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diff --git a/old/62225-0.txt b/old/62225-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 273c4f1..0000000 --- a/old/62225-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1307 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Battlefield Church, Salop, by W. G. Dimock -Fletcher - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Battlefield Church, Salop - - -Author: W. G. Dimock Fletcher - - - -Release Date: May 25, 2020 [eBook #62225] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLEFIELD CHURCH, SALOP*** - - -Transcribed from the 1889 Eddowes’s Shrewsbury Journal Offices edition by -David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org - - [Picture: Public domain book cover] - - - - - - BATTLEFIELD CHURCH, - SALOP. - - - An Historical and Descriptive Sketch: - TOGETHER WITH - SOME ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF SHREWSBURY, - AND - FOUNDATION of THE COLLEGE OR CHANTEY. - BY THE - REV. W. G. DIMOCK FLETCHER, M.A., F.S.A., - VICAR OF ST. MICHAEL’S, SHREWSBURY. - - * * * * * - - SHREWSBURY: - EDDOWES’S SHREWSBURY JOURNAL OFFICES, - 1889. - - [Picture: Battlefield Church] - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The following pages were written, at the request of the Incumbent of -Battlefield, with the object of giving to the numerous visitors to -Battlefield Church some historical and descriptive notices of that -venerable fabric, together with a brief account of the Battle of -Shrewsbury, and of the foundation of the College. They are reprinted, -with a few corrections and additions, from _Eddowes’s Shrewsbury -Journal_, in which they first appeared. - -The writer has consulted Owen and Blakeway, Dugdale, Dukes, Brookes, and -other well-known authorities; but ventures to think that some hitherto -unknown facts, which have been brought to light through researches at the -Public Record Office and Public Libraries, will be found here given for -the first time. He has in view a History, on a larger scale, of this -most interesting College and Church, and will be grateful for any -additional documents or items of information relating thereto. - -_February_, _1889_. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - PAGE -Battlefield Church 1 -The Battle of Shrewsbury 2 -Relics of the Battle 7 -Foundation of the Church and Chantry 8 -Roger Ive’s Will 10 -Dissolution of the College 12 -Description of the College, temp. Edward VI. 13 -The Seal of the College 14 -Masters of the College 15 -Description of Battlefield Church 15 - Its Dimensions 15 - The Tower 16 - The Windows 17 - The Bells 19 - Our Lady of Pity 19 - The New Vestry 21 - The Corbet Monument 21 -The Restorations of 1749 and 1861 22 -The Vicarage House 24 -Incumbents of Battlefield 24 -Illustrations 26 - - - - - -_BATTLEFIELD CHURCH_, _SALOP_. - - - BY THE REV. WM. GEO. DIMOCK FLETCHER, M.A. - F.S.A., VICAR OF ST. MICHAEL’S, SHREWSBURY. - -Battlefield Church owes its foundation to the success achieved by King -Henry IV. at the battle of Shrewsbury. That prince, who as Duke of -Hereford had been banished in 1398 for ten years by Richard II., returned -to England in the following year, on the death of his father, John of -Gaunt ostensibly to claim his estates which the King had seized. He was -joined by the Percies, Nevills, and other barons, and marched towards the -west of England. Bristol having been captured, and the King shortly -afterwards made prisoner, Henry avowed his design of seizing the crown, -the Duke of York supporting him. Accordingly, the King was compelled to -sign a deed of renunciation to the crown, and a parliament was summoned -to meet at Westminster 30 Sept. 1399, at which Richard’s cession was read -and approved, and the sentence of deposition solemnly passed, and the -estates of the realm forthwith consented that Henry should reign over -them. Although Henry’s claim to the throne was ridiculous, as opposed to -that of Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, who was not only great-grandson -of Lionel of Antwerp, but his father Roger Mortimer had been as far back -as 1385 declared by the King presumptive heir to the throne, still this -revolution and elevation of Henry IV. to the throne was a national act, -and the Lancastrian Kings must not therefore be considered as usurpers. -The inhabitants of Shrewsbury, and of the county of Salop generally, -assented to Henry’s accession “most joyfully, with their most entire will -and heart,” as their own words, preserved on the Rolls of Parliament, -show. - - - - -THE BATTLE OF SHREWSBURY. - - -The Percies, we have seen, strongly supported Henry IV. on his first -landing in England, and cordially assisted him in the events which led to -his becoming king. Their friendship, however, was not of long duration. -A variety of causes led to the formidable rebellion, which culminated in -the battle of Shrewsbury. In July, 1402, the Scots invaded England, but -were defeated by Henry Percy (called “Hotspur”), at Homildon Hill, on -September 14th, and the Earl of Douglas and other nobles were taken. -King Henry issued a writ eight days later, forbidding the Earl of -Northumberland to dispose of his prisoners; and this was one cause of -offence. They may too have been offended at Henry’s refusal to allow -them to treat for the liberation of their kinsman, Sir Edmund Mortimer, -uncle to the young Earl of March, from the hands of Owen Glyndwr; and -they may have relented at the part they had acted against King Richard. -Probably meaner motives actuated them, for King Henry left them to -conduct the Welsh and Scottish wars on their own resources, and Henry -Percy complains in a letter dated 26th June, 1403, remaining among the -Privy Council Records, that “£20,000 and more” was owing to himself and -his father on that account; their claim was left unpaid. The winter of -1402 was spent by the Percies in strengthening their party. They entered -into a treaty with Owen Glyndwr, the Welsh chieftain, who, with -remarkable success, had taken up arms against the English, and had -repelled three formidable armies led by the king in person, for the -overthrow of Henry IV. Historians have usually treated this insurrection -as having been set on foot to dethrone King Henry, and to restore Richard -II. if alive, or if dead to place Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March, upon -the throne of England. - -The Earl of Northumberland was ill, and remained at Berwick; but his son, -Henry Percy (Hotspur), with the Earl of Douglas and a great army, early -in July, 1403, set out on his long march for Shrewsbury, where he had -arranged to meet Glyndwr. He passed through Cheshire, where his army was -reinforced by a number of the gentlemen of that county, who had always -been attached to the memory of Richard II., and came to Stafford, where -his uncle, the Earl of Worcester, joined him. - -Percy’s army probably marched from Stafford, and entered Shropshire on -its eastern side, passing through Newport by High Ercall and Haughmond -Hill, and so arrived at Shrewsbury some time on the evening of the 19th -July. They marched down the Castle Foregate, but finding that the king -had only a few hours before entered the town, and seeing the royal -standard floating over the Castle, Percy withdrew his forces to the -Bull-field, an extensive common, which stretched from Upper Berwick to -the east. - -King Henry was at Burton-on-Trent, with an army which he had assembled -against the Welsh, when he heard of the confederates’ hostile movements, -and immediately marched towards Shrewsbury. On the 17th he was at -Lichfield, and taking the Watling St. Road, he probably entered the town -on the 19th over the English Bridge. By this course he secured the -passage of the Severn, and prevented Owen Glyndwr, who had advanced with -his forces to Oswestry, from crossing the river and effecting a junction -with Percy. - -Percy is said to have slept on the evening of the 19th at the mansion of -the Bettons at Upper Berwick, on the site where Mr. Edgerley’s residence -now stands. Tradition says that he cut the outline of his hand on a -panel with a pen-knife, and a wise woman prophesied that the Bettons -should retain their estate so long as they kept the panel. The Bettons -are said to have lost the panel in the present century, and they have -parted with their estate also. - -As the king had nothing to gain by delay, it was clearly his interest to -fight before Glyndwr could bring up his forces, and especially as his -army was superior in numbers to Percy’s. And so it seems probable that, -early on the morning of the 20th July, he sent a body of troops, under -the nominal command of Prince Henry, then 14 years old, to come up with -Percy at Upper Berwick, if possible; whilst he himself with the main body -marched along Castle Foregate and the Hadnall Road, ready to proceed, -either towards Upper Berwick and so hem Percy in between his two -divisions, or to intercept his retreat should he attempt to march to the -east. Percy broke up in some disorder, and marched by Harlescot and -Albright Hussey to Hateley-field, probably with the intention of -retreating through Hodnet and Market Drayton northwards, but finding a -retreat impracticable in the face of a superior force, no course remained -for him but to turn at bay and fight. - -Percy accordingly marshalled his forces, posting a portion of them behind -a field of peas, in order to afford some obstacle to the royal attack. -They were chiefly stationed on the north side of the present Church, in a -field called the Hateleys. Tradition says that Percy called for his -favourite sword, but being told that it was left behind at Berwick, of -which village he had not till then learned the name, he turned pale and -exclaimed, “I perceive that my plough is drawing to its last furrow, for -a wizard told me in Northumberland that I should perish at Berwick, which -I vainly interpreted of that town in the north.” - -The king’s forces were divided into two columns, of which he commanded -one in person, and entrusted the other to his son. The field on the east -of the church is called the King’s Croft, and here perhaps were ranged -the troops which the king himself commanded. - -When the armies were drawn up, facing each other, waiting for the signal -to begin, the Abbot of Shrewsbury left the royal army and came to Percy, -in the hope of effecting peace between the two parties. On behalf of the -king he offered pardon to Percy and his adherents, if they would lay down -their arms, and a redress of grievances. The stern temper of the Earl of -Worcester however rejected all attempts at conciliation; and both sides -flew to arms. The two armies were not equal in numbers. Percy had -14,000 men, including a large force of Cheshire archers. The royal array -was probably nearly double that number; for 40,000 men are said to have -been engaged in the battle. - -The battle commenced by a fierce discharge of arrows on both sides, and -raged with violence. Percy, with the Earl of Douglas and some thirty -others, in the heat of the battle, bent on the king’s destruction, -valiantly forced their way into the centre of his forces. At one period -Henry’s van was broken, his standard overthrown; his son Prince Henry was -wounded in the face by an arrow; Edmund, Earl of Stafford, Sir Walter -Blount, and three other persons armed like the king, were slain; and the -king himself was unhorsed, and likely to be slain, had he not been -withdrawn from danger by Dunbar, the Scottish Earl of March. At an -important moment, Henry brought up his reserve, which seems to have -turned the scale; and Percy himself was killed by an unknown hand, either -by a spear, or by an arrow which pierced his brain, alone, and surrounded -by his foes. The king at once took advantage of this, and shouted aloud, -“Henry Percy is dead;” and the insurgent forces gave way and fled in -every direction. The battle had lasted three hours. - -On Henry’s side, 3,000 are said to have been wounded, and about 1,600 -slain, including Edmund Earl of Stafford, Sir Hugh Stanley, Sir John -Clifton, Sir John Cokaine, Sir Nicholas Gausel, Sir Walter Blount, Sir -John Calverley, Sir John Massey, of Puddington, Sir Hugh Mortimer, Sir -Richard Sandford, and Sir Robert Gausel. On Percy’s side the loss of -those slain in the battle or pursuit has been estimated at 5,000, -including Sir John Massey, of Tatton, and 200 knights and gentlemen of -Cheshire. The Earl of Worcester, Sir Richard Venables, and Sir Richard -Vernon, were taken prisoners, and beheaded on the 21st at the High Cross -at Shrewsbury. Worcester’s head was set up over London Bridge; his -headless body is conjectured to have been buried in the Leyburnes’ tomb -in the chapel of the Holy Trinity in St. Mary’s Salop. Percy’s body was -at first decently interred by his kinsman Lord Furnival; but was -afterwards taken up, and placed for public exhibition between two -millstones near the pillory in Shrewsbury, and then beheaded and -quartered, and portions sent to several towns in England. - -The dead were buried in a large trench or pit made on the field of -battle, near the spot where the church was afterwards built. Many years -ago, when a drain was made to carry off the wet from the Corbet vault in -the small close lying on the north side of the chancel, the workmen cut -through large masses of human bones. Many others, some in leaden -coffins, were found lying underneath the flooring of the church, when it -was being restored, about 1860. No doubt numbers of the slain were -interred in other fields and meadows in the neighbourhood. Many persons -of note, who perished in the battle, were interred at the Augustine -Friars and Friar-preachers in Shrewsbury. - -A few fragments of armour, spurs, and other relics, have been from time -to time dug up on the site of the field of battle, but in comparatively -small quantities. At Sundorne Castle are preserved two helmets and -several cuirasses, swords, pikes, &c. Mr. Pountney Smith possesses a -cast-iron cannon-ball, about three inches in diameter, and weighing -nearly 4lbs; and another gentleman residing in Shrewsbury has a sword. -Grose in his _Military Antiquities_ gives an engraving of a bill, or more -probably a gisarme. Two shields were ploughed up in the year 1823. - -In the field on the south side of the church are a number of mounds and -ditches. Are these earthworks connected with the field of battle, or are -they foundations of the college buildings, or mounds for the burial of -those slain in the battle, or are they merely old gravel-pits? The -matter is worth investigation. - -Owen Glyndwr is said to have been unable to ford the Severn and join -Percy, owing to the waters being swollen. Tradition makes him to have -ascended the branches of a lofty oak at Shelton, whose venerable trunk -still remains, and there to have waited the issue of the battle. Another -account states that he was at the time besieging Caermarthen, and was not -near Shrewsbury. - -The battle of Shrewsbury was one of the decisive battles in the history -of England. Had Percy been successful, and the King defeated, the -Lancastrian dynasty would probably not have occupied the throne of -England. What turn the course of events would then have taken, it is -impossible even to conjecture. Henry’s victory established the -Lancastrian dynasty on the throne for nearly 60 years. - - - - -FOUNDATION OF THE CHURCH AND CHANTRY. - - -The battle of Shrewsbury was fought on the vigil or eve of St. Mary -Magdalene, Saturday, 21st July, 1403; and the place where it was fought -has ever since been called Battlefield. In gratitude for, and in -commemoration of this victory, the present church of Battlefield was -erected, and dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, and a college of secular -canons was formed to serve it. Its erection has often been ascribed to -Henry IV., but the real founder of the church was Roger Ive, priest, of -Leaton, rector of Fitz in 1399, and of Albright Hussey from 1398 to 1447, -and a staunch Lancastrian. - - [Picture: Battlefield Church about 1750] - -The site on which the church was built was given by Richard Hussey, Esq., -of Albrighton Hussey, who on the 28th October, 1406, obtained license -from King Henry to assign to Roger Yve and John Gilberd, chaplains, in -frankalmoign, two acres of land in Albrighton Hussey, lying in a certain -field called Hayteleyfeld, in which a battle was fought between the king -and Henry Percy, lately his adversary deceased, to celebrate divine -service daily in a certain chapel there, to be by them newly built, for -the king’s salvation during his life, and after his death for his soul, -and for the souls of his progenitors and of those who were slain in the -battle and were there buried, and for the souls of all the faithful -departed. - -The church was accordingly at once begun, and it seems to have been -completed, at least sufficiently for divine service to be performed, in -March, 1408–9, when the king, by letters patent, founded and established -the church into a perpetual chantry of eight chaplains, one of whom was -to be master; the said master and chaplains to be capable of acquiring -lands; and he further endowed the Chantry with the advowson of the church -of Michaellskirke, in Lancashire. In August, 1409, the receiver of -Tutbury was commanded to deliver a quantity of lead to cover the new -chapel. Before February, 1409–10, Roger Ive surrendered the land and -chapel into the hands of the king; from whom in March or May, 1410, he -received a new and fuller grant of the same, in which the said piece of -land is described as being enclosed by a ditch, and containing in length -and breadth two acres, together with two inlets and outlets, one -extending in length from Hadenallestone directly upon land of Richard -Hussey and the said piece of land, and containing in breadth 20 feet, and -the other in length from Harlascotelone directly upon land of the said -Richard, and containing in breadth 20 feet. The king established the -chapel of St. Mary Magdalene into a perpetual Chantry of six chaplains, -of which Roger Ive and his successors, rectors of the chapel of St. John -Baptist at Albright Hussey, were to be masters, and Richard Hussey and -his heirs patrons. He endowed it with the advowsons of Michaellskirke in -Lancashire, St. Andrew of Iddesale (or Shiffnall), and the free royal -chapel of St. Michael within the Castle Salop, to which the chapel of St. -Juliana of Salop was appurtenant or appendent. And he granted to Ive -freedom from tenths, fifteenths, subsidies, &c.; and that he and his -successors should have a fair at the Chantry each year on the feast of -St. Mary Magdalene. John Repynton had been warden of St. Michael’s with -St. Julian’s, but resigned these into the hands of King Henry V., in May -1417. - -The above Charter of 27th March (or May) 1410, was practically the -Foundation Charter of the Chantry, and it was confirmed by Henry V. on -the 17th June, 1414, by Henry VI. on the 17th November, 1425, and by -Henry VII. on the 29th June, 1485. Ive himself received a general pardon -from Henry VI. in October 1424; and in December 1445 had license for -himself and his co-chaplains quietly to celebrate divine service without -fear of arrests, fines, amerciaments, &c. - -Roger Ive’s will, which is dated 13th October, 1444, contains the -regulations and ordinances for the chantry or college. By it, he directs -his body to be buried in a stone tomb near the high altar. He bequeaths -to the five chaplains three chalices, a paxbrede, two cruets, three brass -bells hanging in the belfry, three crosses, and a number of books and -vestments. The chaplains were to dwell in the mansion already built -there, and were to dine and sup together, and not in their own rooms. -They were not to leave the college by night or by day without the -master’s leave, under a penalty of 3s. 4d. They were each to swear and -perform obedience to their master, and were to receive a stipend of eight -marcs a year apiece, and two more for praying at every mass for the -testator, and keeping his obit annually. They were to pray for the souls -of Henry IV. and V., founders of the college, of Richard Hussey, senior, -the first patron, and Isolda, his wife, of John Hussey, Richard Hussey -the father of Richard Hussey then living, and Thomas Hussey, of Roger -Ive, the first master and his parents, of William Howyke of Pountfret and -Sir Thomas Kyrkeby, chaplains, and for the souls of all the faithful -departed slain in the field of Battlefield, and there buried. Minute -directions are given as to the services to be performed. The alms from -indulgences granted to the college were to be expended about the building -and work of the belfry, and when this was finished, then for the -sustentation of the poor in the college, and repair of their alms house. -Besides the advowsons before mentioned, he leaves them the profits of the -Chapel of Dadele (Dawley), the town and grange of Aston, and the Chapel -of Forde. - -We have not much information extant about the college during the 150 -years of its existence. - -In 1445, Roger Ive seems to have prosecuted before the barons of the -exchequer a claim to exemption from taxation in respect of all the -benefices belonging to the college. The Bishop of Hereford certified -that Ford was an appurtenance of St. Juliana, Salop. The parishioners of -Ford seem to have complained that the college neglected to provide for -divine service there; and the Lord Chancellor wrote a letter between 1440 -and 1443 to the Bishop of Lichfield about this neglect, and desiring him -to remedy it, which is preserved in the Bishop’s Registers at Lichfield. - -A few years later the college claimed all the tithes of Derfald, which -they alleged belonged to them as possessors of St. Michael’s. Long -before, however, in Henry II.’s reign, Haghmond Abbey had purchased a -portion of Derfald. Accordingly an agreement was come to in 1462 between -Haghmond Abbey and the college, by which the Abbey was to receive the -tithes of the grange and of all lands etc. of Derfald, between the great -close of Cowlande, and the great slade jointly to the wood of Pimbeley, -called Darrerisden. - - - - -DISSOLUTION OF THE COLLEGE. - - -The College or Chantry of Battlefield continued for nearly 150 years, and -divine service was no doubt duly celebrated by the chaplains, as directed -by the foundation charter, and the will of the first master. - -In 1534 an Act was passed, which gave the first-fruits and tenths to the -king; and the Master of the College duly made a return of the annual -value of the property belonging to the college, which consisted of lands -in Aston near Shiffnal, and the tithes of St. Michael de Wyre, Idsall, -Dawley, St. Julian Salop, Ford, and Albright Hussey, besides certain -offerings, the total annual value then being £56 1s. 4d. Payments to the -ministers of St. Julian and Idsall, and procurations, &c. came to £1 19s. -6d. The balance, amounting to £54 1s. 10d., being divisible amongst the -master and chaplains, the master receiving £34 1s. 10d. and the five -chaplains £4 apiece. The King’s tenth came to £5 8s. 2¼d. - -In 1545 all chapels and chantries were given to the King. The -possessions of the college were declared to be of the yearly value of £8 -15s., and the house unlet was valued at 10s. a year. There were 12 oz. -of plate, and some other goods. The Church was stated not to be a parish -church, but to be within the parish of Albrighton Hussey. On Edward -VI.’s accession to the Throne, the Lands belonging to the chantries were -given to the Crown. The certificate then made by Sir Geo. Blount, Knt., -states the net revenues to be of the value of £44 8s. 8d., of which the -master received £19 6s., and 4 chaplains £5 6s. 8d. apiece, and the goods -to be worth 13s. 4d. - -The college was then dissolved, and the property sold to various -purchasers. The site of the college, and cottages or booths near erected -for the market there, the chapel and tithes of Albright Hussey, the -tithes of Harlescot, and the Rectory of St. Julian’s were sold to John -Cupper and Richard Trevor in 1550; land at St. Michael on Wyre to John -Pykarell and John Barnard, and to Richard Palladye; and Aston near -Shiffnal to Tho. Sydney and Nicholas Halswell. - -The College is thus described in the _Particulars for Grants_ made -_temp._ Edward VI.:— - - “The mansion or site of the said late College, with all houses - edifices one dovecote one garden and two orchards within the said - site and precinct, late in the tenure of the master and combrethren - of the same late College; besides 2s. 4d. from the rent of a chamber - called the Curates Lodging assigned and reserved to the procurator - there, now in the tenure of Edward Shorde curate, valued and assessed - by the Commissioner of our Lord the King there at 17s. 8d. per - annum.” - - “Certain Cottages or lez Bothes built upon land of Richard Hussey - near the site of the said late College, placed there only in market - time, with the outgoings tolls and other profits arising annually in - the time of a market held there on the Feast of the Blessed Mary - Magdalene, worth per annum 21s. 4d.” - - “The same was given for certain yearly obits to be kept with the said - late College. There be no woods upon any the premises.” - -The Commissioners left Edward Shorde, one of the chaplains, to serve the -church, with a chamber or lodging; and the following goods to carry on -the services, a return of which was made in August, 1553,—3 bells, 2 -great and a sanctus bell, 2 vestments, 2 altar cloths, a chalice with a -paten parcel gilt weighing 10 ounces, a pair of small laten candlesticks, -and a pair of cruets. - -Albright Hussey Church having probably long before this fallen down, -Battlefield Church became now, though without any definite settlement, -practically the parish church for the old parish of Albright Hussey, and -it has so continued ever since. - - - - -THE SEAL OF THE COLLEGE. - - -Dukes, in his _Antiquities of Shropshire_, gives an engraving of the -College Seal. It represents the Blessed Virgin crowned, the Child in her -right hand, in her left a palm branch. On the dexter side a Shield of -Arms, Quarterly France and England. On the sinister side, a chevron -engrailed between three birds. Over each shield a sword erect. The -legend being,—“S. Commune-Domini. Rogeri. Ive. primi. magistri. et. -successorum. suorum. Collegii. Beatæ. Mariæ. Magdalenæ. juxta. Salop.” -This was probably the first seal of the College. - -Roger Ive, in 1444, complains that it had been fabricated, and orders a -new Seal for the College,—In the centre, the image of the Holy Trinity, -with the image of S. Mary Magdalene on the dexter side, and of S. John -Baptist on the sinister side, at their feet the image of Roger Ive -kneeling. The legend to be the same as before. I do not know that any -impression of this second Seal has been preserved. - - - - -MASTERS OF THE COLLEGE. - - -The following is an imperfect list of the Masters or Wardens of the -College:— - -Roger Ive, of Leaton; rector of Fitz 1399, and of Albright Hussey 1398 to -1447; first master. - -Roger Phillipps, living in 1463, and 1480. - -Adam Grafton, LL.B., 1490 and 1509; chaplain to Edward V. and Prince -Arthur; vicar of St. Alkmund’s, Salop, 1473 to 1489; rector of Upton with -Withington 1494; canon of St. Chad’s 1494; prebendary of Lichfield 1497; -archdeacon of Salop 1504 to 1514; archdeacon of Stafford; dean of St. -Mary’s Salop; died 24 July, 1530; buried at Withington, where a brass -represents him as vested in a cope, and in an act of prayer. He erected -or completed the tower of Battlefield Church in 1503. - -John Hussey, 1521. - -Humphrey Thomas, 1525 and 1530. - -John Hussey, admitted 18 Oct., 1535; aged 40 in 1549; last master. - - - - -DESCRIPTION OF THE CHURCH. - - -Battlefield Church was, as we have seen, doubtless erected in the years -1407 and 1408, excepting the tower, which was completed a century later. -It is entirely of the perpendicular style of architecture, with the -exception of one window on the north side of the church and two on the -south side which have reticulated tracery in their heads. The church is -not, strictly speaking, divided into nave and chancel, as is usual in -parish churches, but consists of one covered space only, and is uniform -in its character throughout. - -The length of the nave and chancel inside is 94 feet, and of the tower 18 -feet; the breadth of the nave is 28 feet, and of the tower 14 feet; the -total length outside being 119 feet, and the breadth 33 feet. - -On the South side of the church was the cemetery or burial ground, -formerly enclosed by a stone wall which came up to the church, at its -south east and south west corners, and had an exit at the west end. The -dimensions of the cemetery are given in one of the _Morris MSS._ in the -Salop Free Library as follows,—length 126 feet, breadth 80 feet, -including the church; from the east end of the church to the ditch, 57 -feet; from north to south between the ditch, 222 feet; width of the -ditch, 22 feet. This stone wall, which was probably coeval with the -church, was taken down at the restoration in 1862. The church and -college originally stood in an oblong space enclosed by a moat, which may -still in places be traced. - -The tower is about 100 years later than the rest of the church, and was -completed by Adam Grafton, master of the college, in 1503. His initials -and the date, A.G. 1503, occur on a shield on the east side of the tower. -Roger Ive by his will in 1444, left directions as to certain alms being -accumulated for the building of the belfry; and the funds may have been -thus raised. The tower has eight pinnacles, which were mostly replaced -in 1862. It is surmounted by an embattled parapet of equal intervals, -with plain cappings. Just below the battlements, is a handsome carved -frieze or border, enriched with diamond shaped ornaments and quatrefoils. -On the west it has two windows, and one on the east, north, and south -sides. Over the higher of the west windows, in the middle of the frieze, -is an escutcheon bearing an animal, apparently a lion rampant passant; -and over the east window is an escutcheon having on it the inscription -A.G. 1503. The second floor of the tower is furnished with a fireplace, -having a chimney formed within the thickness of the wall, and opening -outside the western window of the bell chamber. Exterior buttresses are -built at the corners of the tower, and a square projection on its -south-east corner has a spiral staircase to the top. The tower is not -placed at right angles to the body of the church. The break in the -stonework at its eastern wall, the comparative rudeness of the mouldings, -the absence of a second plinth mould to the base, and the coarse -treatment of the angle buttresses at their lower weatherings, all bear -out the statement that the tower is a hundred years later than the body -of the church. - -The church was probably all of one pace originally, and no division made -between nave and chancel externally. The exterior, between the windows, -is supported by handsome stone buttresses. And it seems clear that there -never was any clerestory. - -With the exception of the three already referred to, the windows are all -of the perpendicular style, though in some of them there are evidences of -a lingering fondness for the flowing lines of decorated tracery. Some of -the windows have the dripstones terminating at the bottom with plain -returns, others with representations of human heads. The three windows -with reticulated tracery in their heads, one on the north and two on the -south side, are in style a century earlier than the rest of the windows. -How can they be accounted for? One theory is that the church was -designed by an architect from France, where the decorated style remained -longer than in England. Another, and more probable, theory is that they -were brought from the neighbouring church of Albright Hussey, which, -judging from the window mouldings in the fragment that remains, was of -14th century architecture, and was probably suffered to fall into decay -when Battlefield Church was built. - -The east window is of five lights, and has handsome perpendicular -tracery. The present stained glass in it is modern, and represents our -Lord led out to crucifixion, followed by the women, the home at Bethany, -Mary wiping Christ’s feet, the women at the Sepulchre, and the Risen Lord -appearing to Mary,—all scenes in the history of St. Mary Magdalene. -Above are the Evangelists and four greater Prophets. The old stained -glass represented the decollation of St. John Baptist, and was probably -brought from Albright Hussey church, which was dedicated to that saint. -When the church was undergoing its first restoration in 1749, this glass -was taken down, and entrusted to the care of a neighbouring farmer, who -suffered his children and servants to destroy it, so that when it was to -be replaced only a few fragments could be found. These were inserted in -the window, much injured and dilapidated, and contained, amongst other -designs, two crowned heads, a human head in a dish, a chalice and wafer, -the crucifixion, some escutcheons of arms, and an inscription commencing -“Orate pro animabus Rogeri . . . hujusce capellani . . . .” These -fragments at the second restoration in 1862 were carried away to Prees -Church, and some portions to the ante-chapel at Sundorne Castle. - -The stained glass in the vestry, not of any high artistic merit, was not -originally in the church, but was brought from France by the Rev. A. J. -Pigott, and placed in the vestry. - -Outside the church, immediately over the East window, is a niche, -surmounted by a canopy, in which stands the statue of Henry IV., about -half life-size, crowned, with a dagger hanging on his left side, and his -right hand grasping a sword. - -On each side of the exterior of the chancel, near the East end, are -dripstones, as if intended for the arch of a window, carried up nearly to -a point. No window ever was thrown out in either place; and probably the -architect’s intention may have been to add small side chapels at some -future time. - -At the dissolution of the college, two great bells and a sanctus bell -were left. These bells are traditionally said to have been carried off -to Berrington or Wroxeter in the last century. In 1861 the only bell -went to St. Mary’s, Shrewsbury. The present bell is modern, and was cast -by Naylor, Vickers and Co. in 1861. - -The three sedilia with plain gothic arches, and the piscina adjoining, on -the south side of the altar, are original. - - [Picture: Our Lady of Pity with the dead Christ in her lap] - -In the chancel is a seated figure of “Our Lady of Pity,” the blessed -Virgin with the dead Christ in her lap. This is said to have been -brought here from Albright Hussey. It is 3ft. 9in. high, and carved out -of a block of oak hollowed behind. The execution of the image is good, -and it is probably of 14th century work. It was formerly seated in the -westernmost of the three sedilia. There was formerly another figure, -that of a man, in one of the other sedilia, but it was destroyed at the -first restoration of 1749. - -Some fragments of the original roof still remain, worked up into the -present chancel roof. The corbels at the spring of the roof trusses, -some of foliage, but mostly of heads, are original and are well carved. -Outside are a few of the original gurgoyles, though most were placed -there in 1861. - -The nave is entered by a doorway under the tower, which was reopened out -in 1861. There are also doors on the north and south sides of the nave, -the latter formerly leading into the cemetery; and on the north and south -sides of the chancel, the former leading into the vestry, the latter, -which formerly communicated with a priest’s chamber, being now bricked up -and the organ placed over it. - -Above the south chancel doorway, over the organ, nearly up to the roof, -is a small square aperture now bricked up, which communicated with an -outer priest’s chamber, and enabled its occupants to see inside the -church. On the south side of the church, near the second bay from the -eastern end, between the second and third buttresses may be seen some -masonry, the foundations of a building which was three storeys in height, -the upper storeys being approached by a circular staircase, of which the -foundations still remain. The lowest storey opened directly into the -church by the doorway now bricked up. From the upmost storey the little -square window opened into the church. On the buttresses may be seen some -projecting pieces of masonry, which supported the topmost storey; over -the doorway may be seen against the wall a projecting support for the -middle storey. These little rooms were probably only about 9ft. square, -and were for the accommodation of the priests whilst on duty at the -church. - -A modern screen divides the choir from the nave. Round the church are -fixed a number of shields bearing the arms of those knights and others -who fell in the battle. - -The font is modern, though a portion of the ancient font was lying in the -tower in the year 1856, and a second font was erected in 1749 probably -and taken away in 1861. - -The vestry, or strictly speaking the Corbet mortuary chapel, was erected -in 1861 over the place of interment of the family of Corbet of Sundorne -Castle and Pimley. The Corbets are the patrons and proprietors of -Battlefield. - -On the north side of the chancel is a large and handsome monument erected -in December 1821, to the memory of John Corbet, Esq., and several members -of his family. John Corbet died 19 May 1817, aged 65 years; Emma -Elizabeth, his first wife, and daughter of Sir Charlton Leighton, Bart., -died 19 September, 1797; Annabella, wife of Sir Theodore Henry Lavington -Brinckman, Baronet, and daughter of John Corbet, Esq., died 24th January, -1864, aged 61. Several other of this family are also named on this -monument, and lie buried in the vault, which was made in August 1797. - -A brass, mounted on jasper, affixed to the south wall of the tower, -commemorates the restoration of 1861. It bears this inscription:—“This -church, dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, was built and endowed by Henry -IV. in memory of the battle of Shrewsbury 1403. Having fallen into -decay, its restoration, originated by public subscription, was finally -completed in the year of Our Lord 1861, at the private cost of Annabella, -wife of Sir Theodore Brinckman, Bart., according to plans prepared by -Pountney Smith, Architect. Soli Deo Gloria.” - - - - -THE RESTORATIONS OF 1749 AND 1861. - - -Battlefield Church has twice been restored, first about the year 1749, at -whose expense we do not know, and again in 1861 at the cost of Lady -Brinckman. - - [Picture: Battlefield Church in 1792] - -I fix upon 1749 as the approximate date of the first restoration for -several reasons. The Parish Register that year speaks of “the church -then down,” Mr. Leonard Hotchkiss being the minister. In 1746 “briefs” -were being collected for the church. The earliest known engraving, after -a sketch by James Bowen, of the north side of the church, which cannot -have been engraved later than 1769, as Mr. Percy (afterwards Bishop of -Dromore), had a copy that year, represents the church as then being in a -perfect state externally, and states “this church was rebuilt a few years -since.” The _Archæologia_ for 1803 states that “the church was repaired -and altered about 50 or 60 years ago.” All this points to 1749 as the -date. - - [Picture: Battlefield Church, before its restoration in 1861] - -Probably little had been done to the church from the time of the -dissolution of the college down to 1749, and it had been allowed to fall -into a bad state. The Puritans, too, during the commonwealth are said to -have damaged it. At all events, about 1749 some considerable reparations -were effected. The church was probably newly roofed, though still kept -all of one pace, and somewhat lowered. The buttresses were surmounted by -heads or gurgoyles. The roof, too, was plastered and whitewashed. The -stained glass was removed from the east window, and, being carelessly -kept, was much broken, and only some fragments re-inserted. The old font -was taken away, and a new one placed in the church. The tower was bound -together with iron bars, nuts, and screws. The parapets, if there were -any round the church, and most of the pinnacles and gurgoyles were taken -down. A new bell was placed in the tower, which seems to have borne the -inscription, “Ab. Rudhall of Gloucester cast me, 1755.” We must feel -thankful that the “restoration” was not carried to greater lengths and -that the walls and tower were spared. - -The work done about 1749 was not of a permanent nature. In a few years’ -time the roof of the nave portion of the building must have fallen in, -and no attempt was made to replace it. Fearing that the roof of the -chancel portion might also give way, four ugly circular Doric pillars on -pedestals were introduced to support it; and a brick wall was built at -the west end of the chancel, separating it from the nave. From this -time, and until 1861, the chancel only was used for divine service. The -nave was suffered to fall into complete decay. The buttresses of the -chancel were a little shortened, and the gurgoyles removed. - -When the roof of the nave fell in we do not know, but certainly before -1792. In 1810, the nave and steeple were ruinous, though “the whole was -entire within the memory of persons now living.” - -In November, 1855, the late Mr. S. Pountney Smith, of Shrewsbury, made a -set of plans for the restoration of the church, though the work was not -finally accomplished until the year 1861. The expense of the work, -amounting to £4,000, was borne by Lady Brinckman. It took twelve months -to carry out. The tower was completely renovated, the nave repaired, the -new columns in the chancel taken away, and the whole new-roofed, and put -into a thorough state of repair. A new parapet was placed round the nave -and chancel, that on the nave being plain, whilst the chancel parapet was -pierced with quatrefoils, and enriched with pinnacles. A new vestry, or -Corbet mortuary chapel was built on the north side of the chancel. The -church was re-opened on Friday, November 1st, All Saints’ Day, 1861, the -preacher being the Bishop of Oxford. - -The new work was on the whole, when we consider the dilapidated state of -the church, thoroughly well carried out. Perhaps the chief defect is the -marked distinction made between nave and chancel, which is unusual in -Collegiate Churches, and in this church never existed. It would have -been better if both had been kept of the same pace, and had been -decorated and finished alike. It seems to have been a mistake, too, to -pull down the cemetery wall on the south side of the church, which had -existed ever since its first erection. - -The Vicarage House was built about 1862, at some little distance west -from the church. The site of the old college has never yet been -ascertained; it may have stood on the east side of the church; and it is -not known when it was taken down. Nor is it known where the almshouse or -hospital for poor men stood, nor how long it lasted, nor when it was -destroyed. Both probably did not remain long after the dissolution of -the chantry. - -The church is distant three miles from Shrewsbury. Proceeding down the -Hadnall Road, it comes into sight directly after passing the Old Heath -Farm (Mr. John Randles) on the left-hand side, and looks most picturesque -with its handsome tower flanked by the woods on its north side. - - - - -INCUMBENTS OF BATTLEFIELD. - - -The following is an imperfect list of the Incumbents of Battlefield, -chiefly taken from the Parish Registers, which commence in 1663. From -1749 until 1875, Battlefield and Uffington were held together by the same -Incumbent. - -1553. Edwarde Shorde, formerly chaplain, left in charge by the King’s -Commissioners. - -16.. Thomas Orpe, ejected from Stanton-Hine, preferred by Mr. Pelham -Corbet to Battlefield, which was then worth 5 marks per annum. - -1694. Roger Eddowes, curate; mar. 21 Jan. 1717, Elizabeth Young; died 1 -May, 1728. His widow was buried 12 April, 1731. - -1749. Leonard Hotchkiss, M.A., St. John’s Coll., Cambridge; for 19 years -Headmaster of Shrewsbury School; died 12 November, 1771, aged 80; buried -in S. Mary’s, Salop. Sarah, his wife, died in 1759, aged 81. His -portrait is in the entrance hall at Shrewsbury School. - -1772. Beaumont Dixie, of Emmanuel Coll., Cambridge; son of Rev. Beaumont -Dixie and Elizabeth, dau. of Andrew Corbet, of Shrewsbury; vicar of St. -Peter’s, Derby, 1773; died at Dalbury, co. Derby, 10 May, 1786; he mar. -Margaret, dau. of Richard Shewin, and his eldest son, Sir Beaumout Dixie, -succeeded in 1806 as sixth baronet. - -1786. Edward Williams, M.A. and Fellow of All Souls’ College Oxford; the -well-known Shropshire topographical collector; several of his MSS. are -now in the British Museum; others were sold at Lord Berwick’s sale in -1843. He died 3 Jan. 1833, aged 70, and was buried on the south side of -the church on the 10th. - -1833. John Oliver Hopkins, M.A., of Magdalen College, Cambridge, vicar -until 1851; afterwards vicar of St. Mary’s, Salop, 1852; died 1 August, -1853, buried in St. Mary’s Churchyard on the N.E. corner. His widow, -Beatrice Julia, daughter of Egerton Leigh, esq., re-married in 1859 the -Rev. Robert Linden Burton. - -1852. Arthur James Pigott, B.A. and postmaster of Merton Coll., Oxford; -3rd son of the Rev. John Dryden Pigott, of Edgmond; born at Edgmond; -rebuilt Uffington, and restored Battle field Church; resigned his -incumbency, 1872; died at Uffington, 19 July, 1881, aged 64. - -1872. Thomas Bainbridge, B.A., St. John’s Coll., Cambridge; vicar of -Uffington 1872 to 1875, when the vicarages were divided. - - - - -ILLUSTRATIONS. - - -The Plates are as follows:— - -1. Battlefield Church as it appeared after the first restoration of -1749. From an engraving by Fras. Parry, after a drawing by Jas. Bowen, -Salop. The earliest known sketch of the Church. N. View. (Faces _p._ -8.) {26} - -2. The Church as it appeared in 1792, after the nave had fallen in. -From an engraving in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_, communicated by D. -Parkes. The old stone wall is figured in the sketch. S. View. (_Faces -p._ 22.) - -3. The Church as it appeared shortly before the second restoration of -1861. S. View. (_Faces p._ 23.) - -4. The Church as it now is, shewing the external alterations made by Mr. -S. Pountney Smith, at the second restoration of 1861. S. View. (_Faces -Title-page_.) - -5. The wooden image of “Our Lady of Pity,” placed in the Sedilia. From -an engraving in the _Gentleman’s Magazine_, 1792. (_See p._ 19.) - - [Picture: Decorative graphic] - - SHREWSBURY: - “Eddowes’s Shrewsbury Journal” Offices, - 7, The Square. - - - - -FOOTNOTE. - - -{26} This illustration was meant to face page 22, but the printer has it -facing page 8.—DP. - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BATTLEFIELD CHURCH, SALOP*** - - -******* This file should be named 62225-0.txt or 62225-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/2/2/62225 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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