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+<title>
+  The Project Gutenberg eBook of Life And Destiny, by Felix Adler.
+</title>
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Life and destiny, by Felix Adler
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
+
+
+Title: Life and destiny
+
+Author: Felix Adler
+
+Release Date: August 23, 2018 [EBook #57752]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE AND DESTINY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Turgut Dincer, Chuck Greif and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+book was produced from images made available by the
+HathiTrust Digital Library.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="c">
+<img src="images/cover.jpg"
+style="padding-right:0%;" width="353" height="500" alt="" title="" />
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_i" id="page_i">{i}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_ii" id="page_ii">{ii}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_iii" id="page_iii">{iii}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+
+<p class="c">LIFE AND DESTINY</p>
+
+<h1><span class="smcap">Life and Destiny</span></h1>
+
+<p class="c">BY<br />
+<br />
+FELIX ADLER<br />
+<br /><small>
+AUTHOR OF<br />
+“CREED AND DEED,” “MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE,” ETC.</small><br />
+<br /><br />
+<span class="smcap">London</span>:<br />
+WATTS &amp; CO.,<br />
+17 JOHNSON’S COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C.<br />
+<small>1913</small><br /></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_iv" id="page_iv">{iv}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_v" id="page_v">{v}</a>&nbsp; </span>&nbsp; </p>
+
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+width="25"
+/></p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td class="rt"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr>
+<tr><td><a href="#THE_MEANING_OF_LIFE"><span class="smcap">The Meaning of Life</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_3">3</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#RELIGION"><span class="smcap">Religion</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_17">17</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#IMMORTALITY"><span class="smcap">Immortality</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#MORAL_IDEALS"><span class="smcap">Moral Ideals</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_37">37</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#LOVE_AND_MARRIAGE"><span class="smcap">Love and Marriage</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_53">53</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#HIGHER_LIFE"><span class="smcap">Higher Life</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#SPIRITUAL_PROGRESS"><span class="smcap">Spiritual Progress</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_81">81</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#SUFFERING_AND_CONSOLATION"><span class="smcap">Suffering and Consolation</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_89">89</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td><a href="#ETHICAL_OUTLOOK"><span class="smcap">Ethical Outlook</span></a></td><td class="rt" valign="bottom"><a href="#page_105">105</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_vi" id="page_vi">{vi}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_vii" id="page_vii">{vii}</a></span></p>
+
+<h2><a name="PUBLISHERS_PREFACE" id="PUBLISHERS_PREFACE"></a>PUBLISHERS’ PREFACE</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><i><span class="smcap">Dr. Felix Adler,</span> from whose Addresses the following gems of thought are
+extracted, is widely known in the United States as an impassioned
+preacher, a distinguished scholar, and a leading citizen. He founded in
+1876, in the City of New York, the first Ethical Society, of which he is
+still the much-beloved inspirer and guide. Since that date the Ethical
+Movement inaugurated by Dr. Adler has taken root in many lands, and an
+International Union of Ethical Societies has been called into being, of
+which he is President. According to him, the three fundamental tenets of
+the Ethical Movement are “the supremacy of the moral end of life above
+all other ends, the sufficiency of man for the pursuit of that end, and
+the increase of moral truth to be expected from loyalty in this
+pursuit.”</i></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><i>In this volume connected excerpts bearing on the more intimate side of
+life, as apprehended by the author, are offered to the reader. Here<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_viii" id="page_viii">{viii}</a></span> Dr.
+Adler reveals himself not only as some one who has explored the deeper
+recesses of the human heart, but his words prove him to be of the long
+line of poets and prophets who have contributed to purify and elevate
+humanity.</i></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><i>This small work appears destined by its form and content to be a
+religious and ethical classic, to be placed on the book-shelf alongside
+of À Kempis’s “Imitation of Christ,” Pascal’s “Thoughts,” and Emerson’s
+“Essays”. Whoever craves for self-knowledge, reveres his deeper self,
+and seeks to be captain of his own soul, will feel that these pages
+offer him precious and sympathetic counsel.</i></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><i>In conclusion, the Publishers desire to express their grateful thanks
+to Dr. Adler for permission to issue this popular edition, and to state
+that they are entirely responsible for the few omissions in the text.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_1" id="page_1">{1}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_2" id="page_2">{2}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_3" id="page_3">{3}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="THE_MEANING_OF_LIFE" id="THE_MEANING_OF_LIFE"></a>THE MEANING OF LIFE</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">There</span> are two kinds of light, the light on the hither side of the
+darkness and the light beyond the darkness. We must press on through the
+darkness and the terror of it if we would reach the holier light beyond.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We are here&mdash;no matter who put us here, or how we came here&mdash;to fulfil a
+task. We cannot afford to go of our own volition until the last item of
+our duty is discharged. We are here to make mind master of matter, soul
+of sense. We do so by overriding pain, not by weakly capitulating to it.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>When we are smitten by the rod of affliction do not let us sit still,
+but rather get to work as fast as we<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_4" id="page_4">{4}</a></span> can. In action lies our salvation.
+But it must be remembered that only a great aim, one which remains
+valid, irrespective of our private griefs, is competent in the critical
+moments to put us into action and to sustain us in action.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The thought that extreme suffering is a key which unlocks life’s deepest
+and truest meanings is the final rejoinder to the plea on behalf of
+suicide. It is a thought which, when fully apprehended, is calculated to
+give peace to every troubled soul.</p>
+
+<p>The fact that there is a spiritual power in us, that is to say, a power
+which testifies to the unity of our life with the life of others, which
+impels us to regard others as other selves&mdash;this fact comes home to us
+even more forcibly in sorrow than in joy. It is thrown into clearest
+relief on the background of pain.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_5" id="page_5">{5}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In the glow of achievement we are apt to be full of a false
+self-importance. But in moments of weakness we realise, through
+contrast, the infinitely superior strength of the power whose very
+humble organs and ministers we are. It is then we come to understand
+that, isolated from it, we are nothing; at one with it, identified with
+it, we participate in its eternal nature, in its resistless course.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There are two terms of the series of progress which we should always
+keep before us. The one is the starting-point, and the other the final
+goal. The former is the cave man; the latter is the divine man. We know
+in a measure what sort of being the cave man was. Instructed by
+anthropologists, we know how poor and mean were the beginnings of
+humanity on earth. But of that other term of progress&mdash;the goal of
+progress,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_6" id="page_6">{6}</a></span> the divine man of whom the cave man was the germ, the first
+rough draft&mdash;of the man who is to be, our notions are vague. He rises
+before us, indeed, in a vision of glory, but his shape is nebulous. And
+the result of progress is just this, that it makes us more and more able
+to define the outlines of that shape, to draw sharply and finely the
+noble lineaments of that face; that it makes us more and more able to
+see the divine, the perfect man, the only begotten son of all the
+spirits of the myriads of the generations of men&mdash;the man that is to be,
+the perfection of our imperfection.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The perfect man has never yet appeared on earth. The perfect man is an
+apparition of light and beauty rising in the boundless infinite, an
+ideal to be more and more clothed with particularity. The purpose for
+which we exist is to help to create the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_7" id="page_7">{7}</a></span> perfect man, to incarnate him
+more and more in ourselves and in others.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>That the lofty form of man may be wholly disengaged from the
+encompassing clay, that the traces of our bestial ancestry may be wholly
+purged from our nature, that our spirits may stand erect as our bodies
+already do&mdash;this, I think, is the end for which we exist.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Every man, however humble, is worthy of reverence because, in his
+limited sphere, he can be a beneficent, forward-working agent, he can
+help a little to create the perfect man. Every child is a possible
+avatar of the more perfect man. On every child the whole past lays its
+burdens, and of the outcome of its life the whole future is expectant.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The way to overcome dejection is to energise our nature vigorously. An
+eminent physician is quoted as<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_8" id="page_8">{8}</a></span> saying: “I firmly believe that one-half
+of the confirmed invalids could be cured of their maladies if they were
+compelled to live busy and active lives, and had no time to fret over
+their miseries. The will has a wonderfully strong and direct influence
+over the body. Good work is the safeguard of health. The way to live
+well is to work well.” If this be true, even when the cause of the
+dejection is corporeal, how much more likely is it to be true where the
+cause is seated in the mind.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In cases of bereavement, what is it that can enable a man to weather the
+hurricane of grief which is apt to descend upon the soul immediately
+after a great loss; and what can enable him to live through the dead
+calm which is apt to succeed that first whirlwind of passionate
+desolation? It is the thought that the fight must<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_9" id="page_9">{9}</a></span> still go on, because
+there are issues of infinite worth at stake; and that, though wounded
+and crippled, he must still bear his part in the fight until the end.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>For singleness of purpose, I plead. This alone can give strength to our
+will, coherence to our life. Without it we drift; with it we steer. Let
+us have before us, whatever we do, a sovereign aim, but let us also make
+sure that it be a worthy aim, one that will purge the clay from our
+eyes, from our lips, from our brains, from our hearts.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>A great man helps us by the standard which he erects. He never really is
+level with his own standard, and yet we do not therefore reject him. He
+helps us by what he earnestly tries for, and by what he suggests to us
+that we should try for; he helps us, not so much by what he achieves,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_10" id="page_10">{10}</a></span>
+as by what he reveals, by the insight which he gives us into the nature
+of good.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>So far as the forward movement of the human race is concerned, it is the
+effort that counts, and not the attainment; the realm of time and space
+can never be the scene of complete realisation. The reward of the effort
+is the wider outlook upon the ultimate aim; the truer estimate of its
+character as infinite, and, along with this, the recognition of that
+infiniteness of our own nature which enables us to conceive of and
+aspire to such an aim.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Joy is a light which those who possess are bound to keep burning
+brightly for the sake of others as well as for their own sake. Every
+pure joy in the world is so much pure gain.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Cold and bare is youth without the glow of generous idealism.
+Con<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_11" id="page_11">{11}</a></span>temptible is middle age without the sense of definite attachments
+and the willing acceptance of limitations. And ungracious and unlovely
+is old age if it be not illumined by the light of contemplation, if it
+be not fruitful in counsel.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Every vocation, even the lowliest, which we pursue in a spirit of entire
+sincerity, is a means of acquiring culture. The artisan may be, in his
+way, as truly a cultivated man as the artist or the scholar, for by
+culture I understand insight gained into all manner of activities
+through genuineness and thoroughness in one. To be cultivated is to see
+things in their relations.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Our daily avocation, whatever it be, if we cling to it closely enough,
+is sure to engender in us a new respect for reality, a new humility.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>To put forth power in such a<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_12" id="page_12">{12}</a></span> way as to be provocative of power in
+others is the ethical aim that should guide men in all vocations and in
+all their relations.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>This fair earth, with its fir-clad hills, its snowy mountains, its
+sparkling seas, its azure vaults, and the holy light of the stars, is
+but a painted screen behind which lurks the true reality.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The beauty of this earth and all that is precious and great in this
+human life of ours is but a hint and a suggestion of an eternal
+fairness, an eternal rightness.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We need something of the virility of stoicism to grapple with the
+difficulties of life; we need to cultivate a large patience; an humble
+spirit that teaches us to be prepared for every loss, and to welcome
+every joy as an unlooked-for gain. There are a thousand pleasures in
+little things which<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_13" id="page_13">{13}</a></span> we, with the petulance of children, daily spurn,
+because we cannot have all we ask for.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The question, Is life worth living? implies a species of blasphemy. The
+right question to ask is: Am I worthy of living? If I am not, I can make
+myself so. That is always in my power.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>At bottom, the world is to be interpreted in terms of joy, but of a joy
+that includes all the pain, includes it and transforms it and transcends
+it.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The Light of the World is a light that is saturated with the darkness
+which it has overcome and transfigured.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_15" id="page_15">{15}</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_14" id="page_14">{14}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_16" id="page_16">{16}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_17" id="page_17">{17}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="RELIGION" id="RELIGION"></a>RELIGION</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">Religion</span> is a wizard, a sibyl. She faces the wreck of worlds, and
+prophesies restoration. She faces a sky blood-red with sunset colours
+that deepen into darkness, and prophesies dawn. She faces death, and
+prophesies life.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Religion has been so eager to supply us with information concerning the
+universe outside of us, its origin and its destiny, because our life is
+linked with that of the universe, and our destiny is dependent on the
+destiny of the universe.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The dependence of man on outside forces which he cannot control is the
+point of departure of religion.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It is the moral element con<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_18" id="page_18">{18}</a></span>tained in it that alone gives value and
+dignity to a religion, and only in so far as its teachings serve to
+stimulate and purify our moral aspirations does it deserve to retain its
+ascendency over mankind.</p>
+
+<p>“There is a time to act for the Lord by breaking his commandments” was a
+saying current among the ancient Hebrews. This means there is a time to
+act for religion by protesting against what passes for religion; there
+is a time to prepare the way for a larger morality by shattering the
+narrow forms of dogma whereby the progress of morality is hindered.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Ethical religion can be real only to those who are engaged in ceaseless
+efforts at moral improvement. By moving upward we acquire faith in an
+upward movement, without limit.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The symbols of religion are ciphers of which the key is to be found<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_19" id="page_19">{19}</a></span> in
+moral experience. It is in vain we pore over the ciphers unless we
+possess the key.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>To understand the meaning of a great religious teacher we must find in
+our own life experiences somewhat akin to his. To selfish, unprincipled
+persons whose heart is wholly set on worldly ends, what meaning, for
+instance, can such utterances have as these? “You must become like
+little children if you would possess the kingdom of heaven;” “You must
+be willing to lose your life in order to save it;” “If you would be
+first you must consent to be last.” To the worldly-minded such words
+convey no sense whatever; they are, in fact, rank absurdity.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Of the origin of things we know nothing, and can know nothing.
+Perfection does not reveal itself to us as existent in the beginning;
+but as<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_20" id="page_20">{20}</a></span> something that ought to be, something new which we are to help
+create. Somehow the secret of the universe is hidden in our breast.
+Somehow the destinies of the universe depend upon our exertions.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The Infinite, from which comes the impulse that leads us to activity, is
+not the highest Reason, but higher than reason; not the highest
+Goodness, but higher than goodness.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There is a city to be built, the plan of which we carry in our heads, in
+our hearts. Countless generations have already toiled at the building of
+it. The effort to aid in completing it takes, with us, the place of
+prayer. In this sense we say, “<i>Laborare est orare</i>.”</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The essential faith is the product of effort and is sustained and
+clarified by effort.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>What is the way to get a<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_21" id="page_21">{21}</a></span> religion? We know, at all events, what cannot
+be the way. It cannot be to prostrate our intellects before the throne
+of authority; to bind the Samson within us, the human mind, and deliver
+him into the hands of the Philistines; to abjure our reason. Whatever
+religion we adopt must be consistent with the truths with which we have
+been enriched at the hands of science. It may be
+ultra-scientific&mdash;indeed, it must be; but it may not be anti-scientific.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>But, on the other hand, we need to be equally warned against expecting
+too much from the intellect. One cannot attain religion merely by
+trying, in his closet, to think out the problems of the universe.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It is a mistake to approach the subject of religion from the point of
+view of philosophy. All really religious persons declare that religion
+is,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_22" id="page_22">{22}</a></span> primarily, a matter of experience. We must get a certain kind of
+experience, and then philosophic thinking will be of use to us in
+explicating what is implicated in that experience. But we must get the
+experience first.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The undulatory theory would not help any one to know what light is who
+had never seen light, and the chemical formula for water would not help
+any one to know what water is who had never tasted it. To know light one
+must see it; to know water one must taste it. So, too, philosophy will
+not help any one to know what religion is.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The experience of religion is not reserved for the initiated and elect,
+it is accessible to every one who chooses to have it.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The experience to which I refer is essentially moral experience. It may
+be described as a sense of sub<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_23" id="page_23">{23}</a></span>jection to imperious impulses which urge
+our finite nature toward infinite issues; a sense of propulsions which
+we can resist, but not disown; a sense of a power greater than
+ourselves, with which, nevertheless, in essence we are one; a sense, in
+times of moral stress, of channels opened by persistent effort, which
+let in a flood of rejuvenating energy and put us in command of
+unsuspected moral resources; a sense, finally, of the complicity of our
+life with the life of others, of living in them in no merely
+metaphorical signification of the word; of unity with all spiritual
+being whatsoever.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>A religion which is to satisfy us must be a religion of progress. But we
+must be progressive ourselves if we are to have faith in progress. We
+must be constantly developing if we are to have faith in unbounded
+further<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_24" id="page_24">{24}</a></span> development. And especially we must be progressing in a moral
+direction.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We should acquire the habit of taking stock from time to time of our
+moral possessions, of keeping faithful count of our net gains and
+losses. Do we, for instance, possess more fortitude, or less, in
+encountering unavoidable pain? Are we in better or worse control of our
+passions, of our tempers? Alas, that many of us, as we grow older,
+become more fretful and irascible, a greater trial and burden to our
+surroundings. Are we more broadly charitable in our judgment of others;
+more ready to make allowance for their faults, to bear with their
+shortcomings? Are we more or are we less devoted to the public ends of
+humanity? Does our idealism turn out to have been a mere ebullition of
+optimistic youth, a mere flash in the pan? Or does it grow<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_25" id="page_25">{25}</a></span> wiser and
+warmer with the years? Does it burn with a steadier glow? Are we
+learning resignation, renunciation? It is by an honest answer given to
+such questions as these that we may decide whether we are progressing or
+retrograding.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>When we have reached a certain stage of culture, genuine gratitude and
+the verbal expression of it are inconsistent. We can say thanks for the
+little gifts, the lesser favours. But when the gift is great, and the
+debt exceeding heavy, when we are full to overflowing with gratitude,
+then the words die upon our lips, and the only way to show our gratitude
+is by the use we make of the benefits we receive. For this reason, among
+others, the verbal expression of thanks to the Infinite Being in the
+form of prayer has always seemed to me a kind of desecration.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_26" id="page_26">{26}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Because the Hebrew view of life is essentially the ethical view,
+therefore we still go back to the writings in which this view was first
+promulgated, and delight in them, as we do in no other scriptures in the
+world.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>All of us are spiritually the heirs of the Hebrew prophets, including
+among them Jesus, the greatest of their number.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There are moral traits in all religions, but, as a rule, they are
+subordinated. Morality is subordinated to <i>beauty</i> and <i>harmony</i> in the
+Greek ideal. It is the accompaniment and consequence of <i>order</i> in the
+Confucian scheme. It is but one form of the <i>brightness</i> of things, as
+opposed to darkness and evil, in Zoroastrianism. But to the Hebrew
+thought, moral excellence is the supreme excellence to which every<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_27" id="page_27">{27}</a></span>
+other species of excellence is tributary.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The Hebrew religion and its descendants are the only ethical religions,
+strictly speaking, because in the Hebrew religion the moral element is
+constitutive and sovereign.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>That the moral “ought” cannot be explained as the product of physical
+causation, is the greatest contribution which the Hebrew people have
+made to the religious and moral history of mankind.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>A new Easter Day will come for mankind, when a race of religious
+teachers shall arise, who will be consecrated for their work by a more
+adequate training and a deeper moral enthusiasm, whose word will again
+be mighty as of old to inform the conscience of nations, and who shall
+carry the glad tidings of a higher life to the ends of the earth.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_29" id="page_29">{29}</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_28" id="page_28">{28}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_30" id="page_30">{30}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_31" id="page_31">{31}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="IMMORTALITY" id="IMMORTALITY"></a>IMMORTALITY</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">The</span> dead are not dead if we have loved them truly. In our own lives we
+can give them a kind of immortality. Let us arise and take up the work
+they have left unfinished, and preserve intact the treasures they have
+won, and round out, if possible, the circuit of their being to the
+fulness of an ampler orbit in our own.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>They that have left us are not afar; their presence is near and real, a
+silent and august companionship. In still hours of meditation, in the
+stress of action, in the midst of trials and temptations, we hear their
+voices whispering words of cheer or warning, and our deeds are, in a
+sense, their deeds, and our lives their lives.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_32" id="page_32">{32}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>So does the light of other days still shine in the bright-hued flowers
+that clothe our fields. So do they who have long since been gathered
+into the silent city of the dead still live in the deeds we do for their
+sake, in the earnest effort we put forth toward greater rectitude,
+patience, purity, under the influence of their unforgettable memories.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The conservation of moral energy is in a certain sense as true as the
+conservation of mechanical energy. We are not dust merely that returns
+to dust; we are not summer flies that bask in the sunshine of a passing
+day; we are not bounded in our influence by the narrow boundary of our
+years.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In aspiring to noble ends, the soul takes on something of the greatness
+of that which it truly admires.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The evident disparity between virtue and happiness has led men to<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_33" id="page_33">{33}</a></span> take
+refuge in the thought of compensation hereafter, and the necessity of a
+future state in which the good shall be rewarded and the evil punished
+has been deduced from the very inequities and moral inconsistencies of
+our present experience. The argument in this specific form is worthless,
+but it is based, nevertheless, upon a capital truth&mdash;the truth, namely,
+that our moral ideal is destined to be realised, though we may not know
+<i>how</i> it will be realised.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Vast possibilities suggest themselves to us of an order of existence
+wholly different from all that we have ever known; a gleam reaches the
+eye, as it were, from a far celestial land, and the crimson dawn of a
+Sun of Truth appears, to which the splendours of our earthly mornings
+are as obscurity.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_35" id="page_35">{35}</a></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_34" id="page_34">{34}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_36" id="page_36">{36}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_37" id="page_37">{37}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="MORAL_IDEALS" id="MORAL_IDEALS"></a>MORAL IDEALS</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">As</span> the light of morning strikes now one peak and then another, some
+being illuminated while others are in the shadow, so the light of the
+essential moral principle shines now upon one duty and then upon
+another, while others are in the shadow.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Let us religiously set apart times and seasons in which to gather up the
+fruits of action and to experience the reactions which should follow on
+action. The most valuable of these fruits is just the intensified
+appreciation of the disparity existing between our achievements and the
+goal, the clearer vision of the goal, the sublimer and truer conception
+of it.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In order to join vigorously in<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_38" id="page_38">{38}</a></span> the moral work of the world I must
+believe that somehow the best I can accomplish will endure, will leave
+its trace on things, will aid the final consummation.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>What is needed above all else, is to find a more secure basis for
+morality, now that the theological basis has slipped away; to rekindle
+the belief in the ideal, to bring into new prominence the unchanging
+truths, and to discover the new truths which men need for their moral
+guidance.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It is said that we live in order to make the world better, but this
+phrase is ambiguous. Often it is used as referring merely to an increase
+of the sum of human pleasure. And this would be an aim by no means
+comparable in grandeur and sublimity to that which Religion in the past
+has set up.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We live to unfold the unmani<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_39" id="page_39">{39}</a></span>fested potentialities of the universe, so
+far as they are latent in man, who, as far as we know, is the highest
+product of the universe. We live to enhance mentality and morality in
+the world. A developed mentality and morality will of itself cure the
+evils of poverty, and ignorance and sin. It may bring pleasure in its
+train, or may not bring it&mdash;it matters not. Not the fool’s paradise of
+ease and enjoyment, but the heightened mentality and morality is the
+aim.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral ideal in its simplicity is all-sufficient. Its native charm
+can derive no added splendour from the drapery of creeds. Its severe
+beauty needs no factitious embellishment of myth and legend. The
+conviction that this is so has long been cherished by solitary thinkers.
+We should endeavour to spread it among the people. The hope of a perfect
+society is enter<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_40" id="page_40">{40}</a></span>tained vaguely. We should seek to lift it into the
+clear light of consciousness as the one commanding end of human
+endeavour, the supreme object of reverence and devotion.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Day by day there are triumphs to be won over the passion that stirs in
+our breasts; over the rising anger that sears our lips; over the
+turpitudes that defile our hearts; over the spirit of impatience and
+mutiny that threatens the authority of our reason. By such triumphs we
+are raised above our baser selves, and the fire which consumes our
+grosser natures, like the flaming chariot of Elijah, bears us living
+into a higher world.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>To those who take part with all their heart and all their might in the
+struggle, there comes, at last, a great peace, a purified gladness.
+Gladness, in some instances, springs from a natural buoyancy of
+temperament,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_41" id="page_41">{41}</a></span> and is quite consistent with shallowness and
+superficiality of character. In other cases it is coincident with the
+swift flow of the currents of the blood, and ceases when the stream
+flows more slowly and begins to stagnate. Or it is due to gifts which an
+exceptional good fortune showers into the laps of favoured mortals.
+Gladness of this sort comes with happiness and departs with it.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>But the purified gladness of which I speak is not dependent on these
+accidents. It is the mark of the ripest wisdom, and is based on the
+conviction, gained through experience, that life is worth living, that
+the victory is assured, and that the ends we pursue are of such
+excellence as to be incapable of ultimate defeat.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral ideal would embrace the whole of life. In its sight nothing is
+petty or indifferent. It touches<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_42" id="page_42">{42}</a></span> the veriest trifles and turns them
+into shining gold. We are royal by virtue of it, and like the kings in
+the fairy tale, we may never lay aside our crowns.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral order never is, but is ever becoming. It grows with our
+growth.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We call him a hero who maintains himself, single-handed, against
+superior numbers. We call him a master-horseman who sits a fiery and
+vicious steed, guiding him at will. And in like manner, we call him a
+moral hero who conquers the enemies within his own breast&mdash;and we admire
+and revere the soul which can ride its own passions and force them into
+obedience to the dictates of reason.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The legend of St. Christopher, who undertook to carry the Christ-child
+on his shoulders across a stream, is applicable in a wider sense to us
+all. The deeper he entered into the water<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_43" id="page_43">{43}</a></span> the heavier became the burden
+which he had assumed so lightly in the beginning, until it pressed upon
+him like a mountain, and he threatened to succumb beneath its weight.
+Such likewise is the case of him who, in the sanguine days of youth, has
+assumed the moral task of reforming himself, or others. The deeper he
+enters into the stream of life the heavier becomes the burden, and there
+is no salvation for him unless his strength increases in proportion as
+the load increases.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Do not court temptation. You cannot know whether you will be strong
+enough to resist it. But prepare yourself to deal valiantly with those
+temptations that are sure to come to you unsought, especially if you are
+a “live” man.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The marks of evil upon the soul are like the lines left by the glaciers<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_44" id="page_44">{44}</a></span>
+of the ice-age on the ancient rocks. The glaciers have retreated, the
+ice-age has past, a warmer climate has succeeded, but the marks remain.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Morality does not mope in corners, is not sour or gloomy. It loves to
+convert our meanest wants into golden occasions for fellowship and happy
+communion.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral ideal seeks to influence and interpenetrate the most ordinary
+affairs of private life.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral view of politics teaches us to hold the idea of country
+superior to the utilities of party, to exact worthiness of public
+servants, and to place the common good above the interests of particular
+classes.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral view of commerce bids the merchant put conscience into his
+wares and dealings and keep steadily in sight the larger purposes of
+human welfare.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_45" id="page_45">{45}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral view of the professions leads their representatives to
+subordinate the claims of ambition and of material gain to the enduring
+interests of science, of justice, and to all the permanent social
+interests that are confided to their keeping.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The purpose of man’s life is not happiness, but worthiness. Happiness
+may come as an accessory; we dare never make it the end.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We shall find men who are in the best sense successful in the miserable
+tenements of the poor.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>An exalted type of morality is achieved by him who renounces in spirit
+the opportunities which he lacks, who accepts his limitations, and who,
+under the most trying circumstances, does not remit his efforts, no
+matter how insignificant may be their result, to promote the good.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>An exalted type of morality is<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_46" id="page_46">{46}</a></span> displayed by aged men who, with weakened
+frames and energies impaired, are yet resolved to die in harness.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>An exalted type of morality is displayed by those who, cut off from the
+opportunities of culture, and from most of the pleasures and comforts of
+existence, yet nourish, under the ashes of disappointed hopes, the
+feeblest remaining spark of the spiritual life, because they believe it
+to be a spark from an imperishable fire, even from that undying flame
+which burns at the heart of things, and which is destined to grow
+brighter and brighter as time rolls on.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There was once a teacher who had many pupils. Some of these he placed in
+a garden and bade them cultivate flowers, and said to them: “Fail not to
+bring your fairest flowers<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_47" id="page_47">{47}</a></span> to me.” But they became so much absorbed in
+the delights of the garden, as to forget entirely the master who had
+placed them there.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Others of his pupils he admitted to his library, and gave them access to
+many volumes rich in learning, and bade them ponder these stores of
+wisdom and bring the fruit of their reflections to him. But they also
+became wholly engrossed in their occupations.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>And, again, there was a third company of pupils, whom he selected to be
+the dispensers of the hospitalities of his household. He bade them
+preside over his feasts, and entertain the guests as they arrive&mdash;“Only
+forget not,” he said, “to bring the guests at last to me.” But these,
+too, became wholly interested in their pleasures, and forgot the master
+and his charge.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_48" id="page_48">{48}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>But there were other pupils, whom, for an inscrutable reason, the master
+appointed to the hardest sort of service. He made them door-keepers to
+admit others into the festive halls, while they themselves were
+compelled to remain without in the cold. He commanded them to be hewers
+of wood and drawers of water, and to carry heavy burdens all day long.
+But, behold! these poor drudges constantly thought of him. The very
+repulsiveness of their tasks made them think of him. Loyalty to their
+master alone kept them faithful to their tasks. And so those who seemed
+at the greatest distance from him were really nearest to him in their
+thoughts. They could bring him, it is true, neither flower nor book,
+they could only tell him of the heavy loads they had borne, of the hard
+labour they had performed in the service of his<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_49" id="page_49">{49}</a></span> entire household, and
+of their implicit obedience to his will.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In the great Academies of the Middle Ages there were four faculties,
+from at least one of which a student must graduate before he could claim
+the title of Doctor, or “Learned One.” So likewise in the great
+university of life there are four faculties, each having at its head a
+great professor. The name of one professor is Poverty; of another,
+Sickness; of another, Sorrow; of the last, Sin. In one of these
+faculties we must be inscribed; the searching examination of one of
+these teachers we must pass before we can obtain our degree as Learned
+in the Art of Life.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Of most persons it may, perhaps, be said, without exaggeration, that
+they have a feeling of duty rather than a knowledge of it. When a
+certain situation presents itself they<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_50" id="page_50">{50}</a></span> tend to act in a certain way,
+but they cannot clearly state the principle or rule which determines
+their action. The business of the moral teacher is to clarify, to
+classify, and to enrich the content of the conscience.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We cannot demonstrate the existence of disinterested motives. The sole
+fact that we demand unselfishness in action assures us that the standard
+of enlightened self-interest is false. And, indeed, if we consult the
+opinions of men where they are least likely to be warped by sophistry,
+we shall find that disinterestedness is the universal criterion by which
+moral worth is measured. If we suspect the motive we condemn the act.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_51" id="page_51">{51}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_52" id="page_52">{52}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_53" id="page_53">{53}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="LOVE_AND_MARRIAGE" id="LOVE_AND_MARRIAGE"></a>LOVE AND MARRIAGE</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">Love</span> is the expansion of two natures in such fashion that each includes
+the other, each is enriched by the other.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Love is an echo in the feelings of a unity subsisting between two
+persons which is founded both on likeness and on complementary
+differences. Without the likeness there would be no attraction; without
+the challenge of the complementary differences there could not be the
+closer interweaving and the inextinguishable mutual interest which is
+the characteristic of all deeper relationships.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In the companionship of marriage our worth is tested. In that close and
+intimate relationship faults<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_54" id="page_54">{54}</a></span> are inexorably laid bare, and virtues
+become doubly resplendent.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The fairest tribute that can be paid to a wife by a husband is that the
+love she inspires becomes stronger and deeper in the lapse of time; that
+nearness serves to heighten respect, and familiarity to enhance
+affection; and that each year, as it passes, but adds another gem to her
+crown as a wife and mother.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The spiritual quality of love transfigures the passions, transforms the
+fleeting fancy into a constant and growing attachment, the passing
+romance into a story without end the interest of which never flags.
+Unity of life is the keynote of love; the continuous blending of two
+into one lends to love its noble beauty, its divine significance.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Marriage is fundamentally holy because it is the foundation of homes.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_55" id="page_55">{55}</a></span>
+All the humanities have their origin in the home. All the virtues draw
+from it their nourishment. The human race is distinguished from the rest
+of the creation by the possession of homes.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The home is not built of brick and stone. It is a “temple not raised
+with hands.” A man may live in a palace, furnished with all that wealth
+can afford or luxury invent. He may have at his command books, servants,
+troops of friends, and yet there may be a void in his life which tells
+him that he is homeless.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>And what is the home feeling&mdash;if we consider the partners of the wedded
+life for a moment, apart from their offspring? It is the blessed sense
+of safety that comes to him who feels that he is rooted in another’s
+affection, the sense of mutual protection, of mutual care and kindness,
+in<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_56" id="page_56">{56}</a></span> sickness and in health, in good and in evil fortune, in life and
+close to the gates of death. Where the wife is, there is the home; and
+where the husband is, on land or sea. Oh, what a glad feeling it is to
+have one’s own hearth! As the hearth gives warmth to the house, so
+marriage supplies an undiminishing inner warmth to those who partake of
+its blessings in the right spirit.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Marriage is the fountain upon which the tree of humanity depends for its
+life. If the fountain be pure, the tree will flourish and bear wholesome
+fruit. If the fountain be poisoned the tree must perish.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The god of Love is a jealous god. This does not mean that love should be
+wholly concentrated upon one person, but rather that the god of Love is
+jealous of anything in the heart that is not akin to love&mdash;jealous<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_57" id="page_57">{57}</a></span> of
+hate, jealous of meanness, jealous of low and sordid aims.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The love of husband and wife is an epitome of every other kind of love.
+There is included in it something of the same feeling that brothers and
+sisters entertain for each other. There is a maternal element in the
+wife’s feeling for the husband, and something of the fatherly spirit in
+the attitude of the husband toward the wife. And there is besides
+something more which is inexplicable and ineffable.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There are fundamental differences which distinguish the sexes in their
+mental and moral make-up, and marriage is designed to bring about the
+correlation of these differences, the mutual adaptation and
+reconciliation of them in a higher unity.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The present tendency to accentuate the qualities in which the sexes<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_58" id="page_58">{58}</a></span> are
+alike is a temporary reaction against unjust discrimination in the past
+in favour of men. The differences are more important than the
+similarities, and ere long they will again receive the preponderant
+attention which is due to them.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>One of the finest results of the further development of the human race
+will be the increasing differentiation of the sexes, leading to ever
+new, ever more complex, ever more exquisite reciprocal adjustments in
+the organisation of the wedded life.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The modern advocates of the elevation of women seem to be fundamentally
+mistaken in so far as they rely on the use of force&mdash;political or
+economic&mdash;for the attainment of their ends. Woman has secured her
+elevation in the past, and has immensely contributed toward moralising
+the human race, by precisely the opposite<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_59" id="page_59">{59}</a></span> method; namely, by teaching
+men that there are certain rights which they must respect, though these
+rights cannot be enforced; that there are certain rights which men must
+respect on penalty of losing their self-respect.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It is the voice of tradition, the voice of humanity, the conscience of
+mankind pregnant with implicit truths which it may be impossible ever to
+make wholly explicit, that speaks from the lips of wives and mothers.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>This I take to be the service which the wife can render the husband&mdash;she
+teaches him to submit to a law which is not sanctioned by force; and, in
+matters of the intellect, as well as of the character, she is his critic
+and his guide&mdash;not by a formulated code, but by the things she approves
+of or disapproves of.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The wife is just the one woman in the world who best performs for<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_60" id="page_60">{60}</a></span> her
+husband these high offices. She helps him to decipher his soul, to gain
+self-knowledge&mdash;the most difficult kind of knowledge, to discover what
+qualities are latent in him; she reads his defects in the light of his
+possible excellence; she spurs him on to his best performance; sustains
+him by her faith when he fails; and when he succeeds and gains the
+world’s applause helps him to rate it at its proper worth, and to aspire
+toward aims that rise beyond the common approbation. And the husband, in
+turn, renders a corresponding service to the wife.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Only those who are linked together in the lifelong companionship of
+monogamic marriage can thus serve one another. Apart from the interests
+of offspring, the spiritual interests of the wedded pair themselves
+demand that the union shall be a permanent one.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_61" id="page_61">{61}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We are not married on our wedding-day; on that day we do but begin to be
+married. The true marriage is an endless process, the perpetual
+interlinking of two souls while life lasts.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>A woman should be a home-keeper, but she should also go out from her
+home. She should take part in the struggle of society to create new and
+better conditions in politics, in social life, in religion. The real
+home-keeper should be in touch with the larger life of the world, in
+order that she may bring the breath of larger interests into her life,
+in order that she may open the windows of her house and let in the fresh
+breezes of the intellectual world around her. The finest, highest
+conception of a modern mother is that of one who trains the growing
+generation to take their places in the new world which<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_62" id="page_62">{62}</a></span> is at present in
+the making, and how can she do this unless she herself carries the new
+world in her heart, is receptive to the great ideas that are struggling
+to be, and comprehends them?</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Marriage is an estate in which we seek to help each other to solve the
+total problem of our lives. The attraction of the sexes, seen in the
+light of this conception, is glorified and transfigured. Marriage is an
+estate in which we charge ourselves, not only with the comfort and the
+happiness of another, but with the problem of the total spiritual
+destiny of another. And because we live in our influence, because our
+life is strongest and purest where our influence is most penetrating,
+therefore in the estate of marriage it is possible for us to attain a
+depth of spiritual development such as can be achieved in no other human
+relationship whatsoever.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_63" id="page_63">{63}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_64" id="page_64">{64}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_65" id="page_65">{65}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="HIGHER_LIFE" id="HIGHER_LIFE"></a>HIGHER LIFE</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">Let</span> us earnestly strive to ascertain in what direction our strength
+lies, in order that we may become still stronger, and at what points we
+are weak, in order that we may fortify them, to the end that we may
+obey, however partially, the greatest of the commandments, “Be ye
+therefore perfect.”</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In general, the higher life may be characterised as the life which
+postpones the private to the public good, which is swayed by principles
+rather than impulses, and which bears testimony to the reality of the
+supreme ideals.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Man is like a tree, with the mighty trunk of intellect, the spread<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_66" id="page_66">{66}</a></span>ing
+branches of imagination, and the roots of the lower instincts that bind
+him to the earth. The moral life, however, is the fruit he bears; in it
+his true nature is revealed.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It is the prerogative of man that he need not blindly follow the law of
+his natural being, but is himself the author of a higher moral law, and
+creates it even in acting it out.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The higher life includes not only such virtues as personal purity,
+truthfulness, and a forgiving spirit toward enemies, but also embraces
+our obligations toward the State. No one can be, in the full sense, a
+good man who is not a good citizen.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There is a difficulty in the way of teaching the higher life, due to the
+fact that only those who have begun to lead it can understand the
+meaning of it. Nevertheless, all men can be induced to begin to lead it.
+Though<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_67" id="page_67">{67}</a></span> they seem blind, their eyes can be opened so as to see. Deep
+down in every human heart is the seed of a diviner life, which only
+needs the quickening influence of right conditions to germinate.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It may be impossible for a man by merely willing it to add wings to his
+body, but it is possible for any man, by merely willing it, to add wings
+to his soul. This perennial miracle of the moral nature is capable of
+happening at any time.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>An ideal is a port toward which we resolve to steer. We may not reach
+it. The mere fact that our goal is definitely located does not suffice
+to conduct us thither. But surely we shall thus stand a better chance of
+making port in the end than if we drift about aimlessly, the sport of
+winds and tides, without having decided in our own minds in what<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_68" id="page_68">{68}</a></span>
+direction we ought to bend our course.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral law is the expression of our inmost nature, and when we live
+in consonance with it we feel that we are living out our true being.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The authority of conscience is founded on human nature itself. The
+imperative, which we cannot disown, comes from within. The distinction
+between right and wrong is as aboriginal as that between the true and
+the false. But whence shall we derive the strength to do the right and
+shun the wrong? What feelings are there which, in default of the hope of
+happiness and the fear of punishment in another world, and apart from
+the penalties of human legislation, shall sustain us in the struggle
+against evil? I believe that the fear of self-condemnation and the
+desire for self-respect can, by appropriate training,<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_69" id="page_69">{69}</a></span> be so
+strengthened as to serve our purpose. For what man is there among all
+our friends and acquaintances whose opinion we have reason so greatly to
+dread as the opinion of the man within the man&mdash;our own self, namely,
+sitting in judgment upon us?</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Among those who acknowledge the obligation of the moral law there are
+two classes&mdash;the class of moral bondmen and the class of moral freemen.
+Among the former belong those who recognise the particular moral
+commandments, but fail to recognise the unifying principle from which
+they flow; who see the satisfactions of which morality deprives them and
+the pains which it imposes, but fail to see the superior satisfactions
+to which obedience opens the way, and the ineffable peace that comes
+after the pain. Duty is a burden and a bondage to those who<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_70" id="page_70">{70}</a></span> fix their
+attention only upon the negative aspect of it. It is a source of
+exaltation, despite the sufferings with which it is complicated, to
+those who firmly keep in view the positive aspect of it.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The “great occasions,” morally speaking, are those that add to our
+strength by the very magnitude of the calls they make upon us, and that
+flatter our self-esteem by the dramatic incidents which are apt, at such
+critical moments, to attend the struggle against evil; but it cannot be
+too forcibly stated that the higher life, as a rule, must be led on the
+level of everyday existence, where the temptations to be resisted are
+commonplace and the petty details of duty seem to deprive the effort we
+put forth of all dignity and grandeur. Whether, under such
+circumstances, we shall be able to save our souls alive depends<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_71" id="page_71">{71}</a></span>
+entirely on our point of view, on our bearing in mind that no detail of
+conduct is petty if it serves to exemplify a great principle.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In seeking for the highest good I cannot separate my quest so far as it
+concerns myself from the same quest so far as it concerns others. On the
+way to the highest goal I must take my fellow-beings with me. For the
+higher life&mdash;the germ of which exists in every man&mdash;is adequately
+represented by no man. The one represents more adequately some
+particular aspect of it, another a different aspect of it. It follows,
+therefore, that no one can love the higher life unless he seeks to
+promote it in others as well as in himself. All the so-called duties
+flow from the principle of the unity and interdependence of humanity in
+their effort toward the attainment of their goal.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_72" id="page_72">{72}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The supreme ethical rule may be stated as follows: So act as to elicit
+the latent spiritual possibilities in others, and thereby in thyself.
+The aim definitely in view should be to influence others. Not one’s own
+interests, not even one’s own spiritual interests, should be in the
+foreground of consciousness. Yet we can in no wise draw out what is best
+in others without constantly renewing ourselves, making ourselves better
+fitted to exercise regenerative influence, and thus attaining the
+highest mental and moral growth of which we are capable. This, it seems
+to me, is the true harmonising of opposites, this the point of view that
+reconciles the ever-conflicting claims of individualism and altruism.
+Not the good of self as a thing apart is the aim, nor the good of others
+as a thing apart, but a higher, overarching good, to promote<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_73" id="page_73">{73}</a></span> which is
+alike the highest good of self and others.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>As light is light when it strikes on objects, so life is life when it
+smites on other life. We live truly in our radiations. We grow and
+develop in proportion as we help others to grow and develop.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The question of paramount importance, therefore, to be kept ever before
+the mind, is this: How, as a matter of fact, am I influencing the
+persons with whom I am in contact? How, as an employer, am I influencing
+my employés? How, as a citizen, am I influencing my fellow-citizens? How
+does the effect of my personality tell on wife and children and friends?
+Am I supremely interested in getting the best results out of the people
+with whom I am in touch? Am I helping them to make the most of
+themselves?<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_74" id="page_74">{74}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There are certain obvious marks of the higher life. One is Purity. This
+does not mean that the senses shall be suppressed, but that the inferior
+part of our nature shall be taken up into the superior, the senses
+wedded to the soul.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>A second mark of the higher life is Serenity, and there is perhaps no
+surer sign by which exalted natures can be known. To be serene under all
+circumstances whatsoever, even in moments of imminent peril, in times of
+sudden reversal of fortune, of grievous personal loss or of public
+calamity, is the unmistakable badge of moral ripeness. But is it
+possible to preserve one’s serenity in the supreme trials of life? It is
+possible, I should answer, if we have formed the habit of asking on
+every occasion. What is it right to do now? The habit of fixing our
+attention on how<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_75" id="page_75">{75}</a></span> we are to conduct ourselves, on what, in a given
+situation and quite apart from our feelings, it is right to do, steadies
+the pulse, clears the eye and preserves the tranquillity of the soul.
+And there is always something which it is right to do, even in the most
+desperate circumstances, if it be only to maintain our dignity as human
+beings, to keep up the drooping spirits of those around us, and to
+assist our weaker brethren to the last.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Another token of the higher life, which indeed is implied in the former,
+is the habit of taking what is called an objective or Impersonal View of
+our personal relations. This is especially important as helpful to
+self-control. We are at best but tyros in the art of living, so long as
+we continue to give effect in our dealings with others to our mere
+personal antipathies and sympathies. As soon as<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_76" id="page_76">{76}</a></span> we learn to speak and
+act medicinally, not from personal resentment or under the impulse of
+personal attraction, but with a view to promoting just the good in
+others, the whole atmosphere in which we breathe changes; a kind of
+perpetual sunshine illuminates our inner world, the clouds of hate and
+the mists of passionate feeling dissolve and peace reigns within the
+borders of the soul.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>A fourth token of the higher life is Wisdom. Wisdom is situated at the
+junction of the intellectual and the moral faculties. It consists in the
+highest use of the intellect for the discernment of the largest moral
+interests of humanity. It is the most perfect willingness to do the
+right combined with the utmost attainable knowledge of what is right,
+and with the clearest perception of what, in a given situation, is
+feasible. Wisdom<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_77" id="page_77">{77}</a></span> is the attribute of one who works toward the most
+sublime ends imaginable, but who at the same time realises the
+limitations due to existing conditions and who, free from impatience at
+the unavoidable imperfections of man’s estate, seeks to achieve the
+better as a step leading in the direction of the best. Wisdom consists
+in working for the better from the love of the best. The world is full
+of reformers who thunder at the gates of the Impossible, seeking to
+force an entrance, and who injure their causes, as well as themselves,
+by the inevitable reaction which ensues when their schemes are found to
+be impracticable. Wisdom teaches that it is possible to lead the higher
+life, even now.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>But the crowning grace of all is Humility, in the sense in which it
+implies and presupposes dignity.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_78" id="page_78">{78}</a></span> Dignity is based upon the
+consciousness of a divine element in human nature, of an infinite aim, a
+boundless destiny. Humbleness is due to a sense of the incalculable
+distance which still separates us from the goal. These two, inseparably
+combined, are the invariable accompaniment of moral greatness wherever
+met with. Self-righteousness and a cynical contempt of human nature on
+the other hand are the two chief enemies of moral progress. These
+monsters must be slain if we would hope to continue in the upward path.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The higher life cannot be attained without rigorous self-discipline, and
+self-discipline always involves pain, but the end in view is worthy of
+the sufferings we are called upon to endure, the prize is worthy of the
+price exacted of us.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_79" id="page_79">{79}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_80" id="page_80">{80}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_81" id="page_81">{81}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="SPIRITUAL_PROGRESS" id="SPIRITUAL_PROGRESS"></a>SPIRITUAL PROGRESS</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">By</span> what sort of experience are we led to the conviction that spirit
+exists? On the whole, by searching, painful experience. The rose
+Religion grows on a thorn-bush, and we must not be afraid to have our
+fingers lacerated by the thorns if we would pluck the rose. For
+instance, a person who endures great bodily suffering with fortitude
+will discover that there is something in him which physical agony cannot
+overcome, something not of the senses, which all the assaults of the
+senses are powerless to affect.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Why in this world of ours there should be so much suffering no one
+knows. But this we know; that, evil existing, the world being such as<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_82" id="page_82">{82}</a></span>
+it is, we can win from evil, if we choose, an inestimable good,
+namely&mdash;the conviction that there is in us a power not of the senses,
+the conviction that spirit exists, and exists in us.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>A sceptic may say that in a world ideally conceivable we might have
+secured this precious conviction without the necessity of undergoing the
+ordeal of pain. To which the reply is: that in a world ideally
+conceivable what he says may be true; but in the world as it is, with
+which alone we are concerned, we have ample cause for gratitude that we
+can turn suffering to such far-reaching account, that we can distil from
+the bitter root this divine elixir; that by manfully bearing the pains
+of the senses, inexplicable though they be, we are able to gain the
+certainty that a power not born of the senses exists in us, operates in
+us. It is this effect<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_83" id="page_83">{83}</a></span> of pain that accounts for the serenity and peace
+of many patient sufferers, a peace and a serenity which surround their
+bed of misery with a kind of halo.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The same is true of moral pain. The experience of Guilt, for instance,
+if it leads us to pitilessly honest self-scrutiny and self-judgment,
+will at the last disclose the marvellous fact that even in the most
+desperate cases there remains a part of our nature unspoiled by the
+guilt. We become aware of a power within us, to slough off the guilt as
+the serpent sloughs off its skin; to triumph over the evil we have done
+as well as over the evils we suffer. We realise that there is in us a
+fount of inexhaustible moral rejuvenation.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>What, then, are the compensations of Sin? In the first place, a truer
+insight into the moral order of the universe, a more adequate
+realisa<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_84" id="page_84">{84}</a></span>tion of the authority of those holy ordinances against which we
+have offended; and then the conviction that the soul can ever rise again
+by its own efforts. The tree may fall, but the root remains
+indestructible; the spring of moral endeavour may appear to be dried up,
+but there are hidden subterranean streams from which it can ever be fed
+anew.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The stages of the progress of mankind may be compared to a series of
+mountain ranges. First the foothills, then the higher hills, then
+mountain range on mountain range beyond them. As we gain the loftier
+eminences we see the snowy summits before us, touched by the light of
+the moral ideal, transforming themselves before our eyes into what
+appear to be the ramparts and the spires of the Golden City. We climb
+still higher, and the vision travels with us, lighting on<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_85" id="page_85">{85}</a></span> the next
+succeeding range. And so, on and on, as we ascend.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We live in our activities, in our influence. The success or failure of
+life is determined, not by our conditions, but by the effort we put
+forth despite our conditions. A man who, though himself poor, labours to
+keep alive the higher life in his fellows, to inspire them with the
+courage to strive for the better, and with patience to bear the evils
+which are for the time being unavoidable, is a spiritual hero and a
+nobler benefactor than many of the so-called benefactors who invade the
+slums.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>When human nature fights in the last ditch, when it is pressed against
+the wall, when the clutch of circumstances is about its throat and
+threatens to choke it, then human nature, by way of reaction, exhibits a
+power which we call spiritual. This is rarely<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_86" id="page_86">{86}</a></span> displayed in prosperous
+circumstances. It is the compensation of adversity that it elicits in
+manifold ways this spiritual power and makes man’s life in a spiritual
+sense a success.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_87" id="page_87">{87}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_88" id="page_88">{88}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_89" id="page_89">{89}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="SUFFERING_AND_CONSOLATION" id="SUFFERING_AND_CONSOLATION"></a>SUFFERING AND CONSOLATION</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">Let</span> the Stoics say what they will, so long as we remain human we shall
+always open our breasts to those warm loves that make the sweetness of
+existence, if also they make its bitterest pain.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It is written that the last enemy to be vanquished is death. We should
+begin early in life to vanquish this enemy by obliterating every trace
+of the fear of death from our minds. Then can we turn to life and fill
+the whole horizon of our souls with it, turn with added zest to all the
+serious tasks which it imposes and to the pure delights which here and
+there it affords.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There are hours of great loneli<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_90" id="page_90">{90}</a></span>ness, when the frost of desolation
+penetrates into the very soul, when the burden seems too heavy to bear,
+and the draught of life too bitter to swallow. But the very keenness of
+the ordeal begets the strength to bear it, and patience and unselfish
+resignation will come as with the rustling of angel’s wings to dry our
+scalding tears.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>When the light of the sun shines through a prism it is broken into
+beautiful colours, and when the prism is shattered, still the light
+remains. So does the light of life shine resplendent in the forms of our
+friends, and so, when their forms are broken, still their life remains;
+and in that life we are united with them; for the life of their life is
+also our life, and we are one with them by ties indissoluble.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>They say that it is a blessed relief in times of grief to shed tears.
+But a more blessed relief than to shed<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_91" id="page_91">{91}</a></span> tears is to wipe away the tears
+from others’ eyes.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In hours of great sorrow we turn in vain to Nature for an inspiring
+thought. We question the sleepless stars; they are cold and distant. The
+winds blow, the rivers run their course, the seasons change; they are
+careless of man. Only in the human world do we find an answering echo to
+our needs.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The body is incapable of supporting for longer than a few brief years
+the weight of the life that dwells within it. The vehicle cannot sustain
+the content. The instrument falls short of the demands upon it, and
+crumbles into ruins. But in its ruin it sets off, in tragic contrast,
+the grandeur of the power which, for a time, employed it for its uses, a
+power greater than itself, greater than any instrument, whose glory
+rises above<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_92" id="page_92">{92}</a></span> the ruins and gilds them with unearthly splendour in
+departing.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We are soldiers fighting a good fight. The call that awakens us out of
+despair in times of affliction is the trumpet-call of duty, summoning us
+back to the battle.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The experience of progress in the past, the hope of progress toward
+perfection in the future, is the redeeming feature of life; it is the
+one and only solace that never fails.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It is the nature of the noble and the good and the wise that they impart
+to us of their nobility and their goodness and their wisdom while they
+live, making it natural for us to breathe the air they breathe and
+giving us confidence in our own untested powers. And the same influence
+in more ethereal fashion they continue to exert after they are gone.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The condition of all progress is<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_93" id="page_93">{93}</a></span> experience. We go wrong a thousand
+times before we find the right path. We struggle, and grope, and hurt
+ourselves until we learn the use of things, and this is true of things
+spiritual as well as of material things. Pain is unavoidable, but it
+acquires a new and higher meaning when we perceive that it is the price
+humanity must pay for an invaluable good.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The consolations of the moral ideal are vigorous. They do not encourage
+idle sentiment. They recommend to the sufferer action. Our loss, indeed,
+will always remain loss, and no preaching or teaching can ever make it
+otherwise. But the question is whether it shall weaken and embitter, or
+strengthen and purify us, and lead us to raise to the dead we mourn a
+monument in our lives that shall be better than any pillared chapel or
+storied marble tomb.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_94" id="page_94">{94}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The criterion of all right relations whatsoever is that we are helped by
+them. And so, too, the criterion of right relations to the dead is that
+we are helped, not weakened and disabled, by them. Does the remembrance
+of our departed beloved ones have this effect upon us? Does it make us
+better and purer men and women than we should otherwise have been,
+stronger if not happier? Do they come to us as gentle monitors in silent
+hours of thought? Does their approving smile stimulate us to greater
+bravery for the right, to more earnest self-conquest? Does the pressure
+of their invisible hands guide us in the better way? If so, then truly
+blessed is their memory. Then will the pain which is associated with the
+thought of them gradually be diminished; the wild regrets, the
+unappeasable longings which, at times, assert<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_95" id="page_95">{95}</a></span> themselves gradually be
+pacified. Then will the bitter sense of the loss we have sustained be
+overborne by the consciousness of the treasure of their influence which
+still remains to us, and which can never be taken from us.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Activity is our great resource. To be active is to live. The glow that
+comes with activity supplies the heat that supports our mental and moral
+energies. Activity is the antidote to the depressions that lower our
+vitality, whether they come from physical or psychical causes.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Those whom we love are not given to us merely for our joy or our
+happiness. Their truest ministry consists in being to us revealers of
+the divine. They quicken in us the seed of better thoughts, help us to
+estimate rightly the things that are worth trying for and the things
+that are not<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_96" id="page_96">{96}</a></span> worth trying for; help us to become more equal to the
+standard of our own best insight, and grow into our truer selves. And
+this influence abides when they are gone.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Let us learn from the lips of death the lessons of life. Let us live
+truly while we live, live for what is true and good and lasting. And let
+the memory of our dead help us to do this. For they are not wholly
+separated from us, if we remain loyal to them. In spirit they are with
+us. And we may think of them as silent, invisible, but real presences in
+our households.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In a storm at sea when the peril is extreme, the captain lashes himself
+to the mast in order that he may bring the vessel safely through the
+raging seas. So, in times of great affliction, we should lash ourselves
+to the mast of the ship of life, by the cord of duty.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_97" id="page_97">{97}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The bitter, yet merciful, lesson which death teaches us is to
+distinguish the gold from the tinsel, the true values from the worthless
+chaff.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The terrible events of life are great eye-openers. They force us to
+learn that which it is wholesome for us to know, but which habitually we
+try to ignore&mdash;namely, that really we have no claim on a long life; that
+we are each of us liable to be called off at any moment, and that the
+main point is not how long we live, but with what meaning we fill the
+short allotted span&mdash;for short it is at best.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The wine of pleasure which once we quaffed so passionately, where is it
+now? The cup is empty and only the lees remain, and they are as wormwood
+to the taste. The flowers which we wove into chaplets at our feasts to
+wreathe ourselves withal, they are withered and noxious. But the good<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_98" id="page_98">{98}</a></span>
+deeds we have done, the nobler traits of character we have
+developed&mdash;these are imperishable.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>As in every battle, so in the great battle of Humanity, the fallen and
+wounded, too, have a share in the victory; by their sufferings they have
+helped, and the greenest wreaths belong to them.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We conceive of ourselves as somehow identical in being with those who
+are to come after us; for it is in the nature of spirit that its
+separate members, dispersed though they be in space and time, are still,
+in essence, one. So that we may say concerning those who come after us,
+and who will reap the benefit of our labours, that we ourselves shall
+attain to increasing perfection in them.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>All of us have felt after some great bereavement the beneficent
+influence of mere work. Even the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_99" id="page_99">{99}</a></span> mechanical part of our daily tasks
+affords us some relief. The knowledge that something must be done
+prevents us from brooding over our griefs, and forces us back into the
+active currents of life.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The resources of the intellect, too, stand us in good stead in times of
+trouble. The pursuit of knowledge is directed toward large impersonal
+ends: into the calm and silent realm of thought the feelings can gain no
+entrance. There, after the first spasms of emotion have subsided, we may
+find at least a temporary relief&mdash;there for hours we drink in a welcome
+oblivion. But mere plodding toil and mere intellectual preoccupation do
+not suffice, the discharge of the moral duties in the light of the moral
+perfection to which they point alone can really sustain and console us.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In alleviating the misery of<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_100" id="page_100">{100}</a></span> others our own misery will be alleviated;
+in healing there is cure.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>When we endure some heavy affliction we are apt to say, “Oh, there is no
+suffering like my suffering. There is no one who bears such a load as
+mine.” This is a mistake&mdash;the guilty suffer more than the afflicted.
+Better a thousand times death than shame. There are depths below depths,
+abysses below abysses.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Poverty, Sickness, Sorrow, and the experience of Sin are the great
+instrumentalities for moralising our natures. They are dark gateways
+through which we pass into a temple of light&mdash;into the innermost
+sanctuary of a truer life. Yes, for the guilty also there is consolation
+and redemption. “Come ye that are heavy laden unto me, no matter how
+heavily laden with sin,” says every religion, “and I will give you
+rest.” For those who<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_101" id="page_101">{101}</a></span> have transgressed the moral law realise more fully
+than others do the sublime majesty of the power which they have
+affronted. And in a sense greater than words can convey, those who have
+had the profoundest experience of guilt are more capable than others of
+a divine transfiguration of their natures.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We are not free to stand aside in idle woe, but should make for the
+departed a memorial in our lives and complete their half-completed
+tasks. The widowed wife shall be both mother and father to her children;
+the afflicted husband both father and mother to his children.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Faith in the sublime ideal of humanity is the saving faith that will
+work miracles to-day, as of old at Cana, that will change the waters of
+earth’s grief and misery into the wondrous wine of life and joy.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_102" id="page_102">{102}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Death and the dead should be associated with what is brightest and
+purest in Nature, with glorious sunsets, with the dawn of summer
+mornings, with the fragrance of Spring.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_103" id="page_103">{103}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_104" id="page_104">{104}</a></span>&nbsp; </p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_105" id="page_105">{105}</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ETHICAL_OUTLOOK" id="ETHICAL_OUTLOOK"></a>ETHICAL OUTLOOK</h2>
+
+<p class="c"><img src="images/fleuron1.png"
+alt=""
+/></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/><span class="smcap">The</span> right for the right’s sake is the motto which every one should take
+for his own life. With that as a standard of value we can descend into
+our hearts, appraise ourselves, and determine in how far we already are
+moral beings, in how far not yet.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The supremacy of the moral end of life above all other ends, the
+sufficiency of man for the pursuit of that end, the increase of moral
+truth to be expected from loyalty in this pursuit&mdash;these are the three
+tenets, if we may call them so, of an ethical creed.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The question what to believe is perhaps the most momentous that any one
+can put to himself. Our<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_106" id="page_106">{106}</a></span> beliefs are not to be classed among the
+luxuries, but among the necessaries of existence. They become
+particularly important in times of trouble. They are like the life-boats
+carried by ocean ships. As long as the sea is smooth and there is every
+appearance of a prosperous voyage, the passengers seldom take note of
+the boats or inquire into their sea-worthiness. But when the storm
+breaks and danger approaches, then the capacity of the boats and their
+soundness become matters of the first importance.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Ethical religion affirms the continuity of progress toward moral
+perfection. It affirms that the spiritual development of the human race
+cannot be prematurely cut off, either gradually or suddenly; that every
+stone of offence against which we stumble is a stepping-stone to some
+greater good; that, at the end of days, if we choose<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_107" id="page_107">{107}</a></span> to put it so, all
+the rays of progress will be summed and centred in a transcendent focus.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Religion is concerned with the foreign relations of mankind, that is to
+say, with our relations to the whole of outside nature. The mission of
+religion is to convince us that the foreign power is friendly. The
+non-ethical religions have represented the eternal outside power as
+manifesting its friendliness by warding off unhappiness and ministering
+to the temporal well-being of man. Ethical religion restricts itself to
+affirming that the eternal power assures the fulfilment of our moral
+aims. The non-ethical religions have based the belief that there is a
+higher power on the testimony of supernatural revelations. Ethical
+religion bases its belief solely upon the testimony of conscience, which
+declares that progress<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_108" id="page_108">{108}</a></span> ought to be achieved, hence inferring that it
+will be.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>That the moral obligation remains in force is the capital fact to which
+we must hold fast, no matter what may be our theories of life and the
+Universe. The recognition of this obligation, the hearty avowal of the
+supremacy of the moral end above all other ends of life, is the first
+article of a practical ethical creed.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There may be, and there ought to be, progress in the moral sphere. The
+moral truths which we have inherited from the past need to be expanded
+and re-stated.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In times of misfortune we require for our support something of which the
+truth is beyond all question, in which we can put an implicit trust,
+“though the heavens should fall.” A merely borrowed belief is, at such
+time, like a rotten plank across a<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_109" id="page_109">{109}</a></span> raging torrent. The moment we step
+upon it, it gives way beneath our feet.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Good deeds remain good, no matter whether we know how the world was made
+or not. Vile deeds are vile, no matter whether we know or do not know
+what, after death, will be the fate of the doer. We know, at least, what
+his fate is now, namely, to be wedded to the vileness.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The question for any one to decide, who hesitates between good and evil,
+is whether he aspires to be a full-weight man, or merely the fragment,
+nay, the counterfeit of a man. Only he who ceaselessly aims at moral
+completeness is, in the true sense, a human being.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>There is a universal element in man which he can assert by so acting as
+if the purpose of the Universe were also his purpose. It is the function
+of the supreme ordeals of life to<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_110" id="page_110">{110}</a></span> develop in men this power, to give to
+their life this distinction, this height of dignity, these vast
+horizons.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Life has ever seemed to me a task. It has its interludes of joy. But, on
+the whole, it is an arduous, often a desperately arduous task. I think
+of the dead as of those who have finished their task, who have graduated
+from this exacting school, who have taken their degree&mdash;and some of
+them, surely, with honour.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We need to feel that no effort is ever wasted, that no honest reaching
+out toward the good is vain, that the great All is pressing forward
+toward a transcendent goal. And there is but a single way to obtain this
+conviction. It is not possible to enter into the nature of the Good by
+standing aloof from it&mdash;by merely speculating upon it. Act the Good, and
+you will believe in it. Throw yourself<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_111" id="page_111">{111}</a></span> into the stream of the world’s
+good tendency and you will feel the force of the current and the
+direction in which it is setting. The conviction that the world is
+moving toward great ends of progress will come surely to him who is
+himself engaged in the work of progress.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>By ceaseless efforts to live the good life we maintain our moral sanity.
+Not from without, but from within, flow the divine waters that renew the
+soul.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The ethical element of religion has ever been its truly vital and
+quickening force. It is this which lends such majesty to the speeches of
+the Prophets, which gives such ineffable power and sweetness to the
+words of Jesus. Has this ethical element become less important in our
+age? Has the need of accentuating it become less imperative?<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_112" id="page_112">{112}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>To-day, in the estimation of many, science and art are taking the place
+of religion. But science and art alike are inadequate to build up
+character and to furnish binding rules of conduct.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We need also a clearer understanding of applied ethics, a better insight
+into the specific duties of life, a finer and a surer moral tact.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>It is the business of the preacher, not only to state moral truths, but
+to inspire his hearers with a realising sense of their value, and to
+awaken in them the desire to act accordingly. He can do this only by
+putting his own purpose as a yeast into their hearts. The influence of
+the right sort of preachers cannot be spared. The human race is not yet
+so far advanced that it can dispense with the impulses that come from
+men of more than average intensity of moral energy.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_113" id="page_113">{113}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Let us produce, through the efficacy of a better moral life and of a
+deeper moral experience, a surer faith in the ultimate victory of the
+good.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Let us found religion upon a basis of perfect intellectual honesty.
+Religion, if it is to mean anything at all, must stand for the highest
+truth. How then can the cause of truth be served by the sacrifice, more
+or less disguised, of one’s intellectual convictions?</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>To those who are longing for a higher life, who deeply feel the need of
+religious satisfactions, we suggest that there is a way in which the
+demands of the head and the heart may be reconciled. Religion is not
+necessarily allied with dogma, a new kind of faith is possible, based
+not upon legend and tradition, not upon the authority of any book, but
+upon the moral nature of man.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_114" id="page_114">{114}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Theologians often say that faith must come first, and that morality must
+be deduced from faith. We say that morality must come first, and faith,
+to those whose nature fits them to entertain it, will come out of the
+experience of a deepened moral life as its richest, choicest fruit.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Precisely because moral culture is the aim, we cannot be content merely
+to lift the mass of mankind above the grosser forms of evil. We must try
+to advance the cause of humanity by developing in ourselves, as well as
+in others, a higher type of manhood and womanhood than the past has
+known.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>To aid in the evolution of a new conscience, to inject living streams of
+moral force into the dry veins of materialistic communities is our aim.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We seek to come into touch with the ultimate power in things, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_115" id="page_115">{115}</a></span>
+ultimate peace in things, which yet, in any literal sense, we know well
+that we cannot know. We seek to become morally certain&mdash;that is, certain
+for moral purposes&mdash;of what is beyond the reach of demonstration. But
+our moral optimism must include the darkest facts that pessimism can
+point to, include them and transcend them.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>To give to actual life the formal poise and finish of a work of art is
+the tendency of those who see in learning and beauty the highest end of
+human endeavour. It is a tendency the value of which as an element of
+wisdom cannot be denied; but it cannot, on the other hand, be said that
+it is “the religious teaching which is proper to our time.” The
+watchword “culture” we may indeed adopt. But there is needed the
+qualifying prefix “ethical” to give it a practical direc<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_116" id="page_116">{116}</a></span>tion and a
+higher than the merely æsthetic connotation.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We should teach our children nothing which they shall ever need to
+unlearn; we should strive to transmit to them the best possessions, the
+truest thought, the noblest sentiments of the age in which we live.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The moral ferment that has worked from the beginning in human nature is
+active still. To-day it is manifest in the great social problems that
+agitate our age, demanding a higher justice, if they are to be solved,
+threatening social disruption if they are met in the hard spirit of
+selfish greed, while promising a fairer future than the world has yet
+seen if dealt with in wisdom and forbearance.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The frontier of the higher life is everywhere contiguous to the common
+life, and we can cross the border at any moment. The higher life is<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_117" id="page_117">{117}</a></span> as
+real as the grosser things in which we put our trust. But our eyes must
+be anointed so that we may see it.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The office of the religious teacher is to be a seer, and to make others
+see, and thus to win them into the upward way.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>They have not grasped the whole truth who see in the sympathetic side of
+human nature, in the tender and amiable impulses of the heart, the
+well-spring of our moral judgments. These gentle qualities&mdash;pity,
+tenderness, sympathy&mdash;are the sweet, younger sisters of Virtue; but
+Virtue herself is greater than they.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We should seek to free the moral life from the embarrassments and
+entanglements in which it has been involved by the quibbles of the
+schools and the mutual antagonisms of the sects; to introduce into it an
+element of downrightness and practical ear<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_118" id="page_118">{118}</a></span>nestness; above all, to
+secure to the modern world, in its struggle with manifold evil, the boon
+of moral unity, despite intellectual diversity.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>In order to improve ethics as a science it is necessary to fix attention
+on the moral facts, to collect them, to bring them into view, especially
+the more recondite facts.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>Many of us stumble, not because we lack the desire to do what is right,
+but because we fail to discern what the right is.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>I believe in the supreme excellence of righteousness; I believe that the
+law of righteousness will triumph in the universe over all evil; I
+believe that in the attempt to fulfil the law of righteousness, however
+imperfect it must remain, are to be found the inspiration, the
+consolation, and the sanctification of human existence.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_119" id="page_119">{119}</a></span></p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We live in order to finish an, as yet, unfinished universe, unfinished
+so far as the human, that is, the highest part of it, is concerned. We
+live in order to develop the superior qualities of man which are, as
+yet, for the most part latent.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The test of genuine moral culture is to be found in the attention we pay
+to the oft-neglected details of conduct; in the extent to which we have
+formed the habit of asking, What is it right to do in those little
+things which yet are not little?</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>The thought of the brevity of life is the prod that spurs us on to the
+achievement of our task; it is like the blast of a bugle from the walls
+of a fortress that warns us to make haste lest the gates be closed
+against us.</p>
+
+<p><img src="images/fleuron2.png"
+alt=""
+/>We are to go out as teachers among the people, discarding the
+limitations imposed by the theologies<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_120" id="page_120">{120}</a></span> of the past, and holding up the
+moral ideal, pure and simple, as the human ideal, as the ideal for all
+men, embracing all men, binding on all men&mdash;the ideal of a perfect
+society, of a society in which no men or class of men shall be mere
+hewers of wood and drawers of water for others; in which no man or
+woman, or class of men or class of women shall be used as tools for the
+lusts of others, or for the ambitions of others, or for the greed of
+others; in which every human life, the life of every man and woman and
+child, shall be esteemed a sacred utterance of the Infinite.</p>
+
+<p class="fint">THE END</p>
+
+<hr />
+<p class="c"><small>WATTS AND CO., PRINTERS, JOHNSON’S COURT, FLEET STREET, E.C.</small></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Life and destiny, by Felix Adler
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+</body>
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author	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-02-08 09:03:50 -0800
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