possession of _Neldroog_ without -opposition. - -The British advanced direct upon the capital of the Mysore country, -_Seringapatam_,[19] and Tippoo endeavoured to harass the march -by skirmishes, and impede the progress of the troops by burning -villages and laying waste the country. The regiment having entered -upon active warfare, the Commanding Officer issued the following -order:--'As the TWELFTH regiment, from having the honour to be the -eldest King's regiment with the army, is more liable to be called -on for immediate service than other corps, the Commanding Officer -expects the Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and Private Men, -will be ready, night or day, to turn out at the shortest notice, -and to parade under arms without noise or confusion. On all sudden -alarms the light infantry is instantly to accoutre without waiting -for orders, and to be in readiness to march whenever their services -may be required.' - -On the 27th of March, as the Lascars were pitching the tents of the -army on a fine plain beyond the fort of _Malleville_, they were -suddenly assailed by a heavy cannonade from an eminence in front; -at the same time the advance-piquet, under Captain McPherson of the -TWELFTH regiment, was attacked by a force of very superior numbers, -but repulsed its assailants with distinguished bravery. The army -arriving on the plain, advanced in close column of regiments -towards the eminence, upon which large bodies of Mysorean cavalry -and infantry were formed, who withdrew their heavy guns, but -annoyed the advancing columns with rockets. - -As the British columns approached the height, they formed line, -and ascended to the summit, which was abandoned by the enemy, but -a short distance beyond the eminence appeared the army of Mysore -in order of battle. As the TWELFTH moved forward, a large body -of Mysorean cavalry formed in the shape of a wedge, having an -elephant with a howdah on his back in front, appeared advancing -to charge the regiment, and the British line halted to receive -the attack. Immediately afterwards two other very large bodies of -the enemy were discovered in two topes, or woods, preparing to -support the first charge. Lieut.-General Harris, seeing the danger -which menaced the regiment, placed himself in its rear, frequently -repeating the words, 'Steady, Twelfth!' 'Steady, old Twelfth!' -and when the wedge approached within a hundred yards of the line, -the Mysoreans discharged their carbines and pistols, but without -doing execution. The TWELFTH remained steady, with their muskets -at the recover, until the enemy arrived within about thirty yards, -when a well-directed volley, followed by a rapid file firing, -carried destruction into the enemy's ranks; a rampart of killed -and wounded men and horses lying along the front of the regiment. -The rear of the wedge was embarrassed by the killed and wounded -in front, and could not continue their charge. The elephant was -severely wounded, his conductor killed, the chiefs on his back had -fallen, and he turned round and directed all his fury upon the -Mysoreans, overturning everything in his retrograde movement, and -producing great havoc with a prodigious chain, which he swayed. A -few Mysorean horsemen broke through the regiment, but they were -instantly shot in its rear, and the British artillery arriving, and -opening its fire, the enemy's cavalry fell back; at the same time -the British line advanced, and decided the fate of the day at that -part of the field; a distant cannonade, however, indicated that the -battle was raging elsewhere. - -The left of the right wing was opposed to Tippoo's infantry, -and gained a complete victory; between seven and eight thousand -Mysoreans being put _hors de combat_: the loss of the British did -not amount to so many hundreds. - -In general orders issued on the same evening, it was stated, 'The -Commander-in-Chief congratulates the army on the happy result of -this day's action, during which he had various opportunities of -witnessing its gallantry, coolness, and attention to orders:' and -in brigade orders, 'Major-General Baird, with the most heartfelt -satisfaction, congratulates the brigade on the victory obtained -this day over the enemy; it is sufficient for him to say, that the -valour of the corps fully answered his expectation.' - -On the following morning, the army continued its advance upon -the capital of Mysore, and the enemy used various stratagems to -retard the movement until the approach of the rainy season should -render the siege of Seringapatam impracticable. The water was -found impregnated with poison; many men were taken seriously ill, -and several horses fell down dead while in the act of drinking; -the smoking ruins of villages, and other scenes of devastation -presented themselves; at the same time large bodies of hostile -cavalry hovered round the army, and the camp was often annoyed by -rockets; but the British forces moved steadily forward, and on the -3rd of April they arrived within four miles of _Seringapatam_,--a -city and fortress, which had attained considerable strength and -splendour under Hyder Ali and his son Tippoo Sultan: it is situate -at the upper end of an island, four miles long, and a mile and a -half broad, in the river Cavery. - -About six o'clock on the evening of the 3rd of April, the TWELFTH -regiment, with the flank companies of the seventy-fourth and -Scots brigade, assembled under Major-General Baird, to beat up -the enemy's cavalry encampments: they were out all night without -effecting the surprise of any of the enemy's detachments; but about -three o'clock on the following morning they came suddenly upon a -numerous body of Mysorean cavalry, when they rushed forward and -bayoneted nearly every man before the Mysoreans could mount their -horses, which were led into the British camp at six o'clock, at the -moment the army was about to commence its march. - -On the 4th of April, the army arrived in sight of Seringapatam; -the soldiers had skirmished with the enemy's cavalry and rocket -men, during the march, and in the evening a general order was -issued, in which it was stated,--'The Commander-in-Chief takes -this opportunity of noticing the high sense he has of the general -exertion of the troops throughout the long and tedious march, with -the largest encampment ever known to move with any army in India; -and in congratulating them on a sight of Seringapatam, he has every -confidence that a continuance of the same exertions will very -shortly put an end to their labours, and place the British colours -on its walls!' - -The army took up a new position on the 5th of April, and in the -evening the TWELFTH regiment was ordered to advance, supported -by two battalions of Sepoys, and take possession of a nullah, or -bed of a river or aqueduct, about a mile and a half in front of -the camp. The night was very dark, but the regiment had scarcely -cleared the outposts, when the air was illuminated by hundreds of -fire-balls thrown up by the enemy, who thus detected the advance -of the British troops, and immediately commenced a heavy fire of -musketry and rockets, under which the TWELFTH continued to advance -in open column of companies. Suddenly, regular platoon firing -was heard in front, and showers of bullets assailed the regiment -on both flanks and in front, when it formed line. The trampling -sound of approaching troops occasioned the regiment to prepare -to charge with the bayonet, which was about to be executed, when -it was discovered that the approaching troops were one of the -battalions of Sepoys which had been ordered to support the TWELFTH. -This battalion had lost its road, moved to the front, and become -exposed to the attack of very superior numbers of the enemy, whom -it had engaged upwards of an hour, which accounted for the platoon -firing heard in front; it was retreating, bringing off its killed -and wounded, under Major Colin Campbell, and being pursued, formed -in the rear of the TWELFTH regiment. When the pursuing Mysoreans -discovered, by their fire-balls, the line of Europeans before them, -they fell back to a greater distance, but without any relaxation -in their fire, and so many spent balls struck the officers and -soldiers of the TWELFTH, that they were ordered to sit down to -await the approach of day for the completion of the enterprise; -the nullah was at some distance, and it could only be approached -by a road of difficult access. The regiment did not fire a shot, -but large quantities of ammunition were sent from the camp; the -incessant firing having given rise to the expectation that the -soldiers must have expended their cartridges. - -About two o'clock on the following morning the enemy's firing -ceased, and at four the TWELFTH advanced. When the morning light -appeared, the regiment found itself in the rear of a long mud -wall and fragments of a ruined village, three hundred yards from -the nullah, which was occupied by thousands of Mysoreans and -French, with large masses of infantry on both flanks. Under these -circumstances, the regiment halted, and the pioneers threw up an -embankment on both flanks, to preserve it from enfilade. This work -was scarcely completed, when day-light enabled the Mysoreans to -discover the position and insignificant numbers of the regiment, -compared with their host, and they endeavoured to destroy it by -a storm of bullets, but the soldiers were sheltered by the mud -walls, and very few cannon-balls from the fort took effect, on -account of the distance. Lieut.-General Harris, observing the -unequal contest, ordered the artillery to fire on the enemy's -ranks, the balls passing over the heads of the TWELFTH, and the -British line advanced. The commanding officer of the detachment, -Lieut.-Colonel Shaw, saw the line moving steadily forward to his -support, and having entire confidence in the valour of the TWELFTH, -he resolved to attack the opposing legions with the bayonet; he -cautioned the soldiers to prepare, and giving the word 'CHARGE, -TWELFTH,' they sprang from behind the mud wall, raised a loud -shout, and rushed forward towards the nullah. The Mysoreans were -confounded by the suddenness of the attack; they saw the sparkling -steel bayonets of the TWELFTH approach, and abandoned their post in -a panic. As the TWELFTH rushed forward, several lines of Mysoreans -fired volleys at them, but the balls struck the sand many yards -from the regiment, and in five minutes the nullah was captured. The -enemy rallied behind a high bank, and made a show of a design to -retake the post, but the TWELFTH and Sepoys ascended the bank, and -kept up a well-directed file firing, which occasioned the Mysoreans -to retreat: a party of French were also driven from a post on the -left of the regiment. The nullah being thus carried, the artillery -of Seringapatam opened a heavy fire, which obliged the soldiers to -take shelter in the bed of the river. The post thus captured, was -designated 'Shaw's Post,' in honour of the commanding officer of -the detachment, Lieut.-Colonel Shaw of the seventy-fourth foot. - -When the TWELFTH rushed forward to storm the post, the army -suspended its advance, awaiting the result, and a brigade -afterwards drove a body of the enemy from a wood on the right of -Shaw's Post. A breast-work was subsequently made to cover the -troops from the guns of Seringapatam, and the TWELFTH had the -honour to break ground before that important fortress. About -seven o'clock in the evening, the regiment was relieved by the -seventy-fourth foot: its loss was Lieutenants George Nixon and T. -Falla, and ten rank and file killed; Captain Whitler, Lieutenants -R. Nixon, Percival, King, and Neville, and a considerable number of -non-commissioned officers and soldiers, wounded. - -The siege of Seringapatam was prosecuted with vigour; and in the -early part of May, a practicable breach was ready, when the TWELFTH -were selected to take part in storming this important fortress. For -this service, the flank companies of the European corps left in the -camp, the TWELFTH, thirty-third, seventy-third, and seventy-fourth -regiments, three corps of grenadier Sepoys, two hundred of the -Nizam's troops, a hundred of the artillery, and the corps of -pioneers, the whole under the orders of Major-General Baird, took -post in the trenches, to make the attack during the heat of the day -on the 4th of May, when the Mysoreans were likely to be surprised. -At one o'clock the signal was given, when the forlorn hope sprang -forward; six flank companies, and the TWELFTH regiment, also -issued from the trenches at a running pace, and were followed by -the remainder of the storming party; they passed the rocky bed of -the Cavery river under a heavy fire, crossed the glacis and ditch, -ascended the breaches in the _fausse braye_ and rampart in gallant -style, and overcame all resistance, with a resolution and valour -which proved the innate bravery of the officers and soldiers. The -Mysoreans were unable to withstand the prowess of the British -troops, and they were overpowered at all points. - -During the heat of the conflict, Captain Woodhall was detached with -the light company of the TWELFTH, and a few men of the battalion -companies, to reinforce the troops fighting upon the inner rampart; -this party proceeded by a narrow path, passed a deep ditch to the -inward wall, and flanked and took in reverse the enemy's traverses, -which were defended by the Sultan in person, who was forced to -retire. As Tippoo and his suite were passing the small gate on the -northern face, into the body of the town, the light infantry of the -TWELFTH arrived at the inner side of the gate, and fired upon him -and his followers with such effect, that the gateway was choked -with killed and wounded, and the body of the Sultan was afterwards -found among the slain. After the firing had ceased at all other -points, resistance continued to be made at the palace; but upon -assurance of safety to the sons of Tippoo, the enemy surrendered, -and the capture of this important city and fortress was achieved. - -The regiment had seventeen men killed, and forty-nine wounded -during the siege, and Lieutenant Shawe was shot through the leg -in the assault; the following officers died during the siege from -extraordinary fatigue and the effects of the climate; Major Allen, -Captain Buckeridge, Lieutenants Percival and Gahan, and Assistant -Surgeon Bacot. - -On the following day it was stated in orders:--'The -Commander-in-Chief congratulates the gallant army he has the honor -to command on the conquest of yesterday; the effects arising from -the attainment of such an acquisition as far exceed the present -limits of detail, as the unremitting zeal, labour, and unparalleled -valour of the troops surpass the power of praise for services so -incalculable in their consequences: he must consider the troops -well entitled to the gratitude of their country.' - -The Governor-General stated in a letter to Lieut.-General Harris, -'With the warmest sensation of admiration, affection, and -attachment, I offer my cordial thanks, and zealous congratulations -to you and all the officers and privates composing the gallant -army, which has achieved this glorious and decisive victory, with -a degree of energy, rapidity, and of skill, unparalleled in this -quarter of the globe, and seldom equalled in any part of the world.' - -In general orders by Government, it was stated--'The Right -Honorable the Governor-General in Council, having this day received -from the Commander-in-Chief of the allied army in the field, the -official detail of the glorious and decisive victory obtained at -Seringapatam, on the 4th May, offers his cordial thanks and sincere -congratulations to the Commander-in-Chief and all the officers and -men composing the gallant army which achieved the capture of the -capital of Mysore on that memorable day. - -'His Lordship views with admiration, the consummate judgment with -which the assault was planned, the unequalled rapidity, animation, -and skill, with which it was executed, and the humanity which -distinguished its success. - -'Under the favour of Providence and the justice of our cause, the -established character of the army had inspired an early confidence -that the war, in which we were engaged, would be brought to a -speedy, prosperous, and honorable issue; but the events of the -4th of May, while they even surpassed the sanguine expectation -of the Governor-General in Council, have raised the reputation -of the British arms in India to a degree of splendour and glory, -unrivalled in the military history of this quarter of the globe, -and seldom approached in any part of the world. - -'The lustre of the victory can be equalled only by the substantial -advantages which it promises to establish, by restoring the peace -and safety of the British possessions in India, and a durable -foundation of genuine security. - -'The Governor-General in Council reflects with pride, satisfaction, -and gratitude, that in this arduous crisis, the spirit and -exertions of our Indian army have kept pace with those of our -countrymen at home; and that in India, as in Europe, Great Britain -has found in the malevolent designs of her enemies, an increasing -source of her own prosperity, fame, and power.' - -[Illustration: - - _Heath del._ _Madeley Lith. 3 Wellington S^t Strand._ - - TWELFTH REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - STORMING OF SERINGAPATAM MAY 4^{TH} 1799. - - _For Cannons Military Records._] - -The territory subject to the late Tippoo Sultan was divided: to -Great Britain was allotted the capital and several extensive -districts; another portion was given to the Nizam; and a third to -the Mahratta power; the remainder continued to form an independent -state under a descendant of the ancient rulers of Mysore. Thus -was the hostile combination against England confounded, British -territory extended, and its power and revenue increased. The -TWELFTH regiment was afterwards rewarded with the royal authority -to bear the word SERINGAPATAM on its colours, to commemorate its -gallant conduct during this war, and the officers received medals -from the East India Company.[20] The regiment captured eight stand -of colours from the troops of Tippoo Sultan at the storming of the -capital. - -After encamping a short time near Seringapatam, and afterwards near -Yarriagoranelly, the regiment marched into garrison at the captured -fortress; but while it was stationed there, a partisan, named -Dhoondia, excited the Mysoreans to take arms in opposition to the -allied powers, which occasioned orders to be issued for the TWELFTH -foot again to take the field. This partisan assembled an irregular -force, and gained possession of several fortified places. When a -small body of troops was sent against him, he fled, and was pursued -to the frontiers of the Mysore country. - -[Sidenote: 1800] - -The regiment was afterwards encamped near Seringapatam, where it -was joined in December, 1800, by the seventy-seventh foot, some -battalions of Sepoys, and a proportion of native cavalry, forming -a small army under Colonel Pater, for the purpose of reducing the -warlike tribes of the _Wynaad_ country,--a mountainous district -overrun with woods, and comprising about twelve hundred square -miles, situate in the province of Malabar. - -[Sidenote: 1801] - -Leaving the vicinity of Seringapatam on the 26th of December, five -companies of the regiment arrived at Manantoddy on the 9th of -January, 1801, and were employed until the 23rd of that month, in -stockading the small hill fort, and in making arrangements for -entering the woody districts of the Wynaad country. - -From Manantoddy the TWELFTH proceeded to Peria Colgum, where they -constructed a redoubt: they afterwards marched to Lackerry Cottah, -at which village another redoubt was constructed. - -The little army under Colonel Pater traversed the country in -almost every practicable direction, ascending hills, cutting roads -through almost impenetrable jungle of bamboos, skirmishing with the -warlike inhabitants, and forcing them to submit, in which service -the TWELFTH had several men killed and wounded: the climate, and -extraordinary fatigue undergone by the troops, also occasioned -the loss of many lives from disease. The Wynaad country having -been forced to submit, and the hostile rajah taken prisoner, the -companies of the TWELFTH regiment employed in this service returned -to Seringapatam. - -The regiment quitted Seringapatam in the middle of October, 1801, -and proceeded to Trichinopoly, a celebrated city and fortress, -situate on a hill, or rock, three hundred and fifty feet high, -on the south bank of the river Cavery, opposite the island of -Seringam, famous for its magnificent Hindoo temples. - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -At Trichinopoly the regiment was joined in January, 1802, by the -remains of two companies, which had embarked on board of His -Majesty's ships, at Madras, for Batavia. These companies had -suffered severely from the climate of the island of Java; and of -the five officers and one hundred and twenty-five men who embarked -at Madras, only three officers and sixty-three soldiers returned; -Lieutenants Gordon and Neville and sixty-two men died of fevers, -and other diseases. - -[Sidenote: 1803] - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -Three companies had been stationed under Major John Picton, at -Vellore, in the Carnatic, the residence of the family of the late -Tippoo Sultan, consisting of his brother, twelve sons, eight -daughters, and an immense number of women; and these companies were -afterwards employed against the insurgent sect called the Polygans, -in which several non-commissioned officers and soldiers were -killed and wounded; Lieutenant William Firth was also wounded, and -Lieutenant Parker died of the jungle fever. After the performance -of this service, the three companies joined the regiment at -Trichinopoly, where the TWELFTH were stationed during the years -1803 and 1804. - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -[Sidenote: 1806] - -In August, 1805, the regiment marched to Seringapatam, where a -very fatal fever broke out in 1806, when the TWELFTH removed to an -encampment at some distance from the fortress; but they lost many -officers and soldiers in that and the following year. - -[Sidenote: 1807] - -In April, 1807, more than half the surviving officers and men were -suffering from disease, when an order arrived for the remainder to -march to the coast of Malabar, and occupy quarters at the port of -Cannanore, where the regiment was stationed upwards of eighteen -months. - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -At Cannanore the health of the men was restored, and when inspected -in 1808, by Colonel Cuppage, a district order was published, in -which the colonel expressed 'his thanks to Captain Eustace and -the officers and men of His Majesty's TWELFTH regiment, for their -handsome appearance at the review. The dress, steadiness, and -general appearance of the men, marked the great attention paid to -their discipline, and their uniform good conduct and friendly -disposition towards the natives reflect every credit on the corps.' - -While the TWELFTH foot were at Cannanore, some disputes, of a -tedious and complicated character, occurred between the British -and the Rajah of _Travancore_, a province situate at the -south-west extremity of Hindoostan. In 1795, a treaty of alliance -was concluded between the British and the Rajah, who agreed to -subsidize three battalions of Sepoys for the defence of his -dominions; when the disputes with the Rajah came to a crisis, these -battalions were at the port of _Coulan_ (or _Quilon_), and they -were threatened with destruction by the natives, together with -every person in the British interest. While the execution of these -menaces was delayed, the TWELFTH regiment embarked, towards the end -of December, 1808, in potamars (small undecked vessels), to proceed -along the coast a distance of three hundred miles to Coulan, in the -Travancore country. Four of these boats, having three companies -and a half on board, arrived at their destination in a few days, -and were immediately landed, to the great joy of the Sepoys. A -severe gale of wind dispersed the boats containing the other -companies of the regiment, and several of them were wrecked on -the coast of Cochin, a small province on the north of Travancore, -but by great exertions the soldiers were saved; others gained the -port of Cochin, where they remained until the storm was over. One -potamar, containing Serjeant-Major Tilsey and thirty-three rank -and file, was driven on the coast of Travancore, near _Alleppi_, -when the natives sent off several small canoes. The soldiers, -believing they had arrived at the friendly port of Coulan, went on -board the canoes two or three at a time, but on landing they were -overpowered by the natives, their wrists broken with an iron bar, -their hands tied behind them, and they were cast into a dungeon, -where they remained several days without food. They were afterwards -conducted, when scarcely able to walk, to a high ground near the -sea, and precipitated into a watery grave. The serjeant-major was -reserved to the last, and as he witnessed his companions in arms -successively hurled headlong into the deep, he struggled to release -himself, and tore pieces of flesh from his shoulders with his -teeth, exclaiming 'Let me die like a soldier!' but the barbarians -derided him, and eventually put an end to his torments in the -same manner as the others. A negro youth, who accompanied this -portion of the regiment as cook, witnessed this tragic scene, and -was menaced with the same fate, but was spared, and he afterwards -made known the fate of the party. Another potamar, having nearly -a company on board, under Lieutenant George Blanchard Gray and -Adjutant Hayes, approached the coast a few miles from Coulan, and -were, in consequence of the shattered state of the vessel, deciding -on the propriety of landing, when a volley of musketry from the -shore announced the hostile intentions of the natives. The vessel -was bound together with some large tents, to prevent its splitting, -and it arrived safely at Cochin, but went to pieces in the harbour. -All the potamars being damaged, other vessels were procured to -continue the voyage. - -The officers and men of the regiment, who arrived at Coulan on -the 29th of December, joined the Sepoys encamped near the town. -On the evening of the same day, the Travancoreans attacked the -piquet under Captain Clapham of the Sepoys; the fire of musketry -and artillery indicating a sharp conflict, Lieut.-Colonel Chalmers, -commanding the troops at that station, detached Ensign James -Keappock, and forty men of the TWELFTH, to support the Sepoys, and -the enemy was forced to retire, leaving about eighty men dead on -the scene of conflict. - -The Travancoreans were excited to rage and fury against the -British, who had thus gained a footing in the heart of their -country; they assembled in immense multitudes before the camp, kept -up an incessant fire on the piquets, and heavy columns menaced -the encampment; the soldiers were thus kept constantly ready for -action, and they lay on their arms night and day. - -[Sidenote: 1809] - -On the 8th of January, 1809, the remainder of the regiment arrived -at Coulan, excepting one company, commanded by Lieutenant Thomas -Thompson, left with six hundred Sepoys and several guns for the -defence of Cochin. The men of the TWELFTH, with the Sepoys and -guns which had arrived, were landed as expeditiously as possible; -but the force was obliged to remain encamped on a sandy plain near -the sea, enclosed by an almost impenetrable forest of cocoa-nut -trees, from the want of means for carrying on active operations. -The Resident prohibited the felling of the trees to conciliate the -natives; but this produced no advantage, and the wood afforded -shelter to the Travancorean marksmen, who annoyed the camp with -their fire, keeping the troops in a constant state of alarm; the -outposts were also frequently attacked by parties of the enemy. - -Before daylight, on the 15th of January, a tumultuous noise in -the wood proclaimed the approach of an immense number of men, and -at break of day the Travancoreans commenced an attack along the -whole front of the British line, at the same time heavy columns -were seen among the trees threatening both flanks. Thinking the -attack was a surprise, the enemy fired his artillery at the tents; -but when sufficient light enabled the Travancoreans to see the -British ranks, they immediately directed their guns on the TWELFTH -regiment, as if desirous of annihilating the Europeans first. -Thus perilously exposed to the enemy's numerous artillery, the -British instantly advanced the right wing of the TWELFTH and two -battalions of Sepoys against the enemy's left, and the left wing -of the TWELFTH, with one battalion of Sepoys, against the right -of the enemy's line. The whole force was instantly brought into -close action; but the British had only five small field-pieces -to answer the fire of the forty guns brought into action by the -enemy: the British musketry was, however, well directed, and the -incessant peals which echoed in the woods announced a vigorous -contest, which was continued for several hours, during which clouds -of barbed arrows, from the enemy's local troops, inflicted painful -wounds on the British soldiers. About mid-day, the TWELFTH were -ordered to charge with bayonets, and capture the enemy's artillery; -they rushed forward with distinguished bravery, the soldiers -shouting "Remember our murdered comrades at Alleppi!" as they -precipitated themselves upon their opponents. The Travancoreans -made a resolute defence, many of them being bayoneted at their -guns; and a discharge of grape-shot, from one field-piece, killed -eleven grenadiers of the TWELFTH regiment. During this contest -many distinguished acts of gallantry were displayed by the officers -and men, and Ensign Keappock, being attacked by two opponents, -slew them. Finally both wings of the regiment were triumphant; -heaps of Travancoreans fell beneath the bayonets of the TWELFTH, -who captured eighteen brass field-pieces. The loss of these guns -intimidated the enemy, who retired about three o'clock in the -afternoon, leaving five thousand killed and wounded on the field of -battle. The British were unable to follow up the advantage, from -the want of stores, which prevented their quitting the coast. - -The enemy appears to have been very confident of success on this -occasion, and to have been intent on the annihilation of the -Europeans; several Travancoreans of their Carnatic brigade were -taken prisoners, and ropes being found in their possession, they -were questioned on the subject, when they confessed that the cords -were brought for the purpose of hanging the British soldiers, and -that the British officers were to have been trampled to death by -elephants. - -The regiment had fifty men killed and wounded; no officers were -killed, but the following were wounded--Captain Richard Bayley, -Lieutenant M. J. Molloy, and Surgeon Robert Erskine. - -On the succeeding day, the following statement was published in -orders,--'It is with the greatest satisfaction that Lieut.-Colonel -Chalmers congratulates the troops he has the honour to command, on -the glorious success obtained yesterday, against the attack of an -enemy whose force did not amount to less than thirty thousand men. -He begs leave to offer his most particular thanks to Lieut.-Colonel -PICTON, who commanded the right wing of this little force, with a -wing of the TWELFTH regiment, and to the officers, non-commissioned -officers, and privates, whose gallantry and high discipline have, -on all occasions, appeared conspicuous. Lieut.-Colonel Chalmers has -to offer his thanks to Major HAMILTON, who commanded on the left, -with a wing of His Majesty's TWELFTH regiment, and to the officers, -non-commissioned officers, and privates, whose gallant conduct -needs no further comment, than that they belonged to His Majesty's -TWELFTH.' The Political Resident, Colonel C. Macauly, stated in a -letter to Lieut.-Colonel Chalmers, 'I have received the details of -the victory over the united force of the Divan--an achievement that -reflects signal honour on the discipline and animated valour of the -troops under your command, and sheds fresh lustre on the British -arms.' - -A numerous army of opponents continued to hover near the British -force at Coulan, and it was deemed advisable to cut down many of -the trees, to throw up a breast-work in front of the encampment, -and to construct a redoubt, which was armed with the guns taken -from the enemy. - -In the mean time, the company of the TWELFTH under Lieutenant -Thompson, with the battalion of Sepoys, commanded by Major Hewett, -left for the defence of the port of _Cochin_, had been attacked -by the troops of the Rajah of the province of Cochin. During the -action, the Sepoys gave way, and the company of the TWELFTH had to -maintain a desperate struggle with very superior numbers. The enemy -was repulsed, and the inhabitants of Cochin were preserved from -a general massacre, with which they had been menaced for being -favourable to the British interests; they openly attributed their -preservation to the distinguished heroism of the company of the -TWELFTH, which had half its non-commissioned officers and private -soldiers killed and wounded; Lieutenant Thompson was severely -wounded, and died a short time afterwards. - -The TWELFTH regiment and Sepoys continued to resist the armed -population of Travancore and the numerous forces of the Rajah; -but being constantly harassed by the approach of bodies of the -enemy, the physical powers of the soldiers became diminished, and -their numbers decreased by disease; but the innate valour of the -troops remained unabated. Before daylight on the 31st of January, -the Travancoreans made another effort to surprise the camp; but -a rocket announced their approach, and the British were under -arms, as they usually were, at three o'clock in the morning: many -of the cocoa-nut trees had been cut down to enlarge the plain, -and as the enemy's heavy columns emerged from the wood, a sharp -cannonade was opened upon them; but they formed line under fire -and advanced, when the guns of the redoubt rent chasms in their -ranks. Undismayed by the storm of grape and bullets which smote -their ranks, the Travancoreans pressed forward, and endeavoured to -establish several guns on a rising ground; but the artillery of the -redoubt dismounted their ordnance. After keeping up an irregular -fire of musketry for some time, they withdrew from the front, and -concentrating on the right, renewed the attack with greater vigour, -when the left wing of the TWELFTH regiment was detached under -Captain William Henry Forssteen, to aid the Sepoys on that flank. -On the arrival of the TWELFTH on the right, a charge with bayonets -was executed with great vigour and the Travancoreans fled from the -field, leaving one brass six-pounder behind them; several other -guns were preserved by the swiftness of the elephants. - -On the following day, the troops were thanked in orders 'for the -steady and cool manner in which they met and repulsed the attack of -the enemy.' - -After this defeat, in which they lost an immense number of men, -the Travancoreans did not hazard another general attack; but they -frequently endeavoured to surprise the piquets in the night, in -which they were always defeated. On the 13th of February, the -nineteenth regiment arrived from Columbo; and the troops were only -prevented advancing up the country from the want of stores and the -means of conveyance. A small supply having arrived, they advanced -in two columns, the first composed of the TWELFTH and a battalion -of Sepoys, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Picton; and the second, of -the nineteenth and a battalion of Sepoys, under Lieut.-Colonel -Stewart, and by a combined attack they captured the enemy's -stockade and extensive breast-works, in gallant style, on the 21st -of February. - -In the meantime another British force had penetrated the -Travancore country under Colonel St. Leger, and this army arrived -at Travandapatam, the capital, without meeting with serious -opposition. The refractory Rajah made overtures for peace, and the -TWELFTH regiment returned to Coulan, detaching the flank companies -to the capital. - -The regiment commenced its march for Seringapatam, on the 23rd of -May; but was forced to halt several days in consequence of the -heavy rains of the Malabar monsoon, which rendered the rivers -impassable, swept away part of the regimental baggage, and drowned -several men in the rapid currents which rushed along the low -grounds. On the 24th of July the regiment arrived at Trichinopoly. - -[Sidenote: 1810] - -In Europe, the war with France was being prosecuted with vigour, -and in the month of March, 1810, the flank companies of the -regiment were completed to one hundred rank and file each, and -marched under Captain Forssteen, for Madras, to take part in an -expedition against the French island of _Bourbon_, situate in -the Indian ocean, about four hundred miles east of Madagascar. -In June the expedition arrived at Rodriguez, and in July came in -sight of the island of Bourbon, when the surf was so high as to -render a landing dangerous; an attempt was, however, made; the -light infantry of the TWELFTH in a small schooner, and about three -hundred men of the thirty-third and sixty-ninth regiments in boats, -approached the shore and effected a landing with the loss of a few -men drowned; but the schooner and boats were dashed to pieces, the -soldiers' ammunition damaged, and many of their arms lost. As no -more men could be landed, Lieutenant Foulkstone of the sixty-ninth -regiment volunteered to swim through the surf and convey orders to -Lieut.-Colonel Macleod, to take possession of _St. Marie_. This -order was instantly obeyed, and the light infantry of the TWELFTH -distinguished themselves in storming the batteries, in which -service they had two private soldiers killed; Lieutenants John -Spinks, and John B. Whannell, with five rank and file wounded. The -grenadier company of the TWELFTH, and other corps afterwards landed -at Grand Chaloupe, and by their spirited conduct, particularly the -gallant behaviour of the eighty-sixth regiment, the reduction of -the island was speedily accomplished. - -While the flank companies were engaged in this service, the -regiment was stationed at Wallajahbad, from whence it marched, in -August, to St. Thomas's Mount, and in September to Madras, where -it embarked on board the "Russell," of seventy-four guns, and the -"Cornwallis," "Hesper," "Cornelia," "Bucephalus," and "Clorinde" -frigates, to take part in the expedition against the _Mauritius_, -or _Isle of France_, another island in the Indian sea, belonging -to France; the grenadiers and light infantry of the regiment also -embarked from St. Paul's in the island of Bourbon, to share in -the enterprise. On the 28th of November the armament approached -the Isle of France, and the troops effected a landing in the bay -of Mapon, when one brigade was ordered into a large wood, through -which it was necessary to pass. The light company of the TWELFTH -under Captain Forssteen, preceded by a section under Lieutenant -Ashe, penetrated among the trees, and skirmished with a French -piquet, in which service two men were killed, and Lieutenant -Ashe and three private soldiers wounded. After a march of nine -miles, the light infantry of the TWELFTH halted on some low ground -surrounded by jungle. The weather was very hot, water could not -be procured, and the sufferings of the soldiers, in consequence, -were very severe; but on the following day some alleviation of -suffering was obtained by sucking the dew from the herbage, and -advancing to the powder mills, within five miles of Port Louis, the -capital, clear streams of water were discovered. While halting at -this place, the piquets were attacked by the enemy, when the rifle -company of the TWELFTH, and the light infantry of the fifty-ninth, -dashed forward, and drove back the French skirmishers, wounding -General de Caen. - -On the following morning the army advanced, the grenadiers of the -TWELFTH being in front, and the light infantry on the flanks, -under Captains Firth and Forssteen, Lieutenant Keappock commanding -the leading section of grenadiers. While advancing along a narrow -road, through a country covered with underwood, the army was -suddenly assailed with grape shot, from an eminence; but a charge -with bayonets forced the French to withdraw. Arriving at some open -grounds, the British formed line, when the French abandoned their -guns and retreated towards the town, leaving a body of troops on a -mountain on the British left. The TWELFTH were ordered to storm the -height, and they raised a loud shout, and soon gained the summit, -when the French fled, leaving a gun behind them. - -The officers and soldiers of the regiment evinced great heroism -in these services; Lieutenant Keappock was wounded in the side, -but continued at his post until a shot in the head forced him -to retire; his honourable, though dangerous post, was taken by -Lieutenant Jenkins, who received a severe contusion on the breast -by a ball, but continued at the head of the leading section. - -In this short but brilliant and decisive service, the regiment -had Major Jeremiah O'Keefe, one drummer, and sixteen rank and -file killed; Lieutenants Keappock and Ashe, three serjeants, and -twenty-eight rank and file wounded; five men missing. - -The French Governor, General de Caen, seeing no prospect of being -able to make effectual resistance, surrendered the island. This -enterprise was thus successfully accomplished, and the conduct of -the TWELFTH regiment was commended in orders, also in the public -despatch of Major-General Abercromby. - -After the surrender of the Isle of France, the flank companies -proceeded to Port Louis, and the battalion companies descended -the Long Mountain, and embarked from Tortue bay, in the "Psyche" -frigate, for Grand Port, where they were joined by the flank -companies, after being separated eleven months. - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -General Picton died on the 14th of October, 1811, in his -eighty-fourth year, and was succeeded in the Colonelcy of the -TWELFTH foot, by Lieut.-General Sir Charles Hastings, Baronet, from -the seventy-seventh regiment of foot. - -The regiment was stationed in the Isle of France during the years -1811 and 1812. - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -In the meantime the war with France was approaching to a crisis; -Napoleon Bonaparte had attained the summit of power, and the -efforts of Great Britain were commensurate with the importance -of the contest; the army was augmented, and in the autumn of -1811 a _second battalion_ was added to the TWELFTH regiment of -four hundred and fifty-one officers and soldiers, into which the -recruiting companies of the regiment were incorporated. - -In the autumn of 1812, the second battalion proceeded to Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -In April, 1813, the first battalion embarked from Port Louis, for -the island of Bourbon, where it was stationed nearly two years. - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -During this period the tyrannical power of Bonaparte had been -overthrown, and the Bourbon dynasty restored to the throne of -France. On the re-establishment of peace in Europe, the island of -Bourbon was restored to the French monarchy, and in consequence of -this arrangement the regiment embarked from St. Denis on the 3rd of -April, 1815; the French soldiers, who arrived from Europe to take -possession of the island, landing as the British went on board the -ships prepared to receive them. - -The Mauritius, or Isle of France, was retained by the British -government, and the TWELFTH foot having been selected to form part -of the garrison of that valuable island, immediately proceeded -thither. - -Soon afterwards, Bonaparte quitted the island of Elba, in violation -of his engagements, and regained the throne of France, when the -powers of Europe took arms against the usurper, and his veteran -legions were overpowered in the field of Waterloo by the allied -army under Field Marshal His Grace the Duke of Wellington, on the -18th of June, 1815. To replace the losses of the British army at -Waterloo, additional forces were sent to the continent, and the -second battalion of the TWELFTH regiment, which had returned to -England a few months previously from Ireland, embarked for Flanders -on the 27th of June, under the command of Colonel Julius Stirke; -it landed at Ostend and advanced to Paris, where the campaign was -terminated by the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne -of France. Peace being again established in Europe, the battalion -returned to England in December. - -In June, 1815, the rifle company of the first battalion proceeded -to Bengal, and formed part of a field brigade assembled for -service; it, however, returned to the Mauritius in November. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -In January, 1816, the second battalion again proceeded to Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -The first battalion continued to form part of the garrison of the -Mauritius during the year 1816, and the first six months of 1817; -on the 1st of July of the latter year, a serious fire broke out at -Port Louis, when the exertions of the garrison to extinguish the -flames, called forth the admiration and thanks of the inhabitants, -which were communicated to the troops by the governor. - -Transports having arrived to convey the regiment to Europe, a -general order was published, in which it was stated, 'Major-General -Sir Edward Butler, in taking leave of the TWELFTH regiment, feels -himself highly gratified in stating, that its conduct, during -its services in this island, has, in every particular, been such -as to meet with his highest approbation, and he begs to assure -Lieut.-Colonel Forssteen, the officers, non-commissioned officers, -and men of the TWELFTH regiment, that they carry with them his -warmest wishes for their prosperity and welfare.' - -The regiment sailed from Port Louis on the 25th of July, arrived -at Portsmouth on the 10th of November, and afterwards proceeded to -Cork, where it landed on the 26th of December, after an absence -from Europe of nearly twenty-two years. - -A representation of the distinguished services of the regiment -in the Travancore country, and other parts of India, with its -gallantry at the capture of the islands of Bourbon and Mauritius, -procured for it the royal authority to bear the word "INDIA" on its -colours. - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -From Cork the regiment marched to Athlone, where it arrived on the -9th of January, 1818; and joined the second battalion, which was -stationed at that place. - -[Sidenote: 1820] - -On the 16th of January the second battalion was disbanded at -Athlone, transferring six hundred and sixty men to the first -battalion. The regiment performed duty in the counties of Cork, -Limerick, and Clare, until June, 1820, when it marched to Dublin. - -In the autumn of the same year, the regiment embarked for England; -it landed at Liverpool, and was afterwards stationed at Manchester -and Macclesfield. - -[Sidenote: 1821] - -On the regiment quitting these quarters, in February, 1821, -Major-General Sir James Lyon stated, in a letter to Lieut.-Colonel -Forssteen, 'Although the TWELFTH foot have been stationed but a -short time in this place, I cannot refrain from expressing to you, -that no military change could have given me more concern than their -departure. I have had every opportunity of observing their uniform -good conduct and strict attention to every branch of discipline, -and nothing but satisfaction has ever been manifested to me by the -civil authorities, and the inhabitants in general, on the very -exemplary behaviour of the men. I beg of you to make known to the -corps, the value I attach to the honor of having had a regiment of -such high character placed under my orders, and that I must ever -take an interest in its welfare and success.' - -From Lancashire, the regiment marched to Portsmouth, where it -embarked for Jersey and Guernsey. - -[Sidenote: 1822] - -[Sidenote: 1823] - -While stationed at these islands, the appearance of the regiment, -the conduct of the men, and the excellent system of interior -economy which existed in the corps, elicited the commendations of -Major-General Sir Colin Halkett, at the inspections in October, -1821, May and October, 1822; and when the TWELFTH were about to -return to England, in May, 1823, the Major-General repeated his -expressions of approbation, with his warm interest in the welfare -of the corps. The conduct of the four companies at Guernsey, under -Major Bayley, was also specially commended by the Lieut.-Governor, -Colonel Sir John Colborne. - -On arriving in England, the regiment was stationed at Chatham and -Sheerness until October, when it proceeded to Fort Cumberland. - -On the decease of General Sir Charles Hastings, Baronet, the -Colonelcy was conferred on Lieut.-General the Honorable Robert -Meade, from the ninetieth regiment, by commission dated the 9th of -October, 1823. - -The regiment having received orders to transfer its services -to Gibraltar, the scene of its former triumphs, it embarked on -board of His Majesty's Ships "Ganges" and "Superb," on the 8th of -November, and arrived at that celebrated fortress on the 25th of -the same month. - -[Sidenote: 1825] - -In 1825, the establishment of the regiment was augmented from eight -to ten companies, _six_ to be considered _service companies_ and -remain at Gibraltar, and _four depôt_ companies to be stationed in -the United Kingdom; in consequence of this arrangement the officers -and non-commissioned officers of two companies were sent to England. - -[Sidenote: 1827] - -A new pair of Colours having been provided for the regiment, and -bearing the following honorary distinctions, the words "MINDEN," -"GIBRALTAR" with the Castle and Key and the motto '_Montis Insignia -Calpé_,' "SERINGAPATAM" and "INDIA," they were presented to the -corps, on the 28th of June, 1827, by General Sir George Don, who -addressed the commanding officer (Major-Turberville), the officers, -and soldiers, to the following effect:-- - -'It appears by the record of the TWELFTH Regiment, to which I -have the honor of presenting these colours, that among the many -valiant deeds of the corps, it achieved distinguished glory at -the battle of _Minden_. In 1797 I attended the renowned Duke -of Brunswick on the spot where this battle was fought; after -His Serene Highness had shown me the position occupied by the -British, he said, _It was here the conflict was most obstinate -and it was here that the British Infantry gained immortal glory_. -This Rock, and Seringapatam, were afterwards among the scenes -where the TWELFTH Regiment distinguished itself, and which are -immortalized in the history of our country. Being myself a soldier -of fifty-seven years' standing, I am alive to every instance of -meritorious conduct in my brother soldiers, and it is extremely -gratifying to me to reflect, that the TWELFTH Regiment, which so -early established its fame, has continued to augment it on every -occasion; and I am confident that whenever these Colours shall -be displayed before an enemy, the regiment will, by its valiant -conduct, add to the number of glorious records with which they are -graced.' - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -In 1828 the garrison of Gibraltar was afflicted with a severe -epidemic fever, which occasioned the death of upwards of five -hundred soldiers; the inhabitants suffered much more severely than -the troops. During the prevalence of the disease, the TWELFTH were -encamped for four months on the neutral ground, where they were -reviewed on the 27th of December, by the Lieut.-Governor Sir -George Don, who expressed to Lieut.-Colonel Bayley, his entire -approbation of the appearance of the corps, of its discipline, and -interior economy. Eight officers, and two hundred and eighteen -non-commissioned officers and soldiers, had been afflicted with -the fever, of which number, two officers (Lieutenant Forssteen and -Ensign Werge) and fifty-three soldiers had died. - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -The regiment remained at Gibraltar until the spring of 1834, when -it embarked for England, and landed at Portsmouth, from whence it -marched to Winchester, and during the winter into Lancashire. - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -[Sidenote: 1836] - -In November 1835, the regiment embarked at Liverpool for Ireland; -it landed at Dublin, and was quartered in that city until October -1836, when it proceeded to Athlone. - -[Sidenote: 1837] - -The regiment was again divided into six service and four depôt -companies in the summer of 1837; and in August, the service -companies embarked at Cork for the Mauritius, where they arrived in -December, and landed at Port Louis. - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -During the year 1838 the depôt companies were stationed at Kinsale -and Tralee. - -[Sidenote: 1839] - -On the augmentation of the army in August, 1839, the establishment -of the TWELFTH was increased to forty-seven serjeants, fourteen -drummers, and eight hundred rank and file. - -[Sidenote: 1840] - -[Sidenote: 1841] - -In May, 1839, the depôt companies embarked at Cork for Wales, -and continued to be stationed at Newtown, Builth, and Brecon, -until May, 1840, when they proceeded to Scotland and occupied the -barracks at Paisley until May, 1841, when they returned to South -Britain and were stationed at Sunderland. - -[Sidenote: 1842] - -In April, 1842, the TWELFTH Regiment having been augmented to an -establishment of one lieut.-colonel, twelve captains, fourteen -lieutenants, ten ensigns, six staff officers, sixty-seven -serjeants, twenty-five drummers, and twelve hundred rank and file, -was ordered to be separated into two battalions; the six service -companies abroad being termed the First battalion, and the depôt, -augmented to six companies, being styled the Reserve battalion. - -[Sidenote: 1843] - -The depôt was consequently removed from Sunderland to Weedon in -May, 1842, and receiving 255 volunteers from other corps, was there -organised for foreign service. The reserve battalion embarked from -Portsmouth in the "Java" transport for the Mauritius in November, -1842, under the command of Major Sir Robert Douglas, Bart., but was -disembarked at the Cape of Good Hope, and remained there until May, -1843, when it proceeded to its original destination. - -[Sidenote: 1847] - -On the 2nd of November, 1847, Her Majesty's Troopship "Resistance" -arrived with the first battalion of the Fifth Fusiliers for the -purpose of relieving the first battalion of the TWELFTH Regiment, -which embarked from the Mauritius on the 16th of December, under -the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Patton. - -[Sidenote: 1848] - -The first battalion arrived at Spithead on the 1st of March, 1848, -and disembarked on the 3rd of March at Portsmouth, where it was -joined by the depôt company from the Isle of Wight. The reserve -battalion, after being completed by the transfer of effective men -from the first battalion, continued at the Mauritius. - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF THE - -TWELFTH, OR EAST SUFFOLK - -REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - -HENRY DUKE OF NORFOLK, K. G. - -_Appointed 20th of June, 1685._ - -HENRY HOWARD, son of Henry sixth Duke of Norfolk, sat in the -House of Lords by the title of Lord Mowbray, in the lifetime of -his father, and on the death of Prince Rupert, in 1682, he was -nominated Governor and Constable of Windsor Castle and Warden -of the forest at Windsor, also Lord-lieutenant of the counties -of Berks and Surrey. On the decease of his father, in 1684, he -succeeded to the dignity of DUKE OF NORFOLK, and of Earl Marshal of -England, and he was also constituted Lord-lieutenant of Norfolk. -On the accession of King James II., he was one of the peers who -signed the order for His Majesty's proclamation, and he was -shortly afterwards elected a Knight Companion of the most noble -Order of the Garter. He took an active part in favour of the King, -on the breaking out of the rebellion of James Duke of Monmouth, -and interested himself in the raising of a corps of pikemen and -musketeers, now TWELFTH foot, of which he was appointed colonel, -and of which his garrison company at Windsor Castle formed a part. -In a few months after tranquillity was restored, he relinquished -the command of the regiment, but continued to attend at court, and -witnessed, with painful emotions, the predilection of the King in -favour of papacy and arbitrary government. On one occasion His -Majesty gave the Duke of Norfolk the sword of state to carry before -him to the Roman Catholic chapel; but on arriving at the door, His -Grace stopped, not being willing to enter the chapel, when the King -said, "My Lord, your father would have gone further;" to which the -Duke replied, "Your Majesty's father was the better man, and he -would not have gone so far."[21] - -The DUKE OF NORFOLK continued faithful to the interests of the -Protestant religion, and was one of the peers who invited the -Prince of Orange to come to England with an army to oppose the -proceedings of the court. When the Prince landed, His Grace was in -London, and signed the petition to the King for a free Parliament; -His Majesty replied, "They should have a Parliament, and such -a one as they asked for, when the Prince of Orange had quitted -the realm:" and commenced his journey, on the same day, to place -himself at the head of his army. His Grace set out for his seat in -Norfolk, declared for the Prince of Orange, and brought over that, -and some of the neighbouring counties, to the Prince's interest. -On the accession of the Prince and Princess of Orange to the -throne, His Grace was sworn a member of the privy council, and he -took an active part in raising a regiment for the King's service, -now the Twenty-second foot, of which he was appointed Colonel, by -commission dated the 16th of March, 1689. He died on the 2nd of -April, 1701. - - -EDWARD EARL OF LICHFIELD. - -_Appointed 14th June, 1686._ - -SIR EDWARD HENRY LEE, of Ditchley, Baronet, was advanced to the -peerage by King Charles II., in 1674, by the titles of Baron of -Spelsbury, in the county of Bucks, and EARL OF LICHFIELD. He was -appointed one of the Lords of the bedchamber to King James II., -also Custos Rotulorum for the county of Oxford, high steward of -the borough of Woodstock, and lord-lieutenant of Woodstock park. -In 1686 he succeeded the Duke of Norfolk in the colonelcy of the -regiment, now TWELFTH foot, which he continued to command until -November, 1688, when, being a staunch supporter of the measures of -the court, he was removed to the colonelcy of the first regiment of -foot guards, which he only held a few weeks, the Prince of Orange -conferring that appointment on the Duke of Grafton. The Earl of -Lichfield was not afterwards employed in a military capacity. He -died on the 14th of July, 1716. - - -ROBERT LORD HUNSDON. - -_Appointed 30th November, 1688._ - -SIR ROBERT CAREY, Knight, served in a military capacity in the -reign of King Charles II., and succeeded, on the decease of John -Earl of Dover without issue, to the dignity of LORD HUNSDON. He -was one of the supporters of the measures of King James II., who -appointed him Lieut.-Colonel of the old Holland regiment (now Third -foot) in 1685, and in November, 1688, promoted him to the colonelcy -of the TWELFTH foot, from which he was removed, at the Revolution, -by the Prince of Orange. He died in 1692. - - -HENRY WHARTON. - -_Appointed 31st December, 1688._ - -HENRY WHARTON served in the foot guards in the reign of King -Charles II., and in the summer of 1685, when the Duke of Monmouth -raised the standard of rebellion in the west of England, he raised -a company of foot for the service of King James II., which was -incorporated in the Duke of Norfolk's regiment. He proved a very -zealous and determined supporter of the interests of the Protestant -religion, and on the 31st of December, 1688, the Prince of Orange -promoted him to the Colonelcy of the regiment. He served in -Ireland under Marshal Duke Schomberg, signalized himself at the -siege of Carrickfergus, and evinced, on all occasions, so much -personal bravery and spirit of enterprise, united with a generous -disposition and a kind regard for the interests of his soldiers, -that he was beloved by his regiment. He died at Dundalk in October, -1689, much regretted by the officers and men of his regiment. - - -RICHARD BREWER. - -_Appointed 1st November, 1689._ - -RICHARD BREWER raised a company of pikemen and musketeers for Sir -Edward Hales's regiment, now Fourteenth foot, in the summer of -1685, and served in that corps until the Revolution. He prized the -established religion and constitution of his country too highly -to permit himself to aid in their destruction, and he espoused -the principles of the Revolution with great warmth. On the 31st -of December, 1688, he was promoted to the Lieut.-Colonelcy of the -TWELFTH foot, with which corps he served in Ireland, and evinced -signal bravery on several occasions, for which he was rewarded -with the Colonelcy of the regiment on the 1st of November, 1689. -He commanded the TWELFTH regiment, at the battle of the Boyne -in 1690, also in the action at Lanesborough, and was appointed -commandant at Mullingar, near which place the troops, under his -immediate command, had several rencounters with detachments of -the enemy. He continued to serve in Ireland until the deliverance -of that country from the power of King James was accomplished, -and in 1692 he commanded his regiment in the expedition under -the Duke of Leinster. He also served at the head of his regiment -in the Netherlands, during the campaign of 1694; in the attack -on Fort Kenoque, and the defence of Dixmude in 1695 (on which -last-mentioned occasion he opposed the Governor, in the resolution -to surrender), and in the protection of the maritime towns of -Flanders in 1696. After the peace of Ryswick, he proceeded with his -regiment to Ireland; and on the breaking out of the war, in the -reign of Queen Anne, he retired from the service. - - -JOHN LIVESAY. - -_Appointed 28th September, 1702._ - -This officer was appointed Lieutenant in the royal fusiliers -in 1685; he served in the army during the wars of King William -III., and was distinguished for gallantry and a strict attention -to duty on all occasions, and these qualities were rewarded by -Queen Anne, in September, 1702, with the colonelcy of the TWELFTH -regiment, which he commanded in the West Indies in 1703, 1704, and -1705. On the 1st of January, 1707, he was promoted to the rank of -Brigadier-General, and on the 1st of January, 1710, to that of -Major-General. Political events, connected with the removal of -the celebrated John Duke of Marlborough from the command of the -army, and the measures pursued by the new ministry of Queen Anne, -occasioned Major-General Livesay to retire from the command of the -regiment in 1712. He died on the 22nd of February, 1718. - - -RICHARD PHILLIPS. - -_Appointed 16th March, 1712._ - -RICHARD PHILLIPS entered the army in September, 1669, and at -the augmentation of the army, on the declaration of war against -France and Spain, in 1702, he was promoted to the command of a -company in one of the corps raised on that occasion. He proceeded -with his regiment (Brettons, afterwards disbanded) to the relief -of Barcelona in 1706; served in Spain under the Earl of Galway, -in 1707, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Almanza. He -subsequently served with his company on board the fleet as marines, -and was promoted to the Lieut.-Colonelcy of the regiment. Queen -Anne rewarded his services, in 1712, with the colonelcy of the -TWELFTH foot, from which he was removed, in 1717, to the fortieth -regiment, then newly formed of independent companies, at Placentia, -Annapolis, and other parts of America. He was promoted to the rank -of Brigadier-General in 1735, to that of Major-General in 1739, and -to that of Lieut.-General in 1742. In 1750, he was removed to the -thirty-eighth foot. He died in January, 1751. - - -THOMAS STANWIX. - -_Appointed 25th August, 1717._ - -THOMAS STANWIX served in the Netherlands, with reputation, under -King William III., and afterwards in Holland and Germany under -the celebrated John Duke of Marlborough. In April, 1706, he was -commissioned to raise, form, and discipline a regiment of foot, -in Ireland, with which corps he embarked from Cork, in May, 1707, -for Portugal, where he served under the Marquis de Montandre, the -Marquis de Fronterira, and the Earl of Galway. In 1709 he was at -the battle of the Caya, where his regiment highly distinguished -itself, and in 1710 he commanded the storming party at the capture -of Xeres de los Cavaleras: at the peace of Utrecht his regiment -was disbanded. In 1715, when the partisans of the Pretender sought -to elevate him to the throne, Colonel Stanwix was commissioned to -raise a regiment of foot, for the service of King George I., and in -July, 1717, he was removed to the thirtieth regiment, which he only -commanded five weeks, when he was appointed to the TWELFTH foot. He -died 14th of March, 1725. - - -THOMAS WHETHAM. - -_Appointed 22nd March, 1725._ - -This officer obtained a commission in Sir William Clifton's -regiment, now fifteenth foot, on the breaking out of the rebellion -of James Duke of Monmouth, in June, 1685; and he served under King -William in Ireland and Flanders, where he acquired a reputation -for gallantry and attention to all his duties. On the 29th of -August, 1702, Queen Anne rewarded him with the colonelcy of the -Twenty-seventh regiment of foot, with which corps he served in the -West Indies in 1703 and 1704, and was engaged in the unsuccessful -attack on the island of Guadaloupe. In 1707 he was promoted to the -rank of Brigadier-General, and in 1710 to that of Major-General; he -served in Spain during the latter part of the war of succession, -commanded the garrison of the island of Minorca for a short period; -and in 1715, and 1716, he commanded a brigade of infantry in -Scotland, under the Duke of Argyle, during the rebellion of the -Earl of Mar. In 1725, he was removed to the TWELFTH foot, and in -1727 he obtained the rank of Lieut.-General; he was promoted to -the rank of general in 1739, and was governor of Berwick and Holy -Island for several years. He died on the 28th of April, 1741. - - -SCIPIO DUROURE. - -_Appointed 12th August, 1741._ - -SCIPIO DUROURE obtained a commission in the army in December, 1705, -and he had the advantage of serving three campaigns under the -celebrated John Duke of Marlborough. He served many years in the -TWELFTH foot, of which corps he was appointed Lieut.-Colonel on -the 25th of August, 1734; he was also appointed captain and keeper -of the castle of St. Maws (or Moss), and promoted to the colonelcy -of the TWELFTH regiment in 1741. He distinguished himself at the -battle of Dettingen in 1743, and behaved with great gallantry, at -the head of his regiment, at the battle of Fontenoy, in 1745, where -he was mortally wounded. - - -HENRY SKELTON. - -_Appointed 28th May, 1745._ - -HENRY SKELTON entered the army in December, 1708, and served two -campaigns in the Netherlands. He was many years an officer in -the third foot guards, was promoted Major of the regiment with -the rank of Colonel in the army, in 1739, and in April, 1743, -he was advanced to Lieut.-Colonel in the same corps. In August -following, King George II. rewarded him with the colonelcy of the -thirty-second regiment; His Majesty also promoted him to the rank -of Major-General, and removed him to the TWELFTH foot in 1745, and -advanced him to the rank of Lieut.-General in 1747. He died on the -9th of April, 1757. - - -ROBERT NAPIER. - -_Appointed 22nd April, 1757._ - -ROBERT NAPIER was appointed ensign in the second foot, on -the 9th of May, 1722, and after performing regimental duty -a few years, he was placed on the staff, and employed in -the Quarter-Master-General's Department. In 1745, he was -promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel, and appointed Deputy -Quarter-Master-General; in 1746, he was advanced to the rank of -Colonel, and he was afterwards appointed Adjutant-General of -the forces. In 1755, King George II. appointed him colonel of -a newly-raised regiment, now fifty-first foot; in 1756 he was -promoted to the rank of Major-General, and in 1757, he was removed -to the TWELFTH foot. In 1759, he was promoted to the rank of -Lieut.-General. He died in November, 1766. - - -HENRY CLINTON. - -_Appointed 21st November, 1766._ - -HENRY CLINTON, grandson of Francis, sixth Earl of Lincoln, served -in an independent company of foot at New York, and in 1751 he was -appointed Lieutenant and Captain in the second foot guards, from -which he was promoted, in 1758, to Captain and Lieut.-Colonel in -the first foot guards. He served in Germany during the seven years' -war, was promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1762, and in 1766 he -obtained the colonelcy of the TWELFTH foot. He was promoted, in -1772, to the rank of Major-General. On the commencement of the -American war, in 1775, he was sent with reinforcements to Boston, -with the local rank of Lieut.-General, and at the battle of -Bunker's Hill he joined the troops engaged with additional forces -from Boston during the conflict, and contributed materially to the -gaining of the victory. He afterwards proceeded to North Carolina, -with the local rank of General; assumed the command of the troops -which arrived from Great Britain, and in 1776 he undertook the -reduction of Charleston, but was not able to accomplish his object -from the want of a sufficient force. He then joined General -Sir William Howe, was engaged in the reduction of Long Island, -and commanded the leading column of the army at the battle of -Brooklyn. General Clinton also commanded the division which took -possession of New York Island, was at White Plains and other -engagements, also commanded the troops which took Rhode Island, -and was rewarded with the dignity of Knight of the Bath. In 1777 -he commanded at New York, and, in order to create a diversion in -favour of General Burgoyne's army, he proceeded up the river and -captured Forts Clinton and Montgomery. In the following spring he -was nominated Commander-in-Chief in North America, and assuming -the command of the army at Philadelphia, marched from thence to -New York, repulsing the attacks of the enemy during the movement. -In the winter of 1778, he was removed from the TWELFTH foot to the -command of a corps of Royal Highland Emigrants, and in 1779 he was -appointed Colonel of the seventh, or Queen's Own Light Dragoons. - -The departure of the French Fleet from North America enabled -General Sir Henry Clinton to fit out an expedition against -Charleston, which he captured in 1780, for which he received the -thanks of Parliament, and this success was followed by important -results in North and South Carolina; but the tide of success did -not long flow in favour of the British cause, and some reverses -taking place, he was succeeded as Commander-in-Chief in North -America by General Carleton. He arrived in England in June, -1782, and afterwards published a vindication of his conduct. The -appointment of Governor of Limerick was conferred upon General Sir -Henry Clinton; he was also groom of the bedchamber to the Duke of -Gloucester, and was many years a member of Parliament; in 1795, he -was appointed Governor of Gibraltar. He died in December of the -same year. - - -WILLIAM PICTON. - -_Appointed 21st April, 1779._ - -The first services of this officer were in the marines, in which -corps he was promoted to the rank of Captain, in March, 1755, and -in August, 1756, he was appointed Captain of the grenadier company -in the TWELFTH foot. He served at the head of his company, in -Germany, during the seven years' war, and evinced great gallantry -on numerous occasions. In 1762, he was promoted Major, and in -1765, Lieut.-Colonel of his regiment. He performed all the duties -of commanding officer of the TWELFTH regiment, in the United -Kingdom and afterwards at Gibraltar, with reputation to himself and -advantage to the service, for thirteen years, and in 1778 he was -appointed Colonel of the seventy-fifth foot, then newly raised, and -afterwards disbanded: in the following year he was removed to the -TWELFTH regiment. - -King George III. frequently selected individuals of merit on whom -he conferred distinguished marks of his Royal approbation, and the -promotion of Colonel Picton furnishes an instance of His Majesty's -attention to meritorious services, which had not the advantage -of Ministerial or Parliamentary patronage. When appointed to the -colonelcy of the TWELFTH, Colonel Picton went to Court, and after -kissing His Majesty's hand at the levee, he was admitted to an -audience in the King's closet, when he acknowledged, in grateful -terms, the honor conferred upon him; and His Majesty replied, "You -are entirely obliged to Captain Picton, who commanded the grenadier -company of the TWELFTH regiment, in the late war in Germany;" at -the same time alluding particularly to his gallantry at Zierenberg, -for which he was thanked in general orders.[22] - -After this interview, he joined his regiment at Gibraltar, and -distinguished himself in the defence of that fortress, under -General Eliott. - -In 1782, he was promoted to the rank of Major-General, in 1793 to -that of Lieut.-General, and in 1798 to that of General. He died in -1811. - - -SIR CHARLES HASTINGS, BARONET. - -_Appointed 15th October, 1811._ - -CHARLES HASTINGS, natural son of Francis, tenth Earl of Huntingdon, -was appointed Ensign in the TWELFTH foot in July 1770, and joined -the regiment at Gibraltar. In 1776 he was promoted Lieutenant, -and he was permitted to serve with the twenty-third regiment in -America, where he was appointed Aide-de-Camp to Earl Percy, and -afterwards to Sir Henry Clinton. He was at the actions at Pelham -Manor and White Plains, and at the capture of Fort Washington; -also in the successful expedition against the American magazines -at Danbury. He accompanied Sir William Howe to Pennsylvania, was -engaged at Brandywine and Germantown, and was twice wounded. In -1780 he was promoted Captain in the TWELFTH foot, and joined his -regiment at Gibraltar, where he had several opportunities of -distinguishing himself during the siege of that fortress, and -he evinced great gallantry at the sortie in November, 1781. In -1782, he was appointed Major in the seventy-sixth; in 1783 he was -promoted to Lieut.-Colonel in the seventy-second, which regiment -was disbanded in the same year. He obtained the Lieut.-Colonelcy -of the thirty-fourth regiment in 1786, and was afterwards removed -to the sixty-first, and subsequently to the sixty-fifth. He -was promoted to the rank of Major-General in 1796, and to that -of Lieut.-General in 1803. In February, 1806, he was created -a BARONET, of Willesley Hall, in the county of Derby; and in -November following he was appointed Colonel of the fourth garrison -battalion, from which he was removed to the seventy-seventh -regiment in July, 1811; and in October following, to the TWELFTH -foot. In 1813 he was promoted to the rank of General. He died in -1823. - - -HONORABLE ROBERT MEADE. - -_Appointed 9th October, 1823._ - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[6] In the Duke of Berwick's memoirs, it is erroneously stated that -Colonel Wolseley had 3000 foot and 300 horse with him. - -[7] List of regiments in the West Indies in the summer of 1703:-- - - Columbine's, now sixth. - Livesay's, now twelfth. - Erle's, now nineteenth. - Handasyd's, now twenty-second. - Whetham's, now twenty-seventh. - Donegal's, now thirty-fifth. - Charlemont's, now thirty-sixth. - Hamilton's, afterwards disbanded. - - -[8] List of troops employed in the expedition under Major-General -Erle. - -Foot embarked from the Isle of Wight:-- - - Livesay's, now twelfth. - Farrington's, now twenty-ninth. - Hamilton's, afterwards disbanded. - Johnson's, " " - Moore's, afterwards disbanded. - Caulfield's, " " - Townshend's, " " - Wynne's, " " - -Dragoons embarked from Dover:-- - - Carpenter's, now third. - Essex's, now fourth. - - -[9] The second battalions of the regiments undermentioned were -formed into distinct corps, in April, 1758, and numbered from 61st -to 75th regiments, as shown in the following list, viz.:-- - - 2 Batt. 3rd Foot, constituted 61 reg. - " 4th " " 62 " - " 8th " " 63 " - " 11th " " 64 " - " 12th " " 65 " - " 19th " " 66 " - " 20th " " 67 " - " 23rd " " 68 " - 2 Batt. 24th Foot, constituted 69 reg. - " 31st " " 70 " - " 32nd " " 71 " - " 33rd " " 72 " - " 34th " " 73 " - " 36th " " 74 " - " 37th " " 75 " - -The above 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and 75th regiments were disbanded -in the Year 1763, after the peace of Fontainbleau. - -[10] 'Notwithstanding the loss they sustained before they could -get up to the enemy; notwithstanding the repeated attacks of the -enemy's cavalry; notwithstanding a fire of musketry well kept up by -the enemy's infantry; notwithstanding their being exposed in front -and flank, such was the unshaken firmness of those troops (12th, -20th, 23rd, 25th, 37th, 51st, and brigade of Hanoverians) that -nothing could stop them, and the whole body of French cavalry was -totally routed.'--_Campaigns of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick._ - -[11] 'The brunt of the battle was almost wholly sustained by the -English infantry and some corps of Hanoverians, who stood the -reiterated charges of so many bodies of horse, the strength and -glory of the French armies, with a resolution, steadiness, and -expertness in their manœuvres, which was never exceeded, perhaps -never equalled: they cut to pieces, or entirely routed those -bodies. Two brigades of foot attempted to support them; but they -vanished before the English infantry.'--_Annual Register._ - -'Six regiments of English infantry, and two battalions of -Hanoverian guards, not only bore the whole brunt of the French -carabineers and gendarmerie, but absolutely broke every body of -horse and foot that advanced to attack them on the left and in the -centre.'--_Smollett._ - -[12] The six British regiments of infantry, which took part in the -glorious battle of MINDEN, were the 12th, 20th, 23rd, 25th, 37th, -and 51st regiments. - -[13] London Gazette. - -[14] Strength of the Garrison of Gibraltar at the commencement of -the Blockade, 21st June, 1779:-- - - British. Officers. Men. - Royal Artillery 25 460 - Royal Engineers 8 114 - 12th Foot 29 570 - 39th " 29 557 - 56th " 27 560 - 58th " 28 577 - 72nd " (Royal Manchester - Volunteers,) disbanded in 1783 33 1013 - ---- ---- 4030 - - Hanoverian. - Hardenberg's Regiment 29 423 - Reden's " 27 417 - De La Motte's " 33 423 - ---- ---- 1352 - - Total ---- 5382 - - -[15] The Siege of Gibraltar, by Captain Drinkwater, of the late -seventy-second regiment, who was in garrison at the time. - -[16] It is a remarkable circumstance that the TWELFTH foot, and the -Hanoverian regiment of Hardenberg, fought alongside each other at -the battle of Minden, and they were the only two entire regiments -employed in the sortie from Gibraltar. - -[17] _Vide_ the Record of the Third Foot, or the Buffs, from page -69 to 74. - -[18] CALPÉ, in the south of Spain, and ABYLA, on the opposite Coast -of Africa, (about eighteen miles distant) were celebrated as the -_Pillars of Hercules_; and according to heathen mythology, these -two mountains were united, until that hero separated them, and -made a communication between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic -seas. CALPÉ received the present designation of Gibraltar from the -Arabic "_Gib-el-Tarif_," or "_Mountain of Tarif_," being the spot -where that Moorish Chieftain landed on his invasion of Spain in the -Year 711. The device of the "_Castle and Key_," the present arms -of Gibraltar, was given by Henry IV., King of Castile, upon his -capturing the place from the King of Granada in 1462, in allusion -to its being the Key to the Mediterranean. - -[19] The proper name of that city is _Siri Runga Patan_. - -[20] The following regiments received the Royal permission to -bear on their standards, colours, and appointments, the word -"_Seringapatam_," in commemoration of their gallantry in the -storming and capture of that city and fortress on the 4th May, -1799; viz.--the 19th and 22nd (late 25th), Light Dragoons; the -12th, 33rd, 73rd, 74th, 75th, 77th regiments, and the Scots -Brigade, afterwards the 94th regiment. - -[21] Bishop Burnet. - -[22] On the decease of General Picton, a manuscript account of this -interview with King George III. was found among his papers. - - - - - LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES & SONS, STAMFORD STREET, - FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. - - - - - * * * * * * - - - - -Transcriber's note: - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - The first page of the book ("HISTORICAL RECORD ..."), and the page - after the Introduction, are virtually identical--there are some - slight variations in font sizes--and both have been retained in - the etext. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, - daylight, day-light; Field Marshal, Field-Marshal; situate; - negociations; rencounters. - - Pg xxiii, 'SERINGAPTAM' replaced by 'SERINGAPATAM'. - - Pg 36, 'on this ocasion' replaced by 'on this occasion'. - - Pg 50, 'additional orces' replaced by 'additional forces'. - - Pg 53, 'TWELTFH foot continued' replaced by 'TWELFTH foot continued'. - - Pg 60, '[Sidenote: 1799]' moved up 3 paragraphs. - - Pg 70, 'againt England' replaced by 'against England'. - - Pg 95, 'stanch supporter' replaced by 'staunch supporter'. - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE TWELFTH, OR -THE EAST SUFFOLK, REGIMENT OF FOOT, CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION -OF THE REGIMENT IN 1685, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1847*** - - -******* This file should be named 54054-0.txt or 54054-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/5/4/0/5/54054 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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