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diff --git a/old/55036-0.txt b/old/55036-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 4d3325a..0000000 --- a/old/55036-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3114 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Record of the Sixteenth, or, The -Bedfordshire Regiment of Foot: From Its For, by Richard Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: Historical Record of the Sixteenth, or, The Bedfordshire Regiment of Foot: From Its Formation in 1688 to 1848 - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: July 3, 2017 [EBook #55036] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEDFORDSHIRE REGIMENT *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example M^cManus or - Esq^{re}. - - Some minor changes are noted at the end of the book. - - - - -[Illustration: - - BY COMMAND OF His late Majesty WILLIAM THE IV^{TH}. - _and under the Patronage of_ - Her Majesty the Queen. - - HISTORICAL RECORDS, - _OF THE_ - British Army - - _Comprising the - History of every Regiment - IN HER MAJESTY'S SERVICE_. - - _By Richard Cannon Esq^{re}._ - - _Adjutant General's Office, Horse Guards._ - - London. - - _Printed by Authority._] - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE SIXTEENTH, - - OR, - - THE BEDFORDSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT; - - CONTAINING - - AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT - IN 1688, - - AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES - TO 1848. - - COMPILED BY - RICHARD CANNON, ESQ. - ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HORSE GUARDS. - - ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. - - LONDON: - PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, - 30 CHARING CROSS. - - M DCCC XLVIII. - - - - - LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, - FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. - - - - -SIXTEENTH REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - -CONTENTS - -OF THE - -HISTORICAL RECORD. - - - PAGE - YEAR INTRODUCTION - - 1688 Formation of the Regiment 1 - - ---- Establishment and Uniform 2 - - ---- Quartered at Stony Stratford - - - 1689 Embarked for Holland 3 - - ---- Engaged at Walcourt - - - ---- Marched to Bruges 4 - - 1690 Marched to Brussels - - - 1691 Joined the Army in South Brabant - - - 1692 Engaged at Steenkirk - - - ---- Colonel Hodges killed 5 - - 1693 Engaged at Landen - - - ---- Quartered at Dendermond - - - 1694 Joined the Army in the Field 6 - - ---- Returned to Dendermond - - - 1695 Joined in the Siege and Capture of Namur - - - 1696 Joined the Army of Brabant - - - 1697 Treaty of Peace concluded at Ryswick 7 - - ---- Embarked for Ireland - - - 1701 Preparations for recommencing War with France - - - ---- Re-embarked for Holland - - - ---- Reviewed on Breda-Heath by King William III. - - - 1702 Proceeded to Rosendael - - - ---- Encamped at Cranenburg - - - ---- Siege of Kayserswerth - - - ---- Marched to Nimeguen - - - ---- War declared against France 8 - - ---- Earl of Marlborough assumed the command of the Army - - - ---- Siege of Venloo - - - ---- -------- Ruremonde - - - ---- -------- Stevenswaert - - - ---- Capture of the Citadel of Liege - - - ---- Returned to Holland - - - 1703 Marched towards Maestricht - - - ---- Siege and Capture of Huy - - - ---- -------------------- Limburg - - - ---- Returned to Holland - - - 1704 Accompanied the Army to Germany 9 - - ---- Battle of Schellenberg - - - ---- Crossed the Danube - - - ---- Battle of Blenheim - - - ---- Marshal Tallard, and many officers and soldiers, - made prisoners - - - ---- Returned to Holland 10 - - 1705 Attacks on Helixem and Neer-Hespen -- - - 1706 Battle of Ramilies 11 - - ---- Surrender of principal towns of Brabant -- - - ---- Marched into quarters at Ghent -- - - 1708 Returned to England to repel invasion by the Pretender -- - - ---- Returned to Flanders -- - - ---- Proceeded to Ghent -- - - ---- Battle of Oudenarde -- - - ---- Siege of Lisle 12 - - ---- Surrender of the Citadel of Lisle -- - - 1709 Siege and Capture of Tournay 13 - - 1709 Battle of Malplaquet -- - - ---- Siege and Surrender of Mons 14 - - ---- Marched into winter quarters at Ghent -- - - 1710 Engaged in forcing the French Lines at Pont-à-Vendin -- - - ---- Siege and Surrender of Douay -- - - ---- ---------------------- Bethune -- - - ---- ---------------------- Aire and St. Venant -- - - ---- Returned to Ghent -- - - 1711 Engaged in forcing the French Lines at Arleux -- - - ---- Siege of Bouchain -- - - 1712 Joined the Army at Tournay 15 - - ---- Encamped at Cateau-Cambresis -- - - ---- Surrender of Quesnoy -- - - ---- Suspension of hostilities -- - - ---- Detached to Dunkirk -- - - 1714 Embarked for Scotland -- - - 1739 War declared against Spain 16 - - 1740 Encamped near Newbury under Lieutenant-General Wade 17 - - ---- Embarked as Marines -- - - ---- Re-landed at Portsmouth -- - - ---- A detachment embarked for the West Indies on - an Expedition under General Lord Cathcart -- - - 1741 Expedition arrived at Jamaica -- - - ---- Employed at Carthagena, in South America -- - - ---- Detachment nearly annihilated by disease -- - - 1742 War of the Austrian Succession commenced -- - - 1745 Arrival in Scotland of Charles Edward, eldest - son of the Pretender -- - - 1746 Regiment embarked for Scotland 18 - - 1748 Termination of the War on the Continent -- - - 1749 Embarked for Ireland -- - - 1751 Royal Warrant issued on 1st July for regulating - the Clothing, Colours, &c. of Regiments -- - - 1755 War re-commenced with France 19 - - 1763 Peace of Fontainebleau took place -- - - 1767 Embarked for Florida in South America 20 - - 1775 War commenced with North America -- - - 1778 War commenced with France, Spain, and Holland 21 - - 1779 Regiment withdrew to Baton Rouge, and made - prisoners of war by the Spanish Governor of - Louisiana -- - - ---- Engaged with French and American forces at - Savannah and the State of Georgia -- - - 1781 Defended Pensacola against a Spanish force 22 - - 1782 Returned to England from South America 23 - - ---- Authorized to assume the County Title of _Buckinghamshire_ - Regiment -- - - ---- Termination of the American War -- - - 1784 Embarked for Ireland -- - - 1790 Embarked for Nova Scotia 24 - - 1791 Removed to Jamaica -- - - 1793 Revolution broke out in France -- - - ---- Republican principles extended to the French - West India Settlements -- - - ---- Detachment embarked from Jamaica for St. Domingo -- - - 1795 Engaged in the Maroon War in Jamaica -- - - 1796 Maroons reduced to submission, and removed from Jamaica 25 - - ---- Regiment returned to England -- - - 1797 Embarked for Scotland -- - - 1799 Returned to England 26 - - 1800 Embarked for Ireland -- - - 1802 Peace of Amiens concluded -- - - 1803 War with France re-commenced -- - - 1804 Embarked for the West Indies -- - - ---- Employed on an Expedition against Surinam 27 - - 1806 Attacked by a large force of predatory Negroes at Surinam -- - - 1809 The County Title exchanged to the _Bedfordshire_ - instead of the Buckinghamshire Regiment 28 - - 1811 Returned to England -- - - 1813 Embarked for Scotland -- - - ---- Proceeded to Ireland -- - - 1814 War took place with the United States of America 29 - - ---- Embarked for Canada -- - - 1815 Returned to England, proceeded to Ostend, and - marched to Paris -- - - ---- Returned to England -- - - 1816 Embarked for Ireland 30 - - 1819 Embarked for Ceylon -- - - 1828 Embarked for Bengal 31 - - 1841 Embarked for England 32 - - 1843 Proceeded to Ireland 33 - - 1846 Six Service Companies embarked for Gibraltar 34 - - 1847 Six Service Companies embarked for Corfu -- - - 1848 Four Depôt Companies embarked from Cork for Guernsey -- - - ---- The Conclusion -- - - -PLATES. - - Costume of the Regiment to face 1 - - Colours of the Regiment " 34 - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF THE - -SIXTEENTH REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - - YEAR PAGE - - 1688 Archibald Douglas 35 - - ---- Robert Hodges 36 - - 1692 _Hon._ James Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby -- - - 1705 Francis Godfrey 37 - - 1711 Henry Durell 38 - - 1713 Hans Hamilton -- - - 1715 Richard _Viscount_ Irwin -- - - 1717 James Cholmeley 39 - - 1724 Henry Earl of Deloraine, K.B. -- - - 1730 Roger Handasyd 40 - - 1763 _Hon._ Robert Brudenell -- - - 1765 Sir William Draper, K.B. -- - - 1766 James Gisborne 41 - - 1778 James Robertson -- - - 1788 _Hon._ Thomas Bruce 42 - - 1797 Henry Bowyer -- - - 1808 Sir Charles Green, Bart. 43 - - 1814 Sir George Prevost, Bart. 44 - - 1816 Hugh Mackay Gordon 45 - - 1823 William Carr, _Viscount_ Beresford, G.C.B. and G.C.H. -- - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - - _HORSE-GUARDS_, - _1st January, 1836_. - -His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with the view of -doing the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals -who have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with -the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the -British Army shall be published under the superintendence and -direction of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall -contain the following particulars, viz.:-- - - ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of - the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time - employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations - in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any - Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, - &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. - - ---- The Names of the Officers, and the number of - Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the - Enemy, specifying the place and Date of the Action. - - ---- The Names of those Officers who, in consideration of their - Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the - Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other - Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. - - ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, - and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in - Action. - - And, - - ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been - permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges - or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honorable - - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend -upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service -are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that -any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which -alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to -incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have -preceded him in their honorable career, are among the motives that -have given rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -"London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on -the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their -orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill -and bravery; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour -of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in -future, keep a full and ample record of its services at home and -abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, being undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service -and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the -British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little -or no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which -so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services and of acts of -individual bravery can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under his -Majesty's special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk -of the Adjutant General's Office; and while the perusal of them -cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every -rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and -information to the general reader, particularly to those who may -have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or -are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment -to everything belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a -narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the -valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with -a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race -of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood "firm -as the rocks of their native shore:" and when half the world has -been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained -by our countrymen, our brothers, our fellow citizens in arms,--a -record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their -gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the -public. - -Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value -and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment -will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall -be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - -INTRODUCTION - -TO - -THE INFANTRY. - - -The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for -innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority -of the British troops over those of other countries has been -evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History contains -so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can -be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be -admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is -INTREPIDITY. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England -when their country was invaded by Julius Cæsar with a Roman army, -on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to -attack the Roman soldiers as they descended from their ships; and, -although their discipline and arms were inferior to those of their -adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated -the flower of the Roman troops, including Cæsar's favourite tenth -legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other -weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to the axles of -which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, -and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted -and fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit or retreat, -sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. -These inventions were, however, unavailing against Cæsar's -legions: in the course of time a military system, with discipline -and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being -thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full -development of the national character followed, and it shone forth -in all its native brilliancy. - -The military force of the Anglo Saxons consisted principally of -infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on -horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The -former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords -and spears; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. -They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and -javelins. - -The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted -(as already stated in the Introduction to the Cavalry) almost -entirely of horse; but when the warlike barons and knights, with -their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a proportion -of men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior -degree, they proved stout-hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When -stipendiary troops were employed, infantry always constituted a -considerable portion of the military force; and this _arme_ has -since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never -exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. - -The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns -succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, -halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour -was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice -became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, -that it was almost impossible to slay them. - -The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive -purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth -century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the -infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of -fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries; -and owing to the inconvenient construction and imperfect bore of -the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, well trained -in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable -acquisition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century. - -During a great part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth each company -of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways; in -every hundred men forty were "_men-at-arms_," and sixty "_shot_;" -the "men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle-axe men, and -thirty pikemen; and the "shot" were twenty archers, twenty -musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides -his principal weapon, a sword and dagger. - -Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 -to 300 men; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of -formation recommended by an English military writer (Sir John -Smithe) in 1590 was:--the colour in the centre of the company -guarded by the halberdiers; the pikemen in equal proportions, on -each flank of the halberdiers: half the musketeers on each flank -of the pikes; half the archers on each flank of the musketeers, -and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the -muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the -company for skirmishing.[1] It was customary to unite a number -of companies into one body, called a REGIMENT, which frequently -amounted to three thousand men: but each company continued to carry -a colour. Numerous improvements were eventually introduced in the -construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to -make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried -a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, -armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seventeenth -century: bows and arrows also fell into disuse, and the infantry -were reduced to two classes, viz.: _musketeers_, armed with -matchlock muskets, swords, and daggers; and _pikemen_, armed with -pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords. - -In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, -King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men. He -caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, -or in small wooden bandoliers, each containing a charge, to be -made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed -each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division -of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of forming four regiments -into a brigade; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to -three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his -infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen -and Austrian cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of -other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, -French, and other European states; but so great was the prejudice -in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not -adopted until near a century afterwards. - -In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-service, styled -the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually -consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light -firelocks. In this year the King added a company of men armed with -hand-grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was -designated the "grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to -fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets similar to those -at present in use were adopted about twenty years afterwards. - -An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James -II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers -(now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did -not carry pikes. - -King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the second -Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. -During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (excepting -the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 -musketeers; the captains carried pikes; lieutenants, partisans; -ensigns, half-pikes; and serjeants, halberds. After the peace in -1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on -the breaking out of the war in 1702.[2] - -During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every -infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword; the -grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand grenades; -and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour: -the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the Army in this -reign. - -About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry -ceased to carry swords; during the reign of George II. light -companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of -General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside -their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the seven -years' war. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have -been limited to the musket and bayonet. - -The arms and equipment of the British troops have seldom differed -materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European -states; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, -been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they -have had to contend; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and -superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many -and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained -over very superior numbers. - -Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have -dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves -valiant with any arms. At _Crecy_ King Edward III., at the head of -about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip -King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 -men; here British valour encountered veterans of renown:--the -King of Bohemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles -were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten -years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the -Black Prince, defeated, at _Poictiers_, with 14,000 men, a French -army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of -France, and his son Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, -1415, King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although -greatly exhausted by marches, privations, and sickness, defeated, -at _Agincourt_, the Constable of France, at the head of the flower -of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, -and gained a complete victory. - -During the seventy years' war between the United Provinces of the -Netherlands and the Spanish monarchy, which commenced in 1578 and -terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the -States-General were celebrated for their unconquerable spirit and -firmness;[3] and in the thirty years' war between the Protestant -Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British troops in the -service of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of -heroism.[4] In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British -army under the great MARLBOROUGH was spread throughout the world; -and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory -of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons -of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the -qualities which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of -the brave men, of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in -Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French -army, which had been vainly styled _Invincible_, to evacuate that -country; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous -campaigns in the Peninsula, under the immortal WELLINGTON; and -the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where -Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great -Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means -he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to -their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British -Government. These achievements, with others of recent dates in the -distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy -which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, -Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons -of the nineteenth century. - -The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular -frame,--intrepidity which no danger can appal,--unconquerable -spirit and resolution,--patience in fatigue and privation, and -cheerful obedience to his superiors. These qualities, united with -an excellent system of order and discipline to regulate and give -a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of -the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to -command, whose presence inspires confidence,--have been the leading -causes of the splendid victories gained by the British arms.[5] -The fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the -various battle-fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought -and conquered, surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory; -these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of -time. - -The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a -detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the -hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in -the various parts of the world, where the calls of their Country -and the commands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed -in the execution of their duty, whether in active continental -operations, or in maintaining colonial territories in distant and -unfavourable climes. - -The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set -forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest -commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and movements -of this _arme_, as at present practised, while they are adapted -to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations -and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the -brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and -scientific principles. Although the movements and evolutions have -been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements -have from time to time been introduced, to insure that simplicity -and celerity by which the superiority of the national military -character is maintained. The rank and influence which Great Britain -has attained among the nations of the world, have in a great -measure been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons -who have the welfare of their country at heart, the records of the -several regiments cannot fail to prove interesting. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] A company of 200 men would appear thus:-- - - __| - | | - |__| - | - 20 20 20 30 2|0 30 20 20 20 - Harquebuses. Muskets. Halberds. Muskets. Harquebuses. - Archers. Pikes. Pikes. Archers. - -The musket carried a ball which weighed 1/10th of a pound; and the -harquebus a ball which weighed 1/25th of a pound. - -[2] The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps -in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign -of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under -Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and -in its subsequent defence in 1704; they were afterwards employed at -the siege of Barcelona in 1705. - -[3] The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed -in 1590, observes:--"I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation -would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the -field, let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the -Spanish infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. -For instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during -the Seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third -Foot, or Buffs. - -[4] Vide the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of -Foot. - -[5] "Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes -the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in -Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but -His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed -on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a -strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which -has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and -has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national -military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under -circumstances of peculiar difficulty."--_General Orders in 1801._ - -In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope -(afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the -successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, -1809, it is stated:--"On no occasion has the undaunted valour of -British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a -severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority -which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired -the efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be -encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the -troops themselves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever -advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is -inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows -not how to yield,--that no circumstances can appal,--and that will -ensure victory, when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any -human means." - - -[Illustration: SIXTEENTH REGIMENT OF FOOT. - -FOR CANNON'S MILITARY RECORDS - -_Madeley del et lith 3 Wellington S^t Strand_] - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF - -THE SIXTEENTH, - -OR THE - -BEDFORDSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - -[Sidenote: 1688] - -In the autumn of 1688, when the pernicious counsellors of King -James II. had induced His Majesty to adopt measures which indicated -a design to overthrow the constitution and established religion -of the country, and many patriotic noblemen and gentlemen had -solicited the Prince of Orange to come to England with an army, to -preserve the liberties and religion of the people, the King then -became sensible of the dangerous position into which he had been -brought, and resolved to augment his army: and among the corps -embodied on that occasion was a regiment of pikemen and musketeers, -which has been retained in the service to the present time, and now -bears the title of "The SIXTEENTH, or the BEDFORDSHIRE Regiment of -Foot." - -This corps was raised in the southern counties of England, and the -colonelcy was conferred on Lieut.-Colonel Archibald Douglas, from -the royal regiment of foot, by commission dated the 9th of October, -1688. Captain Robert Hodges, from the grenadier company of the -royal regiment, was appointed Lieut.-Colonel, and Murdock M'Kenzie -was nominated Major. The establishment was fixed at nine hundred -and twenty-seven officers and soldiers, including a grenadier -company, which was afterwards ordered to be added to the regiment. -The uniform was round hats, ornamented with _white_ ribands; _red_ -coats, lined and faced with _white_; white waistcoats and breeches. - -Five days after the warrants for the formation of the regiment were -issued, a number of men had enrolled themselves under the standards -of this corps,--principally from the county of Middlesex; and they -were ordered to march to Reading in Berkshire, where the several -enlisting parties were directed to assemble, and the formation of -the corps was completed. - -Early in November, when the armament under the Prince of Orange -had passed Dover, the regiment was ordered to march to London, and -occupy quarters in the borough of Southwark; it was afterwards -directed to join the army: but the pernicious advice of the King's -counsellors proved fatal to his interests; his soldiers refused -to fight against the Prince of Orange; and some irregular orders -were issued which appeared to leave the officers and men at liberty -to quit their colours, when a number of corps were disbanded. -The Prince of Orange issued orders for the several corps to be -re-organised, and appointed quarters for every regiment;--the -SIXTEENTH were directed to occupy quarters at Stony Stratford, in -Buckinghamshire. King James afterwards fled to France. - -Colonel Douglas adhered to the interest of King James, and the -Prince of Orange promoted Lieut.-Colonel Hodges to the colonelcy of -the regiment, by commission dated the 31st of December, 1688. - -[Sidenote: 1689] - -In the early part of 1689 the Prince and Princess of Orange were -elevated to the throne by the titles of King William the Third and -Queen Mary; and soon afterwards the SIXTEENTH regiment received -orders to proceed to Holland, to aid the Dutch in their war with -France. It embarked for the United Provinces in April, and served -the campaign of that year under Prince Waldeck; in August it was in -position in the province of Namur. - -Early on the morning of the 25th of August, the musketeers of the -regiment, with the piquets of several other corps, commanded by -Colonel Hodges of the SIXTEENTH, advanced to cover the numerous -foraging parties sent to the villages and fields in front of the -army, and Colonel Hodges posted his men at, and in front of, the -village of Forgé. About nine o'clock the French army under Marshal -d'Humières was seen advancing to attack the confederate forces, -when three guns were fired to call in the foragers, and Colonel -Hodges prepared to resist the leading corps of the enemy to give -time for the several parties to withdraw. The Dutch and Danish -horse in front were speedily driven in; but the musketeers of the -SIXTEENTH and other corps under Colonel Hodges lined the hedges, -and held a force of very superior numbers in check nearly two -hours, when, the foraging parties having all returned to camp, -Colonel Hodges withdrew to a mill, and, posting his men behind -walls and out-buildings, he held the French army in check nearly an -hour, the shots of his marksmen smiting the leading companies of -the enemy with sure aim. At length he received orders to retire, -and withdrew fighting, until he came to the village of _Walcourt_, -where a regiment of Lunenburgers was posted. The French attempted -to carry the village by storm; but were repulsed, and were -eventually forced to retreat, with severe loss. Colonel Hodges' -party had Lieut.-Colonel Graham, Captain Davison, and thirty men, -killed. - -In October the regiment marched to Bruges, where it was stationed -during the winter. - -[Sidenote: 1690] - -The regiment marched for Brussels in June, 1690, in order to join -the Dutch forces; but Prince Waldeck engaged the French at Fleurus, -without waiting for the arrival of the British troops, and his army -was nearly annihilated; which reduced the confederate forces to the -necessity of limiting their services to defensive operations during -the remainder of the campaign. - -[Sidenote: 1691] - -Leaving its winter quarters in March, 1691, the regiment joined the -army in South Brabant, and was formed in brigade with the Scots -foot guards, a battalion of the royals, and the Scots regiments -of Ramsay, Angus, and Mackay; but the confederate army was not -sufficiently numerous to prevent the French capturing Mons. During -the summer the regiment took part in various manœuvres; but no -general engagement occurred. - -[Sidenote: 1692] - -In the spring of 1692, when the French besieged Namur, the -SIXTEENTH were called from their winter quarters, and joined the -army under the command of King William III., who advanced to -relieve the besieged fortress, but was delayed by heavy rains, and -the garrison surrendered before the end of June. - -After several movements King William resolved to attack the French -army, under Marshal Luxemburg, at its camp at _Steenkirk_, on the -3rd of August. The leading corps penetrated along difficult roads, -and attacked the French army with great gallantry; but the main -body of the confederate troops was too far in the rear to afford -timely support, and the King ordered a retreat. The SIXTEENTH were -brought into action on this occasion, and exposed to the enemy's -fire, when Colonel Hodges was killed at the head of the regiment by -a cannon-ball: his death was much regretted, he being a gallant and -intelligent officer, much esteemed and beloved by the soldiers. - -King William conferred the colonelcy of the regiment on the -Honorable James Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby, from Captain and -Lieut.-Colonel in the first foot guards. - -Towards the end of August the regiment was detached, with other -troops, under Lieut.-General Talmash, who moved towards Bruges: -at the same time Furnes and Dixmude were taken possession of and -fortified. - -[Sidenote: 1693] - -The regiment served the campaign of 1693 in the brigade commanded -by Brigadier-General Erle. It took part in several movements, and -was in position when the confederate army was attacked at _Landen_, -on the 29th of July, by the French, under Marshal Luxemburg. The -enemy had a great superiority of numbers on this occasion, and the -confederate army was forced to retreat. It was stated in the London -Gazette, "the enemy had above eighty thousand effective men; we -were not more than forty-five thousand. * * * Our troops in general -behaved themselves extremely well, but the English did particularly -distinguish themselves." The regiment had Captain Cole and Ensign -Johnston killed, and Ensign Campion taken prisoner; it also lost -upwards of fifty men, killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. - -At the end of the campaign the regiment was placed in garrison at -Dendermond. - -[Sidenote: 1694] - -Quitting its winter quarters in May, 1694, the regiment joined the -army, and served the campaign of this year in the brigade commanded -by Brigadier-General Collier: it afterwards returned to Dendermond. - -[Sidenote: 1695] - -In 1695 King William undertook the siege of _Namur_, and the -SIXTEENTH had the honor to take part in the capture of this -important fortress. They joined the besieging army, and were on -duty in the trenches on the 7th of July; and they were repeatedly -engaged in storming the outworks and exterior defences. On the 17th -of July Ensign Gardiner of the regiment was killed, and Ensign -Devreux wounded, at the attack on the counterscarp; and on the 2nd -of August, Captain Holiday of the grenadier company was wounded at -the extending of the lodgment on the covered way. On the following -day, when preparations were making for another assault, the -garrison hoisted a white flag and agreed to surrender the town. - -The SIXTEENTH were selected to take part in the siege of the castle -of Namur, and were encamped at Maison Blanche; but, having lost -many men, they were relieved on the 11th of August, and joined the -covering army under the Prince of Vaudemont. They were encamped a -short time between Genappe and Waterloo; afterwards near Namur; -and the grenadier company took part in the attack on the castle, -which capitulated on the 2nd of September. The regiment afterwards -returned to Dendermond. - -[Sidenote: 1696] - -[Sidenote: 1697] - -Leaving its winter quarters in the spring of 1696, the regiment -joined the army of Brabant under King William, and served -the campaign of that year in Brigadier-General Fitzpatrick's -brigade. It served the campaign of 1697 in the brigade under -Brigadier-General Ingoldsby; and in the autumn the British monarch -witnessed his efforts to preserve the reformed religion, and the -balance of power in Europe, attended with success. The treaty of -Ryswick gave peace to the nations of Europe; and the SIXTEENTH -regiment embarked for Ireland, where it was stationed until the -summer of 1701, reposing on the reputation which it had acquired on -the continent, where it had served seven campaigns. - -[Sidenote: 1701] - -In the meantime the French monarch had violated the liberties -of Europe, by procuring the accession of his grandson, the Duke -of Anjou, to the throne of Spain,--by seizing on the Spanish -Netherlands and detaining the Dutch garrisons in the barrier towns: -and the SIXTEENTH were called from their quarters in Ireland to -reinforce the Dutch army. The regiment embarked from Carrickfergus -on the 7th of June, and sailed to the island of Voorn, where it -was removed on board of Dutch vessels, and proceeded up the Maese -to the fortress of Huesden, where it remained two months, then -proceeded to Breda, and was reviewed on Breda heath by King William -on the 21st of September, afterwards returning to Huesden. - -[Sidenote: 1702] - -In March, 1702, the regiment traversed the country to Rosendael, -where the British corps were assembled under Brigadier-General -Ingoldsby, and received information of the death of King William, -and the accession of Queen Anne, on the 8th of March. The regiment -afterwards marched across the country to the duchy of Cleves, and -encamped at Cranenburg, forming part of the covering army during -the siege of _Kayserswerth_ by the Germans. On the night of the -10th of June the covering army made a forced march to _Nimeguen_ to -avoid the loss of communication with that fortress, in consequence -of the movements of the enemy. On the following morning the -British corps in the rear-guard distinguished themselves in a sharp -skirmish with the leading columns of the French army. - -Queen Anne declared war against France; additional troops were -sent to Holland, and the Earl of Marlborough assumed the command -of the allied army. The SIXTEENTH shared in the operations by -which the French army was forced to retire from the frontiers of -Holland; and they formed part of the covering army during the -sieges of _Venloo_, _Ruremonde_, and _Stevenswaert_; took part in -delivering the city of _Liege_ from the power of the enemy; and -their grenadier company distinguished itself in the capture of the -citadel by storm on the 23rd of October. The regiment afterwards -marched back to Holland for winter quarters. - -[Sidenote: 1703] - -Towards the end of April, 1703, the regiment commenced its march -towards Maestricht, and was in position near that city when the -French army approached in order of battle, but did not venture to -hazard a general engagement. The regiment shared in the operations -by which the French were afterwards forced to make a precipitate -retreat and take post behind their fortified lines. The services -of the regiment were also connected with the siege and capture of -the fortress of _Huy_, on the Maese river, above the city of Liege; -and with the siege of the city of _Limburg_, situate on a pleasant -eminence among woods near the banks of the Wesdet, which place -surrendered on the 28th of September. After these conquests the -SIXTEENTH returned to Holland. - -[Sidenote: 1704] - -During the winter six hundred men of the regiment joined the -garrison of Maestricht, while the Dutch soldiers were working at -the entrenchments on the heights of Petersberg: in May, 1704, the -remainder of the regiment marched towards the Rhine, and was -joined at Bedburg by the detachment from Maestricht. - -The Duke of Marlborough led his army from Holland to the heart of -Germany, and, there encountering the legions of France and Bavaria, -he gained two important victories on the banks of the Danube, -and exalted the reputation of the British arms. The SIXTEENTH -had the honor to share in this splendid enterprise, and to take -a distinguished part in gaining the victory at _Schellenberg_ -on the 2nd of July, when the regiment had Major Mordaunt, -Ensign Charleston, one serjeant, and nineteen soldiers killed; -Lieut.-Colonel Hamilton, Captain Coghlan, Ensign Key, one serjeant, -and thirty-four rank and file wounded. - -After this victory the regiment crossed the Danube and marched to -the vicinity of the enemy's fortified camp at Augsburg, which was -found too strong to be attacked, and the army retired a few stages, -the Germans commencing the siege of Ingoldstadt. The enemy, being -reinforced from France, took up a position in the valley of the -Danube, near the village of _Blenheim_, which was occupied by a -considerable body of troops; and on the memorable 13th of August -a general engagement took place, in which the English general was -once more victorious; the French and Bavarian army sustaining a -decisive overthrow, with the loss of its artillery and baggage, and -many entire regiments being made prisoners; the French commander, -Marshal Tallard, being among the captives. The SIXTEENTH regiment -was one of the corps which sustained the brunt of the battle on -this occasion, and acquired great honor. The loss of the regiment -was very great: Captain Coghlan, Lieutenant Brown, Ensigns Sabine -and Hesketh, were among the killed; and Lieut.-Colonel Hamilton, -Captains Hesketh, Fleming, Lee, and Horne, Lieutenants Vicariage, -Jackson, Ayloffe, and Reddish, Ensigns Mackrich, Hook, and Gordon, -wounded. - -From the banks of the Danube the regiment traversed the country to -Philipsburg, where it crossed the Rhine, and formed part of the -covering army encamped at Croon-Weissemberg, during the siege of -_Landau_ by the Germans. In the autumn the regiment embarked in -boats on the Rhine, and sailed to Holland. - -[Sidenote: 1705] - -The losses of the preceding campaigns were replaced in the spring -of 1705 by recruits from England, and, when the regiment took the -field to serve the campaign of 1705, its appearance and efficiency -were admired. It was employed in the expedition up the Moselle, -and, passing the Moselle and the Saar rivers on the 3rd of June, -advanced towards Syrk; but the designs of the British commander -were frustrated by the tardy movements of the Germans, and he -marched back to the Netherlands. - -In May of this year the Earl of Derby retired from the service, and -was succeeded in the colonelcy by Lieut.-Colonel Francis Godfrey, -from the foot-guards. - -A stupendous barrier of fortified lines, forts, and batteries -opposed the progress of the British commander; but by skilful -movements these works were passed at the slenderly-guarded posts of -_Helixem_ and _Neer-Hespen_ on the 18th of July. On this occasion -the SIXTEENTH formed part of Brigadier-General Fergusson's brigade -in the main body of the army, and did not sustain any loss. It -shared in the subsequent operations of the campaign, and passed the -winter in garrison in Holland. - -[Sidenote: 1706] - -The SIXTEENTH had the honor to take part in the battle of -_Ramilies_, on the 23rd of May, 1706, when the French, Spanish, -and Bavarian forces, commanded by Marshal Villeroy and the Elector -of Bavaria, were forced from their formidable position with severe -loss, and pursued many miles. - -Important results followed this triumph over the forces of Louis -XIV.; the states of Brabant and magistrates of Brussels renounced -their allegiance to the Duke of Anjou; the principal towns of -Brabant and several fortified places in Flanders were immediately -delivered up, and others surrendered after short sieges. Thus -provinces disputed for ages, and towns which had resisted powerful -armies for months and years, were conquered in one campaign. After -taking part in these splendid achievements, the SIXTEENTH marched -into quarters at Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1707] - -The regiment was in the field during the campaign of 1707; but the -French avoided an engagement, and nothing of importance occurred. - -[Sidenote: 1708] - -In the spring of 1708 the King of France fitted out a fleet, -and prepared a land force for the invasion of Great Britain in -favour of the Pretender, and the SIXTEENTH were ordered to return -to England to repel the invaders: they arrived at Tynemouth on -the 21st of March; but the French fleet having been chased from -the British coast by the English navy, the regiment returned to -Flanders. - -After remaining a few weeks at Ghent, the regiment joined the army -in the field, and took part in achieving another victory over -the armies of Louis XIV., in the fields near _Oudenarde_, on the -11th of July. The SIXTEENTH formed part of a division of twenty -battalions commanded by the Duke of Argyle, which traversed the -Scheldt by the pontoon bridge between Oudenarde and the abbey of -Eename, ascended the heights of Bevere, and, inclining to the -right, engaged the enemy in the open grounds beyond the rivulet; -when a fierce conflict of musketry ensued, and the French were -driven from field to field, with great slaughter, until the -darkness of the night rendered it impossible to distinguish friends -from foes, when the troops were directed to cease firing. The wreck -of the French army made a precipitate retreat. - -The siege of the important fortress of _Lisle_ was afterwards -undertaken, and the SIXTEENTH were selected to take part in this -gigantic enterprise, which excited universal attention throughout -Europe; the strength of the place,--the garrison consisting of -fifteen thousand men under the celebrated Marshal Boufflers, -and being provided with everything necessary for a protracted -defence,--gave an interesting character to this undertaking. - -When the besieging army appeared before Lisle, the French -out-guards retired, and _Serjeant Littler_ of the SIXTEENTH -regiment swam across the river with a hatchet, and cut the -fastenings which held up a drawbridge to enable a party to pass -the stream, for which act of gallantry he was rewarded with a -commission in the third foot, or the Buffs. - -The SIXTEENTH regiment took its turn of duty in the trenches and -shared in the attacks during the siege of Lisle, evincing, on all -occasions, the same heroic gallantry for which it had previously -been distinguished. It had one serjeant and eleven rank and file -killed, and four serjeants and fifty rank and file wounded, at -the storming of the counterscarp; and sustained severe loss on -several other occasions. Numerous difficulties had to be overcome -in carrying on this siege; but the skill, valour, and perseverance -of the officers and soldiers of the allied army, overcame every -obstacle, and on the 9th of December the citadel surrendered. - -[Sidenote: 1709] - -After reposing a few weeks in quarters, and receiving a draft of -recruits from England, the regiment advanced up the country, and -was encamped with the army on the Upper Dyle; it was subsequently -employed in covering the siege of _Tournay_, and after the -surrender of the town, on the 29th of July, 1708, the SIXTEENTH -were selected to take part in the siege of the citadel. This -proved a difficult service, in consequence of the extensive -subterraneous works by which the fortress was surrounded. The -approaches were carried on underground, and the working parties -frequently penetrated the subterraneous labyrinths of the castle, -and, encountering detachments of the enemy, fought underground -with sword, pistol, and bayonet. Several parties were destroyed -by the mines; but the works were persevered in, and the garrison -surrendered in the beginning of September. - -After the capture of Tournay the army marched towards Mons; but -finding a numerous French force, under Marshals Villars and -Boufflers, in position at _Malplaquet_, the enemy was attacked in -his fortified post on the morning of the 11th of September, and the -SIXTEENTH had the honor to contribute to the gaining of another -victory over the armies of France. On this occasion, the regiment -was formed in brigade with the Buffs and the regiments of Temple -and Evans (afterwards disbanded), and was engaged in the attack of -the woods in which the enemy's left wing was posted, and in its -advance it encountered entrenchments and breastworks bristling with -bayonets, and emitting a storm of musket-shot and cannon-balls, -which thinned the British ranks. The leading corps were repulsed; -but, fresh troops arriving, a general attack was made with so much -resolution that the French were driven from their entrenchments -into the wood, where a sharp fire of musketry was kept up, and the -SIXTEENTH were engaged among the trees. Finally the French were -overpowered at every part of the field, and forced to retreat. - -The regiment had about fifty men killed and wounded; and Captain -Ayloffe, Lieutenants Macrath, Whiting, and Lawder wounded. It was -afterwards employed in covering the siege of _Mons_, and passed the -winter in quarters at Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1710] - -Having received another draft of recruits, the regiment marched -in April, 1710, to the vicinity of Tournay, where the army was -directed to assemble; its services were connected with the forcing -of the enemy's fortified lines at _Pont-à-Vendin_; it also -formed part of the covering army during the siege of _Douay_, -which fortress surrendered on the 27th of June. The regiment was -afterwards employed in covering the siege of _Bethune_, and this -fortress was captured before the end of August. The French army -avoiding a general engagement, the fortresses of _Aire_ and _St. -Venant_ were besieged at the same time, and after the capture of -these towns, the regiment returned to Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1711] - -Brigadier-General Godfrey withdrew from the service, and was -succeeded in the colonelcy of the regiment by Brigadier-General -Henry Durell, from the foot guards, by commission dated the 17th of -February, 1711. - -In the campaign of this year the regiment shared in the operations -by which the boasted impregnable lines, prepared by the French to -arrest the progress of the allied armies, were passed at _Arleux_, -on the 5th of August, and it was subsequently engaged in the siege -of the strong fortress of _Bouchain_,--services which called forth -all the powers of the active mind of the Duke of Marlborough, who -proved himself superior to the French generals in all the qualities -which constitute a great commander. Bouchain having been captured, -the regiment was placed in garrison for the winter. - -[Sidenote: 1712] - -Once more taking the field in April, 1712, the regiment joined -the army near Tournay, from whence it marched to the vicinity of -Bouchain, and was encamped at Cateau-Cambresis during the siege of -_Quesnoy_ by the Germans; it brought six hundred and eighty-one -rank and file into the field. The garrison of _Quesnoy_ surrendered -on the 4th of July; and soon afterwards a suspension of arms was -proclaimed preparatory to a treaty of peace, and the British troops -withdrew to the vicinity of Ghent, from whence the SIXTEENTH were -detached to Dunkirk, which city the French monarch delivered into -the hands of the British, as a pledge of his sincerity in the -negotiations for peace. - -[Sidenote: 1713] - -On the 1st of December, 1712, Brigadier-General Durell died, -and Queen Anne conferred the colonelcy of the regiment on -Brigadier-General Hans Hamilton, from the thirty-fourth regiment, -by commission dated the 23rd of June, 1713. - -[Sidenote: 1714] - -The regiment was stationed at Dunkirk until April, 1714, when -it embarked for Scotland, and, landing at Leith, relieved the -twenty-fifth regiment, which was ordered to embark for Ireland. The -SIXTEENTH were stationed at Stirling in September, 1714, with the -Inniskilling dragoons, when the arrival in London of King George I. -from Hanover, was celebrated with public rejoicings. - -[Sidenote: 1715] - -In the summer of 1715 the colonelcy of the regiment was conferred -on the Lieut.-Colonel, Richard Viscount Irving, in succession to -Brigadier-General Hamilton. - -[Sidenote: 1716] - -A rebellion in favour of the Pretender broke out in Scotland in -the autumn of this year, and the Earl of Mar headed the insurgent -clans; but the SIXTEENTH did not take the field: the protection -of Fort William was entrusted to their charge; and they were -in garrison at this place in the early part of 1716, when the -rebellion was suppressed by the troops under the Duke of Argyle. - -[Sidenote: 1717] - -[Sidenote: 1724] - -In December, 1717, Viscount Irving was removed to the second horse, -now first dragoon guards, and was succeeded by Lieut.-Colonel John -Cholmeley; and this officer dying in April, 1724, King George I. -conferred the colonelcy on Henry Earl of Deloraine (son of James -Duke of Monmouth), from the Scots troop of horse-grenadier-guards. - -[Sidenote: 1725] - -[Sidenote: 1727] - -The regiment was employed on home service in Great Britain during -the whole of the reign of King George I.; it was one of the corps -selected to proceed to Holland in 1727, to assist the Dutch in -their war with the Imperialists; but no embarkation took place. - -[Sidenote: 1730] - -On the 9th of July, 1730, the Earl of Deloraine was removed to -the seventh horse, now sixth dragoon-guards, and the colonelcy of -the regiment was conferred by King George II. on Colonel Roger -Handasyd, from the twenty-second regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1737] - -In 1737 the British merchants complained of the depredations -committed on their vessels by the Spaniards in South America. A -Convention was entered into between the two Crowns, which was, -however, violated by the Spaniards in many instances. - -[Sidenote: 1739] - -On the 23rd of October, 1739, a declaration of war against Spain -was proclaimed, when the establishment of the regiment was -augmented. - -[Sidenote: 1740] - -In the summer of 1740 the regiment pitched its tents near Newbury, -where an encampment was formed of two regiments of horse, three -of dragoons, and four of infantry, under Lieut.-General Wade. The -SIXTEENTH left the camp and embarked on board the fleet, where -they served as Marines a short time, and afterwards landed at -Portsmouth. In the autumn they furnished a detachment to accompany -the expedition to the West Indies, under General Lord Cathcart, who -died on the passage. - -[Sidenote: 1741] - -The expedition arrived at Jamaica in January, 1741, and the -detachment of the SIXTEENTH was employed in the attempt on -_Carthagena_, the capital of an extensive and wealthy province -in the country of Terra Firma, in South America. The violent -periodical rains occurred before the conquest was achieved, and -the armament proved of insufficient strength to capture the place; -the country became deluged with water, the health of the soldiers -was seriously impaired, and the enterprise was abandoned. The -detachment of the SIXTEENTH was nearly annihilated by disease. - -[Sidenote: 1742] - -In this year the war of the Austrian succession commenced; and in -1742 a British army proceeded to Flanders to support the interests -of the Archduchess, Maria Theresa; but the SIXTEENTH were employed -on home service. - -[Sidenote: 1745] - -Charles Edward, eldest son of the Pretender, arrived in Scotland -in the summer of 1745, and being joined by a number of the -Highland clans, he made a desperate effort to overthrow the -existing government, and to procure the accession of his father -to the throne. At first some partial successes were gained by the -insurgents; but the British nation evinced firmness and decision -in supporting the rights of their sovereign, and in preserving -the constitutional privileges of the people. The services of the -regiment were, at this period, limited to the south of England, -where a body of troops was held in readiness to repel a menaced -invasion by the French. - -[Sidenote: 1746] - -In January, 1746, the royal troops, under Lieut.-General Hawley, -were defeated by the Clans, on Falkirk moor, and additional forces -were ordered to proceed to Scotland. In March the SIXTEENTH -regiment embarked from Gravesend, with several other corps, for -Edinburgh, and arrived at Leith as the guns of Edinburgh castle -were firing for the decisive victory gained over the clans at -Culloden. The regiment waited a few days on board the transports, -until the return of an express from the army, when it received -orders to sail northwards, and landed at the royal burgh of Nairn -on the 1st of May. It was subsequently stationed at Elgin, &c. - -[Sidenote: 1747] - -The regiment remained in Scotland, and in the summer of 1747 it -was encamped in a valley environed by lofty mountains, near Fort -Augustus. - -[Sidenote: 1748] - -[Sidenote: 1749] - -The war on the Continent terminated in 1748; and in the -following year the regiment was reduced in numbers to the peace -establishment, and sent to Ireland, where it was stationed nearly -twenty years. - -[Sidenote: 1751] - -On the 1st of July, 1751, King George II. issued a warrant for -establishing uniformity in the clothing, standards, and colours -of the several regiments of the regular army; and in this warrant -the uniform of the SIXTEENTH, or Lieut.-General Roger Handasyd's -regiment, was directed to be red, faced with _yellow_.[6] The -first, or the King's colour, to be the great Union: the second, -or regimental colour, to be of yellow silk, with the Union in -the upper canton; in the centre of the colours, the rank of the -regiment, in gold Roman characters, within a wreath of roses and -thistles on the same stalk. - -At this period the soldiers of the regiment wore three-cornered -cocked hats, bound with white lace, and ornamented with a white -loop and a black cockade; red waistcoats; red breeches; white -gaiters reaching above the knee, and fastened below the knee with a -black garter; and white cravats; they also wore buff cross-belts. - -[Sidenote: 1755] - -[Sidenote: 1756] - -[Sidenote: 1757] - -[Sidenote: 1758] - -[Sidenote: 1760] - -The undetermined extent of the British territory in North America -gave rise to hostilities with France in 1755, and the establishment -of the army was considerably augmented in that and the two -following years. Several expeditions were also fitted out; but the -SIXTEENTH regiment was detained on home service in Ireland. In 1760 -a plan was formed for attacking the French island of Belleisle, and -the SIXTEENTH, mustering seven hundred men, under Lieut.-Colonel -Gabbet, embarked on board of the fleet; but the enterprise was -laid aside in consequence of the death of King George II., and the -regiment returned to Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1762] - -On the termination of the war in 1762, the regiment was again -reduced to the peace establishment. - -[Sidenote: 1763] - -General Roger Handasyd died in January, 1763, and in June King -George III. conferred the colonelcy of the regiment on the -Honorable Robert Brudenell, third son of George Earl of Cardigan, -from captain and lieut.-colonel in the third foot guards. - -[Sidenote: 1765] - -In 1765 Colonel Brudenell was removed to the Fourth regiment of -foot, and was succeeded in the colonelcy of the SIXTEENTH, by -Colonel William Draper, who had commanded one of the regiments -raised in 1757, and numbered the Seventy-ninth regiment, which was -disbanded in 1763. - -[Sidenote: 1766] - -Colonel Draper was honoured with the dignity of a Knight of the -Bath, and in 1766 he exchanged to the colonelcy of one of the corps -disbanded in 1763 (the 121st regiment) with Colonel James Gisborne, -who was performing the duty of Quartermaster-General in Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1767] - -The regiment embarked from Ireland in 1767, for North America, and -was stationed in the pleasant and fertile territory of Florida, -which had been ceded to Great Britain, by the Spaniards, in 1763, -in exchange for the Havannah. - -[Sidenote: 1768] - -The head-quarters were established at Pensacola,--a town of West -Florida, situate at the head of a delightful bay, or basin, in the -Gulf of Mexico; and the regiment furnished various detachments to -occupy military stations in East and West Florida. - -[Sidenote: 1775] - -[Sidenote: 1776] - -[Sidenote: 1777] - -In these pleasant and healthy quarters the regiment was stationed -when a number of the British colonies in North America revolted, -and declared themselves a free and independent people, under the -title of the United States. This occurred in 1775, and in the -following year the SIXTEENTH were withdrawn from Florida, to join -the army at New York, under Lieut.-General Sir William Howe; but -the necessity of having a small force in the ceded Spanish province -was evident, and the SIXTEENTH having, during their residence of -eight years in East and West Florida, acquired the confidence of -the inhabitants and a knowledge of the country, and of the habits -and language of the people, the regiment received orders to return -to Pensacola, and other stations in East and West Florida, and on -the confines of Georgia. - -[Sidenote: 1778] - -Lieut.-General Gisborne died on the 20th of February, 1778, and -King George III. conferred the colonelcy on Major-General James -Robertson, from Colonel Commandant of the second battalion of the -Sixtieth, who had previously performed the duties of Lieut.-Colonel -of the SIXTEENTH regiment, many years, with reputation. - -[Sidenote: 1778] - -[Sidenote: 1779] - -Had the British revolted provinces been left unaided by European -states, they would, doubtless, have been reduced to submission; -but in 1778 the French monarch sent a numerous fleet and an army -to their assistance; and in 1779 the court of Spain commenced -hostilities against Great Britain, and this example was followed by -the Dutch. - -Don Bernard de Galvez, governor of the Spanish province of -Louisiana, assembled a numerous force, and suddenly invaded -the British territories on the banks of the Mississippi; and -Lieut.-Colonel Dickson, of the SIXTEENTH, who commanded the -troops in that district, being unable to oppose the invading -army, withdrew to _Baton Rouge_, where he caused a redoubt to be -constructed, which was scarcely completed when the Spanish army -advanced in force against this post, which was invested on the -12th of September. On the 21st the enemy opened a battery of heavy -cannon against the works, which were so much damaged in a few -hours, that Colonel Dickson was obliged to surrender. The garrison, -consisting of a detachment of the SIXTEENTH, Sixtieth, and of the -Waldeck regiments, was sent prisoners of war to New Orleans, and -afterwards exchanged. - -The French armament, under the Comte d'Estaing, approached the -city and port of _Savannah_ in Chatham county, in the state of -Georgia, early in September, and a detachment of the SIXTEENTH -regiment, commanded by Major Graham, formed part of the force under -Major-General Prevost, which defended that place. The French troops -landed, and were joined by an American force under General Lincoln; -but they encountered a resistance which proved the determined -valour of the garrison. A detachment from the SIXTEENTH was engaged -in a sally on the 24th of September, under Major Graham of the -regiment, and this service was performed with judgment and bravery. -"Major Graham artfully drew the enemy into a snare, by which the -French and Americans fired on each other, and had fifty men killed -before the mistake was discovered."[7] Before daylight on the 9th -of October, the French and Americans made a desperate effort to -capture the place by storm; but were repulsed at every point with -severe loss. They afterwards raised the siege and retired. - -[Sidenote: 1781] - -In 1781 the Spaniards sent a numerous sea and land force against -Florida, under Don Bernard de Galvez, and the invading army -commenced operations by an attack upon the works defending -_Pensacola_, where a detachment of the SIXTEENTH regiment was -stationed. From the strength of the Spanish force, mustering nine -thousand men, and a numerous fleet, at the same time the British -garrison only amounted to twelve hundred men, the reduction of the -place appeared inevitable; yet a gallant defence was made, and the -soldiers displayed that innate bravery and resolution for which -British troops have always been distinguished. On the morning of -the 8th of May a shell burst near the door of the magazine of the -advanced redoubt, set fire to the powder, and the redoubt and its -garrison were destroyed by the explosion, excepting a few men, -who were forced to retire, after spiking the guns. The Spaniards -carried the redoubt, and threatened to storm the remaining works; -but were intimidated by the determined bearing of the garrison. The -British commander, Major-General John Campbell, afterwards agreed -to surrender, on condition that the garrison should march out -with the honours of war, and be sent to a part belonging to Great -Britain, but not serve against the Spaniards, or their allies, -until exchanged. The SIXTEENTH had Lieutenant Edward Carroll and -seven soldiers killed; Captain Anthony Foster and five soldiers -wounded. Pensacola was a flourishing place while under the British; -but it declined after it was taken by the Spaniards. - -[Sidenote: 1782] - -The regiment having sustained severe loss from various services -in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, where detachments had -been employed, it was ordered to return to Europe, and arrived in -England in March, 1782. - -In August the regiment received directions to assume the title -of the SIXTEENTH, OR THE BUCKINGHAM Regiment, and to cultivate a -connection with the respectable inhabitants of that county, which -might be useful towards recruiting the regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -The American War terminated in 1782; and the regiment was placed -upon a peace establishment in 1783. - -[Sidenote: 1784] - -In 1784 it embarked for Ireland, where it was stationed several -years under the orders of Lieut.-Colonel James Henry Craig, an -officer of great zeal and ability. - -[Sidenote: 1788] - -Lieut.-General Robertson, died on the 4th of March, 1788, and was -succeeded in the colonelcy by Major-General the Honorable Thomas -Bruce, from the late 100th regiment, which was reduced after the -termination of the American War. - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -[Sidenote: 1791] - -On the 18th of August, 1790, the regiment embarked from Ireland for -Nova Scotia, and in 1791 it was removed to the island of Jamaica, -where it remained five years. - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -[Sidenote: 1794] - -A revolution broke out in France, and the republican principles -which filled that kingdom with anarchy, confusion, and bloodshed, -soon extended to the French West India Settlements, where the -blacks and mulattoes rose in arms against the European planters, -and filled the islands with rapine and devastation. Many of the -respectable inhabitants of the French island of _St. Domingo_ -solicited the protection of the British government against the fury -of the blacks, and a detachment of British troops proceeded to -their aid, from Jamaica, in 1793. The SIXTEENTH regiment furnished -a portion of this detachment, but the climate of St. Domingo proved -injurious to the health of the British troops, and the whole of -the party of the SIXTEENTH died of a pestilential fever, excepting -Lieutenant Vernon and one serjeant, who rejoined the regiment at -Jamaica. - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -The island of Jamaica was taken from the Spaniards, by an English -armament in 1655 (during the commonwealth under Cromwell), -when the slaves belonging to the Spanish planters fled to the -mountains, where they lived in savage independence, and were -called "Maroons." They procured arms, became expert marksmen, and -frequently committed outrages against the British inhabitants. In -1738 a treaty was concluded with them, and they received a grant -of land; but the pernicious doctrines of the French republicans -were circulated among the Maroons, who were joined by a number of -runaway slaves, and commenced hostilities against the English in -1795. The SIXTEENTH served in the _Maroon war_, when the soldiers -encountered many difficulties, and at first sustained some -reverses, from the difficult nature of the mountainous districts -into which they had to penetrate, and from the expert character of -the Maroon warriors in bush-fighting among rocks and dells covered -with trees and underwood. A detachment of the SIXTEENTH was first -called into action; and in October the regiment, commanded by Major -John Skinner, who held the local rank of Colonel, was called into -the field. This officer had served many years in the regiment; he -had distinguished himself in the American war, while serving with -Tarleton's Legion, with which corps he was present at numerous -engagements, and on joining the field force in the Maroon war, his -presence inspired the troops with confidence. Offensive operations -were conducted with prudence and skill, and by a strict combination -in the movements of the troops employed, united with valour and -discipline, the Maroons were driven from their mountain-fastnesses, -and chased from post to post, until they were forced to submit. In -performing this service, the soldiers underwent great fatigue and -privation, and they conquered the Maroons in a part of the island -where no European had ever before thought of penetrating. Captain -Drummond, of the SIXTEENTH, distinguished himself in this war. - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -The Maroons tendered their submission in March, 1796, and they were -afterwards removed from the island. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -Having become considerably reduced in numbers, the regiment -returned to England, towards the close of this year, and was -stationed a short time at Greenwich, from whence it embarked for -Scotland, early in 1797; at the same time it was ordered to recruit -with boys. - -Lieut.-General the Honorable Thomas Bruce having died, he was -succeeded in the colonelcy by Major-General Henry Bowyer, from the -Eighty-ninth regiment, by commission dated the 15th of December, -1797. - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -The regiment was quartered in Fifeshire, under the orders of -Major John Skinner, and afterwards proceeded to Fort George; -Lieut.-Colonel Hugh Wallace assuming the command. The boys were -transferred to the Thirty-fourth and Sixty-fifth regiments, under -orders for India, and the SIXTEENTH were completed by volunteers -from the English militia, principally limited service men. - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -In 1799 the regiment embarked from Scotland for London, from whence -it proceeded to Margate, to join the expedition to Holland, under -His Royal Highness the Duke of York; but the order to proceed on -this service was countermanded, and the regiment was stationed a -few months at Horsham in Sussex. - -[Sidenote: 1800] - -[Sidenote: 1801] - -Embarking from Portsmouth in 1800, the regiment sailed to Cork, and -was stationed in the south of Ireland; where Lieut.-Colonel St. -John Fancourt joined and assumed the command in 1801. - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -At the conclusion of the peace of Amiens in 1802, the limited -service men were discharged; and the regiment was completed from -disbanded fencible and militia corps. - -[Sidenote: 1803] - -War was resumed in 1803; and Lieut.-Colonel Fancourt having been -removed to the Thirty-fourth regiment, the command of the SIXTEENTH -devolved on Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Skinner. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -On the 7th of January, 1804, the regiment embarked from Monkstown, -for the West Indies, and arrived at Barbadoes on the 26th of March. -It was immediately ordered to hold itself in readiness to proceed -with the expedition under Major-General Sir Charles Green and -Commodore Samuel Hood, against the Dutch colony of _Surinam_, in -Guiana, in South America. This colony was ceded to the Dutch, by -King Charles II., in exchange for New York, in North America; it -was captured by the British in 1799, and restored at the peace of -Amiens in 1802. - -On the 7th of April, 1804, the expedition sailed from Barbadoes, -and a landing was effected on the 26th of that month; the SIXTEENTH -were actively employed in operations, until the surrender of the -colony on the 4th of May. - -[Sidenote: 1806] - -While the regiment was at Surinam, the post occupied by a -detachment of the light company and a few men of the fourth -West India regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Richard Greene, of -the SIXTEENTH, at _Armena_, was attacked by a large force of -predatory negroes and banditti, and defended with great gallantry, -the greater part of the garrison being killed in the successful -resistance made to the assailants. The inhabitants of the colony -afterwards presented Lieutenant Greene with a valuable sword, in -token of their sense of his conduct. - -[Sidenote: 1807] - -In 1807 Lieut.-Colonel Skinner was succeeded in the duties of -commanding officer by Major Brabazon Dean Vernon.[8] - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -On the decease of General Bowyer, in 1808, King George III. -conferred the colonelcy on Major-General Sir Charles Green, Bart., -from the York light infantry volunteers. - -[Sidenote: 1809] - -In May, 1809, His Majesty was graciously pleased to approve of the -regiment being styled the SIXTEENTH, or the BEDFORDSHIRE, instead -of the _Buckinghamshire_, Regiment: this exchange of County titles -took place with the Fourteenth Regiment of Foot. - -[Sidenote: 1810] - -Lieut.-Colonel Henry Tolley assumed the command of the regiment, in -June, 1810. - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -During its stay at Surinam and Barbadoes, the regiment lost -twenty-seven officers and upwards of five hundred men by disease. -The survivors returned to England by detachments in 1810, 1811, -and 1812, and landed at Falmouth and Portsmouth. One ship, the -"Islam," having on board the remainder of the grenadiers and of one -battalion company, was wrecked on the Tuscan Rock off the coast -of Ireland. By the exertions of some workmen, who were making -preparations to erect a lighthouse on the rock, all were saved -excepting one man, one woman, and some children; all the arms, -appointments, and baggage were lost. On the following day the party -was taken off the rock by a brig, and conveyed to Beaumaris in -Wales. - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -After occupying quarters at various stations, and receiving many -volunteers from the English and Irish militia, the regiment marched -to Sunderland in July; and in March, 1813, embarked from thence for -Perth: in July of this year it proceeded to Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -Sir Charles Green, Baronet, was removed to the Thirty-seventh -regiment in February, 1814, when His Royal Highness the Prince -Regent, conferred the colonelcy of the SIXTEENTH on Lieut.-General -Sir George Prevost, from the Seventy-sixth regiment. - -During this period the war was continued in Europe, and British -troops were acquiring laurels under the Duke of Wellington: at -the same time the measures pursued to counteract the decrees made -by Napoleon, Emperor of the French, for the destruction of the -commerce of Great Britain, brought on a war between the British -Crown and the United States of North America; and in the spring of -this year the SIXTEENTH embarked from Monkstown to join the British -troops in Canada. The regiment was commanded by Colonel Tolley, -and arriving at Quebec on the 29th of May, was stationed a short -period at that fortress; it was afterwards removed to Chambly, from -whence it proceeded to Montreal. The British troops having failed -in the attack of the American post at Plattsburg, the SIXTEENTH -were relieved from duty at Montreal, sent to the upper province, -and stationed at Fort Wellington. - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -A treaty of peace having been concluded with the Americans, the -regiment was ordered to return to Europe; it sailed from Quebec in -July, and arrived at Portsmouth in August. The return of Buonaparte -to France,--his reassumption of the imperial dignity,--his -overthrow at Waterloo, and surrender to a British man-of-war, had -occurred while the regiment was in Canada, and on the passage to -Europe; on its arrival at Portsmouth, it was ordered to proceed -to the Continent, to join the army commanded by the Duke of -Wellington. The regiment landed at Ostend, and marching to Paris, -encamped at St. Denis. - -On the conclusion of the definitive treaties of peace, the regiment -marched to Calais, where it embarked for England, and landing at -Dover, remained there fourteen days. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -Lieut.-General Sir George Prevost, Baronet, having died, the -Prince Regent nominated Major-General Hugh Mackay Gordon to the -colonelcy of the regiment, from the York Chasseurs, by commission -dated the 8th of January, 1816. - -From Dover the regiment embarked for Ireland; it landed at -Monkstown on the 3rd of February, and was stationed successively at -Fermoy, Limerick, and Cashel. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -In 1817 the regiment was removed to Kilkenny; and in 1818 to -Athlone. - -[Sidenote: 1819] - -[Sidenote: 1820] - -On the 25th of August, 1819, the regiment embarked from Cork, under -the command of Colonel Tolley, for colonial service, and touching -at the Cape of Good Hope, the flank companies landed, and remained -at Cape Town a month. The battalion companies continued their -voyage to Ceylon, and landed at Colombo on the 20th of February, -1820, under Major William Vandeleur. The flank companies, under -Colonel Tolley, arrived in March. - -[Sidenote: 1821] - -[Sidenote: 1822] - -The regiment remained seventeen months at Colombo, where it -was joined by one hundred and twenty-eight volunteers from the -Seventy-third; in August, 1821, it marched, under Major Vandeleur, -for Kandy, where Colonel Tolley resumed the command, and on his -proceeding on leave of absence, in October, 1822, the command -devolved on Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Lionel Hook. - -[Sidenote: 1823] - -Lieut.-General Gordon died in the spring of 1823, and was succeeded -in the colonelcy by Lieut.-General William Carr, Viscount -Beresford, G.C.B., and G.C.H. - -[Sidenote: 1824] - -In March, 1824, the regiment returned to Colombo, where it lost -several officers and a number of men by a malignant fever. - -[Sidenote: 1825] - -[Sidenote: 1826] - -Colonel Tolley was promoted to the rank of Major-General; Brevet -Lieut.-Colonel Hook was nominated to a Lieut.-Colonelcy in the -Ceylon rifle corps; and Colonel David Ximenes was appointed -Lieut.-Colonel of the SIXTEENTH; this officer arrived at Colombo in -March, 1826, and assumed the command of the regiment, which marched -from Colombo, in July following, for Point de Galle. - -[Sidenote: 1827] - -On the 2nd of July, 1827, Lieutenants Alexander, Mylius, and Hyde, -Ensigns Cassidi and Hannagan, three serjeants, and one hundred and -eight rank and file, joined from the depôt in England. - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -[Sidenote: 1829] - -The regiment, having been appointed to proceed to Bengal, was -relieved from duty at the island of Ceylon, by the Sixty-first, -in November, 1828, and embarking from thence in four divisions, -arrived at Calcutta in January, 1829, when Colonel Ximenes was -appointed to command the garrison of Fort William, and Major John -W. Adain assumed the command of the regiment; which received one -hundred and fourteen volunteers from the Fifty-ninth, and forty-six -from the Thirtieth and Forty-seventh regiments. In April Major -Adain obtained leave to proceed to England, and the command of the -regiment devolved on Major Adam Gordon Campbell, until the arrival -of Lieut.-Colonel Lionel Smith Hook, in November: this officer was -appointed to the regiment in February of this year. - -[Sidenote: 1830] - -The SIXTEENTH remained on duty at Calcutta, where, in October and -November, 1830, they received sixty-four volunteers from other -corps. - -[Sidenote: 1831] - -In January, 1831, Colonel Hook was nominated to the command of the -garrison of Fort William, and Major Campbell resumed the command; -but on the regiment quitting Calcutta, in March following, to -proceed in steam-boats to Chinsurah, Colonel Hook again assumed the -command. At this period twenty volunteers joined from the Royal -regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1832] - -[Sidenote: 1833] - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -The SIXTEENTH regiment remained at Chinsurah until December, 1833, -when it commenced its march for Ghazepore: while on the march its -destination was altered for Cawnpore; and on the 7th of February, -1834, it had the misfortune to lose its commanding officer, Colonel -Hook, who died at the camp at Secrole, Benares, when the command -again devolved on Major Campbell: on the 28th of February the -regiment arrived at Cawnpore. - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -[Sidenote: 1836] - -In March, 1835, Captain H. M^cManus, Ensigns Henry A. O'Molony -and Edward Brabazon, two serjeants and forty-three rank and file, -joined from England. Another detachment joined in May; and in -March, 1836, one hundred and six volunteers were received from the -Thirty-eighth regiment,--also eighty-four recruits from England, -under Captain R. Brown, Ensigns Hook and Lawson, and Surgeon -Steele. They were followed by Ensigns G. M. Ross and H. C. M. -Ximenes, in September. - -[Sidenote: 1837] - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -In March, 1837, Lieutenant Gibbs, and thirty-two recruits joined; -and in May, twenty-two volunteers from the Twentieth regiment. -Thirty-nine volunteers also joined from the Forty-fifth, in April, -1838. - -[Sidenote: 1839] - -[Sidenote: 1840] - -On the 24th of December, 1839, the regiment received orders to -proceed by water to Calcutta; but in January, 1840, it received -orders to disembark at Dinapore, and relieve the Forty-ninth -regiment, under orders to proceed with the expedition to China. -The SIXTEENTH remained at Dinapore until October, when they were -relieved by a wing of the Twenty-first fusiliers, and embarked for -the Presidency, where they arrived on the 4th of November. - -[Sidenote: 1841] - -Orders having been issued for the regiment to return to England, it -transferred a number of volunteers to other corps, and embarked, -in three divisions, in December, 1840, and January, 1841, under -Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, Major H. Clements, and Brevet-Major -Dalzell; and landing at Gravesend in April following, marched from -thence to Canterbury, from whence four companies were afterwards -detached to Dover. - -In August the regiment was supplied with new _Percussion Arms_. In -December it marched to London, and proceeded from thence by railway -to Winchester. - -[Sidenote: 1842] - -Leaving Winchester in April, 1842, the regiment proceeded by -railway to Gosport, and in August it was removed to Portsmouth. - -On the 22nd of September NEW COLOURS were presented to the -regiment, on Southsea Common, by the Honorable LADY PAKENHAM; -the Rev. RICHARD BINGHAM conducted the ceremony of consecration; -and the regiment was afterwards addressed by Major-General the -Honorable SIR HERCULES R. PAKENHAM, K.C.B., commanding the -South-west District, who detailed, in a very impressive manner, the -ancient achievements of the corps. A large assemblage of nobility -and gentry were present at the ceremony, and were afterwards -entertained by the officers at a déjeuné and ball. - -[Sidenote: 1843] - -The regiment proceeded from Portsmouth to Manchester, in May, 1843, -and from thence to Ireland in July. During the remainder of the -year it was stationed at Newbridge and Birr. - -[Sidenote: 1844] - -From Birr the regiment marched, in February, 1844, to Naas, and in -March removed to Dublin, where it remained until December, when the -regiment proceeded to Cork. - -[Sidenote: 1845] - -In June, 1845, the SIXTEENTH regiment marched to Buttevant, and in -October to Cork, for the purpose of proceeding on foreign service. - -[Sidenote: 1846] - -The service companies of the regiment, under the command of -Lieut.-Colonel Henry M^cManus, embarked at Cork for Gibraltar, -on the 17th and 19th January, 1846, in the freight ships Cressy -and Earl Grey, and arrived at Gibraltar on the 11th February. The -depôt companies marched from Buttevant to Birr, in April, 1846, and -proceeded in November to Fermoy. - -[Sidenote: 1847] - -On the 9th of March, 1847, the regiment, under the command -of Lieut.-Colonel M^cManus, embarked in Her Majesty's ship -Belleisle for Corfu, where it arrived on the 27th March; and on -its embarkation for the Ionian Islands, a favourable report was -received by the Adjutant-General from the Governor of Gibraltar, -General Sir Robert Wilson, who stated, that the corps was "_very -efficient and soldier-like_," and that it was "_distinguished by -very commendable conduct throughout its service in the garrison_." - -The depôt companies marched from Fermoy to Youghal in September, -1847. - -[Sidenote: 1848] - -Lieut.-Colonel M^cManus retired on half-pay on the 10th March, -1848, and Major Robert Luxmoore was promoted to the rank of -Lieut.-Colonel; Captain Charles Grey succeeded to the Majority. - -In April, 1848, the depôt companies proceeded to Cork, and embarked -for Guernsey on the 4th May, where they are now stationed. - -On the 1st June, 1848, the date to which the Record has been -continued, the service companies were stationed at Corfu, under the -command of Lieut.-Colonel Robert Luxmoore. - - -1848 - - -[Illustration: SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. - -QUEEN'S COLOUR.] - -[Illustration: REGIMENTAL COLOUR. - -FOR CANNON'S MILITARY RECORDS - -_Madeley lith 3 Wellington S^t Strand_] - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF - -THE SIXTEENTH, - -OR - -THE BEDFORDSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - -ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS, - -_Appointed 9th October, 1688_. - -ARCHIBALD DOUGLAS was many years an officer in the First, or the -Royal regiment of foot, with which corps he served in France and -Germany, when that veteran Scots regiment was in the service of -Louis XIV.; but it was withdrawn from the army of the French -monarch in 1678, from which period it has been on the British -establishment. He was captain of one of the companies of the Royal -regiment sent to the relief of Tangier, in Africa, when that -fortress was besieged by the Moors in 1680, and he was wounded -in the general engagement on the 27th of September, 1680, when -the Moorish army was overthrown. He was subsequently promoted to -the lieutenant-colonelcy of his regiment; and he commanded the -companies of his corps at the battle of Sedgemoor, on the 6th of -July, 1685, where he distinguished himself. King James II. placed -great confidence in the loyalty of Colonel Douglas, and when His -Majesty's power was menaced by the armament under the Prince of -Orange, the King nominated this distinguished Scots officer to -raise a regiment, now the SIXTEENTH foot, of which he was appointed -colonel. At the Revolution in 1688, he withdrew from the service, -and was not afterwards employed under the British crown. In -consequence of a mark on his countenance, he was sometimes called -_Spot_. - - -ROBERT HODGES, - -_Appointed 31st December, 1688_. - -This Officer served with the army of Louis XIV. in Germany, as -ensign and lieutenant in the Royal regiment of foot, and in -1678, when a grenadier company was added to the regiment, it -was placed under his orders, and he was promoted to the rank of -captain. The Scots grenadiers under his orders were selected to -proceed to the relief of Tangier, and in an account of an action -on the 20th of September, 1680, with the Moorish lancers, it is -recorded--"The grenadiers, under Captain Hodges, behaved themselves -very bravely." He also distinguished himself in a skirmish on -the 22nd of September; and in the general attack on the Moorish -lines, on the 27th of that month, he led the assault at the head of -his grenadiers, and evinced great gallantry. He was subsequently -promoted to the majority of the Royal regiment, and in December, -1688, the Prince of Orange conferred on him the colonelcy of the -corps which is now the SIXTEENTH regiment. He served the campaign -of 1689, in the Netherlands, under Prince Waldeck, and evinced -great courage and ability in command of a detachment of infantry -placed in front of the confederate army at Walcourt, when attacked -by the French, under Marshal d'Humières, on the 25th of August. He -served the campaigns of 1691 and 1692, under King William III., and -was killed by a cannon-ball at the battle of Steenkirk, on the 3rd -of August, 1692. - - -THE HONORABLE JAMES STANLEY, - -_Appointed 1st August, 1692_. - -THE HONORABLE JAMES STANLEY, third son of Charles eighth Earl -of Derby, was an adherent of the principles of the Revolution -of 1688, and a member of the Convention of Parliament which -conferred the crown on the Prince and Princess of Orange. He -procured a commission in the first foot guards, in which corps -he obtained the rank of captain and lieut.-colonel; he served -several campaigns in Flanders under King William III., and on 1st -August, 1692, His Majesty, in his camp at Lambeque, promoted him, -from lieutenant-colonel of the foot guards, to the command of -the SIXTEENTH regiment of foot, in succession to Colonel Hodges, -who was killed at the battle of Steenkirk. He was also one of the -grooms of the bed-chamber to King William III. On the decease of -his brother, in 1702, he succeeded to the dignity of Earl of Derby. -On the 10th June, 1702, he was constituted Lord-Lieutenant of North -Wales and of the County of Lancaster; and in the following year he -had a patent to be Vice-Admiral of the said County during Queen -Anne's reign. The Earl of Derby resigned his military appointments -in 1705, and on 10th June, 1706, was sworn at Windsor, by her -Majesty's command, one of the Privy Council, and at the same time -Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. At her Majesty's coronation, -on 23rd April, 1702, he carried one of the Three Swords of State, -as he did also at the coronation of King George I., on the 20th -October, 1714. At the change of the administration in 1710, he was -removed from his posts, and from that of Lord-Lieutenant of the -County of Lancaster, but was again constituted Lord-Lieutenant -of that County on the 5th August, 1714. On 23rd September, 1715, -he was appointed Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard. He died at -Knowsley, on Sunday, 1st February, 1736. - - -FRANCIS GODFREY, - -_Appointed 25th May, 1705_. - -This officer was nephew to the great Duke of Marlborough;[9] he -held a commission in the foot guards, in the time of King William -III., and was promoted to captain and lieut.-colonel, and he served -several campaigns in the Netherlands under his uncle. In 1705 he -was promoted to the colonelcy of the SIXTEENTH regiment, and in -1710 he was advanced to the rank of brigadier-general; in 1711 he -disposed of the colonelcy of the regiment. He died on the 6th of -October, 1712. - - -HENRY DURELL, - -_Appointed 17th February, 1711_. - -This officer held a commission in the foot guards, in which corps -he rose to the rank of captain and lieut.-colonel. He served at -several battles and sieges in the Netherlands and in Germany, under -the great Duke of Marlborough, and was promoted to the rank of -brigadier-general in 1710: in 1711 he obtained the colonelcy of the -SIXTEENTH regiment. He commanded a brigade in Flanders, in 1712, -and was appointed Deputy Governor of Dunkirk, when that fortress -was delivered up to the British troops. He died on the 1st of -December, 1712. - - -HANS HAMILTON, - -_Appointed 23rd June, 1713_. - -HANS HAMILTON was many years an officer of the SIXTEENTH regiment, -of which corps he was appointed lieut.-colonel, and he served three -campaigns under the great Duke of Marlborough. His meritorious -conduct on all occasions was rewarded, in 1705, with the colonelcy -of the Thirty-fourth regiment, which corps he accompanied to Spain, -and served as quartermaster-general under the Earl of Peterborough -at the capture of Barcelona, &c. He was promoted to the rank of -brigadier-general in 1710, and commanded a brigade in Flanders at -the forcing of the French lines at Arleux, and at the siege of -Bouchain in 1711. In 1713 he was removed to the SIXTEENTH regiment, -but he withdrew from the service in 1715, selling his commission. -He died in 1721. - - -RICHARD VISCOUNT IRWIN, - -_Appointed 11th July, 1715_. - -RICHARD INGRAM, Baron Ingram, and VISCOUNT IRWIN, commenced his -military service in the life guards, in which corps he rose to -the rank of lieutenant and lieut.-colonel, and was afterwards -lieut.-colonel of the SIXTEENTH regiment, of which corps he was -appointed colonel in 1715; at the same time he was nominated -Governor of Hull. In 1717 he was removed to the second horse, now -first dragoon guards, and three years afterwards he was nominated -Governor of Barbadoes; but previous to his embarkation he was taken -ill of the small-pox, of which he died on the 10th of April, 1721. - - -JAMES CHOLMELEY, - -_Appointed 13th December, 1717_. - -JAMES CHOLMELEY was many years an officer of reputation in the -SIXTEENTH regiment, to the lieut.-colonelcy of which corps he was -promoted by King George I., in consideration of his service in -Flanders under the Duke of Marlborough, and his excellent conduct -on all occasions. In 1717 he was promoted to the colonelcy of the -regiment. He died in 1724. - - -HENRY, EARL OF DELORAINE, K.B., - -_Appointed 7th April, 1724_. - -LORD HENRY SCOTT, third son of James Duke of Monmouth and Anne -Duchess of Buccleuch, obtained a commission in the army in the -reign of William III.; he served with reputation in the reign -of Queen Anne, obtained the command of one of the newly-raised -regiments of foot in 1704; and on the 29th of March, 1706, he was -created Baron Scott of Goldielands, Viscount Hermitage, and EARL -OF DELORAINE. He supported the treaty of union between England and -Scotland and other measures of the court; in 1715 he was chosen -one of the sixteen representatives of the Scottish peerage; and -was re-chosen in 1722, and again in 1727. His regiment having -been disbanded at the peace of Utrecht, he was appointed, on the -1st of June, 1715, colonel of the second, or Scots troop of horse -grenadier guards, which he held two years. In 1724 he obtained the -colonelcy of the SIXTEENTH foot; he was invested with the order -of the Bath on its revival in 1725; and promoted to the rank of -major-general in 1726. He was removed to the seventh horse, now -sixth dragoon guards, or carabineers, in July, 1730. He died on the -25th of December following. - - -ROGER HANDASYD, - -_Appointed 9th July, 1730_. - -This Officer obtained a commission in a regiment of foot in 1694, -and served two campaigns under King William III. He also served -with reputation in the wars of Queen Anne, and succeeded his father -in the colonelcy of the Twenty-second regiment in 1712; in 1730 he -was removed to the SIXTEENTH regiment. He was promoted to the rank -of major-general in 1739, and to that of lieut.-general in 1743. He -died in 1763. - - -THE HONORABLE ROBERT BRUDENELL, - -_Appointed 14th June, 1763_. - -THE HONORABLE ROBERT BRUDENELL, third son of George Earl of -Cardigan, was many years a member of Parliament for Marlborough, -also groom of the bed-chamber to His Royal Highness the Duke of -York, whose train he bore at the coronation of King George III. He -was appointed captain and lieut.-colonel in the third foot guards, -in 1758; promoted to the colonelcy of the SIXTEENTH in 1763, and -removed to the fourth, or King's Own regiment, in 1765. He died at -Windsor, in October, 1768. - - -SIR WILLIAM DRAPER, K.B., - -_Appointed 25th June, 1765_. - -WILLIAM DRAPER was educated at Eton, and at King's College, -Cambridge, for the Church: but preferring the profession of arms, -he went to the East Indies, and was employed in the service of -the Honorable the East India Company. He subsequently obtained a -commission from the King, and on the 2nd of November, 1757, he -was promoted to lieut.-colonel commandant of the seventy-ninth -regiment, then raised, with which corps he served in India, and -acquired the reputation of a brave and meritorious officer. He -returned to England in 1760, and in 1761 he commanded a brigade -at the capture of Belleisle. He again proceeded to India, and -commanded the land forces of the expedition which captured Manilla -in 1763. His regiment was disbanded soon afterwards; and in -1765 King George III. conferred upon him the colonelcy of the -SIXTEENTH regiment, from which he exchanged, in 1766, to the late -121st regiment. In 1769 he appeared in a literary character, and -answered some of Junius's letters; and in the autumn of the same -year he proceeded to South Carolina. He was promoted to the rank of -major-general in 1772; to that of lieut.-general in 1777; he was -honoured with the dignity of a Knight of the Bath, and nominated -Governor of Yarmouth. He died in 1787. - - -JAMES GISBORNE, - -_Appointed 4th March, 1766_. - -After a progressive service in the subordinate commissions, this -officer was appointed lieut.-colonel of the tenth regiment in -1755, and he was afterwards employed many years on the staff of -Ireland, as quartermaster-general in that country. In 1762 he was -promoted to the colonelcy of the 121st regiment; and in 1766 he was -removed to the SIXTEENTH regiment. He was promoted to the rank of -major-general in 1770, and to that of lieut.-general in 1777. He -died in 1778. - - -JAMES ROBERTSON, - -_Appointed 14th May, 1778_. - -This Officer entered the army in the reign of King George II.; -he served in America during the seven years' war, and held the -appointment of deputy-Quartermaster-general, with the rank of -lieut.-colonel, under Lieut.-General Sir Jeffrey (afterwards Lord) -Amherst, who completed the conquest of Canada in 1760. In the -same year Lieut.-Colonel Robertson was appointed to the fifteenth -regiment, and in 1768 he was removed to the SIXTEENTH, which corps -he commanded in Florida several years. On the breaking out of the -American war, he was again called into active service in that -country, and in January, 1776, he was appointed colonel commandant -of the second battalion of the sixtieth regiment, and promoted to -the local rank of major-general in America: in 1777 he obtained the -rank of major-general, and in 1778 the colonelcy of the SIXTEENTH -regiment. His services in the American war were rewarded with the -appointment of Governor of New York; and in 1782 he was promoted to -the rank of Lieut.-General. He died on the 4th of March, 1788. - - -THE HONORABLE THOMAS BRUCE, - -_Appointed 6th March, 1788_. - -THE HONORABLE THOMAS BRUCE, son of William Earl of Kincardine, -choosing the profession of arms, rose to the commission of major -in the sixtieth regiment in 1768, and in 1770 he was promoted to -the lieut.-colonelcy of the sixty-fifth regiment, which corps he -commanded in North America during the early part of the American -war. In 1781 he was appointed lieut.-colonel commandant of the -100th regiment, with which corps he served in the East Indies, -and obtained the local rank of major-general in that country in -March, 1782: in November following he was promoted to the rank of -major-general. After the termination of the war with Tippoo Saib, -the ruler of the Mysore, the 100th regiment was disbanded, and in -1788 Major-General the Honorable Thomas Bruce was appointed colonel -of the SIXTEENTH regiment: in 1796 he was promoted to the rank of -lieut.-general. He died in 1797. - - -HENRY BOWYER, - -_Appointed 15th December, 1797_. - -This officer entered the army in 1771, and after serving five -years in the sixty-eighth regiment, he was promoted captain in -the nineteenth, and in 1778 he was removed to the sixty-sixth: -his distinguished services during the American war were rewarded -with the rank of lieut.-colonel in November 1782. In 1787 he was -appointed major, and in 1787 lieut.-colonel of the sixty-sixth -regiment. He served in the West Indies, was promoted to the rank -of major-general in 1795, and to that of lieut.-general, 1802. In -March, 1797, he was appointed colonel of the eighty-ninth regiment, -and was removed, in December following, to the SIXTEENTH. He held -the appointment of commander of the forces in the Windward and -Leeward Islands. His decease occurred in 1808. - - -SIR CHARLES GREEN, BART., - -_Appointed 29th August, 1808_. - -CHARLES GREEN entered the army as gentleman cadet in the Royal -Artillery in 1760; in 1765 he was appointed ensign in the -thirty-first regiment, which corps he joined at Pensacola in 1766. -In 1768 he was employed on a particular service at New Orleans -and on the Mississippi river; and in 1771 he served as engineer -at the Bahama Islands. He joined his regiment at St. Vincent in -1772, and served against the Caribs; but returned to England in -1773, and was promoted to a lieutenancy; and in 1774 to captain in -the thirty-first regiment. Proceeding to America in 1776, he was -nominated aide-de-camp to Major-General Phillips, and served the -campaign of 1777 in that capacity. He was wounded at Freeman's Farm -in September of that year, and returning to England in 1778, he -was appointed aide-de-camp to Lieut.-General Sir Adolphus Oughton, -commander-in-chief in North Britain. Having joined the thirty-first -in Canada, in May, 1780, he was soon afterwards nominated major -of brigade to the Montreal district. In 1783 he obtained the rank -of major in the army, and the majority of his regiment in 1788. -On the breaking out of the war in 1793, he was promoted to the -lieut.-colonelcy of a battalion formed of independent companies, -and in 1794 he exchanged to the thirtieth regiment. After serving -two years at Corsica, he was nominated civil governor of Grenada, -and was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1797. His eye-sight -having been injured by the climate of Grenada, he returned to -England in 1801: in 1803 he was appointed brigadier-general on -the Staff of Ireland, and was afterwards removed to England; he -was knighted in May of this year, and promoted to the rank of -major-general in September. In 1804 he was nominated colonel of -the York Light Infantry Volunteers; and afterwards proceeding to -the West Indies, he assembled an armament and captured the Dutch -Settlements of Surinam in South America. He remained at Surinam -a year, and returned to England in 1805: in 1807 he was advanced -to the dignity of a BARONET, and in 1808 appointed colonel of the -SIXTEENTH regiment. He commanded the garrison of Malta some time; -was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general in 1809; removed to -the thirty-seventh regiment in 1814; and advanced to the rank of -general in 1819. He died in 1831. - - -SIR GEORGE PREVOST, BART., - -_Appointed 17th February, 1814_. - -GEORGE PREVOST was appointed ensign in the sixtieth regiment in -1779, lieutenant in the forty-seventh in 1782, and captain in -the sixtieth in 1783; in 1784 he was removed to the twenty-fifth -regiment, with which corps he served at Gibraltar, and in 1790 -he was promoted to a majority in the sixtieth. Early in 1794 he -took command of the third battalion of the sixtieth at Antigua; -he was promoted to a lieut.-colonelcy in his regiment in March, -and in 1795 he was employed at St. Vincent's in suppressing the -insurrection of the Caribs, and in resisting the French invasion: -he commanded a column at the reduction of La Vigie. In October -he was directed to assume the command of the troops at Dominica; -but he returned to the third battalion of the sixtieth at St. -Vincent's, in January, 1796, and was twice severely wounded in -opposing the progress of the enemy towards the capital. Returning -to England in consequence of his wounds, he was employed a short -time as an inspecting field-officer; having been promoted to the -rank of colonel on the 1st of January, 1796. He was subsequently -nominated brigadier-general in the West Indies; he commanded -the troops at Barbadoes, afterwards at St. Lucia, where he was -appointed lieut.-governor; but returned to England after the -peace of Amiens in 1802. Four months afterwards he was nominated -Governor of Dominica; and in 1803 he served as second in command -at the reduction of St. Lucia and Tobago: for a short time he -commanded the troops in the Windward and Leeward Islands. In 1804 -he successfully defended Dominica against a French armament; and -was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1805, when he returned -to England and was appointed lieut.-governor of Portsmouth. -He proceeded to Nova Scotia in 1808, with the local rank of -lieut.-general; and in 1809 he distinguished himself as second in -command at the reduction of Martinique. Returning afterwards to -Nova Scotia, he obtained the appointment of commander in-chief -in Canada. He was advanced to the dignity of a BARONET for his -distinguished services in the West Indies. In 1811 he was promoted -to the rank of lieut.-general; and he was nominated captain-general -and governor-in-chief in North America. War having commenced with -the United States, he defended the Canadas successfully nearly -three years, under circumstances of peculiar difficulty. In -February, 1814, he was appointed colonel of the SIXTEENTH regiment. -After an unsuccessful attack on the American post at Plattsburg, he -was recalled to England; where he died in January, 1816. - - -HUGH MACKAY GORDON, - -_Appointed 8th January, 1816_. - -HUGH MACKAY GORDON entered the army during the American war, and -was many years an officer of the SIXTEENTH regiment, with which -corps he served in Florida, South Carolina, and Georgia, also in -Nova Scotia and the West Indies. He was promoted captain in the -SIXTEENTH in 1788, major in the army in 1796; lieut.-colonel in the -army in 1798; and obtained a majority in his regiment in 1799; at -the peace of Amiens he was placed on half-pay. He was promoted to -the rank of major-general in 1811, and was nominated colonel of the -York Chasseurs in 1814; in 1816 he was removed to the SIXTEENTH, -with which regiment he had previously performed much service. In -1821 he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general. He died in 1823. - - -WILLIAM CARR, VISCOUNT BERESFORD, G.C.B., G.C.H., - -_Appointed 15th March, 1823_. - - -LONDON:--Printed by W. CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street, - -For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[6] The date when the facings were changed from white to yellow has -not been ascertained. - -[7] Beatson's Naval and Military Memoirs. - -[8] Lieutenant-General John Skinner entered the army as an Ensign -in the SIXTEENTH regiment of foot on the 4th of September, 1772, -and rose to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel of that regiment on the -11th of April, 1805: he was promoted to the rank of Colonel in the -army on the 25th of April, 1808: after performing the duties of -a regimental officer, in the various situations of service, from -1772, to 1811, he was advanced to the rank of Major-General on the -4th of June, 1811, and was appointed to the staff of the army in -the West Indies, on which he continued to serve until the 24th of -March, 1816: he was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-General on the -19th of July, 1821: he died in 1827, after a continued and faithful -service of forty-four years. - -[9] Francis Godfrey was the son of Charles Godfrey, Esq., who -married Miss Arabella Churchill, mistress of King James II., and -mother of James Duke of Berwick. Miss Arabella Churchill was the -sister of John Lord Churchill, afterwards Duke of Marlborough. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, - foot-guards, foot guards; hand-grenades, hand grenades; piquets. - - Pg 23, '[Sidenote: 1783]' inserted. - Pg 26, 'and assume the' replaced by 'and assumed the'. - Pg 32, 'at Chinsurha' replaced by 'at Chinsurah'. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical Record of the Sixteenth, -or, The Bedfordshire Regiment of Fo, by Richard Cannon - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEDFORDSHIRE REGIMENT *** - -***** This file should be named 55036-0.txt or 55036-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/5/0/3/55036/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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