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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5abbc90 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #62225 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62225) diff --git a/old/62225-0.txt b/old/62225-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 273c4f1..0000000 --- a/old/62225-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1307 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Battlefield Church, Salop, by W. G. Dimock -Fletcher - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Battlefield Church, Salop - - -Author: W. G. Dimock Fletcher - - - -Release Date: May 25, 2020 [eBook #62225] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLEFIELD CHURCH, SALOP*** - - -Transcribed from the 1889 Eddowes’s Shrewsbury Journal Offices edition by -David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org - - [Picture: Public domain book cover] - - - - - - BATTLEFIELD CHURCH, - SALOP. - - - An Historical and Descriptive Sketch: - TOGETHER WITH - SOME ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF SHREWSBURY, - AND - FOUNDATION of THE COLLEGE OR CHANTEY. - BY THE - REV. W. G. DIMOCK FLETCHER, M.A., F.S.A., - VICAR OF ST. MICHAEL’S, SHREWSBURY. - - * * * * * - - SHREWSBURY: - EDDOWES’S SHREWSBURY JOURNAL OFFICES, - 1889. - - [Picture: Battlefield Church] - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The following pages were written, at the request of the Incumbent of -Battlefield, with the object of giving to the numerous visitors to -Battlefield Church some historical and descriptive notices of that -venerable fabric, together with a brief account of the Battle of -Shrewsbury, and of the foundation of the College. They are reprinted, -with a few corrections and additions, from _Eddowes’s Shrewsbury -Journal_, in which they first appeared. - -The writer has consulted Owen and Blakeway, Dugdale, Dukes, Brookes, and -other well-known authorities; but ventures to think that some hitherto -unknown facts, which have been brought to light through researches at the -Public Record Office and Public Libraries, will be found here given for -the first time. He has in view a History, on a larger scale, of this -most interesting College and Church, and will be grateful for any -additional documents or items of information relating thereto. - -_February_, _1889_. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - PAGE -Battlefield Church 1 -The Battle of Shrewsbury 2 -Relics of the Battle 7 -Foundation of the Church and Chantry 8 -Roger Ive’s Will 10 -Dissolution of the College 12 -Description of the College, temp. Edward VI. 13 -The Seal of the College 14 -Masters of the College 15 -Description of Battlefield Church 15 - Its Dimensions 15 - The Tower 16 - The Windows 17 - The Bells 19 - Our Lady of Pity 19 - The New Vestry 21 - The Corbet Monument 21 -The Restorations of 1749 and 1861 22 -The Vicarage House 24 -Incumbents of Battlefield 24 -Illustrations 26 - - - - - -_BATTLEFIELD CHURCH_, _SALOP_. - - - BY THE REV. WM. GEO. DIMOCK FLETCHER, M.A. - F.S.A., VICAR OF ST. MICHAEL’S, SHREWSBURY. - -Battlefield Church owes its foundation to the success achieved by King -Henry IV. at the battle of Shrewsbury. That prince, who as Duke of -Hereford had been banished in 1398 for ten years by Richard II., returned -to England in the following year, on the death of his father, John of -Gaunt ostensibly to claim his estates which the King had seized. He was -joined by the Percies, Nevills, and other barons, and marched towards the -west of England. Bristol having been captured, and the King shortly -afterwards made prisoner, Henry avowed his design of seizing the crown, -the Duke of York supporting him. Accordingly, the King was compelled to -sign a deed of renunciation to the crown, and a parliament was summoned -to meet at Westminster 30 Sept. 1399, at which Richard’s cession was read -and approved, and the sentence of deposition solemnly passed, and the -estates of the realm forthwith consented that Henry should reign over -them. Although Henry’s claim to the throne was ridiculous, as opposed to -that of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, who was not only great-grandson -of Lionel of Antwerp, but his father Roger Mortimer had been as far back -as 1385 declared by the King presumptive heir to the throne, still this -revolution and elevation of Henry IV. to the throne was a national act, -and the Lancastrian Kings must not therefore be considered as usurpers. -The inhabitants of Shrewsbury, and of the county of Salop generally, -assented to Henry’s accession “most joyfully, with their most entire will -and heart,” as their own words, preserved on the Rolls of Parliament, -show. - - - - -THE BATTLE OF SHREWSBURY. - - -The Percies, we have seen, strongly supported Henry IV. on his first -landing in England, and cordially assisted him in the events which led to -his becoming king. Their friendship, however, was not of long duration. -A variety of causes led to the formidable rebellion, which culminated in -the battle of Shrewsbury. In July, 1402, the Scots invaded England, but -were defeated by Henry Percy (called “Hotspur”), at Homildon Hill, on -September 14th, and the Earl of Douglas and other nobles were taken. -King Henry issued a writ eight days later, forbidding the Earl of -Northumberland to dispose of his prisoners; and this was one cause of -offence. They may too have been offended at Henry’s refusal to allow -them to treat for the liberation of their kinsman, Sir Edmund Mortimer, -uncle to the young Earl of March, from the hands of Owen Glyndwr; and -they may have relented at the part they had acted against King Richard. -Probably meaner motives actuated them, for King Henry left them to -conduct the Welsh and Scottish wars on their own resources, and Henry -Percy complains in a letter dated 26th June, 1403, remaining among the -Privy Council Records, that “£20,000 and more” was owing to himself and -his father on that account; their claim was left unpaid. The winter of -1402 was spent by the Percies in strengthening their party. They entered -into a treaty with Owen Glyndwr, the Welsh chieftain, who, with -remarkable success, had taken up arms against the English, and had -repelled three formidable armies led by the king in person, for the -overthrow of Henry IV. Historians have usually treated this insurrection -as having been set on foot to dethrone King Henry, and to restore Richard -II. if alive, or if dead to place Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, upon -the throne of England. - -The Earl of Northumberland was ill, and remained at Berwick; but his son, -Henry Percy (Hotspur), with the Earl of Douglas and a great army, early -in July, 1403, set out on his long march for Shrewsbury, where he had -arranged to meet Glyndwr. He passed through Cheshire, where his army was -reinforced by a number of the gentlemen of that county, who had always -been attached to the memory of Richard II., and came to Stafford, where -his uncle, the Earl of Worcester, joined him. - -Percy’s army probably marched from Stafford, and entered Shropshire on -its eastern side, passing through Newport by High Ercall and Haughmond -Hill, and so arrived at Shrewsbury some time on the evening of the 19th -July. They marched down the Castle Foregate, but finding that the king -had only a few hours before entered the town, and seeing the royal -standard floating over the Castle, Percy withdrew his forces to the -Bull-field, an extensive common, which stretched from Upper Berwick to -the east. - -King Henry was at Burton-on-Trent, with an army which he had assembled -against the Welsh, when he heard of the confederates’ hostile movements, -and immediately marched towards Shrewsbury. On the 17th he was at -Lichfield, and taking the Watling St. Road, he probably entered the town -on the 19th over the English Bridge. By this course he secured the -passage of the Severn, and prevented Owen Glyndwr, who had advanced with -his forces to Oswestry, from crossing the river and effecting a junction -with Percy. - -Percy is said to have slept on the evening of the 19th at the mansion of -the Bettons at Upper Berwick, on the site where Mr. Edgerley’s residence -now stands. Tradition says that he cut the outline of his hand on a -panel with a pen-knife, and a wise woman prophesied that the Bettons -should retain their estate so long as they kept the panel. The Bettons -are said to have lost the panel in the present century, and they have -parted with their estate also. - -As the king had nothing to gain by delay, it was clearly his interest to -fight before Glyndwr could bring up his forces, and especially as his -army was superior in numbers to Percy’s. And so it seems probable that, -early on the morning of the 20th July, he sent a body of troops, under -the nominal command of Prince Henry, then 14 years old, to come up with -Percy at Upper Berwick, if possible; whilst he himself with the main body -marched along Castle Foregate and the Hadnall Road, ready to proceed, -either towards Upper Berwick and so hem Percy in between his two -divisions, or to intercept his retreat should he attempt to march to the -east. Percy broke up in some disorder, and marched by Harlescot and -Albright Hussey to Hateley-field, probably with the intention of -retreating through Hodnet and Market Drayton northwards, but finding a -retreat impracticable in the face of a superior force, no course remained -for him but to turn at bay and fight. - -Percy accordingly marshalled his forces, posting a portion of them behind -a field of peas, in order to afford some obstacle to the royal attack. -They were chiefly stationed on the north side of the present Church, in a -field called the Hateleys. Tradition says that Percy called for his -favourite sword, but being told that it was left behind at Berwick, of -which village he had not till then learned the name, he turned pale and -exclaimed, “I perceive that my plough is drawing to its last furrow, for -a wizard told me in Northumberland that I should perish at Berwick, which -I vainly interpreted of that town in the north.” - -The king’s forces were divided into two columns, of which he commanded -one in person, and entrusted the other to his son. The field on the east -of the church is called the King’s Croft, and here perhaps were ranged -the troops which the king himself commanded. - -When the armies were drawn up, facing each other, waiting for the signal -to begin, the Abbot of Shrewsbury left the royal army and came to Percy, -in the hope of effecting peace between the two parties. On behalf of the -king he offered pardon to Percy and his adherents, if they would lay down -their arms, and a redress of grievances. The stern temper of the Earl of -Worcester however rejected all attempts at conciliation; and both sides -flew to arms. The two armies were not equal in numbers. Percy had -14,000 men, including a large force of Cheshire archers. The royal array -was probably nearly double that number; for 40,000 men are said to have -been engaged in the battle. - -The battle commenced by a fierce discharge of arrows on both sides, and -raged with violence. Percy, with the Earl of Douglas and some thirty -others, in the heat of the battle, bent on the king’s destruction, -valiantly forced their way into the centre of his forces. At one period -Henry’s van was broken, his standard overthrown; his son Prince Henry was -wounded in the face by an arrow; Edmund, Earl of Stafford, Sir Walter -Blount, and three other persons armed like the king, were slain; and the -king himself was unhorsed, and likely to be slain, had he not been -withdrawn from danger by Dunbar, the Scottish Earl of March. At an -important moment, Henry brought up his reserve, which seems to have -turned the scale; and Percy himself was killed by an unknown hand, either -by a spear, or by an arrow which pierced his brain, alone, and surrounded -by his foes. The king at once took advantage of this, and shouted aloud, -“Henry Percy is dead;” and the insurgent forces gave way and fled in -every direction. The battle had lasted three hours. - -On Henry’s side, 3,000 are said to have been wounded, and about 1,600 -slain, including Edmund Earl of Stafford, Sir Hugh Stanley, Sir John -Clifton, Sir John Cokaine, Sir Nicholas Gausel, Sir Walter Blount, Sir -John Calverley, Sir John Massey, of Puddington, Sir Hugh Mortimer, Sir -Richard Sandford, and Sir Robert Gausel. On Percy’s side the loss of -those slain in the battle or pursuit has been estimated at 5,000, -including Sir John Massey, of Tatton, and 200 knights and gentlemen of -Cheshire. The Earl of Worcester, Sir Richard Venables, and Sir Richard -Vernon, were taken prisoners, and beheaded on the 21st at the High Cross -at Shrewsbury. Worcester’s head was set up over London Bridge; his -headless body is conjectured to have been buried in the Leyburnes’ tomb -in the chapel of the Holy Trinity in St. Mary’s Salop. Percy’s body was -at first decently interred by his kinsman Lord Furnival; but was -afterwards taken up, and placed for public exhibition between two -millstones near the pillory in Shrewsbury, and then beheaded and -quartered, and portions sent to several towns in England. - -The dead were buried in a large trench or pit made on the field of -battle, near the spot where the church was afterwards built. Many years -ago, when a drain was made to carry off the wet from the Corbet vault in -the small close lying on the north side of the chancel, the workmen cut -through large masses of human bones. Many others, some in leaden -coffins, were found lying underneath the flooring of the church, when it -was being restored, about 1860. No doubt numbers of the slain were -interred in other fields and meadows in the neighbourhood. Many persons -of note, who perished in the battle, were interred at the Augustine -Friars and Friar-preachers in Shrewsbury. - -A few fragments of armour, spurs, and other relics, have been from time -to time dug up on the site of the field of battle, but in comparatively -small quantities. At Sundorne Castle are preserved two helmets and -several cuirasses, swords, pikes, &c. Mr. Pountney Smith possesses a -cast-iron cannon-ball, about three inches in diameter, and weighing -nearly 4lbs; and another gentleman residing in Shrewsbury has a sword. -Grose in his _Military Antiquities_ gives an engraving of a bill, or more -probably a gisarme. Two shields were ploughed up in the year 1823. - -In the field on the south side of the church are a number of mounds and -ditches. Are these earthworks connected with the field of battle, or are -they foundations of the college buildings, or mounds for the burial of -those slain in the battle, or are they merely old gravel-pits? The -matter is worth investigation. - -Owen Glyndwr is said to have been unable to ford the Severn and join -Percy, owing to the waters being swollen. Tradition makes him to have -ascended the branches of a lofty oak at Shelton, whose venerable trunk -still remains, and there to have waited the issue of the battle. Another -account states that he was at the time besieging Caermarthen, and was not -near Shrewsbury. - -The battle of Shrewsbury was one of the decisive battles in the history -of England. Had Percy been successful, and the King defeated, the -Lancastrian dynasty would probably not have occupied the throne of -England. What turn the course of events would then have taken, it is -impossible even to conjecture. Henry’s victory established the -Lancastrian dynasty on the throne for nearly 60 years. - - - - -FOUNDATION OF THE CHURCH AND CHANTRY. - - -The battle of Shrewsbury was fought on the vigil or eve of St. Mary -Magdalene, Saturday, 21st July, 1403; and the place where it was fought -has ever since been called Battlefield. In gratitude for, and in -commemoration of this victory, the present church of Battlefield was -erected, and dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, and a college of secular -canons was formed to serve it. Its erection has often been ascribed to -Henry IV., but the real founder of the church was Roger Ive, priest, of -Leaton, rector of Fitz in 1399, and of Albright Hussey from 1398 to 1447, -and a staunch Lancastrian. - - [Picture: Battlefield Church about 1750] - -The site on which the church was built was given by Richard Hussey, Esq., -of Albrighton Hussey, who on the 28th October, 1406, obtained license -from King Henry to assign to Roger Yve and John Gilberd, chaplains, in -frankalmoign, two acres of land in Albrighton Hussey, lying in a certain -field called Hayteleyfeld, in which a battle was fought between the king -and Henry Percy, lately his adversary deceased, to celebrate divine -service daily in a certain chapel there, to be by them newly built, for -the king’s salvation during his life, and after his death for his soul, -and for the souls of his progenitors and of those who were slain in the -battle and were there buried, and for the souls of all the faithful -departed. - -The church was accordingly at once begun, and it seems to have been -completed, at least sufficiently for divine service to be performed, in -March, 1408–9, when the king, by letters patent, founded and established -the church into a perpetual chantry of eight chaplains, one of whom was -to be master; the said master and chaplains to be capable of acquiring -lands; and he further endowed the Chantry with the advowson of the church -of Michaellskirke, in Lancashire. In August, 1409, the receiver of -Tutbury was commanded to deliver a quantity of lead to cover the new -chapel. Before February, 1409–10, Roger Ive surrendered the land and -chapel into the hands of the king; from whom in March or May, 1410, he -received a new and fuller grant of the same, in which the said piece of -land is described as being enclosed by a ditch, and containing in length -and breadth two acres, together with two inlets and outlets, one -extending in length from Hadenallestone directly upon land of Richard -Hussey and the said piece of land, and containing in breadth 20 feet, and -the other in length from Harlascotelone directly upon land of the said -Richard, and containing in breadth 20 feet. The king established the -chapel of St. Mary Magdalene into a perpetual Chantry of six chaplains, -of which Roger Ive and his successors, rectors of the chapel of St. John -Baptist at Albright Hussey, were to be masters, and Richard Hussey and -his heirs patrons. He endowed it with the advowsons of Michaellskirke in -Lancashire, St. Andrew of Iddesale (or Shiffnall), and the free royal -chapel of St. Michael within the Castle Salop, to which the chapel of St. -Juliana of Salop was appurtenant or appendent. And he granted to Ive -freedom from tenths, fifteenths, subsidies, &c.; and that he and his -successors should have a fair at the Chantry each year on the feast of -St. Mary Magdalene. John Repynton had been warden of St. Michael’s with -St. Julian’s, but resigned these into the hands of King Henry V., in May -1417. - -The above Charter of 27th March (or May) 1410, was practically the -Foundation Charter of the Chantry, and it was confirmed by Henry V. on -the 17th June, 1414, by Henry VI. on the 17th November, 1425, and by -Henry VII. on the 29th June, 1485. Ive himself received a general pardon -from Henry VI. in October 1424; and in December 1445 had license for -himself and his co-chaplains quietly to celebrate divine service without -fear of arrests, fines, amerciaments, &c. - -Roger Ive’s will, which is dated 13th October, 1444, contains the -regulations and ordinances for the chantry or college. By it, he directs -his body to be buried in a stone tomb near the high altar. He bequeaths -to the five chaplains three chalices, a paxbrede, two cruets, three brass -bells hanging in the belfry, three crosses, and a number of books and -vestments. The chaplains were to dwell in the mansion already built -there, and were to dine and sup together, and not in their own rooms. -They were not to leave the college by night or by day without the -master’s leave, under a penalty of 3s. 4d. They were each to swear and -perform obedience to their master, and were to receive a stipend of eight -marcs a year apiece, and two more for praying at every mass for the -testator, and keeping his obit annually. They were to pray for the souls -of Henry IV. and V., founders of the college, of Richard Hussey, senior, -the first patron, and Isolda, his wife, of John Hussey, Richard Hussey -the father of Richard Hussey then living, and Thomas Hussey, of Roger -Ive, the first master and his parents, of William Howyke of Pountfret and -Sir Thomas Kyrkeby, chaplains, and for the souls of all the faithful -departed slain in the field of Battlefield, and there buried. Minute -directions are given as to the services to be performed. The alms from -indulgences granted to the college were to be expended about the building -and work of the belfry, and when this was finished, then for the -sustentation of the poor in the college, and repair of their alms house. -Besides the advowsons before mentioned, he leaves them the profits of the -Chapel of Dadele (Dawley), the town and grange of Aston, and the Chapel -of Forde. - -We have not much information extant about the college during the 150 -years of its existence. - -In 1445, Roger Ive seems to have prosecuted before the barons of the -exchequer a claim to exemption from taxation in respect of all the -benefices belonging to the college. The Bishop of Hereford certified -that Ford was an appurtenance of St. Juliana, Salop. The parishioners of -Ford seem to have complained that the college neglected to provide for -divine service there; and the Lord Chancellor wrote a letter between 1440 -and 1443 to the Bishop of Lichfield about this neglect, and desiring him -to remedy it, which is preserved in the Bishop’s Registers at Lichfield. - -A few years later the college claimed all the tithes of Derfald, which -they alleged belonged to them as possessors of St. Michael’s. Long -before, however, in Henry II.’s reign, Haghmond Abbey had purchased a -portion of Derfald. Accordingly an agreement was come to in 1462 between -Haghmond Abbey and the college, by which the Abbey was to receive the -tithes of the grange and of all lands etc. of Derfald, between the great -close of Cowlande, and the great slade jointly to the wood of Pimbeley, -called Darrerisden. - - - - -DISSOLUTION OF THE COLLEGE. - - -The College or Chantry of Battlefield continued for nearly 150 years, and -divine service was no doubt duly celebrated by the chaplains, as directed -by the foundation charter, and the will of the first master. - -In 1534 an Act was passed, which gave the first-fruits and tenths to the -king; and the Master of the College duly made a return of the annual -value of the property belonging to the college, which consisted of lands -in Aston near Shiffnal, and the tithes of St. Michael de Wyre, Idsall, -Dawley, St. Julian Salop, Ford, and Albright Hussey, besides certain -offerings, the total annual value then being £56 1s. 4d. Payments to the -ministers of St. Julian and Idsall, and procurations, &c. came to £1 19s. -6d. The balance, amounting to £54 1s. 10d., being divisible amongst the -master and chaplains, the master receiving £34 1s. 10d. and the five -chaplains £4 apiece. The King’s tenth came to £5 8s. 2¼d. - -In 1545 all chapels and chantries were given to the King. The -possessions of the college were declared to be of the yearly value of £8 -15s., and the house unlet was valued at 10s. a year. There were 12 oz. -of plate, and some other goods. The Church was stated not to be a parish -church, but to be within the parish of Albrighton Hussey. On Edward -VI.’s accession to the Throne, the Lands belonging to the chantries were -given to the Crown. The certificate then made by Sir Geo. Blount, Knt., -states the net revenues to be of the value of £44 8s. 8d., of which the -master received £19 6s., and 4 chaplains £5 6s. 8d. apiece, and the goods -to be worth 13s. 4d. - -The college was then dissolved, and the property sold to various -purchasers. The site of the college, and cottages or booths near erected -for the market there, the chapel and tithes of Albright Hussey, the -tithes of Harlescot, and the Rectory of St. Julian’s were sold to John -Cupper and Richard Trevor in 1550; land at St. Michael on Wyre to John -Pykarell and John Barnard, and to Richard Palladye; and Aston near -Shiffnal to Tho. Sydney and Nicholas Halswell. - -The College is thus described in the _Particulars for Grants_ made -_temp._ Edward VI.:— - - “The mansion or site of the said late College, with all houses - edifices one dovecote one garden and two orchards within the said - site and precinct, late in the tenure of the master and combrethren - of the same late College; besides 2s. 4d. from the rent of a chamber - called the Curates Lodging assigned and reserved to the procurator - there, now in the tenure of Edward Shorde curate, valued and assessed - by the Commissioner of our Lord the King there at 17s. 8d. per - annum.” - - “Certain Cottages or lez Bothes built upon land of Richard Hussey - near the site of the said late College, placed there only in market - time, with the outgoings tolls and other profits arising annually in - the time of a market held there on the Feast of the Blessed Mary - Magdalene, worth per annum 21s. 4d.” - - “The same was given for certain yearly obits to be kept with the said - late College. There be no woods upon any the premises.” - -The Commissioners left Edward Shorde, one of the chaplains, to serve the -church, with a chamber or lodging; and the following goods to carry on -the services, a return of which was made in August, 1553,—3 bells, 2 -great and a sanctus bell, 2 vestments, 2 altar cloths, a chalice with a -paten parcel gilt weighing 10 ounces, a pair of small laten candlesticks, -and a pair of cruets. - -Albright Hussey Church having probably long before this fallen down, -Battlefield Church became now, though without any definite settlement, -practically the parish church for the old parish of Albright Hussey, and -it has so continued ever since. - - - - -THE SEAL OF THE COLLEGE. - - -Dukes, in his _Antiquities of Shropshire_, gives an engraving of the -College Seal. It represents the Blessed Virgin crowned, the Child in her -right hand, in her left a palm branch. On the dexter side a Shield of -Arms, Quarterly France and England. On the sinister side, a chevron -engrailed between three birds. Over each shield a sword erect. The -legend being,—“S. Commune-Domini. Rogeri. Ive. primi. magistri. et. -successorum. suorum. Collegii. Beatæ. Mariæ. Magdalenæ. juxta. Salop.” -This was probably the first seal of the College. - -Roger Ive, in 1444, complains that it had been fabricated, and orders a -new Seal for the College,—In the centre, the image of the Holy Trinity, -with the image of S. Mary Magdalene on the dexter side, and of S. John -Baptist on the sinister side, at their feet the image of Roger Ive -kneeling. The legend to be the same as before. I do not know that any -impression of this second Seal has been preserved. - - - - -MASTERS OF THE COLLEGE. - - -The following is an imperfect list of the Masters or Wardens of the -College:— - -Roger Ive, of Leaton; rector of Fitz 1399, and of Albright Hussey 1398 to -1447; first master. - -Roger Phillipps, living in 1463, and 1480. - -Adam Grafton, LL.B., 1490 and 1509; chaplain to Edward V. and Prince -Arthur; vicar of St. Alkmund’s, Salop, 1473 to 1489; rector of Upton with -Withington 1494; canon of St. Chad’s 1494; prebendary of Lichfield 1497; -archdeacon of Salop 1504 to 1514; archdeacon of Stafford; dean of St. -Mary’s Salop; died 24 July, 1530; buried at Withington, where a brass -represents him as vested in a cope, and in an act of prayer. He erected -or completed the tower of Battlefield Church in 1503. - -John Hussey, 1521. - -Humphrey Thomas, 1525 and 1530. - -John Hussey, admitted 18 Oct., 1535; aged 40 in 1549; last master. - - - - -DESCRIPTION OF THE CHURCH. - - -Battlefield Church was, as we have seen, doubtless erected in the years -1407 and 1408, excepting the tower, which was completed a century later. -It is entirely of the perpendicular style of architecture, with the -exception of one window on the north side of the church and two on the -south side which have reticulated tracery in their heads. The church is -not, strictly speaking, divided into nave and chancel, as is usual in -parish churches, but consists of one covered space only, and is uniform -in its character throughout. - -The length of the nave and chancel inside is 94 feet, and of the tower 18 -feet; the breadth of the nave is 28 feet, and of the tower 14 feet; the -total length outside being 119 feet, and the breadth 33 feet. - -On the South side of the church was the cemetery or burial ground, -formerly enclosed by a stone wall which came up to the church, at its -south east and south west corners, and had an exit at the west end. The -dimensions of the cemetery are given in one of the _Morris MSS._ in the -Salop Free Library as follows,—length 126 feet, breadth 80 feet, -including the church; from the east end of the church to the ditch, 57 -feet; from north to south between the ditch, 222 feet; width of the -ditch, 22 feet. This stone wall, which was probably coeval with the -church, was taken down at the restoration in 1862. The church and -college originally stood in an oblong space enclosed by a moat, which may -still in places be traced. - -The tower is about 100 years later than the rest of the church, and was -completed by Adam Grafton, master of the college, in 1503. His initials -and the date, A.G. 1503, occur on a shield on the east side of the tower. -Roger Ive by his will in 1444, left directions as to certain alms being -accumulated for the building of the belfry; and the funds may have been -thus raised. The tower has eight pinnacles, which were mostly replaced -in 1862. It is surmounted by an embattled parapet of equal intervals, -with plain cappings. Just below the battlements, is a handsome carved -frieze or border, enriched with diamond shaped ornaments and quatrefoils. -On the west it has two windows, and one on the east, north, and south -sides. Over the higher of the west windows, in the middle of the frieze, -is an escutcheon bearing an animal, apparently a lion rampant passant; -and over the east window is an escutcheon having on it the inscription -A.G. 1503. The second floor of the tower is furnished with a fireplace, -having a chimney formed within the thickness of the wall, and opening -outside the western window of the bell chamber. Exterior buttresses are -built at the corners of the tower, and a square projection on its -south-east corner has a spiral staircase to the top. The tower is not -placed at right angles to the body of the church. The break in the -stonework at its eastern wall, the comparative rudeness of the mouldings, -the absence of a second plinth mould to the base, and the coarse -treatment of the angle buttresses at their lower weatherings, all bear -out the statement that the tower is a hundred years later than the body -of the church. - -The church was probably all of one pace originally, and no division made -between nave and chancel externally. The exterior, between the windows, -is supported by handsome stone buttresses. And it seems clear that there -never was any clerestory. - -With the exception of the three already referred to, the windows are all -of the perpendicular style, though in some of them there are evidences of -a lingering fondness for the flowing lines of decorated tracery. Some of -the windows have the dripstones terminating at the bottom with plain -returns, others with representations of human heads. The three windows -with reticulated tracery in their heads, one on the north and two on the -south side, are in style a century earlier than the rest of the windows. -How can they be accounted for? One theory is that the church was -designed by an architect from France, where the decorated style remained -longer than in England. Another, and more probable, theory is that they -were brought from the neighbouring church of Albright Hussey, which, -judging from the window mouldings in the fragment that remains, was of -14th century architecture, and was probably suffered to fall into decay -when Battlefield Church was built. - -The east window is of five lights, and has handsome perpendicular -tracery. The present stained glass in it is modern, and represents our -Lord led out to crucifixion, followed by the women, the home at Bethany, -Mary wiping Christ’s feet, the women at the Sepulchre, and the Risen Lord -appearing to Mary,—all scenes in the history of St. Mary Magdalene. -Above are the Evangelists and four greater Prophets. The old stained -glass represented the decollation of St. John Baptist, and was probably -brought from Albright Hussey church, which was dedicated to that saint. -When the church was undergoing its first restoration in 1749, this glass -was taken down, and entrusted to the care of a neighbouring farmer, who -suffered his children and servants to destroy it, so that when it was to -be replaced only a few fragments could be found. These were inserted in -the window, much injured and dilapidated, and contained, amongst other -designs, two crowned heads, a human head in a dish, a chalice and wafer, -the crucifixion, some escutcheons of arms, and an inscription commencing -“Orate pro animabus Rogeri . . . hujusce capellani . . . .” These -fragments at the second restoration in 1862 were carried away to Prees -Church, and some portions to the ante-chapel at Sundorne Castle. - -The stained glass in the vestry, not of any high artistic merit, was not -originally in the church, but was brought from France by the Rev. A. J. -Pigott, and placed in the vestry. - -Outside the church, immediately over the East window, is a niche, -surmounted by a canopy, in which stands the statue of Henry IV., about -half life-size, crowned, with a dagger hanging on his left side, and his -right hand grasping a sword. - -On each side of the exterior of the chancel, near the East end, are -dripstones, as if intended for the arch of a window, carried up nearly to -a point. No window ever was thrown out in either place; and probably the -architect’s intention may have been to add small side chapels at some -future time. - -At the dissolution of the college, two great bells and a sanctus bell -were left. These bells are traditionally said to have been carried off -to Berrington or Wroxeter in the last century. In 1861 the only bell -went to St. Mary’s, Shrewsbury. The present bell is modern, and was cast -by Naylor, Vickers and Co. in 1861. - -The three sedilia with plain gothic arches, and the piscina adjoining, on -the south side of the altar, are original. - - [Picture: Our Lady of Pity with the dead Christ in her lap] - -In the chancel is a seated figure of “Our Lady of Pity,” the blessed -Virgin with the dead Christ in her lap. This is said to have been -brought here from Albright Hussey. It is 3ft. 9in. high, and carved out -of a block of oak hollowed behind. The execution of the image is good, -and it is probably of 14th century work. It was formerly seated in the -westernmost of the three sedilia. There was formerly another figure, -that of a man, in one of the other sedilia, but it was destroyed at the -first restoration of 1749. - -Some fragments of the original roof still remain, worked up into the -present chancel roof. The corbels at the spring of the roof trusses, -some of foliage, but mostly of heads, are original and are well carved. -Outside are a few of the original gurgoyles, though most were placed -there in 1861. - -The nave is entered by a doorway under the tower, which was reopened out -in 1861. There are also doors on the north and south sides of the nave, -the latter formerly leading into the cemetery; and on the north and south -sides of the chancel, the former leading into the vestry, the latter, -which formerly communicated with a priest’s chamber, being now bricked up -and the organ placed over it. - -Above the south chancel doorway, over the organ, nearly up to the roof, -is a small square aperture now bricked up, which communicated with an -outer priest’s chamber, and enabled its occupants to see inside the -church. On the south side of the church, near the second bay from the -eastern end, between the second and third buttresses may be seen some -masonry, the foundations of a building which was three storeys in height, -the upper storeys being approached by a circular staircase, of which the -foundations still remain. The lowest storey opened directly into the -church by the doorway now bricked up. From the upmost storey the little -square window opened into the church. On the buttresses may be seen some -projecting pieces of masonry, which supported the topmost storey; over -the doorway may be seen against the wall a projecting support for the -middle storey. These little rooms were probably only about 9ft. square, -and were for the accommodation of the priests whilst on duty at the -church. - -A modern screen divides the choir from the nave. Round the church are -fixed a number of shields bearing the arms of those knights and others -who fell in the battle. - -The font is modern, though a portion of the ancient font was lying in the -tower in the year 1856, and a second font was erected in 1749 probably -and taken away in 1861. - -The vestry, or strictly speaking the Corbet mortuary chapel, was erected -in 1861 over the place of interment of the family of Corbet of Sundorne -Castle and Pimley. The Corbets are the patrons and proprietors of -Battlefield. - -On the north side of the chancel is a large and handsome monument erected -in December 1821, to the memory of John Corbet, Esq., and several members -of his family. John Corbet died 19 May 1817, aged 65 years; Emma -Elizabeth, his first wife, and daughter of Sir Charlton Leighton, Bart., -died 19 September, 1797; Annabella, wife of Sir Theodore Henry Lavington -Brinckman, Baronet, and daughter of John Corbet, Esq., died 24th January, -1864, aged 61. Several other of this family are also named on this -monument, and lie buried in the vault, which was made in August 1797. - -A brass, mounted on jasper, affixed to the south wall of the tower, -commemorates the restoration of 1861. It bears this inscription:—“This -church, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, was built and endowed by Henry -IV. in memory of the battle of Shrewsbury 1403. Having fallen into -decay, its restoration, originated by public subscription, was finally -completed in the year of Our Lord 1861, at the private cost of Annabella, -wife of Sir Theodore Brinckman, Bart., according to plans prepared by -Pountney Smith, Architect. Soli Deo Gloria.” - - - - -THE RESTORATIONS OF 1749 AND 1861. - - -Battlefield Church has twice been restored, first about the year 1749, at -whose expense we do not know, and again in 1861 at the cost of Lady -Brinckman. - - [Picture: Battlefield Church in 1792] - -I fix upon 1749 as the approximate date of the first restoration for -several reasons. The Parish Register that year speaks of “the church -then down,” Mr. Leonard Hotchkiss being the minister. In 1746 “briefs” -were being collected for the church. The earliest known engraving, after -a sketch by James Bowen, of the north side of the church, which cannot -have been engraved later than 1769, as Mr. Percy (afterwards Bishop of -Dromore), had a copy that year, represents the church as then being in a -perfect state externally, and states “this church was rebuilt a few years -since.” The _Archæologia_ for 1803 states that “the church was repaired -and altered about 50 or 60 years ago.” All this points to 1749 as the -date. - - [Picture: Battlefield Church, before its restoration in 1861] - -Probably little had been done to the church from the time of the -dissolution of the college down to 1749, and it had been allowed to fall -into a bad state. The Puritans, too, during the commonwealth are said to -have damaged it. At all events, about 1749 some considerable reparations -were effected. The church was probably newly roofed, though still kept -all of one pace, and somewhat lowered. The buttresses were surmounted by -heads or gurgoyles. The roof, too, was plastered and whitewashed. The -stained glass was removed from the east window, and, being carelessly -kept, was much broken, and only some fragments re-inserted. The old font -was taken away, and a new one placed in the church. The tower was bound -together with iron bars, nuts, and screws. The parapets, if there were -any round the church, and most of the pinnacles and gurgoyles were taken -down. A new bell was placed in the tower, which seems to have borne the -inscription, “Ab. Rudhall of Gloucester cast me, 1755.” We must feel -thankful that the “restoration” was not carried to greater lengths and -that the walls and tower were spared. - -The work done about 1749 was not of a permanent nature. In a few years’ -time the roof of the nave portion of the building must have fallen in, -and no attempt was made to replace it. Fearing that the roof of the -chancel portion might also give way, four ugly circular Doric pillars on -pedestals were introduced to support it; and a brick wall was built at -the west end of the chancel, separating it from the nave. From this -time, and until 1861, the chancel only was used for divine service. The -nave was suffered to fall into complete decay. The buttresses of the -chancel were a little shortened, and the gurgoyles removed. - -When the roof of the nave fell in we do not know, but certainly before -1792. In 1810, the nave and steeple were ruinous, though “the whole was -entire within the memory of persons now living.” - -In November, 1855, the late Mr. S. Pountney Smith, of Shrewsbury, made a -set of plans for the restoration of the church, though the work was not -finally accomplished until the year 1861. The expense of the work, -amounting to £4,000, was borne by Lady Brinckman. It took twelve months -to carry out. The tower was completely renovated, the nave repaired, the -new columns in the chancel taken away, and the whole new-roofed, and put -into a thorough state of repair. A new parapet was placed round the nave -and chancel, that on the nave being plain, whilst the chancel parapet was -pierced with quatrefoils, and enriched with pinnacles. A new vestry, or -Corbet mortuary chapel was built on the north side of the chancel. The -church was re-opened on Friday, November 1st, All Saints’ Day, 1861, the -preacher being the Bishop of Oxford. - -The new work was on the whole, when we consider the dilapidated state of -the church, thoroughly well carried out. Perhaps the chief defect is the -marked distinction made between nave and chancel, which is unusual in -Collegiate Churches, and in this church never existed. It would have -been better if both had been kept of the same pace, and had been -decorated and finished alike. It seems to have been a mistake, too, to -pull down the cemetery wall on the south side of the church, which had -existed ever since its first erection. - -The Vicarage House was built about 1862, at some little distance west -from the church. The site of the old college has never yet been -ascertained; it may have stood on the east side of the church; and it is -not known when it was taken down. Nor is it known where the almshouse or -hospital for poor men stood, nor how long it lasted, nor when it was -destroyed. Both probably did not remain long after the dissolution of -the chantry. - -The church is distant three miles from Shrewsbury. Proceeding down the -Hadnall Road, it comes into sight directly after passing the Old Heath -Farm (Mr. John Randles) on the left-hand side, and looks most picturesque -with its handsome tower flanked by the woods on its north side. - - - - -INCUMBENTS OF BATTLEFIELD. - - -The following is an imperfect list of the Incumbents of Battlefield, -chiefly taken from the Parish Registers, which commence in 1663. From -1749 until 1875, Battlefield and Uffington were held together by the same -Incumbent. - -1553. Edwarde Shorde, formerly chaplain, left in charge by the King’s -Commissioners. - -16.. Thomas Orpe, ejected from Stanton-Hine, preferred by Mr. Pelham -Corbet to Battlefield, which was then worth 5 marks per annum. - -1694. Roger Eddowes, curate; mar. 21 Jan. 1717, Elizabeth Young; died 1 -May, 1728. His widow was buried 12 April, 1731. - -1749. Leonard Hotchkiss, M.A., St. John’s Coll., Cambridge; for 19 years -Headmaster of Shrewsbury School; died 12 November, 1771, aged 80; buried -in S. Mary’s, Salop. Sarah, his wife, died in 1759, aged 81. His -portrait is in the entrance hall at Shrewsbury School. - -1772. Beaumont Dixie, of Emmanuel Coll., Cambridge; son of Rev. Beaumont -Dixie and Elizabeth, dau. of Andrew Corbet, of Shrewsbury; vicar of St. -Peter’s, Derby, 1773; died at Dalbury, co. Derby, 10 May, 1786; he mar. -Margaret, dau. of Richard Shewin, and his eldest son, Sir Beaumout Dixie, -succeeded in 1806 as sixth baronet. - -1786. Edward Williams, M.A. and Fellow of All Souls’ College Oxford; the -well-known Shropshire topographical collector; several of his MSS. are -now in the British Museum; others were sold at Lord Berwick’s sale in -1843. He died 3 Jan. 1833, aged 70, and was buried on the south side of -the church on the 10th. - -1833. John Oliver Hopkins, M.A., of Magdalen College, Cambridge, vicar -until 1851; afterwards vicar of St. Mary’s, Salop, 1852; died 1 August, -1853, buried in St. Mary’s Churchyard on the N.E. corner. His widow, -Beatrice Julia, daughter of Egerton Leigh, esq., re-married in 1859 the -Rev. Robert Linden Burton. - -1852. Arthur James Pigott, B.A. and postmaster of Merton Coll., Oxford; -3rd son of the Rev. John Dryden Pigott, of Edgmond; born at Edgmond; -rebuilt Uffington, and restored Battle field Church; resigned his -incumbency, 1872; died at Uffington, 19 July, 1881, aged 64. - -1872. Thomas Bainbridge, B.A., St. John’s Coll., Cambridge; vicar of -Uffington 1872 to 1875, when the vicarages were divided. - - - - -ILLUSTRATIONS. - - -The Plates are as follows:— - -1. Battlefield Church as it appeared after the first restoration of -1749. From an engraving by Fras. Parry, after a drawing by Jas. Bowen, -Salop. The earliest known sketch of the Church. N. View. (Faces _p._ -8.) {26} - -2. The Church as it appeared in 1792, after the nave had fallen in. -From an engraving in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_, communicated by D. -Parkes. The old stone wall is figured in the sketch. S. View. (_Faces -p._ 22.) - -3. The Church as it appeared shortly before the second restoration of -1861. S. View. (_Faces p._ 23.) - -4. The Church as it now is, shewing the external alterations made by Mr. -S. Pountney Smith, at the second restoration of 1861. S. View. (_Faces -Title-page_.) - -5. The wooden image of “Our Lady of Pity,” placed in the Sedilia. From -an engraving in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_, 1792. (_See p._ 19.) - - [Picture: Decorative graphic] - - SHREWSBURY: - “Eddowes’s Shrewsbury Journal” Offices, - 7, The Square. - - - - -FOOTNOTE. - - -{26} This illustration was meant to face page 22, but the printer has it -facing page 8.—DP. - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLEFIELD CHURCH, SALOP*** - - -******* This file should be named 62225-0.txt or 62225-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/2/2/62225 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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G. Dimock Fletcher</title> - <style type="text/css"> -/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ -<!-- - P { margin-top: .75em; - margin-bottom: .75em; - } - P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;} - P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; } - .GutSmall { font-size: 0.7em; } - H1, H2 { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - } - H3, H4, H5 { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - } - BODY{margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - } - table { border-collapse: collapse; } -table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} - td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} - td p { margin: 0.2em; } - .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ - - .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - - .pagenum {position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: small; - text-align: right; - font-weight: normal; - color: gray; - } - img { border: none; } - img.dc { float: left; width: 50px; height: 50px; } - p.gutindent { margin-left: 2em; } - div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; } - div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid;} - div.gapmediumline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; - border-top: 1px solid; } - div.gapmediumdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; - border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;} - div.gapshortdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; - margin-left: 40%; border-top: 1px solid; - border-bottom: 1px solid; } - div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%; - margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid; - border-bottom: 1px solid;} - div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%; - border-top: 1px solid; } - .citation {vertical-align: super; - font-size: .5em; - text-decoration: none;} - span.red { color: red; } - body {background-color: #ffffc0; } - img.floatleft { float: left; - margin-right: 1em; - margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - img.floatright { float: right; - margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - img.clearcenter {display: block; - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em} - --> - /* XML end ]]>*/ - </style> -</head> -<body> -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Battlefield Church, Salop, by W. G. Dimock -Fletcher - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Battlefield Church, Salop - - -Author: W. G. Dimock Fletcher - - - -Release Date: May 25, 2020 [eBook #62225] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLEFIELD CHURCH, SALOP*** -</pre> -<p>Transcribed from the 1889 Eddowes’s Shrewsbury Journal -Offices edition by David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/cover.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Public domain book cover" -title= -"Public domain book cover" - src="images/cover.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h1><span class="smcap">Battlefield Church</span>,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">SALOP.</span></h1> -<p style="text-align: center"><b>An Historical and Descriptive -Sketch</b>:<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">TOGETHER WITH</span><br /> -SOME ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF SHREWSBURY,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">AND</span><br /> -FOUNDATION of THE COLLEGE OR CHANTEY.<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">BY THE</span><br /> -REV. W. G. DIMOCK FLETCHER, M.A., F.S.A.,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">VICAR OF ST. MICHAEL’S, -SHREWSBURY.</span></p> - -<div class="gapshortline"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span -class="GutSmall">SHREWSBURY:</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Eddowes’s Shrewsbury Journal -Offices</span>,<br /> -1889.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/fpb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Battlefield Church" -title= -"Battlefield Church" - src="images/fps.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h2><a name="pageiii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -iii</span>PREFACE.</h2> -<p>The following pages were written, at the request of the -Incumbent of Battlefield, with the object of giving to the -numerous visitors to Battlefield Church some historical and -descriptive notices of that venerable fabric, together with a -brief account of the Battle of Shrewsbury, and of the foundation -of the College. They are reprinted, with a few corrections -and additions, from <i>Eddowes’s Shrewsbury Journal</i>, in -which they first appeared.</p> -<p>The writer has consulted Owen and Blakeway, Dugdale, Dukes, -Brookes, and other well-known authorities; but ventures to think -that some hitherto unknown facts, which have been brought to -light through researches at the Public Record Office and Public -Libraries, will be found here given for the first time. He -has in view a History, on a larger scale, of this most -interesting College and Church, and will be grateful for any -additional documents or items of information relating -thereto.</p> -<p><i>February</i>, <i>1889</i>.</p> -<h2><a name="pageiv"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -iv</span>CONTENTS.</h2> -<table> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span -class="GutSmall">PAGE</span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Battlefield Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page1">1</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>The Battle of Shrewsbury</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page2">2</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Relics of the Battle</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page7">7</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Foundation of the Church and Chantry</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page8">8</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Roger Ive’s Will</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page10">10</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Dissolution of the College</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page12">12</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Description of the College, temp. Edward VI.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page13">13</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>The Seal of the College</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page14">14</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Masters of the College</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page15">15</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Description of Battlefield Church</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page15">15</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">Its Dimensions</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page15">15</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">The Tower</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">The Windows</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page17">17</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">The Bells</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page19">19</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">Our Lady of Pity</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page19">19</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">The New Vestry</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page21">21</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p class="gutindent">The Corbet Monument</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page21">21</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>The Restorations of 1749 and 1861</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page22">22</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>The Vicarage House</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page24">24</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Incumbents of Battlefield</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page24">24</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Illustrations</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page26">26</a></span></p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -1</span><i>BATTLEFIELD CHURCH</i>, <i>SALOP</i>.</h2> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">By the Rev. Wm. -Geo. Dimock Fletcher</span>, M.A.<br /> -F.S.A., <span class="smcap">Vicar of St. Michael’s</span>, -<span class="smcap">Shrewsbury</span>.</p> -<p>Battlefield Church owes its foundation to the success achieved -by King Henry IV. at the battle of Shrewsbury. That prince, -who as Duke of Hereford had been banished in 1398 for ten years -by Richard II., returned to England in the following year, on the -death of his father, John of Gaunt ostensibly to claim his -estates which the King had seized. He was joined by the -Percies, Nevills, and other barons, and marched towards the west -of England. Bristol having been captured, and the King -shortly afterwards made prisoner, Henry avowed his design of -seizing the crown, the Duke of York supporting him. -Accordingly, the King was compelled to sign a deed of -renunciation to the crown, and a parliament was summoned to meet -at Westminster 30 Sept. 1399, at which Richard’s cession -was read and approved, and the sentence of deposition solemnly -passed, and the estates of the realm forthwith consented that -Henry should reign over them. Although Henry’s claim -to the throne was ridiculous, as opposed to that of Edmund <a -name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span>Mortimer, Earl -of March, who was not only great-grandson of Lionel of Antwerp, -but his father Roger Mortimer had been as far back as 1385 -declared by the King presumptive heir to the throne, still this -revolution and elevation of Henry IV. to the throne was a -national act, and the Lancastrian Kings must not therefore be -considered as usurpers. The inhabitants of Shrewsbury, and -of the county of Salop generally, assented to Henry’s -accession “most joyfully, with their most entire will and -heart,” as their own words, preserved on the Rolls of -Parliament, show.</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">The Battle of Shrewsbury</span>.</h2> -<p>The Percies, we have seen, strongly supported Henry IV. on his -first landing in England, and cordially assisted him in the -events which led to his becoming king. Their friendship, -however, was not of long duration. A variety of causes led -to the formidable rebellion, which culminated in the battle of -Shrewsbury. In July, 1402, the Scots invaded England, but -were defeated by Henry Percy (called “Hotspur”), at -Homildon Hill, on September 14th, and the Earl of Douglas and -other nobles were taken. King Henry issued a writ eight -days later, forbidding the Earl of Northumberland to dispose of -his prisoners; and this was one cause of offence. They may -too have been offended at Henry’s refusal to allow them to -treat for the liberation of their kinsman, Sir Edmund Mortimer, -uncle to the young Earl of March, from the hands of Owen Glyndwr; -and they may have relented at the part they had acted against -King Richard. Probably meaner motives actuated them, for -King Henry left them to conduct the Welsh and Scottish wars on -their own resources, and Henry Percy complains in a letter <a -name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>dated 26th -June, 1403, remaining among the Privy Council Records, that -“£20,000 and more” was owing to himself and his -father on that account; their claim was left unpaid. The -winter of 1402 was spent by the Percies in strengthening their -party. They entered into a treaty with Owen Glyndwr, the -Welsh chieftain, who, with remarkable success, had taken up arms -against the English, and had repelled three formidable armies led -by the king in person, for the overthrow of Henry IV. -Historians have usually treated this insurrection as having been -set on foot to dethrone King Henry, and to restore Richard II. if -alive, or if dead to place Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, upon -the throne of England.</p> -<p>The Earl of Northumberland was ill, and remained at Berwick; -but his son, Henry Percy (Hotspur), with the Earl of Douglas and -a great army, early in July, 1403, set out on his long march for -Shrewsbury, where he had arranged to meet Glyndwr. He -passed through Cheshire, where his army was reinforced by a -number of the gentlemen of that county, who had always been -attached to the memory of Richard II., and came to Stafford, -where his uncle, the Earl of Worcester, joined him.</p> -<p>Percy’s army probably marched from Stafford, and entered -Shropshire on its eastern side, passing through Newport by High -Ercall and Haughmond Hill, and so arrived at Shrewsbury some time -on the evening of the 19th July. They marched down the -Castle Foregate, but finding that the king had only a few hours -before entered the town, and seeing the royal standard floating -over the Castle, Percy withdrew his forces to the Bull-field, an -extensive common, which stretched from Upper Berwick to the -east.</p> -<p>King Henry was at Burton-on-Trent, with an army which he had -assembled against the Welsh, <a name="page4"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 4</span>when he heard of the -confederates’ hostile movements, and immediately marched -towards Shrewsbury. On the 17th he was at Lichfield, and -taking the Watling St. Road, he probably entered the town on the -19th over the English Bridge. By this course he secured the -passage of the Severn, and prevented Owen Glyndwr, who had -advanced with his forces to Oswestry, from crossing the river and -effecting a junction with Percy.</p> -<p>Percy is said to have slept on the evening of the 19th at the -mansion of the Bettons at Upper Berwick, on the site where Mr. -Edgerley’s residence now stands. Tradition says that -he cut the outline of his hand on a panel with a pen-knife, and a -wise woman prophesied that the Bettons should retain their estate -so long as they kept the panel. The Bettons are said to -have lost the panel in the present century, and they have parted -with their estate also.</p> -<p>As the king had nothing to gain by delay, it was clearly his -interest to fight before Glyndwr could bring up his forces, and -especially as his army was superior in numbers to -Percy’s. And so it seems probable that, early on the -morning of the 20th July, he sent a body of troops, under the -nominal command of Prince Henry, then 14 years old, to come up -with Percy at Upper Berwick, if possible; whilst he himself with -the main body marched along Castle Foregate and the Hadnall Road, -ready to proceed, either towards Upper Berwick and so hem Percy -in between his two divisions, or to intercept his retreat should -he attempt to march to the east. Percy broke up in some -disorder, and marched by Harlescot and Albright Hussey to -Hateley-field, probably with the intention of retreating through -Hodnet and Market Drayton northwards, but <a -name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 5</span>finding a -retreat impracticable in the face of a superior force, no course -remained for him but to turn at bay and fight.</p> -<p>Percy accordingly marshalled his forces, posting a portion of -them behind a field of peas, in order to afford some obstacle to -the royal attack. They were chiefly stationed on the north -side of the present Church, in a field called the Hateleys. -Tradition says that Percy called for his favourite sword, but -being told that it was left behind at Berwick, of which village -he had not till then learned the name, he turned pale and -exclaimed, “I perceive that my plough is drawing to its -last furrow, for a wizard told me in Northumberland that I should -perish at Berwick, which I vainly interpreted of that town in the -north.”</p> -<p>The king’s forces were divided into two columns, of -which he commanded one in person, and entrusted the other to his -son. The field on the east of the church is called the -King’s Croft, and here perhaps were ranged the troops which -the king himself commanded.</p> -<p>When the armies were drawn up, facing each other, waiting for -the signal to begin, the Abbot of Shrewsbury left the royal army -and came to Percy, in the hope of effecting peace between the two -parties. On behalf of the king he offered pardon to Percy -and his adherents, if they would lay down their arms, and a -redress of grievances. The stern temper of the Earl of -Worcester however rejected all attempts at conciliation; and both -sides flew to arms. The two armies were not equal in -numbers. Percy had 14,000 men, including a large force of -Cheshire archers. The royal array was probably nearly -double that number; for 40,000 men are said to have been engaged -in the battle.</p> -<p>The battle commenced by a fierce discharge of <a -name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 6</span>arrows on both -sides, and raged with violence. Percy, with the Earl of -Douglas and some thirty others, in the heat of the battle, bent -on the king’s destruction, valiantly forced their way into -the centre of his forces. At one period Henry’s van -was broken, his standard overthrown; his son Prince Henry was -wounded in the face by an arrow; Edmund, Earl of Stafford, Sir -Walter Blount, and three other persons armed like the king, were -slain; and the king himself was unhorsed, and likely to be slain, -had he not been withdrawn from danger by Dunbar, the Scottish -Earl of March. At an important moment, Henry brought up his -reserve, which seems to have turned the scale; and Percy himself -was killed by an unknown hand, either by a spear, or by an arrow -which pierced his brain, alone, and surrounded by his foes. -The king at once took advantage of this, and shouted aloud, -“Henry Percy is dead;” and the insurgent forces gave -way and fled in every direction. The battle had lasted -three hours.</p> -<p>On Henry’s side, 3,000 are said to have been wounded, -and about 1,600 slain, including Edmund Earl of Stafford, Sir -Hugh Stanley, Sir John Clifton, Sir John Cokaine, Sir Nicholas -Gausel, Sir Walter Blount, Sir John Calverley, Sir John Massey, -of Puddington, Sir Hugh Mortimer, Sir Richard Sandford, and Sir -Robert Gausel. On Percy’s side the loss of those -slain in the battle or pursuit has been estimated at 5,000, -including Sir John Massey, of Tatton, and 200 knights and -gentlemen of Cheshire. The Earl of Worcester, Sir Richard -Venables, and Sir Richard Vernon, were taken prisoners, and -beheaded on the 21st at the High Cross at Shrewsbury. -Worcester’s head was set up over London Bridge; his -headless body is conjectured to have been buried in the <a -name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -7</span>Leyburnes’ tomb in the chapel of the Holy Trinity -in St. Mary’s Salop. Percy’s body was at first -decently interred by his kinsman Lord Furnival; but was -afterwards taken up, and placed for public exhibition between two -millstones near the pillory in Shrewsbury, and then beheaded and -quartered, and portions sent to several towns in England.</p> -<p>The dead were buried in a large trench or pit made on the -field of battle, near the spot where the church was afterwards -built. Many years ago, when a drain was made to carry off -the wet from the Corbet vault in the small close lying on the -north side of the chancel, the workmen cut through large masses -of human bones. Many others, some in leaden coffins, were -found lying underneath the flooring of the church, when it was -being restored, about 1860. No doubt numbers of the slain -were interred in other fields and meadows in the -neighbourhood. Many persons of note, who perished in the -battle, were interred at the Augustine Friars and Friar-preachers -in Shrewsbury.</p> -<p>A few fragments of armour, spurs, and other relics, have been -from time to time dug up on the site of the field of battle, but -in comparatively small quantities. At Sundorne Castle are -preserved two helmets and several cuirasses, swords, pikes, -&c. Mr. Pountney Smith possesses a cast-iron -cannon-ball, about three inches in diameter, and weighing nearly -4lbs; and another gentleman residing in Shrewsbury has a -sword. Grose in his <i>Military Antiquities</i> gives an -engraving of a bill, or more probably a gisarme. Two -shields were ploughed up in the year 1823.</p> -<p>In the field on the south side of the church are a number of -mounds and ditches. Are these earthworks connected with the -field of battle, or <a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -8</span>are they foundations of the college buildings, or mounds -for the burial of those slain in the battle, or are they merely -old gravel-pits? The matter is worth investigation.</p> -<p>Owen Glyndwr is said to have been unable to ford the Severn -and join Percy, owing to the waters being swollen. -Tradition makes him to have ascended the branches of a lofty oak -at Shelton, whose venerable trunk still remains, and there to -have waited the issue of the battle. Another account states -that he was at the time besieging Caermarthen, and was not near -Shrewsbury.</p> -<p>The battle of Shrewsbury was one of the decisive battles in -the history of England. Had Percy been successful, and the -King defeated, the Lancastrian dynasty would probably not have -occupied the throne of England. What turn the course of -events would then have taken, it is impossible even to -conjecture. Henry’s victory established the -Lancastrian dynasty on the throne for nearly 60 years.</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">Foundation of the Church and -Chantry</span>.</h2> -<p>The battle of Shrewsbury was fought on the vigil or eve of St. -Mary Magdalene, Saturday, 21st July, 1403; and the place where it -was fought has ever since been called Battlefield. In -gratitude for, and in commemoration of this victory, the present -church of Battlefield was erected, and dedicated to St. Mary -Magdalene, and a college of secular canons was formed to serve -it. Its erection has often been ascribed to Henry IV., but -the real founder of the church was Roger Ive, priest, of Leaton, -rector of Fitz in 1399, and of Albright Hussey from 1398 to 1447, -and a staunch Lancastrian.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p8b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Battlefield Church about 1750" -title= -"Battlefield Church about 1750" - src="images/p8s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>The site on which the church was built was <a -name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>given by -Richard Hussey, Esq., of Albrighton Hussey, who on the 28th -October, 1406, obtained license from King Henry to assign to -Roger Yve and John Gilberd, chaplains, in frankalmoign, two acres -of land in Albrighton Hussey, lying in a certain field called -Hayteleyfeld, in which a battle was fought between the king and -Henry Percy, lately his adversary deceased, to celebrate divine -service daily in a certain chapel there, to be by them newly -built, for the king’s salvation during his life, and after -his death for his soul, and for the souls of his progenitors and -of those who were slain in the battle and were there buried, and -for the souls of all the faithful departed.</p> -<p>The church was accordingly at once begun, and it seems to have -been completed, at least sufficiently for divine service to be -performed, in March, 1408–9, when the king, by letters -patent, founded and established the church into a perpetual -chantry of eight chaplains, one of whom was to be master; the -said master and chaplains to be capable of acquiring lands; and -he further endowed the Chantry with the advowson of the church of -Michaellskirke, in Lancashire. In August, 1409, the -receiver of Tutbury was commanded to deliver a quantity of lead -to cover the new chapel. Before February, 1409–10, -Roger Ive surrendered the land and chapel into the hands of the -king; from whom in March or May, 1410, he received a new and -fuller grant of the same, in which the said piece of land is -described as being enclosed by a ditch, and containing in length -and breadth two acres, together with two inlets and outlets, one -extending in length from Hadenallestone directly upon land of -Richard Hussey and the said piece of land, and containing in -breadth 20 feet, and the other in length from Harlascotelone -directly upon land of the said Richard, and containing in breadth -20 <a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -10</span>feet. The king established the chapel of St. Mary -Magdalene into a perpetual Chantry of six chaplains, of which -Roger Ive and his successors, rectors of the chapel of St. John -Baptist at Albright Hussey, were to be masters, and Richard -Hussey and his heirs patrons. He endowed it with the -advowsons of Michaellskirke in Lancashire, St. Andrew of Iddesale -(or Shiffnall), and the free royal chapel of St. Michael within -the Castle Salop, to which the chapel of St. Juliana of Salop was -appurtenant or appendent. And he granted to Ive freedom -from tenths, fifteenths, subsidies, &c.; and that he and his -successors should have a fair at the Chantry each year on the -feast of St. Mary Magdalene. John Repynton had been warden -of St. Michael’s with St. Julian’s, but resigned -these into the hands of King Henry V., in May 1417.</p> -<p>The above Charter of 27th March (or May) 1410, was practically -the Foundation Charter of the Chantry, and it was confirmed by -Henry V. on the 17th June, 1414, by Henry VI. on the 17th -November, 1425, and by Henry VII. on the 29th June, 1485. -Ive himself received a general pardon from Henry VI. in October -1424; and in December 1445 had license for himself and his -co-chaplains quietly to celebrate divine service without fear of -arrests, fines, amerciaments, &c.</p> -<p>Roger Ive’s will, which is dated 13th October, 1444, -contains the regulations and ordinances for the chantry or -college. By it, he directs his body to be buried in a stone -tomb near the high altar. He bequeaths to the five -chaplains three chalices, a paxbrede, two cruets, three brass -bells hanging in the belfry, three crosses, and a number of books -and vestments. The chaplains were to dwell in the mansion -already built there, and were to dine and sup together, and not -in their own rooms. They were not to leave the college <a -name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 11</span>by night or -by day without the master’s leave, under a penalty of 3s. -4d. They were each to swear and perform obedience to their -master, and were to receive a stipend of eight marcs a year -apiece, and two more for praying at every mass for the testator, -and keeping his obit annually. They were to pray for the -souls of Henry IV. and V., founders of the college, of Richard -Hussey, senior, the first patron, and Isolda, his wife, of John -Hussey, Richard Hussey the father of Richard Hussey then living, -and Thomas Hussey, of Roger Ive, the first master and his -parents, of William Howyke of Pountfret and Sir Thomas Kyrkeby, -chaplains, and for the souls of all the faithful departed slain -in the field of Battlefield, and there buried. Minute -directions are given as to the services to be performed. -The alms from indulgences granted to the college were to be -expended about the building and work of the belfry, and when this -was finished, then for the sustentation of the poor in the -college, and repair of their alms house. Besides the -advowsons before mentioned, he leaves them the profits of the -Chapel of Dadele (Dawley), the town and grange of Aston, and the -Chapel of Forde.</p> -<p>We have not much information extant about the college during -the 150 years of its existence.</p> -<p>In 1445, Roger Ive seems to have prosecuted before the barons -of the exchequer a claim to exemption from taxation in respect of -all the benefices belonging to the college. The Bishop of -Hereford certified that Ford was an appurtenance of St. Juliana, -Salop. The parishioners of Ford seem to have complained -that the college neglected to provide for divine service there; -and the Lord Chancellor wrote a letter between 1440 and 1443 to -the Bishop of Lichfield about this <a name="page12"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 12</span>neglect, and desiring him to remedy -it, which is preserved in the Bishop’s Registers at -Lichfield.</p> -<p>A few years later the college claimed all the tithes of -Derfald, which they alleged belonged to them as possessors of St. -Michael’s. Long before, however, in Henry II.’s -reign, Haghmond Abbey had purchased a portion of Derfald. -Accordingly an agreement was come to in 1462 between Haghmond -Abbey and the college, by which the Abbey was to receive the -tithes of the grange and of all lands etc. of Derfald, between -the great close of Cowlande, and the great slade jointly to the -wood of Pimbeley, called Darrerisden.</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">Dissolution of the College</span>.</h2> -<p>The College or Chantry of Battlefield continued for nearly 150 -years, and divine service was no doubt duly celebrated by the -chaplains, as directed by the foundation charter, and the will of -the first master.</p> -<p>In 1534 an Act was passed, which gave the first-fruits and -tenths to the king; and the Master of the College duly made a -return of the annual value of the property belonging to the -college, which consisted of lands in Aston near Shiffnal, and the -tithes of St. Michael de Wyre, Idsall, Dawley, St. Julian Salop, -Ford, and Albright Hussey, besides certain offerings, the total -annual value then being £56 1s. 4d. Payments to the -ministers of St. Julian and Idsall, and procurations, &c. -came to £1 19s. 6d. The balance, amounting to -£54 1s. 10d., being divisible amongst the master and -chaplains, the master receiving £34 1s. 10d. and the five -chaplains £4 apiece. The King’s tenth came to -£5 8s. 2¼d.</p> -<p>In 1545 all chapels and chantries were given to the -King. The possessions of the college were declared to be of -the yearly value of £8 <a name="page13"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 13</span>15s., and the house unlet was valued -at 10s. a year. There were 12 oz. of plate, and some other -goods. The Church was stated not to be a parish church, but -to be within the parish of Albrighton Hussey. On Edward -VI.’s accession to the Throne, the Lands belonging to the -chantries were given to the Crown. The certificate then -made by Sir Geo. Blount, Knt., states the net revenues to be of -the value of £44 8s. 8d., of which the master received -£19 6s., and 4 chaplains £5 6s. 8d. apiece, and the -goods to be worth 13s. 4d.</p> -<p>The college was then dissolved, and the property sold to -various purchasers. The site of the college, and cottages -or booths near erected for the market there, the chapel and -tithes of Albright Hussey, the tithes of Harlescot, and the -Rectory of St. Julian’s were sold to John Cupper and -Richard Trevor in 1550; land at St. Michael on Wyre to John -Pykarell and John Barnard, and to Richard Palladye; and Aston -near Shiffnal to Tho. Sydney and Nicholas Halswell.</p> -<p>The College is thus described in the <i>Particulars for -Grants</i> made <i>temp.</i> Edward VI.:—</p> -<blockquote><p>“The mansion or site of the said late -College, with all houses edifices one dovecote one garden and two -orchards within the said site and precinct, late in the tenure of -the master and combrethren of the same late College; besides 2s. -4d. from the rent of a chamber called the Curates Lodging -assigned and reserved to the procurator there, now in the tenure -of Edward Shorde curate, valued and assessed by the Commissioner -of our Lord the King there at 17s. 8d. per annum.”</p> -<p>“Certain Cottages or lez Bothes built upon land of -Richard Hussey near the site of the said late College, placed -there only in market time, with the outgoings tolls and other -profits arising annually in the time of a market held there on -the Feast of the <a name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -14</span>Blessed Mary Magdalene, worth per annum 21s. -4d.”</p> -<p>“The same was given for certain yearly obits to be kept -with the said late College. There be no woods upon any the -premises.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The Commissioners left Edward Shorde, one of the chaplains, to -serve the church, with a chamber or lodging; and the following -goods to carry on the services, a return of which was made in -August, 1553,—3 bells, 2 great and a sanctus bell, 2 -vestments, 2 altar cloths, a chalice with a paten parcel gilt -weighing 10 ounces, a pair of small laten candlesticks, and a -pair of cruets.</p> -<p>Albright Hussey Church having probably long before this fallen -down, Battlefield Church became now, though without any definite -settlement, practically the parish church for the old parish of -Albright Hussey, and it has so continued ever since.</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">The Seal of the College</span>.</h2> -<p>Dukes, in his <i>Antiquities of Shropshire</i>, gives an -engraving of the College Seal. It represents the Blessed -Virgin crowned, the Child in her right hand, in her left a palm -branch. On the dexter side a Shield of Arms, Quarterly -France and England. On the sinister side, a chevron -engrailed between three birds. Over each shield a sword -erect. The legend being,—“S. -Commune-Domini. Rogeri. Ive. primi. magistri. et. -successorum. suorum. Collegii. Beatæ. Mariæ. -Magdalenæ. juxta. Salop.” This was probably the -first seal of the College.</p> -<p>Roger Ive, in 1444, complains that it had been fabricated, and -orders a new Seal for the College,—In the centre, the image -of the Holy Trinity, with the image of S. Mary Magdalene on the -dexter side, and of S. John Baptist on the sinister side, at -their feet the image of Roger Ive kneeling. <a -name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span>The legend to -be the same as before. I do not know that any impression of -this second Seal has been preserved.</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">Masters of the College</span>.</h2> -<p>The following is an imperfect list of the Masters or Wardens -of the College:—</p> -<p>Roger Ive, of Leaton; rector of Fitz 1399, and of Albright -Hussey 1398 to 1447; first master.</p> -<p>Roger Phillipps, living in 1463, and 1480.</p> -<p>Adam Grafton, LL.B., 1490 and 1509; chaplain to Edward V. and -Prince Arthur; vicar of St. Alkmund’s, Salop, 1473 to 1489; -rector of Upton with Withington 1494; canon of St. Chad’s -1494; prebendary of Lichfield 1497; archdeacon of Salop 1504 to -1514; archdeacon of Stafford; dean of St. Mary’s Salop; -died 24 July, 1530; buried at Withington, where a brass -represents him as vested in a cope, and in an act of -prayer. He erected or completed the tower of Battlefield -Church in 1503.</p> -<p>John Hussey, 1521.</p> -<p>Humphrey Thomas, 1525 and 1530.</p> -<p>John Hussey, admitted 18 Oct., 1535; aged 40 in 1549; last -master.</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">Description of the Church</span>.</h2> -<p>Battlefield Church was, as we have seen, doubtless erected in -the years 1407 and 1408, excepting the tower, which was completed -a century later. It is entirely of the perpendicular style -of architecture, with the exception of one window on the north -side of the church and two on the south side which have -reticulated tracery in their heads. The church is not, -strictly speaking, divided into nave and chancel, as is usual in -parish churches, but consists of one covered space only, and is -uniform in its character throughout.</p> -<p>The length of the nave and chancel inside is <a -name="page16"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 16</span>94 feet, and -of the tower 18 feet; the breadth of the nave is 28 feet, and of -the tower 14 feet; the total length outside being 119 feet, and -the breadth 33 feet.</p> -<p>On the South side of the church was the cemetery or burial -ground, formerly enclosed by a stone wall which came up to the -church, at its south east and south west corners, and had an exit -at the west end. The dimensions of the cemetery are given -in one of the <i>Morris MSS.</i> in the Salop Free Library as -follows,—length 126 feet, breadth 80 feet, including the -church; from the east end of the church to the ditch, 57 feet; -from north to south between the ditch, 222 feet; width of the -ditch, 22 feet. This stone wall, which was probably coeval -with the church, was taken down at the restoration in 1862. -The church and college originally stood in an oblong space -enclosed by a moat, which may still in places be traced.</p> -<p>The tower is about 100 years later than the rest of the -church, and was completed by Adam Grafton, master of the college, -in 1503. His initials and the date, A.G. 1503, occur on a -shield on the east side of the tower. Roger Ive by his will -in 1444, left directions as to certain alms being accumulated for -the building of the belfry; and the funds may have been thus -raised. The tower has eight pinnacles, which were mostly -replaced in 1862. It is surmounted by an embattled parapet -of equal intervals, with plain cappings. Just below the -battlements, is a handsome carved frieze or border, enriched with -diamond shaped ornaments and quatrefoils. On the west it -has two windows, and one on the east, north, and south -sides. Over the higher of the west windows, in the middle -of the frieze, is an escutcheon bearing an animal, apparently a -lion rampant passant; and over the east window is an escutcheon -having on it the inscription A.G. 1503. <a -name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>The second -floor of the tower is furnished with a fireplace, having a -chimney formed within the thickness of the wall, and opening -outside the western window of the bell chamber. Exterior -buttresses are built at the corners of the tower, and a square -projection on its south-east corner has a spiral staircase to the -top. The tower is not placed at right angles to the body of -the church. The break in the stonework at its eastern wall, -the comparative rudeness of the mouldings, the absence of a -second plinth mould to the base, and the coarse treatment of the -angle buttresses at their lower weatherings, all bear out the -statement that the tower is a hundred years later than the body -of the church.</p> -<p>The church was probably all of one pace originally, and no -division made between nave and chancel externally. The -exterior, between the windows, is supported by handsome stone -buttresses. And it seems clear that there never was any -clerestory.</p> -<p>With the exception of the three already referred to, the -windows are all of the perpendicular style, though in some of -them there are evidences of a lingering fondness for the flowing -lines of decorated tracery. Some of the windows have the -dripstones terminating at the bottom with plain returns, others -with representations of human heads. The three windows with -reticulated tracery in their heads, one on the north and two on -the south side, are in style a century earlier than the rest of -the windows. How can they be accounted for? One -theory is that the church was designed by an architect from -France, where the decorated style remained longer than in -England. Another, and more probable, theory is that they -were brought from the neighbouring church of Albright Hussey, -which, judging from the window mouldings in the fragment that -remains, was of 14th century <a name="page18"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 18</span>architecture, and was probably -suffered to fall into decay when Battlefield Church was -built.</p> -<p>The east window is of five lights, and has handsome -perpendicular tracery. The present stained glass in it is -modern, and represents our Lord led out to crucifixion, followed -by the women, the home at Bethany, Mary wiping Christ’s -feet, the women at the Sepulchre, and the Risen Lord appearing to -Mary,—all scenes in the history of St. Mary -Magdalene. Above are the Evangelists and four greater -Prophets. The old stained glass represented the decollation -of St. John Baptist, and was probably brought from Albright -Hussey church, which was dedicated to that saint. When the -church was undergoing its first restoration in 1749, this glass -was taken down, and entrusted to the care of a neighbouring -farmer, who suffered his children and servants to destroy it, so -that when it was to be replaced only a few fragments could be -found. These were inserted in the window, much injured and -dilapidated, and contained, amongst other designs, two crowned -heads, a human head in a dish, a chalice and wafer, the -crucifixion, some escutcheons of arms, and an inscription -commencing “Orate pro animabus Rogeri . . . hujusce -capellani . . . .” These fragments at the -second restoration in 1862 were carried away to Prees Church, and -some portions to the ante-chapel at Sundorne Castle.</p> -<p>The stained glass in the vestry, not of any high artistic -merit, was not originally in the church, but was brought from -France by the Rev. A. J. Pigott, and placed in the vestry.</p> -<p>Outside the church, immediately over the East window, is a -niche, surmounted by a canopy, in which stands the statue of -Henry IV., about half life-size, crowned, with a dagger hanging -on his left side, and his right hand grasping a sword.</p> -<p>On each side of the exterior of the chancel, near <a -name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span>the East end, -are dripstones, as if intended for the arch of a window, carried -up nearly to a point. No window ever was thrown out in -either place; and probably the architect’s intention may -have been to add small side chapels at some future time.</p> -<p>At the dissolution of the college, two great bells and a -sanctus bell were left. These bells are traditionally said -to have been carried off to Berrington or Wroxeter in the last -century. In 1861 the only bell went to St. Mary’s, -Shrewsbury. The present bell is modern, and was cast by -Naylor, Vickers and Co. in 1861.</p> -<p>The three sedilia with plain gothic arches, and the piscina -adjoining, on the south side of the altar, are original.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p20b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Our Lady of Pity with the dead Christ in her lap" -title= -"Our Lady of Pity with the dead Christ in her lap" - src="images/p20s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>In the chancel is a seated figure of “Our Lady <a -name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>of -Pity,” the blessed Virgin with the dead Christ in her -lap. This is said to have been brought here from Albright -Hussey. It is 3ft. 9in. high, and carved out of a block of -oak hollowed behind. The execution of the image is good, -and it is probably of 14th century work. It was formerly -seated in the westernmost of the three sedilia. There was -formerly another figure, that of a man, in one of the other -sedilia, but it was destroyed at the first restoration of -1749.</p> -<p>Some fragments of the original roof still remain, worked up -into the present chancel roof. The corbels at the spring of -the roof trusses, some of foliage, but mostly of heads, are -original and are well carved. Outside are a few of the -original gurgoyles, though most were placed there in 1861.</p> -<p>The nave is entered by a doorway under the tower, which was -reopened out in 1861. There are also doors on the north and -south sides of the nave, the latter formerly leading into the -cemetery; and on the north and south sides of the chancel, the -former leading into the vestry, the latter, which formerly -communicated with a priest’s chamber, being now bricked up -and the organ placed over it.</p> -<p>Above the south chancel doorway, over the organ, nearly up to -the roof, is a small square aperture now bricked up, which -communicated with an outer priest’s chamber, and enabled -its occupants to see inside the church. On the south side -of the church, near the second bay from the eastern end, between -the second and third buttresses may be seen some masonry, the -foundations of a building which was three storeys in height, the -upper storeys being approached by a circular staircase, of which -the foundations still remain. The lowest storey opened -directly into the church by the doorway now bricked up. -From the upmost storey the little square window opened into the -church. On the buttresses may be seen some <a -name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 21</span>projecting -pieces of masonry, which supported the topmost storey; over the -doorway may be seen against the wall a projecting support for the -middle storey. These little rooms were probably only about -9ft. square, and were for the accommodation of the priests whilst -on duty at the church.</p> -<p>A modern screen divides the choir from the nave. Round -the church are fixed a number of shields bearing the arms of -those knights and others who fell in the battle.</p> -<p>The font is modern, though a portion of the ancient font was -lying in the tower in the year 1856, and a second font was -erected in 1749 probably and taken away in 1861.</p> -<p>The vestry, or strictly speaking the Corbet mortuary chapel, -was erected in 1861 over the place of interment of the family of -Corbet of Sundorne Castle and Pimley. The Corbets are the -patrons and proprietors of Battlefield.</p> -<p>On the north side of the chancel is a large and handsome -monument erected in December 1821, to the memory of John Corbet, -Esq., and several members of his family. John Corbet died -19 May 1817, aged 65 years; Emma Elizabeth, his first wife, and -daughter of Sir Charlton Leighton, Bart., died 19 September, -1797; Annabella, wife of Sir Theodore Henry Lavington Brinckman, -Baronet, and daughter of John Corbet, Esq., died 24th January, -1864, aged 61. Several other of this family are also named -on this monument, and lie buried in the vault, which was made in -August 1797.</p> -<p>A brass, mounted on jasper, affixed to the south wall of the -tower, commemorates the restoration of 1861. It bears this -inscription:—“This church, dedicated to St. Mary -Magdalene, was built and endowed by Henry IV. in memory of the -battle of Shrewsbury 1403. Having fallen into decay, its -restoration, originated by public subscription, <a -name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 22</span>was finally -completed in the year of Our Lord 1861, at the private cost of -Annabella, wife of Sir Theodore Brinckman, Bart., according to -plans prepared by Pountney Smith, Architect. Soli Deo -Gloria.”</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">The Restorations of</span> 1749 <span -class="smcap">and</span> 1861.</h2> -<p>Battlefield Church has twice been restored, first about the -year 1749, at whose expense we do not know, and again in 1861 at -the cost of Lady Brinckman.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p22b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Battlefield Church in 1792" -title= -"Battlefield Church in 1792" - src="images/p22s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>I fix upon 1749 as the approximate date of the first -restoration for several reasons. The Parish Register that -year speaks of “the church then down,” Mr. Leonard -Hotchkiss being the minister. In 1746 “briefs” -were being collected for the church. The earliest known -engraving, after a sketch by James Bowen, of the north side of -the church, which cannot have been engraved later than 1769, as -Mr. Percy (afterwards Bishop of Dromore), had a copy that year, -represents the church as then being in a perfect state -externally, and states “this church was rebuilt a few years -since.” The <i>Archæologia</i> for 1803 states -that “the church was repaired and altered about 50 or 60 -years ago.” All this points to 1749 as the date.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p23b.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Battlefield Church, before its restoration in 1861" -title= -"Battlefield Church, before its restoration in 1861" - src="images/p23s.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p>Probably little had been done to the church from the time of -the dissolution of the college down to 1749, and it had been -allowed to fall into a bad state. The Puritans, too, during -the commonwealth are said to have damaged it. At all -events, about 1749 some considerable reparations were -effected. The church was probably newly roofed, though -still kept all of one pace, and somewhat lowered. The -buttresses were surmounted by heads or gurgoyles. The roof, -too, was plastered and whitewashed. The stained glass was -removed from the east window, and, being carelessly kept, was -much broken, and only some fragments re-inserted. The old -font was taken away, and a <a name="page23"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 23</span>new one placed in the church. -The tower was bound together with iron bars, nuts, and -screws. The parapets, if there were any round the church, -and most of the pinnacles and gurgoyles were taken down. A -new bell was placed in the tower, which seems to have borne the -inscription, “Ab. Rudhall of Gloucester cast me, -1755.” We must feel thankful that the -“restoration” was not carried to greater lengths and -that the walls and tower were spared.</p> -<p>The work done about 1749 was not of a permanent nature. -In a few years’ time the roof of the nave portion of the -building must have fallen in, and no attempt was made to replace -it. Fearing that the roof of the chancel portion might also -give way, four ugly circular Doric pillars on pedestals were -introduced to support it; and a brick wall was built at the west -end of the chancel, separating it from the nave. From this -time, and until 1861, the chancel only was used for divine -service. The nave was suffered to fall into complete -decay. The buttresses of the chancel were a little -shortened, and the gurgoyles removed.</p> -<p>When the roof of the nave fell in we do not know, but -certainly before 1792. In 1810, the nave and steeple were -ruinous, though “the whole was entire within the memory of -persons now living.”</p> -<p>In November, 1855, the late Mr. S. Pountney Smith, of -Shrewsbury, made a set of plans for the restoration of the -church, though the work was not finally accomplished until the -year 1861. The expense of the work, amounting to -£4,000, was borne by Lady Brinckman. It took twelve -months to carry out. The tower was completely renovated, -the nave repaired, the new columns in the chancel taken away, and -the whole new-roofed, and put into a thorough state of -repair. A new parapet was placed round the nave and -chancel, that on the nave being plain, whilst the chancel <a -name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 24</span>parapet was -pierced with quatrefoils, and enriched with pinnacles. A -new vestry, or Corbet mortuary chapel was built on the north side -of the chancel. The church was re-opened on Friday, -November 1st, All Saints’ Day, 1861, the preacher being the -Bishop of Oxford.</p> -<p>The new work was on the whole, when we consider the -dilapidated state of the church, thoroughly well carried -out. Perhaps the chief defect is the marked distinction -made between nave and chancel, which is unusual in Collegiate -Churches, and in this church never existed. It would have -been better if both had been kept of the same pace, and had been -decorated and finished alike. It seems to have been a -mistake, too, to pull down the cemetery wall on the south side of -the church, which had existed ever since its first erection.</p> -<p>The Vicarage House was built about 1862, at some little -distance west from the church. The site of the old college -has never yet been ascertained; it may have stood on the east -side of the church; and it is not known when it was taken -down. Nor is it known where the almshouse or hospital for -poor men stood, nor how long it lasted, nor when it was -destroyed. Both probably did not remain long after the -dissolution of the chantry.</p> -<p>The church is distant three miles from Shrewsbury. -Proceeding down the Hadnall Road, it comes into sight directly -after passing the Old Heath Farm (Mr. John Randles) on the -left-hand side, and looks most picturesque with its handsome -tower flanked by the woods on its north side.</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">Incumbents of Battlefield</span>.</h2> -<p>The following is an imperfect list of the Incumbents of -Battlefield, chiefly taken from the Parish Registers, which -commence in 1663. From 1749 <a name="page25"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 25</span>until 1875, Battlefield and Uffington -were held together by the same Incumbent.</p> -<p>1553. Edwarde Shorde, formerly chaplain, left in charge -by the King’s Commissioners.</p> -<p>16.. Thomas Orpe, ejected from Stanton-Hine, preferred -by Mr. Pelham Corbet to Battlefield, which was then worth 5 marks -per annum.</p> -<p>1694. Roger Eddowes, curate; mar. 21 Jan. 1717, -Elizabeth Young; died 1 May, 1728. His widow was buried 12 -April, 1731.</p> -<p>1749. Leonard Hotchkiss, M.A., St. John’s Coll., -Cambridge; for 19 years Headmaster of Shrewsbury School; died 12 -November, 1771, aged 80; buried in S. Mary’s, Salop. -Sarah, his wife, died in 1759, aged 81. His portrait is in -the entrance hall at Shrewsbury School.</p> -<p>1772. Beaumont Dixie, of Emmanuel Coll., Cambridge; son -of Rev. Beaumont Dixie and Elizabeth, dau. of Andrew Corbet, of -Shrewsbury; vicar of St. Peter’s, Derby, 1773; died at -Dalbury, co. Derby, 10 May, 1786; he mar. Margaret, dau. of -Richard Shewin, and his eldest son, Sir Beaumout Dixie, succeeded -in 1806 as sixth baronet.</p> -<p>1786. Edward Williams, M.A. and Fellow of All -Souls’ College Oxford; the well-known Shropshire -topographical collector; several of his MSS. are now in the -British Museum; others were sold at Lord Berwick’s sale in -1843. He died 3 Jan. 1833, aged 70, and was buried on the -south side of the church on the 10th.</p> -<p>1833. John Oliver Hopkins, M.A., of Magdalen College, -Cambridge, vicar until 1851; afterwards vicar of St. -Mary’s, Salop, 1852; died 1 August, 1853, buried in St. -Mary’s Churchyard on the <span class="GutSmall">N.E.</span> -corner. His widow, Beatrice Julia, daughter of Egerton -Leigh, esq., re-married in 1859 the Rev. Robert Linden -Burton.</p> -<p>1852. Arthur James Pigott, B.A. and postmaster <a -name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 26</span>of Merton -Coll., Oxford; 3rd son of the Rev. John Dryden Pigott, of -Edgmond; born at Edgmond; rebuilt Uffington, and restored Battle -field Church; resigned his incumbency, 1872; died at Uffington, -19 July, 1881, aged 64.</p> -<p>1872. Thomas Bainbridge, B.A., St. John’s Coll., -Cambridge; vicar of Uffington 1872 to 1875, when the vicarages -were divided.</p> -<h2><span class="smcap">Illustrations</span>.</h2> -<p>The Plates are as follows:—</p> -<p>1. Battlefield Church as it appeared after the first -restoration of 1749. From an engraving by Fras. Parry, -after a drawing by Jas. Bowen, Salop. The earliest known -sketch of the Church. N. View. (Faces <i>p.</i> <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page8">8</a></span>.) <a -name="citation26"></a><a href="#footnote26" -class="citation">[26]</a></p> -<p>2. The Church as it appeared in 1792, after the nave had -fallen in. From an engraving in the <i>Gentleman’s -Magazine</i>, communicated by D. Parkes. The old stone wall -is figured in the sketch. S. View. (<i>Faces p.</i> -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page22">22</a></span>.)</p> -<p>3. The Church as it appeared shortly before the second -restoration of 1861. S. View. (<i>Faces p.</i> <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page23">23</a></span>.)</p> -<p>4. The Church as it now is, shewing the external -alterations made by Mr. S. Pountney Smith, at the second -restoration of 1861. S. View. (<i>Faces -Title-page</i>.)</p> -<p>5. The wooden image of “Our Lady of Pity,” -placed in the Sedilia. From an engraving in the -<i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i>, 1792. (<i>See p.</i> -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page19">19</a></span>.)</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/p26.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Decorative graphic" -title= -"Decorative graphic" - src="images/p26.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><a name="page27"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 27</span><span -class="GutSmall">SHREWSBURY:</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">“Eddowes’s Shrewsbury -Journal” Offices,</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">7, The Square.</span></p> -<h2>FOOTNOTE.</h2> -<p><a name="footnote26"></a><a href="#citation26" -class="footnote">[26]</a> This illustration was meant to -face page 22, but the printer has it facing page 8.—DP.</p> -<pre> - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLEFIELD CHURCH, SALOP*** - - -***** This file should be named 62225-h.htm or 62225-h.zip****** - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/2/2/62225 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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