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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1943679 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #54722 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54722) diff --git a/old/54722-0.txt b/old/54722-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index a0b56e6..0000000 --- a/old/54722-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1568 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 31, -January 30, 1841, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 31, January 30, 1841 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: May 14, 2017 [EBook #54722] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - - - - - - THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL. - - NUMBER 31. SATURDAY, JANUARY 30, 1841. VOLUME I. - -[Illustration: DUN-GARBRY CASTLE, COUNTY OF LEITRIM.] - -The Castle of Dun-garbry, or properly Dun-cairbré, signifying the Dun or -Fort of Cairbre, is situated on a hill, on the south side, and not far -from the mouth, of the Drowis, or _Drobhaois_--a river very celebrated -in Irish history--and the estuary of the beautiful Lough Melvin, in the -lower part of the county of Leitrim, bordering on the county of Sligo. -Though marked on the maps made in the reign of Elizabeth as an important -fortress, its ruins are now but inconsiderable, and consist only of a -side wall perforated by an arched doorway. But trivial as these vestiges -are, they impart some historic interest to scenery of the most delightful -character by which it is surrounded, and are valuable as a memorial of -an ancient Irish family, once of great rank in the county, though now -reduced to utter decay, at least in their original locality. - -Dun-garbry Castle was erected by the chief of the Mac-Clanchys, or -correctly _Mac-Fhlannchadha_, a sept or clan who possessed the ancient -district called Dartree, the present barony of Rossclogher, and of -which the Castle of Rossclogher, situated on an island in Lough Melvin, -was their chief residence. The name of its founder and the date of its -erection are not preserved; but the latter may with probability be -referred to a period anterior to the reign of Henry VIII., as the Annals -of the Four Masters record at the year 1538, that “Cahir (the son of -Feradach, the son of William), the son of Mac Clanchy, heir-apparent to -the chieftainship of Dartree, died in that year in Dun-cairbre.” - -It may be proper to state that there are in Ireland two perfectly -distinct families of the name Mac Clanchy, or, as it is now more usually -written, Clancey; first, the family of Thomond or Clare, some of whom -were hereditary Brehons or judges to the O’Briens, and who were a branch -of the Macnamaras; and, secondly, the family of Dartree, who were -hereditary chiefs of that district from a very remote period. - -The notices of the chiefs of this family, as preserved in the Irish -Annals from the twelfth till the seventeenth century, will serve to -convey a very vivid impression of the insecurity of life resulting from -the unsettled state of society, and its retrogression towards absolute -barbarism during this unhappy period of our history, and will teach -us also to appreciate the blessings we derive from the progress which -civilization has made within the last century. - -1241. Donnell Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, died. - -1274. Cathal Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, died. - -1278. Gillchreest Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, _was slain_. - -1301. William (the son of Cathal) Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, _was -slain_. - -1303. Murtogh Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, _was slain_. - -1337. Teige (the son of William) Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, _was -slain_ by O’Conor. - -1349. Hugh Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, and Gillchreest Mac Clanchy, -_were slain_. - -1366. Cathal (the son of Teige) Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, _was -slain_. - -1418. Teige (the son of Cathal) Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, died in a -monastery. - -1420. Cathal (the son of Teige) Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, and Hugh -boy (or the yellow) Mac Clanchy, _were slain_ in their own house, about -the festival of St Bridget, by their own kinsmen Teige, Maurice, and -Henry. - -1421. Cathal O’Rourke and his sons made a nocturnal attack on Mac Clanchy -on Iniskeen, an island of Lough Melvin, and the guards of the lake -delivered up the boats of the lake to them. They took young Mac Clanchy -prisoner, and possessed themselves of Lough Melvin and its castle. Five -of the sons of Mac Clanchy, and a great number of the men of Dartree, -were slain by them, and the remainder of the sons of Mac Clanchy went -after that into Carbury. - -1532. Turlogh, the son of Mac Clanchy, was slain by his own two brothers -in the doorway of the mansion of Mac Clanchy. In revenge of this murder, -Brien O’Rourke destroyed a great portion of Dartree. - -1536. Mac Clanchy (Feradach, the son of William, the son of Teige), chief -of Dartree, died. He was a charitable and humane man. - -1578. Mac Clanchy (Cathal Duff, the son of Feradach), chief of Dartree, -died, and his son Cathal Oge assumed his place. - -1582. Mac Clanchy (Cathal Oge), chief of Dartree, _was slain_ by his own -kinsman Teige Oge. - -It appears from an inquisition taken at the Abbey of Creevelea, on the -24th September 1603, that Cathal Oge Mac Clanchy died on the 3d of -January 1582, seized of the castle and manor of Dun-carbry, and of the -whole country called Mac Clanchy’s country, leaving a son and heir, -Cathal Duff, then aged twenty-eight years. - -It appears, however, that in accordance with the Brehon law, the -chieftainship of Dartree passed at his death not to his son, but to the -eldest surviving representative of the name, as an inquisition taken at -Rossclogher on the 3d of October in the same year, finds that the greater -part of the country, including the Castle of Dun-carbry, and the castle -and chief town of Rossclogher, &c., were in the possession of Malaghlin -Mac Clanchy, who died so seized on the 13th of August 1603, leaving a -son and heir, Cahir Mac Clanchy, three years and ten months old at the -time of his father’s death; and it is stated that all these castles, -lands, &c., were held of the king by knights’ service _in capite_, but -the quantity of the service was not ascertained by the inquisitors. By -the will of this Malaghlin Mac Clanchy he bequeathed to his son and heir, -Cahir, all his lands except such as were nominated wife’s jointure; -and to his wife, Katherine Ny Rourke, who was found to have been his -legitimate consort, he bequeathed his Castle of Dun-garbry, as also his -chief town called Rossclogher, in pawn of her marriage goods, until his -heir should redeem it. - -The property of the Mac Clanchys was confiscated after the rebellion of -1641, but their name is the prevailing one in the barony of Dartree, or -Rossclogher, to the present day. - - P. - - - - -THE GIG RACE, OR A PULL FOR THE SILVER CUP. - - -In the prettily situated village of Ring, within the beautiful harbour -of Cove, lived an old man named Jeremiah Sullivan, who was by profession -a boat-builder, and who, being unrivalled in that art, justly regarded -himself as one of the most important personages in the said village, if -not in the county of Cork itself. It was indeed the conviction of Jerry -that the man who, if any such man there were, could surpass him in the -plan, the construction, or the finish of a race-gig, must be a wonder, -and far above the general standard of human excellence. After his divine -art, and the equally divine productions of that art, his daughter Sally -Sullivan was next best loved by the enthusiastic and honest old man. -Sally had the reputation of a snug little fortune and of an infinite deal -of beauty, the latter founded, no doubt, on the possession of a pair of -roguish black eyes, a blooming cheek, and a rosy pair of lips, that half -disclosed two rows of the prettiest and whitest teeth in the world. - -Jerry had one favourite apprentice, to whom he had already imparted some -of the most important secrets in his profession, and to whom, at some -distant period, he intended to confide the entire, as a legacy richer -than the hoarded treasures of a miser; nay, more valuable than even -the philosopher’s stone. William Collins (for such was his name) was a -fine-looking young fellow, standing about five feet ten inches in height, -and possessed of a light, active, muscular, and admirably proportioned -figure; indeed, Sally was known to have told her female friend in the -strictest confidence that William had the brightest pair of eyes, and the -handsomest brown curls, that young man could well be vain of. William, -on the other hand, could find no language sufficiently comprehensive to -express his ideas of Sally’s beauty; and as for her good qualities, her -temper, her cheerfulness, her sweet-toned merry laugh--to describe them -was quite an impossibility. The fact was, they were both young, both -amiable, both warm-hearted, and very naturally both lovers! Yet poor old -Jerry never dreamed what the real state of the case was. Wonderful as was -his penetration, deep as was his knowledge, and great as was his skill -in all matters appertaining to the building of a boat, in affairs of the -heart he was blind and stupid as a mole. He, honest simpleton, could -never dream that Sally’s frequent intrusions into the work-yard could -be attributed to aught else than that most natural spirit of curiosity -common to young people who desired to witness the interesting process of -a delightful and important art! Besides, Jerry never wore his spectacles -within doors; and, therefore, it must be presumed he never saw the -eloquent flushing of his daughter’s cheek, or the additional brilliancy -of her dark eye, when he spoke of the young man’s attention to his duty, -and of his surprising advancement in the nicer labours of the profession. - -Early in the month of May, a gentleman ordered a race-gig from Sullivan, -and from time to time sent his man Duggin to see after the progress of -the work. This Duggin was held to be the crack oarsman of the harbour, -and consequently prided himself not a little on his reputation. He was -a powerfully made though not a tall man, and his features were rather -good than otherwise, but rendered displeasing from a peculiar expression -of cunning about the eyes, and a perpetual sneer on his lip. Duggin had -heard of Sally Sullivan’s fame as a beauty; and being quite of a gallant -temperament, he conceived the very natural design of rendering himself -agreeable to the old boat-builder’s daughter. The moulds were laid down, -and soon the outline of the future race-gig began to be formed more -distinctly, when Mr Curly Duggin one day entered the work-yard to pass -his opinion on what had been already done, and to offer any suggestions -as to the future, that his scientific judgment might deem necessary. -On his entrance he found the peerless Sally seated on a chair, and -apparently employed at some feminine labour--_apparently_ so, for in -reality her eyes were fixed on every movement of William Collins, who -was busily engaged in the building of this future wonder of the race-gig -class. Sally, observing the stranger enter, and not relishing the -familiar stare of a pair of wicked-looking optics, nor the too evident -admiration they expressed on their master’s part, immediately left the -yard, and retired to the neatly painted cottage of her father. As for -Collins, looking up from his work at that very instant, he saw, with the -quickness of jealousy, the manner of Duggin and the retreat of Sally; -and from that hour he felt an unconquerable aversion to the bold looking -oarsman. - -“Come, now, I’m blessed,” said Duggin, “that’s a nate tidy craft, if -I’m a judge in the laste! I say, Mister what’s-your-name, isn’t that -purty girl the ould fellow’s daughter?” “Yes, she is,” replied William, -with a growl; “that young woman is _Miss_ Sullivan.” “Sartinly she is a -beauty without paint! Has she a heap of fine strapping fellows, that’s -sweethearts, following of her--has she, my hearty?” “How the devil should -I know! What have I to do with any one’s business but my own?--and that -gives me enough to mind.” “Why, my fine fellow,” said Duggin, rather -annoyed at the reply, “I tell you what, that same ain’t over partiklar -civil.” “Isn’t it?--then if you don’t like my civility, I can’t help your -liking; so that’s all I care about the matter.” - -Duggin made no reply, but marching round and round the half-built boat, -he made several slighting observations signifying his utter contempt for -the plan, as well as its execution. “Why, blow it!” said he, “look at -that. I tell you there’s no living use for that infernally outlandish -keel. You might as well turn a lighter, as such a tub as that, in the -water!” - -Poor William’s feelings were almost too great for words, so indignant -was he at this coarse and vulgar attack on the object of his zealous -labours. He, however, merely said, “She’s very unlike a tub, for the -matter of that; and as for the keel, that will give her a sure grip of -the water, and make her hold her way.” “Who’s the out-and-out judge that -said them wise things, I’d like to know?” asked Duggin, with a mocking -sneer on his lip. “Them that’s as fine judges as any in the harbour,” -replied Collins; “there’s Dan Magrath, and Ned Desmond, and Mark Brien, -down at the ferry; and there aren’t better men to be found at handling an -oar.” “Bother!” said Duggin, “little I’d give for a score of ’em; and as -for that fellow Magrath, he’s a regular _lubber_, that isn’t no more fit -in a race than I’m fit to bite a piece out of this anchor at my feet!” -“I know nothing about biting the anchor,” said Collins; “but I tell you -what: the four of us will try you at the regatta for the ten-pound cup!” -“Done! done! my hearty: mind ye don’t go back, and be forgetting yer -promise!” said Duggin, with the air of one already certain of the prize. -“Don’t be afraid of me,” Collins replied; “I never broke my word yet, -and I don’t intend to begin now.” Again did Duggin criticise the boat, -and declare himself dissatisfied with nearly every point about her. The -temper of the young builder was severely tried; but rather than turn -away a customer from his master’s yard, he with difficulty succeeded -in curbing his rising passion. Scarcely had Duggin, however, left the -yard, when a piercing shriek rang from the house, through which lay the -general passage. William heard it, and flinging aside the plane he was -then using, he rushed in to ascertain its cause. What was his amazement -at beholding Sally struggling violently to release herself from the arms -of the gallant Duggin, who was endeavouring in vain to snatch a kiss -from the maiden’s rosy mouth! “Ha! you villain!--there, take that!” said -Collins, as with one fierce spring he gripped him by the throat, and -flung him headlong on the floor. - -Duggin was for a moment nearly stunned by the fall, but when in a measure -recovered from its effects, he rose from the ground, and eyeing the pair -with a fiendish expression of malice and revenge, he said, “Collins, mark -my word for it, if I was to go to hell for it, I’ll be into you for that -fall! Mind you keep a look-out, my tidy fellow! Good morning to you, -Sally--good morning, purty Sally! Don’t forget the race, unless you’re -afraid, Collins!” So saying, Duggin left the house; and no sooner had he -gone, than Sally, frightened by his brutal insolence, burst into a flood -of tears; but she at length allowed herself to be consoled by William, -who used the most persuasive and powerful arguments in order to soothe -her ruffled spirits. - -As might be anticipated, the gig was disliked, and left on old Sullivan’s -hands. Jerry was a little peevish on the subject, and was continually -regretting his unfortunate attack of the gout, which prevented himself -from superintending the work, and of a consequence rendering it a model -of perfection. But poor William bore up manfully against all, and even -had the audacity to prophesy, for the old man’s comfort, that in two days -after the coming regatta, he would procure for the gig no less a sum than -two-and-twenty guineas! The boat was finished, launched, and christened -“the Darling Sally;” her fair namesake worked with her own pretty fingers -a white silken flag, that was intended to adorn the beautifully-moulded -bow. - -It was summer, and the sun was in his meridian glory, pouring a flood of -light and beauty over one of the loveliest combinations of landscape--the -tree-clad hill, the many-coloured rock, and the widely-extended -water--that can by possibility be found within the limits of the British -empire. The month was glorious July, and the scene was the far-famed Cove -of Cork. How beautiful did all appear on the last day of the regatta, -as a fleet of fairy-like yachts, yielding to the light breeze that just -broke the surface of the sea into tiny waves, dashed aside from their -bows the silver spray, and skimmed like sea-birds over the bosom of -the Cove. The sea actually blazed with light, and the islands seemed -like emeralds set in gold. Green were the hills that encircled in their -embrace the beauteous sheet of water, and cloudless was the heaven that -overhung the loveliness of earth. A stately man-of-war rode at anchor -nearly opposite the town of Cove, and gay were the flags and streamers -that enlivened by their hues the dark maze of rigging rising from the -nobly proportioned hull. Several merchantmen were also there, and decked -in like manner as the floating citadel--the seaman’s pride. The marine -picture was finished by myriads of boats of all sizes and shapes, from -the one-oared punt and the light wherry, to the family whaler or the -well-manned race-gig, that were ever gliding to and fro, imparting life -and animation to the beautiful scene. - -On the Regatta Quay might be observed hundreds of elegantly dressed -females, with their attentive cavaliers; some of the latter arrayed in -divers fantastic styles of costume, intended to resemble the garb of the -sailor, and resembling it about as much as their affectation and the -swagger of their gait resembled his manner. Naval and military officers -added by their brilliant uniforms to the liveliness of the picture. -On an erected platform was stationed a brass band, that from time to -time played some fine pieces of music and exhilarating airs--a fitting -accompaniment to the soft murmur of the wave, the harmony of nature. - -Outside the gate of the privileged yard were ranged tents of every -variety--some few in the form of an oblong square, with a slanting -roof--others like an Indian wigwam--some covered with bleached, and some -with dirty canvass, while in each of them a piper or a fiddler might be -heard discoursing most peculiar music, responded to by the clatter of -some score of feet, whose movements would puzzle the eccentric genius of -Fanny Elsler herself. Outside these temples, erected equally to Bacchus -and the lively Terpsichore, more intellectual food was offered to the -youthful mind in the antics of Punch and Judy; and there was, besides, -a magnificent theatre, the approach to which was by a _ladder_, and on -a platform before which the distinguished company--Turkish warriors and -Christian knights, princesses and Columbine, assassin and clown--were -threading the intricacies of a fashionable dance, to the sound of three -trumpets and a drum. Fun, frolic, and delight, reigned within as well -as without. In fine, it was the last day of the regatta, and “_now or -never_” was the universal motto. - -In obedience to the warning gun, the twenty-ton yachts had drawn up in -line near their starting buoys. For a moment their mainsails flapped -idly in the breeze as they wore gracefully round. Another gun, and up -went jibs and gaff-top-sails, as they began to move in one cluster -of snowy canvass. At first they seemed scarcely to stir through the -water that lazily rippled around their bows; but as the breeze began -to be felt, they got under weigh, and the waves were broken into foam -by the dividing stem. Sally was seated in the well-cushioned stern of -her father’s four-oared family gig, which was steered by that worthy -individual himself; she wore a Leghorn bonnet with smart pink ribbons; -and as she sat near her bluff, broad-shouldered, honest old parent, -she looked as handsome a maiden as ever lent willing ear to a lover’s -vows. She was now all anxiety, as the time for William’s race was near -at hand. Duggin’s crew were on the course; and if one might judge from -the perfect appointment of the gig, the lively strokes pulled on her, -and the rapidity with which she was turned, one should seem to run no -risk in betting on her certain success. The Norah Creenah--for such was -her name--was painted on the outside a delicate buff, and on the inside -pink. One of the best and most fortunate cockswains in the harbour -steered her; and as he glanced on the powerful limbs and the muscular -chests of his men, and saw the exquisite regularity with which the blades -were dipped into the wave, his heart swelled with anticipated triumph. -“Sally, my dear,” said old Jerry Sullivan to his daughter, “take the -_ropes_ for a minute, and mind what you’re about, child.” Jerry stood -up in the boat to have a peep at the preparations for the race; but -hardly had he time to satisfy his curiosity, when the bow of the gig -came slap against the side of a large yawl, and he was laid sprawling in -the bottom from the concussion; and to mend the matter, Sally began to -scream most energetically at the mischief she herself had occasioned. -The truth was, she had mechanically obeyed her father’s directions, by -taking the tiller-ropes, but that was all, for her thoughts were far -otherwise engaged. “Back water, ye infarnal ould lubber! Do you want to -stave the side of us in? Where’s yer eyes, ye ould fool?” Such were the -pleasing queries which the parties in the assaulted boat levelled at the -innocent Jerry. “Why don’t you look out yourselves, and be hanged to -ye!” said the choleric builder, as he replied in the true Irish fashion -by putting another question. After plentifully heaping the choicest -epithets on each other, the belligerent parties at last separated, the -victory being equally divided. “Come, boys,” said Jerry to his crew, -“heave ahead, and let us see are they getting all ready for the start.” -In a few moments the boat reached that part of the strand where William -Collins and his companions were busily employed in rubbing black lead on -the bottom of the new gig. “Well, Bill, my hearty, how’re you coming -on? What do you think of her now? don’t she look handsome?” “She does, -sir, look very beautiful,” answered William in reply to his master’s -last remark, as he gazed with admiration on Sally. “Is the paint hard on -her, Bill?” asked Jerry. “Paint! paint on her, sir!” exclaimed William, -still looking at Sally. “Why, what ails you, boy? I said paint; is the -paint dry?” “All right, sir; hard as a bone.” “Very good--now see are -the stretchers the regular length and well lashed down.” But though -he received an affirmative answer, he was not satisfied till he had -convinced himself by examination that all the arrangements had been -attended to by William. “I’m aisy in mind now, any how. I hope she’ll -do; eh, Bill?” “Never fear, sir; we’ll do our best; and if we don’t -come in first, it won’t be our own fault. Did you hear the news, sir? -A gentleman--the same that was in the yard over on Friday--came up to -me and said if the boat won the race, he’d give five-and-twenty guineas -down on the nail.” “Bless my soul!” exclaimed old Sullivan, charmed at -the offer. “But what good is a man offering of such a price when there -isn’t any great chance of her winning?--oh, if I wasn’t laid up in my bed -when she was building! Well, it can’t be helped now; more’s the pity!” -“Well, sir, we must do our best; won’t we, boys?” said William, turning -to his crew. “We’ll try, any how,” was the reply, as they raised the -light gig carefully from off the stones on which she rested, and gently -floated her on the water. “William, here’s the flag,” said Sally. “Ha! -there’s the gun!” “’Tis the gun, sure enough. I’ll bring you the cup, -Sally, I hope. Come, lads,” he continued, “take your places. There--step -gently! Magrath, tread on the kelson, and don’t stand that way on the -ribs!” “Run down a bit,” said Jerry, “and lave me see your trim. Give -the long steady stroke, for the breeze is freshening. Now start away; -and, Bill, my boy, mind you win!” Away they pulled from the strand; and -as they shot quickly out, Jerry could not help exclaiming with delight, -as he noticed how evenly the gig went under the stroke, and how regular -was the time kept with their oars; but his former misgivings returned, -as he remarked the great difficulty with which she was brought round. -Duggin, in the meantime, was dashing about, attracting all eyes by the -beauty of the Norah. “Clear the course!--clear the course--pull out of -the way!” So bawled the racing steward, as by entreaty or by threat he -succeeded in clearing a space sufficient for the rival boats. “Take your -places!” again shouted he. Oh! how Sally’s heart beat as she saw the gigs -drawn up opposite the quay where the fashionables were assembled, and on -which was placed a small signal-battery. She leaned against her father -for support, as she observed the crews gently “backing water” to keep on -a line till the word was given. “Which side will you take?” asked the -cockswain of the Sally. “All the same, my hearty; stay where you are,” -answered Duggin with a voice as if confident of success. “Ready!” shouted -the steward. All oars were thrown forward, as the men bent ready for the -first dash. “Fire!” Scarce had the gun boomed over the water when the -blades were dipped together. “Pull, boys, pull!” cried the cockswain -of the Norah. “Heave away, my lads, heave! now for the start!” cried -the other. After about five strokes the buff shot right ahead, clearing -completely the bow of her sable rival. A sneer of bitter triumph might be -seen on Duggin’s lip as he darted past his hated opponent. In a very few -minutes more, however, the buff ceased to gain, as the black, under the -powerful and steady stroke of her crew, began to more gallantly through -the water. As they came alongside the ruined barracks below the town -of Cove, the Sally had come up to the Norah, and for a short distance -they went stem and stem together. From that point they had to shoot over -towards a large buoy, round which they must turn. The cockswains now -urged on their men, who answered by a cheer, as the wave foamed under -their strokes. Duggin’s crew pulled with desperate vigour in order to -gain the turn, but the black continued the same even regular pull that -was evidently telling well. “Look now, father; is the white flag first? -is it ahead, father?” asked Sally. “No, child; the Norah is---- No! she -is not! Bravo, Bill! there they go for the buoy! That’s it. More power to -you, Bill! Don’t they walk out of the saucy buff!” It was true for Jerry; -the black boat was now fairly six lengths ahead, and was gaining more at -every stroke. They reached the buoy; and now began the difficulty. “Back -water, larboard side; pull--pull on the starboard,” said the cockswain. -“Magrath, heave! Brien, that’s the go!” shouted William, as he backed -with all his might. “Hurra for the honour of Passage! Pull, my lads, -pull!--rattle into ’em. Hurra!” bawled the Norah’s helmsman, with a voice -hoarse from exertion. Before the Sally could be well got under weigh -after the turn, the Norah had darted round the buoy, and was in a moment -three lengths beyond her. “Oh, heavens, they’re beat!” said Jerry, as -he sank back on the cushion in utter despair. “Don’t say that, father! -Look again!” entreated Sally. “There!” cried the old man, as he ventured -another glance, “she’s clane out of her again! Bravo, Bill! Give it to -her! There she clips, the beauty! I always said there wasn’t your equal -except myself at building a gig! Now, boys,” continued he, addressing -his own crew, “pull a rattling touch over, and we’ll give them such a -cheer! Heave, my lads--that’s it; bend your lazy backs!” The course was -about two or three miles in length from the buoy to the old convict-hulk, -round whose dark mass the boats must pull before they made for the quay -from which they had started, and which was also the winning-place. The -struggle up along the bank was indeed a beautiful sight, as from time -to time the chances seemed to vary in favour of each, and as the crews -appeared to gain new vigour from the cheering that came from the numerous -boats which met them on the course. Gallantly did the long stroke tell -on the Sally, as she shot far out of the rakish buff. She was dashing on -in noble style for the convict-ship, when, smash! away went the bowman’s -oar! All was in confusion. On came the Norah! At that very moment Jerry -Sullivan arrived; and seeing the terrible disaster, he caught at the -oar next his hand, and flung it within reach of the bowman. “You have -it now, my boys. Now, Bill, pull, my darling fellow, hurrah!” shouted -Jerry, as the crew gave back the cheer, and the Sally bounded after the -lively Norah. Thirty strokes more, and the Sally was stem and stem with -her well-manned rival. They passed the man-of-war, and the sailors who -crowded the side of the noble vessel gave them a cheer. Before them rose -the hull of the old convict-ship, and now the struggle was, who should -round her first. Still was the same quick stroke pulled on the buff, and -still did the other crew continue to keep the same powerful one on the -black. The stern of the hulk was neared; the Sally was five boats ahead, -but the Norah dashed on gallantly in her wake. “Pull, boys, pull!” was -the word in both boats. “Back water hard! Pull on the bow! Hurra! Back -her well! Hurra!” shouted both cockswains. The Sally had not well rounded -the bow of the convict-ship, when the Norah had turned, as if on a pivot, -and again was stem and stem with her opponent. Now, indeed, was the true -time for testing the capabilities both of the men and the boats, for a -breeze was blowing from the west, and as the tide was making fast out -of the harbour, there was a swell as both met in opposition. Shouts now -greeted the gigs as they dashed on to the winning-place. Again did old -Jerry meet them, and cheer aloud! Duggin literally foamed at the mouth, -as he plied his oar with the energy of desperation, while William shouted -to his crew to pull; and pull they did. In spite of all the exertions -of Duggin, the Norah dropped back, as the Sally bounded on to the goal. -Duggin cursed and raved, but all to no purpose; for the high-pointed bow -of his gig caught the wind, and she had not the same power of keeping her -way as the other, owing to her want of keel. “Stand by with the match!” -cried the steward. “There they come; the black boat is long ahead! Fire!” -No sooner had the loud report followed the quick flash, than the oars -were tossed on high, and the Sally rode triumphant! Loud were the shouts -that rang from land and sea, as the victors dropped their blades into the -wave, and shot into the landing-place to receive their well-earned prize. -Who can describe the pride and joy of the old man, or the deep rapture of -his daughter, as they saw the steward present the silver cup to William, -flushed as he was from the exertion and triumph of the moment! As it -would be quite impossible to do justice to their feelings, the attempt -must be modestly refrained from. - -The gig was immediately purchased for twenty-five guineas, and orders -were given to Jerry for the building of two more on an exactly similar -plan. As for Duggin, he was so subdued in spirit by the loss of his -reputation as a crack oarsman, that he never after that day was known -to try his fortune on the course, and neither visited Ring to woo Miss -Sullivan, nor to make good his threat on the body of the victorious -William. It has been since whispered among the gossips of the village -that old Jerry Sullivan, though much surprised at hearing of the mutual -love of William and Sally, finally gave his blessing and consent to their -union. Need it be told that the well-won silver cup was ever looked on as -an honoured vessel, and that Sally prized it nearly as much as William -himself did? - - J. F. M. - - - - -A RIDE WITH DEATH. - - - I saw him pass by, while the east-wind blew, - And the vernal blooms from the branches flew; - Lo! there he speeds, that old skeleton-man, - With his frame all bleached, all withered and wan; - His eye-balls are gone, and his cheek-bones bare, - And he rides a pale horse through the cold humid air! - - Now he resteth himself ’neath an old dry tree, - Where the moss hath grown for a century: - He feeds his steed with grass that grew rank - On the field where warriors in battle sank; - Bedabbled with blood, it thick grew, and strong, - And to Death’s pale horse doth of right belong! - - Gone is the beauty from violet blue, - For the look of Death hath pierced it through; - And the crocus that bloomed near the old dry tree, - Hath faded away, such a sight to see; - And the grass where he sat, that was bright and green, - Turned pale as the blades where a stone hath been. - - Ha! ha! old pilgrim! may I go with thee, - Thy doings fearful and strange to see? - He nodded his head; not a word said Death, - For he had little need to waste his breath: - A man of short speech, he speaks in his brow; - He looks what he means, when he says “Come thou!” - - We paused near a maiden with rosy cheek, - A lovely maiden, with blue eye meek; - But her youthful bloom, how it faded away! - Her heart was in heaven, she might not stay: - And we looked at an infant that lay on the breast, - A mother’s pride, and it sank to rest! - - We stood by the cot of a widowed dame; - Life’s feeble embers gave out their last flame: - At the hut of a slave we stepped gently in; - With pity Death looked on his frame so thin, - And his face, as he watched at the old man’s bed, - Said “Peacefully let him be one with the dead!” - - At a palace we tarried, and there one lay - On his last sad couch, at the close of day; - He struggled hard, but Death’s face said “No! - Duty is mine, wheresoever I go: - Peasant or king, it is all the same, - Mine must thou be--I have here thy name!” - - We hovered around where a Christian sire - Lay waiting to join the eternal choir; - Peaceful and calm was his holy repose; - He sank as the sun on a May-day’s close: - He rose as the sun with beams tricked anew, - When flowers bend with beauty, and leaves with dew. - - We crossed the path of a beautiful bark, - How many the corses, all stiff and stark! - Down sank the vessel beneath the wild wave, - No hand was near one poor soul to save! - We glanced at a ship by an iceberg crushed, - We gazed but a moment--then all was hushed. - - We asked of a miser to yield up his gold, - But he loosed not his clutch when his hands were cold. - We entered a town, as it shook to and fro, - An earthquake was raging in fury below; - Dwellings were rocking like trees when storm-tost, - Crashing and sinking--till all were lost! - - We stayed our flight o’er a funeral pile, - Where the Ganges roll’d swift through a deep defile; - Where Brahmin priests rent with cries the air, - While the victim lay burning and crackling there; - And the devotees of dark Jaggernath - We saw mangled and torn in its bloody path. - - We paused a while where a family stood, - Partaking the sacred “body and blood;” - And we saw their mother unfaltering pray, - When life’s mellow evening way failing away; - And as she sighed out her last tremulous breath, - Was ended my first wild ride with Death. - - --_From the Knickerbocker._ - - - - -ANCIENT SEAL OF THE ISLAND OF SAINT COLMOC. - - -[Illustration] - -The prefixed woodcut of an impression of an ancient monastic seal -hitherto unpublished, will, we think, interest some of our readers both -in Scotland and Ireland, as, though it is certainly not Irish, it is -intimately connected with that bright period of our history when Ireland -sent forth her crowds of learned ecclesiastics to preach the gospel -and instruct the people, not only to Scotland and England, but also to -Germany, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Mecklenburg, and even distant -Iceland, in all which their memories are still venerated as patron -saints--that period to which Spenser alludes in the lines: - - “Whylome, when Ireland flourished in fame - Of wealth and goodness, far above the rest - Of all that bear the British island’s name.” - -The matrix, which is of bronze or brass, was discovered among old brass -at a foundry in London some three or four years ago, and is now in the -possession of Mr Thomas, a merchant of that city, who has the largest -collection of remains of this kind ever formed in the British empire. - -The legend, which is in the semi-Saxon character of the twelfth century, -reads-- - - SI . COMMUNE . DE . INSULA . SANCTI . COLMOCI: - or, - THE COMMON SEAL OF THE ISLAND OF SAINT COLMOC. - -The locality of this seal has been hitherto referred to the celebrated -Irish monastery of Iona, or Hy-Columbkille, and such we ourselves deemed -it when the impression was first sent to us. But on maturer reflection -we are now disposed to consider this conclusion erroneous, and that the -seal should with greater probability be referred to the monastery of -Inch-Colm, a small island in the Frith of Forth, lying between Edinburgh -and Inverkeithing, and which was anciently called Emonia, or Y-mona, _i. -e._ the Island of Mona. On this island the Scottish King Alexander I., in -gratitude for his escape from a violent storm, by which he was driven on -the island in 1123, founded a monastery dedicated to its patron saint, -and of which there are still considerable remains. It was plundered by -the English in the reign of Edward III., who, as it is said, suffered -shipwreck for their sacrilege; and if we might hazard a conjecture, it -would be, that the seal may have been carried into England at that time. -But be this as it may, the seal perfectly agrees in style with similar -remains of the twelfth century, and we have little doubt, that this is -its true locality, as the name in the legend will not with correctness or -propriety apply to any other known to exist. For, in the first place, -the monastery of Iona, the only other religious house to which it could -be referred, is invariably called Insula Columbæ, or I-Columbkille, in -all ancient documents, and it would be against all probability that it -should bear a different appellation on its seal. In the second place, -the name of the patron saint of Iona is never written COLMOC, which is -an Irish diminutive form of the name COLUM, and which, as in the Latin, -means a dove. But this name COLMOC was applied by the ancient Irish and -Scotch indifferently to persons bearing the name of COLMAN, both being -but synonymous and convertible diminutives of the name _Colum_--and hence -it would follow that this seal must have belonged to some monastery -which was dedicated not to St Columb, but to St Colman or Colmoc. It may -however be objected that the island called Inch-Colm was dedicated to -the celebrated apostle of Scotland, St Columbkille; and it is true that -Colgan, on the authority of Fordun, does place it among the list of his -foundations. But Fordun is a weak authority to rely on in such matters; -and from the greater contiguity of this island to Lindesfarn, of which -the Irish St Colman was the third bishop, it would seem more rational -to attribute the origin of its name to him than to the saint of Iona. -In either case, however, the seal is one of great interest to Scottish -topography and Irish history. - - P. - - - - -STREET CIGAR-SMOKERS. - - -Reader, are you given to cigar-smoking? The reason we put the question -is, that we should not like to offend you by any thing you might find -in our pages indicating a contempt on our part for this silly, and, -as we think, vulgar practice. If you be, then, pass over this short -article, or as our old Irish schoolmaster used to tell us when we came -to a passage which we could not construe, nor he neither, “skip and go -on.” But we feel tolerably certain you are not a smoker, or at least a -cigar-smoker or exhibiting-street-performer, for we are satisfied that -among the lovers of this now fashionable amusement we can count but few -as supporters of our little work, or of any other of a mental or literary -character--that renowned periodical called Paddy Kelly’s Budget, if it -be still in existence, excepted. It is the practice of unidea’d men -with unidea’d faces, who puff, not whistle--as the latter is no longer -a fashionable amusement--as they go, for want of thought, and as they -think to make them look manly and genteel! Well, heaven help their little -wit! You think, reader, perhaps, as we ourselves were till lately foolish -enough to suppose, that there must be a pleasure in this practice on its -own account, like that which madmen feel in being insane. But no such -thing. We have discovered that it is anything but an agreeable pastime, -and that it is indulged in solely from the love of distinction, which -is one of the peculiar characteristics of the human race, and which is -so strong in these cigar-smokers, that they actually, in the spirit of -martyrs, surrender both their minds, such as they are, and their bodies -also, to its influence. Such a desire is not only natural to us, but -praiseworthy: it is only the choice of means of gratifying it that is -unworthy and even contemptible. It will bear no comparison in point of -intellectuality with that of the fashionable dandies of our youthful -days, who used to promenade the streets and public places, playing -quizzes, that is, flat circular pieces of boxwood suspended on a string -by a kind of pulley, and which they kept in a sort of perpetual motion -with one or both hands, and sometimes even (great performers) with their -mouths; their arms see-sawing up and down, and their heads shaking like -those of the Chinese mandarins in the tea shops. This, though perhaps a -little grotesque, was a comical mode of attracting notice and obtaining -distinction. It was a healthy folly too, and required some human -intellect to practise it adroitly. A monkey or a dog, both of whom we -have seen expert smokers, could not, we are persuaded, be taught this; it -would be beyond their intelligence; and it had a touch of the odd, the -gay, and the ridiculous about it, that seemed to harmonize naturally with -our national character--and we are not ashamed to confess it, we were -ourselves great quizzers in our youth. But the cigar-smoking folly--it -is a dull, lifeless, stupid, silent, moping mania, wholly unbecoming an -Irishman, and inconsistent with the spirit, life, and animation that -should be characteristic of youth. Old as we are, we think of taking to -quizzing again, but we shall never fall into such a solemn absurdity as -smoking for applause. It would not suit our temperament. - -But we have said that we had made the discovery that the practice of -cigar-smoking is any thing but a pleasant one in itself, and that it -is indulged in solely from ambitious motives, and an amiable love of -applause. Yes, reader, and we shall induct you into our knowledge of the -matter, by a true and faithful narrative of the incident which enabled us -to ascertain the fact. - -We were lately coming along that favourite lounge of the cigar-smokers, -Sackville Street, when, arriving near Mitchell’s, two young well-dressed, -moustached, and imperialled dandies, stept out from that intellectual -emporium, each with a Havannah in his mouth, his hands in his “Dorsay” -pockets, and looking as grave as possible, evidently impressed with the -pleasing idea that they were the admiration and envy of all passers. They -proceeded before us in solemn slinge in the direction of the Rotunda, -we following in their wake, observant yet not observed; and before they -reached Earl Street, they were met by a mutual friend, with whom they -linked, putting him between them, to allow them the greater facility to -spit out, when the following colloquy ensued:-- - -_Friend._ Well, Tom, how goes the world with you? and, Dick, my boy, how -is every bit of you? - -_Tom and Dick._ Puff---- Puff---- Well. - -_Friend._ Are you long in town--eh? - -_Tom and Dick._ Puff---- Puff---- No. - -_Friend._ How did you leave them all in the country?--how is the old -fellow? - -_Tom and Dick._ Puff---- Puff---- Puff---- Well. - -_Friend._ Oh, damn ye! there’s no getting a word out of you but a -monosyllable. - -_Tom and Dick._ Puff---- Puff---- (And then each of them spat out.) - -_Friend._ Why, Tom, you’ve become a great smoker. - -_Tom._ Puff---- Puff---- Yaws. - -_Friend._ And you too, Dick? - -_Dick._ Puff---- Puff---- Ees. (The imperfect vocable being squeezed out -through his teeth at the left corner of his mouth.) - -_Friend._ And do you find it agree with you, Tom--is it pleasant? - -Tom here, after a few puffs, slowly draws one hand out of his pocket, and -taking the cigar out of his mouth, spits out, draws his breath, and after -a minute replies: - -“No, _blast_ it; it always makes me sick.” - -He then restores the cigar to his mouth and his hand to his pocket, while -his friend puts a similar interrogatory to Dick. - -“And does it always make you sick too?” - -Here Dick, having in like manner indulged in a few puffs, takes the cigar -out of his mouth, spits out at the other side, and drawing breath and -looking very pale, answers: - -“Infernally!” - -_Friend._ In the name of heaven, then, what do you both smoke for? - -This, as one would have supposed, not an unnatural query, produced a -simultaneous stare of astonishment, mingled with contempt, from both the -smokers, as much as to say, “What an ass you must be!” and Dick, slowly -removing his cigar once more, and spitting out, answers, - -“Why, how the devil can you ask such a stupid question--what do you -suppose?” - -_Friend._ Suppose! why hang me if I can guess. - -Here Tom took hold of his Havannah, and after spitting out on a lady -who was passing--but this was only an accident--replied for himself and -fellow puffer---- But let us pause a moment. Guess, reader, what it was. -Do you give it up? Well, then, here it is, - -“Why, for the GAG, to be sure!” - -This was enough for us. Our mind was enlightened by a new idea; and -leaving the gentlemen to follow their gaggery, we hurried home to dinner, -a wiser if not a better man. - - AN OLD QUIZZER. - - * * * * * - -NOT A FABLE.--A boy three years of age was asked who made him? With his -little hand and foot upon the floor, he artlessly replied--“God made me a -little baby, so high, and I _grew the rest_.”--_Mirror._ - - * * * * * - -PUBLIC.--We have a reading, a talking, and a writing public. _When_ shall -we have a _thinking_ public? - - * * * * * - -The mind is a field, in which, so sure as man sows not wheat, so sure -will the devil be to sow tares.--_Bentham._ - - - - -THE HERRING. - -CLUPEA HARENGUS. - -First Article. - - -Of all the branches of study into which natural history has been divided, -the most interesting, from its extensiveness, its variety, and the -almost insurmountable difficulties which it presents to the student, -is Ichthyology. To acquire a thorough knowledge of zoology requires -much labour, study, travel, and considerable risk; in like manner with -ornithology, in the prosecution of which the difficulties are greater, -from the mixture of elements; but still the inhabitants of the air have -thus much in common with us, that they live in the same atmospheric -medium, derive their sustenance from the same earth, and although the -difficulties of following their motions, and observing (unseen by -them) their habits and natures, are considerable, yet still, thanks to -the extension of science, they have not proved unconquerable, and the -telescope, in that form called the ornithoscope, has enabled man to -acquire a large store of information on this interesting subject. But -with ichthyology how widely different! Here the preliminary obstacle -which presents itself is an element fatal to the existence of man within -it, and out of which the creatures with whose nature he would fain -be acquainted cannot exist. His very powers of observation are thus -rendered useless, except in a very limited degree. They are bounded by a -glass vase, or a small clear pond at the utmost, and confined to a few -specimens of the smaller fishes, and even then it is doubtful whether -circumstances may not have altered their really natural habits. Yet -above these obstacles the mind of man has risen, and by the union of -analogy with laborious and constant observation, he has succeeded in -classing a large amount of the tenants of the mighty deep. But before he -can ascertain what proportion, or write the history of any one of them -fully, he must discover some substitute for gills which will enable him -to extract the necessary air for his existence from the water, and thus -enable him to search the depths of ocean, and seek its inhabitants in -their haunts. That such may yet be discovered by the ingenuity of man, -let no one deem impossible. - -Amongst the fishes hitherto discovered and classed, the herring (_Clupea -harengus_) is one of the most universally known, most generally useful, -and one of the greatest boons of an all-bounteous Providence to the -inhabitants of these countries. Abundance, the universal producer of -contempt, has caused this beautiful creature to be despised; but to -the naturalist’s eye few creatures are possessed of greater charms. -When first taken out of the water, it is of a dark-bluish and green -colour on the back, lightening down the sides to a silvery blue, which -shades to white on the belly. The scales have a clear lustrous golden -colour, which changes in various shades of light after the manner of -mother-of-pearl; they lie over one another in regular lines, with the -convex edges pointing towards the tail. The termination of the body is -remarkable for the beautiful dark-green colour which it exhibits when -held before the light. The fins are seven in number--one dorsal, of -eighteen or nineteen rays; two ventral, of nine rays each; one anal, of -seventeen rays; two pectoral, of eighteen or nineteen rays each; and the -caudal, or tail fin, of eighteen or nineteen rays. The eyes are placed -in the middle of the sides of the head; the iris is of a silvery white -colour, and the pupil black. The spine consists of fifty-six vertebræ. -The ribs are thirty-five or six in number on each side, and there are -several minute bones below the ribs, which terminate in soft elastic -muscles at the anal fin, and serve to give it strength and elasticity. -Fifty-two bones compose the head. The bronchiæ or gills are four on each -side, each gill being supported by an arched cartilage; and there are two -imperfect gills without the arch, which join the gill lid, and appear -to regulate its motions. The convex side of the gills is furnished with -fringed fleshy fibres, of a strong red colour when the fish is healthy; -the concave side, which is next the mouth, is furnished with long -serrated spines. The heart is placed in a cavity near the gills, above -the stomach; it is three sided, and consists of a single auricle and -ventricle. The œsophagus, or gullet, is remarkably short in proportion -to the size of the fish; the stomach is thin, membranous, and capable -of great distension. The gut is of uniform size throughout. The gall -bladder is small, and of a dark-green colour; the liquid is of a light -claret hue, having a sweetish pungent taste. The air bag, or _vesica -natatoria_, is of a silvery white colour, round, of nearly the length of -the stomach, and pointed and narrow at both ends; it is connected with -the funnel-shaped posterior part of the stomach by a duct. The use of -the _vesica natatoria_, or, as it is commonly called, the _swim_, is to -enable the fish, by inflating or expelling the air from it, to rise or -sink, for if the air-bag of a living fish be pierced, the creature sinks -at once to the bottom. The under jaw of the herring projects beyond -the upper. The form and consistency of its nose proves its use for the -purpose of feeling, in the absence of the cirri or feelers possessed by -other fishes. The skin not being provided with the _corpus papillæ_, and -being besides covered with scales, it is supposed that the sensation of -touch is either very limited or wholly wanting. The herring is provided -with two nostrils; and from the perfection of the olfactory organ, it is -presumed that its sense of smell is very acute. It has no external organs -of hearing but a fringed orifice below the eye on the inner side of that -part of the head which covers the gills. Fishermen affirm that their -sense of hearing is very acute, and state instances of their immediately -ceasing the peculiar pattering noise which they are accustomed to make on -calm evenings, if a loud sound is made on any part of the interior of the -boat. - -The Swedes attribute the departure of the herrings from the neighbourhood -of Gothenburg to the frequent firing of the British ships of war which -were stationed there for convoys; and so great is the influence which -fishermen have been accustomed to attribute to sound, that we are told -in Chambers’s Picture of Scotland that the bell of St Monance in Fife, -which was suspended from a tree in the churchyard, was removed every year -during the herring season, lest the noise should scare the fish from the -coast. - -The mouth of the herring is furnished with a few teeth in the upper and -lower jaws, and four rows in the tongue. These pointing inwards, enable -it the more readily to secure and swallow its slippery prey, which -chiefly consists of extremely minute animals, such as small medusæ, the -_Oniscus marinus_, and small cancri and animalcula. The herrings on the -coast of Norway sometimes feed upon a small red worm called the Roé-aal, -which renders them unfit for curing; but there is probably no fish so -indiscriminate in its food. The herring is often caught with flies, at -which it leaps readily, and frequently with naked unbaited hooks. Mr -Mitchell, in his article on the herring in the Quarterly Journal of -Agriculture, mentions that in the stomachs of several herrings which he -examined, he found numbers of young sand-eels, and he adds a very curious -observation, namely, that in the stomachs of such herrings as had the -milt or roe small and immature, the sand-eels were numerous; whereas in -those which had the milt or roe full grown, there were none whatsoever; -but he offers no suggestion to account for this remarkable circumstance. -They also frequently feed on their own ova and young. - -The herring propels itself through the water by rapidly moving the -tail from side to side, the other fins being employed in steadying and -probably aiding its movement, and it is this rapid waving of the tail -which causes the rippling or pattering sound which announces the presence -of a shoal when swimming near the surface. On a calm night their course -may be traced by a brilliant phosphorescent light, which illuminates the -surface of the water, and is emitted partly from the fish themselves, and -partly from the minute marine animals with which the ocean swarms. - -Sometimes herrings do not approach the surface, and fine healthy shoals -are often apt to swim deep; hence fishermen, through their ignorance in -trusting too much to appearances, are frequently misled, they being apt -to suppose that when they see no gulls or large fishes of prey exhibiting -their gluttonous gambols, there are no herrings present, whilst the -finest and choicest may be at the moment in millions beneath them; in -fact, those which swim near the surface are usually the young, the -gorged, and the sickly. Mr Mitchell informs us that several experienced -masters of Dutch herring busses assured him that the only appearances -they ever sought for were the colour of the sea, which should be a dark -green, and its consistence apparently muddy. There is an additional fact -worthy of observation, which is, that in clear dry weather the fish keep -down at the bottom, and do not ascend until the moon rises. - -The migration of the herring has been long a disputed point, and from -the difficulties to which we have alluded in the commencement of this -article, of observing minutely or accurately the movements or nature of -fishes, it is likely to remain unsettled much longer. The old and long -received opinion has been, that the winter habitation of the herring is -under the vast fields of ice which surround the North Pole within the -Arctic Circle; that they there deposit their spawn and advance southwards -with the opening year, making their appearance off the Zetland islands -about the month of April, and coming upon the coasts of Ireland and -Scotland in June. Off Thurso they are sometimes taken as early as May, -but June, July, and August, are the months in which the fishing is most -actively commenced off the west Highlands of Scotland. Off the east -coast of Ireland, near Arklow, the fishery used to commence in June, but -latterly it has been postponed till October. The fluctuations in the -time of commencing the herring fishery at various places, and the fact -of a winter fishery being successfully carried on in some parts--as for -instance at Killybegs, where they are taken from December till March, and -along the whole coast of Ireland south of Galway Bay, where there are -sufficient indications that the fishery might be successfully carried -on the whole year--have at length caused the hitherto received opinion -of their migration from the Arctic Circle to be questioned, and Mr -Mitchell has given many sound arguments in refutation of it. He divides -the theories upon the subject into three:--first, that the herrings come -from the North Pole in great shoals of many leagues in extent, dividing -into lesser shoals on coming towards the north point of Scotland; -second, that they do not come from the Arctic regions, but from a less -northerly direction, still, however, very far north of Shetland; and, -third, that they are spawned on the coasts near which they are caught, -and are consequently natives; that after spawning, they retire out to -sea, and continue so until their spawning season comes round again, when -they return to their accustomed shore. The latter he considers to be the -most reasonable theory, and adduces in support of it the well-known fact -that the herrings at every fishing station are of a peculiar quality -uniformly the same, and always different from those at other even very -nearly adjoining stations; and so well has this fact been established, -that practical men can at once pronounce from the size, appearance, -and quality of the fish, where it was taken. For example, the herrings -taken off the coast of Stadtland in Norway are almost twice the size of -those taken near Shetland, and these are twice the size of those caught -near Thurso, whilst the Dublin Bay herrings have long been famous for -their superior flavour, which is unmatched by those of any other bay or -harbour. Again, a size of herrings similar to those of Yarmouth visited -till lately the coast of Lumfiord in Denmark, whilst on the Mecklenburg -coast higher up the Baltic, the herrings are one-third larger than those -of Lumfiord; and proceeding up the Baltic above Mecklenburg to the -Pomeranian and part of the Prussian coasts, they are fully one-third -_smaller_; and again still farther up they are larger. In quality and -condition they differ as much as in size, those off the coast of Holland -being so inferior as not to be worth pickling, and the Dutch fishermen -consequently seek the coasts of Scotland and England. - -As to the time of appearance at the several fishing stations, their -irregularity goes far to prove their constant propinquity, the take -commencing at some of the more southern stations before the northern -ones; whereas, if they migrated regularly from the north, it is evident -that the fishing should commence at the various stations in regular -order, from the most northern where the shoals would first make their -appearance, to the next, and so on to the most southward, which should be -deserted by them at some certain season, in order that they might return. - -But there is no well-authenticated instance of those prodigious shoals of -herrings having been met with approaching the south in any high northern -latitude; and so far from their abounding in the Arctic regions, none -have been found in the Greenland seas, nor have any been discovered in -the stomachs of the whales killed there. Egede, who resided in Greenland -for fifteen years, and compiled the natural history of it, after -enumerating the fishes, adds, “No herrings are to be seen;” whilst on the -contrary, the whales which feed principally on herrings, frequent our own -coasts. These arguments appear to be fatal to the theory of the Arctic -migration, and to support most powerfully that of the mere retirement -of the herring to the deep. But Mr Mitchell goes farther, and asserts, -upon the evidence of the celebrated naturalists Bloch and Lacepede, that -“fishes of a similar size even in fresh water cannot go above half a -mile a-day, and that therefore herrings could not make, even from spring -to autumn, the long voyage attributed to them.” Now, this appears to be -going too far, and we would prefer that the argument should rest on the -former grounds, excluding this, which seems to be a weak assertion, -founded upon the observation that fishes do not proceed far from their -haunts, whilst the fact is, that they merely move about in search of -food; but who that has seen the rapid movement of a trout, or of the very -fish we are treating of, could for a moment entertain the idea of their -progress being confined to a rate that the crawling snail might equal? -Mr Mitchell himself mentions a fact that alone is sufficient to rebut -such an assertion, namely, that shortly after the union between England -and Scotland, an immense shoal of herrings ran ashore near Cromarty, and -covered the beach to the depth of several feet; and he adds, “Strange to -say, however, the shoal left the Frith in a single night, and no shoals -made their appearance again for more than half a century.” - -Now, if they could make but half a mile a-day, how could they have -returned several miles in a single night? But this argument was -unnecessary, and it would be well for many persons to know that an -ill-sustained argument is not merely a bad prop to a cause, but a wedge -inserted for the advantage of an adversary, placed ready for his use in -overturning it. - -But the most powerful argument against the theory of migration seems to -have escaped Mr Mitchell’s observation; it is--that the herrings do not -retire to spawn, as was asserted, but actually spawn near the fishing -stations, and retire after it. Their spawn is taken up in abundance, and -the nets are always found to contain large quantities of it, whilst the -assertion that no young herrings are found near our shores, is altogether -absurd, the contrary being the fact. The fecundated roe has the power, -after having been deposited, of attaching itself firmly to the stones, -rocks, or sea-weed, and in about three weeks after deposition, the young -fry come forth from the eggs, and are seen in millions near the shore; in -six or seven weeks they are about three inches in length, and arrive at -maturity in about eighteen months. - -Lacepede tells that in North America the inhabitants carry the -herring-spawn from the spawning ground to the mouths of rivers and -other places not before frequented by the fish, and those places become -forthwith regular resorts for them; and the same authority mentions the -fact of a similar custom in Sweden. - -Thus the theory of the herring being a native of the place which it is -accustomed to frequent annually, seems to be satisfactorily established; -and having thus presented our readers with such information upon the -subject of the natural history of the herring as our space permits, we -shall close this article, reserving some account of the various modes of -fishing and methods of curing, for another paper. - - N. - - * * * * * - -SENTIMENT.--How much fine sentiment there is wasted in our strange world! -I have seen a young lady in raptures of admiration over a flower which -was to deck her hair in the ball-room, who would turn away with a look of -loathing from the proffered kiss of her baby brother; and I have heard -lovely lips, all wreathed in smiles, and breathing tones of joy over a -pretty shell, a shining insect, or even a gay ribbon, say cold and cruel -words to the best friend, ay, the _mother_, who was wearing her life out -to promote the happiness of her ungrateful daughter. - - * * * * * - -MARRIAGE.--When a man of sense comes to marry, it is a companion whom -he wants, and not an artist. It is not merely a creature who can paint, -play, dress, and dance--it is a being who can comfort and console him. - - * * * * * - -BLUSHING.--Blushing in the male sex is too frequently and constantly -regarded as a proof of guiltiness: it is a proof of sensibility and -fear of disrepute, by whatever incident called forth; but except in so -far as fear of being thought guilty is proof, it affords no proof of -the existence of the object by the idea of which the apprehension is -excited.--_Bentham._ - - * * * * * - -Pride destroys all symmetry and grace, and affectation is a more terrible -enemy to fine faces than the small pox.--_Hughes._ - - * * * * * - -At twenty years of ago the will reigns, at thirty the wit, at forty the -judgment.--_Grattan._ - - * * * * * - -Authors in France seldom speak ill of each other, unless they have a -personal pique. Authors in England seldom speak well of each other, -unless they have a personal friendship.--_Pope._ - - * * * * * - - Printed and published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at - the Office of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane, - College Green, Dublin.--Agents:--R. GROOMBRIDGE, Panyer Alley, - Paternoster Row, London; SIMMS and DINHAM, Exchange Street, - Manchester; C. DAVIES, North John Street, Liverpool; J. DRAKE, - Birmingham; SLOCOMBE and SIMMS, Leeds; FRASER and CRAWFORD, - George Street, Edinburgh; and DAVID ROBERTSON, Trongate, - Glasgow. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. -31, January 30, 1841, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL *** - -***** This file should be named 54722-0.txt or 54722-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/7/2/54722/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 31, January 30, 1841 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: May 14, 2017 [EBook #54722] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span></p> - -<h1>THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.</h1> - -<table summary="Headline layout"> - <tr> - <td class="smcap">Number 31.</td> - <td class="center">SATURDAY, JANUARY 30, 1841.</td> - <td class="right smcap">Volume I.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter gap4" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/castle.jpg" width="500" height="380" alt="Dun-garbry Castle" /> -</div> - -<h2>DUN-GARBRY CASTLE, COUNTY OF LEITRIM.</h2> - -<p>The Castle of Dun-garbry, or properly Dun-cairbré, signifying -the Dun or Fort of Cairbre, is situated on a hill, on the -south side, and not far from the mouth, of the Drowis, or -<i lang="ga">Drobhaois</i>—a river very celebrated in Irish history—and the -estuary of the beautiful Lough Melvin, in the lower part of -the county of Leitrim, bordering on the county of Sligo. -Though marked on the maps made in the reign of Elizabeth -as an important fortress, its ruins are now but inconsiderable, -and consist only of a side wall perforated by an arched doorway. -But trivial as these vestiges are, they impart some -historic interest to scenery of the most delightful character -by which it is surrounded, and are valuable as a memorial of -an ancient Irish family, once of great rank in the county, -though now reduced to utter decay, at least in their original -locality.</p> - -<p>Dun-garbry Castle was erected by the chief of the Mac-Clanchys, -or correctly <i lang="ga">Mac-Fhlannchadha</i>, a sept or clan who -possessed the ancient district called Dartree, the present barony -of Rossclogher, and of which the Castle of Rossclogher, -situated on an island in Lough Melvin, was their chief residence. -The name of its founder and the date of its erection -are not preserved; but the latter may with probability be -referred to a period anterior to the reign of Henry VIII., as -the Annals of the Four Masters record at the year 1538, that -“Cahir (the son of Feradach, the son of William), the son of -Mac Clanchy, heir-apparent to the chieftainship of Dartree, -died in that year in Dun-cairbre.”</p> - -<p>It may be proper to state that there are in Ireland two perfectly -distinct families of the name Mac Clanchy, or, as it is now -more usually written, Clancey; first, the family of Thomond -or Clare, some of whom were hereditary Brehons or judges to -the O’Briens, and who were a branch of the Macnamaras; -and, secondly, the family of Dartree, who were hereditary -chiefs of that district from a very remote period.</p> - -<p>The notices of the chiefs of this family, as preserved in the -Irish Annals from the twelfth till the seventeenth century, -will serve to convey a very vivid impression of the insecurity -of life resulting from the unsettled state of society, and its -retrogression towards absolute barbarism during this unhappy -period of our history, and will teach us also to appreciate -the blessings we derive from the progress which civilization -has made within the last century.</p> - -<p>1241. Donnell Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, died.</p> - -<p>1274. Cathal Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, died.</p> - -<p>1278. Gillchreest Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, <em>was slain</em>.</p> - -<p>1301. William (the son of Cathal) Mac Clanchy, chief of -Dartree, <em>was slain</em>.</p> - -<p>1303. Murtogh Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, <em>was slain</em>.</p> - -<p>1337. Teige (the son of William) Mac Clanchy, chief of -Dartree, <em>was slain</em> by O’Conor.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span></p> - -<p>1349. Hugh Mac Clanchy, chief of Dartree, and Gillchreest -Mac Clanchy, <em>were slain</em>.</p> - -<p>1366. Cathal (the son of Teige) Mac Clanchy, chief of -Dartree, <em>was slain</em>.</p> - -<p>1418. Teige (the son of Cathal) Mac Clanchy, chief of -Dartree, died in a monastery.</p> - -<p>1420. Cathal (the son of Teige) Mac Clanchy, chief of -Dartree, and Hugh boy (or the yellow) Mac Clanchy, <em>were -slain</em> in their own house, about the festival of St Bridget, by -their own kinsmen Teige, Maurice, and Henry.</p> - -<p>1421. Cathal O’Rourke and his sons made a nocturnal attack -on Mac Clanchy on Iniskeen, an island of Lough Melvin, -and the guards of the lake delivered up the boats of the -lake to them. They took young Mac Clanchy prisoner, and -possessed themselves of Lough Melvin and its castle. Five -of the sons of Mac Clanchy, and a great number of the men -of Dartree, were slain by them, and the remainder of the sons -of Mac Clanchy went after that into Carbury.</p> - -<p>1532. Turlogh, the son of Mac Clanchy, was slain by his -own two brothers in the doorway of the mansion of Mac -Clanchy. In revenge of this murder, Brien O’Rourke destroyed -a great portion of Dartree.</p> - -<p>1536. Mac Clanchy (Feradach, the son of William, the -son of Teige), chief of Dartree, died. He was a charitable -and humane man.</p> - -<p>1578. Mac Clanchy (Cathal Duff, the son of Feradach), -chief of Dartree, died, and his son Cathal Oge assumed his -place.</p> - -<p>1582. Mac Clanchy (Cathal Oge), chief of Dartree, <em>was -slain</em> by his own kinsman Teige Oge.</p> - -<p>It appears from an inquisition taken at the Abbey of Creevelea, -on the 24th September 1603, that Cathal Oge Mac -Clanchy died on the 3d of January 1582, seized of the castle -and manor of Dun-carbry, and of the whole country called -Mac Clanchy’s country, leaving a son and heir, Cathal Duff, -then aged twenty-eight years.</p> - -<p>It appears, however, that in accordance with the Brehon -law, the chieftainship of Dartree passed at his death not to his -son, but to the eldest surviving representative of the name, as -an inquisition taken at Rossclogher on the 3d of October -in the same year, finds that the greater part of the country, -including the Castle of Dun-carbry, and the castle and chief -town of Rossclogher, &c., were in the possession of Malaghlin -Mac Clanchy, who died so seized on the 13th of August 1603, -leaving a son and heir, Cahir Mac Clanchy, three years and -ten months old at the time of his father’s death; and it is -stated that all these castles, lands, &c., were held of the king -by knights’ service <i lang="la">in capite</i>, but the quantity of the service was -not ascertained by the inquisitors. By the will of this Malaghlin -Mac Clanchy he bequeathed to his son and heir, Cahir, -all his lands except such as were nominated wife’s jointure; -and to his wife, Katherine Ny Rourke, who was found to -have been his legitimate consort, he bequeathed his Castle of -Dun-garbry, as also his chief town called Rossclogher, in pawn -of her marriage goods, until his heir should redeem it.</p> - -<p>The property of the Mac Clanchys was confiscated after the -rebellion of 1641, but their name is the prevailing one in the -barony of Dartree, or Rossclogher, to the present day.</p> - -<p class="right">P.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">THE GIG RACE,<br /> -<span class="smaller">OR A PULL FOR THE SILVER CUP.</span></h2> - -<p>In the prettily situated village of Ring, within the beautiful -harbour of Cove, lived an old man named Jeremiah Sullivan, -who was by profession a boat-builder, and who, being unrivalled -in that art, justly regarded himself as one of the most -important personages in the said village, if not in the county -of Cork itself. It was indeed the conviction of Jerry that the -man who, if any such man there were, could surpass him in -the plan, the construction, or the finish of a race-gig, must be -a wonder, and far above the general standard of human excellence. -After his divine art, and the equally divine productions -of that art, his daughter Sally Sullivan was next best -loved by the enthusiastic and honest old man. Sally had the -reputation of a snug little fortune and of an infinite deal of -beauty, the latter founded, no doubt, on the possession of a -pair of roguish black eyes, a blooming cheek, and a rosy pair -of lips, that half disclosed two rows of the prettiest and whitest -teeth in the world.</p> - -<p>Jerry had one favourite apprentice, to whom he had already -imparted some of the most important secrets in his profession, -and to whom, at some distant period, he intended to confide -the entire, as a legacy richer than the hoarded treasures of a -miser; nay, more valuable than even the philosopher’s stone. -William Collins (for such was his name) was a fine-looking -young fellow, standing about five feet ten inches in height, and -possessed of a light, active, muscular, and admirably proportioned -figure; indeed, Sally was known to have told her female -friend in the strictest confidence that William had the brightest -pair of eyes, and the handsomest brown curls, that young man -could well be vain of. William, on the other hand, could find -no language sufficiently comprehensive to express his ideas of -Sally’s beauty; and as for her good qualities, her temper, her -cheerfulness, her sweet-toned merry laugh—to describe them -was quite an impossibility. The fact was, they were both -young, both amiable, both warm-hearted, and very naturally -both lovers! Yet poor old Jerry never dreamed what the -real state of the case was. Wonderful as was his penetration, -deep as was his knowledge, and great as was his skill in all -matters appertaining to the building of a boat, in affairs of the -heart he was blind and stupid as a mole. He, honest simpleton, -could never dream that Sally’s frequent intrusions into the -work-yard could be attributed to aught else than that most -natural spirit of curiosity common to young people who desired -to witness the interesting process of a delightful and -important art! Besides, Jerry never wore his spectacles within -doors; and, therefore, it must be presumed he never saw -the eloquent flushing of his daughter’s cheek, or the additional -brilliancy of her dark eye, when he spoke of the young man’s -attention to his duty, and of his surprising advancement in the -nicer labours of the profession.</p> - -<p>Early in the month of May, a gentleman ordered a race-gig -from Sullivan, and from time to time sent his man Duggin to -see after the progress of the work. This Duggin was held to -be the crack oarsman of the harbour, and consequently prided -himself not a little on his reputation. He was a powerfully made -though not a tall man, and his features were rather good than -otherwise, but rendered displeasing from a peculiar expression -of cunning about the eyes, and a perpetual sneer on his -lip. Duggin had heard of Sally Sullivan’s fame as a beauty; -and being quite of a gallant temperament, he conceived the -very natural design of rendering himself agreeable to the old -boat-builder’s daughter. The moulds were laid down, and -soon the outline of the future race-gig began to be formed -more distinctly, when Mr Curly Duggin one day entered the -work-yard to pass his opinion on what had been already done, -and to offer any suggestions as to the future, that his scientific -judgment might deem necessary. On his entrance he found -the peerless Sally seated on a chair, and apparently employed -at some feminine labour—<em>apparently</em> so, for in reality her eyes -were fixed on every movement of William Collins, who was -busily engaged in the building of this future wonder of the -race-gig class. Sally, observing the stranger enter, and not -relishing the familiar stare of a pair of wicked-looking optics, -nor the too evident admiration they expressed on their master’s -part, immediately left the yard, and retired to the neatly -painted cottage of her father. As for Collins, looking up from -his work at that very instant, he saw, with the quickness of -jealousy, the manner of Duggin and the retreat of Sally; and -from that hour he felt an unconquerable aversion to the bold -looking oarsman.</p> - -<p>“Come, now, I’m blessed,” said Duggin, “that’s a nate tidy -craft, if I’m a judge in the laste! I say, Mister what’s-your-name, -isn’t that purty girl the ould fellow’s daughter?” “Yes, -she is,” replied William, with a growl; “that young woman is -<em>Miss</em> Sullivan.” “Sartinly she is a beauty without paint! Has -she a heap of fine strapping fellows, that’s sweethearts, following -of her—has she, my hearty?” “How the devil should I -know! What have I to do with any one’s business but my -own?—and that gives me enough to mind.” “Why, my fine -fellow,” said Duggin, rather annoyed at the reply, “I tell you -what, that same ain’t over partiklar civil.” “Isn’t it?—then -if you don’t like my civility, I can’t help your liking; so that’s -all I care about the matter.”</p> - -<p>Duggin made no reply, but marching round and round the -half-built boat, he made several slighting observations signifying -his utter contempt for the plan, as well as its execution. -“Why, blow it!” said he, “look at that. I tell you there’s no -living use for that infernally outlandish keel. You might as -well turn a lighter, as such a tub as that, in the water!”</p> - -<p>Poor William’s feelings were almost too great for words, -so indignant was he at this coarse and vulgar attack on the -object of his zealous labours. He, however, merely said,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span> -“She’s very unlike a tub, for the matter of that; and as for -the keel, that will give her a sure grip of the water, and make -her hold her way.” “Who’s the out-and-out judge that said -them wise things, I’d like to know?” asked Duggin, with a -mocking sneer on his lip. “Them that’s as fine judges as -any in the harbour,” replied Collins; “there’s Dan Magrath, -and Ned Desmond, and Mark Brien, down at the ferry; and -there aren’t better men to be found at handling an oar.” -“Bother!” said Duggin, “little I’d give for a score of ’em; and -as for that fellow Magrath, he’s a regular <em>lubber</em>, that isn’t no -more fit in a race than I’m fit to bite a piece out of this anchor -at my feet!” “I know nothing about biting the anchor,” said -Collins; “but I tell you what: the four of us will try you at -the regatta for the ten-pound cup!” “Done! done! my -hearty: mind ye don’t go back, and be forgetting yer promise!” -said Duggin, with the air of one already certain of the prize. -“Don’t be afraid of me,” Collins replied; “I never broke -my word yet, and I don’t intend to begin now.” Again did -Duggin criticise the boat, and declare himself dissatisfied -with nearly every point about her. The temper of the young -builder was severely tried; but rather than turn away a customer -from his master’s yard, he with difficulty succeeded in -curbing his rising passion. Scarcely had Duggin, however, -left the yard, when a piercing shriek rang from the house, -through which lay the general passage. William heard it, -and flinging aside the plane he was then using, he rushed in to -ascertain its cause. What was his amazement at beholding -Sally struggling violently to release herself from the arms of -the gallant Duggin, who was endeavouring in vain to snatch -a kiss from the maiden’s rosy mouth! “Ha! you villain!—there, -take that!” said Collins, as with one fierce spring he -gripped him by the throat, and flung him headlong on the -floor.</p> - -<p>Duggin was for a moment nearly stunned by the fall, but -when in a measure recovered from its effects, he rose from -the ground, and eyeing the pair with a fiendish expression of -malice and revenge, he said, “Collins, mark my word for it, -if I was to go to hell for it, I’ll be into you for that fall! -Mind you keep a look-out, my tidy fellow! Good morning to -you, Sally—good morning, purty Sally! Don’t forget the race, -unless you’re afraid, Collins!” So saying, Duggin left the -house; and no sooner had he gone, than Sally, frightened by -his brutal insolence, burst into a flood of tears; but she at -length allowed herself to be consoled by William, who used -the most persuasive and powerful arguments in order to soothe -her ruffled spirits.</p> - -<p>As might be anticipated, the gig was disliked, and left on -old Sullivan’s hands. Jerry was a little peevish on the subject, -and was continually regretting his unfortunate attack of -the gout, which prevented himself from superintending the -work, and of a consequence rendering it a model of perfection. -But poor William bore up manfully against all, and -even had the audacity to prophesy, for the old man’s comfort, -that in two days after the coming regatta, he would procure -for the gig no less a sum than two-and-twenty guineas! -The boat was finished, launched, and christened “the Darling -Sally;” her fair namesake worked with her own pretty -fingers a white silken flag, that was intended to adorn the -beautifully-moulded bow.</p> - -<p>It was summer, and the sun was in his meridian glory, -pouring a flood of light and beauty over one of the loveliest -combinations of landscape—the tree-clad hill, the many-coloured -rock, and the widely-extended water—that can by possibility -be found within the limits of the British empire. The -month was glorious July, and the scene was the far-famed -Cove of Cork. How beautiful did all appear on the last day -of the regatta, as a fleet of fairy-like yachts, yielding to the -light breeze that just broke the surface of the sea into tiny -waves, dashed aside from their bows the silver spray, and -skimmed like sea-birds over the bosom of the Cove. The -sea actually blazed with light, and the islands seemed like -emeralds set in gold. Green were the hills that encircled in -their embrace the beauteous sheet of water, and cloudless -was the heaven that overhung the loveliness of earth. A -stately man-of-war rode at anchor nearly opposite the town -of Cove, and gay were the flags and streamers that enlivened -by their hues the dark maze of rigging rising from the nobly -proportioned hull. Several merchantmen were also there, -and decked in like manner as the floating citadel—the seaman’s -pride. The marine picture was finished by myriads of -boats of all sizes and shapes, from the one-oared punt and the -light wherry, to the family whaler or the well-manned race-gig, -that were ever gliding to and fro, imparting life and animation -to the beautiful scene.</p> - -<p>On the Regatta Quay might be observed hundreds of elegantly -dressed females, with their attentive cavaliers; some -of the latter arrayed in divers fantastic styles of costume, intended -to resemble the garb of the sailor, and resembling it -about as much as their affectation and the swagger of their -gait resembled his manner. Naval and military officers added -by their brilliant uniforms to the liveliness of the picture. -On an erected platform was stationed a brass band, that from -time to time played some fine pieces of music and exhilarating -airs—a fitting accompaniment to the soft murmur of the -wave, the harmony of nature.</p> - -<p>Outside the gate of the privileged yard were ranged tents -of every variety—some few in the form of an oblong square, -with a slanting roof—others like an Indian wigwam—some -covered with bleached, and some with dirty canvass, -while in each of them a piper or a fiddler might be heard discoursing -most peculiar music, responded to by the clatter of -some score of feet, whose movements would puzzle the eccentric -genius of Fanny Elsler herself. Outside these temples, -erected equally to Bacchus and the lively Terpsichore, more -intellectual food was offered to the youthful mind in the antics -of Punch and Judy; and there was, besides, a magnificent -theatre, the approach to which was by a <em>ladder</em>, and on a -platform before which the distinguished company—Turkish -warriors and Christian knights, princesses and Columbine, -assassin and clown—were threading the intricacies of a fashionable -dance, to the sound of three trumpets and a drum. -Fun, frolic, and delight, reigned within as well as without. -In fine, it was the last day of the regatta, and “<em>now or -never</em>” was the universal motto.</p> - -<p>In obedience to the warning gun, the twenty-ton yachts -had drawn up in line near their starting buoys. For a moment -their mainsails flapped idly in the breeze as they wore -gracefully round. Another gun, and up went jibs and gaff-top-sails, -as they began to move in one cluster of snowy -canvass. At first they seemed scarcely to stir through the -water that lazily rippled around their bows; but as the breeze -began to be felt, they got under weigh, and the waves were -broken into foam by the dividing stem. Sally was seated in -the well-cushioned stern of her father’s four-oared family gig, -which was steered by that worthy individual himself; she -wore a Leghorn bonnet with smart pink ribbons; and as she -sat near her bluff, broad-shouldered, honest old parent, she -looked as handsome a maiden as ever lent willing ear to a -lover’s vows. She was now all anxiety, as the time for William’s -race was near at hand. Duggin’s crew were on the course; and -if one might judge from the perfect appointment of the gig, -the lively strokes pulled on her, and the rapidity with which -she was turned, one should seem to run no risk in betting on -her certain success. The Norah Creenah—for such was her -name—was painted on the outside a delicate buff, and on the -inside pink. One of the best and most fortunate cockswains -in the harbour steered her; and as he glanced on the powerful -limbs and the muscular chests of his men, and saw the -exquisite regularity with which the blades were dipped into -the wave, his heart swelled with anticipated triumph. “Sally, -my dear,” said old Jerry Sullivan to his daughter, “take -the <em>ropes</em> for a minute, and mind what you’re about, child.” -Jerry stood up in the boat to have a peep at the preparations -for the race; but hardly had he time to satisfy his curiosity, -when the bow of the gig came slap against the side of a large -yawl, and he was laid sprawling in the bottom from the concussion; -and to mend the matter, Sally began to scream most -energetically at the mischief she herself had occasioned. -The truth was, she had mechanically obeyed her father’s -directions, by taking the tiller-ropes, but that was all, -for her thoughts were far otherwise engaged. “Back -water, ye infarnal ould lubber! Do you want to stave -the side of us in? Where’s yer eyes, ye ould fool?” Such -were the pleasing queries which the parties in the assaulted -boat levelled at the innocent Jerry. “Why don’t you look -out yourselves, and be hanged to ye!” said the choleric -builder, as he replied in the true Irish fashion by putting -another question. After plentifully heaping the choicest epithets -on each other, the belligerent parties at last separated, -the victory being equally divided. “Come, boys,” said Jerry -to his crew, “heave ahead, and let us see are they getting -all ready for the start.” In a few moments the boat reached -that part of the strand where William Collins and his companions -were busily employed in rubbing black lead on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span> -bottom of the new gig. “Well, Bill, my hearty, how’re -you coming on? What do you think of her now? don’t she -look handsome?” “She does, sir, look very beautiful,” answered -William in reply to his master’s last remark, as he -gazed with admiration on Sally. “Is the paint hard on her, -Bill?” asked Jerry. “Paint! paint on her, sir!” exclaimed -William, still looking at Sally. “Why, what ails you, boy? -I said paint; is the paint dry?” “All right, sir; hard as a -bone.” “Very good—now see are the stretchers the regular -length and well lashed down.” But though he received an -affirmative answer, he was not satisfied till he had convinced -himself by examination that all the arrangements had been -attended to by William. “I’m aisy in mind now, any how. -I hope she’ll do; eh, Bill?” “Never fear, sir; we’ll do our -best; and if we don’t come in first, it won’t be our own -fault. Did you hear the news, sir? A gentleman—the same -that was in the yard over on Friday—came up to me and -said if the boat won the race, he’d give five-and-twenty -guineas down on the nail.” “Bless my soul!” exclaimed old -Sullivan, charmed at the offer. “But what good is a man -offering of such a price when there isn’t any great chance -of her winning?—oh, if I wasn’t laid up in my bed when she -was building! Well, it can’t be helped now; more’s the pity!” -“Well, sir, we must do our best; won’t we, boys?” said -William, turning to his crew. “We’ll try, any how,” was -the reply, as they raised the light gig carefully from off the -stones on which she rested, and gently floated her on the -water. “William, here’s the flag,” said Sally. “Ha! there’s -the gun!” “’Tis the gun, sure enough. I’ll bring you the -cup, Sally, I hope. Come, lads,” he continued, “take your -places. There—step gently! Magrath, tread on the kelson, -and don’t stand that way on the ribs!” “Run down a bit,” -said Jerry, “and lave me see your trim. Give the long steady -stroke, for the breeze is freshening. Now start away; and, -Bill, my boy, mind you win!” Away they pulled from the -strand; and as they shot quickly out, Jerry could not help -exclaiming with delight, as he noticed how evenly the gig -went under the stroke, and how regular was the time kept -with their oars; but his former misgivings returned, as he remarked -the great difficulty with which she was brought round. -Duggin, in the meantime, was dashing about, attracting all -eyes by the beauty of the Norah. “Clear the course!—clear -the course—pull out of the way!” So bawled the racing -steward, as by entreaty or by threat he succeeded in clearing -a space sufficient for the rival boats. “Take your places!” -again shouted he. Oh! how Sally’s heart beat as she saw -the gigs drawn up opposite the quay where the fashionables -were assembled, and on which was placed a small signal-battery. -She leaned against her father for support, as she -observed the crews gently “backing water” to keep on a line -till the word was given. “Which side will you take?” asked -the cockswain of the Sally. “All the same, my hearty; stay -where you are,” answered Duggin with a voice as if confident -of success. “Ready!” shouted the steward. All oars -were thrown forward, as the men bent ready for the first -dash. “Fire!” Scarce had the gun boomed over the water -when the blades were dipped together. “Pull, boys, pull!” -cried the cockswain of the Norah. “Heave away, my lads, -heave! now for the start!” cried the other. After about -five strokes the buff shot right ahead, clearing completely -the bow of her sable rival. A sneer of bitter triumph might -be seen on Duggin’s lip as he darted past his hated opponent. -In a very few minutes more, however, the buff ceased to -gain, as the black, under the powerful and steady stroke of -her crew, began to more gallantly through the water. As -they came alongside the ruined barracks below the town of -Cove, the Sally had come up to the Norah, and for a short -distance they went stem and stem together. From that point -they had to shoot over towards a large buoy, round which -they must turn. The cockswains now urged on their men, -who answered by a cheer, as the wave foamed under their -strokes. Duggin’s crew pulled with desperate vigour in order -to gain the turn, but the black continued the same even regular -pull that was evidently telling well. “Look now, -father; is the white flag first? is it ahead, father?” asked -Sally. “No, child; the Norah is—— No! she is not! -Bravo, Bill! there they go for the buoy! That’s it. More -power to you, Bill! Don’t they walk out of the saucy buff!” -It was true for Jerry; the black boat was now fairly six -lengths ahead, and was gaining more at every stroke. They -reached the buoy; and now began the difficulty. “Back water, -larboard side; pull—pull on the starboard,” said the cockswain. -“Magrath, heave! Brien, that’s the go!” shouted -William, as he backed with all his might. “Hurra for the -honour of Passage! Pull, my lads, pull!—rattle into ’em. -Hurra!” bawled the Norah’s helmsman, with a voice hoarse -from exertion. Before the Sally could be well got under -weigh after the turn, the Norah had darted round the buoy, -and was in a moment three lengths beyond her. “Oh, -heavens, they’re beat!” said Jerry, as he sank back on the -cushion in utter despair. “Don’t say that, father! Look -again!” entreated Sally. “There!” cried the old man, as he -ventured another glance, “she’s clane out of her again! -Bravo, Bill! Give it to her! There she clips, the beauty! -I always said there wasn’t your equal except myself at building -a gig! Now, boys,” continued he, addressing his own -crew, “pull a rattling touch over, and we’ll give them such a -cheer! Heave, my lads—that’s it; bend your lazy backs!” -The course was about two or three miles in length from the -buoy to the old convict-hulk, round whose dark mass the boats -must pull before they made for the quay from which they had -started, and which was also the winning-place. The struggle -up along the bank was indeed a beautiful sight, as from time -to time the chances seemed to vary in favour of each, and as -the crews appeared to gain new vigour from the cheering that -came from the numerous boats which met them on the course. -Gallantly did the long stroke tell on the Sally, as she shot far -out of the rakish buff. She was dashing on in noble style for -the convict-ship, when, smash! away went the bowman’s -oar! All was in confusion. On came the Norah! At that -very moment Jerry Sullivan arrived; and seeing the terrible -disaster, he caught at the oar next his hand, and flung it -within reach of the bowman. “You have it now, my boys. -Now, Bill, pull, my darling fellow, hurrah!” shouted Jerry, as -the crew gave back the cheer, and the Sally bounded after the -lively Norah. Thirty strokes more, and the Sally was stem -and stem with her well-manned rival. They passed the man-of-war, -and the sailors who crowded the side of the noble vessel -gave them a cheer. Before them rose the hull of the old convict-ship, -and now the struggle was, who should round her -first. Still was the same quick stroke pulled on the buff, and -still did the other crew continue to keep the same powerful -one on the black. The stern of the hulk was neared; the -Sally was five boats ahead, but the Norah dashed on gallantly -in her wake. “Pull, boys, pull!” was the word in -both boats. “Back water hard! Pull on the bow! Hurra! -Back her well! Hurra!” shouted both cockswains. The Sally -had not well rounded the bow of the convict-ship, when the -Norah had turned, as if on a pivot, and again was stem and -stem with her opponent. Now, indeed, was the true time for -testing the capabilities both of the men and the boats, for a -breeze was blowing from the west, and as the tide was -making fast out of the harbour, there was a swell as both met -in opposition. Shouts now greeted the gigs as they dashed -on to the winning-place. Again did old Jerry meet them, and -cheer aloud! Duggin literally foamed at the mouth, as he -plied his oar with the energy of desperation, while William -shouted to his crew to pull; and pull they did. In spite of all -the exertions of Duggin, the Norah dropped back, as the Sally -bounded on to the goal. Duggin cursed and raved, but all to -no purpose; for the high-pointed bow of his gig caught the -wind, and she had not the same power of keeping her way as -the other, owing to her want of keel. “Stand by with the -match!” cried the steward. “There they come; the black -boat is long ahead! Fire!” No sooner had the loud report -followed the quick flash, than the oars were tossed on high, -and the Sally rode triumphant! Loud were the shouts that -rang from land and sea, as the victors dropped their blades -into the wave, and shot into the landing-place to receive their -well-earned prize. Who can describe the pride and joy of the -old man, or the deep rapture of his daughter, as they saw the -steward present the silver cup to William, flushed as he was -from the exertion and triumph of the moment! As it would -be quite impossible to do justice to their feelings, the attempt -must be modestly refrained from.</p> - -<p>The gig was immediately purchased for twenty-five guineas, -and orders were given to Jerry for the building of two more -on an exactly similar plan. As for Duggin, he was so subdued -in spirit by the loss of his reputation as a crack oarsman, that -he never after that day was known to try his fortune on the -course, and neither visited Ring to woo Miss Sullivan, nor to -make good his threat on the body of the victorious William. -It has been since whispered among the gossips of the village -that old Jerry Sullivan, though much surprised at hearing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span> -of the mutual love of William and Sally, finally gave his blessing -and consent to their union. Need it be told that the -well-won silver cup was ever looked on as an honoured vessel, -and that Sally prized it nearly as much as William himself -did?</p> - -<p class="right">J. F. M.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">A RIDE WITH DEATH.</h2> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I saw him pass by, while the east-wind blew,</div> -<div class="verse">And the vernal blooms from the branches flew;</div> -<div class="verse">Lo! there he speeds, that old skeleton-man,</div> -<div class="verse">With his frame all bleached, all withered and wan;</div> -<div class="verse">His eye-balls are gone, and his cheek-bones bare,</div> -<div class="verse">And he rides a pale horse through the cold humid air!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Now he resteth himself ’neath an old dry tree,</div> -<div class="verse">Where the moss hath grown for a century:</div> -<div class="verse">He feeds his steed with grass that grew rank</div> -<div class="verse">On the field where warriors in battle sank;</div> -<div class="verse">Bedabbled with blood, it thick grew, and strong,</div> -<div class="verse">And to Death’s pale horse doth of right belong!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Gone is the beauty from violet blue,</div> -<div class="verse">For the look of Death hath pierced it through;</div> -<div class="verse">And the crocus that bloomed near the old dry tree,</div> -<div class="verse">Hath faded away, such a sight to see;</div> -<div class="verse">And the grass where he sat, that was bright and green,</div> -<div class="verse">Turned pale as the blades where a stone hath been.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Ha! ha! old pilgrim! may I go with thee,</div> -<div class="verse">Thy doings fearful and strange to see?</div> -<div class="verse">He nodded his head; not a word said Death,</div> -<div class="verse">For he had little need to waste his breath:</div> -<div class="verse">A man of short speech, he speaks in his brow;</div> -<div class="verse">He looks what he means, when he says “Come thou!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We paused near a maiden with rosy cheek,</div> -<div class="verse">A lovely maiden, with blue eye meek;</div> -<div class="verse">But her youthful bloom, how it faded away!</div> -<div class="verse">Her heart was in heaven, she might not stay:</div> -<div class="verse">And we looked at an infant that lay on the breast,</div> -<div class="verse">A mother’s pride, and it sank to rest!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We stood by the cot of a widowed dame;</div> -<div class="verse">Life’s feeble embers gave out their last flame:</div> -<div class="verse">At the hut of a slave we stepped gently in;</div> -<div class="verse">With pity Death looked on his frame so thin,</div> -<div class="verse">And his face, as he watched at the old man’s bed,</div> -<div class="verse">Said “Peacefully let him be one with the dead!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">At a palace we tarried, and there one lay</div> -<div class="verse">On his last sad couch, at the close of day;</div> -<div class="verse">He struggled hard, but Death’s face said “No!</div> -<div class="verse">Duty is mine, wheresoever I go:</div> -<div class="verse">Peasant or king, it is all the same,</div> -<div class="verse">Mine must thou be—I have here thy name!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We hovered around where a Christian sire</div> -<div class="verse">Lay waiting to join the eternal choir;</div> -<div class="verse">Peaceful and calm was his holy repose;</div> -<div class="verse">He sank as the sun on a May-day’s close:</div> -<div class="verse">He rose as the sun with beams tricked anew,</div> -<div class="verse">When flowers bend with beauty, and leaves with dew.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We crossed the path of a beautiful bark,</div> -<div class="verse">How many the corses, all stiff and stark!</div> -<div class="verse">Down sank the vessel beneath the wild wave,</div> -<div class="verse">No hand was near one poor soul to save!</div> -<div class="verse">We glanced at a ship by an iceberg crushed,</div> -<div class="verse">We gazed but a moment—then all was hushed.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We asked of a miser to yield up his gold,</div> -<div class="verse">But he loosed not his clutch when his hands were cold.</div> -<div class="verse">We entered a town, as it shook to and fro,</div> -<div class="verse">An earthquake was raging in fury below;</div> -<div class="verse">Dwellings were rocking like trees when storm-tost,</div> -<div class="verse">Crashing and sinking—till all were lost!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We stayed our flight o’er a funeral pile,</div> -<div class="verse">Where the Ganges roll’d swift through a deep defile;</div> -<div class="verse">Where Brahmin priests rent with cries the air,</div> -<div class="verse">While the victim lay burning and crackling there;</div> -<div class="verse">And the devotees of dark Jaggernath</div> -<div class="verse">We saw mangled and torn in its bloody path.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We paused a while where a family stood,</div> -<div class="verse">Partaking the sacred “body and blood;”</div> -<div class="verse">And we saw their mother unfaltering pray,</div> -<div class="verse">When life’s mellow evening way failing away;</div> -<div class="verse">And as she sighed out her last tremulous breath,</div> -<div class="verse">Was ended my first wild ride with Death.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">—<cite>From the Knickerbocker.</cite></div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<h2 class="gap4">ANCIENT SEAL OF THE ISLAND OF SAINT COLMOC.</h2> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"> -<img src="images/seal.jpg" width="250" height="250" alt="A woodcut of the seal described in this article" /> -</div> - -<p>The prefixed woodcut of an impression of an ancient monastic -seal hitherto unpublished, will, we think, interest some of our -readers both in Scotland and Ireland, as, though it is certainly -not Irish, it is intimately connected with that bright period of -our history when Ireland sent forth her crowds of learned -ecclesiastics to preach the gospel and instruct the people, not -only to Scotland and England, but also to Germany, France, -Switzerland, Belgium, Mecklenburg, and even distant Iceland, -in all which their memories are still venerated as patron saints—that -period to which Spenser alludes in the lines:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">“Whylome, when Ireland flourished in fame</div> -<div class="verse">Of wealth and goodness, far above the rest</div> -<div class="verse">Of all that bear the British island’s name.”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>The matrix, which is of bronze or brass, was discovered -among old brass at a foundry in London some three or four -years ago, and is now in the possession of Mr Thomas, a -merchant of that city, who has the largest collection of remains -of this kind ever formed in the British empire.</p> - -<p>The legend, which is in the semi-Saxon character of the -twelfth century, reads—</p> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcapuc">SI . COMMUNE . DE . INSULA . SANCTI . COLMOCI:</span><br /> -or,<br /> -<span class="smcapuc">THE COMMON SEAL OF THE ISLAND OF SAINT COLMOC.</span></p> - -<p>The locality of this seal has been hitherto referred to the -celebrated Irish monastery of Iona, or Hy-Columbkille, and -such we ourselves deemed it when the impression was first -sent to us. But on maturer reflection we are now disposed -to consider this conclusion erroneous, and that the seal should -with greater probability be referred to the monastery of Inch-Colm, -a small island in the Frith of Forth, lying between -Edinburgh and Inverkeithing, and which was anciently called -Emonia, or Y-mona, <i>i. e.</i> the Island of Mona. On this island -the Scottish King Alexander I., in gratitude for his escape -from a violent storm, by which he was driven on the island in -1123, founded a monastery dedicated to its patron saint, and -of which there are still considerable remains. It was plundered -by the English in the reign of Edward III., who, as it is -said, suffered shipwreck for their sacrilege; and if we might -hazard a conjecture, it would be, that the seal may have been -carried into England at that time. But be this as it may, -the seal perfectly agrees in style with similar remains of the -twelfth century, and we have little doubt, that this is its true -locality, as the name in the legend will not with correctness -or propriety apply to any other known to exist. For, in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span> -first place, the monastery of Iona, the only other religious -house to which it could be referred, is invariably called Insula -Columbæ, or I-Columbkille, in all ancient documents, and it -would be against all probability that it should bear a different -appellation on its seal. In the second place, the name of the -patron saint of Iona is never written <span class="smcap">Colmoc</span>, which is an -Irish diminutive form of the name <span class="smcap">Colum</span>, and which, as in -the Latin, means a dove. But this name <span class="smcap">Colmoc</span> was applied -by the ancient Irish and Scotch indifferently to persons bearing -the name of <span class="smcap">Colman</span>, both being but synonymous and -convertible diminutives of the name <em>Colum</em>—and hence it -would follow that this seal must have belonged to some -monastery which was dedicated not to St Columb, but to St -Colman or Colmoc. It may however be objected that the -island called Inch-Colm was dedicated to the celebrated apostle -of Scotland, St Columbkille; and it is true that Colgan, -on the authority of Fordun, does place it among the list of his -foundations. But Fordun is a weak authority to rely on -in such matters; and from the greater contiguity of this island -to Lindesfarn, of which the Irish St Colman was the third -bishop, it would seem more rational to attribute the origin of -its name to him than to the saint of Iona. In either case, -however, the seal is one of great interest to Scottish topography -and Irish history.</p> - -<p class="right">P.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4">STREET CIGAR-SMOKERS.</h2> - -<p>Reader, are you given to cigar-smoking? The reason we -put the question is, that we should not like to offend you by -any thing you might find in our pages indicating a contempt -on our part for this silly, and, as we think, vulgar practice. -If you be, then, pass over this short article, or as our old -Irish schoolmaster used to tell us when we came to a passage -which we could not construe, nor he neither, “skip and go on.” -But we feel tolerably certain you are not a smoker, or at least -a cigar-smoker or exhibiting-street-performer, for we are satisfied -that among the lovers of this now fashionable amusement -we can count but few as supporters of our little work, or of -any other of a mental or literary character—that renowned -periodical called Paddy Kelly’s Budget, if it be still in existence, -excepted. It is the practice of unidea’d men with unidea’d -faces, who puff, not whistle—as the latter is no longer a -fashionable amusement—as they go, for want of thought, and -as they think to make them look manly and genteel! Well, -heaven help their little wit! You think, reader, perhaps, as -we ourselves were till lately foolish enough to suppose, that -there must be a pleasure in this practice on its own account, -like that which madmen feel in being insane. But no such -thing. We have discovered that it is anything but an agreeable -pastime, and that it is indulged in solely from the love of -distinction, which is one of the peculiar characteristics of the -human race, and which is so strong in these cigar-smokers, that -they actually, in the spirit of martyrs, surrender both their -minds, such as they are, and their bodies also, to its influence. -Such a desire is not only natural to us, but praiseworthy: it -is only the choice of means of gratifying it that is unworthy -and even contemptible. It will bear no comparison in point -of intellectuality with that of the fashionable dandies of our -youthful days, who used to promenade the streets and public -places, playing quizzes, that is, flat circular pieces of boxwood -suspended on a string by a kind of pulley, and which they kept -in a sort of perpetual motion with one or both hands, and -sometimes even (great performers) with their mouths; their -arms see-sawing up and down, and their heads shaking like -those of the Chinese mandarins in the tea shops. This, -though perhaps a little grotesque, was a comical mode of attracting -notice and obtaining distinction. It was a healthy -folly too, and required some human intellect to practise it -adroitly. A monkey or a dog, both of whom we have seen -expert smokers, could not, we are persuaded, be taught this; -it would be beyond their intelligence; and it had a touch of -the odd, the gay, and the ridiculous about it, that seemed to -harmonize naturally with our national character—and we are -not ashamed to confess it, we were ourselves great quizzers in -our youth. But the cigar-smoking folly—it is a dull, lifeless, -stupid, silent, moping mania, wholly unbecoming an Irishman, -and inconsistent with the spirit, life, and animation that should -be characteristic of youth. Old as we are, we think of taking -to quizzing again, but we shall never fall into such a solemn -absurdity as smoking for applause. It would not suit our -temperament.</p> - -<p>But we have said that we had made the discovery that -the practice of cigar-smoking is any thing but a pleasant one -in itself, and that it is indulged in solely from ambitious motives, -and an amiable love of applause. Yes, reader, and we -shall induct you into our knowledge of the matter, by a true -and faithful narrative of the incident which enabled us to -ascertain the fact.</p> - -<p>We were lately coming along that favourite lounge of the -cigar-smokers, Sackville Street, when, arriving near Mitchell’s, -two young well-dressed, moustached, and imperialled dandies, -stept out from that intellectual emporium, each with a Havannah -in his mouth, his hands in his “Dorsay” pockets, and -looking as grave as possible, evidently impressed with the pleasing -idea that they were the admiration and envy of all passers. -They proceeded before us in solemn slinge in the direction of -the Rotunda, we following in their wake, observant yet not -observed; and before they reached Earl Street, they were met -by a mutual friend, with whom they linked, putting him between -them, to allow them the greater facility to spit out, -when the following colloquy ensued:—</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> Well, Tom, how goes the world with you? and, -Dick, my boy, how is every bit of you?</p> - -<p><i>Tom and Dick.</i> Puff—— Puff—— Well.</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> Are you long in town—eh?</p> - -<p><i>Tom and Dick.</i> Puff—— Puff—— No.</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> How did you leave them all in the country?—how -is the old fellow?</p> - -<p><i>Tom and Dick.</i> Puff—— Puff—— Puff—— Well.</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> Oh, damn ye! there’s no getting a word out of you -but a monosyllable.</p> - -<p><i>Tom and Dick.</i> Puff—— Puff—— (And then each -of them spat out.)</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> Why, Tom, you’ve become a great smoker.</p> - -<p><i>Tom.</i> Puff—— Puff—— Yaws.</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> And you too, Dick?</p> - -<p><i>Dick.</i> Puff—— Puff—— Ees. (The imperfect vocable -being squeezed out through his teeth at the left corner -of his mouth.)</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> And do you find it agree with you, Tom—is it -pleasant?</p> - -<p>Tom here, after a few puffs, slowly draws one hand out -of his pocket, and taking the cigar out of his mouth, spits -out, draws his breath, and after a minute replies:</p> - -<p>“No, <em>blast</em> it; it always makes me sick.”</p> - -<p>He then restores the cigar to his mouth and his hand to his -pocket, while his friend puts a similar interrogatory to Dick.</p> - -<p>“And does it always make you sick too?”</p> - -<p>Here Dick, having in like manner indulged in a few puffs, -takes the cigar out of his mouth, spits out at the other side, -and drawing breath and looking very pale, answers:</p> - -<p>“Infernally!”</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> In the name of heaven, then, what do you both -smoke for?</p> - -<p>This, as one would have supposed, not an unnatural query, -produced a simultaneous stare of astonishment, mingled with -contempt, from both the smokers, as much as to say, “What -an ass you must be!” and Dick, slowly removing his cigar -once more, and spitting out, answers,</p> - -<p>“Why, how the devil can you ask such a stupid question—what -do you suppose?”</p> - -<p><i>Friend.</i> Suppose! why hang me if I can guess.</p> - -<p>Here Tom took hold of his Havannah, and after spitting out -on a lady who was passing—but this was only an accident—replied -for himself and fellow puffer—— But let us pause a moment. -Guess, reader, what it was. Do you give it up? Well, -then, here it is,</p> - -<p>“Why, for the <span class="smcapuc">GAG</span>, to be sure!”</p> - -<p>This was enough for us. Our mind was enlightened by a -new idea; and leaving the gentlemen to follow their gaggery, -we hurried home to dinner, a wiser if not a better man.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">An Old Quizzer.</span></p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Not a Fable.</span>—A boy three years of age was asked who -made him? With his little hand and foot upon the floor, he -artlessly replied—“God made me a little baby, so high, and I -<em>grew the rest</em>.”—<cite>Mirror.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Public.</span>—We have a reading, a talking, and a writing -public. <em>When</em> shall we have a <em>thinking</em> public?</p> - -<p class="gap4">The mind is a field, in which, so sure as man sows not -wheat, so sure will the devil be to sow tares.—<cite>Bentham.</cite></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="gap4">THE HERRING.<br /> -<span class="smaller">CLUPEA HARENGUS.</span></h2> - -<h3>First Article.</h3> - -<p>Of all the branches of study into which natural history has -been divided, the most interesting, from its extensiveness, its -variety, and the almost insurmountable difficulties which it -presents to the student, is Ichthyology. To acquire a thorough -knowledge of zoology requires much labour, study, -travel, and considerable risk; in like manner with ornithology, -in the prosecution of which the difficulties are greater, from -the mixture of elements; but still the inhabitants of the air -have thus much in common with us, that they live in the same -atmospheric medium, derive their sustenance from the same -earth, and although the difficulties of following their motions, -and observing (unseen by them) their habits and natures, -are considerable, yet still, thanks to the extension of science, -they have not proved unconquerable, and the telescope, in -that form called the ornithoscope, has enabled man to acquire -a large store of information on this interesting subject. But -with ichthyology how widely different! Here the preliminary -obstacle which presents itself is an element fatal to the existence -of man within it, and out of which the creatures with -whose nature he would fain be acquainted cannot exist. His -very powers of observation are thus rendered useless, except -in a very limited degree. They are bounded by a glass vase, -or a small clear pond at the utmost, and confined to a few -specimens of the smaller fishes, and even then it is doubtful -whether circumstances may not have altered their really -natural habits. Yet above these obstacles the mind of man -has risen, and by the union of analogy with laborious and constant -observation, he has succeeded in classing a large -amount of the tenants of the mighty deep. But before he can -ascertain what proportion, or write the history of any one -of them fully, he must discover some substitute for gills which -will enable him to extract the necessary air for his existence -from the water, and thus enable him to search the depths of -ocean, and seek its inhabitants in their haunts. That such -may yet be discovered by the ingenuity of man, let no one -deem impossible.</p> - -<p>Amongst the fishes hitherto discovered and classed, the -herring (<i lang="la">Clupea harengus</i>) is one of the most universally -known, most generally useful, and one of the greatest boons -of an all-bounteous Providence to the inhabitants of these -countries. Abundance, the universal producer of contempt, -has caused this beautiful creature to be despised; but to the -naturalist’s eye few creatures are possessed of greater charms. -When first taken out of the water, it is of a dark-bluish and -green colour on the back, lightening down the sides to a silvery -blue, which shades to white on the belly. The scales have a -clear lustrous golden colour, which changes in various shades of -light after the manner of mother-of-pearl; they lie over one another -in regular lines, with the convex edges pointing towards -the tail. The termination of the body is remarkable for the beautiful -dark-green colour which it exhibits when held before the -light. The fins are seven in number—one dorsal, of eighteen or -nineteen rays; two ventral, of nine rays each; one anal, of -seventeen rays; two pectoral, of eighteen or nineteen rays each; -and the caudal, or tail fin, of eighteen or nineteen rays. The -eyes are placed in the middle of the sides of the head; the iris -is of a silvery white colour, and the pupil black. The spine -consists of fifty-six vertebræ. The ribs are thirty-five or six -in number on each side, and there are several minute bones -below the ribs, which terminate in soft elastic muscles at the -anal fin, and serve to give it strength and elasticity. Fifty-two -bones compose the head. The bronchiæ or gills are four -on each side, each gill being supported by an arched cartilage; -and there are two imperfect gills without the arch, which join -the gill lid, and appear to regulate its motions. The convex -side of the gills is furnished with fringed fleshy fibres, of a -strong red colour when the fish is healthy; the concave side, -which is next the mouth, is furnished with long serrated spines. -The heart is placed in a cavity near the gills, above the stomach; -it is three sided, and consists of a single auricle and ventricle. -The œsophagus, or gullet, is remarkably short in proportion to -the size of the fish; the stomach is thin, membranous, and capable -of great distension. The gut is of uniform size throughout. -The gall bladder is small, and of a dark-green colour; the -liquid is of a light claret hue, having a sweetish pungent taste. -The air bag, or <i lang="la">vesica natatoria</i>, is of a silvery white colour, -round, of nearly the length of the stomach, and pointed and -narrow at both ends; it is connected with the funnel-shaped -posterior part of the stomach by a duct. The use of the -<i lang="la">vesica natatoria</i>, or, as it is commonly called, the <em>swim</em>, is to -enable the fish, by inflating or expelling the air from it, to -rise or sink, for if the air-bag of a living fish be pierced, the -creature sinks at once to the bottom. The under jaw of the -herring projects beyond the upper. The form and consistency -of its nose proves its use for the purpose of feeling, in the -absence of the cirri or feelers possessed by other fishes. The -skin not being provided with the <i lang="la">corpus papillæ</i>, and being -besides covered with scales, it is supposed that the sensation -of touch is either very limited or wholly wanting. The herring -is provided with two nostrils; and from the perfection of -the olfactory organ, it is presumed that its sense of smell is -very acute. It has no external organs of hearing but a -fringed orifice below the eye on the inner side of that part of -the head which covers the gills. Fishermen affirm that their -sense of hearing is very acute, and state instances of their -immediately ceasing the peculiar pattering noise which they -are accustomed to make on calm evenings, if a loud sound is -made on any part of the interior of the boat.</p> - -<p>The Swedes attribute the departure of the herrings from -the neighbourhood of Gothenburg to the frequent firing of -the British ships of war which were stationed there for convoys; -and so great is the influence which fishermen have been -accustomed to attribute to sound, that we are told in Chambers’s -Picture of Scotland that the bell of St Monance in -Fife, which was suspended from a tree in the churchyard, -was removed every year during the herring season, lest the -noise should scare the fish from the coast.</p> - -<p>The mouth of the herring is furnished with a few teeth in -the upper and lower jaws, and four rows in the tongue. These -pointing inwards, enable it the more readily to secure and -swallow its slippery prey, which chiefly consists of extremely -minute animals, such as small medusæ, the <i lang="la">Oniscus marinus</i>, -and small cancri and animalcula. The herrings on the coast -of Norway sometimes feed upon a small red worm called the -Roé-aal, which renders them unfit for curing; but there is -probably no fish so indiscriminate in its food. The herring is -often caught with flies, at which it leaps readily, and frequently -with naked unbaited hooks. Mr Mitchell, in his article -on the herring in the Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, mentions -that in the stomachs of several herrings which he examined, -he found numbers of young sand-eels, and he adds a -very curious observation, namely, that in the stomachs of -such herrings as had the milt or roe small and immature, the -sand-eels were numerous; whereas in those which had the milt -or roe full grown, there were none whatsoever; but he offers -no suggestion to account for this remarkable circumstance. -They also frequently feed on their own ova and young.</p> - -<p>The herring propels itself through the water by rapidly -moving the tail from side to side, the other fins being employed -in steadying and probably aiding its movement, and it -is this rapid waving of the tail which causes the rippling or -pattering sound which announces the presence of a shoal -when swimming near the surface. On a calm night their -course may be traced by a brilliant phosphorescent light, -which illuminates the surface of the water, and is emitted -partly from the fish themselves, and partly from the minute -marine animals with which the ocean swarms.</p> - -<p>Sometimes herrings do not approach the surface, and fine -healthy shoals are often apt to swim deep; hence fishermen, -through their ignorance in trusting too much to appearances, -are frequently misled, they being apt to suppose that when -they see no gulls or large fishes of prey exhibiting their gluttonous -gambols, there are no herrings present, whilst the -finest and choicest may be at the moment in millions beneath -them; in fact, those which swim near the surface are usually -the young, the gorged, and the sickly. Mr Mitchell informs us -that several experienced masters of Dutch herring busses assured -him that the only appearances they ever sought for -were the colour of the sea, which should be a dark green, -and its consistence apparently muddy. There is an additional -fact worthy of observation, which is, that in clear dry weather -the fish keep down at the bottom, and do not ascend until the -moon rises.</p> - -<p>The migration of the herring has been long a disputed -point, and from the difficulties to which we have alluded in -the commencement of this article, of observing minutely or -accurately the movements or nature of fishes, it is likely to -remain unsettled much longer. The old and long received -opinion has been, that the winter habitation of the herring is -under the vast fields of ice which surround the North Pole<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span> -within the Arctic Circle; that they there deposit their spawn -and advance southwards with the opening year, making their -appearance off the Zetland islands about the month of April, -and coming upon the coasts of Ireland and Scotland in June. -Off Thurso they are sometimes taken as early as May, but -June, July, and August, are the months in which the fishing is -most actively commenced off the west Highlands of Scotland. -Off the east coast of Ireland, near Arklow, the fishery used -to commence in June, but latterly it has been postponed till -October. The fluctuations in the time of commencing the -herring fishery at various places, and the fact of a winter -fishery being successfully carried on in some parts—as for instance -at Killybegs, where they are taken from December till -March, and along the whole coast of Ireland south of Galway -Bay, where there are sufficient indications that the fishery -might be successfully carried on the whole year—have at -length caused the hitherto received opinion of their migration -from the Arctic Circle to be questioned, and Mr Mitchell has -given many sound arguments in refutation of it. He divides -the theories upon the subject into three:—first, that the herrings -come from the North Pole in great shoals of many -leagues in extent, dividing into lesser shoals on coming towards -the north point of Scotland; second, that they do not -come from the Arctic regions, but from a less northerly direction, -still, however, very far north of Shetland; and, -third, that they are spawned on the coasts near which they -are caught, and are consequently natives; that after spawning, -they retire out to sea, and continue so until their spawning -season comes round again, when they return to their accustomed -shore. The latter he considers to be the most reasonable -theory, and adduces in support of it the well-known fact -that the herrings at every fishing station are of a peculiar -quality uniformly the same, and always different from those -at other even very nearly adjoining stations; and so well has -this fact been established, that practical men can at once pronounce -from the size, appearance, and quality of the fish, -where it was taken. For example, the herrings taken off the -coast of Stadtland in Norway are almost twice the size of -those taken near Shetland, and these are twice the size of -those caught near Thurso, whilst the Dublin Bay herrings -have long been famous for their superior flavour, which is unmatched -by those of any other bay or harbour. Again, a -size of herrings similar to those of Yarmouth visited till -lately the coast of Lumfiord in Denmark, whilst on the Mecklenburg -coast higher up the Baltic, the herrings are one-third -larger than those of Lumfiord; and proceeding up the Baltic -above Mecklenburg to the Pomeranian and part of the Prussian -coasts, they are fully one-third <em>smaller</em>; and again still -farther up they are larger. In quality and condition they -differ as much as in size, those off the coast of Holland being -so inferior as not to be worth pickling, and the Dutch fishermen -consequently seek the coasts of Scotland and England.</p> - -<p>As to the time of appearance at the several fishing stations, -their irregularity goes far to prove their constant propinquity, -the take commencing at some of the more southern stations before -the northern ones; whereas, if they migrated regularly -from the north, it is evident that the fishing should commence -at the various stations in regular order, from the most -northern where the shoals would first make their appearance, -to the next, and so on to the most southward, which should -be deserted by them at some certain season, in order that they -might return.</p> - -<p>But there is no well-authenticated instance of those prodigious -shoals of herrings having been met with approaching -the south in any high northern latitude; and so far from their -abounding in the Arctic regions, none have been found in the -Greenland seas, nor have any been discovered in the stomachs -of the whales killed there. Egede, who resided in Greenland -for fifteen years, and compiled the natural history of it, -after enumerating the fishes, adds, “No herrings are to be -seen;” whilst on the contrary, the whales which feed principally -on herrings, frequent our own coasts. These arguments -appear to be fatal to the theory of the Arctic migration, -and to support most powerfully that of the mere retirement -of the herring to the deep. But Mr Mitchell goes farther, and -asserts, upon the evidence of the celebrated naturalists Bloch -and Lacepede, that “fishes of a similar size even in fresh -water cannot go above half a mile a-day, and that therefore -herrings could not make, even from spring to autumn, the -long voyage attributed to them.” Now, this appears to be -going too far, and we would prefer that the argument should -rest on the former grounds, excluding this, which seems to be -a weak assertion, founded upon the observation that fishes do -not proceed far from their haunts, whilst the fact is, that they -merely move about in search of food; but who that has seen -the rapid movement of a trout, or of the very fish we are treating -of, could for a moment entertain the idea of their progress -being confined to a rate that the crawling snail might equal? -Mr Mitchell himself mentions a fact that alone is sufficient -to rebut such an assertion, namely, that shortly after the -union between England and Scotland, an immense shoal of -herrings ran ashore near Cromarty, and covered the beach to -the depth of several feet; and he adds, “Strange to say, however, -the shoal left the Frith in a single night, and no shoals -made their appearance again for more than half a century.”</p> - -<p>Now, if they could make but half a mile a-day, how could -they have returned several miles in a single night? But this -argument was unnecessary, and it would be well for many -persons to know that an ill-sustained argument is not merely -a bad prop to a cause, but a wedge inserted for the advantage -of an adversary, placed ready for his use in overturning it.</p> - -<p>But the most powerful argument against the theory of -migration seems to have escaped Mr Mitchell’s observation; -it is—that the herrings do not retire to spawn, as was asserted, -but actually spawn near the fishing stations, and retire after -it. Their spawn is taken up in abundance, and the nets are -always found to contain large quantities of it, whilst the assertion -that no young herrings are found near our shores, is -altogether absurd, the contrary being the fact. The fecundated -roe has the power, after having been deposited, of -attaching itself firmly to the stones, rocks, or sea-weed, and -in about three weeks after deposition, the young fry come -forth from the eggs, and are seen in millions near the shore; -in six or seven weeks they are about three inches in length, -and arrive at maturity in about eighteen months.</p> - -<p>Lacepede tells that in North America the inhabitants carry -the herring-spawn from the spawning ground to the mouths of -rivers and other places not before frequented by the fish, and -those places become forthwith regular resorts for them; and -the same authority mentions the fact of a similar custom in -Sweden.</p> - -<p>Thus the theory of the herring being a native of the place -which it is accustomed to frequent annually, seems to be satisfactorily -established; and having thus presented our readers -with such information upon the subject of the natural history -of the herring as our space permits, we shall close this -article, reserving some account of the various modes of fishing -and methods of curing, for another paper.</p> - -<p class="right">N.</p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Sentiment.</span>—How much fine sentiment there is wasted in -our strange world! I have seen a young lady in raptures of -admiration over a flower which was to deck her hair in the -ball-room, who would turn away with a look of loathing from -the proffered kiss of her baby brother; and I have heard -lovely lips, all wreathed in smiles, and breathing tones of joy -over a pretty shell, a shining insect, or even a gay ribbon, say -cold and cruel words to the best friend, ay, the <em>mother</em>, who -was wearing her life out to promote the happiness of her ungrateful -daughter.</p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Marriage.</span>—When a man of sense comes to marry, it is a -companion whom he wants, and not an artist. It is not merely -a creature who can paint, play, dress, and dance—it is a being -who can comfort and console him.</p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Blushing.</span>—Blushing in the male sex is too frequently and -constantly regarded as a proof of guiltiness: it is a proof of -sensibility and fear of disrepute, by whatever incident called -forth; but except in so far as fear of being thought guilty is -proof, it affords no proof of the existence of the object by the -idea of which the apprehension is excited.—<cite>Bentham.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4">Pride destroys all symmetry and grace, and affectation is a -more terrible enemy to fine faces than the small pox.—<cite>Hughes.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4">At twenty years of ago the will reigns, at thirty the wit, -at forty the judgment.—<cite>Grattan.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4">Authors in France seldom speak ill of each other, unless -they have a personal pique. Authors in England seldom -speak well of each other, unless they have a personal friendship.—<cite>Pope.</cite></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Printed and published every Saturday by <span class="smcap">Gunn</span> and <span class="smcap">Cameron</span>, at the Office -of the General Advertiser, No. 6, Church Lane, College Green, Dublin.—Agents:—<span class="smcap">R. -Groombridge</span>, Panyer Alley, Paternoster Row, London; -<span class="smcap">Simms</span> and <span class="smcap">Dinham</span>, Exchange Street, Manchester; <span class="smcap">C. Davies</span>, North -John Street, Liverpool; <span class="smcap">J. Drake</span>, Birmingham; <span class="smcap">Slocombe</span> and <span class="smcap">Simms</span>, -Leeds; <span class="smcap">Fraser</span> and <span class="smcap">Crawford</span>, George Street, Edinburgh; and <span class="smcap">David -Robertson</span>, Trongate, Glasgow.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. -31, January 30, 1841, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL *** - -***** This file should be named 54722-h.htm or 54722-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/7/2/54722/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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