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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1be85e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #62502 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/62502) diff --git a/old/62502-0.txt b/old/62502-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 959a085..0000000 --- a/old/62502-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11362 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Records, historical and antiquarian, of -Parishes Round Horncastle, by J. Conway Walter - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Records, historical and antiquarian, of Parishes Round Horncastle - - -Author: J. Conway Walter - - - -Release Date: June 27, 2020 [eBook #62502] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RECORDS, HISTORICAL AND -ANTIQUARIAN, OF PARISHES ROUND HORNCASTLE*** - - -Transcribed from the 1904 W. K. Morton edition, by David Price, email -ccx074@pglaf.org - - [Picture: Book cover] - - [Picture: Photograph of J. Conway Walter with his signature] - - - - - - Records, - HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN, - OF - Parishes Round Horncastle. - - - * * * * * - - BY - J. CONWAY WALTER, - - AUTHOR OF “RECORDS OF WOODHALL SPA,” “THE AYSCOUGHS,” - “LITERÆ LAUREATÆ,” &c. - - [Picture: Ancient Chrismatory, see page 38] - - Ancient Chrismatory, see page 38. - - * * * * * - - HORNCASTLE: - W. K. MORTON, HIGH STREET, - 1904. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -In perusing the following pages, readers, who may be specially interested -in some one particular parish with which they are connected, may in -certain cases be disappointed on not finding such parish here described, -as they have previously seen it, along with the others, in the columns of -the “Horncastle News,” where these ‘Records’ first appeared. This may -arise from one of two causes:— - -(1) The volume published in 1899, entitled “Records of Woodhall Spa and -Neighbourhood” (which was very favourably received), contained accounts -of parishes extending from Somersby and Harrington in the east of the -district, to Horsington and Bucknall in the west, with others between; as -being likely to interest visitors to that growing health resort. These, -therefore, do not find a place in this volume. - -(2) Further it is proposed that in the near future this volume shall be -followed by a “History of Horncastle,” already approaching completion, -and with it accounts of the fourteen parishes within its “soke.” These, -again, are, consequently, not here given. - -The Records of all these different parishes will be found in the volumes -to which they respectively belong. - -In again submitting a work of this character to the many friends whom his -former volume has gained for him, the author wishes to say that he is -himself fully alive to its imperfections; none could be more so. In not -a few instances it has, almost perforce, come short of his own aim and -aspirations; the material available in connection with some of the -parishes described having proved meagre beyond expectation. In many -chains links have been lost; there are gaps—in some cases a yawning -hiatus—which it has been found impossible to fill. - -Further, as the account of each parish was intended originally to be -complete in itself, and several parishes have, at different periods, had -the same owners, there will be found, of necessity, some cases of -repetition as to individuals, their character, or incidents connected -with them. - -Anyone who reads the book will see that it has involved no small amount -of labour; whether in visiting (always on foot) the many localities -described (in all more than 70 parishes having been visited); or in the -careful search and research, necessary in many directions, for the -information required. - -In both these respects, however, the task has been a congenial one, and -of more or less engrossing interest, thus bringing its own reward. - -It has been said by a thoughtful writer that no one can enjoy the country -so thoroughly as the pedestrian who passes through it leisurely. - -We all, instinctively (if not vitiated), have a love of the country. As -Cowper has said:— - - “’Tis born with all; the love of Nature’s works - Is an ingredient in the compound man, - Infused at the creation of his kind.”—(“The Task.”) - -It is not, however, the cyclist, who rushes through our rural charms with -head in the position of a battering ram, and frame quivering with the -vibration engendered of his vehicle, who can dwell on these attractions -with full appreciation. Nor is it his more reckless brother, the -motorist, who crashes along our country roads, with powers of observation -narrowed by hideous binocular vizor, and at a speed whose centrifugal -force drives in terror every other wayfarer—chicken, child, woman, or -man—to fly like sparks from anvil in all directions, if haply they may -even so escape destruction. For him, we might suppose, the fascination -must be to outstrip the thunderbolt, not to linger over mundane scenery. -But to the man who walks deliberately, and with an observant eye for all -about him, to him indeed nature unfolds her choicest treasures. Not only -antiquities such as the British, Roman, or Danish camps on the hill sides -above him have their special attractions; but the very hedge-rows and -banks, with their wealth of flower and of insect life, the quarries with -their different fossils, the ice-borne boulders scattered about, and even -the local, and often quaint, human characters, whom he may meet and chat -with. All these afford him sources of varied interest as well as -instruction. - -The process, again, of antiquarian investigation is absorbing and -recuperative, alike to man and matter, bringing to life, as it were, -habits and customs long buried in the “limbo” of the past, re-clothing -dry bones with flesh, uniting those no longer articulate; like the kilted -warriors springing to their feet, on all sides, from the heather, at the -signal of some Rhoderick Dhu. Here also, albeit, the recording MSS and -folios may be “fusty,” knights of old are summoned up, as by a long -forgotten roll-call, to fight their battles over again; or high-born -dames and “ladyes fayre,” may unfold anew unknown romances. - -With our span-new Rural, Urban and County Councils, we are apt to fancy -that only now, in this twentieth century, is our little world awakening -to real activity; but the antiquary, as by a magician’s wand, can conjure -up scenes dispelling such illusions; and anyone, who reads the following -pages, may see that the humblest of our rural villages may have had a -past of stirring incident, which must be little short of a revelation to -most of its present occupants, “not dreamt of in their simple -philosophy.” - -Among the calls of other duties, to one whose occupations are by no means -limited to this particular field of labour, the work had often, of -necessity, to be suspended, and so its continuity was liable to be broken -into a collection of _disjecta corporis membra_. Such, however, as they -are, the author submits these ‘Records’ to future generous readers, in -the confident hope that they will make due allowance for the varied -difficulties with which he has had to contend. - -He could wish the results attained were more worthy of their acceptance; -but he has some satisfaction in the feeling that, in his humble degree, -he has opened up, as it were, a new world (though still an old one) for -their contemplation. - -A popular writer has said: “To realise the charm and wealth of interest -of a country side, even in one’s armchair, is an intellectual pleasure of -no mean order.” If the old-time incidents found in the following pages -enliven some of our modern “ingle neuks,” the author will, in some -degree, have gained his reward. - - J.C.W. - - - - -CORRIGENDA. {0} - - -Page 1, line 23, _for_ moot-free _read_ moot-tree. -„ 3, line 11, _for_ Creœceur _read_ Creveceur. -„ 8, line 24, _for_ Sharford _read_ Snarford. -„ 14, line 13, _for_ resident _read_ residence. -„ 18, line 20, _for_ Ascham _read_ Acham. -„ 19, line 9, _for_ Anjon _read_ Anjou. -„ 30, foot-note, _for_ Anjon _read_ Anjou. -„ 31, line 36, _for_ Stukley _read_ Stukeley. -„ 41, line 24, Richard, King, _omit comma_. -„ 44, line 28, Emperor of Constantine, _omit_ of. -„ 45, line 18, _for_ Improprietor _read_ Impropriator. -„ 50, line 1, _for_ Mabysshendery _read_ Mabysshenderby. -„ 51, line 31, _for_ Tessara _read_ Tessera. -„ 56, line 41, _for_ 1349 _read_ 1846. -,, 67, line 23, _for_ call _read_ called. -„ 114, last line, _for_ smalle _read_ smaller. -„ 116, line 8, _for_ Bernek _read_ Bernak. -„ 119, line 9, _for_ his misdeeds _read_ their misdeeds. -„ 125, foot note, _for_ one launcar _read_ one lance. -„ 126, line 34, _for_ 13th century _read_ 18_th_ century. -„ 128, line 35, _for_ attatched _read_ attached -„ 136, line 20, _for_ a aumbrey _read_ an aumbrey. -„ 136, line 42, _for_ Canon Oldfield _read_ Rev. G. R. Ekins. -„ 138, line 18, Asgarby Benefice is now held with Lusby, by Rev. C. E. -Bolam. -„ 154, line 35, _for_ right north _read_ left north. -„ 169, line 29, _for_ succumbuit _read_ succubuit. -,, 170, line 16, _for_ Almond _read_ Salmond. -„ 171, line 22, _for_ place _read_ places. -„ 184, line 5, _for_ sprays _read_ splays. -„ 185, line 12, _for_ similiar _read_ similar. -„ 190, line 41, _for_ Cladius _read_ Claudius. -„ 194, line 3 5, _for_ Creviceur _read_ Creveceur. - - - - -NOTES ON PARISHES ROUND HORNCASTLE. - - -ASHBY PUERORUM - - -is situated about five miles from Horncastle in an eastern direction, -lying between Somersby on the north-east, Greetham nearly west, and -Hagworthingham almost south. It includes the hamlets of Stainsby and -Holbeck. The register dates from 1627. Letters, via Horncastle, arrive -at 10 a.m. At Tetford is the nearest money order and telegraph office, -although there is in the village an office where postal orders and stamps -can be obtained. The principal owners of land are Earl Manvers, the -representatives of the late Mr. Pocklington Coltman, of Hagnaby Priory, -and F. W. S. Heywood, Esq., of Holbeck Hall. The antiquity of the parish -is implied in its name. “Ash” is the Danish “esshe” (the pronunciation -still locally used), and “by” is Danish for “farmstead.” Indeed, the -whole of the neighbourhood was overrun by the Danish Vikings, as is shewn -by the termination “by,” which is almost universal, as in Stainsby, -Somersby, three Enderbys, Spilsby, etc. The ash was probably the “moot” -tree of the village, beneath whose spreading shade the elders sat in -council. This tree was formerly held sacred. The “world-tree,” or “holy -ash” of the Danish mythology (called by the Druids “Yggdrasil”) was -supposed to have its top in heaven and its roots in hell {2a} (“Asgard -and the Gods,” by Wagner). I am aware that another derivation has been -suggested, viz., that “ash” represents the Norse “is,” “use,” “uisge” -(compare river Ouse), all of which mean “water,” as in Ashbourne, where -the latter syllable is only a later translation of the former, both -meaning water. But I cannot see that water is so prominent a local -feature as to give a name to this parish, nor to the other Ashbys in the -neighbourhood. {2b} - -The oldest official notice of the parish is in Domesday Book, where it is -stated that “in Aschebi, Odincarle (Wodin’s churl) and Chilbert had 4 -carucates (_i.e._, 480 acres) rateable” to the tax called “gelt,” their -whole land being 5 carucates or 600 acres. This was in Saxon times. -When William the Conqueror took possession these were deprived of their -property, and he bestowed the manor on Odo, Bishop of Baieux, who was his -half-brother on the mother’s side. On the bishop coming to England, -William created him Earl of Kent, and also Count Palatine, and -“Justitiarius Angliæ.” He was so powerful that historians of the day -described him as “Totius Angliæ Vice-dominus sub rege,” second only to -the King. He held, of the King’s gift, 76 manors in Lincolnshire, -besides 463 in other parts. This greatness, however, was his ruin, for, -from his pride and arrogancy, he incurred the Conqueror’s displeasure and -was sent to prison in Normandy. On the Conqueror’s death, in 1084, King -Rufus restored him to his honours, but, finding his power not so great as -formerly, he headed a conspiracy against Rufus in favour of Robert, Duke -of Normandy, and, failing in it, he fled to the Duke, who made him -governor of that Province, where he died in 1097. Ashby Puerorum was -thus again “in the market.” - -The subsequent history of Ashby is more or less enveloped in the folding -mists of antiquity. The clouds, however, do here and there lift a -little, and we get a glimpse into the past which enables us to form a -shrewd guess as to its early proprietors. Among the list of noble -soldiers contained in the famous “Battle Roll” of the Conqueror, as -coming over with him to England and fighting for him at Hastings, is the -name of Creuquere, or Creveceur, Latinized as “De corde Crepito,” which -some have rendered “of the craven heart,” not a very likely attribute of -a brave soldier. We prefer another rendering, “of the tender heart,” and -connect it with the legend of his rescuing a “ladye fayre” at the risk of -his own life, who was kept “in durance vile” by a knight of ill repute, -in his castle, situated in a lonesome forest. The name also took the -alternative form of De Curcy. A de Curcy was seneschal, or High Steward, -to Henry I., and it is a name which ranks high still. This Creveceur (we -are not sure of his Christian name) was one of a doughty race. Giraldus -Kambrensis tells us of one of them, who conquered the Irish kingdom of -Ulster in 1177 (Hibernia Expugnata, lib. ii., c. 16, 17), and was created -Earl of Ulster. He was of gigantic stature, and in a dispute between -Kings Philip of France and John of England, the former sent one of his -most redoubted knights to maintain his cause, but, the Creveceur being -appointed champion for John, the Frenchman thought it best to show a -clean pair of heels and shun the combat. In recognition of his valour -this Knight was allowed by King John to wear his hat in the King’s -presence, a privilege still enjoyed by Lord Kinsale, the present -representative of the family. Lord Forester had the same privilege -granted by Henry VIII. - -Now the Creveceurs were lords of considerable territory in the -neighbourhood of Ashby; for instance, at Bag Enderby, Somersby, Tetford, -etc., and in the document “Testa de Nevill” (circa 1215) it is stated -that Hugh Fitz Ralph is tenant, under the Barony of Cecilia de Creveceur, -of lands in Ashby, Tetford, etc. Other documents lead us back a little -further, as an “Assize Roll,” of date A.D. 1202, says that the property -came from Matilda de Creveceur, who was the daughter and heir of -Gislebert Fitz Gozelin, who held lands at Bag Enderby, etc., and this -last is named as owner in Domesday Book. - -Another name now appears. By an Assize Roll of 9 Edw. I. (A.D. 1280), -Thomas de Houton claims of Robert de Kirketon, and Beatrix his wife, -certain “rents and appurtenances in Ashby next Greetham (_i.e._, Ashby -Puerorum), Stainsby,” etc. - -The Kirketon family would seem eventually to have acquired a part of the -manor of Ashby Puerorum, and from them it passed to Lord Cromwell of -Tattershall. A Chancery Inquisition, held at Horncastle in 1453, shews -that the College at Tattershall held the advowsons of Ashby Puerorum, -Wood Enderby, Moorby, and several other benefices. By an Inquisition of -the same date and place, the Jurors state that the Manors of Ashby -Puerorum and certain other places belong to the Earl of Albemarle. After -that, at the Dissolution of Religious Houses (Tattershall College being -one), the King granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, most of their -lands in the neighbourhood, including those in Ashby Puerorum. This -brings us down to 1539. In course of time a general process of -dissolution also took place in ownership of land. The lands owned in -this parish by the Brandons, were sold (22 Elizabeth, _i.e._, in 1580) to -James Prescott, gentleman, who married a daughter of Sir Richard -Molineux, Knight. He had a son, John, whose widow married Lord -Willoughby of Parham (Architect. S. Journal vol. xxiii., pp. 128, 9). By -a Feet of Fines, held at Lincoln, of the same date, it is shewn that -George Gedney, Esq., and his descendents, also had lands in this parish -in 20 Henry VII. (A.D. 1504), etc. (Ibidem. p. 27.) All these lands -ultimately passed to Tattershall College. But even before that date it -would appear, by a Chancery Inquisition, held at Lincoln, A.D. 1504, that -Joan Eland, {4} the widow of Thomas Gedney, held lands in Ashby Puerorum, -Somersby, and other near places. - -Another prominent family now appears as owning the manor of, or at least -considerable lands in, Ashby Puerorum, viz., the Wentworths. A tradition -remains that Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, in the reign of Charles -I., and one of his Sovereign’s most faithful adherents, owned the manor -of Greetham. I have not been able fully to verify this, but a lease of -that parish was granted in 1685 (see my account of Greetham) to Sir -William Wentworth, Knight, of Ashby Puerorum, who was son of Sir William -Wentworth, who fell at the battle of Marston Moor, fighting for Charles -I. The Parish Award shows that Thomas, Earl of Strafford, was Lord of -the Manor in 1705. (“Architect. Soc. Journal,” 1891.) - -The succession of the Wentworths to this property probably came about in -this wise. We have seen that it passed from the Kirketons {5} to Lord -Cromwell, and the Cromwells were succeeded, through a marriage on the -female side, by the Fortescues; and Camden (“Britannia,” p. 266, ed. -1695) tells us that a daughter of Sir Adrian Fortescue (who was -attainted) being heiress of her mother, married the first Baron -Wentworth. - -The Wentworths were a very ancient family. They are now represented by -the Earls Fitzwilliam, one of whose names is Wentworth, and they own the -princely residence of Wentworth Castle, near Rotherham. They trace their -descent from Saxon Royalty, in the person of their ancestor, Sir William -Fitz Godric, cousin to King Edward the Confessor. (“Beauties of England. -Yorkshire,” p. 838.) - -It is worthy of note that one of this family, accompanying William the -Conqueror to England, fought so valiantly at the battle of Hastings that -William gave him a scarf from his own arm (presumably), to stanch a -wound. Drake, the historian, in his “Eboracensis,” gives plates of the -Wentworth monuments in York Cathedral. The Barony of Wentworth still -survives in the present Lord Wentworth, of Wentworth House, Chelsea, its -creation dating from 1529. - -We have now done with the Wentworths. Their property at Ashby descended, -towards the end of the 18th century, to Mr. Stevens Dineley Totton, from -whom it passed to Earl Manvers and the Coltman family. - -We now take the hamlet of Stainsby, which lies to the north-east, distant -about a mile, on the right of the road to Somersby. This was formerly -the chief seat, in this neighbourhood, of the Littlebury family. We -mention them in our Records of various other parishes. There are mural -monuments of them in both Somersby Church and that of Ashby Puerorum; the -former is a small brass, about 10in, broad by 14in. high, having a -kneeling figure of George Littlebury, with the inscription, “Here lyeth -George Littleburie of Somersbie, 7th sonne of Thomas Littleburie of -Stainsbie, who died the 13th daye of October, in ye yeare of our Lord -1612, being about the age of 73 yeares.” The Littleburys were a very old -family, coming originally from Littlebury Manor, near Saffron Walden, in -the county of Essex, A.D. 1138. One of them was Chief Justice of -England. Subsequently they had a fine residence at Holbeach Hurn, in -South Lincolnshire, and large property in many other places. We have -spoken already of the Kirketons, as connected with Ashby Puerorum and Sir -Humphrey Littlebury, Knight, whose name appears in the Sheriffs List, in -1324, married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir John Kirkton (or -Kirton), and so became Lord of Holbeach. Sir John Littlebury {6a} -married a daughter of Thomas Meeres, an old and wealthy family, also of -Kirton, {6b} and it would seem that it was through this marriage with the -Kirtons of Kirton the Littleburys came to Stainsby. Sir Humphrey was -buried in Holbeach Church, where there is a very fine tomb of him, now in -the north aisle, but formerly “before the altar.” The effigy is that of -a knight, encased in armour, the hands joined in prayer, the head resting -on a woman’s head, which is enclosed in a net, the feet being supported -by a lion. The sides are covered with roses, and there are four niches, -with canopies, which probably held figures on a smaller scale. Two views -of it are given by C. A. Stoddard, in his “Monumental Effigies of Great -Britain” (London, 4to., 1817). The actual date of the Littleburys coming -to Stainsby cannot be exactly ascertained, but they were there in the -reign of Henry VIII. - -A small proprietor in Stainsby is named in a Chancery Inquisition, 19 -Henry VII., No. 20 (_i.e._, A.D. 1503), viz., John H. Etton, who, besides -several other lands, held “one messuage and four cottages in Bag Enderby, -Stanesby and Someresby,” which lands also passed to Tattershall College. -(“Architect. Soc. Journal,” xxiii., p. 21.) - -Stainsby (let not my readers be alarmed, for witches and warlocks are out -of fashion in this unimaginative, or sceptical, age) has not been without -its supernatural associations. I here give a colloquy held, not many -months ago, with a quondam resident. (J. C. W. loquitur. F. C. -respondet). “Well, C., did you ever hear of a ghost at Stainsby?” “Aye, -that I did, mony a year sin’. When I were young, I lived i’ them parts, -and I heard o’ one oftens.” “Did you ever see it yourself?” “Noa, I -never seed it me-sen, but I knowed several as did.” “Where was it seen?” -“Why, i’ mony places.” “Tell me one or two.” “Well, it were seen about -Stayensby, haaf a mile afore ye come to Somersby, and it were seen about -the esh-planting (notice the ‘esh,’ the old Danish pronunciation still -surviving, the Danish for Ashby being Eshe-by), just afore ye go down to -the brig o’er the beck.” “Can you name anyone who saw it?” “O, many on -’em, specially gean the brig.” “Name someone.” “Well, a waggoner living -at Bag Enderby.” “What was it like?” “Well, a misty kin’ o’ thing. Ye -could make nayther heead nor taal on it, only ye knew it was there, and -it flitted unaccountable.” {7} - -I will here give a few extracts from old documents connected with former -owners, which may be of interest from their peculiarity, or otherwise. - -John Gedney, of Bag Enderby, in his will, dated 14 June, 1535, mentions -his lands in Ashby Puerorum and other parishes. - -Margaret Littlebury, widow of Thos. Littlebury, Esq., of Stainsby, by her -will, of date 2 January, 1582, requests that she may be buried in the -Church of Ashby Puerorum, “near unto my husband.” She bequeaths to the -poor of the parish, as also of Greetham, Salmonby, Somersby, Bag Enderby, -and Hagg, the lease of the Parsonage of Maidenwell; a sheepwalk there to -her sons George and Edward; to her daughter Anne, wife of Thomas -Grantham, £10 (N.B.—The Granthams still survive); to her daughter, -Elizabeth Fitzwilliam (a good family), £10; to her daughter, Katherine -Wythornwyke, £5; to Thomas Dighton, son of Christopher Dighton, deceased -(a family connected with several parishes), £10; “to Francis Atkinson, my -warrener, 20s.” (“warrener” probably equivalent to gamekeeper). She -refers to a schedule of plate, etc., bequeathed by her late husband to -his deceased son, Humphrey, to be handed over to his son Thomas. She was -a daughter of John St. Paul, of Snarford. - -Thomas Littlebury, of Ashby, by will, proved June 10th, 1590, bequeathed -to his wife Katherine £100, and “one goblett with gylte cover, two -‘tunnes’ (_i.e._, cups) parcel gilte, 6 silver spoons of the best, my -gylte salte I bought of my uncle Kelke, with a cover.” (The Kelkes were -related to the Kirtons of Kirkton). Then follow a number of bequests of -property in various parts of the county. The husband makes his executors -“my father-in-law, Charles Dymoke, my cousins Andrew Gedney and Thomas -Copledike.” (N.B.—These are the Copledikes, of whom so many monuments -exist in Harrington Church.) - -George Littlebury, of Somersby, by will, dated 10 Sept., 1612, requests -to be buried “in the Queare of Somersby Church,” and leaves 2s. to it, -and 1s. to Ashby Church, and 1s. to Lincoln Cathedral. He wishes a stone -to be placed over his grave, and his arms set in the wall, as his -father’s were at Ashby. (N.B.—Both these stones and brasses still -exist.) - -When the Spanish Armada was expected, among the gentry who contributed to -the defence of the country, at the Horncastle Sessions, 1586–7, was “John -Littlebury of Hagworthingham Esq. ij. light horse.” At the same time -“Thomas Littlebery of Staynsby Esq. [furnished] j. launce [and] j. light -horse.” At the “Rising” in Lincolnshire (1536) against Henry VIII., on -the Dissolution of the Monasteries, a previous John Littlebury was just -deceased, but his son Humphrey took part in it, as also did Robert -Littlebury, who was probably a son of Thomas Littlebury, of Stainsby. - -The Littleburys and the Langtons of Langton intermarried more than once. -In the reign of Henry VIII., Rose, daughter of John Littlebury of -Hagworthingham, married John Langton, and in the next century (about -1620) Troth. daughter of Thomas Littlebury of Ashby Puerorum, married a -son of Sir John Langton, Knt., High Sheriff of Lincolnshire. -(“Architect. Soc. Journal,” vol. xxii., pp. 166–7). Probably it was -owing to this connection that we find that Sir John Langton, of Langton, -by his will, dated 25 Sept., 1616, leaves 20s. to the poor of Ashby, -Langton, and several other places. (N.B.—I am indebted for these -particulars to “Lincolnshire Wills,” edited by Canon Maddison of -Lincoln.) - -The second half of the name of this parish of Ashby Puerorum is derived -from the fact that the rent of certain lands in the parish were assigned -towards the support of the choristers of Lincoln Cathedral, which is now -raised by a general rate of the parish, and, accordingly, the Dean and -Chapter of Lincoln are patrons of the benefice, a vicarage {9} which is -now held by the Rev. Robert Ward, who resides at Hagworthingham. - -One of the early Norman Barons, probably Gislebert Fitz Gozelin, erected -here a gallows (Hundred Rolls, A.D. 1275). The site of this is not now -known, unless it may be traced in a part of the parish lying in an -easterly direction from the village, and named “Knowles,” possibly a -corruption for “Knoll Hill,” a rising ground on which a gallows might -well be placed as a conspicuous warning for future would-be offenders. A -lane in the parish is called Galley Lane, which again may point to the -former gallows. - -Another field-name in the parish is not without interest, viz., -Peaseholme. We have Peasedale gate (_i.e._, road) in Hameringham, -Peasegate Lane at Spilsby, Peasewang (_i.e._, field) in High Toynton, and -similar names in Louth and elsewhere. All these are indicating the -general use of pulse as an article of diet in those early times. - -Near the western end of the village is a farm named “Clapgate,” so called -because the fugitive Royalists, after the battle of Winceby (Oct. 11, -1643), kept a neighbouring gate clapping all night in their haste to -escape. Near this is a footpath across the fields, which leads to -Holbeck Lodge, and here again, till recently, survived the same name, -“Clapgate,” because there was formerly a gate near Holbeck Lodge, on the -now high road to Salmonby, which was also kept in motion by other -fugitives, to the disturbance of the slumbers of those living near. And -this brings us to Holbeck, the other hamlet comprised in the parish of -Ashby Puerorum, commonly described as “an extra-parochial liberty.” - -The name Holbeck contains two Danish, or Norse, elements. “Hol” implies -a hollow, connected with our word “hole.” We have it in the German Swiss -Eulenthal, or hollow dale. “Beck” is Norse, corresponding to the German -“bach,” as in Schwabach, Staubbach, Reichenbach, etc. Thus Holbech means -a beck or stream running through a hollow. {10} The name Holbeck still -exists in Denmark. Thus we have a name, like so many (as already -remarked) in the vicinity, shewing the great immigration of Danes in this -neighbourhood. There is also a Holbeck near Leeds, to which the Danes, -who came up the Humber, extended their settlements. At the back, to the -north of the present Holbeck Hall, is the rising ground named “Hoe Hill.” -This again indicates the same. The How, or Hoe, is probably the Norse -“Hof,” a holy place (found in such names as Ivanhoe, Ivinghoe, -Piddinghoe, etc.), or it may have been the Norse “Haughr,” a burial -place. In that case it may have been held sacred as the burial place of -some Viking chief, who led his followers in their invasion of the -district. It may be described as a truncated, and rather obtuse, cone, -with a dyke, or scarpment, running round it, like a collar round the -neck. There is a How Hill near Harrogate. We have also Silver-how, -Bull-how, and Scale-how, which were probably the burial places of the -chiefs Solvar, Boll, and Skall. But whether or not it once served these -purposes, there can be little doubt that it has been a Danish encampment, -and probably a stronghold of the Briton at a still earlier period. The -dyke would form the outer defence of the height above, from which to -charge down upon an enemy, laboriously breasting the hill, with -overwhelming advantage to the defenders. Geologically, Hoe Hill is -interesting, the ironstone, of which it is composed, being so totally -different from the sandstone of Holbeck below. These lower rocks are -said to be still the haunt of that much-baited, but harmless animal, the -badger. - -As to former owners of Holbeck, old title deeds show that it was formerly -the property of Augusta Ann Hatfield Kaye, sister of Frederick Thomas, -Earl of Stafford, who also, as we have seen, was lord of the manor of -Ashby. She died at Wentworth Castle, and was buried at St. John’s -Church, Wakefield, May 4, 1802, as I am informed by the present owner, F. -W. S. Heywood, Esq. Old documents, still existing, show that the house -at Holbeck was formerly called “The Grange,” and from this we may fairly -infer that, before the Dissolution of the Monasteries, it was a “Grange,” -or dependency, of Tattershall College, which owned other lands in Ashby. -The site was well adapted for a monastic house, as they invariably chose -a position near water, this being necessary for the supply of fish, which -formed so large a portion of their diet when fasting days were so many. - -Like some other parts of this parish, Holbeck also passed, at a later -period, into the ownership of Mr. Stevens Dineley Totton, from whom Mr. -John Fardell, of the Chantry, Lincoln, and formerly M.P. for that city, -purchased this manor, about 1830. He took down the old residence, then a -farmhouse, occupied by a Mr. Hewson, several of whose family are buried -in the churchyard at Ashby, and built Holbeck Lodge, forming also the -three lakes out of an extent of morass traversed by a brook, or beck. -Portions of the old stables and outhouses still remain, but an -interesting old circular dovecote {12a} was removed. There was, at that -time, a watermill and cottage at the lower end of the lake. {12b} - -The Lodge was subsequently bought by a Mr. Betts, but, through mortgages, -it became the inheritance of a Miss Cunliffe, from whom Mr. Heywood -recently bought it. This gentleman has made considerable improvements -and additions to the residence, and one or two interesting discoveries -have been made. In sinking a well there was found, at a depth of 20ft., -an old key; also, as workmen were trying to trace a drain under the lawn, -one of them dropped into a hollow below, where arches were found, -apparently of ancient vaults. {12c} The monks of old knew what was meant -by a good cellar, and these probably formed a part of the original -monastic institution. - -I now proceed to a description of the church of Ashby in the words of the -late learned Precentor Venables, who gave it, on the visit of the -Architectural Society in 1894 (which I conducted). “The chancel was -restored in 1869 by the Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. The -rest was restored in 1877. The fabric consists of nave, north aisle -chancel, porch, and western tower, having 2 bells. The main building is -of the Early English style. A lancet window still remains in the south -wall, and at the west end of the aisle. The other windows of the nave -are mostly Perpendicular. On the south side of the chancel is a -two-light square-headed window of the Decorated period. The arcade has -two chamfered arches, on low cylindrical piers. The tower is low, of -Perpendicular style, the green sandstone, picturesquely patched with -brick, giving a mellowed tint to the whole. The west doorway is well -proportioned, and the three-light Perpendicular window above it, and the -tower arch are plain, but good. The font is plain octagonal. On the -south wall is a brass to Richard Littlebury, of Stainsby, who died A.D. -1521, also his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edmund Jenny, died in -1523, and their ten children. {13} Haines says that this brass was not -cut till 1560, at the same time with another of a knight in armour, -without inscription, probably one of the six sons. In the pavement is a -very fine incised slab of blue marble, representing a priest in -Eucharistic vestments, with chalice on his breast. The head, hands, -chalice, and other portions were of brass, but have disappeared.” An -interesting discovery was made in this parish rather more than 100 years -ago, a description of which I here give in the words of Saunders (“Hist. -County Lincoln,” vol. ii., p. 170, 1), who gives particulars more fully -than any other authority I have been able to consult. “On the 26th of -October, 1794, a labourer, cutting a ditch (the actual site is not given) -discovered at a depth of three feet below the surface a Roman sepulchre, -consisting of a stone chest, in which was deposited an urn of strong -glass, well manufactured, but of a greenish hue; the chest was of -freestone, such as is found in abundance on Lincoln heath. When found -the urn was perfect and had not suffered any of that decay which -generally renders the surface of Roman glass of a pearly or opaline hue, -for the surface was as smooth as if it had newly come from the fire. -This receptacle was nearly filled with small pieces of bone, many of -which, from the effects of ignition, were white through their whole -substance; and among the fragments was a small lacrymatory of very thin, -and very green, glass, which had probably been broken through the -curiosity of the finder, as he acknowledged his having poured out the -contents upon the grass in the hope of finding money, before he took it -to his employer. The circumstances attending this sepulchre clearly -prove it to have been Roman. It is, however, singular that the place -chosen was not, as was customary with that people, near to a highway, and -that it does not appear to have been the burial place of a family, since, -although the trench was dug quite across the field, no traces of a body -having been buried in any other part of it were observed. . . . No traces -of the Romans have been observed here . . . except that some coins of -brass or copper were dug up in an orchard at Stainsby, said to have been -Roman, but as they were not preserved this must remain doubtful. . . . -The locality, however, is so adapted, for various reasons, to the Roman -villa, that Sir Joseph Banks, in an article communicated to -‘Archæologia,’ vol. xii., p. 36, thought it ‘not improbable that such a -residence might some day be discovered, the Roman town of Banovallum -being so near, with a number of Roman roads branching through the -country.’” - -The name of Stainsby itself indicates a considerable antiquity, meaning -the stones-farm. This may have been from stepping-stones over the -Somersby beck, near at hand or from some quarry of the sandstone in the -vicinity, still so largely used. The stones were evidently the -distinguishing feature of the locality. - -P.S.—The writer is requested to say that he is in error in connecting the -family of Coltman of Ashby with that of the Pocklington Coltman of -Hagnaby, the two being quite distinct. - - - -ASTERBY. - - -Asterby is situated about 6½ miles from Horncastle in a north-easterly -direction, being approached by the road to Scamblesby and Louth, but -diverging from that road northward shortly before reaching Scamblesby. -The Rector is the Rev. J. Graham, J.P., who has a substantial residence, -erected at a cost of £1,200 in 1863, and standing on the slope of a hill -in good grounds. Letters, _viâ_ Lincoln, arrive at 10 a.m. - -Not much can be gathered of the early history of this parish. It is -named in _Domesday Book_ Estreby; this may mean the “buy,” byre, or -farmstead, of the Saxon Thane Estori. But, according to another -interpretation, the three elements of the name are As, or Aes, tre and -by; the first of these implying “water,” the second “a way” or “passage,” -the third a “homestead,” the whole thus meaning the Homestead by the -water-way; and so probably referring to the river Bain, which forms the -boundary between this parish and Ranby; its breed of trout being not -unknown to anglers of our own day. - -According to the Domesday survey this manor belonged to the Norman noble -Ivo Taillebois, doubtless through his marriage with the Saxon heiress of -the Thorolds, the Lady Lucia. And she conveyed to the Priory of Spalding -certain “temporalities,” _i.e._, rents of lands, here, as well as at -Scamblesby; her uncle Thorold, Vice-Comes, or Sheriff, of Lincolnshire, -being the founder of that institution, and she herself one of its chief -benefactors. In the Priory Charters this parish is also called Esterby. - -Ivo, however, was only this lady’s first husband, and, as is mentioned in -the “Notes” on various other parishes with which he was connected, he -died without issue; and on her re-marrying, {15a} her great possessions -passed to the Romara family, subsequently to the Gaunts, and were then -gradually broken up, and dispersed among their various descendants. Only -a few fragmentary records of former owners can now be found. - -By Will dated 31st July, 1585, Edmund Dighton, of Little Sturton, leaves -lands in Asterby and elsewhere to his son Robert, and also his leases of -land held by grant of the late Abbot of Kirkstead, and a house called -Beadway Hall. The Dighton’s were a wealthy family, originally engaged in -commerce in Lincoln, but afterwards acquiring considerable property in -various parts of the county, and taking a good position. The -headquarters of the family were at the Old Hall, of which traces still -remain, in Little Stourton; a daughter of Thomas Dighton “of that ilk” -married Edward, 2nd son of the 1st Earl of Lincoln, of that line, temp. -Elizabeth; she eventually, on the death of his eldest brother, becoming -Countess of Lincoln. {15b} - -Elizabeth Hansard, of Gayton-le-Wold, widow, by her Will, dated 17th -March, 1591, makes her father, John Jackson, of Asterby, executor, and -the guardian of her children, Edward, Margaret, and Mary Hansard; and -leaves all her property to them, except 20s. each to her brother Thomas -Jackson, and her brother-in-law William Hansard. These Hansards, a -knightly family located in this county at South Kelsey (also of -Beesthorpe and Thornton), were of very old extraction; tracing their -descent from Ughtred, Earl of Northumberland in the reign of Edmund -Ironsides, who came to the throne A.D. 016. {16} South Kelsey, their -chief seat, passed to the old family of the Ayscoughs, by the marriage of -Sir Francis Ayscough to the Hansard heiress, Elizabeth, in the middle of -the 16th century. Both Hansards and Ayscoughs were connected with many -of the leading county families. - -John Guevera, of Stenigot, by Will dated 18th March, 1607, leaves his -manor of Stenigot and all his premises in Asterby (certain portions being -excepted) to his “Sonne Francis, his heir apparent, on his coming of -age,” and specifies that “till then he be held content by Sir Nicholas -Saunderson, knight, of Fillingham, and Captaine Henrie Guevera, of -Barwick.” These Gueveras were of Spanish origin, probably coming to -England in the train of Catharine of Arragon, or in attendance on King -Philip of Spain, Queen Mary’s husband. Spain was then a flourishing -country, and they soon acquired property, and took their position among -the landed gentry, Francis Guevera being named among the Herald’s List of -Gentry in 1634. Sir Nicholas Saunderson, here named, of Fillingham, was -grandson of Nicholas Saunderson, of Reasby, in the parish of -Stainton-by-Langworth. He was made a baronet in 1612, and Viscount -Castleton in 1628. The family was involved in the Lincolnshire Rebellion -of 1536. The manor, and greater part of the parish, are now in the hands -of trustees of the Trafford family, who are also patrons of the benefice. -Messrs. W. Pinning and Benjamin Harrison are also landowners, and Mr. -James Walter has a large and picturesque farmhouse with good grounds and -surroundings. - -The church, dedicated to St. Peter, was for some years in an -unsatisfactory condition, but during recent years it has been gradually -undergoing restoration. It was formerly larger than it is now, having -had a north aisle. The tower was half taken down towards the close of -the 18th century, and rebuilt, the plinth of the tower buttress on the -south side of the west door being said to be the original one of the 12th -century. There are three bells. In 1896 the chancel was taken down and -extended about 6ft. in length, the interior face of the walls being -constructed of rubbed sandstone, in courses obtained from a quarry in the -parish. The exterior character of the old work was carefully preserved, -and a dressed stone plinth-course inserted. The old east window with -wooden framework was removed and a stone traceried window introduced, -filled with tinted glass. The floor was paved with encaustic tiles in -place of ordinary bricks, and the communion table raised 18 inches above -the body of the church, by three steps. A new altar rail of oak, with -standard of wrought-iron and brass, was put up, and the roof was made of -open timbers covered with match boards and slates. This work was done by -Mr. R. Mawer, builder, of Louth, under the direction of Messrs. Mortimer -and Son, architects, of Lincoln. The entire cost was defrayed by the -present rector. Since then other improvements have been effected. The -tower, in a dangerous condition, was partly taken down in 1898, and the -bells rehung in new oak framework. A handsome altar cloth was presented -by Lady Wigan. The nave floor has now boards in place of the old damp -and unsightly bricks. It has been supplied with new seating of -pitchpine. This work was entrusted to Messrs. Thompson & Sons, of Louth, -and is thoroughly satisfactory. Inspired by these efforts, a generous -donor, Mrs. Woodall, presented a massive oak lectern in memory of her -parents who for many years worshipped in this church, and the whole -fabric is now at length, through the exertions of the rector, liberally -seconded by Mrs. Graham, a credit to the parish. Old features of -interest in the church are the chancel arch, which is Early English; and -in the south chancel wall, near the reading desk, is also a three-light -Early English window, containing some fragments of very old glass, the -new east window being a copy of this. In the north wall of the nave are -two bays of the former aisle blocked up, with a grinning figurehead -between the arches. In a frame affixed to the north wall is the text, -from Eccl. v., 1, “Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and -be more ready to hear than to give the sacrifice of fools.” The font is -old, having an octagonal bowl, with plain shields on each face, the shaft -also being octagonal and standing on a pediment of three steps. In the -south wall of the chancel, outside, is a mutilated slab bearing an -inscription in memory of “Samson Meanwell, who departed this life Feb. -17, 1744, in ye 63 yeare of his age.” Nearly opposite the west door is a -very old yew-tree, which may well have supplied the village archers with -their bows in the days of Crecy, Poictiers, and Agincourt. The benefice -is now held jointly with that of Goulceby. It was formerly in the gift -of the Dymokes. Dame Jane Dymoke presented in 1711 and 1725. She also -gave church plate. The patronage then passed to the Crown, who presented -in 1771 and 1784, after which the Trafford Southwell family acquired it, -with the manor, and presented in 1807. - -Near the church is a field named Hall Close, where there are traces of a -large residence; and here, about the year 1821, were dug up three human -skeletons and an ancient dagger. - -The poor of the parish have the benefit of a bequest made by Anthony -Acham, for them, and for those of Goulceby; who also, in 1638, founded a -school for the two parishes, with Stenigot. - -We have only to add that the pilgrim to Asterby, who has an eye for rural -scenery, will be gratified on his way thither by an extent of view not -often to be found. He can take in, at one and the same moment, a -prospect reaching almost 30 miles, including Lincoln Cathedral and miles -beyond it to the north-west; and embracing Heckington and other fine -church spires, with Tattershall Castle to the south-west, and extensive -woods, corn fields, and meads to vary the scenes between. - - - -BAUMBER. - - -Baumber, or Bamburgh, lies on the old Roman road, from Horncastle to -Lincoln, about 4 miles to the north-west from the former place, and -half-a-mile from the point where another Roman road furcates northward -for Caistor; it is thus somewhat interestingly connected with the three -ancient Roman stations, Lindum, Banovallum, and Caistor (Castrum). Its -own name, in the older form, Bam-burg doubtless means the “Burg,” or -fort, on the Bain; as it stands on high ground above the valley of the -Bain, and commands what would formerly be a ford of that river at -Hemingby, through which there passes a branch line of road, running due -east from Baumber, and stretching into the wold hills, being doubtless -also a Roman structure. - -Baumber has had some interesting associations in the past. In Domesday -Book it is reckoned among the possessions of the Norman Ivo Tayle-bois, -nephew of William the Conqueror, Earl of Anjou, and chief of the Angevin -auxiliaries of William’s army. Through his wife, the Lady Lucia, the -Saxon heiress of Earl Alf-gar, who was given to him in marriage by the -Conqueror, he acquired very large possessions in Lincolnshire and -elsewhere. He was of a very tyrannical disposition; his chief residence -being near Croyland Abbey. The Historian Ingulphus records of him, that -he “tortured, harrassed, annoyed, and imprisoned their people”; that “he -chased their cattle with his dogs, driving them into the marsh pools, -where they were drowned; cut off their ears, or their tails; broke their -backs, or their legs; and made them useless.” When the world was -relieved of him by an early death, he was not mourned by his Saxon wife, -or anyone else. Another historian, Peter de Blois, says, “Hardly had one -month elapsed after his death, when the Lady Lucia married that -illustrious young man, Roger de Romara, and entirely lost all -recollection of Ivo Tayle-bois”; and he bursts into a volley of -imprecations, to this effect:—“What does it now profit thee, O Ivo! ever -most blood-thirsty, thus to have risen against the Lord? Unto the earth -hast thou fallen, numbered with the dead; in a moment of time thou hast -descended to hell, a successor of the old Adam, a frail potsherd, a heap -of ashes, a hide of carrion, a vessel of putrefaction, the food of worms, -the laughing-stock of those who survive, the refuse of the inhabitants of -heaven, the avowed enemy of the servants of God; and now, as we have -reason to suppose, an alien and exile from the congregations of saints, -and for thine innumerable misdeeds, worthy to be sent into outer -darkness.” {19} - -Such was one of the proprietors of Baumber, but he was not the only one; -as Domesday mentions another, and larger, and more worthy, land owner in -the person of Gilbert de Gaunt, who succeeded, “by right,” or, more -strictly speaking, by confiscation, to all the property of the Saxon -Tonna; while another Saxon, Ulf, had also an estate in the parish. This -Gilbert de Gaunt founded Bardney Abbey; and, when he died, was buried -there. - -The Lady Lucia was Countess of Chester and Lincoln; and at a later -period, Baumber, including the hamlet of Sturton Parva, would seem to -have been mainly divided between the family of the Earls of Lincoln, more -recently created Dukes of Newcastle, and the wealthy family of the -Dightons. Both had residences in or near this parish. A daughter of -Thomas Dighton, and his heiress married Edward Clinton, second son of the -first Earl of Lincoln of that line (temp. Elizabeth), and on failure of -issue to the elder brother, this Edward succeeded to the Earldom. Many -generations of the Clintons were buried here; but towards the end of the -18th century, the Clinton property was sold by the third Duke to Mr. -Thomas Livesey, of Blackburn, Lancashire, {20} whose son, the late Joseph -Livesey, Esq. erected a large mansion in 1810, which again was almost -rebuilt, and considerably enlarged in 1873–5. A large part of the parish -now belongs to the Vyner family of Gautby. The Baumber register dates -from 1691. One entry is “June 20th, 1730, the Corpse of the Right -Honourable, the Right Noble, Lord George Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, was -interred.” - -The Church is dedicated to St. Swithun. The west door is a good specimen -of Norman work, with dog-tooth pattern running round the semi-circular -arch, in bass relief; the capital of its south pillar has a head, with -serpents whispering into each ear. The north capital is a conventional -acanthus. The inner eastern door of the tower is also Norman, but plain. -The Nave has north and south aisles of three bays; the eastern-most -column of the north arcade, under the removable flooring of the Vicar’s -seat, has the original round Norman plinth, the only one preserved. The -Church of stone was cased in brick, in the early part of the eighteenth -century (1736), when the present large, perpendicular windows were placed -in the north and south walls, three in each. Placed against the west -wall, south of the west entrance, is a large slab, commemorating John -Ealand, who died in 1463, and his wives Alice and Elizabeth. This was -formerly in the floor of the north aisle. Above is a tablet in memory of -members of the family of J. Bainbridge Smith, D.D., formerly Vicar, as -well as Rector of Sotby, and of Martin, and Headmaster of the Horncastle -Grammar School. The Font is octagonal and massive, but plain. There is -a handsome oak lectern with eagle on swivels, the gift of Mrs. Taylor -Sharpe, of Baumber Park, in memory of her eldest son, who died in 1891. -The pose of the eagle is very natural. - -In the south aisle, and over the west entrance are hatchments of the -Clintons. - -In the chancel, the east window is blocked up; there are two windows in -the north wall, one in the south wall, the second having been removed -when a vestry was erected, and it now forms the vestry window. On each -side, east of the chancel arch, are remains of massive early English -pillars. South of communion table are three plain sedilia of wood. -North of the table, a blue slate slab in the floor, with the Clinton -arms, covers the vault, in which sixteen of the Clinton family are -interred. Another slab close by, commemorates “Francis Clinton, alias -Fynes, Esq., grandson of Henry Lord Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, who -departed this life, February 5th, A.D. 1681.” On the south, a slab -commemorates his wife, “who died, February 15th, A.D. 1679.” A communion -chair, of very solid construction, was carved out of a beam formerly in -Tattershall Castle. There are some remains of a former rood screen, -“Arch. Journ.,” 1890, p. 206. - -Mr. Weir, in his History of Lincolnshire (vol. I., p. 299, Ed., 1828), -says that portions of the former residence of the Earls of Lincoln were -at that date still standing, near the modern mansion of the Liveseys. -Then the latter was re-constructed in 1873–5, the furniture and other -arrangements, were of a very costly character. The present writer, with -an acquaintance of the family, had the privilege of being shewn over the -whole house, by the lady of the house, shortly after its completion. It -might be called a repertoire of valuable works of art and vertu, in -furniture, books, paintings, stuffed birds, and animals, among the latter -being the famous lion “Nero,” from the Zoo. The owner, being devoted to -engineering and mechanical operations, had one room, of which the walls -were covered with clocks, of endless kinds, with various elaborate -mechanism, such as cocks crowing, horns blowing, etc., etc., for chiming -the hours. All these came to the hammer in 1891. Even the economy of -the farm yard was elaborate. To give one instance:—At the back of the -cattle sheds, ran a tramway of small trucks; doors opened at the back of -the crib of each stall, and the trucks conveyed the exact modicum of -provender, and it was injected into each separate crib, periodically, for -the animals which were there fed. The lake in the park was formed from a -small stream running through the grounds, it is well stocked with fish of -various kinds, especially affording sport to the troller by the abundance -of fine pike. It was originally stocked, as tradition avers, from the -Moat of Langton Rectory, now no longer existing, but formerly of -considerable size, and connected with a large pond, where fish of many -kinds abounded. The vicarage is a substantial residence, with good -garden, erected in 1857, on a site presented by Robert Vyner, Esq. - - - -BELCHFORD. - - -Belchford is one of our largest villages, lying at a distance of about 5 -miles from Horncastle, in a north-east direction, and buried in a valley -among the wolds. It was anciently among the possessions of the -Conqueror’s nephew, Ivo Tailebois, which he acquired by his marriage with -the Lady Lucia, the wealthy heiress of the Thorolds. Tithes and -territory here were assigned by her to the Abbey of Croyland, as well as -to its cell, the branch Priory of Spalding. There were two mills here, -valued in Domesday book, at 18s. 8d. yearly. The acreage is large; Ivo -had five carucates in demesne, or some 600 acres, while villeins, -bordars, and soc-men, occupied nine carucates, or about 1080 acres; there -were 360 acres of meadows, and six carucates (720 acres) reateable to -gelt. The arable land was a mile long, and a mile broad, which was a -large proportion. The acreage is now 2480, the population more than 400. -By an indenture, 28th October, 1641, we find Sir Thomas Glemham owning -lands in Belchford and Oxcombe, as well as other places, which he sold to -Sir Matthew Lister, and his brother Martin Lister, subsequently the -Listers of Burwell Park. The Listers, however, sold the Belchford lands -again to Sir Thomas Hartopp, about 20 years later. Mr. Robert Charles de -Grey Vyner is now Lord of the Manor, but much of the land belongs to the -Epton, Reed, and other families. At the inclosure, land left by Henry -Neave to the poor, was exchanged for two acres, now let for £5 15s., -which is distributed among the poor at Christmas, as well as a rent -charge of 4s., left by Mrs. Douglas Tyrwhitt. Letters, _via_ Horncastle, -arrive at 9.30 a.m. The nearest telegraph office is at Tetford. - -Of the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, little can be said which is -satisfactory, at the present time. It was rebuilt in 1781, in the -characteristic poor style of that period. Some years ago it became -almost unsafe, and the walls were strengthened to prevent their falling. -The chancel was rebuilt in 1859–60; and in 1884–5, the church was -reseated, the plaster ceiling removed, a new floor supplied, and fresh -windows inserted; but once more it is in a bad and unsightly condition, -gaps and fissures appear in the walls, the tower is much out of the -perpendicular, and only kept together by bands of iron. The north wall -is only relieved by one very plain Georgian window. The east window, a -triplet in the early English style, is perhaps the best feature in the -church. It was put in by a former Rector, Rev. W. Anthony Fitzhugh. The -font, which is octagonal and perpendicular, formerly stood in St. Mary’s -Church, Horncastle. The pulpit, of old oak, came from the private chapel -of Lord Brougham, who was a relative of the late Rector; it has some -quaintly-carved panels, and other portions in the same style lie unused -in the church. The baptismal register has an entry of a baptism -performed by Dr. Tennyson, father of the Poet Laureate. The register -dates from 1698. - -Some embellishments have been introduced in the chancel of late by the -present Rector. An Italian crucifix, behind the Communion table, with -devices representing the keys of St. Peter, and sword of St. Paul, the -patron saints, with vine leaves and grapes, and a central chalice. There -is a scroll below these, bearing the words, “Ecce panis Angelorum Factus -cibus Viatorum.” The church ornaments include a processional cross of -18th century foreign work. An effort is now being made to accomplish a -thorough restoration of the church. A flint implement was found in the -parish in the year 1851, and fossils of the Echinus and other kinds have -been found. The name of Belchford may be British; Bel (Baal) being the -Druid name of the Sun-God and “fford,” is Welsh (or British), for road; a -more pleasing, if more fanciful, derivation, has been suggested, viz.: -that the prefix is connected with the words “bellow” and “bell,” and -refers to the tinkling music of the ford on the brook, which passes -through the valley. - -In an ancient register of Spalding Priory, of date 1659, is an extract -from a charter of the foundation of the Priory, in which it is stated -that one Thorold, ancestor of Lucia, Countess of Lincoln and Chester, and -wife of Ivo Tailebois, gave the Tithes of Belchford, Scamblesby, etc., to -the Priory. The name is there spelt Beltisford, which would seem to -favour the former of these two derivations. In Domesday Book it is -Beltisford, further confirmatory of the same. - -A former Rector of this Benefice was somewhat of a “character.” He was a -_bon vivant_, though not of an objectionable kind. He was popular among -his clerical brethren, and, like several others, gave an annual clerical -dinner, which was attended by them from considerable distances. One of -the special features of the repast, was a leg of mutton, with port wine -sauce, which, as well as the wine, might be said to be “old.” The -cellars of the rectory were very cool, and he usually had a leg which had -been hanging for a quarter of a year, half a year, or more. At one of -the last of his dinners, the joint had been in the cellar, specially -preserved, for more than twelve months, but, served as it was, with a -good surrounding, it was unanimously declared to be excellent. - -The Rev. Egremont Richardson was long remembered by many friends, for his -kindly, genial qualities. - -Since the above remarks on the church were written, the fabric has, in a -great measure, been worthily restored. The architect, Mr. Townsend, of -Peterborough, employed Messrs. Thompson, of Peterborough (who have -restored Peterborough Cathedral), and they have done the work thoroughly. -The tower, in a dangerous condition, has been taken down, and will not be -rebuilt until funds allow it, but otherwise the restoration is complete. -Five decorated windows have been introduced into the former dark walls, a -vestry has been added, and the walls of the nave have been beautifully -decorated. The chancel walls are relieved with terra cotta, of the 17th -century style, the roof having black and white arrow-head work. The -choir stalls are stained green, and decorated in harmony with the walls. -There is a new altar-table of oak, its panels being richly painted. The -nave is furnished with chairs, in place of the old pews. The church is -heated with the Radiator system, on the Italian principle, supplied by -Messrs. J. Ward & Co., of Horncastle, being the first church in the -neighbourhood furnished with this apparatus. In the porch is preserved a -relic of the past, an old stoup, or holy water vessel, found in the -Churchwarden’s yard. This has been done at a cost of about £900, and a -further sum of £700 or £800 will be needed to restore the tower. The -chief donors to the work have been the Rawnsley family, and Lord Heneage. - - - -BOLINGBROKE, OLD. - - -Bolingbroke, to which is now added the epithet “old,” to distinguish it -from the modern creation, New Bolingbroke, near Revesby, lies distant -about seven miles, in an easterly direction from Horncastle, and about -four miles westward from Spilsby, in a kind of _cul-de-sac_, formed by -steep hills on three sides. As to the meaning of the name, whether its -commonly accepted derivation from the brook, the spring-head of which, as -Camden says (Britannia, p. 471), is in low ground hard by, be correct, we -must leave to full-fledged etymologists to decide; but the small -streamlet, as it exists at present, in no way answers to the ideal of a -bowling brook, sufficient to be a distinguishing feature of the place. -We would venture to suggest, as a fair subject for their enquiry, that, -as “bullen” is Danish for “swollen,” and “brock” is only another form of -“burgh” (and common enough in Scotland), meaning a fort (as we have a few -miles away, near Hallington station, _Bully_-hill, near an ancient -encampment), there may have been an older fort, swelling out like an -excrescence at the mouth of this valley; and so a “bollen” (or bulging) -“broc,” providing a fitting site on which the later castle was also -erected. It might, too, seem some confirmation of this, that, in -Domesday Book, the name is given as Bolin broc. Be this as it may, -however, the place itself is one of unusual interest to the archæologist. -It is a town in decadence. Possessed of a market-place, and a number of -good houses, some paved streets, a fine church, the site of a castle, and -that rare distinction an “Honour,” it is yet but a village, with little -to stir its “sleepy hollow” into social life or animation. The visitor -may, perhaps, meet there (as the writer has done), one who has retired -from her Majesty’s service; who has weilded his cutlass on quarterdeck, -or carried his rifle through stockade or over battlement; the said -individual may long, on the settle by the snug hostel fire, to fight his -battles over again, in converse with some kindred spirit; but there is -now no tread of sentinel on castle-wall, no warder now blows his bugle at -castle gate. The castle itself is but a phantom of the past, only to be -now seen in imagination. He would, perhaps, fain know something of its -bygone history; but he finds no one to tell it. Ichabod echoes through -the silent streets, and he can only murmur in the words of an ancient -lament (for, is it not written in the book of Jasher?) “How are the -mighty fallen and the weapons of war perished.” The County Directory -tells him (as would also Domesday Book) that Bolingbroke had a weekly -market {26a}; from a like authority he may learn that the soke, or -Honour, of Bolingbroke embraced nearly 30 parishes, Spilsby amongst them. -{26b} Yet he goes to Spilsby on a Monday and finds it crowded with -traffickers, while, from week’s end to week’s end, the market place of -Bolingbroke does not see a merchant or a huckster. Sooth to say, the -secluded nature of the locality, which of old commended it as a fitting -position for a strongly-protected castle, embedded in hills, save on one -side, served really to isolate it from the outer world, and hindred, and -ultimately destroyed, the traffic, which became gradually transferred to -other towns more easy of access. And so the once busy market is grass -grown, and the buzz of its barter would not awaken a baby. The sole -sound, indeed, of any volume, to break the moribund monotony—and this -only one of recent creation—is the peal of fine bells with which the -church is now furnished, and instead of soliloquising further we will now -proceed to describe these, and then unfold the fine features of the -church, of which they form so melodious an appurtenance. There are six -larger bells and the old sanctus bell. Of the larger bells, one is old, -and five were presented in 1897, by Miss Maria Wingate, whose family, -formerly resided at Hareby House, which small parish and benefice were -annexed to Bolingbroke in 1739. {27} The five new bells were cast by -Messrs. Taylor, of Loughborough, a well-known firm of bell-founders. -These were consecrated by Bishop King, of Lincoln, soon after they were -hung. On one of them, the treble bell, is the inscription, “God save the -Queen, a thank-offering in commemoration of Queen Victoria’s Jubilee, -1897.” The peculiar appropriateness of this inscription will be the more -manifest, when the singular fact is remembered (as will be fully -explained hereafter), that, as Duchess of Lancaster, the Queen was Lady -of the Manor of Bolingbroke. The old bell bears the date 1604, and has -the inscription— - - “I, sweetly tolling, men do call, - To taste our meats that feede the soole.” - -This old bell is a very fine one, and is named among the “Bells of -Lincolnshire.” - -Of the church itself, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, it may be said -that it has had its peculiar vicissitudes. It was built probably by John -of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; as the flamboyant style of its architecture -indicates a late 14th century erection; and he was granted the manor in -that century (1363). Many of our finest churches, such as those of -Boston, Grantham, Heckington, &c., were built in that century. This of -Bolingbroke is one of the latest of them, corresponding most closely in -style and date to the Church of Kyme Priory; but it is certainly not one -of the least striking. We now see in it only a portion of the original, -namely, the south aisle, porch, and tower. It was occupied as head -quarters by the Parliamentary troops in 1643, while they were laying -siege to the castle, which was held for the King; and, with their usual -puritan hatred of holy places, they destroyed the beautiful stained glass -which adorned the windows; while, further, their presence there drew upon -the building heavy bombardment by the King’s men, no less destructive to -the edifice itself. Since that time, the original south aisle has been -used as the main body of the church; and until recently, the arches of -the arcade, formerly dividing it from the original nave, were distinctly -visible, built up in the (later) north wall; while the tower, originally -standing at the west end of the nave, became (in consequence of the -destruction of the latter, semi-detached from the later south aisle) -church, at its north-west angle. The church was restored in 1889, -through the munificence of Mr. C. S. Dickinson, of Lincoln, at a cost of -£3,000; the architect being the late Mr. James Fowler; and it was -re-opened by the Bishop on Oct. 10th of that year; the old disfiguring -galleries having been removed, and new battlements and pinnacles being -added to the tower; and a new north aisle being erected, extending -eastward from the tower; the original south aisle being still retained as -a modern nave, re-seated, and re-furnished in every respect; and a new -organ added, with various improvements. As to the result, we cannot do -better than quote some of the observations of the late Precentor -Venables, made by him on the visit of the Lincolnshire Architectural -Society in 1894. {28} He described it as “a building of great -stateliness, the proportions being excellent, and in its general design -and architectural details, presenting a specimen of the decorated style -in its greatest purity and beauty; the windows are almost faultless -examples of flowing tracery in its early purity. The east window has -five lights, with quatrefoil window in the gable above; the west window -four lights; and the side windows three lights each; all excellent. The -south porch has a well-proportioned inner door with good moulding; there -being an open quatrefoil over the door. In its east corner there is a -very sumptuous holy water stoup of unusual design, surmounted by a tall -canopy of great richness. There is a statue bracket over the door, and -one at the side. The recently opened arcade on the north side of nave is -composed of fine equilateral arches, with mouldings continuous from their -bases, without the intervention of capitals. On the south wall of the -present chancel is a range of three rich, though rather heavy, stone -sedilia, with projecting canopies over-braided with wall-flowers, and -groined within Traces of canopied niches of similar design to the -sedilia, are visible on each side of the east window. The piscina, with -projecting basin, is plain.” - -In the middle of the south wall of the nave there is also an old piscina, -with aumbrey above it, which would indicate that, in the original church, -there was here a chantry. {29} The present pulpit, and the choir seats -in the chancel, are of modern oak richly carved; and the vestry, at the -back of the organ, is screened off by similar rich modern oak carving. -The tower has a west door, with a four-light window over it; a two-light -window above this, with corresponding ones in the north and south faces. -Within the tower, over an ancient fireplace, is embedded in the wall, -4ft. from the ground, a curious old gurgoyle head of peculiar -hideousness, which doubtless, at one time, grinned down from the original -roof. Over the said fireplace there is this inscription graven in a -stone:—“Sixpence in bread every Sunday for ever for the poore women -present at divine service, given by John Andred, M.A., rector of -Bolingbroke, Anno Domini MDCLXXX.” - -In the churchyard is a tall monument, surmounted by a cherub with -expanded wings, in memory of Edward Stanley Bosanquet, who died July -16th, 1886, formerly vicar; also of his wife Emmeline, and three -children, who died at different dates. Outside the north wall are some -stone ends of seats, formerly in the tower. - -It may here be worthy of remark that Chancellor Massingberd, in his -account of the battle of Winceby mentions that “among the slain on the -side of the King was a Lincolnshire gentleman of the name of Hallam, the -immediate ancestor of the Historian of the Middle Ages,” Henry Hallam. -The name is not a common one; and on a broken stone slab, lying behind -the N.E. buttress, under the N.E. window, is the fragmentary inscription, -“Body of Henry Hallam, who dyed January The 6, 1687.” {30a} - -We conclude our notice of this church with the words of the -Precentor:—“We may realize the magnitude, and the beauty of the (former) -entire church, when we bear in mind that, besides what we now see, there -was a wide nave, a north aisle, doubtless equal in dimensions and style -to that now standing, and a long chancel reaching to the limits of the -churchyard.” A building so fine would attest the former importance of -the place; and we now proceed to consider other proofs of that importance -which we know to have existed. - -Bolingbroke is, indeed, a place of no mushroom growth. The Castle was -built in the reign of Henry I. by William de Romara, Earl of Lincoln, who -also founded the Abbey of Revesby about 1143. But history carries us -back to a still earlier date, and to an older, and even more interesting, -and more important family than that of Romara. The mother of William de -Romara (or, according to others, his grandmother) was Lucia, a Saxon -heiress {30b}; sister of the powerful Morcar, Earl of Northumberland, who -for some time withstood the Conqueror, and daughter of Algar, Earl of -Mercia, who was the brother of Edgiva, King Harold’s Queen (others making -Edgiva the sister of Lucia). She was also a near relative of the -renowned “Hereward the Wake,” the stubborn champion of Saxon freedom. -There was an earlier Algar, Earl of Mercia, who, 200 years before, fell -in the famous fight of Threckingham (between Sleaford and Folkingham) -against the Danes, about A.D. 865. He was the son of another Algar, and -grandson of Leofric, both successively Earls of Mercia; the wife of the -last-named being the Lady Godiva (or God’s gift, “Deodata”), renowned for -her purity and good works. This Lady Godiva was the sister of Turold, or -Thorold, of Bukenale (Bucknall), {30c} Lord of Spalding, and Vice-Count, -or Sheriff of the County of Lincoln. And these Thorolds, father and son, -were among the chief benefactors of the famous Monastery of St. Guthlac, -at Croyland; a similar good work being also performed, in her own day, by -the aforesaid Lady Lucia, who was chief patroness of the Priory of -Spalding {31a} an offshoot of the greater Croyland Abbey. Thus William -of Romara was not only a Norman “of high degree,” on his father’s side, -but, through his mother, he came of a race of Saxons, powerful, brave, -and distinguished for their services to their country and religion. It -has been frequently observed that, although the Normans conquered and -subjugated Saxon England, the stubborn Saxon eventually absorbed, or -prevailed over, his Norman master; and we have an illustration of it -here, not uninteresting to men of Lincolnshire. The name of Romara has -long been gone, in our country and elsewhere, beyond recall; but the old -Saxon name of Thorold yet stands high in the roll of our county families. -There is probably no older name in the shire; none that has so completely -maintained its good position and succession, in unbroken descent. {31b} - -Now the Lady Lucia inherited many of the lands of her Saxon ancestors; -and among those which passed to her Son William of Romara, was -Bolingbroke. He was a man of many, and wide domains, but of them all he -selected this, as the place for erecting a stronghold, capable of defence -in those troublous times. The castle is described by Holles (temp. -Charles I) as “surrounded by a moat fed by streams, and as covering about -an acre and half; built in a square, with four strong forts,” probably at -the corners; and “containing many rooms, which were connected by passages -along the embattled walls and capable to receyve a very great prince with -all his trayne.” The entrance was “very stately, over a fair draw -bridge; the gate-house uniforme, and strong.” The gateway, of which the -crumbling ruins were engraved by Stukeley in the first half of the l8th -century, finally fell in 1815; and nothing now remains above ground. The -whole structure was of the sandstone of the neighbourhood, which, as -Holles observes, will crumble away when the wet once penetrates it. The -moat is still visible; and further, in the rear of it, to the south, -beyond the immediate precincts, there is another moated enclosure, still -to be seen, the residence doubtless of dependants under the shelter of -the castle; or these may have been earthworks excavated by the forces -besieging the castle. We cannot here give in detail the long and varied -history of the great owners of Bolingbroke. But, omitting minor -particulars:—“A Gilbert de Gaunt by marrying a Romara heiress, obtained -the estate. One of his successors of the same name, joining the Barons -against King John and Henry III., forfeited it. It was then granted to -Ranulph, Earl of Chester. It afterwards passed to the de Lacy family, -earls in their turn, of Lincoln; and by marriage with Alicia de Lacy, -Thomas Plantagenet, grandson of Henry III. obtained it, with the title. -A later Gaunt, the famous John, Duke of Lancaster, married the heiress of -this branch of the Plantagenets, and so in turn became Earl of Lincoln -and Lord of Bolingbroke, and their son Henry, born here April 3, 1366, -became Henry IV. As being the birthplace of a sovereign, the estate, -instead of remaining an ordinary manor, was elevated to the rank of an -‘Honour’” (Camden’s Britannia, p. 471) and is entitled, in all legal -documents “the Honour of Bolingbroke.” Since the accession of Henry IV. -it has remained an appanage of the Crown; and as Duke of Lancaster, King -Edward is “Lord of the Honour,” at the present day. Gervase Holles -states that Queen Elizabeth made sundry improvements in the interior of -the castle, adding “a fayre great chamber with other lodgings.” The -Constable of the Castle was (in his day) “Sir William Mounson, Lord -Castlemayne, who received a revenue out of the Dutchy lands of £500 per -annum; in part payment of £1,000 yearly, given by the King to the -Countess of Nottingham his lady.” He also says “In a roome in one of the -towers they kept their audit for the whole Dutchy of Lancaster, -Bolingbroke having ever been the prime seat thereof, where the Recordes -for the whole country are kept.” {32} - -And he then gives a detailed account of the following supernatural -occurrence, as being beyond controversy authenticated:—Which is, that the -castle is haunted by a certain spirit in the likeness of a hare; which, -“att the meeting of the auditors doth runne betweene their legs, and -sometimes overthrows them, and soe passes away. They have pursued it -downe into the castleyard, and seen it take in att a grate, into a low -cellar; and have followed it thither with a light, where, notwithstanding -they did most narrowly observe it, and there was no other passage out, -but by the doore or windowe, the roome being all close-framed of stones -within, not having the least chinke or crevice, they could never finde -it. Att other times it hath been seen to run in at the iron grates below -into other of the grotto’s (as their be many of them), and they have -watched the place, and sent for hounds, and put in after it; but aftar a -while they came crying out.” (Harleian M.S.S. No. 6829, p. 162). The -explanation of this hare-brained story we leave to others more versed in -the doings of the spirit world; merely observing that such an apparition -has not been entirely confined to Bolingbroke Castle. - -The town of Bolingbroke confers the title of Viscount on the family of -St.-John of Lydiard Tregoze, Co. Wilts. The career, the abilities, the -accomplishments, the vicissitudes, and the writings, of the great -statesman, author and adventurer, Henry St.-John, Viscount Bolingbroke, -during the reigns of Anne, William and Mary, and George I. are too -well-known, to need further mention here. - -Saunders in his History of Lincolnshire (Vol. ii., p. 101, 1834) says -that there was then still in the church the remains of an altar cloth, -beautifully embroidered, and traditionally said to have been the work of -Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt, and mother of Henry -IV., who is celebrated in Chaucer’s poem “the Dream.” Chancellor -Massingberd, however, writing his account of Bolingbroke Castle in 1858 -(“Architect Soc. Journ.” vol. iv. p. ii.) says that it had then -disappeared, and not been seen for some 20 years, having probably been -disgracefully purloined. - -The parish register dates from 1538; a rather unusual occurrence, as the -keeping of registers was only enforced 1530–8 by Act of 27 Henry VIII., -and the order was in few cases observed till a later period. - - - -EDLINGTON. - - -This is a pleasant, small village, about 2½ miles from Horncastle, the -chief approach to it being by the so-called “Ramper,” the great Roman -road, connecting the two Roman fortresses, Lindum and Banovallum (Lincoln -and Horncastle), and still one of the best roads in the county. The Park -of Edlington, now the property of the Hassard Short family, is a -pleasantly undulating enclosure, adorned with some very fine trees; -although of late some £3,000 worth, chiefly of outlying timber, has been -converted into cash. The ground is varied by small copses, which afford -excellent pheasant and rabbit shooting; as also do two covers, about two -miles from the Park, called Edlington Scrubs; and there are also some -very gamey plantations, belonging to the estate, situated about two miles -north-west from Woodhall Spa. The estate comprises about 2,700 acres, -and is fully five miles long from one end to the other, being intersected -by portions of other parishes. There was formerly a substantial -residence, with stew ponds and extensive gardens, at the upper or -northern end of the park, {34a} with the parish road running behind it, -covered by lofty trees. Here, it may interest the botanist to know that -the plant “Butcher’s Broom” (Ruscus Aculeatus) grew plentifully, although -it now seems to be extinct, having been improved away. From this -position there is a very fine view, extending many miles to the south and -west, over very varied country. While the late Mr. Hassard Short himself -resided here, he had frequently coursing parties, hares being then very -plentiful, to which, among others, the present writer, as a boy, and his -father, were always invited. This residence was, however, pulled down -sometime “in the fifties,” the owner, for the sake of his health, -preferring to reside in the south. It was for a time, however, occupied -by a Mrs. Heald, {34b} and her nephew George Heald, Esq., a fine-looking -young fellow, who held a commission in the Guards. And hereby hangs a -tale. In riding in the Park, in London, he made the acquaintance of the -famous coquette, and adventuress, Lola Montez, created Countess of -Landsfeldt by the King of Hanover, whose mistress she was. Being a -mixture of Spanish and Irish blood, she possessed all the vivacity of -both those races, with a gay dash in her manners, and considerable -beauty, along with an extremely outré style of dress. Thus she -fascinated the young man, as she previously had done her late Royal -Master. He married her, although she was said to have been already -married to a Captain James. The charm soon lost its power, and as a -means of ridding himself of her, his friends prosecuted her for bigamy. -Sergeant Ballantine in his autobiography gives the whole particulars -(vol. II., p. 106), but he does not remember the result of this action. -She was of a temper so violent, that she commonly carried arms, and was -almost reckless of what she did. Young Heald came at length to live in -almost hourly fear for his life. I well remember his coming down to a -hotel at Horncastle, to receive rents; when he sat at table, with a -loaded pistol at each side of him. I knew him and his aunt well, and -from the latter I received many kindnesses. The poor persecuted young -man soon passed from mortal ken; but the lady migrated to America, to -seek higher game once more; but a fracas having occurred, in which she -shot someone in a railway carriage, her career also was brought to a -close. - -The earliest mention which we have of this part of the Manor of -Edlington, is as being part of the Barony of Gilbert de Gaunt (some of -that name, still residing as farmers in the parish). He probably, or his -ancestors, acquired the property, from what was a common source, in that -day, viz., from the great Norman Baron, Ivo Taillebois, on whom William -the Conqueror bestowed the rich Saxon heiress, the Lady Lucia, the -representative of the wealthy family of the Thorolds, and near relative -of King Harold (see my records of Old Bolingbroke). He held this Manor -till about the year 35 Ed. I., or A.D. 1307. It then passed to the -Barkeworthes; Robert de Barkeworthe being the first of them to reside in -the parish, as owner of Poolham. They were a family of wealth and -position in the neighbourhood at that period. There is a legal document -called Feet of Fines (file 98 [39]), of date A.D. 1329, in which William -de Barkeworthe, and ffloriana his wife, on the one part, and Robert de -Haney and Alice his wife, on the other part, lay claim to considerable -property, in Claxby, Normanby and Ussylby, in which the former establish -their claim. In 1351, William de Barkeworthe presented to a moiety of -the chapelry of Polum. But in 1369, Thomas de Thymbelby presented. This -marks the period when the property passed from the Barkeworthes to the -Thimblebys. A Walter de Barkeworthe died in 1347, and was buried in the -Cloister of Lincoln Cathedral. At the period of this transition (1369), -another Feet of Fines exists, between Thomas, son of Nicholas de -Thymelby, with several others, on the one part, and Richard, “son of -Simon atte See,” on the other part, by which the said Richard surrenders -lands in Claxby, Normanby, Tetford, and other property, to the said -Thomas, son of Nicholas de Thymelby and his friends (“Architectural Soc. -Journ.,” vol. XXIII., p. 255). There is another Feet of Fines, in 1374, -between Thomas de Themelby, John de Themelby, Parson, and others, on the -one part, and John de Toutheby, and his wife Alianora, on the other part, -which assigns the Manor of Tetford, and advowson of the church, to the -Thymelbys. In 1388, John, son of Thomas de Thymelby, presented to -Tetford. The Thimbleby pedigree is given in the Herald’s Visitation of -1562. - -In 1333, at a Chancery Inquisition, held at Haltham, “on Friday next, -after the feast of St. Matthew,” the Jurors declare, that Nicholas de -Thymelby, and his wife Matilda, hold land in Haltham, of the right of the -said Matilda, under the Lord the King, as parcel of the Manor of -Scrivelsby; also that the said Nicholas held land in Stikeswold, of the -Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, by the service of paying them ijs and vid -yearly; and also that he held lands in Thymelby, under the Bishop of -Carlisle. Further inquisitions show that Nicholas de Thymelby, and John, -his brother, also held lands in Horncastle and over (_i.e._ High) -Toynton, under the said Bishop of Carlisle; that Thomas de Thymelby -presented to the Church of Ruckland in 1381; and that John, his son, -presented to the Church of Tetford, April 4th, 1388. In 1427, it was -found that the heirs of John de Thymelby, held by their trustees, lands -“in Polum and Edlynton.” - -In 1439, William Thymelby, Esq., Lord of Polum, presented to the Benefice -of Somersby, having already presented to Tetford. He seems to have -married Joan, daughter of Sir Walter Tailboys, a descendant of the same -family, from which sprang Ivo Taillebois, the great Norman Baron, -previously mentioned, from whom Gilbert de Gaunt probably acquired his -land in Edlington. {37a} Richard Thimbleby, in 1474, obtained the -Beelsby estates, through marriage with Elizabeth, daughter and heir of -Sir Thomas Beelsby, knight, and widow of Sir John Pygot, Knt. He died -(1522) possessed (in right of his wife, who was coheir of Godfrey -Hilton), of the Manors of Beelsby, Holton-le-Moor, Horsington, Harpswell, -Harleston, Thorgansby; and a share of the advowson of Horsington; John -Thymelby, his son, succeeded him (Escheator’s Inquisitions, 14 H.S., No. -24). To show the religious fanaticism in the reign of Elizabeth, even -among Protestants, note the following:—A Thimbleby of Poolham, A.D. 1581, -was thrown into prison by the Bishop of Lincoln (T. Cowper), for refusing -to attend Protestant services. His wife was near her confinement, but -she begged to see her husband, she was treated so roughly that the pains -of labour seized her in her husband’s dungeon. She was nevertheless -detained in prison without any nurse or assistant, and a speedy death -followed; her husband also dying soon afterwards in prison from the rough -treatment which he underwent there. (“The Church under Queen Elizabeth,” -by F. G. Lee, II. p. 60). I have given these details to show the -importance of the family of Thimbleby. - -After another generation or two, Matthew Thymbleby’s widow of Poolham, -married Sir Robert Saville, Knt., who, through her, died possessed of the -Manors of Poolham, Edlington, and several more. Confining ourselves here -to Poolham, we find the Saviles, who were members of the Saviles of -Howley, co. York (now represented by Lord Mexborough, of Methley, co. -York, etc., etc., and the Saviles, of Rufford Abbey, co. Notts.), -continuing to own Poolham until 1600, when Sir John Saville, Knt., sold -it to George Bolles, Esq., citizen of London, whose descendant, Sir John -Bolles, {37b} Bart., sold it to Sir Edmund Turnor, of Stoke Rochford. It -has recently been sold to Dr. Byron, residing in London. - -As we have, thus far, chiefly confined ourselves to the owners of the -hamlet of Poolham, we will now make some rather interesting remarks upon -the old Poolham Hall, and matters connected with it. The old mansion was -probably built originally on a larger scale than the present farm house. -It is enclosed by a moat, in the south-west angle of which stand the -remains of a chapel, or oratory, now in the kitchen garden; they consist -of an end wall and part of a side wall, each with a narrow window. The -font, a few years ago, was taken away, and in order to preserve it from -destruction, it was placed, some twenty years ago, in the garden of -Wispington Vicarage, by the Vicar (the late Rev. C. P. Terrot), a great -ecclesiastical antiquarian. It has further again been removed by the -present writer, and, on the restoration of the Church of St. Margaret, at -Woodhall, in 1893, it was once more restored to its original purpose, as -font in that Church, being further adorned by four handsome columns of -serpentine, the gift of the Rev. J. A. Penny, the present Vicar of -Wispington. Near the chapel, there was till recently, a tombstone, -bearing date 1527. This stone was a few years ago removed, and now forms -the sill of a cottage doorway in Stixwould. The writer should here add -that, on the moat of this old Hall being cleaned out a few years ago, -there was found in the mud, beneath the chapel ruins, a curious object, -which at once passed into his possession. It proved to be an ancient -chrismatory, of which there has never been found the like. The material -is terra cotta, with peculiar primitive ornamentation, of a pale stone -colour, containing two divisions, or wells, with spouts at each end, each -having been covered with a roof, although one of them is now broken off, -curiously carved. The use of the chrismatory, was, in mediæval times, -connected with baptism; as the child was brought into the church, it was -sprinkled with salt, and at the font it was anointed with oil. The two -wells were meant to hold the salt and oil. As I have said, it is unique. -Its use was first explained to me, by Sir Augustus Franks, of the British -Museum. It has been exhibited among the ecclesiastical objects of art at -the Church Congresses, at Norwich, London, Newcastle, Northampton, and -other places. It has created very great interest, and has been noticed -in various publications. According to Ecton’s “Thesaurus,” this chapel -was connected with Bardney Abbey, but it is now a ruin, and unused. The -population is limited to three houses, and the most convenient place of -worship is Woodhall, St. Margaret’s. - -We will now revert more especially to Edlington. We have mentioned -Gilbert de Gaunt as among the first owners, but this applies, more -strictly to the hamlet Poolham. Edlington proper, is evidently a place -of great antiquity, the name is derived from “Eiddeleg,” a deity in the -Bardic Mythology (Dr. Oliver’s “Religious Houses on the Witham”); the -whole name meaning the town of Eiddeleg. In connection with this, we may -mention that, until about three years ago, when it was destroyed by -dynamite, there existed an enormous boulder, standing on a rising ground, -about sixty yards from the present highway, on the farm of Mr. Robert -Searby, which weighed about 10 tons, its height being about 10ft., width -4ft. 6in., and its thickness about 3ft. This would be just the Druidic -altar, at which the Bardic mysteries, in the British period, might be -celebrated. In 1819, while digging a field in Edlington, some men found -several heaps of ox bones, and with each heap an urn of baked clay. -Unfortunately none of these urns were preserved, so that we are unable to -say whether they were of Roman make, or of earlier date. They imply -heathen sacrifice of some kind, and were close to a Roman road; still the -existence, already mentioned, of an earlier Bardic worship, would favour -for them, an earlier origin. - -From Domesday Book (completed circa 1086), we gather (1st) that among the -possessions of the King (William the Conqueror), there were 4 carucates, -_i.e._ 480 acres of land, with proportionate sokemen, villeins, and -bordars. The whole land of the parish being reckoned at 6,960 acres. Of -this extent, the Saxon Ulf, so often mentioned as an owner in this -neighbourhood, had 10 carucates (or 1,200 acres). Egbert, the vassal of -Gilbert de Gaunt had 480 acres, a mill, always a valuable possession, as -all dependants were bound to have their grain ground there; 90 acres of -meadow, and 210 acres of wood land, in all 780 acres. A Jury of the -wapentake of Horncastle, declared that the powerful noble Robert -Despenser, wrongfully disputed the claim of Gilbert de Gaunt, to half a -carucate, or 60 acres, in Edlington, which in the time of Edward the -Confessor had been formerly held by one Saxon, Tonna. - -Edlington was one of the 222 parishes in the county which had churches -before the Norman conquest, but as the number of priests serving these -churches was only 131, it is doubtful whether it had a resident minister, -it being more probably that it was served by a Monk of Bardney Abbey, to -which (according to Liber Regis) it was attached. Here again we have a -trace of Gilbert de Gaunt being Lord of the Manor of Edlington, as well -as of the subdivision of Poolham. The Monastery of Bardney was -originally one of the few Saxon foundations, and established before the -year 697. It was however reduced to great poverty by the Danes, under -Inguar and Hubba, in 870, 300 monks being slain. It remained in ruins -some 200 years, when it was restored by Gilbert de Gaunt, who succeeded -to some of the property of Ulf, the Saxon Thane, already named. Gilbert -de Gaunt had 54 Manors conferred upon him; being nephew of the Conqueror, -and among the several which he bestowed on Bardney, was Edlington. At -the dissolution, it would revert to the King, and (as we are here reduced -to conjecture), we may well suppose that it was one of the many Manors in -this district conferred by Henry VIII., on Charles Brandon, Duke of -Suffolk, among whose descendants these vast possessions were subsequently -divided. In Dr. Oliver’s learned book on the “Religious Houses on the -Witham,” it is stated that Bardney had land in Edlington, that the abbot -had the advowson of the benefice, and that before the King’s Justices, in -the reign of Ed. I., the abbot proved his right, by act of Henry I., -confirmed by Henry III. to the exercise of “Infangthef, pit, and gallows -at Bardney.” - -In “Placito de Warranto,” p. 409, he claimed, and proved his right, also -to a gallows at Edlington (as well as at Hagworthingham, and Steeping, -and Candlesby); and in connection with this, it is interesting to note -that, as at Bardney, there is a field called “Coney Garth” (Konig Garth), -or King enclosure, where the abbot’s gallows stood; so at Edlington there -is a field (the grass field, in the angle, as you pass from the village -road to the high road, leading northward), which is still called “Coney -Green,” which name moderns of small education, suppose to be derived from -the numbers of conies, _i.e._ rabbits, which abound there; but in which -the antiquarian sees the old Konig-field, the King’s enclosure; and in -that field, doubtless, stood the abbot of Bardney’s gallows; {41} just as -the Abbots of Kirkstead had a gallows in Thimbleby. On this Edlington -Coney Green, I have found bricks of an early style, with various mounds -and hollows, indicating buildings of some extent, and probably belonging -to the King. - -In the year 1897, the Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of Wispington, discovered -and published in “Linc. N. and Q.,” some very interesting Bardney -charters of the 13th century, which make many mentions of Edlington. In -one case they record the gift of a bondman, and his progeny to Thomas de -Thorley, living in Gautby, the slave being William, son of Peter -Hardigrey, of Edlington; among the witnesses to the deed of gift being -Master Robert, of Poolham, Simon, the Chamberlain of Edlington, and -others. Date, 22nd May, 1281. - -Another is a declaration of Thomas de Thorley, living in Gautby, that he -grants to Master William Hardegrey, Rector of Mareham, all the lands and -tenements which he owns in the village and fields of Edlington; among the -witnesses being Simon, son of John, the Chamberlain of Edlington; Richard -King of the same, Simon the Francis of Edlington, and others. - -Another charter states that, “I, William, son of William of Wispington, -have granted, and by this deed confirmed, the gift, to William Hardigrey, -of Edlington, clerk, all my toft, with its buildings, lying in the parish -of Edlington, which is situate between the public highway, and the croft -of Richard, son of Henry King, for ever. Among the witnesses being -Simon, the Chamberlain of Edlington, John, his son, Alured of Woodhall, -and others. Given at Edlington, the Wednesday after Michaelmas, A.D. -1285. (30th Sep., 1285), and 13th year of the reign of King Edward I.” - -We further get disconnected notices of various owners of, or in, -Edlington, but I can not make out a connected series. - -For instance, in a Chancery Inquisition, 13. Ed. I. (12th May, 1285), -held by order of the King, among the jurors are Henry of Horsington, -Robert, son of the Parson of Horsington, Hugh Fraunklyn, of Langton, -William de Wodehall, of Edlington, and others. Thus the William de -Woodhall, already named, was a proprietor in Edlington, as early as 1285. - -We find, in a Final Concord, Nov. 22nd, 1208 (three-quarters of a century -earlier than the preceding), between Andrew, of Edlington, plaintiff, and -Alice, daughter of Elvina, who acted for her, the said Andrew -acknowledged the said Alice to be free (he had probably claimed her as a -bond-slave, in his house, or on his land, at Edlington), for which Alice -gave him one mark. It was only in the reign of Henry VI. that a servant -was permitted, after giving due notice to leave his place, and take the -services of another (23. Hen. VI. c. 13). Before that, all were the -property of their owners, unless given their freedom for some special -reason. Here is another proprietor in a dispute, on 10th Nov., 1208, -between Thorold, of Horsington on the one part, and John, son of Simon, -of Edlington. The said Thorold surrendered for ever, certain lands in -Edlington, to John and his heirs, another family of proprietors, at the -same date as the previous. - -In November, 1218, in a Final Concord, between John, of Edlington, and -Hugh, his tenant, as to the right to certain lands in Edlington, it was -agreed that John was the rightful owner, and for this, John granted Hugh -certain other lands, but in case Hugh died without issue, they were to -revert to John, of Edlington. He would seem, therefore, to have been -rather a large proprietor. - -The will of Richard Evington, of Halsteade Hall, was made, on 22nd -January, 1612, by which he leaves his lands in Edlington, and other -places, to his two sons, Maurice and Nicholas Evington. - -On 23rd December, 1616, Edward Turnor, clerk, of Edlington, made his -will, the details of which do not here concern us, beyond showing that he -was Vicar. - -The parish register dates from 1562, beginning with Thomas fforeman, the -sonne of William fforeman, christened 2nd February, 1562. This register -is very peculiar, as it gives the baptisms down to 1700, then the -marriages from and to the same dates, then the burials from and to the -same dates. This is very unusual, the common arrangement, in those -times, being to give the baptisms, marriages, and burials under the same -dates all together. The present book is the copy on paper, of the -original on parchment or vellum. Among some of the surnames are -Billinghay, Padison, Melborn, fford, Hollywell, Kaksby, Stanley, Gunby, -Brinkels (Brinkhills), William, son of Thomas Bounsayne, gent., bap. -Jany. 12th, 1605. Margaret, daughter of John Elton, gent. (and a -sister), baptized October 29th, 1611; and Siorach Edmonds, Vicar, 1617. -Mary, the daughter of Robert Brookley, gent., bapt. Nov. 2nd, 1652; with -others. - -This list shews a considerable number of landed proprietors in the -parish; there being no one pre-eminent landowner. - -Among the Christian names, which occur in the oldest register, are -Bridgett, Muriall, Rowland, Judith, Dorothie, Anthony, Hamond, Cicilie, -and others. - -George Hamerton, gent., and Sarah Hussey, were married June 21st, 1699. -[These Hamertons were a wealthy family in Horncastle, owning a large -block of houses at the junction of the east and south streets. The -initials of John Hamerton and his wife, remain there, over the -fire-place, in an oak-pannelled room. I believe they were connected with -the Hamertons, of Hamerton, co. York.] - -John Corbet and Isabell Thylley were married, December 6th, 1660. [The -Corbets have been a long-established family in Lincolnshire, and also -taking a leading position in Shropshire, in Sir Andrew Corbett, Bart]. -In register III., is a note, “Thomas Barnett, of Thimbelby, found dead in -Edlington parish, and was buried Sep. 6th, 1798”; also, “Deborah Bell, -aged 95, buried November 7th, 1804.” - -In the 2nd register book, among other entries are these:—The Rev. -Tristram Sturdivant, Vicar, buried August 3rd, 1755. (The clerk, William -Blow, had died 2 years before). Belmirah, daughter of Thos. Clarke of -Horncastle, and Mary, his wife, buried Feb. 23rd, 1773. - -The 3rd register has the following:—Mr. Wells’ youngest child (of -Poolham), christened by me, William Wells, at Poolham, baptized by Mr. -L’Oste (then Vicar), at Woodhall Church, named Charles, Aug. 11, 1794. -[The Wells’ resided at Poolham down to about 1850. They were wealthy -gentlemen farmers, and were most generous to the poor, and supported the -church in every possible way, as I know from my own experience, and that -of my father]. - -Margaret Spencer, a traveller, commonly called “Scotch Peg,” she being a -Scotch woman, was buried (at Edlington), Sept. 2, 1789. In the 2nd -Register again we have, among the surnames, Greenland, Walesby, Bouchier, -Soulby, Bates, Longstaffe, Falkner, Bullifant, Gaunt, Elsey, Sturdivant, -Bontoft, Darwin, and others. - -We have just mentioned the name of Soulby. I find from the returns made -by Government, that Charles Soulby, and his brother Edward, both payed -the tax for male servants, the former for 2, the latter for 1, in the -year 1780. - -Among the Gentry of Lincolnshire, a list of whom was made by the Royal -Heralds in the year 1634, is Thomas Tokyng, of Edlington, with Ambrose -Sheppard, of Hemingby, Robert and John Sherard, of Gautby, Thomas Morgan, -Esq., of Scrivelsby, &c., &c. John Rolt, of Edlington, declined the -honour, there being some slight “duty” chargeable on the distinction. - -Ralph Palframan, clerk, was presented to the Benefice of Edlington, by -his brother Anthony, merchant of the staple, at Lincoln, by an assignment -of the advowson made for this turn by the late Abbot of Bardney. William -Palfreyman was Mayor of Lincoln in 1536, probably the father. He was -instituted A.D. 1569, on the demise of Leonard Nurse. “Architect, Soc. -Journ.,” vol. xxiv., p. 15. - -The Church of Edlington is dedicated to St. Helen, the mother of the -Emperor Constantine, who was, by birth, a Yorkshire woman. The edifice -was re-built, with the exception of the lowest part of the tower, in -1859–60, at a cost of £1146. It consists of a nave, south aisle, -chancel, and substantial tower of 3 tiers, with 3 bells. The font is -square at the base, octagonal above. The tower arch at the west end is -the original Norman, and the only part remaining of the original -building. The upper part of the tower is in the Early English style. -The windows in the tower are copies of the former Early English ones, the -south arcade is perpendicular, with windows in the same style, and -consisting of 3 bays, with octagonal columns. The Chancel Arch is of -good Early English style. There is a good coloured two-light window, -near the pulpit, in memory of Margaret, the wife of J. Hassard Short, -Esq., who died Feb. 2nd, 1881. The subject of this window is the three -Maries, and the Angel, at the Sepulchre; combined with his wife, he also -by the same window, commemorated his daughter, Agnes Margarette, who died -17th Dec., 1867. Another coloured window was placed in the Church in -December, 1900, in memory of the late Squire, the subject being the -Saviour appearing to Mary Magdalene, at the Sepulchre. Both figures are -of life-size, the countenances being full of expression. It was designed -by Messrs. Heaton and Butler, and placed in position by Mr. C. Hensman, -of Horncastle; and forms a fitting companion to the window in memory of -his wife. It bears the inscription, “To the glory of God, in loving -memory of John Hassard Short, Esq., who died Dec. 4, 1893, this window is -erected by his daughter Marian.” The Shorts have held this estate for -four generations. The flooring is laid with Minton tiles, the church is -fitted with open benches, and pulpit of oak, with reading desk and -lectern of the same. These were the gift of the Lay Impropriators of the -Benefice, the Trustees of Oakham and Uppingham Schools. The organ is by -Stephenson, of Lincoln. The inscription on the 3 bells (according to -North, in his “Lincolnshire Bells”), 2 Royal Heads on each, Edwd. I., and -Queen Eleanor; Edwd. III. and Queen Philippa; Henry VI. and Margaret of -Anjou. Further details are given, as that Edlington had, in 1553, “three -big bells and a Priest’s bell.” Inscriptions now, on 1st bell “1824,” -2nd bell “I.H.S. Sancte Peter,” with diameter of 34 inches; 3rd bell -“I.H.S., Sancte Paule”; Priest’s bell, “T.L. TFCW., 1670,” with diameter -11½ inches. - -There have been at least 5 Vicars within the last 50 years. The present -Vicar, is the Rev. E. H. Bree, formerly Curate of Belchford, who has a -good and commodious residence and premises, recently enlarged, and good -garden, pleasantly situated close to the Park. - -We have said that the former old Residence of the Shorts was pulled down -several years ago; no building has been erected on the same scale or site -since, but a farm house was adopted as a shooting box, for members of the -family; and for the last three or four years this has been occupied by J. -R. Hatfeild, Esq., who rents the shooting. The Benefice is in the gift -of the Lord Chancellor, as representing the former Patron, the King. - -Small as is the parish of Edlington, it has seen some stirring scenes. -On the day before the Battle of Winceby, near Horncastle, where the -Royalists were defeated by Cromwell, viz., on the Evening of Tuesday, -Oct. 10, 1643, a troop of Parliamentary Horse, commanded by Capt. Samuel -Moody, were surprised at Edlington, by the King’s forces, under the -command of Sir John Henderson and Lord Widdrington, of Blankney, and -there befell a rather sharp skirmish, in which the Parliamentary troops -had to fall back. Such was one violation of the quietude of the little -village. In older times, lying as it did, between the two Roman forts of -Banovallum (or Cornucastrum) and the ancient Lindum (or Lincoln), it -would often, in the time of the Roman occupation of the country, be -disturbed by the heavy tread of Roman Legions, and the accompanying music -of Roman Clarions. - -History also tells us that “in the year of our Lord, 1406, Sept. 12, King -Henry IV. made a Royal procession from the town of Horncastle, with a -great and honourable company, to the Abbey of Bardney, where the Abbot -and Monastery came out, in ecclesiastical state, to meet him,” [Leland’s -“Collectanea”]. As by-roads did not exist, as they do now, we can hardly -doubt, that his line of route would be by the King’s highway, through -Edlington. - -Surely, even in these days of easy locomotion, it can have fallen to the -lot of few villages, large or small, to have given to the gaze of their -rustic wondering inhabitants, such varied, and unusual scenes as these. - - - -MAVIS ENDERBY. - - -Mavis Enderby is nearly 8 miles from Horncastle, in an easterly -direction, the road passing through High Toynton, skirting Scrafield, and -through Winceby, and Lusby, and being part of the old Roman road from -Doncaster to Wainfleet. It is about 3 miles west by north of Spilsby, -where is the nearest telegraph office; the nearest money order office -being at Raithby. Letters, via Spilsby, arrive at 7.30 a.m. The village -is prettily situated on a slope of the wolds, the houses clustering about -the church, except solitary farm residences of a substantial kind; the -parish is roughly divided into Northfield and Southfield. To the north -formerly stood a religious house, a dependency of Revesby Abbey. It was -last occupied by C. J. H. Massingberd Mundy, Esq. It fell into decay -some years ago, and nothing now remains of it, beyond the turf-covered -foundations and some fine yew-trees, apparently survivals of a former -avenue leading to it. A varied view is seen to the north-east, towards -Aswardby and Langton, including the wooded height of Harrington Hill, and -other elevated ground, with the graceful spire of Sausethorpe church -conspicuous in the intervening valley, one of the most successful -creations of the Architect, Stephen Lewin, who, fifty years ago, did some -good work among our Lincolnshire churches, notably in his restoration of -Swineshead, and his re-building of Brothertoft. The stranger might, by -the name of this parish, be reminded of the lines of Sir Walter Scott. -{47a} - - Merry it is in the good green woods, - When the Mavis {47b} and Merle {47c} are singing, - When the deer sweep by, and the hounds are in cry, - And the hunter’s horn is ringing. - -But no groves or hedgerows vocal with their songsters, gave the parish -its name. The Lord of the Manor, in the 12th century was Richard de -Malbyse, or Malbishe, a large proprietor, and exercising considerable -influence in this neighbourhood, and elsewhere. The epithet has been -retained to distinguish this from Bag Enderby, and Wood Enderby; one of -which is near and the other not far away. The name Malbyse or Malbishe, -means, in old Norman French, an evil beast (compare Bis-on); and the arms -of the family, as still preserved at Acaster Malbis, near York, once -belonging to a member of the family, are a chevron, with three wild stags -heads “erased,” _i.e._, raggedly severed from the body. - -Domesday Book, however, tells us of owners of land before the Malbyshes, -in pre-Norman times. The Saxon, Thane Elnod, held land in Mavis Enderby -and Raithby and East Keal, in the reign of Edward the Confessor (p. 31) -{47c}; while another Saxon, Godwin, whose name appears in connection with -several other parishes, had the Manor of Mavis Enderby (p. 159) {47c} -The old hereditary owners of the lands met with no mercy from the -Conqueror, who had to provide for his Norman followers. The historian -records that as William passed along the ranks of his army before the -great Battle of Hastings, he addressed them in a loud voice thus, -“Remember to fight well, if we conquer we shall be rich, if I take this -land, you will have it among you,” and the promise then held out, was -amply fulfilled; the vanquished Saxons were robbed of their lands, to -reward William’s favorites who had capacious maws. Among those rewarded -extensively with plundered territory, was William de Karilepho, -consecrated Bishop of Durham in 1082, and also made Chief Justice of -England; he received grants of land in Mavis Enderby, Raithby, Spilsby, -Hundleby, Grebby, and many other places. Ivo Taillebois (equivalent to -the modern Underwood), who was then leader of the Angevin Auxiliaries of -the Conqueror, also received very extensive grants; among them being -lands in Mavis Enderby, Raithby, Hareby, Halton Holgate, Asgarby, -Miningsby and many other demesnes. About the same time also (1070), -another of the Conqueror’s favourites Eudo—son of Spirewic, subsequently -the founder of the Tattershall family, received very extensive domains, -among them being the Manor of Mavis Enderby, a Berewick (or smaller -outlying portion) in Raithby, another in Hundleby, and in the two Keals, -Hagnaby, and endless more possessions, his head-quarters being at -Tattershall, all of which he held “in capite” or directly of the King. -But, as we have repeatedly observed in these notes, these early Norman -tenures were precarious, they were acquired by violence, and when the -hand that held them waxed feeble, a stronger hand, in turn, took -possession. Mavis Enderby, like very many other parishes, became an -appurtenance of the Manor, or Honor, of Bolingbroke, and throughout that -great appanage of the Crown there were many changes in the Lords of -demesnes. - -The first of the Malbishes, whose name is recorded, is Osbert Malbishe, -who, with others, is witness to a charter of Revesby Abbey, of date 1173; -this probably is accounted for by the fact of there being a cell of -Revesby Abbey at Mavis Enderby. Another Malbishe, William, also -witnesses another Revesby charter in 1216. Both these lived before the -Richard Malbishe who is generally referred to as being the Lord of the -Manor, whose name became attached to the parish. - -Among the “Final Concords” (p. 162), we find it recorded, that in a deed, -dated 5th June, 1222, Matilda, wife of the above William Malebisse, -claimed certain lands in Enderby (not yet specially designated “Mavis”), -as her dower, but that through the agency of Robert de Wion, she -quit-claimed all her rights to that particular portion in favour of one -Nicholas and his heirs, for which the said Nicholas gave her 20s. - -In a Chancery Inquisition, 4 Edw. III., 1330, it is shown that the heirs -of Alan Malbish hold certain lands in Sausthorpe and Langton; and another -Inquisition in 1352, mentions ¼ fee held in Sauzethorpe and Langton, -which the heirs of Alan Malbish hold. (“Archit. S. Journ.,” 1894, p. -170.) - -After this we hear nothing more of the Malbishe family. But in a -Chancery Inquisition post-mortem, 18 Henry VII., No. 34, taken at “Est -Rasen, 26th October, 1502, after the death of Thomas Fitzwilliam, heir of -Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam, Knight, lately deceased,” it is stated that John -Vere, Earl of Oxford, Sir Robert Dymmok, Knight, Robert Rede, Justice of -the Lord the King, Thomas Chaloner, and others, were seized of the fee of -the Manors of Malburssh Enderby, Maydinwell, Malberthorp, etc., with -their appurtenances (which are described as extensive) to the use of the -heirs male of the said Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam lawfully begotten, and the -Jurors further say, that the Manor of Malburssh Enderby, with -appurtenances, etc., are held of the Lord the King, of the Duchy of -Lancaster, as of his Manor of Bolingbroke, and that certain lands are -held of Sir George Taylboys (doubtless a descendent of Ivo Taillebois, -owner in the days of the Conqueror), but by what services they do not -know. (“Architect. Soc. Journ.” 1895, p. 14). - -The Fitzwilliams still held lands in Mablethorp in the reign of Henry -VIII. One of the family, Sir William Fitzwilliam was Lord High Admiral, -and a staunch supporter of the King in the rebellion of 1536. Only two -years later, in an Inquisition, 20 Henry VII., No. 14 (January 31, -1504–5). After the death of George Gedney, it is stated that a certain -John Billesby (of Billesby) {49} and Nicholas Eland were seized of the -Manor of Mabysshenderby, with appurtenances, as well as lands in -Hagworthynham, Bag Enderby, Holbeche, Fleet, and Swaby, and that they -enfeoffed the said George Gedney and Anne his wife of the aforesaid -Manors, to them and their heirs for ever. The Gedneys continued for many -generations an influential family in the neighbourhood. Andrew Gedney, -of Bag Enderby, married Dorothy, daughter of Sir William Skipwith, of -South Ormsby, 1536; and within recent years Arthur P. Gedney, Esq. (a -cousin of the writer of these notes), owned the Manor of Candlesby, and -resided at Candlesby Hall. (“Arch. S. Journ.,” 1895, page 27.) - -In an Inquisition p.m. in the same year No. 52, after the death of the -said Anne, wife of George Gedney, much of this is repeated, but it is -further specified that the property in Hagworthingham is held of the -Abbot of Bardney; some in Bag Enderby is held of the Warden of Tateshale, -some in Holbeche of the Lady Dacre de la South, and some in Flete of the -Lord Fitz Water; that the said Anne died on the Saturday after the feast -of the Holy Trinity, and that John Gedney is son and next heir. In a -deed of 14 June, 1535, John Gedney, of Bag Enderby, refers to his wife’s -jointure of lands in Mavis Enderby and other parishes; the said wife -being Isabel, heiress of the Enderbies of Bag Enderby. - -In the register of Mavis Enderby, one book of which extends from 1579 to -1772, an entry shows that George Lilbourne was Rector from 1522 to 1588, -or 66 years. He was a relative of the Smyths of Elkington, near Louth, -who are still represented in the two parishes of North and South -Elkington, as is shown by his will, dated 5th July, 1587 (Lincolnshire -Wills), in which he requests that he may be buried on the north side of -the chancel, bequeathing “to my niece Lacon, my niece Hansard, and my -niece Simpson, an old English crown apiece; to Sir Edward Hustwaite, all -the books he hath of mine, and a great book of St. Gregory’s works, in -the hands of Sir Robert Welles, Parson of Howell; to my servant Agnes -Cressie, a silver spoon with akorne at the end of it; to George Smithe -3li.; to Dorothy and Susan Smyth, 10s. apiece; to my nephew Herbert -Lacon, a macer (mazer or drinking bowl), lined with silver and gilt; to -my cousins Thomas Smithe and Anthony Smithe, and my nephew Tristram -Smithe a little silver salt (cellar). I make my nephew Herbert Lacon, -and Mr. Thomas Taylor, supervisors.” (Prob., 8 May, 1588). - -It would appear that he was more generous in lending his books than his -friends were careful in returning them, the latter, a failing not unknown -in our own day, and even St. Paul could write to Timothy (2 T. iv. 13), -“Bring with thee the books, but especially the parchments.” - -Among Lincolnshire Wills is one of Roger Metcalf, clerk of Mavis Enderby, -dated 18 July, 1606, in which he desires to be buried in the chancel, -John Downes of Lusby, clerk, being left executor, and George Littlebury -of Somersby, Gent., and John Salmon of Haltham-on-Bain, clerk, -supervisors. We thus see that in Saxon times, lands in Mavis Enderby and -Raithby were held by the same owner, and that in early Norman times, -lands in the two parishes were held more than once by the same Lord. In -a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, file 68 (32), 30 Ed. I., there was a dispute -between John Beck (of the ancient family of Bec, of Eresby, Lusby, etc.) -and Robert de Wylgheby (ancestor of the Lords Willoughby) about the -Manors and advowsons of Enderby Malbys, and Ratheby, as well as other -properties, in which the said Robert granted to the said John the said -lands and advowsons. “Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, p. 56. And in the -present day the two benefices are held together by the Rev. George Ward, -who is himself patron of Mavis Enderby, Raithby being in the gift of the -crown. - -Early in the seventeenth century, the benefice was held by the Rev. James -Forrester, who was chaplain to Anne, Queen of James I., and wrote a -curious book, entitled “The Marrowe Juice of 260 Scriptures, or -Monas-Tessera-Graphica”; printed at the signe of the crowne, in Paul’s -churchyard, 1611. - -The head of one of our old and distinguished Lincolnshire families, Sir -Edward Ascough, presented to the benefice in 1679 and 1685. In 1734, -Decimus Reynolds presented, and in 1782 Henry Best, Esq., presented. -“Liber Regis.,” s.v., Malvis, alias Maurice, Enderby. - -The present owners of the parish are Mrs. Rashdall of London, Mrs. -Coltman of Hagnaby, Mr. Holmes of Eastville, and the Rector. - -It need hardly be said that the poem, by Miss Ingelow, of Boston, called -“The Brides of Mavis Enderby,” has no connection with this parish, being -entirely imaginary, except that it is founded on the fact of a high tide -on the Lincolnshire coast. It was published in 1849, and Tennyson, the -Laureate, much admired it. “Life of Lord Tennyson,” Vol. I., p. 287. -The name was chosen as being euphonious. - -The Church, dedicated to St. Michael, consists of tower, nave with south -aisle, and chancel. The tower is of three stories. In the western wall, -above the west door, is a three-light trefoiled perpendicular window, -above this a clock, above that a smaller three-light window, similar -windows being in all four faces. The sill of the west door is an ancient -stone, with the “Runic involuted knot” pattern, which, however, is almost -obliterated by the tread of worshippers entering by the door. It is -similar to the Runic stone at Miningsby. The church has been restored or -rebuilt at various periods. The tower, originally a lofty one, but a -large part of which, through decay of the sandstone, had fallen down, was -partly rebuilt in 1684, and a lower bell-chamber provided. In 1894 it -was again restored, and carried up to its original height. The chancel -also was rebuilt to its original length in 1871, and the nave, aisle, and -porch were handsomely restored in 1878. There are three bells. On the -south interior wall of the tower is an inscription on a tablet, recording -that the tower was restored and clock set up in 1894, in memory of four -generations of the Ward family, “who were married in 1704, 1728, 1783, -1836, G. Ward, F.S.A. (Rector), W. Sharpe (Churchwarden), their 23rd year -of office together, C. Hodgson Fowler (Architect), Edwd. Bowman and Sons -(Contractors).” - -In the north wall of the nave is a door, two three-light trefoiled -windows, with two quatrefoils above. The south aisle consists of three -bays, one of the original sandstone pillars still remains in the north -corner of the west end, next to the tower wall, where there is also a -two-light window behind the font. In the south wall, east of the porch, -are two windows of three lights, one of the decorated style, the other -perpendicular, both square-headed. The eastern one has coloured glass, -by Clayton and Bell, the subjects being—in the centre the annunciation, -to the east the angel appearing to Zacharias, to the west the visitation, -adapted from the famous picture by Mariotto Albertinelli, in the Academy -Gallery, at Florence. The seats are of modern oak, with carved -poppy-heads, except one or two ancient ones preserved from an older -structure near the tower, and the roof throughout is of red deal. There -is a modern oak rood screen, with rood-loft, having standing figures of -angels, one on each side, as well as one over the pulpit. These were -originally in Louth church. The pulpit and reading desk are of modern -oak. The font is octagonal, decorated with plain Ogee arch on each face. -The south porch is modern, but having a curious old stoup, the pedestal -being a cluster of early English columns, the bowl of a rather later -date, in keeping with the carving round the doorway; these have probably -been imported from elsewhere. The chancel, entirely modern, has a -three-light east window, both the tracery and coloured glass being -adapted from a window in Louth church (where the Rector was formerly -Curate), the glass being by Clayton and Bell, the tracery by the late Mr. -James Fowler of Louth. The subjects are—below, the agony, crucifixion -and entombment, and above, the annunciation, with six-winged cherubim on -either side. In the south wall are two windows of two lights, with -quatrefoil above. On the north is an organ chamber, with low wide arch, -and a modern piscina and aumbrey in the wall. The altar cloths are very -handsome, the upper cover being crimson plush, decorated with shields, -and the cross and scales; the frontals are gifts of various persons, one -of Algerian red silk and gold work in three compartments; a second of -white silk, worked by Mrs. Clarke, late of Stainsby House, with the Agnus -Dei in the centre; the third is of green silk, with very rich embroidery; -the fourth, of plain purple velvet, with four bands of darker purple, for -the Lent season. - -The churchyard cross has been recently restored after the fashion of the -Somersby cross, a portion of the shaft being old. There is also a modern -sun dial, erected by the present Rector. Fragments of the old tower, and -of the Norman sandstone pillars, form ornaments in the Rectory garden. - -The present Rectory was built in 1871, the architect being the late Mr. -James Fowler, of Louth, it has been added to since that date, and now -forms a commodious residence in pretty grounds, and a picturesque -situation. - -It may be added, as an incident of special interest, that the father of -the late Sir John Franklin, the arctic explorer, on retiring from -business in Spilsby, bought a portion of ground in this parish, in south -field, and built a house, now occupied by Mr. W. R. Cartwright, in which -he resided for some years, and in which Sir John Franklin spent his -youth. - -Some years ago, the Rector found in his garden a silver groat of Philip -and Mary, two Nuremberg tokens, and a half-penny of William III. - -The church and parish, in their past and present history, are among the -most interesting in the neighbourhood. - - - -FULLETBY. - - -Fulletby lies about 3½ miles from Horncastle, in a north-east by north -direction, on the road to Belchford. Letters, _via_ Horncastle, arrive -at 10 a.m. The nearest Money Order Office is at Belchford, the nearest -Telegraph Office at Tetford, or Horncastle. We do not know very much of -the ancient history of this parish. In Domesday Book it is stated -(“Lands of the Bishop of Durham”) that the Saxons, Siward and Edric, had -there two carucates (or about 240 acres) and six oxgangs of land, -rateable to gelt. William, a vassal of the Bishop {54} had also there -two carucates (or 240 acres) and five villeins and 19 socmen, who had two -carucates and two oxgangs. In Hearne’s “Liber Niger” (vol. ii) Ranulph, -Bishop of Durham, is said to have “in Fuletebi and Oxcum 4 carucates and -6 oxgangs which Pinson holds” (Circa A.D. 1114). Pinson was a Norman -soldier, Dapifer, or Steward of the Durham Bishops, and held many lands -in this neighbourhood under them for the service of acting as their -bailiff; the Bishop holding, “in chief,” direct from the sovereign. -Pinson thus became (deputy) Lord of Eresby, and other Episcopal -Lordships, and by the marriage of Walter de Beck, with Agnes, a daughter -of Hugh Pinson, several of these lands passed to the family of Bec, or -Bek; one of the family, Anthony de Bec, himself became Bishop of Durham. -In 1214 the Bishop of Durham’s land in Fulletby and Oxcomb was held under -him by Henry Bec, and in the reign of Ed. I. John Beck and John de -Harington held a Fee (doubtless the same property in Fulletby and -Oxcombe). At another date, temp King Henry II., a certain “Count -Richard,” probably the Earl of Chester, had “in Fulledebi 2 carucates.” -By the marriage of Sir William Willoughby with a daughter of Baron Bec, -of Eresby, several of these Lordships passed to the Willoughby d’ Eresby -family; and among them (“Testa de Nevill,” page 318) were lands in -“ffotby”; and in Feet of Fines, Lincoln, (file 69, 31, Ed. I. A.D. 1303) -it is stated that Robert de Wylgheby held “rent of 6 quarters of salt in -ffoletby, Beltefford, Golkesby, &c.” While Gervase Holles says -(“Collectanea,” Brit. Mus., vol. iii., p. 770) that in the reign of -Elizabeth, “Carolus, Dominus Willoughby de Parham,” was Lord of the Manor -of Fulletby (“Old Lincolnshire,” vol. i., pp. 213–214). The lands have -passed from these old owners many years ago, and are now the property of -the Elmhirst, Booth, Riggall, and other families. - -In the rebellion, called “the Lincolnshire Rising,” in 1536, Robert -Leech, of Fulletby, joined with the insurgents, and, although his -brother, Nicholas Leech, parson of Belchford, escaped trial, Robert was -put to death with Thomas Kendall, vicar of Louth, the Abbots (Matthew -Mackerell) of Barlings, and (Richard Harrison) of Kirkstead, and many -others. Their names were included in a “List of Lincolnshire Martyrs,” -sent to the Apostolic See, who were “first made Venerable, then Blessed, -and lastly Canonised,” by his holiness, for their steadfastness in the -Papal cause. Other persons, known by name, connected with the parish as -patrons of the benefice, have been the heirs of Nicholas Shepley in 1701; -George Lascells, Esq., in 1741; Thomas Rockliffe, Esq., in 1782; Francis -Rockliffe, clerk, in 1784; Mrs. A. R. Rockliffe, 1826; Rev. J. Jackson in -1863. F. Charsley, Esq., is the present patron; and Rev. R. Barker is -rector, who has a substantial residence in the parish. The benefice was -formerly charged with a pension of 6s. 8d. to Bullington Priory. - -The Church, St. Andrews, is a modern edifice, almost entirely rebuilt in -1857 by Messrs Maughan and Fowler, of Louth; a previous larger church -having been erected in 1705, on the site of a Saxon church, mentioned by -Archdeacon Churton, in his “English Church,” as one of the two hundred -and twenty-two churches in Lincolnshire existing before the Norman -conquest. No traces of the original Saxon church remain. The fabric, -400 years ago, is said to have been considerably longer, to have had a -tower, and north and south aisles. In the later fabric, the aisles had -disappeared, as shewn in an old print, and the tower which partly fell, -in 1799, was then cut down to the level of the nave roof, with a small -wooden bell-turret above it. - -The Land Revenue Records (bundle 1392) state that there were “iij bells -and a lytel bell.” In 1566 the Churchwardens reported a “sacringe bell” -as still remaining (Peacock’s “Church Furniture” p. 81.) There are now -only two bells; and a tradition still lingers, that the largest of the -former bells now hangs in the belfry of Tetford church. In 1834, the -Church, like several others in the neighbourhood, was thatched; at that -date the roof was repaired, and covered with tiles. - -The east window is a good triplet, in early English style. The present -pulpit was put up by the late Rector, the Rev. G. E. Frewer; and, along -with the Reredos, was carved by Mr. Winn, living in the parish. The -reading desk was carved by a former Rector, Rev. J. Jackson, but has of -late years, been altered. There is a handsome brass lectern given by the -present Rector, Rev. R. Barker. In the floor of the chancel is a slab, -with this inscription, “Depositum Ricardi Dugard qui obiit anno ætatis -68, salutis 1653, Januarii 28.” He is supposed to have been a nephew of -William Dugard, who printed the original edition of “Ikon Basilike,” in -his own house. The two present bells are inscribed “Warner and Sons, -1857.” All the registers previous to 1750 have been lost. Of the -communion plate, the chalice and paten are dated 1688; the flagon is -modern. - -In 1566 there was in the church “one alb, one cope, a crosse, super -altaire, ij images, a mass, a piece of wood, whereon stood xxiv candels.” -George Monson, the royal commissioner, ordered that “they must awaie with -(these) this side the first of Maie, and certifie.” - -In 1846 six Roman urns, containing calcined bones, were dug up in this -parish in an abandoned brickyard; and, about 5 years afterwards, another -similar urn was found near the same place. There are still found there a -considerable quantity of fossils, ammonites, gryphæa, &c.; and the writer -of these notes possesses a vertebra of a large saurian, one of several -which have quite recently been found at the same place. - -Fulletby School was rebuilt in 1849. The 1st stone being laid in the -last week in August, to contain 60 children, by Dr. Spranger, Rector of -Low Toynton, who gave handsomely, besides building at his own expense and -endowing a School at New York. The Rev. W. M. Pierce, Rector, -contributed, also Mrs. Elmhirst, of Yorkshire; the Lady of the Manor, the -Queen Dowager giving £10. (“Lincolnshire Chronicle,” August 28th, 1849). - - - -GOULCEBY. - - -Goulceby lies in a northerly direction, about 7 miles from Horncastle, -some two miles further on than Scamblesby, and barely a mile west of -Asterby, to which parish it is now ecclesiastically annexed; the joint -value of the two benefices, the former a vicarage and the latter a -rectory, being about £380 a year, now held by the Rev. J. Graham, J.P., -who resides at Asterby. Goulceby was probably, in Saxon times, the more -important of the two places, since it was one of the 222 parishes in the -county (according to Sir Henry Ellis) which possessed a church before the -Norman Conquest, and one of the 131 which had a resident priest. - -Letters arrive _via_ Lincoln at 10 am., and are despatched at 3.55 p.m. -The nearest money order office is at Scamblesby, the nearest telegraph -office at Baumber; but, by arrangement, telegrams can be sent from the -Donington-on-Bain station, on the Lincoln and Louth railway, which is -distant about 2 miles. - -The village lies in a valley which is watered by a branch of the river -Bain. The patronage of the benefice has been in various hands. In -pre-reformation times it belonged to the Preceptory of the Knights -Templars at Willoughton; in 1605 it was held by Christopher Pickering -(“Liber Regis”), later by a Mr. Hatley (Ecton’s “Thesaurus”); then by the -Listers of Burwell Park, who presented as late as 1837; from whom the -patronage, with the manor, was acquired by the Bagnell family; whose -representative now presents to the united benefice, alternately with the -Traffords, as Lords of the Manor of Asterby. At what period the original -church perished does not appear to be recorded; but, according to Weir -(“History of Lincolnshire,” ed. 1828) there was in 1821 only a small -modern church, dedicated to all Saints. This fell into decay, and in -1855 was succeeded by a small brick and stone structure; which, in turn, -has more recently been taken down; and the church at Asterby now serves -for the two parishes. - -Historic references to this parish are “few and far between,” yet by -bringing them together, with a moderate degree of assumption from given -premises, we can make out a fairly connected catena of its ownership. -The name itself can hardly be said to give a certain sound. It has been -variously spelt, as Golsby, Goldesby, Gouthesby, Golksby, Colceby, and, -in Domesday Book, Colchesbi. We can only conjecture that it may have -been the “Buy,” _i.e._, Byre, or farmstead of a Saxon Thane, named Col, -Kol, or Golk, the two former being common as contractions of Colswen, or -Colegrim, and not uncommon in the neighbourhood. {58} - -According to Domesday Book, this, like many other parishes in the -neighbourhood, was among the possessions of the Norman noble, Ivo -Taillebois, acquired through his marriage with the Lady Lucia, the -wealthy Saxon heiress of the Thorolds, and connected with the Royal line -of King Harold. He (or she), had here 3 carucates of land (or 360 -acres), rateable to gelt; with 16 socmen and 2 villeins, occupying 6 -carucates (or 720 acres); a mill worth 4s. yearly; a church and priest, -and 120 acres of meadow. As I mention in notices of other parishes -(Bolingbroke, Scamblesby &c.), the tenure of these demesnes was not of -long duration, and in a few years they were dispersed among the -descendants of the Saxon heiress. Goulceby would seem to have become an -appurtenance, with Belchford, Donington and several others, of the -superior manor of Burwell. It would thus be granted, originally, by -Henry I. to the Norman family of De la Haye, one of whom, in the 13th -century, founded the Benedictine Alien Priory of Burwell, as a dependency -of the Abbey of S. Mary Silvæ Majoris, near Bourdeaux, and endowed it -with some of his own demesnes. This family held these possessions for -150 years. The last of them, John De la Haye, in the reign of Edward I., -having enfeoffed Philip de Kyme of the same, continued for the remainder -of his life to hold the lands, under the said Philip, by the peculiar -(nominal) “service of _one rose_.” (Chancery Inquis., post mortem, 21, -Edward I., No. 33). For some years the Kymes held the property, being -called to Parliament as Barons, and doing other service for their -sovereigns; until in 12 Edward III. (Dugdale’s “Baronage,” i., 621) -William of that name died without issue; and his widow married as her -second husband, Nicholas de Cantelupe (whose ancestors had been Earls of -Abergavenny), who thus succeeded to these demesnes. He dying also -without issue, on the subsequent death of his widow, the property -reverted to Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus, who had been enfeoffed -of it by his uncle, the above William. Gilbert, again, died without -issue, and his widow married Henry Percy, created at the coronation of -Richard II., the 1st Earl of Northumberland, who thus in turn acquired -the property. He, however, rebelled against Henry IV. (Camden’s -“Britannia,” p. 547); and on his attainder that sovereign granted the -manors to his son John, afterward. Duke of Bedford (Patent Rolls, 6, H. -iv., p. 2., m. 16s) He dying without issue, the property reverted to the -crown, and Henry VI. granted it to Ralph, Lord Treasurer Cromwell. -(Patent Roll 18, H. vi., pt. 2, m. 19). - -Before this period, however, the Cromwells were connected with Goulceby, -since it is shewn, by an Inquisition in the reign of Henry V. (post -mortem, No. 72, A.D. 1419), that Matilda, the wife of Sir Ralph Cromwell, -Knight, held lands in Roughton, Wodehall, Langton, Golseby, Belcheford, -Donington, etc., {59} and that Sir Ralph Cromwell her son was the next -heir. When the Lord Treasurer founded at Tattershall, the College of the -Holy Trinity, on the 17th Henry VI. (1439), he endowed it with portions -of many of these manors, as had also been done in the case of Burwell -Priory, centuries before; Goulceby doubtless being one of them. On the -dissolution of Religious Houses by Henry VIII. a great number of the -lands connected with them in this neighbourhood were bestowed by that -sovereign on Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, among these being -Goulceby, Belchford, ffulletsbye, etc. {60a} He died 24 August, 1545, -leaving two sons, Henry and Charles, by his wife Catherine, daughter and -heiress of William Lord Willoughby de Eresby. They, while at St. John’s -College, Cambridge, died of the epidemic, called “the sweating sickness,” -16 July, 1551 (Cooper’s “Athenæ Cantabridgenses,” i., 105); whereupon the -descendants of the daughters of their great grandfather, Sir William -Brandon, were declared the rightful heirs. One of these, Eleanor, had -married John Glemham, of Glemham Parva, Suffolk, and their great grandson -succeeded Thomas Glemham, Burwell, and a considerable portion of these -demesnes. {60b} He died about the 14 year of Queen Elizabeth, and was -succeeded by his son Henry, afterwards Sir Henry Glemham, Knight, who -married Lady Anne Sackville, daughter of the Earl of Dorset. {60c} He -settled upon his wife, Burwell, with appurtenances; and documents -connected with the Lister family (subsequently owners of Burwell, etc.), -now in the possession of Porter Wilson, Esq., shew that, in 1602, the -farm rents included those from “Goulsby, Belchforde, Donington super -bayne,” etc. We now proceed a step further to another change of -ownership:—In 1641, Sir Thomas Glemham, of Burwell, was a strong -supporter of Charles I., being Colonel of the King’s 4th Regiment, and -successively, Governor of York, Carlisle, and Oxford. {60d} He, probably -in order to raise funds for his royal master, sold for £15,000, the -Burwell estate and its many appurtenances, to Sir Matthew Lister, Knight, -of St. Martin in the Fields, co. Middlesex, and Martin Lister, of Thorpe -Arnold, co. Leicester, his brother. It is somewhat curious that in the -list of manors, which then changed hands, although Belchford, Oxcombe, -ffaireforth (_i.e._ Farforth), and Walmesgate, all in the near -neighbourhood of Goulceby, are named, no mention is made of Goulceby -itself, yet down to as recently as 1863 the patronage of the benefice was -vested in them (Morris’s “Gazetteer,” 1863). It appears, however, from a -deed of settlement, dated 10 Jan. 1656–7 (or about 15 years after the -sale), that Sir Martin Lister, of Thorpe Arnold, was possessed of -Belchford, Colceby, &c.; and after his death, his children were to divide -his property, and the trustees were “empowered to sell, if necessary, -Belchford, Colceby,” &c. It is possible that by this “Colceby,” Calceby -may be intended, which was annexed to Driby and Ormsby; but it certainly -looks as if Goulceby formed a part of the share of the property -originally bought by Sir Matthew Lister’s brother Martin. The Listers -continued to be owners of Burwell, doubtless at different periods parting -with various of the subsidiary “appurtenances” down to a few years ago; -intermarrying with the Dymokes, Alingtons, Gregorys of Harlaxton, Lord -Deloraine, members of the families of Sir Robt. Barkham, Knollys, Sir -Edward Boughton, and forming other good connections. Only in 1883, was -the property finally parted with by the late Matthew Henry Lister, eldest -son of Matthew Bancroft Lister, High Sheriff in 1800, to the present -owner, William Hornsby, Esq., High Sheriff in 1898. We may add that -Matthew Bancroft Lister claimed descent from Philip of Kyme; whose -family, we have seen, were owners of Goulceby, in the reign of Edward I., -and in 1840 he petitioned the Queen for a revival in his person of the -Barony of Kyme; but that dignity still remains in abeyance. Of the -Matthew Lister who married Eleanor, daughter of the Hon. Sir Charles -Dymoke, Knight, champion of James II. (Circa 1683), it is recorded that -he had a son “Martin, baptized 1 October, buried in woollen 30 Nov., -1693.” {61} For these particulars as to the ownership of Goulceby in the -past, I am largely indebted to a paper in the “Architectural Society’s -Journal” for 1897, by Mr. R. W. Goulding, entitled “Notes on the Lords of -the Manor of Burwell.” - -The present owners of Goulceby are Colonel Bagnell, Lord of the Manor, -Earl Manvers, Thomas Falkner Alison, and various small proprietors. - -The following particulars of the Listers are worthy of mention.—Sir -Matthew Lister, M.D., was fellow of Oriel College, Oxford; Physician to -Queen Anne, Consort of James I.; and Physician in Ordinary to Charles I., -by whom he was knighted in 1636 (Woods’ “Fasti Oxon.,” 3rd ed., 1815, i., -307–8), he died at the age of 92. The entry of his burial is as follows, -“Matthew Lyster, Kt. & cheefe lord of Burwell, &c., was buried December -the 19th, 1657.” Among the bequests in his will, dated 18th August, -1656, are the following:—To his wife all his household stuff . . ., all -“the jewells she usually weareth, and hath in her custodie”; also his -“coach and coach-horses, if he should have any at his death.” “Item, I -give to be divided between her and my neece, Sir Martin Lister’s wife, -all that poure remnant of Plate which is left me since these troubles.” -To his “son in law George Banfield, and to his sister, the Ladie Cobham, -£10 for a remembrance.” To his “servant John Mitchele, £50 . . ., and if -he bee with me at my death all my wearing apparel, except one _fringed -sattin gown lyned with furre called ffitches_ (_i.e._, Marten skins), -which I desire my wife may have.” We may assume that this was some -official, or court, robe worn by Sir Matthew on occasions of ceremony. -He was President of the London College of Physicians, and even in our own -day, members of a College wear the “gowns” of their degree or office. - -Another member of the family, Martin Lister, M.D., F.R.S., was one of -Queen Anne’s Physicians, an eminent zoologist, and author of books on -various branches of Natural History. His most important work was his -“Historia sive, synopsis Methodica Conchyliorum.” Various plants and -animals have been named after him. - -Two or three other documents connected with Goulceby, may be here briefly -referred to:— - -By a Final Concord, dated 20 June, 1202, an agreement was made between -Holda, daughter of Geoffrey, on the one hand, and certain Monks of -Minting Priory, who were tenants of an oxgang of land in Goutheby, by -which she surrendered all claim to the land, in favour of the Monks and -their successors for ever. In return for which the Monks gave her one -mark. - -On July 28, 1231, an agreement was made between the Master of the Knights -Templars in England, and William Moysaunt and Amice his wife, by which -the said William and Amice acknowledged a certain meadow in Golkesby to -be the right of the said Master “to have and to hold, to him and his -successors, in free, pure, and perpetual alms”; and for this the said -Master gave them 2s. - -By will, dated 30 May, 1617, Adam Henneage of Donynton Super Bane, Gent, -left to Frances his wife “all my messuage in Goulcebie, wherein John -Clarke now dwelleth”; and to his “sonne James his copyhold land in -Goulcebie, in tenure of Peter Pindar and John Tomson.” Proved at -Horncastle, 28 June, 1617. By will, dated 23 July, 1623, Thomas Kent, of -Scamblesby, Clerk, left “to the poor people of the parish of Goulceby, -20s.,” with similar bequests to the poor of Donington and Scamblesby. -Proved at Lincoln, 15 Nov., 1623. - -The will of Timothy Kent, of Donington, Clerk, dated 13 Feb., 1623–4, -mentions lands in Goulceby and Asterby, and leaves bequests to various -relations and servants, and to the Cathedral Church, Lincoln, 2s., and to -the poor of Donington, 20s. Proved at Lincoln, 28 May, 1624. Elias -Kent, of Scamblesby, Gent., by will, dated 13 Feb., 1625, leaves various -bequests to relatives and friends, and “to the poorest people of Goulceby -10s., to those of Donington 10s., to those Scamblesby 40s.” Proved at -Lincoln, 20 Dec., 1628. (“Lincs. N. & Q.,” Vol. III., pp. 205–207). - -The poor of Goulceby have an annual rent charge of £2 10s., left by -Anthony Acham, which is distributed in bread. He also in 1638 founded, -and endowed with £10 yearly, a school here; which was re-built in 1865, -with accommodation for 130 children; the original endowment is now -supplemented from other sources, and the school serves for the parishes -of Goulceby, Asterby, and Stenigot. - - - -GREETHAM. - - -Greetham is distant about 3½ miles from Horncastle, in an easterly -direction, lying just beyond the parish of High Toynton, south of -Fulletby, west of Ashby Puerorum and north of Winceby. The village is -chiefly situated on a cross-road running north and south (and probably -Roman) which unites the road from Horncastle to Tetford with that from -Horncastle to Hagworthingham and Spilsby. The nearest money order and -telegraph office is at Horncastle, whence the letters arrive at 9.20. -a.m. The population of this village is now just over 130; but, as Isaac -Taylor says (“Words and Places,” p. 1), “local names are records of the -past,” and Greetham, as its name implies, was at one time a place of -considerably more importance than at present. The Saxons named it -Greetham, or the great village; which, as Mr. Streatfeild suggests -(“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” p. 18), the Normans translated into -“Grandham,” or “Granham,” as we find it in the Conqueror’s survey in -Domesday Book; and which was sometimes further curtailed into “Graham,” -as we find a field in High Toynton described as the “24 acres towards -Graham.” (Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 9, Henry III., No. 52, A.D. 1224–25, -quoted “Linc. N. & Q,” vol. iii., pp. 245–6). And not only was Greetham -(or Grandham) held in demesne, _i.e._, as a manor, but, like the -neighbouring Bolingbroke, being connected with Royalty, it became also -designated an “Honour.” - -In a Chancery Inquisition post mortem (21 Henry VII., No. 122) taken -after the death of Henry Dawson, it is stated that “4 messuages, &c., in -Tetney are held of the Lord the King, as of his Honour of Bullingbroke”; -and in almost similar terms, in a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, of -the same King, No. 124, taken after the death of William Quadring, Esq., -it is stated that he “held a messuage in Irby, of the Lord the King, as -of his Manor of Greetham, parcel of his Duchy of Lancaster.” In Domesday -Book it is stated that certain lands in the Manor of Bilsby, near Alford, -are “held of the Manor of Grandham”; Greetham apparently not in either of -these cases being regarded as an Honour. But in an Inquisition post -mortem, of John Asfordby, A.D. 1499, it is stated that the manor of this -same Bilsby, with Westhalgarth, is “held of the Lord the King, as of the -Honour of Greetham.” But, even as early as Domesday (1080), lands are -enumerated as belonging to “Grandham,” lying in Langtune (by Spilsby), -Hacberdineham (Hagworthingham), Salmundby, Tedforde, Brinkhill, Wingsby, -and Clachesby Pluckacre, in all amounting to 33 carucates, or close upon -4,000 acres (3960). And, to shew the wealth of the manor at that date, -compared with some others in the neighbourhood, while Scrivelsby is given -in Domesday as of the value of £14, and Horncastle at £44, Bolingbroke is -put at £40, but Greetham at £60, and it is further tallaged, _i.e._, -taxed at £70. It was the “caput Honoris,” or head, of the Lincolnshire -Barony of Hugh de Abrincis, or Avranches, the Conqueror’s nephew, -surnamed Lupus, or The Wolf, from his many deeds of violence. He was -Earl of Chester, having the whole of Cheshire assigned to him, except a -small portion belonging to the Bishop; and his royal uncle further -granted to him, nine manors in Berkshire, seven in Yorkshire, ten in -Dorset, thirty-two in Suffolk, and twelve in Norfolk, twenty-two in -Leicester, and about a score in Lincolnshire, besides smaller numbers in -other counties, and sokes and berewicks beyond counting. Earl Lupus in -his later years, attempted to atone for the irregularities of his early -life, by becoming monk in his own Abbey of St. Werburg, at Chester. -Later, the estates which he held, reverted to the crown, and were, in -part, granted to the Earl of Lincoln, who was created Duke of Lancaster. -His daughter and heiress, married the 4th son of King Edwd. III., who -also, through his wife, became Duke of Lancaster, and was father of Henry -of Bolinbroke, afterwards Henry IV. After various vicissitudes, the -Honour and much of the very extensive soke of Bolingbroke, became merged -in the Crown; and, in part, still remains the property of the Sovereign, -the King having among his titles still the Palatine Dukedom of Lancaster. -The fortunes of Greetham were more varied. It is impossible, from the -sources of information available for these notes to give all the -successive steps in the tenure of this manor, and of its numerous and -valuable appurtenances; or to give the connection, if any, between -successive owners. Fixity of tenure was by no means a feature of those -times, the power of the Sovereign was almost absolute, and demesnes were -seized by him, forfeited, retained, granted anew, or disposed of for -money, according to the royal caprice, or the exigencies of his purse, in -a most arbitrary fashion. To show the precarious nature of tenures held -“in capite,” or “in chief” from the Sovereign, we will mention one or two -cases, taken haphazard:—Edmund of Woodstock, 2nd son of Edwd. I., was -beheaded by Edward III., in the 4th year of his reign. He had been -granted the manor of Greetham only 3 years before (Dugdale’s “Baronage,” -vol. ii., p. 93). At a previous period, Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, -died seised of the manor of Greetham. In the ordinary course of events, -the manor would have remained a possession of his daughter, Alice, -countess of Lincoln. Yet a Lancaster Record (class xxv. R. 8), shows -that Alice granted the manor to Hugh Dispenser, 16 Ed. II., and, he being -a favourite of that King, we can hardly doubt that the grant was a forced -one. The historian Speed informs us that, the Earl of Lancaster being -attainted, the elder Dispenser obtained a grant of some of the Lancaster -property in Lincolnshire. But in 1327, the younger Dispenser, the Hugh -above-named, the favourite of the King (Edward II.), fell into disfavour, -and a commission was appointed to enquire what goods and chattels he -possessed at the time of his banishment, in his manors of Greetham, -Thorley, Wainfleet and Brattleby. He also held at that time, as shown by -other records, lands in Thornton, Roughton, Wilksby, Wood Enderby, -Partney, Mareham-le-Fen, &c., and a manor in Scrivelsby. But he, in his -turn being banished, the attainder of the Earl of Lancaster was revoked, -and the property once more reverted to the Lancaster family, in the -person of his brother and successor, Henry of Lancaster. - -Truly the history of many a noble family of those times was a moving and -vivid commentary on the words of Holy Writ, “Put not your confidence in -Princes!” - -In a list of military tenures (temp. Henry II.), while Norman d’Arcy, the -Earl of Britanny, Alan de Percy, Stephen of Albemarle, and several -others, are named as holding various of the manors in the neighbourhood, -the Duke of Lancaster is given as “Lord” of Greetham, Winceby and -Hameringham (“Old Lincolnshire,” by G. H. Burton, 1885, vol. i. pp. -214–215). These, as we have seen, had been very extensively added to, -and further additions are named in various records, some of which we will -here give, as they show the importance of Greetham. We should, however, -observe that because a great Baron held the manor of a demesne, it did -not at all follow that he owned the whole parish. This applies to -Greetham, as follows:—In an Assize Roll, at Lincoln, of 9 Edward I. (A.D. -1280), a certain Robert de Kyrketon, and his wife Beatrix, demand (and -their claim is admitted), certain rents of lands in “Askeby next Gretham -(_i.e._, Ashby Puerorum), Stavenesby (_i.e._, Stainsby), Bag-endreby and -Little Gretham,” at a time when the Earl of Lancaster was lord of the -manor. An Inquisition of the Earls of Kent (2nd son of Edwd. I., -beheaded. 4 Edward III. and at that time, as we have already stated, -holding the manor of Greetham), shows that lands in Huttoft, -Theddlethorpe, Wainfleet and Thoresby, as well as in Bratoft and -Mablethorpe (the two latter also given in Domesday), were held under the -manor of Greetham in addition to those already named in the more -immediate neighbourhood, of Bratoft and Mablethorpe, appurtenances of -Greetham at the time of Domesday (1080) and continued to be so as late as -1552 (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. iv. p. 122). - -We will now look at the evidence of Greetham being an “Honour” as well as -a manor. The two properties of Bolingbroke and Greetham, eventually, -after various changes, passed under the same ownership; both forming -parts of the Duchy of Lancaster. The Honour of Bolingbroke, was also -called the Honour of Richmond, from the Earl and Countess of that name, -the parents of the future Henry IV. of England, the only Sovereign of -England born in Lincolnshire. The manor of Greetham is sometimes called -the “Honour of Lancaster,” _par excellence_, but it is quite clear that -Greetham is then intended, and though united, even under one common -management, they were legally regarded and treated as distinct “Honours.” -In a bailiff’s account of Rents of Assize, and of Court Perquisites (now -in the possession of John Sykes, Esq., F.S.A., of Doncaster, quoted -“Linc. N. & Q.” iii. p. 82), it is specified, that beside the Bolingbroke -Rents, there “is nothing, because the others are given in the accounts of -the Honour of Lancaster,” _i.e._ of Greetham; and the same distinction is -observed in the “Perquisites of Courts,” where we find, “13s. 6d. from -two views and Courts of the Honour of Bolingbroke, and one view and Court -of Honour of Lancaster” (Greetham). Although the two accounts were thus -kept distinct, the Court Rolls of the year (10 Richard II), show that the -Court of both Honours were at that time “holden together by order of -Thomas Hungerforde, Knight, Chief Steward.” In the earlier of these -Records, Greetham was necessarily described merely as a manor, because it -was not yet connected with royalty, and therefore was not then an Honour. -But in later documents it is frequently referred to as such; for -instance, in a Chancery Inquisition post mortem taken at Alford, 22 July -A.D. 1506 (21 Henry VII. No. 121), we find it stated that “Thomas Rygge -Gentylman, held certain lands, with their appurtenances, in Westyrkele -and Langton, of the lord the King, of his Honour of Greteham” (“Journal -of Architect. Society,” 1895, pp. 42–3). It is further stated that “John -Afforby held the manor of Bilsby, of the Lord the King, as of the Honor -of Gretham, of his Duchy of Lancaster” (quoted “Lincs. N. & Q.” iv. p. -108). - -Besides the places already named as belonging to the demesne, or soke, of -Greetham, I find “Lecheburne” (_i.e._ Legbourne), Swaby, Elgelo (_i.e._, -Belleau), Claythorpe, Totele (_i.e._, Tothill), Withern, Haugh, Calceby, -Dalby, Dexthorpe, and many more. - -Enough has, however, been said to shew the extent of the soke, or -jurisdiction, of the lords of Greetham, and its rank as an “Honour” -connected at different periods with royalty. - -Its subsequent history, down to the present century, is almost a blank. -The Manor, although still, in our Directories (see Weir, Kelly, etc.), -styled “a parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster,” has dwindled much in -importance; and the inhabitants are apparently becoming fewer. In 1821 -they numbered 148, in 1843 they were 152, in 1883 they were 147, in 1891 -they had dropped to 131. The total acreage is 1250. A few stray -notices, connected with by-gone Greetham, are the following:—In Gibbon’s -“Early Lincoln Wills” (p. 67), Richard de Ravenser, Archdeacon of -Lincoln, by Will, dated “15 May, 1385,” bequeaths a legacy to Walter de -Gretham. Who the latter was, we have no means of learning. The -Ravensers were of a good family. In Maddison’s “Wills of Lincolnshire” -(1500–1600), p. 26, No. 68, we find that Richard Newcomen, of Nether -Toynton, by will, dated “3 Sep., 1540, left xx pence to the poor of -Greetham.” The Newcomens were among our oldest families, originally -seated at Saltfleetby, where their names appear in the registers, for -many generations. One of them, John Newcomen, “of Sallaby,” was involved -in the Lincolnshire Rebellion of 1536, along with Monsons, Massingberds, -Heneages, Maddisons, and many other members of leading families. This -Richard, above-named, settled at Low Toynton early in the 16th century, -and his grandson Samuel, “of Nether Toynton,” married Frances, daughter -of Thomas Massingberd, of Bratoft Hall, Esq., M.P. Several of them are -mentioned in the Herald’s “Lists of Gentry” in 1634 and 1666, as residing -at Hagnaby, Withern, Bag Enderby, &c. They have now disappeared from -Saltfleetby and “their place knoweth them no more.” Their pedigree is -given in the “Architectural Society’s Journal” for 1897. Another old -record (from the same source) is “John Dighton of Minting, by Will dated -17 December, 1606, leaves to Thomas Page of Greetham vj £.” Who Thomas -Page was is unknown; but the Dightons were a well known family, of -mercantile origin at Lincoln; the founder having served as Mayor and -Sheriff; one of them, Thomas resided at Waddingworth, another at Minting; -the chief member, Robert, owned and occupied the Hall at Stourton Magna, -of which traces still remain in mounds and moats. He also was involved -in the Lincolnshire rebellion. A daughter of Dighton of Stourton married -Edward Clinton, Esq., of Baumber, who afterwards became Earl of Lincoln, -and his descendants Dukes of Newcastle, whose burial place, for some -generations, was at Baumber. “The fashion of the world changeth” the -Dightons are gone, the Clintons, renovated in blood, remain. - -A tradition remains to this day, that Thomas Wentworth, Earl of -Stratford, in the reign of Charles I., and one of his Sovereign’s most -faithful adherents, owned the manor of Greetham. I cannot find any -positive proof of this; but it seems not at all unlikely, since a lease -dated 14 Nov., 1685, was granted to Sir William Wentworth, Knight, of -Ashby Puerorum, who was a son of Sir William Wentworth, who fell at -Marston Moor, fighting for Charles I; and from him descended the first -Earl of Stafford, of the second creation. {69} It is proved by the award -that Thomas, Earl of Stafford was Lord of the Manor in 1785. - -We pass on to the present century. About the year 1830, John Fardell, -Esq., of Lincoln (who represented that City in Parliament for a brief -period, being unseated on petition) became owner, by purchase, of the -Manor of Greetham, the rest of the parish, except the Rectory farm of 48 -acres, being purchased by the late Mr. Robert Dennis, who built in 1830, -a commodious residence, Greetham House, where his two daughters now -reside. The manor, and about half the parish, was sold by the Fardell -Trustees to F. Wormall, Esq., whose present representative is his -grand-daughter, Lady Garden of Templemore Abbey, co. Tipperary; whose -father was Colonel Valentine Baker, one of a family distinguished as -sportsmen, travellers, and soldiers. We have said that the road, or -street, on which the village houses cluster, was probably originally -Roman; and some years ago, the neck of a Roman urn was found near it. -Along this road, to the North is a quarry in which many ammonites and -other fossils are found, in the gravel lying above the white clay. The -age of “Praise God Barebones” and his Puritanical allies, has long since -passed away; but something of the Puritan Spirit seems to survive in the -names of the villagers, given in the registers, which date from 1653. My -informant had herself known, within recent years, the names Mordecai, -Naomi, Keziah, Solomon, and Bridget shortened into Briggy. There are -also some curious field names. A boggy field is called the “Waddles”; a -similar field in the almost adjoining parish of Salmonby is called -“Wallows,” both probably referring to a slough of mire, and the awkward -ducklike gait involved in traversing it. A grass field is named -“Thunker,” as locally pronounced, which may embody the Norse Thing-garth, -or Council enclosure of the great hamlet. Another meadow is named -“Kirtle,” probably the Kirk-dale; while two fields, one ploughed and the -other meadow, are called “the Gousles,” which Mr. Streatfeild -(“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” p. 174.) considers to mean the first -slopes of the Wolds. “Gaut,” or “gout” (go-out) means an outlet from a -drain; and throughout the whole range of the Wolds, there are numerous -springs, issuing from their base, not uncommonly possessing medicinal -properties. Greetham is situated on the first spur or projection, of the -Wolds in this locality, and these gousles may have been the goutsleys, or -meadows, in which were the sources of local springs. - -N.B.—In East Kirkby, at the foot of the Wolds, is a field named -Goutscroft. - -There is also a field, named “Cross Close,” from which the poor receive a -yearly dole of 10s., bequeathed by Elizabeth Somersby, in 1733. Here is -a name which would seem to embody ancient history. We can picture to -ourselves, the Saxon “rude forefathers of the (great) hamlet,” gathered -round that sacred symbol, the village cross, before a church existed, to -listen to the itinerant man of God, awakening in their hearts a simple -faith in a welcome Saviour. These fields all, or most, of them lie in -the western part of the parish, the property of the Misses Dennis. - -Of the Church, dedicated to All Saints, little can be said. It is a poor -fabric, of Spilsby sandstone, with square wood-framed windows, one in -each side and end. A “three-decker” pulpit, reading desk, and clerk’s -seat, square pews, a west singing gallery, a very meagre rood screen of -apparently modern poor carving, all painted wainscot colour. The roof a -flat, white-washed ceiling inside, is covered externally over the nave -with lead, which, from the decay of the supporting timbers is now almost -flat, and probably not in a very safe condition. The chancel roof is -slated and pointed. The font is plain octagonal, with octagonal shaft, -and square basin, within the bowl being a pewter christening basin, with -date “1821.” The single bell hangs in a shabby bell turret, surmounted -by a cross. A slab records the death of a former Rector, the Rev. Thomas -Jesset, in 1837. The inscriptions on the grave-stones in the churchyard -would imply that the inhabitants are long-lived, and the place healthy, -as it should be, from its elevated and well-drained position. The Rector -has a good residence, built in 1852. - -ADDENDUM.—The above remarks on the Church were written in the year 1900. -We have much pleasure in adding, in the year 1903, that the present -Rector, the Rev. T. Hoole, has succeeded in effecting a thorough -restoration of the old fabric, at a cost of about £1,650, towards which -sum, the Misses Dennis, of Greetham House, contributed £500 each. The -Architect was Mr. Hodgson Fowler, of Durham; the contractors for the work -were Messrs. Bowman & Co., of Stamford. The only features of interest in -the former mean structure were a 13th century cross, and doorway, and the -south respond of the chancel arch. The restored fabric has been -constructed in harmony with this respond. It is throughout of a simple, -but effective, late 15th century design. The chancel, vestry, -bell-turret, and porch are new, and the screen has been restored; the -nave has new windows, a well-repaired roof, and new flooring, all the -internal fittings being of oak. - -In the course of the work, other features of interest were discovered, -namely, the responds of a south aisle, a north door, and a Norman -entrance into a former tower. All these were effectively utilised by the -architect, with his accustomed skill, and now the Church, though small, -is large enough for the parish, and a worthy edifice for divine worship, -a result which must be gratifying to all concerned. - - - -HAGWORTHINGHAM. - - -Hagworthingham is a considerable village, at a distance of 6 miles east -of Horncastle, and 4½ north-west of Spilsby, on the road from Horncastle, -_via_ High Toynton and Greetham, to Partney. Letters _via_ Spilsby, -arrive about 9 a.m. It has its own Post Office, Money Order Office, and -Savings Bank; the nearest telegraph office being at Spilsby. Of this -parish there are several notices in Domesday Book. It is described as -comprising six manors. These were owned, at the date of the Norman -Conquest, by Thanes named Sivert, Elric, Swen, Swave, Holinchetel, and -Adestan. The Conqueror apparently removed all these original -proprietors, to provide for his own followers. Few places shew to a -greater degree than this parish the insecurity of tenure which marked -those times of trouble, transition, and lawlessness, when might was -right. The survey of the country, made by order of the Conqueror, in -Lincolnshire in 1085, was called by the Saxons “Domesday Book,” because -it recorded their “doom,” or their almost universal expropriation from -their rights, in favour of the Normans, who flocked into the country with -William. But the “doom” was not confined to the Saxon. The Norman -intruder, in many cases, found his possessions even less secure than had -been that of those whom he superseded, and the Norman Lords of these -demesnes succeeded each other with such rapidity, that, at this distance -of time, it is beyond our power to trace their connection, in every case, -with each other, or the causes of the changes. Doubtless, in many -instances, having acquired possession through violence to others, -violence again led to the confiscation of what they had acquired. The -first-named of these is Alan, Earl of Britanny, on whom the Conqueror had -conferred his daughter Constance in marriage. Famed for his valour and -martial spirit, he had held an important command at the Battle of -Hastings; and for his services the Conqueror conferred upon him, firstly, -all the lands in the North Riding of Yorkshire, forming the district -called Richmondshire, which had belonged to the powerful Saxon Earl -Edwin, who was now dispossessed. From this gift he derived the title of -Earl of Richmond, as well as of Britanny. Dugdale tells us that, -altogether he held, by grant from the Conqueror, 450 Manors, 101 of these -being in Lincolnshire. He seems however, in himself, to have been not -unworthy of so great a position; since, though so great a warrior, the -Chronicler, Ordericus Vitalis, states, that he was “ever studious for -peace, a great lover of the poor, an especial honourer of the religious”; -and that “his death, without issue created no little sorrow to all good -people.” Such was one of the first Norman Lords of Hagworthingham. He -was succeeded by his brother, also named Alan. His chief residence, -probably, being in Yorkshire, when not in attendance on the King, he was -represented at Hagworthingham, by his vassal, Eudo, who occupied his land -here, to the extent of 3 carucates (or 360 acres), with dependents, in -whose hands were 5 carucates (or 600 acres) more. Before proceeding to -speak of other Norman Lords connected with this place, let us notice the -name itself of the parish. It has 3 elements: “Haugh,” (says -Streatfeild, “Lincolnshire and the Danes”), “is low, meadow land, -bordering on a stream, and frequently overflowed”; a kindred form, “Hagi” -he says also means a meadow. {73} Anyone standing in the churchyard at -Hagworthingham will see below him westward, just such a low-lying meadow, -traversed by a beck. The second element in the name is “Worthing.” Here -we seem to have the Saxon “Weorthig,” which enters into many a place-name -as “Worth”; (compare Waddingworth, and Benniworth in the neighbourhood); -which is derived from the old Saxon “Warian,” to ward or protect. Hence -these two elements mean the warded, or fenced, meadow, and “Ham,” the -last element, also is Saxon, and means a place _hem_med in; but -especially the residence, the “home,” or the collection gathered round -the one house, now forming the “hamlet.” What could give a more speaking -description of the locality? It is the homestead, and afterwards the -residences of the villagers gathered round it, whose position was on the -higher ground, because they wished to be above the low-lying enclosed -meadow, liable to be flooded by the brook, which runs through it, when -swollen by the rain. Even in these days of drainage universal, the -fox-hunter, in crossing that grassy valley, may still find his steed -“boggled” in the slough of quagmire. In connection with this we may -mention, that even in modern times, this dampness has not been forgotten. - -In a note to Chap. ii. vol. i. of Smiles’ “Lives of Engineers,” it is -stated that, when Dr. Whalley was appointed to the Rectory of this -parish, it was with the singular proviso, that he should not reside in -it, as the air was fatal to any but a native (Letters and Correspondence -of T. S. Whalley, D.D.) - -Another Norman soldier, named in Domesday as having a grant of land in -Hagworthingham from the Conqueror was Drogo de Bevere. He was a Fleming -by birth, and for his services in the cause of the King had many -lordships given him in Lincolnshire and other counties. Among others, he -had the lordship of all Holderness, in which was Beverley, whence he had -the title of “Terrius de Bevere.” He was however of a very grasping and -overbearing disposition. Not content with the lordship of Holderness, he -wished further to seize lands given by the King to the Church of St. John -at Beverley. Camden says that, as a mark of royal favour, he received in -marriage the Conqueror’s niece; but that he got rid of her by poison; and -then fled the country to escape the punishment he deserved. He was -succeeded (his estates being probably confiscated) by Odo, Lord of -Albemarle, in Normandy (Camden “Britannia” p. 742, Ed. 1695.) - -To this Drogo was granted all the land in Hagworthingham, which at the -conquest had belonged to the Saxon Thane, Adestan, including “a hall, -with sac and soke” (or the right to hold a court of justice for the trial -of misdemeanours), with 8 villeins occupying considerable lands under -him, and a mill of the value of 18d. yearly. As his chief residence, -when not in attendance on the King, would probably be in Holderness, he -was here represented by one Robert, who was his vassal. - -Another name mentioned as having property in this parish, is Gozlin, son -of Lambert, of whom little is known. This was one of the 222 parishes in -the county which had a church before the Conquest; and Domesday Book -states that he had the church here, as well as a mill; but as it is added -that “the soke” (or jurisdiction) belonged to Gilbert de Gaunt, the -latter was evidently the superior lord. Gozlin had lands in 39 parishes -in Lincolnshire, besides those in other counties; but Gilbert de Gaunt -had 113 Manors in this county, besides 41 in other counties. - -It has been mentioned that, on the flight of Drogo de Bevere, after -poisoning the Conqueror’s niece, his estates were transferred to Odo, -Earl of Albemarle. {75} Accordingly we find the old record, Testa de -Nevill, p. 336. (_Circa_ 1213), stating, “the Earl of Albemarle” holds of -the King (land) in Hagworthingham, which Gilbert de Langton holds, as his -vassal. - -About the same time the same old record states that the Earl of Chester, -besides other neighbouring possessions, held land of the King in -Hagworthingham, which the same Gilbert de Langton held under him, as his -vassal. This Earl was the only son of Hugh d’Abrincis (or Avranches), -one of the most important among the followers of the Conqueror, who was -his uncle. William gave to him numerous manors in this and other -counties, and especially the earldom of Chester. He was surnamed Lupus, -or the Wolf, for his daring deeds. It was supposed that he was granted -the county of Chester, that he might restrain the incursions of the -neighbouring Welsh people, the stubborn descendants of the old Britons; -and this he did with a vengeance, for, in conjunction with Hugh -Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, he took the Isle of Anglesey from the -Welsh. Later in life, to make up for his tyrannous proceedings, he -became a monk of the Abbey of St. Werberg, of his own establishment in -Chester, and died there, in 1101. The Earl of Chester held in -Lincolnshire about a score of manors, besides more than that number in -Leicester, 32 in Suffolk, many in other counties, and the whole of -Cheshire. At this stage the successive, or contemporary Lords of these -manors become too complicated a tissue to unravel here. Some of the -manors became merged in the superior manor of Richmond or Bolingbroke; -some, in that of Greetham. The Earl of Chester enfeoffed before his -death, William de Hardyshall, of certain land in Hagworthingham, where -his descendant resided in the 14th century. A Gilbert de Langton held -land here as a vassal of Alan de Mumby; his son John, held the same lands -under a de Quincy. Hawise de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln in her own -right, had a daughter Margaret, who married John de Lacy, and the de -Lacies thus became Earls of Lincoln. At one period, members of two -different families were at the same time Earls of Lincoln. After a -succession of steps, John of Gaunt became Earl of Lincoln, and ultimately -Duke of Lancaster, and held many of these manors. - -Walter de Gant gave land in Hagworthingham to Bardney Abbey. The Abbot -of Bardney (“Placito de Warranto,” p. 409), claimed the right to have a -gallows in Hagworthingham, as well as in Edlington and other places. -Other owners were Laurence de Dikeby, who died 1270, Robert de Altomonte, -1274, William de Saxill, in 1280. Gilbert de Hagworthingham is named in -an Assize Roll (No. 478, John A.D. 1202), Walter de Hagworthingham and -his son Philip, are named in an Assize Roll, 5 Ed. III. 1331. In the -14th century the Cupledyke family had land in Hagworthingham, _viz._, -Roger de Cupledyke, who died 1324, and Alexander who died, 1335. In the -15 century, Thomas Blunt held a manor here, of the Duchy of Lancaster, -dying in 1468. {76} The great family of Welles, also connected with the -Dymokes, acquired lands here, which were forfeited after the battle of -Loose-coat field, when Sir Robert Welles was attainted and executed at -Doncaster, for espousing the Lancastrian cause, 1470. In the next -century the old county family of the Hansards held a manor here, by -Knight’s service, of the Honour of Bolingbroke. Sir William Hansard died -1520, leaving as his heir his granddaughter Elizabeth. Robert Marbury, -in 1545 died, seized of a third part of a manor in this parish, which he -left to his son William. Humphrey Littlebury, of East Kirkby, died Nov. -3rd, 1558, seized of a manor here, which was connected with the superior -manor of Herby (probably Hareby, and equivalent to the Honour of -Bolingbroke), which he held of the Queen (Elizabeth) by fealty. He also -held another manor here, of the Queen’s manor of Greenwich, which had -belonged to Bardney Abbey; the gift, as stated above, of Walter de Gaunt. - -John Littlebury, of Hagworthingham, Esq., by will, dated 20 June, 1535, -requests that he may be buried in the parish Church “before our Lady of -the Rood.” He seems to have been a man of large property, for he -bequeaths “to my wife £40, due to me from Mr. John Hercy; £4 of land in -Somersby, Tetford, Skegness and Orby, to bring up my children in their -nonage.” This she is to have for life; and then Somersby and Tetford are -to go to his son George and his heirs male; Skegness and Orby to his son -Peter and heirs male, and failing them, to his son Humphrey, and his -heirs. “My sheep gate called Thorpe in the Mires (I leave) to my wife -for her life, and then to my son Humphrey and Ursulay his wife, according -to the indenture between me and Mr. Hercy. To my three daughters, my -brother Humphrey Myssendyne 10s. a year for life, out of my copyhold held -of Lord Willoughby.” His wife is to have the “putting in of the priests -at Langton,” _i.e._, the presentation to the benefice for her life, and -after her death, the “first avoidence of one priest” is to go to his son -Humphrey, the other to his son Thomas. To his son Thomas his lands in -Kealcotes. To his wife he leaves “my copyholds held of Lord Willoughby; -and the farm of my son Langton, as long as the lease lasteth.” Also “if -my wife be in decay in her widowhood, I will that she give no peny to her -daughters, of the £40 that is appointed to every of them, and if they be -not rewled by her in their marriage they are to have nothing. Item. I -will all my children be contente with the lands which was assigned to me -by my brother, and the feoffe of my father’s purchased lands; and if -they, or any of them, be interrupted of the parts assygned to them by my -neve Thomas, or his heires, I wyll they restate their tytyll of Richmonde -fee, wych is the moyty of 360 akers, as it apperyth by a customar booke -remaynyng with my wyfe, and a crosse set at the hede of it by Sir John -Lyttlebury my grandfader’s fader. I appoint my brother John Eland -supervisior, and my wyfe ex’x.” Witnesses, William Langton Gent, Sir -Malmaduke Myssendyne and Sir Richard Cheles, of Ashby Puerorum. Various -other wills show that Thomas Littlebury had lands at Hagworthingham in -1589, that Humphrey, of East Kirkby, held land in Hagg in 1568, and that -Margaret Littlebury, of Stainsby, held land there in 1582. - -The will of John Gedney, of Bag Enderby, mentions his lands in Hagg in -1535. The Gedneys were an old family in this neighbourhood. In the -church at Bag Enderby, there is a stone mural monument, commemorating -Andrew Gedney and Dorothy his wife, with their two sons and two daughters -kneeling before prayer desks, date 1591. There is a slab of John Gedney -in the floor, date 1535. {78} Andrew Gedney married Dorothy, daughter of -Sir William Skipwith, of South Ormsby, in 1536. Within recent years -Arthur P. H. Gedney, a cousin of the writer, owned Candlesby Hall, near -here. - -The will of John Gannock, of Boston, shews that he also was a landowner -here, in 1583. - -In 1572, Francis Bountague, died seized of a manor in Hagworthingham, -which he held of the King, as of the manor of Greetham, of the Duchy of -Lancaster. - -John Littlebury, gent., of Hagworthingham, by will dated 27th March, -1594, bequeaths to Mr. William Wray, “the ring that it pleased my lady, -his mother, to give me.” The Lady Wray, would be the wife of Lord Chief -Justice Wray (temp. Elizabeth), whose residence was at Glentworth—he died -in 1592; they were an old Durham family. The fine house at Glentworth -continued to be the family residence of the Wrays, until Sir Cecil Wray, -Bart., erected “Summer Castle” at Fillingham, in 1760, so called from -Esther Summers, Lady Wray. Mr. John Littlebury also leaves to Sir George -St. Poll, “my half part of the hawks,” with bequests to other relatives. -Sir G. St. Poll or St. Paul, or Simpole, was a member of a good -Lincolnshire family, their chief residence being at Snarford. Mr. John -Saintpole was compulsively mixed up with the Lincolnshire Rising in 1536. -The grandson, George, was created a Baronet in 1611. They were connected -with the Hansards, already mentioned as having land in Hagworthingham. - -Yet one more will of a Littlebury concerns us. John Littleburye (28 Sep. -1611), requests to be buried in Hag church. He leaves to the poor 20s.; -to his son John, his land in Raithbye, for his life, and for his -“bringing up in learning.” £100 to his daughter Bridgett, “soe that shee -be ruled by mye wief her mother in marriage,” with £200 to be paid her -when married. “To my wief Anne the lease of Orbye from Mr Massingberd, -alsoe my stocke and cattle, with all my plate and furniture.” As the -children are young he confirms an indenture previously made with Richard -Gedney, and others, to act as trustees. - -Sir John Langton, of Langton, by will dated 25 Sep. 1616, also left to -the poor of Hagworthingham 10s., and like bequests to other places. - -(These particulars are taken from “Lincolnshire Wills,” by Canon -Maddison). - -Among “Final Concords,” there are agreements about lands in -Hagworthingham, under date 26 Oct. 1208, between Thomas de Winceby and -Gilbert and Osbert of Hag, under date 20 Jan. 1213–14, between Mary, the -wife of Hugh, son of Robert, Ernald de Dunham acting for her and Hugh de -Harrington, appertaining to her “reasonable dowery;” and under the same -date between the same Mary, and John de Bardney, as to land called -“Sigwardes Croft,” in “Hacworthingeham, which Mary surrenders to John de -Bardney and his heirs,” he for this giving her 2 marks. - -We have already mentioned that in the 14th century, Roger de Cupledyke -who died 1324, and Alexander, who died in 1335 had land in -Hagworthingham. We also find that John Copledyke of Harrington, by will -dated Palm Sunday, 1408, left to his sons lands in Hagworthingham, and -other places. - -In the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. a certain John Parker of this -place became somewhat notorious as a religious and political turncoat. -He made a public declaration “of the manner in which he had been drawn -from the service of God to become a Papist,” dated 12 December, 1580; but -in 1605, evidence was taken against him at Enderby, as to his making -certain seditious speeches, and he was pronounced to be a Recusant -(“Domestic State Papers” James I. vol. xv. “Architect. S. Journal” 1865 -p. 55). - -At the present day the only one of the old families of proprietors in -this parish is the Rev. Alan Cheales above named, descended from Sir -Richard Cheales who lived as far back as 1535. At the present time Earl -Manvers is Lord of the Manor; Sir Henry D. Ingelby, Bart., the trustees -of the late Rev. W. A. Bathurst, and the Wingate family are the principal -landowners, the larger portion belonging to Mr. Cheales. We now proceed -to the Church. It is beautifully situated on the slope of a steep hill -commanding a view along a deep valley to the west, of fertile soil varied -by copse and whin; and it is surrounded by a beautifully kept God’s acre. -The Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, consists of tower, nave, south -aisle and chancel. In the tower are 8 melodious bells. The Church was -carefully restored and largely rebuilt in 1859; but still retains several -of its original Early English features. The tower, of green sandstone, -being much decayed, had new belfry windows inserted, but still retains -its patched appearance by a mixture of brick: the green and red tints -blending harmoniously. Towards the west end of the north wall is one of -the old Early English pilaster buttresses; and at the east bay of the -same wall is an original low-side window. Within, the aisle arcade of -four bays is supported by circular-shafted pillars, having -rudely-designed caps; the arches above being not sufficiently massive to -correspond, and their junction clumsy. These low arches produce a sort -of “dim religious light.” The aisle itself is entirely new; as are also -the seats and fittings generally. The early English font has a plain -octagonal bowl, supported upon a central shaft, and unengaged subsidiary -shaftlets. The east windows are modern, but may be reproductions of the -old. That in the east end (of three lights) is filled with coloured -glass by Wailes, in memory of the Cheales family. There is a modern -brass on the north side of the chancel, commemorating the Rev. Henry -Cheales sometime Vicar of Burton Pedwardine, “and for sixty-six years a -landowner of this parish,” 1870. - -N.B.—The Parish Registers contain a large numbers of names of this -family. The earliest mention of them is in the Church Book Topographical -Collection of Sir Joseph Banks, 1786, where Hugh Cheales is given as one -of the Churchwardens, 25 Henry VIII. (1534). - -The window in the north wall is by Clayton and Bell, that in the south -wall by Powell. They commemorate the families of the late Rector the -Rev. F. Pickford, and his wife’s relatives, the Listers of Burwell Park; -one also being in memory of the late Prince Consort. “The whole effect,” -says the late Bishop Suffragan, Dr. E. Trollope, one of our greatest -authorities, “is most pleasing and appropriate.” Gervase Holles the -antiquarian says that, when he visited the Church (temp. Chas. I.) there -was in the Chancel this fragmentary inscription, “Hic jacet . . . -Redilston quondam Rector istius Ecclesiæ.” He says also, “on a -gravestone of blue marble in ye body of ye Church is pourtrayed in brasse -one in compleate armour, bearing upon ye manches of his coate of arms, on -either side, 2 crescents. Between his feet a right hand couped. The -rest is defaced.” (Harleian MSS., No. 6829.) The benefice was formerly -in the gift of the Bishop of Ely (see Ecton’s “Thesaurus” p. 188); the -patron is now the Bishop of Lincoln. - -In the Registers were formerly some curious entries of “Briefs,” or Royal -Letters, issued for various charitable objects, among 65 which were -publicly read in Church in the 14 years from 1653 to 1667, 24 were for -relief in cases of loss by fire; others were for various purposes; one -being “For the Church of Lithuania being under persecution” (1661). {82} - -Walter de Gaunt gave the manor, benefice, and six oxgangs of land, and “a -view of frankpledge” in this parish to Bardney Abbey (Dugdale’s -“Monasticon,” 1682, p. 143). - -In sinking a well in 1897, on the property of Mr. Cheales in this parish, -there were found at a depth of about 45ft. fragments of “Brinkhill gold” -and fossilized wood. The gold has also been found in the churchyard. It -is pronounced, chemically, to be a form of silicate of aluminia. Iron -pyrite is also found, abounding in small fossils. The rectory is now -held by the Rev. G. R. Ekins. The rectory house was built in 1841, a -very commodious residence, at a cost of about £2000, by the late Rector -the Rev. F. Pickford, the memory of whose family still remains in the -parish, and many miles round it, as “a sweet smelling savour.” - -There is a rent charge of £8 for the poor paid out of the estate, about -700 acres, of the Cheales family. - -The Rev. William Dales also in 1667 left land, the rent of which was for -the poor and the bell-ringers. - - - -HAMERINGHAM. - - -Hameringham is about 4 miles from Horncastle, in a south-east direction, -the road passing through Mareham-on-the-Hill. The marriage register -dates from 1744, those for burials and baptisms from 1777. Letters, -_via_ Horncastle, arrive at 10 a.m. - -We know little of the early history of this village; it is not named in -Domesday Book, but in a list of military tenures, of the reign of Henry -I. about A.D. 1108, the “Hundred of Hamringeheim” is mentioned, and -“Count Richard,” probably the Norman Earl of Chester, is said to hold -there eleven carucates and four oxgangs, or nearly 1400 acres, and -Gilbert Fitz Gocelin had four oxgangs, or about 60 acres (“Old -Lincolnshire,” vol. i. pp. 213, 214). - -In the year 1208 Henry, son of Geoffrey, granted to Ralph, Abbot of -Revesby, and his successors, an oxgang of land and a messuage in -Hameringham; the said Ralph giving to the said Henry 20s., in -consideration thereof. - -In the year 1529, Jane Sheffield, widow, of Croxby, in her will dated 7 -January, refers to a deed of feoffment, dated 4 June, 8 Henry VIII., -whereby Sir John Sheffield, Parson of Hameringham, and others are feoffed -of certain lands, for her life; Sir John Sheffield and Alexander Amcotts, -Gent., being supervisors. (“Lincolnshire Wills,” page 6, No. 14). - -In 1540 John Angevin of Ashby by Horncastle, by will, dated 10 Oct. makes -his wife Margaret, executrix, and confirms to her lands in Ashby and -Hameringham, to remain in her hands “unto suche tyme, as all suche goods -as I am bownden, and myne heyres, in covenants by indenture to Sir -Rycherde Warde, and to Sir Robert, be fully paid.” To which is added, in -a different hand, “I Robert Awngeven agreed to this wyll.” The Angevins -disappear in the 17th century; but one of the family held land in -Hameringham in the reign of Henry VIII. (“Lincolnshire Wills,” p. 28, No. -72). By will, dated 20 April, 1545, Robert Angevin, of Langton by -Horncastle, leaves his land in Hameringham to his son William. (Ibidem -p. 36, No. 96). {83} - -By will, dated 10 Sept. 1612, George Litilburie, of Somersby, leaves to -his nephew Jeffery Litelburie all his apparell, and lands in Winceby and -Hameringham. He wishes his armes to be “sette in the walle (of the -church) as my grandfather’s was at Ashby (Puerorum).” - -Among the Revesby charters is one, of date 1198, whereby Richard I. -grants and confirms to the monks of Revesby certain lands in Hameringham, -Enderby, and elsewhere (Dugdale v. 456). - -By a deed in the reign of Richard I., or John, William, son of Gaufrid, -clerk, of Hameringham, gives to the monks of Revesby 9 acres of arable -land in Hameringham, a meadow called “Baldvinegaire {84a} and pasture -near the 9 acres, and other lands; free of all service,” save that the -monks are to pay to the donor annually “two spurs of the cost of one -nummus,” at Michaelmas. - -By a deed early in the 13th century Symon, son of Hugo, of Dunsthorpe, -gives to the monks one toft in Hameringham, and 10 acres, and one selion -in a place called Thyrne, and 2 selions in Pesedalegate, {84b} free from -all claims. - -In the reign of Henry III. Juetta, daughter of Alan, of Hameringham, gave -to the Abbey of Revesby, 4 acres of arable land, for the purpose of -gate-alms. In the reign of Edwd. I. Robert Cressaunt of Tuluse gave his -rights and claims on lands in Tuluse, Hameringham, and elsewhere, to the -monks of Revesby, on condition that they pay to him and his heirs -annually 8_s._ Alicia the daughter of William, son of Alward of -Hameringham, in the same reign, gave a half toft for the Revesby almsbox; -with pasturage rights for 26 sheep and 4 cattle and 4 pigs in -Hameringham; the monks to pay to her 6_d._ annually. - -Sir Lionel Dymoke, by will, dated 15 Ap. 1512, bequeathed “for churche -walke in hameringham xxd. to John Sheffield parsone of hameringham, . . . -to pray for me, my wyf Anne, and my wyf Jane deceased, and for all -christen soules.” “Linc. N. & Q.” iv. p. 12. - -On the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII. that sovereign -granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, in consideration of his -“acceptable and long service,” “all manner of houses, messuages, &c.,” -along with the lands, hitherto belonging to the monastery of Revesby, -including property in Hameringham, and nearly 50 other parishes, to be -held of the crown, on payment of the fifth part of one soldier’s service, -and an annual payment of £28 to the Court of Augmentations every -Michaelmas, the duke’s title to date “from March 1, in the 29th year of -our reign (1538).” - -[These different documents are among the Revesby charters, printed by the -late Right Honble. E. Stanhope, M.P.] - -The benefice of Hameringham was formerly charged with a pension of 6s. to -the Prior of Bullington. In the early part of the 18th century, the -Chaplin family would seem to have been proprietors here, as Mr. Thomas -Chaplin presented to the benefice in 1712 and 1720. The manor now -belongs to the Coltman family, who are also patrons of the benefice; and -there are several smaller proprietors. - -Scrafield, which has now no church, is united to Hameringham. Some of -the communion plate is ancient, being Elizabethan, the rest is modern, -being presented by the late Rector, Rev. Joseph Coltman. - -Hameringham church, All Saints, stands appropriately on almost the -highest ground in the vicinity, so that the parishioners may look, and -wend, upward to it. It was restored by the present Rector, the Rev. -Brice Smith, in 1894, the architect being Mr. Hodgson Fowler. It now -consists of nave, chancel, and south aisle. It has, doubtless, gone -through vicissitudes at various periods, as is evidenced by remains and -records. In 1800 there was no chancel in existence. In 1820 a chancel -was built by the then Rector, the Rev. Joseph Coltman. There was at one -time a much larger edifice, of which the foundations were discovered by -the present Rector, in preparing for the restoration. The chancel arch -is Early English. The west window is modern, perpendicular in style. In -the north wall of the nave is one window, perpendicular, of three lights, -near the pulpit. The pulpit is of plain oak, with the old hour glass -frame still affixed to it, and containing an ancient hour glass, -recovered from a villager. These remnants of the days of long discourses -are now very rare. There is still one in the church at Cowden, near -Edenbridge, Kent. The arcade of the south aisle is of the 13th century, -renewed in the 14th century with Lincoln stone. It consists of three -bays, with two octagonal pillars having carved capitals; the eastern-most -support is a circular, single, small shaft, apparently Norman, with -carved capital, different from the others; where the moulding of the two -eastern arches meet, the corbel is a King’s head; these two arches are -considerably broader than the western one, which is pointed. This -western pillar is the original 13th century one. The south wall is of -the late 12th century, and the south porch arch is the original. In the -south wall are two windows east of the porch, and one west of it, each -having two lights, and a quatrefoil above, style perpendicular. There is -a piscina near the door. The roof of the restored nave is of modern -pitch pine. The chancel roof is considerably below the chancel arch. It -is apparently of wood, and has formerly been divided into panels. The -chancel is so long, that the communion table is placed 7 or 8 feet west -of the east wall, and the space behind, shut off by drapery, forms a -vestry. The east window, in perpendicular style, is of 3 lights, with -six smaller lights above, within the arch. The font is a very old and -interesting one, octagonal, on an octagonal shaft; the devices, -quatrefoils, &c., on the faces of the bowl are much mutilated, those on -the shaft are perpendicular mouldings on 5 sides, and on the three other -sides are grotesque figures, much mutilated, the centre one being winged, -and supposed to represent St. Michael. It stands on a plain oblong slab. -There is one good medieval bell, the other being the “Sanctus bell,” -re-cast in the Jubilee year 1887, as it had become cracked. The entire -church is built of Spilsby green sandstone, faced in the porch with red -Dumfries stone. - -The visitor to Hameringham from Horncastle, looking south and westward, -will see some beautifully wooded scenery, around Scrivelsby Park, -Haltham, and beyond towards Revesby, Tattershall, &c. the view extending -even beyond the Fens; with the spires of Heckington and other churches -towering up in the dim distance, twenty miles or more away, a most -delightful prospect. Conspicuous among these objects is the magnificent -tower, with its lantern, of what is commonly called Boston Stump. - - - -HAREBY. - - -Hareby is situated about 7 miles, in an easterly direction from -Horncastle, is about 1 mile west of Bolingbroke, and 4½ miles from -Spilsby. From the first place it is approached by the old Roman road -from Horncastle to Waynflete, as far as the cross-roads at Lusby, turning -to the right for half-a-mile and then to the left. It is a small parish, -of less than 40 inhabitants, and comprising about 740 acres. Letters, -_via_ Spilsby, arrive at 8.30 a.m. The nearest money order office is at -Bolingbroke, the nearest telegraph office at Spilsby. Hareby Manor -House, the property of Messrs. Ramsden and Taylor, stands on a steep -hill-side, commanding extensive views over Bolingbroke, West Keal, and -southward, far away to the waters of “The Wash.” It has been said that -the name of Hareby, and probably also that of Eresby—the older name of -Spilsby—is derived from the hares, which formerly abounded on these hills -and valleys of the Wolds, the “South Wolds,” as we might here call them, -of Lincolnshire. {87} We are only able to recover fragmentary -particulars, “disjecta membra,” of the past history of this parish. From -Domesday Book we gather, that, like Miningsby, Bolingbroke, and many -other neighbouring parishes, it was once the property of Ivo Taillebois, -through his marriage with the Lady Lucia, heiress of the Saxon princely -family of the Thorolds, whom the Conqueror bestowed upon him. They were -married in A.D. 1072, and on his death, without male issue, in 1114, the -Lady Lucia married Roger de Romara, who thus, through her, became Lord of -Bolingbroke, with other manors in the soke of that demesne. At that -period the parish would seem to have been more populous than it is at the -present day; the Domesday survey, giving the acreage as four carucates -(or 480 acres), rateable to gelt; adds, that thirty-three socmen, five -villeins and five bordars had another four carucates, and 100 acres of -meadow. - -The Lady Lucia, marrying as her 3rd husband the Norman noble, Ranulph, he -delivered some of her estates to the King, Henry I., in return for the -dignity of the Earldom of Chester. Against this, William de Romara, her -son by her late husband, Roger de Romara, protested, but in vain. Some -years later, however, Henry I. restored to him some of his mother’s -property, and made him Earl of Lincoln; and later still, by the exchange -of some lands in Normandy with Robert de Tillot, he acquired the -lordships of Hareby, Hundleby and Mavis Enderby. By his wife Maud, -daughter of Richard de Redver, he had a son William, who married Hawise, -daughter of Stephen, Earl of Albemarle. The last of the Romaras dying -without male issue, the property passed to Gilbert de Gaunt, who married -his daughter, who also succeeded to the Earldom of Lincoln. Robert de -Gaunt forfeited the property by rebelling against King John, and the -estates were conferred upon Ranulph de Meschines, surnamed de Blundeville -(_i.e._, of Oswestry), Earl of Chester, A.D. 1100–1120. He died with -issue, but assigned to Hawise, one of his sisters, the Earldom and -manors. She married Robert de Quincy, son of the Earl of Winchester, -whose daughter Margaret, married John de Lacy, a descendant of the Barons -of Pontefract. His son Edmund, left issue Henry (and others), who, dying -without surviving issue, bequeathed his property to the heirs of Edmund -Plantagenet; after various changes the property again came to a Gaunt, -John, afterwards Duke of Lancaster, and father of Henry of Bolingbroke, -who later on succeeded to the throne as Henry IV. {88} In the course, -however, of the these changes, Hareby, and some other manors, had become -separated from Bolingbroke, and had passed to the Willoughby family, -since we find that in the time of Edw. III., father of Henry of -Bolingbroke, John Willoughby, held “the manors of Wester Kele with -Hareby, Lusby, Easter Kele, &c.” (Chancery Inquisition, 46 Ed. III. No. -78). The family of Willoughby, although originally holding lands under -the Becs, who were lords of Spilsby, Eresby, &c., &c., subsequently -inter-married with that family, and thus succeeded to some of their -property, and were the ancestors of the family of the present Lords -Willoughby d’Eresby, and eventually acquired very large possessions in -these parts, much of which they still retain. - -We find, however, at different periods, various other parties holding -lands in, or connected with, Hareby. - -In a Revesby Charter (No. 28, collection of the late Right Hon. E. -Stanhope), conveying the right of lands in East Kirkby to Revesby Abbey -(temp. Henry II. or Richard I.) the first witness is Alan, Dean of -Hareby, others being, Aschetill, priest of Keal, Alan, priest of Asgarby, -&c. - -By another Charter (No. 53 temp. Richard I. or John), Henry Smerehorn of -East Kirkby, gives his home-born (“nativum”) servant, Robert, son of -Colvan, with all his chattells to Revesby Abbey, and receives in return -“one silver mark from Peter, the monk of Hareby.” This monk of Hareby -would therefore seem to be a nominee of the Abbot of Revesby. - -And this connection is confirmed by another charter (No. 92, temp. Henry -III.), by which the Abbot and monks of Revesby lease certain lands in -Stickney to Bricius, son of Roger, clerk of Stickney, to which deed the -witnesses are Walter of Hareby, at that time Prior of Revesby; Reginald -the cellarer, John of Moorby, Alan of Horncastle, &c., so that it would -seem the former priest, or dean, of Hareby, was promoted to the Priorate -of Revesby. - -By another charter (No. 129, temp. Ed. I.), Alan son of Richard atte -Grene (or, as we should now say, Richard Green) gives certain lands in -East Kirkby to the Abbey, the monks paying in return, “one farthing a -year” to Alan, son of William, son of Roger Palmer, of Hareby, and his -heirs, at the feast of St. Botolph, for all claims on the land. - -By another charter (150 B.), lands in Hareby, Bolingbroke, West Keale, -&c., formerly belonging to Revesby Abbey, are conveyed by Henry VIII., on -the dissolution of the monasteries, to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. - -Another name, once well-known in the neighbourhood, is found connected -with Hareby, in the 15th century. In a Chancery Inquisition, 32 Henry -VI., 1453, taken at Horncastle, the witnesses on oath are Walter -Tailbois, Esq., William Dalison, of Hareby, and others. The Dalisons -(doubtless originally d’Alencon), were a very old Lincolnshire family, -seated at Laughton, probably of Norman extraction. In the 16th century -Sir Francis Ayscoughe a member of another very old county family {90a} -married, as his 2nd wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Dighton, Esq., of -Stourton, and widow of Sir William Dalyson. - -In 1635 Robert Bryan died, at Bolingbroke (March 7th) seized of lands in -Bolingbroke and Hareby, which he held of the Crown, a captain Bryan being -governor of the Castle in the time of the Commonwealth, and a few years -later, (1663), a grant of leases in reversion of demesne land was made in -favour of the widow of Thomas Blagge, groom of the bedchamber {90b} -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1865, p. 57). - -We have mentioned this manor as formerly being the property of the -Plantagenets. Of this there exists a curious piece of evidence. One -Alan de Cuppledyke, {90c} was appointed by Edward II. governor of -Bolingbroke castle, and his steward’s accounts still exist. In one -passage he says that “the open woods of Hundleby, Kirkby and Hareby -Thorns cannot be agisted (modern Linc. ‘gisted,’ _i.e._, let to be -stocked with cattle), on account of the _new coppice_, planted by the -late Earl,” _i.e._, Thomas Plantagenet, the recent owner, the King’s -cousin, but who had forfeited his property, by stirring up a rebellion. -This probably may be said to be the only wood in England which can be -proved to have been planted by a Plantagenet (“Arch. S. Journ.” 1865, p. -43). - -The Littleburies, whose chief residence in this neighbourhood was -Stainsby House, in the parish of Ashby Puerorum, formerly owned land in -Hareby. Humphrey Littlebury, of East Kirkby, in his will, dated 1 Sep., -1568, among other property mentions land in Hareby. {91} - -Another old family connected with Hareby was that of the Skynners. Henry -Skynner of Bolingbroke, by his will of date 29 May, 1612, leaves to his -daughter Judith, all his copyholds in Harebie, and £100 when she is -married, or 21 years of age; to his brother, Sir Vincent Skynner, knight, -and his heirs, he bequeaths certain lands in Harebie, and other places, -with the advowson of the parsonage of Harebie, “all of which I lately -purchased of him, on condition that he pay to my executor the sum of £60, -within six months of my decease, which sum I have already paid for my -said brother, unto Margery Neale of Horncastle, deceased, or else this -gift is utterly void, and I give it to my daughters . . . I have made -surrender of all my customary messuages, lands, &c., in Bullenbroke and -Harebie, into his Majestie’s hands by Vincent, in the name of one Grave, -in the presence of Richard Smyth, gent., and others.” This testator was -the son of John Skynner, and brother of Sir Vincent Skinner, of Thornton -Curtis. - -Mention has been made of Robert Bryan as owning land in Hareby, in 1635. -Members of the same family would seem to have had property there nearly a -century later, as John Bryan was patron of the benefice in 1754, and -united it to that of Bolingbroke. In 1555 King Philip and Queen Mary -presented Gilbert Skroweston to Hareby; but in 1779 the patronage of the -united benefice had passed to Matthew Wildbore, Esq. In 1834 the patron -was Earl Brownlow; in 1836, C. Bosanquet, Esq.; and in 1863, Sir John W. -Smith, Bart.; after him the trustees of the late G. Bainbridge, Esq., -held the patronage, which now has passed to C. S. Dickinson, Esq. The -owners of the estate are now Messrs. Ramden and Taylor, and it is managed -for them by their relative, G. Mariner, Esq. - -The church, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, was rebuilt in 1857–8, -at a cost of about £450. It consists of nave and chancel, with belfry, -having one bell, the fabric being constructed of brick. Sir J. W. Smith, -the then patron, built the nave, and the chancel was built by the then -Rector, the Rev. E. Stanley Bosanquet. The east widow, of coloured -glass, with the crucifixion, was erected in memory of William Bernard -Wingate, a late owner, by members of his family. There is another -coloured window in the south wall of the chancel, without inscription, -but probably erected by the Wingate family; and there is a marble tablet -in the north wall of the nave, in memory of the late owner of the estate, -Frederick Tooth, Esq., of Sevenoaks, Kent. The register dates from 1567. - -Hareby Manor House is a handsome, substantial structure, standing on a -slope, looking towards Old Bolingbroke, and surrounded by extensive -gardens and good farm buildings. - - - -HATTON. - - -Hatton lies about 7½ miles from Horncastle, to the north-west, and about -4 miles south-east of Wragby; being about ½ a mile eastward of the high -road between those two places. Letters, _via_ Wragby, the nearest money -order and telegraph office, arrive at 10 a.m. The register dates from -1552. There are also entries relating to this parish, from 1695 to 1799, -in the Baumber register. The name Hatton, as a parallel to Hatcliffe, -Hatfield, Hatfield Chase, &c., doubtless means a “ton,” _i.e._, “town,” -or protected enclosure, on an open “heath”: pointing to a time when the -neighbourhood was more or less a wild tract; and when the neighbouring -Wragby (from Vargr, a wolf, or outlaw), was the haunt of wild beasts, or -the no less dangerous human robber. - -The Church, dedicated to St. Stephen, described by Weir in his “History -of Lincolnshire” (vol. i. p. 296, Ed. 1828), as a small building, -possessing no claim to attention, and by Saunders (vol. ii. p. 71, Ed. -1834) in nearly the same terms, was at that time in the gift of the -well-known, somewhat eccentric, but popular member for Lincoln, Colonel -Sibthorpe; the Rev. H. W. Sibthorpe being Rector. In 1863 it was in the -gift of G. W. Sibthorpe, Esq., and in 1869 in that of Coningsby C. -Sibthorpe, Esq., being then held by the Rev. C. E. Jarvis. The latter -resigned in 1891, since which time it has been held by the Rev. W. T. -Beaty-Pownall, who has a good rectory house, built in 1871, at a cost of -£1,300 the late Mr. James Fowler being the Architect. It does not appear -to have been long in the patronage of the Sibthorpe family, as in 1711 -the patrons were Sir Richard Wynch, Bart., and Rebecca Wynch, widow; -while in 1750, and again 1780 Sir Robert Lawley, Bart, presented. The -trustees of W. H. Sibthorpe, Esq., are first-named as patrons in 1824. -In the calendar (No. 1), of Institutions to Benefices, from 1540 to 1570 -preserved in the Alnwick Tower, Old Palace, Lincoln (“Architect. Soc. -Journal,” 1897) fol. 22b. 176, we find “William Mershall, clerk, pres. by -W. Dighton of the City of Lincoln, gent., to the church of Hattone, vac. -by the resignation of Sir William Smith; inst. Vicar, A.D. 1550.” {93} -The Dightons were originally a mercantile family, of Lincoln, who filled -the offices of Mayor and Sheriff, and amassed fortunes. One of them, -Robert, became owner of Old Stourton Magna Hall, the moated remains of -which can still be traced in a field about a mile to the west beyond the -Stourton Parva plantations. A daughter of Thomas Dighton of that place, -married Edward Clinton of Baumber, who afterwards became Earl of Lincoln. -In the parish Register of Stourton Magna is the entry “Alice ye wife of -Rob Diton was buried ye 14 Jany. 1688,” and as there are no later entries -of the name, this Robert was probably the last to reside there. There -were other Dightons at Waddingworth and Horkstow. We find, however, -earlier notices of Dightons residing in Hatton. In 1544 by his will, -dated 1 May, “John Dighton of Hatton” requests to be “buried in the -churchyard of St. Elwold in Hatton.” He leaves a bequest for his -brother, “Robert Dighton, parson of Haltham,” and the residue to his -wife, Agnes, his executrix; his two fathers-in-law, Thomas Dighton and -William Chatterton, being “supervisors.” He evidently died early in -life. As to the expression “the churchyard of St. Elwold,” there seems -to be no explanation forthcoming. Possibly there was a chapelry in the -parish, with separate burial grounds. In 1606 we find another John -Dighton, residing at Minting, who, by his will, dated 28 Dec. of that -year, leaves 40s. to the poor of Baumber, Minting, and Hatton. Other -names in connection with this parish are as follows:—Among Lincoln Wills -is one made by “Roger Holmes, of Hatton, gent.” dated 15 May, 1611, in -which he makes various bequests of no particular interest. In 1613 John -Wharfe of Wickenby, by will dated 18 Sept., leaves to his sons lands in -Hatton, which he had on a mortgage, from his father-in-law Smythe. And -in 1616, by will dated 12 November, “Heneage Smith of Hatton,” leaves -“lands in Hatton for a schoolmaster.” He says that he received nothing -from his son-in-law, J. Wharfe, for the mortgage, but that, nevertheless, -he leaves certain moneys for his (J. Wharfe’s) sons, because they are his -grandsons. - -(N.B.—These notices are from “Lincolnshire Wills,” by Canon Maddison.) - -The Church of Hatton was re-built in 1871; entirely of brick, except the -stone facings. It consists of a nave, chancel, and small spire on the -south side of the chancel, containing one bell. Its chief features are -as follows:—the east window, of coloured glass, has three separate -trefoiled lights, in memory of Waldo Sibthorpe, Rector, who died, 14 Nov. -1865, the subjects are, in the centre, the Crucifixion; in the northern -light, the Agony in the Garden; in the south light, the Resurrection, -“Noli me tangere.” In the north chancel wall are two brass tablets, one -recording that £100 was left by Mary Esther Waldo Sibthorpe in trust to -the Rector, for the poor of the parish; the other, that £100 was given by -Charles Edward Jarvis, in trust to the Rector, for the benefit of the -parish. In the north wall is one two-light Early English window, and one -single-light window in the same style. In the south wall is one -single-light window, the vestry door, and organ chamber, over which -stands the tower and spire. In the north wall also is a credence table -of stone, with trefoiled arch. The east end is in the form of an apse. -The chancel arch, and that of the organ chamber, terminate in elaborately -foliated finials. In the nave, the pulpit is of Caen stone, a device in -one panel being a cross within a quatrefoil, surrounded by a circular -moulding. In the nave north wall, near the pulpit are a pair of -two-light windows, with trefoils above; and westward is a three-light -window with quatrefoil above. In the south wall of the nave is one -two-light window, with two trefoils, and a circle above; and one -three-light window corresponding to that in the north wall. The lectern -is of oak. The font is of Caen stone, with fluted bowl in eight -partitions, and supported by eight round columns. The sittings, for -fifty, and the roof throughout, are of pitch-pine. - -The Rectory, close by, is a commodious and substantial residence in good -grounds. In a field to the south of the gardens are remains of former -stews, or fishponds, and two rather large boulders, {95} which have -evidently been ice-borne, and like many others in the neighbourhood, are -of carboniferous “Spilsby” sandstone of the Neocomian period. The soil -of the parish generally, is a heavy clay; and in a brickyard adjoining -the Horncastle and Wragby road, are numerous ammonites and other fossils. - -There is a yearly rent charge of £6 left by Heneage Smith, in 1616, for -the education of poor children, which is paid out of the estate of -Coningsby C. Sibthorpe, Esq.; 14s. 2d. was left by William Marshall, in -1557, for poor parishioners, to be paid out of land at Minting, but this -has fallen into abeyance. Edmund Turnor, Esq., is lord of the manor but -C. C. Sibthorpe, Esq., owns the greater part of the soil. “Midge Inn,” -which has the reputation of formerly being the haunt of the highwayman, -who lightened the pocket of many a traveller on the King’s highway, is on -the Horncastle and Wragby road in this parish, which is in the soke of -Wragby. - - - -HEMINGBY. - - -This parish lies 4 miles north by west from Horncastle, on the river -Bain. Letters, _via_ Horncastle, which is the nearest money order -office, arrive at 9.30. The Incumbent is the Rev. E. S. Bengough, who -has a commodious Rectory. The register dates from 1579. - -The Church is dedicated to St. Margaret. A previous structure, erected -in nondescript, “Grecian,” style, in 1771 (a period when so many of the -churches in the neighbourhood were re-modelled in the worst taste), -consisting of nave, chancel, and low tower, with three bells, was -re-seated in 1856, when additional accommodation was provided. A west -door, made of bog oak, from a large tree dug up, when the railway line -was made between Boston and Lincoln, was presented by the Rev. E. Walter, -Rector of Langton. The entire fabric was restored in 1896, at a cost of -£1450, and re-opened in January of that year, through the liberality and -exertions of the Rector, Rev. E. S. Bengough, aided by handsome donations -from Earl Manvers, the family of the late Rector, Rev. G. Thackeray, and -others. The tower was entirely re-built and the chancel enlarged. A -relic of a former medieval church was found in the pavement of the nave, -consisting of a slab, carved with two quatrefoils, with shields in the -centre of each. This was placed in the wall of the chancel, above the -east window. The pulpit, of carved oak, was the gift of the family of -the Rev. G. Thackeray, the late Rector. The architect was Mr. W. Scorer, -of Lincoln. The bells, of the 18th century, bear the names of the -founders, Mears and Stainbanks, of London. - -At the date of Domesday Book, the great Norman Baron, Ivo Taylebois, -owned land in this parish, as Earl Harold had done before him. Baldric, -one of the Earl’s vassals, had there one carucate, and two villeins, and -two bordars, and seven sokemen, who had two carucates, and half a mill, -worth 7s. yearly, and 30 acres of meadow. There were three carucates, -rateable to gelt. The manor, held by Edric, had six oxgangs, also -rateable to gelt. Its value, temp. Edwd. the Confessor, was 60s., in -Domesday 100s. - -Among the gentry of Lincolnshire, enrolled in the List made by the King’s -Heralds, at their visitation in 1634, was Ambrose Shepard of this parish -(Everard Green, F.S.A., “Lincs. N. & Q.,” p. 105). - -In Liber Regis, the living was valued at £17 8_s._ 6½_d._, now at £500; -423 acres being allotted at the enclosure in lieu of tithes and the old -glebe. In 1722 the benefice was in the gift of the Rev. Mr. Carr of -Newcastle-on-Tyne; after that the patronage was vested in King’s College, -Cambridge. - -There is an endowed School, for master and mistress, founded by Jane -Dymoke, widow of the champion, in 1727, and endowed by her in 1736, for -teaching the children of the poor of the parish, “to read, write, spin, -and card wool.” Commodious schoolrooms for boys and girls have been -erected in late years. Lands in Woodhall yield an income of about £110 a -year. There is a rent charge of £5 on a farm in Asterby, and £568 in -consols. The whole yearly income is about £130, besides residence and 20 -acres of land for the master. Four almswomen receive 2_s._ 3_d._ weekly, -with an allowance of fuel. Four apprentices are provided for with a -premium of £10, and £3 a year for clothing, during the 7 years of their -service. The late Mrs. Baker, in 1848, also left the interest of £500 to -be distributed in coals among the poor of the parish. The living is now -in the gift of King’s College, Cambridge; but by an Inquisition held at -Boston, 12 Henry VII. (A.D. 1497) it was found that Sir John Ratclyff, -knight, besides considerable other property in the county, was seised of -the advowson of Hemingby, and alternate advowson of Skyrbeck, but he -being attainted, in the 11th year of that King, his property passed to -Andrew Dymmock, as the Kings “Solidat” (soldier). (“Linc. N. & Q.,” iv., -p. 11.) In 1711 Leonard Smelt, Esq., presented to this benefice; in 1722 -the Rev. Mr. Carr, of Newcastle, gent.; and King’s College for the first -time in 1768. - - - -KIRKBY-ON-BAIN. - - -Kirkby-on-Bain is a village larger than most of those in the immediate -neighbourhood, situated on the river Bain, between 4 and 5 miles from -Horncastle, in a southerly direction, about 4 miles north-east of -Tattershall, and rather less south-east of Woodhall Spa, where are the -nearest railway station, money order, and telegraph office, there being a -post office in the village. - -It was a saying of one of our chief archæologists, that “anciently every -local name had its meaning”; and we may extract more than conjectural -history from the name, Kirkby-on-Bain. The first syllable carries us -back into a distant past, earlier than the date of most of our written -records. As a rule, when the word “Kirk” forms part of a place-name, it -implies, not only the former existence of a church in the locality (the -name in Domesday is “Chirchebi,”) but also of a still earlier, and -probably Druid, temple. The syllable “Kir,” or “Ker,” {98a} with its -plural Kerrog, Kerig, or Curig (hence “Church”) means a sacred circle, -which was the form of the ancient British, or Druid, place of worship, -such as are still to be seen, on a large scale, in the megalithic remains -of Stonehenge near Salisbury, and at Avebury near Marlborough, in -Wiltshire; and, on a smaller scale, in many a lonely spot among the hills -in Wales and Scotland, and on the continent, as far Palestine. These -remarks apply to many places in our own neighbourhood, as Kirkstead, -Kirkby Green, beyond the once sacred stream of the Druids, the Witham, or -Rhe, East Kirkby beyond Revesby, &c. We have 5 Kirkbys, and 2 Kirtons -(Kirk-ton), in the county. Thus we get a British origin for this parish; -while the name of the river, on which it is situate, is also British; the -word “Ban,” meaning “bright,” or “clear,” is found not only in the river -Bain, but in several other streams. {98b} - -The second syllable of the name Kirkby yields further information. While -the two contiguous parishes of Kirk-stead and Kirk-by have the first -syllable in common, in their suffix, they differ, since “stead,” -connected with our word “steady,” is Saxon, meaning a settled domicile; -and “by,” is an old Danish word, (still surviving in Scotland as “byre”) -meaning the same. {99a} - -The Britons, therefore, have left their mark in the first half of both -these names, but from the second halves we gather that the Saxons made -their permanent residence in Kirkstead, whereas in Kirkby, although they -doubtless there also succeeded the Britons, they were, in turn, -supplanted by the Danes, who made this place their “byre,” or “by,” with -three “by-roads,” or village roads, branching from it. - -In this connection we may also note, that “Toft,” which is a farm name in -the parish, is also a Danish word, and this is another of their -“footprints on the sands of time”; while further we may observe, that -those roving invaders were called “Vikings,” because they first -frequented our “viks,” “wicks,” or creeks; and there are geological -indications, in the beds of sand and gravel, in this parish, that the -river Bain was, at one time, much wider and deeper than it is in the -present day {99b}; and so, we may well suppose, that, up this “ancient -river,” the river Bain, those Danish marauders steered their way, from -its mouth at “Dog-dyke,” originally Dock-dyke, because there was a Dock, -or Haven, for shipping there (as the present Langrick was a long-creek of -the sea, a few miles beyond; the sea then coming up from Waynfleet); and -made their settlement here, from which they ousted the Saxons, whose -presence is implied in the name of the hamlet Tumby, originally Tunne-by, -which is, in part, a Saxon appellation. - -Thus, by the analysis of a name we are brought down from those far-off, -dark ages to within the range of historic times. Kirkby is stated to be -in “the soke of Horncastle,” in a document of date 1327–8 (“Lincolnshire -N & Q.” vol. v., No. 44., p. 248), but the local historian, Mr. Weir -(“Hist. Horncastle,” p. 310, Ed. 1828) says, that it had a jurisdiction -of its own, including Kirkstead, and even more distant parishes, as -Wispington, and Waddingworth. {100a} - -The Domesday survey of this county, made in 1089, by order of William the -Conqueror, and so named by the Saxons, because it recorded the doom of -many a Saxon Thane, ejected from his possessions by Norman warriors, -contains several notices of this parish; and although at first sight they -appear somewhat conflicting, yet a careful study of them enables us to -put together something like a connected account of some of its former -proprietors. - -First we may mention the Saxon owners, who were dispossessed of their -lands by the Normans. - -One of these was Ulmar, who had 150 acres, charged with the land tax, -called “gelt,” which was about 2_s._ to the carucate (or 120 acres); -besides which he had 1½ carucates (180 acres), sub-let to smaller bond -tenants, making in all 330 acres. He had also in the adjoining parish of -Tattershall Thorpe, 240 acres, “in demesne,” _i.e._, in his own -occupation, as Lord of the Manor, besides 360 acres sub-let to -dependents. Ulmar was therefore what we should call, “well to do,” a -Saxon yeoman of substance. - -There were also two other Saxon owners in the parish, who would seem, to -some extent, to have been partners. Godwin and Gonewate had between them -60 acres in Kirkby, charged with the aforesaid payment of “gelt,” and 75 -acres exempt from it. They had also 360 acres in Tattershall Thorpe; and -separately, or together, they had lands in several other parishes. -Especially in Tumby, they owned 300 acres rateable to “gelt,” and 360 -acres more sub-let to dependents. - -Another part of this parish would seem to have been a separate demesne, -Fulsby, probably a contraction of Fugels-by, or the homestead of Fugel. -{100b} Here, at a later period, there was a large residence, named -“Fulsby Hall” of which possibly there may be still some traces in ponds -and mounds, in a field in the middle of what is still called “Fulsby -Wood.” - -Toft Grange also would seem to have been another distinct property; and -was at a later date (as will be shown hereafter), owned or occupied by a -Dymoke. The term “Grange” would imply that it was an appendage of some -Religious House; and an old charter of Richard I., now in the Library of -Revesby Abbey, shows that that Sovereign granted to the Monks of St. -Lawrence at Revesby, the Grange of Toft, {101a} with its appurtenances, a -mill at Fulsby, with lands in Tumby, Coningsby, &c. - -The greater part of Tumby was, as it is still, woodland, and formed -“Tumby Forest,” or “Tumby Chase,” of which old maps still show the trees. -{101b} - -In a Close Roll, 5 Ed. IV. (1466), there is a reference to the great -wood, called “Tumbi Wode,” or “Tumbi Chase” (“Ibiden,” p. 131). - -We have, thus far, three Saxon proprietors in this parish, who were, in -their day, men of substance; but the incoming of the Norman was the -Saxon’s doom; and while Domesday Book says, with pregnant brevity, that -Ulmar, Godwin, and Gonewate “had,” _i.e._ formerly owned, such and such -lands, it names the Normans alone as present proprietors. - -In the case of Kirkby the accounts also of these Norman Lords might seem, -at first sight, somewhat conflicting. For instance, Domesday Book gives -Odo, Bishop of Baieux as owner of this parish, or a large portion of it; -but we turn over only a few pages, and find it referred to as among the -possessions of William de Karilepho, Bishop of Durham. But “hereby hangs -a tale.” Odo of Baieux was half brother of William the Conqueror; being -the son of Arlette, the concubine of his father, Robert, Duke of -Normandy, by a Norman Noble, Herluin de Contaville. Odo’s brother was -created Earl of Moretaine, his sister was the Countess d’ Aumale (which -in later times became Albemarle), and he was given by the Duke, in 1049, -the high position of Bishop of Baieux, in the now department of Calvados, -in Lower Normandy. {102a} On coming to England in the train of the -Conqueror, he was created Earl of Kent, Count Palatine, and “Justiciarius -Angliœ,” and no less than 439 manors were bestowed upon him, 76 of these -being in Lincolnshire. He was thus among the most powerful of the -Normans in this country; he was styled “Vice-Lord of the whole of -England,” and was said to be “second only to the King.” But his -greatness was his ruin. Elated by his vast wealth, he aspired to the -Papacy, and collecting a great amount of treasure, he was about to set -sail for Rome, when William seized him and his treasure, and sent him to -prison in Normandy, confiscating his estate. {102b} Thus Odo’s tenure of -his lands in Kirkby and elsewhere, was only brief; and there were other -grasping Norman followers of the Conqueror ready to step into his shoes. -One of these was the aforenamed William de Karilepho, Bishop of Durham; -who had been Abbot of St. Karilepho in Normandy, but, coming over to -England, was consecrated to that Palatine See in 1082. Thus Kirkby again -became the property of a scarcely less powerful prelate than Odo; for the -Bishops of Durham have ranked high in the episcopate down to quite recent -times; but in early days they were not only bishops, but princely nobles, -whose influence almost rivalled that of the Sovereign; and this prelate -again was Chief Justice of England. An indirect evidence of the Bishop -of Durham’s influence in Kirkby is seen in the following circumstance. -Both Ecton’s “Thesaurus,” and “Liber Regis,” state that the benefice of -Kirkby formerly paid a “pension of 40_s._ to the Priory of St. Leonard at -Stamford.” This would appear to have come about in the following manner. -Oswy, the Saxon King of Northumbria, in the middle of the 7th century of -the Christian era, having conquered the pagan King of Mercia, of which -Lincolnshire formed a part, as a thank-offering to God, gave to Wilfred, -the friend and instructor of his son Alchfrid, certain lands in Stamford, -for the maintenance of 100 Monks. Accordingly Wilfred, who afterwards -became Bishop of York, founded the Priory of St. Leonard at Stamford; -and, having received his own education at the Monastery of Lindisfarne, -in Holy Island, he gave the Priory to that Religious House. At the time -of the Conquest, the Monks of Lindisfarne, were attached to the See of -Durham, and thus their dependency at Stamford came under the cognizance -of William de Karilepho; and as Lord of the Manor of Kirkby, he charged -this benefice with this contribution to the Priory. Had the Monks of -Lindisfarne not been plundered by the Danes, and so driven to Durham, -Kirkby would not have had this payment to make; “40_s_” was, in those -days a considerable sum, the whole tithes of the benefice being only £1 -7_s._ 4¼_d._ The buildings of the Priory at Stamford, were plundered by -the Danish rovers, but were rebuilt by William de Karilepho, partly -doubtless with money from Kirkby, about the year 1082. On the -dissolution of the Monasteries, in the reign of Henry VIII. that King, -who was generally in need of cash, appropriated the temporalities of the -benefice of Kirkby, and so became patron of the living, which is still in -the gift of the Sovereign. - -We now get another name of rank among the Normans connected with Kirkby. -Domesday Book says, “Ilbert has here 1 caracate (120 acres), with 10 -villeins (the lowest class of bondmen), and 4 bordars (the higher class -of bondmen), who hold under him another carucate; also the site of a mill -(a valuable possession in those times), 12 acres of meadow (probably rich -grass land watered by the Bain), and 160 acres of woodland interspersed -with pasture,” where the serfs would tend the lord’s herds of swine, -which fattened on the acorns in their season, and where he would harbour -his deer, and other animals of the chase. - -In those times even a powerful noble did not disdain to be the vassal of -such a princely prelate as the great Bishop of Durham, at the head of one -of the three palatine counties in England; and such was this Ilbert, or, -as he was otherwise called, Hildebert de Lacy. - -Coming to England with the Conqueror, he was granted by William the manor -of Pontefract, and 150 other lordships in Yorkshire, 10 in -Nottinghamshire, and 4 in Lincolnshire. In several other parishes, -{104a} Kirkby being among them, he also held lands, not absolutely “in -demesne,” as his own, but under the absentee Bishop of Durham as lord -paramount, to whom he paid a small yearly rent, which was exacted from -his Saxon dependents. This Ilbert, or Hildebert, built the castle of -Pontefract, {104b} and was one of the most powerful nobles in Yorkshire. -Another of his family, also Ilbert, was a witness to the Charter of King -Stephen, which secured the ecclesiastical liberties of England; and -another, John de Lacy, became Earl of Lincoln, by marrying Margaret, -daughter of Hawise de Quincy, sister of Ranulph, Earl of Lincoln and -Chester (A.D. 1232). Their son, Henry de Lacy, held the same honours in -the reigns of Henry III. and Ed. I. {104c} A John de Lacy was among the -signatories of the Magna Charta, and we may add that it is not a little -remarkable that, in this 20th century, the name of Ilbert is yet to the -fore, Sir Courtenay Peregrine Ilbert, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., &c., being now -Clerk of the House of Commons, and a distinguished lawyer and scholar. - -By a curious coincidence, Pontefract was in Saxon times known by the name -of Kirkby, and this name continued even in later times; a charter of -Ilbert’s son, Robert, conveying lands to the Priory of St. John at -Pontefract, mentions them as being “de dominio de Kirkby,” while another -charter gives them as “de Pontefract” (Camden’s “Britannia,” p. 729.) -Thus Ilbert, Lord of Kirkby-on-Bain, held two lordships in different -counties, of the same name. - -We have yet another landowner named as connected with this parish, of -scarcely less note than Ilbert de Lacy. - -As we have observed in our “Records” of other parishes, Eudo, son of -Spirewic, and Pinso, were two Norman sworn brothers in arms, who came -over with the Conqueror, and did him such good service that William -granted them “the manor of Tattershall with the hamlet of Thorpe and the -towne of Kirkeby,” beside some 24 other lordships; Eudo to have tenure -directly from the King, and Pinso under St. Cuthbert of Durham. They -subsequently divided these possessions between them, Pinso taking those -further away, while Eudo seated himself at Tattershall. On his death -there, he was succeeded by his son, Hugh Fitz Eudo, commonly called -“Brito,” or “The Breton,” who founded the neighbouring abbey of -Kirkstead, A.D. 1139. He had in Kirkby 1 carucate (120 acres) of land -“in demesne,” with 8 acres of meadow and 80 acres of woodland -interspersed with pasture, very much as “Kirkby Moor” is still. He had -also in Tumby another carucate, in his own occupation, with villeins and -bordars, and two soc-men, _i.e._, free tenants, on 75 acres; also 20 -acres of meadow, one fishery and a half, two mills, and 370 acres of -woodland, forming the “Tumby chase.” He had also lands in Waddingworth -and Wispington, which were within the jurisdiction of Kirkby; in the -latter two parishes he halved the land with the Bishop of Durham, who -also (as we have seen) had a slice of Kirkby. - -With these several important personages connected with this parish, it -naturally also acquired a more important position than the villages -around, justifying the term “town of Kirkby,” given to it in old records -(Dugdale’s “Baronage” vol. i., p. 439). - -Of subsequent owners of Kirkby, and its appurtenances, Tumby, Fulsby, and -Toft, we are not able to give a connected series, but there is evidence -enough to enable us to form fairly safe conjectures, concerning several -of them. - -The ownership of the de Lacys continued, with one brief interruption, for -some generations. Hildebert was succeeded by his son Robert Henry, but -he, as Camden relates (“Britannia,” p. 712), taking part in the battle of -Tinchebray, Sep. 28, 1106, against Henry I., in favour of Robert, Duke of -Normandy, on the victory of Henry, was deprived of his possessions, which -were given to another Norman, Henry Travers (Dugdale’s “Baronage” vol. i. -p. 99), and afterwards to Wido de Laval, who held them till the reign of -Stephen; when that King restored to the said Henry his possessions once -more. His two sons Henry and Ilbert dying without issue, the estates in -1193 passed to their half sister, on the mother’s side, Albreda de -Lisours. She married Richard Fitzeustache, Constable of Chester; which -family subsequently took the name of de Lacy, and (as has been already -stated) became Earls of Lincoln. The estates continued in this line till -1310; when Henry de Lacy, having no male issue, left his property to his -daughter Alice, who married Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. He joined a -conspiracy against Edward II., and being defeated in the battle of -Boroughbridge, in the West Riding of Yorkshire (March 16, 1322), was -beheaded on a hill near his Castle of Pontefract {106}; being, it is -said, led out to the spot, by way of disgrace, “on a lean horse,” by an -official, named Gasgoyne; which name also, somewhat curiously (as will be -seen hereafter), is connected with Kirkby. A change in ownership now -appears; in the family of Bec, or Beke. In the 13th century one of them -Walter Bec was Constable of Lincoln Castle, under Henry de Lacy, Earl of -Lincoln, A.D., 1275 (“Hundred Rolls,” vol. i. p. 312). But 80 years -before this, a Final Concord, of 27 Nov. 1197, gives the following -agreement, “on the 2nd day after the feast of St. Katharine” between -Walter, son of Walter Bec, plaintiff, and Richard, Abbot of Kirkstead, as -to a wood called Langhace, and other land “in the field of Kirkebi which -is upon Bayne,” within the Court of the said Abbot, whereby Walter -“quitclaims all his rights to the Abbot and Convent” for which they give -him 4 marks (£21 13_s._ 4_d_). - -By another Concord, on the octave of St. Michael (Oct. 6, 1226), between -William Bec, plaintiff, and Henry, Abbot of Kirkstead, tenant of certain -lands, in Kirkby, the Abbot acknowledges the lands to be “of the right of -the said William, which his father also had, to have and to hold (them) -to him and his heirs for ever, of the Abbot, and his successors, -rendering to them 6_d._ by the year, for all service”; and for this -William quitclaims all his rights to the Abbot, and his successors. - -Another Concord (p. 220), shows that in 1227, Walter Bec had lands in -Kirkeby, Tattershale, and Thorpe, which he granted to Robert de -Tateshale; for which the latter was to “render £20 13_s._ 4_d._ yearly, -at Kirkby upon Bayne, and to do the service of one knight” (“Architect S. -Journal” xxiv. p. 34). - -By another deed, in the same year, 1227, “three weeks from Easter day” -(May 1st), between Walter Bec, plaintiff, and Robert de Tateshale, -touching right of warren on the lands of the said Walter, in Kirkby, -Tateshale, and Thorpe, concerning which Walter complained, that Robert -unjustly, and without warrant, caused warren in the said lands, which -rightly are of the fee of the Bishop of Durham, an agreement is made that -Robert shall give an exchange of lands: whereupon Walter grants to Robert -“all his lands in Kirkeby, Tateshale, and Thorpe, in demesnes, homages, -rents, an services of free men, within the said manor, rendering £21 -13_s._ 4_d._, by the year, at Kirkeby on Bayne, and the service of one -knight’s fee”; and for this Robert gives him 10 marks (£6 13_s._ 4_d._) -The head quarters of the Becs were at Lusby; Henry Bec, of Lusby, being -father of the Walter Bec, already named as Constable of Lincoln Castle. -They were strong in church influence; Thomas Bec, son of the said Walter -Bec, being Bishop of Lincoln, 1342–1346; while another Thomas Bec, a -cousin, had been Bishop of St. David’s, 1280–1293; and another cousin, -Anthony Bec, was Bishop of Durham, and so connected with Kirkby, as Lord -Superior, 1283–1310. - -In a Harleyan charter (45 H. 12) in the British Museum we find the -following, “To all sons of Holy Church, Walter Bec, son of Henry Bec, -greeting. Know that I have granted and quitclaimed to the monks of -Kirkstead, the manure of their 300 sheep of their fold of Kirkby. Also I -quitclaimed to the same the toll of my corn, which now they are -accustomed to grind, according to the tenor of their charter &c.” -Witnesses, Richard, Dean of Horncastr, Henry de Langton, Nicholas Bec, -Henry Bec, and others. - -Another name now appears among owners of Kirkby. The Willoughbys and the -Becs inter-married, and by a Feet of Fines (Lincoln file 68, 32; 30 Ed. -I.) Robert de Wilgeby grants to John Bec, for life only, certain lands -in “Kirkeby next Bayne,” and 37 other parishes, with mills, advowson of -benefices, 9 fees of knights, &c.; after his decease the said properties -to revert to the said Robert and his heirs, quit of the heirs of the said -John. - -By an inquisition _ad quod damnum_ (17 Ed. II., 1323), it was shewn that -this manor was charged with a payment of £21 13_s._ 4_d._ to John son and -heir of this Robert de Wilgeby (Willoughby). - -Some of the Lords of Kirkby and Tumby seem to have treated the Abbots of -Kirkstead with considerable liberality; for which, doubtless, they would -receive an equivalent in prayers, if not “indulgences,” granted in their -favour. In a cartulary of the Abbey (Vespasian, E., xviii.), now in the -British Museum, is a charter running as follows:—“I, Robert, son of Simon -de Tumby, have granted to the Church of St. Mary of Kirkstead half the -fishery of Troholm, and 5 acres of land in the field of Tumby, and common -pasture through all the fields and territory within the bounds of Tumby.” -This was early in the 12th century. The witnesses to this deed, it is to -be noticed, are his nephew Richard, and Gilbert, “clerk,” _i.e._, parson, -“of Driebe”; hence we should infer that the “de Tumby” and “de Driby” -families were one and the same; and this is proved to have been the case -by a Final Concord of 12 John (A.D. 1211), which mentions the above grant -of “5 acres in Tumby” to Simon de Driby and his heirs. {108} The grant -to the Abbots of Kirkstead was confirmed, some years later, by Robert, -son of Hugh de Tateshale, who “put his hand to the altar” in testimony of -the same (charter of same cartulary, quoted “Architect. Journ.,” xxiii., -p. 107). - -By a Chancery Inquisition p.m., 8 Ed. III. (1335), and by a similar -document, 41 Ed. III., it is shown that John de Kirketon (Kirton) held -for life the manor of Tumby, with that of Tateshale. The Kirktons of -Kirton, near Boston, were probably kinsmen of the Dribys, as this -transfer was made by John de Driby, and the Driby armorial bearings were -formerly in the windows of Kirton Church, along with those of the Earls -of Lincoln (connected, as we have seen, with Kirkby) and others -(“Lincolnshire Churches,” by Stephen Lewin). This local connection may, -in aftertimes, have led to the marriage alliance of the D’Eyncourts, who -held the manor of Kirton, with the next family whom we shall mention, the -Cromwells. {109a} The above Robert, son of Simon de Driby (or de Tumby), -had to wife Joan, co-heiress of the Barons of Tattershall; and somehow -that connection seems to have brought the Cromwells into possession of -the manor of Kirkby. In an Inquisition p.m., 22 Rich. II. (1399), Ralph -de Cromwell is described as owning the manor of Kirkby, with that of -Tattershall, through his wife Matilda, or Maud de Bernak, sister and sole -heir of William de Bernak, Lord of Tattershall. He had lands in 14 -parishes in this county, 1 in Derbyshire, and 6 in Notts. {109b} His -grandson, Ralph, married Margaret, sister and co-heir of the 5th and last -Baron D’Eyncourt. His granddaughter, Maud, married Sir Richard Stanhope, -of Rampton, knight. Their daughter, Maud, married Sir Gervase Clifton, -of Clifton, knight, “The gentle Sir Gervase,” who was killed at the -battle of Tewkesbury, May 4, 1471; and afterwards married Sir Thomas -Neville, and then the 6th Baron Willoughby d’ Eresby. Thus we have a -number of important alliances of this family of Kirkby proprietors -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1858, p. 228). - -At the time when Gervase Holles, in 1630, made his peregrinations round -this county, he says that there were in the windows of the rectory house, -of Kirkby, the armorial bearings, in coloured glass, of some 20 leading -county families, including—Becs, Willoughbys, Percys, Tyrwhitts, -Tailbois, Dymokes, &c. These had probably been originally in the windows -of the church, and, on the decay of the edifice, had been transferred to -the house. Representations of these are given in the Harleyan MS. -(6829), now in the British Museum, together with a description of -monuments formerly in the church, but now lost. These arms enable us to -form an idea of the great families who were connected with this parish. -The association with the place of the Tailbois is not quite clear; but -Gilbert Tailbois was summoned to Parliament, as Baron Tailbois, in the -reign of Henry VIII., when he showed that he was descended from Sir -Edward Dymoke, who married Anne Tailbois. This Gilbert was also -descended from Henry Tailbois, who married Eleanor Burdon, daughter of -Gilbert Burdon, by Elizabeth de Umfraville, sister and heiress of the -Earl of Angus (“Dugdale’s Baronage,” vol. i.); who again was related to -the de Kymes, kinsmen of the Dymokes; the Kymes also being connected with -the old and distinguished county family of the Ayscoughs. - -The connection of the Dymokes with Kirkby is seen in the following -bequest of “Arthur Dymmocke of Toft Grange, in the p’she of Kyrkebye,” of -date May 27, A.D., 1558. “I geve and bequeathe to the Church of the said -Kyrkebye one satteyn gown, to make a coope or a vestment. I will that -there shall be distributed among the poore people at my buriall xiiili. -xiis. viii. I give to the poore people of the towneshipp of Kirkebye -vili., to the poore of Tunbye xls.” There are also bequests to “Marum, -Willesby, Screuelby, Roughton, Connyngesbye, Tattershall, Haltam,” &c. -He adds, “I will that myne executour shall geve to the marriages of poore -maydens, at their discretions, xxvjli. I geve to the repayring of fowle -and noysome hie wayes xxvjli. I geve to my brother Sir Edwarde Dymmocke, -Knight, tenne pound, and my best gelding, with the best jewell he will -chuse among all my jewells. I geve to my sister his wif one gold ring wt -a turkey (turquoise). I geve to Sir {111} Thomas Olive, p’sonne of -Kirkebye one gold ring enamelled.” These, and many more bequests to poor -people in the county of Middlesex, &c., &c., show that Arthur Dymoke of -Toft Grange, was a man of substance, as well as of generous mind. -(“Linc. N. & Q.” July 1897, vol. v., No. 39). - -We now get another family resident in this parish, of some importance. -We have mentioned Fulsby Hall, of which nothing certain now remains. -This demesne would seem to have belonged to the Nelthorpes of Scawby, N. -Lincolnshire, but it was occupied by a family named Cressy. The Cressy -pedigree is given in a MS. book of “Lincolnshire Gentry,” written by -Thomas Beckwith, F.S.A., 1768, and preserved in the Library of Revesby -Abbey (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. 166). As far back as A.D., 1216, we -find a William de Cressy named, along with Ralph de Haya (an old Norman -family), as being “sureties for the faithful service” of Simon de Driby, -already named. (Hardy’s “Rolls de oblatis et finibus,” p. 575.) Whether -he was of the same family we cannot say, but it is some hundreds of years -before the name occurs again. - -Also a charter of Hamelin, Count de Warren, and his Countess Isabella, -about A.D., 1074, mentions a Roger de Cressy, with whom they unite in -granting a wood, and other properties, “to God and the Church of St. -Victor, and the Monks thereof,” in Normandy. The same charter also names -3 houses given by Ranulph de Cressy, “for the soul of his brother Hugh,” -(“Archæological Journal,” No. 9, 1846.) Thomas Cressy, of Fulsby, is -named among the Gentry of Lincolnshire in the “Herald’s Visitation” of -1634, preserved in the Library of the Herald’s College. Canon Maddison -in a note to his “Lincolnshire Wills” (p. 141) says that Nicholas Cressy -married Frances, daughter of Sir Henry Ayscough, Knight of Blyborough, -and left Blyborough for Kirkby-on-Bain, _i.e._, for Toft Grange. The -daughter, Faith, of this Nicholas Cressy, married George Tyrwhitt, a -cadet of the Kettleby family of Tyrwhitts; and we have already seen that -the Tyrwhitt arms were among those formerly in the Rectory windows. Her -sister Jane married Sir Edward Dymoke, Knight, of Scrivelsby. Her eldest -brother was named Brandon, from the connection of the Ayscoughs, with -Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. This Faith had a daughter named -“Douglas”; the Tyrwhitts being related to the Sheffields, and John, 2nd -Lord Sheffield married Douglas, daughter of William, 1st Lord Howard of -Effingham. His son, again, Edmund, created Earl of Mulgrave, married -about 1590, Ursula, daughter of Sir Robert Tyrwhitt of Kettleby. Faith -Tyrwhitt, by will, dated 18 Feby, 1669, leaves bequests to Lady Jane -Dymoke, to her brother Major Thomas Cressy, to Edward and Charles Dymoke, -to Elizabeth Dymoke, her goddaughter; and “to my good child Douglas -everything else.” This “Douglas” was baptized at Horncastle, 8 January, -1628–9. - -There is some difficulty in connecting the Percy family with Kirkby, -beyond the fact that their arms were among those in the rectory windows. -But a Chancery Inquisition post mortem of 1381–2 (5 Richard II., No. 47), -shows that Mary de Percy, wife of John de Roos, was next heir to -Margaret, wife of John de Orby, who was jointly enfeoffed of certain -lands in Tattershall, &c.; and that on her decease the Earl of -Northumberland (a Percy) held and occupied the same, he having married -their daughter Joan, as second wife. The above John de Orby is stated to -have been kinsman and heir of Robert de Tateshale, knight. These lands -were also held of the Duke of Lancaster, a Gaunt. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. -vi., No. 47, p. 73). We further find that after the death of Gilbert de -Gaunt, his widow the Countess Roheis, in her own right married one -“Robertus, Dapifer” who was steward to the house of Percy (“Topographist -and Genealogist” i., 303). If this was, as seems likely, a Robert de -Tateshale, he would be a landowner in Tumby, and, as steward, also a -vassal of the Percys, Earls of Northumberland. As further connecting the -Percy family with this neighbourhood, we may mention, that among the -Revesby charters, is one of date about 1142, the witnesses to which are -Henry de Perci, Gilbert de Bec, and others. The same Henry de Perci is -also witness to another of these charters, of date 1155. - -The arms of the Willoughbys have been already mentioned as among those -formerly in the Rectory. This may be accounted for by the fact that -Matilda, or Maud, Lady Willoughby, widow of Lord Cromwell, died in 1497, -seized of a greater part of the possessions of her late husband, and, -among others, “in fee tail of the manor of Kyrkeby upon Bayne” (“Chancery -Inquisition” p.m., 13, Henry vii., No. 34. Quoted “Architect S. Journal” -xxiii. p. 132.) - -We have now shown links connecting this parish, more or less closely, -with most of the families whose armorial bearings formerly existed here. -There is only one more name not yet accounted for: that of Gasgoyne. We -are unable positively to establish any link in this case. Camden tells -us (“Britannia,” pp. 714–731), that the Gasgoynes were an “ancient and -virtuous family of Yorkshire, seated at Gawthorpe, probably (he says) -from Gasgoyne in France,” to which family belonged the famous Judge, Sir -William Gasgoyne, who showed his courage by committing to prison the -young Prince, who was to be the future King Henry V. - -We have already mentioned that the property of the de Lacys (including, -probably, Kirkby) passed to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, who was afterwards -beheaded for rebellion, being led out for execution by an officer named -Gasgoyne. It would appear, therefore, that a Gasgoyne held some official -post at Pontefract Castle, and that Lordship (as we have seen), was -connected with Kirkby, as belonging to the same noble owners, de Lacys, -and others; and hence the Gasgoyne arms appear along with those of the de -Lacys, and others. The name of Gasgoyne is found in Stow’s copy of the -roll of Battle Abbey, as among the distinguished soldiers who came over -with the Conqueror, coupled with Gaunt, Gaunville, and many another good -name. - -At the dissolution of religious houses by Henry VIII., we find among -institutions to benefices, that Robert Brantingham, was presented to -Kirkby, in 1565, by Robert Brantingham, of Horncastle, by reason of the -advowson, for that turn, being granted to him by “the late Prior and -Convent of the Cathedral Church of Durham.” And so ended the connection -of Kirkby with the See of the proud Bishops of Durham. On the extinction -of the Cromwell line these lands, in Tattershall, Tattershall Thorpe, -Kirkby, &c., would revert to the King. Henry VIII. granted Tattershall, -and doubtless the other possessions, to his mother Margaret, Countess of -Richmond; and in the following year entailed them on the Duke. On the -latter dying without issue, Henry granted a vast number of estates in -this, and other localities, to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. On the -death of two infant sons of the Duke, shortly after their father’s -decease, Edward VI. granted them to Edward, Lord Clinton, whose arms were -also among those formerly in the rectory windows. His descendant Edward -Earl of Lincoln, died without issue in 1692, when the properties passed -to his cousin Bridget, who married Hugh Fortescue, Esq.; whose son was -created Baron Fortescue, and Earl of Lincoln in 1740; and a large portion -of Kirkby is still the property of Lord Fortescue, who is Lord of the -Manor, other owners being the Clinton, Wilson, Ashton, Lely families, -Lockwood trustees, &c. - -By a similar process the lands formerly held by the Monks of Revesby, -were granted, on the dissolution, by Henry VIII. to his “well beloved and -dear kinsman,” the aforesaid Duke of Suffolk, Charles Brandon. Among -these are named lands in Tumby, Fulsby, Kirkby-on-Bain, &c., &c. From -the Brandons they passed to the great Lord Treasurer Burleigh, and then -to the Howards; then to the family of Sir Joseph Banks; and he, dying -without issue, left his estates divided among the families of Stanhope, -Sir H. Hawley, Bart., and Sir Edward Knatchbull, Bart. The present Sir -Henry M. Hawley, of Leybourne, Maidstone, Kent, is lord of the manor of -Tumby, including Fulsby, and resides at Tumby Lawn. Some of the land -belongs to the representatives of the late Right Honourable E. Stanhope, -H. Rogers, Esq., and smaller proprietors. The Fulsby Hall Farm, with the -watermill, was given in 1669 to the Grammar School at Brigg, by Sir John -Nelthorpe, the then proprietor; but most of this has been purchased in -late years by Sir Henry James Hawley; so that there now only remain some -70 acres, and the Fulsby watermill, connected with that school. - -Just outside the parish to the south-east is a large wood, now called -“Shire Wood”; but in a Revesby charter (No. 29), date Henry II., the name -is given as “Skire-wode”; which is Danish, connected with our words -“shear” to cut, and “shire” a division, and means the “boundary,” or -“dividing” wood. The same syllable occurs in the “Skir-beck” quarter of -Boston. In a smaller wood, in the west of the parish, called “Kirkby -Riddings” we have another relic of the Danes, as Mr. Streatfeild, in his -work “Lincolnshire and the Danes,” tells us, that in their language -“ridja” means to “clear away a wood.” We still speak of “ridding -ourselves” of anything, when we clear it away. The Kirkby Riddings, -doubtless tell of the “clearings” in those larger woods which we have -already mentioned as formerly existing here, wherein the Lords of the -demesne found their sport in the chase of the deer, the wild boar, and -other animals. {115a} Those “hardy Norsemen” were a tough race, and have -thus left their traces behind them. - -We have mentioned an Ayscough in connection with Kirkby; a daughter of -Sir Henry Ayscough having married Nicholas Cressy of Fulsby Hall. This -was a very old family, originally located in Yorkshire; the name having -probably been Akes-heugh, or Ake-shaw, _i.e._, Oak-wood; it afterwards -came to be spelt in a variety of ways, as Ayscough, Ayscoghe, Aiscough, -Askew, &c. - -They claimed descent from a Saxon thane, Thurstan “de Bosco,” and -“boscus” is Latin for “wood,” or “coppice.” This confirms the above -meaning. The heraldic device of the family was “three asses coughing” -(Guillim’s “Heraldry,” 1794), and the name, in some of their branches, is -still pronounced like Ass-_coff_ and not Ass-coe. They have been -distinguished in church, court, and camp, acquiring large property in -Lincolnshire, and allying themselves with some of our oldest families, -the Tailbois, Brandons, Hilyards, St. Pauls, Kymes, Clintons, Heneages, -Foljambes, Saviles, Boucheretts, &c. They gave to this county, what the -county may well be proud of, Anne Askew, who died at the stake, a Martyr -for the Protestant faith, at Smithfield, 16 July, 1546. {115b} A Walter -Ascoughe, and Henry his son, are named among those who succeeded to parts -of the former Revesby Abbey estates, when the Duke of Suffolk’s family -became extinct. (Dugdale’s “Baronage” ii., 300). And this family is -still established in various parts of the kingdom, the name surviving in -all ranks of life. Few families are without their humbler connections. -For instance, in the case of the parish with which we are now concerned, -we find in its former records a “Robert de Tumbi” who was a Bec, or a -Bernak, or a Cromwell, lord of many a manor, and also a “William de -Tumbi” who was a bondman of John Bec, lord of the manor, whose “body and -chattels,” the said John reserves to himself, while giving the land on -which the said William labours, to the Abbey of Kirkstead. (Charter of -John Bec. Harley, MS. 45, H. 13). - -So in modern times, the late lord of the manor of Tumby, Sir Henry James -Hawley, Bart., married, as his first wife, Miss Elizabeth Askew, in the -south of England, while, in a humbler sphere in life, we find a small -farmer, in the person of Mr. Thomas Askew, residing in Kirkby-on-Bain; an -illustration in a new sense of Shakespeare’s saying, “a touch of nature -makes the world akin” (“Troilus and Cressida” act. iii., sc. iii.) - -As these notes have now reached a considerable length, we will briefly -notice the Church of St. Mary, at Kirkby; and indeed, it barely deserves -more than a brief notice, as it has no claims to architectural beauty. - -We may well suppose, that, as at that other Kirkby, now known as -Pontefract, a fine church was once a feature of the locality, so it was -once the same here; but this is no longer the case. If those armorial -bearings which Gervase Holles saw in the rectory 250 years ago, were -originally in the church, as would seem probable, they would doubtless -embellish a fabric of some size and beauty. We can hardly imagine, that -the benefice, under the patronage of rich prelates like the Bishop of -Durham, in a parish also connected with important monasteries like those -of Kirkstead and Revesby, having also powerful landowners such as the -Becs, Willoughbys, Cromwells, and other “Lords of Tattershall” (where so -fine a collegiate church was provided by them), would have been left with -an unworthy church here. But whatever may have been its former merits, -of these there are no longer any traces. On the south side lies the -square base of a churchyard cross, shorn of its shaft, probably by the -reckless Puritans, who may also have demolished, as they often did, the -fine stained-glass windows, of which the armorial bearings, once in the -rectory, may likely enough have been remnants. Gervase Holles mentions -two monuments which were in the church in his time. Of these one was in -the chancel, having a quaint Latin inscription to the following effect:— - - Richard Lambard lies by this stone entombed; - Of this Church formerly Rector was he. - Who caused this Chancel to be newly built. - He presented a Missal, and other valuables. - On the 14th day of January he sought the stars, - In the 1450th year of our Lord. - To whom God grant eternal rest! Amen. - -On a flat slab, beside the above, was the following, also in Latin:— - - William Bulliar lies here entombed; - Of this church formerly Rector was he; - He caused a new Crucifix to be erected. - He presented a gradual {117a} and cross, and other valuables. - He died the 11th day of December, 1510. - -There was also apparently a window to his memory. - -Of a later Church, in a state of ruin, there was given an engraving in -the “Gentleman’s Magazine” of August 11, 1801, with brief account of the -church; a copy of which is in the possession of the present rector, the -Rev. R. Gathorne, M.A.; framed, in his study. {117b} In that later -edifice, the pulpit is said to have been a massive one, of stone. But -this, like the monuments given above, has disappeared. Of the present -church, built in 1802, the best we can say is that it is in the style -called “Debased Gothic.” The late rector, the Rev. C. F. R. Baylay, -rural dean, &c., put stone mullions, in place of wood, in the windows, in -1879; when the late bishop, Dr. Christopher Wordsworth, performed the -ceremony of re-opening the church on November 6th, as is recorded on a -brass tablet on the north wall of the nave. The church was, at the same -time, re-seated with open sittings of pitch-pine. The western gallery -was also then removed. Over the west door is a good painting of the -royal arms, of date 1712, with initials “A.R.” (Anne Regina). There is -a slab in the pavement of the nave at its east end, in memory of Rev. T. -Roe, formerly rector. The font is plain octagonal. The ceiling is flat, -of polished pitch-pine. There are three plain windows in the south wall -of the nave, and two in the north wall. The chancel is apsidal, with a -three-light window in the centre, and a small single-light window on each -side. The chancel arch is unusually low, and broad, out of proportion. -The only handsome thing in the church is the communion table, which is of -old oak, probably of the Caroline period, massive, and richly carved, -having a curious cupboard below the upper slab. It is, however, more fit -to be a chiffonier or dining room sideboard, than for its present use. -The church has accommodation for 212, which is amply sufficient, as the -once “Town” of Kirkby has been decreasing in population for many years. -The one bell hangs in an external small turret. The registers date from -1562. - -The present rectory is a commodious residence, built in 1827, at a cost -of £1,800. It stands in almost park-like grounds, with fine timber. The -village school was rebuilt in 1870, with residence for the teacher, and -was endowed by Richard Brocklesby with 33 acres of land in the parish of -Bicker. The poor have an interest in the almshouses of Sir Joseph Banks -at Reyesby; also a yearly dole of 5_s._, left by Martha Chamberlain. - -The poet Dyer, who was appointed rector of Coningsby, by Sir John -Heathcote in 1752, became rector of Kirkby in 1755, but presently -exchanged it for Belchford. He was the author of “Grongar Hill,” “The -Fleece,” and other poems of some merit, and was honoured in a -complimentary sonnet by Wordsworth, the Laureate. - -Another rector, the Rev. Willoughby West, extended his charity beyond his -own parish, since by will dated 30 January, 1690, he founded two -almshouses, for deserving poor persons, in the parish of -Langton-by-Horncastle, (he being one of the patrons of the benefice), -endowed with the rent of land purchased by him “from Geo. Langto of -Langto, Esq.” His burial is registered at Kirkby, 29 May, 1691, and that -of his wife, Mary Ester, “April ye 8th, 1690.” - -At “Leeds Gate,” to the south of this parish, in Coningsby, are two -fields, named “Gibbet close,” and “Gibbet nook close,” where probably -some offenders formerly expiated their misdeeds, under the stern hand of -the lord of the manor. {119} The name “Leeds gate,” given in old maps as -“Lidyate,” is probably a corruption of “Our Lady’s gate” (_i.e._ road); -there having been formerly a “Guild of the Virgin Mary,” connected with -Coningsby church. There are also two fields called “Over Coney Green,” -and “Low Coney Green,” which may have reference to the rabbit warren of -Tumby Chase, or to “the King’s Garth,” or inclosure, “Conig,” _i.e._ -King, also forming part of the name Coningsby. These field-names are -found in several other parishes. There are fields called “Otter Close,” -“Best Moor,” and “Worst Moor,” the not uncommon “Pingle” (or small -croft), “North Ings,” and “Tumby Ings,” these meaning well-watered -meadows. Another name, not easy to explain, though not uncommon, is -“Pry-close.” It occurs also in Woodhall and elsewhere. One -interpretation which has been suggested is that it may have marked the -place where watch was kept for game, or game-marauders, or like -“Toot-hill,” also found in the vicinity, it may have been a look-out for -cattle, strayed in the time of Fen floods. But another suggestion is -that it is a form of the old Norman “Pre,” a meadow, praie being a kind -of coarse grass. Near Northampton, there are “the verdant meads of de la -Pre,” and in Normandy there was a monastery of “De la Pre de Rouen,” -attached to the abbey of Bec, and the Norman Becs (as we have seen) were -connected with Kirkby and Tumby. There is a “Pry-farm,” in Wiltshire. -What is now only Fulsby mill, in this parish, was formerly and within -living memory also, a public-house, rejoicing in the name of “The Jolly -Sailor.” Here, after the murder of Stennet Jeffery, in “the Wilderness” -of Whitehall Wood, on June 22, 1822, the murderers, who belonged to -Coningsby Moor, stopped for refreshment. They were said to be “bankers,” -_i.e._ navvies, whose chief employment was digging drains, repairing -their banks, &c.; while employed on the Horncastle canal near at hand, -they had doubtless frequented the house before. They were usually rough -and even violent characters, and it is said that Mrs. Copping, the -landlady of the Inn, was aware of their guilt, but too much afraid of -them to mention it. After their visit, some blood-stained clothing was -found concealed in a hedge hard by. Two of these men were convicted of -the murder and transported for life. (See “Records of Woodhall Spa,” by -J. Conway Walter, pp. 16, 17.) - -Geologically, Kirkby has some interest; parts of the parish are on the -blue clay, with ammonites and other fossils, while there is also a -stratum of fine gravel, termed the “Bain terraces,” in which teeth of the -“elephas primi-genius” have been found. (“Government Geolog. Survey,” -Lincoln, 1888, pp. 161, &c.) - -To the ornithologist and entomologist its interest would seem to be -increasing. The abandonment of the Horncastle canal, which runs through -this parish, is making it a sort of sanctuary where the coot, the -moorhen, the dab-chick, and the mallard resort; the green sand-piper may -be seen, skimming the water, or the king-fisher darting into the -shallows, and the heron, which nests in the adjacent woods, stands like a -silent sentinel on one leg, by its pools, on the watch for its finny -prey. On the reedy banks of the fast silting-up canal, it would hardly -be surprising if that rarity among butterflies, the swallow-tail, which -over-drainage has driven from its former haunts, should once more -re-appear. But we have said enough about Kirkby, and more than exceeded -the measure of space allowed us. - - - -KIRKBY, EAST. - - -East Kirkby is situated just below the steep slope of the Wolds, near -their southern extremity, between 7 and 8 miles south south-east of -Horncastle, 6 miles south-west from Spilsby, and 9 miles north-east from -Tattershall. From Horncastle it is approached _viâ_ Scrivelsby and -Moorby. It is contiguous, on the east, to Revesby. - -This in one of the 220 odd parishes in the county which possessed a -church before the Norman Conquest. At that period it seems to have been -united with Revesby, since in Domesday Book (1080–86) “Cherchebi” and -“Resuesbi” are given together, and it is stated that “the whole manor and -all that belongs thereto is six miles long, and six miles broad.” There -are 12 carucates (or 1440 acres) rateable to gelt (_i.e._, 2_s._ to the -carucate); and the same extent of arable land (or 2,880 acres in all); -with (in Saxon times), 54 socmen, and 14 villeins. The great Norman -Noble, Ivo Taillebois, Chief of the Angevine troops of the Conqueror, was -lord of this manor, through his marriage with the wealthy Saxon, Lady -Lucia, heiress of the Thorolds. On his death early in life—a death not -regretted by her, for the marriage had been forced upon her by the -Conqueror—she re-married, with hardly a decent delay, Roger de Romara, -about 1093; and by him had a son, William de Romara, who was created Earl -of Lincoln. This William founded Revesby Abbey in 1142, and, by an -interchange of lands, while retaining Revesby, Moorby, Wilksby, &c., as a -compact property, he separated East Kirkby as a distinct domain. Among -those with whom exchanges were effected was one Ivo, a priest, who held a -church at Thoresby, probably standing on the site of the present Revesby -church. In lieu of this, the Earl gave to Ivo the church of East Kirkby -with its appurtenances, and a toft near the churchyard. In the 13th -century, the family of de la Launde (represented, down to recent times, -by the Kings, of Ashby de la Laund, near Sleaford) were manorial lords -{121} of East Kirkby, while the Earls of Exeter (as shewn in Notes on -Revesby, &c.) had the manor of Thoresby and Revesby, &c. East Kirkby, as -well as Revesby, was in the soke of Old Bolingbroke, and, as parts of the -Duchy of Lancaster, the Sovereign would be the superior lord of the -various manors in that soke, or “Honour,” as it was named, as being -connected with royalty. Accordingly, in 1604, we find that Sir V. -Skinner, of Bolingbroke, was appointed by the crown keeper of Kirkby -Park, the site of which is still shown on old maps; and, according to -“Liber Regis,” in 1762 the Sovereign presented to the benefice, although, -by some arrangement, William Ellis, Esq., had presented in 1719. The -manor now belongs to R. Maidens, Esq., and Dr. T. Robinson, but most of -the soil belongs to the Stanhope or Coltman families, the patronage of -the benefice being in the hands of the former. - -Among the Revesby charters and deeds, printed by the late Rt. Hon. E. -Stanhope, is one (No. 27) of Alan Smerehorn, of East Kirkby, dated 1165, -by which he gives a watermill and premises to the Abbots of Revesby, with -the right to draw water through his land, from Bolingbroke to Kirkby; the -Abbey thus being supplied with water. {122} He also, by another deed -(No. 28), conveys to the Abbey his rights in certain lands in Kirkby, -undertaking all claims and services due to the King, in return for which -the Revesby Monks confirm to him certain rights in Hagnaby. - -By a deed of the same period, Alan, son of Walter of Kirkby, gives his -feudal rights, in certain lands in Kirkby, to the monks, with lands in -Hagnaby and Engcroft in Stickford, free of all claims from the King. - -A charter of Richard I. (“Dugdale,” v. 456) confirms to the Monks of -Revesby, among other possessions, 620 acres of land in E. Kirkby, and -part of Kirkby Wood, along the road called “Swinistigate” (No. 40 B). -N.B.—There is still a Swinecote in Revesby. Various other deeds assign -to the monks lands given by William son of Ivo, of Kirkby (No. 43); by -Alan son of Walter of Kirkby (No. 45); by Lucy widow of Walter Faber, of -Kirkby (a “Smith?”) a meadow, “to decorate and strew the monk’s choir.” -(No. 56). While Henry Smerehorn gives to them his “servant Robert, son -of Colsvan, with all his chattels” (No. 53); and Alan Smerehorn, of -Kirkby, gives a plot “ad portam josep.” (at the Joseph gate), among -several others, taking on himself all claims to the king or others (No. -58). The seal of Smerehorn is a round one with the device, a man blowing -a horn. Gaufrid, son of Alan Buche, of Kirkby, gives land in E. Kirkby -specially as “gate alms” for the poor (No. 68); the same Gaufrid also -confirming the gift made by his brother Walter, of a meadow in Goutscroft -(No. 70). N.B.—“Gout,” or, writ fully, “go-out,” means a spring issuing -from a hill side, of which there are many on the Wold slopes -(Streatfeild, “Lincolnshire and the Danes,” p. 174). {123a} Alan de -Cuilter, of Kirkby, among other lands, gives a place (placeam) called -“gayres” (No. 101); gaire meaning a triangular plot which requires -ploughing a different way to the rest of the ground. {123b} A meadow in -Kirkby is given by Nicholas son of Roger, of Miningsby, towards -maintaining “the light before the image of St. Nicholas in Kirkby Church, -every St. Nicholas’ day.” (No. 119). - -There are other deeds connected with East Kirkby, but these are typical. - -We give here some other records connected with East Kirkby, which are of -more or less interest, taken from “Lincolnshire Wills.” - -William Saltfletby, alias Massenge {123c} of “Kirkby juxta Bolingbroke,” -by his will, dated 3 January, 1443, requests that he may be buried in -Kirkby Church; and leaves money to the church, as well as to the Church -of St. Peter in Eastgate, Lincoln; also to his daughter, his wife, and -her daughter, certain lands in Kirkby, Miningsby, and West Kele; and his -house opposite the Church of St. Peter, Eastgate, “called the Gryffin.” -The witnesses are Robt. Drydyke, Vicar of Kirkby (N.B.—The place-name -Drysykes occurs in Salmonby); John Cokeryll, chaplain of the same; and -Hugh Wellys, clerk. - -Richard Skepper, of East Kirkby, by will dated 26 May, 1556, requests to -be buried in the church; and leaves to his sons, Thomas, George, and -Edward, and daughters, Bridget and Anne, his copyholds in Kirkby, -Miningsby, Bolingbroke, Waynflete, Irby, Thorpe, and Friskney. N.B.—This -was a family from Durham. - -John Ballet, parson of Nether Toynton, by his will, of 17 April, 1558, -leaves his “gown, that the Bishop of Ely gave him,” to Mr. Goodryke, of -Kirkby {123d} and a gold ring; he also leaves money to repair the roads -between Fulletby and Horncastle. - -Connected with the Goodricks, by marriage, were the Littleburies, -descended as is shown elsewhere {124a} from a very ancient knightly -family, originally seated in south Lincolnshire, and hence we find the -following will of Humphrey Littlebury, of East Kirkby, dated 1 Sep., -1568, by which he leaves all his lands in Hagworthingham to his son John, -who is to pay to his brother Edward xxli a year “for his _exhibition_,” -{124b} during the widow’s lifetime; the annuity to cease when the said -Edward becomes a “counsaler,” and able to provide for himself. He -bequeaths his lands in Hareby, East Keal, Keal Cotes, and Raithby, to his -daughter Ann, “if she will be ordered by her friends, Sir John Kersey and -John Littlebury,” and if she will not, then “never a penny.” It would -rather appear, from this testamentary provision, that the said daughter -Ann was somewhat of a wilful “hussy.” Sir John Kersey would be one of -the family who came in for a share of the Revesby estates after the -extinction of the direct line of the Dukes of Suffolk. To his daughter -Dorothy he leaves “one hundred marks” with a like proviso. To his son -John he leaves a “ring with the seal,” _i.e._, the family signet; also -“one silver salt, vi. silver spoons, 1 silver goblet, gilt, a flat silver -piece, and 1 of my silver pots I bought in London.” Reference is then -made to an Inventory of Lyon Goodricke, deceased, which was bequeathed to -testator’s wife, Winifred, and Edward Goodricke, her son. The testator -had married (1) Ursula, co-heir of Sir John Kersey, knt., of Grove, co. -Notts, and (2) Winifred, daughter of Henry Sapcote {125a} of Lincoln, and -widow of Lyon Goodricke, of East Kirkby. - -We have noticed, above, a Richard Skepper, of East Kirkby, whose will was -dated 26 May, 1556. We find later, the will of George Skeeper, of -Boston, evidently the same name, of date 28 Sep., 1606, in which he -desires to be buried “in ye parish church of East Kirkby.” The name -still survives in this neighbourhood. - -Another name still occupying a position in the county is that of Booth, -and we find that William Booth, of East Kirkby, by will dated 31 Oct., -1584, left property to his brother George’s children in Cheshire, to his -brother Edward’s children, of Rand, to George Booth of Thorpe, and to -Thomas Booth, his brother’s son; appointing as his executors, Sir Thomas -Scales and John Scales, his sons-in-law. - -We have named, above, Edward Goodrick, of East Kirkby. He died in 1615, -and by his will, of 16 August in that year, he left the bulk of his -property to his son Lyon, but £35 from lands in Suffolk to his daughter -Washbourne, besides £400, in the hands of Sir Thomas Jenney, as her -portion; “a best bed” to another daughter; and “bedsteads of those in -Suffolk,” to four other daughters, all married, “2 Jacobuses to each as a -token of my love.” Small sums are bequeathed to his cousin, Richard -Palfreyman, {125b} and his godson, Nathaniel Palfreyman; to his servant -John Tupholme 20s. besides his wages 13s. 4d. His “grandson John -Godricke to have the manor of Stickney when 22 years old,” and his cousin -Richard Palfreyman to have it meanwhile; paying “a penny a year to Lyon -Godricke.” The will was proved at Horncastle by Lyon Goodrick and -Richard Palfreyman, 25 Oct., 1615. - -A name which we cannot omit to notice in connection with East Kirkby is -that of Silkstone; there being a monumental slab in the parish church of -Robert de Silkeston, who died in 1347. Among 14 documents in the -possession of Porter Wilson, Esq., of Louth, this Robert is a principal -party in 13 of them; by which lands are conveyed to him by Ranulphus, son -of Baldwin de Thorpe, in Ireby; by Robert, son of Philip de Kirkeby, in -Kirkby; by Walter de Kirkby, in Kirkby; by Hugo de Hatton, lands in -Kirkby; by Walter, son of Robert de Langena, lands in Kirkby; Robert, son -of Adam Pertrich, of Bolingbroke; Alan, son of Walter de Kirkeby, and -William, son of Henry de Kirkeby, give him other lands in Kirkeby; -Beatrice, widow of William Wriht, of Miningsby, gives him lands in -Miningsby; John de Waynflet gives him lands in that parish; and Robert de -Swylington, Thomas de Marketon, Rector of Hareby, and Robert de -Miningsby, chaplain, grant to him lands in “Kirkby, Winthorpe, Thorp, -Waynflet, Irby, ffriseby (Firsby), Boston, Leek, Wrangel, Stepying, -frrisseneye (Friskney), Bolynbrok, and Menyngesby,” by Deed, given at -Kirkebi, 26 Dec., 29 Ed. III. (1355). Robert de Silkeston thus became a -proprietor of large estates. At a later period Sir Robert Sylkeston had -issue Alicia, who was “maryed to Robert Grynne.” {126} A large portion -of the property passed to that family, and through them to the Skeppers -already mentioned; and from them, by marriage, to the Loddingtons; one of -whom, Thomas Loddington, was Vicar of Horncastle in the early years of -the 18th century; his name being on one of the church bells with date -1717. - -Sir John Browne, knight, resided here for several years, holding lands in -East Kirkby, conveyed to him by Lionel Goodrick in 1616, and on a dispute -arising between him and the Skeppers, already mentioned, an agreement was -made, 20 May, 1619, by which Sir John granted to Richard Skepper certain -property, for 2,000 years, at a peppercorn rent, Richard Skepper in -return granting to Sir John, other lands for a like term and -consideration. (Mr. R. W. Goulding, “Linc. N & Q.,” vol. v. p. 75). - -Some of these lands were known as Bonthelandes, (Boothlands), West-wang, -Wayteclif, Bulgaire, Inge-croft, Langemer-dayles, Goutscroft, &c. - -Sir John Browne was 2nd son of Sir Valentine Browne, of Croft, “Treasurer -and Vittler of Barwicke, and Treasurer of Ireland in ye raigne of Queen -Elizabeth,” who married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Monson, of South -Carlton, ancestor of Lord Oxenbridge. Sir John Browne was “Sergant to -King James in his privy chamber.” He married (1) Cicely, daughter of -William Kirkman, Esq., of Easter Keale, who only lived 20 weeks after -marriage; and (2), Francis, daughter of Richard Herbert, Esq., of -Montgomerie Castle. She was youngest sister of George Herbert, who wrote -the well-known poem, “The Country Parson,” and of Edward, Lord Herbert of -Cherbury, who was so prominent a figure in the time of Charles I. They -were nearly related to the Pembroke family, and descended from Sir -Richard Herbert of Edwd. IV.’s time. There is an elaborate altar tomb in -Croft church, with effigies of Sir Valentine and his lady above; and of -their eight sons and seven daughters on the panels below. Beside this is -an equally elaborate monument of Sir John and his 2nd wife. (“Arcitect. -S. Journal,” vol. viii. pp. 70, 71). - -Another family, with a good old Saxon name, connected with East Kirkby, -were the Elands (Ea-land or Eyland), representatives of whom have lived -in this parish within quite recent times; the last of them being William -Fawcett Ealand residing at the High Hall in 1860–70. The name means -Island-land, or water land. {127a} Sir William de Eland was constable of -Nottingham castle in 1330, and M.P. for the county in 1333 (Baily’s -“Annals,” vol. i. p. 223). They possessed the “Honour of Peverel.” In -Baumber church there is a slab of John Ealand (obiit 1463) and his two -wives, in the north aisle. {127b} A branch of the family resided at -Raithby near Louth. Toward the close of the 16th century, one of them -resided at Cawkwell, and had that manor and the advowson of the benefice. -{128} Others had estates, and lived at various places in Yorkshire. - -In the latter part of the 17th century another family, the Webberley’s of -Addlethorpe, resided at East Kirkby. They intermarried with the Amcotts -family, now represented by Colonel Cracroft Amcotts, of Hackthorne Hall, -Lincoln. John Webberly, who was born here, was a strong partizan of -Charles I., in his contentions with the Parliament. He did not die for -his King on the field of battle like his compatriot Hallam, possibly of -Bolingbroke (see “Notes” on Bolingbroke); but his support of the King, -and his religious opinions (Socinian), subjected him to persecution, and, -in 1648, to much suffering from imprisonment. He was afterwards expelled -from Lincoln College, Oxford. (Weir’s History, Ed. 1828, vol. i. p. -415). - -The church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is pronounced by Mr. Jeans to be -“one of the most interesting in this district, though sadly patched with -brick, and defaced with ugly windows.” It is no longer used for -services, a small modern church having been recently erected more -conveniently near the village. The varied colouring of the edifice, from -the combination of grey-green crumbling sandstone, with the red tone of -the bricks, surrounded as it is also by lofty trees, render it a pleasing -study for the artist, but its decayed condition inspires the fear that, -unless tenderly dealt with, this interesting relic, may soon go to decay. -It is to be hoped in the interest of archæology that this may be averted. - -The original Saxon church was mostly replaced by a later fabric, but now -ancient, of the 14th century. It consists of nave, aisles, chancel and -tower, having two bells; this tower probably dating from early in the -13th century, occupies an unusual position, being attached to the south -aisle towards the west end of it. Its lower storey forms a groined -porch, having a head of the Saviour, rather rudely carved, as the central -top of the vault. It has some early features, especially the window in -its eastern face, but, we quote the late Precentor Venables, in a -description given by him on the visit of the Architectural Society in -1894. Like the rest of the fabric, it has been patched and repaired at -various periods, and most of the remains are debased. The battlemented -upper storey is Perpendicular, the fabric generally being Decorated, of -the 14th century. Of the windows, however, there are few surviving of -that period, the west being the most noticeable. It is of two lights, -beautifully designed, the mask heads of the hood moulding being remnants -of an earlier style. The side windows, both of nave and chancel, were -square-headed. One remains, to the west of the tower, portions of others -remaining among modern degradations. The eastern windows of both aisles -have flamboyant tracery, but now blocked and partly destroyed. The -blocked arch of an entrance to a north chantry which has been removed, is -seen in the north aisle wall. It must have been filled in at an early -date, as the window inserted is of the Tudor period. The piscina of this -chantry altar, with a square basin, is still to be seen outside the -church. In the north wall of the chancel, a small two-light window is -worth attention as an excellent example of the purest Decorated. The -south chancel wall has three-light windows, with segmental heads and -super-mullioned tracery of Perpendicular date; one of these has been -removed to form a poor east window, in place of a good 14th century -window, destroyed a few years ago. The eastern gable is surmounted by a -good cross and saddle stone. The windows of the south aisle are of the -meanest type. There is an arcade of four bays, with Decorated arches -supported on very slender octagonal piers, which are too tall and -slender, and which drive up the arches too high. The moulded brackets -which serve as responds, being elaborately moulded, deserve notice. The -roofs are very poor, being of a later period; one of the beams bears the -date 1583. The chancel arch has been decapitated and blocked by -boarding, but the rood-screen below is an unusually good specimen of -Perpendicular. It has five bays, the centre being double the width of -the others, and having still its panelled doors. It is 12ft. 4in. wide, -and nearly 18ft. high. {129} (Dr. Mansel Sympson, “Architect. S. -Journ.,” 1890, p. 209). - -Parts of the parclose which formerly enclosed the chantries at the ends -of the aisles, still remain. The Silkstone chantry on the south retains -its decorated trefoil piscina. - -In the floor of the south aisle is an incised slab, commemorative of Sir -Robert Silkstone, the builder of the chantry and church. The late Bishop -Trollope’s rendering of the Latin inscription, which is somewhat defaced, -the slab being broken into four pieces, is as follows:—“Here is buried -Sir Robert Silkstone. He erected this church and chantry. He departed -hence in 1347, and on the 14th of June lost his life. To whom may God -ever grant rest in Heaven. Amen.” The tradition is that he died an -untimely death, if not by his own hand. (“Linc. N. & Q.,” 1896, p. 50). - -The old oak seating remains at the west end, and there are fragments, -scattered about, of other screen-work. In the north wall of the chancel -is a narrow trefoil-headed recess, thought by some to be an Easter -sepulchre; it has a curious carved panel, with three kneeling figures, -supposed to be the three Maries, each holding a heart. The recess is an -aumbrey, intended for the Host. The projecting basin, which Mr. Bloxam -thought was a receptacle for “creeping silver,” is a piscina and the -so-called carved “hearts” are boxes for spice. This portion of the -service of the Mass is referred to by Barnaby Googe (1570), in the -lines:— - - “While frankincense and sweet perfume - Before the shrine they burn.” - -The font is a good sample of Perpendicular, having a panelled octagonal -bowl, supported on a panelled shaft, standing on a platform of steps; the -panels contain heads and flowers. There are fragments of old stained -glass scattered about the windows, and old encaustic tiles in the floor. -A St. Edmund’s penny was found some years ago on the north side of the -church, which the late Vicar, the Rev. G. Maughan, pronounced to have -been issued before A.D. 905. Not far distant, in the year 1899, on some -cottages being pulled down, there were found some fragments of dog-tooth -pattern, and portions of columns and capitals, which are supposed to have -come originally from Revesby; these are now in the garden of Mr. T. -Coltman, at Hagnaby Priory. - -The chantry on the north side of the church formerly existing, was called -the Jesus Chapel. Here was buried William Goodrick, father of the Bishop -of Ely, at his own request, by his will dated 20 March, 1517, to be -buried “in the chapell of Jhus in my p’ysh church of Saint Nicholas.” -{131} “On the viij. Kal. Nov., 1344, Robert de Silkestone presented” -Thomas West, of Mucton, priest, to this chantry (then newly founded), and -on Kal. June 1346, he presented “Rob., son of John Fowler, of Mithingsby, -priest, to the same chantry.” (“Linc. N. & Q,” 1896, p. 51, note). - - - -LUSBY. - - -Lusby (called in Domesday Book Lodeby and Luzebi), is distant from -Horncastle about 6 miles, in an easterly direction, being 1 mile beyond -Winceby. Prior to the Norman Conquest, the Saxon Thane, Tonna, held -lands here, as well as in other parishes in the neighbourhood, his -property here being 3 carucates, or about 360 acres (Domesday). Other -owners of land were Almer, and his brother John, and his son Mauger. -These, at the Conquest, were mostly superseded by Normans. William the -Conqueror gave to his nephew Gilbert de Gaunt, son of Baldwin, Earl of -Flanders, whose sister was William’s Consort, 113 Manors in Lincolnshire, -besides several in other counties, among them being Lusby, the adjoining -Hagworthingham, and Grantham (Greetham), &c. The property would seem, -however, to have been only held by the Gaunts for three generations. In -1223 we find Simon de Kyme instituting a suit in the King’s Court to -recover certain lands in Lusby, as being the descendant and lawful -representative and heir of the aforesaid Almar. He failed, however, to -establish his case. (Curia Regis, Roll No. 82, Hilary, 7 Henry III.) He -still, however, held lands in Langton and Sausthorpe; and he must also -have had other lands in Lusby, as we find that in the 9th year of King -John he granted the fee of 1 knight to Walter de Bec, “to have and to -hold of the same Simon and his heirs for ever.” - -The superior lord, however, of all these parties, would seem to have been -the Bishop of Durham, a powerful and wealthy prelate. Early in the 12th -century (circa 1114) we find that Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, held in -chief, lands in Lusby, and several other parishes in the neighbourhood, -and one Pinson was tenant under him at Lusby, holding by the service of -acting as the bishop’s bailiff. Whether this Pinson was the same as -Pinso, sworn brother in arms of Eudo, the Norman lord of Tattershall, is -not clear; but it seems likely, as the Bishop of Durham, his over-lord, -also held lands in Tattershall. (N.B.—The author of “The History of -Spilsby,” Rev. H. Cotton-Smith, says that he was; p. 24). But through -the Pinsons, Lusby, Winceby, and other manors passed to another family, -already named, which for some time held an important position in the -county, the Beks or Becs. There is some confusion in the different -records of the earlier generations of this family. Walter de Bek was the -scion of a family of Norman blood, whose ancestor, according to Sir -William Dugdale in his “Baronage,” had “a faire inheritance in Flanders,” -but came over with the Conqueror. This Walter de Bec married Agnes, -daughter of Hugh Pinson, the steward, and had by her five sons, Hugh, -Henry, Walter, John, and Thomas. Of these, Henry succeeded to the manors -of Eresby, Spilsby, Scrivelsby, and Wispington; and Walter became “Lord -of Lusceby, Wynceby, Neuton (_i.e._ Wold Newton) and ffoulstow -(Fulstow).” (Lansdown MSS. 207, cf., 453). The Becs were a family of -great influence. Of two brothers, one, Anthony, was Bishop of Durham, -the other, Thomas, was Bishop of St. David’s, and another Anthony, was -Bishop of Norwich, his brother being Bishop of Lincoln, in days when -Bishops were statesmen and even soldiers, as well as proud prelates. -Walter was Constable of the Castle of Lincoln (Harleyan MSS, f. 23). - -In the old documents called “Final Concords,” p. 80., under date “17 May, -A.D. 1208,” we find Walter Bec, named as “tenant of one knight’s fee in -Lusceby.” In 1300 A.D. Sir John Bek, like his father, was Constable of -Lincoln Castle, but also holding the additional office of Constable of -Bristol. He made a grant to the Priory of Bullington, near Wragby, which -is worthy of notice, as its terms are peculiar. It runs as follows:—“I, -John son of Walter Beck, of Lusceby, have granted, &c., for ever to prior -and convent of Bolington, for the safety of my soul, and the souls of my -ancestors, two selions of land, &c., which formerly, Simon, merchant of -Burgh, held of me for one pair of white gloves.” We have mention, in the -case of High Toynton, of land, held by the tenure of a pair of spurs, -presented annually to the lord, as rent; here we have a no less singular -tenure, by the gift of a pair of gloves. The knightly gauntlet was -probably in those days a more costly article than a nineteenth or -twentieth century glove. In illustration of the above peculiar tenure, -we may notice the legacy of Baron Bec’s “gauntlets” to Kirkstead. This -John, son of Walter, was created first Baron Bec of Eresby; he obtained a -license to fortify his castle at Eresby, 1295. By his will, dated July -20, 1301, he ordered his body to be buried at Kirkstead, whereunto he -gives his best horse, his mail coat, “gauntlets,” harness of iron, lance, -targe and other accoutrements. His daughter married Sir William -Willoughby. - -Most of the property of the Lusby Beks passed, a generation or two later, -to another branch of the family, the Becks of Eresby; whose descendant, -John Willoughby, through the marriage of Baron Bec’s daughter to Sir -William Willoughby, in the reign of Edwd. III., held the manors of -“Hareby, Lusceby, Ester Kele, Wester Kele,” &c.; and thus the property -passed to the ancestors of the present Earl of Ancaster, and Lord -Willoughby d’ Eresby. We still, however, find (by Feet of Fines, -Lincoln, file 69) that in A.D. 1302, John Bek had “the rent of 6 quarters -of salt, {133} in Wispington, Marton next Horncastle, Langtone, -Wodehalle, Thymelby, Scrivelsby,” and other parishes, “with advowson of -the church of Wispington.” “Henry Bek, of Pusseby (Lusby), sold to Lord -Stephen de Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, lands and tenement in -ffowlestow; which same bishop gave the said manor to Beatrice, his -sister, who was married to Alan de Normanby.” (Lansdowne MSS. 207, cf., -453). For these details of the Becks, I am chiefly indebted to a paper, -by Rev. W. O. Massingberd, in the “Architect. Soc. Journal,” for 1897. - -To show that the Becs were not confined to the neighbourhood of Eresby -and Lusby, I may mention that, not only are their armorial quarterings -found, as was to be expected, in Spilsby church, but according to Gervase -Holles’ “Notes on Churches,” they formerly existed in windows in the -churches of Coningsby and Langton-by-Horncastle, and probably many -others. (Harleyan MSS., 6829.) - -Of later proprietors of Lusby, I am not able to give any, except that, in -a List (given in the Melbourne Hall MSS.) of Gentry, of the 16th century, -who furnished launces and light horses, when the country was preparing to -give a warm reception to the expected Spanish Armada, I find that Mr. -Palfreyman of Lusby, gent., attended the muster at the Horncastle -Sessions in 1586, and furnished 1 launce and 1 light horse, when his -neighbour, Mr. Langton, of Langton, and Augustine Cavendish, of Orby, -furnished each 1 light horse, but no lance; John Littlebury of -Hagworthingham, furnishing 2 light horses and no lance. Mr. Maddison -explains that this Mr. Palfreyman would be a descendant of William -Palfreyman, who was Mayor of Lincoln in 1536. (“Arch. Soc. Journ.” 1894, -pp. 214, 220). - -In Liber Regis we also find the names of those who presented to the -benefice, and therefore were in some way connected with the place; George -Davenport in 1699, Carr Brackenbury in 1720, and Robert Carr Brackenbury -in 1780. In recent times the bishops of Lincoln seem to have inherited -the position formerly held by the bishops of Durham, as owners of the -soil and lords of the manor; and these are now in the hands of the -Ecclesiastical Commissions. - -We now come to speak of the church, dedicated to St. Peter. At the date -of Domesday Book, this was one of the 222 parishes in the county which -possessed a church. A priest is also there named, doubtless one of the -131 only resident presbyters in the county; many of the churches being -served by the “Religious” of the convents. There is also mention of a -mill, worth 3_s._ yearly. {135} - -There was thus at Lusby a church at that early period, and it, as well as -Winceby, paid a pension to the Bardney Monastery, probably through the -connection with Gilbert de Gaunt, that Norman noble being one of -Bardney’s most generous patrons, and the re-founder of that institution -after it had been in a state of decay for some 200 years. Ecton’s -Thesaurus gives the pension as 30_s._, a fairly large sum in those days. - -The present very interesting church is, in parts, so very ancient, that -it is more than likely that some portions of the original fabric of that -day still remain. Only a few years ago the building was in a state of -squalid neglect and architectural disfigurement; but it was restored by -the Commissioners in 1892, and re-opened by the Bishop of Lincoln on -January 17, 1893, the work having been done with great care and judgment; -and the former flat-ceiled, white-washed room has given place to a -structure church-like in all its arrangements. It is nevertheless of a -somewhat conglomerate character, windows, and other objects, breaking -out, as it were, in all sorts of unexpected positions; and thus making it -a study of curiosities. We quote here some of the remarks of the late -Precentor Venables made on the occasion of the visit of the Architectural -Society in 1894, “of the original Norman fabric, itself of more than one -date, and which was shortened at the west end, there are several relics, -especially in the charming narrow doorway in the north wall of the nave, -now built up, the arch of which is surrounded with zigzag moulding; and a -very remarkable little ‘key-hole’ window, high up in the north wall of -the chancel. An incised line which runs round the head of this ends in -volutes, and above it is a small incised cross. Holes in the jamb of the -shutter indicate that this widow was originally unglazed. Opposite the -north doorway are traces of another Norman doorway in the south wall, -also now blocked, having above it a cross with round medallions.” -Eastward in this same south wall of the nave is a two-light early English -window with quatrefoil above, in the eastern splay of which, inside the -church, is a small, but “singularly fine corbel head, crowned.” -Immediately eastward of the chancel arch in the south wall of the chancel -is a small square window, possibly a squint; and east of this a very -narrow small “lancet window has been opened,” and still east of this, at -a different elevation, there is a good two-light decorated window. The -chancel arch is round-headed and plain; on either side of it are a pair -of Norman pillars, with the capitals hacked away; those on the north side -partly retain their rounded columns. There is a perpendicular screen -across the chancel arch of three compartments above with ogee arches and -richly carved finials, the central compartment being open; and below are -two panels on either side the central open compartment, having ogee -arches within semi-circular rims. On the north side of the chancel arch -is a niche for a figure. In the north wall of the chancel is an aumbrey, -and an oblong one above it; and in the south wall a square one -corresponding. In the south wall, under the easternmost window, is an -easter sepulchre a plain semi-circular arched recess, probably marking -the tomb of the founder. In the north wall of the nave is a similar, but -rather larger recess. The east window has three lights, quatrefoiled, -with trefoiled compartments above, and a quatrefoil above these. The -west door is square-headed with a low arch within; over this a -three-light quatrefoiled widow with square-headed moulding above; and -over this, in the gable, a square, slit widow, above which hangs the one -bell in a large turret. The font on the north side of the west door, is -modern, circular, massive, of Caen stone. The sittings are of deal; the -pulpit, lectern, and chancel sedilia, of modern oak; the roof throughout -of pitch pine. There is a small brass tablet of date circa 1600, with -eight English rhyming lines, forming a dialogue between a deceased wife -and her surviving husband. The stones of the walls are of all sizes and -shapes, and the massive western buttresses are 5ft. thick. The benefice, -a rectory, is now held with that of Hagworthingham, and is in the -incumbency of the Rev. G. R. Ekins, who resides at the latter place. - -Letters, _via_ Spilsby, arrive at 8 a.m., and are despatched at 5 p.m. - -ASGARBY, which is ecclesiastically annexed to the benefice of Lusby, lies -about six miles south-east of Horncastle, being about a mile south by -east of Winceby, by which it is reached from Horncastle, and about a mile -west of Lusby. Letters, via Spilsby, arrive at 8.30 a.m. The nearest -money order office is at Old Bolingbroke, and the nearest telegraph -office at East Kirkby, about 5 miles distant. The whole parish comprises -about 760 acres, divided into two farms, the property of Ecclesiastical -Commissioners, and occupied respectively, Asgarby Hall farm by Mr. M. -Dunham, and the Asgarby House farm by Mr. W. H. Robinson, both these -residences being substantial structures of considerable age. It has been -asked “What’s in a name?” yet the name Asgarby would seem significant. -Its elements are “as” (or Aes), “gar” (guard or garth), {137} and “by”; -the first of these implying the presence of “water,” the second meaning, -“an enclosure”; and the third “a building”; thus we have, as the meaning -of the whole, “a water-enclosed building,” or moated residence. The hall -stands on an elevation, commanding an extensive view, and there are -various hollows and banks still existing, which probably indicate the -moat which at one time surrounded a more important building than the -present hall. This is confirmed by the stews, or fish-ponds, lying -westward below the hall, which imply that the establishment required an -extensive fish diet, on the numerous Romish fast days. The demesne is -given in Domesday Book, along with Hareby, Mavis Enderby, Raithby, and -many others, which became the property of Ivo Taillebois, by his marriage -with the Lady Lucia, daughter of the powerful Saxon Earl Alfgar, -father-in-law of King Harold. It probably passed at a later period to -the Bishops of Durham, who held many lordships in the neighbourhood; and -ultimately came to the Bishops of Lincoln, who were lords of the manor, -until the transference in 1862, of episcopal property to the -Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who have since that time, owned the estate. - -The Benefice, now worth £40 a year, is described in Liber Regis, as a -curacy. It, however, gives its name to a prebendal stall in Lincoln -Cathedral. The church, dedicated to St. Swithin, is an unpretending -structure, of no architectural merit; but since it was re-seated, with -deal fittings, in 1882, it has been kept, to say the least, in a neat -condition. It is doubtless one of the smallest parish churches in the -kingdom, the nave being slightly over 20ft. in length, and the chancel -about 9ft. The east window has two lights, in debased style. There is a -three-light debased window in the north wall, and a corresponding one in -the south wall. The pulpit is of modern oak. There is a tablet on the -south nave wall in memory of Sarah, wife of John Parkinson, “greatly -admired for her virtue, frugality, and charity,” who died 17 May, 1816; -also in memory of John Parkinson, her husband, who died May 15, 1821. - -In the north wall of the chancel is a memorial tablet of the Rev. W. -Ward, Incumbent, who died 26 Nov., 1846. The one bell hangs in a turret -over the west door. The register dates from 1575. Canon Oldfield, who -holds the benefice, with that of Lusby, is also Rector of Hagworthingham, -where he resides. Asgarby Benefice is now held with Lusby, by Rev. C. E. -Bolam. - - - -MININGSBY. - - -Miningsby is situated about 7 miles from Horncastle in a south-easterly -direction, and is approached by way of Mareham-on-the-Hill and -Hameringham. It is seven miles from Spilsby westward, and 9 miles -north-east of Tattershall Station. Letters, _via_ Boston, arrive at 9 -a.m. The nearest money order and telegraph office is at East Kirkby. - -In the time of the Conqueror, this manor belonged to his nephew, Ivo -Taillebois, through his marriage with the Lady Lucia, the rich heiress of -the Saxon Thorolds. It is stated in Domesday Book to comprise 6 -carucates of land rateable to gelt (_i.e._, 720 acres), worked by -thirty-six soke-men, eight villeins, and 4 bordars, who had also 40 acres -of meadow, {138} which is several acres in excess of the present -measurement. - -Miningsby was connected with Spalding Priory in the following manner. -That monastery was founded by Thorold de Buchenale (_i.e._, Bucknall, -near Horncastle), A.D. 952; and the Lady Lucia, his niece and heiress, in -conjunction with her husband Ivo Taillebois (who was Lord of Spalding), -added largely to the original endowment from her uncle. The churches of -Bolingbroke, Stickney, and other parishes, with “half the Church of East -Keal,” were given to the priory; also tithes from Claxby, Edlington, -Minting, Gautby, &c., and “temporalities” from Haltham, Bolingboke, -Miningsby, &c., the latter including two carucates (or 240 acres) of land -in Miningsby. On the Dissolution of the Monasteries, by Henry VIII., -several of these properties passed to the crown, and became connected -with the Duchy of Lancaster, and the “Honour of Bolingbroke.” We mention -in the Notes on Revesby, and other parishes, how those and other lands, -passed, through the Lady Lucia’s son (by her 2nd husband), William de -Romara, to the Abbey of Revesby, and at a later period to the Stanhopes, -and, by a parallel process, although through a distinct channel, the -Stanhopes are now lords of the manor of Miningsby, and own most of the -soil. - -Frequent mention is made of Miningsby in the ancient Revesby Abbey -charters. {139} By charters No. 1 B. and C., William de Romara conveys -to the abbey, 23 acres of land in Miningsby, as well as common pasture in -the same. Among the witnesses to the latter, is Baldric de Cheles, a -name still represented in the neighbourhood, by the family of the Rev. -Alan Cheales, rector of Friskney, and owner of land in Hagworthingham, -&c. By charter No. 7 C., Hugo Wac confirms to the Abbot of Revesby “two -oxgangs (or 30 acres) of land in Miningsby with right of pasturage and -the hermitage, which Ranulph the Monk made in Halton marsh.” This Hugo -Wac, would seem to be a representative of the ancient Lincolnshire Saxon -family of the Wakes, whose most distinguished member was “Hereward the -Wake,” lord of Bourne, the last hero of Anglo-Saxon independence, whose -“Camp of Refuge” for some time defied the Conqueror, and whose exploits -have been celebrated in prose and verse. By charter No. 39, Alan son of -Ranulph, of Miningsby, gives 2 perches of meadow in “Sud Bec” (south -beck) in Miningsby, free of all service and claims (temp. Henry II. or -Richard I.) We may mention here that this Miningsby beck is now the -chief feeder of the reservoir which furnishes Boston with its water -supply. By charter No. 40 B., Richard I. confirms to the monks of -Revesby certain lands and possessions in Miningsby, Kirkby, Claxby, -Mareham, &c. This is witnessed by Hubert Walter, Archbishop of -Canterbury, Robert de Harecourt and others. By No. 41, a plot of land in -Miningsby is given “for the use of the gate-monk, and for gate alms,” at -the abbey, by William, son of Roger de Bikinghesby (Wilksby?) temp. -Richard I. or John. By No. 59, William Helle, of Miningsby, gives the -right of pasturage for 60 sheep in Miningsby, free of all claim. By No. -63, William, son of Ivo, of Kirkby, gives land adjoining the place from -which the sand was taken for building Miningsby church, near -“Crosbesich.” By No. 115, William, son of John Barette, of Stickney, -residing at Miningsby, gives one perch of meadow, “for the maintenance of -two candles always burning in the Abbey Chapel.” (Date Henry III. or Ed. -I.) By No. 119, Nicholas, son of Roger Herod of Miningsby, gives “one -meadow, free of all claims,” and stipulates that “the monks shall pay -annually one penny towards maintaining the light before the image of St. -Nicholas, in Kirkby church, every St. Nicholas Day.” By No. 131, Alan of -Miningsby, gives “one selion, {140} and four akerheveds” of land in -Miningsby, in two places, called “Hankes” and “Claxby dale,” free of all -claim (date, Ed. I.) By charter No. 150 B., the King, Henry VIII., -grants to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, all rights and property, -hitherto belonging to the monastery of Revesby, in Miningsby, Moorby, -Wood Enderby, Wilksby, East Kirkby, and many other places, “having come -into our hands by reason of the dissolution of the said monastery.” The -Duke’s title is to date from March 1, in the 29th year of our reign, A.D. -1538. (British Museum, additional MSS. 24805, fol. 32). - -Among “Lincolnshire Wills,” we find Richard Skepper, of East Kirkby, in -his will, dated 26 May, 1556, mentioning among other land, which he -devises, certain copyhold lands in Miningsby. - -By will, dated 22 Dec. 1615, Robert Hustwait, of Great Grimsby, makes his -brother, Edward Hustwait, of Miningsbye, and his cousin, Tristram Smith, -of Awdbee Grange, supervisors, and gives them twenty shillings each. The -Husthwaites were above the yeoman class, but not important enough to -appear in the Visitations of the Heralds; they intermarried with the -Wrights of Grimsby and Smyths of Audby, and lived at Little Coates and -Bradley. - -By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 23 Henry VII., No. 78 (A.D. -1507–8), taken at Horncastle, Jan. 14th, John Parke of Mynyngesby, John -Skayman, of Mynyngesby, being among the jurors, it was shewn that Thomas, -the Abbott of Revesby, was entitled to hold from the King, among other -lands, 10 acres of arable land and 4 acres of meadow, called “Symondes -lands” in Mynyngesby (“Architect. S. Journal,” 1895, p. 59), -notwithstanding the Statute of Mortmain. - -By a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, file 68 (32), 30 Edw. I., Robert de Wylgheby -(Willoughby) granted to John Beek (Bec) certain lands in Hareby, Kyrkeby, -Bolyngbrok, Mythyggesby, &c., and “the advowsons of the churches of -Spillesby, Kyrkeby next Bolingbroke, and the Church of Toynton.” -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, p. 56.) - -Among the deeds connected with property in East Kirkby, now in the -possession of Porter Wilson, Esq., of Louth, is one, by which Beatrix, -wife of William Wriht of Mythingesby, quitclaims to Robert de Silkeston, -and Robert, son of Isabella Skells (Scales), all her right in the lands -and tenements in Mythingesby, which they held of the gift of the said -William her late husband. Given at Kyrkeby juxta Bolingbrok, on Thursday -next before the feast of St. Michael, 1 Edw. III. (A.D. 1327.) - -By another Deed, “Robert de Menynggesby, chaplain,” with “Thomas de -Marketon, Rector of Harreby,” and another, “give to Robert de Silkeston -of Kyrkeby,” certain lands “in Menyngesby, Kirkby, Bolynbrok, &c.” Given -at Kirkeby, 26 Dec., 29 Edw. III. (A.D. 1355.) - -Among charters of the Ipré family, it is shewn that Sir John de Ipré -acquired “lands in Est Kerkeby, Mithyngesby, &c., of Sir John de Nevill, -knight, Lord of Raby; which property descended to his son Thomas Ipré, -who granted the said lands for the use of Robert Grynne, and Richard -Grynne his son.” Date, 31 December, 1392. - -N.B.—Sir Robert Sylkeston, knyght, of Est Kyrkeby, had issue “Alicia -maryed unto Robert Grynne”; whose great great granddaughter “Audrya -maryed unto Ric. Skepper,” a member of the family already mentioned. -(“Linc. N.& Q,” v., pp. 73–4.) - -By a Deed, dated 19 May, 24 Henry VI. (1446), Henry the King orders that -certain rents for lands in Est Kirkby, Menyngesby, &c., which had been -unlawfully withheld by Alice Browne, shall be duly paid to John Grynne, -and Richard, his son, “they being at the time of acquisition, men (_i.e._ -bond-tenants) of our manor.” “Given under our seal of our Duchy of -Lancaster at our palace of Westminster.” (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. v. p. -89.) - -According to Liber Regis, there was formerly a charge of 1_s._ 6_d._ -annually on certain lands in Miningsby, towards the repairs of the church -windows. - -The Church, dedicated to St. Andrew, consists of nave, chancel and a -double bell-gable at the west end. It was restored at the expense of J. -Banks Stanhope, Esq., in 1878, when nearly the whole fabric was taken -down by the architect, the late Mr. James Fowler, of Louth, and carefully -reconstructed so as to preserve its most interesting features. The stone -then employed is already (1901) showing signs of decay. The south wall -of the nave retains portions of an earlier Norman building, viz., one -Norman window and a semi-circular headed doorway, set flush with the -wall, enclosing a later pointed arch, also set flush. {142a} The chancel -is early English, with lancet windows, in the east end and side walls; -there is also a lancet window in the north wall of the nave. There was -formerly a chantry in the north side of the church, the arch of which is -now blocked. In the west wall are two tall trefoil windows. The font is -perpendicular, with octagonal embattled bowl, supported by four columns -with square flowers in the capitals. The chancel is separated from the -nave by a good open rood screen, containing portions of the original. -The whole interior presents a well-ordered church appearance. {142b} The -object, however, of special interest here, is a so-called “Runic” stone, -covered with the involuted “knot,” or “figure of eight” pattern. Not -many years ago it formed the threshold of a door, but was rescued by the -Rev. G. Maughan, rector of East Kirkby, when he had charge of this -parish, who had it placed against the north wall of the chancel. It is -fortunately still in a very fair condition, with the exception of a -portion gone from one end, and a crack towards the other end. There are, -or were recently, two other specimens in the neighbourhood, one, a -fragment at Lusby, and the other at Mavis Enderby. The Lusby fragment is -said to have been Norman. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. iv. p. 225). That at -Mavis Enderby, now used as a church door step, and the pattern, -consequently much defaced, is, like this at Miningsby, said to be of -pre-Norman style, though not necessarily pre-Norman date. The former, -however, is coped, while the latter is flat. The Rev. G. Maughan -believed that there was another similar stone within the same chancel -wall, but, as that part of the fabric was not taken down by the -architect, it was not exposed to view. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. iii. p. -157.) The frill border of the Miningsby stone is decidedly Saxon in -character. It is 44 inches long, by 19½ wide, and 6in. thick. These -stones are specially interesting and far from common. Interlaced work -was an ancient Hittite ornament, as shewn in a seal, engraved in the -“Archæological Journal,” vol. xliv. p. 348. Specimens are found, -however, in Italy, Greece, France, as well as similar patterns in Saxon, -Lombardic, and Spanish MSS. The stones are more common in Ireland than -in England. Several are found like the Iona cross in Scotland, probably -imported from Ireland, by the missionaries of St. Columba. There is an -excellent sketch of the Miningsby stone, by the Rev. J. A. Penny, vicar -of Wispington, in “Lincolnshire Notes and Queries,” vol. iv., p. 225. - -After the Reformation, the earliest presentation which we find to this -benefice is that of William Clerke, by King Edward VI. (as Duke of -Lancaster); he was instituted as rector, 4, Edwd. VI., A.D. 1550–1. -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, p. 23.) - -Recent rectors have been the Rev. E. Repton, in the earlier years of the -century; the Rev. W. Nevins, later; and the Rev. H. Caukwell, appointed -in 1878. The register dates from 1688, earlier records being lost. The -children have a right to go to the free school of East Kirkby. - -There is a modern commodious house, occupied by the present rector, who -has 170 acres of glebe; but it is remarkable that about 100 acres of -glebe are missing; the award made by the commissioners in lieu of tithe -being largely in excess of the land now attached to the benefice. This -parish also contains about 100 acres of charity land belonging to -Stamford school. - - - -OXCOMBE. - - -This parish is situated about 7 miles, in a north-easterly direction from -Horncastle, and about the same distance south-west from Louth. It is -interesting to notice that in the name of this parish we have one of the -few survivals in the county of its former British inhabitants. The old -writer, William Camden, Clarenceaux King of Arms, in his “Remaines -concerning Britain,” p. 116, A.D. 1657, says “Combe, a word in use both -in France and England, for a valley between high hills.” It is, in fact, -the term still common in the south of England for a secluded valley, as -in such names as Pyecombe, in Sussex, a village nestling in a hollow at -the base of the south Downs; Combe Pyne, and Combe Martin, in Devonshire, -and many another similar name, as well as in the old Welsh (or British) -“cwm,” which occurs in many a name in Wales, of places situated in like -hill-locked positions. And this exactly describes the situation of -Oxcombe, a valley almost cup-shaped, surrounded by steep hills, the whole -parish now forming one estate, of something over 1,000 acres in extent, -lying in a ring fence. - -In Domesday Book it is also called Oxetune, in which the suffix “tune,” -or “ton,” is the later Saxon for inclosure, implying a secluded -farmstead, where some Saxon Thane’s cattle were housed. In that record -of the Norman Conqueror, of which the date for Lincolnshire is about 1085 -A.D., this parish is mentioned twice, once, as connected with the manor -of Fulletby, which was among the lands conferred by William the -Conqueror, on the Bishop of Durham, William de Karilepho, a Norman, who -was a favourite with that king, and was appointed by him Chief Justice of -England; and once among the possessions of the Norman noble, Hugh de -Abrinchis (or Avranches), who was nephew of the Conqueror, and, besides -being endowed by him with the Barony of the whole county of Chester, held -also nearly one hundred and fifty manors in this County and elsewhere. -He was surnamed Lupus or “The Wolf” (as has been stated in other of these -records) from the many deeds of violence, for which he was famed; and for -which he endeavoured to atone in the closing years of his somewhat -lawless life, by becoming a monk in the Abbey of St. Werberg, at Chester, -which he had himself founded. - -The part of this manor, held by the Bishop of Durham, was combined with -Fulletby, the adjoining parish westward, and was, under the Bishop, -farmed by socmen, or free tenants. The portion belonging to Lupus was -held by him, as in the soke of Farforth, another adjoining parish -eastward, and was also farmed by socmen. - -Hugh de Abrincis left one son, who succeeded to his estates; but, as we -have elsewhere observed, the tenure of land was, in those unsettled -times, very precarious, and we have evidence that lands in Oxcombe, at an -early date, passed into other hands. The land became in part the -property of Bullington Priory, which was an off-shoot of the Gilbertine -Priory, of Sempingham, famous for the severity of its monastic rules. -Bullington Priory was founded by Simon Fitzwilliam, {145a} in the reign -of Stephen, and endowed with various lands in the neighbourhood. These -endowments were augmented by William de Kyme, a member of another -powerful family in the county, who had also lands at Sotby, and -elsewhere; and further additions were made by the Crevecœurs, {145b} a -family of much importance from the time of the Norman Conquest, Sir Hamon -de Crevecœur succeeding to the barony of the Abrincis, located in Kent, -with the title of Barons of Folkstone; while in this immediate -neighbourhood, they held the lands in Somersby and Bag Enderby. A few -old records exist showing ownership in Oxcombe, at an early date, by -several other parties. - -By an agreement made under date, 15 June, 1202, between Matilda, wife of -Richard de Ormsby, on the one part, and Walter Futenglaz, tenant of -certain lands in Oxcombe, the said Walter, on his part, acknowledged the -said lands to be the right and inheritance of Matilda; and in return -Matilda granted them to Walter, to hold to him and his heirs, of the said -Matilda, and her heirs for ever, by the service of 12_d._ by the year; -and for this grant, the said Walter gave her ½ mark. (“Final Concords.”) - -We next get a connection of this parish with the Priories of Sempringham -and Bullington, already referred to. By an agreement, dated 20 April, -1203, between Roger, Prior of Sempringham, and William de Oxecumbe, -touching lands in the parish, the said William “warranted to the said -prior and his successors, the charters which the same prior had of -William, father of the said William, and all the said lands; and he -granted them to hold to the said prior and his successors, and to the -church of the blessed Mary of Bulinton, and to the Nuns and the Brethren -serving God there, in pure and perpetual alms, free of all secular -service and exaction.” And for this grant and warrant, the prior gave -the said William 2 marks. - -Another document introduces a member of an important family holding -considerable possessions in Yorkshire and elsewhere. It is an agreement, -dated 26 April, 1214, between Robert de Malo Lacu and Emma his wife, on -the one part, and Robert de Oxecumbe and others, among them being Walter -Bec, on the other part, concerning the right to certain lands which -Walter Bec “acknowledges to be the right of the said Robert de Malo Lacu, -and Emma, his wife,” &c. In return for which they grant to the said -Walter, 12 oxgangs of land, here and elsewhere, “to have and to hold to -him and his heirs for ever, doing the service of five parts of a knight’s -fee.” This Walter Bec would appear to have been a member of the wealthy -family who are mentioned in the Records of Spilsby and Lusby, as holding -large property in those parishes and elsewhere, and as being ancestors of -the Lords of Willoughby. The de Malo Lacu family, otherwise de Mauley -were powerful Normans; the head of the race, Peter de Malo Lacu being -born at Poictou in France. He, coming over to England in the reign of -Henry III., built the castle of Mountgrace, in the East Riding of -Yorkshire. Camden, states that there were eight Peters in succession who -held these estates, the last of them leaving two daughters, one of whom -married Bigot, a member of the family of the Earl Marechal, of England; -the other married a member of the knightly family of Salvain, and the de -Mauley estates were divided between these two families. The arms of the -Lords de Malo Lacu were a bend, sable, on an escutcheon, or. (“Hist. of -Meux Abbey,” quoted Camden’s “Britannia,” pp. 751, &c.) - -By deed, dated 25 November, 1218, in a dispute between the same Matilda, -wife of Richard Ormesby, and William, Prior of Bolinton, concerning the -advowson of the church of Oxecumb, the said Prior recognised the advowson -to be the right of Matilda, and for himself and his successors -surrendered it to the said Matilda and her heirs for ever, an unusual act -of grace, as it was rarely that any property passing into the possession -of a religious house left their grasp again, until the time came when -they had finally and for ever to disgorge their acquisitions, not seldom -questionably obtained. On 12 May, 1240, in a dispute between Robert, son -of Osbert, and Matilda de Marton, concerning land in Oxecumbe, Matilda -admitted the said land to be the right of Robert, “to have and to hold to -him and his heirs for ever, he rendering 4_s._ by the year, and doing -foreign service.” Truly, it would seem, from these various disputes all -occurring within less than the first half of the 13th century, {147} -there must have been something in the atmosphere of Oxcombe which -rendered its people peculiarly litigious. Could the confined position, -we are almost inclined to ask, have narrowed their ideas, and, shut out -as they were from the larger world beyond, the “combe,” have given them -an undue sense of their own importance? - -A gap now occurs of many years before we find further records of this -little lordship. - -Among the Chancery Inquisitions in the reign of Richard III. and Henry -VII., is one (No. 246), held at Lincoln Castle, 28 January, 1504–5, by -which it appears that Thomas Welby, a member of another prominent -Lincolnshire family, who held the manor of Halstede, in Stixwould, in -this neighbourhood, and manors or lands in nearly 30 other parishes in -various parts of the county, had lands in Oxcomb, and the adjoining -Ruckland. He, by charter, granted these possessions to Edward Burgh, -knight, George Taylbois, knight, and others, to administer his will, on -behalf of his son and heir, Thomas Welby, then of the age of 16. -(“Architect. Soc. Journal,” 1895, p. 68.) - -After the dissolution of the monasteries, in the following reign, the -lands connected with the priories of Sempringham and Bullington, in -Oxcombe, would pass into other hands, and accordingly we find new names -among the owners. By will, dated 14 June, 1535, John Gedney, of Bag -Enderby, Esquire, leaves lands in Bag Enderby, Oxcombe, Winceby, Langton, -and Somersby, to his sons John and Andrew, a witness to the will being -George Musgrave, parson of Oxcombe. Oxcombe evidently fell to the share -of the latter of these two sons, since a few years later, Andrew Gedney -of Bag Enderby {148} (in 1562) presented Robert Brown to the benefice of -Oxcombe, vacated by the death of Roger Barry, (“Architect. S. Journal,” -1897, p. 8.) - -The tenure of the Gedneys, however, in due course went “the way of all -flesh.” They had apparently inherited considerable property from the old -family of the Crevecœurs, already mentioned. They had made good -connections, this Andrew himself having married Dorothy, daughter of Sir -William Skipwith, of South Ormsby, but they probably got into -difficulties at the time of “the Lincolnshire Rising” in 1536, in which -Andrew was involved. In 1579, Andrew Gedney sold Oxcombe Grange to John -Copledyke, who obtained Queen Elizabeth’s pardon for making the purchase -without her license, which was then required by law, as a royal -prerogative and source of revenue; and the following is the next notice -we find of the family:—By will, dated 1 April, 1613, Richard Gedney, of -Bag Enderby, Esq., leaves 10_s_. to the poor of Oxcombe; but William -Morton, of Oxcombe, and Thomas Cheales of Hagworthingham, are requested -to manage his manor of Oxcombe, and pay his debts out of it. This was -the beginning of the end, and the Gedneys in due course disappeared from -the landed gentry of Lincolnshire. The name, for a time, revived in the -second half of the 19th century, in the person of a relative of the -present writer, who owned Candlesby Hall, but it was only “a flash in the -pan,” and they are gone. - -Another name now comes to the fore. Henry VIII. granted extensive lands, -which had been connected with the rich monasteries, to Charles Brandon, -Duke of Suffolk, who was grandson of William Brandon, standard bearer to -Henry VII., who was slain at the battle of Bosworth. The Duke died -leaving two sons by his 4th wife, Catherine, who was daughter and heiress -of the Lord Willoughby d’ Eresby of that day. (Dugdale “Baronage,” ii., -300.) These both died of “the sweating sickness,” while quite young, and -thereupon the descendants of Sir William Brandon’s daughters were -declared to be the heirs. One of these, Eleanor, married John Glemham, -of Glemham Parva, Co. Suffolk. Their descendants, by marriage, or -otherwise, acquired the manors of Burwell, Calceby and Mareham-le-Fen, -and at later periods, lands in Goulceby, Donnington-on-Bain, Belchford, -Walmsgate, Fairforth, and several other parishes, and in 1641, Sir Thomas -Glemham sold most of these to Matthew Lister, Esq., of St. Martins-in-the -Fields, Co. Middlesex; among the lands then disposed of, Oxcombe is named -with the above neighbouring parishes, though we do not find it specified -before. It is supposed that Sir Thomas, who was a warm supporter of the -unfortunate King Charles I., effected this sale in order to aid his -sovereign. Be that as it may, Oxcombe passed from the Glemhams to the -Listers. For nearly 200 years this family continued to hold the bulk of -this property, but, in their turn, the Listers also fell upon evil times, -and their estates gradually came under the hammer. The patronage of the -benefice was vested in the Langtons, of Langton-by-Spilsby, in 1677, -1717, and 1762 (Liber Regis), and, according to Noble’s “Gazetteer,” also -as late as 1833, and they were probably owners in part, of the soil. In -1799, John Grant died lord of the manor, and three members of his family -held it in succession. In 1842, the benefice was held jointly with that -of Belchford, by the Rev. Egremont Richardson, B. Grant, Esq., being -patron. Since then it has been held singly by three successive -incumbents, the Rev. John Chalmers, the Rev. Goulding Saunders, and the -Rev. James Clarke, but since 1898 the two have been again held together -by the Rev. R. H. Domenichetti. In 1863, David Briggs, Esq., was lord of -the manor. On his death, in 1876, it was bought by T. Ross, Esq., who -died in 1885, when it was again sold to the late Spedding Whitworth, -Esq., of Wath-upon-Dearne, Co. Yorke, whose son, Harrie Whitworth, is the -present owner. The whole parish is now occupied and farmed by Mr. Henry -Meanwell, who resides in the manor house, a substantial residence, built -in Elizabethan style, in 1845–6, surrounded by extensive grounds, -well-kept, and a well-wooded park of some 50 acres. - -The Church, dedicated to All Saints, is a small brick structure, -adjoining, to the east, the manor house grounds. It was restored in -1884, by T. Ross, Esq., the then owner of the manor, in the decorated -style. It consists of nave, and chancel, with apsidal east end. Over -the west door rises an octagonal turret of stone, containing one small -bell. The pulpit and sittings are of good old oak, with nicely carved -poppy heads. Near the pulpit is an old-fashioned square family pew. The -north and south walls of the nave have each a couple of two-light -trefoiled windows. The font is octagonal, the faces trefoiled, with -plain shields in each face, the shaft octagonal, standing on a pediment -of two steps. The chancel arch is peculiar as being remarkably low. -There are good carved oak altar rails, and a modern east window of three -lights. On the south wall of the chancel is a tablet in memory of John -Grant, the former lord of the manor, who died in 1799. The inscription -formerly stated that he had made “£100,000 by farming, which had never -been done before,” but this latter part is now erased. On the north wall -is a tablet to Thomas Grant, who died in 1810; also to William Grant, who -died in 1817. In the churchyard is a Grant altar tomb and vault; also -two tombs of grey granite, in memory of Thomas Ross, and his wife Anne; -also a tomb of David Briggs, Esq., former owner of the manor, who died, -April 1st, 1876, and two others of Benjamin Briggs, and another David -Briggs. - -This sequestered place is approached by a road, worn, probably by usage -through long ages, to a depth of several feet below the ordinary level of -the ground, the high banks on each side of it being covered with -neatly-trimmed shrubbery, and the whole has the appearance of a -well-cared-for estate, all the buildings being substantial and in -excellent order. Some of the fields still retain names which tell of -by-gone ages. To the north are fields named “Scotland Deepdales,” and -“Scotland Walk,” which may possibly refer to the old parochial taxation, -“Scot and Lot” (Saxon, sceat and lot), which was levied upon all subjects -according to their ability, for the poor, church expenses, village -watchman, &c., the right of voting for members of parliament and other -officials, being vested in those who paid “scot and lot.” One field is -named “Mill Walk,” indicating where the manorial lord once had that -valuable source of revenue, the mill, at which all the bordars and -villeins were bound to have their corn ground. One part of the ground is -named “Groves’ Walk,” a plantation so-called from a poacher, Groves, who -was shot in a night skirmish many years ago. In a wood in the Farford -direction, adders are said to have been numerous. There is an extensive -pasture named the “Intake,” probably recording its first inclosure from -the common land. Two arable fields are called the “Near” and “Far” -“Gaire”; gaire, garing, or geira, being a very ancient term for a section -of land ploughed in a different direction from the rest, as these are -still at the present time. While ploughing a part of this manor in the -year 1818, a labourer found a small silver casket, containing 46_s._ of -the early part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, which were scarcely -injured by the lapse of time. (“Hist. Linc.,” by J. Saunders, vol. ii., -p. 177.) - -Altogether, this parish of some 5 houses, and less than 40 inhabitants, -forms a very interesting little estate. - - - -RAITHBY. - - -Raithby is situated about 2 miles from Spilsby and about 9 miles from -Horncastle, on the main road between the two towns, _via_ Hagworthingham. -It is within the ancient soke of Bolingbroke, and an appanage of the -Duchy of Lancaster. There is a post and money order office, and letters, -_via_ Spilsby, arrive at 7.5 a.m., and depart at 5.40 p.m. The nearest -telegraph office is at Spilsby. Not much of the early history of this -parish is to be found. As is stated in the notes on Mavis Enderby, these -two parishes were closely connected, land in both being held by the -Saxon, Elnod (Domesday Book), also, in early Norman times, by William de -Karilepho, the powerful Bishop of Durham, and by the Conqueror’s -favourite, Ivo Taillebois, who, from the vast possessions which he -acquired through his wife, the Lady Lucia, seems to have verily suffered -from the disease of “land hunger.” Rather later, Eudo, son of Spirewic, -the founder of the Tattershall family, held lands in Raithby, as well as -at Mavis Enderby. In the reign of Edwd. I. (1402), the manor and -advowsons of Raithby and Mavis Enderby were held by Robert de Willoughby, -ancestor of the present Lord Willoughby. The descendants of Ivo -Taillebois seem to have retained at least some of their property in -Raithby for a longer period than they did in some other parishes, as we -find that “Thomas Tailbus” of Raithby, by will, dated 7 March, 1556, -requested that he might be buried “in our Lady’s Choir.” He states that -he made his will while “mighty of mind, whole of witt and understanding.” -He makes his wife, Johan, executrix, and desires her to give to their son -Roger, and Agnes Harper (presumably a married daughter), “as much as may -be conveniently spared.” (“Lincolnshire Wills,” by Canon Maddison). - -The pedigree of the Taylbois’ of Raithby is given in the Visitation of -1562. - -Again, by will, dated 5 March, 1579, John Taylboys, of Raithby, gent., -desires that he may be buried in the church. He leaves everything to his -wife, except 10_s._ to his mother, and William Thompson and “Wil -Cockson,” executors are to pay £12, “bequeathed by my father to sexe -children.” - -The Littleburies had also land in Raithby; since by will, dated 1 Sep., -1568, Humphrey Littlebury, of East Kirkby, left land at Raithby, and -other places, to his son, John Littlebury, and John Littlebury of -Hagworthingham, by will, dated 28 Sep., 1612, left his lands at Raithby -to his son John. As I mention in the notes on Salmonby, the Littlebury -family were originally located in the Holbeach neighbourhood; Robert and -his ancestors held land there, and at Whaplode, of the abbots of Croyland -long before the reign of Edw. III. But he began to get in arrear with -his rent, as shewn by the following list of omissions recorded against -him:— - - £ s. d. -For his own and his men’s table with the 40 0 0 -abbot of Croyland -Farms of tithes in Whaplode 9 0 0 -Denariis mutuo receptis (_i.e._ money 12 0 0 -borrowed) -Several horses borrowed and not returned 4 0 0 -Other items are given as a set off, as well 40 0 0 -as his legacy of -But there still remains a debt of 60 0 0 - -This was a large sum in those days. But John Littlebury gave the abbot -“diverse jewels” in payment of this debt. (Appendix to Cough’s -“Croyland,” from the Abbey register.) - -Sir Martin Littlebury was Chief Justice of England, A.D. 1243. His wife -was Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Rochford. They intermarried with several -other families of position and influence. Their pedigree is given in the -Herald’s Visitation of Lincolnshire, in 1562–64, coming down to Humphrey -Littlebury, of Stainsby, named above, as holding land in Raithby. -(“Notices on Holbeach,” by G. W. McDonald). - -By will, dated 4 March, 1599, Anne Skipwith, of Hanney, left legacies to -Thomas and Robert Raithby, and this patronymic is not uncommon in the -neighbourhood still. - -In later years the manor of Raithby was the property of the -Brackenburies, who had a handsome residence, Raithby Hall, which was, in -1848, purchased by the Rev. E. Rawnsley, who is now lord of the manor. A -curious circumstance connected with the Hall is that during the time when -it was owned by Mr. Robert Carr Brackenbury, he, being a friend of John -Wesley, granted him the use of the hay loft for religious services, and -subsequently by will provided that all future owners of the property -should fulfil this condition, and these services are still occasionally -held there, so that we have now the anomaly of the Hall being owned and -occupied by a clergyman of the church of England, while the loft over his -stables is used by a Wesleyan minister. - -The benefice formerly paid a pension to the abbots of Croyland of £1 -6_s._ 8_d._ At the Reformation the tithes were seized by “the Merry -Monarch,” and the patronage of the benefice now belongs to the crown. -The late Geo. Walker, Esq., of Offord House, Spilsby, owned an estate in -this parish, also Admiral Buckle, who now resides at Gunby Hall. There -is a free school here for the poor children of Raithby, Mavis Enderby, -Hundleby, and Sausthorpe, founded and endowed by Thomas Lawford, in 1683, -and besides his endowment, the teacher has the dividend of £204 1_s._ -8_d._ left by Elizabeth Kirkbridge, of Hull, in 1813, and the interest of -£100 left by John Dawson, in 1839. - -The Church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It consists of tower, nave, -with south porch, north and south aisles, and chancel. The tower is of 3 -tiers, and has 3 bells. The church was thoroughly restored in 1873, the -chancel and nave wholly rebuilt, the architect being Mr. G. G. Scott. -The porch has a very curious stoup in the western corner, with 3 Norman -columns as supports. The north and south aisles have 3 bays, the columns -being transitional Norman. In the north wall is a door and two -square-headed, perpendicular windows with coloured glass; one of these -has for its subjects St. George and St. Andrew, the other, St. David and -St. Patrick. There is also a two-light window in the east wall of the -north aisle. In the south wall, west of the porch, is a coloured -two-light window, the subjects being, above, the Good Shepherd and the -Presentation in the Temple, and below, Christ blessing little children, -and our Lord’s baptism. Next to the porch, eastward, is a memorial -two-light window to John Coleridge Kennard, the subjects being, the -Resurrection, and the Ascension. The window at the east end of the south -aisle is a two-light one, with coloured glass, by Kemp, the subjects -being, Works of Mercy; it was put in in memory of Mrs. Rawnsley, by -friends. The font is modern, also the lectern and the rood screen, which -is coloured red, gilt, and blue. The east, north, and south windows in -the chancel were given by the late Mrs. Rawnsley, who lengthened the -chancel to its original dimensions, and gave the screen. The east window -has three lights, the subjects being, in the centre, the Crucifixion, in -the northern light, Gethsemane, in the southern light, the Saviour’s -baptism. The walls of the chancel are painted with various devices. The -reredos has three compartments, the centre, showing the Crucifixion; on -the right (south), the Saviour and the Magdalen, Noli me tangere; on the -left (north), the angel appearing to Mary, Ave Maria. Two other windows -have the following subjects:—In one, in the centre, is the Lord in glory, -with St. Michael, on the one side, St. Gabriel, on the other, by Milner; -in the other, of four lights, put in by members of the Rawnsley family, -in memory of their mother, the subjects are, in the lower part, one scene -throughout, the birth at Bethlehem; above, the compartments show the -Annunciation, with the Presentation and Visitation on either side. The -south chancel window of three lights, with coloured glass, has the three -subjects, St. Alban, St. Agnes, and St. Catherine. There is a piscina in -the south wall of the chancel. The material of the structure is Spilsby -green sandstone. The tower is of the Perpendicular period, other parts -being a mixture of the Perpendicular, Decorated, and Transitional styles. -The church is unusually rich in coloured glass, although all of it -modern. The benefice, a rectory, is held by the Rev. George Ward, who -lives at Mavis Enderby, of which parish he is also rector. Of the church -plate, the chalice is of the date of Cromwell; the paten and former cover -of chalice are of the date of Elizabeth. A modern paten has been -presented by the Rev. E. Rawnsley. The register dates from 1558. It -contains a note by a former rector, stating that a number of pages had -been lost in the waste paper basket of his predecessor, but that, from -other sources, he had himself supplied the deficiency. Then follows a -long series of entries, all in one handwriting, the curious part, -however, is that his own death is recorded in the same handwriting. We -leave it to the reader to solve this puzzle of a posthumous record. The -sandstone, which prevails generally throughout this district, disappears -at Raithby, but about half-a-mile north-east of Raithby church, numerous -phosphatic nodules are found scattered about the surface. The nodule bed -can be traced across the fields to the south-west, and the phosphates lie -generally in patches. The hill, south of Raithby, consists of the -formation known as Tealby clay, capped with chalky boulder clay, blue -clay appearing on its western slope. These clays rest upon a floor of -hard calcareous ferruginous rock, full of brown oolitic grains. - - - -RANBY. - - -Ranby is situated on the old Roman road to Caistor, northward, rather -more than 7 miles from Horncastle. The vicar, the Rev. G. S. Lee, -resides at Benniworth, rather more than 3 miles distant, of which he is -rector. Letters, _via_ Lincoln, arrive at 10.30. Ranby is probably a -contraction of Ravenby; as we have near Louth, two parishes, Ravendale, -east and west, and the hamlet of Raventhorpe, in the north of the county, -in the parish of Appleby, near Brigg. Ravendale is contracted into the -patronymic Randell; and so Ravenby becomes Ranby. - -Ranby Hall, the seat of the Otter family, who have been located here and -at Clayworth, Notts., more than a century, is a handsome residence in -well-wooded grounds. One of the family was Bishop of Chichester, and -another Archdeacon of Chichester. - -In Domesday Book, the manor of Ranby is reckoned among the possessions of -Odo, Bishop of Baieux, who was half-brother of William the Conqueror, and -Earl of Kent. He became Bishop in 1049, and died at Palermo, on his way -to the Holy Land, in 1097. Besides being Earl of Kent, he was Count -Palatine and Justiciary of England. His abilities and his influence were -so great that writers of the day described him as being, “totius Angliæ, -Vice-dominus sub rege.” He was, however, too arrogant, and aspiring to -the Papacy, he was about to leave England for Rome, taking with him the -wealth he had amassed, when he was apprehended by King William, and sent -to prison in Normandy. On the death of the Conqueror, he was liberated -by William Rufus, but never acquired his former power, and being -concerned in a conspiracy, had to abjure the realm. He held at one time -76 lordships in Lincolnshire, besides many in other counties. Another -Norman, Ralph de St. Valery, a town in Picardy, also had a grant of land -in Ranby, to the extent of 360 acres with 14 socmen holding 7 oxgangs, -and 2 bordars with 240 acres between them. A Saxon thane, Godric, had -some 604 acres. The church had a resident priest, owning a mill, worth -10_s._ 8_d._ a year, and 270 acres of meadow. At a later date, Ranby was -an appanage of Tupholme Abbey. {156a} - -The Church, dedicated to St. German, stands on an elevation, and would be -a conspicuous object for several miles, but that it is embowered in lofty -trees. {156b} It was restored in 1839 at the expense of Miss Alice -Otter, who also presented three bells; and it was further improved in -1862, when the tower was incased with new stone, and the chancel -re-built. The old chancel arch was at that time removed, and now forms -the arch under the tower, the stone having been re-chiselled. The tower -is massive, with four pinnacles, having two-light flamboyant windows in -each face, and small lancet windows below them, in the west and south -sides. In the north wall of the nave, there is one two-light flamboyant -window, and in the south wall, two similar ones. A small north transept -forms a vestry, in the west wall of which are preserved some small arches -from an earlier fabric, and in its north wall is a two-light flamboyant -window. In the north chancel wall there is a small one-light window. -The east window has three lights with three trefoils above, and in the -south chancel wall there is a two-light window with trefoil above. All -the chancel windows have coloured glass. The south window is a memorial -of Francis Otter, of Clayworth. The subject of the east window is the -Ascension. The pillars of the new chancel arch have richly-carved -capitals. The sittings are of plain oak. The font is octagonal, with -plain shields and other devices on the faces. There is a Walesby tablet -on the south wall of the nave, and large Walesby monuments in the -churchyard. Weir, in his “History of Lincolnshire,” mentions a large -ancient tumulus as being near the church. {157a} - - - -REVESBY. - - -Revesby is situated about 7½ miles from Horncastle, in a south-easterly -direction; some 12 miles north-west from Boston, 8 miles south-west from -Spilsby, and about 7 miles East, from the nearest railway station at -Tattershall. Letters, _via_ Boston, arrive at 7 a.m. The nearest -telegraph office is at Mareham-le-Fen. One derivation of the name -Revesby is from a Danish word meaning a “fox,” the Danes certainly at one -time settled extensively in this neighbourhood, and “by” is a very common -Danish termination. (Streatfeild “Lincolnshire and the Danes.”) Another -and perhaps more likely derivation is from the “reeve,” or public -guardian of the fen, {157b} who might well reside here, to look after the -means of communication, roads and channels in the great tract of country -southward, which was at one time almost a waste of morass, and subject to -frequent inundation from the sea, and in connection with this, it may be -mentioned that one of the recognised duties of religious houses, {158a} -such as the Abbey of Revesby, was to keep roads and bridges in proper -repair, and a portion of the Revesby property, named Stickney Wydale, was -granted to the abbey, on condition that the monks kept in proper order -the “Northdyke Causeway,” then a main road raised above the floods. -{158b} And among the charters and deeds of Revesby, is one (No. 7_b_), -by which William de Romara undertakes to compel the men of Holland to -keep in repair a waggon-road from Sibsey. {158c} - -The history of Revesby at that period is lost to us. No Saxon chronicles -exist, as they do as regards some other places, to tell us of those early -days. Yet we can, in a degree, connect Revesby with a great Saxon -family, and one which is represented by a leading family in our county in -the present day. - -The Abbey of Revesby was founded by William de Romara, A.D. 1143. {158d} -He was the son of Roger de Romara, who married (about 1093), as her 2nd -husband, the lady Lucia, who was daughter and heiress of Thorold, of -Buchenale (now Bucknall in this neighbourhood), Sheriff of Lincolnshire, -and that family survives now in Sir John C. Thorold, of Syston Hall, near -Grantham. The family of Thorold, or, as it was spelt at that time, -Turold, was even then old and distinguished. He was the brother of the -Lady Godiva, of Coventry fame, wife of Earl Leofric, and mother of Earl -Algar, and descended, according to Camden (“Britannia”, p. 474), and -others, {158e} from the Saxon Earl, Egga (and Morcar), who flourished in -the 8th century. The first husband of Lucia, was Ivo Taillebois, of -Anjou, who came over with the Conqueror, as the leader of his Angevin -auxiliaries. After the death of the brave young Saxon nobles, Edwin and -Morcar, brothers-in-law, of King Harold, who refused to submit to the -Norman yoke, their sister, the Lady Lucia, became entitled to all their -possessions, and therefore was an heiress worth securing; and, much -against her wish, the Conqueror bestowed her upon his favourite, Ivo -(A.D. 1072). With her, this Ivo acquired, among much other property, the -manors of Revesby and East Kirkby. We find the first mention of Revesby, -in Domesday Book (A.D. 1085), as follows:—“In Churchebi and Resuesbi -there are 12 carucates (or about 1440 acres) of land, rateable to gelt;” -{159} the land is 12 carucates; 54 sokemen and 14 villeins have these 12 -carucates. Ivo has 1 carucate (in demense) and 2 churches, and 180 acres -of meadow land. The whole manor, with all that belongs thereto, is 6 -miles long and 6 miles broad. Turold was Lord of Spalding, and his -daughter Lucia, and conjointly her husband, Ivo, founded the Priory of -Spalding. But Ivo, by his acquisitions, became so great a tyrant, to all -connected with him, that he was eventually outlawed by King Rufus, and -banished the kingdom. He fled to Anjou. After a time he was allowed to -return to his wife, the Lady Lucia, who was holding her court at -Spalding; but, to her great relief, he shortly afterwards died of -paralysis, and, writes the chronicler, Peter de Blois, “hardly had one -month elapsed after his death, when she married that illustrious young -man, Roger de Romara, and lost all recollection of Ivo Taillebois.” -Their son, William, was created first Earl of Lincoln, and, following the -example of his mother at Spalding, he gave certain lands to the monks of -Riveaux, Co. York, to found a Cistercian Abbey, the lands aforesaid being -all Revesby, Thoresby and Sithesby, and, as certain portions of Revesby -were held by another lord, he effected an exchange, by giving land -commensurate in Miningsby, and by a similar process of exchange, secured -other further portions, so as to bring the abbey estates into what would -now be termed “a ring fence.” We have not space to go to any extent into -the history of the abbey. The original charter describes the property as -“totam terram de Revesbiâ, et Thoresbiâ, et Schichthesbiâ.” Of the two -churches, one, that of Thoresby, was at the time held by a priest named -Ivo, in exchange for which the Earl William, gave him the church of East -Kirkby, and appurtenances. This church probably stood on a site of the -present church of St. Lawrence, at Revesby. (Howlett’s “Lincolnshire,” -Allan’s “Hist. Linc.”) The other church, of St. Sythe, was doubtless in -the southern part of the present park, which has retained the name of -Sithesby, or St. Scythe’s until recent times. The abbey itself was to -the south-east of the present church, at some quarter-of-a-mile distance, -and of considerable dimensions, covering some acres of ground. From a -lecture, given by the late Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, we gather that -the abbey church, built of Ancaster stone, was at least 240ft. long, and -over 60ft. wide, with many graceful pillars supporting its roof. The -choir was of unusual form, extending some distance down the nave. Beyond -it, discovered in making excavations in 1869, 70, was the tomb of the -founder, having this inscription: HIC JACET IN TUMBA WIELLIELMUS DE -ROMARE, COMES LINCOLNIÆ, FUNDATOR ISTIUS MONASTERII SANCTI LAURENTII DE -REIVISBYE. {160} Near this were tombstones inscribed to William de -Romara, son of William, Earl of Lincoln, who died before his father, and -of William de Romara, son of Lucia, Countess of Lincoln. Three bodies -were discovered and re-buried a short distance from this spot, being -doubtless those of the founder and his two sons. In his later years, -William de Romara himself became a monk, and requested to be buried -“before the high aulter;” and the site is now marked by a granite stone, -placed here in 1890, by the late Right Honourable Edward Stanhope. The -Abbey field, approached by a broad causeway, on the north side, more than -250 yards long, has traces of four mounds, at different points, probably -for outlook and defence. One of these, stands in an enclosure to the -west, called Saffron Garth, doubtless the favourite resort of the monks, -who were skilled gardeners; an enclosure on the other, north side, of the -road, opposite this “garth,” is called “Paradise,” supposed to have been -the orchard. Fish ponds, to supply the monks with their ascetic diet, -are to be traced in various parts around. At Medlam, to the south-east, -are the remains of a chapel or oratory. The abbot’s private residence -stood in the present park, and some of the outbuildings of his -establishment remained until recent years, near the later mansion of the -proprietors of Revesby. - -We will now give a few peculiar extracts from some of the deeds connected -with the abbey. Most of these, until late years, were in the possession -of the Marquis of Exeter, at Burghley House, Stamford, whose ancestors, -as will be shewn hereafter, once held the property, and in 1881 they were -presented to the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, by his lordship. - -In celebration of the foundation of the Abbey, William de Romara -“manumitted,” or released from serfdom, any of his villeins and -dependants who would accept their freedom, “to go where they chose, and, -if they remained on the estate, to give them land instead.” Among those -who accepted freedom, were William Medicus, or the Doctor, and Roger -Barkarius, a name still known in the neighbourhood. {161} The witnesses -to the deed of liberty were Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, William -Archdeacon, William Chancellor, and others. - -By deed No. 8, William gives land in Stickney, and services due to him, -from Alan of Stickney and his successors, to which Alan agrees; the money -to be spent on wine for the “Masses” of the Abbey services. - -To one deed (No. 20), for conveyance of pasturage for 20 cattle, 20 pigs, -and 100 sheep, the witness is Thorold, Dean of Horncastle, a scion, -doubtless, of the family of the Lady Lucia. He is further designated as -“Magister Willelmus Novi Operis,” _i.e._ of Newark. - -By deed 24, Matilda daughter of Roger de Huditoft (Huttoft) widow of -William of Stickney gives half a bovate of land in Stickney “in the time -of my widowhood” _i.e._, when the property became at her own disposal. -The witnesses are two women, Christiana, wife of Henry de Claxby, and -Eda, wife of Richard, priest of Mareham; not, therefore, a celibate. - -By deed 27, Alan Smerehorn of Kirkby (East) gives a sedes molendini, -_i.e._ a water mill and premises, with right to draw water through his -land from Bolingbroke and Kirkby. - -By deed 30, Hamelinus de Jherdeburcg (Jerburg) gives land in Stickney, -“quam tenui de hospitalibus de Jerusalem in terretorio de Stickenei” -_i.e._ which he had held of the monks of the Hospice of Jerusalem in -Stickney, there having been a minor religious house there; of which -Robert Picha is named as Preceptor in another Deed (25), temp. Henry II. - -By a charter of Richard I. (Dugdale V. 456) the abbots are confirmed in -the possession of lands in Toynton, the grange of Toft (still existing) -Fulsby, lands in Miningsby, Kirkby, Claxby, Mareham, Tumby, Hameringham, -Wood Enderby, Skegness, and many other parishes. - -By deed No. 41, William, son of Roger de Bikinghesbi gives land in -Miningsby for gate alms, _i.e._ to relieve beggars at the Abbey-gate, the -monks being the great, and almost only, friends of the suffering and -needy. - -By deed No. 50, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, gives to the Abbey “his servant -Roger, son of Thoreword of Sibsey, with all his property and chattells.” -Here the man himself is treated as part and parcel with the chattells. - -By deed 69, Gaufrid of Kirkby gives certain lands “ad chorum ecclesiæ -aspergendum et decorandum,” _i.e._ for washing and decorating the choir. - -Deed 75 conveys to the Abbey another servant, Radulph, son of Gamel the -Palmer, with goods and chattells. The father here mentioned had -evidently made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. - -Deed 78 gives to the Abbey “the homage of Gaufrid Le Neucume of Stickney -and all his service.” Here, (temp. Henry III.) is one of the family of -Newcome, or Newcomen, who, centuries later, became connected by marriage -with the Banks family, in the person of the grandfather of Sir Joseph -Banks. - -By No. 108, Hugo de Lindsey gives one selion of land to maintain one -candle burning before the altar of the blessed Virgin in the Chapel of -St. Lawrence, (temp. Henry III. or Ed. I.) - -By No. 115, William of Stickney gives land for the maintenance of candles -to be kept burning in the Abbey church, one before the altar of the -blessed Virgin, in honour of St. Margaret, and the other at the altar of -St. Nicholas, in honour of St. James the Apostle. - -By No. 141, the Abbot leases land in Wilksby (A.D. 1344) to John -Hardegray, who is to pay “unum granum piperis” (pepper corn rent), -annually at Christmas. - -By No. 144, the Abbot and Convent grant to Richard Cave of Stickney -certain land on payment of 8 silver pence annually. (2 Hen. V. Jan. 25, -1415.) - -Then follows finally at the Dissolution, deed No. 150A, by which John, -Abbot of Revesby, and the convent, grant (Nolentes Volentes) to Charles -Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, and his heirs, and assigns, the office of chief -steward of the manors, lands, etc., of the Abbey, with an annuity of £26 -3_s._ 8_d._ (Harleyan Charter, 44, Brit. Mus.) - -This was the beginning of the end. The monks, who, with all their -faults, had preserved for us our Bibles, had been the great patrons of -learning, the friends of the poor, the teachers of agriculture, who had -maintained our bridges and our roads, were forced to accept pittances -smaller than those they had, on a generous scale, dealt out to thousands -of others. To Charles, Duke of Suffolk, were granted the Abbey estates -in 1539. He died in 1545, and was buried at Windsor. His two sons both -died in one day, July 16th, 1551, at the Bishop of Lincoln’s house at -Buckden. The Dukedom descended to the Marquis of Dorset, who had married -the half-sister of Charles. The estates were divided, in 1552, among the -descendants of Sir William Brandon. They were Sir Henry Sidney, Knight; -Thomas Glemham, Esq.; John Carsey, Esq.; and Francis his son by Margaret -his wife, sister to Charles Brandon; Christian Darnell, widow; Walter -Ayscoughe, Esq.; and Henry Ayscoughe his son by Elizabeth his wife; and -John Tyre, gentleman, and Elizabeth his wife. - -John Carsey (also spelt Kersey) had the Revesby estate, Wilksby and Wood -Enderby, and resided at Revesby. His son Francis probably resided at -South Ormsby, and in 1575, the father and son jointly sold the estate to -Thomas Cecil, Lord Treasurer Burleigh. The property then descended, -through the 1st and 2nd Earls of Exeter, and Elizabeth, wife of Thomas -Howard, Earl of Berkshire, to Henry Howard. He dying without male issue, -was succeeded by his nephew, Craven Howard, in 1663. Craven Howard built -a mansion here. But the entire property was sold in 1714 to the Banks -family for £14,000, by his representatives the daughters of Henry Howard. -{164} The last of the Banks family was Sir Joseph Banks, well known for -his enclosure of the Fens and other works of public utility in the -county, his patronage of science in every form, and his voyages of -discovery. He died in 1820, and, by his will, most of the estates were -bequeathed to Col. the Honble. James Hamilton Stanhope, who served in the -Peninsular War, and at Waterloo, other portions being left to Sir Henry -Hawley and his heirs, “with remainder to Sir Edward Knatchbull” (who -managed the estates for his widow, Lady Banks). (Weir’s “Hist. Linc.” -vol. i., p. 414, Ed., 1828; “Saunders’ Hist.” vol. ii., p. 113). He held -them for a very short period, and was succeeded by J. Banks Stanhope, -Esq., formerly M.P. for N. Lincolnshire (in 1823), who, some years ago, -surrendered the estates to his cousin and adopted heir, the Right Honble. -E. Stanhope, 2nd son of the 5th Earl Stanhope; and late M.P. for -Horncastle Division. - -Mr. Banks Stanhope greatly improved, and, indeed, may be said to have -rebuilt the mansion of Revesby, from designs by the architect Burns, -which now stands in beautiful grounds, and an extensive park, near the -site of the former residence of the abbots. Vast sums have also been -spent by him on the improvement of the estate; the rebuilding of -farmhouses and cottages, so as to make the village a model one in every -way. The Abbey, which is constructed throughout of Ancaster stone, and -in the style of James I., is the repository of objects of art, of natural -history, and of antiquarian interest, collected by Sir Joseph Banks, J. -Banks Stanhope, Esq., and more recently by the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, -sufficient to form a museum. - -A subject of interest which has not yet been noticed is two tumuli, or -barrows, in the parish, on the left hand, close to the road, and not many -yards south of the Red Lion Inn. They were considered by the antiquarian -Stukeley (“Itin Curios,” p. 23) to have been the burial place of two -British kings, and probably also connected with the religious services of -the Druids. They stand in an enclosure, the breadth of which, he says, -“is 100 Celtic feet, and the length 300.” - -In 1780 the northernmost of these barrows—there were formerly three—was -explored by Sir Joseph Banks, but nothing was found of any interest -beyond indications that it had been examined before, and since that time -it has been levelled. He thought, however, that it had been the site of -religious sacrifices. In August, 1892, explorations were carried out -under the eye of the late Right Honble. E. Stanhope. Here again there -were indications of former examination, not however to any great depth, -and when the centre of the mound was reached a kind of sarcophagus, made -of puddled clay, was found, from 5ft. to 6ft. in length, lying north and -south, the sides 7in. or 8in. thick, and having an arch rising to a -height of 2½ft.; the bottom, slightly concave, rested on the original -soil, within this was black earth quite different in colour to the rest, -which was believed to be human remains. No bones, however, were found. -Broken pieces of pottery and two old nails, were found outside this -receptacle, which were pronounced by Sir A. W. Franks, of the British -Museum, to be mediæval, and to have probably been introduced by previous -explorers. (Account by E.S., “Linc. N. & Q.,” vol. iii., pp. 145–7.) - -We have little more to say of the past history of Revesby. When the -Spanish Armada was expected to invade our shores in 1589, one of those -Lincolnshire gentry who subscribed £25, a large sum in those days, -towards the defence of the country, was Nicholas Saunderson of Rearsby, -or Revesby; he also, at the muster at Horncastle in 1586, furnished “1 -light horse”; John May of Mareham doing the same (“Architect. S. -Journal,” 1894, p. 214.) - -Among the old observances of Revesby was the annual fair, an occasion of -much jovial festivity, and in the days of Sir Joseph Banks, that fine old -English gentleman, the Sir Roger de Coverley of his day, encouraged such -old time customs, providing ale most generously for all comers, and -driving down to the village green, where the booths were arranged, with -his party in two or three coaches. Morrice dancing and the mummers play -always had his patronage. In these days of “_autres temps_, _autres -mœurs_,” all these have gone out of vogue. Whether the modern, _soi -disant_, more refined practices at village feasts are an improvement on -the old is a question we leave others to decide. - -Revesby church, dedicated to St. Lawrence, was formerly a small -structure, rebuilt in 1735, partly with materials taken from the former -Abbey, by Joseph Banks, Esq. (great grandfather of the Right Honble. Sir -Joseph Banks), who purchased the property from the Honble. Henry Howard, -3rd son of the Earl of Berkshire, in 1714. The benefice then, as now, -was a chaplaincy to the owners of the Revesby Abbey estate. {166} That -church contained among its chief features a memorial tablet at the east -end of the chancel to Nehemiah Rawson, Esq., who died in 1657, a name -still common in the neighbourhood; another to the above-named Honble. -Henry Howard, who died in 1663; and on the north side of the chancel was -a large marble monument, surmounted by a bust, and an inscription in -Latin to Joseph Banks, Esq., who died 1727. After renovation at various -periods this old fabric was removed, and, on the same site, the present -handsome church, a fine specimen of the 14th century, flamboyant style, -was erected at the joint expense of J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., and the late -Right Honourable Edward Stanhope, M.P., lord of the manor in 1890–2. The -church consists of western tower, surmounted by a lofty spire; nave, with -north aisle and south porch; and chancel, with organ chamber and vestry -on the north side; the whole forming an elegant structure, reminding one, -though on a smaller scale, of the famous marble church of Bodelwyddan in -North Wales. It is built generally of Ancaster stone, the walls inside -being lined with red Hollington sandstone. Mr. Hodgson Fowler was the -architect, and in several details of the building he reproduced features -borrowed from the original Abbey. - -The following is a detailed description of the church:—In the south wall -of the interior of the tower, in a recess, are various carved and other -fragments of stone, and near them the capitals and bases of some small -Norman columns; and on the north wall is a fragment of a canopied niche; -all these being carefully preserved remnants of the original Abbey -church. - -In the centre is a small Norman font with plain bowl, supported on a -shaft of 8 clustered columns, resting on a square base. In the tower -above is a peal of 8 carillon bells of good tone, embracing the octave. -The north aisle has 4 lofty bays. In the north wall are four two-light -windows with trefoil and other tracery above. Against the west wall of -this aisle is a massive marble monument surmounted by a bust, probably -the old monument renewed, bearing in English the inscription, “In memory -of Joseph Banks, M.P. for Grimsby and Totnes, born 1681, died 1727, -married Mary Hancock, and had issue Joseph, and Mary, Lady Whichcote, -died 1726”; to the left, “Joseph Banks II., born 1695, died 1741, -married, 1st, Annie Hodgkinson, and had issue, &c.; Eleonora (the -youngest) born 1723, died 1793, married the Honble. Henry Grenville, and -was mother of Louisa, Countess Stanhope; married, 2ndly, Catherine widow -of Newcomen Wallis.” Right inscription, “William Banks, born 1719, died -1761, married Sarah Bate, and left issue, (1) Joseph, afterwards Sir -Joseph Banks, (2) Sarah Sophia, born 1744, died 1818.” - -The south nave wall next to the porch eastward has two two-light windows -similar to those in the north wall, and next to the chancel wall a large -three-light window, flamboyant above, of coloured glass—the subjects -being St. James, St. Peter, and St. John, bearing the inscription below, -“Presented by the tenants of the Revesby estate as a token of esteem for -James Banks Stanhope, Esquire, of Revesby Abbey, 1892.” The pulpit is of -carved modern oak, being Flemish work, the subjects scriptural, resting -on a stone base; the sittings throughout are of oak with carved panels at -the ends. There is a good brass lectern, and oak fald-stool. The choir -stalls in the chancel are of massive carved oak with good poppy heads. -The panels of the sedilia are from the Abbot’s house; the encaustic tiles -are copies of the originals, the remains of which are preserved in the -bell chamber of the tower. The east window is of five lights with rich -flamboyant tracery above. It is filled with coloured glass by Messrs. -Heaton, Butler and Bayne, and erected by public subscription in memory of -the late Right Honourable Edward Stanhope. The subjects are two rows of -figures; in the lower row, in the two lights on the north side, are St. -Edward and St. Matthew, then St. Boniface and St. Wilfred; in the central -compartment, three figures, St. George, St. Martin, and St. Alban; then, -to the south, St. Hugh and St. Jerome, in one light, St. Thomas and St. -Lawrence in the other outside light. In the upper row, the central -figure is the Saviour, crowned, His right hand uplifted in blessing, His -left holding a sceptre; in the two compartments, on either side, are -angels with harps, viols, &c. In the tracery above are heads of angels, -and above all, the Angus Dei. The reredos is of plush velvet. A -jewelled cross stands on the super-altar. The communion table is covered -with a rich altar cloth of velvet and lace. To the north and south of -the table, the walls are panelled with oak, to the height of the east -window, with devices representing the ivy, olive, rose, gourd, -pomegranate, vine, and fig; the fruit being inlaid mother of pearl, given -by the Honble. Mrs. Stanhope. There is a brass tablet in the north wall, -giving an account of the east window. In the south wall is a plain -two-light trefoiled window, and a long stone seat below. The organ has -handsome coloured pipes, and has in front a richly-carved oak screen. At -the main entrance to the churchyard is a lich gate, “erected by friends -and tenants, in loving memory of the Right Honourable Edward Stanhope.” -In the churchyard, beneath the east window, is the Stanhope grave, framed -in white marble, with a recumbent cross of the same material within it. -Beneath that spotless emblem of our faith, lies all that was mortal of a -noble being, a man “sans peur et sans reproche,” singularly gifted, of -varied tastes, wide sympathies, generous instincts, of indefatigable -industry as a statesman in the service of his Queen and country, and we -may add without presumption, a sincere Christian, of strong convictions. -Edward Stanhope, died, 22 December, 1893, admired by his opponents almost -as much as he was beloved by his friends, and of him, we may truly say -that his gain was our loss. Opposite the village green are alms-houses, -for five poor men and five poor women, founded by Joseph Banks, Esq., in -1727, who endowed them with an annual rent charge of £50. Revesby is -emphatically a model village, the residences of the tenants and their -labourers, being alike maintained in the best order. - -The parsonage, a good residence, erected by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., -stands in pretty grounds and is now adorned, internally, with much carved -oak furniture, cabinets, overmantel, &c., &c., and with a display of -numerous silver cups, trophies won in various competitions, by the Rev. -P. O. Ashby, the active and energetic chaplain. - - - -SALMONBY. - - -Salmonby is distant from Horncastle about five miles, in an easterly -direction, on the road to Tetford, which it adjoins. The register dates -from 1558, and contains some curious entries. One is as follows:—“Helena -More, centesimo decimo ætatis anno, et undecimo die mensis Junii, Anno -Dom. 1638 fato succubuit, et die duo decimo dicti mensis sepulta est -1638,” _i.e._, Helena More succumbed to her fate in the 110th year of her -age, and on the 11th day of the month of June, A.D. 1638, and was buried -on the 12th day of the said month, 1638. - -In the month of March, 1723, there were six burials within nine days, -three members of the same family; no cause for the mortality being -mentioned. In the following year (1724), there were ten burials, among -them being four of the name of Wait, three Ansels, and two Bartholomews. - -The rector from 1710 to 1741, Rev. Henry Marshall, was also rector of -Fulletby, and vicar of Orby, and he was succeeded by his son in the -rectory of Salmonby, who also held the benefice of Ashby Puerorum. - -There are some rather peculiar field names in this parish, two Wongs, far -and near, a relic of Saxon nomenclature; also Skerrills and Skerrills -Holt, Bramfleets, Haverlins (Haver=oats), Dry-sykes, Rotten Fen, Wallow -Farm, and Wallow Camp, and The Mires, the last four, doubtless derived -from the character of the localities. From a part of this boggy land in -the north of the parish, rises a spring of chalibeate water, said to -resemble the properties of the Tunbridge Wells; a pulverulent blue -phosphate of iron, and an earthy oxide of iron. We do not know much of -the early history of Salmondby, the village of some Saxon thane of the -name of Salmond. The manor was apparently the property of the Saxon -Earl, Harold, but William the Conqueror gave it to his nephew, Hugh de -Abrincis, or Avranches, surnamed “Lupus,” or the Wolf, from his many -deeds of violence, and it was held as part of the soke of the more -important manor, or honour, of Greetham. In an ancient charter, found -among the “Final Concords” (p. 359), it is stated that Geoffrey de -Benigworth, grants to Avice, wife of William de Benigworth, his manors of -Walmersty, Friskeney, Salmundesby, and Skreythesfeld (Scrafield), and all -appurtenances, saving the advowson of the church of Salmundesby, which -remains to Geoffrey and his heirs, and we have here an example of how the -common labourers were regarded as little better than “goods and -chattels.” Since, herewith he grants all the villeins holding the -“villeinages,” or cottages, and “all their sequels,” _i.e._, their -progeny, “to have and to hold to the said Avice all her life,” and after -her decease, the manors and services were to revert to the said Geoffrey -and his heirs for ever. - -By will, dated 2 July, 1582 (“Lincolnshire Wills,” 1500, 1600, p. 105, -No. 285), Margaret Littlebury, late wife of Thomas Littlebury, Esq., of -Stainsby, in the parish of Ashby Puerorum, leaves money to the poor of -Salmonby, Greetham, and other places. This Margaret was the daughter of -John St. Paul, of Snarford, who, like the Dymokes, the Dightons, -Maddisons, Massingberds, and many other leading county families, were -mixed up in the Lincolnshire Rebellion of 1536. The Littleburies were -seated at Hagg and Somersby, as well as at Stainsby, but they seem to -have resided originally at Holbeach Hurn. Sir Humphrey Littlebury, Lord -of Littlebury, was born, 1346. He married Elizabeth, daughter and -heiress of Sir John Kirton, knight, Lord of Kirton, and there is a fine -altar tomb of them both, in Holbeach church. His will was dated, Dec. 1, -1330. But there was a Sir Ralph Littlebury, knight, a juror at Holbeche, -in A.D. 1293. - -There would seem at one time to have been a substantial manorial -residence at Salmonby, for by will, dated 23 January, 1614, Edward King, -of Ashby-de-la-Laund, devises “to my sonne, John Kinge, my manor house, -of Salmondbie, _alias_ Salmonbie, with all appurtenances,” also certain -“closes,” among them being the “Rush Close, Warlowe close, the Conie -Hill, Huntepitts, Sheepe Walks, The Lings, _alias_ Gallows Hill, Rotten -Fen, &c., which manor and lands were late in the tenure of Richard -Caterton.” He adds a codicil, dated “9 day of June, 1617,” bequeathing -to his said sonne, John Kinge, various cottages, with his “commons of -Key-gaite, and Sheepe-gait acre, and sheepe pasture in other places in -Salmonbie. Lastlie, I bequeath to my right worthie and faithful friende, -Sir John Meres, knight, a ring of gold of the value of xl_s._, to be -inamiled on the outside, and within to be ingraven these words, Donum -Fidelis Amici.” This testator built the hall at Ashby-de-la-Laund in -1595. The Kings took the side of the Parliament, and Colonel Edward King -distinguished himself. The last male heir, the Rev. John King, died -without issue, a few years ago. The manor took its name from the two -families, Essheby and De la Laund, who held it till the reign of Henry -VI. It has belonged to the Kings since the reign of Henry VIII., but has -now passed to Colonel Neville H. Reeve. - -A former rector of Salmonby, Phyllip Robert, clerk, by will, dated 26 -July, 1617, but not written in a clerkly style, desired “to be buried in -the queare” (choir) of the church. - -By a Chancery Inquisition (18 Henry VII., No. 46), it was found that -Hamon Sutton, held the manor of Salmonby, with Maydenwell and others, and -also the advowson of Salmonby, holding them of the Lord the King, as of -his Duchy of Lancaster, and in the time of Queen Elizabeth, Anthony -Thorold, knight, is named in certain documents still in the British -Museum, as being lord of the manor at that time. (“Collectanea” G. -Holles, vol., iii., p. 770.) - -In 1415, John Kyghly, of Salmonby, a feoffe of Sir William Cromwell, -knight, presented to the chantry in Driby church, because he, Sir -William, was “out of the realm.” It is probable that he was with Henry -V. at the battle of Agincourt, October 25, 1415. (“Architectural -Society’s Journal,” 1895, p. 124). - -Among the Revesby charters is a deed of Symon, son of Gilbert of Halton, -and his wife Sarah, by which they jointly give to the Abbey of Revesby, -all “their lands in Salmonby and in Scraydesfield (Scrafield), and in -Stickney, and all their claims on the goods of Gilbert of Benniworth. -Witnesses, Gilbert Cusin, seneschal of the house of the Earl Chester, and -others.” Date, temp. Hen. III. - -The patronage of the benefice of Salmonby was at one time attached to the -crown, probably as an appurtenance of the honour of Greetham and Duchy of -Lancaster, but it has now passed into private hands. In 1779, Henry -Marshall, clerk, already referred to, was patron and incumbent. Prior to -1840, W. Bowerbank held the patronage and rectory. He was succeeded by -the late Rev. Henry Fielding, formerly Canon of Manchester, next followed -Rev. R. F. Ward, then for a brief period, Rev. F. Cooper, and it is now -held by the Rev. John Booth, who is also patron. It has the unique -distinction of having once been held in commendam by William Patten, -commonly known later as William Waynflete, from his birth place, -Wainfleet, in Lincolnshire; that most munificent divine, Provost of Eton, -Bishop of Winchester, Lord Chancellor, Founder of Magdalen College, -Oxford, and of a free school at his native place. - -The church, dedicated to St. Margaret, was until recent years, an -ivy-mantled structure, of the period Edwd. III. but it was restored in -1871, during the incumbency of the Rev. R. Fawssett Ward, at a cost of -about £600, who also enlarged the rectory, and it now forms an -interesting, well-kept and complete church, in the Perpendicular style. -It comprises nave, chancel, south porch, and small spire, which contains -one bell, and stands at the N.E. corner of the chancel. The east window -was given by the late Henry James Fielding, Esq., eldest son of the -former rector, in memory of his father and mother. It has five lights, -with numerous compartments above, and is filled with good coloured glass, -the subjects being, the Crucifixion above, and the Last Supper below, the -design adapted from a window in the Refectory at Milan. There is a -piscina in the south wall of the chancel. The south wall has also one -three-light, and one two-light window in the Perpendicular style. The -nave has, in the south wall, one three-light, and one two-light window, -and the porch door; and in the north wall, one three-light window. The -west window again, of three lights, has good stained glass, in memory of -the Rev. Matthewman Manduel, for more than fifty years curate or rector -of Tetford; the subject is, Christ Blessing Little Children. The tracery -of all these windows is good. There is an organ, by Nicholson, of -Lincoln, with nine stops, and handsome coloured pipes in front, the gift -of the Rev. F. Cooper. The chancel sedilia and choir stalls are of good -carved modern oak, by Messrs. Walter & Hensman, of Horncastle. The nave -is fitted with open benches, which, with the roof, are of pitch pine. -The font is modern, octagonal, with shields and roses floriated on -alternate faces of the bowl, supported by an octagonal shaft and -pediment. There is a graceful ogee arch as the priest’s entrance to the -vestry. There was formerly in the nave of the church a brass of a -civilian of the 15th century, much defaced, but it some years ago -disappeared; it is mentioned among the list of sepulchral brasses -supplied to the Archæological Institute on their visit to Lincoln in -1848, so that it still existed at that date. (“Journ. Archæol. -Institute,” 1848, p. lii, etc.) - -The lady of the manor is now Mrs. Nesbitt Hamilton Ogilvy, as -representing the late Right Honble. Robert Adam Christopher Nesbitt -Hamilton, a staunch Protectionist, who was one of the eight members of -Parliament who voted to the last against the abolition of the corn laws. -Some of the land belongs to F. S. Dymoke, Esq., and other smaller owners. - -An interesting family heirloom preserved at the rectory, is a massive -silver urn-shaped cup, 13 inches high, which was presented to Major -Robert Booth, great uncle of the present Rector, by the officers and -privates of the Wainfleet Infantry Volunteers, comprising three -companies, which were raised at the time, when the first Napoleon was -expected to invade this country in 1808, and of which he was Major -Commandant (Oldfield’s “History of Waynfleet” 1829). - - - -SCAMBLESBY. - - -This rather straggling village is pleasantly situated about 6 miles -north-east of Horncastle, in a basin of the Wolds, between the steep hill -on the west, by which it is approached from Horncastle and West Ashby, by -the old turnpike road to Louth, and the still steeper hill of Cawkwell, a -mile further to the east, Louth-ward. In the centre of this basin, which -is watered by a small tributary of the river Bain, rising near at hand, -is an almost circular prominence, like the boss of a shield, on which -fitly stands the church, above all the other human erections. Only a few -years ago, this was a very poor structure of brick, although recent -explorations have shewn that there formerly existed a fair-sized edifice, -with nave, aisles, and chancel, fragments of which were built into the -later brick structure. This earlier church is said to have been -demolished about the middle of the 18th century. An inscription in the -west wall of the present fabric records that “The nave of this church was -taken down, and rebuilt, A.D. 1893: Alfred Soden, Vicar; C. B. Robson, J. -R. Bourne, Churchwardens.” The chancel had been rebuilt in the previous -incumbency of the Rev. T. White, by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, at -a cost of £400, in 1890–1. In the reconstruction, stone was utilized -from the small church of Cawkwell, the adjoining parish, which had been -disused and in a state of decay for some years, and was not needed for -the very small population of that parish, which is now, for -ecclesiastical purposes, annexed to Scamblesby. The present erection of -stone has a south door, with porch, and a priest’s door in the south wall -of the chancel. The nave has north and south aisles, of three bays; the -easternmost column in the south arcade is the original Norman, the rest -being modern, in similar style. In the north wall are three lancet -windows, the central one having two lights, the eastern and western one -light, and in the south wall there are two similar windows, one with two -lights, the other with one. The west end has two lancet windows, each -with a single light, and above them an ox-eye window, with smaller -lancets on either side of it. In the eastern wall of the nave, on either -side of the chancel arch, is a narrow lancet window. In the chancel, the -east window has two lights, with quatrefoil above, two square-headed -windows in the south wall, and one in the north. The present font is -modern, and plain; the curious, massive, circular bowl of the old font, -about 2ft. 8in. in diameter, in height more than 2ft., and with depth of -interior 1ft., large enough for immersion, stands outside the porch. The -seats of the nave are modern, of deal, but they have very good old oak -carved poppy-heads. The pulpit, of oak, was presented as a memorial of -the late Vicar, the Rev. T. White, by his pupils; he having been formerly -second master of the Horncastle Grammar School; it already, however, -shows signs of decay. The chancel sedilia, of deal, were given by the -Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The communion table, of oak, which is -raised on two steps, was the gift of the present Vicar. In the north -wall of the chancel is a tablet, commemorating, in Latin, and in quaint -English verse, Margaret, the daughter of Henry Coppinger, of a -distinguished family in Kent, and wife of “Franciscus Thorndike,” a lady, -“imbued with a liberal piety from early years, who religiously fulfilled -her conjugal duties, and who, suffering severely herself, also bore, as -became a Christian, the loss of three children, and then, with one only -surviving, herself yielded willingly to the call of God. Erected to a -most beloved wife, by the most sorrowing of husbands.” No date is given, -but it has been found from the Herald’s College, that she was buried at -Scamblesby, Dec. 30, 1629. (“Linc. N. & Q.” iv., pp. 208–9). Another -member of this family, the brother of Francis, was the Rev. Herbert -Thorndyke, an eminent divine and worthy of Lincolnshire, Fellow of -Trinity College, Cambridge, collated prebendary of “Layton Ecclesia” in -the cathedral of Lincoln, by Bishop, afterwards Archbishop, Williams (in -which dignity he succeeded the well-known George Herbert), and later, -made a Prebendary of Westminster. He, by his will, dated July, 3rd, -1672, bequeathed his estates in this parish to the Dean and Chapter of -Lincoln, for the endowment of the benefice, which, like that of the -adjoining Cawkwell, was a very poor one. Thorndyke’s works form the 6th -volume of the Anglo-Catholic Library. That the family was one of good -position, is shewn by the fact of the name of Francis Thorndyke appearing -in the list of the Gentry of Lincolnshire, in 1634, as “of Scamblesby,” -also that of “Herbert Thorndyke, of Greenfield.” - -The church is dedicated to St. Martin. Among the church plate is a -communion cup, bearing the inscription “Communion Cup, 1712,” the -Cawkwell cup is also old, but not dated. The register of Scamblesby -dates from 1569, that of Cawkwell from 1685, but they contain no entries -of special interest. This was one of the many possessions of the Norman, -Ivo Taillebois, nephew of William the Conqueror, and chief of the Angevin -auxiliaries, who came over with the Conqueror. After the death of the -brave young Anglo-Saxon nobles, Edwin and Morcar, the sons of Alfgar, and -brothers-in-law of King Harold, who refused to submit to the Norman yoke, -their sister, the Lady Lucia, was the last of that royal line, and, being -an unprotected female, William the Conqueror bestowed her in marriage -with all her many possessions, on Ivo. He received with her, lands in -Goulceby, Cawkwell, Asterby, and other places, too many to enumerate. He -was a man of violent and tyrannous temperament, eventually, in the next -reign, being outlawed as an enemy of King Rufus. He was subsequently -allowed to return to this country, but not long afterwards died of -paralysis. According to accounts, more or less authentic, the Lady, with -a haste which was hardly decent—though under the circumstances perhaps -not surprising—barely allowed one month to elapse (says the chronicler, -Peter de Blois), “when she married that illustrious young man, Roger de -Romara, son of Gerald de Romara,” who had been seneschal or steward to -William of Normandy, before the Conquest; two other sons, Ralph and -Edward, subsequently being founders, the former, of the Tankervilles, and -the latter, of the Earls of Salisbury. By this marriage, the large -possessions of the Lady Lucia, passed to the Romaras. Lucia herself had -been a great benefactress to the priory of Spalding, which had been -founded by her uncle, Vice-Comes, or Sheriff, Thorold of Buchenale. -Among other gifts she conveys to the monks of Spalding “one watermill (a -valuable property in those days), and all her tithes in Scamblesby,” with -much more in the neighbourhood. (“Charters of Spalding Priory,” British -Museum, D. n. 5). William de Romara, her son by her husband Roger, in -due course, following suit, founded the Abbey of Revesby. In a later -generation, the heiress of this family, married Gilbert de Gaunt, who -thus succeeded to the large property, but it is probable that, on the -occasions of each of these changes, some of the demesnes were diverted in -different directions, and the changes were not few, as the Gaunts were -succeeded by the Blondvilles, they by the Lacys, and they again by John -of Gaunt, Earl of Richmond, 4th son of Edwd. III. whose son was King -Henry IV., of Bolingbroke. How long Scamblesby remained a part of this -heritage we are not able to say, but it may be observed that in this -varied line of descent (as indeed in many others), there were various -causes for the alienation, or disintegration of large demesnes. The -Sovereign’s power was absolute and most arbitrarily exercised, unless, as -was sometimes the case, the subject’s power was greater. The owners of -large estates, and especially heiresses, were an object of peculiar -interest to Sovereigns, who by reason of war, or their own extravagance, -were not seldom more impecunious than their powerful subjects. The -actions of the latter were carefully scanned, in order, if possible, that -the Sovereign might find an excuse for confiscation, partial or entire, -of the offender’s property, and so replenish the royal coffers. In the -case of male proprietors, they could only obtain coveted privileges, or -even exercise their own undoubted rights, on the payment of a very heavy -fine. The times were turbulent, rebellion was not uncommon, and a large -landowner sometimes found that he had espoused the unsuccessful cause, -whereupon he naturally incurred the penalty. In the case of an heiress, -a marriage contracted without the King’s license, was made sufficient -ground for the royal displeasure, and a heavy fine or deprivation was the -result. Some, or all of these causes were at work with different members -of this particular line. In the case of the attainder of Thomas, Earl of -Lancaster, even his divorced wife, Alicia, became subject to a penalty of -£20,000, a very large sum in those days, when pence were almost -equivalent to our pounds. In this, and other ways, the once vast -possessions of the Thorolds, in this part of the county, passed into -other hands; although they are still one of the leading families on the -other side of it. Other families here came to the fore. On the -dissolution of the monasteries, any property which had been granted by -benefactors to those institutions, would pass, by grant of the sovereign, -to others, unless he retained it himself. As we pass the small stream in -Scamblesby, over which a child could now leap, we may recognise it as a -power that once turned the mill-wheel of the Lady Lucia, or ground corn -for the tenants of the priors of Spalding, but it knows their name no -more. Some of the land, including the manor, passed to the Bishop of -Lincoln; until, in 1862, it was transferred to the Ecclesiastical -Commissioners, who are now the Lay Impropriators; the living, now, after -various augmentations, worth £300 a year, being in the patronage of the -Bishop of Lincoln, and the Earl of Yarborough. The latter nobleman is -now one of the largest proprietors in the county, though we believe he -originally belonged to the south of England, and was connected with the -Earls of Chichester, of Stanmer Park, in Sussex, in which county the -heraldic Pelham buckle is a marked feature in many of the churches. {178} -Other proprietors are the Lill and Bourne families. There is a prebendal -stall in Lincoln Cathedral, attached to Scamblesby in conjunction with -Melton Ross, which is now held by the Rev. Canon Arthur Wright, rector of -Coningsby, and Rural Dean of Gartree. - -There are rent charges for the poor of the parish, left by David Atkinson -and dame Tyrwhitt; also the interest of £6 6_s._ 8_d._, left by an -unknown donor, and a charge on land in Belchford, for poor widows. - -Within a short distance of the church, in a south-eastward direction, are -traces of a moated inclosure, which has probably been the site of a -residence of some size. Nothing is known of its past history, but it may -well have been a mansion on the property of the Countess Lucia, or some -of her descendants, and occupied by a dependent vassal. There are a few -records of former persons connected with the parish, of which we here -give one or two. Among the “Final Concords,” under date, 1 July, 1202, -is an agreement between Roger de Maletoft, on the one part, and Philip de -Claythorp, and Mary his wife, on the other part, tenants of “4 oxgangs in -Scamblesbi (about 60 acres),” by which they acknowledge the said land to -be the right and inheritance of the said Roger; and in return for this, -he granted it “to them and their heirs, to hold of him and his heirs for -ever, doing for it foreign service”; and, as an acknowledgment of this, -the said Philip and Mary gave the said Roger 4 marks. (Note appended to -the will of John Guevera, made 18 March, 1607.) N.B.—A sister of John -Guevera, married John Chapman, of Scamblesbi. The Guevera family came -from Biscay, in Spain, probably imported by Katherine of Arragon, or -Philip of Spain, Queen Mary’s husband. - -Thomas Kent, of Scamblesby, clerk, by will, dated 23 July, 1623, among -other bequests, leaves, “to my wife Mary, £40, with other benefits; my -dau., Lydia Lent £200; my dau., Penelope Dennis, £16; my dau., Mary -Martingdale, £20; my son, Thomas Kent, £20; my dau., Anne Millington,—; -Henry Neave, my grandchild, £30; Gabriel Neave, my grandchild, £66 13_s._ -4_d._; Mary Neave, £66 13_s._ 4_d._; my son Elias Kent, 2 Kye, a pr. of -oxen, a pr. of 2 yr. old fleaces; a mare that I had of my son-in-law, -James Martingdale, my waines and waine-geares, and ploughs and -plough-geares, my trays and harrows, also a bedd, a presse and a table, -with the lease of the manor of Scamblesby; my son, Thomas, 44_s._ in -gold; my son, Abell, 44_s._ in gold; to everyone of my grandchildren, -11_s._ in gold; to the poor of Donington, 22_s._; of Goulceby, 20_s._; -and to the poorest of Scamblesby 20_s._; to everyone of my servants, -16_d._; to Lewis Whiteing, 2 ewes and 2 lambes; to Dorothie Candroy, a -flocked yearing quee.” The testator’s wife is to have his household -goods and chattels, for division among his children at her discretion; -Timothy, his son, being sole executor, to whom he bequeaths the -residence, after payment of debts and funeral expenses. To be buried in -the chancel of Scamblesbie. - -Elias Kent, of Scamblesby, gent., by will, dated 13 Feb., 1625, bequeaths -to “my wife, Elizabeth, £200, and the household stuff, &c.; to my -daughter, Martha Kent, £200 when 16, and the lease of Scamblesby manor; -to my sister, Marie Martingdale, Mr. Benjamin Storre, 20_s._; Thomas, -William, and Elizabeth, the three eldest children of my brother Timothy -Kent, deceased, 20_s._ a piece; and to Edward Kent, a new coat; to my -brother, Thomas Booth, ‘Speede’s Chronicles’; to my brother, Richard -Sharpe, my black gelding; to my mother, a 5_s._ piece of silver; to the -poor of Scamblesby, 40_s._; to the poorest of Goulceby, 10_s._ and of -Donington, 10_s._; to everie one of my sisters 10_s._; to my cosen, Alice -Brooke, £3 6_s._ 8_d._, and the horse called ‘Maud,’ &c., &c. My body to -be buried in the chancel. My brother, Thomas Kent, clerk of Donington, -to be executor.” - -N.B.—On the death of the said Thomas Kent, Incumbent of Donington, 13 -years later, he leaves “to my much honored friend, Sir John Munson, my -black colt; to Sir Thomas Munson, my noble friend whom I much honor, my -Spurr Royal; to the Right Honble., my Lord Beaumont, my bald colt; to the -Rectors of Donington, for the time being, and their successors for ever, -my Spalding tythes (these were the gift of the Lady Lucia to Spalding -priory); to the repairs of St. Paul’s church in London, £5.” - -The name Scamblesby means the “By,” _i.e._, farmstead (Scotice Byre) of -the Saxon Skamel; probably his land, amounting to six carucates (or 720 -acres), was that which, through the Lady Lucia, became the property of -Ivo Taillebois, lord of Spalding. - -The parish of Cawkwell, now ecclesiastically annexed to Scamblesby, is of -small extent, being a lordship comprising some 680 acres of land, now the -property of the Duke of Portland; the benefice, a vicarage now valued at -£39 a year, being in the patronage of the Earl of Yarborough, who, as -such, has the alternate presentation with the Bishop of Lincoln, to the -consolidated benefice of Scamblesby with Cawkwell. This property, again, -was among the lands of Ivo Taillebois, acquired by his marriage with the -Saxon heiress, Lucia. Little is known of its past history. It probably -passed through the like vicissitudes as Scamblesby, until it was granted -to Sir Charles Cavendish, of Bolsover Castle, and from him, passed to the -Dukes of Newcastle, the Earl of Oxford, and finally, by the marriage of -his daughter and heiress, to the noble family of Bentinck, the ancestors -of the present Duke of Portland, who, in the present generation, has -married a lady of the almost neighbouring parish of Walmsgate. There was -formerly a priory of Cawkwell, of which Sir William Tyrwhitt was steward. -It was probably not a richly endowed institution, as his fee as steward -was only £1. It would seem to have been a dependency of the much -wealthier priory of Austin Canons, at Nocton. (Dugdale “Monasticon,” -vol. ii., p. 211) - -The Church, dedicated to St. Peter, was demolished, and the materials, in -part, utilized for the rebuilding of Scamblesby church, in 1893. At the -date of Liber Regis (temp. Queen Anne), the benefice was so poor that it -is there described as “not presented to,” and the church has not been -used for divine worship since 1885. Cawkwell house is a substantial -residence, standing in good grounds, and occupied by C. B. Robson, Esq. -The only thing worthy of note in connection with this parish, is that it -was the birth-place, in 1599, of a learned and pious man, Hanserd -Knollys, who was educated at Cambridge, distinguished for his zeal in -religion, appointed master of the Free School at Gainsborough, took Holy -Orders, and was presented by the Bishop of Lincoln to the living of -Humberston. Afterwards, conceiving scruples as to the lawfulness of -certain church observances, he resigned his benefice; for a time, with -the Bishop’s connivance, he preached in various parishes, without using -the church service. He eventually abjured his orders, and joined the -Baptist persuasion, and became one of its pastors in London. The -intolerance of the age forced him to seek refuge in Wales, Holland, -Germany, and even America. He died, Sept., 1691, in the 93rd year of his -age. (Weir’s “Hist. Lincolnshire,” vol. i, p. 301). {181} - -We have mentioned Cawkwell hill. This is one of “the Alps of -Lincolnshire,” and, although there are, among the Wold hills, several -considerably steeper, being on a high road, formerly having much traffic, -it has been the scene of some accidents. Only a few years ago, a -gentleman living near, was driving down the hill in a thunderstorm, when -he was struck by lightening, his carriage was upset, and his horse -afterwards found on the other side of the hedge, he himself recovering -without any serious effects. Sometime in the forties, the late Sir Henry -Dymoke was driving a carriage and pair down the hill, when the horses -bolted. The father of the present writer happened at the time to be -walking down the hill, on his way home from Louth; as the horses dashed -past him he made a spring at the bridle of the near horse, fortunately -catching hold of it, and by running alongside, he succeeded in bringing -the horses to a stand, without injury to anyone. But for this timely -aid, the champion of England might have incurred a more serious ordeal -than that of challenging his sovereign’s enemies. - -The name of this parish, “Calche uuelle,” in Domesday Book, and now -Cawkwell, might have been given with prophetic foresight into the future, -as it is here, from a deep well, the bore of which passes through the -chalk to the gravel below, that a pure and plentiful supply of water is -obtained for the town of Horncastle, and more recently also for the -modern health resort of Woodhall Spa. - - - -SOTBY. - - -Sotby, also in Liber Regis, called Saltby, lies to the west of Ranby, -about 2 miles to the north-west of Great Stourton, and is about 8 miles -north-north-west from Horncastle. Letters, _via_ Wragby, arrive at 9.30 -a.m. This manor, in the reign of the Conqueror, was granted by him to -his half-brother, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, {182} along with many other -demesnes, as mentioned more fully in the account of Ranby. Ralph the -vassal of Odo is mentioned in Domesday Book, as holding “4 carucates,” or -480 acres, with 16 socmen and 3 villeins. The Saxon thane, Ulnod, had -about the same extent. The church had 150 acres of meadow. At an -Inquisition, held 1 Edward II. (No. 107, 11 April, 1308), it was shewn -that Philip de Kyme, enfeoffed his son, William de Kyme, of the manor of -Sotteby, held by the service of half a knight’s fee. This William, in -1334, enfeoffed his nephew, Gilbert de Umfraville, of the manor. He was -Earl of Angus. William’s widow, Joan, married as her 2nd husband, -Nicholas de Cantelupe, who, through her, held the manor of Baumber. -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, pp, 69, 70). This Nicholas de Cantelupe, -founded a chantry in Lincoln Cathedral, dedicated to St. Nicholas. It is -situated to the east of the great south door, under the lesser east -window. On the north side of this chantry, are two altar tombs, one of -which, having a figure clad in surcoat of mail, is the sepulchre of Lord -Cantelupe. In the pavement below, is a slab, in memory of his wife, the -Lady Joan. She founded a small chapel on the east side of the south -transept, dedicated to St. Paul. According to “Testa de Nevill,” Simon -de Kyme, at an earlier date, held lands in Sotby, in chief from the king -(circa, 1242). (“Linc. N. & Q.,” iv., p. 174. Compare Oldfield’s “Hist. -Waynfleet,” p. 168). - -By a Close Roll, 9 Henry VII., No. 30, it is shewn that Sir Robert -Dymmok, knt., was, with others, seized of the manor of Sotby, A.D. 1494. - -By an Inquisition, taken 31 May, 1495 (10 Henry VII.), it was found that -Robert Taillebois, died seized of the manor of Sotby, held from the king, -by the service of half a knight’s fee. (“Linc. N & Q.” ii., p. 141). -His ancestor, Ivo Taillebois, had lands in Baumber. - -The abbot of Bardney had a pension from Sotby, as he also had from -Edlington and other parishes in the neighbourhood. At the Lincolnshire -Rising, in the reign of Hen. VIII., Thomas Yoell, parson of Sotby, though -old and blind took a prominent part in the movement, along with the -rectors of Low Toynton, Belchford, and others. In 1798, Thomas Roe was -rector. The Rev. John Bainbridge-Smith, D.D., headmaster of the -Horncastle Grammar School, held the rectory of Sotby, with that of -Martin-by-Horncastle and the perpetual curacy of Baumber, from 1828 to -1854; he was also Honorary Chaplain to the Duke of Newcastle. He was -succeeded at Sotby, by his son, John Bainbridge-Smith, and the latter -rebuilt the chancel of the church, St. Peter’s, and made other -improvements in 1858–9. The register dates from 1658. Among the entries -is a record that in the year 1728, there were sixteen burials, but no -cause for that excessive mortality is named. The second Rev. J. -Bainbridge-Smith married a daughter of Judge Haliburton, of Nova Scotia, -the author of “Sam Slick,” “The Old Judge,” “Nature and Human Nature,” -&c. He was for some years chaplain at Smyrna. - -When the chancel was taken down in 1858, some interesting relics were -discovered. A sepulchral arch was opened at the north-east end, supposed -to lead to the burial place of the founder of the Pre-Conquest Church. -It was constructed of grey stone. Three very ancient windows, also of -grey stone, and blocked with rubbish, were opened, on the splays of which -were found frescoes, the figures being, so far as they remained, very -distinct. One was a crowned figure, seated, and holding a sceptre in his -left hand, the right hand being stretched out in the attitude of judgment -or command, but the lower part of the arm was wanting. Another was a -female figure, with long tresses, and a robe with lengthy train behind. -A third, was one figure complete, probably the Saviour, with the head -only of another figure, facing him, probably the Magdalen; both heads -being surrounded by a nimbus. The Saviour’s attitude, with uplifted -finger, indicated the giving of some command, probably the _Noli me -tangere_. The fourth subject was apparently a rude representation of the -last supper, the Saviour being in the act of taking the cup. {184} -Copies of these frescoes were made, and are preserved with the registers. -The present writer has copies, from which this description is given. - -When the south and east walls were taken down, a very ancient doorway, -probably Saxon, of grey and red sandstone was found; close beside it was -another doorway of later date. Towards the east end of the south wall, -was found a beautiful geometrical window, the inner arch much broken. -This had apparently been the original east window, but in later times -broken up, and some of the fragments built into the wall in various -parts. All this seemed to indicate that a Saxon church had existed, that -it was rebuilt about the time of the Norman Conquest, with stone found in -the neighbourhood, that in the 13th century it was adorned with frescoes, -an east window, of Lincoln stone, &c. The new chancel was re-opened by -the Bishop of Lincoln, in 1859. (Extract from “Lincolnshire Times,” -Nov., 1859). - -The chief features of the present church are as follows:—The font, -modern, octagonal, and plain. A former very small font, with small bowl -remains, sunk into the base of a recess in the west wall. A small metal, -portable font, is also preserved in the rectory, which was formerly used. -The chancel arch is probably Saxon. It is very low, with massive -supports, has been mutilated, but is still in fairly good condition. In -the south wall of the chancel is a double piscina, supposed to be -peculiar to the 13th century. In the north chancel wall is an easter -sepulchre, with an aumbrey above, having a trefoil moulding in a 13th -century arch. The east window is modern, with three lights. In the -south wall is a two-light window, in memory of J. B. Smith, D.D. In the -floor of the chancel, in the centre, is a slab commemorating John Porter, -rector from 1658 to 1688–9. In the north wall of the nave is one -square-headed window; in the south wall are two similar windows. On the -north wall there is a tablet to J. Scholey. There is only one small bell -hanging in the bell turret. Altogether this church has some very -interesting features. In the parish chest, with the registers, is a copy -made by the late rector, of the transcripts in the Archidiaconal -Registry, dating from 1556 to 1590. - - - -STIXWOULD. - - -This parish is situated about 6 miles westward of Horncastle; the village -being less than a mile from the Stixwould station, on the loop line of -the Great Northern Railway, between Boston and Lincoln. The parish is -bounded on the west by the river Witham, on the north by Horsington, and -on the east and south by Woodhall and Edlington. In Domesday book the -name takes the form of Stigeswald, or Stigeswalt. The origin of this -name can only be a matter of conjecture, but the following, as not being -without interest, is suggested. The ancient arrangement for crossing a -river, especially a sluggish, oozy one, such as the Witham, was commonly -by a stockaded ford. {185} This stockade would be constructed of stakes -or sticks, a kind of structure which is also implied in the names -Stickford, (_i.e._, staked ford), and Stickney (staked water, or island), -both of which places lie in what was formerly a marshy district in this -county. {186a} Hence, we may suppose, the first syllable of the name -Stix (or Sticks) wold; as to the next syllable, “Wold,” or wald, is the -Saxon for wood. At some places certain woods were anciently assigned by -law or custom, for the supply of these stakes. {186b}; and such a wood -might naturally acquire the name of the Stakes wood, or Sticks wold. - -In the case of this parish, as the embankment, now confining the Witham -to its narrow channel, did not anciently exist, that river would then -have a much greater width, and the ford would probably be a long -“causeway” through a morass, raised by sods and strengthened by stakes. -{186c} Mr. C. Gowen-Smith, the translator of Domesday Book, for -Lincolnshire, says (Introduction, p. xl.) that “wad,” or “wode,” means “a -causeway.” We thus, on either of these suppositions, get Stixwould -meaning a staked ford, or causeway. {186d} - -In the days of ancient savage warfare, fords were important positions of -defence; and especially on the Witham would a ford be important, that -river being the boundary between the barbarous “Girvii,” who inhabited -the wild Fen tracts, {186e} and the less warlike Saxons, who dwelt east -of it. A ford also, or ferry, was a source of considerable revenue; for -instance, at Stow, the lord of the manor, in 1234, let the ferry on the -Trent (now of Littleborough), with the fishery, for £3 6_s._ 8_d._ -yearly, a large sum in those days. Thus the staked ford, and the wood -supplying the stakes, may well have been local features of sufficient -importance to originate the name of Stickswold. - -Of the wood formerly existing, there are still some relics, in fine oak -trees of great age; one of these, nearly 20ft. in girth, is to be seen by -the garden gate at the abbey farm house; another stands near the drive to -Halstead Hall, in the east of the parish; and others are nearer the -Witham, in fields adjoining Newstead House farm. The present Stixwould -wood, or Long wood, south of the village, is of comparatively modern -growth; but on the eastern border of the parish is Halstead wood, -separated from Sto-bourne wood, by what, probably, was formerly a “stow,” -“stoke,” or stake-marked “bourn,” or boundary stream, being a ditch of -running water, which gives its name to the latter wood, which lies in the -next parish; the two woods until recent years, belonging to the two -different manors. - -At the time of the Norman Conquest, we find only two names of Saxon -landowners in this parish, viz.:—Ulviet, and Siward, who had here between -them, about 720 acres. Both these would seem to have been thanes of some -importance, as the former held, in demesne or otherwise, lands in at -least ten other parishes, in various parts of the county; and the latter -had lands in eleven parishes, also widely distributed, and further, had -sufficient influence to continue as tenant, under the Norman proprietors, -to whom the Conqueror transferred the lands previously owned by Saxons. -{187} Of Normans, a grant of 270 acres (that amount having been -previously owned by Ulviet,) was conferred by King William, upon Waldin -Brito (or the Breton), a distinguished soldier, who accompanied him from -Normandy. These Bretons were highly valued for their faithful services, -by the Plantagenet kings, and were largely employed in court offices; -Waldin also received manors in eight other parishes in this -neighbourhood. Another favourite of the Conqueror, who received land -here, was Alured, of Lincoln. The Domesday Survey gives him as owning -180 acres of arable, meadow, and wood land in Stixwould, with fifty-one -manors in the county, beside lands elsewhere. - -A still larger proprietor was Ivo Taillebois, Earl of Anjou, and nephew -of the Conqueror. On him, William bestowed in marriage, the Saxon Lady -Lucia, sister of Edgiva, wife of the late King Harold. Beside the lands -of her father, Earl Algar, she had succeeded to the large possessions of -her uncle, Sheriff Thorold, of the neighbouring Bucknall (where -traditions still linger of him, and his sister, the “Lady Godiva.”) She -was probably a kinswoman of the above Alured, of Lincoln, since his -relative, Alan of Lincoln, is named in old deeds, as nephew of Thorold. -Either through her, or by direct grant to himself, Ivo owned 1,020 acres -in Stixwould, beside lands in 104 other parishes. On this Ivo Taillebois -(or “Underwood” as the name signifies), we may here make a few remarks. -He was commonly known as “the Lord of Holland,” through his wife’s -extensive possessions in that division of the county, inherited from -Thorold, her uncle, who was lord of Spalding, and he also had a fine -residence at Spalding, where he lived in great state. He was, however, -of a temperament fitted rather to inspire fear than affection. The -chronicler, Ingulphus (“History of Croyland Abbey,”) tells us, that his -dependants “supplicated him on bended knees, and did him all due -service,” but, in return, he “tortured, harrassed, and daily loaded them -with fresh burdens”; and by his cruelty, “compelled most of them to sell -their property and seek other countries.” On the death of his patron, -the Conqueror, he joined a conspiracy against William Rufus, and was -banished the country. After a few years he was allowed to return, but -died shortly afterwards of paralysis, in 1114. {188} Having been forced -as a husband, by the Conqueror, upon the Lady Lucia, and being further of -the temperament already described, we may assume that, as the saying is, -there was “no love lost” between them, and we are therefore hardly -surprised to find another old chronicler (Peter de Blois), saying, on the -death of Ivo, “hardly had a month elapsed, when the Lady Lucia married -that illustrious man, Roger de Romara, son of Gerald de Romara (seneschal -or high steward of William, as Duke of Normandy), and that she lost all -recollection of Ivo.” - -These are the only two landowners, Saxon or Norman, mentioned in Domesday -Book, as having property in Stixwould. The extent of their lands in the -parish, all added together, amounted to rather less than 2,000 acres, -whereas the present acreage is nearly 2,360, there is therefore a margin -of between 300 and 400 acres unaccounted for; and this we may probably -assume to have been waste land of bog and morass, subject to the Witham -floods, and not brought under cultivation till centuries later. -Accordingly, we find that the parish rate-book shows a sudden rise in -value of certain land, owing to drainage early in the nineteenth century. -We are not able to trace the successive landowners of Stixwould through a -connected series. There would seem to be some confusion in the old -chroniclers, between the Lady Lucia, who married Ivo Taillebois, and -another lady of the same name, probably her daughter, who married Roger -de Romara, {189a} and, on his death, married Ranulph, Earl of Chester. -The eldest son of this Lady Lucia, by Roger de Romara, was William de -Romara, who was created Earl of Lincoln, by King Stephen, A.D. 1140. His -grandson, also William de Romara, married Philippa, daughter of John -Count d’ Alencon, {189b} but died childless. His property would then -pass to the descendants of the second husband of the Lady Lucia II., -viz., Ranulph, Earl of Chester. The latter married his niece, the -Countess Roheis, to Gilbert de Gaunt, whose grandfather was nephew of -Matilda, wife of William the Conqueror. He became Earl of Lincoln, and -it is probable that the Earl of Chester’s property passed to him; among -other such lands, being also those in Stixwould, and in this connection, -it is interesting to note that, although in a less exalted position, -there are still, in this twentieth century, Gaunts in this parish, whose -very countenance would bespeak their Norman origin. In course of time, -the lands of the Gaunts, passed, in great measure, to two families, -namely, that of the Becks of Lusby, Spilsby, &c., and the Pinsons of -Tattershall, &c. These two families flourished during the 13th, 14th, -and 15th centuries, and they, in turn, were succeeded by the Willoughbys, -ancestors of the present Earl of Ancaster, and Lord Willoughby d’Eresby. -A Court Roll, 9 Richard I., shows that Robt. Willoughby had then land in -the adjoining Wispington, but there is indirect evidence to show that the -Willoughbys had also property in Stixwould, since, in the twenty-second -year of Edwd. III. (1348), John, the first Lord Willoughby d’Eresby, -endowed the chantry of the Holy Trinity, at Spilsby, with certain lands -in Stixwould, Fulletby, and other parishes (Pat., 22 Ed III); while -further, in a charter of Baron Bek (circa 1300), conveying lands to -Kirkstead Abbey, we find as witnesses to the deed, William de Wylcheby -(_i.e._, Willoughby), two Beks, William de Thorp, and “Dominus,” Theobald -de Hallested (“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, p. 38); thus connecting, -again, Halstead, or Stixwould, with a Willoughby, as well as his -relatives, the Beks, of Spilsby, and the owners of Tattershall Thorpe. - -At an earlier date than this, however, we find mention of other owners of -Stixwould. In a list of landowners in Lindsey, in the reign of Henry I. -(1100, 1135), we find Alan of Lincoln (already referred to as kinsman of -Alured), owning six oxgangs (ninety acres), in this parish, with Gilbert -Fitz-Gozelin, and Gerard as his tenants, as Siward had been under Alured; -also Robert de Hay, owning here, one carucate (120 acres). (Cotton MSS., -Claudius, C 5, fol. 9_b._, Brit. Museum, “Archit. Journ.,” 1881, p. 197.) - -The de Hays were a wealthy family, owning lands in Cammerigham, -Spridlington, Fillingham, Hackthorn, Owmby, Barlings and many other -parishes. (Ibid, pp. 184, 185, &c.) One of them was among the Barons -who signed the Magna Charter. - -At the same date, we find a certain Ralph de Stixwald, holding land in -Edlington, as tenant under Ranulph le Meschin; the latter being the -second husband of the (second) Lady Lucy, Earl of Chester, and son of the -Vicomte de Bessin, in Normandy. (Ibid., fol. 14, and “Archæolog. S. -Proceedings,” 1848, p. 257). - -Near the close of this 12th century (1 and 3 Richard I., 1190 and 1192), -we find Roger de Stixwald (with Gerard de Camvill), Sheriff of the -County. He was probably son of the above Ralph de Stixwould. (“Hist. -Lincoln,” 1816, p. 200). These de Stikswalds resided at Halstead Hall, -in this parish, which will be noticed hereafter under that head. - -By an Inquisition, taken at Wragby (5 Richard II., 1381–2), it was shewn -that Margaret, wife of John de Orbi, knight (Orby), held jointly with her -husband, fifty-two acres of wood in Tattershall and Stixwold, with -various other lands; and that Mary de Percy, wife of John de Roos, is -their next heir; but that her brother, the Earl of Northumberland, -occupied the land meanwhile. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. vi., No. 47). Her -will was proved 29th Augt. 1394. Mentions of other owners in subsequent -times are rather rare. - -On the Dissolution of the Monasteries, by Hen. VIII., that sovereign in -1541, gave the lands of Stixwould Priory in this parish, to Robert -Dighton. The Dightons had amassed considerable wealth, as merchants in -Lincoln. A Robert Dighton was Mayor in 1494, and again in 1506, and -William Dighton was Sheriff in 1533. The Robert Dighton, who thus became -a landowner in Stixwould, resided at the old hall of Stourton Parva, in -the parish of Baumber, dividing the ownership of that parish with the -Earls of Lincoln, afterwards Dukes of Newcastle. He married Joyce, -daughter and heiress of William St. Paul; the St. Pauls being a good -family, later represented by Sir George St. Paul, Bart., who died in -1613. Robert Dighton’s daughter, married first, Judge Dalison, and -secondly, Sir F. Ayscough, Bart. (“Archit. Journ.,” 1891, p. 16). -Members of both these families took part in the Lincolnshire Rising of -1536, along with John Heneage, Edwd. Dymoke (Sheriff), William -Willoughby, Thimblebies, Massingberds, and many others. (“State Papers,” -Henry VIII., vol. ii. p. 971, “Architect. S. Journal,” 1894. pp. 174, -&c). A daughter of Thomas Dighton married Edwd. Clinton, second son of -the first Earl of Lincoln, of that line (temp. Elizabeth.) - -Another family, here comes on the scene, viz., the Thimblebys, who -resided at Poolham, a hamlet of the adjoining parish of Edlington; and -for some generations owned land in Stixwould. Their chief residence was -at Irnham, near Bourn, where Richard Thimbleby Esq., in 1510, built the -hall, a fine mansion, standing in a well-wooded deer park; having -acquired the property by marriage with an heiress of the Hiltons, whose -ancestor, Sir Geoffrey Hilton, again, had obtained it by marriage with an -heiress of the Luterels; that family having also succeeded to it in the -person of Sir Andrew Luterel, who married an heiress of the Paganels, on -whose ancestor, the Norman, Ralph Paganel, it had been bestowed by the -Conqueror. The pedigree of the Thimblebys is given in the Herald’s -Visitation of 1562. They owned property in Claxby, Normanby, Tetford -(manor with advowson), Haltham, High Toynton, Horsington (with moiety of -advowson), and many other parishes. They doubtless took their name from -the proximate parish of Thimbleby, as we find them first designated as -John, Thomas, &c., “de Thimbleby.” - -By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, of date, 1333 (7 Ed. III.), taken -on Friday after the feast of St. Matthew (Sep. 21), at Haltham, it was -shewn that Nicholas de Thymelby held certain land in Haltham, of the -right of his wife Matilda, with lands in Thimbleby, under the Bishop of -Carlisle, and lands in Stikeswold, of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. -He was succeeded by his son John, who married Isabel, daughter and -co-heir of Sir William Fflete, knt., and his successor, William Thymelby, -Esq., apparently married Joan, daughter of Sir Walter Taillebois, one of -the family connected with Stixwould, through the Lady Lucia, already -named, nearly 400 years earlier; Sir Walter was grandnephew of Gilbert -Umfravill, Earl of Angus. (“Architect. Journ.,” 1896, pp. 297–8). - -Again (nearly 200 years later), by a Court of Ward’s Inquisition (3, 4, -5, Ed. VI.,) it was shown that Matthew Thimbleby, who married Anne, -daughter of Sir Robert Hussey, was seised of lands in Styxwolde, -Horsington, Edlington, Thymylby, Buckland (_i.e._ Woodhall), &c., -inheriting them from his father (Ibid. p. 258). His widow married Sir -Robert Savile, knt., of Poolham, and through her, he died in 1585–6 -(Jany. 24), seised of the same land in Stixwolde, &c. - -We now pass over eighty years, during which another change in the -ownership has taken place. - -In 1665, and again in 1685, Sir John Coventry, K.B. presented to the -benefice, and was probably lord of the manor. At the beginning of the -18th century, Sir Thomas Keate had succeeded as patron (Ecton’s -“Thesaurus,” p. 183) and his widow, Agnes Keate, was owner in 1704. -(Liber Regis, p. 424). This name is written Kyte, in the “Histories of -Lincolnshire,” by Weir, and by Saunders. They are said to have been a -Warwickshire family; the last of them, Sir William, squandered a large -fortune, and, in a fit of despair, set fire to his fine mansion in the -Cotswold hills, and himself perished in the flames. The manor of -Stixwould had been previously sold by him to Lord Anson, the -distinguished Naval Commander, and Circumnavigator, Lord High Admiral of -England, &c., who presented to the benefice in 1753. On his death, in -1762, his son, Thomas Anson, Esq., of Shuckborough, Co. Stafford, -succeeded to the property, and presented to the benefice in 1767. - -In 1763, Mary Lister, fourth daughter of Matthew Lister, Esq., of Burwell -Park, near Louth, married (19 May), Thomas Elmhirst, Esq., of Stixwould -(Parish Register of Burwell, quoted “Archit. Soc. Journal,” 1897, p. 92). -He was probably at that time tenant of the Abbey Farm House. Matthew -Lister, her father, had married Grace, widow of Sir Edward Boughton, -Bart., daughter, and co-heir of Sir John Shuckborough, Bart., of -Shuckborough, at which place also resided the above-named Thomas Anson, -son of Lord Anson. - -The whole estate of Stixwould was afterwards purchased by Edmund Turnor, -Esq., of Stoke Rochford, who first presented to the benefice in 1778, his -nominee, as Vicar, being a member of a very old Lincolnshire family, -Bernard Cracroft, who also held the Vicarage of Bardney. A former Sir -Edmund Turnor was knighted by Charles II., in 1663, as a reward for -services rendered to that king’s martyred father. The property still -remains with this family. Among the gentry of Lincolnshire named at the -Heralds’ Visitation in 1634, is Edwd. Broxholme “of Stixwould,” who seems -to have had relatives at Lincoln, North Kelsey, Grimsby, Nettleham, and -elsewhere among the county gentry; one of them, John of Otbye, -contributing £25 to the national loan for defence against the Spanish -Armada. (“Linc. N. & Q.” ii., pp. 9 and 134). Whether this Edward -Broxholme was a landowner in Stixwould, or a tenant, does not appear. He -resided at the Priory. - -We now give a brief notice of Stixwould Priory, dedicated to the blessed -Virgin Mary. This was founded by the Lady Lucia (_i.e._, the second of -that name), and her two sons, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, and William de -Romara, Earl of Lincoln (Leland “Collect.,” vol. i., p. 92), in the reign -of Stephen. The Rev. Thos. Cox, in his “Lincolnshire” (of date, 1719), -ascribes the foundation to Galfred de Ezmondeys. {194} Doubtless, at -different periods, additions and augmentations were made to the original -institution, entitling the benefactors to be numbered among the -“fundatores”; but the general testimony of Leland, Dugdale, and others, -is in favour of the Lady; whose uncle, Sheriff Thorold, was a benefactor -to Croyland Abbey, and founded Spalding Priory, his sister, the Lady -Godiva, also (as the Chronicler Henry of Huntingdon tells us), spending -much of her vast wealth in building monasteries and churches, while her -descendant, William de Romara II., founded Revesby Abbey. By an -Inquisition taken 3 Edwd. I. (1275), it was found that the lands held by -the Priory, given by these and other benefactors, had been so held for -100 years (Dugdale’s “Monasticon” i., p. 56, No. 486); and further, by an -Inquisition at Stamford, in the same reign, it was found that the Priory -had certain lands at Huntingdon, from divers benefactors (“Ibid.” ii., p. -223, No. 809), one of these being Alexander Creveceur, a member of a -distinguished Norman family, who owned lands in Somersby, circa A.D., -1242, and in several other parishes in this neighbourhood; the name also -appearing in the Battle Roll. They are now represented by the de -Courcy’s whose chief, Lord Kinsale, is premier Baron of Ireland, and -entitled by royal warrant to the singular privilege of keeping his hat on -in the Sovereign’s presence. Besides the Huntingdon property, the Priory -possessed house property in Lincoln, 900 acres of land in Honington, 120 -in Bassingthorpe, 120 in Bucknall, 42 in Wyberton, 249 in Stixwould, with -the advowson of the Church; smaller amounts in Westby, Waynfleet, -Horkstow, Wymondham, Low Toynton, Tupholme, the advowson of Waynfleet -benefice; 2 tofts in Horsington, to provide candles for the altar, and a -pension from Alford; while the Prioress also received as lesser -perquisites, obits, mortuaries, Easter offerings, “shot for wax,” -“Lincoln farthings,” “Assize of bread and beer,” and various “fines and -amerciaments.” (Oliver’s “Religious Houses,” pp. 65, 6.) - -As to the particular ecclesiastical order to which this Priory belonged, -authorities differ. In Thomas Coxe’s “Lincolnshire” (already referred -to), it is called a Gilbertine Institution; Stukeley (in his “Itinerarium -Curiosum,” vol. i., p. 88), calls it Benedictine; while Dugdale, in his -“Monasticon,” vol. i., No. 486, places it among the Benedictines, and in -vol. ii., No. 809, gives it as Gilbertine; while Noble and others call it -Cistercian. The Cistercians, however, were only a stricter sect of the -Benedictines. The early training of Gilbert had been mainly Cistercian, -and we shall therefore probably be right in saying that Stixwould Priory -was at first a Gilbertine, and afterwards changed to a Benedictine -establishment of the strictest order. As to the strictness of the -regulations, we gather full evidence from the accounts given by Dr. -Oliver, in his “Religious Houses on the Witham,” from which we here make -a few quotations. We may premise that, although the sisterhood consisted -nominally of a Prioress and Nuns, there was a resident male “Master of -the Nuns” (Court Rolls, 6 Richard I.); and, at times, at least, according -to Leland (“Collect.,” i., p. 92), there were also “Brothers” (fratres), -as at the Sempringham House, which Gilbert founded. The time of the nuns -was chiefly spent in works of charity, reading legends of the Saints, -solitary meditation and prayer (a perfunctory repetition of devotions, -which must too often have been deadening, rather than invigorating, to -spiritual life), and needlework, such as the embroidery of altar cloths, -&c. {196a} They were not even allowed to converse with each other, -except on permission from the Prioress; they could only converse with -friends from outside through a grating “of the length of a finger, and -barely a thumb’s breadth,” and with a veil over it, in the presence of -two “discreet sisters”; and all letters were inspected by the Prioress. -The Convent was so shut in by walls, as “scarcely (it was said) to leave -an entrance for birds,” and, during divine service, the door of the -choir, where they sat, was closed, so that they could not see, or be seen -by, strangers. The diet was of the plainest, and if a nun was -disobedient, it was reduced to bread and water. They were not allowed to -go beyond the Priory walls except to visit the sick, or attend funerals; -and even in the Priory garden, usually a resort for monastic recreation, -but an indulgence only granted to these sisters on Sundays and festivals, -they were allowed to pluck only jessamine and violets, except by special -permission. These rules, however, were occasionally relaxed; they were -permitted to cultivate music and dancing, and even to attend the village -sports (Oliver, p. 67, note 8); and the Prioress, who by charter had free -warren over the Priory lands, is said to have indulged in hawking and -hunting (Placit. de quo Warranto, 22 Edwd. I.) {196b} This house was -dissolved with more than 600 other monastic establishments by Henry VIII. -in the 27th year of his reign (A.D. 1536); a year later he founded in its -place, and with the same revenues, “for the good of his soul, and that of -his Consort Jane,” a Premonstratensian house, which, however, only -continued two years, when it, in turn, was abolished. The last Prioress -under the old regime was Helena Key; the first and only Prioress, under -the new regime, being Mary Missenden (Dugdale “Monast.,” iii., No. 81.) -The estates, as already mentioned, were bestowed, on the final -dissolution of this house, upon Robert Dighton. According to Speed, the -historian, the value of the estates was £163 1_s._ 2½_d._, which was in -those days a considerable sum. The steward for some of the Lindsey -estates of the Priory was John Heneage, brother of Sir Thomas Heneage of -Hainton; for others of the estates in the same division, Sir Robert -Dymoke; for the estates in Kesteven, Sir Robert Hussey, a younger brother -of Lord Hussey, of Sleaford; these two brothers having between them no -less than 23 stewardships for religious houses, that post being one of no -small emolument. - -Nothing now remains of the Priory itself, beyond some stone coffins lying -close to the north wall of the parish church, which were found to the -west of the Abbey Farm house. There remained, however, until 1846, when -they were removed to give space for the present farm buildings, a postern -gate, and the east end of the Priory chapel {197} with a window of the -date of Edwd. III.; under the arch of the gateway were the arms of the -Leake family of Lincolnshire carved on a truss of wood, “Argent a chief, -gules, over all a bend engrailed, azure.” A rough sketch of these -remains by Mr. Willson, architect, is in the possession the lord of the -manor and from it a sketch is given by the Rev. J. A. Penny, late Vicar, -in vol. iii., of “Linc. N. & Q.” p. 161. The moat round the Priory -enclosed an area of about 4 acres, and was connected with the Witham, -about three-quarters of a mile distant, doubtless for the conveyance of -goods to the monastery, as well as for the renewal of the moat water, and -that of the stew ponds, a matter of some importance where a supply of -fish was required for the “fasting” diet of “the religious.” - -We now proceed to a description of the church, dedicated to St. Peter, -which possesses features of more than usual interest. This was rebuilt -in 1831, the architect being Mr. W. A. Nicholson, of Lincoln. - -The former building was on the same site as the present, but larger. -Wilson (architect, of Lincoln), in a MS. collection of churches (vol. -ii., p. 87), has the following notes on the earlier fabric:—“Stixwould, -spacious; has been elegant, full of curious remnants; style, Edwd. VI. or -Henry VIII.; tower very handsome, but much decayed, the walls being built -of soft-grained stone (_i.e._, the usual ‘Spilsby’ sandstone). Interior -has been very beautiful, lofty pointed arches, roof of nave and south -aisle supported on rich carved figures of angels, with shields, etc.; -windows full of scattered remnants of beautiful stained glass; old oak -desks and benches with carved (finials); curious font; upper end of south -aisle inclosed by two screens of oak, mutilated, but exquisitely rich and -elegant; this is called ‘the little choir,’ and belongs to Halstead Hall -in Stixwould; choir screen very lofty, with front of rood-loft over it, -painted with Ten Commandments, in ‘black letter’; choir same date as -nave; east window spoilt; some ancient slabs, one of two children of the -Welby family (this is now lost) in the little choir; both aisles have had -altars; two bells; curious stone, with letters like a clock face, in -front of tower {198} (N.B.—This was removed some years ago, to Newport, -Lincoln, but has been seen at Stixwould by the present writer). Base and -part of pillar of churchyard cross remain; Mr. Turnor (lord of the -manor), took some painted glass from the church ‘to the Hall at Stoke -Rochford’.” So far, Mr. Willson. We may add that the panels of the -pulpit of Lea Church, 12 miles beyond Lincoln, were taken from Stixwould. - -As to the present fabric, I have been favoured with the following -observations by the Rev. J. Alpass Penny, Vicar of Wispington, formerly -of Stixwould. The church consists of nave, chancel, and a good tower -containing two bells; one of these being exactly the same as that in the -Guildhall at Lincoln, with date 1370, dedicated to “St. Katrine,” with -Nottingham foundry mark, founder’s initials, and merchant’s mark. The -pinnacles and figures on the tower are from the former tower; the choir -screen, now only one third of the original, consists of three equal-sized -bays, the central one forming a doorway; and has been pronounced by Dr. -F. Mansel Sympson (“Architectural S. Journal,” 1890, p. 211) to be “of -excellent work;” it has however, been recently removed, by the late vicar -(in 1899), from the chancel arch to its eastern wall, and now forms a -rather elegant reredos. The chancel was enlarged, and the nave reseated, -in 1864. The stone slab in the nave floor, nearest to the Chancel arch, -of date 1722, is in memory of a Boulton, who, as well as his ancestors -for several generations, resided at the Abbey Farm house: he stabbed his -mother to death in the little chapel outside the Priory gate, no longer -existing. {199} The stone figure-heads and angels within the church -belonged to the former edifice, as did also the bench ends south of the -nave. The royal arms, with date 1662, formerly in the church, are now in -a wall of the entrance hall at the Abbey Farm house; and the holy water -stoup is now under the pump in the school yard. There is a fine slab, -with cross, lying outside the tower, which was dug up on the site of the -Priory, also a stone coffin; other fragments were found in the vicarage -garden. The font is octagonal, divided into panels by rich pinnacles -with lions and flowers, the panels bearing four quaintly-cut emblems of -the Evangelists, with names in black letter, but now very indistinct; the -figures between them being a monk, seated in chair, and holding Y in his -hand, representing January; next, a man with arms akimbo, facing east, -meaning February; next, a friar, for March; and next, a man in flat cap -with sword, holding a rose in his left hand, and his right resting on his -belt, for April. This curious font is engraved, in outline, by James -Sandly Padley, in his work “Selections from the Ancient Monastic, -Ecclesiastical, and Domestic Edifices of Lincolnshire.” Waterlow, 1851. - -The register dates from 1543. In a parish book are some curious items -between 1624 and 1629, or the early years of the reign of Charles I. -These shew that the parish overseers “held the artillery in charges,” -also the “town musket and knapsack.” The military forces were at that -time a sort of militia, maintained by local rates, and every parish -contributed towards it, in money, arms, and accoutrements. Probably -these contributions were sometimes compounded for by a lump payment, as -we here find mention of a sum being paid “for excusing of the town” from -its liability. There is also mention of alms being given to certain -persons who had been taken prisoners “by the Dunkirkers” _i.e._, the -Dunkirk privateers. This, however, must belong to a rather later date, -since the English and Dutch were in conflict at Dunkirk in 1635, and -Dunkirk was taken by the French and English from the Spaniards, and -finally handed over to England, in the last year of Cromwell’s -administration, June, 1658. - -Mention is also made of the payment of “dog-whippers,” officials who -drove dogs out of the church at the time of service. In some churches in -Wales the whips are still to be seen. Another item is the payment of -“dyke-reeve,” a very useful official in parishes in, or bordering on, the -fens, where inundations were only to be avoided by keeping the “dykes and -meres” in proper order. - -We are enabled to give here a list of the vicars of Stixwould from A.D. -1425 to the present time, except for an interval of about 70 years, -through the researches of Mr. Gibbon, author of “Early Lincolnshire -Wills.” Thomas Lane, 1425–1440; Giles Storror, 1440–1472; John -Shadworth, 1472–1482; Thomas Tymson, 1482–1485; Alexander Anyson, -1485–1502; John Aby, 1502–1520; John Robynson, 1520–1530; John Oregower, -1530. Down to this date, all appointments had been made by the Lady -Prioress; and there is a gap in Mr. Gibbon’s list till 1603. We are, -however, able partly, if not entirely, to fill up the gap, since we find -that in 1548, Thomas Wilson, clerk, S.T.B., was presented by Edmund -Dighton, of Donington (kinsman, doubtless, of Robert Dighton, to whom the -Priory estates were granted by Henry VIII. on the Dissolution), “this -turn of advowson being given by the late Prioress and convent of B.V.” -(Institutions to Benefices, “Architectural Journal,” 1898, p. 476, No. -328). Also, in a List of Institutions in the 16th century, without date, -but among several others in the middle of that century (“Linc. N. & Q.” -vol. vi., No. 45, p. 10), we find John Cressie, clerk, appointed by -Thomas Disney, of Carlton-in-Moreland, gentleman, by grant of the -Prioress to him and others, vacant by resignation of John Boysworth, and -these three nominations may well have embraced the 70 years. The next -vicar was probably Richard Travisse, who is mentioned in Mr. Gibbon’s -list as signing, in 1603, a bequest (and therefore, we may assume, near -the close of his vicariate) of “xl_s._”, the interest to be used “for the -benefit of the poor, and church, of Stixwould.” He was succeeded by -Thomas Burton, buried October 21st, 1617. Then followed Francis Bowman, -vicar in 1618; Richard Skiggs, 1648; John Skelton, 1665: a note here -states that from 1677 to 1704, being in the time of Mr. Fox, vicar, the -registers were all on loose papers, and were lost by W. Reading, vicar. -(This Thomas Fox was appointed by Sir John Coventry, K.B., in 1685). He -was succeeded by William Reading, just named; who was followed by Anthony -Baker, appointed by Lord Anson, 1753; George Blennerhaysett (also vicar -of Saxilby) was appointed by Thomas Anson in 1767; Bernard Cracroft (also -vicar of Bardney) was the first nominee of Edmund Turnor, of Panton, in -1778; William Mounsey, 1802; Washbourn Uvedale, 1832, who died within the -year; William Gurdon Moore, 1833; John Francis Wray, 1839; John Woodlands -Watkin, 1852; William Lush, 1870; William Bennett, 1881; J. A. Penny, -1888; A. R. Wilson, 1896; James Bryan Turner, 1901. - -We now proceed to treat of the Halstead Hall estate, in this parish, -formerly a distinct lordship. The earliest mention we can find of this -as a separate manor, is in the 13th century, a deed of that period naming -Roger, son of Roger de Stixwould, and Sir Theobald de Stykeswald, knight: -this Theobald also witnessed a deed as “Dominus Theobaldus de Halstead,” -May 22nd, 1281. (“Linc. N. & Q.” 1897, p. 82). Their grandfather would -appear to have been the Roger de Stixwould who, with Gerard de Camvill, -was sheriff of Lincoln A.D. 1190, and again 1192–1193. In the survey of -the county, made between 1114 and 1118, Ralph de Stixwould is named as -holding 1 carucate and 4 oxgangs (180 acres) in Edlington, under Ranulph -de Meschin, Earl of Lincoln, son of the second Lady Lucia, already -referred to. We may therefore infer that these four generations, at that -early period, resided at Halstead, being designated indifferently “de -Stikeswald” or “de Halstead.” We have then to pass over an interval of -more than 180 years, when, in 1465, a Richard Welby, of Moulton, names -Halstead in his will as part of his property. He was sheriff in 1471, -and M.P., 1472. We find a Chancery Inquisition (18 Henry VII., No. 96) -held at Spalding, 24 April, 1503, whereby it was shown that Thomas Welby, -who was sheriff in 1492, died October 16, 1497, seised of the manors of -Moulton, Freeston, Sutton, Farlesthorpe, and Halstead, besides lands in -several other parishes. (“Architectural S. Journal,” 1895, p. 18). - -His will was dated Dec. 9, 1493; the executors being Sir Edward Borough, -knt., Sir G. Tailbois, knt. (a name, as we have seen, already connected -with this parish), and others. - -He was succeeded in these possessions by his son and heir, another Thomas -Welby. In 1586, Vincent Welby, “of Hawstead” Esq., is mentioned, along -with Thomas Dighton, of Waddingworth (another name already mentioned in -connection with Stixwould), Sir E. Dymmock, Sir G. Heneage, etc., as -contributing “horses and lances” for the defence of the country against -the Spanish Armada. (“Architect. S. Journal,” 1894, p. 213). This -Vincent Welby was son of the above, second, Thomas Welby, {202} by -Dorothy, daughter of Vincent Grantham, of Goltho, near Wragby, and of St. -Martin’s Lincoln; a name still surviving in good position in the county. -Vincent Welby also subscribed, in 1589, £25 towards the loan for the -defence of the country, along with his neighbours, Robert Phillips, of -Wispington, Robt. Smithe, of Horsington, Willm. Heneage, of Benington, -and others. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. 133). - -In 1561, March 21st, Richard Welby, of Halstead, was granted the crest of -“an arm armed, the hand charnell (_i.e._, flesh-coloured or ‘proper’) -yssving out of a cloud, azure, in a flame of fire,” the arms are “sable a -fess, between three fleur de lys, argent,” with six quarterings. This -coat of arms is said to have been formerly over a mantelpiece in Halstead -Hall, but was removed, several years ago, to Denton Hall. In the year -1561, this Richard Welby, of Halstead, was Sheriff of Lincoln. There are -many entries of the Welbys in the parish registers of Stixwould; the last -of these occurs in 1598. - -The next who owned, and resided at Halstead, was Richard Evington, who -was buried at Stixwould. By his will, dated 22nd January, 1612, he left -his lands in Edlington and other places to his two sons, Maurice and -Nicholas, and bequeathed the sum of £4 10_s_. “yearlie, at the discretion -of my executors, to the poore of Stixwolde, on the 25th March, and 29th -Sept.” This family did not, apparently, long remain at Halstead, since -we find entries in the Register of the death of this Richard, 10 March, -1610; and the baptism of Maurice, son of Nicholas Evington, 2 Nov., 1611; -and we hear no more of them, another family succeeding, of whom there are -the following mentions in the register:—“Mr. George Townshend Esqr. died -att Halstead and was buried att Waddingworth on Wednsdaie _night_ the -13th of Februarie 1627,” and “Mr. Kirkland Snawden [note the local -pronunciation for Snowden] and Mrs. Townsend married the 25th of December -being Christmas daie 1628.” {203} No reason is assigned for the somewhat -unusual burial by night (though still occasionally practised), but he was -probably a Papist, not entitled to burial in a Protestant churchyard. -Notice is specially drawn to the second entry, by a hand with finger -extended towards it, sketched in the margin, implying probably some -covert allusion. This Kirkland Snowden was a grandson of the Bishop of -Carlisle, his father, the Bishop’s son, being Vicar of Horncastle, the -rectorship being vested in the Bishop of Carlisle, who had a residence in -Horncastle at that time, at the back of the premises now occupied by -Messrs. Lunn and Dodson. Mr. George Townshend belonged to the Norfolk -family of that name, and left his Manor of Cranworth in that county to -his eldest son Thomas. This Kirkland Snowden is elsewhere named Rutland -Snowden. Their eldest son, Robert, had a daughter Jane, who married -Charles Dymoke of Scrivelsby, and their eldest daughter Abigail, married -Edward Dymoke, younger son of Sir Edward Dymoke, 18 July, 1654, and was -ancestress of the Tetford branch of the Dymokes, now also (1904) of -Scrivelsby. - -After this the Gibbon family lived at Halstead, coming from Tealby, and -are supposed to have owned it, the baptism of “John Gibon” being -registered in 1666. Another owner of Halstead was Sir John Coventry, -Bart., who as before stated, presented to the benefice of Stixwould in -1685. His sister married the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, who is said to -have been entertained more than once with a large retinue at Halstead. -Sir John was the subject of various attacks, for using offensive language -concerning his eccentric Sovereign, Charles II, asking in Parliament -“whether the King’s pleasure lay in the men, or women players” at the -theatres; in consequence of which “The Coventry Act” was passed in 1671, -making it felony to maim or disfigure a person, and declaring the -Sovereign incompetent to pardon such offenders. Halstead, subsequently, -became the property of Sir William Kyte, or Keate; then of Lord Anson, -and his son Thomas Anson, who presented to the benefice in 1767, and it -was in 1778, bought by Edmund Turnor, Esq., of Stoke Rochford. Having -been the residence of these various owners of wealth and position, we can -hardly doubt that Halstead Hall was formerly much larger then it is at -present, and there still remains, as a part of the farm buildings, a -lofty structure with stone-framed windows; the walls being of brick, -smaller than those of modern times, and relieved by diamond-shaped -patterns of black bricks, indicating a care and taste in the style of -erection, which would hardly have been bestowed upon a mere barn. It -probably dates from the 15th century. {204} The present Hall, probably -erected in the 16th century, is a two-storeyed structure; the rooms not -large, but lofty, their height on the ground floor being over 10ft, and -on the upper floor more than 13ft, with spacious attics above, for -stores; the walls are very substantial, being 2½ft. thick; while the -windows, with their massive mullions of Ancaster stone, would indicate a -much larger building; and foundations of further buildings have, from -time to time, been discovered. - -In recent times Halstead Hall has been chiefly remarkable for the great -robbery, which occurred there on February 2nd, 1829, the details of which -are so peculiar that we give them here. The Hall was at that time -occupied by the farming tenant, Mr. Wm. Elsey, his wife, and servants. -At 8 o’clock in the evening, when the servant men went out to “supper-up” -the horses, they were attacked by seven or eight men, thrown down, their -legs tied, and their hands secured behind their backs, and each was left -in a separate stall of the stable. The stable door was then locked, and -one of the gang was stationed outside to keep watch. The thieves then -went to the Hall, and knocked at the back door. One of the servant girls -asked who was there; when the answer was given, “Open the door, Betsy.” -She did so; when four or five men rushed into the kitchen. One of the -maids escaped, and ran to the room where her master and mistress were -sitting. Mr. Elsey was smoking his pipe; Mrs. Elsey preparing something -for supper. She saved the silver spoon, which she was using, by slipping -it into her bosom. Mr. Elsey seized the poker to defend himself; but, on -seeing their number, he prudently laid it down. They then rifled his -pockets, took his watch and money; also making Mrs. Elsey empty her -pockets. They then obliged the two to go into a large closet, locked the -door, and tied a hayfork across it. They then collected what plate they -could find, to the value of about £30, and £50 in cash; taking also all -the silk handkerchiefs they could find. They then ransacked the -property, and made a hearty meal. Mrs. Elsey, in her confinement close -by, complained to them that she was very cold, and begged them to let her -out to get to the fire. Accordingly, one of them brought her out to the -fire; but seeing that she was noticing them, he ordered her to go into -the closet again, giving her some of the overcoats, which were hanging in -the passage near. When they had got all they wanted, they compelled Mr. -Elsey to go upstairs, one walking before him, and another behind, each -holding a pistol. They then obliged Mrs. Elsey to follow him. Having -locked up the two once more in the closet, the marauders went off with -their plunder, wishing them good night, and saying that, if any alarm was -given, they would return to retaliate. About two hours afterwards, Mr. -Elsey, with the aid of a knife and small hammer, succeeded in making a -hole through the brick wall of the closet, through which one of the maids -was able to thrust her arm and set them at liberty. The only article -recovered was a plated coffee-pot found in Halstead wood, which the -thieves had thrown away. The footpath, outside this wood, passes near a -farmhouse, and the farmer named Sleight, heard the voices of the thieves -as they went by in the night; and some of them were found drunk by the -roadside next morning. An old woman still alive (1904), and aged 93, has -told the writer that she remembers this robbery well; that two of the -robbers were hanged together at Lincoln, with a sheep-stealer “Bill -Clarke,” the last time that offence was punished by hanging; these two -were known as “Lister,” (others say “Tippler,”) and “Tiger Tom”; {206a} -the latter was a desperate character, and it was thought that no one -would take him; but two men, powerfully built and fearless, David English -of Hameringham, and a keeper named Bullivant, were set to the task, and -they succeeded in running their men down at “The Bungalow,” a small -public house on the bank of the Witham at Boston. {206b} Of the last -hanged it is said, that he was such a bad character, that his own mother -foretold that he would “die in his shoes,” and that, on the scaffold, he -shook off his shoes, in order to falsify her prediction. One of them, -who was transported for life, leagued with two other criminals on board -the same vessel, and the three were caught in the act of attempting to -scuttle the ship, and were afterwards thrown overboard. As a tinge of -romance not uncommonly has attended daring exploits of this character, it -was remarked at the time that Italian banditti could hardly have planned -the robbery more cleverly, or carried it out with more deliberate -courage. Some mystery seemed to hang about the apparent leader of the -party, whose demeanour was said to be above that of his temporary -position; and one of them, Timothy Brammar, was exalted into a hero, by -being celebrated in a ballad. - -There are some rather singular field-names in this parish; as -“Bull-pingle,” to the east, one field from the road to Horsington; -“pingle” being a Lincolnshire word for a small inclosure (Brogden’s -“Provincial Words.”) “The Devil’s Parlour” is a triangular field, -abutting on “The Monk’s Drain,” adjoining the Bull-pingle. “The Coulter -Cast” adjoins Poolham Ings; it is a narrow strip, probably difficult to -plough; hence the names adjoining this, are the “High” and “Low” -“Priest’s Fields.” All these fields are in the Halstead manor. In -Stixwould proper, is “The Field,” _par excellence_, probably one of the -earliest clearings, and so named to distinguish it from the “Wood,” or -“Would,” the “Field,” was where the trees had been “felled;” then there -are the “Warren Field,” “The Sykes,” “Hemp-yard,” the “Town Close,” -probably where the villeins had right of common pastures. “Coney-Green,” -like the “Warren Field,” has a reference to the rabbits, being the term -used in Norman law, for warren, although in some cases, like the -“Coney-Garth,” at Bardney, or “Coney-Green,” at Edlington, it means, -probably, the “King’s Enclosure.” Such names as “Steer Piece,” “Ewes -Walk,” “Sheep-cote Lane” (_i.e._, Sheep Bank Lane,) and “Cow Legs,” speak -for themselves. There is also the “Mill Field,” although there is no -tradition of a mill having existed; possibly there may have been a mill -in connection with the drainage. At the junction of the three roads, -east of the village, the Roman “Trivium,” formerly stood, what to the -rustic offender was no “trivial” matter, the village stocks, doubtless -with the usually concomitant “whipping post.” These stood on what was -called “The Town Mound,” which was levelled about the middle of the last -century, and is now only represented by a triangular plot of sward. - -Near the Witham, in a field south of the road to the ferry, the Rev. J. -A. Penny, late vicar, found fragments of mediæval pottery, pieces of -“puzzle jugs,” the neck of a “pilgrim’s bottle,” &c., all of which the -late Sir Augustus Franks, of the British Museum, pronounced to be -Cistercian ware, being only found where Cistercian houses have existed. - -In the church of St. Andrew, Woodhall Spa, is a sepulchral stone, having -a rather rudely-carved effigy of a lady, in the attitude of prayer, -holding a book between her hands. This now supports the credence table, -but it was taken from Stixwould priory, and is commonly supposed to have -represented the Lady Prioress, or the Lady Lucia, the foundress; the -latter, however, was buried at Spalding, and would therefore hardly have -an effigy at Stixwould. - - - -STOURTON. - - -Stourton, called Stourton Magna, or Great Stourton, to distinguish it -from Stourton Parva, the hamlet included in Baumber, is rather more than -a mile, northward, beyond Baumber, and five miles from Horncastle. This -was formerly the property, a sheep-walk, of the Premonstratensian Abbey -of St. Mary, of Tupholme, founded by Robert de Nova Villa or Nevill, in -the twentieth year of Henry III. (“Liber Regis,” Bacon’s ed. 1786, p. -424). Dugdale states that he held the lands of the king _in capite_, -from the time of the Conquest, with which he endowed that monastery. -(“Monasticon,” vol. ii., 596.) Land in this parish was also granted by -the Conqueror, to Eudo, son of Spirewick, the founder of the Tattershall -family. He held five carucates, or about six hundred acres, beside a -mill, and 190 acres of meadow. The powerful Bishop of Durham, William de -Karilepho, who was Lord Chief Justice under the Conqueror, had also a -grant of land in this parish, as also had Odo, Bishop of Baieaux, and his -vassal, Ilbert, occupied one carucate, or 120 acres, with villeins, -bordars, and socmen under him, occupying 480 more acres. The Saxon thane -Grinchel also had here 360 acres, valued in King Edward’s time at 40_s._ - -In the reign of Henry VIII. the family of Dighton, though of mercantile -origin at Lincoln, ancestors having been mayors and sheriffs of that -city, were landed proprietors in this neighbourhood, one of them, Thomas, -residing at Waddingworth; but the head of the family was Robert Dighton, -of Stourton Magna, he married Joyce, daughter and heiress of William St. -Paul, of Snarford, which family became extinct on the death of Sir George -St. Paul, Bart., in 1613. Robert of Stourton, along with members of the -Heneage, Dymoke, Monson, Hussey, and very many other leading county -families, took part in the Lincolnshire rising, to protest against the -dissolution of the monasteries. A daughter of Thomas Dighton, of -Stourton, married Edward Clinton, of Baumber, who subsequently became -Earl of Lincoln. {209} The residence of the Dightons, traces of which -still remain in the moats and mounds, was situated on land now belonging -to W. H. Trafford, Esq., in what is now a grass field, about a mile to -the west of the present Stourton Hall park and plantations, lying between -the road, on the north, from Stourton Magna to Minting and Bardney, and, -on the south, the main Baumber, or Horncastle and Lincoln, old Roman -highway. It must have been a building of some considerable size; the -moat, which enclosed nearly a square, the sides, just under 100 yards -long, is distinctly traceable, the whole of the surface of the inclosure -is covered with mounds or depressions; there is an apparent opening in -the middle of the south-western side, and outside, to the south, are -traces of a large stew-pond, E-shaped, in length thirty-six yards, by -thirty broad, with a small pond, or reservoir behind it. A modern drain -has been made on this south-west side, probably to draw the water off the -moat, as these moats and ponds were periodically cleaned out. A -footpath, forming a short cut between the above-named two roads, passes -east of these remains, so that they can be easily approached and -inspected. This path branches off from the Horncastle and Lincoln high -road, at a gate nearly opposite some cottages named the “Hungrum Houses”. -Sturton is believed to have been a Roman station. It is close to the old -road from Horncastle to Caistor, both Roman towns. - -The church, dedicated to All Saints, although a heterogeneous mixture of -a variety of styles, and for many years in a dilapidated condition, has -some very interesting features. The vicar, the Rev. F. M. Blakiston, -following up the efforts of his predecessor, the Rev. E. B. Bland, is now -(1904) raising money to restore the fabric, and with Mr. J. T. -Micklethwaite, as architect, the result will doubtless be a creditable -structure. The cost of complete renovation is estimated at close upon -£2,000, so that the work may probably have to extend over some years. -Although the aspect of the church has been one of ruin and desolation, -there are traces of the work of seven centuries. Domesday Book mentions -a church as existing in Saxon times, but of that, nothing remains. The -oldest parts of the present fabric belong to the 12th century. At that -time the nave was two-thirds of its present length, and the chancel was -narrower. In the 13th century a north aisle, with two arches, and -probably a tower, with a third and larger north arch, were added. In the -14th century a new chancel was built, wider and probably longer. Then -followed a period of neglect and varied vicissitudes. In the 17th -century the chancel was shortened, and the present east wall cuts away -part of an eastern sepulchre, in the north chancel wall. The north aisle -was taken down probably about this period. The upper part of the tower -was removed, probably early in the 19th century, as the bells, three in -number, are said to have been sold in 1810. The stones of the tower and -aisle were used for building two sides of the churchyard wall. Nothing -now remains of the tower, except the string course at the top of the -truncated basement, {210} which now forms part of the nave. There are -still stones of a Norman arch in the south wall at the back of the modern -porch. An original window, small and much dilapidated, remains in the -north wall of the chancel, a larger one having been bricked up. There is -a priest’s door in the south wall. The westernmost window in the south -wall of the nave is a relic of the 14th century, the renovation, being of -floriated style, with two lights. In the floor of what was the tower are -portions of stone, from the windows of the former aisle, much broken. -The rest is modern, as is also the roof of the nave. What is now used as -a font is really an old mortar, the old font in Perpendicular style -having been, it is said, sold about 40 years ago, and removed to the -garden of a farmhouse in the adjoining parish of Edlington, where it -still remains. The furniture of the church is of the 18th century, or -later, but there is a good old oak chest. On the western portion of the -north wall is a curious fresco, not probably of very ancient date, -consisting of a skeleton, and a winged figure rising from a sepulchral -monument, which bears an inscription, mostly illegible, “Redeem the time, -&c.” The chancel arch, now almost ruinous, is part of the original -building; south of it, is a tablet, in memory of “William Settle, Clerk, -who departed this life, July 4, 1848, born at Urswick, in the County of -Lancaster, graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, aged 82, and 52 years -vicar of this parish.” The Settles have a burial vault in the -churchyard. The register dates from 1679. The name of William Vaux -appears as vicar, from 1690 to 1719. One entry is as follows:—“Margaret -Vaux the 21st child of William Vaux and Elizabeth his wife was baptized -ye 23 of October 1718,” and shortly after, follows, in a different hand, -“Mr. William Vaux, vicar, buryed May ye 30, 1719.” The family would seem -to have continued to reside in the parish, for we find recorded the -burial of Mary Vaux, February 19, 1720; that of Margaret Vaux, September -3rd, 1721; and that of Elizabeth Vaux, “January ye 10, 1755.” Of the -rest of the numerous progeny of this fruitful couple no traces remain. - -A small hamlet in this parish is named Lowthorpe, probably from its -position; while a farm, belonging to Mr. Robert Harrison, of Horncastle, -who is Lay-Rector, is named “Sturton Stoup” farm. This name, however, -has no connection with the “Stoup,” or holy-water vessel of the church; -but “Stoup” is a Lincolnshire word, meaning a post, or stake. The -farmhouse was, within recent years, a wayside inn, called “The Stoup”; -and the “stoup” was a post, or stake, planted in the middle of an -adjoining green lane to prevent its being used as a thoroughfare. The -parish was inclosed in 1778. - -The benefice of Stourton was formerly in the patronage of the Crown, and -there was a Vicarage house, standing in its own grounds, in what is now -an open field, south of the churchyard. This was demolished many years -ago. The Vicarage was united to that of Baumber, in the patronage of the -Duke of Newcastle, about the year 1870, the consolidated benefices being -now in the gift of the Lord Chancellor. They had, however, been held -together by at least three previous incumbents. The communion plate is -old, although only the chalice bears a date, 1648. - - - -TETFORD. - - -Tetford, which adjoins Belchford, lies to the north-east of Horncastle, -at a distance of about 7 miles; though a village with a population under -500, it almost aspires to the rank of a small town, as it possesses more -than one street; has several shops, and a number of fair residences. -Letters _via_ Horncastle, arrive at 10 a.m. At the date of Domesday -Book, it was one of the limited number of parishes which then possessed a -church. Saxon thanes, by name Elmer, Arnwi and Britrod, held lands here. -Thomas, Archbishop of York, formerly a Canon of Baieux, in Normandy, and -one of the Conqueror’s Chaplains, received a grant of land here from his -Sovereign; and we find his vassal, Gilbert, occupying under him two -carucates with eight villeins and seven socmen, who had two more -carucates (240 acres) among them. The Norman Gozelin, son of Lanbert, -also held land here, which was occupied by his vassal, Walter, with five -socmen, and three villeins. At a later date (13th century) the family of -De Hesele were proprietors in Tetford, and benefactors to the church, -also presenting to the benefice of Somersby, as well as to that of -Tetford (“Linc. N. & Q.” 1894–5, pp. 228–29). Then we find the Cormayles -family holding lands here, and presenting to Somersby. The Crevequers, -and the Brayboeufs had the presentation to a chapelry here, of St. -Bartholomew, besides owning land. After them followed the Barkworths, -and to them succeeded the Thimbelbies. In the Court of Ward’s -Inquisitions (3, 4, and 5, Edwd. VI., vol. v., 91) we find Matthew -Thimbleby, who married Anne, daughter of Sir Robert Hussey, about 1521, -seised of the advowsons of Tetford and Somersby; and his widow married -Sir Robert Savile, Knt., who (through her apparently) was seised -(according to Chancery Inquisition, post mort., 28 Eliz., 1st part, No. -116) of the manors of Tetford, Somersby, and several others. Sir Robert -disposed of some of the property thus acquired, selling Tetford to George -Anton, Esq., through whose daughter Elizabeth, married to Sir Edward -Hussey, the property passed to the Hussey family, whose head, Lord -Hussey, of Sleaford, for his treachery at the time of the Lincolnshire -Rebellion, was attainted and executed, by Henry VIII. A widow, Elizabeth -Hussey, presented to the benefice as late as 1690. For many years a -branch of the Dymoke family were located at Tetford, until, under the -will of the late Lionel Dymoke, they succeeded to the Scrivelsby -property, and removed to Scrivelsby Court. Sir Hugh A. H. Cholmeley is -now lord of the manor, but the principal landowners are Meaburn -Staniland, Esq., F. S. Dymoke, Esq., the executors of George Westerby, -and many small freeholders. There was formerly a Tetford Literary Club, -having as its members most of the gentry of the neighbourhood; one of -whom, Langhorne Burton, of Somersby, celebrated the association in an -amusing poem, of some 200 lines, published in 1772. It is given in -Weir’s History, of date 1828. Dr. Samuel Johnson attended the meetings -of this club, when visiting the Langtons of Langton Hall; and he is said -to have played skittles at the White Hart Inn, in Tetford. There are -traces of an ancient encampment in this parish, probably the scene of -struggles between Britons and Saxons. It lies between the two main -streets, to the south, and on one side is skirted by a beck which forms -one of the feeders of the Somersby stream, sung of by Tennyson as “The -Brook.” Here, Leland (“Collectanea,” vol. i., pt. 2., p. 509) states -that Horsa, brother of Hengist, the Saxon General, was defeated by the -Britons, under Raengeires; and the name, like that of Belchford, would -seem to be of British origin; “Tat” being a Druid deity, and “fford” -meaning a road. - -The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a structure of Spilsby sandstone, -of some considerable antiquity, and of larger proportions than most of -those in the immediate neighbourhood. For many years it has been in a -sadly neglected condition, although of late it has been somewhat -improved. It is capable of being made an edifice fully worthy of divine -worship. The Puritan square pews survive for the most part; and a -western gallery, or singing loft, now disused. The nave has north and -south aisles of three bays, and a clerestory above. These, with the -tower, are in the Perpendicular style; the south aisle has some Decorated -features; and a lancet window in its west end, in which a crocheted open -canopy has been introduced, tells of a still earlier church. The north -aisle was rebuilt on the old foundations in 1826. The chancel arch has a -continuous moulding, without capitals. A closed arch in the north -chancel walls shews a former chantry on that side. The east window is -modern. There are traces in the south aisle indicating a former chantry -altar. The font is a plain octagon, the basin relieved by foliage at -each angle. On the south wall of the nave is a monument to Captain -Edward Dymoke, cousin to Champion Lewis Dymoke, who died 1739; with -breastplate and helmet suspended above. There are three other Dymoke -tablets; and one to J. Emeris, Fellow of Corpus xsti. College, Rector, -and Head Master of Louth Grammar School. The tower is massive, somewhat -low, though well-proportioned. It has small corner pinnacles, and -immense gurgoyles. On the right of the doorway, within the west porch, -is a stoup, rising from a stone bench. There are three bells; one weighs -1 ton, 1 cwt., 3 qrs., 7 lbs., and has the inscription “Sancta Maria, ora -pro nobis”; the second bell weighs 16½ cwts.; the third weighs 11 cwts., -cast at Barton, by Harrison. The Sanctus bell stands on the floor. One -of these bells is said to have formerly belonged to the church at -Fulletby, when there was a larger fabric there than at present. In 1887 -a Jubilee clock was put up, by subscription, made by Messrs. Maddison and -Blythe, of Horncastle. In 1903 the present rector, the Rev. W. Wood, -inaugurated, by a bazaar, a scheme for the much needed restoration of -this church, in which, it is to be hoped, he may be successful. - -On the south side of the church is the base, and part of the shaft, of a -churchyard cross. Upon the former, several shields are cut; one of -these, within a quatrefoil panel, bears three bars in pale, four mullets -bendwise; and upon another is the same bearing, impaling a cinquefoil, -between 6 crosses plain. These were the Thimbleby bearings. - -Tetford has been the scene of traditionary witchcraft, the following -anecdote having been related by a quondam inhabitant, whose widow still -survives. It has some resemblance to the story of the phantom hare at -Bolingbroke Castle. - -Once upon a time, there lived in Tetford an old woman possessed of -magical powers. It was said that she could assume the form of a hare, -and, emerging from her cottage through the “cat hole” in the door, could -roam the country round at will. She had a son who was given to poaching. -The events on a particular occasion are recorded as follows: “Two men are -walking on the road from Somersby to Tetford in the evening; one carries -a gun. Just in front a hare passes through the hedge, and comes into the -road. “Bang at her, Jack,” says Joe. Jack puts gun to shoulder, and -aims, but for some reason, does not fire. He lowers his gun, then tries -again, but with the same result. “Dal it, Joe,” says Jack, “I cannot; -summat stops me. Tack thou the gun!” Joe seizes the gun, but the hare -is, by this time, nearly out of shot. However, he fires, and exclaims, -“Its noa goa, she’s hit i’ the leg, but it woant stop her.” They quicken -their steps, lest the shot might have attracted a keeper. Jack goes to -the cottage where his mother lives, while Joe goes to his home further -down the “street.” Jack goes to the pantry and empties a very roomy -pocket, inside his fustian coat, of its contents, we will not say what. -He brings out a mug of ale, and sits down by the fire, to enjoy it. His -mother is sitting on the other side of the fire, rather doubled up in her -chair, and with a look of pain on her wrinkled face, “What’s up Mother?” -asks Jack. “I’ve a bad pain i’ my leg,” she says, “it came on all of a -sudden, a few minutes ago.” “Rub it wi’ some o’ them oils ye’ve got,” -says Jack; “Let’s hev supper, and then ye’d better goa to bed.” “I’ve -hed my supper,” she says, “ye were so long o’ coming, that I did’nt wait -o’ ye, an’ I’ll goa to bed now.” She gets up with difficulty, hobbles -across the room, and slowly mounts the “lether” (ladder) to her bedroom. -Jack gets his supper, and then goes out to the ale-house not far off, for -a final pot, and chat, before “turning in.” There he meets Joe, and they -have a pipe together. In the course of conversation Jack says, “Mother’s -bad i’ the leg, she was ta’en all of a sudden a little afore I comed -hoam.” Joe laughs, and says, “I’d upode it, she’s bewitched hersen, -instead of some un else.” Next morning the old woman does not get up. -She calls to Jack, he goes to her, “My leg is worser, gie me some tea, -and then goa to the wise man at the town an’ ask him what’s the matter -wi’ me, for I feel that queer. Get my stocking out o’ yon chest, and -I’ll gie thee a crown to gie him for his fee.” To be brief, Jack attends -to her wants, gets his breakfast, and walks off some miles to the -neighbouring town. There he has a jug of ale, to refresh him after his -walk, and so goes to the wise man. He finds him at home, and tells his -errand. The wise man takes him into a back room, tells him to sit down, -while he lays out a big book on the table, and opens it at random. Jack -cannot read, but he would not be any wiser in this case, if he could, for -the page is covered with curious characters, which none but the wise man -can read, and a sceptic might suggest that he cannot either. The latter -then turns to a cupboard in the corner of the room, opens the door of it, -put his head inside, and _sotto voce_, mumbles something. Having done -this for a moment or two, as if conversing with some “familiar spirit” in -an unknown tongue, he throws the cupboard door wide open, whereupon out -flies a large “bumble-bee,” which circles, buzzing, round the room, and -at length settles on the open book. The wise man examines the particular -letters, or characters, on which the bee has settled. Having studied -them carefully, he says to Jack, “When did your mother first feel the -pain?” “Last night,” says Jack,” afore I came home to supper.” “When -did you shoot that hare?” asks the wise man. “I did not shoot a hare at -all,” replied Jack. The wise man consults the characters again, and then -says “No! I see you did not, but it was your gun that shot her.” At -this Jack is astonished, and tells the whole particulars. The wise man -says, “your good spirit kept you from shooting, because she was your own -mother, but your mate shot her with your own gun. Don’t you know that -your mother’s a witch, and goes out as a hare whenever she likes? Why, I -heard of her running across the road in front of a team of horses, in her -form of a hare and they were so scared that they nearly dragged the -waggon into a dyke. However,” he adds,” she’ll soon be well again. -Here’s the remedy: Catch a hedgehog, take a comb, and with it saw off one -of its legs, and tell her to rub her leg well with the hedgehog’s leg, -and the pain will soon go.” Jack journeyed home in high spirits, taking -a pot or two on the way, by way of self-congratulation; and my informant -deponeth that all came about as the wise man foretold. - -Outside the boundary of Tetford, to the west, and strictly speaking in -the parish of Salmonby, a number of flint arrow-heads have been found on -Warlow farm, near a spot named “Warlow Camp.” They are of a trilobite -form, finely chipped, and about one inch in length, three-quarters of an -inch broad at base. They belong to the neolithic period; and from the -very crisp character of the chipping, it is evident that they have not -been used; there was probably a factory of such implements on the spot. -Several specimens may be seen at the house of Mr. Westerby, tenant of the -farm. - - - -WADDINGWORTH. - - -Waddingworth is a small village, about 6 miles from Horncastle, in a -north-westerly direction, between Gautby and Wispington. The church, -dedicated to St. Margaret, is now in a very dilapidated condition. The -rectory is held at the present time (1904) by the Rev. L. Dewhurst, along -with that of Gautby, where he has a fairly commodious house, with -permission from the Bishop to hold only occasional services at -Waddingworth Church, as that at Gautby is almost equally convenient for -the people of both parishes. - -The register dates from 1640, but entries are found in the registers of -Baumber, for this parish, from 1695 to 1779. At Bardney is the nearest -postal and telegraph office. Letters come _via_ Horncastle. It is -altogether a very out-of-the-way spot. - -The antiquity of Waddingworth is probably shown in its name, which, -according to some, consists of the Saxon “Wodin” (or “Odin”), their God -of war (which name also appears in our Wednesday, or Wodin’s day), and -the Saxon “worth,” an inclosure, which also appears in several -place-names in the neighbourhood, as Benniworth, Faldingworth, -Hag-_worth_-_ing_ham. The last of these names, however, suggests a -derivation which I am inclined to think more probable. Divide the name -into three elements, and we get wad, or “woad,” a plant greatly valued by -the Britons, who dyed their bodies with it (and which name would continue -through the Saxon period, as it does still), and “ing,” Saxon for meadow, -and “worth,” Saxon for enclosure, the whole meaning an “enclosed field of -woad”; enclosed, doubtless, because of the value of the woad. It is -still a valuable crop, and frequently mixed with the Indian “Indigo.” - -The earliest actual mention of Waddingworth is in Domesday Book, in which -there are two references to it. In one of these we are told that the -Conqueror gave part of the parish to the proud and powerful Bishop of -Durham, William de Karilepho, A.D. 1082, who was also Chief Justice of -England. There were 4 carucates of land, _i.e._, 480 acres, rateable to -gelt (a very small tax), the whole being 6 carucates, or 720 acres, with -20 acres of meadow (“ings”) and 25 acres of underwood. The other notice -is that the same amount of land was given by the Conqueror to one of his -distinguished Norman soldiers, Eudo the son of Spirewic. Eudo, it will -be remembered, was a comrade in arms of Pinco, the latter of whom -acquired large property in the neighbourhood of Spilsby, and his -descendants eventually became the Lords Willoughby d’ Eresby (_i.e._, -Spilsby). Eudo received the manor of Tattershall and several others, one -of these being a moiety of Waddingworth. He was the founder of Kirkstead -Abbey, which he richly endowed. This leads to a curious coincidence. -Dr. Oliver, the learned writer of “The Religious Houses on the Witham,” -mentions that among the possessions of Tupholme Abbey were lands in -Waddingworth. What more natural than that, in days when spending one’s -wealth on so-called religious works was a passport to heaven for the -giver, and for his forefathers or his descendants, Eudo should have -devoted some of his wealth to the Religious House at Tupholme, as well as -to the Religious House at Kirkstead? Tupholme was founded by two -brothers, Alan and Gilbert de Nevil, in 1160, Kirkstead was founded 1139. -At the dissolution of the monasteries, Henry VIII. seized monastic -property, and this is why we find the King as Patron of Waddingworth in -“Liber Regis,” and also in much later authorities. It is, indeed, now in -the patronage of the Lord Chancellor, as representing the crown. The -Conqueror seized it by the right of conquest; Henry VIII. seized it as -the plunderer of monasteries. This carries us down to nearly the middle -of the 16th century. There were, however, other small proprietors who -owned land, besides these two prominent parties. At an early period, -there is a “Final Concord,” so called, or agreement, of the 13th century, -as follows:—“On October 19, A.D. 1200, Petronilla, the widow of Richard -de Waddingworth, claimed of Robert de Waddingworth, tenant of a 3rd part, -viz., 20 oxgangs (or 300 acres), with 6 tofts, in Waddingworth, besides -lands in Bucknall and Horsington, as her dower, given to her by her late -husband, the said Richard; and Robert surrendered all claim to the lands -in favour of the said Petronilla for her life, for which Petronilla gave -him 2½ marks.” After the dissolution of the monasteries, though the -crown retained the patronage of the benefice, the land seems to have -passed into several other hands. In 1559, Roger Fulstow, of -Waddingworth, claimed of his sovereign, Queen Elizabeth, protection -against the outrages committed by the mad Earl of Lincoln, who lived at -Tattershall; and was well known for his violent proceedings towards the -Saviles of Poolham, and others. {219a} He (Fulstow) was afterwards sent -on an embassy to the Landgrave of Hesse. Macaulay, the historian, says -that a Fulstow, of Waddingworth, incurred the displeasure of Henry VIII., -and was punished, though he does not say how. This was probably the same -man earlier in life, and the employment of him, by Elizabeth, shows that, -having annoyed the father, he recovered the favour of the daughter. But -even earlier than this, Thomas Dighton, of Waddingworth, gent. (son of -Edmund Dighton, and grandson of Robert Dighton, lord of the manor of -Stourton) was intimate with the Dymokes, and was visiting at Scrivelsby -Court at the time of the “Lincolnshire Rising,” against Henry VIII. -(otherwise called the Pilgrimage of Grace), in 1536, which led to the -merry monarch pronouncing his well-known criticism on the men of -Lincolnshire, that they were “the most beastly in all the realm.” These -Dightons came of a mercantile stock in Lincoln, where they were Mayors -and Sheriffs, and amassed large fortunes. One of them, Robert, of -Stourton, married Joyce {219b} St. Paul (or vulgarly Sampoole), daughter -and heiress of William St. Paul of Snarford, who was also involved in the -Rising aforesaid; the chief member of the family being Sir George St. -Paul, who died childless in 1614, when, with him, the family became -extinct. In the lists of those gentry who contributed to the defence of -the country, when the Spanish Armada was expected, are the names of G. -St. Paul, who contributed “1 lance, and 2 light horse”; while Thomas -Dighton, of Waddingworth, of that day, contributed also 1 lance, and 1 -light horse. In the year 1546, Robert Hoberthorn, a native of -Waddingworth, became Lord Mayor of London (“Weir’s History,” vol. i., p. -313.) We have an early presentation to the Benefice of Waddingworth, in -John Smith, clerk, appointed by Queen Elizabeth to the Rectory, _vacant -by the resignation of Thomas Rumney_; this institution took place in -1563. {220a} This notice implies a good deal more than it contains to -the uninitiated. Thomas Rumney had doubtless to resign, or rather was -expelled from his living by “the bloody” Queen Mary, because he was a -Protestant, and the living, like many others, remained for some years -vacant, until the Protestant Queen Elizabeth, succeeding her sister Mary, -had time to look about her, and she in 1562 filled the vacancy by -instituting John Smith. - -In the Stixwould Register there is an entry relating to Waddingworth, -stating that Mr. George Townshend died at Halstead Hall, and was buried -at Waddingworth “on Wensdaie night, the 13 of February, 1627.” The cause -of this is supposed to have been, that he was a Romanist, and therefore -could not legally be buried at a Protestant place of worship. Mr. -Rutland Snowden, and Mrs. Frances Townshend, were married “the 25 -December, being Christmas daie, 1628.” This looks rather as if, after a -year’s delay after the death of Mr. G. Townshend, to be respectable, Mrs. -Townshend, his widow, married Mr. Rutland Snowden. {220b} I find another -record that Mr. George Townshend of Halstead Hall, by will, dated 1627 -(he evidently dying rather suddenly) left his land in Waddingworth to his -second son, George, the executor being Nicholas Larke, parson of -Waddingworth. This Mrs. Townshend was the widow of an Evington of -Halstead Hall, so that she had three husbands, Rutland Snowden being the -last, and by him she had several children. He was the son of the Bishop -of Carlisle. They lived, it is recorded, at Horncastle, as they -naturally would do, the Bishop being then officially the Lord of the -Manor of Horncastle, having his episcopal residence near the present -manor house. He was buried at Horncastle in 1654, and his wife in 1658. -Richard Evington, of Halstead Hall, according to an old record, on his -death in 1612, left 40_s._ to Abdeel and Joel Larke, sons of the -above-named Mr. Nicholas Larke, parson, of Waddingworth. The will of -George Snowdon, of Waddingworth, was proved in 1704. He left his lands -in Waddingworth and Horsington to his nephew, Edward Dymoke, of Lincoln, -gentleman, and to his heirs. It is not clear who this George Snowdon -was, but Jane Snowden, granddaughter of Rutland and Frances Snowden, -married Charles Dymoke, of Scrivelsby, and died childless in 1743; and -Abigail Snowden, daughter of the same Rutland and Frances Snowden, -married Edward Dymoke, younger son of Sir Edward Dymoke, of Scrivelsby, -from whom sprang the Tetford branch, who now hold the property of -Scrivelsby and the Championship; and so Waddingworth passed to the -Dymokes. There is still a tablet in the church of Waddingworth referring -to these parties. It is a slab of black marble in the pavement, in the -centre of the nave, and runs as follows:—“Here lyes ye body of Edward -Dymoke, Esq., son of Edward Dymoke, of Tumby, in the County of Lincoln, -Esq., grandson of the Honble. Sir Edward Dymoke, Champion of England. He -married Mary, daughter and co-heiress of John Lodington, Esq., {221} -relict of Captain Booth, of Market Rasen, in the county of Lincoln, and -died April 29, A.D. 1729, aged 78 years, leaving Jane, his only surviving -daughter and heir, married to Edward Southwell, Esq. of Wisbeach, in the -county of Cambridge. Here also lies interred Abigail, daughter of the -said Edward Dymoke and Mary his wife, who died March 22nd, A.D. 1708, -aged 17 years.” Above this inscription are the crest, a sword and -mantle, and on the shield, two lions, crowned, passant. In course of -time the manor passed, through the above marriage, to Edward Southwell, -of the Trafford Southwell family, who now live at Wroxham, in Norfolk, -and who, with the Vyners of Gautby, own the parish. - -The old Manor House, or Hall, stood in the centre of the parish, and was -at one time occupied by the Calthrop family, until they removed to West -Ashby Manor, near Horncastle; the last of them residing there is -remembered by the present writer, and there is a memorial in Ashby Church -of Richard Calthrop, an officer who fell during the siege of Algiers. -John Calthrop afterwards removed to Stanhoe Hall, in Norfolk. The old -Hall of Waddingworth was a ruin 60 years ago, and afterwards pulled down. -The outline of it can still be traced. The interesting old Rectory, of -mud and stud, still survives as a cottage, to the north of the -churchyard. There is an inverted base of a churchyard cross still -remaining on the south side of the Church. Over the west door, which is -of the Perpendicular style, but sadly dilapidated, is a reticulated -window, and above that, let into the wall, is an Early English tombstone, -or, more probably, a “consecration cross,” carved as a “cross flory,” in -heraldic phrase. - -It is recorded that some ancient armour was some years ago found in a -cottage in the parish, consisting of the helmet, breast-plate, -back-piece, and gorget of a cavalier, probably a fugitive from the battle -of Winceby. - -The Church, although now so dilapidated, was rebuilt in 1808, the -previous edifice having been a much handsomer and larger structure. - -There was a very remarkable case of robbery, which occurred near this -parish, on January 2nd, 1841, and which is recorded in the “Stamford -Mercury,” of March 12th, of that year, with which we may fitly close our -records of Waddingworth. - -Mr. James Turner, a considerable farmer, of Waddingworth, declared, on -his own public affidavit, that he was attacked by robbers when riding -home from Horncastle market, for, be it remembered, gigs were then little -used; men rode to and from market, and carried their wives behind them on -pillions (as the present writer has frequently seen, as a boy). To use -Mr. Turner’s words, he said, “When I had proceeded a quarter-of-a-mile -through the village of Thimbleby (which he needs must pass), a little -after 6 o’clock, p.m., I observed three men, walking in the middle of the -road, about 100 yards before me. I was riding at a canter, as it was -moonlight. Two of the men walked in the ‘ruts,’ on either side, and one -in the middle. He was a little behind the others, and he remained so, -till I nearly rode over him. I tried to turn out of the road, to avoid -him, but I then found he had seized my horse by the rein. The two men -said ‘good night,’ and I replied to the same effect. I then said to the -man, ‘What! Are you going to rob me?’ He made no reply, and I struck -him with my stick on the head. The mare I was riding then began to -plunge, and the other two took hold of me, and dragged me from my saddle. -I lit on my feet, but the mare got away. I struggled with the men, and -got away from them. The two stood on my left, and as I saw the third -coming in on my right, I struck at him, and he for the moment gave way, -but then, supported by the others, he again sprang at me, and seized me -by the collar (which in those days were large). The three then threw me -to the ground, and placed a stick across my throat, and so kept me down. -They hurt me considerably, but I lifted the stick across my throat to my -chin, which was much bruised. They then tore my waistcoat open and took -from my pocket a book containing blank cheques and memorandums, and my -game license. On this, they began muttering among themselves, and the -one who first attacked me, said, ‘Where’s your money?’ I threw myself, -as much as I could, on one side, to protect my ‘fob,’ but they tore my -breeches open, and took from my right-hand pocket two canvas purses, in -one of which I had two notes and some silver, and in the other £5 in -gold. They took all this, and an old-fashioned silver watch, and some -loose coins besides. I begged them not to murder me. They took from my -mackintosh a small bundle and threw it on the road, which contained my -banking book and memorandum book, both of which I subsequently recovered. -They then struck, or kicked, me violently in the ribs, and ran through a -gate into a field, towards Edlington.” - -Mr. Turner testified to his recognising the men, as it was a moonlight -night, and he had seen one of them before, in Bucknall, an almost -adjoining parish. Further evidence was very strong against them. Anne -Dawson, whose husband kept the “Nag’s Head” Inn, at Bardney, proved that, -earlier on the same day, three men had called at the Inn, for -refreshment, and took the road for Thimbleby. Joseph Aukland also -testified that, in returning from Horncastle market, the same evening, he -saw the men only a few yards from the spot, before the robbery took -place. At the “Ram” Inn, at Stourton, three men called about 8.30 p.m., -to have some ale, for which they paid, apparently (as was noticed) having -plenty of money, and asked their way to Market Rasen. On the next -morning, Sunday, at 7.30 a.m., one of them entered the “White Hart,” the -leading hotel in Rasen, and had refreshment. Later, two of them called -at a shop at Glentham, and produced two £5 notes (such as were stolen). -They were then on their way to Gainsborough. They subsequently went to -the “Dog and Gun” Inn at that place, and the landlord changed a £5 note -for them, and a Mrs. Watson another of the same value. One of them, next -day, bought a new coat at Gainsborough, for £4 13_s._; one prisoner was -taken at Lynn, in Norfolk, wearing the said coat; and the others were -subsequently captured, where is not stated. The Judge pronounced the -evidence to be most decisive, and the sentence was “Transportation for -Life.” The victim of this outrage arrived at his home late that night, -in rather a sorry plight. I think readers of this account will agree -that Mr. James Turner made a very brave stand against such odds. He must -have been a powerful man, as his son, Mr. Jabez Turner, certainly was in -his day. I have myself been inside the house, for refreshment, of Mr. -James Turner when shooting on the farm, but the robbery took place before -I was old enough to carry a gun. So end our annals of Waddingworth, with -not the least stirring incident in its history. - - - -WINCEBY. - - -Winceby is situated about five miles south-east of Horncastle, on the way -to Old Bolingbroke. It is approached by a good road, but leading up and -down hills so steep as to render travelling slow, either for man or -beast. The village itself stands on high ground commanding very -extensive views; the church of West Keal being a conspicuous object to -the east; the lofty tower of Boston looming in the distance, southward, -many miles away; Tattershall Castle and Church, the churches of -Coningsby, Heckington, and others in the Sleaford direction being also -visible, beyond the extensive tracts of fen barred by woods, which -intervene; while, on a clear day, the prospect extends across the Wash to -the low-lying coast of Norfolk. Northward stretches a tract, less -extensive, of varied, undulating ground, with the wooded heights of -Warden Hill, Brinkhill, &c., forming the distant elevated horizon. In -early spring, or on a bright autumnal day, it would be difficult to find -a wider range of view, or more varied colouring, to please the eye. The -parish is small, being but little more than 800 acres in extent, -comprised in one large farm, the homestead of which, a large, lofty, and -somewhat bleak-looking house, occupied by Mr. Edwd. Patchett, forms, with -its surrounding buildings and well-filled stackyard, a prominent feature. -Yet this humble village has had its associations in the past of more than -ordinary interest. - -There are few parishes which have not some tradition connected with the -supernatural; and here, on the left of the road to Winceby, in a hollow -in Slash Lane, about half-a-mile before reaching the village, there stood -until recent years a large boulder in the field close by. It was -supposed to cover hidden treasure, and various attempts were made at -different times to remove it, sometimes with six, or even eight horses. -At one of these attempts, his Satanic Majesty, having been invoked by the -local title of “Old Lad,” appeared, it is said, in person, whereupon the -stone fell back, upsetting the horses. On another occasion a black -mouse, probably the same Being incarnate, in another form (compare -assistance rendered by a black mouse to the devil, in Goethe’s Faust), -ran over the gearing of the horses, with a similar result. Eventually, -as a last resort, to break the spell, the boulder was buried, and now no -trace of boulder, black mouse, or Satan’s (Linc. “Samuel’s”) foot-print -remains. - -Domesday Book records that the Saxon Agemund held lands here, and in the -adjoining Claxby Pluckacre; and that Walter, a vassal of the wealthy -Norman Gozelin, also held land and a mill of the yearly value of 4_s._, -while the still more powerful Norman, Hugh de Abrincis (Avranches, in -France), Earl of Chester, also received a grant of land in this parish -from his uncle, William the Conqueror. Of this “Baron bold,” we may -observe, in passing, that he acquired the surname of Lupus, or “the -wolf,” from his many daring deeds. In addition to almost the whole of -the county of Chester, which gave him his title, he held about 20 manors -in Lincolnshire, 22 in Leicestershire, 12 in Norfolk, 32 in Suffolk, -besides several more in other counties. Indeed, so large were his -possessions, and so great his power, that the terms of the royal grant to -him stated that he held his properties, not “de capite,” or “in chief,” -of the Sovereign, as was almost universally the case, but “tam libere ad -gladium, sicut Rex ipse tenebat Angliam ad coronam,” _i.e._, as freely by -his sword, as the King did by his crown. It is recorded of him, that he -founded and endowed several monasteries, in England, and elsewhere, “for -the good and salvation of his soul”; and it is näively added, that “if a -tithe of that be true which is related of him by the Chronicler, -Ordericus Vitalis (p. 787), he had needs enough to make some such amends -for his doings.” He, however, seems, in his latter days, to have -attained to a proper sense of his actions, since he closed his career, -after a long illness, by adopting the tonsure, as a monk of the Abbey of -St. Werberg, of Chester, in his own Barony. Few of these baronial -possessions, however, remained long in the families of those favourites -to whom they were granted by the Conqueror, solely by the right of -conquest. It had been asked long before, even by a Jezebel, “Had Zimri -peace, who slew his master?” And there were Norman Omris and Zimris. It -was a matter of natural, as well as of retributive justice, that, when -the grip, by which the strong held his own, lost its vigour, even the -strongest should make way for “a stronger than he.” And although the -proud Lupus lorded it over demesnes in Hag, Salmonby, Tetford, Brinkhill, -Langton, Greetham, and in many another parish, beside Winceby, yet at a -later period we find another powerful family, the Gaunts, in the -ascendant, and the Duke of Lancaster, John de Gandivo, was “Dominus -Manerii de Winceby” (Harl. MS., Brit. Mus., vol. iii., p. 770); and -Walter de Gaunt granted to the Abbey of Bardney, which had been -re-founded by his father, Gilbert de Gaunt, after being in ruins some 200 -years, the tithes of his Fee in Winceby. (Dugdale’s “Monasticon” ed. -1682, p. 143). But not yet even was “fixity of tenure” a feature of the -times. Every dog has (only) his day; other owners followed not now -known, and Winceby is now also owned by a name unknown to fame in the -representative of the Hill family, who purchased the estate from C. -Manwaring, Esq. But the Domus Dei should be a spot undesecrated by -earthly broils, a fold unviolated by “the wolf,” and although the Church, -erected at Winceby, possibly by the proud Lupus himself, “for the good of -his soul,” has, in its original fabric, passed away, yet there still -stands on the same site, a place of worship, small indeed, but not -unworthy of its holy purpose. Dedicated to St. Margaret, the special -Saint of purity undefiled, {227} it fitly stands on an isolated knoll, -which on one side looks down on a deep gorge; with the few cottages of -the, some 60, inhabitants clustering near at hand; with the great farm -house, Winceby hall, standing out eastward, and the picturesque modern -Rectory, peacefully embowered in trees and shrubbery, one field away to -the west, the calm and comfortable retreat of the Rev. C. E. Bolam, -Rector of Lusby, the Rector of Winceby being the Rev. Brice-Smith, -resident at Hameringham. - -Until recent years, the church had, in the course of time, degenerated -into a small, mean thatched edifice; but, during the late incumbency of -the Rev. William Wordsworth Talfourd, acting in the spirit of that “high -priest of nature,” whose name he bore, the fabric was reconstructed in -early English style; the nave being built at the expense of the late Mr. -Charles Hill, of Winceby House, and the chancel by the rector. It -consists of nave, chancel, porch, and bell turret. Its chief features -are as follows:—In the north wall of the nave are two pairs of narrow -pointed windows, within debased arches; the south wall has the same, with -a porch, having narrow pointed arch. The font, of stone, has a circular -bowl, relieved by four small quatrefoils, at the four quarters, a -circular shaft, and square pediment. The west window is a cinquefoil, -surrounded by eight small quatrefoils. The pulpit and seats are of light -deal. The east window of the chancel, the gift of Miss Talfourd, is of -three distinct trefoiled compartments, of coloured glass, the central one -rather larger than the other two, and surmounted by a quatrefoil. The -subjects are, in the centre, the Crucifixion; in the northern one, Christ -blessing little children; in the southern, the Last Supper. In the south -wall of the chancel is a single-light trefoil, window, with three small -quatrefoils above; its subject being, Christ and the Magdalen, or “Noli -me tangere”; a brass tablet states that this is “in memory of Frances -Talfourd, March 9, 1862.” The sedilia in the chancel are of handsome, -modern, substantial oak. The roof throughout is of pitch pine. The one -bell hangs in a turret supported by eight pilasters. The living is in -the gift of the Lord Chancellor. The register dates from 1579. Among -the entries are the following:—“1773, Thursday, June 28th, — Spenly -buried. He was servant to Thomas English, and instantly killed with -thunder and lightening in the house of his master, about 5 o’clock the -evening before.” In the two following, we do not see the object of the -financial computation, unless the party making the entry was -hypochondriac on the subject of £ s. d. “1698 Mary daughter of Tho. -Jeffery, ffarmer (not worth six hundred pounds) and Anne, his wife, -baptised, October 23rd.” “1699. A similiar entry of John Bowsley, -ffarmer, being not worth £600.” - -The main interest of Winceby is as being the scene of the decisive -battle, commonly called “Winceby fight,” between the forces of the -Royalists and the Parliamentarians which took place on Wednesday, Oct. -11, 1643. - -We have only space here for a brief account of that engagement, which was -important in its effect. We quote from a curious contemporary record, -written by a Parliamentarian, and who apparently took part in the events -described. {228} The Parliamentary army, then in the neighbourhood of -Boston, after suffering a reverse near Grantham, and gaining a doubtful -victory at Gainsborough, had been reinforced by Sir Thomas Fairfax; and -Cromwell was also on his way to join it, with a valuable body of horse. -To prevent this formidable combination, the Marquis of Newcastle from the -north, hurried towards Boston, and despatched Sir John Henderson, to -intercept Cromwell. Forces belonging to both sides had been encamped, on -the previous night, in Horncastle, Thimbleby, Edlington, and neighbouring -villages, where skirmishes had occurred. The main body under Manchester, -had moved from near Boston to Bolingbroke, which was held by Royalists. -On the Monday night, Major Knight, in the name of Manchester, had -summoned the Castle of Bolingbroke (to surrender); but was answered that -“his bug-bear words must not winne castles.” Whereupon Knight resolved -the next evening, to break open the Church doors, “and there to mount a -morter-piece, and fire the Castle.” But the events of the next day -prevented this. “Those of the Castle (the Royalists), killed one or two -of our men; and, as Major Knight, and the Quarter-master Generall -Vermeyden were viewing of it, made some shots at them, and one of them -hit the said Quarter-master Generall a little below the ancle, but -pierced not the skin, only bruised his leg.” Seeing that they were -determined to resist, Manchester then moved to East Kirkby; and his -forces were encamped there, at Stickney, and at different points around. -Cromwell was encamped at Winceby, in advance, with his “light horse and -dragooners,” where he passed the night. The Royalists, under Sir John -Henderson, pressed forward from Horncastle, in order, if possible, to -attack Cromwell, before the main body had come up. But Cromwell did not -object to hard blows, and though his “horse were extremly wearied with -hard duty,” he calmly and sternly awaited the event. “About twelve of -the clock . . . we began to descry the enemy coming toward us. So soon -as our men had knowledge of (this), they were very full of joy and -resolution, thinking it a great mercie that they should now fight. -Cromwell led the van.” He gave the watchword “Truth and Peace,” and then -gave out a Psalm; and his troops moved on, singing it, to charge the foe. -They sustained a hostile fire along the whole of their line, but they -rode on unshaken, at full speed. A second volley, at close quarters, -killed Cromwell’s charger; and as he rose to his feet, “he was knockit -down again by the gentleman who had charged him, who ’twas conceived, was -Sir Ingram Hopton;” and for a moment he lay as slain. But he who, as a -child, had escaped death in the arms of a monkey, was not to be so easily -extinguished; he recovered consciousness, and mounted a trooper’s horse; -his opponent, Sir Ingram Hopton, was slain in his turn; and “this first -charge was so home-given (says the Chronicler), and with so much -admirable courage and resolution by our troops, that the enemy stood not -another, but were driven back upon their own body, which was to have -seconded them, and at last put them into a plain disorder; and thus, in -less than half an hour’s fight, they were all quite routed. Our men -pursued, and did execution upon them about five or six miles; all the way -being strewed with broken arms, dead men and horses.” Two hundred horses -were afterwards found left in Bolingbroke Castle, which had been -abandoned by the Royalists in a panic. Many hundreds of the defeated -fugitives rushed frantically into “waters up to their arm-holes {230a}; -they that lay slain in the highways were very many; and divers of -qualitie, for there were brave bodies stript naked. The number of horses -taken were about 2000, of prisoners about 1000, . . . of arms 1500, and -not 100 of the enemie (’twas verily believed), to be found in a body; of -94 standards 35 were taken, whereas (he adds), wee but lost very few of -our men, none of note, (and), wee hardly found above one of our officers -hurt.” With the Puritan’s faith he exclaims, “God himself did it all, -taking away the enemie’s hearts, and giving resolution and courage to our -men; to him therefor be all the honour and glory of this famous victory.” -{230b} This was a greater blow to the Royalist cause than has commonly -been estimated. Hitherto the struggle had been carried on with varied -fortune, but as yet the Royalists had had no reason to despair, and had -even achieved considerable successes. At Winceby it may be said, the -tide decidedly set in against them. The struggle was prolonged; but -Lincoln was taken by Manchester’s forces in the following May (1644). In -the same year was fought the disastrous battle of Marston Moor; and the -even more fatal fight of Naseby in 1645. After that the issue was almost -a foregone conclusion. As to the actual scene of the fight, the -Royalists, from Horncastle, would seem to have advanced slightly beyond -the village, before they encountered the enemy. The name of “Slash -Lane,” westward, still surviving, tells its own tale of their wild flight -towards the town, which they had so lately left full of high hope. The -“clap-gate” farm at Holbeck, tells of hurried movements in the dark hours -of the night. The Winceby registers record no increase of burials at the -time. But tradition avers that many were interred by the peasantry on -Scrafield hill-top. The one known burial is that of Sir Ingram Hopton, -whose body, by order of Cromwell himself, was conveyed to Horncastle, -that it might be interred in a manner worthy of one, in whom he -recognised “a brave gentleman.” - - - -WISPINGTON. - - -Wispington is situated about 4 miles from Horncastle, in a north-westerly -direction; adjoining Edlington on the east, Baumber on the north, -Waddingworth on the west, and Horsington and Edlington on the south. -Letters arrive from Horncastle at 9 a.m. The nearest money order office -is at Horncastle, and telegraph office at Baumber. - -Like two of the parishes just mentioned as contiguous, the name of -Wispington contains the Anglo-Saxon patronymic “ing.” A Saxon settler -named Uisp, or Wisp, probably took up his residence here; his children -formed the “family” of Uisp, or Wisp-“ing”; and the settlement or -enclosure, which they occupied, was the Uisp-ing-town, or Wispington. -{231} Under the ruthless rule of William the Conqueror, these early -occupants would be displaced, and their land given to some favourite of -that King; under whom possibly the late Saxon thane, and his family, -might, at least, be allowed to labour as serfs. Accordingly we find, in -the great survey made for the Conqueror, called “Doomsday Book,” because -it recorded the doom of so many, whom he subjugated, or dispossessed, two -mentions of this parish. The first of these, places it amongst the -possessions of William de Karilepho, who had been Abbot of St. Vincent, -but was promoted by the Conqueror to the Bishopric of Durham, as well as -being made Chief Justice of England. Old Chroniclers say that he was a -man of great determination, but regulated by judgment; and he ingratiated -himself with the King, who gave him large possessions in Lincolnshire, -and other counties; a quarrel, however, with the succeeding King, Rufus, -so wounded his pride, that he died of chagrin. He held of the King, a -large part of this parish, viz., 4 carucates (or 480 acres), 2 carucates -of which were rateable to the tax called “gelt” (2_s._ to the carucate, -or 120 acres). Wispington is there said to be “in the soke” of Great -Stourton, and Kirkby-on-Bain, _i.e._, within the liberty, or under the -jurisdiction, of those parishes. There was no resident proprietor at -that date, but 9 sokemen (or free tenants) and 6 bordars worked the land -under their “Mesne or Lord” the land being his “de-mense” or domain, -_i.e._, Lordship. The second mention of the parish in Domesday gives its -whole extent as 8 carucates (or 960 acres), divided between the -above-named Bishop and another of the Conqueror’s favourites, not seldom -named in these records, viz., Eudo, son of Spirewic, Lord of Tattershall, -who claimed, over the Bishop, the lion’s share, namely, two thirds of the -parish. - -How long the Bishops of Durham continued in possession does not appear, -but in the “Lindsey Survey” (circa A.D., 1114) Ranulph, Bishop of that -See, had 9 carucates of land (or 1080 acres) in Wispington, Kirkby, and -two other parishes; and, according to the old record, “Testa de Nevill” -(p. 335), the Bishop of that day still held the same (circa 1214, A.D.); -while in the 46th year of the reign of Edwd. III. (A.D. 1373), on the -death of John Willoughby of Eresby, it is stated that he held all his -manors, among which Wispington is named, “of the Bishop of Durham, by the -service of being his steward, and carrying to the table the messes of -meat, on the day of his consecration, and on the feasts of Christmas and -Whitsuntide,” so that, at that date, the Bishop would seem to have been -still the superior Lord of Wispington, as of the other connected Manors. -(“Fragmenta Antiquitatis”; quoted “Linc. N. & Q.,” July 1896, p. 38). - -After this period the ownership is not quite clear. But this we can -state. We have seen that Eudo, son of Spirewic, owned two thirds of -Wispington, by gift from the Conqueror. His son, Hugh Fitz Eudo, -commonly called Brito, founded Kirkstead Abbey, in 1137, A.D., and that -religious house, at a later period, became possessed of land in -Wispington, and the benefice thereof. But meanwhile the ownership -changed more than once. From the Lansdowne M.S. (207 e., f. 455) in the -British Museum, we find that Walter Bek, {233} who had come from -Flanders, late in the 12 century, married Agnes, daughter of Pinso, and -became, through his wife, Lord of Spilsby, Eresby, Lusby, Wispington, and -other parishes; so that Eudo, and his later representatives, seem to have -passed from the scene, and the successors of his quondam companion in -arms, Pinso, to have taken their place. - -By a Court Roll (9. Richard I., A.D., 1198), it appears that Philip, son -of Robert, “put in a plea against Henry Bek, for a Knight’s fee,” _i.e._, -a certain portion of land “in Tattershall, Wispington, and Kirkby.” -(“Architect S. Journ,” xxiv. pt. i. p. 39). - -We further find, from “Testa de Nevill,” (p. 335, “Wapentake of -Horncastle,”) that Simon de Driby, held, “of the Fee of Tattershall,” -(circa A.D. 1215), lands in Kirkby, Waddingworth, Wispington, and other -places under Robert of Tattershall; the Wispington portion, therefore, -was probably that formerly held by Eudo. - -When Walter Bek’s sons succeeded to his property, the eldest, Henry, -received as his portion the manors of Spilsby, Scrivelsby, Wispington, -etc. (Harleian MS., 3720, f. 23.) - -With the beginning of the 14th century, another prominent family is found -connected with this parish. Sir William Willoughby married Alice, -daughter of John Bek, Lord of Eresby; and a “Feet of Fines,” of date A.D. -1304, (Lincoln, file 69, 31 Edwd. I.) shows that a law-suit arose between -John Bek, plaintiff, and Robert Willoughby, defendant, as to the -possession of lands in Wispington, Thimbleby, Langton, Woodhall, etc., -and the advowson of Wispington, which ended in a compromise, Robert -granting the lands and advowson to John, for his life-time, but to -revert, on his decease, to Robert and his heirs for ever. (“Architect S. -Journal,” xxiv. p. 52). The manor and advowson of Wispington thus passed -to the ancestors of the Lords of Willoughby. In the next century, we -find these transferred to Kirkstead Abbey, as shown by the following -entry, in the “Kalendar of Patent Rolls 1399–1401”:—“1401, April 20. -Licence paid in the hanaper for Philip de Dispenser, Knight; James Roos, -knight; Eudo de Zouche, clerk; Richard de Wynnewick, clerk; Richard de -Chesterfield, clerk; Henry Malbys, parson of the Church of Wylughby; and -Thomas Fitz William of Mablethorpe, to grant in mortmain a toft and 4 -bovates of land, in Wyspyngton, and the advowson of the Church of the -same town, not held in chief, to the Abbot, and Convent of Kirkstede, in -aid of their maintenance.” (p. 477). {234} - -This was further confirmed, A.D. 1401, May 2, with the addition that the -“Abbot and Convent of Kirkstede” might “serve the Benefice by a Chaplain, -Monk, or Secular” (pp. 278, 279). - -We are, after this period, unable to give (as has been done in the cases -of some other parishes), a connected series of proprietors. There are -however, various scattered records of individual owners, which possess -some interest. In a Bardney Abbey Charter, lately recovered by the Rev. -J. A. Penny, the present Vicar of Wispington, Thomas Sely of Wispington, -and Henry son of Andrew, of the same place, are witnesses to a deed, of -date May 22, 1281, signed in the Chapter House of that Monastery, “on the -Sunday next after the Ascension of our Lord,” by which the Abbot of that -House gives up for himself and his successors, all claim to his bondman, -William, son of Peter Hardigray, with all his goods and chattels, in -favour of Thomas Thorley of Gautby. It is worthy of notice, that, by -another charter, this same Thomas Thorley, of Gautby, grants to the above -William Hardigray, no longer a bondman, but Rector of Mareham, certain -lands and tenements in the adjoining parish of Edlington. The two were, -therefore, evidently close friends. This deed is witnessed by Henry, son -of John, of Wispington, Simon Francis, of Edlington, William son of -Master Bartholomew, of Thimbleby, and others. - -By a third charter, dated at Edlington, the day of Mercury (Wednesday) -next after the feast of St. Michael, A.D. 1285, William, son of William -of Wispington, gives, grants, and confirms, to the same William -Hardigray, now of Edlington, clerk, a toft with the tenements thereon, -situated in Edlington, for which he is to pay annually the rent of one -farthing, at the feast of Easter. {235} - -Among Gibbons’ “Early Lincolnshire Wills” (pp. 35, 36.) we find, that -Henry de Brauncewell, Canon of Lincoln, by will in 1395, leaves money to -his poor parishioners, at Wispington, Leasingham, St. Peter’s at Arches, -and elsewhere. - -We now get another name, which was one of weight in this parish and -elsewhere for many years. Among the list of noblemen and gentry, who -subscribed for the defence of the country, when the Spanish Armada was -expected, in 1589, we find the name of “Roberte Phillippes, of -Wispington,” who, like his neighbour Vincent Welby, of Halstead Hall, -contributed £25, which was a large sum in those days. (“Linc. N. & Q.” -vol. ii., p. 133). In the next century, among the list of gentry of -Lincolnshire, made on the Herald’s Visitation, in 1634, along with the -well-known names of Heneage, Pelham, Massingberd, Monson, &c., we also -find Robert Phillips, of Wispington. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. 73). - -This family, which afterwards by marriage acquired the name of Glover, -{236} possessed property outside of Wispington, for we find from a bond -dated October 25, 1735, that disputes having arisen as to the boundary of -the estate of Phillips Glover, at Walmsgate, and that of the estate of -Matthew Lister, of Burwell Park, adjoining it, the two proprietors agreed -to place 12 stones, in the presence of witnesses, to fix for the future -the line of separation between the properties. (Notes on the Manor of -Burwell, by R. W. Goulding; “Architect. S. Journal,” xxiv., pt. i., p. -91.) Other records in connection with this family, are as follows:— - -(1.) Walter Harpham, by his will dated 10 Feb. 1607–8, leaves the -reversion of £100 to Alice Phillips, his daughter, and £300 to his -granddaughter, Elizabeth Phillips, and to his grandson, Willoughby -Phillips, £100, and makes his son-in-law, Thomas Phillips, executor. -(Maddison’s “Wills of Lincolnshire,” 1600–1617, p. 180). - -(2.) John Holland, of Hemingby, by will, of date 15 Sep., 1608, leaves -20s. to Mr. Stephen Phillips, of Wispington, for supervising his will. -(Maddison’s “Wills of Lincolnshire,” 1600–1617, p. 27.) - -(3.) Margery Neale, of Horncastle, by her will, dated July 10, 1611, -leaves to Jane Phillips, wife of Vincent Smithe, £6 in money, herself to -keep £3 of it, and to give £3 to her daughter Elizabeth, “my -Goddaughter.” (Ibidem, p. 51.) - -In the Register of Admissions to Gray’s Inn, London (edited by J. Foster, -1889), “Robert Phillips, of Wispington, Co., Lincoln,” is named as a -student “admitted Feb. 7, 1653–4.” - -Phillips Glover, Esq., of Wispington, or Colonel Glover, married, circa. -1790, being then resident at Stainfield, Rebecca, eldest daughter of Mr. -William Jepson Proctor, Chapter Clerk, &c., of the Bail, Lincoln, and -sister to the Rev. George Jepson, M.A., Prebendary of Lincoln, 1781–1787. -(“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. 150). - -Colonel Glover had a daughter, who married Robert Vyner, Esq., of -Eathorpe, Co. Warwick, and had a numerous family. He, or more probably -his father, was Sheriff of the county of Lincoln, in the year 1727. -Early in the 19th century was issued a large mezzotint portrait of -Phillips Glover, Esq., of Wispington, described “as a steady -disinterested friend, who never courted popularity, but was ever -deserving of it.” (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. 87). The Glovers, or -Phillipses, were patrons of the Benefice; John Phillips, according to -“Liber Regis,” presenting in 1707, and Mrs. Glover in 1755. In 1769, -“pro hac vice,” Henry Martinson, Gent., presented, having doubtless -bought the next presentation, since we find his relative John Martinson, -instituted to the vicarage at that date. On his death a Glover presented -for the last time, the entire property being subsequently sold to Mr. -Turnor, of Stoke Rockford, Panton, &c. - -The Glovers, and Phillipses, had a fine residence here, of which -extensive traces still remain, in moats, fish ponds, and terraced mounds, -some 500 yards in length, and covering 5 or 6 acres. The series of ponds -and moats are arranged so as to curl about in a curious serpentine shape, -forming the outline of a snake with double head. This apparent survival -of an old serpent worship, is not unusual in such ancient places as Abury -Hill, on Salisbury Plain; Stanton Drew, in Somersetshire; Carnac, in -Brittany; &c. (Dean’s “Worship of the Serpent,” 1833); but here it would -seem to indicate a greater antiquity than the time of the Glover family. -The gardens, and “pleasaunce,” surrounding the residence, must have been -very extensive; the farmhouse, now occupied by Mr. Andrew Evison, was -part of this residence, and there is some old brickwork among the farm -buildings, said to have been part of a private chapel. {237} To the east -was an avenue of fine trees, of great age, which were felled in the first -half of the 19th century. The family continued at Wispington down to -recent times, though in greatly reduced circumstances, the last of them -being the Rev. Robert Glover, vicar of the parish from 1795 to 1838. He -died leaving a numerous family, scantily provided for. {238a} During his -time the church and parsonage would seem to have participated in the -dilapidated condition of his own fortune, and in the Register we find the -following note, in his own hand:—“The chancell of this church fell in, on -Friday the 22 day of November, 1833, about 9 o’clock at night, R. Glover, -vicar.” - -We now proceed to the church. Both Weir and Saunders state that the -edifice, in their day, was without interest. The late Rev. Charles Pratt -Terrott, who was appointed to the vicarage, in 1838, by Mr. Christopher -Turnor, took down this decayed structure, and erected an entirely new -church; and, being well-known as an archæologist of wide learning, and -cultivated tastes, {238b} with the aid of the architect, Mr. G. B. -Atkinson, of York, he produced a church, which, though small, as the -population only required, is one of unusual interest. It was erected in -1863. In the process of demolition of the former church, two late Norman -capitals cut from one stone, {238c} were discovered, indicating that -there had, at one time, been a Norman edifice here; and, from other -relics, it was apparent that this early structure, had been either -rebuilt or added to in the 13th century. That building, however, had in -turn been superseded by a wretched fabric of no architectural -pretensions, now, happily, gone the way of its more worthy predecessors. -The present church, dedicated like so many others in the neighbourhood to -St. Margaret, is of the Early English style, and consists of a tower with -spire, nave, south porch, chancel, and vestry on the north side of the -chancel, from which, for economy of space, access is had to the pulpit, -standing in the north-east corner of the nave. The nave has coupled -lancet windows in the north and south walls; there are detached lancet -windows, with a trefoiled light above them, in the west tower wall; and a -triplet at the east end of the chancel, and two single lights in its -south wall. The tower and spire are almost a copy of the small but -elegant spire of Woodhall St. Margaret. It is supported within by the -rather unusual arrangement of a narthex or arcade of three arches, and -two pillars, instead of the more common single arch. The walls are -relieved by coloured patterns running round the windows, and various -devices elsewhere, which have a very pleasing effect. The roof of the -nave is supported by corbels bearing the symbols of the Evangelists. The -pulpit is of Caen stone, with coloured marble shafts, the panels having -sculptures, the work of Mr. Terrot, assisted by Mr. Watson Moore, of -Horncastle; they represent the Nativity, Nathan and David, and the return -of the Prodigal. The font, of the same materials, is adorned with -medallions, also carved by the reverend artist, representing the animals -mentioned in the New Testament, arranged in groups and intermingled with -foliage. Mrs. Terrot’s artistic skill is also shown in the carving of -the figure of St. Margaret, placed above a dedication stone in the -western wall of the nave, and in various bosses and capitals, as well as -in the oaken eagle lectern. The paving of the nave alley is of red and -black tiles; that of the chancel of Minton’s encaustic tiles, their -richness being increased within the altar rails. The reredos is of the -same material, but differing in character. The subjects in the coloured -east window, by Messrs Ward and Hughes, are scenes from our Lord’s life -on earth; and in the western window, are the figures of St. Margaret, and -St. John the Baptist, by the same artists. These were provided through -the efforts of Mrs. Terrot, who also obtained the 3rd bell to complete -the set. The three bells bear the following inscriptions:—(1) “Ave Maria -Graciæ Plena” (diameter 26¾ inches); (2) “Cast by John Warner and Sons, -London” (diameter 28 inches); (3) “Sancta Maria Ora Pro Nobis” (diameter -36¾ inches). It is curious that the only bells in a minor key, in this -neighbourhood, are those of Baumber and Wispington, contiguous parishes. - -Between the font and the west window is a blue slate slab, having the -inscription “Here lyeth the body of Robert Phillips, gentleman, who -departed this life, the 24th day of June, 1668.” On the south side of -this stone, close to it, lies the body of Phillips Glover, Esq. On a -white marble monument on the north wall of the chancel, are the arms and -crest, of the Phillips family; crest, a white eagle, with blue crown -round its neck, on a hemlet, mantled, the visor closed; arms, azure, -party per chevron, argent, three white eagles with azure crowns round -their necks passant, 1 and 2. Below is the inscription:—“To the memory -of John Phillips, Esq., this monument is dedicated by his nephew and -heir, Phillips Glover, Esq. He was the second and last surviving son of -Robert Phillips, Esq., who lies buried in this chancel. He died -unmarried on the 19th of February, 1719–20, aged 62, and in him his -family was extinct. In memory of Phillips Glover, Esq: He married Mary -daughter and heiress of Richard Lee, Esq., of Winslade, in Devonshire, -and left two children, Phillips and Mary. He died, June 28, 1745. Veri -cultor et Libertatis. This inscription by his order.” - -Opposite this monument is one of white marble, on the south side of the -chancel, behind the desk. The arms and crest are the same, with this -inscription:—“Near this place lyeth ye bodye of Robert Phillips, Esq., -who departed this life, ye 24th of June, 1668. And of Stephen Phillips, -Esq., eldest son of Robert, who departed this life, ye 9th of Feb., -1682–3. And of Robert Phillips, of London, Goldsmith, third son of -Robert Phillips, who departed this life, the 12 of December, 1707. And -of Benjamen Phillips, merchant, fourth son of ye above said Robert, who -departed this life, Aug. ye 8th, 1715, æt 49.” - -Over the instruments of the Passion, in a medallion above the vestry -door, in the chancel (which are really the masonic signs of a Knight -Templar’s encampment, {240}) is a tablet with this inscription:—“To the -memory of the Rev. Robert Merony Glover, who was upwards of 43 years -vicar of this parish. He died Feb. 8th, 1838, aged 62 years. He was the -poor man’s friend. Also of Ann, relic of the above Robert Merony Glover, -whose remains are interred in the family vault of her parents, at -Horncastle. Four of their children rest in this chancel. This tablet is -consecrated by the affectionate and grateful survivors.” - -In the vestry, on a tablet on the north wall, is this -inscription:—“Sacred to the memory of the Rev. John Martinson, late vicar -of this church, and rector of Screamby, who departed this life, the 16th -of July, 1788, aged 51 years.” An incised slab, now in the floor of the -vestry, but whence removed is not known, has an inscription to John -Hetherset, “Rector,” in 1399. The figure is habited in full canonicals, -even to the gloves. - -The benefice is now only a “vicarage”; but the explanation of this -difference is, that, at that date, just before the advowson was given to -Kirkstead Abbey, it was a rectory. When the rectorial tithes passed to -the abbot, the incumbent became the abbot’s vicar. - -In the south-east corner of the churchyard, is a tombstone with the -inscription:—“In memory of the 18 children of George and Mary Hannath, -who all died in their infancy, 1831–1855. {241} He shall gather the -lambs in His arms, and carry them in His bosom.” - -One of the double lancet windows in the nave, nearest the pulpit has -been, within recent years, filled with coloured glass in memory of the -Rev. C. P. Terrot, by his widow. The subjects are four:—(1) Bezaleel -carving cherubim on the altar, and overlaying them with gold; (2) -Aholiab, the cunning workman, looking at his work; (3) our Lord as a -youth, working at his trade of carpenter; (4) a medieval priest, -presenting before the altar, a small church, which is held in his hands. -The two small lancets in the south wall of the chancel have stained glass -to the memory of Colonel Charles Terrot, eldest son of the Rev. C. P. -Terrot. The subjects are two:—(1) Samuel presented by Hannah in the -Temple; (2) Joshua commanding the sun to stand still. The small window -over the font was presented by Miss Terrot, the subject being the Holy -Dove hovering. Recently Mrs. Terrot presented to the church a casket, -containing an account of the restoration, and contents, of the church, -beautifully bound. This is kept on a bracket in the east wall of the -nave, opposite the pulpit. - -We give here a list of the vicars of this parish during the last two and -a half centuries. William Azlack, 1662–1670; John Smith, 1670–1707; -Thomas Doughty, 1707–8–1754; J. Carr, 1754–1769; John Martinson, -1769–1788; William Chaplin, 1788–1795; Robert Merony Glover, 1795–1838; -C. P. Terrot, 1838–1886; Beauchamp St. John Tyrwhitt, 1886–1890; F. S. -Alston, 1890–1896; James Alpass Penny, 1896. - -We have mentioned that the Glovers became very much reduced in pecuniary -means; when the Rev. Robert Merony Glover, died in 1838, he left the -church, vicarage, and farmstead adjoining, almost in ruins; and we think -it should not go unrecorded, that the Rev. Charles Pratt Terrot, who -succeeded him, declined to accept any compensation for these -dilapidations, as the Glover family were so poor. - -An ancient font was placed in the church, June 2nd, 1841, having been -removed from the ruins of an oratory in the garden of Poolham Hall. This -is now the font in the church of Woodhall St. Margaret, being placed -there by the vicar, the present writer. It is supported by 4 columns of -serpentine, the gift of the Rev. J. A. Penny, of Wispington. - -The register dates from 1662. Some of the entries are peculiar. From -1662 to 1667, the entries of baptisms regularly alternate between -children of William Azlack, clerk, and Mary, his wife, and those of -Robert Phillips, Esq., and Mary, his wife; vicar and squire thus running -each other “neck and neck” in their progeny, a competition which -curiously is terminated by the demise of the vicar’s wife, buried May -10th, 1668, and that of Mr. Robert Phillips, six weeks later, who was -buried June 26th, 1668. - -On “Oct. 18th, 1682, Mr. Philip Ormston, rector of Skremby, was buried” -here. Why he was brought to Wispington for burial does not appear, -unless his Christian name indicates relationship to the Phillips family. - -On Oct. 27th, 1692, is registered the marriage of “John Spennly, weaver, -and Isabel Hawstead, spinster.” The latter, doubtless derived her name -from the neighbouring hamlet of Halstead, in Stixwould, still pronounced -“Haw-stead.” The addition of “weaver” to the husband’s name is -interesting, as evidence of a bygone craft. Weaving and spinning were at -that time a common occupation of the humbler classes. {243} The epithet -“spinster” we still retain, of the woman to be married, but the term -“weaver” for the man is now obsolete. The Rev. J. A. Penny has part of a -blanket, which was woven by the great grandmother of a parishioner in -Wispington, now 60 years of age. - -In 1792, we find “Bartho (Bartholomew) Goe” signing as curate; a -patronymic which, until recently, survived in the neighbourhood. Among a -list of the Vicars of Boston, Bartholomew Goe is given as appointed in -1817 (Thomson’s “Boston,” p. 86). It may also be noticed that on “July -16th, 1788, John Martinson, vicar, was buried”; the next entry recording -the burials of his posthumous son, John, aged 8 weeks, on March 17th, -1789; while the next entry again records the burial of his relict, Mary -Martinson, Sept. 21st, 1791. - -On Nov. 2nd, 1710, “William Peascodd of this parish, and Amy Todd of ye -parish of Bardney, were married”; in connection with which entry, we may -mention, that there is in Boston Church, within the altar rails, on the -north side, a fine brass of “Walter Peascod, merchant, 1398.” - -Opposite several of the names in the register, both in the 17th and 18th -centuries, are appended curious “hieroglyphic” signs, the meaning of -which is, at the least, obscure. - -Of the communion plate, the cup and paten are dated 1712, presented by -John Phillips, Esq. - -A group of trees in this parish is named “Barrow Plantation.” Whether -there existed formerly a sepulchral barrow, which gave rise to the name, -is not known; the explanation given by the modern bucolic mind is that -the spot is haunted by a spectral wheelbarrow. - -A tradition lingers here that, in the 18th century, a duel was fought, -around which the usual accretions have clustered; that the combatants -were two brothers, who were attached to the same “ladye fayre”; that one -killed the other; that they fought in the avenue near the former hall of -the Glovers; while, in a pannelled bedroom at the adjoining hall farm, -there is still preserved a cupboard, which has not been opened for many -years, as it is supposed, in some way, to be connected with “the green -lady” (such ladies are usually “green”), who was the cause of the -quarrel. Careful enquiry, however, has ruthlessly swept away all of the -accumulated romance of this incident, and the bare facts are found to be -as follows, for which, it should be added, the writer is indebted to a -MS. in the possession of Captain Craggs, of Threekingham Hall, confirmed -by the “Gentleman’s Magazine” of 1760, p. 246.:—Thursday, May 1st. The -combatants were Major Glover, of Wispington, of the Lincolnshire Militia, -and Mr. Jackson, an apothecary, of Manchester. “At a rehearsal, at the -playhouse, in that town, Mr. Jackson came behind the Major, and struck -him on the back, seemingly in joke, upon which the Major turned about and -with a switch struck Jackson, saying, also in joke, ‘What! Jackson, is -it you?’ On this Jackson, in a great passion, said ‘D—n you, sir, -although you are a Major, I will not take this from you.’ The Major, -surprised at this, replied, ‘Why, what can you mean? I was only in joke, -as well as yourself.’ But Jackson persisted in his anger, and said he -insisted on satisfaction. The Major was not able to pacify him by saying -that he meant no affront. But Jackson insisted on fighting him with -swords. They went to a coffee-house, and there, in a back room, they -fought. The Major ran Mr. Jackson through the body, after which, on the -former leading Mr. Jackson through the coffee-room for assistance, Mr. -Jackson, owned, before several witnesses, that it was entirely his own -fault, and that he had been wounded by the Major in a very fair and -gentlemanlike manner; and that, if he died, he entirely forgave the -Major.” - -The unfortunate Mr. Jackson would seem to have incurred the fatal penalty -of his own folly; for, in the same magazine, under the date “Wednesday, -Aug. 20th, 1760,” p. 440, is the following notice:—“At the Assizes at -Lancaster, Philip Glover, Esq., Major in the Lincolnshire Militia, was -found guilty of manslaughter, for killing Mr. Jackson, of Manchester, in -a duel, and was immediately discharged out of custody in court. It was -with great difficulty that sufficient evidence could be procured to -induce the grand jury to find the bill.” - -Thus the one passage of arms, of which we know, connected with -Wispington, although fatal in its effect, is reduced to the farce of -human folly. From the sublime to the ridiculous is but a step. - -May Wispington’s future martial sons fight in a nobler cause than that of -self pride. - -We may add, that at a court-martial held eight months later, March 24th, -1762, Philip Glover was acquitted of any “behaviour contrary to the -articles of war,” but the court was of opinion that he had, in hasty -heat, used language to Capt. Gardiner, contrary to good order and -discipline, and he was adjudged to be reprimanded publicly in the -presence of the officers and men of his regiment. The member of this -court-martial were the following:—Col. Lord Vincent Mandeville, Hunts. -Militia, president; Lieut.-Col. Richard Townley, Lancashire Militia; -Lieut.-Col. John Lister, Yorkshire Militia; Major Robert Coney, Norfolk -Militia; Major Sir Philip Monoux, Bart., Bedfordshire Militia; Major -Francis Longe, Norfolk Militia; Capt. Edmund Townley, Lancashire Militia; -Capt. Carr Brackenbury, Lincolnshire Militia; Capt. G. De Ligne Gregory, -Lincolnshire Militia, and others; with the Honble. Charles Gould, Deputy -Judge Advocate General. - - - - -INDEX - - -A. - - -ABERGAVENNY, Earls of, 59 -Abrincis, Lupus de, 65, 75, 144, 170, 225 -Acham, Anthony, charity founded by, 63 -Albemarle, or Aumale, Earl of, 75 and note -Algar, Earl of Mercia, 30, 137, 176 -Alms, gate, bequeathed at Revesby, 140, 162 -Angevin auxiliaries, 176 -Angus, Earl of, 59, 110, 182, 192 -Asgarby, meaning of name, 137 and note -,, church described, 138 -,, Owners, former— -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 137 -,, ,, Bishops of Durham, 137 -,, ,, Bishops of Lincoln, 137 -,, ,, present owners, Ecclesiastical Commissioners, 137 -Asgarby Benefice annexed to Lusby, 137 -Ashby, meaning of “Ash,” 12, 14, 15 -Ashby Puerorum, church described 12, 13 -,, ,, field-name, 10 -,, ,, gallows, 9 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Saxons Odincarle and Chilbert, 2 -,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, Earl of Kent, 2 -,, ,, Creveceur, or De Courcy family, 3, 145 -,, ,, Gilbert Fitz-Gozelin, 3 -,, ,, Kirktons, of Kirton, 4 -,, ,, Lord Treasurer Cromwell, 4 -,, ,, Earl of Albemarle, 4 -,, ,, Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk, 4 -,, ,, Lord Willoughby of Parham, 4 -,, ,, James Prescott, Esq., 4 -,, ,, Gedney family, 4 -,, ,, Sir William Wentworth, 5 -,, ,, Stephen Dinely Totton, 6 -,, ,, Earl Manvers, 1, 6 -,, ,, Pocklington-Coltman family, 1, 6 -,, Holbeck hamlet in Ashby, 10 -,, Hoe-hill in Holbeck, 10, 11 -,, Stainsby hamlet in Ashby, 6 -,, ,, ghost, 7, 8 -,, Littlebury family, 6 -,, Roman sepulchre, 13 -Asterby, church described, 16, 17, 18 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Lady Lucia Thorold, 15 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 15 -,, ,, Guevera John, 16 -,, ,, ,, Francis, 16 -,, ,, Dighton family, 15 -,, ,, Hansard, 15, 16 -,, ,, Dame Jane Dymoke, 18 -,, ,, Trafford family, 16 -Ayscough, or Askew, Sir Edward, 51 -,, Sir Francis, 90, 191 -,, Walter, Esq., 163 -,, Henry Esq., 163 -,, family of, 16, 110 -,, arms of, 115 -,, meaning of name, 115 - - - -B. - - -BAIEUX, Odo, bishop of, 2, 101, 102, 156, 182, 208 -,, ,, influence and great possessions, 156 -,, ,, possessions forfeited, 156 -,, Tapestry, 102, note -Banks, Sir Joseph (1714), 114, 164 -,, ,, his collections at Revesby Abbey, 164, 165 -,, ,, monument and inscription to, 166 -Bardney Abbey, charters, 41 -,, ,, pension to, 135 -Barkham, Sir Robert, 61 -Barkworth, Robert de, 35 -,, William de, 35 -,, family, 212 -Barrows at Revesby, 165 -,, at Ranby, formerly, 157 and note -Baumber, church described, 20, 21 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Saxons, Ulf and Tonna, 20 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 19 -,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, 20 -,, ,, Dightons, 20 -,, ,, Earls of Lincoln, 20 -,, ,, Dukes of Newcastle, 20 -,, ,, Livesey family, sold to, 20 -,, ,, Vyner family, a moiety, 20 -,, Site for vicarage given by Robt. de Grey Vyner, Esq., 1857, 22 -Bavent, William de, note, 88 -Bec, Anthony, 132 -,, Anthony, bishop of Durham, 107 -,, John’s gifts to Kirkstead Abbey, note, 234 -,, Thomas, bishop of Lincoln, 107 -,, Thomas, bishop of St. David’s, 107 -,, Walter, 54, 107, 146 -,, ,, grants to Kirkstead Abbey, manure of sheep in Kirkby, 107 -,, ,, quitclaims to Kirkstead Abbey, toll on corn, 107 -,, Walter, constable of Lincoln Castle, 106, 133 -,, ,, constable of Bristol, 133 -,, family, influential, 106, 107, 132 -Bec arms, formerly in church, Kirkby-on-Bain, 110 -Bedford, duke of, 59 -Beelsby, Sir Thomas, of Beelsby, 37 -Belchford, church described, 23–25 -,, stoup, richly carved, 25 -,, Owners— -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 22 -,, ,, Sir Thomas Glemham, 23 -,, ,, Sir Thomas Hartopp, 23 -,, ,, R. de Grey Vyner, Esq., 23 -Benigworth, Geoffrey de, 170 -Bentinck, William de, 170 -,, family, 180 -Bernak, de, family, 109 -Bevere, Drogo de, his rapacity, 74 -Bigot, Earl Marshall, 147 -Billsby of Billsby, 49 -Blagge, Thomas, groom of bedchamber, anecdote, 90, and note -Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, 33 -Blundville, _i.e._, Oswestry, 88 -Blunt, family of, 76 and note -Boars, wild, protected by law, 115 -Bolingbroke, church described, 27, 28, 29 -,, benefice united with Hareby, 91 -,, Hare, phantom of, 33 -,, “Honour” of, 26, 32 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, William de Romara, 30 -,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, 32 -,, ,, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, 32 -,, ,, De Lacy family, 32 -,, ,, John, Duke of Lancaster, 32 -,, ,, Henry IV., 32 -Bolles, Sir George, 37 -,, Sir John, 37 -Bond-servant, 41 -,, given as “chattells,” 89, 122, 162, 170, 235 -Booth, John, Rector of Salmonby, 172 -,, ,, silver cup of Volunteers, 1808, 173 -Boroughbridge, battle of, Earl of Lancaster defeated at, 106 -Boucherett, 115 -Boundary stones, 231 -Bourg-Thorold, hotel de, 31, note -Brackenbury, Robert Carr, of Raithby, 153 -,, ,, grants hay loft for Wesleyan services, 153 -Brandon, Charles, duke of Suffolk, 4, 40, 60, 84, 89, 114, 140, 149, 163 -,, ,, two sons die of “sweating sickness,” 60 -“Brides of Enderby,” the, 51 -“Briefs,” curious, Hagg Registers, 81, 82 -Brigg Grammar School, 114 -Brinkhill “gold,” 82 -Brittany, Alan, earl of, a worthy character, 73 -Brown, Sir John, 126 -Bryan, Governor of Bolingbroke Castle, 90 -Bucknall, Thorold of, 158 -,, ,, his sister, the Lady Godiva, 158 -Burghley, Lord Treasurer, 114, 164 -Burials, numerous, Salmonby, 169, Sotby, 183 -Buried in wool, 61 and note -“By” as suffix, meaning of, 99 -By-road—village road, 99 - - - -C. - - -CANDLES before altar, money bequeathed for, 140, 163, 195 -Cantelupe, Nicholas, 59, 182 -,, ,, his chantry and tomb in Lincoln Cathedral, 183 -Carsey, John, owner of Revesby, 164 -Causeway, ancient, at Revesby, 160 -Cavendish, Augustine, 134 -,, Charles, 180 -Cawkwell church, 181 -Chalibeate spring at Salmonby, 170 -Chaloner, Thomas, 49 -Chase, Tumby, 105 -Cheales, family of, 80 -Cheles, Baldric de, 139 -Cholmeley, Sir Hugh, 212 -Chrismatory found at Poolham Hall, 38 -Clap-gate, 10 -Clifton, of Clifton, arms at Kirkby-on-Bain, 109 -Clinton, of Baumber, marries daughter of Dighton, of Stourton, 69 -,, ,, Lord Edward, 114 -Conquest, churches before the, 40, 55, 56, 57, 75, 121, 183, 184, 211 -Copledyke, family of, 8, 76, 80 -,, Alan, governor of Bolingbroke Castle, 90 -,, John, lord of Oxcombe, 148 -Corbet, John, old family, 43 -Cormayle family, 211 -“Coventry Act” of Parliament, 204 -Craven, Howard, owner of Revesby, 164 -Cressaunt of Tuluse, 84 -“Creeping-silver,” box for, East Kirkby church, 130 -Cressie, Agnes, 50 -Cressy, Faith, married G. Tyrwhitt, 111 -,, ,, her will, 112 -,, ,, family, of Fulsby, 111 -Creveceur, or de Courcy, 3, 145 and note, 195, 212 -,, ,, privileged to wear hat in presence of royalty, 3, 195 -Cromwell, Lord Treasurer, 4, 59, 109, 156 and notes -Cross close (where stood the village cross), 71 -Croyland cattle destroyed by Ivo Taillebois, 19 -Culverhouse, value of, 12, note - - - -D. - - -DACRE de la South, Lady (Mavis Enderby), 50 -Dalison, William, of Hareby, 90 -,, probably d’Alencon, 189, note -Deer, Roe, common in Tumby Chase, note, 115 -,, tax on their skins, ½_d._ per 100, ibid. -De Haya, of Kirkby-on-Bain, 111 -De Lacy family, Old Bolingbroke, 32 -,, of Scamblesby, 177 -,, of Kirkby-on-Bain, 103, 104 -De la Haye, Lord of Goulceby, 58 -Deloraine, Lord, connected with Goulceby, 61 -D’Eyncourt, owners of Kirkby-on-Bain, 109 and note -,, body sewn up in leather, buried in Lincoln Cathedral, 109, note -Dighton, John, of Minting, 69 -,, John, of Hatton, 93 -,, Robert, owner of Stourton, 90, 197, 208 -,, marries a Clinton, 69 -,, Thomas, of Waddingworth, 217 -,, family, 15, 20, 69 -Dog-dyke, _i.e._, Dock-dike, 99 -Dog-whippers in church, 200 -Dorset, Marquis of, 163 -Druid circles, 98 and note -Duel fought by Capt. Glover, of Wispington, 243, 244 -Duke of Lancaster, 27 -,, of Newcastle, owner of Baumber, 20 -Dutch sportsman in Lincolnshire Wolds, 2, note -Dymock, Arthur, of Toft, 110, 111 -,, his will, ibidem -,, Sir Robert, (Mavis Enderby) 49 -Dymoke, Dame Jane, founds Hemingby school, 97 -Dyer, poet, rector of Kirkby-on-Bain, 118 - - - -E. - - -EARL of Abergavenny, 59 -,, Angus, 110 -,, Chester, 88 -,, Exeter, 121 -,, Kent, 102 -,, Lancaster, 106 -,, Lincoln, 104, 159, 189 -Earl Manvers, 80, 96 -,, Mercia, 30, 137 -,, Moretaine, 102 -,, Northumberland, 59 -,, Oxford, 49, 180 -,, Strafford, 5, 11, 69 -Easter sepulchre, 130, 136, 185 -Edlington, church described, 44, 45 -,, registers, curious, 42, 43 -,, Owners— -,, ,, Saxons, Egbert, 39, Ulf, 39, Tonna, 40 -,, ,, Danes, Hubba and Inguar, 40 -,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, 35 -,, ,, Robert de Barkeworth, 35, 36 -,, ,, Thymelby family, 36 -,, ,, Saviles, of Howley, 37 -,, ,, Bolles family, 37 -,, ,, Sir E. Turnor and descendants, 37 -,, ,, William Byron, Esq., 38 -,, ,, Hassard Short family, 34 -,, meaning of name, 39 -,, ancient remains found at, 39 -Edmund, St.’s, penny, 130 -Edric, the Saxon, 54 -Eland, Saxon family, 127 and notes -,, John, tomb in Baumber church, 127 -,, held manor of Cawkwell, 128 -,, held manors of Bag Enderby and Mavis Enderby, note, 128 -,, held Honour of Peverel, 127 -Elnod, the Saxon, 47 -Enderby, Mavis, church described, 52, 53 -,, Runic stone in west doorway, 52 -,, stoup, curious, 53 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Elnod and Godwin, Saxons, 47 -,, ,, Richard de Malbyse, 47 -,, ,, William de Karilepho, 48 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 48 -,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 48 -,, ,, several smaller owners, 49 -,, ,, Henry IV. as duke of Lancaster, 49 -,, ,, Sir George Taillebois, 49 -,, ,, John Billesby, of Billesby, 49, 128, note -,, ,, Nicholas Eland, 49, 128, note -,, ,, Gedney family, 50 -,, ,, Willoughbies and Becs, 51 -,, Present owners— -,, ,, Mrs. Rashdall, of London, 51 -,, ,, Mrs. Coltman, of Hagnaby, 51 -,, ,, Mrs. Holmes, of Eastville, 51 -,, ,, The Rector, 51 -Epigram on Goodrich, 131, note -Eudo, son of Spirewic, 48, 105, 152, 208, 216, 232 -“Exhibition” paid for maintenance 124, note - - - -F. - - -FARTHING, rent of land, 89, 235 -Field-names, see Names of fields -Fishery, valuable property, held by Pinso, in Tumby, 105 -,, granted by Simon de Tumby to Kirkstead Abbey, 108 -“Ffitches,” _i.e._, marten skins, gown lined with, 62 -Fitz-Eudo, Hugh, called Brito, 8, 105, 152 -,, ,, founded Kirkstead Abbey, 105 -Fitz-Eustache, Richard, constable of Chester, 106 -Fitz-William, Wm., High Admiral, 49 -Flint implements found in Salmonby, 216 -Foljambes connected with Ayscoughs, 115 -Fortescue, Lord, 114 -Fulletby, church described, 55, 56 -,, Saxon church, 55 -,, Owners of—54–56 -,, ,, Saxons, Siward and Edric, 54 -,, ,, Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, 54 -,, ,, Pinson “Dapifer,” 54 -,, ,, Bec family, 54, 55 -,, ,, Willoughby d’Eresby, Lord, 55 -,, ,, Willoughby of Parham, Lord, 55 -,, ,, Elmhirst, Booth, Riggall, &c. 55 -,, church “xxiv candels” altar, 56 -,, “Ikon Basilike,” 56 -,, Robert Leech of, joined “Lincolnshire Rising,” 55 -,, paid pension to Bullington Priory, 55 -,, Roman urns found at, 56 -Fulsby, _i.e._ Fugels-by, 100 -,, Cressy of, 111 -,, Hall, 101 -Fulstow, Roger, of Waddingworth, 216, 217 - - - -G. - - -Gallows, 9, 40, 76, 119 and note, 171 -“Garth, Saffron,” Revesby, 161 -Gascoyne, connected with Kirkby-on-Bain, “ancient and virtuous family,” -113 -Gate-alms, 140, 162 -Gaunt, Gilbert de, 20, 32, 35, 40, 75, 88, 177, 226 -,, John, Duke of Lancaster, 27, 88, 131, 226 -Gedney, Andrew, 148 -,, George, 4, 49 -,, family, 50, 78, 148 -Ghost of Stainsby, 7 -Girvii of the Fens, 186 and note -Glemham, Sir Henry, 60 -,, John, of Glemham Parva, Suffolk, 60 -,, Thomas, 60 (Burwell) -,, Sir Thomas, 23, 149 -Glover family, of Wispington, 231, 232, 233 -,, Duel fought by Capt. Glover, 244 -Gloves, tenure by, 133 -Godiva, Lady, 30, 158, 188, 194 -Goodrich family, 123, note -,, bequest of gown, and money to repair roads, 123, 124 -,, epigram on, 131 note -Goulceby, Saxon church formerly, 67 -,, Benefice united to Asterby, 57 -,, charity, by Anthony Acham, 63 -,, tenure by rose, 59 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 58 -,, ,, De la Haye family, 58 -,, ,, Philip de Kyme, 59, 61 -,, ,, Nicholas de Cantelupe, 59 -,, ,, Earl of Abergavenny, 59 -,, ,, Gilbert Umfraville, 59 -,, ,, Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, 59 -,, ,, Duke of Bedford, 59 -,, ,, Cromwell, Lord Treasurer, 59 -,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 60 -,, ,, Glemham family, of Glemham Parva, Suffolk, 60 -,, ,, Sir Matthew Lister, 60, 62 -,, ,, Sir Martin Lister, 61 -,, ,, Lord Deloraine, 61 -,, ,, Sir E. Boughton, 61 -,, ,, Sir Robert Barkham, 61 -,, ,, Knollys family, 61 -,, ,, Adam Heneage, 63 -,, Present owners— -,, ,, Col. Bagnall, 63 -,, ,, Earl Manvers, 63 -,, ,, T. Falkner Alison, Esq., 63 -Grant, John, Lord of Oxcombe, 149 -Grantham family, 8 -“Grayle,” or “Graduate,” (Kirkby-on-Bain) 117, note -Green Lady of Thorpe Hall, 37 and note -“Green, Coney,” “low” and “over,” 40, 119, 171 -Greetham, church described, 71, 72 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Hugh de Abrincis, 65 -,, ,, Henry de Lacy, 66 -,, ,, Edmund of Woodstock, 65 -,, ,, Hugh Despenser, 66 -,, ,, Henry of Lancaster, 66 -,, ,, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford (1785), 69 -,, ,, John Fardell, Esq., M.P. for Lincoln, 70 -,, ,, Robert Dennis, Esq., 70 -,, ,, F. Wormall, Esq., 70 -,, ,, Lady Carden, 70 -Grynne family, 126 note -Guevera family, 16, 179 - - - -H. - - -HAGWORTHINGHAM, church described, 80, 81 -,, Owners— -,, ,, Earl of Brittany, 73 -,, ,, Drogo de Bevere, 74, 75 -,, ,, Earl of Chester, 75, 76 -,, ,, Gaunt family, 76 -,, ,, De Quincy family, 76 -,, ,, Copledyke family, 76 -,, ,, Hansard family, 76 -,, ,, Welles family, 76, 77 -,, ,, Blunt, Thomas, 76 -,, ,, Littlebury family, 77, 78 -,, ,, John Gedney, 78 -,, ,, Francis Bountague, 79 -,, Present— -,, ,, Cheales family, 80 -,, ,, Sir H. Ingleby, 80 -,, ,, Earl Manvers, 80 -,, John Littlebury of, buried before Our Lady of the Rood, 77 -,, Registers, curious briefs in, 81, 82 -Hallam, Henry (Old Bolingbroke), 30 -Halstead Hall—see Stixwould -,, robbery at, 204 -Hameringham, church described 85, 86 -,, old hour-glass in, 85 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Gilbert de Fitz-Gozelin, 83 -,, ,, Angevin family, 83 -,, ,, Robert Cressaunt, 84 -,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 84, 85 -,, ,, Chaplin family, 85 -,, ,, Coltman family, 85 -,, tenure by annual gift of spurs, 84 -,, curious field-names, 84 -Hamerton, George, old family, 43 -Hansards, 15, 16, 77 -Hand, putting to altar, to confirm charter, 108 -Hardegrey, Peter, 41 -,, “Master” William, 41 -Hareby, church described, 91, 92 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, The Lady Lucia Thorold, 87 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 87 -,, ,, Roger de Romara, 87 -,, ,, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, 88 -,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, 88 -,, ,, Ranulph de Meschines, 88 -,, ,, Robert de Quincy, 88 -,, ,, John of Gaunt, 88 -,, ,, Willoughby family, 88 -,, ,, Revesby Abbey and other smaller owners, 89 -,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 89 -,, ,, several smaller owners, 90 -,, ,, Littleburies, 90 -,, ,, Skynners, 91 -,, ,, Bryan, 91 -,, ,, Messrs. Ramsden & Taylor, 91 -Harecourt, Robert de, 140 -Hatton, church described, 94, 95 -,, Neocomian boulders near, 95 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, E. Turnor, Esq., lord of the manor, 95 -,, ,, C. C. Sibthorpe, Esq., 95 -Hauley, Sir Thomas, 109, note -Hawise de Quincy, 76 -,, Redvers, 158, note -Hawks, bequest of, 79 -Hawley, family of, 114 -Haye, de la, 58 -Hay-loft bequeathed for Wesleyan services, 153 -Hemingby, church described, 96 -,, charity of Dame Jane Dymoke, 97 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Edric the Saxon, 96 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 96 -,, ,, Sir John Ratclyffe, 97 -,, ,, Dymoke family, 97 -,, ,, Earl Manvers, etc., 96 -Heneage, Adam, 63 -Henry IV., of Old Bolingbroke, 88, 121, 177 -Hesele, de, family, 211 -“Honour of Bolingbroke,” 26 -,, Greetham, 64, 68 -Horsington, Thorold of, 42 -Hotel de Bourg-Thorold, 31 note -Hour-glass, old, on pulpit, 85 -Howard family, 114 -Hubert Walter, 140 -Hugh Fitz-Eudo, 8, 105, 152, 229 -Hussey, Lord, 212 -,, family, 212 -Hustwaite, Sir Edward, 50 - - - -I. - - -INGELBY, Sir H. D., Bart., 80 -Inguar and Hubba, Danes, 40 -Ipre, Sir John, 141 -Ivo Taillebois, 15, 24, 48, 58, 87, 121, 137, 138, 139, 151, 159, 176, -180, 188 -,, his tyrranous nature, 159, 188 - - - -J. - - -JEFFERY, Stennet, murderers of, 119, 120 -Jenney, Sir Thomas, 125 - - - -K. - - -KARILEPHO, William de, Bishop of Durham, 48, 54, note, 101, 102, 103, -144, 151, 208, 215, 228 -,, Abbey of St., in Normandy, 102 -“Key-hole” window in Lusby church, 155 -Kighly, John, of Salmonby, at Agincourt, 172 -King, E., of Ashby-de-la-Launde, land in Salmonby, 171 -King Henry IV., 49, 88, 177 -Kirketon, of Kirketon (Kirton), 66, 108, 109 -Kirkby-on-Bain, church described, 116, 117, 118 -,, Armorial bearings, once in church, 109 -,, Jurisdiction of, 105 -,, a “town,” 105 -,, Pontefract also called Kirkby, 104 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Ulmar, Godwin, Gonewate, Saxons, 101 -,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, 101 -,, ,, William de Karilepho, 101 -,, ,, Ilbert de Lacy, 103, 104 -,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 105 -,, ,, Henry Travers, 106 -,, ,, Wido de Laval, 106 -,, ,, Albreda de Lisours, 106 -,, ,, Richard Fitz-Eustache, 106 -,, ,, Earl of Lancaster, 106 -,, ,, Bec family, 106, 107 -,, ,, Willoughby family, 108 -,, ,, Ralph de Cromwell, 109 -,, ,, Dymokes and Cressies, 110 -,, ,, Percy family, 112 -,, ,, Lord Clinton, 114 -,, ,, Lord Fortescue, 114 -,, ,, Sir H. M. Hawley, 114 -,, ,, Stanhope family, 114 -,, ,, H. Rogers, Esq., 114 -Kirkby, East, church described, 128, 131 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 121 -,, ,, Romara family, 121 -,, ,, De La Launde family, 121 -,, ,, Duke of Lancaster, Henry IV. 121 -,, ,, Sir Vincent Skinner, 121 -,, ,, Littlebury family, 124 -,, ,, R. Maidens, Esq., 122 -,, ,, Dr. T. Robinson, 122 -,, ,, Stanhope and Coltman families, 122 -,, Bequest of money for “exhibition,” 124 and note -,, “Silver salt” and “silver flat piece,” 124 -,, Browne, Sir John, Knt., 126 -,, “Sergant of Privy Chamber,” 127 -,, Treasurer of Ireland, 127 -,, Granted land at “Peppercorn Rent,” 126, 127 -,, Ealand family, held “Honour of Peverel,” 127 -,, Sir William, Constable of Nottingham Castle, 127 -,, Lucy Faber gives meadow “to strew the monks’ floor,” 122 -,, Goodrich family, 123, 124, note -,, Bishop of Ely, his character, 131 note -,, Epigram on, 131 note -,, Sapcote family, 125 -,, Silkstone, Robert de, Monument in Church, 126 -,, Smerehorn, Alan gives Watermill to Revesby Abbey, 128 -,, Webberly family, John, strong supporter of Charles I., 128 -Kirkstead, Abbey founded by Hugh, Fitz Eudo, 105, 229 -,, Mastiffs, 101, note -Knatchbull, Sir Edward, 114, 164 -Knollys, Hanserd, Churchman and Baptist, 181 and note -Kyme, Barony of, 61 -,, family, 110, 182 -,, Simon de, 131 - - - -L. - - -LACY, John de, 88 -,, John de, Earl of Lincoln, 104 -,, Ilbert de, Lord of Kirkby-on-Bain, 104, 177, 208 -,, Also of Pontefract, called Kirkby by the Saxons, 104 -,, Great possessions of, 104 -,, Henry de, 104 -Lucia, 15, 87, 88, 121, 152, 159, 176, 178, 180, 189, 194, 208 -Lancaster, Duke of, 27 -,, Thomas, Earl of, 106 -Langrick, _i.e._, Long Creek, 99 -Langton of Langton, Patron of Lusby, 1677–1833, 149 -,, Stephen de, Archbishop, 134 -Laval, Wido de, 106 -Lawlessness, temp. Simon de Tumby, 108 note -Leedsgate, _i.e._, “our Lady’s gate,” 119 -“Liber Niger,” Hearne’s, 54 -Lichgate, memorial to Honble. E. Stanhope, 168 -Lindisfarne, Monks of, 103 -Lisours, Albreda de, 106 -Lister, Sir Martin, Eminent Zoologist, &c., 61, 62 -,, Sir Matthew, Court Physician, &c., 60, 62 -,, Matthew, Esq., Lord of Oxcombe, 149 -Littlebury, family of, 6, 8, 90, 91 and note, 124, 153 -,, Sir Humphrey, 6 -,, George of Somersby, 51 -,, Humphrey, 152 -,, John of Hagworthingham, 77 -,, Margaret, bequest to the poor, 170 -,, Their large residence, 171 -Livesey, Thomas, Esq., of Blackburn, 20 -Lodington family, 126 -Lola Montez, 35 -L’Oste, Revs. C. N., 166 and note -Lusby church described, 135, 136 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Tonna Almer and other Saxons, 131 -,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, 131 -,, ,, Simon de Kyme, 131 -,, ,, Walter de Bec, 132 -,, ,, Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, 132 -,, ,, Pinson, 132 -,, ,, John Bec, 133 -,, ,, Willoughby family, 133 -,, ,, Bishop of Durham, 134 -Bishop of Lincoln, 134 - - - -M. - - -MALBISH, Osbert, 48 -,, Richard de, 47 -Maletoft, Roger de, 178 -Malo Lacu (Mauley) family of, 146 -,, Arms of, 147 -Malo Lacu, Peter, born at Poictou, 146 -,, Built Castle of Mountgrace, 146 -Manvers, Earl, 62, 80, 96 -Manure of sheep in Kirkby granted to Kirkstead Abbey, 107 -Margaret, St., 227, note -Mastiffs of Kirkstead Abbey, 101, note -Massenge, or Masinge, 123 and note -Mavis Enderby, church described, 52–3 -,, Owners of, see Enderby, Mavis -Meschines, Ranulph de, 88, 201 -Mills, as valuable property, 12 note, 103, 105, 108, 135, note, 156, 176, -225 -Miningsby, church described, 142 -,, ,, Runic stone in Churchyard, 142 -,, ,, Ranulph de, 139 -,, Owners of Miningsby— -,, ,, Moretaine, Earl of, 102 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 138, 139 -,, ,, William de Romara, 139 -,, ,, Baldric, de Cheles, 139 -,, ,, Hugo Wac (Wake), 139 -,, ,, Ranulph de, Miningsby, 139 -,, ,, Hubert Walker, Archbishop, 140 -,, ,, Robert de Herecourt, 140 -,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 140 -,, ,, John Scayman, of Miningsby, 141 -,, ,, Robert de Willoughby, 141 -,, ,, Sir John de Ipre, 141 -,, ,, Richard Skepper, 140 -,, ,, Grynne family, 141 -Monas-Tessera-Graphica, 51 -Montez, Lola, 35 - - - -N. - - -NAMES of fields, peculiar, 9, 10, 11, 18, 40, 70, 71, 79, 84, 114, 115, -119, 122, 123, 127, 141, 150, 151, 161, 170, 171, 207 -Newcastle, Duke of, 20, 180 -Newcomen, John, of “Sallaby,” 68 -,, Pedigree, 69 -Newcomen, Richard, of “Nether Toynton,” 68 -,, Samuel, of “Nether Toynton,” 68, 69 -“Niger Liber,” Hearne’s, 54 -Northumberland, Earl of, 59 -Nova-villa, Robert de, 208 - - - -O. - - -ODD, Bishop of Baieux, 2, 101, 102, 182, 208 -Old Revesby deeds, from Burghley House, 161 -Oratory Medlam, (Revesby), 161 -Ordericus Vitalis quoted, 226 -Ormsby, Richard de, 146 -Oswy, King of Northumbria, 102, 103 -Otter, Francis, memorial window, 157 -Otter, Miss, restored Ranby church, 1839, 156 - - - -P. - - -PALFREYMAN, 44, 125 and note, 134 -Parker, John, a “Recusant,” 80 -“Pelham Buckle,” its origin, 178 and note -“Peppercorn” rent, 127, 163 -Percy, Henry, 59 -Percy family, 110, 112 -Pinson, “Dapifer,” 54, 132, 230 -Plantagenet, Edmund, 88 -Plantagenet, wood planted by, 90 -Poolham, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43 -Portland, Duke of, 181 -Prayers for the dead, 84 -Privilege of wearing hat before Royalty, 3, 195 -Proviso, curious in Will, 124 - - - -Q. - - -QUINCY, Hawise de, 76 -Robert de, 88 -Quitclaims, Walter Bec, toll of corn, 107 -,, Manure of sheep, 107 - - - -R. - - -RAITHBY church described, 154 -,, Owners of Raithby— -,, ,, Elnod, the Saxon, 151 -,, ,, William de Karilepho, 151 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 151 -,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 152 -,, ,, Robert de Willoughby, 152 -,, ,, Littlebury family, 152, 153 -,, ,, Brackenbury family, 153 -,, ,, Rev. E. Rawnsley, 153 -Ralph de Cromwell (Kirkby-on-Bain), 109 -,, St. Valery (Ranby), 156 -Ranby, an appanage of Tupholme Abbey, 156 -,, Church described, 156, 157 -,, Owners of Ranby— -,, ,, Godric, the Saxon, 156 -,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, 156 -,, ,, Ralph de St. Valery, 156 -,, ,, Ralph de Cromwell, 156 note -,, ,, Otter family, 156, 157 -Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, 54, 229 -,, of Miningsby, 139 -Ratcliffe, Sir John (Kirkby-on-Bain), 97 -Rede, Robert, Justice of the King, 49 -Registers of Edlington, 42, 43 -,, Mavis Enderby, 50 -,, Salmonby, 169 -,, Sotby, 183 -,, Stixwold, 199, 200 -,, Winceby, 228 -Rent of salt, 55 -Revesby Abbey, cell at Mavis Enderby, 48 -,, Abbot’s possessions, 162 -,, Founded by William de Romara, 121 -,, Church described, 166, 167, 168 -,, Estates divided in 1552, 163 -,, Meaning of name, 157 and note -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 159 -,, ,, Roger de Romara, 159 -,, ,, William, de Romara, Earl of Chester, 159, 160 -,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, 163 -,, ,, John Kersey, 163 -,, ,, Lord Treasurer Burghley, 164 -,, ,, Henry Howard, 164 -,, ,, Sir Joseph Banks, 164 -,, ,, J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., 164 -,, ,, Right Honble. E. Stanhope, 164 -,, Treasures at, 164, 165 -,, Tumuli at, 164, 165 -“Riddings,” Kirkby, 115 -Ring, silver salt, bequest of, 124 -Riveaux Abbey, Revesby lands given to, 124 -Roads repaired by monks, a duty, 158 -Robbery at Halstead Hall, 205 -Roman Sepulture, 13 -,, Urns, 56, 70 -Rose, tenure by, 59 -Runic stone, Marvis Enderby, 52 -,, Miningsby, 142, 143 - - - -S. - - -SALMONBY, church described, 172, 173 -,, Burials many, in 1723–4, 169 -,, Rectory held by William of Waynflete, 172 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Hugh de Abrincis, 170 -,, ,, Geoffrey of Benigworth, 170 -,, ,, Littlebury family, 170, 171 -,, ,, Hamon Sutton, 171 -,, ,, Sir Anthony Thorold, 172 -,, ,, King, family of, Ashby de la Launde, 171 -,, ,, Reeve, family of, Ashby de la Launde, 171 -,, ,, Mrs. Nesbit Hamilton, Ogilvie, 173 -,, Flint implements found, 216 -Sackville, Anne, Lady, 60 -St. John family, 33 -St. Sythe, Revesby, 160 -St. Valery, Richard de, 156 -Salt pans, 133 and note -Salt rent, 155 -Sapcote family, 125 and note -Saxon churches, 40, 55, 56, 57, 75, 121, 184, 210 -Scales, Sir Thomas, 125 -Scales, Isabella, 141 -Scamblesby and Cawkwell— -,, church described, 174, 175, 176 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, The Lady Lucia Thorold, 176 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 176 -,, ,, Romara, Roger de, 176 -,, ,, William de, 177 -,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, 177 -,, ,, Blondville family, 177 -,, ,, De Lacy family, 177 -,, ,, John of Gaunt, 177 -,, ,, Priory of Spalding, 176, 178 -,, ,, Bishop of Lincoln, 178 -,, ,, Ecclesiastical Commissioners, 178 -,, ,, Earl of Yarborough, 178 -,, ,, Lill family, 178 -,, ,, Bourne family, 178 -,, ,, Kent, family of, curious bequests, 179, 180 -,, Cawkwell, church demolished, 181 -,, ,, Owners of— -,, ,, Lady Lucia, 180 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 180 -,, ,, Sir Charles Cavendish, of Bolsover, 180 -,, ,, Dukes of Newcastle, 180 -,, ,, Earl of Oxford, 180 -,, ,, Bentinck family, 180 -,, ,, Duke of Portland, 180 -Silkstone, Robert, monument to, 126 -,, large estates of, 126 -Silver casket and coins found, 151 -,, “creeping,” 130 -,, “salt,” bequest of, 124 -“Sir” equivalent to “parson,” 111, note -Siward the Saxon, curious tradition of, 187 and note -Skepper, George, 125 -,, Richard, buried in church, 123 -,, ,, will of, 140 -Skinner family, of Hareby, 91 -,, of Old Bolingbroke, 91 -,, Sir Vincent, 91, 121 -Skipwith, Sir William, 50 -Slaves, bequest of, 162, 170 -Smith, J. Bainbridge, D.D., tablet at Baumber, 21 -,, memorial window in Sotby, 185 -Sotby, church described, 184, 185 -,, register, 16 burials in 1728, 183 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Ulnod the Saxon, 182 -,, ,, Odo, B shop of Baieux, 182 -,, ,, Philip de Kyme, 182 -,, ,, William de Kyme, 183 -,, ,, Simon de Kyme, 183 -,, ,, Gilbert de Umfraville, 182 -,, ,, Sir Robert Dymok, knt., 183 -,, ,, Robert Taillebois, 183 -“Spice boxes” at East Kirkby, 130 -Spurs, tenure by, 84 -“Squint” window at Lusby, 136 -Stanhope family, 114, 122, 165 -,, Sir Richard, of Rampton, 109 -Stennet, Jeffery, murder of, 119, 120 -Stixwold, church described, 199, 200 -,, field names at, 207 -,, meaning of name, 185, 186 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Ulviet and Siward, Saxons, 187 -,, ,, Waldin Brito, 188 -,, ,, Alured, of Lincoln, 188 -,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, 188 -,, ,, Alan, of Lincoln, 190 -,, ,, Roger de Romara, 189 -,, ,, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, 189, 190 -,, ,, Gilbert de Gant, 190 -,, ,, Bec family, 190 -,, ,, Pinso, “Dapifer,” 190 -,, ,, Willoughby family, 190 -,, ,, Robert de Haye, 190 -,, ,, Ranulph de Meschines, 190 -,, ,, Earl of Northumberland, 191 -,, ,, Robert Dighton, 191 -,, ,, Thimbleby family, 191 -,, ,, Savile family, 192 -,, ,, Sir John Coventry, 192 -,, ,, Lord High Admiral Anson, 192, 193 -,, ,, Edmund Turnor, Esq., 193 -,, Halstead Hall owners— -,, ,, Roger de Stixwold, 201 -,, ,, Sir Theobald de Stikeswald, 201 -,, ,, Ranulph de Meschines, 202 -,, ,, Welby family, 202 -,, ,, Evington family, 203 -,, ,, George Townshend, 203 -,, ,, Kirkland Snowden, 203 -,, ,, Gibbon family, 203 -,, ,, Sir John Coventry, 203, 204 -,, ,, Sir William Kyte, or Keate, 204 -,, ,, Lord Anson, 204 -,, ,, Edmund Turnor, Esq., 204 -,, Robbery at Halstead Hall, 204, 205, 206 -Stixwold Priory, founded by “the Lady Lucia,” 194 -,, Benefactors— -,, ,, Galfred de Ezmondeys, 194 and note -,, ,, Alexander Creveceur, 194 and many others -,, Perquisites— -,, ,, “Assize of beer and bread,” 195 -,, ,, “Lincoln farthings,” 195 -,, ,, “Shot for wax,” 195 -,, Possessions very large, 195 -,, Prioress, the last, 196 -,, Registers mention— -,, ,, “Artillery in charges,” “town muskets,” etc., 200 -,, ,, Dog-whippers for church, 200 -,, ,, “Dunkirkers,” 200 -,, ,, “Dyke-reeve,” 200 -,, Vicars, list of, 200, 201 -,, stone coffins from, 199 -,, stone with curious device, cross within circle, 198 and note -,, Cistercian pottery found, 207 -Stourton, church described, 209, 210 -,, benefice united to Baumber, 211 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Grinchel, the Saxon, 209 -,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 208 -,, ,, Robert de Novâ Villâ, 208 -,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, 208 -,, ,, William de Karilepho, 208 -,, ,, Ilbert de Lacy, 208 -,, ,, Dighton family, 209 -,, ,, E. Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, 209 -,, ,, Duke of Newcastle, 209 -,, ,, W. H. Trafford, Esq., 209 -,, ,, R. Harrison, Esq., 211 -,, a Roman station, 209 -,, “Stoup” farm, 211 -Stoups, 25, 53, 154 -Sweating sickness, 60, 149 - - - -T. - - -TAPESTRY, Baieux, 102, note -Tetford, 211 -,, church described, 213 -,, Saxon, formerly existing, 211 -,, Owners— -,, ,, Elmer, Arnwi and Britnod, Saxons, 211 -,, ,, Thomas (of Baieux) Archbishop of York, 212 -,, ,, Gozelin, son of Lambert, 212 -,, ,, De Hesele family, 212 -,, ,, Cormayle family, 212 -,, ,, Creveceur family, 212 -,, ,, Braybœuf family, 212 -,, ,, Barkworth family, 212 -,, ,, Thimbleby family, 212 -,, ,, Savile family, 212 -,, ,, George Anton, Esq., 212 -,, ,, Hussey family, 213 -,, ,, Dymoke family, 213 -,, ,, Sir H. A. H. Cholmeley, 213 -,, ,, Meaburn Staniland Esq., 213 -,, ,, Executors of G. Westerby, 213 -,, Tetford witch, 214, 215 -Thimbleby, imprisoned at Lincoln, cruel treatment of wife, 37 -,, family, 212 -Thorndyke, Francis, of Scamblesby, (Lincolnshire Gentry, 1634), 176 -Thorold, of Bucknall, 150 -,, Horncastle, Dean of, 161 -,, of Horsington, 42 -,, of Salmonby, 172 -Touthby, John de, 36 -Tyrwhitt, Sir William, 180 - - - -U. - - -UMFRAVILLE, Gilbert de, Earl of Angus, 59, 110, 182, 188, note - - - -V. - - -VALERY, St., Ralph de, 156 -Vere, Earl of Oxford, 49 - - - -W. - - -WAC (Wake), Hugh, gives land to Revesby Abbey, 139 -Waddingworth, 215 -,, meaning, probable, of name, 217 -,, church described, 221, 222 -,, Dymoke monument, 221 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, William de Karilepho, 218 -,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 218 -,, ,, Tupholme Abbey, 218 -,, ,, Richard de Waddingworth, 218 -,, ,, Roger Fulstow, 219 -,, ,, Thomas Dighton, 219 -,, ,, George Townshend, 220 -,, ,, George Snowden, 220 -,, ,, Edward Dymoke, 221 -,, ,, Trafford Southwell family, 221 -,, ,, Vyner family (of Gautby), 221 -,, a native of, became Lord Mayor of London, 220 -,, old armour in cottage, 222 -,, highway robbery of resident in, 220 -Wainflete, William of, Rector of Salmonby, 172 -Walesby monument, 157 -Ward, Rev. R. F., 172 -Watermills, 12, 176 -Webberley family, 128 -Welby, Thomas, of Oxcombe, 147 -,, large possessions of, 147 -,, family, of Stixwold, 203 -Welles, Sir Robert, 50, 77 -Wentworth, Lord Strafford, 69 -William de Barkworthe, 35 -,, Wodehall, 42 -Willoughby, arms of, 110 -,, d’Eresby, 55 -,, family of, 89, 108 -,, and Kirkstead Abbey, 230, note -, of Parham, 4, 55 -,, Robert de, 141, 152, 230 -,, Sir William, 55, 138, 230 -Willoughby, Rev. West, charity of, 118, 119 -Winceby, church described, 227 -,, a haunted boulder, 225 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, Agemund the Saxon, 225 -,, ,, Gozelin the Norman, 225 -,, ,, Hugh de Abrincis, 225 -,, ,, Gaunt family, 226 -,, ,, Duke of Lancaster, 226 -,, ,, C. Manwaring, Esq., 226 -,, ,, Hill family, 226 -,, register, curious entries, 228 -,, fight, 228, 229, 230 -Wispington, church described, 238, 239 -,, Owners of— -,, ,, William de Karilepho, Bishop of Durham, 231 -,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, 232 -,, ,, Kirkstead Abbey, 234 -,, ,, Bec family, 233 -,, Sir William Willoughby, 233 -,, Robert Phillips, Esq., 235 -,, Phillips Glover, Esq., 236 -,, Turnor family, of Stoke Rochford, 237 -,, anecdote of Vicar, R. Glover, 238, note -,, benefice formerly a rectory, 241 -,, duel fought by Major Glover, 244 -,, list of vicars, 242 -,, Manor house, formerly a fine residence, 237 -,, register, names “weaver” and “spinster,” 242, 243 -,, spinning, a common occupation, 243, note -Witch of Tetford, 214, 215 -Witham debouched at Wainfleet, 99 -Woodstock, Edmund of, 65 - - - -Y. - - -YARBOROUGH, Earl of, 178 - - - - -FOOTNOTES. - - -{0} The corrigenda has applied in this transcription.—DP. - -{2a} Among the names in the “Myntlyng” MS., of Spalding Priory, is “John -atte Ash,” _i.e._, John living by “the Ash,” which in time became John -Ash. The ash tree was supposed to have peculiar virtues: weakly children -were passed through it three times, before sunrise, to give them -strength; and to the Rowan, or mountain-ash many superstitions are -attached. (“Folklore,” vol. ii., No. 1, p. 88, et alibi.) - -{2b} It would appear, however, that water was a more marked feature of -the locality 100 years ago. Sir Joseph Banks, writing of the antiquities -of Ashby, in an article contributed to “Archæologia” at that time (vol. -xii., p. 96), mentions the “sloping hills with brisk rills of water -running through almost every valley.” It should not be forgotten that -formerly a tract of forest extended all along this district, so that (as -I have mentioned elsewhere) a Dutch sportsman spent a whole season in -hunting “in Lincolniensi montium tractu,” among the Lincolnshire hills. -When that forest was cleared away, as a natural consequence the streams -would shrink in volume, or disappear altogether. - -{4} The Elands were landowners in Stourton, East Kirkby, and other -places. One of them resided at East Kirkby as late as 1870. Sir William -Eland was Constable of Nottingham Castle, 1330, and M.P. for the county -in 1333 (Bailey’s “Annals,” vol. i., p. 223). The Gedneys were -considerable owners in the neighbourhood. In the church at Bag Enderby -there is a handsome stone mural monument of Andrew and Dorothy Gedney, -with their two sons and two daughters kneeling before prayer desks. This -Andrew Gedney married Dorothy, daughter of Sir William Skipwith, of South -Ormesby, by his wife, Alice Dymoke. - -{5} John de Kirketon (or Kirton), near Boston, received the honour of -knighthood from Ed. II., owned Tattershall and Tumby, and was summoned to -Parliament 16 Ed. III. They had large property in Boston in 1867 -(Thompson’s “History of Boston,” p. 226). - -{6a} The pedigree of the Littleburys is given in the Herald’s -“Visitation of Lincolnshire” 1562–4; edited by W. Metcalf, F. S. A. (Bell -and Sons, 1881). - -{6b} Sir Thomas Meeres was knighted 11 June, 1660. He was almost -continuously M.P. for Lincoln from 1660 to his death in 1708. -(“Architect. Soc. Journal,” 1891, p. 13.) - -{7} The late Poet Laureate, in his poem “Walking to the Mail” (Poems, -1842), tells of a farmer who was so pestered by the presence of this -ghost about his house, that he harnessed his horse to his cart and -started to leave home to get rid of it:— - - “The farmer, vext, packs up his bed, - And all the household stuff, and chairs, - And with his boy betwixt his knees, his wife - Upon the tilt—sets out and meets a friend, - Who hails him, ‘What! Art flitting?’ - ‘Yes, we’re flitting,’ says the ghost, - For they had packed her among the beds. - ‘Oh! Well!’ the farmer says, ‘You’re flitting with us too! - ‘Jack, turn the horse’s head, and home again.’” - -There are sundry other ghosts, or witches, remembered in the -neighbourhood, which may be heard of by the curious. - -{9} Among the lists of institutions to benefices, preserved in the -Archives at Lincoln, is that of “Thomas Hardie, clerk, presented by the -Dean and Chapter, Vicar, A.D. 1567.” This was in the reign of Queen -Elizabeth; the patronage, therefore, was probably granted to that body by -her father, Henry VIII., on the dissolution of the Tattershall College. -(“Institutions, 1540–1570,” edited by Rev. C. W. Foster.) - -{10} The writer has reason to remember the hollowness of the beck, for -on one occasion, when riding with the foxhounds, there being a steep -descent to the beck, and the beck itself having rotten, hollow banks, the -soil gave way beneath his horse’s hind legs, and, although they landed on -the other side, the horse was all in a heap, and the rider shot over its -head. They, however, recovered themselves, and no other riders -attempting it they gained a considerable advantage over the rest of the -field. When shooting along its banks he has seen places where the -hollowness was still more marked, the beck itself being barely more than -two feet wide, and four feet, or even more, deep. - -{12a} “The culverhouse, or dovecote, attached to old baronial and other -houses, was a valuable source of food supply in days when the fattening -of cattle was not understood.” (“Nature and Woodcraft,” by J. Watson.) - -{12b} The existence of this watermill is not without interest. They -were a source of considerable revenue, and this probably belonged to the -monks of Tattershall College, and all their tenants would be expected to -have their grain ground at it. In an ancient MS., of Spalding Priory, it -is recorded that certain tenants of the Prior were heavily fined because -they took their corn to be ground elsewhere. - -{12c} At a monastery at Norwich 1,500 quarters of malt were used -annually for ale. Ingulphus, the abbot of Croyland, laments in his -History, the damage caused by a fire at the Abbey, inasmuch as it -“destroyed the cellar and casks full of ale therein” (quoted Oliver’s -“Religious Houses,” p. 15, note 5). - -{13} The full inscription is:—“Here lyeth Rychard Lyttleburye, of -Stanesbye in ye countie of Lincoln Esquier and Elizabeth his wyffe -daughter of Sir Edmund Jenney of Knotsolt in the countie of Suff. Knight, -which Richard departed this lyfe in the xiii year of the Reign of King -Henry ye eight Ao. D’ni. 1521 and Elizabeth dyed in ye xv yeare of ye -Raigne of ye sayd King H. Ao. 1523.” - -{15a} See Notices on Baumber, Bolingbroke, Hareby, East Kirkby, etc. - -{15b} See the Notices of Baumber and Stourton. - -{16} They had also large possessions in the counties of York and Durham. - -{19} The descendants of Ivo Tailbois seem to have lost the commanding -position of their ancestor; since in a Close roll of Henry VII., No 30., -it is stated that Sir Robert Dymmok, and others, “being seized of the -Manors of Sotby and Baumburg, granted an annuity therefrom of £20 to -William Tailboys, who now assigns the deed, granting that annuity to him, -to Bartholomew Rede, citizen, and goldsmith, of London, for a debt,” -(evidently a London money-lender), Dated May 9th, Henry VII., A.D. 1494. - -{20} This Mr. Thomas Livesey married Lydia, widow of Matthew Dymoke -Lister, Esq., of Burwell Park, and was buried at Burwell, 1790, March -28th. (‘Notices of the Listers’, “Architect Journal,” 1897, pp. 92, 3). - -{26a} According to _Magna Britannia_, it had an annual fair as well as a -weekly market, on Tuesdays; although Leland (Itiner. Cur., vol. vii. 52), -says “It hath once a year a fair, but hath no weekly market.” But surely -the larger mart could imply the smaller, and Weir in his History of -Lincolnshire (vol. ii. p. 407), mentions an attempt at New Bolingbroke, -to “revive the market on Tuesday,” showing that there was one of old. - -{26b} To show the extent of the soke, we find from “Inquisition post -mort. 41, Ed. III., No. 47,” that in 1367 it was decided that Ralph de -Nevill holds “a fee in Ulceby, as of this Manor.” Yet Ulceby is distant -several miles. - -{27} The Tenor bell was also re-hung at her expense. - -{28} The present writer had the charge of that excursion, and twice -visited the church in company of the Precentor, to examine its details, -which he has done again at a more recent date. - -{29} That there was a chantry here is proved by the fact, that at the -Lincolnshire Rising in 1536, the Bishop’s Chancellor Dr. Rayner, was -seized while being ill in bed at the house of the Chantry Priest, and -afterwards murdered. Arch. S. Journal, 1894, p. 195. - -{30a} Proceed. Archæolog. Inst. Lincoln. (1848, p. 188). - -{30b} She was given in marriage by William the Conqueror to his nephew, -Ivo Taille-bois, Earl of Anjou; but he dying early to her great relief, -she married secondly Roger de Romara, son of Gerald, who had been -Seneschall or High Steward to William as Duke of Normandy, before the -conquest of England. For third husband she married Ranulph, Earl of -Chester. - -{30c} A tradition still lingers in the parish of Bucknall, that the -place was in some way connected with the Lady Godiva; and here we get the -connection. Her brother, and therefore doubtless her father, was Lord of -the Demesne of Bucknall. The Lord (Saxon “Laford”) and Lady (Saxon -“Lafdig”) were esteemed for the loaf (Saxon “Laf”) dealt out to the -hungry dependants, and their memory still lingers like a sweet savour -behind them. - -{31a} The Lady Lucia conveyed, and the conveyance was confirmed by King -John, the church and benefice of Bolingbroke to the Priory of Spalding -(Dugdale Monasticon ii., 381); and, according to Liber Regis, it paid to -the Priory a pension of £3 6s. 8d. - -{31b} The Thorolds were also men of position in Normandy. The name is -on the ancient Bayeux tapestry; and it also still survives in the old -family residence, the Hotel de Bourgthorould, in Rouen. - -{32} The Head Office of the Duchy is now in London at Lancaster-place, -Strand; but two courts are held at Bolingbroke in May and October for all -copyhold accounts. - -{34a} There was formerly at Edlington an old Jacobean Hall, on the site -of the later Hall. The entire fittings of the dining room of this -structure, some 23ft. in length, still survive in the dining room of -Rollestone House, Horncastle, the residence of R. Jalland, Esq. - -{34b} Mrs. Heald was the daughter of George Heald, Esq., Barrister, of -the Chancery Court, commonly known, as “Chancellor Heald,” to whom, with -his wife, and daughter Emma, there is a marble monument, on the north -wall of the Chancel, in St. Mary’s Church, Horncastle. He died, March -l8th, 1834. The Chancellor also at one time resided at Edlington Hall. - -{37a} This Sir Walter Tailboys was the son of Henry Tailboys, and his -wife Ahanora, who was daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon, and his wife -Elizabeth, the latter being sister and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl -of Angus. - -{37b} Sir John Bolles, of Thorpe Hall, is the hero of the tradition of -“the Green Lady,” of that place. She nursed him while imprisoned in -Spain, and fell in love with him. He was obliged to explain to her that -he had a wife at home already, whereupon she made valuable presents of -jewellery to him for his wife. She was said to haunt Thorpe Hall, and -for some time a plate was always laid, and a vacant place kept for her at -the table. Some of this jewellery still exists, and is worn, to my -knowledge, by connections of the family (see Percy’s Ballads, vol. I., -“The Spanish Lady’s Love”). - -{41} In the “Placito de quo Warranto,” p. 409, these gallows are -distinctly referred to as “furcœ in Edlington,” and the same document -says “Abbs de Bardeney venit hic,” etc., “the Abbot of Bardney comes -here,” doubtless to see for himself that the punishment is duly -inflicted. - -{47a} Lady of the Lake, Canto IV. 12, the Ballad of Alice Brand. - -{47b} Mavis is the thrush, and Merle the blackbird. - -{47c} Domesday Book, translated by Charles Gowan Smith, dedicated to -Earl Brownlow, Earl Yarborough, and H. Chaplin, Esq., M.P. (Simpkin, -Marshall and Co.) - -{49} The Billesbies were a good family. Sir Andrew Billesby was -involved in the rebellion of 1536. He was steward of Louth Park Abbey -and Bullington Priory. - -{54} This Bishop was, at the date of Domesday, William de Karilepho. He -had been Abbot of St. Vincent; was consecrated Bishop of Durham, January -3rd, 1082, and held the office of Chief Justice of England under the -Conqueror. He was an ambitious man, and acquired great possessions, -largely in this neighbourhood. He was banished from his See for three -years by William Rufus for conspiring, with many of the nobility, against -the throne. And for the part which he took in the quarrel between Rufus -and Archbishop Anselm, he was so severely rebuked that he died of wounded -pride. - -{58} We have, in the north of the county, Goxhill which, in Domesday -Book, is Golse; and in Broughton, not far from thence, is the hamlet -Gokewell; both of which may contain the same prefix. Although Goltho, -which has a similar sound, is a corruption of Caldicot. - -{59} It is not improbable that these early possessions in Goulceby, &c., -may have come to the Cromwells indirectly on the females’ side, through -their connections, the Willoughbys; since we find, by a Feet of Fines -(Lincoln, folio 69, A.D. 1302), that as early as the reign of Edward I., -a suit was instituted between John Bec (of the ancient Spilsby and Lusby -family), and Robert Wylgheby; wherein it was proved that the Willoughbys -even then held lands in “Golkeby, Donington,” etc. - -{60a} Feet of Fines, Lincoln, Trinity, 22 Elizabeth (“Architect. S. -Journ.” 1895, p. 129.) - -{60b} I have referred to this Thomas Glemham, in notices of -Mareham-le-Fen, of which manor he was Lord. Other members of the family -settled elsewhere in the neighbourhood, besides Burwell, the -headquarters. - -{60c} British Museum, Add., 5524., fol. 68. - -{60d} He was eventually imprisoned by Cromwell, and died in exile in -Holland. - -{61} It is also stated that Mrs. Eleanor Lister “was buryed in ye vault, -Dec. ye 28th, in woollen”; and their first-born grandson Matthew, -baptized 7 May, 1703, was “buried in woollen” on the 13th of the same -month. - -{69} Of course it is possible that the supposed owner of Greetham may -have been this second Lord Strafford, whose Ancestors held Ashby -Puerorum. I quote this from a paper in the “Architectural Society’s -Journal” of 1891, by Rev. A. R. Maddison, F.S.A., entitled “A Ramble -through the parish of St. Mary Magdalene,” in which he mentions house -property in Lincoln belonging to the Wentworths. It certainly shows a -connection of the Wentworths with Ashby Puerorum, then probably still an -appurtenance of the Greetham Manor. - -{73} The close connection of Haugh and Hagi, is shown by Domesday Book, -which called the Lincolnshire village Haugh Hage. Taylor (“Words and -Places”) connected the word with “hedge” and our modern “haw-haw,” a sunk -fence; and so a hedged enclosure. - -{75} The present holders of this title (the Keppels), are a different -family, their honour dating only from 1696. Albemarle or Awmarle, a town -in North Normandy, is now Aumale, from which the Duc d’Aumale takes his -title. - -{76} The Blunts (or Blounts) were an old Norman Family, who came over at -the Conquest. The name is in the Rolls of Battle Abbey. Walter Blunt -was created Baron de Mountjoy by Ed. IV. The fine church of Sleaford was -built by Roger Blunt, in 1271, as appears from an old MS. found in the -parish chest (“Saunder’s Hist.,” vol. ii. p. 252). Camden (“Britannia,” -p. 517), says that they had a “a fine house” in his day (circa 1600), at -Kidderminster, and he mentions Sir Charles Blunt, Knight, as having a -fine seat at Kimlet in Salop, where their “name is very famous” (p. 542). -The late Sir Charles Blunt used to visit Harrington in this -neighbourhood, where the writer has met him, in days gone by, and enjoyed -sport with his beagles. - -{78} Richard Gedney, in his will dated 1 April, 1613, speaks highly of -Thomas Cheales of Hagworthingham, “Yeoman, whom he makes his trustee.” A -junior branch of the Cheales family now reside at Friskney. The Rev. -Alan Cheales still owns land here, now residing at Reading. He is the -11th in descent from Anthonie, who bought the property in 1590. - -{82} These are no longer to be found, but they were mentioned in a MS. -belonging to Sir Joseph Banks, dated 1784. Another brief was for “ye -first Fast day for ye Plague, 1665, the sum of 15s 6a” (August 2nd) -“September ye 6th, ye 2nd Fast day for ye Plague 1665 . . . 13_s_ 7_d_ -and 2_s_ more was added afterwards.” Six Fast days were mentioned, when -money was collected “for ye Plague.” Among items, in the Church -accounts, were:—“A sheet borne over the sacrament,” a “Kyrchuffe that our -Lady’s coat was lapped in,” “to Peter Babbe for gilding the Trinity, -iiiili xvis 0d.” “It for painting the Dancing geere,” (_i.e._ at the -May-pole). “It for viii. pound of waxe for Sepulchre lights iiiis -iiiid.” “It for ii. antiphoonies bought at Stirbridge faire (&c.) iiili -xis 7d”; “It for thacking the steeple xs”; “To William Edwards for -finding our Lady’s light viiiis iiiid”; “iiili xs given to finde yearly -an obitt for the soul of Lawrence Clerke, . . . to say Dirige and Masse, -. . . and for the bede roule,” &c. There are charges, for “vi gallons -yearly of aile” for the ringers. The “Church corne, given of the good -will of the inhabitants to the value of xxs viiid.” “Wessell (Wassail) -for the young men.” “The town bull sold for iis viiid a quarter.” &c., -&c. (“Lincs. N & Q.” vol. i. pp. 5–13). - -{83} There are mounds, and traces of a moat in a field in Langton, -showing that there was formerly a large residence, probably the home of -this branch of the Angevin family, who came over with the Conqueror. - -{84a} Gair means a triangular piece of land which requires ploughing a -different way from the rest of the field. There was a Thomas Baudewin -had lands in Coningsby in the reign of Henry III. 106. Coram Rege Roll, -42, Henry III. “Linc. N. & Q.” iv. p. 102. - -{84b} A pulse diet, for man or beast, seems to have been very general. -Pesedale-gate, means the gate, or road by the Pease-valley. We have -Pesewang, _i.e._ Peasefield, in High Toynton, Pesegote-lane in Spilsby, -and there are similar names at Louth, and elsewhere. - -{87} Streatfeild (“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” p. 219) says “from the -old Norse ‘heri,’ or hare, come Eresby (or Heresby) and Hareby.” In -south Lincolnshire, hares are still called “heres.” The canting crest of -the Withers’s family, is a hare’s head, with ears up-pricked. Whether -there is any connection between “ear” and “eres” or hares, I know not, -but the long ears are a distinguishing feature, and often the only part -of the animal visible in tall covers; and there is the same variation, in -the presence, or absence, of the aspirate, between the noun “ear” and the -verb “to hear,” as between Eresby and Hareby. The writer has a vivid -recollection of the hares as a feature of the locality, as he has -frequently joined coursing parties at Hareby, many years ago, when there -was game enough to afford sport for 30 couple of greyhounds. Fuller in -his “Worthies of England,” p. 150 (Circa 1659), tells of a Dutchman who -came over and spent a season in hunting “in Lincolniensi montium tractu,” -in the mountainous parts of Lincolnshire; and as foxhounds were not -established at that date, this must have been hare hunting in these -Wolds. - -{88} These accounts are worked out carefully, by Weir, in his History, -but the various steps are very complicated and some authorities differ -from him in minor details. By an Inquisition, 37 Henry III., it was -shewn that in 1253, William de Bavent owned the Castle and manors -attached to it. - -{90a} See “History of the Ayscoughs,” by J. Conway Walter, published by -Mr. W. K. Morton, Horncastle. - -{90b} Of this Blagge the following anecdote is preserved. He was a -favourite with Henry VIII., who called him familiarly his “little pig.” -A retrograde religious movement occurring towards the end of this reign, -Blagge, with others, was imprisoned as an offender against the law of the -Six Articles (1539) against Popish practices. By Henry’s interposition -he was released and restored to his office. On his first re-appearance -at Court, the King said to him:—“So you have got back again my little -pig,” to which Blagge replied, “Yes, and but for your Majesty’s clemency, -I should have been _roast_ pig before now.” - -{90c} The Cuppledykes were large owners of property in this -neighbourhood, several of their monuments still remaining in Harrington -Church and elsewhere. - -{91} The pedigree of the Littleburies is given in the “Visitation of -Lincolnshire,” A.D. 1562–1564, edited by Mr. W. Metcalf, F.S.A., A. Bell -& Sons, 1881. Sir Humphrey Littlebury was descended from Hamon -Littlebury, of Littlebury Manor, Essex, A.D. 1138. Sir Martin Littlebury -Knight was Chief Justice of England, 28 Henry III., A.D. 1243. Fuller -particulars of this family are given in other of these Records. - -{93} This record is interesting as giving an instance of the title “Sir” -as applied to the Clergy. A graduate of the University, having the M.A. -degree was styled “Master” so and so, but when in Holy Orders, if he was -only a B.A. he was styled “dominus,” the English equivalent of which was -“Sir.” This was a general style of address, and was continued in the -Isle of Man to a late period. - -In “A Short Treatise on the Isle of Man,” by James Chaloner, governor, -date 1656, it is stated that all the clergy who are natives have this -title, even in one case a curate being so styled. In Bale’s “Image of -bothe Churches” (circa 1550), it is said, “the most ragged runagate among -them is no less than a Sir, which is a Lord in the Latin.” In Pulleyn’s -“Etymological Compendium,” we find “The title of ‘Sir’ was given to all -who had taken a degree, or had entered into Orders.” Thus, Hearne, the -Antiquary, after he had taken the degree of B.A., was addressed as “Sir -Hearne” (Aubrey’s Letters, i. 117), and William Waynfleet (afterwards -Bishop of Winchester), when he had taken the same degree, was called “Sir -Waynfleet,” (“Chandler’s Life,” p. 54), Chaucer in his “Canterbury -Tales,” speaks of “Sir Clerk,” “Sir Monk,” and it even appeared in Acts -of Parliament, as 12 and 13 Ed. IV., N. 14, “Sir James Theckness, -Preste,” and i. Henry VII., p. 11, “Sir Oliver Langton, Preste? Sir -Robert Nayelsthorp, Preste.” - -{95} In a ploughed field, about 300 yards from the main road, a large -boulder was discovered by a ploughman, in 1902, measuring about 3ft. in -length, some 2½ft. in height, and about the same in thickness, being also -ice-borne Neocomian. - -{98a} The learned Dr. Oliver (“Religious Houses,” Appendix, p. 167, note -40) says, “wherever the word ‘Kir,’ or any of its derivatives, is found, -it implies a former Druid temple.” This syllable forms the base of the -Latin “Circulus,” and our own “Circle.” We find many interesting British -names containing it; for instance, in the name of that favourite resort -of tourists in North Wales, Capel Curig, we have the plural Kerig, -implying the British (or Druid) sacred circle of stones, while we have -also, prefixed, the translation of it by the Roman Conquerors of those -Britons, “Capella,” or Chapel. As a parallel to this, we may mention, -that in Wiltshire on “Temple” Downs, there are some stone Druidical -remains, which are locally known by the name of “Old Chapel” (Oliver, -Ibid., p. 175, note 66). Again in Kerig y Druidion, another place in -North Wales, we have the sacred circle “Kerig,” directly connected with -the Druids, in the suffix Druidion. There is also at Kirkby Green, near -Sleaford, a spot called “Chapel Hill,” another at the neighbouring -village Dorrington (“Darun” the Druid sacred oak), and also south of -Coningsby, on the sacred Witham, all probably sites of Druid worship. - -{98b} Mr. Taylor (“Words and Places” p. 130) says, “the names of our -rivers are Celtic (_i.e._ British).” There is a river Ben, in Co. Mayo; -Bandon, Co. Cork; Bann, Co. Wexford; Bana, Co. Down; Bannon (Ban-avon), -in Pembrokeshire; Banney, in Yorkshire; and Bain, in Hertfordshire. - -{99a} The exact meaning of “by” is seen in the German, which is akin. -In Luther’s translation of Job. xxvi. 5, for “they dwell,” the old German -is “die bey”; the latter word being our word “bide,” or “abide.” A “by” -was an “abode,” or permanent residence; so the Lincolnshire farmer calls -the foundation of his stack, the “steddle,” connected with the Saxon, -“steady,” and “stead” in “homestead,” &c. - -{99b} Government Geological Survey, pp. 154–5. - -{100a} Portions of Waddingworth and Wispington are given in Domesday -Book, as being in the soke of Great Stourton, and Kirkby-on-Bain. -Stourton Magna, was formerly a place of some importance, sites being -still known as the positions of the market place, &c. - -{100b} The names of Fulbeck, and Fulstow, are given in Domesday Book, as -Fugel-beck, and Fugel-stow. - -{101a} Charter copied from “Dugdale” v., 456. Date 1199. - -{101b} In a cartulary of Kirkstead Abbey, of the early part of the 12th -century, now in the British Museum (“Vespasian” E. xviii.), there is an -agreement between the Abbot of Kirkstead, and Robert de Driby, “Lord of -Tumby,” that the Abbots’ “mastiffs” should be allowed in “the warren,” of -Tumby, at all times of the year, with the shepherds, on condition that -they do not take greyhounds; and if the mastiffs do damage to the game, -they shall be removed, and other dogs taken in their stead. (“Architect -S. Journal” xxiii. p. 109). - -{102a} In the Cathedral of this City is still preserved the famous -Baieux tapestry, said to be the work of Matilda, the Conqueror’s wife, in -which are represented the exploits of her husband, in the Conquest of -England. - -{102b} He remained a prisoner during the reign of the Conqueror. On the -accession of William Rufus, he was set at liberty, and restored to -favour; but, after a time, heading a conspiracy against the King, in -support of Robert, Duke of Normandy, and being defeated, he once more -retired to that country, where Duke Robert rewarded him by making him -Governor of the province. - -{104a} Among the other parishes, Cockerington, Owmby, Withcall, Hainton, -North Thoresby, Friesthorpe, Normanby, Ingham, Sixhills, &c., in all -seventeen. - -{104b} The historian Camden (“Britannia,” fol. 711, 712), gives a -curious origin of the name Pontefract, which means “Broken Bridge.” He -says that William Archbishop of York, returning from Rome, was here met -by such crowds, to crave his blessing, that the bridge over the river -Aire broke beneath their weight, and great numbers fell into the river. -The prayers of the saint preserved them from being drowned, and hence the -name was given to the place. This however, occurred A.D. 1154, and, as -documents exist of an earlier date, in which the name is found, as -already in use, the legend would seem to be a fabrication. It is -probable, says another historian, that Hildebert gave the name to the -place, from its resemblance to some place in his own country where he was -born; the name being of Latin or Norman origin. - -{104c} These connections, with authorities, are given fully in an -article on the “Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln,” in “Proceedings of -the Archæological Institute” for 1848, Lincoln volume pp. 252–278. - -{106} As an illustration of the fickleness and superstition of the -times, although he was condemned as a traitor by Edward II., he was -regarded as a martyr in the cause of liberty by the people, and was -canonized as a Saint by Edward III., son of the King who condemned him. -Miracles were said to be wrought at his tomb; and a Church was built, for -pilgrims to the place where he was executed. (Rapin’s Hist. vol. i. for -396; Boothroyd’s “Hist. Pontefract” pp. 95, &c). - -{108} To show the power and lawlessness of some of these Lords of Kirkby -and Tumby, it is recorded that the servants of this Simon de Driby took a -waggon, with a hogshead of wine, from Louth to Tumby, by their master’s -orders, and there forcibly detained it, “to the damage of 60s.” a large -sum in those days. (“Hundred Rolls,” p. 333.) - -{109a} The last Baron D’Eyncourt died in the reign of Henry VI. His -sister married Ralph Lord Cromwell. Probably from this connection the -warden of Tattershall College had lands in Kirton (“Peerage,” vol. ii., -p. 62, and Tanner’s “Notitiæ,” p. 286.) The D’Eyncourts still survive at -Bayons Manor, near Market Rasen. Their ancestors came over with the -Conqueror, and held many manors in Lincolnshire. Walter D’Eyncourt was a -great benefactor to Kirkstead Abbey in the reign of Ed. I. (Madox, -“Baronia Anglica,” p. 217.) The first Walter was a near relative of -Bishop Remigius, who also accompanied the Conqueror. A tomb was opened -in Lincoln Cathedral in 1741 supposed to be that of this Walter, and the -body was found carefully sewn up in leather. - -{109b} Of another of the Cromwells, a few years later, it is found by a -Chancery Inquisition post mortem (15 Hen. VI., No. 71) that, to prove his -birth, John Hackthorne, of Walmsgare, testifies that he saw him baptized; -and being asked how he knows this, he says that, on the said day, he saw -Thomas Hauley, knight, lift the said infant, Robert Cromwell, at the -font. This Sir Robert was succeeded by Ralph Lord Cromwell in 1442. -This Sir T. Hauley also presented to the benefice of Candlesby, next -after Matilda, wife of Ralph Lord Cromwell (“Linc. N. and Q,” vi., p. -76.) Thus there was a Hawley connected with the place at that early -period, but, as will be shown further on, the family of the present Sir -H. M. Hawley did not obtain their property here till more than 300 years -later (“Architect S. Journal,” xxiii., p. 125). - -{111} In former times parsons had the title “Sir,” not as being Knights, -or Baronets, but as the translation of “Dominus,” now rendered by -“Reverend.” - -{115a} In those days the wild boar, as well as deer, were plentiful in -our forests, and were protected by royal statute. The punishment for -anyone killing a boar, without the King’s licence, was the loss of his -eyes. They became extinct about A.D., 1620; as to the deer, an old -Patent Roll (13, Richard II., pt. 1, m. 3), mentions that a toll of one -half penny was leviable on every “100 skins of roebuck, foxes, hares, -&c.,” brought for sale to the Horncastle market. This would look as -though roe-deer at least, were then fairly plentiful. - -{115b} For further particulars of this family see “History of the -Ayscoughs,” by J. Conway Walter, published by W. K. Morton, Horncastle. -Henry Ascoughe, by his will, dated 16 Nov. 1601, desires to be buried in -the parish church of Moorbye (“Maddison’s Wills.”) - -{117a} Two different things were formerly meant by the term “graduale,” -or “grayle.” (1) It was the name given to the Communion Chalice, or -Paten, probably from the “Sangraal,” or holy vessel, said to have been -found in the chamber of “the last supper,” of our Lord, by Joseph of -Arimathæa, and in which he afterwards collected the blood (sang-reale, or -King’s blood), from the wounds of the crucified Saviour. This vessel, in -Arthurian romance, was said to have been preserved in Britain, and to -have possessed miraculous properties. The legend has been finely adopted -by our late Poet Laureate in the “Quest of the Holy Grayle,” among his -“Idylls of the King.” (2). The name was given to a part of the service -of the Mass in pre-Reformation times, which was called the “Gradual,” or -grail, because it was used at the steps (“gradus”) of the chancel. As -the inscription on the first-named of these Kirkby tombs mentioned the -gift of a “Missal,” or mass book, it is probable that the “gradual” here -mentioned was this portion of the mass book, and not the Communion -Chalice, or Paten. The Communion plate of Kirkby does not appear to be -very old. - -{117b} The writer of these Records has also a copy of this engraving, it -is dated 1800, and has the initials, E. C. The church is represented -with the roof fallen in, the porch closed by rails, south wall of nave, -with two 3-light windows, in a dilapidated## condition, a priest’s door -in chancel, with two 2-light windows above it, a shabby low tower, with -pinnacles, scarcely rising above the roof, the whole overgrown with -weeds; and churchyard and grave-stones in a neglected state. - -{119} In the reign of Ed. I. it was complained that the too powerful -Abbot of Kirkstead erected a gallows at Thimbleby (being patron of that -benefice), where he executed various offenders (“Hundred Rolls,” p. 299), -and Simon de Tumby had gallows at Ashby Puerorum, of which there is -probably still a trace, in “Galley Lane” in that parish. (“Hundred -Rolls,” 1275). - -{121} The Kings held property in this neighbourhood late in the 16th -century. By will, dated Jan. 23, 1614, Edwd. King, of Ashby, bequeathed -to his son John the manor house of Salmonby, and it was not till 1595 -that the Hall of Ashby de la Laund was built. - -{122} This conduit still exists. “Linc. & Q.” vol. iv. p. 131. - -{123a} At Greetham there is a field called Gousles, or Gouts-leys. We -find the same in Gautby. “St. Peter at Gowt’s,” in Lincoln; and “Gaut” -is a common term for the outlets of fen and marsh drains. - -{123b} There is in Hameringham a Baldvine gaire, given by the clerk to -the Revesby Monks. See notes on Hameringham. - -{123c} The name Massenge is not a common one, but we find that Thomas -Masinge was presented to the Vicarage of Frampton, by King Philip and -Queen Mary, 6 August, 1556 (‘Lincolnshire Institutions,’ “Linc. N. & Q,” -vol. v., p. 165.) - -{123d} The Goodricks were a fairly good family, originally settled at -Nortingley, Somersetshire; but the Lincolnshire branch came from the -marriage of Henry, son of Robert Goodrick, with the heiress daughter of -Thomas Stickford of this county. According to one version, one of his -descendants, Edward Goderich, of East Kirkby, married as his second wife, -Jane, daughter and heir of a Mr. Williamson of Boston, whose children -were Henry, Thomas (Lord Chancellor), John, Katherine, and Elizabeth; of -whom John married the daughter and co-heiress of Sir Lionel Dymoke, of -Stickford. According to another version, the John, of Bolingbroke, who -died in 1493, had two sons, William and Richard. William was of East -Kirkby, and was father of (1) the John, above-named, who married Miss -Dymoke, (2) Henry, ancestor of the Goodricks, baronets, of Yorkshire, and -(3) Thomas, Bishop of Ely, and Lord Chancellor, temp. Ed. VI., and one of -the compilers of the Reformed Liturgy (“Linc. N. & Q,” vol. i., p. 122). -In the reign of Elizabeth, Edward Goodrick, of East Kirkby, subscribed -£25 to the Armada Fund (“Linc. N. and Q.,” vol. ii., p. 132; “Architect. -S. Journal,” 1894, p. 214.) - -{124a} See “Notes” on Salmonby and Raithby. - -{124b} The term “exhibition” is equivalent to maintenance; Edward was -evidently studying for “the Bar,” and this was provision for him until he -should be able to “practice at the Bar,” as counsel in legal suits. The -term exhibition is still used at the Universities, along with -“scholarship,” for certain allowances, which are granted to students, -after examination, to aid them in their University course. - -{125a} The Sapcotes were a well-to-do middle-class family. In 1554 -Thomas Chamberlaine, clerk, was presented to the Church of Lee, Lincoln -Diocese, by Edward Sapcote, gentleman, one of the executors of the will -of Henry Sapcote, late alderman of the City of Lincoln (‘Lincoln -Institutions,’ “Linc. N. and Q,” v., p. 173.) William Sapcote was Rector -of Belchford in 1558. By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, dated at -Hornecastell, 4 Nov., 23 Henry VII. (1507), the manor of Taunton -(Toynton) and advowson of Nether Taunton with other property were -recovered for Thomas Sapcote, and Joan his wife, and other parties. -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1895, pp. 61–2.) - -{125b} The Palfreyman family resided at Lusby. They were descended from -William Palfreyman, who was Mayor of Lincoln in 1536. Mr. E. Palfreyman -contributed “1 launce and 1 light horse” to the defence of the country -when the Spanish Armada was expected; one of them is named among the List -of Gentry in the county, on the Herald’s Visitation in 1643 (“Linc. N. & -Q,” ii., p. 73.) Ralph Palfreyman was presented to the Vicarage of -Edlington in 1869, by Anthony Palfreyman, merchant of the Staple, Lincoln -(“Architect, S. Journal,” 1897, p. 15.) - -{126} The Grynnees were “nativi,” or tenants in bondage; yet, as -sometimes happens in modern days, a son married the daughter of a knight. -They were attached to the manor of Ingoldmells, which then belonged to -the King. - -{127a} The prefix may either be Ea _i.e._ Eau, water, or Ey, Ea, island. -The small islands in the Thames are called eyots. - -{127b} By an Inquisition taken at Partney, 8 Sep. 7 Hen. VIII (A.D. -1491), it was found that Bernard Eland, son of Eustace Eland, late of -Stirton, Esquire is an idiot, and that he has an infirmity called “Morbus -Caducus; and he held his manor of Stirton of the lord the King, by the -service of two parts of a knight’s fee.” (“Archit. S. Journ.” 1195, p. -74). - -{128} By an Inquisition, 20 Hen. vii (A.D. 1504, 5), held at Lincoln, it -was found that John Billsby and Nicholas Eland were seized of the manor -of Malbissh-Enderby, with appurtenances in Hagworthingham and also of the -manor of Bag Enderby, with appurtenances in Somersby, &c. - -{129} This rood-screen has been reproduced in late years in the restored -churches of Brant Broughton and Thornton Curtis. (“Linc. N. & Q.,” 1896, -p. 49). - -{131} Of Thomas Goodrick, Bishop of Ely, we may observe that he was -rather a “timeserver,” though one of the supporters of Lady Jane Grey, -and acting on her Council during her nine days’ reign. On the accession -of Queen Mary, he did homage to her, and was allowed to retain his -bishopric. The historian says of him, that “he was a busy -secular-spirited man, given up to factions and intrigues of state, -preferring to keep his bishopric before the discharge of his conscience.” - -The name was probably originally spelt Gode-rich, and a Latin epigram was -composed, in allusion to this, as follows:— - - “Et bonus et dives, bene junctus et optimus ordo, - Prœcedit bonitas, pone sequuntur opes”; - -which may be Englishised thus:— - - “Both _good_ and _rich_, duly combined, - The good in front, the rich behind.” - -There is probably a trace of the Goodrick family in a carved stone over -the kitchen door at the farmhouse close by the church, on which the -device is a cross “fitchée,” rising from another recumbent cross, -combined with a circle, between the initials L and G, with the date above -1544. - -{133} Our modern rock-salt was unknown till 1670, when it was -accidentally found in Cheshire. Before that time the only salt in use, -was that collected by evaporation, in “salt-pans,” on the Humber or the -sea-coast. Of these, Sharon Turner calculates (“Hist. Anglo-Saxons,” -vol. iii., p. 251, Ed., 1836), that there were no less than 361 in the -county. - -{135} Mills almost invariably belonged to the lord of the manor, and -were a source of considerable profit, as at these only were the tenants -allowed to have their grain ground. As an evidence of their value it may -be mentioned that the Bishop of Worcester had, in the parish of -Stratford, two carucates of land, or 240 acres, which were rated at -20_s._, whereas a mill belonging to him, yielded 100_s._ He let his land -at the annual rent of 5_d._ per acre, but his mill was let for £5. When -the Conqueror’s Commissioners visited Lincolnshire, there were between -400 and 500 mills in the county. - -{137} We have an instance of a similar formation in the name of -Kingerby, near Market Rasen; which in a Chancery Inquisition, post mort., -V.O., Ric. III. and Henry VII., No. 116a, is given as Kyngardby. - -{138} In Morris’s Directory, of 1863, the total is given as only 730 -acres. - -{139} Privately translated and printed for the late Right Honble. E. -Stanhope, M.P., of Revesby. - -{140} A selion is a ridge of land between two furrows. - -{142a} This double-arched doorway has been pronounced by some to be -Saxon (“Linc. N. & Q.” 1896, p. 4), but about 1090 there was a revival of -Saxon ornament, which was continued for some time into the Norman period -(“Linc. N & Q.” 1895, p. 225, note.) - -{142b} These details are taken from the description given by the late -Precentor Venables, on the visit of the Architectural Society, in 1894. - -{145a} The Fitzwilliams were a wealthy family, having large possessions -in this county and elsewhere, and, at a later period, were created earls -of Southampton. - -{145b} The Crevecœurs would seem to have derived their name from -Creveceur, a town with the title of Marquis, in the province of Masseran, -in Italy (“General Hist. of World,” by Dan Browne, 1721, p. 160.) There -was, however, another old town of this name in Holland, remarkable for -its strong fortress, which, from its impregnability, was named Creveceur, -or heart-break (Ibidem, p. 122). The arms of this family were “or, a -cross, voided, gules” (“Magna Charta,” p. 100.) - -{147} These various records are taken from “Lincolnshire Wills,” &c., by -Canon Maddison. - -{148} In Bag Enderby church there is a mural monument to Andrew and -Dorothy Gedney, and their two sons and two daughters kneeling by prayer -desks. - -{156a} Ralph Lord Treasurer Cromwell had also property in this parish at -a later period. - -{156b} A former church was built by the Lord Treasurer, who died in -1455; in the nave of which was the inscription, “Orate pro anima Radulph -Crumwell qui incepit hoc opus, Anno Domini 1450.” (Harl. MSS. No. 6829, -p. 174). - -{157a} In the “Gentleman’s Magazine” for 1789, p. 636, is an account of -a beacon hill in this parish. - -{157b} The objection to this is that “reeve” is a Saxon word, and the -termination “by” is Danish. The word appears in our modern “sheriff,” or -shire-reeve, “port-reeve,” &c. - -{158a} Jusseraud’s “Life of the 14th Century,” p. 38. - -{158b} Harleyan MSS. 4127. - -{158c} Ibid, add. MSS., 6118, 330_b_. - -{158d} The original charter of the foundation is lost, but a copy is -given in Dugdale’s “Monasticon,” vol. v. p. 454. The wife of this -William de Romara was Hawise, daughter of Richard de Redvers, Lord of -Tiverton, Co. Devon, and of Christchurch, Hants., and sister to Baldwin, -1st Earl of Devon. By the title of Comitissa Hawysia de Romara, she gave -the church of Feltham, in Middlesex, to the hospital of St. -Giles-in-the-Fields, near London. She joined in the foundation of -Revesby Abbey. (“Topogr. and Genealogist,” vol. i., p. 24). - -{158e} Dugdale’s “Baronage,” vol. i. p. 6. - -{159} Gelt was a tax of 2_s._ on each carucate, or 120 acres. - -{160} It is customary to speak of Revesby Abbey as the monastery of St. -Laurence, but it would also appear at an early period to have been -dedicated to the Virgin Mother as well; for, while the inscription on the -tomb of the founder, as given above, mentions only St. Laurence, Dugdale -in his “Monasticon” (p. 531), calls it “the Monastery of our blessed Lady -the Virgin, and St. Lawrans.” Further, one impression of the Abbey seal -is preserved in the office of the Duchy of Lancaster, and another at the -British Museum; and they are inscribed “Sigillum Abbatis d’ St. -Laurentio”; but there is also in the British Museum, a seal of “Henry, -Abbot of St. Mary’s;” and another of “the Abbey and Convent of St. Mary,” -is among the Harleian Charters (44, z 2), and both the latter have, as -part of their device, the Virgin, crowned, holding the Infant Christ in -her arms. - -{161} It is curious to find a Doctor among the slaves, he may have been -a foster-brother to one of better birth. Barcaria, in Monkish Latin -meant a tanning house (from “bark,”) or a sheep-fold, Norman French, -“Bergerie,” and Barkarius may have been a tanner or shepherd. - -{164} I am indebted for these details to the accounts printed by the -late E. Stanhope, for private circulation, and the Revesby deeds and -charters, which he recovered, and also printed. - -{166} Saunders in his “History of Lincolnshire,” 1836, gives the patron -of Revesby as Revd. C. N. L’oste. This, however, is an error, that -gentleman being chaplain in 1831, and there then being no residence he -resided at Horncastle, as many other country incumbents did at that time. -The L’ostes held various preferments in this neighbourhood for more than -one generation. In 1706, before the Banks family owned Revesby, the -Revd. C. L’oste held the Rectory of Langton-by-Horncastle. He was a man -of some attainments, and published a poetical translation of Grotius on -the Christian Religion, which the writer of these notes possesses. -Another L’oste, at that date resided in Louth; and, within living memory, -another of the name resided in Horncastle. - -{178} The Pelhams of old were a martial family. At the battle of -Poitiers, the King of France surrendered to John de Pelham, and this -badge was adopted by him as representing the sword-belt buckle of the -defeated monarch, and became conspicuous on their residences, or in the -churches which they endowed. - -{181} For an interesting life of Mr. Hanserd Knollys, see Crosby’s -“History of English Baptists,” vol. i, p. 334, &c. - -{182} Odo was the son of Herluin de Contaville and Arlette, coucubine of -Robert, Duke of Normandy, so that Odo and the Conqueror were sons of the -same mother. The Earl of Moretaine, and Adeliza, Countess d’ Aumaile, -were his brother and sister. - -{184} It has been suggested that this represented Belshazzar’s Feast -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1858, p. lxxiii), but this would hardly be in -keeping with the other subjects. - -{185} The next ford on the Witham, southward, was Kirkstead wharf, or -more properly “wath,” which is still the local pronunciation; “wath,” -meaning “ford,” corresponding to the Latin “vadum,” and related to our -word to “wade,” or “ford,” a stream, &c. There is a village called Wath -in Yorkshire, which is near a ford or causeway over a Marsh. (“Archit. -Journ.” xiii, p. 75). - -{186a} Mr. T. W. Shore, in an interesting article on “The Roads and -Fords of Hampshire.” (“Archæolog. Review,” vol. iii., pp. 89–98), says -that all the “Stokes” (a common local name), are connected with “wades,” -or fords on streams, probably because they were stockaded. Stockholm, -means a staked, or stockaded island. In South America there is a plain -called Llano Estacedo, because the tracks across it are marked by stakes. -(“Greater Britain,” Sir C. Dilke, p. 75.) - -{186b} This was the case with a manorial wood, formerly on the property -of the Bishops of Winchester, at Havant, in Hants. (“Archæol. Review,” -iii., p. 94), one of the conditions of tenure being, that it should -furnish stakes for a “wade-way,” from the main land to Hayling Island, -fordable by carts at low water, and stockaded on both sides. - -{186c} In connection with this, it is not a little interesting to note -that, according to the Hundred Rolls (pp. 317 and 397), quoted Oliver’s -“Religious Houses,” (p. 72, note 25), the prioress of Stixwould was -accused in the reign of Ed. I., of obstructing the passage of ships on -the Witham, “by turfs and faggots” (“turbis et fagotis”); this would -probably be by making the ford shallower by sods, and narrower by bundles -of stakes or sticks. - -{186d} Streatfeild (“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” pp. 147–8,) says “the -swampy locality would favour the idea of the stakes,” as originating the -name. - -{186e} Called by Ingulphus “Patria Girviorum.” (“Hist. Rerum. Anglic.” -Vol. i., p. 5, A.D. 716). - -{187} The name Siward may not have been confined to one person; but the -old chronicler, Ordericus Vitalis (A.D. 1142), tells the following, of -the great Earl Waltheof, son of Siward, that he was beheaded (probably -being too powerful a Saxon subject to suit the Conqueror), on May 31, -1076, at Winchester, and buried on the spot of his execution. The monks -of Croyland, however, begged that his body might be removed to their -Abbey; and this was granted and carried out a fortnight after his death. -He was then buried in the Chapter House. Sixteen years afterwards, the -abbot, Ingulphus, decided to remove the treasured remains from the -Chapter House to the Church, and ordered the bones to be first washed -with warm water. When the coffin lid was removed, the body was not only -found to be as fresh as at the first burial, but the head had become -re-united to the body, only a red streak showing the place of severance. -The body was re-interred near the high altar with great ceremony, and it -is added (and no wonder, after this one miracle) that “miracles were -often performed” at the tomb. (“Fenland N. & Q.” 1892, pp. 37–8). - -{188} Although nothing is said, so far as we know, of Ivo leaving any -progeny, the name of Taillebois survived for some centuries, being -represented by men of wealth, large property, and good connections in the -county. Their chief seat was South Kyme, where the head of this house -succeeded Gilbert de Umfravill, Earl of Angus, and where his descendants -were, in turn, succeeded by the Dymokes. In the 15th century their -fortunes declined, and by a Close Roll of Henry VII. (9 May, 1494), it is -shewn that William Taillebois, then of Baumber, had got into the hands of -a London money-lender, and that his estates were handed over to Sir -Robert Dymoke, and other creditors, who made him an allowance of £20 a -year. - -{189a} Judging by the dates, they could hardly have been one and the -same lady. This question is fully examined by J. G. Nichols, F.S.A., in -“Proceedings of the Archæological Institute,” 1848, who decides in favour -of two distinct persons, the latter being mother of William de Romara -(temp. Stephen), afterwards Earl of Lincoln. - -{189b} From the title, d’ Alencon, it is probable that the name, once -not uncommon in this neighbourhood, of Dalyson arose. - -{194} Dugdale (“Monasticon,” v., p. 725), says Sir Geoffrey de Ezmondeys -gave to Stixwold Priory certain lands at Honington, then called -Huntingdon. These lands still belonged to the Priory, temp. Henry VIII. -The name is spelt Ermondeys in a second Deed in Dugdale; it is Ermondys -in the Hundred Rolls (i. 393). In “Testa de Nevill,” (p. 323) it _is_ -abbreviated as “Armets”; while in p. 342 of the same Henry de Armenters -is given as owner of the same lands. - -{196a} Not many years ago there was preserved in the church of the not -distant parish of Scopwick, a richly-embroidered satin pulpit cloth, -probably a specimen of such work; but the Vicar, unfortunately, converted -it into window curtains, and it has been lost. (Oliver, p. 72, n. 23.) - -{196b} The Harleian MS., in the British Museum, shows buxom dames -shooting stags and boars with the bow, mounted astride on horseback. -Italian and Dutch artists shew the same. Lady Superiors were wont thus -to relieve the montony of conventual life. It is related of Queen -Elizabeth, that when 60 years old, she shot four deer before breakfast. -“Standard,” ‘leader,’ Oct. 12th, 1898. - -{197} There may be seen in Horncastle, at the house of Mr. Soulby -Hunter, of Horncastle, a very beautifully-carved boss of stone, which was -once in the roof of the Priory chapel, or church; it is circular, more -than 2ft. in diameter, and 6 portions of arches branch off from it. Its -size indicates that the fabric must have been on a large scale and lofty. -There is also at the same house a finely-carved figure of a crouching -lion, which may have formed part of a frieze, or cornice of the same -building. - -{198} This stone consists of a square block, the carved device being a -cross within a circle, on the four arms of which are letters, which, -taking a central E as common to all, form the words “Lex Dei Est Vera,” -‘the law of God is true.’ The stone was taken to Lincoln, and placed in -the west gable of a house built by the late Mr. E. J. Willson. (“Linc. -N. & Q.” vol. i., p. 124). It was engraved in “Archæological Journal,” -vol. ix., p. 97. - -{199} This Boulton was, for his crime, hanged at Lincoln; but his body -brought to be buried in the old church. When the present church was -built, his body was removed, with others, and re-interred in the -churchyard. His remains are, locally, said to have differed from all the -others, in that there were still large lumps of fat about the skeleton. -This may probably be accounted for by the fact that he died in the full -vigour of life. Some of the Boultons formerly resided at Hall-garth, -Thimbleby; others lived at Sturton-by-Stow, and left moneys for the poor -of that parish. - -{202} Thomas Welby, in his will, proved 18th August, 1524, desired “to -be buried in the church of Stixwould, before the image of our Lady.” The -Welbys are now one of the leading county families, yet we find this very -name of “Thomas Welby of Moulton,” mentioned in the “Myntling MS.” of -Spalding Priory, as among the bondmen of that monastery. 25 Edward III., -(1352). Thomas Grantham, living at Newstead farm, Stixwould, 40 years -ago, probably of the above Grantham family, was a great hunting man. His -brother, Redding Grantham, is buried at Woodhall Spa. - -{203} For many of these particulars I am indebted to the account of -Halstead Hall, by the Rev. J. A. Penny, given in “Linc. N. & Q.,” vol. -iii., pp. 33–37. - -{204} The bricks of this structure resemble those of Tattershall Castle -(built about 1440), and of the Tower-on-the-Moor; they were formerly -supposed to be Dutch bricks, brought by boat up the Witham; but -geologists tells us that they are made of the local clay. - -{206a} A cast was taken of Tiger Tom’s head, after the execution, and a -mould from it now forms an ornament over the door of a house, No. 31, -Boston Road, Horncastle, which formerly belonged to Mr. William Boulton. -He witnessed the execution, and procured the cast at the time. - -{206b} One of the gang was hanged on March 27, 1829; the two above-named -on March 19, the next year, 1830; a fourth was captured two years later, -but escaped hanging, as it was pleaded on his behalf, that he had -prevented Timothy Brammar, a reckless fellow, from shooting Mr. Elsey, or -ill-treating the maids. He, however, had formerly been a servant at the -house, knew the premises well, and was said to have planned the whole -proceedings; he was transported. There were said to be ten men in the -gang, all “bankers,” _i.e._, “navvies.” Mr. T. Mitchell, parish clerk of -Woodhall, informs me that two of the men confined in the stables were -named Henry Oldfield and George Croft; names frequently appearing in the -parish registers and still common in the neighbourhood. George Croft -died at Langton, January 18, 1878. Henry Oldfield’s daughter, still -living (1904), says that she remembers her mother stating that she saw -six of the men hanged, at one time or another, and heard the trial of the -last two, when the judge remarked “What, the case from Halstead Hall; -shall we ever have done with it?” Most of these particulars are given in -“Records of Woodhall Spa” (1899), and for them I am indebted to Mr. and -Mrs. Longstaff, now residing at Halstead Hall. - -{209} The parish register has the entry “Alison ye wife of Rob. Diton -was buried ye 14 Jany., 1688,” and as none of the name are mentioned -again, they probably became extinct with this Robert. - -{210} It has been doubted, of late, whether there ever was a tower; but -it is referred to by Mr. Jeans, in Murray’s “Handbook for Lincolnshire,” -also in several old Directories, and the Parish Terrier, dated June 27, -1724, mentions among the church possessions “Three bells and a -ting-tang.” The existence of this tower is further confirmed by the fact -that in the churchyard is the tombstone of a Mr. Wattam (a name still -surviving in the parish), the churchwarden who caused the tower to be -taken down. He was afterwards killed by lightning, and the villagers -regarded this as a “judgment” upon him for removing the tower and bells. - -{219a} See my volume “Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood,” pp. -140–2, where this particular case of Fulstow is also mentioned. - -{219b} In connection with Joyce Dighton, widow of Robert Dighton, of -Stourton, there is a record that she left her two sons, Robert and -William, her leases in Waddingworth, and in Maidenwell, Louth. This -indicates a connection. The Waddingworth property had belonged to -Tupholme Abbey. Maidenwell, also, was a sacred place, where is still a -well, in the cellar of the manor house, which I have seen, dedicated to -the “Maiden,” _i.e._, Virgin. - -{220a} I quote from the list made out by the Rev. C. W. Foster -(“Architectural Society’s Journal,” vol. xxiv., p. 12). - -{220b} This Mr. Rutland Snowden, gent., gave to the poor of Horncastle -one house, of the yearly value of 26s., but, being decayed, this is now -reduced to 13s., paid in bread, sixpence every other Sunday. The house -belongs now to Mr. Willm. Dawson. (Weir’s “Hist. of Horncastle,” p. 33, -ed. 1820.) - -{221} Thomas Loddington, LL.D., was Vicar of Horncastle at the beginning -of the 18th century. His name is on one of the church bells, cast in -1717. - -{227} St. Margaret was tortured and beheaded by Polybius, Roman -president of the East (who wished to marry her), because she refused to -abjure her faith in the Saviour. She died A.D., 278. Her holy day, July -20, is very ancient, not only in the Roman Church, but also in the Greek -Church, which celebrates her memory, under the name of Marina. - -{228} The writer of this notice has a copy of this quaint production. -It is entitled, “God’s Arke, overtopping the world’s waves, or The Third -Part of the Parliamentary Chronicle, collected and published, for God’s -high Honour, and the great encouragement of all that are zealous for God, -and lovers of their Country. By the most unworthy admirer of them, John -Vickers, London. Printed by M. Simons & F. Macock. 3rd edition, 1646.” -The 1st edition was probably issued soon after the battle. - -{230a} Of these Colonel Shelley was taken in the water. Sir George -Bolle, a member of a very old Lincolnshire family, was killed with Sir -Ingram Hopton, and Major Askew, of another old Lincolnshire family was -taken prisoner. (“Winceby Fight,” a Legend, by Alan Cheales, M.A.) - -{230b} The writer once found on Langton Hill, within a quarter of a mile -of Horncastle, the rowell of a spur with very long spikes, which was -probably lost by a fugitive Cavalier after the fight. He has also a pair -of spurs which were ploughed up on the battle field; and he has also a -pistol of peculiar construction, found in a ditch near Woodhall Spa, -which had probably been lost by a fleeing trooper. - -{231} There are more than 2000 place-names in England which contain this -element: from the county names of Nott-ing-hamshire and -Buck-ing-hamshire, to Wolsingham, to the North, in Durham; and Hastings -on the South coast of Sussex. - -{233} The Beks, who have been mentioned before in this volume, became a -powerful and wealthy family. They attained to the honour of Knighthood, -and Barony, married into families of good position, acquired the -Constableship of Lincoln Castle, and were especially strong in Bishops; -four members of the family being raised to the episcopate, one as Bishop -of Lincoln, then the largest See in the Kingdom, another as Bishop of -Durham. Of this last it is related that he was so enormously wealthy -that his ordinary retinue consisted of 140 knights. Hearing that a piece -of cloth was said to be “too costly for even the Bishop of Durham,” he at -once bought it, and had it cut up into horse cloths. While he was -staying in Rome, a Cardinal greatly admired his horses. He thereupon -sent two of the best with his compliments, begging the Cardinal to take -which he preferred. The cardinal _took both_; whereat the Bishop drily -remarked, “He _has_ chosen the best.” - -{234} That a connection of Beks and Willoughbys with Kirkstead Abbey -existed before this, is shewn by the following documents. Walter Bek, -first Baron of Willoughby, by will, dated July 20, 1301, directed that -his body should “be buried at Kirkstede, whereunto he gives his best -horse (price 40 marks), his mail-coat, gauntlets, targe and lance,” and -other accoutrements, Sir Willm. Willoughby being his executor. An old -Charter exists (Harleian MS., 45. h. 14), by which “John Bek, Lord of -Eresby, makes known to all sons of Holy Mother Church,” that he grants -and confirms “to God and the Church of the blessed Mary of Kyrkested, and -to the Monks there serving God, in pure and perpetual alms, all the gifts -and confirmations, which (his) ancestors made to them”; one of the -witnesses to this being “Dominus William de Wylcheby.” - -{235} By a curious coincidence, we find 120 years later, another William -Hardigray, doubtless a descendant of this, occupying the post of master, -with sundry “fellows” under him, of the Chantry of the Holy Trinity, at -Spilsby; and to him, and his Institution, Sir William Willoughby, in -1406, granted certain lands in Scremby and elsewhere, to augment the -endowment; a further bequest being made by Robert, Lord Willoughby, in -1452. (“History of Spilsby,” p. 46, by H. Cotton Smith.) - -{236} The Glovers would seem to have been of some antiquity in the -neighbourhood. In an Inquisition, taken at Sleaford, A.D. 1506, as to -the estate of Mawncer Marmeon, among the jurors is William Glover, of -Panton. (Architect. Soc. Journal, vol. xxiii., pt. i., pp. 55 and 69). -While, in another Inquisition taken at Spalding in the same year, among -the jurors is Robert Glover (Ibidem); and in another Inquisition taken at -Falkingham, 3 years later, we find Thomas Phillips of Stamford, and John -Obys, clerk, seized of the manor of Casewick (Ibidem, p. 80). - -{237} The bricks of the former residence itself are said to have been -used in repairing Baumber Church many years ago. - -{238a} Some anecdotes are told of this worthy. A friend, who, in his -early years, received some tuition from him, relates that he once took -him to the top of the church tower, and waving his arms around, exclaimed -“All this should be mine, every inch of it.” He planted an apple tree, -when each of his numerous progeny was born; two or three of which still -bear fruit in the vicarage orchard. He is said to have been a skilful -boxer, and to have thrashed a big bully at Thimbleby. Being accused by a -clerical superior, of frequenting public houses, and drinking too much, -he replied, “I am not the only man who has been accused of being a -gluttonous man and a wine-bibber, a friend of publicans and sinners.” He -was evidently well able to hold his own with tongue as well as fist, -although the valuable patrimony slipt through his fingers. - -{238b} He was intimate with Prout, De Wint, Cattermole, and other -artists of his day, his own paintings in sepia being well-known and -highly valued. The writer of these Records possesses several of them, -and among them, the gift of Mr. Terrot, a painting of Stonehenge, the -original of which was presented by the artist to King Edward, on his -visit to Stonehenge, as Prince of Wales. - -{238c} These capitals are still preserved in the vestry. - -{240} The triple cross is said to be the sign of a Royal Arch-Mason, and -in Mr. Terrot’s own window are signs of the four Masonic crafts. - -{241} The Hannaths had one other child, a girl, who married and is still -living at Blackpool. Of the 18 buried here, one a girl, Ann, having been -accidentally burnt, was a dwarf not only in body, but also in intellect. -At 23 years of age she was only 26 inches high, and an idiot. She was -buried July 9, 1844 (note in register). It is stated that her common way -of showing that she wanted food, was to lick with her tongue the -fire-grate. It is locally said that at the birth of each of the 18 -children, a mysterious pigeon appeared, and, in consequence, the child -died at once, or within a day or two of its appearance. - -{243} In the ancient house in Boston called “Shodfriars’ Hall,” there -was established in 1619, a school where 20 boys and 20 girls were taught -to “spin Jersey, or worsted.” It was called the “Jersey School,” till -1790. 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Conway Walter</title> - <style type="text/css"> -/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ -<!-- - P { margin-top: .75em; - margin-bottom: .75em; - } - P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;} - P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; } - .GutSmall { font-size: 0.7em; } - H1, H2 { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - } - H3, H4, H5 { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - } - BODY{margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - } - table { border-collapse: collapse; } -table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} - td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} - td p { margin: 0.2em; } - .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ - - .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - - .pagenum {position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: small; - text-align: right; - font-weight: normal; - color: gray; - } - img { border: none; } - img.dc { float: left; width: 50px; height: 50px; } - p.gutindent { margin-left: 2em; } - p.gutlist { margin-top: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -1em} - div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; } - div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid;} - div.gapmediumline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; - border-top: 1px solid; } - div.gapmediumdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 40%; margin-left:30%; - border-top: 1px solid; border-bottom: 1px solid;} - div.gapshortdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; - margin-left: 40%; border-top: 1px solid; - border-bottom: 1px solid; } - div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%; - margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid; - border-bottom: 1px solid;} - div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%; - border-top: 1px solid; } - .citation {vertical-align: super; - font-size: .5em; - text-decoration: none;} - span.red { color: red; } - body {background-color: #ffffc0; } - img.floatleft { float: left; - margin-right: 1em; - margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - img.floatright { float: right; - margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - img.clearcenter {display: block; - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em} - --> - /* XML end ]]>*/ - </style> -</head> -<body> -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Records, historical and antiquarian, of -Parishes Round Horncastle, by J. Conway Walter - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Records, historical and antiquarian, of Parishes Round Horncastle - - -Author: J. Conway Walter - - - -Release Date: June 27, 2020 [eBook #62502] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RECORDS, HISTORICAL AND -ANTIQUARIAN, OF PARISHES ROUND HORNCASTLE*** -</pre> -<p>Transcribed from the 1904 W. K. Morton edition, by David -Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/cover.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Book cover" -title= -"Book cover" - src="images/cover.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/fpb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Photograph of J. Conway Walter with his signature" -title= -"Photograph of J. Conway Walter with his signature" - src="images/fps.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<h1><span style='color: #ff0000'>R</span>ecords,<br /> -<span class="GutSmall">HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN,</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">OF</span><br /> -<span style='color: #ff0000'>P</span>arishes <span style='color: -#ff0000'>R</span>ound <span style='color: -#ff0000'>H</span>orncastle.</h1> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">BY</span><br -/> -<span style='color: #ff0000'>J. CONWAY WALTER,</span></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">Author -of</span> “<span class="smcap">Records of Woodhall -Spa</span>,” “<span class="smcap">The -Ayscoughs</span>,”<br /> -“<span class="smcap">Literæ -Laureatæ</span>,” &c.</p> -<p style="text-align: center"> -<a href="images/tpb.jpg"> -<img alt= -"Ancient Chrismatory, see page 38" -title= -"Ancient Chrismatory, see page 38" - src="images/tps.jpg" /> -</a></p> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">Ancient -Chrismatory, see page 38.</span></p> - -<div class="gapspace"> </div> -<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall"><span -class="smcap">Horncastle</span></span><span -class="GutSmall">:</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">W. K. </span><span class="GutSmall"><span -class="smcap">Morton</span></span><span class="GutSmall">, -</span><span class="GutSmall"><span class="smcap">High -Street</span></span><span class="GutSmall">,</span><br /> -<span class="GutSmall">1904.</span></p> -<h2><a name="pagev"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -v</span>PREFACE.</h2> -<p>In perusing the following pages, readers, who may be specially -interested in some one particular parish with which they are -connected, may in certain cases be disappointed on not finding -such parish here described, as they have previously seen it, -along with the others, in the columns of the “Horncastle -News,” where these ‘Records’ first -appeared. This may arise from one of two causes:—</p> -<p>(1) The volume published in 1899, entitled -“Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood” (which -was very favourably received), contained accounts of parishes -extending from Somersby and Harrington in the east of the -district, to Horsington and Bucknall in the west, with others -between; as being likely to interest visitors to that growing -health resort. These, therefore, do not find a place in -this volume.</p> -<p>(2) Further it is proposed that in the near future this -volume shall be followed by a “History of -Horncastle,” already approaching completion, and with it -accounts of the fourteen parishes within its -“soke.” These, again, are, consequently, not -here given.</p> -<p>The Records of all these different parishes will be found in -the volumes to which they respectively belong.</p> -<p>In again submitting a work of this character to the many -friends whom his former volume has gained for him, the author -wishes to say that he is himself fully alive to its -imperfections; none could be more so. In not a few -instances it has, almost perforce, come short of his own aim and -aspirations; the material available in connection with some of -the parishes described having proved meagre beyond -expectation. In many chains links have been lost; there are -gaps—in some cases a yawning hiatus—which it has been -found impossible to fill.</p> -<p><a name="pagevi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -vi</span>Further, as the account of each parish was intended -originally to be complete in itself, and several parishes have, -at different periods, had the same owners, there will be found, -of necessity, some cases of repetition as to individuals, their -character, or incidents connected with them.</p> -<p>Anyone who reads the book will see that it has involved no -small amount of labour; whether in visiting (always on foot) the -many localities described (in all more than 70 parishes having -been visited); or in the careful search and research, necessary -in many directions, for the information required.</p> -<p>In both these respects, however, the task has been a congenial -one, and of more or less engrossing interest, thus bringing its -own reward.</p> -<p>It has been said by a thoughtful writer that no one can enjoy -the country so thoroughly as the pedestrian who passes through it -leisurely.</p> -<p>We all, instinctively (if not vitiated), have a love of the -country. As Cowper has said:—</p> -<blockquote><p>“’Tis born with all; the love of -Nature’s works<br /> -Is an ingredient in the compound man,<br /> -Infused at the creation of his kind.”—(“The -Task.”)</p> -</blockquote> -<p>It is not, however, the cyclist, who rushes through our rural -charms with head in the position of a battering ram, and frame -quivering with the vibration engendered of his vehicle, who can -dwell on these attractions with full appreciation. Nor is -it his more reckless brother, the motorist, who crashes along our -country roads, with powers of observation narrowed by hideous -binocular vizor, and at a speed whose centrifugal force drives in -terror every other wayfarer—chicken, child, woman, or -man—to fly like sparks from anvil in all directions, if -haply they may even so escape destruction. For him, we -might suppose, the fascination must be to outstrip the -thunderbolt, not to linger over mundane scenery. But to the -man who walks deliberately, and with an observant eye for all -about him, to him indeed nature unfolds her choicest -treasures. Not only antiquities such as the British, Roman, -or Danish camps on the hill sides above him have their special -attractions; but the very hedge-rows and banks, with their wealth -of flower and of insect life, the quarries with their different -fossils, the ice-borne boulders scattered about, and even the -local, and often quaint, human <a name="pagevii"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. vii</span>characters, whom he may meet and -chat with. All these afford him sources of varied interest -as well as instruction.</p> -<p>The process, again, of antiquarian investigation is absorbing -and recuperative, alike to man and matter, bringing to life, as -it were, habits and customs long buried in the -“limbo” of the past, re-clothing dry bones with -flesh, uniting those no longer articulate; like the kilted -warriors springing to their feet, on all sides, from the heather, -at the signal of some Rhoderick Dhu. Here also, albeit, the -recording MSS and folios may be “fusty,” knights of -old are summoned up, as by a long forgotten roll-call, to fight -their battles over again; or high-born dames and “ladyes -fayre,” may unfold anew unknown romances.</p> -<p>With our span-new Rural, Urban and County Councils, we are apt -to fancy that only now, in this twentieth century, is our little -world awakening to real activity; but the antiquary, as by a -magician’s wand, can conjure up scenes dispelling such -illusions; and anyone, who reads the following pages, may see -that the humblest of our rural villages may have had a past of -stirring incident, which must be little short of a revelation to -most of its present occupants, “not dreamt of in their -simple philosophy.”</p> -<p>Among the calls of other duties, to one whose occupations are -by no means limited to this particular field of labour, the work -had often, of necessity, to be suspended, and so its continuity -was liable to be broken into a collection of <i>disjecta corporis -membra</i>. Such, however, as they are, the author submits -these ‘Records’ to future generous readers, in the -confident hope that they will make due allowance for the varied -difficulties with which he has had to contend.</p> -<p>He could wish the results attained were more worthy of their -acceptance; but he has some satisfaction in the feeling that, in -his humble degree, he has opened up, as it were, a new world -(though still an old one) for their contemplation.</p> -<p>A popular writer has said: “To realise the charm and -wealth of interest of a country side, even in one’s -armchair, is an intellectual pleasure of no mean -order.” If the old-time incidents found in the -following pages enliven some of our modern “ingle -neuks,” the author will, in some degree, have gained his -reward.</p> -<p style="text-align: right">J.C.W.</p> -<h2><a name="pageviii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -viii</span>CORRIGENDA. <a name="citation0"></a><a -href="#footnote0" class="citation">[0]</a></h2> -<p class="gutlist">Page 1, line 23, <i>for</i> moot-free -<i>read</i> moot-tree.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 3, line 11, <i>for</i> Creœceur -<i>read</i> Creveceur.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 8, line 24, <i>for</i> Sharford -<i>read</i> Snarford.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 14, line 13, <i>for</i> resident -<i>read</i> residence.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 18, line 20, <i>for</i> Ascham -<i>read</i> Acham.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 19, line 9, <i>for</i> Anjon -<i>read</i> Anjou.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 30, foot-note, <i>for</i> Anjon -<i>read</i> Anjou.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 31, line 36, <i>for</i> Stukley -<i>read</i> Stukeley.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 41, line 24, Richard, King, <i>omit -comma</i>.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 44, line 28, Emperor of Constantine, -<i>omit</i> of.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 45, line 18, <i>for</i> Improprietor -<i>read</i> Impropriator.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 50, line 1, <i>for</i> Mabysshendery -<i>read</i> Mabysshenderby.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 51, line 31, <i>for</i> Tessara -<i>read</i> Tessera.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 56, line 41, <i>for</i> 1349 -<i>read</i> 1846.</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, 67, line 23, <i>for</i> call <i>read</i> -called.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 114, last line, <i>for</i> smalle -<i>read</i> smaller.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 116, line 8, <i>for</i> Bernek -<i>read</i> Bernak.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 119, line 9, <i>for</i> his misdeeds -<i>read</i> their misdeeds.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 125, foot note, <i>for</i> one launcar -<i>read</i> one lance.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 126, line 34, <i>for</i> 13th century -<i>read</i> 18<i>th</i> century.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 128, line 35, <i>for</i> attatched -<i>read</i> attached</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 136, line 20, <i>for</i> a aumbrey -<i>read</i> an aumbrey.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 136, line 42, <i>for</i> Canon -Oldfield <i>read</i> Rev. G. R. Ekins.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 138, line 18, Asgarby Benefice is now -held with Lusby, by Rev. C. E. Bolam.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 154, line 35, <i>for</i> right north -<i>read</i> left north.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 169, line 29, <i>for</i> succumbuit -<i>read</i> succubuit.</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, 170, line 16, <i>for</i> Almond <i>read</i> -Salmond.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 171, line 22, <i>for</i> place -<i>read</i> places.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 184, line 5, <i>for</i> sprays -<i>read</i> splays.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 185, line 12, <i>for</i> similiar -<i>read</i> similar.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 190, line 41, <i>for</i> Cladius -<i>read</i> Claudius.</p> -<p class="gutlist">„ 194, line 3 5, <i>for</i> Creviceur -<i>read</i> Creveceur.</p> -<h2><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 1</span>NOTES ON -PARISHES ROUND HORNCASTLE.</h2> -<h3><span class="smcap">Ashby Puerorum</span></h3> -<p>is situated about five miles from Horncastle in an eastern -direction, lying between Somersby on the north-east, Greetham -nearly west, and Hagworthingham almost south. It includes -the hamlets of Stainsby and Holbeck. The register dates -from 1627. Letters, via Horncastle, arrive at 10 a.m. -At Tetford is the nearest money order and telegraph office, -although there is in the village an office where postal orders -and stamps can be obtained. The principal owners of land -are Earl Manvers, the representatives of the late Mr. Pocklington -Coltman, of Hagnaby Priory, and F. W. S. Heywood, Esq., of -Holbeck Hall. The antiquity of the parish is implied in its -name. “Ash” is the Danish “esshe” -(the pronunciation still locally used), and “by” is -Danish for “farmstead.” Indeed, the whole of -the neighbourhood was overrun by the Danish Vikings, as is shewn -by the termination “by,” which is almost universal, -as in Stainsby, Somersby, three Enderbys, Spilsby, etc. The -ash was probably the “moot” tree of the village, -beneath whose spreading shade the elders sat in council. -This tree was formerly held sacred. The -“world-tree,” or “holy ash” of the Danish -mythology (called by the <a name="page2"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 2</span>Druids “Yggdrasil”) was -supposed to have its top in heaven and its roots in hell <a -name="citation2a"></a><a href="#footnote2a" -class="citation">[2a]</a> (“Asgard and the Gods,” by -Wagner). I am aware that another derivation has been -suggested, viz., that “ash” represents the Norse -“is,” “use,” “uisge” (compare -river Ouse), all of which mean “water,” as in -Ashbourne, where the latter syllable is only a later translation -of the former, both meaning water. But I cannot see that -water is so prominent a local feature as to give a name to this -parish, nor to the other Ashbys in the neighbourhood. <a -name="citation2b"></a><a href="#footnote2b" -class="citation">[2b]</a></p> -<p>The oldest official notice of the parish is in Domesday Book, -where it is stated that “in Aschebi, Odincarle -(Wodin’s churl) and Chilbert had 4 carucates (<i>i.e.</i>, -480 acres) rateable” to the tax called “gelt,” -their whole land being 5 carucates or 600 acres. This was -in Saxon times. When William the Conqueror took possession -these were deprived of their property, and he bestowed the manor -on Odo, Bishop of Baieux, who was his half-brother on the -mother’s side. On the bishop coming to England, -William created him Earl of Kent, and also Count Palatine, and -“Justitiarius Angliæ.” He was so powerful -that historians of the day described him as “Totius -Angliæ Vice-dominus sub rege,” second only to the -King. He held, of the King’s gift, 76 manors in -Lincolnshire, besides 463 in other parts. This greatness, -however, was his ruin, for, from his pride and arrogancy, he -incurred the Conqueror’s displeasure and was sent to prison -in Normandy. On the Conqueror’s death, in 1084, King -Rufus restored him to his honours, but, finding his power not so -great as formerly, he headed a conspiracy against Rufus in favour -of Robert, Duke of Normandy, and, failing in it, he fled to the -Duke, who <a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -3</span>made him governor of that Province, where he died in -1097. Ashby Puerorum was thus again “in the -market.”</p> -<p>The subsequent history of Ashby is more or less enveloped in -the folding mists of antiquity. The clouds, however, do -here and there lift a little, and we get a glimpse into the past -which enables us to form a shrewd guess as to its early -proprietors. Among the list of noble soldiers contained in -the famous “Battle Roll” of the Conqueror, as coming -over with him to England and fighting for him at Hastings, is the -name of Creuquere, or Creveceur, Latinized as “De corde -Crepito,” which some have rendered “of the craven -heart,” not a very likely attribute of a brave -soldier. We prefer another rendering, “of the tender -heart,” and connect it with the legend of his rescuing a -“ladye fayre” at the risk of his own life, who was -kept “in durance vile” by a knight of ill repute, in -his castle, situated in a lonesome forest. The name also -took the alternative form of De Curcy. A de Curcy was -seneschal, or High Steward, to Henry I., and it is a name which -ranks high still. This Creveceur (we are not sure of his -Christian name) was one of a doughty race. Giraldus -Kambrensis tells us of one of them, who conquered the Irish -kingdom of Ulster in 1177 (Hibernia Expugnata, lib. ii., c. 16, -17), and was created Earl of Ulster. He was of gigantic -stature, and in a dispute between Kings Philip of France and John -of England, the former sent one of his most redoubted knights to -maintain his cause, but, the Creveceur being appointed champion -for John, the Frenchman thought it best to show a clean pair of -heels and shun the combat. In recognition of his valour -this Knight was allowed by King John to wear his hat in the -King’s presence, a privilege still enjoyed by Lord Kinsale, -the present representative of the family. Lord Forester had -the same privilege granted by Henry VIII.</p> -<p>Now the Creveceurs were lords of considerable territory in the -neighbourhood of Ashby; for instance, at Bag Enderby, Somersby, -Tetford, etc., and in the document “Testa de Nevill” -(circa 1215) it is stated that Hugh Fitz Ralph is tenant, under -the Barony of Cecilia de Creveceur, of lands in Ashby, Tetford, -etc. Other documents lead us back a little further, as an -“Assize Roll,” of date <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1202, says that the property came -from Matilda de Creveceur, who was the daughter and heir of -Gislebert Fitz Gozelin, who held lands at <a -name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>Bag Enderby, -etc., and this last is named as owner in Domesday Book.</p> -<p>Another name now appears. By an Assize Roll of 9 Edw. I. -(<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1280), Thomas de Houton -claims of Robert de Kirketon, and Beatrix his wife, certain -“rents and appurtenances in Ashby next Greetham -(<i>i.e.</i>, Ashby Puerorum), Stainsby,” etc.</p> -<p>The Kirketon family would seem eventually to have acquired a -part of the manor of Ashby Puerorum, and from them it passed to -Lord Cromwell of Tattershall. A Chancery Inquisition, held -at Horncastle in 1453, shews that the College at Tattershall held -the advowsons of Ashby Puerorum, Wood Enderby, Moorby, and -several other benefices. By an Inquisition of the same date -and place, the Jurors state that the Manors of Ashby Puerorum and -certain other places belong to the Earl of Albemarle. After -that, at the Dissolution of Religious Houses (Tattershall College -being one), the King granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, -most of their lands in the neighbourhood, including those in -Ashby Puerorum. This brings us down to 1539. In -course of time a general process of dissolution also took place -in ownership of land. The lands owned in this parish by the -Brandons, were sold (22 Elizabeth, <i>i.e.</i>, in 1580) to James -Prescott, gentleman, who married a daughter of Sir Richard -Molineux, Knight. He had a son, John, whose widow married -Lord Willoughby of Parham (Architect. S. Journal vol. xxiii., pp. -128, 9). By a Feet of Fines, held at Lincoln, of the same -date, it is shewn that George Gedney, Esq., and his descendents, -also had lands in this parish in 20 Henry VII. (<span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1504), etc. (Ibidem. p. 27.) -All these lands ultimately passed to Tattershall College. -But even before that date it would appear, by a Chancery -Inquisition, held at Lincoln, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1504, that Joan Eland, <a name="citation4"></a><a -href="#footnote4" class="citation">[4]</a> the widow of Thomas -Gedney, held lands in Ashby Puerorum, Somersby, and other near -places.</p> -<p><a name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 5</span>Another -prominent family now appears as owning the manor of, or at least -considerable lands in, Ashby Puerorum, viz., the -Wentworths. A tradition remains that Thomas Wentworth, Earl -of Strafford, in the reign of Charles I., and one of his -Sovereign’s most faithful adherents, owned the manor of -Greetham. I have not been able fully to verify this, but a -lease of that parish was granted in 1685 (see my account of -Greetham) to Sir William Wentworth, Knight, of Ashby Puerorum, -who was son of Sir William Wentworth, who fell at the battle of -Marston Moor, fighting for Charles I. The Parish Award -shows that Thomas, Earl of Strafford, was Lord of the Manor in -1705. (“Architect. Soc. Journal,” 1891.)</p> -<p>The succession of the Wentworths to this property probably -came about in this wise. We have seen that it passed from -the Kirketons <a name="citation5"></a><a href="#footnote5" -class="citation">[5]</a> to Lord Cromwell, and the Cromwells were -succeeded, through a marriage on the female side, by the -Fortescues; and Camden (“Britannia,” p. 266, ed. -1695) tells us that a daughter of Sir Adrian Fortescue (who was -attainted) being heiress of her mother, married the first Baron -Wentworth.</p> -<p>The Wentworths were a very ancient family. They are now -represented by the Earls Fitzwilliam, one of whose names is -Wentworth, and they own the princely residence of Wentworth -Castle, near Rotherham. They trace their descent from Saxon -Royalty, in the person of their ancestor, Sir William Fitz -Godric, cousin to King Edward the Confessor. -(“Beauties of England. Yorkshire,” p. 838.)</p> -<p>It is worthy of note that one of this family, accompanying -William the Conqueror to England, fought so valiantly at the -battle of Hastings that William gave him a scarf from his own arm -(presumably), to stanch a wound. Drake, the historian, in -his “Eboracensis,” gives plates of the Wentworth -monuments in York Cathedral. The Barony of Wentworth still -survives in the present Lord Wentworth, of Wentworth House, -Chelsea, its creation dating from 1529.</p> -<p>We have now done with the Wentworths. Their property at -Ashby descended, towards the end of the <a name="page6"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 6</span>18th century, to Mr. Stevens Dineley -Totton, from whom it passed to Earl Manvers and the Coltman -family.</p> -<p>We now take the hamlet of Stainsby, which lies to the -north-east, distant about a mile, on the right of the road to -Somersby. This was formerly the chief seat, in this -neighbourhood, of the Littlebury family. We mention them in -our Records of various other parishes. There are mural -monuments of them in both Somersby Church and that of Ashby -Puerorum; the former is a small brass, about 10in, broad by 14in. -high, having a kneeling figure of George Littlebury, with the -inscription, “Here lyeth George Littleburie of Somersbie, -7th sonne of Thomas Littleburie of Stainsbie, who died the 13th -daye of October, in ye yeare of our Lord 1612, being about the -age of 73 yeares.” The Littleburys were a very old -family, coming originally from Littlebury Manor, near Saffron -Walden, in the county of Essex, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1138. One of them was Chief -Justice of England. Subsequently they had a fine residence -at Holbeach Hurn, in South Lincolnshire, and large property in -many other places. We have spoken already of the Kirketons, -as connected with Ashby Puerorum and Sir Humphrey Littlebury, -Knight, whose name appears in the Sheriffs List, in 1324, married -Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir John Kirkton (or Kirton), -and so became Lord of Holbeach. Sir John Littlebury <a -name="citation6a"></a><a href="#footnote6a" -class="citation">[6a]</a> married a daughter of Thomas Meeres, an -old and wealthy family, also of Kirton, <a -name="citation6b"></a><a href="#footnote6b" -class="citation">[6b]</a> and it would seem that it was through -this marriage with the Kirtons of Kirton the Littleburys came to -Stainsby. Sir Humphrey was buried in Holbeach Church, where -there is a very fine tomb of him, now in the north aisle, but -formerly “before the altar.” The effigy is that -of a knight, encased in armour, the hands joined in prayer, the -head resting on a woman’s head, which is enclosed in a net, -the feet being supported by a lion. The sides are covered -with roses, and there are four niches, with canopies, which -probably held figures on a smaller scale. Two views of it -are given by C. A. Stoddard, in his “Monumental Effigies of -Great Britain” (London, 4to., 1817). The actual date -of the <a name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -7</span>Littleburys coming to Stainsby cannot be exactly -ascertained, but they were there in the reign of Henry VIII.</p> -<p>A small proprietor in Stainsby is named in a Chancery -Inquisition, 19 Henry VII., No. 20 (<i>i.e.</i>, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1503), viz., John H. Etton, who, -besides several other lands, held “one messuage and four -cottages in Bag Enderby, Stanesby and Someresby,” which -lands also passed to Tattershall College. -(“Architect. Soc. Journal,” xxiii., p. 21.)</p> -<p>Stainsby (let not my readers be alarmed, for witches and -warlocks are out of fashion in this unimaginative, or sceptical, -age) has not been without its supernatural associations. I -here give a colloquy held, not many months ago, with a quondam -resident. (J. C. W. loquitur. F. C. respondet). -“Well, C., did you ever hear of a ghost at -Stainsby?” “Aye, that I did, mony a year -sin’. When I were young, I lived i’ them parts, -and I heard o’ one oftens.” “Did you ever -see it yourself?” “Noa, I never seed it me-sen, -but I knowed several as did.” “Where was it -seen?” “Why, i’ mony places.” -“Tell me one or two.” “Well, it were seen -about Stayensby, haaf a mile afore ye come to Somersby, and it -were seen about the esh-planting (notice the ‘esh,’ -the old Danish pronunciation still surviving, the Danish for -Ashby being Eshe-by), just afore ye go down to the brig -o’er the beck.” “Can you name anyone who -saw it?” “O, many on ’em, specially gean -the brig.” “Name someone.” -“Well, a waggoner living at Bag Enderby.” -“What was it like?” “Well, a misty -kin’ o’ thing. Ye could make nayther heead nor -taal on it, only ye knew it was there, and it flitted -unaccountable.” <a name="citation7"></a><a -href="#footnote7" class="citation">[7]</a></p> -<p><a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 8</span>I will -here give a few extracts from old documents connected with former -owners, which may be of interest from their peculiarity, or -otherwise.</p> -<p>John Gedney, of Bag Enderby, in his will, dated 14 June, 1535, -mentions his lands in Ashby Puerorum and other parishes.</p> -<p>Margaret Littlebury, widow of Thos. Littlebury, Esq., of -Stainsby, by her will, of date 2 January, 1582, requests that she -may be buried in the Church of Ashby Puerorum, “near unto -my husband.” She bequeaths to the poor of the parish, -as also of Greetham, Salmonby, Somersby, Bag Enderby, and Hagg, -the lease of the Parsonage of Maidenwell; a sheepwalk there to -her sons George and Edward; to her daughter Anne, wife of Thomas -Grantham, £10 (N.B.—The Granthams still survive); to -her daughter, Elizabeth Fitzwilliam (a good family), £10; -to her daughter, Katherine Wythornwyke, £5; to Thomas -Dighton, son of Christopher Dighton, deceased (a family connected -with several parishes), £10; “to Francis Atkinson, my -warrener, 20s.” (“warrener” probably equivalent -to gamekeeper). She refers to a schedule of plate, etc., -bequeathed by her late husband to his deceased son, Humphrey, to -be handed over to his son Thomas. She was a daughter of -John St. Paul, of Snarford.</p> -<p>Thomas Littlebury, of Ashby, by will, proved June 10th, 1590, -bequeathed to his wife Katherine £100, and “one -goblett with gylte cover, two ‘tunnes’ (<i>i.e.</i>, -cups) parcel gilte, 6 silver spoons of the best, my gylte salte I -bought of my uncle Kelke, with a cover.” (The Kelkes -were related to the Kirtons of Kirkton). Then follow a -number of bequests of property in various parts of the -county. The husband makes his executors “my -father-in-law, Charles Dymoke, my cousins Andrew Gedney and -Thomas Copledike.” (N.B.—These are the -Copledikes, of whom so many monuments exist in Harrington -Church.)</p> -<p>George Littlebury, of Somersby, by will, dated 10 Sept., 1612, -requests to be buried “in the Queare of Somersby -Church,” and leaves 2s. to it, and 1s. to Ashby Church, and -1s. to Lincoln Cathedral. He wishes a stone to be placed -over his grave, and his arms set in the wall, as his -father’s were at Ashby. (N.B.—Both these stones -and brasses still exist.)</p> -<p>When the Spanish Armada was expected, among the <a -name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>gentry who -contributed to the defence of the country, at the Horncastle -Sessions, 1586–7, was “John Littlebury of -Hagworthingham Esq. ij. light horse.” At the same -time “Thomas Littlebery of Staynsby Esq. [furnished] j. -launce [and] j. light horse.” At the -“Rising” in Lincolnshire (1536) against Henry VIII., -on the Dissolution of the Monasteries, a previous John Littlebury -was just deceased, but his son Humphrey took part in it, as also -did Robert Littlebury, who was probably a son of Thomas -Littlebury, of Stainsby.</p> -<p>The Littleburys and the Langtons of Langton intermarried more -than once. In the reign of Henry VIII., Rose, daughter of -John Littlebury of Hagworthingham, married John Langton, and in -the next century (about 1620) Troth. daughter of Thomas -Littlebury of Ashby Puerorum, married a son of Sir John Langton, -Knt., High Sheriff of Lincolnshire. (“Architect. Soc. -Journal,” vol. xxii., pp. 166–7). Probably it -was owing to this connection that we find that Sir John Langton, -of Langton, by his will, dated 25 Sept., 1616, leaves 20s. to the -poor of Ashby, Langton, and several other places. -(N.B.—I am indebted for these particulars to -“Lincolnshire Wills,” edited by Canon Maddison of -Lincoln.)</p> -<p>The second half of the name of this parish of Ashby Puerorum -is derived from the fact that the rent of certain lands in the -parish were assigned towards the support of the choristers of -Lincoln Cathedral, which is now raised by a general rate of the -parish, and, accordingly, the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln are -patrons of the benefice, a vicarage <a name="citation9"></a><a -href="#footnote9" class="citation">[9]</a> which is now held by -the Rev. Robert Ward, who resides at Hagworthingham.</p> -<p>One of the early Norman Barons, probably Gislebert Fitz -Gozelin, erected here a gallows (Hundred Rolls, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1275). The site of this is not -now known, unless it may be traced in a part of the parish lying -in an easterly direction from the village, and named -“Knowles,” possibly a corruption for “Knoll -Hill,” a rising ground on which a gallows might well be -placed as a conspicuous warning <a name="page10"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 10</span>for future would-be offenders. -A lane in the parish is called Galley Lane, which again may point -to the former gallows.</p> -<p>Another field-name in the parish is not without interest, -viz., Peaseholme. We have Peasedale gate (<i>i.e.</i>, -road) in Hameringham, Peasegate Lane at Spilsby, Peasewang -(<i>i.e.</i>, field) in High Toynton, and similar names in Louth -and elsewhere. All these are indicating the general use of -pulse as an article of diet in those early times.</p> -<p>Near the western end of the village is a farm named -“Clapgate,” so called because the fugitive Royalists, -after the battle of Winceby (Oct. 11, 1643), kept a neighbouring -gate clapping all night in their haste to escape. Near this -is a footpath across the fields, which leads to Holbeck Lodge, -and here again, till recently, survived the same name, -“Clapgate,” because there was formerly a gate near -Holbeck Lodge, on the now high road to Salmonby, which was also -kept in motion by other fugitives, to the disturbance of the -slumbers of those living near. And this brings us to -Holbeck, the other hamlet comprised in the parish of Ashby -Puerorum, commonly described as “an extra-parochial -liberty.”</p> -<p>The name Holbeck contains two Danish, or Norse, -elements. “Hol” implies a hollow, connected -with our word “hole.” We have it in the German -Swiss Eulenthal, or hollow dale. “Beck” is -Norse, corresponding to the German “bach,” as in -Schwabach, Staubbach, Reichenbach, etc. Thus Holbech means -a beck or stream running through a hollow. <a -name="citation10"></a><a href="#footnote10" -class="citation">[10]</a> The name Holbeck still exists in -Denmark. Thus we have a name, like so many (as already -remarked) in the vicinity, shewing the great immigration of Danes -in this neighbourhood. There is also a Holbeck near Leeds, -to which the Danes, who came up the Humber, extended their -settlements. At the back, to the north of the present -Holbeck Hall, is the rising ground named “Hoe -Hill.” This again indicates the same. <a -name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 11</span>The How, or -Hoe, is probably the Norse “Hof,” a holy place (found -in such names as Ivanhoe, Ivinghoe, Piddinghoe, etc.), or it may -have been the Norse “Haughr,” a burial place. -In that case it may have been held sacred as the burial place of -some Viking chief, who led his followers in their invasion of the -district. It may be described as a truncated, and rather -obtuse, cone, with a dyke, or scarpment, running round it, like a -collar round the neck. There is a How Hill near -Harrogate. We have also Silver-how, Bull-how, and -Scale-how, which were probably the burial places of the chiefs -Solvar, Boll, and Skall. But whether or not it once served -these purposes, there can be little doubt that it has been a -Danish encampment, and probably a stronghold of the Briton at a -still earlier period. The dyke would form the outer defence -of the height above, from which to charge down upon an enemy, -laboriously breasting the hill, with overwhelming advantage to -the defenders. Geologically, Hoe Hill is interesting, the -ironstone, of which it is composed, being so totally different -from the sandstone of Holbeck below. These lower rocks are -said to be still the haunt of that much-baited, but harmless -animal, the badger.</p> -<p>As to former owners of Holbeck, old title deeds show that it -was formerly the property of Augusta Ann Hatfield Kaye, sister of -Frederick Thomas, Earl of Stafford, who also, as we have seen, -was lord of the manor of Ashby. She died at Wentworth -Castle, and was buried at St. John’s Church, Wakefield, May -4, 1802, as I am informed by the present owner, F. W. S. Heywood, -Esq. Old documents, still existing, show that the house at -Holbeck was formerly called “The Grange,” and from -this we may fairly infer that, before the Dissolution of the -Monasteries, it was a “Grange,” or dependency, of -Tattershall College, which owned other lands in Ashby. The -site was well adapted for a monastic house, as they invariably -chose a position near water, this being necessary for the supply -of fish, which formed so large a portion of their diet when -fasting days were so many.</p> -<p>Like some other parts of this parish, Holbeck also passed, at -a later period, into the ownership of Mr. Stevens Dineley Totton, -from whom Mr. John Fardell, of the Chantry, Lincoln, and formerly -M.P. for that city, purchased this manor, about 1830. He -took down the old <a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -12</span>residence, then a farmhouse, occupied by a Mr. Hewson, -several of whose family are buried in the churchyard at Ashby, -and built Holbeck Lodge, forming also the three lakes out of an -extent of morass traversed by a brook, or beck. Portions of -the old stables and outhouses still remain, but an interesting -old circular dovecote <a name="citation12a"></a><a -href="#footnote12a" class="citation">[12a]</a> was removed. -There was, at that time, a watermill and cottage at the lower end -of the lake. <a name="citation12b"></a><a href="#footnote12b" -class="citation">[12b]</a></p> -<p>The Lodge was subsequently bought by a Mr. Betts, but, through -mortgages, it became the inheritance of a Miss Cunliffe, from -whom Mr. Heywood recently bought it. This gentleman has -made considerable improvements and additions to the residence, -and one or two interesting discoveries have been made. In -sinking a well there was found, at a depth of 20ft., an old key; -also, as workmen were trying to trace a drain under the lawn, one -of them dropped into a hollow below, where arches were found, -apparently of ancient vaults. <a name="citation12c"></a><a -href="#footnote12c" class="citation">[12c]</a> The monks of -old knew what was meant by a good cellar, and these probably -formed a part of the original monastic institution.</p> -<p>I now proceed to a description of the church of Ashby in the -words of the late learned Precentor Venables, who gave it, on the -visit of the Architectural Society in 1894 (which I -conducted). “The chancel was restored in 1869 by the -Patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. The rest was -restored in 1877. The fabric consists of nave, north aisle -chancel, porch, and western tower, having 2 bells. The main -building is of the Early English style. A lancet window -still remains in the south wall, and at the west end of the -aisle. The other windows of the nave are mostly -Perpendicular. On the south side of the chancel is a -two-light square-headed window of the Decorated period. The -arcade has two chamfered arches, on low cylindrical <a -name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 13</span>piers. -The tower is low, of Perpendicular style, the green sandstone, -picturesquely patched with brick, giving a mellowed tint to the -whole. The west doorway is well proportioned, and the -three-light Perpendicular window above it, and the tower arch are -plain, but good. The font is plain octagonal. On the -south wall is a brass to Richard Littlebury, of Stainsby, who -died <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1521, also his wife -Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Edmund Jenny, died in 1523, and their -ten children. <a name="citation13"></a><a href="#footnote13" -class="citation">[13]</a> Haines says that this brass was -not cut till 1560, at the same time with another of a knight in -armour, without inscription, probably one of the six sons. -In the pavement is a very fine incised slab of blue marble, -representing a priest in Eucharistic vestments, with chalice on -his breast. The head, hands, chalice, and other portions -were of brass, but have disappeared.” An interesting -discovery was made in this parish rather more than 100 years ago, -a description of which I here give in the words of Saunders -(“Hist. County Lincoln,” vol. ii., p. 170, 1), who -gives particulars more fully than any other authority I have been -able to consult. “On the 26th of October, 1794, a -labourer, cutting a ditch (the actual site is not given) -discovered at a depth of three feet below the surface a Roman -sepulchre, consisting of a stone chest, in which was deposited an -urn of strong glass, well manufactured, but of a greenish hue; -the chest was of freestone, such as is found in abundance on -Lincoln heath. When found the urn was perfect and had not -suffered any of that decay which generally renders the surface of -Roman glass of a pearly or opaline hue, for the surface was as -smooth as if it had newly come from the fire. This -receptacle was nearly filled with small pieces of bone, many of -which, from the effects of ignition, were white through their -whole substance; and among the fragments was a small lacrymatory -of very thin, and very green, glass, which had probably been -broken through the curiosity of the finder, as he acknowledged -his having poured out the contents upon the grass in the hope of -finding money, before he took it to his employer. The -circumstances attending this sepulchre clearly prove it to have -been Roman. It is, however, singular that the place chosen -was not, as was <a name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -14</span>customary with that people, near to a highway, and that -it does not appear to have been the burial place of a family, -since, although the trench was dug quite across the field, no -traces of a body having been buried in any other part of it were -observed. . . . No traces of the Romans have been observed here . -. . except that some coins of brass or copper were dug up in an -orchard at Stainsby, said to have been Roman, but as they were -not preserved this must remain doubtful. . . . The locality, -however, is so adapted, for various reasons, to the Roman villa, -that Sir Joseph Banks, in an article communicated to -‘Archæologia,’ vol. xii., p. 36, thought it -‘not improbable that such a residence might some day be -discovered, the Roman town of Banovallum being so near, with a -number of Roman roads branching through the -country.’”</p> -<p>The name of Stainsby itself indicates a considerable -antiquity, meaning the stones-farm. This may have been from -stepping-stones over the Somersby beck, near at hand or from some -quarry of the sandstone in the vicinity, still so largely -used. The stones were evidently the distinguishing feature -of the locality.</p> -<p>P.S.—The writer is requested to say that he is in error -in connecting the family of Coltman of Ashby with that of the -Pocklington Coltman of Hagnaby, the two being quite distinct.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Asterby</span>.</h3> -<p>Asterby is situated about 6½ miles from Horncastle in a -north-easterly direction, being approached by the road to -Scamblesby and Louth, but diverging from that road northward -shortly before reaching Scamblesby. The Rector is the Rev. -J. Graham, J.P., who has a substantial residence, erected at a -cost of £1,200 in 1863, and standing on the slope of a hill -in good grounds. Letters, <i>viâ</i> Lincoln, arrive -at 10 a.m.</p> -<p>Not much can be gathered of the early history of this -parish. It is named in <i>Domesday Book</i> Estreby; this -may mean the “buy,” byre, or farmstead, of the Saxon -Thane Estori. But, according to another interpretation, the -three elements of the name are As, or Aes, tre and by; <a -name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span>the first of -these implying “water,” the second “a -way” or “passage,” the third a -“homestead,” the whole thus meaning the Homestead by -the water-way; and so probably referring to the river Bain, which -forms the boundary between this parish and Ranby; its breed of -trout being not unknown to anglers of our own day.</p> -<p>According to the Domesday survey this manor belonged to the -Norman noble Ivo Taillebois, doubtless through his marriage with -the Saxon heiress of the Thorolds, the Lady Lucia. And she -conveyed to the Priory of Spalding certain -“temporalities,” <i>i.e.</i>, rents of lands, here, -as well as at Scamblesby; her uncle Thorold, Vice-Comes, or -Sheriff, of Lincolnshire, being the founder of that institution, -and she herself one of its chief benefactors. In the Priory -Charters this parish is also called Esterby.</p> -<p>Ivo, however, was only this lady’s first husband, and, -as is mentioned in the “Notes” on various other -parishes with which he was connected, he died without issue; and -on her re-marrying, <a name="citation15a"></a><a -href="#footnote15a" class="citation">[15a]</a> her great -possessions passed to the Romara family, subsequently to the -Gaunts, and were then gradually broken up, and dispersed among -their various descendants. Only a few fragmentary records -of former owners can now be found.</p> -<p>By Will dated 31st July, 1585, Edmund Dighton, of Little -Sturton, leaves lands in Asterby and elsewhere to his son Robert, -and also his leases of land held by grant of the late Abbot of -Kirkstead, and a house called Beadway Hall. The -Dighton’s were a wealthy family, originally engaged in -commerce in Lincoln, but afterwards acquiring considerable -property in various parts of the county, and taking a good -position. The headquarters of the family were at the Old -Hall, of which traces still remain, in Little Stourton; a -daughter of Thomas Dighton “of that ilk” married -Edward, 2nd son of the 1st Earl of Lincoln, of that line, temp. -Elizabeth; she eventually, on the death of his eldest brother, -becoming Countess of Lincoln. <a name="citation15b"></a><a -href="#footnote15b" class="citation">[15b]</a></p> -<p>Elizabeth Hansard, of Gayton-le-Wold, widow, by her Will, -dated 17th March, 1591, makes her father, John Jackson, of -Asterby, executor, and the guardian of her children, Edward, -Margaret, and Mary Hansard; and leaves all her property to them, -except 20s. each to her <a name="page16"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 16</span>brother Thomas Jackson, and her -brother-in-law William Hansard. These Hansards, a knightly -family located in this county at South Kelsey (also of Beesthorpe -and Thornton), were of very old extraction; tracing their descent -from Ughtred, Earl of Northumberland in the reign of Edmund -Ironsides, who came to the throne <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 016. <a name="citation16"></a><a -href="#footnote16" class="citation">[16]</a> South Kelsey, -their chief seat, passed to the old family of the Ayscoughs, by -the marriage of Sir Francis Ayscough to the Hansard heiress, -Elizabeth, in the middle of the 16th century. Both Hansards -and Ayscoughs were connected with many of the leading county -families.</p> -<p>John Guevera, of Stenigot, by Will dated 18th March, 1607, -leaves his manor of Stenigot and all his premises in Asterby -(certain portions being excepted) to his “Sonne Francis, -his heir apparent, on his coming of age,” and specifies -that “till then he be held content by Sir Nicholas -Saunderson, knight, of Fillingham, and Captaine Henrie Guevera, -of Barwick.” These Gueveras were of Spanish origin, -probably coming to England in the train of Catharine of Arragon, -or in attendance on King Philip of Spain, Queen Mary’s -husband. Spain was then a flourishing country, and they -soon acquired property, and took their position among the landed -gentry, Francis Guevera being named among the Herald’s List -of Gentry in 1634. Sir Nicholas Saunderson, here named, of -Fillingham, was grandson of Nicholas Saunderson, of Reasby, in -the parish of Stainton-by-Langworth. He was made a baronet -in 1612, and Viscount Castleton in 1628. The family was -involved in the Lincolnshire Rebellion of 1536. The manor, -and greater part of the parish, are now in the hands of trustees -of the Trafford family, who are also patrons of the -benefice. Messrs. W. Pinning and Benjamin Harrison are also -landowners, and Mr. James Walter has a large and picturesque -farmhouse with good grounds and surroundings.</p> -<p>The church, dedicated to St. Peter, was for some years in an -unsatisfactory condition, but during recent years it has been -gradually undergoing restoration. It was formerly larger -than it is now, having had a north aisle. The tower was -half taken down towards the close of the 18th century, and -rebuilt, the plinth of the tower buttress on the south side of -the west door being said to be the original one of the <a -name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>12th -century. There are three bells. In 1896 the chancel -was taken down and extended about 6ft. in length, the interior -face of the walls being constructed of rubbed sandstone, in -courses obtained from a quarry in the parish. The exterior -character of the old work was carefully preserved, and a dressed -stone plinth-course inserted. The old east window with -wooden framework was removed and a stone traceried window -introduced, filled with tinted glass. The floor was paved -with encaustic tiles in place of ordinary bricks, and the -communion table raised 18 inches above the body of the church, by -three steps. A new altar rail of oak, with standard of -wrought-iron and brass, was put up, and the roof was made of open -timbers covered with match boards and slates. This work was -done by Mr. R. Mawer, builder, of Louth, under the direction of -Messrs. Mortimer and Son, architects, of Lincoln. The -entire cost was defrayed by the present rector. Since then -other improvements have been effected. The tower, in a -dangerous condition, was partly taken down in 1898, and the bells -rehung in new oak framework. A handsome altar cloth was -presented by Lady Wigan. The nave floor has now boards in -place of the old damp and unsightly bricks. It has been -supplied with new seating of pitchpine. This work was -entrusted to Messrs. Thompson & Sons, of Louth, and is -thoroughly satisfactory. Inspired by these efforts, a -generous donor, Mrs. Woodall, presented a massive oak lectern in -memory of her parents who for many years worshipped in this -church, and the whole fabric is now at length, through the -exertions of the rector, liberally seconded by Mrs. Graham, a -credit to the parish. Old features of interest in the -church are the chancel arch, which is Early English; and in the -south chancel wall, near the reading desk, is also a three-light -Early English window, containing some fragments of very old -glass, the new east window being a copy of this. In the -north wall of the nave are two bays of the former aisle blocked -up, with a grinning figurehead between the arches. In a -frame affixed to the north wall is the text, from Eccl. v., 1, -“Keep thy foot when thou goest to the house of God, and be -more ready to hear than to give the sacrifice of -fools.” The font is old, having an octagonal bowl, -with plain shields on each face, the shaft also being <a -name="page18"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 18</span>octagonal and -standing on a pediment of three steps. In the south wall of -the chancel, outside, is a mutilated slab bearing an inscription -in memory of “Samson Meanwell, who departed this life Feb. -17, 1744, in ye 63 yeare of his age.” Nearly opposite -the west door is a very old yew-tree, which may well have -supplied the village archers with their bows in the days of -Crecy, Poictiers, and Agincourt. The benefice is now held -jointly with that of Goulceby. It was formerly in the gift -of the Dymokes. Dame Jane Dymoke presented in 1711 and -1725. She also gave church plate. The patronage then -passed to the Crown, who presented in 1771 and 1784, after which -the Trafford Southwell family acquired it, with the manor, and -presented in 1807.</p> -<p>Near the church is a field named Hall Close, where there are -traces of a large residence; and here, about the year 1821, were -dug up three human skeletons and an ancient dagger.</p> -<p>The poor of the parish have the benefit of a bequest made by -Anthony Acham, for them, and for those of Goulceby; who also, in -1638, founded a school for the two parishes, with Stenigot.</p> -<p>We have only to add that the pilgrim to Asterby, who has an -eye for rural scenery, will be gratified on his way thither by an -extent of view not often to be found. He can take in, at -one and the same moment, a prospect reaching almost 30 miles, -including Lincoln Cathedral and miles beyond it to the -north-west; and embracing Heckington and other fine church -spires, with Tattershall Castle to the south-west, and extensive -woods, corn fields, and meads to vary the scenes between.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Baumber</span>.</h3> -<p>Baumber, or Bamburgh, lies on the old Roman road, from -Horncastle to Lincoln, about 4 miles to the north-west from the -former place, and half-a-mile from the point where another Roman -road furcates northward for Caistor; it is thus somewhat -interestingly connected with the three ancient Roman stations, -Lindum, Banovallum, and Caistor (Castrum). Its own name, in -the older form, Bam-burg doubtless means the “Burg,” -or fort, on the Bain; as it <a name="page19"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 19</span>stands on high ground above the -valley of the Bain, and commands what would formerly be a ford of -that river at Hemingby, through which there passes a branch line -of road, running due east from Baumber, and stretching into the -wold hills, being doubtless also a Roman structure.</p> -<p>Baumber has had some interesting associations in the -past. In Domesday Book it is reckoned among the possessions -of the Norman Ivo Tayle-bois, nephew of William the Conqueror, -Earl of Anjou, and chief of the Angevin auxiliaries of -William’s army. Through his wife, the Lady Lucia, the -Saxon heiress of Earl Alf-gar, who was given to him in marriage -by the Conqueror, he acquired very large possessions in -Lincolnshire and elsewhere. He was of a very tyrannical -disposition; his chief residence being near Croyland Abbey. -The Historian Ingulphus records of him, that he “tortured, -harrassed, annoyed, and imprisoned their people”; that -“he chased their cattle with his dogs, driving them into -the marsh pools, where they were drowned; cut off their ears, or -their tails; broke their backs, or their legs; and made them -useless.” When the world was relieved of him by an -early death, he was not mourned by his Saxon wife, or anyone -else. Another historian, Peter de Blois, says, -“Hardly had one month elapsed after his death, when the -Lady Lucia married that illustrious young man, Roger de Romara, -and entirely lost all recollection of Ivo Tayle-bois”; and -he bursts into a volley of imprecations, to this -effect:—“What does it now profit thee, O Ivo! ever -most blood-thirsty, thus to have risen against the Lord? -Unto the earth hast thou fallen, numbered with the dead; in a -moment of time thou hast descended to hell, a successor of the -old Adam, a frail potsherd, a heap of ashes, a hide of carrion, a -vessel of putrefaction, the food of worms, the laughing-stock of -those who survive, the refuse of the inhabitants of heaven, the -avowed enemy of the servants of God; and now, as we have reason -to suppose, an alien and exile from the congregations of saints, -and for thine innumerable misdeeds, worthy to be sent into outer -darkness.” <a name="citation19"></a><a href="#footnote19" -class="citation">[19]</a></p> -<p><a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>Such -was one of the proprietors of Baumber, but he was not the only -one; as Domesday mentions another, and larger, and more worthy, -land owner in the person of Gilbert de Gaunt, who succeeded, -“by right,” or, more strictly speaking, by -confiscation, to all the property of the Saxon Tonna; while -another Saxon, Ulf, had also an estate in the parish. This -Gilbert de Gaunt founded Bardney Abbey; and, when he died, was -buried there.</p> -<p>The Lady Lucia was Countess of Chester and Lincoln; and at a -later period, Baumber, including the hamlet of Sturton Parva, -would seem to have been mainly divided between the family of the -Earls of Lincoln, more recently created Dukes of Newcastle, and -the wealthy family of the Dightons. Both had residences in -or near this parish. A daughter of Thomas Dighton, and his -heiress married Edward Clinton, second son of the first Earl of -Lincoln of that line (temp. Elizabeth), and on failure of issue -to the elder brother, this Edward succeeded to the Earldom. -Many generations of the Clintons were buried here; but towards -the end of the 18th century, the Clinton property was sold by the -third Duke to Mr. Thomas Livesey, of Blackburn, Lancashire, <a -name="citation20"></a><a href="#footnote20" -class="citation">[20]</a> whose son, the late Joseph Livesey, -Esq. erected a large mansion in 1810, which again was almost -rebuilt, and considerably enlarged in 1873–5. A large -part of the parish now belongs to the Vyner family of -Gautby. The Baumber register dates from 1691. One -entry is “June 20th, 1730, the Corpse of the Right -Honourable, the Right Noble, Lord George Clinton, Earl of -Lincoln, was interred.”</p> -<p>The Church is dedicated to St. Swithun. The west door is -a good specimen of Norman work, with dog-tooth pattern running -round the semi-circular arch, in bass relief; the capital of its -south pillar has a head, with serpents whispering into each -ear. The north capital is a conventional acanthus. -The inner eastern door of the tower is also Norman, but -plain. The Nave has north and south aisles of three bays; -the eastern-most column of the north arcade, under the removable -flooring of the Vicar’s seat, has the original round Norman -plinth, the only one preserved. The Church of stone was -cased in brick, in the early part of the eighteenth century -(1736), when <a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -21</span>the present large, perpendicular windows were placed in -the north and south walls, three in each. Placed against -the west wall, south of the west entrance, is a large slab, -commemorating John Ealand, who died in 1463, and his wives Alice -and Elizabeth. This was formerly in the floor of the north -aisle. Above is a tablet in memory of members of the family -of J. Bainbridge Smith, D.D., formerly Vicar, as well as Rector -of Sotby, and of Martin, and Headmaster of the Horncastle Grammar -School. The Font is octagonal and massive, but plain. -There is a handsome oak lectern with eagle on swivels, the gift -of Mrs. Taylor Sharpe, of Baumber Park, in memory of her eldest -son, who died in 1891. The pose of the eagle is very -natural.</p> -<p>In the south aisle, and over the west entrance are hatchments -of the Clintons.</p> -<p>In the chancel, the east window is blocked up; there are two -windows in the north wall, one in the south wall, the second -having been removed when a vestry was erected, and it now forms -the vestry window. On each side, east of the chancel arch, -are remains of massive early English pillars. South of -communion table are three plain sedilia of wood. North of -the table, a blue slate slab in the floor, with the Clinton arms, -covers the vault, in which sixteen of the Clinton family are -interred. Another slab close by, commemorates -“Francis Clinton, alias Fynes, Esq., grandson of Henry Lord -Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, who departed this life, February 5th, -<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1681.” On the -south, a slab commemorates his wife, “who died, February -15th, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1679.” A -communion chair, of very solid construction, was carved out of a -beam formerly in Tattershall Castle. There are some remains -of a former rood screen, “Arch. Journ.,” 1890, p. -206.</p> -<p>Mr. Weir, in his History of Lincolnshire (vol. I., p. 299, -Ed., 1828), says that portions of the former residence of the -Earls of Lincoln were at that date still standing, near the -modern mansion of the Liveseys. Then the latter was -re-constructed in 1873–5, the furniture and other -arrangements, were of a very costly character. The present -writer, with an acquaintance of the family, had the privilege of -being shewn over the whole house, by the lady of the house, -shortly after its completion. It might be called a -repertoire of valuable works of art and vertu, in furniture, -books, paintings, stuffed birds, and animals, <a -name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 22</span>among the -latter being the famous lion “Nero,” from the -Zoo. The owner, being devoted to engineering and mechanical -operations, had one room, of which the walls were covered with -clocks, of endless kinds, with various elaborate mechanism, such -as cocks crowing, horns blowing, etc., etc., for chiming the -hours. All these came to the hammer in 1891. Even the -economy of the farm yard was elaborate. To give one -instance:—At the back of the cattle sheds, ran a tramway of -small trucks; doors opened at the back of the crib of each stall, -and the trucks conveyed the exact modicum of provender, and it -was injected into each separate crib, periodically, for the -animals which were there fed. The lake in the park was -formed from a small stream running through the grounds, it is -well stocked with fish of various kinds, especially affording -sport to the troller by the abundance of fine pike. It was -originally stocked, as tradition avers, from the Moat of Langton -Rectory, now no longer existing, but formerly of considerable -size, and connected with a large pond, where fish of many kinds -abounded. The vicarage is a substantial residence, with -good garden, erected in 1857, on a site presented by Robert -Vyner, Esq.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Belchford</span>.</h3> -<p>Belchford is one of our largest villages, lying at a distance -of about 5 miles from Horncastle, in a north-east direction, and -buried in a valley among the wolds. It was anciently among -the possessions of the Conqueror’s nephew, Ivo Tailebois, -which he acquired by his marriage with the Lady Lucia, the -wealthy heiress of the Thorolds. Tithes and territory here -were assigned by her to the Abbey of Croyland, as well as to its -cell, the branch Priory of Spalding. There were two mills -here, valued in Domesday book, at 18s. 8d. yearly. The -acreage is large; Ivo had five carucates in demesne, or some 600 -acres, while villeins, bordars, and soc-men, occupied nine -carucates, or about 1080 acres; there were 360 acres of meadows, -and six carucates (720 acres) reateable to gelt. The arable -land was a mile long, and a mile broad, which was a large -proportion. The acreage is now 2480, the population <a -name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 23</span>more than -400. By an indenture, 28th October, 1641, we find Sir -Thomas Glemham owning lands in Belchford and Oxcombe, as well as -other places, which he sold to Sir Matthew Lister, and his -brother Martin Lister, subsequently the Listers of Burwell -Park. The Listers, however, sold the Belchford lands again -to Sir Thomas Hartopp, about 20 years later. Mr. Robert -Charles de Grey Vyner is now Lord of the Manor, but much of the -land belongs to the Epton, Reed, and other families. At the -inclosure, land left by Henry Neave to the poor, was exchanged -for two acres, now let for £5 15s., which is distributed -among the poor at Christmas, as well as a rent charge of 4s., -left by Mrs. Douglas Tyrwhitt. Letters, <i>via</i> -Horncastle, arrive at 9.30 a.m. The nearest telegraph -office is at Tetford.</p> -<p>Of the church of St. Peter and St. Paul, little can be said -which is satisfactory, at the present time. It was rebuilt -in 1781, in the characteristic poor style of that period. -Some years ago it became almost unsafe, and the walls were -strengthened to prevent their falling. The chancel was -rebuilt in 1859–60; and in 1884–5, the church was -reseated, the plaster ceiling removed, a new floor supplied, and -fresh windows inserted; but once more it is in a bad and -unsightly condition, gaps and fissures appear in the walls, the -tower is much out of the perpendicular, and only kept together by -bands of iron. The north wall is only relieved by one very -plain Georgian window. The east window, a triplet in the -early English style, is perhaps the best feature in the -church. It was put in by a former Rector, Rev. W. Anthony -Fitzhugh. The font, which is octagonal and perpendicular, -formerly stood in St. Mary’s Church, Horncastle. The -pulpit, of old oak, came from the private chapel of Lord -Brougham, who was a relative of the late Rector; it has some -quaintly-carved panels, and other portions in the same style lie -unused in the church. The baptismal register has an entry -of a baptism performed by Dr. Tennyson, father of the Poet -Laureate. The register dates from 1698.</p> -<p>Some embellishments have been introduced in the chancel of -late by the present Rector. An Italian crucifix, behind the -Communion table, with devices representing the keys of St. Peter, -and sword of St. Paul, the patron saints, with vine leaves and -grapes, and a central chalice. There is a scroll below -these, bearing the words, “Ecce panis <a -name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 24</span>Angelorum -Factus cibus Viatorum.” The church ornaments include -a processional cross of 18th century foreign work. An -effort is now being made to accomplish a thorough restoration of -the church. A flint implement was found in the parish in -the year 1851, and fossils of the Echinus and other kinds have -been found. The name of Belchford may be British; Bel -(Baal) being the Druid name of the Sun-God and -“fford,” is Welsh (or British), for road; a more -pleasing, if more fanciful, derivation, has been suggested, viz.: -that the prefix is connected with the words “bellow” -and “bell,” and refers to the tinkling music of the -ford on the brook, which passes through the valley.</p> -<p>In an ancient register of Spalding Priory, of date 1659, is an -extract from a charter of the foundation of the Priory, in which -it is stated that one Thorold, ancestor of Lucia, Countess of -Lincoln and Chester, and wife of Ivo Tailebois, gave the Tithes -of Belchford, Scamblesby, etc., to the Priory. The name is -there spelt Beltisford, which would seem to favour the former of -these two derivations. In Domesday Book it is Beltisford, -further confirmatory of the same.</p> -<p>A former Rector of this Benefice was somewhat of a -“character.” He was a <i>bon vivant</i>, though -not of an objectionable kind. He was popular among his -clerical brethren, and, like several others, gave an annual -clerical dinner, which was attended by them from considerable -distances. One of the special features of the repast, was a -leg of mutton, with port wine sauce, which, as well as the wine, -might be said to be “old.” The cellars of the -rectory were very cool, and he usually had a leg which had been -hanging for a quarter of a year, half a year, or more. At -one of the last of his dinners, the joint had been in the cellar, -specially preserved, for more than twelve months, but, served as -it was, with a good surrounding, it was unanimously declared to -be excellent.</p> -<p>The Rev. Egremont Richardson was long remembered by many -friends, for his kindly, genial qualities.</p> -<p>Since the above remarks on the church were written, the fabric -has, in a great measure, been worthily restored. The -architect, Mr. Townsend, of Peterborough, employed Messrs. -Thompson, of Peterborough (who have restored Peterborough -Cathedral), and they have done the work thoroughly. The -tower, in a dangerous condition, has been taken down, and will -not be rebuilt until funds allow it, <a name="page25"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 25</span>but otherwise the restoration is -complete. Five decorated windows have been introduced into -the former dark walls, a vestry has been added, and the walls of -the nave have been beautifully decorated. The chancel walls -are relieved with terra cotta, of the 17th century style, the -roof having black and white arrow-head work. The choir -stalls are stained green, and decorated in harmony with the -walls. There is a new altar-table of oak, its panels being -richly painted. The nave is furnished with chairs, in place -of the old pews. The church is heated with the Radiator -system, on the Italian principle, supplied by Messrs. J. Ward -& Co., of Horncastle, being the first church in the -neighbourhood furnished with this apparatus. In the porch -is preserved a relic of the past, an old stoup, or holy water -vessel, found in the Churchwarden’s yard. This has -been done at a cost of about £900, and a further sum of -£700 or £800 will be needed to restore the -tower. The chief donors to the work have been the Rawnsley -family, and Lord Heneage.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Bolingbroke</span>, <span -class="smcap">Old</span>.</h3> -<p>Bolingbroke, to which is now added the epithet -“old,” to distinguish it from the modern creation, -New Bolingbroke, near Revesby, lies distant about seven miles, in -an easterly direction from Horncastle, and about four miles -westward from Spilsby, in a kind of <i>cul-de-sac</i>, formed by -steep hills on three sides. As to the meaning of the name, -whether its commonly accepted derivation from the brook, the -spring-head of which, as Camden says (Britannia, p. 471), is in -low ground hard by, be correct, we must leave to full-fledged -etymologists to decide; but the small streamlet, as it exists at -present, in no way answers to the ideal of a bowling brook, -sufficient to be a distinguishing feature of the place. We -would venture to suggest, as a fair subject for their enquiry, -that, as “bullen” is Danish for -“swollen,” and “brock” is only another -form of “burgh” (and common enough in Scotland), -meaning a fort (as we have a few miles away, near Hallington -station, <i>Bully</i>-hill, near an ancient encampment), there -may have been an older fort, swelling out like an excrescence at -the mouth of this valley; and so a “bollen” (or -bulging) <a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -26</span>“broc,” providing a fitting site on which -the later castle was also erected. It might, too, seem some -confirmation of this, that, in Domesday Book, the name is given -as Bolin broc. Be this as it may, however, the place itself -is one of unusual interest to the archæologist. It is -a town in decadence. Possessed of a market-place, and a -number of good houses, some paved streets, a fine church, the -site of a castle, and that rare distinction an -“Honour,” it is yet but a village, with little to -stir its “sleepy hollow” into social life or -animation. The visitor may, perhaps, meet there (as the -writer has done), one who has retired from her Majesty’s -service; who has weilded his cutlass on quarterdeck, or carried -his rifle through stockade or over battlement; the said -individual may long, on the settle by the snug hostel fire, to -fight his battles over again, in converse with some kindred -spirit; but there is now no tread of sentinel on castle-wall, no -warder now blows his bugle at castle gate. The castle -itself is but a phantom of the past, only to be now seen in -imagination. He would, perhaps, fain know something of its -bygone history; but he finds no one to tell it. Ichabod -echoes through the silent streets, and he can only murmur in the -words of an ancient lament (for, is it not written in the book of -Jasher?) “How are the mighty fallen and the weapons of war -perished.” The County Directory tells him (as would -also Domesday Book) that Bolingbroke had a weekly market <a -name="citation26a"></a><a href="#footnote26a" -class="citation">[26a]</a>; from a like authority he may learn -that the soke, or Honour, of Bolingbroke embraced nearly 30 -parishes, Spilsby amongst them. <a name="citation26b"></a><a -href="#footnote26b" class="citation">[26b]</a> Yet he goes -to Spilsby on a Monday and finds it crowded with traffickers, -while, from week’s end to week’s end, the market -place of Bolingbroke does not see a merchant or a huckster. -Sooth to say, the secluded nature of the locality, which of old -commended it as a fitting position for a strongly-protected -castle, embedded in hills, save on one side, served really to -isolate it from the outer world, and hindred, and ultimately <a -name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 27</span>destroyed, -the traffic, which became gradually transferred to other towns -more easy of access. And so the once busy market is grass -grown, and the buzz of its barter would not awaken a baby. -The sole sound, indeed, of any volume, to break the moribund -monotony—and this only one of recent creation—is the -peal of fine bells with which the church is now furnished, and -instead of soliloquising further we will now proceed to describe -these, and then unfold the fine features of the church, of which -they form so melodious an appurtenance. There are six -larger bells and the old sanctus bell. Of the larger bells, -one is old, and five were presented in 1897, by Miss Maria -Wingate, whose family, formerly resided at Hareby House, which -small parish and benefice were annexed to Bolingbroke in 1739. <a -name="citation27"></a><a href="#footnote27" -class="citation">[27]</a> The five new bells were cast by -Messrs. Taylor, of Loughborough, a well-known firm of -bell-founders. These were consecrated by Bishop King, of -Lincoln, soon after they were hung. On one of them, the -treble bell, is the inscription, “God save the Queen, a -thank-offering in commemoration of Queen Victoria’s -Jubilee, 1897.” The peculiar appropriateness of this -inscription will be the more manifest, when the singular fact is -remembered (as will be fully explained hereafter), that, as -Duchess of Lancaster, the Queen was Lady of the Manor of -Bolingbroke. The old bell bears the date 1604, and has the -inscription—</p> -<blockquote><p>“I, sweetly tolling, men do call,<br /> -To taste our meats that feede the soole.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>This old bell is a very fine one, and is named among the -“Bells of Lincolnshire.”</p> -<p>Of the church itself, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, it -may be said that it has had its peculiar vicissitudes. It -was built probably by John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster; as the -flamboyant style of its architecture indicates a late 14th -century erection; and he was granted the manor in that century -(1363). Many of our finest churches, such as those of -Boston, Grantham, Heckington, &c., were built in that -century. This of Bolingbroke is one of the latest of them, -corresponding most closely in style and date to the Church of -Kyme Priory; but it is certainly not one of the least -striking. We now see in it only a portion of the original, -namely, the south aisle, porch, <a name="page28"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 28</span>and tower. It was occupied as -head quarters by the Parliamentary troops in 1643, while they -were laying siege to the castle, which was held for the King; -and, with their usual puritan hatred of holy places, they -destroyed the beautiful stained glass which adorned the windows; -while, further, their presence there drew upon the building heavy -bombardment by the King’s men, no less destructive to the -edifice itself. Since that time, the original south aisle -has been used as the main body of the church; and until recently, -the arches of the arcade, formerly dividing it from the original -nave, were distinctly visible, built up in the (later) north -wall; while the tower, originally standing at the west end of the -nave, became (in consequence of the destruction of the latter, -semi-detached from the later south aisle) church, at its -north-west angle. The church was restored in 1889, through -the munificence of Mr. C. S. Dickinson, of Lincoln, at a cost of -£3,000; the architect being the late Mr. James Fowler; and -it was re-opened by the Bishop on Oct. 10th of that year; the old -disfiguring galleries having been removed, and new battlements -and pinnacles being added to the tower; and a new north aisle -being erected, extending eastward from the tower; the original -south aisle being still retained as a modern nave, re-seated, and -re-furnished in every respect; and a new organ added, with -various improvements. As to the result, we cannot do better -than quote some of the observations of the late Precentor -Venables, made by him on the visit of the Lincolnshire -Architectural Society in 1894. <a name="citation28"></a><a -href="#footnote28" class="citation">[28]</a> He described -it as “a building of great stateliness, the proportions -being excellent, and in its general design and architectural -details, presenting a specimen of the decorated style in its -greatest purity and beauty; the windows are almost faultless -examples of flowing tracery in its early purity. The east -window has five lights, with quatrefoil window in the gable -above; the west window four lights; and the side windows three -lights each; all excellent. The south porch has a -well-proportioned inner door with good moulding; there being an -open quatrefoil over the door. In its east corner there is -a very sumptuous holy water stoup of unusual design, surmounted -by a tall canopy of great richness. There is a statue <a -name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 29</span>bracket over -the door, and one at the side. The recently opened arcade -on the north side of nave is composed of fine equilateral arches, -with mouldings continuous from their bases, without the -intervention of capitals. On the south wall of the present -chancel is a range of three rich, though rather heavy, stone -sedilia, with projecting canopies over-braided with wall-flowers, -and groined within Traces of canopied niches of similar design to -the sedilia, are visible on each side of the east window. -The piscina, with projecting basin, is plain.”</p> -<p>In the middle of the south wall of the nave there is also an -old piscina, with aumbrey above it, which would indicate that, in -the original church, there was here a chantry. <a -name="citation29"></a><a href="#footnote29" -class="citation">[29]</a> The present pulpit, and the choir -seats in the chancel, are of modern oak richly carved; and the -vestry, at the back of the organ, is screened off by similar rich -modern oak carving. The tower has a west door, with a -four-light window over it; a two-light window above this, with -corresponding ones in the north and south faces. Within the -tower, over an ancient fireplace, is embedded in the wall, 4ft. -from the ground, a curious old gurgoyle head of peculiar -hideousness, which doubtless, at one time, grinned down from the -original roof. Over the said fireplace there is this -inscription graven in a stone:—“Sixpence in bread -every Sunday for ever for the poore women present at divine -service, given by John Andred, M.A., rector of Bolingbroke, Anno -Domini MDCLXXX.”</p> -<p>In the churchyard is a tall monument, surmounted by a cherub -with expanded wings, in memory of Edward Stanley Bosanquet, who -died July 16th, 1886, formerly vicar; also of his wife Emmeline, -and three children, who died at different dates. Outside -the north wall are some stone ends of seats, formerly in the -tower.</p> -<p>It may here be worthy of remark that Chancellor Massingberd, -in his account of the battle of Winceby mentions that -“among the slain on the side of the King was a Lincolnshire -gentleman of the name of Hallam, the immediate ancestor of the -Historian of the Middle Ages,” Henry Hallam. The name -is not a common one; and on a broken stone slab, lying behind the -N.E. buttress, under <a name="page30"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 30</span>the N.E. window, is the fragmentary -inscription, “Body of Henry Hallam, who dyed January The 6, -1687.” <a name="citation30a"></a><a href="#footnote30a" -class="citation">[30a]</a></p> -<p>We conclude our notice of this church with the words of the -Precentor:—“We may realize the magnitude, and the -beauty of the (former) entire church, when we bear in mind that, -besides what we now see, there was a wide nave, a north aisle, -doubtless equal in dimensions and style to that now standing, and -a long chancel reaching to the limits of the -churchyard.” A building so fine would attest the -former importance of the place; and we now proceed to consider -other proofs of that importance which we know to have -existed.</p> -<p>Bolingbroke is, indeed, a place of no mushroom growth. -The Castle was built in the reign of Henry I. by William de -Romara, Earl of Lincoln, who also founded the Abbey of Revesby -about 1143. But history carries us back to a still earlier -date, and to an older, and even more interesting, and more -important family than that of Romara. The mother of William -de Romara (or, according to others, his grandmother) was Lucia, a -Saxon heiress <a name="citation30b"></a><a href="#footnote30b" -class="citation">[30b]</a>; sister of the powerful Morcar, Earl -of Northumberland, who for some time withstood the Conqueror, and -daughter of Algar, Earl of Mercia, who was the brother of Edgiva, -King Harold’s Queen (others making Edgiva the sister of -Lucia). She was also a near relative of the renowned -“Hereward the Wake,” the stubborn champion of Saxon -freedom. There was an earlier Algar, Earl of Mercia, who, -200 years before, fell in the famous fight of Threckingham -(between Sleaford and Folkingham) against the Danes, about <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 865. He was the son of another -Algar, and grandson of Leofric, both successively Earls of -Mercia; the wife of the last-named being the Lady Godiva (or -God’s gift, “Deodata”), renowned for her purity -and good works. This Lady Godiva was the sister of Turold, -or Thorold, of Bukenale (Bucknall), <a name="citation30c"></a><a -href="#footnote30c" class="citation">[30c]</a> <a -name="page31"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 31</span>Lord of -Spalding, and Vice-Count, or Sheriff of the County of -Lincoln. And these Thorolds, father and son, were among the -chief benefactors of the famous Monastery of St. Guthlac, at -Croyland; a similar good work being also performed, in her own -day, by the aforesaid Lady Lucia, who was chief patroness of the -Priory of Spalding <a name="citation31a"></a><a -href="#footnote31a" class="citation">[31a]</a> an offshoot of the -greater Croyland Abbey. Thus William of Romara was not only -a Norman “of high degree,” on his father’s -side, but, through his mother, he came of a race of Saxons, -powerful, brave, and distinguished for their services to their -country and religion. It has been frequently observed that, -although the Normans conquered and subjugated Saxon England, the -stubborn Saxon eventually absorbed, or prevailed over, his Norman -master; and we have an illustration of it here, not uninteresting -to men of Lincolnshire. The name of Romara has long been -gone, in our country and elsewhere, beyond recall; but the old -Saxon name of Thorold yet stands high in the roll of our county -families. There is probably no older name in the shire; -none that has so completely maintained its good position and -succession, in unbroken descent. <a name="citation31b"></a><a -href="#footnote31b" class="citation">[31b]</a></p> -<p>Now the Lady Lucia inherited many of the lands of her Saxon -ancestors; and among those which passed to her Son William of -Romara, was Bolingbroke. He was a man of many, and wide -domains, but of them all he selected this, as the place for -erecting a stronghold, capable of defence in those troublous -times. The castle is described by Holles (temp. Charles I) -as “surrounded by a moat fed by streams, and as covering -about an acre and half; built in a square, with four strong -forts,” probably at the corners; and “containing many -rooms, which were connected by passages along the embattled walls -and capable to receyve a very great prince with all his -trayne.” The entrance was “very stately, over a -fair draw bridge; the gate-house uniforme, and -strong.” The gateway, of which the crumbling ruins -were engraved by Stukeley in the first half of the l8th century, -finally fell in 1815; and nothing now remains <a -name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 32</span>above -ground. The whole structure was of the sandstone of the -neighbourhood, which, as Holles observes, will crumble away when -the wet once penetrates it. The moat is still visible; and -further, in the rear of it, to the south, beyond the immediate -precincts, there is another moated enclosure, still to be seen, -the residence doubtless of dependants under the shelter of the -castle; or these may have been earthworks excavated by the forces -besieging the castle. We cannot here give in detail the -long and varied history of the great owners of Bolingbroke. -But, omitting minor particulars:—“A Gilbert de Gaunt -by marrying a Romara heiress, obtained the estate. One of -his successors of the same name, joining the Barons against King -John and Henry III., forfeited it. It was then granted to -Ranulph, Earl of Chester. It afterwards passed to the de -Lacy family, earls in their turn, of Lincoln; and by marriage -with Alicia de Lacy, Thomas Plantagenet, grandson of Henry III. -obtained it, with the title. A later Gaunt, the famous -John, Duke of Lancaster, married the heiress of this branch of -the Plantagenets, and so in turn became Earl of Lincoln and Lord -of Bolingbroke, and their son Henry, born here April 3, 1366, -became Henry IV. As being the birthplace of a sovereign, -the estate, instead of remaining an ordinary manor, was elevated -to the rank of an ‘Honour’” (Camden’s -Britannia, p. 471) and is entitled, in all legal documents -“the Honour of Bolingbroke.” Since the -accession of Henry IV. it has remained an appanage of the Crown; -and as Duke of Lancaster, King Edward is “Lord of the -Honour,” at the present day. Gervase Holles states -that Queen Elizabeth made sundry improvements in the interior of -the castle, adding “a fayre great chamber with other -lodgings.” The Constable of the Castle was (in his -day) “Sir William Mounson, Lord Castlemayne, who received a -revenue out of the Dutchy lands of £500 per annum; in part -payment of £1,000 yearly, given by the King to the Countess -of Nottingham his lady.” He also says “In a -roome in one of the towers they kept their audit for the whole -Dutchy of Lancaster, Bolingbroke having ever been the prime seat -thereof, where the Recordes for the whole country are -kept.” <a name="citation32"></a><a href="#footnote32" -class="citation">[32]</a></p> -<p><a name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 33</span>And he -then gives a detailed account of the following supernatural -occurrence, as being beyond controversy -authenticated:—Which is, that the castle is haunted by a -certain spirit in the likeness of a hare; which, “att the -meeting of the auditors doth runne betweene their legs, and -sometimes overthrows them, and soe passes away. They have -pursued it downe into the castleyard, and seen it take in att a -grate, into a low cellar; and have followed it thither with a -light, where, notwithstanding they did most narrowly observe it, -and there was no other passage out, but by the doore or windowe, -the roome being all close-framed of stones within, not having the -least chinke or crevice, they could never finde it. Att -other times it hath been seen to run in at the iron grates below -into other of the grotto’s (as their be many of them), and -they have watched the place, and sent for hounds, and put in -after it; but aftar a while they came crying out.” -(Harleian M.S.S. No. 6829, p. 162). The explanation of this -hare-brained story we leave to others more versed in the doings -of the spirit world; merely observing that such an apparition has -not been entirely confined to Bolingbroke Castle.</p> -<p>The town of Bolingbroke confers the title of Viscount on the -family of St.-John of Lydiard Tregoze, Co. Wilts. The -career, the abilities, the accomplishments, the vicissitudes, and -the writings, of the great statesman, author and adventurer, -Henry St.-John, Viscount Bolingbroke, during the reigns of Anne, -William and Mary, and George I. are too well-known, to need -further mention here.</p> -<p>Saunders in his History of Lincolnshire (Vol. ii., p. 101, -1834) says that there was then still in the church the remains of -an altar cloth, beautifully embroidered, and traditionally said -to have been the work of Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, wife of -John of Gaunt, and mother of Henry IV., who is celebrated in -Chaucer’s poem “the Dream.” Chancellor -Massingberd, however, writing his account of Bolingbroke Castle -in 1858 (“Architect Soc. Journ.” vol. iv. p. ii.) -says that it had then disappeared, and not been seen for some 20 -years, having probably been disgracefully purloined.</p> -<p>The parish register dates from 1538; a rather unusual -occurrence, as the keeping of registers was only enforced -1530–8 by Act of 27 Henry VIII., and the order was in few -cases observed till a later period.</p> -<h3><a name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 34</span><span -class="smcap">Edlington</span>.</h3> -<p>This is a pleasant, small village, about 2½ miles from -Horncastle, the chief approach to it being by the so-called -“Ramper,” the great Roman road, connecting the two -Roman fortresses, Lindum and Banovallum (Lincoln and Horncastle), -and still one of the best roads in the county. The Park of -Edlington, now the property of the Hassard Short family, is a -pleasantly undulating enclosure, adorned with some very fine -trees; although of late some £3,000 worth, chiefly of -outlying timber, has been converted into cash. The ground -is varied by small copses, which afford excellent pheasant and -rabbit shooting; as also do two covers, about two miles from the -Park, called Edlington Scrubs; and there are also some very gamey -plantations, belonging to the estate, situated about two miles -north-west from Woodhall Spa. The estate comprises about -2,700 acres, and is fully five miles long from one end to the -other, being intersected by portions of other parishes. -There was formerly a substantial residence, with stew ponds and -extensive gardens, at the upper or northern end of the park, <a -name="citation34a"></a><a href="#footnote34a" -class="citation">[34a]</a> with the parish road running behind -it, covered by lofty trees. Here, it may interest the -botanist to know that the plant “Butcher’s -Broom” (Ruscus Aculeatus) grew plentifully, although it now -seems to be extinct, having been improved away. From this -position there is a very fine view, extending many miles to the -south and west, over very varied country. While the late -Mr. Hassard Short himself resided here, he had frequently -coursing parties, hares being then very plentiful, to which, -among others, the present writer, as a boy, and his father, were -always invited. This residence was, however, pulled down -sometime “in the fifties,” the owner, for the sake of -his health, preferring to reside in the south. It was for a -time, however, occupied by a Mrs. Heald, <a -name="citation34b"></a><a href="#footnote34b" -class="citation">[34b]</a> and her nephew George Heald, Esq., a -fine-looking young fellow, who held a commission in the -Guards. And hereby hangs a tale. <a -name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span>In riding in -the Park, in London, he made the acquaintance of the famous -coquette, and adventuress, Lola Montez, created Countess of -Landsfeldt by the King of Hanover, whose mistress she was. -Being a mixture of Spanish and Irish blood, she possessed all the -vivacity of both those races, with a gay dash in her manners, and -considerable beauty, along with an extremely outré style -of dress. Thus she fascinated the young man, as she -previously had done her late Royal Master. He married her, -although she was said to have been already married to a Captain -James. The charm soon lost its power, and as a means of -ridding himself of her, his friends prosecuted her for -bigamy. Sergeant Ballantine in his autobiography gives the -whole particulars (vol. II., p. 106), but he does not remember -the result of this action. She was of a temper so violent, -that she commonly carried arms, and was almost reckless of what -she did. Young Heald came at length to live in almost -hourly fear for his life. I well remember his coming down -to a hotel at Horncastle, to receive rents; when he sat at table, -with a loaded pistol at each side of him. I knew him and -his aunt well, and from the latter I received many -kindnesses. The poor persecuted young man soon passed from -mortal ken; but the lady migrated to America, to seek higher game -once more; but a fracas having occurred, in which she shot -someone in a railway carriage, her career also was brought to a -close.</p> -<p>The earliest mention which we have of this part of the Manor -of Edlington, is as being part of the Barony of Gilbert de Gaunt -(some of that name, still residing as farmers in the -parish). He probably, or his ancestors, acquired the -property, from what was a common source, in that day, viz., from -the great Norman Baron, Ivo Taillebois, on whom William the -Conqueror bestowed the rich Saxon heiress, the Lady Lucia, the -representative of the wealthy family of the Thorolds, and near -relative of King Harold (see my records of Old -Bolingbroke). He held this Manor till about the year 35 Ed. -I., or <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1307. It then -passed to the Barkeworthes; Robert de Barkeworthe being the first -of them to reside in the parish, as owner of Poolham. They -were a family of wealth and position in the neighbourhood at that -period. There is a legal document called Feet of Fines -(file 98 [39]), of date <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1329, -in which William de Barkeworthe, and ffloriana his wife, on <a -name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 36</span>the one part, -and Robert de Haney and Alice his wife, on the other part, lay -claim to considerable property, in Claxby, Normanby and Ussylby, -in which the former establish their claim. In 1351, William -de Barkeworthe presented to a moiety of the chapelry of -Polum. But in 1369, Thomas de Thymbelby presented. -This marks the period when the property passed from the -Barkeworthes to the Thimblebys. A Walter de Barkeworthe -died in 1347, and was buried in the Cloister of Lincoln -Cathedral. At the period of this transition (1369), another -Feet of Fines exists, between Thomas, son of Nicholas de -Thymelby, with several others, on the one part, and Richard, -“son of Simon atte See,” on the other part, by which -the said Richard surrenders lands in Claxby, Normanby, Tetford, -and other property, to the said Thomas, son of Nicholas de -Thymelby and his friends (“Architectural Soc. -Journ.,” vol. XXIII., p. 255). There is another Feet -of Fines, in 1374, between Thomas de Themelby, John de Themelby, -Parson, and others, on the one part, and John de Toutheby, and -his wife Alianora, on the other part, which assigns the Manor of -Tetford, and advowson of the church, to the Thymelbys. In -1388, John, son of Thomas de Thymelby, presented to -Tetford. The Thimbleby pedigree is given in the -Herald’s Visitation of 1562.</p> -<p>In 1333, at a Chancery Inquisition, held at Haltham, “on -Friday next, after the feast of St. Matthew,” the Jurors -declare, that Nicholas de Thymelby, and his wife Matilda, hold -land in Haltham, of the right of the said Matilda, under the Lord -the King, as parcel of the Manor of Scrivelsby; also that the -said Nicholas held land in Stikeswold, of the Dean and Chapter of -Lincoln, by the service of paying them ij<sup>s</sup> and -vi<sup>d</sup> yearly; and also that he held lands in Thymelby, -under the Bishop of Carlisle. Further inquisitions show -that Nicholas de Thymelby, and John, his brother, also held lands -in Horncastle and over (<i>i.e.</i> High) Toynton, under the said -Bishop of Carlisle; that Thomas de Thymelby presented to the -Church of Ruckland in 1381; and that John, his son, presented to -the Church of Tetford, April 4th, 1388. In 1427, it was -found that the heirs of John de Thymelby, held by their trustees, -lands “in Polum and Edlynton.”</p> -<p>In 1439, William Thymelby, Esq., Lord of Polum, presented to -the Benefice of Somersby, having already presented to -Tetford. He seems to have married Joan, <a -name="page37"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 37</span>daughter of -Sir Walter Tailboys, a descendant of the same family, from which -sprang Ivo Taillebois, the great Norman Baron, previously -mentioned, from whom Gilbert de Gaunt probably acquired his land -in Edlington. <a name="citation37a"></a><a href="#footnote37a" -class="citation">[37a]</a> Richard Thimbleby, in 1474, -obtained the Beelsby estates, through marriage with Elizabeth, -daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Beelsby, knight, and widow of Sir -John Pygot, Knt. He died (1522) possessed (in right of his -wife, who was coheir of Godfrey Hilton), of the Manors of -Beelsby, Holton-le-Moor, Horsington, Harpswell, Harleston, -Thorgansby; and a share of the advowson of Horsington; John -Thymelby, his son, succeeded him (Escheator’s Inquisitions, -14 H.S., No. 24). To show the religious fanaticism in the -reign of Elizabeth, even among Protestants, note the -following:—A Thimbleby of Poolham, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1581, was thrown into prison by the -Bishop of Lincoln (T. Cowper), for refusing to attend Protestant -services. His wife was near her confinement, but she begged -to see her husband, she was treated so roughly that the pains of -labour seized her in her husband’s dungeon. She was -nevertheless detained in prison without any nurse or assistant, -and a speedy death followed; her husband also dying soon -afterwards in prison from the rough treatment which he underwent -there. (“The Church under Queen Elizabeth,” by -F. G. Lee, II. p. 60). I have given these details to show -the importance of the family of Thimbleby.</p> -<p>After another generation or two, Matthew Thymbleby’s -widow of Poolham, married Sir Robert Saville, Knt., who, through -her, died possessed of the Manors of Poolham, Edlington, and -several more. Confining ourselves here to Poolham, we find -the Saviles, who were members of the Saviles of Howley, co. York -(now represented by Lord Mexborough, of Methley, co. York, etc., -etc., and the Saviles, of Rufford Abbey, co. Notts.), continuing -to own Poolham until 1600, when Sir John Saville, Knt., sold it -to George Bolles, Esq., citizen of London, whose descendant, Sir -John Bolles, <a name="citation37b"></a><a href="#footnote37b" -class="citation">[37b]</a> Bart., sold it to Sir Edmund Turnor, -of Stoke <a name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -38</span>Rochford. It has recently been sold to Dr. Byron, -residing in London.</p> -<p>As we have, thus far, chiefly confined ourselves to the owners -of the hamlet of Poolham, we will now make some rather -interesting remarks upon the old Poolham Hall, and matters -connected with it. The old mansion was probably built -originally on a larger scale than the present farm house. -It is enclosed by a moat, in the south-west angle of which stand -the remains of a chapel, or oratory, now in the kitchen garden; -they consist of an end wall and part of a side wall, each with a -narrow window. The font, a few years ago, was taken away, -and in order to preserve it from destruction, it was placed, some -twenty years ago, in the garden of Wispington Vicarage, by the -Vicar (the late Rev. C. P. Terrot), a great ecclesiastical -antiquarian. It has further again been removed by the -present writer, and, on the restoration of the Church of St. -Margaret, at Woodhall, in 1893, it was once more restored to its -original purpose, as font in that Church, being further adorned -by four handsome columns of serpentine, the gift of the Rev. J. -A. Penny, the present Vicar of Wispington. Near the chapel, -there was till recently, a tombstone, bearing date 1527. -This stone was a few years ago removed, and now forms the sill of -a cottage doorway in Stixwould. The writer should here add -that, on the moat of this old Hall being cleaned out a few years -ago, there was found in the mud, beneath the chapel ruins, a -curious object, which at once passed into his possession. -It proved to be an ancient chrismatory, of which there has never -been found the like. The material is terra cotta, with -peculiar primitive ornamentation, of a pale stone colour, -containing two divisions, or wells, with spouts at each end, each -having been covered with a roof, although one of them is now -broken off, curiously carved. The use of the chrismatory, -was, in mediæval times, connected with baptism; as the -child was brought into the church, it was sprinkled with salt, -and at the font it was anointed with oil. The two wells -were meant to hold the salt and oil. As I have said, it is -unique. Its use was first explained to me, by Sir Augustus -Franks, of the British Museum. It has been exhibited among -the <a name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -39</span>ecclesiastical objects of art at the Church Congresses, -at Norwich, London, Newcastle, Northampton, and other -places. It has created very great interest, and has been -noticed in various publications. According to Ecton’s -“Thesaurus,” this chapel was connected with Bardney -Abbey, but it is now a ruin, and unused. The population is -limited to three houses, and the most convenient place of worship -is Woodhall, St. Margaret’s.</p> -<p>We will now revert more especially to Edlington. We have -mentioned Gilbert de Gaunt as among the first owners, but this -applies, more strictly to the hamlet Poolham. Edlington -proper, is evidently a place of great antiquity, the name is -derived from “Eiddeleg,” a deity in the Bardic -Mythology (Dr. Oliver’s “Religious Houses on the -Witham”); the whole name meaning the town of -Eiddeleg. In connection with this, we may mention that, -until about three years ago, when it was destroyed by dynamite, -there existed an enormous boulder, standing on a rising ground, -about sixty yards from the present highway, on the farm of Mr. -Robert Searby, which weighed about 10 tons, its height being -about 10ft., width 4ft. 6in., and its thickness about 3ft. -This would be just the Druidic altar, at which the Bardic -mysteries, in the British period, might be celebrated. In -1819, while digging a field in Edlington, some men found several -heaps of ox bones, and with each heap an urn of baked clay. -Unfortunately none of these urns were preserved, so that we are -unable to say whether they were of Roman make, or of earlier -date. They imply heathen sacrifice of some kind, and were -close to a Roman road; still the existence, already mentioned, of -an earlier Bardic worship, would favour for them, an earlier -origin.</p> -<p>From Domesday Book (completed circa 1086), we gather (1st) -that among the possessions of the King (William the Conqueror), -there were 4 carucates, <i>i.e.</i> 480 acres of land, with -proportionate sokemen, villeins, and bordars. The whole -land of the parish being reckoned at 6,960 acres. Of this -extent, the Saxon Ulf, so often mentioned as an owner in this -neighbourhood, had 10 carucates (or 1,200 acres). Egbert, -the vassal of Gilbert de Gaunt had 480 acres, a mill, always a -valuable possession, as all dependants were bound to have their -grain ground there; 90 acres of meadow, and 210 acres of wood -land, in all 780 acres. A Jury of the wapentake of -Horncastle, declared that the powerful noble Robert Despenser, -wrongfully disputed the <a name="page40"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 40</span>claim of Gilbert de Gaunt, to half a -carucate, or 60 acres, in Edlington, which in the time of Edward -the Confessor had been formerly held by one Saxon, Tonna.</p> -<p>Edlington was one of the 222 parishes in the county which had -churches before the Norman conquest, but as the number of priests -serving these churches was only 131, it is doubtful whether it -had a resident minister, it being more probably that it was -served by a Monk of Bardney Abbey, to which (according to Liber -Regis) it was attached. Here again we have a trace of -Gilbert de Gaunt being Lord of the Manor of Edlington, as well as -of the subdivision of Poolham. The Monastery of Bardney was -originally one of the few Saxon foundations, and established -before the year 697. It was however reduced to great -poverty by the Danes, under Inguar and Hubba, in 870, 300 monks -being slain. It remained in ruins some 200 years, when it -was restored by Gilbert de Gaunt, who succeeded to some of the -property of Ulf, the Saxon Thane, already named. Gilbert de -Gaunt had 54 Manors conferred upon him; being nephew of the -Conqueror, and among the several which he bestowed on Bardney, -was Edlington. At the dissolution, it would revert to the -King, and (as we are here reduced to conjecture), we may well -suppose that it was one of the many Manors in this district -conferred by Henry VIII., on Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, -among whose descendants these vast possessions were subsequently -divided. In Dr. Oliver’s learned book on the -“Religious Houses on the Witham,” it is stated that -Bardney had land in Edlington, that the abbot had the advowson of -the benefice, and that before the King’s Justices, in the -reign of Ed. I., the abbot proved his right, by act of Henry I., -confirmed by Henry III. to the exercise of “Infangthef, -pit, and gallows at Bardney.”</p> -<p>In “Placito de Warranto,” p. 409, he claimed, and -proved his right, also to a gallows at Edlington (as well as at -Hagworthingham, and Steeping, and Candlesby); and in connection -with this, it is interesting to note that, as at Bardney, there -is a field called “Coney Garth” (Konig Garth), or -King enclosure, where the abbot’s gallows stood; so at -Edlington there is a field (the grass field, in the angle, as you -pass from the village road to the high road, leading northward), -which is still called “Coney Green,” which name -moderns of small education, suppose <a name="page41"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 41</span>to be derived from the numbers of -conies, <i>i.e.</i> rabbits, which abound there; but in which the -antiquarian sees the old Konig-field, the King’s enclosure; -and in that field, doubtless, stood the abbot of Bardney’s -gallows; <a name="citation41"></a><a href="#footnote41" -class="citation">[41]</a> just as the Abbots of Kirkstead had a -gallows in Thimbleby. On this Edlington Coney Green, I have -found bricks of an early style, with various mounds and hollows, -indicating buildings of some extent, and probably belonging to -the King.</p> -<p>In the year 1897, the Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of Wispington, -discovered and published in “Linc. N. and Q.,” some -very interesting Bardney charters of the 13th century, which make -many mentions of Edlington. In one case they record the -gift of a bondman, and his progeny to Thomas de Thorley, living -in Gautby, the slave being William, son of Peter Hardigrey, of -Edlington; among the witnesses to the deed of gift being Master -Robert, of Poolham, Simon, the Chamberlain of Edlington, and -others. Date, 22nd May, 1281.</p> -<p>Another is a declaration of Thomas de Thorley, living in -Gautby, that he grants to Master William Hardegrey, Rector of -Mareham, all the lands and tenements which he owns in the village -and fields of Edlington; among the witnesses being Simon, son of -John, the Chamberlain of Edlington; Richard King of the same, -Simon the Francis of Edlington, and others.</p> -<p>Another charter states that, “I, William, son of William -of Wispington, have granted, and by this deed confirmed, the -gift, to William Hardigrey, of Edlington, clerk, all my toft, -with its buildings, lying in the parish of Edlington, which is -situate between the public highway, and the croft of Richard, son -of Henry King, for ever. Among the witnesses being Simon, -the Chamberlain of Edlington, John, his son, Alured of Woodhall, -and others. Given at Edlington, the Wednesday after -Michaelmas, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1285. (30th -Sep., 1285), and 13th year of the reign of King Edward -I.”</p> -<p>We further get disconnected notices of various owners of, or -in, Edlington, but I can not make out a connected series.</p> -<p>For instance, in a Chancery Inquisition, 13. Ed. I. (12th <a -name="page42"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 42</span>May, 1285), -held by order of the King, among the jurors are Henry of -Horsington, Robert, son of the Parson of Horsington, Hugh -Fraunklyn, of Langton, William de Wodehall, of Edlington, and -others. Thus the William de Woodhall, already named, was a -proprietor in Edlington, as early as 1285.</p> -<p>We find, in a Final Concord, Nov. 22nd, 1208 (three-quarters -of a century earlier than the preceding), between Andrew, of -Edlington, plaintiff, and Alice, daughter of Elvina, who acted -for her, the said Andrew acknowledged the said Alice to be free -(he had probably claimed her as a bond-slave, in his house, or on -his land, at Edlington), for which Alice gave him one mark. -It was only in the reign of Henry VI. that a servant was -permitted, after giving due notice to leave his place, and take -the services of another (23. Hen. VI. c. 13). Before that, -all were the property of their owners, unless given their freedom -for some special reason. Here is another proprietor in a -dispute, on 10th Nov., 1208, between Thorold, of Horsington on -the one part, and John, son of Simon, of Edlington. The -said Thorold surrendered for ever, certain lands in Edlington, to -John and his heirs, another family of proprietors, at the same -date as the previous.</p> -<p>In November, 1218, in a Final Concord, between John, of -Edlington, and Hugh, his tenant, as to the right to certain lands -in Edlington, it was agreed that John was the rightful owner, and -for this, John granted Hugh certain other lands, but in case Hugh -died without issue, they were to revert to John, of -Edlington. He would seem, therefore, to have been rather a -large proprietor.</p> -<p>The will of Richard Evington, of Halsteade Hall, was made, on -22nd January, 1612, by which he leaves his lands in Edlington, -and other places, to his two sons, Maurice and Nicholas -Evington.</p> -<p>On 23rd December, 1616, Edward Turnor, clerk, of Edlington, -made his will, the details of which do not here concern us, -beyond showing that he was Vicar.</p> -<p>The parish register dates from 1562, beginning with Thomas -fforeman, the sonne of William fforeman, christened 2nd February, -1562. This register is very peculiar, as it gives the -baptisms down to 1700, then the marriages from and to the same -dates, then the burials from and to the same dates. This is -very unusual, the common arrangement, in those times, being to -give the baptisms, marriages, <a name="page43"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 43</span>and burials under the same dates all -together. The present book is the copy on paper, of the -original on parchment or vellum. Among some of the surnames -are Billinghay, Padison, Melborn, fford, Hollywell, Kaksby, -Stanley, Gunby, Brinkels (Brinkhills), William, son of Thomas -Bounsayne, gent., bap. Jan<sup>y</sup>. 12th, 1605. -Margaret, daughter of John Elton, gent. (and a sister), baptized -October 29th, 1611; and Siorach Edmonds, Vicar, 1617. Mary, -the daughter of Robert Brookley, gent., bapt. Nov. 2nd, 1652; -with others.</p> -<p>This list shews a considerable number of landed proprietors in -the parish; there being no one pre-eminent landowner.</p> -<p>Among the Christian names, which occur in the oldest register, -are Bridgett, Muriall, Rowland, Judith, Dorothie, Anthony, -Hamond, Cicilie, and others.</p> -<p>George Hamerton, gent., and Sarah Hussey, were married June -21st, 1699. [These Hamertons were a wealthy family in -Horncastle, owning a large block of houses at the junction of the -east and south streets. The initials of John Hamerton and -his wife, remain there, over the fire-place, in an oak-pannelled -room. I believe they were connected with the Hamertons, of -Hamerton, co. York.]</p> -<p>John Corbet and Isabell Thylley were married, December 6th, -1660. [The Corbets have been a long-established family in -Lincolnshire, and also taking a leading position in Shropshire, -in Sir Andrew Corbett, Bart]. In register III., is a note, -“Thomas Barnett, of Thimbelby, found dead in Edlington -parish, and was buried Sep. 6th, 1798”; also, -“Deborah Bell, aged 95, buried November 7th, -1804.”</p> -<p>In the 2nd register book, among other entries are -these:—The Rev. Tristram Sturdivant, Vicar, buried August -3rd, 1755. (The clerk, William Blow, had died 2 years -before). Belmirah, daughter of Thos. Clarke of Horncastle, -and Mary, his wife, buried Feb. 23rd, 1773.</p> -<p>The 3rd register has the following:—Mr. Wells’ -youngest child (of Poolham), christened by me, William Wells, at -Poolham, baptized by Mr. L’Oste (then Vicar), at Woodhall -Church, named Charles, Aug. 11, 1794. [The Wells’ -resided at Poolham down to about 1850. They were wealthy -gentlemen farmers, and were most generous to the poor, and -supported the church in every possible way, as I know from my own -experience, and that of my father].</p> -<p><a name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -44</span>Margaret Spencer, a traveller, commonly called -“Scotch Peg,” she being a Scotch woman, was buried -(at Edlington), Sept. 2, 1789. In the 2nd Register again we -have, among the surnames, Greenland, Walesby, Bouchier, Soulby, -Bates, Longstaffe, Falkner, Bullifant, Gaunt, Elsey, Sturdivant, -Bontoft, Darwin, and others.</p> -<p>We have just mentioned the name of Soulby. I find from -the returns made by Government, that Charles Soulby, and his -brother Edward, both payed the tax for male servants, the former -for 2, the latter for 1, in the year 1780.</p> -<p>Among the Gentry of Lincolnshire, a list of whom was made by -the Royal Heralds in the year 1634, is Thomas Tokyng, of -Edlington, with Ambrose Sheppard, of Hemingby, Robert and John -Sherard, of Gautby, Thomas Morgan, Esq., of Scrivelsby, &c., -&c. John Rolt, of Edlington, declined the honour, there -being some slight “duty” chargeable on the -distinction.</p> -<p>Ralph Palframan, clerk, was presented to the Benefice of -Edlington, by his brother Anthony, merchant of the staple, at -Lincoln, by an assignment of the advowson made for this turn by -the late Abbot of Bardney. William Palfreyman was Mayor of -Lincoln in 1536, probably the father. He was instituted -<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1569, on the demise of Leonard -Nurse. “Architect, Soc. Journ.,” vol. xxiv., p. -15.</p> -<p>The Church of Edlington is dedicated to St. Helen, the mother -of the Emperor Constantine, who was, by birth, a Yorkshire -woman. The edifice was re-built, with the exception of the -lowest part of the tower, in 1859–60, at a cost of -£1146. It consists of a nave, south aisle, chancel, -and substantial tower of 3 tiers, with 3 bells. The font is -square at the base, octagonal above. The tower arch at the -west end is the original Norman, and the only part remaining of -the original building. The upper part of the tower is in -the Early English style. The windows in the tower are -copies of the former Early English ones, the south arcade is -perpendicular, with windows in the same style, and consisting of -3 bays, with octagonal columns. The Chancel Arch is of good -Early English style. There is a good coloured two-light -window, near the pulpit, in memory of Margaret, the wife of J. -Hassard Short, Esq., who died Feb. 2nd, 1881. The subject -of this window is the three Maries, and the Angel, at <a -name="page45"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 45</span>the -Sepulchre; combined with his wife, he also by the same window, -commemorated his daughter, Agnes Margarette, who died 17th Dec., -1867. Another coloured window was placed in the Church in -December, 1900, in memory of the late Squire, the subject being -the Saviour appearing to Mary Magdalene, at the Sepulchre. -Both figures are of life-size, the countenances being full of -expression. It was designed by Messrs. Heaton and Butler, -and placed in position by Mr. C. Hensman, of Horncastle; and -forms a fitting companion to the window in memory of his -wife. It bears the inscription, “To the glory of God, -in loving memory of John Hassard Short, Esq., who died Dec. 4, -1893, this window is erected by his daughter Marian.” -The Shorts have held this estate for four generations. The -flooring is laid with Minton tiles, the church is fitted with -open benches, and pulpit of oak, with reading desk and lectern of -the same. These were the gift of the Lay Impropriators of -the Benefice, the Trustees of Oakham and Uppingham Schools. -The organ is by Stephenson, of Lincoln. The inscription on -the 3 bells (according to North, in his “Lincolnshire -Bells”), 2 Royal Heads on each, Edwd. I., and Queen -Eleanor; Edwd. III. and Queen Philippa; Henry VI. and Margaret of -Anjou. Further details are given, as that Edlington had, in -1553, “three big bells and a Priest’s -bell.” Inscriptions now, on 1st bell -“1824,” 2nd bell “I.H.S. Sancte Peter,” -with diameter of 34 inches; 3rd bell “I.H.S., Sancte -Paule”; Priest’s bell, “T.L. TFCW., -1670,” with diameter 11½ inches.</p> -<p>There have been at least 5 Vicars within the last 50 -years. The present Vicar, is the Rev. E. H. Bree, formerly -Curate of Belchford, who has a good and commodious residence and -premises, recently enlarged, and good garden, pleasantly situated -close to the Park.</p> -<p>We have said that the former old Residence of the Shorts was -pulled down several years ago; no building has been erected on -the same scale or site since, but a farm house was adopted as a -shooting box, for members of the family; and for the last three -or four years this has been occupied by J. R. Hatfeild, Esq., who -rents the shooting. The Benefice is in the gift of the Lord -Chancellor, as representing the former Patron, the King.</p> -<p>Small as is the parish of Edlington, it has seen some stirring -scenes. On the day before the Battle of Winceby, <a -name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 46</span>near -Horncastle, where the Royalists were defeated by Cromwell, viz., -on the Evening of Tuesday, Oct. 10, 1643, a troop of -Parliamentary Horse, commanded by Capt. Samuel Moody, were -surprised at Edlington, by the King’s forces, under the -command of Sir John Henderson and Lord Widdrington, of Blankney, -and there befell a rather sharp skirmish, in which the -Parliamentary troops had to fall back. Such was one -violation of the quietude of the little village. In older -times, lying as it did, between the two Roman forts of Banovallum -(or Cornucastrum) and the ancient Lindum (or Lincoln), it would -often, in the time of the Roman occupation of the country, be -disturbed by the heavy tread of Roman Legions, and the -accompanying music of Roman Clarions.</p> -<p>History also tells us that “in the year of our Lord, -1406, Sept. 12, King Henry IV. made a Royal procession from the -town of Horncastle, with a great and honourable company, to the -Abbey of Bardney, where the Abbot and Monastery came out, in -ecclesiastical state, to meet him,” [Leland’s -“Collectanea”]. As by-roads did not exist, as -they do now, we can hardly doubt, that his line of route would be -by the King’s highway, through Edlington.</p> -<p>Surely, even in these days of easy locomotion, it can have -fallen to the lot of few villages, large or small, to have given -to the gaze of their rustic wondering inhabitants, such varied, -and unusual scenes as these.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Mavis Enderby</span>.</h3> -<p>Mavis Enderby is nearly 8 miles from Horncastle, in an -easterly direction, the road passing through High Toynton, -skirting Scrafield, and through Winceby, and Lusby, and being -part of the old Roman road from Doncaster to Wainfleet. It -is about 3 miles west by north of Spilsby, where is the nearest -telegraph office; the nearest money order office being at -Raithby. Letters, via Spilsby, arrive at 7.30 a.m. -The village is prettily situated on a slope of the wolds, the -houses clustering about the church, except solitary farm -residences of a substantial kind; the parish is roughly divided -into Northfield and Southfield. To the north formerly stood -a religious house, a dependency of <a name="page47"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 47</span>Revesby Abbey. It was last -occupied by C. J. H. Massingberd Mundy, Esq. It fell into -decay some years ago, and nothing now remains of it, beyond the -turf-covered foundations and some fine yew-trees, apparently -survivals of a former avenue leading to it. A varied view -is seen to the north-east, towards Aswardby and Langton, -including the wooded height of Harrington Hill, and other -elevated ground, with the graceful spire of Sausethorpe church -conspicuous in the intervening valley, one of the most successful -creations of the Architect, Stephen Lewin, who, fifty years ago, -did some good work among our Lincolnshire churches, notably in -his restoration of Swineshead, and his re-building of -Brothertoft. The stranger might, by the name of this -parish, be reminded of the lines of Sir Walter Scott. <a -name="citation47a"></a><a href="#footnote47a" -class="citation">[47a]</a></p> -<blockquote><p>Merry it is in the good green woods,<br /> - When the Mavis <a name="citation47b"></a><a -href="#footnote47b" class="citation">[47b]</a> and Merle <a -name="citation47c"></a><a href="#footnote47c" -class="citation">[47c]</a> are singing,<br /> -When the deer sweep by, and the hounds are in cry,<br /> - And the hunter’s horn is ringing.</p> -</blockquote> -<p>But no groves or hedgerows vocal with their songsters, gave -the parish its name. The Lord of the Manor, in the 12th -century was Richard de Malbyse, or Malbishe, a large proprietor, -and exercising considerable influence in this neighbourhood, and -elsewhere. The epithet has been retained to distinguish -this from Bag Enderby, and Wood Enderby; one of which is near and -the other not far away. The name Malbyse or Malbishe, -means, in old Norman French, an evil beast (compare Bis-on); and -the arms of the family, as still preserved at Acaster Malbis, -near York, once belonging to a member of the family, are a -chevron, with three wild stags heads “erased,” -<i>i.e.</i>, raggedly severed from the body.</p> -<p>Domesday Book, however, tells us of owners of land before the -Malbyshes, in pre-Norman times. The Saxon, Thane Elnod, -held land in Mavis Enderby and Raithby and East Keal, in the -reign of Edward the Confessor (p. 31) <a -name="citation47c"></a><a href="#footnote47c" -class="citation">[47c]</a>; while another Saxon, Godwin, whose -name appears in connection with several other parishes, had the -Manor of Mavis Enderby (p. 159) <a name="citation47c"></a><a -href="#footnote47c" class="citation">[47c]</a> The old -hereditary <a name="page48"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -48</span>owners of the lands met with no mercy from the -Conqueror, who had to provide for his Norman followers. The -historian records that as William passed along the ranks of his -army before the great Battle of Hastings, he addressed them in a -loud voice thus, “Remember to fight well, if we conquer we -shall be rich, if I take this land, you will have it among -you,” and the promise then held out, was amply fulfilled; -the vanquished Saxons were robbed of their lands, to reward -William’s favorites who had capacious maws. Among -those rewarded extensively with plundered territory, was William -de Karilepho, consecrated Bishop of Durham in 1082, and also made -Chief Justice of England; he received grants of land in Mavis -Enderby, Raithby, Spilsby, Hundleby, Grebby, and many other -places. Ivo Taillebois (equivalent to the modern -Underwood), who was then leader of the Angevin Auxiliaries of the -Conqueror, also received very extensive grants; among them being -lands in Mavis Enderby, Raithby, Hareby, Halton Holgate, Asgarby, -Miningsby and many other demesnes. About the same time also -(1070), another of the Conqueror’s favourites -Eudo—son of Spirewic, subsequently the founder of the -Tattershall family, received very extensive domains, among them -being the Manor of Mavis Enderby, a Berewick (or smaller outlying -portion) in Raithby, another in Hundleby, and in the two Keals, -Hagnaby, and endless more possessions, his head-quarters being at -Tattershall, all of which he held “in capite” or -directly of the King. But, as we have repeatedly observed -in these notes, these early Norman tenures were precarious, they -were acquired by violence, and when the hand that held them waxed -feeble, a stronger hand, in turn, took possession. Mavis -Enderby, like very many other parishes, became an appurtenance of -the Manor, or Honor, of Bolingbroke, and throughout that great -appanage of the Crown there were many changes in the Lords of -demesnes.</p> -<p>The first of the Malbishes, whose name is recorded, is Osbert -Malbishe, who, with others, is witness to a charter of Revesby -Abbey, of date 1173; this probably is accounted for by the fact -of there being a cell of Revesby Abbey at Mavis Enderby. -Another Malbishe, William, also witnesses another Revesby charter -in 1216. Both these lived before the Richard Malbishe who -is generally referred to as being the Lord of the Manor, whose -name became attached to the parish.</p> -<p><a name="page49"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 49</span>Among -the “Final Concords” (p. 162), we find it recorded, -that in a deed, dated 5th June, 1222, Matilda, wife of the above -William Malebisse, claimed certain lands in Enderby (not yet -specially designated “Mavis”), as her dower, but that -through the agency of Robert de Wion, she quit-claimed all her -rights to that particular portion in favour of one Nicholas and -his heirs, for which the said Nicholas gave her 20s.</p> -<p>In a Chancery Inquisition, 4 Edw. III., 1330, it is shown that -the heirs of Alan Malbish hold certain lands in Sausthorpe and -Langton; and another Inquisition in 1352, mentions ¼ fee -held in Sauzethorpe and Langton, which the heirs of Alan Malbish -hold. (“Archit. S. Journ.,” 1894, p. 170.)</p> -<p>After this we hear nothing more of the Malbishe family. -But in a Chancery Inquisition post-mortem, 18 Henry VII., No. 34, -taken at “Est Rasen, 26th October, 1502, after the death of -Thomas Fitzwilliam, heir of Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam, Knight, -lately deceased,” it is stated that John Vere, Earl of -Oxford, Sir Robert Dymmok, Knight, Robert Rede, Justice of the -Lord the King, Thomas Chaloner, and others, were seized of the -fee of the Manors of Malburssh Enderby, Maydinwell, Malberthorp, -etc., with their appurtenances (which are described as extensive) -to the use of the heirs male of the said Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam -lawfully begotten, and the Jurors further say, that the Manor of -Malburssh Enderby, with appurtenances, etc., are held of the Lord -the King, of the Duchy of Lancaster, as of his Manor of -Bolingbroke, and that certain lands are held of Sir George -Taylboys (doubtless a descendent of Ivo Taillebois, owner in the -days of the Conqueror), but by what services they do not -know. (“Architect. Soc. Journ.” 1895, p. -14).</p> -<p>The Fitzwilliams still held lands in Mablethorp in the reign -of Henry VIII. One of the family, Sir William Fitzwilliam -was Lord High Admiral, and a staunch supporter of the King in the -rebellion of 1536. Only two years later, in an Inquisition, -20 Henry VII., No. 14 (January 31, 1504–5). After the -death of George Gedney, it is stated that a certain John Billesby -(of Billesby) <a name="citation49"></a><a href="#footnote49" -class="citation">[49]</a> and Nicholas Eland were seized of the -Manor of <a name="page50"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -50</span>Mabysshenderby, with appurtenances, as well as lands in -Hagworthynham, Bag Enderby, Holbeche, Fleet, and Swaby, and that -they enfeoffed the said George Gedney and Anne his wife of the -aforesaid Manors, to them and their heirs for ever. The -Gedneys continued for many generations an influential family in -the neighbourhood. Andrew Gedney, of Bag Enderby, married -Dorothy, daughter of Sir William Skipwith, of South Ormsby, 1536; -and within recent years Arthur P. Gedney, Esq. (a cousin of the -writer of these notes), owned the Manor of Candlesby, and resided -at Candlesby Hall. (“Arch. S. Journ.,” 1895, -page 27.)</p> -<p>In an Inquisition p.m. in the same year No. 52, after the -death of the said Anne, wife of George Gedney, much of this is -repeated, but it is further specified that the property in -Hagworthingham is held of the Abbot of Bardney; some in Bag -Enderby is held of the Warden of Tateshale, some in Holbeche of -the Lady Dacre de la South, and some in Flete of the Lord Fitz -Water; that the said Anne died on the Saturday after the feast of -the Holy Trinity, and that John Gedney is son and next -heir. In a deed of 14 June, 1535, John Gedney, of Bag -Enderby, refers to his wife’s jointure of lands in Mavis -Enderby and other parishes; the said wife being Isabel, heiress -of the Enderbies of Bag Enderby.</p> -<p>In the register of Mavis Enderby, one book of which extends -from 1579 to 1772, an entry shows that George Lilbourne was -Rector from 1522 to 1588, or 66 years. He was a relative of -the Smyths of Elkington, near Louth, who are still represented in -the two parishes of North and South Elkington, as is shown by his -will, dated 5th July, 1587 (Lincolnshire Wills), in which he -requests that he may be buried on the north side of the chancel, -bequeathing “to my niece Lacon, my niece Hansard, and my -niece Simpson, an old English crown apiece; to Sir Edward -Hustwaite, all the books he hath of mine, and a great book of St. -Gregory’s works, in the hands of Sir Robert Welles, Parson -of Howell; to my servant Agnes Cressie, a silver spoon with -akorne at the end of it; to George Smithe 3<sup>li.</sup>; to -Dorothy and Susan Smyth, 10<sup>s</sup>. apiece; to my nephew -Herbert Lacon, a macer (mazer or drinking bowl), lined with -silver and gilt; to my cousins Thomas Smithe and Anthony Smithe, -and my nephew Tristram Smithe a little silver salt -(cellar). I make my nephew Herbert <a -name="page51"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 51</span>Lacon, and -Mr. Thomas Taylor, supervisors.” (Prob., 8 May, -1588).</p> -<p>It would appear that he was more generous in lending his books -than his friends were careful in returning them, the latter, a -failing not unknown in our own day, and even St. Paul could write -to Timothy (2 T. iv. 13), “Bring with thee the books, but -especially the parchments.”</p> -<p>Among Lincolnshire Wills is one of Roger Metcalf, clerk of -Mavis Enderby, dated 18 July, 1606, in which he desires to be -buried in the chancel, John Downes of Lusby, clerk, being left -executor, and George Littlebury of Somersby, Gent., and John -Salmon of Haltham-on-Bain, clerk, supervisors. We thus see -that in Saxon times, lands in Mavis Enderby and Raithby were held -by the same owner, and that in early Norman times, lands in the -two parishes were held more than once by the same Lord. In -a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, file 68 (32), 30 Ed. I., there was a -dispute between John Beck (of the ancient family of Bec, of -Eresby, Lusby, etc.) and Robert de Wylgheby (ancestor of the -Lords Willoughby) about the Manors and advowsons of Enderby -Malbys, and Ratheby, as well as other properties, in which the -said Robert granted to the said John the said lands and -advowsons. “Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, p. -56. And in the present day the two benefices are held -together by the Rev. George Ward, who is himself patron of Mavis -Enderby, Raithby being in the gift of the crown.</p> -<p>Early in the seventeenth century, the benefice was held by the -Rev. James Forrester, who was chaplain to Anne, Queen of James -I., and wrote a curious book, entitled “The Marrowe Juice -of 260 Scriptures, or Monas-Tessera-Graphica”; printed at -the signe of the crowne, in Paul’s churchyard, 1611.</p> -<p>The head of one of our old and distinguished Lincolnshire -families, Sir Edward Ascough, presented to the benefice in 1679 -and 1685. In 1734, Decimus Reynolds presented, and in 1782 -Henry Best, Esq., presented. “Liber Regis.,” -s.v., Malvis, alias Maurice, Enderby.</p> -<p>The present owners of the parish are Mrs. Rashdall of London, -Mrs. Coltman of Hagnaby, Mr. Holmes of Eastville, and the -Rector.</p> -<p>It need hardly be said that the poem, by Miss Ingelow, of -Boston, called “The Brides of Mavis Enderby,” has no -connection with this parish, being entirely imaginary, <a -name="page52"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 52</span>except that -it is founded on the fact of a high tide on the Lincolnshire -coast. It was published in 1849, and Tennyson, the -Laureate, much admired it. “Life of Lord -Tennyson,” Vol. I., p. 287. The name was chosen as -being euphonious.</p> -<p>The Church, dedicated to St. Michael, consists of tower, nave -with south aisle, and chancel. The tower is of three -stories. In the western wall, above the west door, is a -three-light trefoiled perpendicular window, above this a clock, -above that a smaller three-light window, similar windows being in -all four faces. The sill of the west door is an ancient -stone, with the “Runic involuted knot” pattern, -which, however, is almost obliterated by the tread of worshippers -entering by the door. It is similar to the Runic stone at -Miningsby. The church has been restored or rebuilt at -various periods. The tower, originally a lofty one, but a -large part of which, through decay of the sandstone, had fallen -down, was partly rebuilt in 1684, and a lower bell-chamber -provided. In 1894 it was again restored, and carried up to -its original height. The chancel also was rebuilt to its -original length in 1871, and the nave, aisle, and porch were -handsomely restored in 1878. There are three bells. -On the south interior wall of the tower is an inscription on a -tablet, recording that the tower was restored and clock set up in -1894, in memory of four generations of the Ward family, -“who were married in 1704, 1728, 1783, 1836, G. Ward, -F.S.A. (Rector), W. Sharpe (Churchwarden), their 23rd year of -office together, C. Hodgson Fowler (Architect), Edwd. Bowman and -Sons (Contractors).”</p> -<p>In the north wall of the nave is a door, two three-light -trefoiled windows, with two quatrefoils above. The south -aisle consists of three bays, one of the original sandstone -pillars still remains in the north corner of the west end, next -to the tower wall, where there is also a two-light window behind -the font. In the south wall, east of the porch, are two -windows of three lights, one of the decorated style, the other -perpendicular, both square-headed. The eastern one has -coloured glass, by Clayton and Bell, the subjects being—in -the centre the annunciation, to the east the angel appearing to -Zacharias, to the west the visitation, adapted from the famous -picture by Mariotto Albertinelli, in the Academy Gallery, at -Florence. The seats are of modern oak, with carved -poppy-heads, except one or two ancient ones preserved from an -older structure near the tower, and <a name="page53"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 53</span>the roof throughout is of red -deal. There is a modern oak rood screen, with rood-loft, -having standing figures of angels, one on each side, as well as -one over the pulpit. These were originally in Louth -church. The pulpit and reading desk are of modern -oak. The font is octagonal, decorated with plain Ogee arch -on each face. The south porch is modern, but having a -curious old stoup, the pedestal being a cluster of early English -columns, the bowl of a rather later date, in keeping with the -carving round the doorway; these have probably been imported from -elsewhere. The chancel, entirely modern, has a three-light -east window, both the tracery and coloured glass being adapted -from a window in Louth church (where the Rector was formerly -Curate), the glass being by Clayton and Bell, the tracery by the -late Mr. James Fowler of Louth. The subjects -are—below, the agony, crucifixion and entombment, and -above, the annunciation, with six-winged cherubim on either -side. In the south wall are two windows of two lights, with -quatrefoil above. On the north is an organ chamber, with -low wide arch, and a modern piscina and aumbrey in the -wall. The altar cloths are very handsome, the upper cover -being crimson plush, decorated with shields, and the cross and -scales; the frontals are gifts of various persons, one of -Algerian red silk and gold work in three compartments; a second -of white silk, worked by Mrs. Clarke, late of Stainsby House, -with the Agnus Dei in the centre; the third is of green silk, -with very rich embroidery; the fourth, of plain purple velvet, -with four bands of darker purple, for the Lent season.</p> -<p>The churchyard cross has been recently restored after the -fashion of the Somersby cross, a portion of the shaft being -old. There is also a modern sun dial, erected by the -present Rector. Fragments of the old tower, and of the -Norman sandstone pillars, form ornaments in the Rectory -garden.</p> -<p>The present Rectory was built in 1871, the architect being the -late Mr. James Fowler, of Louth, it has been added to since that -date, and now forms a commodious residence in pretty grounds, and -a picturesque situation.</p> -<p>It may be added, as an incident of special interest, that the -father of the late Sir John Franklin, the arctic explorer, on -retiring from business in Spilsby, bought a portion of ground in -this parish, in south field, and built a house, now occupied by -Mr. W. R. Cartwright, in <a name="page54"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 54</span>which he resided for some years, and -in which Sir John Franklin spent his youth.</p> -<p>Some years ago, the Rector found in his garden a silver groat -of Philip and Mary, two Nuremberg tokens, and a half-penny of -William III.</p> -<p>The church and parish, in their past and present history, are -among the most interesting in the neighbourhood.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Fulletby</span>.</h3> -<p>Fulletby lies about 3½ miles from Horncastle, in a -north-east by north direction, on the road to Belchford. -Letters, <i>via</i> Horncastle, arrive at 10 a.m. The -nearest Money Order Office is at Belchford, the nearest Telegraph -Office at Tetford, or Horncastle. We do not know very much -of the ancient history of this parish. In Domesday Book it -is stated (“Lands of the Bishop of Durham”) that the -Saxons, Siward and Edric, had there two carucates (or about 240 -acres) and six oxgangs of land, rateable to gelt. William, -a vassal of the Bishop <a name="citation54"></a><a -href="#footnote54" class="citation">[54]</a> had also there two -carucates (or 240 acres) and five villeins and 19 socmen, who had -two carucates and two oxgangs. In Hearne’s -“Liber Niger” (vol. ii) Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, is -said to have “in Fuletebi and Oxcum 4 carucates and 6 -oxgangs which Pinson holds” (Circa <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1114). Pinson was a Norman -soldier, Dapifer, or Steward of the Durham Bishops, and held many -lands in this neighbourhood under them for the service of acting -as their bailiff; the Bishop holding, “in chief,” -direct from the sovereign. Pinson thus became (deputy) Lord -of Eresby, and other Episcopal Lordships, and by the marriage of -Walter de Beck, with Agnes, a daughter of Hugh Pinson, several of -these lands passed to the family of Bec, or Bek; one of the -family, Anthony de Bec, himself became Bishop of Durham. In -1214 the <a name="page55"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -55</span>Bishop of Durham’s land in Fulletby and Oxcomb was -held under him by Henry Bec, and in the reign of Ed. I. John Beck -and John de Harington held a Fee (doubtless the same property in -Fulletby and Oxcombe). At another date, temp King Henry -II., a certain “Count Richard,” probably the Earl of -Chester, had “in Fulledebi 2 carucates.” By the -marriage of Sir William Willoughby with a daughter of Baron Bec, -of Eresby, several of these Lordships passed to the Willoughby -d’ Eresby family; and among them (“Testa de -Nevill,” page 318) were lands in “ffotby”; and -in Feet of Fines, Lincoln, (file 69, 31, Ed. I. <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1303) it is stated that Robert de -Wylgheby held “rent of 6 quarters of salt in ffoletby, -Beltefford, Golkesby, &c.” While Gervase Holles -says (“Collectanea,” Brit. Mus., vol. iii., p. 770) -that in the reign of Elizabeth, “Carolus, Dominus -Willoughby de Parham,” was Lord of the Manor of Fulletby -(“Old Lincolnshire,” vol. i., pp. -213–214). The lands have passed from these old owners -many years ago, and are now the property of the Elmhirst, Booth, -Riggall, and other families.</p> -<p>In the rebellion, called “the Lincolnshire -Rising,” in 1536, Robert Leech, of Fulletby, joined with -the insurgents, and, although his brother, Nicholas Leech, parson -of Belchford, escaped trial, Robert was put to death with Thomas -Kendall, vicar of Louth, the Abbots (Matthew Mackerell) of -Barlings, and (Richard Harrison) of Kirkstead, and many -others. Their names were included in a “List of -Lincolnshire Martyrs,” sent to the Apostolic See, who were -“first made Venerable, then Blessed, and lastly -Canonised,” by his holiness, for their steadfastness in the -Papal cause. Other persons, known by name, connected with -the parish as patrons of the benefice, have been the heirs of -Nicholas Shepley in 1701; George Lascells, Esq., in 1741; Thomas -Rockliffe, Esq., in 1782; Francis Rockliffe, clerk, in 1784; Mrs. -A. R. Rockliffe, 1826; Rev. J. Jackson in 1863. F. -Charsley, Esq., is the present patron; and Rev. R. Barker is -rector, who has a substantial residence in the parish. The -benefice was formerly charged with a pension of 6s. 8d. to -Bullington Priory.</p> -<p>The Church, St. Andrews, is a modern edifice, almost entirely -rebuilt in 1857 by Messrs Maughan and Fowler, of Louth; a -previous larger church having been erected in 1705, on the site -of a Saxon church, mentioned by <a name="page56"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 56</span>Archdeacon Churton, in his -“English Church,” as one of the two hundred and -twenty-two churches in Lincolnshire existing before the Norman -conquest. No traces of the original Saxon church -remain. The fabric, 400 years ago, is said to have been -considerably longer, to have had a tower, and north and south -aisles. In the later fabric, the aisles had disappeared, as -shewn in an old print, and the tower which partly fell, in 1799, -was then cut down to the level of the nave roof, with a small -wooden bell-turret above it.</p> -<p>The Land Revenue Records (bundle 1392) state that there were -“iij bells and a lytel bell.” In 1566 the -Churchwardens reported a “sacringe bell” as still -remaining (Peacock’s “Church Furniture” p. -81.) There are now only two bells; and a tradition still -lingers, that the largest of the former bells now hangs in the -belfry of Tetford church. In 1834, the Church, like several -others in the neighbourhood, was thatched; at that date the roof -was repaired, and covered with tiles.</p> -<p>The east window is a good triplet, in early English -style. The present pulpit was put up by the late Rector, -the Rev. G. E. Frewer; and, along with the Reredos, was carved by -Mr. Winn, living in the parish. The reading desk was carved -by a former Rector, Rev. J. Jackson, but has of late years, been -altered. There is a handsome brass lectern given by the -present Rector, Rev. R. Barker. In the floor of the chancel -is a slab, with this inscription, “Depositum Ricardi Dugard -qui obiit anno ætatis 68, salutis 1653, Januarii -28.” He is supposed to have been a nephew of William -Dugard, who printed the original edition of “Ikon -Basilike,” in his own house. The two present bells -are inscribed “Warner and Sons, 1857.” All the -registers previous to 1750 have been lost. Of the communion -plate, the chalice and paten are dated 1688; the flagon is -modern.</p> -<p>In 1566 there was in the church “one alb, one cope, a -crosse, super altaire, ij images, a mass, a piece of wood, -whereon stood xxiv candels.” George Monson, the royal -commissioner, ordered that “they must awaie with (these) -this side the first of Maie, and certifie.”</p> -<p>In 1846 six Roman urns, containing calcined bones, were dug up -in this parish in an abandoned brickyard; and, about 5 years -afterwards, another similar urn was found near the same -place. There are still found there a <a -name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 57</span>considerable -quantity of fossils, ammonites, gryphæa, &c.; and the -writer of these notes possesses a vertebra of a large saurian, -one of several which have quite recently been found at the same -place.</p> -<p>Fulletby School was rebuilt in 1849. The 1st stone being -laid in the last week in August, to contain 60 children, by Dr. -Spranger, Rector of Low Toynton, who gave handsomely, besides -building at his own expense and endowing a School at New -York. The Rev. W. M. Pierce, Rector, contributed, also Mrs. -Elmhirst, of Yorkshire; the Lady of the Manor, the Queen Dowager -giving £10. (“Lincolnshire Chronicle,” -August 28th, 1849).</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Goulceby</span>.</h3> -<p>Goulceby lies in a northerly direction, about 7 miles from -Horncastle, some two miles further on than Scamblesby, and barely -a mile west of Asterby, to which parish it is now -ecclesiastically annexed; the joint value of the two benefices, -the former a vicarage and the latter a rectory, being about -£380 a year, now held by the Rev. J. Graham, J.P., who -resides at Asterby. Goulceby was probably, in Saxon times, -the more important of the two places, since it was one of the 222 -parishes in the county (according to Sir Henry Ellis) which -possessed a church before the Norman Conquest, and one of the 131 -which had a resident priest.</p> -<p>Letters arrive <i>via</i> Lincoln at 10 am., and are -despatched at 3.55 p.m. The nearest money order office is -at Scamblesby, the nearest telegraph office at Baumber; but, by -arrangement, telegrams can be sent from the Donington-on-Bain -station, on the Lincoln and Louth railway, which is distant about -2 miles.</p> -<p>The village lies in a valley which is watered by a branch of -the river Bain. The patronage of the benefice has been in -various hands. In pre-reformation times it belonged to the -Preceptory of the Knights Templars at Willoughton; in 1605 it was -held by Christopher Pickering (“Liber Regis”), later -by a Mr. Hatley (Ecton’s “Thesaurus”); then by -the Listers of Burwell Park, who presented as late as 1837; from -whom the patronage, with the manor, was acquired by the Bagnell -family; whose representative now <a name="page58"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 58</span>presents to the united benefice, -alternately with the Traffords, as Lords of the Manor of -Asterby. At what period the original church perished does -not appear to be recorded; but, according to Weir (“History -of Lincolnshire,” ed. 1828) there was in 1821 only a small -modern church, dedicated to all Saints. This fell into -decay, and in 1855 was succeeded by a small brick and stone -structure; which, in turn, has more recently been taken down; and -the church at Asterby now serves for the two parishes.</p> -<p>Historic references to this parish are “few and far -between,” yet by bringing them together, with a moderate -degree of assumption from given premises, we can make out a -fairly connected catena of its ownership. The name itself -can hardly be said to give a certain sound. It has been -variously spelt, as Golsby, Goldesby, Gouthesby, Golksby, -Colceby, and, in Domesday Book, Colchesbi. We can only -conjecture that it may have been the “Buy,” -<i>i.e.</i>, Byre, or farmstead of a Saxon Thane, named Col, Kol, -or Golk, the two former being common as contractions of Colswen, -or Colegrim, and not uncommon in the neighbourhood. <a -name="citation58"></a><a href="#footnote58" -class="citation">[58]</a></p> -<p>According to Domesday Book, this, like many other parishes in -the neighbourhood, was among the possessions of the Norman noble, -Ivo Taillebois, acquired through his marriage with the Lady -Lucia, the wealthy Saxon heiress of the Thorolds, and connected -with the Royal line of King Harold. He (or she), had here 3 -carucates of land (or 360 acres), rateable to gelt; with 16 -socmen and 2 villeins, occupying 6 carucates (or 720 acres); a -mill worth 4s. yearly; a church and priest, and 120 acres of -meadow. As I mention in notices of other parishes -(Bolingbroke, Scamblesby &c.), the tenure of these demesnes -was not of long duration, and in a few years they were dispersed -among the descendants of the Saxon heiress. Goulceby would -seem to have become an appurtenance, with Belchford, Donington -and several others, of the superior manor of Burwell. It -would thus be granted, originally, by Henry I. to the Norman -family of De la Haye, one of whom, in the 13th century, founded -the Benedictine Alien Priory of Burwell, as a dependency <a -name="page59"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 59</span>of the Abbey -of S. Mary Silvæ Majoris, near Bourdeaux, and endowed it -with some of his own demesnes. This family held these -possessions for 150 years. The last of them, John De la -Haye, in the reign of Edward I., having enfeoffed Philip de Kyme -of the same, continued for the remainder of his life to hold the -lands, under the said Philip, by the peculiar (nominal) -“service of <i>one rose</i>.” (Chancery -Inquis., post mortem, 21, Edward I., No. 33). For some -years the Kymes held the property, being called to Parliament as -Barons, and doing other service for their sovereigns; until in 12 -Edward III. (Dugdale’s “Baronage,” i., 621) -William of that name died without issue; and his widow married as -her second husband, Nicholas de Cantelupe (whose ancestors had -been Earls of Abergavenny), who thus succeeded to these -demesnes. He dying also without issue, on the subsequent -death of his widow, the property reverted to Gilbert de -Umfraville, Earl of Angus, who had been enfeoffed of it by his -uncle, the above William. Gilbert, again, died without -issue, and his widow married Henry Percy, created at the -coronation of Richard II., the 1st Earl of Northumberland, who -thus in turn acquired the property. He, however, rebelled -against Henry IV. (Camden’s “Britannia,” p. -547); and on his attainder that sovereign granted the manors to -his son John, afterward. Duke of Bedford (Patent Rolls, 6, -H. iv., p. 2., m. 16s) He dying without issue, the property -reverted to the crown, and Henry VI. granted it to Ralph, Lord -Treasurer Cromwell. (Patent Roll 18, H. vi., pt. 2, m. -19).</p> -<p>Before this period, however, the Cromwells were connected with -Goulceby, since it is shewn, by an Inquisition in the reign of -Henry V. (post mortem, No. 72, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1419), that Matilda, the wife of Sir Ralph Cromwell, Knight, held -lands in Roughton, Wodehall, Langton, Golseby, Belcheford, -Donington, etc., <a name="citation59"></a><a href="#footnote59" -class="citation">[59]</a> and that Sir Ralph Cromwell her son was -the next heir. When the Lord Treasurer founded at -Tattershall, the College of the Holy Trinity, on the 17th Henry -VI. (1439), he endowed <a name="page60"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 60</span>it with portions of many of these -manors, as had also been done in the case of Burwell Priory, -centuries before; Goulceby doubtless being one of them. On -the dissolution of Religious Houses by Henry VIII. a great number -of the lands connected with them in this neighbourhood were -bestowed by that sovereign on Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, -among these being Goulceby, Belchford, ffulletsbye, etc. <a -name="citation60a"></a><a href="#footnote60a" -class="citation">[60a]</a> He died 24 August, 1545, leaving -two sons, Henry and Charles, by his wife Catherine, daughter and -heiress of William Lord Willoughby de Eresby. They, while -at St. John’s College, Cambridge, died of the epidemic, -called “the sweating sickness,” 16 July, 1551 -(Cooper’s “Athenæ Cantabridgenses,” i., -105); whereupon the descendants of the daughters of their great -grandfather, Sir William Brandon, were declared the rightful -heirs. One of these, Eleanor, had married John Glemham, of -Glemham Parva, Suffolk, and their great grandson succeeded Thomas -Glemham, Burwell, and a considerable portion of these demesnes. -<a name="citation60b"></a><a href="#footnote60b" -class="citation">[60b]</a> He died about the 14 year of -Queen Elizabeth, and was succeeded by his son Henry, afterwards -Sir Henry Glemham, Knight, who married Lady Anne Sackville, -daughter of the Earl of Dorset. <a name="citation60c"></a><a -href="#footnote60c" class="citation">[60c]</a> He settled -upon his wife, Burwell, with appurtenances; and documents -connected with the Lister family (subsequently owners of Burwell, -etc.), now in the possession of Porter Wilson, Esq., shew that, -in 1602, the farm rents included those from “Goulsby, -Belchforde, Donington super bayne,” etc. We now -proceed a step further to another change of ownership:—In -1641, Sir Thomas Glemham, of Burwell, was a strong supporter of -Charles I., being Colonel of the King’s 4th Regiment, and -successively, Governor of York, Carlisle, and Oxford. <a -name="citation60d"></a><a href="#footnote60d" -class="citation">[60d]</a> He, probably in order to raise -funds for his royal master, sold for £15,000, the Burwell -estate and its many appurtenances, to Sir Matthew Lister, Knight, -of St. Martin in the Fields, co. Middlesex, and Martin Lister, of -Thorpe Arnold, co. Leicester, his brother. It is somewhat -curious that in the <a name="page61"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -61</span>list of manors, which then changed hands, although -Belchford, Oxcombe, ffaireforth (<i>i.e.</i> Farforth), and -Walmesgate, all in the near neighbourhood of Goulceby, are named, -no mention is made of Goulceby itself, yet down to as recently as -1863 the patronage of the benefice was vested in them -(Morris’s “Gazetteer,” 1863). It appears, -however, from a deed of settlement, dated 10 Jan. 1656–7 -(or about 15 years after the sale), that Sir Martin Lister, of -Thorpe Arnold, was possessed of Belchford, Colceby, &c.; and -after his death, his children were to divide his property, and -the trustees were “empowered to sell, if necessary, -Belchford, Colceby,” &c. It is possible that by -this “Colceby,” Calceby may be intended, which was -annexed to Driby and Ormsby; but it certainly looks as if -Goulceby formed a part of the share of the property originally -bought by Sir Matthew Lister’s brother Martin. The -Listers continued to be owners of Burwell, doubtless at different -periods parting with various of the subsidiary -“appurtenances” down to a few years ago; -intermarrying with the Dymokes, Alingtons, Gregorys of Harlaxton, -Lord Deloraine, members of the families of Sir Robt. Barkham, -Knollys, Sir Edward Boughton, and forming other good -connections. Only in 1883, was the property finally parted -with by the late Matthew Henry Lister, eldest son of Matthew -Bancroft Lister, High Sheriff in 1800, to the present owner, -William Hornsby, Esq., High Sheriff in 1898. We may add -that Matthew Bancroft Lister claimed descent from Philip of Kyme; -whose family, we have seen, were owners of Goulceby, in the reign -of Edward I., and in 1840 he petitioned the Queen for a revival -in his person of the Barony of Kyme; but that dignity still -remains in abeyance. Of the Matthew Lister who married -Eleanor, daughter of the Hon. Sir Charles Dymoke, Knight, -champion of James II. (Circa 1683), it is recorded that he had a -son “Martin, baptized 1 October, buried in woollen 30 Nov., -1693.” <a name="citation61"></a><a href="#footnote61" -class="citation">[61]</a> For these particulars as to the -ownership of Goulceby in the past, I am largely indebted to a -paper in the “Architectural Society’s Journal” -for 1897, by Mr. R. W. Goulding, entitled “Notes on the -Lords of the Manor of Burwell.”</p> -<p><a name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 62</span>The -present owners of Goulceby are Colonel Bagnell, Lord of the -Manor, Earl Manvers, Thomas Falkner Alison, and various small -proprietors.</p> -<p>The following particulars of the Listers are worthy of -mention.—Sir Matthew Lister, M.D., was fellow of Oriel -College, Oxford; Physician to Queen Anne, Consort of James I.; -and Physician in Ordinary to Charles I., by whom he was knighted -in 1636 (Woods’ “Fasti Oxon.,” 3rd ed., 1815, -i., 307–8), he died at the age of 92. The entry of -his burial is as follows, “Matthew Lyster, Kt. & cheefe -lord of Burwell, &c., was buried December the 19th, -1657.” Among the bequests in his will, dated 18th -August, 1656, are the following:—To his wife all his -household stuff . . ., all “the jewells she usually -weareth, and hath in her custodie”; also his “coach -and coach-horses, if he should have any at his -death.” “Item, I give to be divided between her -and my neece, Sir Martin Lister’s wife, all that poure -remnant of Plate which is left me since these -troubles.” To his “son in law George Banfield, -and to his sister, the Ladie Cobham, £10 for a -remembrance.” To his “servant John Mitchele, -£50 . . ., and if he bee with me at my death all my wearing -apparel, except one <i>fringed sattin gown lyned with furre -called ffitches</i> (<i>i.e.</i>, Marten skins), which I desire -my wife may have.” We may assume that this was some -official, or court, robe worn by Sir Matthew on occasions of -ceremony. He was President of the London College of -Physicians, and even in our own day, members of a College wear -the “gowns” of their degree or office.</p> -<p>Another member of the family, Martin Lister, M.D., F.R.S., was -one of Queen Anne’s Physicians, an eminent zoologist, and -author of books on various branches of Natural History. His -most important work was his “Historia sive, synopsis -Methodica Conchyliorum.” Various plants and animals -have been named after him.</p> -<p>Two or three other documents connected with Goulceby, may be -here briefly referred to:—</p> -<p>By a Final Concord, dated 20 June, 1202, an agreement was made -between Holda, daughter of Geoffrey, on the one hand, and certain -Monks of Minting Priory, who were tenants of an oxgang of land in -Goutheby, by which she surrendered all claim to the land, in -favour of the Monks and their successors for ever. In -return for which the Monks gave her one mark.</p> -<p><a name="page63"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 63</span>On July -28, 1231, an agreement was made between the Master of the Knights -Templars in England, and William Moysaunt and Amice his wife, by -which the said William and Amice acknowledged a certain meadow in -Golkesby to be the right of the said Master “to have and to -hold, to him and his successors, in free, pure, and perpetual -alms”; and for this the said Master gave them 2s.</p> -<p>By will, dated 30 May, 1617, Adam Henneage of Donynton Super -Bane, Gent, left to Frances his wife “all my messuage in -Goulcebie, wherein John Clarke now dwelleth”; and to his -“sonne James his copyhold land in Goulcebie, in tenure of -Peter Pindar and John Tomson.” Proved at Horncastle, -28 June, 1617. By will, dated 23 July, 1623, Thomas Kent, -of Scamblesby, Clerk, left “to the poor people of the -parish of Goulceby, 20s.,” with similar bequests to the -poor of Donington and Scamblesby. Proved at Lincoln, 15 -Nov., 1623.</p> -<p>The will of Timothy Kent, of Donington, Clerk, dated 13 Feb., -1623–4, mentions lands in Goulceby and Asterby, and leaves -bequests to various relations and servants, and to the Cathedral -Church, Lincoln, 2s., and to the poor of Donington, 20s. -Proved at Lincoln, 28 May, 1624. Elias Kent, of Scamblesby, -Gent., by will, dated 13 Feb., 1625, leaves various bequests to -relatives and friends, and “to the poorest people of -Goulceby 10<sup>s</sup>., to those of Donington 10<sup>s</sup>., -to those Scamblesby 40<sup>s</sup>.” Proved at -Lincoln, 20 Dec., 1628. (“Lincs. N. & Q.,” -Vol. III., pp. 205–207).</p> -<p>The poor of Goulceby have an annual rent charge of £2 -10s., left by Anthony Acham, which is distributed in bread. -He also in 1638 founded, and endowed with £10 yearly, a -school here; which was re-built in 1865, with accommodation for -130 children; the original endowment is now supplemented from -other sources, and the school serves for the parishes of -Goulceby, Asterby, and Stenigot.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Greetham</span>.</h3> -<p>Greetham is distant about 3½ miles from Horncastle, in -an easterly direction, lying just beyond the parish of High -Toynton, south of Fulletby, west of Ashby Puerorum and north of -Winceby. The village is chiefly situated on a cross-road -running north and south (and probably Roman) <a -name="page64"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 64</span>which unites -the road from Horncastle to Tetford with that from Horncastle to -Hagworthingham and Spilsby. The nearest money order and -telegraph office is at Horncastle, whence the letters arrive at -9.20. a.m. The population of this village is now just over -130; but, as Isaac Taylor says (“Words and Places,” -p. 1), “local names are records of the past,” and -Greetham, as its name implies, was at one time a place of -considerably more importance than at present. The Saxons -named it Greetham, or the great village; which, as Mr. -Streatfeild suggests (“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” -p. 18), the Normans translated into “Grandham,” or -“Granham,” as we find it in the Conqueror’s -survey in Domesday Book; and which was sometimes further -curtailed into “Graham,” as we find a field in High -Toynton described as the “24 acres towards -Graham.” (Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 9, Henry III., No. -52, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1224–25, quoted -“Linc. N. & Q,” vol. iii., pp. -245–6). And not only was Greetham (or Grandham) held -in demesne, <i>i.e.</i>, as a manor, but, like the neighbouring -Bolingbroke, being connected with Royalty, it became also -designated an “Honour.”</p> -<p>In a Chancery Inquisition post mortem (21 Henry VII., No. 122) -taken after the death of Henry Dawson, it is stated that “4 -messuages, &c., in Tetney are held of the Lord the King, as -of his Honour of Bullingbroke”; and in almost similar -terms, in a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, of the same King, -No. 124, taken after the death of William Quadring, Esq., it is -stated that he “held a messuage in Irby, of the Lord the -King, as of his Manor of Greetham, parcel of his Duchy of -Lancaster.” In Domesday Book it is stated that -certain lands in the Manor of Bilsby, near Alford, are -“held of the Manor of Grandham”; Greetham apparently -not in either of these cases being regarded as an Honour. -But in an Inquisition post mortem, of John Asfordby, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1499, it is stated that the manor of -this same Bilsby, with Westhalgarth, is “held of the Lord -the King, as of the Honour of Greetham.” But, even as -early as Domesday (1080), lands are enumerated as belonging to -“Grandham,” lying in Langtune (by Spilsby), -Hacberdineham (Hagworthingham), Salmundby, Tedforde, Brinkhill, -Wingsby, and Clachesby Pluckacre, in all amounting to 33 -carucates, or close upon 4,000 acres (3960). And, to shew -the wealth of the manor at that date, <a name="page65"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 65</span>compared with some others in the -neighbourhood, while Scrivelsby is given in Domesday as of the -value of £14, and Horncastle at £44, Bolingbroke is -put at £40, but Greetham at £60, and it is further -tallaged, <i>i.e.</i>, taxed at £70. It was the -“caput Honoris,” or head, of the Lincolnshire Barony -of Hugh de Abrincis, or Avranches, the Conqueror’s nephew, -surnamed Lupus, or The Wolf, from his many deeds of -violence. He was Earl of Chester, having the whole of -Cheshire assigned to him, except a small portion belonging to the -Bishop; and his royal uncle further granted to him, nine manors -in Berkshire, seven in Yorkshire, ten in Dorset, thirty-two in -Suffolk, and twelve in Norfolk, twenty-two in Leicester, and -about a score in Lincolnshire, besides smaller numbers in other -counties, and sokes and berewicks beyond counting. Earl -Lupus in his later years, attempted to atone for the -irregularities of his early life, by becoming monk in his own -Abbey of St. Werburg, at Chester. Later, the estates which -he held, reverted to the crown, and were, in part, granted to the -Earl of Lincoln, who was created Duke of Lancaster. His -daughter and heiress, married the 4th son of King Edwd. III., who -also, through his wife, became Duke of Lancaster, and was father -of Henry of Bolinbroke, afterwards Henry IV. After various -vicissitudes, the Honour and much of the very extensive soke of -Bolingbroke, became merged in the Crown; and, in part, still -remains the property of the Sovereign, the King having among his -titles still the Palatine Dukedom of Lancaster. The -fortunes of Greetham were more varied. It is impossible, -from the sources of information available for these notes to give -all the successive steps in the tenure of this manor, and of its -numerous and valuable appurtenances; or to give the connection, -if any, between successive owners. Fixity of tenure was by -no means a feature of those times, the power of the Sovereign was -almost absolute, and demesnes were seized by him, forfeited, -retained, granted anew, or disposed of for money, according to -the royal caprice, or the exigencies of his purse, in a most -arbitrary fashion. To show the precarious nature of tenures -held “in capite,” or “in chief” from the -Sovereign, we will mention one or two cases, taken -haphazard:—Edmund of Woodstock, 2nd son of Edwd. I., was -beheaded by Edward III., in the 4th year of his reign. He -had been granted the manor <a name="page66"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 66</span>of Greetham only 3 years before -(Dugdale’s “Baronage,” vol. ii., p. 93). -At a previous period, Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, died seised -of the manor of Greetham. In the ordinary course of events, -the manor would have remained a possession of his daughter, -Alice, countess of Lincoln. Yet a Lancaster Record (class -xxv. R. 8), shows that Alice granted the manor to Hugh Dispenser, -16 Ed. II., and, he being a favourite of that King, we can hardly -doubt that the grant was a forced one. The historian Speed -informs us that, the Earl of Lancaster being attainted, the elder -Dispenser obtained a grant of some of the Lancaster property in -Lincolnshire. But in 1327, the younger Dispenser, the Hugh -above-named, the favourite of the King (Edward II.), fell into -disfavour, and a commission was appointed to enquire what goods -and chattels he possessed at the time of his banishment, in his -manors of Greetham, Thorley, Wainfleet and Brattleby. He -also held at that time, as shown by other records, lands in -Thornton, Roughton, Wilksby, Wood Enderby, Partney, -Mareham-le-Fen, &c., and a manor in Scrivelsby. But he, -in his turn being banished, the attainder of the Earl of -Lancaster was revoked, and the property once more reverted to the -Lancaster family, in the person of his brother and successor, -Henry of Lancaster.</p> -<p>Truly the history of many a noble family of those times was a -moving and vivid commentary on the words of Holy Writ, “Put -not your confidence in Princes!”</p> -<p>In a list of military tenures (temp. Henry II.), while Norman -d’Arcy, the Earl of Britanny, Alan de Percy, Stephen of -Albemarle, and several others, are named as holding various of -the manors in the neighbourhood, the Duke of Lancaster is given -as “Lord” of Greetham, Winceby and Hameringham -(“Old Lincolnshire,” by G. H. Burton, 1885, vol. i. -pp. 214–215). These, as we have seen, had been very -extensively added to, and further additions are named in various -records, some of which we will here give, as they show the -importance of Greetham. We should, however, observe that -because a great Baron held the manor of a demesne, it did not at -all follow that he owned the whole parish. This applies to -Greetham, as follows:—In an Assize Roll, at Lincoln, of 9 -Edward I. (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1280), a certain -Robert de Kyrketon, and his wife Beatrix, demand (and their claim -is admitted), certain rents of lands in “Askeby next -Gretham (<i>i.e.</i>, <a name="page67"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 67</span>Ashby Puerorum), Stavenesby -(<i>i.e.</i>, Stainsby), Bag-endreby and Little Gretham,” -at a time when the Earl of Lancaster was lord of the manor. -An Inquisition of the Earls of Kent (2nd son of Edwd. I., -beheaded. 4 Edward III. and at that time, as we have already -stated, holding the manor of Greetham), shows that lands in -Huttoft, Theddlethorpe, Wainfleet and Thoresby, as well as in -Bratoft and Mablethorpe (the two latter also given in Domesday), -were held under the manor of Greetham in addition to those -already named in the more immediate neighbourhood, of Bratoft and -Mablethorpe, appurtenances of Greetham at the time of Domesday -(1080) and continued to be so as late as 1552 (“Linc. N. -& Q.” vol. iv. p. 122).</p> -<p>We will now look at the evidence of Greetham being an -“Honour” as well as a manor. The two properties -of Bolingbroke and Greetham, eventually, after various changes, -passed under the same ownership; both forming parts of the Duchy -of Lancaster. The Honour of Bolingbroke, was also called -the Honour of Richmond, from the Earl and Countess of that name, -the parents of the future Henry IV. of England, the only -Sovereign of England born in Lincolnshire. The manor of -Greetham is sometimes called the “Honour of -Lancaster,” <i>par excellence</i>, but it is quite clear -that Greetham is then intended, and though united, even under one -common management, they were legally regarded and treated as -distinct “Honours.” In a bailiff’s -account of Rents of Assize, and of Court Perquisites (now in the -possession of John Sykes, Esq., F.S.A., of Doncaster, quoted -“Linc. N. & Q.” iii. p. 82), it is specified, -that beside the Bolingbroke Rents, there “is nothing, -because the others are given in the accounts of the Honour of -Lancaster,” <i>i.e.</i> of Greetham; and the same -distinction is observed in the “Perquisites of -Courts,” where we find, “13s. 6d. from two views and -Courts of the Honour of Bolingbroke, and one view and Court of -Honour of Lancaster” (Greetham). Although the two -accounts were thus kept distinct, the Court Rolls of the year (10 -Richard II), show that the Court of both Honours were at that -time “holden together by order of Thomas Hungerforde, -Knight, Chief Steward.” In the earlier of these -Records, Greetham was necessarily described merely as a manor, -because it was not yet connected with royalty, and therefore was -not then an Honour. But in later documents it is frequently -referred <a name="page68"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -68</span>to as such; for instance, in a Chancery Inquisition post -mortem taken at Alford, 22 July <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1506 (21 Henry VII. No. 121), we -find it stated that “Thomas Rygge Gentylman, held certain -lands, with their appurtenances, in Westyrkele and Langton, of -the lord the King, of his Honour of Greteham” -(“Journal of Architect. Society,” 1895, pp. -42–3). It is further stated that “John Afforby -held the manor of Bilsby, of the Lord the King, as of the Honor -of Gretham, of his Duchy of Lancaster” (quoted -“Lincs. N. & Q.” iv. p. 108).</p> -<p>Besides the places already named as belonging to the demesne, -or soke, of Greetham, I find “Lecheburne” -(<i>i.e.</i> Legbourne), Swaby, Elgelo (<i>i.e.</i>, Belleau), -Claythorpe, Totele (<i>i.e.</i>, Tothill), Withern, Haugh, -Calceby, Dalby, Dexthorpe, and many more.</p> -<p>Enough has, however, been said to shew the extent of the soke, -or jurisdiction, of the lords of Greetham, and its rank as an -“Honour” connected at different periods with -royalty.</p> -<p>Its subsequent history, down to the present century, is almost -a blank. The Manor, although still, in our Directories (see -Weir, Kelly, etc.), styled “a parcel of the Duchy of -Lancaster,” has dwindled much in importance; and the -inhabitants are apparently becoming fewer. In 1821 they -numbered 148, in 1843 they were 152, in 1883 they were 147, in -1891 they had dropped to 131. The total acreage is -1250. A few stray notices, connected with by-gone Greetham, -are the following:—In Gibbon’s “Early Lincoln -Wills” (p. 67), Richard de Ravenser, Archdeacon of Lincoln, -by Will, dated “15 May, 1385,” bequeaths a legacy to -Walter de Gretham. Who the latter was, we have no means of -learning. The Ravensers were of a good family. In -Maddison’s “Wills of Lincolnshire” -(1500–1600), p. 26, No. 68, we find that Richard Newcomen, -of Nether Toynton, by will, dated “3 Sep., 1540, left xx -pence to the poor of Greetham.” The Newcomens were -among our oldest families, originally seated at Saltfleetby, -where their names appear in the registers, for many -generations. One of them, John Newcomen, “of -Sallaby,” was involved in the Lincolnshire Rebellion of -1536, along with Monsons, Massingberds, Heneages, Maddisons, and -many other members of leading families. This Richard, -above-named, settled at Low Toynton early in the 16th century, -and his grandson Samuel, <a name="page69"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 69</span>“of Nether Toynton,” -married Frances, daughter of Thomas Massingberd, of Bratoft Hall, -Esq., M.P. Several of them are mentioned in the -Herald’s “Lists of Gentry” in 1634 and 1666, as -residing at Hagnaby, Withern, Bag Enderby, &c. They -have now disappeared from Saltfleetby and “their place -knoweth them no more.” Their pedigree is given in the -“Architectural Society’s Journal” for -1897. Another old record (from the same source) is -“John Dighton of Minting, by Will dated 17 December, 1606, -leaves to Thomas Page of Greetham vj £.” Who -Thomas Page was is unknown; but the Dightons were a well known -family, of mercantile origin at Lincoln; the founder having -served as Mayor and Sheriff; one of them, Thomas resided at -Waddingworth, another at Minting; the chief member, Robert, owned -and occupied the Hall at Stourton Magna, of which traces still -remain in mounds and moats. He also was involved in the -Lincolnshire rebellion. A daughter of Dighton of Stourton -married Edward Clinton, Esq., of Baumber, who afterwards became -Earl of Lincoln, and his descendants Dukes of Newcastle, whose -burial place, for some generations, was at Baumber. -“The fashion of the world changeth” the Dightons are -gone, the Clintons, renovated in blood, remain.</p> -<p>A tradition remains to this day, that Thomas Wentworth, Earl -of Stratford, in the reign of Charles I., and one of his -Sovereign’s most faithful adherents, owned the manor of -Greetham. I cannot find any positive proof of this; but it -seems not at all unlikely, since a lease dated 14 Nov., 1685, was -granted to Sir William Wentworth, Knight, of Ashby Puerorum, who -was a son of Sir William Wentworth, who fell at Marston Moor, -fighting for Charles I; and from him descended the first Earl of -Stafford, of the second creation. <a name="citation69"></a><a -href="#footnote69" class="citation">[69]</a> It is proved -by the award that Thomas, Earl of Stafford was Lord of the Manor -in 1785.</p> -<p><a name="page70"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 70</span>We pass -on to the present century. About the year 1830, John -Fardell, Esq., of Lincoln (who represented that City in -Parliament for a brief period, being unseated on petition) became -owner, by purchase, of the Manor of Greetham, the rest of the -parish, except the Rectory farm of 48 acres, being purchased by -the late Mr. Robert Dennis, who built in 1830, a commodious -residence, Greetham House, where his two daughters now -reside. The manor, and about half the parish, was sold by -the Fardell Trustees to F. Wormall, Esq., whose present -representative is his grand-daughter, Lady Garden of Templemore -Abbey, co. Tipperary; whose father was Colonel Valentine Baker, -one of a family distinguished as sportsmen, travellers, and -soldiers. We have said that the road, or street, on which -the village houses cluster, was probably originally Roman; and -some years ago, the neck of a Roman urn was found near it. -Along this road, to the North is a quarry in which many ammonites -and other fossils are found, in the gravel lying above the white -clay. The age of “Praise God Barebones” and his -Puritanical allies, has long since passed away; but something of -the Puritan Spirit seems to survive in the names of the -villagers, given in the registers, which date from 1653. My -informant had herself known, within recent years, the names -Mordecai, Naomi, Keziah, Solomon, and Bridget shortened into -Briggy. There are also some curious field names. A -boggy field is called the “Waddles”; a similar field -in the almost adjoining parish of Salmonby is called -“Wallows,” both probably referring to a slough of -mire, and the awkward ducklike gait involved in traversing -it. A grass field is named “Thunker,” as -locally pronounced, which may embody the Norse Thing-garth, or -Council enclosure of the great hamlet. Another meadow is -named “Kirtle,” probably the Kirk-dale; while two -fields, one ploughed and the other meadow, are called “the -Gousles,” which Mr. Streatfeild (“Lincolnshire and -the Danes,” p. 174.) considers to mean the first slopes of -the Wolds. “Gaut,” or “gout” -(go-out) means an outlet from a drain; and throughout the whole -range of the Wolds, there are numerous springs, issuing from -their base, not uncommonly possessing medicinal properties. -Greetham is situated on the first spur or projection, of the -Wolds in this locality, and these gousles may have been the <a -name="page71"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 71</span>goutsleys, or -meadows, in which were the sources of local springs.</p> -<p>N.B.—In East Kirkby, at the foot of the Wolds, is a -field named Goutscroft.</p> -<p>There is also a field, named “Cross Close,” from -which the poor receive a yearly dole of 10s., bequeathed by -Elizabeth Somersby, in 1733. Here is a name which would -seem to embody ancient history. We can picture to -ourselves, the Saxon “rude forefathers of the (great) -hamlet,” gathered round that sacred symbol, the village -cross, before a church existed, to listen to the itinerant man of -God, awakening in their hearts a simple faith in a welcome -Saviour. These fields all, or most, of them lie in the -western part of the parish, the property of the Misses -Dennis.</p> -<p>Of the Church, dedicated to All Saints, little can be -said. It is a poor fabric, of Spilsby sandstone, with -square wood-framed windows, one in each side and end. A -“three-decker” pulpit, reading desk, and -clerk’s seat, square pews, a west singing gallery, a very -meagre rood screen of apparently modern poor carving, all painted -wainscot colour. The roof a flat, white-washed ceiling -inside, is covered externally over the nave with lead, which, -from the decay of the supporting timbers is now almost flat, and -probably not in a very safe condition. The chancel roof is -slated and pointed. The font is plain octagonal, with -octagonal shaft, and square basin, within the bowl being a pewter -christening basin, with date “1821.” The single -bell hangs in a shabby bell turret, surmounted by a cross. -A slab records the death of a former Rector, the Rev. Thomas -Jesset, in 1837. The inscriptions on the grave-stones in -the churchyard would imply that the inhabitants are long-lived, -and the place healthy, as it should be, from its elevated and -well-drained position. The Rector has a good residence, -built in 1852.</p> -<p><span class="smcap">Addendum</span>.—The above remarks -on the Church were written in the year 1900. We have much -pleasure in adding, in the year 1903, that the present Rector, -the Rev. T. Hoole, has succeeded in effecting a thorough -restoration of the old fabric, at a cost of about £1,650, -towards which sum, the Misses Dennis, of Greetham House, -contributed £500 each. The Architect was Mr. Hodgson -Fowler, of Durham; the contractors for the <a -name="page72"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 72</span>work were -Messrs. Bowman & Co., of Stamford. The only features of -interest in the former mean structure were a 13th century cross, -and doorway, and the south respond of the chancel arch. The -restored fabric has been constructed in harmony with this -respond. It is throughout of a simple, but effective, late -15th century design. The chancel, vestry, bell-turret, and -porch are new, and the screen has been restored; the nave has new -windows, a well-repaired roof, and new flooring, all the internal -fittings being of oak.</p> -<p>In the course of the work, other features of interest were -discovered, namely, the responds of a south aisle, a north door, -and a Norman entrance into a former tower. All these were -effectively utilised by the architect, with his accustomed skill, -and now the Church, though small, is large enough for the parish, -and a worthy edifice for divine worship, a result which must be -gratifying to all concerned.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Hagworthingham</span>.</h3> -<p>Hagworthingham is a considerable village, at a distance of 6 -miles east of Horncastle, and 4½ north-west of Spilsby, on -the road from Horncastle, <i>via</i> High Toynton and Greetham, -to Partney. Letters <i>via</i> Spilsby, arrive about 9 -a.m. It has its own Post Office, Money Order Office, and -Savings Bank; the nearest telegraph office being at -Spilsby. Of this parish there are several notices in -Domesday Book. It is described as comprising six -manors. These were owned, at the date of the Norman -Conquest, by Thanes named Sivert, Elric, Swen, Swave, -Holinchetel, and Adestan. The Conqueror apparently removed -all these original proprietors, to provide for his own -followers. Few places shew to a greater degree than this -parish the insecurity of tenure which marked those times of -trouble, transition, and lawlessness, when might was right. -The survey of the country, made by order of the Conqueror, in -Lincolnshire in 1085, was called by the Saxons “Domesday -Book,” because it recorded their “doom,” or -their almost universal expropriation from their rights, in favour -of the Normans, who flocked into the country with William. -But the “doom” was not confined to the Saxon. -The Norman intruder, in many cases, found his possessions even -less secure than had been that of those <a -name="page73"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 73</span>whom he -superseded, and the Norman Lords of these demesnes succeeded each -other with such rapidity, that, at this distance of time, it is -beyond our power to trace their connection, in every case, with -each other, or the causes of the changes. Doubtless, in -many instances, having acquired possession through violence to -others, violence again led to the confiscation of what they had -acquired. The first-named of these is Alan, Earl of -Britanny, on whom the Conqueror had conferred his daughter -Constance in marriage. Famed for his valour and martial -spirit, he had held an important command at the Battle of -Hastings; and for his services the Conqueror conferred upon him, -firstly, all the lands in the North Riding of Yorkshire, forming -the district called Richmondshire, which had belonged to the -powerful Saxon Earl Edwin, who was now dispossessed. From -this gift he derived the title of Earl of Richmond, as well as of -Britanny. Dugdale tells us that, altogether he held, by -grant from the Conqueror, 450 Manors, 101 of these being in -Lincolnshire. He seems however, in himself, to have been -not unworthy of so great a position; since, though so great a -warrior, the Chronicler, Ordericus Vitalis, states, that he was -“ever studious for peace, a great lover of the poor, an -especial honourer of the religious”; and that “his -death, without issue created no little sorrow to all good -people.” Such was one of the first Norman Lords of -Hagworthingham. He was succeeded by his brother, also named -Alan. His chief residence, probably, being in Yorkshire, -when not in attendance on the King, he was represented at -Hagworthingham, by his vassal, Eudo, who occupied his land here, -to the extent of 3 carucates (or 360 acres), with dependents, in -whose hands were 5 carucates (or 600 acres) more. Before -proceeding to speak of other Norman Lords connected with this -place, let us notice the name itself of the parish. It has -3 elements: “Haugh,” (says Streatfeild, -“Lincolnshire and the Danes”), “is low, meadow -land, bordering on a stream, and frequently overflowed”; a -kindred form, “Hagi” he says also means a meadow. <a -name="citation73"></a><a href="#footnote73" -class="citation">[73]</a> Anyone standing in <a -name="page74"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 74</span>the -churchyard at Hagworthingham will see below him westward, just -such a low-lying meadow, traversed by a beck. The second -element in the name is “Worthing.” Here we seem -to have the Saxon “Weorthig,” which enters into many -a place-name as “Worth”; (compare Waddingworth, and -Benniworth in the neighbourhood); which is derived from the old -Saxon “Warian,” to ward or protect. Hence these -two elements mean the warded, or fenced, meadow, and -“Ham,” the last element, also is Saxon, and means a -place <i>hem</i>med in; but especially the residence, the -“home,” or the collection gathered round the one -house, now forming the “hamlet.” What could -give a more speaking description of the locality? It is the -homestead, and afterwards the residences of the villagers -gathered round it, whose position was on the higher ground, -because they wished to be above the low-lying enclosed meadow, -liable to be flooded by the brook, which runs through it, when -swollen by the rain. Even in these days of drainage -universal, the fox-hunter, in crossing that grassy valley, may -still find his steed “boggled” in the slough of -quagmire. In connection with this we may mention, that even -in modern times, this dampness has not been forgotten.</p> -<p>In a note to Chap. ii. vol. i. of Smiles’ “Lives -of Engineers,” it is stated that, when Dr. Whalley was -appointed to the Rectory of this parish, it was with the singular -proviso, that he should not reside in it, as the air was fatal to -any but a native (Letters and Correspondence of T. S. Whalley, -D.D.)</p> -<p>Another Norman soldier, named in Domesday as having a grant of -land in Hagworthingham from the Conqueror was Drogo de -Bevere. He was a Fleming by birth, and for his services in -the cause of the King had many lordships given him in -Lincolnshire and other counties. Among others, he had the -lordship of all Holderness, in which was Beverley, whence he had -the title of “Terrius de Bevere.” He was -however of a very grasping and overbearing disposition. Not -content with the lordship of Holderness, he wished further to -seize lands given by the King to the Church of St. John at -Beverley. Camden says that, as a mark of royal favour, he -received in marriage the Conqueror’s niece; but that he got -rid of her by poison; and then fled the country to escape the -punishment he deserved. <a name="page75"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 75</span>He was succeeded (his estates being -probably confiscated) by Odo, Lord of Albemarle, in Normandy -(Camden “Britannia” p. 742, Ed. 1695.)</p> -<p>To this Drogo was granted all the land in Hagworthingham, -which at the conquest had belonged to the Saxon Thane, Adestan, -including “a hall, with sac and soke” (or the right -to hold a court of justice for the trial of misdemeanours), with -8 villeins occupying considerable lands under him, and a mill of -the value of 18d. yearly. As his chief residence, when not -in attendance on the King, would probably be in Holderness, he -was here represented by one Robert, who was his vassal.</p> -<p>Another name mentioned as having property in this parish, is -Gozlin, son of Lambert, of whom little is known. This was -one of the 222 parishes in the county which had a church before -the Conquest; and Domesday Book states that he had the church -here, as well as a mill; but as it is added that “the -soke” (or jurisdiction) belonged to Gilbert de Gaunt, the -latter was evidently the superior lord. Gozlin had lands in -39 parishes in Lincolnshire, besides those in other counties; but -Gilbert de Gaunt had 113 Manors in this county, besides 41 in -other counties.</p> -<p>It has been mentioned that, on the flight of Drogo de Bevere, -after poisoning the Conqueror’s niece, his estates were -transferred to Odo, Earl of Albemarle. <a -name="citation75"></a><a href="#footnote75" -class="citation">[75]</a> Accordingly we find the old -record, Testa de Nevill, p. 336. (<i>Circa</i> 1213), stating, -“the Earl of Albemarle” holds of the King (land) in -Hagworthingham, which Gilbert de Langton holds, as his -vassal.</p> -<p>About the same time the same old record states that the Earl -of Chester, besides other neighbouring possessions, held land of -the King in Hagworthingham, which the same Gilbert de Langton -held under him, as his vassal. This Earl was the only son -of Hugh d’Abrincis (or Avranches), one of the most -important among the followers of the Conqueror, who was his -uncle. William gave to him numerous manors in this and -other counties, and especially the earldom of Chester. He -was surnamed Lupus, or the Wolf, for his daring deeds. It -was supposed that he was granted the county of Chester, that he -might restrain the <a name="page76"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -76</span>incursions of the neighbouring Welsh people, the -stubborn descendants of the old Britons; and this he did with a -vengeance, for, in conjunction with Hugh Montgomery, Earl of -Shrewsbury, he took the Isle of Anglesey from the Welsh. -Later in life, to make up for his tyrannous proceedings, he -became a monk of the Abbey of St. Werberg, of his own -establishment in Chester, and died there, in 1101. The Earl -of Chester held in Lincolnshire about a score of manors, besides -more than that number in Leicester, 32 in Suffolk, many in other -counties, and the whole of Cheshire. At this stage the -successive, or contemporary Lords of these manors become too -complicated a tissue to unravel here. Some of the manors -became merged in the superior manor of Richmond or Bolingbroke; -some, in that of Greetham. The Earl of Chester enfeoffed -before his death, William de Hardyshall, of certain land in -Hagworthingham, where his descendant resided in the 14th -century. A Gilbert de Langton held land here as a vassal of -Alan de Mumby; his son John, held the same lands under a de -Quincy. Hawise de Quincy, Countess of Lincoln in her own -right, had a daughter Margaret, who married John de Lacy, and the -de Lacies thus became Earls of Lincoln. At one period, -members of two different families were at the same time Earls of -Lincoln. After a succession of steps, John of Gaunt became -Earl of Lincoln, and ultimately Duke of Lancaster, and held many -of these manors.</p> -<p>Walter de Gant gave land in Hagworthingham to Bardney -Abbey. The Abbot of Bardney (“Placito de -Warranto,” p. 409), claimed the right to have a gallows in -Hagworthingham, as well as in Edlington and other places. -Other owners were Laurence de Dikeby, who died 1270, Robert de -Altomonte, 1274, William de Saxill, in 1280. Gilbert de -Hagworthingham is named in an Assize Roll (No. 478, John <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1202), Walter de Hagworthingham and -his son Philip, are named in an Assize Roll, 5 Ed. III. -1331. In the 14th century the Cupledyke family had land in -Hagworthingham, <i>viz.</i>, Roger de Cupledyke, who died 1324, -and Alexander who died, 1335. In the 15 century, Thomas -Blunt held a manor here, of the Duchy of Lancaster, dying in -1468. <a name="citation76"></a><a href="#footnote76" -class="citation">[76]</a> The great family of Welles, <a -name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 77</span>also -connected with the Dymokes, acquired lands here, which were -forfeited after the battle of Loose-coat field, when Sir Robert -Welles was attainted and executed at Doncaster, for espousing the -Lancastrian cause, 1470. In the next century the old county -family of the Hansards held a manor here, by Knight’s -service, of the Honour of Bolingbroke. Sir William Hansard -died 1520, leaving as his heir his granddaughter Elizabeth. -Robert Marbury, in 1545 died, seized of a third part of a manor -in this parish, which he left to his son William. Humphrey -Littlebury, of East Kirkby, died Nov. 3rd, 1558, seized of a -manor here, which was connected with the superior manor of Herby -(probably Hareby, and equivalent to the Honour of Bolingbroke), -which he held of the Queen (Elizabeth) by fealty. He also -held another manor here, of the Queen’s manor of Greenwich, -which had belonged to Bardney Abbey; the gift, as stated above, -of Walter de Gaunt.</p> -<p>John Littlebury, of Hagworthingham, Esq., by will, dated 20 -June, 1535, requests that he may be buried in the parish Church -“before our Lady of the Rood.” He seems to have -been a man of large property, for he bequeaths “to my wife -£40, due to me from Mr. John Hercy; £4 of land in -Somersby, Tetford, Skegness and Orby, to bring up my children in -their nonage.” This she is to have for life; and then -Somersby and Tetford are to go to his son George and his heirs -male; Skegness and Orby to his son Peter and heirs male, and -failing them, to his son Humphrey, and his heirs. “My -sheep gate called Thorpe in the Mires (I leave) to my wife for -her life, and then to my son Humphrey and Ursulay his wife, -according to the indenture between me and Mr. Hercy. To my -three daughters, my brother Humphrey Myssendyne 10s. a year for -life, out of my copyhold held of Lord Willoughby.” -His wife is to have the “putting in of the priests at -Langton,” <i>i.e.</i>, the presentation to the benefice for -her life, and after her death, the “first avoidence of one -priest” is to go to his son Humphrey, the other to his <a -name="page78"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 78</span>son -Thomas. To his son Thomas his lands in Kealcotes. To -his wife he leaves “my copyholds held of Lord Willoughby; -and the farm of my son Langton, as long as the lease -lasteth.” Also “if my wife be in decay in her -widowhood, I will that she give no peny to her daughters, of the -£40 that is appointed to every of them, and if they be not -rewled by her in their marriage they are to have nothing. -Item. I will all my children be contente with the lands -which was assigned to me by my brother, and the feoffe of my -father’s purchased lands; and if they, or any of them, be -interrupted of the parts assygned to them by my neve Thomas, or -his heires, I wyll they restate their tytyll of Richmonde fee, -wych is the moyty of 360 akers, as it apperyth by a customar -booke remaynyng with my wyfe, and a crosse set at the hede of it -by Sir John Lyttlebury my grandfader’s fader. I -appoint my brother John Eland supervisior, and my wyfe -ex’x.” Witnesses, William Langton Gent, Sir -Malmaduke Myssendyne and Sir Richard Cheles, of Ashby -Puerorum. Various other wills show that Thomas Littlebury -had lands at Hagworthingham in 1589, that Humphrey, of East -Kirkby, held land in Hagg in 1568, and that Margaret Littlebury, -of Stainsby, held land there in 1582.</p> -<p>The will of John Gedney, of Bag Enderby, mentions his lands in -Hagg in 1535. The Gedneys were an old family in this -neighbourhood. In the church at Bag Enderby, there is a -stone mural monument, commemorating Andrew Gedney and Dorothy his -wife, with their two sons and two daughters kneeling before -prayer desks, date 1591. There is a slab of John Gedney in -the floor, date 1535. <a name="citation78"></a><a -href="#footnote78" class="citation">[78]</a> Andrew Gedney -married Dorothy, daughter of Sir William Skipwith, of South -Ormsby, in 1536. Within recent years Arthur P. H. Gedney, a -cousin of the writer, owned Candlesby Hall, near here.</p> -<p>The will of John Gannock, of Boston, shews that he also was a -landowner here, in 1583.</p> -<p>In 1572, Francis Bountague, died seized of a manor in -Hagworthingham, which he held of the King, as of the manor of -Greetham, of the Duchy of Lancaster.</p> -<p><a name="page79"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 79</span>John -Littlebury, gent., of Hagworthingham, by will dated 27th March, -1594, bequeaths to Mr. William Wray, “the ring that it -pleased my lady, his mother, to give me.” The Lady -Wray, would be the wife of Lord Chief Justice Wray (temp. -Elizabeth), whose residence was at Glentworth—he died in -1592; they were an old Durham family. The fine house at -Glentworth continued to be the family residence of the Wrays, -until Sir Cecil Wray, Bart., erected “Summer Castle” -at Fillingham, in 1760, so called from Esther Summers, Lady -Wray. Mr. John Littlebury also leaves to Sir George St. -Poll, “my half part of the hawks,” with bequests to -other relatives. Sir G. St. Poll or St. Paul, or Simpole, -was a member of a good Lincolnshire family, their chief residence -being at Snarford. Mr. John Saintpole was compulsively -mixed up with the Lincolnshire Rising in 1536. The -grandson, George, was created a Baronet in 1611. They were -connected with the Hansards, already mentioned as having land in -Hagworthingham.</p> -<p>Yet one more will of a Littlebury concerns us. John -Littleburye (28 Sep. 1611), requests to be buried in Hag -church. He leaves to the poor 20s.; to his son John, his -land in Raithbye, for his life, and for his “bringing up in -learning.” £100 to his daughter Bridgett, -“soe that shee be ruled by mye wief her mother in -marriage,” with £200 to be paid her when -married. “To my wief Anne the lease of Orbye from Mr -Massingberd, alsoe my stocke and cattle, with all my plate and -furniture.” As the children are young he confirms an -indenture previously made with Richard Gedney, and others, to act -as trustees.</p> -<p>Sir John Langton, of Langton, by will dated 25 Sep. 1616, also -left to the poor of Hagworthingham 10s., and like bequests to -other places.</p> -<p>(These particulars are taken from “Lincolnshire -Wills,” by Canon Maddison).</p> -<p>Among “Final Concords,” there are agreements about -lands in Hagworthingham, under date 26 Oct. 1208, between Thomas -de Winceby and Gilbert and Osbert of Hag, under date 20 Jan. -1213–14, between Mary, the wife of Hugh, son of Robert, -Ernald de Dunham acting for her and Hugh de Harrington, -appertaining to her “reasonable dowery;” and under -the same date between the same Mary, and John de Bardney, as to -land called “Sigwardes Croft,” in -“Hacworthingeham, which Mary surrenders to <a -name="page80"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 80</span>John de -Bardney and his heirs,” he for this giving her 2 marks.</p> -<p>We have already mentioned that in the 14th century, Roger de -Cupledyke who died 1324, and Alexander, who died in 1335 had land -in Hagworthingham. We also find that John Copledyke of -Harrington, by will dated Palm Sunday, 1408, left to his sons -lands in Hagworthingham, and other places.</p> -<p>In the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. a certain John Parker -of this place became somewhat notorious as a religious and -political turncoat. He made a public declaration “of -the manner in which he had been drawn from the service of God to -become a Papist,” dated 12 December, 1580; but in 1605, -evidence was taken against him at Enderby, as to his making -certain seditious speeches, and he was pronounced to be a -Recusant (“Domestic State Papers” James I. vol. xv. -“Architect. S. Journal” 1865 p. 55).</p> -<p>At the present day the only one of the old families of -proprietors in this parish is the Rev. Alan Cheales above named, -descended from Sir Richard Cheales who lived as far back as -1535. At the present time Earl Manvers is Lord of the -Manor; Sir Henry D. Ingelby, Bart., the trustees of the late Rev. -W. A. Bathurst, and the Wingate family are the principal -landowners, the larger portion belonging to Mr. Cheales. We -now proceed to the Church. It is beautifully situated on -the slope of a steep hill commanding a view along a deep valley -to the west, of fertile soil varied by copse and whin; and it is -surrounded by a beautifully kept God’s acre. The -Church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, consists of tower, nave, -south aisle and chancel. In the tower are 8 melodious -bells. The Church was carefully restored and largely -rebuilt in 1859; but still retains several of its original Early -English features. The tower, of green sandstone, being much -decayed, had new belfry windows inserted, but still retains its -patched appearance by a mixture of brick: the green and red tints -blending harmoniously. Towards the west end of the north -wall is one of the old Early English pilaster buttresses; and at -the east bay of the same wall is an original low-side -window. Within, the aisle arcade of four bays is supported -by circular-shafted pillars, having rudely-designed caps; the -arches above being not <a name="page81"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 81</span>sufficiently massive to correspond, -and their junction clumsy. These low arches produce a sort -of “dim religious light.” The aisle itself is -entirely new; as are also the seats and fittings generally. -The early English font has a plain octagonal bowl, supported upon -a central shaft, and unengaged subsidiary shaftlets. The -east windows are modern, but may be reproductions of the -old. That in the east end (of three lights) is filled with -coloured glass by Wailes, in memory of the Cheales family. -There is a modern brass on the north side of the chancel, -commemorating the Rev. Henry Cheales sometime Vicar of Burton -Pedwardine, “and for sixty-six years a landowner of this -parish,” 1870.</p> -<p>N.B.—The Parish Registers contain a large numbers of -names of this family. The earliest mention of them is in -the Church Book Topographical Collection of Sir Joseph Banks, -1786, where Hugh Cheales is given as one of the Churchwardens, 25 -Henry VIII. (1534).</p> -<p>The window in the north wall is by Clayton and Bell, that in -the south wall by Powell. They commemorate the families of -the late Rector the Rev. F. Pickford, and his wife’s -relatives, the Listers of Burwell Park; one also being in memory -of the late Prince Consort. “The whole effect,” -says the late Bishop Suffragan, Dr. E. Trollope, one of our -greatest authorities, “is most pleasing and -appropriate.” Gervase Holles the antiquarian says -that, when he visited the Church (temp. Chas. I.) there was in -the Chancel this fragmentary inscription, “Hic jacet . . . -Redilston quondam Rector istius Ecclesiæ.” He -says also, “on a gravestone of blue marble in ye body of ye -Church is pourtrayed in brasse one in compleate armour, bearing -upon ye manches of his coate of arms, on either side, 2 -crescents. Between his feet a right hand couped. The -rest is defaced.” (Harleian MSS., No. 6829.) -The benefice was formerly in the gift of the Bishop of Ely (see -Ecton’s “Thesaurus” p. 188); the patron is now -the Bishop of Lincoln.</p> -<p>In the Registers were formerly some curious entries of -“Briefs,” or Royal Letters, issued for various -charitable objects, among 65 which were publicly read in Church -in the 14 years from 1653 to 1667, 24 were for relief in cases of -loss by fire; others were for various purposes; one <a -name="page82"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 82</span>being -“For the Church of Lithuania being under persecution” -(1661). <a name="citation82"></a><a href="#footnote82" -class="citation">[82]</a></p> -<p>Walter de Gaunt gave the manor, benefice, and six oxgangs of -land, and “a view of frankpledge” in this parish to -Bardney Abbey (Dugdale’s “Monasticon,” 1682, p. -143).</p> -<p>In sinking a well in 1897, on the property of Mr. Cheales in -this parish, there were found at a depth of about 45ft. fragments -of “Brinkhill gold” and fossilized wood. The -gold has also been found in the churchyard. It is -pronounced, chemically, to be a form of silicate of -aluminia. Iron pyrite is also found, abounding in small -fossils. The rectory is now held by the Rev. G. R. -Ekins. The rectory house was built in 1841, a very -commodious residence, at a cost of about £2000, by the late -Rector the Rev. F. Pickford, the memory of whose family still -remains in the parish, and many miles round it, as “a sweet -smelling savour.”</p> -<p>There is a rent charge of £8 for the poor paid out of -the estate, about 700 acres, of the Cheales family.</p> -<p>The Rev. William Dales also in 1667 left land, the rent of -which was for the poor and the bell-ringers.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Hameringham</span>.</h3> -<p>Hameringham is about 4 miles from Horncastle, in a south-east -direction, the road passing through Mareham-on-the-Hill. -The marriage register dates from 1744, those for burials and -baptisms from 1777. Letters, <i>via</i> Horncastle, arrive -at 10 a.m.</p> -<p><a name="page83"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 83</span>We know -little of the early history of this village; it is not named in -Domesday Book, but in a list of military tenures, of the reign of -Henry I. about <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1108, the -“Hundred of Hamringeheim” is mentioned, and -“Count Richard,” probably the Norman Earl of Chester, -is said to hold there eleven carucates and four oxgangs, or -nearly 1400 acres, and Gilbert Fitz Gocelin had four oxgangs, or -about 60 acres (“Old Lincolnshire,” vol. i. pp. 213, -214).</p> -<p>In the year 1208 Henry, son of Geoffrey, granted to Ralph, -Abbot of Revesby, and his successors, an oxgang of land and a -messuage in Hameringham; the said Ralph giving to the said Henry -20s., in consideration thereof.</p> -<p>In the year 1529, Jane Sheffield, widow, of Croxby, in her -will dated 7 January, refers to a deed of feoffment, dated 4 -June, 8 Henry VIII., whereby Sir John Sheffield, Parson of -Hameringham, and others are feoffed of certain lands, for her -life; Sir John Sheffield and Alexander Amcotts, Gent., being -supervisors. (“Lincolnshire Wills,” page 6, No. -14).</p> -<p>In 1540 John Angevin of Ashby by Horncastle, by will, dated 10 -Oct. makes his wife Margaret, executrix, and confirms to her -lands in Ashby and Hameringham, to remain in her hands -“unto suche tyme, as all suche goods as I am bownden, and -myne heyres, in covenants by indenture to Sir Rycherde Warde, and -to Sir Robert, be fully paid.” To which is added, in -a different hand, “I Robert Awngeven agreed to this -wyll.” The Angevins disappear in the 17th century; -but one of the family held land in Hameringham in the reign of -Henry VIII. (“Lincolnshire Wills,” p. 28, No. -72). By will, dated 20 April, 1545, Robert Angevin, of -Langton by Horncastle, leaves his land in Hameringham to his son -William. (Ibidem p. 36, No. 96). <a -name="citation83"></a><a href="#footnote83" -class="citation">[83]</a></p> -<p>By will, dated 10 Sept. 1612, George Litilburie, of Somersby, -leaves to his nephew Jeffery Litelburie all his apparell, and -lands in Winceby and Hameringham. <a -name="page84"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 84</span>He wishes his -armes to be “sette in the walle (of the church) as my -grandfather’s was at Ashby (Puerorum).”</p> -<p>Among the Revesby charters is one, of date 1198, whereby -Richard I. grants and confirms to the monks of Revesby certain -lands in Hameringham, Enderby, and elsewhere (Dugdale v. -456).</p> -<p>By a deed in the reign of Richard I., or John, William, son of -Gaufrid, clerk, of Hameringham, gives to the monks of Revesby 9 -acres of arable land in Hameringham, a meadow called -“Baldvinegaire <a name="citation84a"></a><a -href="#footnote84a" class="citation">[84a]</a> and pasture near -the 9 acres, and other lands; free of all service,” save -that the monks are to pay to the donor annually “two spurs -of the cost of one nummus,” at Michaelmas.</p> -<p>By a deed early in the 13th century Symon, son of Hugo, of -Dunsthorpe, gives to the monks one toft in Hameringham, and 10 -acres, and one selion in a place called Thyrne, and 2 selions in -Pesedalegate, <a name="citation84b"></a><a href="#footnote84b" -class="citation">[84b]</a> free from all claims.</p> -<p>In the reign of Henry III. Juetta, daughter of Alan, of -Hameringham, gave to the Abbey of Revesby, 4 acres of arable -land, for the purpose of gate-alms. In the reign of Edwd. -I. Robert Cressaunt of Tuluse gave his rights and claims on lands -in Tuluse, Hameringham, and elsewhere, to the monks of Revesby, -on condition that they pay to him and his heirs annually -8<i>s.</i> Alicia the daughter of William, son of Alward of -Hameringham, in the same reign, gave a half toft for the Revesby -almsbox; with pasturage rights for 26 sheep and 4 cattle and 4 -pigs in Hameringham; the monks to pay to her 6<i>d.</i> -annually.</p> -<p>Sir Lionel Dymoke, by will, dated 15 Ap. 1512, bequeathed -“for churche walke in hameringham xx<sup>d</sup>. to John -Sheffield parsone of hameringham, . . . to pray for me, my wyf -Anne, and my wyf Jane deceased, and for all christen -soules.” “Linc. N. & Q.” iv. p. -12.</p> -<p>On the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII. that -sovereign granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, <a -name="page85"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 85</span>in -consideration of his “acceptable and long service,” -“all manner of houses, messuages, &c.,” along -with the lands, hitherto belonging to the monastery of Revesby, -including property in Hameringham, and nearly 50 other parishes, -to be held of the crown, on payment of the fifth part of one -soldier’s service, and an annual payment of £28 to -the Court of Augmentations every Michaelmas, the duke’s -title to date “from March 1, in the 29th year of our reign -(1538).”</p> -<p>[These different documents are among the Revesby charters, -printed by the late Right Honble. E. Stanhope, M.P.]</p> -<p>The benefice of Hameringham was formerly charged with a -pension of 6s. to the Prior of Bullington. In the early -part of the 18th century, the Chaplin family would seem to have -been proprietors here, as Mr. Thomas Chaplin presented to the -benefice in 1712 and 1720. The manor now belongs to the -Coltman family, who are also patrons of the benefice; and there -are several smaller proprietors.</p> -<p>Scrafield, which has now no church, is united to -Hameringham. Some of the communion plate is ancient, being -Elizabethan, the rest is modern, being presented by the late -Rector, Rev. Joseph Coltman.</p> -<p>Hameringham church, All Saints, stands appropriately on almost -the highest ground in the vicinity, so that the parishioners may -look, and wend, upward to it. It was restored by the -present Rector, the Rev. Brice Smith, in 1894, the architect -being Mr. Hodgson Fowler. It now consists of nave, chancel, -and south aisle. It has, doubtless, gone through -vicissitudes at various periods, as is evidenced by remains and -records. In 1800 there was no chancel in existence. -In 1820 a chancel was built by the then Rector, the Rev. Joseph -Coltman. There was at one time a much larger edifice, of -which the foundations were discovered by the present Rector, in -preparing for the restoration. The chancel arch is Early -English. The west window is modern, perpendicular in -style. In the north wall of the nave is one window, -perpendicular, of three lights, near the pulpit. The pulpit -is of plain oak, with the old hour glass frame still affixed to -it, and containing an ancient hour glass, recovered from a -villager. These remnants of the days of long discourses are -now very rare. There is still one in the church at Cowden, -near <a name="page86"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -86</span>Edenbridge, Kent. The arcade of the south aisle is -of the 13th century, renewed in the 14th century with Lincoln -stone. It consists of three bays, with two octagonal -pillars having carved capitals; the eastern-most support is a -circular, single, small shaft, apparently Norman, with carved -capital, different from the others; where the moulding of the two -eastern arches meet, the corbel is a King’s head; these two -arches are considerably broader than the western one, which is -pointed. This western pillar is the original 13th century -one. The south wall is of the late 12th century, and the -south porch arch is the original. In the south wall are two -windows east of the porch, and one west of it, each having two -lights, and a quatrefoil above, style perpendicular. There -is a piscina near the door. The roof of the restored nave -is of modern pitch pine. The chancel roof is considerably -below the chancel arch. It is apparently of wood, and has -formerly been divided into panels. The chancel is so long, -that the communion table is placed 7 or 8 feet west of the east -wall, and the space behind, shut off by drapery, forms a -vestry. The east window, in perpendicular style, is of 3 -lights, with six smaller lights above, within the arch. The -font is a very old and interesting one, octagonal, on an -octagonal shaft; the devices, quatrefoils, &c., on the faces -of the bowl are much mutilated, those on the shaft are -perpendicular mouldings on 5 sides, and on the three other sides -are grotesque figures, much mutilated, the centre one being -winged, and supposed to represent St. Michael. It stands on -a plain oblong slab. There is one good medieval bell, the -other being the “Sanctus bell,” re-cast in the -Jubilee year 1887, as it had become cracked. The entire -church is built of Spilsby green sandstone, faced in the porch -with red Dumfries stone.</p> -<p>The visitor to Hameringham from Horncastle, looking south and -westward, will see some beautifully wooded scenery, around -Scrivelsby Park, Haltham, and beyond towards Revesby, -Tattershall, &c. the view extending even beyond the Fens; -with the spires of Heckington and other churches towering up in -the dim distance, twenty miles or more away, a most delightful -prospect. Conspicuous among these objects is the -magnificent tower, with its lantern, of what is commonly called -Boston Stump.</p> -<h3><a name="page87"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 87</span><span -class="smcap">Hareby</span>.</h3> -<p>Hareby is situated about 7 miles, in an easterly direction -from Horncastle, is about 1 mile west of Bolingbroke, and -4½ miles from Spilsby. From the first place it is -approached by the old Roman road from Horncastle to Waynflete, as -far as the cross-roads at Lusby, turning to the right for -half-a-mile and then to the left. It is a small parish, of -less than 40 inhabitants, and comprising about 740 acres. -Letters, <i>via</i> Spilsby, arrive at 8.30 a.m. The -nearest money order office is at Bolingbroke, the nearest -telegraph office at Spilsby. Hareby Manor House, the -property of Messrs. Ramsden and Taylor, stands on a steep -hill-side, commanding extensive views over Bolingbroke, West -Keal, and southward, far away to the waters of “The -Wash.” It has been said that the name of Hareby, and -probably also that of Eresby—the older name of -Spilsby—is derived from the hares, which formerly abounded -on these hills and valleys of the Wolds, the “South -Wolds,” as we might here call them, of Lincolnshire. <a -name="citation87"></a><a href="#footnote87" -class="citation">[87]</a> We are only able to recover -fragmentary particulars, “disjecta membra,” of the -past history of this parish. From Domesday Book we gather, -that, like Miningsby, Bolingbroke, and many other neighbouring -parishes, it was once the property of Ivo Taillebois, through his -marriage with the Lady Lucia, heiress of the Saxon princely -family of the Thorolds, whom the Conqueror bestowed upon -him. They were married in <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1072, and on his death, without male -issue, in 1114, the Lady Lucia married Roger de Romara, who thus, -through her, became Lord of Bolingbroke, with other manors in the -<a name="page88"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 88</span>soke of -that demesne. At that period the parish would seem to have -been more populous than it is at the present day; the Domesday -survey, giving the acreage as four carucates (or 480 acres), -rateable to gelt; adds, that thirty-three socmen, five villeins -and five bordars had another four carucates, and 100 acres of -meadow.</p> -<p>The Lady Lucia, marrying as her 3rd husband the Norman noble, -Ranulph, he delivered some of her estates to the King, Henry I., -in return for the dignity of the Earldom of Chester. -Against this, William de Romara, her son by her late husband, -Roger de Romara, protested, but in vain. Some years later, -however, Henry I. restored to him some of his mother’s -property, and made him Earl of Lincoln; and later still, by the -exchange of some lands in Normandy with Robert de Tillot, he -acquired the lordships of Hareby, Hundleby and Mavis -Enderby. By his wife Maud, daughter of Richard de Redver, -he had a son William, who married Hawise, daughter of Stephen, -Earl of Albemarle. The last of the Romaras dying without -male issue, the property passed to Gilbert de Gaunt, who married -his daughter, who also succeeded to the Earldom of Lincoln. -Robert de Gaunt forfeited the property by rebelling against King -John, and the estates were conferred upon Ranulph de Meschines, -surnamed de Blundeville (<i>i.e.</i>, of Oswestry), Earl of -Chester, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1100–1120. He died with issue, but assigned to -Hawise, one of his sisters, the Earldom and manors. She -married Robert de Quincy, son of the Earl of Winchester, whose -daughter Margaret, married John de Lacy, a descendant of the -Barons of Pontefract. His son Edmund, left issue Henry (and -others), who, dying without surviving issue, bequeathed his -property to the heirs of Edmund Plantagenet; after various -changes the property again came to a Gaunt, John, afterwards Duke -of Lancaster, and father of Henry of Bolingbroke, who later on -succeeded to the throne as Henry IV. <a name="citation88"></a><a -href="#footnote88" class="citation">[88]</a> In the course, -however, of the these changes, Hareby, and some other manors, had -become separated from Bolingbroke, and had passed to the -Willoughby family, since we find that in the time of Edw. III., -father of Henry of Bolingbroke, John Willoughby, held “the -<a name="page89"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 89</span>manors of -Wester Kele with Hareby, Lusby, Easter Kele, &c.” -(Chancery Inquisition, 46 Ed. III. No. 78). The family of -Willoughby, although originally holding lands under the Becs, who -were lords of Spilsby, Eresby, &c., &c., subsequently -inter-married with that family, and thus succeeded to some of -their property, and were the ancestors of the family of the -present Lords Willoughby d’Eresby, and eventually acquired -very large possessions in these parts, much of which they still -retain.</p> -<p>We find, however, at different periods, various other parties -holding lands in, or connected with, Hareby.</p> -<p>In a Revesby Charter (No. 28, collection of the late Right -Hon. E. Stanhope), conveying the right of lands in East Kirkby to -Revesby Abbey (temp. Henry II. or Richard I.) the first witness -is Alan, Dean of Hareby, others being, Aschetill, priest of Keal, -Alan, priest of Asgarby, &c.</p> -<p>By another Charter (No. 53 temp. Richard I. or John), Henry -Smerehorn of East Kirkby, gives his home-born -(“nativum”) servant, Robert, son of Colvan, with all -his chattells to Revesby Abbey, and receives in return “one -silver mark from Peter, the monk of Hareby.” This -monk of Hareby would therefore seem to be a nominee of the Abbot -of Revesby.</p> -<p>And this connection is confirmed by another charter (No. 92, -temp. Henry III.), by which the Abbot and monks of Revesby lease -certain lands in Stickney to Bricius, son of Roger, clerk of -Stickney, to which deed the witnesses are Walter of Hareby, at -that time Prior of Revesby; Reginald the cellarer, John of -Moorby, Alan of Horncastle, &c., so that it would seem the -former priest, or dean, of Hareby, was promoted to the Priorate -of Revesby.</p> -<p>By another charter (No. 129, temp. Ed. I.), Alan son of -Richard atte Grene (or, as we should now say, Richard Green) -gives certain lands in East Kirkby to the Abbey, the monks paying -in return, “one farthing a year” to Alan, son of -William, son of Roger Palmer, of Hareby, and his heirs, at the -feast of St. Botolph, for all claims on the land.</p> -<p>By another charter (150 B.), lands in Hareby, Bolingbroke, -West Keale, &c., formerly belonging to Revesby Abbey, are -conveyed by Henry VIII., on the dissolution of the monasteries, -to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk.</p> -<p><a name="page90"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 90</span>Another -name, once well-known in the neighbourhood, is found connected -with Hareby, in the 15th century. In a Chancery -Inquisition, 32 Henry VI., 1453, taken at Horncastle, the -witnesses on oath are Walter Tailbois, Esq., William Dalison, of -Hareby, and others. The Dalisons (doubtless originally -d’Alencon), were a very old Lincolnshire family, seated at -Laughton, probably of Norman extraction. In the 16th -century Sir Francis Ayscoughe a member of another very old county -family <a name="citation90a"></a><a href="#footnote90a" -class="citation">[90a]</a> married, as his 2nd wife, Elizabeth, -daughter of Robert Dighton, Esq., of Stourton, and widow of Sir -William Dalyson.</p> -<p>In 1635 Robert Bryan died, at Bolingbroke (March 7th) seized -of lands in Bolingbroke and Hareby, which he held of the Crown, a -captain Bryan being governor of the Castle in the time of the -Commonwealth, and a few years later, (1663), a grant of leases in -reversion of demesne land was made in favour of the widow of -Thomas Blagge, groom of the bedchamber <a -name="citation90b"></a><a href="#footnote90b" -class="citation">[90b]</a> (“Architect. S. Journal,” -1865, p. 57).</p> -<p>We have mentioned this manor as formerly being the property of -the Plantagenets. Of this there exists a curious piece of -evidence. One Alan de Cuppledyke, <a -name="citation90c"></a><a href="#footnote90c" -class="citation">[90c]</a> was appointed by Edward II. governor -of Bolingbroke castle, and his steward’s accounts still -exist. In one passage he says that “the open woods of -Hundleby, Kirkby and Hareby Thorns cannot be agisted (modern -Linc. ‘gisted,’ <i>i.e.</i>, let to be stocked with -cattle), on account of the <i>new coppice</i>, planted by the -late Earl,” <i>i.e.</i>, Thomas Plantagenet, the recent -owner, the King’s cousin, but who had forfeited his -property, by stirring up a rebellion. This probably may be -said to be the only wood in England which can be proved to have -been planted by a Plantagenet (“Arch. S. Journ.” -1865, p. 43).</p> -<p>The Littleburies, whose chief residence in this neighbourhood -was Stainsby House, in the parish of Ashby <a -name="page91"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 91</span>Puerorum, -formerly owned land in Hareby. Humphrey Littlebury, of East -Kirkby, in his will, dated 1 Sep., 1568, among other property -mentions land in Hareby. <a name="citation91"></a><a -href="#footnote91" class="citation">[91]</a></p> -<p>Another old family connected with Hareby was that of the -Skynners. Henry Skynner of Bolingbroke, by his will of date -29 May, 1612, leaves to his daughter Judith, all his copyholds in -Harebie, and £100 when she is married, or 21 years of age; -to his brother, Sir Vincent Skynner, knight, and his heirs, he -bequeaths certain lands in Harebie, and other places, with the -advowson of the parsonage of Harebie, “all of which I -lately purchased of him, on condition that he pay to my executor -the sum of £60, within six months of my decease, which sum -I have already paid for my said brother, unto Margery Neale of -Horncastle, deceased, or else this gift is utterly void, and I -give it to my daughters . . . I have made surrender of all my -customary messuages, lands, &c., in Bullenbroke and Harebie, -into his Majestie’s hands by Vincent, in the name of one -Grave, in the presence of Richard Smyth, gent., and -others.” This testator was the son of John Skynner, -and brother of Sir Vincent Skinner, of Thornton Curtis.</p> -<p>Mention has been made of Robert Bryan as owning land in -Hareby, in 1635. Members of the same family would seem to -have had property there nearly a century later, as John Bryan was -patron of the benefice in 1754, and united it to that of -Bolingbroke. In 1555 King Philip and Queen Mary presented -Gilbert Skroweston to Hareby; but in 1779 the patronage of the -united benefice had passed to Matthew Wildbore, Esq. In -1834 the patron was Earl Brownlow; in 1836, C. Bosanquet, Esq.; -and in 1863, Sir John W. Smith, Bart.; after him the trustees of -the late G. Bainbridge, Esq., held the patronage, which now has -passed to C. S. Dickinson, Esq. The owners of the estate -are now Messrs. Ramden and Taylor, and it is managed for them by -their relative, G. Mariner, Esq.</p> -<p>The church, dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, was rebuilt -in 1857–8, at a cost of about £450. It consists -of nave and chancel, with belfry, having one bell, the <a -name="page92"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 92</span>fabric being -constructed of brick. Sir J. W. Smith, the then patron, -built the nave, and the chancel was built by the then Rector, the -Rev. E. Stanley Bosanquet. The east widow, of coloured -glass, with the crucifixion, was erected in memory of William -Bernard Wingate, a late owner, by members of his family. -There is another coloured window in the south wall of the -chancel, without inscription, but probably erected by the Wingate -family; and there is a marble tablet in the north wall of the -nave, in memory of the late owner of the estate, Frederick Tooth, -Esq., of Sevenoaks, Kent. The register dates from 1567.</p> -<p>Hareby Manor House is a handsome, substantial structure, -standing on a slope, looking towards Old Bolingbroke, and -surrounded by extensive gardens and good farm buildings.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Hatton</span>.</h3> -<p>Hatton lies about 7½ miles from Horncastle, to the -north-west, and about 4 miles south-east of Wragby; being about -½ a mile eastward of the high road between those two -places. Letters, <i>via</i> Wragby, the nearest money order -and telegraph office, arrive at 10 a.m. The register dates -from 1552. There are also entries relating to this parish, -from 1695 to 1799, in the Baumber register. The name -Hatton, as a parallel to Hatcliffe, Hatfield, Hatfield Chase, -&c., doubtless means a “ton,” <i>i.e.</i>, -“town,” or protected enclosure, on an open -“heath”: pointing to a time when the neighbourhood -was more or less a wild tract; and when the neighbouring Wragby -(from Vargr, a wolf, or outlaw), was the haunt of wild beasts, or -the no less dangerous human robber.</p> -<p>The Church, dedicated to St. Stephen, described by Weir in his -“History of Lincolnshire” (vol. i. p. 296, Ed. 1828), -as a small building, possessing no claim to attention, and by -Saunders (vol. ii. p. 71, Ed. 1834) in nearly the same terms, was -at that time in the gift of the well-known, somewhat eccentric, -but popular member for Lincoln, Colonel Sibthorpe; the Rev. H. W. -Sibthorpe being Rector. In 1863 it was in the gift of G. W. -Sibthorpe, Esq., and in 1869 in that of Coningsby C. Sibthorpe, -Esq., being <a name="page93"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -93</span>then held by the Rev. C. E. Jarvis. The latter -resigned in 1891, since which time it has been held by the Rev. -W. T. Beaty-Pownall, who has a good rectory house, built in 1871, -at a cost of £1,300 the late Mr. James Fowler being the -Architect. It does not appear to have been long in the -patronage of the Sibthorpe family, as in 1711 the patrons were -Sir Richard Wynch, Bart., and Rebecca Wynch, widow; while in -1750, and again 1780 Sir Robert Lawley, Bart, presented. -The trustees of W. H. Sibthorpe, Esq., are first-named as patrons -in 1824. In the calendar (No. 1), of Institutions to -Benefices, from 1540 to 1570 preserved in the Alnwick Tower, Old -Palace, Lincoln (“Architect. Soc. Journal,” 1897) -fol. 22b. 176, we find “William Mershall, clerk, pres. by -W. Dighton of the City of Lincoln, gent., to the church of -Hattone, vac. by the resignation of Sir William Smith; inst. -Vicar, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1550.” <a -name="citation93"></a><a href="#footnote93" -class="citation">[93]</a> The Dightons were originally a -mercantile family, of Lincoln, who filled the offices of Mayor -and Sheriff, and amassed fortunes. One of them, Robert, -became owner of Old Stourton Magna Hall, the moated remains of -which can still be traced in a field about a mile to the west -beyond the Stourton Parva plantations. A daughter of Thomas -Dighton of that place, married Edward Clinton of Baumber, who -afterwards became Earl of Lincoln. In the parish Register -of Stourton Magna is the entry “Alice ye wife of Rob Diton -was buried ye 14 Jany. 1688,” and as there are no later -entries of the name, this Robert was probably the last to reside -there. There were other <a name="page94"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 94</span>Dightons at Waddingworth and -Horkstow. We find, however, earlier notices of Dightons -residing in Hatton. In 1544 by his will, dated 1 May, -“John Dighton of Hatton” requests to be “buried -in the churchyard of St. Elwold in Hatton.” He leaves -a bequest for his brother, “Robert Dighton, parson of -Haltham,” and the residue to his wife, Agnes, his -executrix; his two fathers-in-law, Thomas Dighton and William -Chatterton, being “supervisors.” He evidently -died early in life. As to the expression “the -churchyard of St. Elwold,” there seems to be no explanation -forthcoming. Possibly there was a chapelry in the parish, -with separate burial grounds. In 1606 we find another John -Dighton, residing at Minting, who, by his will, dated 28 Dec. of -that year, leaves 40s. to the poor of Baumber, Minting, and -Hatton. Other names in connection with this parish are as -follows:—Among Lincoln Wills is one made by “Roger -Holmes, of Hatton, gent.” dated 15 May, 1611, in which he -makes various bequests of no particular interest. In 1613 -John Wharfe of Wickenby, by will dated 18 Sept., leaves to his -sons lands in Hatton, which he had on a mortgage, from his -father-in-law Smythe. And in 1616, by will dated 12 -November, “Heneage Smith of Hatton,” leaves -“lands in Hatton for a schoolmaster.” He says -that he received nothing from his son-in-law, J. Wharfe, for the -mortgage, but that, nevertheless, he leaves certain moneys for -his (J. Wharfe’s) sons, because they are his grandsons.</p> -<p>(N.B.—These notices are from “Lincolnshire -Wills,” by Canon Maddison.)</p> -<p>The Church of Hatton was re-built in 1871; entirely of brick, -except the stone facings. It consists of a nave, chancel, -and small spire on the south side of the chancel, containing one -bell. Its chief features are as follows:—the east -window, of coloured glass, has three separate trefoiled lights, -in memory of Waldo Sibthorpe, Rector, who died, 14 Nov. 1865, the -subjects are, in the centre, the Crucifixion; in the northern -light, the Agony in the Garden; in the south light, the -Resurrection, “Noli me tangere.” In the north -chancel wall are two brass tablets, one recording that £100 -was left by Mary Esther Waldo Sibthorpe in trust to the Rector, -for the poor of the parish; the other, that £100 was given -by Charles Edward Jarvis, in trust to the Rector, for the benefit -of the parish. In the north wall is one two-light Early <a -name="page95"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 95</span>English -window, and one single-light window in the same style. In -the south wall is one single-light window, the vestry door, and -organ chamber, over which stands the tower and spire. In -the north wall also is a credence table of stone, with trefoiled -arch. The east end is in the form of an apse. The -chancel arch, and that of the organ chamber, terminate in -elaborately foliated finials. In the nave, the pulpit is of -Caen stone, a device in one panel being a cross within a -quatrefoil, surrounded by a circular moulding. In the nave -north wall, near the pulpit are a pair of two-light windows, with -trefoils above; and westward is a three-light window with -quatrefoil above. In the south wall of the nave is one -two-light window, with two trefoils, and a circle above; and one -three-light window corresponding to that in the north wall. -The lectern is of oak. The font is of Caen stone, with -fluted bowl in eight partitions, and supported by eight round -columns. The sittings, for fifty, and the roof throughout, -are of pitch-pine.</p> -<p>The Rectory, close by, is a commodious and substantial -residence in good grounds. In a field to the south of the -gardens are remains of former stews, or fishponds, and two rather -large boulders, <a name="citation95"></a><a href="#footnote95" -class="citation">[95]</a> which have evidently been ice-borne, -and like many others in the neighbourhood, are of carboniferous -“Spilsby” sandstone of the Neocomian period. -The soil of the parish generally, is a heavy clay; and in a -brickyard adjoining the Horncastle and Wragby road, are numerous -ammonites and other fossils.</p> -<p>There is a yearly rent charge of £6 left by Heneage -Smith, in 1616, for the education of poor children, which is paid -out of the estate of Coningsby C. Sibthorpe, Esq.; 14s. 2d. was -left by William Marshall, in 1557, for poor parishioners, to be -paid out of land at Minting, but this has fallen into -abeyance. Edmund Turnor, Esq., is lord of the manor but C. -C. Sibthorpe, Esq., owns the greater part of the soil. -“Midge Inn,” which has the reputation of formerly -being the haunt of the highwayman, who lightened the pocket of -many a traveller on the King’s highway, is on the -Horncastle and Wragby road in this parish, which is in the soke -of Wragby.</p> -<h3><a name="page96"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 96</span><span -class="smcap">Hemingby</span>.</h3> -<p>This parish lies 4 miles north by west from Horncastle, on the -river Bain. Letters, <i>via</i> Horncastle, which is the -nearest money order office, arrive at 9.30. The Incumbent -is the Rev. E. S. Bengough, who has a commodious Rectory. -The register dates from 1579.</p> -<p>The Church is dedicated to St. Margaret. A previous -structure, erected in nondescript, “Grecian,” style, -in 1771 (a period when so many of the churches in the -neighbourhood were re-modelled in the worst taste), consisting of -nave, chancel, and low tower, with three bells, was re-seated in -1856, when additional accommodation was provided. A west -door, made of bog oak, from a large tree dug up, when the railway -line was made between Boston and Lincoln, was presented by the -Rev. E. Walter, Rector of Langton. The entire fabric was -restored in 1896, at a cost of £1450, and re-opened in -January of that year, through the liberality and exertions of the -Rector, Rev. E. S. Bengough, aided by handsome donations from -Earl Manvers, the family of the late Rector, Rev. G. Thackeray, -and others. The tower was entirely re-built and the chancel -enlarged. A relic of a former medieval church was found in -the pavement of the nave, consisting of a slab, carved with two -quatrefoils, with shields in the centre of each. This was -placed in the wall of the chancel, above the east window. -The pulpit, of carved oak, was the gift of the family of the Rev. -G. Thackeray, the late Rector. The architect was Mr. W. -Scorer, of Lincoln. The bells, of the 18th century, bear -the names of the founders, Mears and Stainbanks, of London.</p> -<p>At the date of Domesday Book, the great Norman Baron, Ivo -Taylebois, owned land in this parish, as Earl Harold had done -before him. Baldric, one of the Earl’s vassals, had -there one carucate, and two villeins, and two bordars, and seven -sokemen, who had two carucates, and half a mill, worth 7s. -yearly, and 30 acres of meadow. There were three carucates, -rateable to gelt. The manor, held by Edric, had six -oxgangs, also rateable to gelt. Its value, temp. Edwd. the -Confessor, was 60s., in Domesday 100s.</p> -<p>Among the gentry of Lincolnshire, enrolled in the List made by -the King’s Heralds, at their visitation in 1634, was -Ambrose Shepard of this parish (Everard Green, F.S.A., -“Lincs. N. & Q.,” p. 105).</p> -<p><a name="page97"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 97</span>In -Liber Regis, the living was valued at £17 8<i>s.</i> -6½<i>d.</i>, now at £500; 423 acres being allotted -at the enclosure in lieu of tithes and the old glebe. In -1722 the benefice was in the gift of the Rev. Mr. Carr of -Newcastle-on-Tyne; after that the patronage was vested in -King’s College, Cambridge.</p> -<p>There is an endowed School, for master and mistress, founded -by Jane Dymoke, widow of the champion, in 1727, and endowed by -her in 1736, for teaching the children of the poor of the parish, -“to read, write, spin, and card wool.” -Commodious schoolrooms for boys and girls have been erected in -late years. Lands in Woodhall yield an income of about -£110 a year. There is a rent charge of £5 on a -farm in Asterby, and £568 in consols. The whole -yearly income is about £130, besides residence and 20 acres -of land for the master. Four almswomen receive 2<i>s.</i> -3<i>d.</i> weekly, with an allowance of fuel. Four -apprentices are provided for with a premium of £10, and -£3 a year for clothing, during the 7 years of their -service. The late Mrs. Baker, in 1848, also left the -interest of £500 to be distributed in coals among the poor -of the parish. The living is now in the gift of -King’s College, Cambridge; but by an Inquisition held at -Boston, 12 Henry VII. (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1497) -it was found that Sir John Ratclyff, knight, besides considerable -other property in the county, was seised of the advowson of -Hemingby, and alternate advowson of Skyrbeck, but he being -attainted, in the 11th year of that King, his property passed to -Andrew Dymmock, as the Kings “Solidat” -(soldier). (“Linc. N. & Q.,” iv., p. -11.) In 1711 Leonard Smelt, Esq., presented to this -benefice; in 1722 the Rev. Mr. Carr, of Newcastle, gent.; and -King’s College for the first time in 1768.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Kirkby-on-Bain</span>.</h3> -<p>Kirkby-on-Bain is a village larger than most of those in the -immediate neighbourhood, situated on the river Bain, between 4 -and 5 miles from Horncastle, in a southerly direction, about 4 -miles north-east of Tattershall, and rather less south-east of -Woodhall Spa, where are <a name="page98"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 98</span>the nearest railway station, money -order, and telegraph office, there being a post office in the -village.</p> -<p>It was a saying of one of our chief archæologists, that -“anciently every local name had its meaning”; and we -may extract more than conjectural history from the name, -Kirkby-on-Bain. The first syllable carries us back into a -distant past, earlier than the date of most of our written -records. As a rule, when the word “Kirk” forms -part of a place-name, it implies, not only the former existence -of a church in the locality (the name in Domesday is -“Chirchebi,”) but also of a still earlier, and -probably Druid, temple. The syllable “Kir,” or -“Ker,” <a name="citation98a"></a><a -href="#footnote98a" class="citation">[98a]</a> with its plural -Kerrog, Kerig, or Curig (hence “Church”) means a -sacred circle, which was the form of the ancient British, or -Druid, place of worship, such as are still to be seen, on a large -scale, in the megalithic remains of Stonehenge near Salisbury, -and at Avebury near Marlborough, in Wiltshire; and, on a smaller -scale, in many a lonely spot among the hills in Wales and -Scotland, and on the continent, as far Palestine. These -remarks apply to many places in our own neighbourhood, as -Kirkstead, Kirkby Green, beyond the once sacred stream of the -Druids, the Witham, or Rhe, East Kirkby beyond Revesby, -&c. We have 5 Kirkbys, and 2 Kirtons (Kirk-ton), in the -county. Thus we get a British origin for this parish; while -the name of the river, on which it is situate, is also British; -the word “Ban,” meaning “bright,” or -“clear,” is found not only in the river Bain, but in -several other streams. <a name="citation98b"></a><a -href="#footnote98b" class="citation">[98b]</a></p> -<p><a name="page99"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 99</span>The -second syllable of the name Kirkby yields further -information. While the two contiguous parishes of -Kirk-stead and Kirk-by have the first syllable in common, in -their suffix, they differ, since “stead,” connected -with our word “steady,” is Saxon, meaning a settled -domicile; and “by,” is an old Danish word, (still -surviving in Scotland as “byre”) meaning the same. <a -name="citation99a"></a><a href="#footnote99a" -class="citation">[99a]</a></p> -<p>The Britons, therefore, have left their mark in the first half -of both these names, but from the second halves we gather that -the Saxons made their permanent residence in Kirkstead, whereas -in Kirkby, although they doubtless there also succeeded the -Britons, they were, in turn, supplanted by the Danes, who made -this place their “byre,” or “by,” with -three “by-roads,” or village roads, branching from -it.</p> -<p>In this connection we may also note, that “Toft,” -which is a farm name in the parish, is also a Danish word, and -this is another of their “footprints on the sands of -time”; while further we may observe, that those roving -invaders were called “Vikings,” because they first -frequented our “viks,” “wicks,” or -creeks; and there are geological indications, in the beds of sand -and gravel, in this parish, that the river Bain was, at one time, -much wider and deeper than it is in the present day <a -name="citation99b"></a><a href="#footnote99b" -class="citation">[99b]</a>; and so, we may well suppose, that, up -this “ancient river,” the river Bain, those Danish -marauders steered their way, from its mouth at -“Dog-dyke,” originally Dock-dyke, because there was a -Dock, or Haven, for shipping there (as the present Langrick was a -long-creek of the sea, a few miles beyond; the sea then coming up -from Waynfleet); and made their settlement here, from which they -ousted the Saxons, whose presence is implied in the name of the -hamlet Tumby, originally Tunne-by, which is, in part, a Saxon -appellation.</p> -<p>Thus, by the analysis of a name we are brought down from those -far-off, dark ages to within the range of historic times. -Kirkby is stated to be in “the soke of <a -name="page100"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -100</span>Horncastle,” in a document of date 1327–8 -(“Lincolnshire N & Q.” vol. v., No. 44., p. 248), -but the local historian, Mr. Weir (“Hist. -Horncastle,” p. 310, Ed. 1828) says, that it had a -jurisdiction of its own, including Kirkstead, and even more -distant parishes, as Wispington, and Waddingworth. <a -name="citation100a"></a><a href="#footnote100a" -class="citation">[100a]</a></p> -<p>The Domesday survey of this county, made in 1089, by order of -William the Conqueror, and so named by the Saxons, because it -recorded the doom of many a Saxon Thane, ejected from his -possessions by Norman warriors, contains several notices of this -parish; and although at first sight they appear somewhat -conflicting, yet a careful study of them enables us to put -together something like a connected account of some of its former -proprietors.</p> -<p>First we may mention the Saxon owners, who were dispossessed -of their lands by the Normans.</p> -<p>One of these was Ulmar, who had 150 acres, charged with the -land tax, called “gelt,” which was about 2<i>s.</i> -to the carucate (or 120 acres); besides which he had 1½ -carucates (180 acres), sub-let to smaller bond tenants, making in -all 330 acres. He had also in the adjoining parish of -Tattershall Thorpe, 240 acres, “in demesne,” -<i>i.e.</i>, in his own occupation, as Lord of the Manor, besides -360 acres sub-let to dependents. Ulmar was therefore what -we should call, “well to do,” a Saxon yeoman of -substance.</p> -<p>There were also two other Saxon owners in the parish, who -would seem, to some extent, to have been partners. Godwin -and Gonewate had between them 60 acres in Kirkby, charged with -the aforesaid payment of “gelt,” and 75 acres exempt -from it. They had also 360 acres in Tattershall Thorpe; and -separately, or together, they had lands in several other -parishes. Especially in Tumby, they owned 300 acres -rateable to “gelt,” and 360 acres more sub-let to -dependents.</p> -<p>Another part of this parish would seem to have been a separate -demesne, Fulsby, probably a contraction of Fugels-by, or the -homestead of Fugel. <a name="citation100b"></a><a -href="#footnote100b" class="citation">[100b]</a> Here, at a -later <a name="page101"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -101</span>period, there was a large residence, named -“Fulsby Hall” of which possibly there may be still -some traces in ponds and mounds, in a field in the middle of what -is still called “Fulsby Wood.”</p> -<p>Toft Grange also would seem to have been another distinct -property; and was at a later date (as will be shown hereafter), -owned or occupied by a Dymoke. The term -“Grange” would imply that it was an appendage of some -Religious House; and an old charter of Richard I., now in the -Library of Revesby Abbey, shows that that Sovereign granted to -the Monks of St. Lawrence at Revesby, the Grange of Toft, <a -name="citation101a"></a><a href="#footnote101a" -class="citation">[101a]</a> with its appurtenances, a mill at -Fulsby, with lands in Tumby, Coningsby, &c.</p> -<p>The greater part of Tumby was, as it is still, woodland, and -formed “Tumby Forest,” or “Tumby Chase,” -of which old maps still show the trees. <a -name="citation101b"></a><a href="#footnote101b" -class="citation">[101b]</a></p> -<p>In a Close Roll, 5 Ed. IV. (1466), there is a reference to the -great wood, called “Tumbi Wode,” or “Tumbi -Chase” (“Ibiden,” p. 131).</p> -<p>We have, thus far, three Saxon proprietors in this parish, who -were, in their day, men of substance; but the incoming of the -Norman was the Saxon’s doom; and while Domesday Book says, -with pregnant brevity, that Ulmar, Godwin, and Gonewate -“had,” <i>i.e.</i> formerly owned, such and such -lands, it names the Normans alone as present proprietors.</p> -<p>In the case of Kirkby the accounts also of these Norman Lords -might seem, at first sight, somewhat conflicting. For -instance, Domesday Book gives Odo, Bishop of Baieux as owner of -this parish, or a large portion of it; but we turn over only a -few pages, and find it referred to as among the possessions of -William de Karilepho, Bishop of Durham. But “hereby -hangs a tale.” Odo of Baieux was half brother of -William the Conqueror; being the son of Arlette, the concubine of -his father, Robert, Duke of Normandy, by a Norman <a -name="page102"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 102</span>Noble, -Herluin de Contaville. Odo’s brother was created Earl -of Moretaine, his sister was the Countess d’ Aumale (which -in later times became Albemarle), and he was given by the Duke, -in 1049, the high position of Bishop of Baieux, in the now -department of Calvados, in Lower Normandy. <a -name="citation102a"></a><a href="#footnote102a" -class="citation">[102a]</a> On coming to England in the -train of the Conqueror, he was created Earl of Kent, Count -Palatine, and “Justiciarius Angliœ,” and no -less than 439 manors were bestowed upon him, 76 of these being in -Lincolnshire. He was thus among the most powerful of the -Normans in this country; he was styled “Vice-Lord of the -whole of England,” and was said to be “second only to -the King.” But his greatness was his ruin. -Elated by his vast wealth, he aspired to the Papacy, and -collecting a great amount of treasure, he was about to set sail -for Rome, when William seized him and his treasure, and sent him -to prison in Normandy, confiscating his estate. <a -name="citation102b"></a><a href="#footnote102b" -class="citation">[102b]</a> Thus Odo’s tenure of his -lands in Kirkby and elsewhere, was only brief; and there were -other grasping Norman followers of the Conqueror ready to step -into his shoes. One of these was the aforenamed William de -Karilepho, Bishop of Durham; who had been Abbot of St. Karilepho -in Normandy, but, coming over to England, was consecrated to that -Palatine See in 1082. Thus Kirkby again became the property -of a scarcely less powerful prelate than Odo; for the Bishops of -Durham have ranked high in the episcopate down to quite recent -times; but in early days they were not only bishops, but princely -nobles, whose influence almost rivalled that of the Sovereign; -and this prelate again was Chief Justice of England. An -indirect evidence of the Bishop of Durham’s influence in -Kirkby is seen in the following circumstance. Both -Ecton’s “Thesaurus,” and “Liber -Regis,” state that the benefice of Kirkby formerly paid a -“pension of 40<i>s.</i> to the Priory of St. Leonard at -Stamford.” This would appear to have come about in -the following manner. Oswy, the Saxon King of Northumbria, -in the middle of <a name="page103"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -103</span>the 7th century of the Christian era, having conquered -the pagan King of Mercia, of which Lincolnshire formed a part, as -a thank-offering to God, gave to Wilfred, the friend and -instructor of his son Alchfrid, certain lands in Stamford, for -the maintenance of 100 Monks. Accordingly Wilfred, who -afterwards became Bishop of York, founded the Priory of St. -Leonard at Stamford; and, having received his own education at -the Monastery of Lindisfarne, in Holy Island, he gave the Priory -to that Religious House. At the time of the Conquest, the -Monks of Lindisfarne, were attached to the See of Durham, and -thus their dependency at Stamford came under the cognizance of -William de Karilepho; and as Lord of the Manor of Kirkby, he -charged this benefice with this contribution to the Priory. -Had the Monks of Lindisfarne not been plundered by the Danes, and -so driven to Durham, Kirkby would not have had this payment to -make; “40<i>s</i>” was, in those days a considerable -sum, the whole tithes of the benefice being only £1 -7<i>s.</i> 4¼<i>d.</i> The buildings of the Priory -at Stamford, were plundered by the Danish rovers, but were -rebuilt by William de Karilepho, partly doubtless with money from -Kirkby, about the year 1082. On the dissolution of the -Monasteries, in the reign of Henry VIII. that King, who was -generally in need of cash, appropriated the temporalities of the -benefice of Kirkby, and so became patron of the living, which is -still in the gift of the Sovereign.</p> -<p>We now get another name of rank among the Normans connected -with Kirkby. Domesday Book says, “Ilbert has here 1 -caracate (120 acres), with 10 villeins (the lowest class of -bondmen), and 4 bordars (the higher class of bondmen), who hold -under him another carucate; also the site of a mill (a valuable -possession in those times), 12 acres of meadow (probably rich -grass land watered by the Bain), and 160 acres of woodland -interspersed with pasture,” where the serfs would tend the -lord’s herds of swine, which fattened on the acorns in -their season, and where he would harbour his deer, and other -animals of the chase.</p> -<p>In those times even a powerful noble did not disdain to be the -vassal of such a princely prelate as the great Bishop of Durham, -at the head of one of the three palatine counties in England; and -such was this Ilbert, or, as he was otherwise called, Hildebert -de Lacy.</p> -<p><a name="page104"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -104</span>Coming to England with the Conqueror, he was granted by -William the manor of Pontefract, and 150 other lordships in -Yorkshire, 10 in Nottinghamshire, and 4 in Lincolnshire. In -several other parishes, <a name="citation104a"></a><a -href="#footnote104a" class="citation">[104a]</a> Kirkby being -among them, he also held lands, not absolutely “in -demesne,” as his own, but under the absentee Bishop of -Durham as lord paramount, to whom he paid a small yearly rent, -which was exacted from his Saxon dependents. This Ilbert, -or Hildebert, built the castle of Pontefract, <a -name="citation104b"></a><a href="#footnote104b" -class="citation">[104b]</a> and was one of the most powerful -nobles in Yorkshire. Another of his family, also Ilbert, -was a witness to the Charter of King Stephen, which secured the -ecclesiastical liberties of England; and another, John de Lacy, -became Earl of Lincoln, by marrying Margaret, daughter of Hawise -de Quincy, sister of Ranulph, Earl of Lincoln and Chester (<span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1232). Their son, Henry de -Lacy, held the same honours in the reigns of Henry III. and Ed. -I. <a name="citation104c"></a><a href="#footnote104c" -class="citation">[104c]</a> A John de Lacy was among the -signatories of the Magna Charta, and we may add that it is not a -little remarkable that, in this 20th century, the name of Ilbert -is yet to the fore, Sir Courtenay Peregrine Ilbert, K.C.S.I., -C.I.E., &c., being now Clerk of the House of Commons, and a -distinguished lawyer and scholar.</p> -<p>By a curious coincidence, Pontefract was in Saxon times known -by the name of Kirkby, and this name continued even in later -times; a charter of Ilbert’s son, Robert, conveying lands -to the Priory of St. John at Pontefract, mentions them as being -“de dominio de Kirkby,” while another charter gives -them as “de Pontefract” (Camden’s -“Britannia,” p. 729.) Thus Ilbert, Lord of -Kirkby-on-Bain, held two lordships in different counties, of the -same name.</p> -<p><a name="page105"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 105</span>We -have yet another landowner named as connected with this parish, -of scarcely less note than Ilbert de Lacy.</p> -<p>As we have observed in our “Records” of other -parishes, Eudo, son of Spirewic, and Pinso, were two Norman sworn -brothers in arms, who came over with the Conqueror, and did him -such good service that William granted them “the manor of -Tattershall with the hamlet of Thorpe and the towne of -Kirkeby,” beside some 24 other lordships; Eudo to have -tenure directly from the King, and Pinso under St. Cuthbert of -Durham. They subsequently divided these possessions between -them, Pinso taking those further away, while Eudo seated himself -at Tattershall. On his death there, he was succeeded by his -son, Hugh Fitz Eudo, commonly called “Brito,” or -“The Breton,” who founded the neighbouring abbey of -Kirkstead, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1139. He had -in Kirkby 1 carucate (120 acres) of land “in -demesne,” with 8 acres of meadow and 80 acres of woodland -interspersed with pasture, very much as “Kirkby Moor” -is still. He had also in Tumby another carucate, in his own -occupation, with villeins and bordars, and two soc-men, -<i>i.e.</i>, free tenants, on 75 acres; also 20 acres of meadow, -one fishery and a half, two mills, and 370 acres of woodland, -forming the “Tumby chase.” He had also lands in -Waddingworth and Wispington, which were within the jurisdiction -of Kirkby; in the latter two parishes he halved the land with the -Bishop of Durham, who also (as we have seen) had a slice of -Kirkby.</p> -<p>With these several important personages connected with this -parish, it naturally also acquired a more important position than -the villages around, justifying the term “town of -Kirkby,” given to it in old records (Dugdale’s -“Baronage” vol. i., p. 439).</p> -<p>Of subsequent owners of Kirkby, and its appurtenances, Tumby, -Fulsby, and Toft, we are not able to give a connected series, but -there is evidence enough to enable us to form fairly safe -conjectures, concerning several of them.</p> -<p>The ownership of the de Lacys continued, with one brief -interruption, for some generations. Hildebert was succeeded -by his son Robert Henry, but he, as Camden relates -(“Britannia,” p. 712), taking part in the battle of -Tinchebray, Sep. 28, 1106, against Henry I., in favour of Robert, -Duke of Normandy, on the victory of Henry, was deprived of his -possessions, which were given to <a name="page106"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 106</span>another Norman, Henry Travers -(Dugdale’s “Baronage” vol. i. p. 99), and -afterwards to Wido de Laval, who held them till the reign of -Stephen; when that King restored to the said Henry his -possessions once more. His two sons Henry and Ilbert dying -without issue, the estates in 1193 passed to their half sister, -on the mother’s side, Albreda de Lisours. She married -Richard Fitzeustache, Constable of Chester; which family -subsequently took the name of de Lacy, and (as has been already -stated) became Earls of Lincoln. The estates continued in -this line till 1310; when Henry de Lacy, having no male issue, -left his property to his daughter Alice, who married Thomas, Earl -of Lancaster. He joined a conspiracy against Edward II., -and being defeated in the battle of Boroughbridge, in the West -Riding of Yorkshire (March 16, 1322), was beheaded on a hill near -his Castle of Pontefract <a name="citation106"></a><a -href="#footnote106" class="citation">[106]</a>; being, it is -said, led out to the spot, by way of disgrace, “on a lean -horse,” by an official, named Gasgoyne; which name also, -somewhat curiously (as will be seen hereafter), is connected with -Kirkby. A change in ownership now appears; in the family of -Bec, or Beke. In the 13th century one of them Walter Bec -was Constable of Lincoln Castle, under Henry de Lacy, Earl of -Lincoln, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, 1275 (“Hundred -Rolls,” vol. i. p. 312). But 80 years before this, a -Final Concord, of 27 Nov. 1197, gives the following agreement, -“on the 2nd day after the feast of St. Katharine” -between Walter, son of Walter Bec, plaintiff, and Richard, Abbot -of Kirkstead, as to a wood called Langhace, and other land -“in the field of Kirkebi which is upon Bayne,” within -the Court of the said Abbot, whereby Walter “quitclaims all -his rights to the Abbot and Convent” for which they give -him 4 marks (£21 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d</i>).</p> -<p>By another Concord, on the octave of St. Michael (Oct. 6, -1226), between William Bec, plaintiff, and Henry, Abbot of -Kirkstead, tenant of certain lands, in Kirkby, the Abbot -acknowledges the lands to be “of the right of the said -William, which his father also had, to have and to <a -name="page107"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 107</span>hold (them) -to him and his heirs for ever, of the Abbot, and his successors, -rendering to them 6<i>d.</i> by the year, for all service”; -and for this William quitclaims all his rights to the Abbot, and -his successors.</p> -<p>Another Concord (p. 220), shows that in 1227, Walter Bec had -lands in Kirkeby, Tattershale, and Thorpe, which he granted to -Robert de Tateshale; for which the latter was to “render -£20 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> yearly, at Kirkby upon Bayne, -and to do the service of one knight” (“Architect S. -Journal” xxiv. p. 34).</p> -<p>By another deed, in the same year, 1227, “three weeks -from Easter day” (May 1st), between Walter Bec, plaintiff, -and Robert de Tateshale, touching right of warren on the lands of -the said Walter, in Kirkby, Tateshale, and Thorpe, concerning -which Walter complained, that Robert unjustly, and without -warrant, caused warren in the said lands, which rightly are of -the fee of the Bishop of Durham, an agreement is made that Robert -shall give an exchange of lands: whereupon Walter grants to -Robert “all his lands in Kirkeby, Tateshale, and Thorpe, in -demesnes, homages, rents, an services of free men, within the -said manor, rendering £21 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>, by the -year, at Kirkeby on Bayne, and the service of one knight’s -fee”; and for this Robert gives him 10 marks (£6 -13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>) The head quarters of the Becs were -at Lusby; Henry Bec, of Lusby, being father of the Walter Bec, -already named as Constable of Lincoln Castle. They were -strong in church influence; Thomas Bec, son of the said Walter -Bec, being Bishop of Lincoln, 1342–1346; while another -Thomas Bec, a cousin, had been Bishop of St. David’s, -1280–1293; and another cousin, Anthony Bec, was Bishop of -Durham, and so connected with Kirkby, as Lord Superior, -1283–1310.</p> -<p>In a Harleyan charter (45 H. 12) in the British Museum we find -the following, “To all sons of Holy Church, Walter Bec, son -of Henry Bec, greeting. Know that I have granted and -quitclaimed to the monks of Kirkstead, the manure of their 300 -sheep of their fold of Kirkby. Also I quitclaimed to the -same the toll of my corn, which now they are accustomed to grind, -according to the tenor of their charter &c.” -Witnesses, Richard, Dean of Horncastr, Henry de Langton, Nicholas -Bec, Henry Bec, and others.</p> -<p><a name="page108"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -108</span>Another name now appears among owners of Kirkby. -The Willoughbys and the Becs inter-married, and by a Feet of -Fines (Lincoln file 68, 32; 30 Ed. I.) Robert de Wilgeby -grants to John Bec, for life only, certain lands in -“Kirkeby next Bayne,” and 37 other parishes, with -mills, advowson of benefices, 9 fees of knights, &c.; after -his decease the said properties to revert to the said Robert and -his heirs, quit of the heirs of the said John.</p> -<p>By an inquisition <i>ad quod damnum</i> (17 Ed. II., 1323), it -was shewn that this manor was charged with a payment of £21 -13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i> to John son and heir of this Robert de -Wilgeby (Willoughby).</p> -<p>Some of the Lords of Kirkby and Tumby seem to have treated the -Abbots of Kirkstead with considerable liberality; for which, -doubtless, they would receive an equivalent in prayers, if not -“indulgences,” granted in their favour. In a -cartulary of the Abbey (Vespasian, E., xviii.), now in the -British Museum, is a charter running as follows:—“I, -Robert, son of Simon de Tumby, have granted to the Church of St. -Mary of Kirkstead half the fishery of Troholm, and 5 acres of -land in the field of Tumby, and common pasture through all the -fields and territory within the bounds of Tumby.” -This was early in the 12th century. The witnesses to this -deed, it is to be noticed, are his nephew Richard, and Gilbert, -“clerk,” <i>i.e.</i>, parson, “of -Driebe”; hence we should infer that the “de -Tumby” and “de Driby” families were one and the -same; and this is proved to have been the case by a Final Concord -of 12 John (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1211), which -mentions the above grant of “5 acres in Tumby” to -Simon de Driby and his heirs. <a name="citation108"></a><a -href="#footnote108" class="citation">[108]</a> The grant to -the Abbots of Kirkstead was confirmed, some years later, by -Robert, son of Hugh de Tateshale, who “put his hand to the -altar” in testimony of the same (charter of same cartulary, -quoted “Architect. Journ.,” xxiii., p. 107).</p> -<p>By a Chancery Inquisition p.m., 8 Ed. III. (1335), and by a -similar document, 41 Ed. III., it is shown that John de Kirketon -(Kirton) held for life the manor of Tumby, with that of -Tateshale. The Kirktons of Kirton, near <a -name="page109"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 109</span>Boston, -were probably kinsmen of the Dribys, as this transfer was made by -John de Driby, and the Driby armorial bearings were formerly in -the windows of Kirton Church, along with those of the Earls of -Lincoln (connected, as we have seen, with Kirkby) and others -(“Lincolnshire Churches,” by Stephen Lewin). -This local connection may, in aftertimes, have led to the -marriage alliance of the D’Eyncourts, who held the manor of -Kirton, with the next family whom we shall mention, the -Cromwells. <a name="citation109a"></a><a href="#footnote109a" -class="citation">[109a]</a> The above Robert, son of Simon -de Driby (or de Tumby), had to wife Joan, co-heiress of the -Barons of Tattershall; and somehow that connection seems to have -brought the Cromwells into possession of the manor of -Kirkby. In an Inquisition p.m., 22 Rich. II. (1399), Ralph -de Cromwell is described as owning the manor of Kirkby, with that -of Tattershall, through his wife Matilda, or Maud de Bernak, -sister and sole heir of William de Bernak, Lord of -Tattershall. He had lands in 14 parishes in this county, 1 -in Derbyshire, and 6 in Notts. <a name="citation109b"></a><a -href="#footnote109b" class="citation">[109b]</a> His -grandson, Ralph, married Margaret, sister and co-heir of the 5th -and last Baron D’Eyncourt. His granddaughter, Maud, -married Sir Richard Stanhope, of Rampton, knight. Their -daughter, Maud, married Sir Gervase Clifton, of Clifton, knight, -“The gentle Sir Gervase,” who was killed at the -battle of Tewkesbury, May 4, 1471; and afterwards married Sir -Thomas Neville, and then the 6th Baron Willoughby d’ -Eresby. Thus we have a number of <a -name="page110"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 110</span>important -alliances of this family of Kirkby proprietors (“Architect. -S. Journal,” 1858, p. 228).</p> -<p>At the time when Gervase Holles, in 1630, made his -peregrinations round this county, he says that there were in the -windows of the rectory house, of Kirkby, the armorial bearings, -in coloured glass, of some 20 leading county families, -including—Becs, Willoughbys, Percys, Tyrwhitts, Tailbois, -Dymokes, &c. These had probably been originally in the -windows of the church, and, on the decay of the edifice, had been -transferred to the house. Representations of these are -given in the Harleyan MS. (6829), now in the British Museum, -together with a description of monuments formerly in the church, -but now lost. These arms enable us to form an idea of the -great families who were connected with this parish. The -association with the place of the Tailbois is not quite clear; -but Gilbert Tailbois was summoned to Parliament, as Baron -Tailbois, in the reign of Henry VIII., when he showed that he was -descended from Sir Edward Dymoke, who married Anne -Tailbois. This Gilbert was also descended from Henry -Tailbois, who married Eleanor Burdon, daughter of Gilbert Burdon, -by Elizabeth de Umfraville, sister and heiress of the Earl of -Angus (“Dugdale’s Baronage,” vol. i.); who -again was related to the de Kymes, kinsmen of the Dymokes; the -Kymes also being connected with the old and distinguished county -family of the Ayscoughs.</p> -<p>The connection of the Dymokes with Kirkby is seen in the -following bequest of “Arthur Dymmocke of Toft Grange, in -the p’she of Kyrkebye,” of date May 27, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, 1558. “I geve and -bequeathe to the Church of the said Kyrkebye one satteyn gown, to -make a coope or a vestment. I will that there shall be -distributed among the poore people at my buriall -xiii<sup>li</sup>. xii<sup>s</sup>. viii. I give to the -poore people of the towneshipp of Kirkebye vi<sup>li</sup>., to -the poore of Tunbye xl<sup>s</sup>.” There are also -bequests to “Marum, Willesby, Screuelby, Roughton, -Connyngesbye, Tattershall, Haltam,” &c. He adds, -“I will that myne executour shall geve to the marriages of -poore maydens, at their discretions, xxvj<sup>li</sup>. I -geve to the repayring of fowle and noysome hie wayes -xxvj<sup>li</sup>. I geve to my brother Sir Edwarde -Dymmocke, Knight, tenne pound, and my best gelding, with the best -jewell he will chuse among all my jewells. I geve to my -sister his wif one <a name="page111"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -111</span>gold ring w<sup>t</sup> a turkey (turquoise). I -geve to Sir <a name="citation111"></a><a href="#footnote111" -class="citation">[111]</a> Thomas Olive, p’sonne of -Kirkebye one gold ring enamelled.” These, and many -more bequests to poor people in the county of Middlesex, &c., -&c., show that Arthur Dymoke of Toft Grange, was a man of -substance, as well as of generous mind. (“Linc. N. -& Q.” July 1897, vol. v., No. 39).</p> -<p>We now get another family resident in this parish, of some -importance. We have mentioned Fulsby Hall, of which nothing -certain now remains. This demesne would seem to have -belonged to the Nelthorpes of Scawby, N. Lincolnshire, but it was -occupied by a family named Cressy. The Cressy pedigree is -given in a MS. book of “Lincolnshire Gentry,” written -by Thomas Beckwith, F.S.A., 1768, and preserved in the Library of -Revesby Abbey (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. -166). As far back as <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, -1216, we find a William de Cressy named, along with Ralph de Haya -(an old Norman family), as being “sureties for the faithful -service” of Simon de Driby, already named. -(Hardy’s “Rolls de oblatis et finibus,” p. -575.) Whether he was of the same family we cannot say, but -it is some hundreds of years before the name occurs again.</p> -<p>Also a charter of Hamelin, Count de Warren, and his Countess -Isabella, about <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, 1074, -mentions a Roger de Cressy, with whom they unite in granting a -wood, and other properties, “to God and the Church of St. -Victor, and the Monks thereof,” in Normandy. The same -charter also names 3 houses given by Ranulph de Cressy, -“for the soul of his brother Hugh,” -(“Archæological Journal,” No. 9, 1846.) -Thomas Cressy, of Fulsby, is named among the Gentry of -Lincolnshire in the “Herald’s Visitation” of -1634, preserved in the Library of the Herald’s -College. Canon Maddison in a note to his -“Lincolnshire Wills” (p. 141) says that Nicholas -Cressy married Frances, daughter of Sir Henry Ayscough, Knight of -Blyborough, and left Blyborough for Kirkby-on-Bain, <i>i.e.</i>, -for Toft Grange. The daughter, Faith, of this Nicholas -Cressy, married George Tyrwhitt, a cadet of the Kettleby family -of Tyrwhitts; and we have already seen that the Tyrwhitt arms -were among those formerly in the Rectory windows. Her -sister Jane married Sir Edward Dymoke, <a -name="page112"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 112</span>Knight, of -Scrivelsby. Her eldest brother was named Brandon, from the -connection of the Ayscoughs, with Charles Brandon, Duke of -Suffolk. This Faith had a daughter named -“Douglas”; the Tyrwhitts being related to the -Sheffields, and John, 2nd Lord Sheffield married Douglas, -daughter of William, 1st Lord Howard of Effingham. His son, -again, Edmund, created Earl of Mulgrave, married about 1590, -Ursula, daughter of Sir Robert Tyrwhitt of Kettleby. Faith -Tyrwhitt, by will, dated 18 Feb<sup>y</sup>, 1669, leaves -bequests to Lady Jane Dymoke, to her brother Major Thomas Cressy, -to Edward and Charles Dymoke, to Elizabeth Dymoke, her -goddaughter; and “to my good child Douglas everything -else.” This “Douglas” was baptized at -Horncastle, 8 January, 1628–9.</p> -<p>There is some difficulty in connecting the Percy family with -Kirkby, beyond the fact that their arms were among those in the -rectory windows. But a Chancery Inquisition post mortem of -1381–2 (5 Richard II., No. 47), shows that Mary de Percy, -wife of John de Roos, was next heir to Margaret, wife of John de -Orby, who was jointly enfeoffed of certain lands in Tattershall, -&c.; and that on her decease the Earl of Northumberland (a -Percy) held and occupied the same, he having married their -daughter Joan, as second wife. The above John de Orby is -stated to have been kinsman and heir of Robert de Tateshale, -knight. These lands were also held of the Duke of -Lancaster, a Gaunt. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. -vi., No. 47, p. 73). We further find that after the death -of Gilbert de Gaunt, his widow the Countess Roheis, in her own -right married one “Robertus, Dapifer” who was steward -to the house of Percy (“Topographist and Genealogist” -i., 303). If this was, as seems likely, a Robert de -Tateshale, he would be a landowner in Tumby, and, as steward, -also a vassal of the Percys, Earls of Northumberland. As -further connecting the Percy family with this neighbourhood, we -may mention, that among the Revesby charters, is one of date -about 1142, the witnesses to which are Henry de Perci, Gilbert de -Bec, and others. The same Henry de Perci is also witness to -another of these charters, of date 1155.</p> -<p>The arms of the Willoughbys have been already mentioned as -among those formerly in the Rectory. This may be accounted -for by the fact that Matilda, or <a name="page113"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 113</span>Maud, Lady Willoughby, widow of Lord -Cromwell, died in 1497, seized of a greater part of the -possessions of her late husband, and, among others, “in fee -tail of the manor of Kyrkeby upon Bayne” (“Chancery -Inquisition” p.m., 13, Henry vii., No. 34. Quoted -“Architect S. Journal” xxiii. p. 132.)</p> -<p>We have now shown links connecting this parish, more or less -closely, with most of the families whose armorial bearings -formerly existed here. There is only one more name not yet -accounted for: that of Gasgoyne. We are unable positively -to establish any link in this case. Camden tells us -(“Britannia,” pp. 714–731), that the Gasgoynes -were an “ancient and virtuous family of Yorkshire, seated -at Gawthorpe, probably (he says) from Gasgoyne in France,” -to which family belonged the famous Judge, Sir William Gasgoyne, -who showed his courage by committing to prison the young Prince, -who was to be the future King Henry V.</p> -<p>We have already mentioned that the property of the de Lacys -(including, probably, Kirkby) passed to Thomas, Earl of -Lancaster, who was afterwards beheaded for rebellion, being led -out for execution by an officer named Gasgoyne. It would -appear, therefore, that a Gasgoyne held some official post at -Pontefract Castle, and that Lordship (as we have seen), was -connected with Kirkby, as belonging to the same noble owners, de -Lacys, and others; and hence the Gasgoyne arms appear along with -those of the de Lacys, and others. The name of Gasgoyne is -found in Stow’s copy of the roll of Battle Abbey, as among -the distinguished soldiers who came over with the Conqueror, -coupled with Gaunt, Gaunville, and many another good name.</p> -<p>At the dissolution of religious houses by Henry VIII., we find -among institutions to benefices, that Robert Brantingham, was -presented to Kirkby, in 1565, by Robert Brantingham, of -Horncastle, by reason of the advowson, for that turn, being -granted to him by “the late Prior and Convent of the -Cathedral Church of Durham.” And so ended the -connection of Kirkby with the See of the proud Bishops of -Durham. On the extinction of the Cromwell line these lands, -in Tattershall, Tattershall Thorpe, Kirkby, &c., would revert -to the King. Henry VIII. granted Tattershall, and doubtless -the other possessions, to his mother Margaret, Countess <a -name="page114"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 114</span>of -Richmond; and in the following year entailed them on the -Duke. On the latter dying without issue, Henry granted a -vast number of estates in this, and other localities, to Charles -Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. On the death of two infant sons -of the Duke, shortly after their father’s decease, Edward -VI. granted them to Edward, Lord Clinton, whose arms were also -among those formerly in the rectory windows. His descendant -Edward Earl of Lincoln, died without issue in 1692, when the -properties passed to his cousin Bridget, who married Hugh -Fortescue, Esq.; whose son was created Baron Fortescue, and Earl -of Lincoln in 1740; and a large portion of Kirkby is still the -property of Lord Fortescue, who is Lord of the Manor, other -owners being the Clinton, Wilson, Ashton, Lely families, Lockwood -trustees, &c.</p> -<p>By a similar process the lands formerly held by the Monks of -Revesby, were granted, on the dissolution, by Henry VIII. to his -“well beloved and dear kinsman,” the aforesaid Duke -of Suffolk, Charles Brandon. Among these are named lands in -Tumby, Fulsby, Kirkby-on-Bain, &c., &c. From the -Brandons they passed to the great Lord Treasurer Burleigh, and -then to the Howards; then to the family of Sir Joseph Banks; and -he, dying without issue, left his estates divided among the -families of Stanhope, Sir H. Hawley, Bart., and Sir Edward -Knatchbull, Bart. The present Sir Henry M. Hawley, of -Leybourne, Maidstone, Kent, is lord of the manor of Tumby, -including Fulsby, and resides at Tumby Lawn. Some of the -land belongs to the representatives of the late Right Honourable -E. Stanhope, H. Rogers, Esq., and smaller proprietors. The -Fulsby Hall Farm, with the watermill, was given in 1669 to the -Grammar School at Brigg, by Sir John Nelthorpe, the then -proprietor; but most of this has been purchased in late years by -Sir Henry James Hawley; so that there now only remain some 70 -acres, and the Fulsby watermill, connected with that school.</p> -<p>Just outside the parish to the south-east is a large wood, now -called “Shire Wood”; but in a Revesby charter (No. -29), date Henry II., the name is given as -“Skire-wode”; which is Danish, connected with our -words “shear” to cut, and “shire” a -division, and means the “boundary,” or -“dividing” wood. The same syllable occurs in -the “Skir-beck” quarter of Boston. In a smaller -<a name="page115"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 115</span>wood, in -the west of the parish, called “Kirkby Riddings” we -have another relic of the Danes, as Mr. Streatfeild, in his work -“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” tells us, that in their -language “ridja” means to “clear away a -wood.” We still speak of “ridding -ourselves” of anything, when we clear it away. The -Kirkby Riddings, doubtless tell of the “clearings” in -those larger woods which we have already mentioned as formerly -existing here, wherein the Lords of the demesne found their sport -in the chase of the deer, the wild boar, and other animals. <a -name="citation115a"></a><a href="#footnote115a" -class="citation">[115a]</a> Those “hardy -Norsemen” were a tough race, and have thus left their -traces behind them.</p> -<p>We have mentioned an Ayscough in connection with Kirkby; a -daughter of Sir Henry Ayscough having married Nicholas Cressy of -Fulsby Hall. This was a very old family, originally located -in Yorkshire; the name having probably been Akes-heugh, or -Ake-shaw, <i>i.e.</i>, Oak-wood; it afterwards came to be spelt -in a variety of ways, as Ayscough, Ayscoghe, Aiscough, Askew, -&c.</p> -<p>They claimed descent from a Saxon thane, Thurstan “de -Bosco,” and “boscus” is Latin for -“wood,” or “coppice.” This confirms -the above meaning. The heraldic device of the family was -“three asses coughing” (Guillim’s -“Heraldry,” 1794), and the name, in some of their -branches, is still pronounced like Ass-<i>coff</i> and not -Ass-coe. They have been distinguished in church, court, and -camp, acquiring large property in Lincolnshire, and allying -themselves with some of our oldest families, the Tailbois, -Brandons, Hilyards, St. Pauls, Kymes, Clintons, Heneages, -Foljambes, Saviles, Boucheretts, &c. They gave to this -county, what the county may well be proud of, Anne Askew, who -died at the stake, a Martyr for the Protestant faith, at -Smithfield, 16 July, 1546. <a name="citation115b"></a><a -href="#footnote115b" class="citation">[115b]</a> A Walter -Ascoughe, and Henry his son, are named among those who succeeded -to parts of the former Revesby Abbey <a name="page116"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 116</span>estates, when the Duke of -Suffolk’s family became extinct. (Dugdale’s -“Baronage” ii., 300). And this family is still -established in various parts of the kingdom, the name surviving -in all ranks of life. Few families are without their -humbler connections. For instance, in the case of the -parish with which we are now concerned, we find in its former -records a “Robert de Tumbi” who was a Bec, or a -Bernak, or a Cromwell, lord of many a manor, and also a -“William de Tumbi” who was a bondman of John Bec, -lord of the manor, whose “body and chattels,” the -said John reserves to himself, while giving the land on which the -said William labours, to the Abbey of Kirkstead. (Charter -of John Bec. Harley, MS. 45, H. 13).</p> -<p>So in modern times, the late lord of the manor of Tumby, Sir -Henry James Hawley, Bart., married, as his first wife, Miss -Elizabeth Askew, in the south of England, while, in a humbler -sphere in life, we find a small farmer, in the person of Mr. -Thomas Askew, residing in Kirkby-on-Bain; an illustration in a -new sense of Shakespeare’s saying, “a touch of nature -makes the world akin” (“Troilus and Cressida” -act. iii., sc. iii.)</p> -<p>As these notes have now reached a considerable length, we will -briefly notice the Church of St. Mary, at Kirkby; and indeed, it -barely deserves more than a brief notice, as it has no claims to -architectural beauty.</p> -<p>We may well suppose, that, as at that other Kirkby, now known -as Pontefract, a fine church was once a feature of the locality, -so it was once the same here; but this is no longer the -case. If those armorial bearings which Gervase Holles saw -in the rectory 250 years ago, were originally in the church, as -would seem probable, they would doubtless embellish a fabric of -some size and beauty. We can hardly imagine, that the -benefice, under the patronage of rich prelates like the Bishop of -Durham, in a parish also connected with important monasteries -like those of Kirkstead and Revesby, having also powerful -landowners such as the Becs, Willoughbys, Cromwells, and other -“Lords of Tattershall” (where so fine a collegiate -church was provided by them), would have been left with an -unworthy church here. But whatever may have been its former -merits, of these there are no longer any traces. On the -south side lies the square base of a churchyard cross, shorn of -its shaft, probably by the reckless Puritans, who may also have -demolished, as they often did, the fine <a -name="page117"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -117</span>stained-glass windows, of which the armorial bearings, -once in the rectory, may likely enough have been remnants. -Gervase Holles mentions two monuments which were in the church in -his time. Of these one was in the chancel, having a quaint -Latin inscription to the following effect:—</p> -<blockquote><p>Richard Lambard lies by this stone entombed;<br /> -Of this Church formerly Rector was he.<br /> -Who caused this Chancel to be newly built.<br /> -He presented a Missal, and other valuables.<br /> -On the 14<sup>th</sup> day of January he sought the stars,<br /> -In the 1450<sup>th</sup> year of our Lord.<br /> -To whom God grant eternal rest! Amen.</p> -</blockquote> -<p>On a flat slab, beside the above, was the following, also in -Latin:—</p> -<blockquote><p>William Bulliar lies here entombed;<br /> -Of this church formerly Rector was he;<br /> -He caused a new Crucifix to be erected.<br /> -He presented a gradual <a name="citation117a"></a><a -href="#footnote117a" class="citation">[117a]</a> and cross, and -other valuables.<br /> -He died the 11<sup>th</sup> day of December, 1510.</p> -</blockquote> -<p>There was also apparently a window to his memory.</p> -<p>Of a later Church, in a state of ruin, there was given an -engraving in the “Gentleman’s Magazine” of -August 11, 1801, with brief account of the church; a copy of -which is in the possession of the present rector, the Rev. R. -Gathorne, M.A.; framed, in his study. <a -name="citation117b"></a><a href="#footnote117b" -class="citation">[117b]</a> In that later edifice, the -pulpit is said to have been a massive one, of stone. But -this, like the monuments given above, has disappeared. Of -the present church, built in 1802, the best we can say is that it -is in the style called “Debased <a name="page118"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 118</span>Gothic.” The late -rector, the Rev. C. F. R. Baylay, rural dean, &c., put stone -mullions, in place of wood, in the windows, in 1879; when the -late bishop, Dr. Christopher Wordsworth, performed the ceremony -of re-opening the church on November 6th, as is recorded on a -brass tablet on the north wall of the nave. The church was, -at the same time, re-seated with open sittings of -pitch-pine. The western gallery was also then -removed. Over the west door is a good painting of the royal -arms, of date 1712, with initials “A.R.” (Anne -Regina). There is a slab in the pavement of the nave at its -east end, in memory of Rev. T. Roe, formerly rector. The -font is plain octagonal. The ceiling is flat, of polished -pitch-pine. There are three plain windows in the south wall -of the nave, and two in the north wall. The chancel is -apsidal, with a three-light window in the centre, and a small -single-light window on each side. The chancel arch is -unusually low, and broad, out of proportion. The only -handsome thing in the church is the communion table, which is of -old oak, probably of the Caroline period, massive, and richly -carved, having a curious cupboard below the upper slab. It -is, however, more fit to be a chiffonier or dining room -sideboard, than for its present use. The church has -accommodation for 212, which is amply sufficient, as the once -“Town” of Kirkby has been decreasing in population -for many years. The one bell hangs in an external small -turret. The registers date from 1562.</p> -<p>The present rectory is a commodious residence, built in 1827, -at a cost of £1,800. It stands in almost park-like -grounds, with fine timber. The village school was rebuilt -in 1870, with residence for the teacher, and was endowed by -Richard Brocklesby with 33 acres of land in the parish of -Bicker. The poor have an interest in the almshouses of Sir -Joseph Banks at Reyesby; also a yearly dole of 5<i>s.</i>, left -by Martha Chamberlain.</p> -<p>The poet Dyer, who was appointed rector of Coningsby, by Sir -John Heathcote in 1752, became rector of Kirkby in 1755, but -presently exchanged it for Belchford. He was the author of -“Grongar Hill,” “The Fleece,” and other -poems of some merit, and was honoured in a complimentary sonnet -by Wordsworth, the Laureate.</p> -<p>Another rector, the Rev. Willoughby West, extended his charity -beyond his own parish, since by will dated 30 January, 1690, he -founded two almshouses, for <a name="page119"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 119</span>deserving poor persons, in the -parish of Langton-by-Horncastle, (he being one of the patrons of -the benefice), endowed with the rent of land purchased by him -“from Geo. Langto of Langto, Esq.” His burial -is registered at Kirkby, 29 May, 1691, and that of his wife, Mary -Ester, “April ye 8th, 1690.”</p> -<p>At “Leeds Gate,” to the south of this parish, in -Coningsby, are two fields, named “Gibbet close,” and -“Gibbet nook close,” where probably some offenders -formerly expiated their misdeeds, under the stern hand of the -lord of the manor. <a name="citation119"></a><a -href="#footnote119" class="citation">[119]</a> The name -“Leeds gate,” given in old maps as -“Lidyate,” is probably a corruption of “Our -Lady’s gate” (<i>i.e.</i> road); there having been -formerly a “Guild of the Virgin Mary,” connected with -Coningsby church. There are also two fields called -“Over Coney Green,” and “Low Coney -Green,” which may have reference to the rabbit warren of -Tumby Chase, or to “the King’s Garth,” or -inclosure, “Conig,” <i>i.e.</i> King, also forming -part of the name Coningsby. These field-names are found in -several other parishes. There are fields called -“Otter Close,” “Best Moor,” and -“Worst Moor,” the not uncommon “Pingle” -(or small croft), “North Ings,” and “Tumby -Ings,” these meaning well-watered meadows. Another -name, not easy to explain, though not uncommon, is -“Pry-close.” It occurs also in Woodhall and -elsewhere. One interpretation which has been suggested is -that it may have marked the place where watch was kept for game, -or game-marauders, or like “Toot-hill,” also found in -the vicinity, it may have been a look-out for cattle, strayed in -the time of Fen floods. But another suggestion is that it -is a form of the old Norman “Pre,” a meadow, praie -being a kind of coarse grass. Near Northampton, there are -“the verdant meads of de la Pre,” and in Normandy -there was a monastery of “De la Pre de Rouen,” -attached to the abbey of Bec, and the Norman Becs (as we have -seen) were connected with Kirkby and Tumby. There is a -“Pry-farm,” in Wiltshire. What is now only -Fulsby mill, in this parish, was formerly and within living -memory also, a public-house, rejoicing in the name of “The -Jolly Sailor.” Here, after the murder of Stennet -Jeffery, in “the Wilderness” of Whitehall <a -name="page120"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 120</span>Wood, on -June 22, 1822, the murderers, who belonged to Coningsby Moor, -stopped for refreshment. They were said to be -“bankers,” <i>i.e.</i> navvies, whose chief -employment was digging drains, repairing their banks, &c.; -while employed on the Horncastle canal near at hand, they had -doubtless frequented the house before. They were usually -rough and even violent characters, and it is said that Mrs. -Copping, the landlady of the Inn, was aware of their guilt, but -too much afraid of them to mention it. After their visit, -some blood-stained clothing was found concealed in a hedge hard -by. Two of these men were convicted of the murder and -transported for life. (See “Records of Woodhall -Spa,” by J. Conway Walter, pp. 16, 17.)</p> -<p>Geologically, Kirkby has some interest; parts of the parish -are on the blue clay, with ammonites and other fossils, while -there is also a stratum of fine gravel, termed the “Bain -terraces,” in which teeth of the “elephas -primi-genius” have been found. (“Government -Geolog. Survey,” Lincoln, 1888, pp. 161, &c.)</p> -<p>To the ornithologist and entomologist its interest would seem -to be increasing. The abandonment of the Horncastle canal, -which runs through this parish, is making it a sort of sanctuary -where the coot, the moorhen, the dab-chick, and the mallard -resort; the green sand-piper may be seen, skimming the water, or -the king-fisher darting into the shallows, and the heron, which -nests in the adjacent woods, stands like a silent sentinel on one -leg, by its pools, on the watch for its finny prey. On the -reedy banks of the fast silting-up canal, it would hardly be -surprising if that rarity among butterflies, the swallow-tail, -which over-drainage has driven from its former haunts, should -once more re-appear. But we have said enough about Kirkby, -and more than exceeded the measure of space allowed us.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Kirkby</span>, <span -class="smcap">East</span>.</h3> -<p>East Kirkby is situated just below the steep slope of the -Wolds, near their southern extremity, between 7 and 8 miles south -south-east of Horncastle, 6 miles south-west from Spilsby, and 9 -miles north-east from Tattershall. From Horncastle it is -approached <i>viâ</i> Scrivelsby and Moorby. It is -contiguous, on the east, to Revesby.</p> -<p><a name="page121"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 121</span>This -in one of the 220 odd parishes in the county which possessed a -church before the Norman Conquest. At that period it seems -to have been united with Revesby, since in Domesday Book -(1080–86) “Cherchebi” and -“Resuesbi” are given together, and it is stated that -“the whole manor and all that belongs thereto is six miles -long, and six miles broad.” There are 12 carucates -(or 1440 acres) rateable to gelt (<i>i.e.</i>, 2<i>s.</i> to the -carucate); and the same extent of arable land (or 2,880 acres in -all); with (in Saxon times), 54 socmen, and 14 villeins. -The great Norman Noble, Ivo Taillebois, Chief of the Angevine -troops of the Conqueror, was lord of this manor, through his -marriage with the wealthy Saxon, Lady Lucia, heiress of the -Thorolds. On his death early in life—a death not -regretted by her, for the marriage had been forced upon her by -the Conqueror—she re-married, with hardly a decent delay, -Roger de Romara, about 1093; and by him had a son, William de -Romara, who was created Earl of Lincoln. This William -founded Revesby Abbey in 1142, and, by an interchange of lands, -while retaining Revesby, Moorby, Wilksby, &c., as a compact -property, he separated East Kirkby as a distinct domain. -Among those with whom exchanges were effected was one Ivo, a -priest, who held a church at Thoresby, probably standing on the -site of the present Revesby church. In lieu of this, the -Earl gave to Ivo the church of East Kirkby with its -appurtenances, and a toft near the churchyard. In the 13th -century, the family of de la Launde (represented, down to recent -times, by the Kings, of Ashby de la Laund, near Sleaford) were -manorial lords <a name="citation121"></a><a href="#footnote121" -class="citation">[121]</a> of East Kirkby, while the Earls of -Exeter (as shewn in Notes on Revesby, &c.) had the manor of -Thoresby and Revesby, &c. East Kirkby, as well as -Revesby, was in the soke of Old Bolingbroke, and, as parts of the -Duchy of Lancaster, the Sovereign would be the superior lord of -the various manors in that soke, or “Honour,” as it -was named, as being connected with royalty. Accordingly, in -1604, we find that Sir V. Skinner, of Bolingbroke, was appointed -by the crown keeper of Kirkby Park, the site of which is still -shown on old maps; and, according to “Liber Regis,” -<a name="page122"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 122</span>in 1762 -the Sovereign presented to the benefice, although, by some -arrangement, William Ellis, Esq., had presented in 1719. -The manor now belongs to R. Maidens, Esq., and Dr. T. Robinson, -but most of the soil belongs to the Stanhope or Coltman families, -the patronage of the benefice being in the hands of the -former.</p> -<p>Among the Revesby charters and deeds, printed by the late Rt. -Hon. E. Stanhope, is one (No. 27) of Alan Smerehorn, of East -Kirkby, dated 1165, by which he gives a watermill and premises to -the Abbots of Revesby, with the right to draw water through his -land, from Bolingbroke to Kirkby; the Abbey thus being supplied -with water. <a name="citation122"></a><a href="#footnote122" -class="citation">[122]</a> He also, by another deed (No. -28), conveys to the Abbey his rights in certain lands in Kirkby, -undertaking all claims and services due to the King, in return -for which the Revesby Monks confirm to him certain rights in -Hagnaby.</p> -<p>By a deed of the same period, Alan, son of Walter of Kirkby, -gives his feudal rights, in certain lands in Kirkby, to the -monks, with lands in Hagnaby and Engcroft in Stickford, free of -all claims from the King.</p> -<p>A charter of Richard I. (“Dugdale,” v. 456) -confirms to the Monks of Revesby, among other possessions, 620 -acres of land in E. Kirkby, and part of Kirkby Wood, along the -road called “Swinistigate” (No. 40 B). -N.B.—There is still a Swinecote in Revesby. Various -other deeds assign to the monks lands given by William son of -Ivo, of Kirkby (No. 43); by Alan son of Walter of Kirkby (No. -45); by Lucy widow of Walter Faber, of Kirkby (a -“Smith?”) a meadow, “to decorate and strew the -monk’s choir.” (No. 56). While Henry Smerehorn -gives to them his “servant Robert, son of Colsvan, with all -his chattels” (No. 53); and Alan Smerehorn, of Kirkby, -gives a plot “ad portam josep.” (at the Joseph gate), -among several others, taking on himself all claims to the king or -others (No. 58). The seal of Smerehorn is a round one with -the device, a man blowing a horn. Gaufrid, son of Alan -Buche, of Kirkby, gives land in E. Kirkby specially as -“gate alms” for the poor (No. 68); the same Gaufrid -also confirming the gift made by his brother Walter, of a meadow -in Goutscroft (No. 70). N.B.—“Gout,” or, -writ fully, “go-out,” means a spring issuing from a -hill side, of which there are many on the Wold slopes -(Streatfeild, <a name="page123"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -123</span>“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” p. 174). <a -name="citation123a"></a><a href="#footnote123a" -class="citation">[123a]</a> Alan de Cuilter, of Kirkby, -among other lands, gives a place (placeam) called -“gayres” (No. 101); gaire meaning a triangular plot -which requires ploughing a different way to the rest of the -ground. <a name="citation123b"></a><a href="#footnote123b" -class="citation">[123b]</a> A meadow in Kirkby is given by -Nicholas son of Roger, of Miningsby, towards maintaining -“the light before the image of St. Nicholas in Kirkby -Church, every St. Nicholas’ day.” (No. 119).</p> -<p>There are other deeds connected with East Kirkby, but these -are typical.</p> -<p>We give here some other records connected with East Kirkby, -which are of more or less interest, taken from -“Lincolnshire Wills.”</p> -<p>William Saltfletby, alias Massenge <a -name="citation123c"></a><a href="#footnote123c" -class="citation">[123c]</a> of “Kirkby juxta -Bolingbroke,” by his will, dated 3 January, 1443, requests -that he may be buried in Kirkby Church; and leaves money to the -church, as well as to the Church of St. Peter in Eastgate, -Lincoln; also to his daughter, his wife, and her daughter, -certain lands in Kirkby, Miningsby, and West Kele; and his house -opposite the Church of St. Peter, Eastgate, “called the -Gryffin.” The witnesses are Robt. Drydyke, Vicar of -Kirkby (N.B.—The place-name Drysykes occurs in Salmonby); -John Cokeryll, chaplain of the same; and Hugh Wellys, clerk.</p> -<p>Richard Skepper, of East Kirkby, by will dated 26 May, 1556, -requests to be buried in the church; and leaves to his sons, -Thomas, George, and Edward, and daughters, Bridget and Anne, his -copyholds in Kirkby, Miningsby, Bolingbroke, Waynflete, Irby, -Thorpe, and Friskney. N.B.—This was a family from -Durham.</p> -<p>John Ballet, parson of Nether Toynton, by his will, of 17 -April, 1558, leaves his “gown, that the Bishop of Ely gave -him,” to Mr. Goodryke, of Kirkby <a -name="citation123d"></a><a href="#footnote123d" -class="citation">[123d]</a> and a gold ring; <a -name="page124"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 124</span>he also -leaves money to repair the roads between Fulletby and -Horncastle.</p> -<p>Connected with the Goodricks, by marriage, were the -Littleburies, descended as is shown elsewhere <a -name="citation124a"></a><a href="#footnote124a" -class="citation">[124a]</a> from a very ancient knightly family, -originally seated in south Lincolnshire, and hence we find the -following will of Humphrey Littlebury, of East Kirkby, dated 1 -Sep., 1568, by which he leaves all his lands in Hagworthingham to -his son John, who is to pay to his brother Edward xx<sup>li</sup> -a year “for his <i>exhibition</i>,” <a -name="citation124b"></a><a href="#footnote124b" -class="citation">[124b]</a> during the widow’s lifetime; -the annuity to cease when the said Edward becomes a -“counsaler,” and able to provide for himself. -He bequeaths his lands in Hareby, East Keal, Keal Cotes, and -Raithby, to his daughter Ann, “if she will be ordered by -her friends, Sir John Kersey and John Littlebury,” and if -she will not, then “never a penny.” It would -rather appear, from this testamentary provision, that the said -daughter Ann was somewhat of a wilful “hussy.” -Sir John Kersey would be one of the family who came in for a -share of the Revesby estates after the extinction of the direct -line of the Dukes of Suffolk. To his daughter Dorothy he -leaves “one hundred marks” with a like proviso. -To his son John he leaves a “ring with the seal,” -<i>i.e.</i>, the family signet; also “one silver salt, vi. -silver spoons, 1 silver goblet, gilt, a flat silver piece, and 1 -of my silver pots I bought in London.” Reference is -then made to an Inventory of Lyon Goodricke, deceased, which was -bequeathed to testator’s wife, Winifred, and Edward -Goodricke, her son. The testator had married (1) Ursula, <a -name="page125"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 125</span>co-heir of -Sir John Kersey, k<sup>nt</sup>., of Grove, co. Notts, and (2) -Winifred, daughter of Henry Sapcote <a name="citation125a"></a><a -href="#footnote125a" class="citation">[125a]</a> of Lincoln, and -widow of Lyon Goodricke, of East Kirkby.</p> -<p>We have noticed, above, a Richard Skepper, of East Kirkby, -whose will was dated 26 May, 1556. We find later, the will -of George Skeeper, of Boston, evidently the same name, of date 28 -Sep., 1606, in which he desires to be buried “in -y<sup>e</sup> parish church of East Kirkby.” The name -still survives in this neighbourhood.</p> -<p>Another name still occupying a position in the county is that -of Booth, and we find that William Booth, of East Kirkby, by will -dated 31 Oct., 1584, left property to his brother George’s -children in Cheshire, to his brother Edward’s children, of -Rand, to George Booth of Thorpe, and to Thomas Booth, his -brother’s son; appointing as his executors, Sir Thomas -Scales and John Scales, his sons-in-law.</p> -<p>We have named, above, Edward Goodrick, of East Kirkby. -He died in 1615, and by his will, of 16 August in that year, he -left the bulk of his property to his son Lyon, but £35 from -lands in Suffolk to his daughter Washbourne, besides £400, -in the hands of Sir Thomas Jenney, as her portion; “a best -bed” to another daughter; and “bedsteads of those in -Suffolk,” to four other daughters, all married, “2 -Jacobuses to each as a token of my love.” Small sums -are bequeathed to his cousin, Richard Palfreyman, <a -name="citation125b"></a><a href="#footnote125b" -class="citation">[125b]</a> and his godson, Nathaniel Palfreyman; -to his servant John Tupholme 20<sup>s</sup>. besides his wages -13<sup>s</sup>. 4<sup>d</sup>. His “grandson John -Godricke to have the manor of Stickney when 22 years old,” -and his cousin Richard <a name="page126"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 126</span>Palfreyman to have it meanwhile; -paying “a penny a year to Lyon Godricke.” The -will was proved at Horncastle by Lyon Goodrick and Richard -Palfreyman, 25 Oct., 1615.</p> -<p>A name which we cannot omit to notice in connection with East -Kirkby is that of Silkstone; there being a monumental slab in the -parish church of Robert de Silkeston, who died in 1347. -Among 14 documents in the possession of Porter Wilson, Esq., of -Louth, this Robert is a principal party in 13 of them; by which -lands are conveyed to him by Ranulphus, son of Baldwin de Thorpe, -in Ireby; by Robert, son of Philip de Kirkeby, in Kirkby; by -Walter de Kirkby, in Kirkby; by Hugo de Hatton, lands in Kirkby; -by Walter, son of Robert de Langena, lands in Kirkby; Robert, son -of Adam Pertrich, of Bolingbroke; Alan, son of Walter de Kirkeby, -and William, son of Henry de Kirkeby, give him other lands in -Kirkeby; Beatrice, widow of William Wriht, of Miningsby, gives -him lands in Miningsby; John de Waynflet gives him lands in that -parish; and Robert de Swylington, Thomas de Marketon, Rector of -Hareby, and Robert de Miningsby, chaplain, grant to him lands in -“Kirkby, Winthorpe, Thorp, Waynflet, Irby, ffriseby -(Firsby), Boston, Leek, Wrangel, Stepying, frrisseneye -(Friskney), Bolynbrok, and Menyngesby,” by Deed, given at -Kirkebi, 26 Dec., 29 Ed. III. (1355). Robert de Silkeston -thus became a proprietor of large estates. At a later -period Sir Robert Sylkeston had issue Alicia, who was -“maryed to Robert Grynne.” <a -name="citation126"></a><a href="#footnote126" -class="citation">[126]</a> A large portion of the property -passed to that family, and through them to the Skeppers already -mentioned; and from them, by marriage, to the Loddingtons; one of -whom, Thomas Loddington, was Vicar of Horncastle in the early -years of the 18th century; his name being on one of the church -bells with date 1717.</p> -<p>Sir John Browne, knight, resided here for several years, -holding lands in East Kirkby, conveyed to him by Lionel Goodrick -in 1616, and on a dispute arising between him and the Skeppers, -already mentioned, an agreement was made, 20 May, 1619, by which -Sir John granted to Richard Skepper certain property, for 2,000 -years, at a <a name="page127"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -127</span>peppercorn rent, Richard Skepper in return granting to -Sir John, other lands for a like term and consideration. -(Mr. R. W. Goulding, “Linc. N & Q.,” vol. v. p. -75).</p> -<p>Some of these lands were known as Bonthelandes, (Boothlands), -West-wang, Wayteclif, Bulgaire, Inge-croft, Langemer-dayles, -Goutscroft, &c.</p> -<p>Sir John Browne was 2nd son of Sir Valentine Browne, of Croft, -“Treasurer and Vittler of Barwicke, and Treasurer of -Ireland in ye raigne of Queen Elizabeth,” who married -Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Monson, of South Carlton, -ancestor of Lord Oxenbridge. Sir John Browne was -“Sergant to King James in his privy chamber.” -He married (1) Cicely, daughter of William Kirkman, Esq., of -Easter Keale, who only lived 20 weeks after marriage; and (2), -Francis, daughter of Richard Herbert, Esq., of Montgomerie -Castle. She was youngest sister of George Herbert, who -wrote the well-known poem, “The Country Parson,” and -of Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, who was so prominent a -figure in the time of Charles I. They were nearly related -to the Pembroke family, and descended from Sir Richard Herbert of -Edwd. IV.’s time. There is an elaborate altar tomb in -Croft church, with effigies of Sir Valentine and his lady above; -and of their eight sons and seven daughters on the panels -below. Beside this is an equally elaborate monument of Sir -John and his 2nd wife. (“Arcitect. S. Journal,” -vol. viii. pp. 70, 71).</p> -<p>Another family, with a good old Saxon name, connected with -East Kirkby, were the Elands (Ea-land or Eyland), representatives -of whom have lived in this parish within quite recent times; the -last of them being William Fawcett Ealand residing at the High -Hall in 1860–70. The name means Island-land, or water -land. <a name="citation127a"></a><a href="#footnote127a" -class="citation">[127a]</a> Sir William de Eland was -constable of Nottingham castle in 1330, and M.P. for the county -in 1333 (Baily’s “Annals,” vol. i. p. -223). They possessed the “Honour of -Peverel.” In Baumber church there is a slab of John -Ealand (obiit 1463) and his two wives, in the north aisle. <a -name="citation127b"></a><a href="#footnote127b" -class="citation">[127b]</a> A branch of the family resided -at Raithby near Louth. <a name="page128"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 128</span>Toward the close of the 16th -century, one of them resided at Cawkwell, and had that manor and -the advowson of the benefice. <a name="citation128"></a><a -href="#footnote128" class="citation">[128]</a> Others had -estates, and lived at various places in Yorkshire.</p> -<p>In the latter part of the 17th century another family, the -Webberley’s of Addlethorpe, resided at East Kirkby. -They intermarried with the Amcotts family, now represented by -Colonel Cracroft Amcotts, of Hackthorne Hall, Lincoln. John -Webberly, who was born here, was a strong partizan of Charles I., -in his contentions with the Parliament. He did not die for -his King on the field of battle like his compatriot Hallam, -possibly of Bolingbroke (see “Notes” on Bolingbroke); -but his support of the King, and his religious opinions -(Socinian), subjected him to persecution, and, in 1648, to much -suffering from imprisonment. He was afterwards expelled -from Lincoln College, Oxford. (Weir’s History, Ed. -1828, vol. i. p. 415).</p> -<p>The church, dedicated to St. Nicholas, is pronounced by Mr. -Jeans to be “one of the most interesting in this district, -though sadly patched with brick, and defaced with ugly -windows.” It is no longer used for services, a small -modern church having been recently erected more conveniently near -the village. The varied colouring of the edifice, from the -combination of grey-green crumbling sandstone, with the red tone -of the bricks, surrounded as it is also by lofty trees, render it -a pleasing study for the artist, but its decayed condition -inspires the fear that, unless tenderly dealt with, this -interesting relic, may soon go to decay. It is to be hoped -in the interest of archæology that this may be averted.</p> -<p>The original Saxon church was mostly replaced by a later -fabric, but now ancient, of the 14th century. It consists -of nave, aisles, chancel and tower, having two bells; this tower -probably dating from early in the 13th century, occupies an -unusual position, being attached to the south aisle towards the -west end of it. Its lower storey forms a groined porch, -having a head of the Saviour, rather rudely carved, as the -central top of the vault. It has some early features, -especially the window in its eastern face, but, we quote the late -Precentor Venables, in <a name="page129"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 129</span>a description given by him on the -visit of the Architectural Society in 1894. Like the rest -of the fabric, it has been patched and repaired at various -periods, and most of the remains are debased. The -battlemented upper storey is Perpendicular, the fabric generally -being Decorated, of the 14th century. Of the windows, -however, there are few surviving of that period, the west being -the most noticeable. It is of two lights, beautifully -designed, the mask heads of the hood moulding being remnants of -an earlier style. The side windows, both of nave and -chancel, were square-headed. One remains, to the west of -the tower, portions of others remaining among modern -degradations. The eastern windows of both aisles have -flamboyant tracery, but now blocked and partly destroyed. -The blocked arch of an entrance to a north chantry which has been -removed, is seen in the north aisle wall. It must have been -filled in at an early date, as the window inserted is of the -Tudor period. The piscina of this chantry altar, with a -square basin, is still to be seen outside the church. In -the north wall of the chancel, a small two-light window is worth -attention as an excellent example of the purest Decorated. -The south chancel wall has three-light windows, with segmental -heads and super-mullioned tracery of Perpendicular date; one of -these has been removed to form a poor east window, in place of a -good 14th century window, destroyed a few years ago. The -eastern gable is surmounted by a good cross and saddle -stone. The windows of the south aisle are of the meanest -type. There is an arcade of four bays, with Decorated -arches supported on very slender octagonal piers, which are too -tall and slender, and which drive up the arches too high. -The moulded brackets which serve as responds, being elaborately -moulded, deserve notice. The roofs are very poor, being of -a later period; one of the beams bears the date 1583. The -chancel arch has been decapitated and blocked by boarding, but -the rood-screen below is an unusually good specimen of -Perpendicular. It has five bays, the centre being double -the width of the others, and having still its panelled -doors. It is 12ft. 4in. wide, and nearly 18ft. high. <a -name="citation129"></a><a href="#footnote129" -class="citation">[129]</a> (Dr. Mansel Sympson, -“Architect. S. Journ.,” 1890, p. 209).</p> -<p>Parts of the parclose which formerly enclosed the chantries at -the ends of the aisles, still remain. The <a -name="page130"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 130</span>Silkstone -chantry on the south retains its decorated trefoil piscina.</p> -<p>In the floor of the south aisle is an incised slab, -commemorative of Sir Robert Silkstone, the builder of the chantry -and church. The late Bishop Trollope’s rendering of -the Latin inscription, which is somewhat defaced, the slab being -broken into four pieces, is as follows:—“Here is -buried Sir Robert Silkstone. He erected this church and -chantry. He departed hence in 1347, and on the 14th of June -lost his life. To whom may God ever grant rest in -Heaven. Amen.” The tradition is that he died an -untimely death, if not by his own hand. (“Linc. N. -& Q.,” 1896, p. 50).</p> -<p>The old oak seating remains at the west end, and there are -fragments, scattered about, of other screen-work. In the -north wall of the chancel is a narrow trefoil-headed recess, -thought by some to be an Easter sepulchre; it has a curious -carved panel, with three kneeling figures, supposed to be the -three Maries, each holding a heart. The recess is an -aumbrey, intended for the Host. The projecting basin, which -Mr. Bloxam thought was a receptacle for “creeping -silver,” is a piscina and the so-called carved -“hearts” are boxes for spice. This portion of -the service of the Mass is referred to by Barnaby Googe (1570), -in the lines:—</p> -<blockquote><p>“While frankincense and sweet perfume<br /> -Before the shrine they burn.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>The font is a good sample of Perpendicular, having a panelled -octagonal bowl, supported on a panelled shaft, standing on a -platform of steps; the panels contain heads and flowers. -There are fragments of old stained glass scattered about the -windows, and old encaustic tiles in the floor. A St. -Edmund’s penny was found some years ago on the north side -of the church, which the late Vicar, the Rev. G. Maughan, -pronounced to have been issued before <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 905. Not far distant, in the -year 1899, on some cottages being pulled down, there were found -some fragments of dog-tooth pattern, and portions of columns and -capitals, which are supposed to have come originally from -Revesby; these are now in the garden of Mr. T. Coltman, at -Hagnaby Priory.</p> -<p>The chantry on the north side of the church formerly existing, -was called the Jesus Chapel. Here was buried William -Goodrick, father of the Bishop of Ely, at his own <a -name="page131"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 131</span>request, by -his will dated 20 March, 1517, to be buried “in the chapell -of Jhus in my p’ysh church of Saint Nicholas.” <a -name="citation131"></a><a href="#footnote131" -class="citation">[131]</a> “On the viij. Kal. Nov., -1344, Robert de Silkestone presented” Thomas West, of -Mucton, priest, to this chantry (then newly founded), and on Kal. -June 1346, he presented “Rob., son of John Fowler, of -Mithingsby, priest, to the same chantry.” -(“Linc. N. & Q,” 1896, p. 51, note).</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Lusby</span>.</h3> -<p>Lusby (called in Domesday Book Lodeby and Luzebi), is distant -from Horncastle about 6 miles, in an easterly direction, being 1 -mile beyond Winceby. Prior to the Norman Conquest, the -Saxon Thane, Tonna, held lands here, as well as in other parishes -in the neighbourhood, his property here being 3 carucates, or -about 360 acres (Domesday). Other owners of land were -Almer, and his brother John, and his son Mauger. These, at -the Conquest, were mostly superseded by Normans. William -the Conqueror gave to his nephew Gilbert de Gaunt, son of -Baldwin, Earl of Flanders, whose sister was William’s -Consort, 113 Manors in Lincolnshire, besides several in other -counties, among them being Lusby, the adjoining Hagworthingham, -and Grantham (Greetham), &c. The property would seem, -however, to have been only held by the Gaunts for three -generations. In 1223 we find Simon de Kyme instituting a -suit in the King’s Court to recover <a -name="page132"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 132</span>certain -lands in Lusby, as being the descendant and lawful representative -and heir of the aforesaid Almar. He failed, however, to -establish his case. (Curia Regis, Roll No. 82, Hilary, 7 -Henry III.) He still, however, held lands in Langton and -Sausthorpe; and he must also have had other lands in Lusby, as we -find that in the 9th year of King John he granted the fee of 1 -knight to Walter de Bec, “to have and to hold of the same -Simon and his heirs for ever.”</p> -<p>The superior lord, however, of all these parties, would seem -to have been the Bishop of Durham, a powerful and wealthy -prelate. Early in the 12th century (circa 1114) we find -that Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, held in chief, lands in Lusby, -and several other parishes in the neighbourhood, and one Pinson -was tenant under him at Lusby, holding by the service of acting -as the bishop’s bailiff. Whether this Pinson was the -same as Pinso, sworn brother in arms of Eudo, the Norman lord of -Tattershall, is not clear; but it seems likely, as the Bishop of -Durham, his over-lord, also held lands in Tattershall. -(N.B.—The author of “The History of Spilsby,” -Rev. H. Cotton-Smith, says that he was; p. 24). But through -the Pinsons, Lusby, Winceby, and other manors passed to another -family, already named, which for some time held an important -position in the county, the Beks or Becs. There is some -confusion in the different records of the earlier generations of -this family. Walter de Bek was the scion of a family of -Norman blood, whose ancestor, according to Sir William Dugdale in -his “Baronage,” had “a faire inheritance in -Flanders,” but came over with the Conqueror. This -Walter de Bec married Agnes, daughter of Hugh Pinson, the -steward, and had by her five sons, Hugh, Henry, Walter, John, and -Thomas. Of these, Henry succeeded to the manors of Eresby, -Spilsby, Scrivelsby, and Wispington; and Walter became -“Lord of Lusceby, Wynceby, Neuton (<i>i.e.</i> Wold Newton) -and ffoulstow (Fulstow).” (Lansdown MSS. 207, cf., -453). The Becs were a family of great influence. Of -two brothers, one, Anthony, was Bishop of Durham, the other, -Thomas, was Bishop of St. David’s, and another Anthony, was -Bishop of Norwich, his brother being Bishop of Lincoln, in days -when Bishops were statesmen and even soldiers, as well as proud -prelates. Walter was Constable of the Castle of Lincoln -(Harleyan MSS, f. 23).</p> -<p><a name="page133"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 133</span>In -the old documents called “Final Concords,” p. 80., -under date “17 May, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1208,” we find Walter Bec, named as “tenant of one -knight’s fee in Lusceby.” In 1300 <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> Sir John Bek, like his father, was -Constable of Lincoln Castle, but also holding the additional -office of Constable of Bristol. He made a grant to the -Priory of Bullington, near Wragby, which is worthy of notice, as -its terms are peculiar. It runs as follows:—“I, -John son of Walter Beck, of Lusceby, have granted, &c., for -ever to prior and convent of Bolington, for the safety of my -soul, and the souls of my ancestors, two selions of land, -&c., which formerly, Simon, merchant of Burgh, held of me for -one pair of white gloves.” We have mention, in the -case of High Toynton, of land, held by the tenure of a pair of -spurs, presented annually to the lord, as rent; here we have a no -less singular tenure, by the gift of a pair of gloves. The -knightly gauntlet was probably in those days a more costly -article than a nineteenth or twentieth century glove. In -illustration of the above peculiar tenure, we may notice the -legacy of Baron Bec’s “gauntlets” to -Kirkstead. This John, son of Walter, was created first -Baron Bec of Eresby; he obtained a license to fortify his castle -at Eresby, 1295. By his will, dated July 20, 1301, he -ordered his body to be buried at Kirkstead, whereunto he gives -his best horse, his mail coat, “gauntlets,” harness -of iron, lance, targe and other accoutrements. His daughter -married Sir William Willoughby.</p> -<p>Most of the property of the Lusby Beks passed, a generation or -two later, to another branch of the family, the Becks of Eresby; -whose descendant, John Willoughby, through the marriage of Baron -Bec’s daughter to Sir William Willoughby, in the reign of -Edwd. III., held the manors of “Hareby, Lusceby, Ester -Kele, Wester Kele,” &c.; and thus the property passed -to the ancestors of the present Earl of Ancaster, and Lord -Willoughby d’ Eresby. We still, however, find (by -Feet of Fines, Lincoln, file 69) that in <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1302, John Bek had “the rent -of 6 quarters of salt, <a name="citation133"></a><a -href="#footnote133" class="citation">[133]</a> in Wispington, -Marton next Horncastle, Langtone, Wodehalle, Thymelby, -Scrivelsby,” and other parishes, “with advowson of -the church of Wispington.” “Henry <a -name="page134"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 134</span>Bek, of -Pusseby (Lusby), sold to Lord Stephen de Langton, Archbishop of -Canterbury, lands and tenement in ffowlestow; which same bishop -gave the said manor to Beatrice, his sister, who was married to -Alan de Normanby.” (Lansdowne MSS. 207, cf., -453). For these details of the Becks, I am chiefly indebted -to a paper, by Rev. W. O. Massingberd, in the “Architect. -Soc. Journal,” for 1897.</p> -<p>To show that the Becs were not confined to the neighbourhood -of Eresby and Lusby, I may mention that, not only are their -armorial quarterings found, as was to be expected, in Spilsby -church, but according to Gervase Holles’ “Notes on -Churches,” they formerly existed in windows in the churches -of Coningsby and Langton-by-Horncastle, and probably many -others. (Harleyan MSS., 6829.)</p> -<p>Of later proprietors of Lusby, I am not able to give any, -except that, in a List (given in the Melbourne Hall MSS.) of -Gentry, of the 16th century, who furnished launces and light -horses, when the country was preparing to give a warm reception -to the expected Spanish Armada, I find that Mr. Palfreyman of -Lusby, gent., attended the muster at the Horncastle Sessions in -1586, and furnished 1 launce and 1 light horse, when his -neighbour, Mr. Langton, of Langton, and Augustine Cavendish, of -Orby, furnished each 1 light horse, but no lance; John Littlebury -of Hagworthingham, furnishing 2 light horses and no lance. -Mr. Maddison explains that this Mr. Palfreyman would be a -descendant of William Palfreyman, who was Mayor of Lincoln in -1536. (“Arch. Soc. Journ.” 1894, pp. 214, -220).</p> -<p>In Liber Regis we also find the names of those who presented -to the benefice, and therefore were in some way connected with -the place; George Davenport in 1699, Carr Brackenbury in 1720, -and Robert Carr Brackenbury in 1780. In recent times the -bishops of Lincoln seem to have inherited the position formerly -held by the bishops of Durham, as owners of the soil and lords of -the manor; and these are now in the hands of the Ecclesiastical -Commissions.</p> -<p>We now come to speak of the church, dedicated to St. -Peter. At the date of Domesday Book, this was one of the -222 parishes in the county which possessed a church. A -priest is also there named, doubtless one of the 131 only -resident presbyters in the county; many of the churches <a -name="page135"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 135</span>being -served by the “Religious” of the convents. -There is also mention of a mill, worth 3<i>s.</i> yearly. <a -name="citation135"></a><a href="#footnote135" -class="citation">[135]</a></p> -<p>There was thus at Lusby a church at that early period, and it, -as well as Winceby, paid a pension to the Bardney Monastery, -probably through the connection with Gilbert de Gaunt, that -Norman noble being one of Bardney’s most generous patrons, -and the re-founder of that institution after it had been in a -state of decay for some 200 years. Ecton’s Thesaurus -gives the pension as 30<i>s.</i>, a fairly large sum in those -days.</p> -<p>The present very interesting church is, in parts, so very -ancient, that it is more than likely that some portions of the -original fabric of that day still remain. Only a few years -ago the building was in a state of squalid neglect and -architectural disfigurement; but it was restored by the -Commissioners in 1892, and re-opened by the Bishop of Lincoln on -January 17, 1893, the work having been done with great care and -judgment; and the former flat-ceiled, white-washed room has given -place to a structure church-like in all its arrangements. -It is nevertheless of a somewhat conglomerate character, windows, -and other objects, breaking out, as it were, in all sorts of -unexpected positions; and thus making it a study of -curiosities. We quote here some of the remarks of the late -Precentor Venables made on the occasion of the visit of the -Architectural Society in 1894, “of the original Norman -fabric, itself of more than one date, and which was shortened at -the west end, there are several relics, especially in the -charming narrow doorway in the north wall of the nave, now built -up, the arch of which is surrounded with zigzag moulding; and a -very remarkable little ‘key-hole’ window, high up in -the north wall of the chancel. An incised line which runs -round the head of this ends in volutes, and above it is a small -incised cross. Holes in the jamb of the shutter indicate -that this widow was originally unglazed. Opposite the north -doorway are traces of another Norman doorway in the south wall, -also now blocked, having above it a <a name="page136"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 136</span>cross with round -medallions.” Eastward in this same south wall of the -nave is a two-light early English window with quatrefoil above, -in the eastern splay of which, inside the church, is a small, but -“singularly fine corbel head, crowned.” -Immediately eastward of the chancel arch in the south wall of the -chancel is a small square window, possibly a squint; and east of -this a very narrow small “lancet window has been -opened,” and still east of this, at a different elevation, -there is a good two-light decorated window. The chancel -arch is round-headed and plain; on either side of it are a pair -of Norman pillars, with the capitals hacked away; those on the -north side partly retain their rounded columns. There is a -perpendicular screen across the chancel arch of three -compartments above with ogee arches and richly carved finials, -the central compartment being open; and below are two panels on -either side the central open compartment, having ogee arches -within semi-circular rims. On the north side of the chancel -arch is a niche for a figure. In the north wall of the -chancel is an aumbrey, and an oblong one above it; and in the -south wall a square one corresponding. In the south wall, -under the easternmost window, is an easter sepulchre a plain -semi-circular arched recess, probably marking the tomb of the -founder. In the north wall of the nave is a similar, but -rather larger recess. The east window has three lights, -quatrefoiled, with trefoiled compartments above, and a quatrefoil -above these. The west door is square-headed with a low arch -within; over this a three-light quatrefoiled widow with -square-headed moulding above; and over this, in the gable, a -square, slit widow, above which hangs the one bell in a large -turret. The font on the north side of the west door, is -modern, circular, massive, of Caen stone. The sittings are -of deal; the pulpit, lectern, and chancel sedilia, of modern oak; -the roof throughout of pitch pine. There is a small brass -tablet of date circa 1600, with eight English rhyming lines, -forming a dialogue between a deceased wife and her surviving -husband. The stones of the walls are of all sizes and -shapes, and the massive western buttresses are 5ft. thick. -The benefice, a rectory, is now held with that of Hagworthingham, -and is in the incumbency of the Rev. G. R. Ekins, who resides at -the latter place.</p> -<p>Letters, <i>via</i> Spilsby, arrive at 8 a.m., and are -despatched at 5 p.m.</p> -<p><a name="page137"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 137</span><span -class="smcap">Asgarby</span>, which is ecclesiastically annexed -to the benefice of Lusby, lies about six miles south-east of -Horncastle, being about a mile south by east of Winceby, by which -it is reached from Horncastle, and about a mile west of -Lusby. Letters, via Spilsby, arrive at 8.30 a.m. The -nearest money order office is at Old Bolingbroke, and the nearest -telegraph office at East Kirkby, about 5 miles distant. The -whole parish comprises about 760 acres, divided into two farms, -the property of Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and occupied -respectively, Asgarby Hall farm by Mr. M. Dunham, and the Asgarby -House farm by Mr. W. H. Robinson, both these residences being -substantial structures of considerable age. It has been -asked “What’s in a name?” yet the name Asgarby -would seem significant. Its elements are “as” -(or Aes), “gar” (guard or garth), <a -name="citation137"></a><a href="#footnote137" -class="citation">[137]</a> and “by”; the first of -these implying the presence of “water,” the second -meaning, “an enclosure”; and the third “a -building”; thus we have, as the meaning of the whole, -“a water-enclosed building,” or moated -residence. The hall stands on an elevation, commanding an -extensive view, and there are various hollows and banks still -existing, which probably indicate the moat which at one time -surrounded a more important building than the present hall. -This is confirmed by the stews, or fish-ponds, lying westward -below the hall, which imply that the establishment required an -extensive fish diet, on the numerous Romish fast days. The -demesne is given in Domesday Book, along with Hareby, Mavis -Enderby, Raithby, and many others, which became the property of -Ivo Taillebois, by his marriage with the Lady Lucia, daughter of -the powerful Saxon Earl Alfgar, father-in-law of King -Harold. It probably passed at a later period to the Bishops -of Durham, who held many lordships in the neighbourhood; and -ultimately came to the Bishops of Lincoln, who were lords of the -manor, until the transference in 1862, of episcopal property to -the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who have since that time, owned -the estate.</p> -<p>The Benefice, now worth £40 a year, is described in -Liber Regis, as a curacy. It, however, gives its name to a -prebendal stall in Lincoln Cathedral. The church, <a -name="page138"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 138</span>dedicated -to St. Swithin, is an unpretending structure, of no architectural -merit; but since it was re-seated, with deal fittings, in 1882, -it has been kept, to say the least, in a neat condition. It -is doubtless one of the smallest parish churches in the kingdom, -the nave being slightly over 20ft. in length, and the chancel -about 9ft. The east window has two lights, in debased -style. There is a three-light debased window in the north -wall, and a corresponding one in the south wall. The pulpit -is of modern oak. There is a tablet on the south nave wall -in memory of Sarah, wife of John Parkinson, “greatly -admired for her virtue, frugality, and charity,” who died -17 May, 1816; also in memory of John Parkinson, her husband, who -died May 15, 1821.</p> -<p>In the north wall of the chancel is a memorial tablet of the -Rev. W. Ward, Incumbent, who died 26 Nov., 1846. The one -bell hangs in a turret over the west door. The register -dates from 1575. Canon Oldfield, who holds the benefice, -with that of Lusby, is also Rector of Hagworthingham, where he -resides. Asgarby Benefice is now held with Lusby, by Rev. -C. E. Bolam.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Miningsby</span>.</h3> -<p>Miningsby is situated about 7 miles from Horncastle in a -south-easterly direction, and is approached by way of -Mareham-on-the-Hill and Hameringham. It is seven miles from -Spilsby westward, and 9 miles north-east of Tattershall -Station. Letters, <i>via</i> Boston, arrive at 9 a.m. -The nearest money order and telegraph office is at East -Kirkby.</p> -<p>In the time of the Conqueror, this manor belonged to his -nephew, Ivo Taillebois, through his marriage with the Lady Lucia, -the rich heiress of the Saxon Thorolds. It is stated in -Domesday Book to comprise 6 carucates of land rateable to gelt -(<i>i.e.</i>, 720 acres), worked by thirty-six soke-men, eight -villeins, and 4 bordars, who had also 40 acres of meadow, <a -name="citation138"></a><a href="#footnote138" -class="citation">[138]</a> which is several acres in excess of -the present measurement.</p> -<p>Miningsby was connected with Spalding Priory in the following -manner. That monastery was founded by Thorold de Buchenale -(<i>i.e.</i>, Bucknall, near Horncastle), <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 952; <a name="page139"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 139</span>and the Lady Lucia, his niece and -heiress, in conjunction with her husband Ivo Taillebois (who was -Lord of Spalding), added largely to the original endowment from -her uncle. The churches of Bolingbroke, Stickney, and other -parishes, with “half the Church of East Keal,” were -given to the priory; also tithes from Claxby, Edlington, Minting, -Gautby, &c., and “temporalities” from Haltham, -Bolingboke, Miningsby, &c., the latter including two -carucates (or 240 acres) of land in Miningsby. On the -Dissolution of the Monasteries, by Henry VIII., several of these -properties passed to the crown, and became connected with the -Duchy of Lancaster, and the “Honour of -Bolingbroke.” We mention in the Notes on Revesby, and -other parishes, how those and other lands, passed, through the -Lady Lucia’s son (by her 2nd husband), William de Romara, -to the Abbey of Revesby, and at a later period to the Stanhopes, -and, by a parallel process, although through a distinct channel, -the Stanhopes are now lords of the manor of Miningsby, and own -most of the soil.</p> -<p>Frequent mention is made of Miningsby in the ancient Revesby -Abbey charters. <a name="citation139"></a><a href="#footnote139" -class="citation">[139]</a> By charters No. 1 B. and C., -William de Romara conveys to the abbey, 23 acres of land in -Miningsby, as well as common pasture in the same. Among the -witnesses to the latter, is Baldric de Cheles, a name still -represented in the neighbourhood, by the family of the Rev. Alan -Cheales, rector of Friskney, and owner of land in Hagworthingham, -&c. By charter No. 7 C., Hugo Wac confirms to the Abbot -of Revesby “two oxgangs (or 30 acres) of land in Miningsby -with right of pasturage and the hermitage, which Ranulph the Monk -made in Halton marsh.” This Hugo Wac, would seem to -be a representative of the ancient Lincolnshire Saxon family of -the Wakes, whose most distinguished member was “Hereward -the Wake,” lord of Bourne, the last hero of Anglo-Saxon -independence, whose “Camp of Refuge” for some time -defied the Conqueror, and whose exploits have been celebrated in -prose and verse. By charter No. 39, Alan son of Ranulph, of -Miningsby, gives 2 perches of meadow in “Sud Bec” -(south beck) in Miningsby, free of all service and claims (temp. -Henry II. or Richard I.) We may mention here that this -Miningsby beck is now <a name="page140"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 140</span>the chief feeder of the reservoir -which furnishes Boston with its water supply. By charter -No. 40 B., Richard I. confirms to the monks of Revesby certain -lands and possessions in Miningsby, Kirkby, Claxby, Mareham, -&c. This is witnessed by Hubert Walter, Archbishop of -Canterbury, Robert de Harecourt and others. By No. 41, a -plot of land in Miningsby is given “for the use of the -gate-monk, and for gate alms,” at the abbey, by William, -son of Roger de Bikinghesby (Wilksby?) temp. Richard I. or -John. By No. 59, William Helle, of Miningsby, gives the -right of pasturage for 60 sheep in Miningsby, free of all -claim. By No. 63, William, son of Ivo, of Kirkby, gives -land adjoining the place from which the sand was taken for -building Miningsby church, near “Crosbesich.” -By No. 115, William, son of John Barette, of Stickney, residing -at Miningsby, gives one perch of meadow, “for the -maintenance of two candles always burning in the Abbey -Chapel.” (Date Henry III. or Ed. I.) By No. -119, Nicholas, son of Roger Herod of Miningsby, gives “one -meadow, free of all claims,” and stipulates that “the -monks shall pay annually one penny towards maintaining the light -before the image of St. Nicholas, in Kirkby church, every St. -Nicholas Day.” By No. 131, Alan of Miningsby, gives -“one selion, <a name="citation140"></a><a -href="#footnote140" class="citation">[140]</a> and four -akerheveds” of land in Miningsby, in two places, called -“Hankes” and “Claxby dale,” free of all -claim (date, Ed. I.) By charter No. 150 B., the King, Henry -VIII., grants to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, all rights and -property, hitherto belonging to the monastery of Revesby, in -Miningsby, Moorby, Wood Enderby, Wilksby, East Kirkby, and many -other places, “having come into our hands by reason of the -dissolution of the said monastery.” The Duke’s -title is to date from March 1, in the 29th year of our reign, -<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1538. (British Museum, -additional MSS. 24805, fol. 32).</p> -<p>Among “Lincolnshire Wills,” we find Richard -Skepper, of East Kirkby, in his will, dated 26 May, 1556, -mentioning among other land, which he devises, certain copyhold -lands in Miningsby.</p> -<p>By will, dated 22 Dec. 1615, Robert Hustwait, of Great -Grimsby, makes his brother, Edward Hustwait, of Miningsbye, and -his cousin, Tristram Smith, of Awdbee Grange, supervisors, and -gives them twenty shillings each. <a -name="page141"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 141</span>The -Husthwaites were above the yeoman class, but not important enough -to appear in the Visitations of the Heralds; they intermarried -with the Wrights of Grimsby and Smyths of Audby, and lived at -Little Coates and Bradley.</p> -<p>By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 23 Henry VII., No. 78 -(<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1507–8), taken at -Horncastle, Jan. 14th, John Parke of Mynyngesby, John Skayman, of -Mynyngesby, being among the jurors, it was shewn that Thomas, the -Abbott of Revesby, was entitled to hold from the King, among -other lands, 10 acres of arable land and 4 acres of meadow, -called “Symondes lands” in Mynyngesby -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1895, p. 59), -notwithstanding the Statute of Mortmain.</p> -<p>By a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, file 68 (32), 30 Edw. I., Robert -de Wylgheby (Willoughby) granted to John Beek (Bec) certain lands -in Hareby, Kyrkeby, Bolyngbrok, Mythyggesby, &c., and -“the advowsons of the churches of Spillesby, Kyrkeby next -Bolingbroke, and the Church of Toynton.” -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, p. 56.)</p> -<p>Among the deeds connected with property in East Kirkby, now in -the possession of Porter Wilson, Esq., of Louth, is one, by which -Beatrix, wife of William Wriht of Mythingesby, quitclaims to -Robert de Silkeston, and Robert, son of Isabella Skells (Scales), -all her right in the lands and tenements in Mythingesby, which -they held of the gift of the said William her late husband. -Given at Kyrkeby juxta Bolingbrok, on Thursday next before the -feast of St. Michael, 1 Edw. III. (<span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1327.)</p> -<p>By another Deed, “Robert de Menynggesby, -chaplain,” with “Thomas de Marketon, Rector of -Harreby,” and another, “give to Robert de Silkeston -of Kyrkeby,” certain lands “in Menyngesby, Kirkby, -Bolynbrok, &c.” Given at Kirkeby, 26 Dec., 29 -Edw. III. (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1355.)</p> -<p>Among charters of the Ipré family, it is shewn that Sir -John de Ipré acquired “lands in Est Kerkeby, -Mithyngesby, &c., of Sir John de Nevill, knight, Lord of -Raby; which property descended to his son Thomas Ipré, who -granted the said lands for the use of Robert Grynne, and Richard -Grynne his son.” Date, 31 December, 1392.</p> -<p>N.B.—Sir Robert Sylkeston, knyght, of Est Kyrkeby, had -issue “Alicia maryed unto Robert Grynne”; whose great -great granddaughter “Audrya maryed unto Ric. -Skepper,” a member of the family already mentioned. -(“Linc. N.& Q,” v., pp. 73–4.)</p> -<p><a name="page142"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 142</span>By a -Deed, dated 19 May, 24 Henry VI. (1446), Henry the King orders -that certain rents for lands in Est Kirkby, Menyngesby, &c., -which had been unlawfully withheld by Alice Browne, shall be duly -paid to John Grynne, and Richard, his son, “they being at -the time of acquisition, men (<i>i.e.</i> bond-tenants) of our -manor.” “Given under our seal of our Duchy of -Lancaster at our palace of Westminster.” -(“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. v. p. 89.)</p> -<p>According to Liber Regis, there was formerly a charge of -1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> annually on certain lands in Miningsby, -towards the repairs of the church windows.</p> -<p>The Church, dedicated to St. Andrew, consists of nave, chancel -and a double bell-gable at the west end. It was restored at -the expense of J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., in 1878, when nearly the -whole fabric was taken down by the architect, the late Mr. James -Fowler, of Louth, and carefully reconstructed so as to preserve -its most interesting features. The stone then employed is -already (1901) showing signs of decay. The south wall of -the nave retains portions of an earlier Norman building, viz., -one Norman window and a semi-circular headed doorway, set flush -with the wall, enclosing a later pointed arch, also set flush. <a -name="citation142a"></a><a href="#footnote142a" -class="citation">[142a]</a> The chancel is early English, -with lancet windows, in the east end and side walls; there is -also a lancet window in the north wall of the nave. There -was formerly a chantry in the north side of the church, the arch -of which is now blocked. In the west wall are two tall -trefoil windows. The font is perpendicular, with octagonal -embattled bowl, supported by four columns with square flowers in -the capitals. The chancel is separated from the nave by a -good open rood screen, containing portions of the original. -The whole interior presents a well-ordered church appearance. <a -name="citation142b"></a><a href="#footnote142b" -class="citation">[142b]</a> The object, however, of special -interest here, is a so-called “Runic” stone, covered -with the involuted “knot,” or “figure of -eight” pattern. Not many years ago it formed the -threshold of a door, but was rescued by the Rev. G. Maughan, -rector of East Kirkby, when he had charge of this parish, who had -it placed <a name="page143"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -143</span>against the north wall of the chancel. It is -fortunately still in a very fair condition, with the exception of -a portion gone from one end, and a crack towards the other -end. There are, or were recently, two other specimens in -the neighbourhood, one, a fragment at Lusby, and the other at -Mavis Enderby. The Lusby fragment is said to have been -Norman. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. iv. p. -225). That at Mavis Enderby, now used as a church door -step, and the pattern, consequently much defaced, is, like this -at Miningsby, said to be of pre-Norman style, though not -necessarily pre-Norman date. The former, however, is coped, -while the latter is flat. The Rev. G. Maughan believed that -there was another similar stone within the same chancel wall, -but, as that part of the fabric was not taken down by the -architect, it was not exposed to view. (“Linc. N. -& Q.” vol. iii. p. 157.) The frill border of the -Miningsby stone is decidedly Saxon in character. It is 44 -inches long, by 19½ wide, and 6in. thick. These -stones are specially interesting and far from common. -Interlaced work was an ancient Hittite ornament, as shewn in a -seal, engraved in the “Archæological Journal,” -vol. xliv. p. 348. Specimens are found, however, in Italy, -Greece, France, as well as similar patterns in Saxon, Lombardic, -and Spanish MSS. The stones are more common in Ireland than -in England. Several are found like the Iona cross in -Scotland, probably imported from Ireland, by the missionaries of -St. Columba. There is an excellent sketch of the Miningsby -stone, by the Rev. J. A. Penny, vicar of Wispington, in -“Lincolnshire Notes and Queries,” vol. iv., p. -225.</p> -<p>After the Reformation, the earliest presentation which we find -to this benefice is that of William Clerke, by King Edward VI. -(as Duke of Lancaster); he was instituted as rector, 4, Edwd. -VI., <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1550–1. -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, p. 23.)</p> -<p>Recent rectors have been the Rev. E. Repton, in the earlier -years of the century; the Rev. W. Nevins, later; and the Rev. H. -Caukwell, appointed in 1878. The register dates from 1688, -earlier records being lost. The children have a right to go -to the free school of East Kirkby.</p> -<p>There is a modern commodious house, occupied by the present -rector, who has 170 acres of glebe; but it is remarkable that -about 100 acres of glebe are missing; <a name="page144"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 144</span>the award made by the commissioners -in lieu of tithe being largely in excess of the land now attached -to the benefice. This parish also contains about 100 acres -of charity land belonging to Stamford school.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Oxcombe</span>.</h3> -<p>This parish is situated about 7 miles, in a north-easterly -direction from Horncastle, and about the same distance south-west -from Louth. It is interesting to notice that in the name of -this parish we have one of the few survivals in the county of its -former British inhabitants. The old writer, William Camden, -Clarenceaux King of Arms, in his “Remaines concerning -Britain,” p. 116, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1657, -says “Combe, a word in use both in France and England, for -a valley between high hills.” It is, in fact, the -term still common in the south of England for a secluded valley, -as in such names as Pyecombe, in Sussex, a village nestling in a -hollow at the base of the south Downs; Combe Pyne, and Combe -Martin, in Devonshire, and many another similar name, as well as -in the old Welsh (or British) “cwm,” which occurs in -many a name in Wales, of places situated in like hill-locked -positions. And this exactly describes the situation of -Oxcombe, a valley almost cup-shaped, surrounded by steep hills, -the whole parish now forming one estate, of something over 1,000 -acres in extent, lying in a ring fence.</p> -<p>In Domesday Book it is also called Oxetune, in which the -suffix “tune,” or “ton,” is the later -Saxon for inclosure, implying a secluded farmstead, where some -Saxon Thane’s cattle were housed. In that record of -the Norman Conqueror, of which the date for Lincolnshire is about -1085 <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, this parish is mentioned -twice, once, as connected with the manor of Fulletby, which was -among the lands conferred by William the Conqueror, on the Bishop -of Durham, William de Karilepho, a Norman, who was a favourite -with that king, and was appointed by him Chief Justice of -England; and once among the possessions of the Norman noble, Hugh -de Abrinchis (or Avranches), who was nephew of the Conqueror, -and, besides being endowed by him with the Barony of the whole -county of <a name="page145"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -145</span>Chester, held also nearly one hundred and fifty manors -in this County and elsewhere. He was surnamed Lupus or -“The Wolf” (as has been stated in other of these -records) from the many deeds of violence, for which he was famed; -and for which he endeavoured to atone in the closing years of his -somewhat lawless life, by becoming a monk in the Abbey of St. -Werberg, at Chester, which he had himself founded.</p> -<p>The part of this manor, held by the Bishop of Durham, was -combined with Fulletby, the adjoining parish westward, and was, -under the Bishop, farmed by socmen, or free tenants. The -portion belonging to Lupus was held by him, as in the soke of -Farforth, another adjoining parish eastward, and was also farmed -by socmen.</p> -<p>Hugh de Abrincis left one son, who succeeded to his estates; -but, as we have elsewhere observed, the tenure of land was, in -those unsettled times, very precarious, and we have evidence that -lands in Oxcombe, at an early date, passed into other -hands. The land became in part the property of Bullington -Priory, which was an off-shoot of the Gilbertine Priory, of -Sempingham, famous for the severity of its monastic rules. -Bullington Priory was founded by Simon Fitzwilliam, <a -name="citation145a"></a><a href="#footnote145a" -class="citation">[145a]</a> in the reign of Stephen, and endowed -with various lands in the neighbourhood. These endowments -were augmented by William de Kyme, a member of another powerful -family in the county, who had also lands at Sotby, and elsewhere; -and further additions were made by the Crevecœurs, <a -name="citation145b"></a><a href="#footnote145b" -class="citation">[145b]</a> a family of much importance from the -time of the Norman Conquest, Sir Hamon de Crevecœur -succeeding to the barony of the Abrincis, located in Kent, with -the title of Barons of Folkstone; while in this immediate -neighbourhood, they held the lands in Somersby and Bag -Enderby. A few old records exist showing ownership in -Oxcombe, at an early date, by several other parties.</p> -<p><a name="page146"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 146</span>By an -agreement made under date, 15 June, 1202, between Matilda, wife -of Richard de Ormsby, on the one part, and Walter Futenglaz, -tenant of certain lands in Oxcombe, the said Walter, on his part, -acknowledged the said lands to be the right and inheritance of -Matilda; and in return Matilda granted them to Walter, to hold to -him and his heirs, of the said Matilda, and her heirs for ever, -by the service of 12<i>d.</i> by the year; and for this grant, -the said Walter gave her ½ mark. (“Final -Concords.”)</p> -<p>We next get a connection of this parish with the Priories of -Sempringham and Bullington, already referred to. By an -agreement, dated 20 April, 1203, between Roger, Prior of -Sempringham, and William de Oxecumbe, touching lands in the -parish, the said William “warranted to the said prior and -his successors, the charters which the same prior had of William, -father of the said William, and all the said lands; and he -granted them to hold to the said prior and his successors, and to -the church of the blessed Mary of Bulinton, and to the Nuns and -the Brethren serving God there, in pure and perpetual alms, free -of all secular service and exaction.” And for this -grant and warrant, the prior gave the said William 2 marks.</p> -<p>Another document introduces a member of an important family -holding considerable possessions in Yorkshire and -elsewhere. It is an agreement, dated 26 April, 1214, -between Robert de Malo Lacu and Emma his wife, on the one part, -and Robert de Oxecumbe and others, among them being Walter Bec, -on the other part, concerning the right to certain lands which -Walter Bec “acknowledges to be the right of the said Robert -de Malo Lacu, and Emma, his wife,” &c. In return -for which they grant to the said Walter, 12 oxgangs of land, here -and elsewhere, “to have and to hold to him and his heirs -for ever, doing the service of five parts of a knight’s -fee.” This Walter Bec would appear to have been a -member of the wealthy family who are mentioned in the Records of -Spilsby and Lusby, as holding large property in those parishes -and elsewhere, and as being ancestors of the Lords of -Willoughby. The de Malo Lacu family, otherwise de Mauley -were powerful Normans; the head of the race, Peter de Malo Lacu -being born at Poictou in France. He, coming over to England -in the reign of Henry III., built the castle of Mountgrace, in -the East Riding of Yorkshire. Camden, states that there -were eight Peters in <a name="page147"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 147</span>succession who held these estates, -the last of them leaving two daughters, one of whom married -Bigot, a member of the family of the Earl Marechal, of England; -the other married a member of the knightly family of Salvain, and -the de Mauley estates were divided between these two -families. The arms of the Lords de Malo Lacu were a bend, -sable, on an escutcheon, or. (“Hist. of Meux -Abbey,” quoted Camden’s “Britannia,” pp. -751, &c.)</p> -<p>By deed, dated 25 November, 1218, in a dispute between the -same Matilda, wife of Richard Ormesby, and William, Prior of -Bolinton, concerning the advowson of the church of Oxecumb, the -said Prior recognised the advowson to be the right of Matilda, -and for himself and his successors surrendered it to the said -Matilda and her heirs for ever, an unusual act of grace, as it -was rarely that any property passing into the possession of a -religious house left their grasp again, until the time came when -they had finally and for ever to disgorge their acquisitions, not -seldom questionably obtained. On 12 May, 1240, in a dispute -between Robert, son of Osbert, and Matilda de Marton, concerning -land in Oxecumbe, Matilda admitted the said land to be the right -of Robert, “to have and to hold to him and his heirs for -ever, he rendering 4<i>s.</i> by the year, and doing foreign -service.” Truly, it would seem, from these various -disputes all occurring within less than the first half of the -13th century, <a name="citation147"></a><a href="#footnote147" -class="citation">[147]</a> there must have been something in the -atmosphere of Oxcombe which rendered its people peculiarly -litigious. Could the confined position, we are almost -inclined to ask, have narrowed their ideas, and, shut out as they -were from the larger world beyond, the “combe,” have -given them an undue sense of their own importance?</p> -<p>A gap now occurs of many years before we find further records -of this little lordship.</p> -<p>Among the Chancery Inquisitions in the reign of Richard III. -and Henry VII., is one (No. 246), held at Lincoln Castle, 28 -January, 1504–5, by which it appears that Thomas Welby, a -member of another prominent Lincolnshire family, who held the -manor of Halstede, in Stixwould, in this neighbourhood, and -manors or lands in nearly 30 other parishes in various parts of -the county, had lands in Oxcomb, and the adjoining -Ruckland. He, by <a name="page148"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 148</span>charter, granted these possessions -to Edward Burgh, knight, George Taylbois, knight, and others, to -administer his will, on behalf of his son and heir, Thomas Welby, -then of the age of 16. (“Architect. Soc. -Journal,” 1895, p. 68.)</p> -<p>After the dissolution of the monasteries, in the following -reign, the lands connected with the priories of Sempringham and -Bullington, in Oxcombe, would pass into other hands, and -accordingly we find new names among the owners. By will, -dated 14 June, 1535, John Gedney, of Bag Enderby, Esquire, leaves -lands in Bag Enderby, Oxcombe, Winceby, Langton, and Somersby, to -his sons John and Andrew, a witness to the will being George -Musgrave, parson of Oxcombe. Oxcombe evidently fell to the -share of the latter of these two sons, since a few years later, -Andrew Gedney of Bag Enderby <a name="citation148"></a><a -href="#footnote148" class="citation">[148]</a> (in 1562) -presented Robert Brown to the benefice of Oxcombe, vacated by the -death of Roger Barry, (“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, -p. 8.)</p> -<p>The tenure of the Gedneys, however, in due course went -“the way of all flesh.” They had apparently -inherited considerable property from the old family of the -Crevecœurs, already mentioned. They had made good -connections, this Andrew himself having married Dorothy, daughter -of Sir William Skipwith, of South Ormsby, but they probably got -into difficulties at the time of “the Lincolnshire -Rising” in 1536, in which Andrew was involved. In -1579, Andrew Gedney sold Oxcombe Grange to John Copledyke, who -obtained Queen Elizabeth’s pardon for making the purchase -without her license, which was then required by law, as a royal -prerogative and source of revenue; and the following is the next -notice we find of the family:—By will, dated 1 April, 1613, -Richard Gedney, of Bag Enderby, Esq., leaves 10<i>s</i>. to the -poor of Oxcombe; but William Morton, of Oxcombe, and Thomas -Cheales of Hagworthingham, are requested to manage his manor of -Oxcombe, and pay his debts out of it. This was the -beginning of the end, and the Gedneys in due course disappeared -from the landed gentry of Lincolnshire. The name, for a -time, revived in the second half of the 19th century, in the -person of a relative of the present writer, who owned Candlesby -Hall, but it was only “a flash in the pan,” and they -are gone.</p> -<p><a name="page149"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -149</span>Another name now comes to the fore. Henry VIII. -granted extensive lands, which had been connected with the rich -monasteries, to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, who was -grandson of William Brandon, standard bearer to Henry VII., who -was slain at the battle of Bosworth. The Duke died leaving -two sons by his 4th wife, Catherine, who was daughter and heiress -of the Lord Willoughby d’ Eresby of that day. -(Dugdale “Baronage,” ii., 300.) These both died -of “the sweating sickness,” while quite young, and -thereupon the descendants of Sir William Brandon’s -daughters were declared to be the heirs. One of these, -Eleanor, married John Glemham, of Glemham Parva, Co. -Suffolk. Their descendants, by marriage, or otherwise, -acquired the manors of Burwell, Calceby and Mareham-le-Fen, and -at later periods, lands in Goulceby, Donnington-on-Bain, -Belchford, Walmsgate, Fairforth, and several other parishes, and -in 1641, Sir Thomas Glemham sold most of these to Matthew Lister, -Esq., of St. Martins-in-the Fields, Co. Middlesex; among the -lands then disposed of, Oxcombe is named with the above -neighbouring parishes, though we do not find it specified -before. It is supposed that Sir Thomas, who was a warm -supporter of the unfortunate King Charles I., effected this sale -in order to aid his sovereign. Be that as it may, Oxcombe -passed from the Glemhams to the Listers. For nearly 200 -years this family continued to hold the bulk of this property, -but, in their turn, the Listers also fell upon evil times, and -their estates gradually came under the hammer. The -patronage of the benefice was vested in the Langtons, of -Langton-by-Spilsby, in 1677, 1717, and 1762 (Liber Regis), and, -according to Noble’s “Gazetteer,” also as late -as 1833, and they were probably owners in part, of the -soil. In 1799, John Grant died lord of the manor, and three -members of his family held it in succession. In 1842, the -benefice was held jointly with that of Belchford, by the Rev. -Egremont Richardson, B. Grant, Esq., being patron. Since -then it has been held singly by three successive incumbents, the -Rev. John Chalmers, the Rev. Goulding Saunders, and the Rev. -James Clarke, but since 1898 the two have been again held -together by the Rev. R. H. Domenichetti. In 1863, David -Briggs, Esq., was lord of the manor. On his death, in 1876, -it was bought by T. Ross, Esq., who died in 1885, when it was -again sold to the late Spedding Whitworth, Esq., of <a -name="page150"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -150</span>Wath-upon-Dearne, Co. Yorke, whose son, Harrie -Whitworth, is the present owner. The whole parish is now -occupied and farmed by Mr. Henry Meanwell, who resides in the -manor house, a substantial residence, built in Elizabethan style, -in 1845–6, surrounded by extensive grounds, well-kept, and -a well-wooded park of some 50 acres.</p> -<p>The Church, dedicated to All Saints, is a small brick -structure, adjoining, to the east, the manor house grounds. -It was restored in 1884, by T. Ross, Esq., the then owner of the -manor, in the decorated style. It consists of nave, and -chancel, with apsidal east end. Over the west door rises an -octagonal turret of stone, containing one small bell. The -pulpit and sittings are of good old oak, with nicely carved poppy -heads. Near the pulpit is an old-fashioned square family -pew. The north and south walls of the nave have each a -couple of two-light trefoiled windows. The font is -octagonal, the faces trefoiled, with plain shields in each face, -the shaft octagonal, standing on a pediment of two steps. -The chancel arch is peculiar as being remarkably low. There -are good carved oak altar rails, and a modern east window of -three lights. On the south wall of the chancel is a tablet -in memory of John Grant, the former lord of the manor, who died -in 1799. The inscription formerly stated that he had made -“£100,000 by farming, which had never been done -before,” but this latter part is now erased. On the -north wall is a tablet to Thomas Grant, who died in 1810; also to -William Grant, who died in 1817. In the churchyard is a -Grant altar tomb and vault; also two tombs of grey granite, in -memory of Thomas Ross, and his wife Anne; also a tomb of David -Briggs, Esq., former owner of the manor, who died, April 1st, -1876, and two others of Benjamin Briggs, and another David -Briggs.</p> -<p>This sequestered place is approached by a road, worn, probably -by usage through long ages, to a depth of several feet below the -ordinary level of the ground, the high banks on each side of it -being covered with neatly-trimmed shrubbery, and the whole has -the appearance of a well-cared-for estate, all the buildings -being substantial and in excellent order. Some of the -fields still retain names which tell of by-gone ages. To -the north are fields named “Scotland Deepdales,” and -“Scotland Walk,” which may possibly refer to the old -parochial taxation, “Scot and <a name="page151"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 151</span>Lot” (Saxon, sceat and lot), -which was levied upon all subjects according to their ability, -for the poor, church expenses, village watchman, &c., the -right of voting for members of parliament and other officials, -being vested in those who paid “scot and lot.” -One field is named “Mill Walk,” indicating where the -manorial lord once had that valuable source of revenue, the mill, -at which all the bordars and villeins were bound to have their -corn ground. One part of the ground is named -“Groves’ Walk,” a plantation so-called from a -poacher, Groves, who was shot in a night skirmish many years -ago. In a wood in the Farford direction, adders are said to -have been numerous. There is an extensive pasture named the -“Intake,” probably recording its first inclosure from -the common land. Two arable fields are called the -“Near” and “Far” “Gaire”; -gaire, garing, or geira, being a very ancient term for a section -of land ploughed in a different direction from the rest, as these -are still at the present time. While ploughing a part of -this manor in the year 1818, a labourer found a small silver -casket, containing 46<i>s.</i> of the early part of the reign of -Queen Elizabeth, which were scarcely injured by the lapse of -time. (“Hist. Linc.,” by J. Saunders, vol. ii., -p. 177.)</p> -<p>Altogether, this parish of some 5 houses, and less than 40 -inhabitants, forms a very interesting little estate.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Raithby</span>.</h3> -<p>Raithby is situated about 2 miles from Spilsby and about 9 -miles from Horncastle, on the main road between the two towns, -<i>via</i> Hagworthingham. It is within the ancient soke of -Bolingbroke, and an appanage of the Duchy of Lancaster. -There is a post and money order office, and letters, <i>via</i> -Spilsby, arrive at 7.5 a.m., and depart at 5.40 p.m. The -nearest telegraph office is at Spilsby. Not much of the -early history of this parish is to be found. As is stated -in the notes on Mavis Enderby, these two parishes were closely -connected, land in both being held by the Saxon, Elnod (Domesday -Book), also, in early Norman times, by William de Karilepho, the -powerful Bishop of Durham, and by the Conqueror’s -favourite, Ivo Taillebois, who, from the vast possessions which -he <a name="page152"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -152</span>acquired through his wife, the Lady Lucia, seems to -have verily suffered from the disease of “land -hunger.” Rather later, Eudo, son of Spirewic, the -founder of the Tattershall family, held lands in Raithby, as well -as at Mavis Enderby. In the reign of Edwd. I. (1402), the -manor and advowsons of Raithby and Mavis Enderby were held by -Robert de Willoughby, ancestor of the present Lord -Willoughby. The descendants of Ivo Taillebois seem to have -retained at least some of their property in Raithby for a longer -period than they did in some other parishes, as we find that -“Thomas Tailbus” of Raithby, by will, dated 7 March, -1556, requested that he might be buried “in our -Lady’s Choir.” He states that he made his will -while “mighty of mind, whole of witt and -understanding.” He makes his wife, Johan, executrix, -and desires her to give to their son Roger, and Agnes Harper -(presumably a married daughter), “as much as may be -conveniently spared.” (“Lincolnshire -Wills,” by Canon Maddison).</p> -<p>The pedigree of the Taylbois’ of Raithby is given in the -Visitation of 1562.</p> -<p>Again, by will, dated 5 March, 1579, John Taylboys, of -Raithby, gent., desires that he may be buried in the -church. He leaves everything to his wife, except -10<i>s.</i> to his mother, and William Thompson and “Wil -Cockson,” executors are to pay £12, “bequeathed -by my father to sexe children.”</p> -<p>The Littleburies had also land in Raithby; since by will, -dated 1 Sep., 1568, Humphrey Littlebury, of East Kirkby, left -land at Raithby, and other places, to his son, John Littlebury, -and John Littlebury of Hagworthingham, by will, dated 28 Sep., -1612, left his lands at Raithby to his son John. As I -mention in the notes on Salmonby, the Littlebury family were -originally located in the Holbeach neighbourhood; Robert and his -ancestors held land there, and at Whaplode, of the abbots of -Croyland long before the reign of Edw. III. But he began to -get in arrear with his rent, as shewn by the following list of -omissions recorded against him:—</p> -<table> -<tr> -<td></td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">£</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">s.</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">d.</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>For his own and his men’s table with the abbot of -Croyland</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">40</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Farms of tithes in Whaplode</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">9</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Denariis mutuo receptis (<i>i.e.</i> money borrowed)</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">12</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Several horses borrowed and not returned</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">4</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>Other items are given as a set off, as well as his legacy -of</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">40</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td><p>But there still remains a debt of</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">60</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -<td><p style="text-align: right">0</p> -</td> -</tr> -</table> -<p><a name="page153"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 153</span>This -was a large sum in those days. But John Littlebury gave the -abbot “diverse jewels” in payment of this debt. -(Appendix to Cough’s “Croyland,” from the Abbey -register.)</p> -<p>Sir Martin Littlebury was Chief Justice of England, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1243. His wife was Anne, -daughter of Sir Henry Rochford. They intermarried with -several other families of position and influence. Their -pedigree is given in the Herald’s Visitation of -Lincolnshire, in 1562–64, coming down to Humphrey -Littlebury, of Stainsby, named above, as holding land in -Raithby. (“Notices on Holbeach,” by G. W. -McDonald).</p> -<p>By will, dated 4 March, 1599, Anne Skipwith, of Hanney, left -legacies to Thomas and Robert Raithby, and this patronymic is not -uncommon in the neighbourhood still.</p> -<p>In later years the manor of Raithby was the property of the -Brackenburies, who had a handsome residence, Raithby Hall, which -was, in 1848, purchased by the Rev. E. Rawnsley, who is now lord -of the manor. A curious circumstance connected with the -Hall is that during the time when it was owned by Mr. Robert Carr -Brackenbury, he, being a friend of John Wesley, granted him the -use of the hay loft for religious services, and subsequently by -will provided that all future owners of the property should -fulfil this condition, and these services are still occasionally -held there, so that we have now the anomaly of the Hall being -owned and occupied by a clergyman of the church of England, while -the loft over his stables is used by a Wesleyan minister.</p> -<p>The benefice formerly paid a pension to the abbots of Croyland -of £1 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> At the Reformation the -tithes were seized by “the Merry Monarch,” and the -patronage of the benefice now belongs to the crown. The -late Geo. Walker, Esq., of Offord House, Spilsby, owned an estate -in this parish, also Admiral Buckle, who now resides at Gunby -Hall. There is a free school here for the poor children of -Raithby, Mavis Enderby, Hundleby, and Sausthorpe, founded and -endowed by Thomas Lawford, in 1683, and besides his endowment, -the teacher has the dividend of £204 1<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> -left by Elizabeth Kirkbridge, of Hull, in 1813, and the interest -of £100 left by John Dawson, in 1839.</p> -<p><a name="page154"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 154</span>The -Church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It consists of -tower, nave, with south porch, north and south aisles, and -chancel. The tower is of 3 tiers, and has 3 bells. -The church was thoroughly restored in 1873, the chancel and nave -wholly rebuilt, the architect being Mr. G. G. Scott. The -porch has a very curious stoup in the western corner, with 3 -Norman columns as supports. The north and south aisles have -3 bays, the columns being transitional Norman. In the north -wall is a door and two square-headed, perpendicular windows with -coloured glass; one of these has for its subjects St. George and -St. Andrew, the other, St. David and St. Patrick. There is -also a two-light window in the east wall of the north -aisle. In the south wall, west of the porch, is a coloured -two-light window, the subjects being, above, the Good Shepherd -and the Presentation in the Temple, and below, Christ blessing -little children, and our Lord’s baptism. Next to the -porch, eastward, is a memorial two-light window to John Coleridge -Kennard, the subjects being, the Resurrection, and the -Ascension. The window at the east end of the south aisle is -a two-light one, with coloured glass, by Kemp, the subjects -being, Works of Mercy; it was put in in memory of Mrs. Rawnsley, -by friends. The font is modern, also the lectern and the -rood screen, which is coloured red, gilt, and blue. The -east, north, and south windows in the chancel were given by the -late Mrs. Rawnsley, who lengthened the chancel to its original -dimensions, and gave the screen. The east window has three -lights, the subjects being, in the centre, the Crucifixion, in -the northern light, Gethsemane, in the southern light, the -Saviour’s baptism. The walls of the chancel are -painted with various devices. The reredos has three -compartments, the centre, showing the Crucifixion; on the right -(south), the Saviour and the Magdalen, Noli me tangere; on the -left (north), the angel appearing to Mary, Ave Maria. Two -other windows have the following subjects:—In one, in the -centre, is the Lord in glory, with St. Michael, on the one side, -St. Gabriel, on the other, by Milner; in the other, of four -lights, put in by members of the Rawnsley family, in memory of -their mother, the subjects are, in the lower part, one scene -throughout, the birth at Bethlehem; above, the compartments show -the Annunciation, with the Presentation and Visitation on either -side. The south chancel window of three lights, <a -name="page155"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 155</span>with -coloured glass, has the three subjects, St. Alban, St. Agnes, and -St. Catherine. There is a piscina in the south wall of the -chancel. The material of the structure is Spilsby green -sandstone. The tower is of the Perpendicular period, other -parts being a mixture of the Perpendicular, Decorated, and -Transitional styles. The church is unusually rich in -coloured glass, although all of it modern. The benefice, a -rectory, is held by the Rev. George Ward, who lives at Mavis -Enderby, of which parish he is also rector. Of the church -plate, the chalice is of the date of Cromwell; the paten and -former cover of chalice are of the date of Elizabeth. A -modern paten has been presented by the Rev. E. Rawnsley. -The register dates from 1558. It contains a note by a -former rector, stating that a number of pages had been lost in -the waste paper basket of his predecessor, but that, from other -sources, he had himself supplied the deficiency. Then -follows a long series of entries, all in one handwriting, the -curious part, however, is that his own death is recorded in the -same handwriting. We leave it to the reader to solve this -puzzle of a posthumous record. The sandstone, which -prevails generally throughout this district, disappears at -Raithby, but about half-a-mile north-east of Raithby church, -numerous phosphatic nodules are found scattered about the -surface. The nodule bed can be traced across the fields to -the south-west, and the phosphates lie generally in -patches. The hill, south of Raithby, consists of the -formation known as Tealby clay, capped with chalky boulder clay, -blue clay appearing on its western slope. These clays rest -upon a floor of hard calcareous ferruginous rock, full of brown -oolitic grains.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Ranby</span>.</h3> -<p>Ranby is situated on the old Roman road to Caistor, northward, -rather more than 7 miles from Horncastle. The vicar, the -Rev. G. S. Lee, resides at Benniworth, rather more than 3 miles -distant, of which he is rector. Letters, <i>via</i> -Lincoln, arrive at 10.30. Ranby is probably a contraction -of Ravenby; as we have near Louth, two parishes, Ravendale, east -and west, and the hamlet of <a name="page156"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 156</span>Raventhorpe, in the north of the -county, in the parish of Appleby, near Brigg. Ravendale is -contracted into the patronymic Randell; and so Ravenby becomes -Ranby.</p> -<p>Ranby Hall, the seat of the Otter family, who have been -located here and at Clayworth, Notts., more than a century, is a -handsome residence in well-wooded grounds. One of the -family was Bishop of Chichester, and another Archdeacon of -Chichester.</p> -<p>In Domesday Book, the manor of Ranby is reckoned among the -possessions of Odo, Bishop of Baieux, who was half-brother of -William the Conqueror, and Earl of Kent. He became Bishop -in 1049, and died at Palermo, on his way to the Holy Land, in -1097. Besides being Earl of Kent, he was Count Palatine and -Justiciary of England. His abilities and his influence were -so great that writers of the day described him as being, -“totius Angliæ, Vice-dominus sub rege.” -He was, however, too arrogant, and aspiring to the Papacy, he was -about to leave England for Rome, taking with him the wealth he -had amassed, when he was apprehended by King William, and sent to -prison in Normandy. On the death of the Conqueror, he was -liberated by William Rufus, but never acquired his former power, -and being concerned in a conspiracy, had to abjure the -realm. He held at one time 76 lordships in Lincolnshire, -besides many in other counties. Another Norman, Ralph de -St. Valery, a town in Picardy, also had a grant of land in Ranby, -to the extent of 360 acres with 14 socmen holding 7 oxgangs, and -2 bordars with 240 acres between them. A Saxon thane, -Godric, had some 604 acres. The church had a resident -priest, owning a mill, worth 10<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i> a year, and -270 acres of meadow. At a later date, Ranby was an appanage -of Tupholme Abbey. <a name="citation156a"></a><a -href="#footnote156a" class="citation">[156a]</a></p> -<p>The Church, dedicated to St. German, stands on an elevation, -and would be a conspicuous object for several miles, but that it -is embowered in lofty trees. <a name="citation156b"></a><a -href="#footnote156b" class="citation">[156b]</a> It was -restored in 1839 at the expense of Miss Alice Otter, who also -presented three bells; and it was further improved in 1862, when -the tower was incased with new stone, and <a -name="page157"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 157</span>the chancel -re-built. The old chancel arch was at that time removed, -and now forms the arch under the tower, the stone having been -re-chiselled. The tower is massive, with four pinnacles, -having two-light flamboyant windows in each face, and small -lancet windows below them, in the west and south sides. In -the north wall of the nave, there is one two-light flamboyant -window, and in the south wall, two similar ones. A small -north transept forms a vestry, in the west wall of which are -preserved some small arches from an earlier fabric, and in its -north wall is a two-light flamboyant window. In the north -chancel wall there is a small one-light window. The east -window has three lights with three trefoils above, and in the -south chancel wall there is a two-light window with trefoil -above. All the chancel windows have coloured glass. -The south window is a memorial of Francis Otter, of -Clayworth. The subject of the east window is the -Ascension. The pillars of the new chancel arch have -richly-carved capitals. The sittings are of plain -oak. The font is octagonal, with plain shields and other -devices on the faces. There is a Walesby tablet on the -south wall of the nave, and large Walesby monuments in the -churchyard. Weir, in his “History of -Lincolnshire,” mentions a large ancient tumulus as being -near the church. <a name="citation157a"></a><a -href="#footnote157a" class="citation">[157a]</a></p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Revesby</span>.</h3> -<p>Revesby is situated about 7½ miles from Horncastle, in -a south-easterly direction; some 12 miles north-west from Boston, -8 miles south-west from Spilsby, and about 7 miles East, from the -nearest railway station at Tattershall. Letters, <i>via</i> -Boston, arrive at 7 a.m. The nearest telegraph office is at -Mareham-le-Fen. One derivation of the name Revesby is from -a Danish word meaning a “fox,” the Danes certainly at -one time settled extensively in this neighbourhood, and -“by” is a very common Danish termination. -(Streatfeild “Lincolnshire and the Danes.”) -Another and perhaps more likely derivation is from the -“reeve,” or public guardian of the fen, <a -name="citation157b"></a><a href="#footnote157b" -class="citation">[157b]</a> who might well <a -name="page158"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 158</span>reside -here, to look after the means of communication, roads and -channels in the great tract of country southward, which was at -one time almost a waste of morass, and subject to frequent -inundation from the sea, and in connection with this, it may be -mentioned that one of the recognised duties of religious houses, -<a name="citation158a"></a><a href="#footnote158a" -class="citation">[158a]</a> such as the Abbey of Revesby, was to -keep roads and bridges in proper repair, and a portion of the -Revesby property, named Stickney Wydale, was granted to the -abbey, on condition that the monks kept in proper order the -“Northdyke Causeway,” then a main road raised above -the floods. <a name="citation158b"></a><a href="#footnote158b" -class="citation">[158b]</a> And among the charters and -deeds of Revesby, is one (No. 7<i>b</i>), by which William de -Romara undertakes to compel the men of Holland to keep in repair -a waggon-road from Sibsey. <a name="citation158c"></a><a -href="#footnote158c" class="citation">[158c]</a></p> -<p>The history of Revesby at that period is lost to us. No -Saxon chronicles exist, as they do as regards some other places, -to tell us of those early days. Yet we can, in a degree, -connect Revesby with a great Saxon family, and one which is -represented by a leading family in our county in the present -day.</p> -<p>The Abbey of Revesby was founded by William de Romara, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1143. <a name="citation158d"></a><a -href="#footnote158d" class="citation">[158d]</a> He was the -son of Roger de Romara, who married (about 1093), as her 2nd -husband, the lady Lucia, who was daughter and heiress of Thorold, -of Buchenale (now Bucknall in this neighbourhood), Sheriff of -Lincolnshire, and that family survives now in Sir John C. -Thorold, of Syston Hall, near Grantham. The family of -Thorold, or, as it was spelt at that time, Turold, was even then -old and distinguished. He was the brother of the Lady -Godiva, of Coventry fame, wife of Earl Leofric, and mother of -Earl Algar, and descended, according to Camden -(“Britannia”, p. 474), and others, <a -name="citation158e"></a><a href="#footnote158e" -class="citation">[158e]</a> from the Saxon Earl, Egga (and -Morcar), who flourished in the 8th century. The first -husband of Lucia, was Ivo <a name="page159"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 159</span>Taillebois, of Anjou, who came over -with the Conqueror, as the leader of his Angevin -auxiliaries. After the death of the brave young Saxon -nobles, Edwin and Morcar, brothers-in-law, of King Harold, who -refused to submit to the Norman yoke, their sister, the Lady -Lucia, became entitled to all their possessions, and therefore -was an heiress worth securing; and, much against her wish, the -Conqueror bestowed her upon his favourite, Ivo (<span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1072). With her, this Ivo -acquired, among much other property, the manors of Revesby and -East Kirkby. We find the first mention of Revesby, in -Domesday Book (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1085), as -follows:—“In Churchebi and Resuesbi there are 12 -carucates (or about 1440 acres) of land, rateable to gelt;” -<a name="citation159"></a><a href="#footnote159" -class="citation">[159]</a> the land is 12 carucates; 54 sokemen -and 14 villeins have these 12 carucates. Ivo has 1 carucate -(in demense) and 2 churches, and 180 acres of meadow land. -The whole manor, with all that belongs thereto, is 6 miles long -and 6 miles broad. Turold was Lord of Spalding, and his -daughter Lucia, and conjointly her husband, Ivo, founded the -Priory of Spalding. But Ivo, by his acquisitions, became so -great a tyrant, to all connected with him, that he was eventually -outlawed by King Rufus, and banished the kingdom. He fled -to Anjou. After a time he was allowed to return to his -wife, the Lady Lucia, who was holding her court at Spalding; but, -to her great relief, he shortly afterwards died of paralysis, -and, writes the chronicler, Peter de Blois, “hardly had one -month elapsed after his death, when she married that illustrious -young man, Roger de Romara, and lost all recollection of Ivo -Taillebois.” Their son, William, was created first -Earl of Lincoln, and, following the example of his mother at -Spalding, he gave certain lands to the monks of Riveaux, Co. -York, to found a Cistercian Abbey, the lands aforesaid being all -Revesby, Thoresby and Sithesby, and, as certain portions of -Revesby were held by another lord, he effected an exchange, by -giving land commensurate in Miningsby, and by a similar process -of exchange, secured other further portions, so as to bring the -abbey estates into what would now be termed “a ring -fence.” We have not space to go to any extent into -the history of the abbey. The original charter describes -the property as “totam terram de Revesbiâ, et -Thoresbiâ, et Schichthesbiâ.” Of the two -<a name="page160"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -160</span>churches, one, that of Thoresby, was at the time held -by a priest named Ivo, in exchange for which the Earl William, -gave him the church of East Kirkby, and appurtenances. This -church probably stood on a site of the present church of St. -Lawrence, at Revesby. (Howlett’s -“Lincolnshire,” Allan’s “Hist. -Linc.”) The other church, of St. Sythe, was doubtless -in the southern part of the present park, which has retained the -name of Sithesby, or St. Scythe’s until recent times. -The abbey itself was to the south-east of the present church, at -some quarter-of-a-mile distance, and of considerable dimensions, -covering some acres of ground. From a lecture, given by the -late Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, we gather that the abbey -church, built of Ancaster stone, was at least 240ft. long, and -over 60ft. wide, with many graceful pillars supporting its -roof. The choir was of unusual form, extending some -distance down the nave. Beyond it, discovered in making -excavations in 1869, 70, was the tomb of the founder, having this -inscription: <span class="GutSmall">HIC JACET IN TUMBA -WIELLIELMUS DE ROMARE</span>, <span class="GutSmall">COMES -LINCOLNIÆ</span>, <span class="GutSmall">FUNDATOR ISTIUS -MONASTERII SANCTI LAURENTII DE REIVISBYE</span>. <a -name="citation160"></a><a href="#footnote160" -class="citation">[160]</a> Near this were tombstones -inscribed to William de Romara, son of William, Earl of Lincoln, -who died before his father, and of William de Romara, son of -Lucia, Countess of Lincoln. Three bodies were discovered -and re-buried a short distance from this spot, being doubtless -those of the founder and his two sons. In his later years, -William de Romara himself became a monk, and requested to be -buried “before the high aulter;” and the site is now -marked by a granite stone, placed here in 1890, by the late Right -Honourable Edward Stanhope. The Abbey field, approached by -a broad causeway, on the north side, more than 250 yards long, -has traces of four mounds, at different points, probably for -outlook and defence. One <a name="page161"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 161</span>of these, stands in an enclosure to -the west, called Saffron Garth, doubtless the favourite resort of -the monks, who were skilled gardeners; an enclosure on the other, -north side, of the road, opposite this “garth,” is -called “Paradise,” supposed to have been the -orchard. Fish ponds, to supply the monks with their ascetic -diet, are to be traced in various parts around. At Medlam, -to the south-east, are the remains of a chapel or oratory. -The abbot’s private residence stood in the present park, -and some of the outbuildings of his establishment remained until -recent years, near the later mansion of the proprietors of -Revesby.</p> -<p>We will now give a few peculiar extracts from some of the -deeds connected with the abbey. Most of these, until late -years, were in the possession of the Marquis of Exeter, at -Burghley House, Stamford, whose ancestors, as will be shewn -hereafter, once held the property, and in 1881 they were -presented to the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, by his lordship.</p> -<p>In celebration of the foundation of the Abbey, William de -Romara “manumitted,” or released from serfdom, any of -his villeins and dependants who would accept their freedom, -“to go where they chose, and, if they remained on the -estate, to give them land instead.” Among those who -accepted freedom, were William Medicus, or the Doctor, and Roger -Barkarius, a name still known in the neighbourhood. <a -name="citation161"></a><a href="#footnote161" -class="citation">[161]</a> The witnesses to the deed of -liberty were Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, William Archdeacon, -William Chancellor, and others.</p> -<p>By deed No. 8, William gives land in Stickney, and services -due to him, from Alan of Stickney and his successors, to which -Alan agrees; the money to be spent on wine for the -“Masses” of the Abbey services.</p> -<p>To one deed (No. 20), for conveyance of pasturage for 20 -cattle, 20 pigs, and 100 sheep, the witness is Thorold, Dean of -Horncastle, a scion, doubtless, of the family of the Lady -Lucia. He is further designated as “Magister -Willelmus Novi Operis,” <i>i.e.</i> of Newark.</p> -<p><a name="page162"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 162</span>By -deed 24, Matilda daughter of Roger de Huditoft (Huttoft) widow of -William of Stickney gives half a bovate of land in Stickney -“in the time of my widowhood” <i>i.e.</i>, when the -property became at her own disposal. The witnesses are two -women, Christiana, wife of Henry de Claxby, and Eda, wife of -Richard, priest of Mareham; not, therefore, a celibate.</p> -<p>By deed 27, Alan Smerehorn of Kirkby (East) gives a sedes -molendini, <i>i.e.</i> a water mill and premises, with right to -draw water through his land from Bolingbroke and Kirkby.</p> -<p>By deed 30, Hamelinus de Jherdeburcg (Jerburg) gives land in -Stickney, “quam tenui de hospitalibus de Jerusalem in -terretorio de Stickenei” <i>i.e.</i> which he had held of -the monks of the Hospice of Jerusalem in Stickney, there having -been a minor religious house there; of which Robert Picha is -named as Preceptor in another Deed (25), temp. Henry II.</p> -<p>By a charter of Richard I. (Dugdale V. 456) the abbots are -confirmed in the possession of lands in Toynton, the grange of -Toft (still existing) Fulsby, lands in Miningsby, Kirkby, Claxby, -Mareham, Tumby, Hameringham, Wood Enderby, Skegness, and many -other parishes.</p> -<p>By deed No. 41, William, son of Roger de Bikinghesbi gives -land in Miningsby for gate alms, <i>i.e.</i> to relieve beggars -at the Abbey-gate, the monks being the great, and almost only, -friends of the suffering and needy.</p> -<p>By deed No. 50, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, gives to the Abbey -“his servant Roger, son of Thoreword of Sibsey, with all -his property and chattells.” Here the man himself is -treated as part and parcel with the chattells.</p> -<p>By deed 69, Gaufrid of Kirkby gives certain lands “ad -chorum ecclesiæ aspergendum et decorandum,” -<i>i.e.</i> for washing and decorating the choir.</p> -<p>Deed 75 conveys to the Abbey another servant, Radulph, son of -Gamel the Palmer, with goods and chattells. The father here -mentioned had evidently made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.</p> -<p>Deed 78 gives to the Abbey “the homage of Gaufrid Le -Neucume of Stickney and all his service.” Here, -(temp. Henry III.) is one of the family of Newcome, or Newcomen, -who, centuries later, became connected by marriage with <a -name="page163"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 163</span>the Banks -family, in the person of the grandfather of Sir Joseph Banks.</p> -<p>By No. 108, Hugo de Lindsey gives one selion of land to -maintain one candle burning before the altar of the blessed -Virgin in the Chapel of St. Lawrence, (temp. Henry III. or Ed. -I.)</p> -<p>By No. 115, William of Stickney gives land for the maintenance -of candles to be kept burning in the Abbey church, one before the -altar of the blessed Virgin, in honour of St. Margaret, and the -other at the altar of St. Nicholas, in honour of St. James the -Apostle.</p> -<p>By No. 141, the Abbot leases land in Wilksby (<span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1344) to John Hardegray, who is to -pay “unum granum piperis” (pepper corn rent), -annually at Christmas.</p> -<p>By No. 144, the Abbot and Convent grant to Richard Cave of -Stickney certain land on payment of 8 silver pence -annually. (2 Hen. V. Jan. 25, 1415.)</p> -<p>Then follows finally at the Dissolution, deed No. 150A, by -which John, Abbot of Revesby, and the convent, grant (Nolentes -Volentes) to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, and his heirs, and -assigns, the office of chief steward of the manors, lands, etc., -of the Abbey, with an annuity of £26 3<i>s.</i> -8<i>d.</i> (Harleyan Charter, 44, Brit. Mus.)</p> -<p>This was the beginning of the end. The monks, who, with -all their faults, had preserved for us our Bibles, had been the -great patrons of learning, the friends of the poor, the teachers -of agriculture, who had maintained our bridges and our roads, -were forced to accept pittances smaller than those they had, on a -generous scale, dealt out to thousands of others. To -Charles, Duke of Suffolk, were granted the Abbey estates in -1539. He died in 1545, and was buried at Windsor. His -two sons both died in one day, July 16th, 1551, at the Bishop of -Lincoln’s house at Buckden. The Dukedom descended to -the Marquis of Dorset, who had married the half-sister of -Charles. The estates were divided, in 1552, among the -descendants of Sir William Brandon. They were Sir Henry -Sidney, Knight; Thomas Glemham, Esq.; John Carsey, Esq.; and -Francis his son by Margaret his wife, sister to Charles Brandon; -Christian Darnell, widow; Walter Ayscoughe, Esq.; and Henry -Ayscoughe his son by Elizabeth his wife; and John Tyre, -gentleman, and Elizabeth his wife.</p> -<p><a name="page164"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 164</span>John -Carsey (also spelt Kersey) had the Revesby estate, Wilksby and -Wood Enderby, and resided at Revesby. His son Francis -probably resided at South Ormsby, and in 1575, the father and son -jointly sold the estate to Thomas Cecil, Lord Treasurer -Burleigh. The property then descended, through the 1st and -2nd Earls of Exeter, and Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Howard, Earl -of Berkshire, to Henry Howard. He dying without male issue, -was succeeded by his nephew, Craven Howard, in 1663. Craven -Howard built a mansion here. But the entire property was -sold in 1714 to the Banks family for £14,000, by his -representatives the daughters of Henry Howard. <a -name="citation164"></a><a href="#footnote164" -class="citation">[164]</a> The last of the Banks family was -Sir Joseph Banks, well known for his enclosure of the Fens and -other works of public utility in the county, his patronage of -science in every form, and his voyages of discovery. He -died in 1820, and, by his will, most of the estates were -bequeathed to Col. the Honble. James Hamilton Stanhope, who -served in the Peninsular War, and at Waterloo, other portions -being left to Sir Henry Hawley and his heirs, “with -remainder to Sir Edward Knatchbull” (who managed the -estates for his widow, Lady Banks). (Weir’s -“Hist. Linc.” vol. i., p. 414, Ed., 1828; -“Saunders’ Hist.” vol. ii., p. 113). He -held them for a very short period, and was succeeded by J. Banks -Stanhope, Esq., formerly M.P. for N. Lincolnshire (in 1823), who, -some years ago, surrendered the estates to his cousin and adopted -heir, the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, 2nd son of the 5th Earl -Stanhope; and late M.P. for Horncastle Division.</p> -<p>Mr. Banks Stanhope greatly improved, and, indeed, may be said -to have rebuilt the mansion of Revesby, from designs by the -architect Burns, which now stands in beautiful grounds, and an -extensive park, near the site of the former residence of the -abbots. Vast sums have also been spent by him on the -improvement of the estate; the rebuilding of farmhouses and -cottages, so as to make the village a model one in every -way. The Abbey, which is constructed throughout of Ancaster -stone, and in the style of James I., is the repository of objects -of art, of natural <a name="page165"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -165</span>history, and of antiquarian interest, collected by Sir -Joseph Banks, J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., and more recently by the -Right Honble. E. Stanhope, sufficient to form a museum.</p> -<p>A subject of interest which has not yet been noticed is two -tumuli, or barrows, in the parish, on the left hand, close to the -road, and not many yards south of the Red Lion Inn. They -were considered by the antiquarian Stukeley (“Itin -Curios,” p. 23) to have been the burial place of two -British kings, and probably also connected with the religious -services of the Druids. They stand in an enclosure, the -breadth of which, he says, “is 100 Celtic feet, and the -length 300.”</p> -<p>In 1780 the northernmost of these barrows—there were -formerly three—was explored by Sir Joseph Banks, but -nothing was found of any interest beyond indications that it had -been examined before, and since that time it has been -levelled. He thought, however, that it had been the site of -religious sacrifices. In August, 1892, explorations were -carried out under the eye of the late Right Honble. E. -Stanhope. Here again there were indications of former -examination, not however to any great depth, and when the centre -of the mound was reached a kind of sarcophagus, made of puddled -clay, was found, from 5ft. to 6ft. in length, lying north and -south, the sides 7in. or 8in. thick, and having an arch rising to -a height of 2½ft.; the bottom, slightly concave, rested on -the original soil, within this was black earth quite different in -colour to the rest, which was believed to be human remains. -No bones, however, were found. Broken pieces of pottery and -two old nails, were found outside this receptacle, which were -pronounced by Sir A. W. Franks, of the British Museum, to be -mediæval, and to have probably been introduced by previous -explorers. (Account by E.S., “Linc. N. & -Q.,” vol. iii., pp. 145–7.)</p> -<p>We have little more to say of the past history of -Revesby. When the Spanish Armada was expected to invade our -shores in 1589, one of those Lincolnshire gentry who subscribed -£25, a large sum in those days, towards the defence of the -country, was Nicholas Saunderson of Rearsby, or Revesby; he also, -at the muster at Horncastle in 1586, furnished “1 light -horse”; John May of Mareham doing the same -(“Architect. S. Journal,” 1894, p. 214.)</p> -<p><a name="page166"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 166</span>Among -the old observances of Revesby was the annual fair, an occasion -of much jovial festivity, and in the days of Sir Joseph Banks, -that fine old English gentleman, the Sir Roger de Coverley of his -day, encouraged such old time customs, providing ale most -generously for all comers, and driving down to the village green, -where the booths were arranged, with his party in two or three -coaches. Morrice dancing and the mummers play always had -his patronage. In these days of “<i>autres temps</i>, -<i>autres mœurs</i>,” all these have gone out of -vogue. Whether the modern, <i>soi disant</i>, more refined -practices at village feasts are an improvement on the old is a -question we leave others to decide.</p> -<p>Revesby church, dedicated to St. Lawrence, was formerly a -small structure, rebuilt in 1735, partly with materials taken -from the former Abbey, by Joseph Banks, Esq. (great grandfather -of the Right Honble. Sir Joseph Banks), who purchased the -property from the Honble. Henry Howard, 3rd son of the Earl of -Berkshire, in 1714. The benefice then, as now, was a -chaplaincy to the owners of the Revesby Abbey estate. <a -name="citation166"></a><a href="#footnote166" -class="citation">[166]</a> That church contained among its -chief features a memorial tablet at the east end of the chancel -to Nehemiah Rawson, Esq., who died in 1657, a name still common -in the neighbourhood; another to the above-named Honble. Henry -Howard, who died in 1663; and on the north side of the chancel -was a large marble monument, surmounted by a bust, and an -inscription in Latin to Joseph Banks, Esq., who died 1727. -After renovation at various periods this old fabric was removed, -and, on the same site, the present handsome church, a fine -specimen of the 14th century, flamboyant style, was erected at -the joint expense of J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., and the late Right -Honourable Edward Stanhope, M.P., lord of the manor in -1890–2. The church consists of <a -name="page167"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 167</span>western -tower, surmounted by a lofty spire; nave, with north aisle and -south porch; and chancel, with organ chamber and vestry on the -north side; the whole forming an elegant structure, reminding -one, though on a smaller scale, of the famous marble church of -Bodelwyddan in North Wales. It is built generally of -Ancaster stone, the walls inside being lined with red Hollington -sandstone. Mr. Hodgson Fowler was the architect, and in -several details of the building he reproduced features borrowed -from the original Abbey.</p> -<p>The following is a detailed description of the -church:—In the south wall of the interior of the tower, in -a recess, are various carved and other fragments of stone, and -near them the capitals and bases of some small Norman columns; -and on the north wall is a fragment of a canopied niche; all -these being carefully preserved remnants of the original Abbey -church.</p> -<p>In the centre is a small Norman font with plain bowl, -supported on a shaft of 8 clustered columns, resting on a square -base. In the tower above is a peal of 8 carillon bells of -good tone, embracing the octave. The north aisle has 4 -lofty bays. In the north wall are four two-light windows -with trefoil and other tracery above. Against the west wall -of this aisle is a massive marble monument surmounted by a bust, -probably the old monument renewed, bearing in English the -inscription, “In memory of Joseph Banks, M.P. for Grimsby -and Totnes, born 1681, died 1727, married Mary Hancock, and had -issue Joseph, and Mary, Lady Whichcote, died 1726”; to the -left, “Joseph Banks II., born 1695, died 1741, married, -1st, Annie Hodgkinson, and had issue, &c.; Eleonora (the -youngest) born 1723, died 1793, married the Honble. Henry -Grenville, and was mother of Louisa, Countess Stanhope; married, -2ndly, Catherine widow of Newcomen Wallis.” Right -inscription, “William Banks, born 1719, died 1761, married -Sarah Bate, and left issue, (1) Joseph, afterwards Sir Joseph -Banks, (2) Sarah Sophia, born 1744, died 1818.”</p> -<p>The south nave wall next to the porch eastward has two -two-light windows similar to those in the north wall, and next to -the chancel wall a large three-light window, flamboyant above, of -coloured glass—the subjects being St. James, St. Peter, and -St. John, bearing the inscription <a name="page168"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 168</span>below, “Presented by the -tenants of the Revesby estate as a token of esteem for James -Banks Stanhope, Esquire, of Revesby Abbey, 1892.” The -pulpit is of carved modern oak, being Flemish work, the subjects -scriptural, resting on a stone base; the sittings throughout are -of oak with carved panels at the ends. There is a good -brass lectern, and oak fald-stool. The choir stalls in the -chancel are of massive carved oak with good poppy heads. -The panels of the sedilia are from the Abbot’s house; the -encaustic tiles are copies of the originals, the remains of which -are preserved in the bell chamber of the tower. The east -window is of five lights with rich flamboyant tracery -above. It is filled with coloured glass by Messrs. Heaton, -Butler and Bayne, and erected by public subscription in memory of -the late Right Honourable Edward Stanhope. The subjects are -two rows of figures; in the lower row, in the two lights on the -north side, are St. Edward and St. Matthew, then St. Boniface and -St. Wilfred; in the central compartment, three figures, St. -George, St. Martin, and St. Alban; then, to the south, St. Hugh -and St. Jerome, in one light, St. Thomas and St. Lawrence in the -other outside light. In the upper row, the central figure -is the Saviour, crowned, His right hand uplifted in blessing, His -left holding a sceptre; in the two compartments, on either side, -are angels with harps, viols, &c. In the tracery above -are heads of angels, and above all, the Angus Dei. The -reredos is of plush velvet. A jewelled cross stands on the -super-altar. The communion table is covered with a rich -altar cloth of velvet and lace. To the north and south of -the table, the walls are panelled with oak, to the height of the -east window, with devices representing the ivy, olive, rose, -gourd, pomegranate, vine, and fig; the fruit being inlaid mother -of pearl, given by the Honble. Mrs. Stanhope. There is a -brass tablet in the north wall, giving an account of the east -window. In the south wall is a plain two-light trefoiled -window, and a long stone seat below. The organ has handsome -coloured pipes, and has in front a richly-carved oak -screen. At the main entrance to the churchyard is a lich -gate, “erected by friends and tenants, in loving memory of -the Right Honourable Edward Stanhope.” In the -churchyard, beneath the east window, is the Stanhope grave, -framed in white marble, with a recumbent cross of the same -material <a name="page169"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -169</span>within it. Beneath that spotless emblem of our -faith, lies all that was mortal of a noble being, a man -“sans peur et sans reproche,” singularly gifted, of -varied tastes, wide sympathies, generous instincts, of -indefatigable industry as a statesman in the service of his Queen -and country, and we may add without presumption, a sincere -Christian, of strong convictions. Edward Stanhope, died, 22 -December, 1893, admired by his opponents almost as much as he was -beloved by his friends, and of him, we may truly say that his -gain was our loss. Opposite the village green are -alms-houses, for five poor men and five poor women, founded by -Joseph Banks, Esq., in 1727, who endowed them with an annual rent -charge of £50. Revesby is emphatically a model -village, the residences of the tenants and their labourers, being -alike maintained in the best order.</p> -<p>The parsonage, a good residence, erected by J. Banks Stanhope, -Esq., stands in pretty grounds and is now adorned, internally, -with much carved oak furniture, cabinets, overmantel, &c., -&c., and with a display of numerous silver cups, trophies won -in various competitions, by the Rev. P. O. Ashby, the active and -energetic chaplain.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Salmonby</span>.</h3> -<p>Salmonby is distant from Horncastle about five miles, in an -easterly direction, on the road to Tetford, which it -adjoins. The register dates from 1558, and contains some -curious entries. One is as follows:—“Helena -More, centesimo decimo ætatis anno, et undecimo die mensis -Junii, Anno Dom. 1638 fato succubuit, et die duo decimo dicti -mensis sepulta est 1638,” <i>i.e.</i>, Helena More -succumbed to her fate in the 110th year of her age, and on the -11th day of the month of June, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1638, and was buried on the 12th day of the said month, 1638.</p> -<p>In the month of March, 1723, there were six burials within -nine days, three members of the same family; no cause for the -mortality being mentioned. In the following year (1724), -there were ten burials, among them being four of the name of -Wait, three Ansels, and two Bartholomews.</p> -<p><a name="page170"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 170</span>The -rector from 1710 to 1741, Rev. Henry Marshall, was also rector of -Fulletby, and vicar of Orby, and he was succeeded by his son in -the rectory of Salmonby, who also held the benefice of Ashby -Puerorum.</p> -<p>There are some rather peculiar field names in this parish, two -Wongs, far and near, a relic of Saxon nomenclature; also -Skerrills and Skerrills Holt, Bramfleets, Haverlins (Haver=oats), -Dry-sykes, Rotten Fen, Wallow Farm, and Wallow Camp, and The -Mires, the last four, doubtless derived from the character of the -localities. From a part of this boggy land in the north of -the parish, rises a spring of chalibeate water, said to resemble -the properties of the Tunbridge Wells; a pulverulent blue -phosphate of iron, and an earthy oxide of iron. We do not -know much of the early history of Salmondby, the village of some -Saxon thane of the name of Salmond. The manor was -apparently the property of the Saxon Earl, Harold, but William -the Conqueror gave it to his nephew, Hugh de Abrincis, or -Avranches, surnamed “Lupus,” or the Wolf, from his -many deeds of violence, and it was held as part of the soke of -the more important manor, or honour, of Greetham. In an -ancient charter, found among the “Final Concords” (p. -359), it is stated that Geoffrey de Benigworth, grants to Avice, -wife of William de Benigworth, his manors of Walmersty, -Friskeney, Salmundesby, and Skreythesfeld (Scrafield), and all -appurtenances, saving the advowson of the church of Salmundesby, -which remains to Geoffrey and his heirs, and we have here an -example of how the common labourers were regarded as little -better than “goods and chattels.” Since, -herewith he grants all the villeins holding the -“villeinages,” or cottages, and “all their -sequels,” <i>i.e.</i>, their progeny, “to have and to -hold to the said Avice all her life,” and after her -decease, the manors and services were to revert to the said -Geoffrey and his heirs for ever.</p> -<p>By will, dated 2 July, 1582 (“Lincolnshire Wills,” -1500, 1600, p. 105, No. 285), Margaret Littlebury, late wife of -Thomas Littlebury, Esq., of Stainsby, in the parish of Ashby -Puerorum, leaves money to the poor of Salmonby, Greetham, and -other places. This Margaret was the daughter of John St. -Paul, of Snarford, who, like the Dymokes, the Dightons, -Maddisons, Massingberds, and many other leading county families, -were mixed up in the <a name="page171"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 171</span>Lincolnshire Rebellion of -1536. The Littleburies were seated at Hagg and Somersby, as -well as at Stainsby, but they seem to have resided originally at -Holbeach Hurn. Sir Humphrey Littlebury, Lord of Littlebury, -was born, 1346. He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress -of Sir John Kirton, knight, Lord of Kirton, and there is a fine -altar tomb of them both, in Holbeach church. His will was -dated, Dec. 1, 1330. But there was a Sir Ralph Littlebury, -knight, a juror at Holbeche, in <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1293.</p> -<p>There would seem at one time to have been a substantial -manorial residence at Salmonby, for by will, dated 23 January, -1614, Edward King, of Ashby-de-la-Laund, devises “to my -sonne, John Kinge, my manor house, of Salmondbie, <i>alias</i> -Salmonbie, with all appurtenances,” also certain -“closes,” among them being the “Rush Close, -Warlowe close, the Conie Hill, Huntepitts, Sheepe Walks, The -Lings, <i>alias</i> Gallows Hill, Rotten Fen, &c., which -manor and lands were late in the tenure of Richard -Caterton.” He adds a codicil, dated “9 day of -June, 1617,” bequeathing to his said sonne, John Kinge, -various cottages, with his “commons of Key-gaite, and -Sheepe-gait acre, and sheepe pasture in other places in -Salmonbie. Lastlie, I bequeath to my right worthie and -faithful friende, Sir John Meres, knight, a ring of gold of the -value of xl<i>s.</i>, to be inamiled on the outside, and within -to be ingraven these words, Donum Fidelis Amici.” -This testator built the hall at Ashby-de-la-Laund in 1595. -The Kings took the side of the Parliament, and Colonel Edward -King distinguished himself. The last male heir, the Rev. -John King, died without issue, a few years ago. The manor -took its name from the two families, Essheby and De la Laund, who -held it till the reign of Henry VI. It has belonged to the -Kings since the reign of Henry VIII., but has now passed to -Colonel Neville H. Reeve.</p> -<p>A former rector of Salmonby, Phyllip Robert, clerk, by will, -dated 26 July, 1617, but not written in a clerkly style, desired -“to be buried in the queare” (choir) of the -church.</p> -<p>By a Chancery Inquisition (18 Henry VII., No. 46), it was -found that Hamon Sutton, held the manor of Salmonby, with -Maydenwell and others, and also the advowson of Salmonby, holding -them of the Lord the King, as of his Duchy of Lancaster, and in -the time of <a name="page172"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -172</span>Queen Elizabeth, Anthony Thorold, knight, is named in -certain documents still in the British Museum, as being lord of -the manor at that time. (“Collectanea” G. -Holles, vol., iii., p. 770.)</p> -<p>In 1415, John Kyghly, of Salmonby, a feoffe of Sir William -Cromwell, knight, presented to the chantry in Driby church, -because he, Sir William, was “out of the -realm.” It is probable that he was with Henry V. at -the battle of Agincourt, October 25, 1415. -(“Architectural Society’s Journal,” 1895, p. -124).</p> -<p>Among the Revesby charters is a deed of Symon, son of Gilbert -of Halton, and his wife Sarah, by which they jointly give to the -Abbey of Revesby, all “their lands in Salmonby and in -Scraydesfield (Scrafield), and in Stickney, and all their claims -on the goods of Gilbert of Benniworth. Witnesses, Gilbert -Cusin, seneschal of the house of the Earl Chester, and -others.” Date, temp. Hen. III.</p> -<p>The patronage of the benefice of Salmonby was at one time -attached to the crown, probably as an appurtenance of the honour -of Greetham and Duchy of Lancaster, but it has now passed into -private hands. In 1779, Henry Marshall, clerk, already -referred to, was patron and incumbent. Prior to 1840, W. -Bowerbank held the patronage and rectory. He was succeeded -by the late Rev. Henry Fielding, formerly Canon of Manchester, -next followed Rev. R. F. Ward, then for a brief period, Rev. F. -Cooper, and it is now held by the Rev. John Booth, who is also -patron. It has the unique distinction of having once been -held in commendam by William Patten, commonly known later as -William Waynflete, from his birth place, Wainfleet, in -Lincolnshire; that most munificent divine, Provost of Eton, -Bishop of Winchester, Lord Chancellor, Founder of Magdalen -College, Oxford, and of a free school at his native place.</p> -<p>The church, dedicated to St. Margaret, was until recent years, -an ivy-mantled structure, of the period Edwd. III. but it was -restored in 1871, during the incumbency of the Rev. R. Fawssett -Ward, at a cost of about £600, who also enlarged the -rectory, and it now forms an interesting, well-kept and complete -church, in the Perpendicular style. It comprises nave, -chancel, south porch, and small spire, which contains one bell, -and stands at the N.E. corner of the chancel. The east -window was given by the late <a name="page173"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 173</span>Henry James Fielding, Esq., eldest -son of the former rector, in memory of his father and -mother. It has five lights, with numerous compartments -above, and is filled with good coloured glass, the subjects -being, the Crucifixion above, and the Last Supper below, the -design adapted from a window in the Refectory at Milan. -There is a piscina in the south wall of the chancel. The -south wall has also one three-light, and one two-light window in -the Perpendicular style. The nave has, in the south wall, -one three-light, and one two-light window, and the porch door; -and in the north wall, one three-light window. The west -window again, of three lights, has good stained glass, in memory -of the Rev. Matthewman Manduel, for more than fifty years curate -or rector of Tetford; the subject is, Christ Blessing Little -Children. The tracery of all these windows is good. -There is an organ, by Nicholson, of Lincoln, with nine stops, and -handsome coloured pipes in front, the gift of the Rev. F. -Cooper. The chancel sedilia and choir stalls are of good -carved modern oak, by Messrs. Walter & Hensman, of -Horncastle. The nave is fitted with open benches, which, -with the roof, are of pitch pine. The font is modern, -octagonal, with shields and roses floriated on alternate faces of -the bowl, supported by an octagonal shaft and pediment. -There is a graceful ogee arch as the priest’s entrance to -the vestry. There was formerly in the nave of the church a -brass of a civilian of the 15th century, much defaced, but it -some years ago disappeared; it is mentioned among the list of -sepulchral brasses supplied to the Archæological Institute -on their visit to Lincoln in 1848, so that it still existed at -that date. (“Journ. Archæol. Institute,” -1848, p. lii, etc.)</p> -<p>The lady of the manor is now Mrs. Nesbitt Hamilton Ogilvy, as -representing the late Right Honble. Robert Adam Christopher -Nesbitt Hamilton, a staunch Protectionist, who was one of the -eight members of Parliament who voted to the last against the -abolition of the corn laws. Some of the land belongs to F. -S. Dymoke, Esq., and other smaller owners.</p> -<p>An interesting family heirloom preserved at the rectory, is a -massive silver urn-shaped cup, 13 inches high, which was -presented to Major Robert Booth, great uncle of the present -Rector, by the officers and privates of the Wainfleet Infantry -Volunteers, comprising three companies, <a -name="page174"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 174</span>which were -raised at the time, when the first Napoleon was expected to -invade this country in 1808, and of which he was Major Commandant -(Oldfield’s “History of Waynfleet” 1829).</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Scamblesby</span>.</h3> -<p>This rather straggling village is pleasantly situated about 6 -miles north-east of Horncastle, in a basin of the Wolds, between -the steep hill on the west, by which it is approached from -Horncastle and West Ashby, by the old turnpike road to Louth, and -the still steeper hill of Cawkwell, a mile further to the east, -Louth-ward. In the centre of this basin, which is watered -by a small tributary of the river Bain, rising near at hand, is -an almost circular prominence, like the boss of a shield, on -which fitly stands the church, above all the other human -erections. Only a few years ago, this was a very poor -structure of brick, although recent explorations have shewn that -there formerly existed a fair-sized edifice, with nave, aisles, -and chancel, fragments of which were built into the later brick -structure. This earlier church is said to have been -demolished about the middle of the 18th century. An -inscription in the west wall of the present fabric records that -“The nave of this church was taken down, and rebuilt, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1893: Alfred Soden, Vicar; C. B. -Robson, J. R. Bourne, Churchwardens.” The chancel had -been rebuilt in the previous incumbency of the Rev. T. White, by -the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, at a cost of £400, in -1890–1. In the reconstruction, stone was utilized -from the small church of Cawkwell, the adjoining parish, which -had been disused and in a state of decay for some years, and was -not needed for the very small population of that parish, which is -now, for ecclesiastical purposes, annexed to Scamblesby. -The present erection of stone has a south door, with porch, and a -priest’s door in the south wall of the chancel. The -nave has north and south aisles, of three bays; the easternmost -column in the south arcade is the original Norman, the rest being -modern, in similar style. In the north wall are three -lancet windows, the central one having two lights, the eastern -and western one light, and in the south wall <a -name="page175"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 175</span>there are -two similar windows, one with two lights, the other with -one. The west end has two lancet windows, each with a -single light, and above them an ox-eye window, with smaller -lancets on either side of it. In the eastern wall of the -nave, on either side of the chancel arch, is a narrow lancet -window. In the chancel, the east window has two lights, -with quatrefoil above, two square-headed windows in the south -wall, and one in the north. The present font is modern, and -plain; the curious, massive, circular bowl of the old font, about -2ft. 8in. in diameter, in height more than 2ft., and with depth -of interior 1ft., large enough for immersion, stands outside the -porch. The seats of the nave are modern, of deal, but they -have very good old oak carved poppy-heads. The pulpit, of -oak, was presented as a memorial of the late Vicar, the Rev. T. -White, by his pupils; he having been formerly second master of -the Horncastle Grammar School; it already, however, shows signs -of decay. The chancel sedilia, of deal, were given by the -Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The communion table, of oak, -which is raised on two steps, was the gift of the present -Vicar. In the north wall of the chancel is a tablet, -commemorating, in Latin, and in quaint English verse, Margaret, -the daughter of Henry Coppinger, of a distinguished family in -Kent, and wife of “Franciscus Thorndike,” a lady, -“imbued with a liberal piety from early years, who -religiously fulfilled her conjugal duties, and who, suffering -severely herself, also bore, as became a Christian, the loss of -three children, and then, with one only surviving, herself -yielded willingly to the call of God. Erected to a most -beloved wife, by the most sorrowing of husbands.” No -date is given, but it has been found from the Herald’s -College, that she was buried at Scamblesby, Dec. 30, 1629. -(“Linc. N. & Q.” iv., pp. 208–9). -Another member of this family, the brother of Francis, was the -Rev. Herbert Thorndyke, an eminent divine and worthy of -Lincolnshire, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, collated -prebendary of “Layton Ecclesia” in the cathedral of -Lincoln, by Bishop, afterwards Archbishop, Williams (in which -dignity he succeeded the well-known George Herbert), and later, -made a Prebendary of Westminster. He, by his will, dated -July, 3rd, 1672, bequeathed his estates in this parish to the -Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, for the endowment <a -name="page176"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 176</span>of the -benefice, which, like that of the adjoining Cawkwell, was a very -poor one. Thorndyke’s works form the 6th volume of -the Anglo-Catholic Library. That the family was one of good -position, is shewn by the fact of the name of Francis Thorndyke -appearing in the list of the Gentry of Lincolnshire, in 1634, as -“of Scamblesby,” also that of “Herbert -Thorndyke, of Greenfield.”</p> -<p>The church is dedicated to St. Martin. Among the church -plate is a communion cup, bearing the inscription -“Communion Cup, 1712,” the Cawkwell cup is also old, -but not dated. The register of Scamblesby dates from 1569, -that of Cawkwell from 1685, but they contain no entries of -special interest. This was one of the many possessions of -the Norman, Ivo Taillebois, nephew of William the Conqueror, and -chief of the Angevin auxiliaries, who came over with the -Conqueror. After the death of the brave young Anglo-Saxon -nobles, Edwin and Morcar, the sons of Alfgar, and brothers-in-law -of King Harold, who refused to submit to the Norman yoke, their -sister, the Lady Lucia, was the last of that royal line, and, -being an unprotected female, William the Conqueror bestowed her -in marriage with all her many possessions, on Ivo. He -received with her, lands in Goulceby, Cawkwell, Asterby, and -other places, too many to enumerate. He was a man of -violent and tyrannous temperament, eventually, in the next reign, -being outlawed as an enemy of King Rufus. He was -subsequently allowed to return to this country, but not long -afterwards died of paralysis. According to accounts, more -or less authentic, the Lady, with a haste which was hardly -decent—though under the circumstances perhaps not -surprising—barely allowed one month to elapse (says the -chronicler, Peter de Blois), “when she married that -illustrious young man, Roger de Romara, son of Gerald de -Romara,” who had been seneschal or steward to William of -Normandy, before the Conquest; two other sons, Ralph and Edward, -subsequently being founders, the former, of the Tankervilles, and -the latter, of the Earls of Salisbury. By this marriage, -the large possessions of the Lady Lucia, passed to the -Romaras. Lucia herself had been a great benefactress to the -priory of Spalding, which had been founded by her uncle, -Vice-Comes, or Sheriff, Thorold of Buchenale. Among other -gifts she conveys to the monks of Spalding “one watermill -(a valuable property in those days), and all her tithes in <a -name="page177"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -177</span>Scamblesby,” with much more in the -neighbourhood. (“Charters of Spalding Priory,” -British Museum, D. n. 5). William de Romara, her son by her -husband Roger, in due course, following suit, founded the Abbey -of Revesby. In a later generation, the heiress of this -family, married Gilbert de Gaunt, who thus succeeded to the large -property, but it is probable that, on the occasions of each of -these changes, some of the demesnes were diverted in different -directions, and the changes were not few, as the Gaunts were -succeeded by the Blondvilles, they by the Lacys, and they again -by John of Gaunt, Earl of Richmond, 4th son of Edwd. III. whose -son was King Henry IV., of Bolingbroke. How long Scamblesby -remained a part of this heritage we are not able to say, but it -may be observed that in this varied line of descent (as indeed in -many others), there were various causes for the alienation, or -disintegration of large demesnes. The Sovereign’s -power was absolute and most arbitrarily exercised, unless, as was -sometimes the case, the subject’s power was greater. -The owners of large estates, and especially heiresses, were an -object of peculiar interest to Sovereigns, who by reason of war, -or their own extravagance, were not seldom more impecunious than -their powerful subjects. The actions of the latter were -carefully scanned, in order, if possible, that the Sovereign -might find an excuse for confiscation, partial or entire, of the -offender’s property, and so replenish the royal -coffers. In the case of male proprietors, they could only -obtain coveted privileges, or even exercise their own undoubted -rights, on the payment of a very heavy fine. The times were -turbulent, rebellion was not uncommon, and a large landowner -sometimes found that he had espoused the unsuccessful cause, -whereupon he naturally incurred the penalty. In the case of -an heiress, a marriage contracted without the King’s -license, was made sufficient ground for the royal displeasure, -and a heavy fine or deprivation was the result. Some, or -all of these causes were at work with different members of this -particular line. In the case of the attainder of Thomas, -Earl of Lancaster, even his divorced wife, Alicia, became subject -to a penalty of £20,000, a very large sum in those days, -when pence were almost equivalent to our pounds. In this, -and other ways, the once vast possessions of the Thorolds, in -this part of the county, passed into other hands; although they -are <a name="page178"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -178</span>still one of the leading families on the other side of -it. Other families here came to the fore. On the -dissolution of the monasteries, any property which had been -granted by benefactors to those institutions, would pass, by -grant of the sovereign, to others, unless he retained it -himself. As we pass the small stream in Scamblesby, over -which a child could now leap, we may recognise it as a power that -once turned the mill-wheel of the Lady Lucia, or ground corn for -the tenants of the priors of Spalding, but it knows their name no -more. Some of the land, including the manor, passed to the -Bishop of Lincoln; until, in 1862, it was transferred to the -Ecclesiastical Commissioners, who are now the Lay Impropriators; -the living, now, after various augmentations, worth £300 a -year, being in the patronage of the Bishop of Lincoln, and the -Earl of Yarborough. The latter nobleman is now one of the -largest proprietors in the county, though we believe he -originally belonged to the south of England, and was connected -with the Earls of Chichester, of Stanmer Park, in Sussex, in -which county the heraldic Pelham buckle is a marked feature in -many of the churches. <a name="citation178"></a><a -href="#footnote178" class="citation">[178]</a> Other -proprietors are the Lill and Bourne families. There is a -prebendal stall in Lincoln Cathedral, attached to Scamblesby in -conjunction with Melton Ross, which is now held by the Rev. Canon -Arthur Wright, rector of Coningsby, and Rural Dean of -Gartree.</p> -<p>There are rent charges for the poor of the parish, left by -David Atkinson and dame Tyrwhitt; also the interest of £6 -6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>, left by an unknown donor, and a charge on -land in Belchford, for poor widows.</p> -<p>Within a short distance of the church, in a south-eastward -direction, are traces of a moated inclosure, which has probably -been the site of a residence of some size. Nothing is known -of its past history, but it may well have been a mansion on the -property of the Countess Lucia, or some of her descendants, and -occupied by a dependent vassal. There are a few records of -former persons connected with the parish, of which we here give -one or two. Among the “Final Concords,” under -date, 1 July, 1202, is an agreement between Roger de Maletoft, on -the one <a name="page179"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -179</span>part, and Philip de Claythorp, and Mary his wife, on -the other part, tenants of “4 oxgangs in Scamblesbi (about -60 acres),” by which they acknowledge the said land to be -the right and inheritance of the said Roger; and in return for -this, he granted it “to them and their heirs, to hold of -him and his heirs for ever, doing for it foreign service”; -and, as an acknowledgment of this, the said Philip and Mary gave -the said Roger 4 marks. (Note appended to the will of John -Guevera, made 18 March, 1607.) N.B.—A sister of John -Guevera, married John Chapman, of Scamblesbi. The Guevera -family came from Biscay, in Spain, probably imported by Katherine -of Arragon, or Philip of Spain, Queen Mary’s husband.</p> -<p>Thomas Kent, of Scamblesby, clerk, by will, dated 23 July, -1623, among other bequests, leaves, “to my wife Mary, -£40, with other benefits; my dau., Lydia Lent £200; -my dau., Penelope Dennis, £16; my dau., Mary Martingdale, -£20; my son, Thomas Kent, £20; my dau., Anne -Millington,—; Henry Neave, my grandchild, £30; -Gabriel Neave, my grandchild, £66 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>; -Mary Neave, £66 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>; my son Elias Kent, -2 Kye, a pr. of oxen, a pr. of 2 yr. old fleaces; a mare that I -had of my son-in-law, James Martingdale, my waines and -waine-geares, and ploughs and plough-geares, my trays and -harrows, also a bedd, a presse and a table, with the lease of the -manor of Scamblesby; my son, Thomas, 44<i>s.</i> in gold; my son, -Abell, 44<i>s.</i> in gold; to everyone of my grandchildren, -11<i>s.</i> in gold; to the poor of Donington, 22<i>s.</i>; of -Goulceby, 20<i>s.</i>; and to the poorest of Scamblesby -20<i>s.</i>; to everyone of my servants, 16<i>d.</i>; to Lewis -Whiteing, 2 ewes and 2 lambes; to Dorothie Candroy, a flocked -yearing quee.” The testator’s wife is to have -his household goods and chattels, for division among his children -at her discretion; Timothy, his son, being sole executor, to whom -he bequeaths the residence, after payment of debts and funeral -expenses. To be buried in the chancel of Scamblesbie.</p> -<p>Elias Kent, of Scamblesby, gent., by will, dated 13 Feb., -1625, bequeaths to “my wife, Elizabeth, £200, and the -household stuff, &c.; to my daughter, Martha Kent, £200 -when 16, and the lease of Scamblesby manor; to my sister, Marie -Martingdale, Mr. Benjamin Storre, 20<i>s.</i>; Thomas, William, -and Elizabeth, the three eldest children of my brother Timothy -Kent, deceased, 20<i>s.</i> a piece; and <a -name="page180"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 180</span>to Edward -Kent, a new coat; to my brother, Thomas Booth, -‘Speede’s Chronicles’; to my brother, Richard -Sharpe, my black gelding; to my mother, a 5<i>s.</i> piece of -silver; to the poor of Scamblesby, 40<i>s.</i>; to the poorest of -Goulceby, 10<i>s.</i> and of Donington, 10<i>s.</i>; to everie -one of my sisters 10<i>s.</i>; to my cosen, Alice Brooke, -£3 6<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>, and the horse called -‘Maud,’ &c., &c. My body to be buried -in the chancel. My brother, Thomas Kent, clerk of -Donington, to be executor.”</p> -<p>N.B.—On the death of the said Thomas Kent, Incumbent of -Donington, 13 years later, he leaves “to my much honored -friend, Sir John Munson, my black colt; to Sir Thomas Munson, my -noble friend whom I much honor, my Spurr Royal; to the Right -Honble., my Lord Beaumont, my bald colt; to the Rectors of -Donington, for the time being, and their successors for ever, my -Spalding tythes (these were the gift of the Lady Lucia to -Spalding priory); to the repairs of St. Paul’s church in -London, £5.”</p> -<p>The name Scamblesby means the “By,” <i>i.e.</i>, -farmstead (Scotice Byre) of the Saxon Skamel; probably his land, -amounting to six carucates (or 720 acres), was that which, -through the Lady Lucia, became the property of Ivo Taillebois, -lord of Spalding.</p> -<p>The parish of Cawkwell, now ecclesiastically annexed to -Scamblesby, is of small extent, being a lordship comprising some -680 acres of land, now the property of the Duke of Portland; the -benefice, a vicarage now valued at £39 a year, being in the -patronage of the Earl of Yarborough, who, as such, has the -alternate presentation with the Bishop of Lincoln, to the -consolidated benefice of Scamblesby with Cawkwell. This -property, again, was among the lands of Ivo Taillebois, acquired -by his marriage with the Saxon heiress, Lucia. Little is -known of its past history. It probably passed through the -like vicissitudes as Scamblesby, until it was granted to Sir -Charles Cavendish, of Bolsover Castle, and from him, passed to -the Dukes of Newcastle, the Earl of Oxford, and finally, by the -marriage of his daughter and heiress, to the noble family of -Bentinck, the ancestors of the present Duke of Portland, who, in -the present generation, has married a lady of the almost -neighbouring parish of Walmsgate. There was formerly a -priory of Cawkwell, of which Sir William Tyrwhitt was -steward. It was probably <a name="page181"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 181</span>not a richly endowed institution, as -his fee as steward was only £1. It would seem to have -been a dependency of the much wealthier priory of Austin Canons, -at Nocton. (Dugdale “Monasticon,” vol. ii., p. -211)</p> -<p>The Church, dedicated to St. Peter, was demolished, and the -materials, in part, utilized for the rebuilding of Scamblesby -church, in 1893. At the date of Liber Regis (temp. Queen -Anne), the benefice was so poor that it is there described as -“not presented to,” and the church has not been used -for divine worship since 1885. Cawkwell house is a -substantial residence, standing in good grounds, and occupied by -C. B. Robson, Esq. The only thing worthy of note in -connection with this parish, is that it was the birth-place, in -1599, of a learned and pious man, Hanserd Knollys, who was -educated at Cambridge, distinguished for his zeal in religion, -appointed master of the Free School at Gainsborough, took Holy -Orders, and was presented by the Bishop of Lincoln to the living -of Humberston. Afterwards, conceiving scruples as to the -lawfulness of certain church observances, he resigned his -benefice; for a time, with the Bishop’s connivance, he -preached in various parishes, without using the church -service. He eventually abjured his orders, and joined the -Baptist persuasion, and became one of its pastors in -London. The intolerance of the age forced him to seek -refuge in Wales, Holland, Germany, and even America. He -died, Sept., 1691, in the 93rd year of his age. -(Weir’s “Hist. Lincolnshire,” vol. i, p. 301). -<a name="citation181"></a><a href="#footnote181" -class="citation">[181]</a></p> -<p>We have mentioned Cawkwell hill. This is one of -“the Alps of Lincolnshire,” and, although there are, -among the Wold hills, several considerably steeper, being on a -high road, formerly having much traffic, it has been the scene of -some accidents. Only a few years ago, a gentleman living -near, was driving down the hill in a thunderstorm, when he was -struck by lightening, his carriage was upset, and his horse -afterwards found on the other side of the hedge, he himself -recovering without any serious effects. Sometime in the -forties, the late Sir Henry Dymoke was driving a carriage and -pair down the hill, when the horses bolted. The father of -the present writer happened at the time to be walking down the -hill, on his way home <a name="page182"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 182</span>from Louth; as the horses dashed -past him he made a spring at the bridle of the near horse, -fortunately catching hold of it, and by running alongside, he -succeeded in bringing the horses to a stand, without injury to -anyone. But for this timely aid, the champion of England -might have incurred a more serious ordeal than that of -challenging his sovereign’s enemies.</p> -<p>The name of this parish, “Calche uuelle,” in -Domesday Book, and now Cawkwell, might have been given with -prophetic foresight into the future, as it is here, from a deep -well, the bore of which passes through the chalk to the gravel -below, that a pure and plentiful supply of water is obtained for -the town of Horncastle, and more recently also for the modern -health resort of Woodhall Spa.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Sotby</span>.</h3> -<p>Sotby, also in Liber Regis, called Saltby, lies to the west of -Ranby, about 2 miles to the north-west of Great Stourton, and is -about 8 miles north-north-west from Horncastle. Letters, -<i>via</i> Wragby, arrive at 9.30 a.m. This manor, in the -reign of the Conqueror, was granted by him to his half-brother, -Odo, Bishop of Baieux, <a name="citation182"></a><a -href="#footnote182" class="citation">[182]</a> along with many -other demesnes, as mentioned more fully in the account of -Ranby. Ralph the vassal of Odo is mentioned in Domesday -Book, as holding “4 carucates,” or 480 acres, with 16 -socmen and 3 villeins. The Saxon thane, Ulnod, had about -the same extent. The church had 150 acres of meadow. -At an Inquisition, held 1 Edward II. (No. 107, 11 April, 1308), -it was shewn that Philip de Kyme, enfeoffed his son, William de -Kyme, of the manor of Sotteby, held by the service of half a -knight’s fee. This William, in 1334, enfeoffed his -nephew, Gilbert de Umfraville, of the manor. He was Earl of -Angus. William’s widow, Joan, married as her 2nd -husband, Nicholas de Cantelupe, who, through her, held the manor -of Baumber. (“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, pp, -69, 70). <a name="page183"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -183</span>This Nicholas de Cantelupe, founded a chantry in -Lincoln Cathedral, dedicated to St. Nicholas. It is -situated to the east of the great south door, under the lesser -east window. On the north side of this chantry, are two -altar tombs, one of which, having a figure clad in surcoat of -mail, is the sepulchre of Lord Cantelupe. In the pavement -below, is a slab, in memory of his wife, the Lady Joan. She -founded a small chapel on the east side of the south transept, -dedicated to St. Paul. According to “Testa de -Nevill,” Simon de Kyme, at an earlier date, held lands in -Sotby, in chief from the king (circa, 1242). (“Linc. -N. & Q.,” iv., p. 174. Compare Oldfield’s -“Hist. Waynfleet,” p. 168).</p> -<p>By a Close Roll, 9 Henry VII., No. 30, it is shewn that Sir -Robert Dymmok, knt., was, with others, seized of the manor of -Sotby, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1494.</p> -<p>By an Inquisition, taken 31 May, 1495 (10 Henry VII.), it was -found that Robert Taillebois, died seized of the manor of Sotby, -held from the king, by the service of half a knight’s -fee. (“Linc. N & Q.” ii., p. 141). -His ancestor, Ivo Taillebois, had lands in Baumber.</p> -<p>The abbot of Bardney had a pension from Sotby, as he also had -from Edlington and other parishes in the neighbourhood. At -the Lincolnshire Rising, in the reign of Hen. VIII., Thomas -Yoell, parson of Sotby, though old and blind took a prominent -part in the movement, along with the rectors of Low Toynton, -Belchford, and others. In 1798, Thomas Roe was -rector. The Rev. John Bainbridge-Smith, D.D., headmaster of -the Horncastle Grammar School, held the rectory of Sotby, with -that of Martin-by-Horncastle and the perpetual curacy of Baumber, -from 1828 to 1854; he was also Honorary Chaplain to the Duke of -Newcastle. He was succeeded at Sotby, by his son, John -Bainbridge-Smith, and the latter rebuilt the chancel of the -church, St. Peter’s, and made other improvements in -1858–9. The register dates from 1658. Among the -entries is a record that in the year 1728, there were sixteen -burials, but no cause for that excessive mortality is -named. The second Rev. J. Bainbridge-Smith married a -daughter of Judge Haliburton, of Nova Scotia, the author of -“Sam Slick,” “The Old Judge,” -“Nature and Human Nature,” &c. He was for -some years chaplain at Smyrna.</p> -<p>When the chancel was taken down in 1858, some interesting -relics were discovered. A sepulchral arch was <a -name="page184"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 184</span>opened at -the north-east end, supposed to lead to the burial place of the -founder of the Pre-Conquest Church. It was constructed of -grey stone. Three very ancient windows, also of grey stone, -and blocked with rubbish, were opened, on the splays of which -were found frescoes, the figures being, so far as they remained, -very distinct. One was a crowned figure, seated, and -holding a sceptre in his left hand, the right hand being -stretched out in the attitude of judgment or command, but the -lower part of the arm was wanting. Another was a female -figure, with long tresses, and a robe with lengthy train -behind. A third, was one figure complete, probably the -Saviour, with the head only of another figure, facing him, -probably the Magdalen; both heads being surrounded by a -nimbus. The Saviour’s attitude, with uplifted finger, -indicated the giving of some command, probably the <i>Noli me -tangere</i>. The fourth subject was apparently a rude -representation of the last supper, the Saviour being in the act -of taking the cup. <a name="citation184"></a><a -href="#footnote184" class="citation">[184]</a> Copies of -these frescoes were made, and are preserved with the -registers. The present writer has copies, from which this -description is given.</p> -<p>When the south and east walls were taken down, a very ancient -doorway, probably Saxon, of grey and red sandstone was found; -close beside it was another doorway of later date. Towards -the east end of the south wall, was found a beautiful geometrical -window, the inner arch much broken. This had apparently -been the original east window, but in later times broken up, and -some of the fragments built into the wall in various parts. -All this seemed to indicate that a Saxon church had existed, that -it was rebuilt about the time of the Norman Conquest, with stone -found in the neighbourhood, that in the 13th century it was -adorned with frescoes, an east window, of Lincoln stone, -&c. The new chancel was re-opened by the Bishop of -Lincoln, in 1859. (Extract from “Lincolnshire -Times,” Nov., 1859).</p> -<p>The chief features of the present church are as -follows:—The font, modern, octagonal, and plain. A -former very small font, with small bowl remains, sunk into the -base of a recess in the west wall. A small metal, portable -font, is also preserved in the rectory, which was formerly -used. <a name="page185"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -185</span>The chancel arch is probably Saxon. It is very -low, with massive supports, has been mutilated, but is still in -fairly good condition. In the south wall of the chancel is -a double piscina, supposed to be peculiar to the 13th -century. In the north chancel wall is an easter sepulchre, -with an aumbrey above, having a trefoil moulding in a 13th -century arch. The east window is modern, with three -lights. In the south wall is a two-light window, in memory -of J. B. Smith, D.D. In the floor of the chancel, in the -centre, is a slab commemorating John Porter, rector from 1658 to -1688–9. In the north wall of the nave is one -square-headed window; in the south wall are two similar -windows. On the north wall there is a tablet to J. -Scholey. There is only one small bell hanging in the bell -turret. Altogether this church has some very interesting -features. In the parish chest, with the registers, is a -copy made by the late rector, of the transcripts in the -Archidiaconal Registry, dating from 1556 to 1590.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Stixwould</span>.</h3> -<p>This parish is situated about 6 miles westward of Horncastle; -the village being less than a mile from the Stixwould station, on -the loop line of the Great Northern Railway, between Boston and -Lincoln. The parish is bounded on the west by the river -Witham, on the north by Horsington, and on the east and south by -Woodhall and Edlington. In Domesday book the name takes the -form of Stigeswald, or Stigeswalt. The origin of this name -can only be a matter of conjecture, but the following, as not -being without interest, is suggested. The ancient -arrangement for crossing a river, especially a sluggish, oozy -one, such as the Witham, was commonly by a stockaded ford. <a -name="citation185"></a><a href="#footnote185" -class="citation">[185]</a> This stockade would be -constructed of stakes or sticks, a kind of structure which is -also implied in the names Stickford, (<i>i.e.</i>, staked ford), -and Stickney (staked water, or island), both of which places lie -in what was <a name="page186"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -186</span>formerly a marshy district in this county. <a -name="citation186a"></a><a href="#footnote186a" -class="citation">[186a]</a> Hence, we may suppose, the -first syllable of the name Stix (or Sticks) wold; as to the next -syllable, “Wold,” or wald, is the Saxon for -wood. At some places certain woods were anciently assigned -by law or custom, for the supply of these stakes. <a -name="citation186b"></a><a href="#footnote186b" -class="citation">[186b]</a>; and such a wood might naturally -acquire the name of the Stakes wood, or Sticks wold.</p> -<p>In the case of this parish, as the embankment, now confining -the Witham to its narrow channel, did not anciently exist, that -river would then have a much greater width, and the ford would -probably be a long “causeway” through a morass, -raised by sods and strengthened by stakes. <a -name="citation186c"></a><a href="#footnote186c" -class="citation">[186c]</a> Mr. C. Gowen-Smith, the -translator of Domesday Book, for Lincolnshire, says -(Introduction, p. xl.) that “wad,” or -“wode,” means “a causeway.” We -thus, on either of these suppositions, get Stixwould meaning a -staked ford, or causeway. <a name="citation186d"></a><a -href="#footnote186d" class="citation">[186d]</a></p> -<p>In the days of ancient savage warfare, fords were important -positions of defence; and especially on the Witham would a ford -be important, that river being the boundary between the barbarous -“Girvii,” who inhabited the wild Fen tracts, <a -name="citation186e"></a><a href="#footnote186e" -class="citation">[186e]</a> and the less warlike Saxons, who -dwelt east of it. A ford also, or ferry, was a source of -considerable revenue; for instance, at Stow, the lord of the -manor, in 1234, let the ferry on the Trent (now of -Littleborough), with the fishery, for £3 6<i>s.</i> -8<i>d.</i> yearly, <a name="page187"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -187</span>a large sum in those days. Thus the staked ford, -and the wood supplying the stakes, may well have been local -features of sufficient importance to originate the name of -Stickswold.</p> -<p>Of the wood formerly existing, there are still some relics, in -fine oak trees of great age; one of these, nearly 20ft. in girth, -is to be seen by the garden gate at the abbey farm house; another -stands near the drive to Halstead Hall, in the east of the -parish; and others are nearer the Witham, in fields adjoining -Newstead House farm. The present Stixwould wood, or Long -wood, south of the village, is of comparatively modern growth; -but on the eastern border of the parish is Halstead wood, -separated from Sto-bourne wood, by what, probably, was formerly a -“stow,” “stoke,” or stake-marked -“bourn,” or boundary stream, being a ditch of running -water, which gives its name to the latter wood, which lies in the -next parish; the two woods until recent years, belonging to the -two different manors.</p> -<p>At the time of the Norman Conquest, we find only two names of -Saxon landowners in this parish, viz.:—Ulviet, and Siward, -who had here between them, about 720 acres. Both these -would seem to have been thanes of some importance, as the former -held, in demesne or otherwise, lands in at least ten other -parishes, in various parts of the county; and the latter had -lands in eleven parishes, also widely distributed, and further, -had sufficient influence to continue as tenant, under the Norman -proprietors, to whom the Conqueror transferred the lands -previously owned by Saxons. <a name="citation187"></a><a -href="#footnote187" class="citation">[187]</a> Of Normans, -a grant of 270 acres (that amount having been previously owned by -<a name="page188"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 188</span>Ulviet,) -was conferred by King William, upon Waldin Brito (or the Breton), -a distinguished soldier, who accompanied him from Normandy. -These Bretons were highly valued for their faithful services, by -the Plantagenet kings, and were largely employed in court -offices; Waldin also received manors in eight other parishes in -this neighbourhood. Another favourite of the Conqueror, who -received land here, was Alured, of Lincoln. The Domesday -Survey gives him as owning 180 acres of arable, meadow, and wood -land in Stixwould, with fifty-one manors in the county, beside -lands elsewhere.</p> -<p>A still larger proprietor was Ivo Taillebois, Earl of Anjou, -and nephew of the Conqueror. On him, William bestowed in -marriage, the Saxon Lady Lucia, sister of Edgiva, wife of the -late King Harold. Beside the lands of her father, Earl -Algar, she had succeeded to the large possessions of her uncle, -Sheriff Thorold, of the neighbouring Bucknall (where traditions -still linger of him, and his sister, the “Lady -Godiva.”) She was probably a kinswoman of the above -Alured, of Lincoln, since his relative, Alan of Lincoln, is named -in old deeds, as nephew of Thorold. Either through her, or -by direct grant to himself, Ivo owned 1,020 acres in Stixwould, -beside lands in 104 other parishes. On this Ivo Taillebois -(or “Underwood” as the name signifies), we may here -make a few remarks. He was commonly known as “the -Lord of Holland,” through his wife’s extensive -possessions in that division of the county, inherited from -Thorold, her uncle, who was lord of Spalding, and he also had a -fine residence at Spalding, where he lived in great state. -He was, however, of a temperament fitted rather to inspire fear -than affection. The chronicler, Ingulphus (“History -of Croyland Abbey,”) tells us, that his dependants -“supplicated him on bended knees, and did him all due -service,” but, in return, he “tortured, harrassed, -and daily loaded them with fresh burdens”; and by his -cruelty, “compelled most of them to sell their property and -seek other countries.” On the death of his patron, -the Conqueror, he joined a conspiracy against William Rufus, and -was banished the country. After a few years he was allowed -to return, but died shortly afterwards of paralysis, in 1114. <a -name="citation188"></a><a href="#footnote188" -class="citation">[188]</a> Having been <a -name="page189"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 189</span>forced as a -husband, by the Conqueror, upon the Lady Lucia, and being further -of the temperament already described, we may assume that, as the -saying is, there was “no love lost” between them, and -we are therefore hardly surprised to find another old chronicler -(Peter de Blois), saying, on the death of Ivo, “hardly had -a month elapsed, when the Lady Lucia married that illustrious -man, Roger de Romara, son of Gerald de Romara (seneschal or high -steward of William, as Duke of Normandy), and that she lost all -recollection of Ivo.”</p> -<p>These are the only two landowners, Saxon or Norman, mentioned -in Domesday Book, as having property in Stixwould. The -extent of their lands in the parish, all added together, amounted -to rather less than 2,000 acres, whereas the present acreage is -nearly 2,360, there is therefore a margin of between 300 and 400 -acres unaccounted for; and this we may probably assume to have -been waste land of bog and morass, subject to the Witham floods, -and not brought under cultivation till centuries later. -Accordingly, we find that the parish rate-book shows a sudden -rise in value of certain land, owing to drainage early in the -nineteenth century. We are not able to trace the successive -landowners of Stixwould through a connected series. There -would seem to be some confusion in the old chroniclers, between -the Lady Lucia, who married Ivo Taillebois, and another lady of -the same name, probably her daughter, who married Roger de -Romara, <a name="citation189a"></a><a href="#footnote189a" -class="citation">[189a]</a> and, on his death, married Ranulph, -Earl of Chester. The eldest son of this Lady Lucia, by -Roger de Romara, was William de Romara, who was created Earl of -Lincoln, by King Stephen, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1140. His grandson, also William de Romara, married -Philippa, daughter of John Count d’ Alencon, <a -name="citation189b"></a><a href="#footnote189b" -class="citation">[189b]</a> but died childless. His -property would then <a name="page190"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 190</span>pass to the descendants of the -second husband of the Lady Lucia II., viz., Ranulph, Earl of -Chester. The latter married his niece, the Countess Roheis, -to Gilbert de Gaunt, whose grandfather was nephew of Matilda, -wife of William the Conqueror. He became Earl of Lincoln, -and it is probable that the Earl of Chester’s property -passed to him; among other such lands, being also those in -Stixwould, and in this connection, it is interesting to note -that, although in a less exalted position, there are still, in -this twentieth century, Gaunts in this parish, whose very -countenance would bespeak their Norman origin. In course of -time, the lands of the Gaunts, passed, in great measure, to two -families, namely, that of the Becks of Lusby, Spilsby, &c., -and the Pinsons of Tattershall, &c. These two families -flourished during the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries, and they, -in turn, were succeeded by the Willoughbys, ancestors of the -present Earl of Ancaster, and Lord Willoughby -d’Eresby. A Court Roll, 9 Richard I., shows that -Robt. Willoughby had then land in the adjoining Wispington, but -there is indirect evidence to show that the Willoughbys had also -property in Stixwould, since, in the twenty-second year of Edwd. -III. (1348), John, the first Lord Willoughby d’Eresby, -endowed the chantry of the Holy Trinity, at Spilsby, with certain -lands in Stixwould, Fulletby, and other parishes (Pat., 22 Ed -III); while further, in a charter of Baron Bek (circa 1300), -conveying lands to Kirkstead Abbey, we find as witnesses to the -deed, William de Wylcheby (<i>i.e.</i>, Willoughby), two Beks, -William de Thorp, and “Dominus,” Theobald de -Hallested (“Architect. S. Journal,” 1897, p. 38); -thus connecting, again, Halstead, or Stixwould, with a -Willoughby, as well as his relatives, the Beks, of Spilsby, and -the owners of Tattershall Thorpe.</p> -<p>At an earlier date than this, however, we find mention of -other owners of Stixwould. In a list of landowners in -Lindsey, in the reign of Henry I. (1100, 1135), we find Alan of -Lincoln (already referred to as kinsman of Alured), owning six -oxgangs (ninety acres), in this parish, with Gilbert -Fitz-Gozelin, and Gerard as his tenants, as Siward had been under -Alured; also Robert de Hay, owning here, one carucate (120 -acres). (Cotton MSS., Claudius, C 5, fol. 9<i>b.</i>, Brit. -Museum, “Archit. Journ.,” 1881, p. 197.)</p> -<p>The de Hays were a wealthy family, owning lands in -Cammerigham, Spridlington, Fillingham, Hackthorn, <a -name="page191"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 191</span>Owmby, -Barlings and many other parishes. (Ibid, pp. 184, 185, -&c.) One of them was among the Barons who signed the -Magna Charter.</p> -<p>At the same date, we find a certain Ralph de Stixwald, holding -land in Edlington, as tenant under Ranulph le Meschin; the latter -being the second husband of the (second) Lady Lucy, Earl of -Chester, and son of the Vicomte de Bessin, in Normandy. -(Ibid., fol. 14, and “Archæolog. S. -Proceedings,” 1848, p. 257).</p> -<p>Near the close of this 12th century (1 and 3 Richard I., 1190 -and 1192), we find Roger de Stixwald (with Gerard de Camvill), -Sheriff of the County. He was probably son of the above -Ralph de Stixwould. (“Hist. Lincoln,” 1816, p. -200). These de Stikswalds resided at Halstead Hall, in this -parish, which will be noticed hereafter under that head.</p> -<p>By an Inquisition, taken at Wragby (5 Richard II., -1381–2), it was shewn that Margaret, wife of John de Orbi, -knight (Orby), held jointly with her husband, fifty-two acres of -wood in Tattershall and Stixwold, with various other lands; and -that Mary de Percy, wife of John de Roos, is their next heir; but -that her brother, the Earl of Northumberland, occupied the land -meanwhile. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. vi., No. -47). Her will was proved 29th Augt. 1394. Mentions of -other owners in subsequent times are rather rare.</p> -<p>On the Dissolution of the Monasteries, by Hen. VIII., that -sovereign in 1541, gave the lands of Stixwould Priory in this -parish, to Robert Dighton. The Dightons had amassed -considerable wealth, as merchants in Lincoln. A Robert -Dighton was Mayor in 1494, and again in 1506, and William Dighton -was Sheriff in 1533. The Robert Dighton, who thus became a -landowner in Stixwould, resided at the old hall of Stourton -Parva, in the parish of Baumber, dividing the ownership of that -parish with the Earls of Lincoln, afterwards Dukes of -Newcastle. He married Joyce, daughter and heiress of -William St. Paul; the St. Pauls being a good family, later -represented by Sir George St. Paul, Bart., who died in -1613. Robert Dighton’s daughter, married first, Judge -Dalison, and secondly, Sir F. Ayscough, Bart. -(“Archit. Journ.,” 1891, p. 16). Members of -both these families took part in the Lincolnshire Rising of 1536, -along with John Heneage, Edwd. Dymoke (Sheriff), William -Willoughby, Thimblebies, <a name="page192"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 192</span>Massingberds, and many others. -(“State Papers,” Henry VIII., vol. ii. p. 971, -“Architect. S. Journal,” 1894. pp. 174, -&c). A daughter of Thomas Dighton married Edwd. -Clinton, second son of the first Earl of Lincoln, of that line -(temp. Elizabeth.)</p> -<p>Another family, here comes on the scene, viz., the Thimblebys, -who resided at Poolham, a hamlet of the adjoining parish of -Edlington; and for some generations owned land in -Stixwould. Their chief residence was at Irnham, near Bourn, -where Richard Thimbleby Esq., in 1510, built the hall, a fine -mansion, standing in a well-wooded deer park; having acquired the -property by marriage with an heiress of the Hiltons, whose -ancestor, Sir Geoffrey Hilton, again, had obtained it by marriage -with an heiress of the Luterels; that family having also -succeeded to it in the person of Sir Andrew Luterel, who married -an heiress of the Paganels, on whose ancestor, the Norman, Ralph -Paganel, it had been bestowed by the Conqueror. The -pedigree of the Thimblebys is given in the Herald’s -Visitation of 1562. They owned property in Claxby, -Normanby, Tetford (manor with advowson), Haltham, High Toynton, -Horsington (with moiety of advowson), and many other -parishes. They doubtless took their name from the proximate -parish of Thimbleby, as we find them first designated as John, -Thomas, &c., “de Thimbleby.”</p> -<p>By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, of date, 1333 (7 Ed. -III.), taken on Friday after the feast of St. Matthew (Sep. 21), -at Haltham, it was shewn that Nicholas de Thymelby held certain -land in Haltham, of the right of his wife Matilda, with lands in -Thimbleby, under the Bishop of Carlisle, and lands in Stikeswold, -of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln. He was succeeded by his -son John, who married Isabel, daughter and co-heir of Sir William -Fflete, knt., and his successor, William Thymelby, Esq., -apparently married Joan, daughter of Sir Walter Taillebois, one -of the family connected with Stixwould, through the Lady Lucia, -already named, nearly 400 years earlier; Sir Walter was -grandnephew of Gilbert Umfravill, Earl of Angus. -(“Architect. Journ.,” 1896, pp. 297–8).</p> -<p>Again (nearly 200 years later), by a Court of Ward’s -Inquisition (3, 4, 5, Ed. VI.,) it was shown that Matthew -Thimbleby, who married Anne, daughter of Sir Robert Hussey, was -seised of lands in Styxwolde, Horsington, <a -name="page193"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 193</span>Edlington, -Thymylby, Buckland (<i>i.e.</i> Woodhall), &c., inheriting -them from his father (Ibid. p. 258). His widow married Sir -Robert Savile, knt., of Poolham, and through her, he died in -1585–6 (Jany. 24), seised of the same land in Stixwolde, -&c.</p> -<p>We now pass over eighty years, during which another change in -the ownership has taken place.</p> -<p>In 1665, and again in 1685, Sir John Coventry, K.B. presented -to the benefice, and was probably lord of the manor. At the -beginning of the 18th century, Sir Thomas Keate had succeeded as -patron (Ecton’s “Thesaurus,” p. 183) and his -widow, Agnes Keate, was owner in 1704. (Liber Regis, p. -424). This name is written Kyte, in the “Histories of -Lincolnshire,” by Weir, and by Saunders. They are -said to have been a Warwickshire family; the last of them, Sir -William, squandered a large fortune, and, in a fit of despair, -set fire to his fine mansion in the Cotswold hills, and himself -perished in the flames. The manor of Stixwould had been -previously sold by him to Lord Anson, the distinguished Naval -Commander, and Circumnavigator, Lord High Admiral of England, -&c., who presented to the benefice in 1753. On his -death, in 1762, his son, Thomas Anson, Esq., of Shuckborough, Co. -Stafford, succeeded to the property, and presented to the -benefice in 1767.</p> -<p>In 1763, Mary Lister, fourth daughter of Matthew Lister, Esq., -of Burwell Park, near Louth, married (19 May), Thomas Elmhirst, -Esq., of Stixwould (Parish Register of Burwell, quoted -“Archit. Soc. Journal,” 1897, p. 92). He was -probably at that time tenant of the Abbey Farm House. -Matthew Lister, her father, had married Grace, widow of Sir -Edward Boughton, Bart., daughter, and co-heir of Sir John -Shuckborough, Bart., of Shuckborough, at which place also resided -the above-named Thomas Anson, son of Lord Anson.</p> -<p>The whole estate of Stixwould was afterwards purchased by -Edmund Turnor, Esq., of Stoke Rochford, who first presented to -the benefice in 1778, his nominee, as Vicar, being a member of a -very old Lincolnshire family, Bernard Cracroft, who also held the -Vicarage of Bardney. A former Sir Edmund Turnor was -knighted by Charles II., in 1663, as a reward for services -rendered to that king’s martyred father. The property -still remains with this family. Among the gentry of -Lincolnshire named at the Heralds’ <a -name="page194"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 194</span>Visitation -in 1634, is Edwd. Broxholme “of Stixwould,” who seems -to have had relatives at Lincoln, North Kelsey, Grimsby, -Nettleham, and elsewhere among the county gentry; one of them, -John of Otbye, contributing £25 to the national loan for -defence against the Spanish Armada. (“Linc. N. & -Q.” ii., pp. 9 and 134). Whether this Edward -Broxholme was a landowner in Stixwould, or a tenant, does not -appear. He resided at the Priory.</p> -<p>We now give a brief notice of Stixwould Priory, dedicated to -the blessed Virgin Mary. This was founded by the Lady Lucia -(<i>i.e.</i>, the second of that name), and her two sons, -Ranulph, Earl of Chester, and William de Romara, Earl of Lincoln -(Leland “Collect.,” vol. i., p. 92), in the reign of -Stephen. The Rev. Thos. Cox, in his -“Lincolnshire” (of date, 1719), ascribes the -foundation to Galfred de Ezmondeys. <a name="citation194"></a><a -href="#footnote194" class="citation">[194]</a> Doubtless, -at different periods, additions and augmentations were made to -the original institution, entitling the benefactors to be -numbered among the “fundatores”; but the general -testimony of Leland, Dugdale, and others, is in favour of the -Lady; whose uncle, Sheriff Thorold, was a benefactor to Croyland -Abbey, and founded Spalding Priory, his sister, the Lady Godiva, -also (as the Chronicler Henry of Huntingdon tells us), spending -much of her vast wealth in building monasteries and churches, -while her descendant, William de Romara II., founded Revesby -Abbey. By an Inquisition taken 3 Edwd. I. (1275), it was -found that the lands held by the Priory, given by these and other -benefactors, had been so held for 100 years (Dugdale’s -“Monasticon” i., p. 56, No. 486); and further, by an -Inquisition at Stamford, in the same reign, it was found that the -Priory had certain lands at Huntingdon, from divers benefactors -(“Ibid.” ii., p. 223, No. 809), one of these being -Alexander Creveceur, a member of a distinguished Norman family, -who owned lands in Somersby, circa <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, 1242, and in several other parishes -in this neighbourhood; the name also appearing in the Battle -Roll. They <a name="page195"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -195</span>are now represented by the de Courcy’s whose -chief, Lord Kinsale, is premier Baron of Ireland, and entitled by -royal warrant to the singular privilege of keeping his hat on in -the Sovereign’s presence. Besides the Huntingdon -property, the Priory possessed house property in Lincoln, 900 -acres of land in Honington, 120 in Bassingthorpe, 120 in -Bucknall, 42 in Wyberton, 249 in Stixwould, with the advowson of -the Church; smaller amounts in Westby, Waynfleet, Horkstow, -Wymondham, Low Toynton, Tupholme, the advowson of Waynfleet -benefice; 2 tofts in Horsington, to provide candles for the -altar, and a pension from Alford; while the Prioress also -received as lesser perquisites, obits, mortuaries, Easter -offerings, “shot for wax,” “Lincoln -farthings,” “Assize of bread and beer,” and -various “fines and amerciaments.” -(Oliver’s “Religious Houses,” pp. 65, 6.)</p> -<p>As to the particular ecclesiastical order to which this Priory -belonged, authorities differ. In Thomas Coxe’s -“Lincolnshire” (already referred to), it is called a -Gilbertine Institution; Stukeley (in his “Itinerarium -Curiosum,” vol. i., p. 88), calls it Benedictine; while -Dugdale, in his “Monasticon,” vol. i., No. 486, -places it among the Benedictines, and in vol. ii., No. 809, gives -it as Gilbertine; while Noble and others call it -Cistercian. The Cistercians, however, were only a stricter -sect of the Benedictines. The early training of Gilbert had -been mainly Cistercian, and we shall therefore probably be right -in saying that Stixwould Priory was at first a Gilbertine, and -afterwards changed to a Benedictine establishment of the -strictest order. As to the strictness of the regulations, -we gather full evidence from the accounts given by Dr. Oliver, in -his “Religious Houses on the Witham,” from which we -here make a few quotations. We may premise that, although -the sisterhood consisted nominally of a Prioress and Nuns, there -was a resident male “Master of the Nuns” (Court -Rolls, 6 Richard I.); and, at times, at least, according to -Leland (“Collect.,” i., p. 92), there were also -“Brothers” (fratres), as at the Sempringham House, -which Gilbert founded. The time of the nuns was chiefly -spent in works of charity, reading legends of the Saints, -solitary meditation and prayer (a perfunctory repetition of -devotions, which must too often have been deadening, rather than -invigorating, to spiritual life), and <a name="page196"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 196</span>needlework, such as the embroidery -of altar cloths, &c. <a name="citation196a"></a><a -href="#footnote196a" class="citation">[196a]</a> They were -not even allowed to converse with each other, except on -permission from the Prioress; they could only converse with -friends from outside through a grating “of the length of a -finger, and barely a thumb’s breadth,” and with a -veil over it, in the presence of two “discreet -sisters”; and all letters were inspected by the -Prioress. The Convent was so shut in by walls, as -“scarcely (it was said) to leave an entrance for -birds,” and, during divine service, the door of the choir, -where they sat, was closed, so that they could not see, or be -seen by, strangers. The diet was of the plainest, and if a -nun was disobedient, it was reduced to bread and water. -They were not allowed to go beyond the Priory walls except to -visit the sick, or attend funerals; and even in the Priory -garden, usually a resort for monastic recreation, but an -indulgence only granted to these sisters on Sundays and -festivals, they were allowed to pluck only jessamine and violets, -except by special permission. These rules, however, were -occasionally relaxed; they were permitted to cultivate music and -dancing, and even to attend the village sports (Oliver, p. 67, -note 8); and the Prioress, who by charter had free warren over -the Priory lands, is said to have indulged in hawking and hunting -(Placit. de quo Warranto, 22 Edwd. I.) <a -name="citation196b"></a><a href="#footnote196b" -class="citation">[196b]</a> This house was dissolved with -more than 600 other monastic establishments by Henry VIII. in the -27th year of his reign (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1536); -a year later he founded in its place, and with the same revenues, -“for the good of his soul, and that of his Consort -Jane,” a Premonstratensian house, which, however, only -continued two years, when it, in turn, was abolished. The -last Prioress under the old regime was Helena Key; the first and -only Prioress, under the new regime, being Mary Missenden -(Dugdale “Monast.,” iii., No. 81.) The estates, -as already mentioned, were bestowed, on the final dissolution of -this house, <a name="page197"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -197</span>upon Robert Dighton. According to Speed, the -historian, the value of the estates was £163 1<i>s.</i> -2½<i>d.</i>, which was in those days a considerable -sum. The steward for some of the Lindsey estates of the -Priory was John Heneage, brother of Sir Thomas Heneage of -Hainton; for others of the estates in the same division, Sir -Robert Dymoke; for the estates in Kesteven, Sir Robert Hussey, a -younger brother of Lord Hussey, of Sleaford; these two brothers -having between them no less than 23 stewardships for religious -houses, that post being one of no small emolument.</p> -<p>Nothing now remains of the Priory itself, beyond some stone -coffins lying close to the north wall of the parish church, which -were found to the west of the Abbey Farm house. There -remained, however, until 1846, when they were removed to give -space for the present farm buildings, a postern gate, and the -east end of the Priory chapel <a name="citation197"></a><a -href="#footnote197" class="citation">[197]</a> with a window of -the date of Edwd. III.; under the arch of the gateway were the -arms of the Leake family of Lincolnshire carved on a truss of -wood, “Argent a chief, gules, over all a bend engrailed, -azure.” A rough sketch of these remains by Mr. -Willson, architect, is in the possession the lord of the manor -and from it a sketch is given by the Rev. J. A. Penny, late -Vicar, in vol. iii., of “Linc. N. & Q.” p. -161. The moat round the Priory enclosed an area of about 4 -acres, and was connected with the Witham, about three-quarters of -a mile distant, doubtless for the conveyance of goods to the -monastery, as well as for the renewal of the moat water, and that -of the stew ponds, a matter of some importance where a supply of -fish was required for the “fasting” diet of -“the religious.”</p> -<p>We now proceed to a description of the church, dedicated to -St. Peter, which possesses features of more than usual -interest. This was rebuilt in 1831, the architect being Mr. -W. A. Nicholson, of Lincoln.</p> -<p>The former building was on the same site as the present, but -larger. Wilson (architect, of Lincoln), in a MS. collection -of churches (vol. ii., p. 87), has the following notes on the <a -name="page198"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 198</span>earlier -fabric:—“Stixwould, spacious; has been elegant, full -of curious remnants; style, Edwd. VI. or Henry VIII.; tower very -handsome, but much decayed, the walls being built of soft-grained -stone (<i>i.e.</i>, the usual ‘Spilsby’ -sandstone). Interior has been very beautiful, lofty pointed -arches, roof of nave and south aisle supported on rich carved -figures of angels, with shields, etc.; windows full of scattered -remnants of beautiful stained glass; old oak desks and benches -with carved (finials); curious font; upper end of south aisle -inclosed by two screens of oak, mutilated, but exquisitely rich -and elegant; this is called ‘the little choir,’ and -belongs to Halstead Hall in Stixwould; choir screen very lofty, -with front of rood-loft over it, painted with Ten Commandments, -in ‘black letter’; choir same date as nave; east -window spoilt; some ancient slabs, one of two children of the -Welby family (this is now lost) in the little choir; both aisles -have had altars; two bells; curious stone, with letters like a -clock face, in front of tower <a name="citation198"></a><a -href="#footnote198" class="citation">[198]</a> (N.B.—This -was removed some years ago, to Newport, Lincoln, but has been -seen at Stixwould by the present writer). Base and part of -pillar of churchyard cross remain; Mr. Turnor (lord of the -manor), took some painted glass from the church ‘to the -Hall at Stoke Rochford’.” So far, Mr. -Willson. We may add that the panels of the pulpit of Lea -Church, 12 miles beyond Lincoln, were taken from Stixwould.</p> -<p>As to the present fabric, I have been favoured with the -following observations by the Rev. J. Alpass Penny, Vicar of -Wispington, formerly of Stixwould. The church consists of -nave, chancel, and a good tower containing two bells; one of -these being exactly the same as that in the Guildhall at Lincoln, -with date 1370, dedicated to “St. Katrine,” with -Nottingham foundry mark, founder’s initials, and -merchant’s mark. The pinnacles and figures on the -tower are from the former tower; the choir screen, now only one -third of the original, consists of three equal-sized bays, the -central one forming a doorway; and has been pronounced by Dr. F. -Mansel Sympson (“Architectural S. Journal,” 1890, p. -211) to be “of excellent work;” it has however, <a -name="page199"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 199</span>been -recently removed, by the late vicar (in 1899), from the chancel -arch to its eastern wall, and now forms a rather elegant -reredos. The chancel was enlarged, and the nave reseated, -in 1864. The stone slab in the nave floor, nearest to the -Chancel arch, of date 1722, is in memory of a Boulton, who, as -well as his ancestors for several generations, resided at the -Abbey Farm house: he stabbed his mother to death in the little -chapel outside the Priory gate, no longer existing. <a -name="citation199"></a><a href="#footnote199" -class="citation">[199]</a> The stone figure-heads and -angels within the church belonged to the former edifice, as did -also the bench ends south of the nave. The royal arms, with -date 1662, formerly in the church, are now in a wall of the -entrance hall at the Abbey Farm house; and the holy water stoup -is now under the pump in the school yard. There is a fine -slab, with cross, lying outside the tower, which was dug up on -the site of the Priory, also a stone coffin; other fragments were -found in the vicarage garden. The font is octagonal, -divided into panels by rich pinnacles with lions and flowers, the -panels bearing four quaintly-cut emblems of the Evangelists, with -names in black letter, but now very indistinct; the figures -between them being a monk, seated in chair, and holding Y in his -hand, representing January; next, a man with arms akimbo, facing -east, meaning February; next, a friar, for March; and next, a man -in flat cap with sword, holding a rose in his left hand, and his -right resting on his belt, for April. This curious font is -engraved, in outline, by James Sandly Padley, in his work -“Selections from the Ancient Monastic, Ecclesiastical, and -Domestic Edifices of Lincolnshire.” Waterlow, -1851.</p> -<p>The register dates from 1543. In a parish book are some -curious items between 1624 and 1629, or the early years of the -reign of Charles I. These shew that the parish overseers -“held the artillery in charges,” also the “town -musket and knapsack.” The military forces were at -that time a sort of militia, maintained by local rates, and every -parish contributed towards it, in money, arms, and -accoutrements. Probably these contributions were sometimes -<a name="page200"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -200</span>compounded for by a lump payment, as we here find -mention of a sum being paid “for excusing of the -town” from its liability. There is also mention of -alms being given to certain persons who had been taken prisoners -“by the Dunkirkers” <i>i.e.</i>, the Dunkirk -privateers. This, however, must belong to a rather later -date, since the English and Dutch were in conflict at Dunkirk in -1635, and Dunkirk was taken by the French and English from the -Spaniards, and finally handed over to England, in the last year -of Cromwell’s administration, June, 1658.</p> -<p>Mention is also made of the payment of -“dog-whippers,” officials who drove dogs out of the -church at the time of service. In some churches in Wales -the whips are still to be seen. Another item is the payment -of “dyke-reeve,” a very useful official in parishes -in, or bordering on, the fens, where inundations were only to be -avoided by keeping the “dykes and meres” in proper -order.</p> -<p>We are enabled to give here a list of the vicars of Stixwould -from <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1425 to the present time, -except for an interval of about 70 years, through the researches -of Mr. Gibbon, author of “Early Lincolnshire -Wills.” Thomas Lane, 1425–1440; Giles Storror, -1440–1472; John Shadworth, 1472–1482; Thomas Tymson, -1482–1485; Alexander Anyson, 1485–1502; John Aby, -1502–1520; John Robynson, 1520–1530; John Oregower, -1530. Down to this date, all appointments had been made by -the Lady Prioress; and there is a gap in Mr. Gibbon’s list -till 1603. We are, however, able partly, if not entirely, -to fill up the gap, since we find that in 1548, Thomas Wilson, -clerk, S.T.B., was presented by Edmund Dighton, of Donington -(kinsman, doubtless, of Robert Dighton, to whom the Priory -estates were granted by Henry VIII. on the Dissolution), -“this turn of advowson being given by the late Prioress and -convent of B.V.” (Institutions to Benefices, -“Architectural Journal,” 1898, p. 476, No. -328). Also, in a List of Institutions in the 16th century, -without date, but among several others in the middle of that -century (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. vi., No. 45, p. -10), we find John Cressie, clerk, appointed by Thomas Disney, of -Carlton-in-Moreland, gentleman, by grant of the Prioress to him -and others, vacant by resignation of John Boysworth, and these -three nominations may well have embraced the 70 years. The -next vicar was probably Richard Travisse, who is mentioned in Mr. -Gibbon’s list as signing, in 1603, <a -name="page201"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 201</span>a bequest -(and therefore, we may assume, near the close of his vicariate) -of “xl<i>s.</i>”, the interest to be used “for -the benefit of the poor, and church, of Stixwould.” -He was succeeded by Thomas Burton, buried October 21st, -1617. Then followed Francis Bowman, vicar in 1618; Richard -Skiggs, 1648; John Skelton, 1665: a note here states that from -1677 to 1704, being in the time of Mr. Fox, vicar, the registers -were all on loose papers, and were lost by W. Reading, -vicar. (This Thomas Fox was appointed by Sir John Coventry, -K.B., in 1685). He was succeeded by William Reading, just -named; who was followed by Anthony Baker, appointed by Lord -Anson, 1753; George Blennerhaysett (also vicar of Saxilby) was -appointed by Thomas Anson in 1767; Bernard Cracroft (also vicar -of Bardney) was the first nominee of Edmund Turnor, of Panton, in -1778; William Mounsey, 1802; Washbourn Uvedale, 1832, who died -within the year; William Gurdon Moore, 1833; John Francis Wray, -1839; John Woodlands Watkin, 1852; William Lush, 1870; William -Bennett, 1881; J. A. Penny, 1888; A. R. Wilson, 1896; James Bryan -Turner, 1901.</p> -<p>We now proceed to treat of the Halstead Hall estate, in this -parish, formerly a distinct lordship. The earliest mention -we can find of this as a separate manor, is in the 13th century, -a deed of that period naming Roger, son of Roger de Stixwould, -and Sir Theobald de Stykeswald, knight: this Theobald also -witnessed a deed as “Dominus Theobaldus de Halstead,” -May 22nd, 1281. (“Linc. N. & Q.” 1897, p. -82). Their grandfather would appear to have been the Roger -de Stixwould who, with Gerard de Camvill, was sheriff of Lincoln -<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1190, and again -1192–1193. In the survey of the county, made between -1114 and 1118, Ralph de Stixwould is named as holding 1 carucate -and 4 oxgangs (180 acres) in Edlington, under Ranulph de Meschin, -Earl of Lincoln, son of the second Lady Lucia, already referred -to. We may therefore infer that these four generations, at -that early period, resided at Halstead, being designated -indifferently “de Stikeswald” or “de -Halstead.” We have then to pass over an interval of -more than 180 years, when, in 1465, a Richard Welby, of Moulton, -names Halstead in his will as part of his property. He was -sheriff in 1471, and M.P., 1472. We find a Chancery -Inquisition (18 Henry VII., No. 96) held at Spalding, 24 April, -1503, whereby it was shown <a name="page202"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 202</span>that Thomas Welby, who was sheriff -in 1492, died October 16, 1497, seised of the manors of Moulton, -Freeston, Sutton, Farlesthorpe, and Halstead, besides lands in -several other parishes. (“Architectural S. -Journal,” 1895, p. 18).</p> -<p>His will was dated Dec. 9, 1493; the executors being Sir -Edward Borough, knt., Sir G. Tailbois, knt. (a name, as we have -seen, already connected with this parish), and others.</p> -<p>He was succeeded in these possessions by his son and heir, -another Thomas Welby. In 1586, Vincent Welby, “of -Hawstead” Esq., is mentioned, along with Thomas Dighton, of -Waddingworth (another name already mentioned in connection with -Stixwould), Sir E. Dymmock, Sir G. Heneage, etc., as contributing -“horses and lances” for the defence of the country -against the Spanish Armada. (“Architect. S. -Journal,” 1894, p. 213). This Vincent Welby was son -of the above, second, Thomas Welby, <a name="citation202"></a><a -href="#footnote202" class="citation">[202]</a> by Dorothy, -daughter of Vincent Grantham, of Goltho, near Wragby, and of St. -Martin’s Lincoln; a name still surviving in good position -in the county. Vincent Welby also subscribed, in 1589, -£25 towards the loan for the defence of the country, along -with his neighbours, Robert Phillips, of Wispington, Robt. -Smithe, of Horsington, Willm. Heneage, of Benington, and -others. (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. -133).</p> -<p>In 1561, March 21st, Richard Welby, of Halstead, was granted -the crest of “an arm armed, the hand charnell (<i>i.e.</i>, -flesh-coloured or ‘proper’) yssving out of a cloud, -azure, in a flame of fire,” the arms are “sable a -fess, between three fleur de lys, argent,” with six -quarterings. This coat of arms is said to have been -formerly over a mantelpiece in Halstead Hall, but was removed, -several years ago, to Denton Hall. In the year 1561, this -Richard Welby, of Halstead, was Sheriff of Lincoln. There -are many entries of the Welbys in the parish registers of -Stixwould; the last of these occurs in 1598.</p> -<p><a name="page203"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 203</span>The -next who owned, and resided at Halstead, was Richard Evington, -who was buried at Stixwould. By his will, dated 22nd -January, 1612, he left his lands in Edlington and other places to -his two sons, Maurice and Nicholas, and bequeathed the sum of -£4 10<i>s</i>. “yearlie, at the discretion of my -executors, to the poore of Stixwolde, on the 25th March, and 29th -Sept.” This family did not, apparently, long remain -at Halstead, since we find entries in the Register of the death -of this Richard, 10 March, 1610; and the baptism of Maurice, son -of Nicholas Evington, 2 Nov., 1611; and we hear no more of them, -another family succeeding, of whom there are the following -mentions in the register:—“Mr. George Townshend -Esq<sup>r</sup>. died att Halstead and was buried att -Waddingworth on Wednsdaie <i>night</i> the 13<sup>th</sup> of -Februarie 1627,” and “Mr. Kirkland Snawden [note the -local pronunciation for Snowden] and Mrs. Townsend married the -25<sup>th</sup> of December being Christmas daie 1628.” <a -name="citation203"></a><a href="#footnote203" -class="citation">[203]</a> No reason is assigned for the -somewhat unusual burial by night (though still occasionally -practised), but he was probably a Papist, not entitled to burial -in a Protestant churchyard. Notice is specially drawn to -the second entry, by a hand with finger extended towards it, -sketched in the margin, implying probably some covert -allusion. This Kirkland Snowden was a grandson of the -Bishop of Carlisle, his father, the Bishop’s son, being -Vicar of Horncastle, the rectorship being vested in the Bishop of -Carlisle, who had a residence in Horncastle at that time, at the -back of the premises now occupied by Messrs. Lunn and -Dodson. Mr. George Townshend belonged to the Norfolk family -of that name, and left his Manor of Cranworth in that county to -his eldest son Thomas. This Kirkland Snowden is elsewhere -named Rutland Snowden. Their eldest son, Robert, had a -daughter Jane, who married Charles Dymoke of Scrivelsby, and -their eldest daughter Abigail, married Edward Dymoke, younger son -of Sir Edward Dymoke, 18 July, 1654, and was ancestress of the -Tetford branch of the Dymokes, now also (1904) of Scrivelsby.</p> -<p>After this the Gibbon family lived at Halstead, coming from -Tealby, and are supposed to have owned it, the baptism of -“John Gibon” being registered in 1666. Another -owner of Halstead was Sir John Coventry, Bart., <a -name="page204"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 204</span>who as -before stated, presented to the benefice of Stixwould in -1685. His sister married the 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, who -is said to have been entertained more than once with a large -retinue at Halstead. Sir John was the subject of various -attacks, for using offensive language concerning his eccentric -Sovereign, Charles II, asking in Parliament “whether the -King’s pleasure lay in the men, or women players” at -the theatres; in consequence of which “The Coventry -Act” was passed in 1671, making it felony to maim or -disfigure a person, and declaring the Sovereign incompetent to -pardon such offenders. Halstead, subsequently, became the -property of Sir William Kyte, or Keate; then of Lord Anson, and -his son Thomas Anson, who presented to the benefice in 1767, and -it was in 1778, bought by Edmund Turnor, Esq., of Stoke -Rochford. Having been the residence of these various owners -of wealth and position, we can hardly doubt that Halstead Hall -was formerly much larger then it is at present, and there still -remains, as a part of the farm buildings, a lofty structure with -stone-framed windows; the walls being of brick, smaller than -those of modern times, and relieved by diamond-shaped patterns of -black bricks, indicating a care and taste in the style of -erection, which would hardly have been bestowed upon a mere -barn. It probably dates from the 15th century. <a -name="citation204"></a><a href="#footnote204" -class="citation">[204]</a> The present Hall, probably -erected in the 16th century, is a two-storeyed structure; the -rooms not large, but lofty, their height on the ground floor -being over 10ft, and on the upper floor more than 13ft, with -spacious attics above, for stores; the walls are very -substantial, being 2½ft. thick; while the windows, with -their massive mullions of Ancaster stone, would indicate a much -larger building; and foundations of further buildings have, from -time to time, been discovered.</p> -<p>In recent times Halstead Hall has been chiefly remarkable for -the great robbery, which occurred there on February 2nd, 1829, -the details of which are so peculiar that we give them -here. The Hall was at that time occupied by the farming -tenant, Mr. Wm. Elsey, his wife, and servants. At 8 -o’clock in the evening, when the servant <a -name="page205"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 205</span>men went -out to “supper-up” the horses, they were attacked by -seven or eight men, thrown down, their legs tied, and their hands -secured behind their backs, and each was left in a separate stall -of the stable. The stable door was then locked, and one of -the gang was stationed outside to keep watch. The thieves -then went to the Hall, and knocked at the back door. One of -the servant girls asked who was there; when the answer was given, -“Open the door, Betsy.” She did so; when four -or five men rushed into the kitchen. One of the maids -escaped, and ran to the room where her master and mistress were -sitting. Mr. Elsey was smoking his pipe; Mrs. Elsey -preparing something for supper. She saved the silver spoon, -which she was using, by slipping it into her bosom. Mr. -Elsey seized the poker to defend himself; but, on seeing their -number, he prudently laid it down. They then rifled his -pockets, took his watch and money; also making Mrs. Elsey empty -her pockets. They then obliged the two to go into a large -closet, locked the door, and tied a hayfork across it. They -then collected what plate they could find, to the value of about -£30, and £50 in cash; taking also all the silk -handkerchiefs they could find. They then ransacked the -property, and made a hearty meal. Mrs. Elsey, in her -confinement close by, complained to them that she was very cold, -and begged them to let her out to get to the fire. -Accordingly, one of them brought her out to the fire; but seeing -that she was noticing them, he ordered her to go into the closet -again, giving her some of the overcoats, which were hanging in -the passage near. When they had got all they wanted, they -compelled Mr. Elsey to go upstairs, one walking before him, and -another behind, each holding a pistol. They then obliged -Mrs. Elsey to follow him. Having locked up the two once -more in the closet, the marauders went off with their plunder, -wishing them good night, and saying that, if any alarm was given, -they would return to retaliate. About two hours afterwards, -Mr. Elsey, with the aid of a knife and small hammer, succeeded in -making a hole through the brick wall of the closet, through which -one of the maids was able to thrust her arm and set them at -liberty. The only article recovered was a plated coffee-pot -found in Halstead wood, which the thieves had thrown away. -The footpath, outside this wood, passes near a farmhouse, and the -farmer named Sleight, heard the voices of the <a -name="page206"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 206</span>thieves as -they went by in the night; and some of them were found drunk by -the roadside next morning. An old woman still alive (1904), -and aged 93, has told the writer that she remembers this robbery -well; that two of the robbers were hanged together at Lincoln, -with a sheep-stealer “Bill Clarke,” the last time -that offence was punished by hanging; these two were known as -“Lister,” (others say “Tippler,”) and -“Tiger Tom”; <a name="citation206a"></a><a -href="#footnote206a" class="citation">[206a]</a> the latter was a -desperate character, and it was thought that no one would take -him; but two men, powerfully built and fearless, David English of -Hameringham, and a keeper named Bullivant, were set to the task, -and they succeeded in running their men down at “The -Bungalow,” a small public house on the bank of the Witham -at Boston. <a name="citation206b"></a><a href="#footnote206b" -class="citation">[206b]</a> Of the last hanged it is said, -that he was such a bad character, that his own mother foretold -that he would “die in his shoes,” and that, on the -scaffold, he shook off his shoes, in order to falsify her -prediction. One of them, who was transported for life, -leagued with two other criminals on board the same vessel, and -the three were caught in the act of attempting to scuttle the -ship, and were afterwards thrown overboard. As a tinge of -romance not uncommonly has attended daring exploits of this -character, it was remarked at the time that Italian banditti -could hardly have planned the robbery more cleverly, or carried -it out with more deliberate courage. Some mystery seemed to -hang about the apparent leader of the party, whose <a -name="page207"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 207</span>demeanour -was said to be above that of his temporary position; and one of -them, Timothy Brammar, was exalted into a hero, by being -celebrated in a ballad.</p> -<p>There are some rather singular field-names in this parish; as -“Bull-pingle,” to the east, one field from the road -to Horsington; “pingle” being a Lincolnshire word for -a small inclosure (Brogden’s “Provincial -Words.”) “The Devil’s Parlour” is a -triangular field, abutting on “The Monk’s -Drain,” adjoining the Bull-pingle. “The Coulter -Cast” adjoins Poolham Ings; it is a narrow strip, probably -difficult to plough; hence the names adjoining this, are the -“High” and “Low” “Priest’s -Fields.” All these fields are in the Halstead -manor. In Stixwould proper, is “The Field,” -<i>par excellence</i>, probably one of the earliest clearings, -and so named to distinguish it from the “Wood,” or -“Would,” the “Field,” was where the trees -had been “felled;” then there are the “Warren -Field,” “The Sykes,” “Hemp-yard,” -the “Town Close,” probably where the villeins had -right of common pastures. “Coney-Green,” like -the “Warren Field,” has a reference to the rabbits, -being the term used in Norman law, for warren, although in some -cases, like the “Coney-Garth,” at Bardney, or -“Coney-Green,” at Edlington, it means, probably, the -“King’s Enclosure.” Such names as -“Steer Piece,” “Ewes Walk,” -“Sheep-cote Lane” (<i>i.e.</i>, Sheep Bank Lane,) and -“Cow Legs,” speak for themselves. There is also -the “Mill Field,” although there is no tradition of a -mill having existed; possibly there may have been a mill in -connection with the drainage. At the junction of the three -roads, east of the village, the Roman “Trivium,” -formerly stood, what to the rustic offender was no -“trivial” matter, the village stocks, doubtless with -the usually concomitant “whipping post.” These -stood on what was called “The Town Mound,” which was -levelled about the middle of the last century, and is now only -represented by a triangular plot of sward.</p> -<p>Near the Witham, in a field south of the road to the ferry, -the Rev. J. A. Penny, late vicar, found fragments of -mediæval pottery, pieces of “puzzle jugs,” the -neck of a “pilgrim’s bottle,” &c., all of -which the late Sir Augustus Franks, of the British Museum, -pronounced to be Cistercian ware, being only found where -Cistercian houses have existed.</p> -<p><a name="page208"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 208</span>In -the church of St. Andrew, Woodhall Spa, is a sepulchral stone, -having a rather rudely-carved effigy of a lady, in the attitude -of prayer, holding a book between her hands. This now -supports the credence table, but it was taken from Stixwould -priory, and is commonly supposed to have represented the Lady -Prioress, or the Lady Lucia, the foundress; the latter, however, -was buried at Spalding, and would therefore hardly have an effigy -at Stixwould.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Stourton</span>.</h3> -<p>Stourton, called Stourton Magna, or Great Stourton, to -distinguish it from Stourton Parva, the hamlet included in -Baumber, is rather more than a mile, northward, beyond Baumber, -and five miles from Horncastle. This was formerly the -property, a sheep-walk, of the Premonstratensian Abbey of St. -Mary, of Tupholme, founded by Robert de Nova Villa or Nevill, in -the twentieth year of Henry III. (“Liber Regis,” -Bacon’s ed. 1786, p. 424). Dugdale states that he -held the lands of the king <i>in capite</i>, from the time of the -Conquest, with which he endowed that monastery. -(“Monasticon,” vol. ii., 596.) Land in this -parish was also granted by the Conqueror, to Eudo, son of -Spirewick, the founder of the Tattershall family. He held -five carucates, or about six hundred acres, beside a mill, and -190 acres of meadow. The powerful Bishop of Durham, William -de Karilepho, who was Lord Chief Justice under the Conqueror, had -also a grant of land in this parish, as also had Odo, Bishop of -Baieaux, and his vassal, Ilbert, occupied one carucate, or 120 -acres, with villeins, bordars, and socmen under him, occupying -480 more acres. The Saxon thane Grinchel also had here 360 -acres, valued in King Edward’s time at 40<i>s.</i></p> -<p>In the reign of Henry VIII. the family of Dighton, though of -mercantile origin at Lincoln, ancestors having been mayors and -sheriffs of that city, were landed proprietors in this -neighbourhood, one of them, Thomas, residing at Waddingworth; but -the head of the family was Robert Dighton, of Stourton Magna, he -married Joyce, daughter and heiress of William St. Paul, of -Snarford, which family became extinct on the death of Sir George -St. Paul, Bart., in 1613. Robert of Stourton, along with <a -name="page209"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 209</span>members of -the Heneage, Dymoke, Monson, Hussey, and very many other leading -county families, took part in the Lincolnshire rising, to protest -against the dissolution of the monasteries. A daughter of -Thomas Dighton, of Stourton, married Edward Clinton, of Baumber, -who subsequently became Earl of Lincoln. <a -name="citation209"></a><a href="#footnote209" -class="citation">[209]</a> The residence of the Dightons, -traces of which still remain in the moats and mounds, was -situated on land now belonging to W. H. Trafford, Esq., in what -is now a grass field, about a mile to the west of the present -Stourton Hall park and plantations, lying between the road, on -the north, from Stourton Magna to Minting and Bardney, and, on -the south, the main Baumber, or Horncastle and Lincoln, old Roman -highway. It must have been a building of some considerable -size; the moat, which enclosed nearly a square, the sides, just -under 100 yards long, is distinctly traceable, the whole of the -surface of the inclosure is covered with mounds or depressions; -there is an apparent opening in the middle of the south-western -side, and outside, to the south, are traces of a large stew-pond, -E-shaped, in length thirty-six yards, by thirty broad, with a -small pond, or reservoir behind it. A modern drain has been -made on this south-west side, probably to draw the water off the -moat, as these moats and ponds were periodically cleaned -out. A footpath, forming a short cut between the -above-named two roads, passes east of these remains, so that they -can be easily approached and inspected. This path branches -off from the Horncastle and Lincoln high road, at a gate nearly -opposite some cottages named the “Hungrum -Houses”. Sturton is believed to have been a Roman -station. It is close to the old road from Horncastle to -Caistor, both Roman towns.</p> -<p>The church, dedicated to All Saints, although a heterogeneous -mixture of a variety of styles, and for many years in a -dilapidated condition, has some very interesting features. -The vicar, the Rev. F. M. Blakiston, following up the efforts of -his predecessor, the Rev. E. B. Bland, is now (1904) raising -money to restore the fabric, and with Mr. J. T. Micklethwaite, as -architect, the result will doubtless be a creditable -structure. The cost of complete renovation is estimated at -close upon £2,000, so that the <a name="page210"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 210</span>work may probably have to extend -over some years. Although the aspect of the church has been -one of ruin and desolation, there are traces of the work of seven -centuries. Domesday Book mentions a church as existing in -Saxon times, but of that, nothing remains. The oldest parts -of the present fabric belong to the 12th century. At that -time the nave was two-thirds of its present length, and the -chancel was narrower. In the 13th century a north aisle, -with two arches, and probably a tower, with a third and larger -north arch, were added. In the 14th century a new chancel -was built, wider and probably longer. Then followed a -period of neglect and varied vicissitudes. In the 17th -century the chancel was shortened, and the present east wall cuts -away part of an eastern sepulchre, in the north chancel -wall. The north aisle was taken down probably about this -period. The upper part of the tower was removed, probably -early in the 19th century, as the bells, three in number, are -said to have been sold in 1810. The stones of the tower and -aisle were used for building two sides of the churchyard -wall. Nothing now remains of the tower, except the string -course at the top of the truncated basement, <a -name="citation210"></a><a href="#footnote210" -class="citation">[210]</a> which now forms part of the -nave. There are still stones of a Norman arch in the south -wall at the back of the modern porch. An original window, -small and much dilapidated, remains in the north wall of the -chancel, a larger one having been bricked up. There is a -priest’s door in the south wall. The westernmost -window in the south wall of the nave is a relic of the 14th -century, the renovation, being of floriated style, with two -lights. In the floor of what was the tower are portions of -stone, from the windows of the former aisle, much broken. -The rest is modern, as is also the roof of the nave. What -is now used as a font is really an old mortar, the old font in -Perpendicular style having been, it is said, sold about 40 years -ago, and removed to the garden of a <a name="page211"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 211</span>farmhouse in the adjoining parish of -Edlington, where it still remains. The furniture of the -church is of the 18th century, or later, but there is a good old -oak chest. On the western portion of the north wall is a -curious fresco, not probably of very ancient date, consisting of -a skeleton, and a winged figure rising from a sepulchral -monument, which bears an inscription, mostly illegible, -“Redeem the time, &c.” The chancel arch, -now almost ruinous, is part of the original building; south of -it, is a tablet, in memory of “William Settle, Clerk, who -departed this life, July 4, 1848, born at Urswick, in the County -of Lancaster, graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, aged 82, -and 52 years vicar of this parish.” The Settles have -a burial vault in the churchyard. The register dates from -1679. The name of William Vaux appears as vicar, from 1690 -to 1719. One entry is as follows:—“Margaret -Vaux the 21st child of William Vaux and Elizabeth his wife was -baptized y<sup>e</sup> 23 of October 1718,” and shortly -after, follows, in a different hand, “Mr. William Vaux, -vicar, buryed May ye 30, 1719.” The family would seem -to have continued to reside in the parish, for we find recorded -the burial of Mary Vaux, February 19, 1720; that of Margaret -Vaux, September 3rd, 1721; and that of Elizabeth Vaux, -“January ye 10, 1755.” Of the rest of the -numerous progeny of this fruitful couple no traces remain.</p> -<p>A small hamlet in this parish is named Lowthorpe, probably -from its position; while a farm, belonging to Mr. Robert -Harrison, of Horncastle, who is Lay-Rector, is named -“Sturton Stoup” farm. This name, however, has -no connection with the “Stoup,” or holy-water vessel -of the church; but “Stoup” is a Lincolnshire word, -meaning a post, or stake. The farmhouse was, within recent -years, a wayside inn, called “The Stoup”; and the -“stoup” was a post, or stake, planted in the middle -of an adjoining green lane to prevent its being used as a -thoroughfare. The parish was inclosed in 1778.</p> -<p>The benefice of Stourton was formerly in the patronage of the -Crown, and there was a Vicarage house, standing in its own -grounds, in what is now an open field, south of the -churchyard. This was demolished many years ago. The -Vicarage was united to that of Baumber, in the patronage of the -Duke of Newcastle, about the year 1870, the consolidated -benefices being now in the gift of the Lord <a -name="page212"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -212</span>Chancellor. They had, however, been held together -by at least three previous incumbents. The communion plate -is old, although only the chalice bears a date, 1648.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Tetford</span>.</h3> -<p>Tetford, which adjoins Belchford, lies to the north-east of -Horncastle, at a distance of about 7 miles; though a village with -a population under 500, it almost aspires to the rank of a small -town, as it possesses more than one street; has several shops, -and a number of fair residences. Letters <i>via</i> -Horncastle, arrive at 10 a.m. At the date of Domesday Book, -it was one of the limited number of parishes which then possessed -a church. Saxon thanes, by name Elmer, Arnwi and Britrod, -held lands here. Thomas, Archbishop of York, formerly a -Canon of Baieux, in Normandy, and one of the Conqueror’s -Chaplains, received a grant of land here from his Sovereign; and -we find his vassal, Gilbert, occupying under him two carucates -with eight villeins and seven socmen, who had two more carucates -(240 acres) among them. The Norman Gozelin, son of Lanbert, -also held land here, which was occupied by his vassal, Walter, -with five socmen, and three villeins. At a later date (13th -century) the family of De Hesele were proprietors in Tetford, and -benefactors to the church, also presenting to the benefice of -Somersby, as well as to that of Tetford (“Linc. N. & -Q.” 1894–5, pp. 228–29). Then we find the -Cormayles family holding lands here, and presenting to -Somersby. The Crevequers, and the Brayboeufs had the -presentation to a chapelry here, of St. Bartholomew, besides -owning land. After them followed the Barkworths, and to -them succeeded the Thimbelbies. In the Court of -Ward’s Inquisitions (3, 4, and 5, Edwd. VI., vol. v., 91) -we find Matthew Thimbleby, who married Anne, daughter of Sir -Robert Hussey, about 1521, seised of the advowsons of Tetford and -Somersby; and his widow married Sir Robert Savile, Knt., who -(through her apparently) was seised (according to Chancery -Inquisition, post mort., 28 Eliz., 1st part, No. 116) of the -manors of Tetford, Somersby, and several others. Sir Robert -disposed of some of the property thus acquired, selling Tetford -to George Anton, Esq., through whose <a name="page213"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 213</span>daughter Elizabeth, married to Sir -Edward Hussey, the property passed to the Hussey family, whose -head, Lord Hussey, of Sleaford, for his treachery at the time of -the Lincolnshire Rebellion, was attainted and executed, by Henry -VIII. A widow, Elizabeth Hussey, presented to the benefice -as late as 1690. For many years a branch of the Dymoke -family were located at Tetford, until, under the will of the late -Lionel Dymoke, they succeeded to the Scrivelsby property, and -removed to Scrivelsby Court. Sir Hugh A. H. Cholmeley is -now lord of the manor, but the principal landowners are Meaburn -Staniland, Esq., F. S. Dymoke, Esq., the executors of George -Westerby, and many small freeholders. There was formerly a -Tetford Literary Club, having as its members most of the gentry -of the neighbourhood; one of whom, Langhorne Burton, of Somersby, -celebrated the association in an amusing poem, of some 200 lines, -published in 1772. It is given in Weir’s History, of -date 1828. Dr. Samuel Johnson attended the meetings of this -club, when visiting the Langtons of Langton Hall; and he is said -to have played skittles at the White Hart Inn, in Tetford. -There are traces of an ancient encampment in this parish, -probably the scene of struggles between Britons and Saxons. -It lies between the two main streets, to the south, and on one -side is skirted by a beck which forms one of the feeders of the -Somersby stream, sung of by Tennyson as “The -Brook.” Here, Leland (“Collectanea,” vol. -i., pt. 2., p. 509) states that Horsa, brother of Hengist, the -Saxon General, was defeated by the Britons, under Raengeires; and -the name, like that of Belchford, would seem to be of British -origin; “Tat” being a Druid deity, and -“fford” meaning a road.</p> -<p>The church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a structure of Spilsby -sandstone, of some considerable antiquity, and of larger -proportions than most of those in the immediate -neighbourhood. For many years it has been in a sadly -neglected condition, although of late it has been somewhat -improved. It is capable of being made an edifice fully -worthy of divine worship. The Puritan square pews survive -for the most part; and a western gallery, or singing loft, now -disused. The nave has north and south aisles of three bays, -and a clerestory above. These, with the tower, are in the -Perpendicular style; the south aisle has some Decorated features; -and a lancet window in its <a name="page214"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 214</span>west end, in which a crocheted open -canopy has been introduced, tells of a still earlier -church. The north aisle was rebuilt on the old foundations -in 1826. The chancel arch has a continuous moulding, -without capitals. A closed arch in the north chancel walls -shews a former chantry on that side. The east window is -modern. There are traces in the south aisle indicating a -former chantry altar. The font is a plain octagon, the -basin relieved by foliage at each angle. On the south wall -of the nave is a monument to Captain Edward Dymoke, cousin to -Champion Lewis Dymoke, who died 1739; with breastplate and helmet -suspended above. There are three other Dymoke tablets; and -one to J. Emeris, Fellow of Corpus x<sup>sti</sup>. College, -Rector, and Head Master of Louth Grammar School. The tower -is massive, somewhat low, though well-proportioned. It has -small corner pinnacles, and immense gurgoyles. On the right -of the doorway, within the west porch, is a stoup, rising from a -stone bench. There are three bells; one weighs 1 ton, 1 -cwt., 3 qrs., 7 lbs., and has the inscription “Sancta -Maria, ora pro nobis”; the second bell weighs 16½ -cwts.; the third weighs 11 cwts., cast at Barton, by -Harrison. The Sanctus bell stands on the floor. One -of these bells is said to have formerly belonged to the church at -Fulletby, when there was a larger fabric there than at -present. In 1887 a Jubilee clock was put up, by -subscription, made by Messrs. Maddison and Blythe, of -Horncastle. In 1903 the present rector, the Rev. W. Wood, -inaugurated, by a bazaar, a scheme for the much needed -restoration of this church, in which, it is to be hoped, he may -be successful.</p> -<p>On the south side of the church is the base, and part of the -shaft, of a churchyard cross. Upon the former, several -shields are cut; one of these, within a quatrefoil panel, bears -three bars in pale, four mullets bendwise; and upon another is -the same bearing, impaling a cinquefoil, between 6 crosses -plain. These were the Thimbleby bearings.</p> -<p>Tetford has been the scene of traditionary witchcraft, the -following anecdote having been related by a quondam inhabitant, -whose widow still survives. It has some resemblance to the -story of the phantom hare at Bolingbroke Castle.</p> -<p>Once upon a time, there lived in Tetford an old woman -possessed of magical powers. It was said that she could -assume the form of a hare, and, emerging from her cottage <a -name="page215"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 215</span>through the -“cat hole” in the door, could roam the country round -at will. She had a son who was given to poaching. The -events on a particular occasion are recorded as follows: -“Two men are walking on the road from Somersby to Tetford -in the evening; one carries a gun. Just in front a hare -passes through the hedge, and comes into the road. -“Bang at her, Jack,” says Joe. Jack puts gun to -shoulder, and aims, but for some reason, does not fire. He -lowers his gun, then tries again, but with the same result. -“Dal it, Joe,” says Jack, “I cannot; summat -stops me. Tack thou the gun!” Joe seizes the -gun, but the hare is, by this time, nearly out of shot. -However, he fires, and exclaims, “Its noa goa, she’s -hit i’ the leg, but it woant stop her.” They -quicken their steps, lest the shot might have attracted a -keeper. Jack goes to the cottage where his mother lives, -while Joe goes to his home further down the -“street.” Jack goes to the pantry and empties a -very roomy pocket, inside his fustian coat, of its contents, we -will not say what. He brings out a mug of ale, and sits -down by the fire, to enjoy it. His mother is sitting on the -other side of the fire, rather doubled up in her chair, and with -a look of pain on her wrinkled face, “What’s up -Mother?” asks Jack. “I’ve a bad pain -i’ my leg,” she says, “it came on all of a -sudden, a few minutes ago.” “Rub it wi’ -some o’ them oils ye’ve got,” says Jack; -“Let’s hev supper, and then ye’d better goa to -bed.” “I’ve hed my supper,” she -says, “ye were so long o’ coming, that I did’nt -wait o’ ye, an’ I’ll goa to bed -now.” She gets up with difficulty, hobbles across the -room, and slowly mounts the “lether” (ladder) to her -bedroom. Jack gets his supper, and then goes out to the -ale-house not far off, for a final pot, and chat, before -“turning in.” There he meets Joe, and they have -a pipe together. In the course of conversation Jack says, -“Mother’s bad i’ the leg, she was ta’en -all of a sudden a little afore I comed hoam.” Joe -laughs, and says, “I’d upode it, she’s -bewitched hersen, instead of some un else.” Next -morning the old woman does not get up. She calls to Jack, -he goes to her, “My leg is worser, gie me some tea, and -then goa to the wise man at the town an’ ask him -what’s the matter wi’ me, for I feel that -queer. Get my stocking out o’ yon chest, and -I’ll gie thee a crown to gie him for his fee.” -To be brief, Jack attends to her wants, gets his breakfast, and -walks off some miles to the <a name="page216"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 216</span>neighbouring town. There he -has a jug of ale, to refresh him after his walk, and so goes to -the wise man. He finds him at home, and tells his -errand. The wise man takes him into a back room, tells him -to sit down, while he lays out a big book on the table, and opens -it at random. Jack cannot read, but he would not be any -wiser in this case, if he could, for the page is covered with -curious characters, which none but the wise man can read, and a -sceptic might suggest that he cannot either. The latter -then turns to a cupboard in the corner of the room, opens the -door of it, put his head inside, and <i>sotto voce</i>, mumbles -something. Having done this for a moment or two, as if -conversing with some “familiar spirit” in an unknown -tongue, he throws the cupboard door wide open, whereupon out -flies a large “bumble-bee,” which circles, buzzing, -round the room, and at length settles on the open book. The -wise man examines the particular letters, or characters, on which -the bee has settled. Having studied them carefully, he says -to Jack, “When did your mother first feel the -pain?” “Last night,” says Jack,” -afore I came home to supper.” “When did you -shoot that hare?” asks the wise man. “I did not -shoot a hare at all,” replied Jack. The wise man -consults the characters again, and then says “No! I -see you did not, but it was your gun that shot her.” -At this Jack is astonished, and tells the whole -particulars. The wise man says, “your good spirit -kept you from shooting, because she was your own mother, but your -mate shot her with your own gun. Don’t you know that -your mother’s a witch, and goes out as a hare whenever she -likes? Why, I heard of her running across the road in front -of a team of horses, in her form of a hare and they were so -scared that they nearly dragged the waggon into a dyke. -However,” he adds,” she’ll soon be well -again. Here’s the remedy: Catch a hedgehog, take a -comb, and with it saw off one of its legs, and tell her to rub -her leg well with the hedgehog’s leg, and the pain will -soon go.” Jack journeyed home in high spirits, taking -a pot or two on the way, by way of self-congratulation; and my -informant deponeth that all came about as the wise man -foretold.</p> -<p>Outside the boundary of Tetford, to the west, and strictly -speaking in the parish of Salmonby, a number of flint arrow-heads -have been found on Warlow farm, near a spot named “Warlow -Camp.” They are of a trilobite <a -name="page217"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 217</span>form, -finely chipped, and about one inch in length, three-quarters of -an inch broad at base. They belong to the neolithic period; -and from the very crisp character of the chipping, it is evident -that they have not been used; there was probably a factory of -such implements on the spot. Several specimens may be seen -at the house of Mr. Westerby, tenant of the farm.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Waddingworth</span>.</h3> -<p>Waddingworth is a small village, about 6 miles from -Horncastle, in a north-westerly direction, between Gautby and -Wispington. The church, dedicated to St. Margaret, is now -in a very dilapidated condition. The rectory is held at the -present time (1904) by the Rev. L. Dewhurst, along with that of -Gautby, where he has a fairly commodious house, with permission -from the Bishop to hold only occasional services at Waddingworth -Church, as that at Gautby is almost equally convenient for the -people of both parishes.</p> -<p>The register dates from 1640, but entries are found in the -registers of Baumber, for this parish, from 1695 to 1779. -At Bardney is the nearest postal and telegraph office. -Letters come <i>via</i> Horncastle. It is altogether a very -out-of-the-way spot.</p> -<p>The antiquity of Waddingworth is probably shown in its name, -which, according to some, consists of the Saxon -“Wodin” (or “Odin”), their God of war -(which name also appears in our Wednesday, or Wodin’s day), -and the Saxon “worth,” an inclosure, which also -appears in several place-names in the neighbourhood, as -Benniworth, Faldingworth, Hag-<i>worth</i>-<i>ing</i>ham. -The last of these names, however, suggests a derivation which I -am inclined to think more probable. Divide the name into -three elements, and we get wad, or “woad,” a plant -greatly valued by the Britons, who dyed their bodies with it (and -which name would continue through the Saxon period, as it does -still), and “ing,” Saxon for meadow, and -“worth,” Saxon for enclosure, the whole meaning an -“enclosed field of woad”; enclosed, doubtless, -because of the value of the woad. It is still a valuable -crop, and frequently mixed with the Indian -“Indigo.”</p> -<p><a name="page218"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 218</span>The -earliest actual mention of Waddingworth is in Domesday Book, in -which there are two references to it. In one of these we -are told that the Conqueror gave part of the parish to the proud -and powerful Bishop of Durham, William de Karilepho, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1082, who was also Chief Justice of -England. There were 4 carucates of land, <i>i.e.</i>, 480 -acres, rateable to gelt (a very small tax), the whole being 6 -carucates, or 720 acres, with 20 acres of meadow -(“ings”) and 25 acres of underwood. The other -notice is that the same amount of land was given by the Conqueror -to one of his distinguished Norman soldiers, Eudo the son of -Spirewic. Eudo, it will be remembered, was a comrade in -arms of Pinco, the latter of whom acquired large property in the -neighbourhood of Spilsby, and his descendants eventually became -the Lords Willoughby d’ Eresby (<i>i.e.</i>, -Spilsby). Eudo received the manor of Tattershall and -several others, one of these being a moiety of -Waddingworth. He was the founder of Kirkstead Abbey, which -he richly endowed. This leads to a curious -coincidence. Dr. Oliver, the learned writer of “The -Religious Houses on the Witham,” mentions that among the -possessions of Tupholme Abbey were lands in Waddingworth. -What more natural than that, in days when spending one’s -wealth on so-called religious works was a passport to heaven for -the giver, and for his forefathers or his descendants, Eudo -should have devoted some of his wealth to the Religious House at -Tupholme, as well as to the Religious House at Kirkstead? -Tupholme was founded by two brothers, Alan and Gilbert de Nevil, -in 1160, Kirkstead was founded 1139. At the dissolution of -the monasteries, Henry VIII. seized monastic property, and this -is why we find the King as Patron of Waddingworth in “Liber -Regis,” and also in much later authorities. It is, -indeed, now in the patronage of the Lord Chancellor, as -representing the crown. The Conqueror seized it by the -right of conquest; Henry VIII. seized it as the plunderer of -monasteries. This carries us down to nearly the middle of -the 16th century. There were, however, other small -proprietors who owned land, besides these two prominent -parties. At an early period, there is a “Final -Concord,” so called, or agreement, of the 13th century, as -follows:—“On October 19, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1200, Petronilla, the widow of -Richard de Waddingworth, claimed of Robert de Waddingworth, -tenant of a 3rd part, <a name="page219"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 219</span>viz., 20 oxgangs (or 300 acres), -with 6 tofts, in Waddingworth, besides lands in Bucknall and -Horsington, as her dower, given to her by her late husband, the -said Richard; and Robert surrendered all claim to the lands in -favour of the said Petronilla for her life, for which Petronilla -gave him 2½ marks.” After the dissolution of -the monasteries, though the crown retained the patronage of the -benefice, the land seems to have passed into several other -hands. In 1559, Roger Fulstow, of Waddingworth, claimed of -his sovereign, Queen Elizabeth, protection against the outrages -committed by the mad Earl of Lincoln, who lived at Tattershall; -and was well known for his violent proceedings towards the -Saviles of Poolham, and others. <a name="citation219a"></a><a -href="#footnote219a" class="citation">[219a]</a> He -(Fulstow) was afterwards sent on an embassy to the Landgrave of -Hesse. Macaulay, the historian, says that a Fulstow, of -Waddingworth, incurred the displeasure of Henry VIII., and was -punished, though he does not say how. This was probably the -same man earlier in life, and the employment of him, by -Elizabeth, shows that, having annoyed the father, he recovered -the favour of the daughter. But even earlier than this, -Thomas Dighton, of Waddingworth, gent. (son of Edmund Dighton, -and grandson of Robert Dighton, lord of the manor of Stourton) -was intimate with the Dymokes, and was visiting at Scrivelsby -Court at the time of the “Lincolnshire Rising,” -against Henry VIII. (otherwise called the Pilgrimage of Grace), -in 1536, which led to the merry monarch pronouncing his -well-known criticism on the men of Lincolnshire, that they were -“the most beastly in all the realm.” These -Dightons came of a mercantile stock in Lincoln, where they were -Mayors and Sheriffs, and amassed large fortunes. One of -them, Robert, of Stourton, married Joyce <a -name="citation219b"></a><a href="#footnote219b" -class="citation">[219b]</a> St. Paul (or vulgarly Sampoole), -daughter and heiress of William St. Paul of Snarford, who was -also involved in the Rising aforesaid; the chief member of the -family being Sir George St. Paul, who died childless in 1614, -when, with him, the family became extinct. <a -name="page220"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 220</span>In the -lists of those gentry who contributed to the defence of the -country, when the Spanish Armada was expected, are the names of -G. St. Paul, who contributed “1 lance, and 2 light -horse”; while Thomas Dighton, of Waddingworth, of that day, -contributed also 1 lance, and 1 light horse. In the year -1546, Robert Hoberthorn, a native of Waddingworth, became Lord -Mayor of London (“Weir’s History,” vol. i., p. -313.) We have an early presentation to the Benefice of -Waddingworth, in John Smith, clerk, appointed by Queen Elizabeth -to the Rectory, <i>vacant by the resignation of Thomas -Rumney</i>; this institution took place in 1563. <a -name="citation220a"></a><a href="#footnote220a" -class="citation">[220a]</a> This notice implies a good deal -more than it contains to the uninitiated. Thomas Rumney had -doubtless to resign, or rather was expelled from his living by -“the bloody” Queen Mary, because he was a Protestant, -and the living, like many others, remained for some years vacant, -until the Protestant Queen Elizabeth, succeeding her sister Mary, -had time to look about her, and she in 1562 filled the vacancy by -instituting John Smith.</p> -<p>In the Stixwould Register there is an entry relating to -Waddingworth, stating that Mr. George Townshend died at Halstead -Hall, and was buried at Waddingworth “on Wensdaie night, -the 13 of February, 1627.” The cause of this is -supposed to have been, that he was a Romanist, and therefore -could not legally be buried at a Protestant place of -worship. Mr. Rutland Snowden, and Mrs. Frances Townshend, -were married “the 25 December, being Christmas daie, -1628.” This looks rather as if, after a year’s -delay after the death of Mr. G. Townshend, to be respectable, -Mrs. Townshend, his widow, married Mr. Rutland Snowden. <a -name="citation220b"></a><a href="#footnote220b" -class="citation">[220b]</a> I find another record that Mr. -George Townshend of Halstead Hall, by will, dated 1627 (he -evidently dying rather suddenly) left his land in Waddingworth to -his second son, George, the executor being Nicholas Larke, parson -of Waddingworth. This Mrs. Townshend was the widow of an -Evington of Halstead Hall, so that she had three husbands, -Rutland Snowden being the last, and by him she had several -children. He <a name="page221"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -221</span>was the son of the Bishop of Carlisle. They -lived, it is recorded, at Horncastle, as they naturally would do, -the Bishop being then officially the Lord of the Manor of -Horncastle, having his episcopal residence near the present manor -house. He was buried at Horncastle in 1654, and his wife in -1658. Richard Evington, of Halstead Hall, according to an -old record, on his death in 1612, left 40<i>s.</i> to Abdeel and -Joel Larke, sons of the above-named Mr. Nicholas Larke, parson, -of Waddingworth. The will of George Snowdon, of -Waddingworth, was proved in 1704. He left his lands in -Waddingworth and Horsington to his nephew, Edward Dymoke, of -Lincoln, gentleman, and to his heirs. It is not clear who -this George Snowdon was, but Jane Snowden, granddaughter of -Rutland and Frances Snowden, married Charles Dymoke, of -Scrivelsby, and died childless in 1743; and Abigail Snowden, -daughter of the same Rutland and Frances Snowden, married Edward -Dymoke, younger son of Sir Edward Dymoke, of Scrivelsby, from -whom sprang the Tetford branch, who now hold the property of -Scrivelsby and the Championship; and so Waddingworth passed to -the Dymokes. There is still a tablet in the church of -Waddingworth referring to these parties. It is a slab of -black marble in the pavement, in the centre of the nave, and runs -as follows:—“Here lyes ye body of Edward Dymoke, -Esq., son of Edward Dymoke, of Tumby, in the County of Lincoln, -Esq., grandson of the Hon<sup>ble</sup>. Sir Edward Dymoke, -Champion of England. He married Mary, daughter and -co-heiress of John Lodington, Esq., <a name="citation221"></a><a -href="#footnote221" class="citation">[221]</a> relict of Captain -Booth, of Market Rasen, in the county of Lincoln, and died April -29, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1729, aged 78 years, -leaving Jane, his only surviving daughter and heir, married to -Edward Southwell, Esq. of Wisbeach, in the county of -Cambridge. Here also lies interred Abigail, daughter of the -said Edward Dymoke and Mary his wife, who died March 22nd, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1708, aged 17 years.” -Above this inscription are the crest, a sword and mantle, and on -the shield, two lions, crowned, passant. In course of time -the manor passed, through the above marriage, to Edward -Southwell, of the Trafford Southwell family, who now live at -Wroxham, in Norfolk, and who, with the Vyners of Gautby, own the -parish.</p> -<p><a name="page222"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 222</span>The -old Manor House, or Hall, stood in the centre of the parish, and -was at one time occupied by the Calthrop family, until they -removed to West Ashby Manor, near Horncastle; the last of them -residing there is remembered by the present writer, and there is -a memorial in Ashby Church of Richard Calthrop, an officer who -fell during the siege of Algiers. John Calthrop afterwards -removed to Stanhoe Hall, in Norfolk. The old Hall of -Waddingworth was a ruin 60 years ago, and afterwards pulled -down. The outline of it can still be traced. The -interesting old Rectory, of mud and stud, still survives as a -cottage, to the north of the churchyard. There is an -inverted base of a churchyard cross still remaining on the south -side of the Church. Over the west door, which is of the -Perpendicular style, but sadly dilapidated, is a reticulated -window, and above that, let into the wall, is an Early English -tombstone, or, more probably, a “consecration cross,” -carved as a “cross flory,” in heraldic phrase.</p> -<p>It is recorded that some ancient armour was some years ago -found in a cottage in the parish, consisting of the helmet, -breast-plate, back-piece, and gorget of a cavalier, probably a -fugitive from the battle of Winceby.</p> -<p>The Church, although now so dilapidated, was rebuilt in 1808, -the previous edifice having been a much handsomer and larger -structure.</p> -<p>There was a very remarkable case of robbery, which occurred -near this parish, on January 2nd, 1841, and which is recorded in -the “Stamford Mercury,” of March 12th, of that year, -with which we may fitly close our records of Waddingworth.</p> -<p>Mr. James Turner, a considerable farmer, of Waddingworth, -declared, on his own public affidavit, that he was attacked by -robbers when riding home from Horncastle market, for, be it -remembered, gigs were then little used; men rode to and from -market, and carried their wives behind them on pillions (as the -present writer has frequently seen, as a boy). To use Mr. -Turner’s words, he said, “When I had proceeded a -quarter-of-a-mile through the village of Thimbleby (which he -needs must pass), a little after 6 o’clock, p.m., I -observed three men, walking in the middle of the road, about 100 -yards before me. I was riding at a canter, as it was -moonlight. Two of the men walked in the ‘ruts,’ -on either side, and one in the middle. He was a little -behind the others, and he remained so, till <a -name="page223"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 223</span>I nearly -rode over him. I tried to turn out of the road, to avoid -him, but I then found he had seized my horse by the rein. -The two men said ‘good night,’ and I replied to the -same effect. I then said to the man, ‘What! Are -you going to rob me?’ He made no reply, and I struck -him with my stick on the head. The mare I was riding then -began to plunge, and the other two took hold of me, and dragged -me from my saddle. I lit on my feet, but the mare got -away. I struggled with the men, and got away from -them. The two stood on my left, and as I saw the third -coming in on my right, I struck at him, and he for the moment -gave way, but then, supported by the others, he again sprang at -me, and seized me by the collar (which in those days were -large). The three then threw me to the ground, and placed a -stick across my throat, and so kept me down. They hurt me -considerably, but I lifted the stick across my throat to my chin, -which was much bruised. They then tore my waistcoat open -and took from my pocket a book containing blank cheques and -memorandums, and my game license. On this, they began -muttering among themselves, and the one who first attacked me, -said, ‘Where’s your money?’ I threw -myself, as much as I could, on one side, to protect my -‘fob,’ but they tore my breeches open, and took from -my right-hand pocket two canvas purses, in one of which I had two -notes and some silver, and in the other £5 in gold. -They took all this, and an old-fashioned silver watch, and some -loose coins besides. I begged them not to murder me. -They took from my mackintosh a small bundle and threw it on the -road, which contained my banking book and memorandum book, both -of which I subsequently recovered. They then struck, or -kicked, me violently in the ribs, and ran through a gate into a -field, towards Edlington.”</p> -<p>Mr. Turner testified to his recognising the men, as it was a -moonlight night, and he had seen one of them before, in Bucknall, -an almost adjoining parish. Further evidence was very -strong against them. Anne Dawson, whose husband kept the -“Nag’s Head” Inn, at Bardney, proved that, -earlier on the same day, three men had called at the Inn, for -refreshment, and took the road for Thimbleby. Joseph -Aukland also testified that, in returning from Horncastle market, -the same evening, he saw the men only a few yards from the spot, -before the robbery took place. <a name="page224"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 224</span>At the “Ram” Inn, at -Stourton, three men called about 8.30 p.m., to have some ale, for -which they paid, apparently (as was noticed) having plenty of -money, and asked their way to Market Rasen. On the next -morning, Sunday, at 7.30 a.m., one of them entered the -“White Hart,” the leading hotel in Rasen, and had -refreshment. Later, two of them called at a shop at -Glentham, and produced two £5 notes (such as were -stolen). They were then on their way to Gainsborough. -They subsequently went to the “Dog and Gun” Inn at -that place, and the landlord changed a £5 note for them, -and a Mrs. Watson another of the same value. One of them, -next day, bought a new coat at Gainsborough, for £4 -13<i>s.</i>; one prisoner was taken at Lynn, in Norfolk, wearing -the said coat; and the others were subsequently captured, where -is not stated. The Judge pronounced the evidence to be most -decisive, and the sentence was “Transportation for -Life.” The victim of this outrage arrived at his home -late that night, in rather a sorry plight. I think readers -of this account will agree that Mr. James Turner made a very -brave stand against such odds. He must have been a powerful -man, as his son, Mr. Jabez Turner, certainly was in his -day. I have myself been inside the house, for refreshment, -of Mr. James Turner when shooting on the farm, but the robbery -took place before I was old enough to carry a gun. So end -our annals of Waddingworth, with not the least stirring incident -in its history.</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Winceby</span>.</h3> -<p>Winceby is situated about five miles south-east of Horncastle, -on the way to Old Bolingbroke. It is approached by a good -road, but leading up and down hills so steep as to render -travelling slow, either for man or beast. The village -itself stands on high ground commanding very extensive views; the -church of West Keal being a conspicuous object to the east; the -lofty tower of Boston looming in the distance, southward, many -miles away; Tattershall Castle and Church, the churches of -Coningsby, Heckington, and others in the Sleaford direction being -also visible, beyond the extensive tracts of fen barred by woods, -which intervene; while, on a clear day, the <a -name="page225"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 225</span>prospect -extends across the Wash to the low-lying coast of Norfolk. -Northward stretches a tract, less extensive, of varied, -undulating ground, with the wooded heights of Warden Hill, -Brinkhill, &c., forming the distant elevated horizon. -In early spring, or on a bright autumnal day, it would be -difficult to find a wider range of view, or more varied -colouring, to please the eye. The parish is small, being -but little more than 800 acres in extent, comprised in one large -farm, the homestead of which, a large, lofty, and somewhat -bleak-looking house, occupied by Mr. Edwd. Patchett, forms, with -its surrounding buildings and well-filled stackyard, a prominent -feature. Yet this humble village has had its associations -in the past of more than ordinary interest.</p> -<p>There are few parishes which have not some tradition connected -with the supernatural; and here, on the left of the road to -Winceby, in a hollow in Slash Lane, about half-a-mile before -reaching the village, there stood until recent years a large -boulder in the field close by. It was supposed to cover -hidden treasure, and various attempts were made at different -times to remove it, sometimes with six, or even eight -horses. At one of these attempts, his Satanic Majesty, -having been invoked by the local title of “Old Lad,” -appeared, it is said, in person, whereupon the stone fell back, -upsetting the horses. On another occasion a black mouse, -probably the same Being incarnate, in another form (compare -assistance rendered by a black mouse to the devil, in -Goethe’s Faust), ran over the gearing of the horses, with a -similar result. Eventually, as a last resort, to break the -spell, the boulder was buried, and now no trace of boulder, black -mouse, or Satan’s (Linc. “Samuel’s”) -foot-print remains.</p> -<p>Domesday Book records that the Saxon Agemund held lands here, -and in the adjoining Claxby Pluckacre; and that Walter, a vassal -of the wealthy Norman Gozelin, also held land and a mill of the -yearly value of 4<i>s.</i>, while the still more powerful Norman, -Hugh de Abrincis (Avranches, in France), Earl of Chester, also -received a grant of land in this parish from his uncle, William -the Conqueror. Of this “Baron bold,” we may -observe, in passing, that he acquired the surname of Lupus, or -“the wolf,” from his many daring deeds. In -addition to almost the whole of the county of Chester, which gave -him his title, he held about 20 manors in Lincolnshire, 22 in -Leicestershire, <a name="page226"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -226</span>12 in Norfolk, 32 in Suffolk, besides several more in -other counties. Indeed, so large were his possessions, and -so great his power, that the terms of the royal grant to him -stated that he held his properties, not “de capite,” -or “in chief,” of the Sovereign, as was almost -universally the case, but “tam libere ad gladium, sicut Rex -ipse tenebat Angliam ad coronam,” <i>i.e.</i>, as freely by -his sword, as the King did by his crown. It is recorded of -him, that he founded and endowed several monasteries, in England, -and elsewhere, “for the good and salvation of his -soul”; and it is näively added, that “if a tithe -of that be true which is related of him by the Chronicler, -Ordericus Vitalis (p. 787), he had needs enough to make some such -amends for his doings.” He, however, seems, in his -latter days, to have attained to a proper sense of his actions, -since he closed his career, after a long illness, by adopting the -tonsure, as a monk of the Abbey of St. Werberg, of Chester, in -his own Barony. Few of these baronial possessions, however, -remained long in the families of those favourites to whom they -were granted by the Conqueror, solely by the right of -conquest. It had been asked long before, even by a Jezebel, -“Had Zimri peace, who slew his master?” And -there were Norman Omris and Zimris. It was a matter of -natural, as well as of retributive justice, that, when the grip, -by which the strong held his own, lost its vigour, even the -strongest should make way for “a stronger than -he.” And although the proud Lupus lorded it over -demesnes in Hag, Salmonby, Tetford, Brinkhill, Langton, Greetham, -and in many another parish, beside Winceby, yet at a later period -we find another powerful family, the Gaunts, in the ascendant, -and the Duke of Lancaster, John de Gandivo, was “Dominus -Manerii de Winceby” (Harl. MS., Brit. Mus., vol. iii., p. -770); and Walter de Gaunt granted to the Abbey of Bardney, which -had been re-founded by his father, Gilbert de Gaunt, after being -in ruins some 200 years, the tithes of his Fee in Winceby. -(Dugdale’s “Monasticon” ed. 1682, p. -143). But not yet even was “fixity of tenure” a -feature of the times. Every dog has (only) his day; other -owners followed not now known, and Winceby is now also owned by a -name unknown to fame in the representative of the Hill family, -who purchased the estate from C. Manwaring, Esq. But the -Domus Dei should be a spot undesecrated by earthly <a -name="page227"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 227</span>broils, a -fold unviolated by “the wolf,” and although the -Church, erected at Winceby, possibly by the proud Lupus himself, -“for the good of his soul,” has, in its original -fabric, passed away, yet there still stands on the same site, a -place of worship, small indeed, but not unworthy of its holy -purpose. Dedicated to St. Margaret, the special Saint of -purity undefiled, <a name="citation227"></a><a -href="#footnote227" class="citation">[227]</a> it fitly stands on -an isolated knoll, which on one side looks down on a deep gorge; -with the few cottages of the, some 60, inhabitants clustering -near at hand; with the great farm house, Winceby hall, standing -out eastward, and the picturesque modern Rectory, peacefully -embowered in trees and shrubbery, one field away to the west, the -calm and comfortable retreat of the Rev. C. E. Bolam, Rector of -Lusby, the Rector of Winceby being the Rev. Brice-Smith, resident -at Hameringham.</p> -<p>Until recent years, the church had, in the course of time, -degenerated into a small, mean thatched edifice; but, during the -late incumbency of the Rev. William Wordsworth Talfourd, acting -in the spirit of that “high priest of nature,” whose -name he bore, the fabric was reconstructed in early English -style; the nave being built at the expense of the late Mr. -Charles Hill, of Winceby House, and the chancel by the -rector. It consists of nave, chancel, porch, and bell -turret. Its chief features are as follows:—In the -north wall of the nave are two pairs of narrow pointed windows, -within debased arches; the south wall has the same, with a porch, -having narrow pointed arch. The font, of stone, has a -circular bowl, relieved by four small quatrefoils, at the four -quarters, a circular shaft, and square pediment. The west -window is a cinquefoil, surrounded by eight small -quatrefoils. The pulpit and seats are of light deal. -The east window of the chancel, the gift of Miss Talfourd, is of -three distinct trefoiled compartments, of coloured glass, the -central one rather larger than the other two, and surmounted by a -quatrefoil. The subjects are, in the centre, the -Crucifixion; in the northern one, Christ blessing little -children; in the southern, the Last Supper. In the south -wall of the chancel is a single-light trefoil, window, with three -small quatrefoils above; <a name="page228"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 228</span>its subject being, Christ and the -Magdalen, or “Noli me tangere”; a brass tablet states -that this is “in memory of Frances Talfourd, March 9, -1862.” The sedilia in the chancel are of handsome, -modern, substantial oak. The roof throughout is of pitch -pine. The one bell hangs in a turret supported by eight -pilasters. The living is in the gift of the Lord -Chancellor. The register dates from 1579. Among the -entries are the following:—“1773, Thursday, June -28th, — Spenly buried. He was servant to Thomas -English, and instantly killed with thunder and lightening in the -house of his master, about 5 o’clock the evening -before.” In the two following, we do not see the -object of the financial computation, unless the party making the -entry was hypochondriac on the subject of £ s. d. -“1698 Mary daughter of Tho. Jeffery, ffarmer (not worth six -hundred pounds) and Anne, his wife, baptised, October -23rd.” “1699. A similiar entry of John -Bowsley, ffarmer, being not worth £600.”</p> -<p>The main interest of Winceby is as being the scene of the -decisive battle, commonly called “Winceby fight,” -between the forces of the Royalists and the Parliamentarians -which took place on Wednesday, Oct. 11, 1643.</p> -<p>We have only space here for a brief account of that -engagement, which was important in its effect. We quote -from a curious contemporary record, written by a Parliamentarian, -and who apparently took part in the events described. <a -name="citation228"></a><a href="#footnote228" -class="citation">[228]</a> The Parliamentary army, then in -the neighbourhood of Boston, after suffering a reverse near -Grantham, and gaining a doubtful victory at Gainsborough, had -been reinforced by Sir Thomas Fairfax; and Cromwell was also on -his way to join it, with a valuable body of horse. To -prevent this formidable combination, the Marquis of Newcastle -from the north, hurried towards Boston, and despatched Sir John -Henderson, to intercept Cromwell. Forces belonging to both -sides had been encamped, on the previous night, in Horncastle, -Thimbleby, Edlington, and neighbouring villages, where skirmishes -had occurred. The main body under Manchester, <a -name="page229"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 229</span>had moved -from near Boston to Bolingbroke, which was held by -Royalists. On the Monday night, Major Knight, in the name -of Manchester, had summoned the Castle of Bolingbroke (to -surrender); but was answered that “his bug-bear words must -not winne castles.” Whereupon Knight resolved the -next evening, to break open the Church doors, “and there to -mount a morter-piece, and fire the Castle.” But the -events of the next day prevented this. “Those of the -Castle (the Royalists), killed one or two of our men; and, as -Major Knight, and the Quarter-master Generall Vermeyden were -viewing of it, made some shots at them, and one of them hit the -said Quarter-master Generall a little below the ancle, but -pierced not the skin, only bruised his leg.” Seeing -that they were determined to resist, Manchester then moved to -East Kirkby; and his forces were encamped there, at Stickney, and -at different points around. Cromwell was encamped at -Winceby, in advance, with his “light horse and -dragooners,” where he passed the night. The -Royalists, under Sir John Henderson, pressed forward from -Horncastle, in order, if possible, to attack Cromwell, before the -main body had come up. But Cromwell did not object to hard -blows, and though his “horse were extremly wearied with -hard duty,” he calmly and sternly awaited the event. -“About twelve of the clock . . . we began to descry the -enemy coming toward us. So soon as our men had knowledge of -(this), they were very full of joy and resolution, thinking it a -great mercie that they should now fight. Cromwell led the -van.” He gave the watchword “Truth and -Peace,” and then gave out a Psalm; and his troops moved on, -singing it, to charge the foe. They sustained a hostile -fire along the whole of their line, but they rode on unshaken, at -full speed. A second volley, at close quarters, killed -Cromwell’s charger; and as he rose to his feet, “he -was knockit down again by the gentleman who had charged him, who -’twas conceived, was Sir Ingram Hopton;” and for a -moment he lay as slain. But he who, as a child, had escaped -death in the arms of a monkey, was not to be so easily -extinguished; he recovered consciousness, and mounted a -trooper’s horse; his opponent, Sir Ingram Hopton, was slain -in his turn; and “this first charge was so home-given (says -the Chronicler), and with so much admirable courage and -resolution by our troops, that the enemy stood not <a -name="page230"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 230</span>another, -but were driven back upon their own body, which was to have -seconded them, and at last put them into a plain disorder; and -thus, in less than half an hour’s fight, they were all -quite routed. Our men pursued, and did execution upon them -about five or six miles; all the way being strewed with broken -arms, dead men and horses.” Two hundred horses were -afterwards found left in Bolingbroke Castle, which had been -abandoned by the Royalists in a panic. Many hundreds of the -defeated fugitives rushed frantically into “waters up to -their arm-holes <a name="citation230a"></a><a -href="#footnote230a" class="citation">[230a]</a>; they that lay -slain in the highways were very many; and divers of qualitie, for -there were brave bodies stript naked. The number of horses -taken were about 2000, of prisoners about 1000, . . . of arms -1500, and not 100 of the enemie (’twas verily believed), to -be found in a body; of 94 standards 35 were taken, whereas (he -adds), wee but lost very few of our men, none of note, (and), wee -hardly found above one of our officers hurt.” With -the Puritan’s faith he exclaims, “God himself did it -all, taking away the enemie’s hearts, and giving resolution -and courage to our men; to him therefor be all the honour and -glory of this famous victory.” <a -name="citation230b"></a><a href="#footnote230b" -class="citation">[230b]</a> This was a greater blow to the -Royalist cause than has commonly been estimated. Hitherto -the struggle had been carried on with varied fortune, but as yet -the Royalists had had no reason to despair, and had even achieved -considerable successes. At Winceby it may be said, the tide -decidedly set in against them. The struggle was prolonged; -but Lincoln was taken by Manchester’s forces in the -following May (1644). In the same year was fought the -disastrous battle of Marston Moor; and the even more fatal fight -of Naseby in 1645. After that the issue was almost a -foregone conclusion. As to the actual scene of the fight, -the Royalists, from Horncastle, would seem to have advanced -slightly beyond the village, before they encountered the -enemy. The <a name="page231"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -231</span>name of “Slash Lane,” westward, still -surviving, tells its own tale of their wild flight towards the -town, which they had so lately left full of high hope. The -“clap-gate” farm at Holbeck, tells of hurried -movements in the dark hours of the night. The Winceby -registers record no increase of burials at the time. But -tradition avers that many were interred by the peasantry on -Scrafield hill-top. The one known burial is that of Sir -Ingram Hopton, whose body, by order of Cromwell himself, was -conveyed to Horncastle, that it might be interred in a manner -worthy of one, in whom he recognised “a brave -gentleman.”</p> -<h3><span class="smcap">Wispington</span>.</h3> -<p>Wispington is situated about 4 miles from Horncastle, in a -north-westerly direction; adjoining Edlington on the east, -Baumber on the north, Waddingworth on the west, and Horsington -and Edlington on the south. Letters arrive from Horncastle -at 9 a.m. The nearest money order office is at Horncastle, -and telegraph office at Baumber.</p> -<p>Like two of the parishes just mentioned as contiguous, the -name of Wispington contains the Anglo-Saxon patronymic -“ing.” A Saxon settler named Uisp, or Wisp, -probably took up his residence here; his children formed the -“family” of Uisp, or Wisp-“ing”; and the -settlement or enclosure, which they occupied, was the -Uisp-ing-town, or Wispington. <a name="citation231"></a><a -href="#footnote231" class="citation">[231]</a> Under the -ruthless rule of William the Conqueror, these early occupants -would be displaced, and their land given to some favourite of -that King; under whom possibly the late Saxon thane, and his -family, might, at least, be allowed to labour as serfs. -Accordingly we find, in the great survey made for the Conqueror, -called “Doomsday Book,” because it recorded the doom -of so many, whom he subjugated, or dispossessed, two mentions of -this parish. The first of these, places it amongst the -possessions of William de Karilepho, who had been Abbot of St. -Vincent, but was promoted by the <a name="page232"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 232</span>Conqueror to the Bishopric of -Durham, as well as being made Chief Justice of England. Old -Chroniclers say that he was a man of great determination, but -regulated by judgment; and he ingratiated himself with the King, -who gave him large possessions in Lincolnshire, and other -counties; a quarrel, however, with the succeeding King, Rufus, so -wounded his pride, that he died of chagrin. He held of the -King, a large part of this parish, viz., 4 carucates (or 480 -acres), 2 carucates of which were rateable to the tax called -“gelt” (2<i>s.</i> to the carucate, or 120 -acres). Wispington is there said to be “in the -soke” of Great Stourton, and Kirkby-on-Bain, <i>i.e.</i>, -within the liberty, or under the jurisdiction, of those -parishes. There was no resident proprietor at that date, -but 9 sokemen (or free tenants) and 6 bordars worked the land -under their “Mesne or Lord” the land being his -“de-mense” or domain, <i>i.e.</i>, Lordship. -The second mention of the parish in Domesday gives its whole -extent as 8 carucates (or 960 acres), divided between the -above-named Bishop and another of the Conqueror’s -favourites, not seldom named in these records, viz., Eudo, son of -Spirewic, Lord of Tattershall, who claimed, over the Bishop, the -lion’s share, namely, two thirds of the parish.</p> -<p>How long the Bishops of Durham continued in possession does -not appear, but in the “Lindsey Survey” (circa <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, 1114) Ranulph, Bishop of that See, -had 9 carucates of land (or 1080 acres) in Wispington, Kirkby, -and two other parishes; and, according to the old record, -“Testa de Nevill” (p. 335), the Bishop of that day -still held the same (circa 1214, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>); while in the 46th year of the -reign of Edwd. III. (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1373), on -the death of John Willoughby of Eresby, it is stated that he held -all his manors, among which Wispington is named, “of the -Bishop of Durham, by the service of being his steward, and -carrying to the table the messes of meat, on the day of his -consecration, and on the feasts of Christmas and -Whitsuntide,” so that, at that date, the Bishop would seem -to have been still the superior Lord of Wispington, as of the -other connected Manors. (“Fragmenta -Antiquitatis”; quoted “Linc. N. & Q.,” July -1896, p. 38).</p> -<p>After this period the ownership is not quite clear. But -this we can state. We have seen that Eudo, son of Spirewic, -owned two thirds of Wispington, by gift from the <a -name="page233"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -233</span>Conqueror. His son, Hugh Fitz Eudo, commonly -called Brito, founded Kirkstead Abbey, in 1137, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, and that religious house, at a -later period, became possessed of land in Wispington, and the -benefice thereof. But meanwhile the ownership changed more -than once. From the Lansdowne M.S. (207 e., f. 455) in the -British Museum, we find that Walter Bek, <a -name="citation233"></a><a href="#footnote233" -class="citation">[233]</a> who had come from Flanders, late in -the 12 century, married Agnes, daughter of Pinso, and became, -through his wife, Lord of Spilsby, Eresby, Lusby, Wispington, and -other parishes; so that Eudo, and his later representatives, seem -to have passed from the scene, and the successors of his quondam -companion in arms, Pinso, to have taken their place.</p> -<p>By a Court Roll (9. Richard I., <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, 1198), it appears that Philip, son -of Robert, “put in a plea against Henry Bek, for a -Knight’s fee,” <i>i.e.</i>, a certain portion of land -“in Tattershall, Wispington, and Kirkby.” -(“Architect S. Journ,” xxiv. pt. i. p. 39).</p> -<p>We further find, from “Testa de Nevill,” (p. 335, -“Wapentake of Horncastle,”) that Simon de Driby, -held, “of the Fee of Tattershall,” (circa <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1215), lands in Kirkby, -Waddingworth, Wispington, and other places under Robert of -Tattershall; the Wispington portion, therefore, was probably that -formerly held by Eudo.</p> -<p>When Walter Bek’s sons succeeded to his property, the -eldest, Henry, received as his portion the manors of Spilsby, -Scrivelsby, Wispington, etc. (Harleian MS., 3720, f. -23.)</p> -<p>With the beginning of the 14th century, another prominent -family is found connected with this parish. Sir William -Willoughby married Alice, daughter of John Bek, Lord of Eresby; -and a “Feet of Fines,” of date <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1304, (Lincoln, file 69, 31 Edwd. -I.) shows that a <a name="page234"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -234</span>law-suit arose between John Bek, plaintiff, and Robert -Willoughby, defendant, as to the possession of lands in -Wispington, Thimbleby, Langton, Woodhall, etc., and the advowson -of Wispington, which ended in a compromise, Robert granting the -lands and advowson to John, for his life-time, but to revert, on -his decease, to Robert and his heirs for ever. -(“Architect S. Journal,” xxiv. p. 52). The -manor and advowson of Wispington thus passed to the ancestors of -the Lords of Willoughby. In the next century, we find these -transferred to Kirkstead Abbey, as shown by the following entry, -in the “Kalendar of Patent Rolls -1399–1401”:—“1401, April 20. -Licence paid in the hanaper for Philip de Dispenser, Knight; -James Roos, knight; Eudo de Zouche, clerk; Richard de Wynnewick, -clerk; Richard de Chesterfield, clerk; Henry Malbys, parson of -the Church of Wylughby; and Thomas Fitz William of Mablethorpe, -to grant in mortmain a toft and 4 bovates of land, in Wyspyngton, -and the advowson of the Church of the same town, not held in -chief, to the Abbot, and Convent of Kirkstede, in aid of their -maintenance.” (p. 477). <a name="citation234"></a><a -href="#footnote234" class="citation">[234]</a></p> -<p>This was further confirmed, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1401, May 2, with the addition that the “Abbot and Convent -of Kirkstede” might “serve the Benefice by a -Chaplain, Monk, or Secular” (pp. 278, 279).</p> -<p>We are, after this period, unable to give (as has been done in -the cases of some other parishes), a connected series of -proprietors. There are however, various scattered records -of individual owners, which possess some interest. In a -Bardney Abbey Charter, lately recovered by the Rev. J. A. Penny, -the present Vicar of Wispington, Thomas Sely of Wispington, and -Henry son of Andrew, of the same place, are witnesses to a deed, -of date May 22, 1281, signed in the Chapter House of that -Monastery, “on the <a name="page235"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 235</span>Sunday next after the Ascension of -our Lord,” by which the Abbot of that House gives up for -himself and his successors, all claim to his bondman, William, -son of Peter Hardigray, with all his goods and chattels, in -favour of Thomas Thorley of Gautby. It is worthy of notice, -that, by another charter, this same Thomas Thorley, of Gautby, -grants to the above William Hardigray, no longer a bondman, but -Rector of Mareham, certain lands and tenements in the adjoining -parish of Edlington. The two were, therefore, evidently -close friends. This deed is witnessed by Henry, son of -John, of Wispington, Simon Francis, of Edlington, William son of -Master Bartholomew, of Thimbleby, and others.</p> -<p>By a third charter, dated at Edlington, the day of Mercury -(Wednesday) next after the feast of St. Michael, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1285, William, son of William of -Wispington, gives, grants, and confirms, to the same William -Hardigray, now of Edlington, clerk, a toft with the tenements -thereon, situated in Edlington, for which he is to pay annually -the rent of one farthing, at the feast of Easter. <a -name="citation235"></a><a href="#footnote235" -class="citation">[235]</a></p> -<p>Among Gibbons’ “Early Lincolnshire Wills” -(pp. 35, 36.) we find, that Henry de Brauncewell, Canon of -Lincoln, by will in 1395, leaves money to his poor parishioners, -at Wispington, Leasingham, St. Peter’s at Arches, and -elsewhere.</p> -<p>We now get another name, which was one of weight in this -parish and elsewhere for many years. Among the list of -noblemen and gentry, who subscribed for the defence of the -country, when the Spanish Armada was expected, in 1589, we find -the name of “Roberte Phillippes, of Wispington,” who, -like his neighbour Vincent Welby, of Halstead Hall, contributed -£25, which was a large sum in those days. -(“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. 133). In the -next century, among the list of gentry of Lincolnshire, made on -the Herald’s Visitation, in 1634, along with the well-known -names of Heneage, Pelham, Massingberd, Monson, &c., we also -find Robert Phillips, of Wispington. (“Linc. N. & -Q.” vol. ii., p. 73).</p> -<p><a name="page236"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 236</span>This -family, which afterwards by marriage acquired the name of Glover, -<a name="citation236"></a><a href="#footnote236" -class="citation">[236]</a> possessed property outside of -Wispington, for we find from a bond dated October 25, 1735, that -disputes having arisen as to the boundary of the estate of -Phillips Glover, at Walmsgate, and that of the estate of Matthew -Lister, of Burwell Park, adjoining it, the two proprietors agreed -to place 12 stones, in the presence of witnesses, to fix for the -future the line of separation between the properties. -(Notes on the Manor of Burwell, by R. W. Goulding; -“Architect. S. Journal,” xxiv., pt. i., p. 91.) -Other records in connection with this family, are as -follows:—</p> -<p>(1.) Walter Harpham, by his will dated 10 Feb. -1607–8, leaves the reversion of £100 to Alice -Phillips, his daughter, and £300 to his granddaughter, -Elizabeth Phillips, and to his grandson, Willoughby Phillips, -£100, and makes his son-in-law, Thomas Phillips, -executor. (Maddison’s “Wills of -Lincolnshire,” 1600–1617, p. 180).</p> -<p>(2.) John Holland, of Hemingby, by will, of date 15 -Sep., 1608, leaves 20s. to Mr. Stephen Phillips, of Wispington, -for supervising his will. (Maddison’s “Wills of -Lincolnshire,” 1600–1617, p. 27.)</p> -<p>(3.) Margery Neale, of Horncastle, by her will, dated -July 10, 1611, leaves to Jane Phillips, wife of Vincent Smithe, -£6 in money, herself to keep £3 of it, and to give -£3 to her daughter Elizabeth, “my -Goddaughter.” (Ibidem, p. 51.)</p> -<p>In the Register of Admissions to Gray’s Inn, London -(edited by J. Foster, 1889), “Robert Phillips, of -Wispington, Co., Lincoln,” is named as a student -“admitted Feb. 7, 1653–4.”</p> -<p>Phillips Glover, Esq., of Wispington, or Colonel Glover, -married, circa. 1790, being then resident at Stainfield, Rebecca, -eldest daughter of Mr. William Jepson Proctor, Chapter Clerk, -&c., of the Bail, Lincoln, and sister to the Rev. George -Jepson, M.A., Prebendary of Lincoln, 1781–1787. -(“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. 150).</p> -<p><a name="page237"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -237</span>Colonel Glover had a daughter, who married Robert -Vyner, Esq., of Eathorpe, Co. Warwick, and had a numerous -family. He, or more probably his father, was Sheriff of the -county of Lincoln, in the year 1727. Early in the 19th -century was issued a large mezzotint portrait of Phillips Glover, -Esq., of Wispington, described “as a steady disinterested -friend, who never courted popularity, but was ever deserving of -it.” (“Linc. N. & Q.” vol. ii., p. -87). The Glovers, or Phillipses, were patrons of the -Benefice; John Phillips, according to “Liber Regis,” -presenting in 1707, and Mrs. Glover in 1755. In 1769, -“pro hac vice,” Henry Martinson, Gent., presented, -having doubtless bought the next presentation, since we find his -relative John Martinson, instituted to the vicarage at that -date. On his death a Glover presented for the last time, -the entire property being subsequently sold to Mr. Turnor, of -Stoke Rockford, Panton, &c.</p> -<p>The Glovers, and Phillipses, had a fine residence here, of -which extensive traces still remain, in moats, fish ponds, and -terraced mounds, some 500 yards in length, and covering 5 or 6 -acres. The series of ponds and moats are arranged so as to -curl about in a curious serpentine shape, forming the outline of -a snake with double head. This apparent survival of an old -serpent worship, is not unusual in such ancient places as Abury -Hill, on Salisbury Plain; Stanton Drew, in Somersetshire; Carnac, -in Brittany; &c. (Dean’s “Worship of the -Serpent,” 1833); but here it would seem to indicate a -greater antiquity than the time of the Glover family. The -gardens, and “pleasaunce,” surrounding the residence, -must have been very extensive; the farmhouse, now occupied by Mr. -Andrew Evison, was part of this residence, and there is some old -brickwork among the farm buildings, said to have been part of a -private chapel. <a name="citation237"></a><a href="#footnote237" -class="citation">[237]</a> To the east was an avenue of -fine trees, of great age, which were felled in the first half of -the 19th century. The family continued at Wispington down -to recent times, though in greatly reduced circumstances, the -last of them being the Rev. Robert Glover, vicar of the parish -from 1795 to 1838. He died leaving a numerous <a -name="page238"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 238</span>family, -scantily provided for. <a name="citation238a"></a><a -href="#footnote238a" class="citation">[238a]</a> During his -time the church and parsonage would seem to have participated in -the dilapidated condition of his own fortune, and in the Register -we find the following note, in his own hand:—“The -chancell of this church fell in, on Friday the 22 day of -November, 1833, about 9 o’clock at night, R. Glover, -vicar.”</p> -<p>We now proceed to the church. Both Weir and Saunders -state that the edifice, in their day, was without interest. -The late Rev. Charles Pratt Terrott, who was appointed to the -vicarage, in 1838, by Mr. Christopher Turnor, took down this -decayed structure, and erected an entirely new church; and, being -well-known as an archæologist of wide learning, and -cultivated tastes, <a name="citation238b"></a><a -href="#footnote238b" class="citation">[238b]</a> with the aid of -the architect, Mr. G. B. Atkinson, of York, he produced a church, -which, though small, as the population only required, is one of -unusual interest. It was erected in 1863. In the -process of demolition of the former church, two late Norman -capitals cut from one stone, <a name="citation238c"></a><a -href="#footnote238c" class="citation">[238c]</a> were discovered, -indicating that there had, at one time, been a Norman edifice -here; and, from other relics, it was apparent that this early -structure, had been either rebuilt or added to in the 13th -century. That building, however, had in turn been -superseded by a wretched fabric of no architectural pretensions, -now, happily, gone the way of its more worthy predecessors. -The present church, dedicated like so many others in the -neighbourhood to St. Margaret, is of the Early English style, and -consists of a tower with spire, nave, south porch, chancel, and -vestry on the north <a name="page239"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 239</span>side of the chancel, from which, for -economy of space, access is had to the pulpit, standing in the -north-east corner of the nave. The nave has coupled lancet -windows in the north and south walls; there are detached lancet -windows, with a trefoiled light above them, in the west tower -wall; and a triplet at the east end of the chancel, and two -single lights in its south wall. The tower and spire are -almost a copy of the small but elegant spire of Woodhall St. -Margaret. It is supported within by the rather unusual -arrangement of a narthex or arcade of three arches, and two -pillars, instead of the more common single arch. The walls -are relieved by coloured patterns running round the windows, and -various devices elsewhere, which have a very pleasing -effect. The roof of the nave is supported by corbels -bearing the symbols of the Evangelists. The pulpit is of -Caen stone, with coloured marble shafts, the panels having -sculptures, the work of Mr. Terrot, assisted by Mr. Watson Moore, -of Horncastle; they represent the Nativity, Nathan and David, and -the return of the Prodigal. The font, of the same -materials, is adorned with medallions, also carved by the -reverend artist, representing the animals mentioned in the New -Testament, arranged in groups and intermingled with -foliage. Mrs. Terrot’s artistic skill is also shown -in the carving of the figure of St. Margaret, placed above a -dedication stone in the western wall of the nave, and in various -bosses and capitals, as well as in the oaken eagle lectern. -The paving of the nave alley is of red and black tiles; that of -the chancel of Minton’s encaustic tiles, their richness -being increased within the altar rails. The reredos is of -the same material, but differing in character. The subjects -in the coloured east window, by Messrs Ward and Hughes, are -scenes from our Lord’s life on earth; and in the western -window, are the figures of St. Margaret, and St. John the -Baptist, by the same artists. These were provided through -the efforts of Mrs. Terrot, who also obtained the 3rd bell to -complete the set. The three bells bear the following -inscriptions:—(1) “Ave Maria Graciæ -Plena” (diameter 26¾ inches); (2) “Cast by -John Warner and Sons, London” (diameter 28 inches); (3) -“Sancta Maria Ora Pro Nobis” (diameter 36¾ -inches). It is curious that the only bells in a minor key, -in this neighbourhood, are those of Baumber and Wispington, -contiguous parishes.</p> -<p>Between the font and the west window is a blue slate <a -name="page240"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 240</span>slab, -having the inscription “Here lyeth the body of Robert -Phillips, gentleman, who departed this life, the 24th day of -June, 1668.” On the south side of this stone, close -to it, lies the body of Phillips Glover, Esq. On a white -marble monument on the north wall of the chancel, are the arms -and crest, of the Phillips family; crest, a white eagle, with -blue crown round its neck, on a hemlet, mantled, the visor -closed; arms, azure, party per chevron, argent, three white -eagles with azure crowns round their necks passant, 1 and -2. Below is the inscription:—“To the memory of -John Phillips, Esq., this monument is dedicated by his nephew and -heir, Phillips Glover, Esq. He was the second and last -surviving son of Robert Phillips, Esq., who lies buried in this -chancel. He died unmarried on the 19th of February, -1719–20, aged 62, and in him his family was extinct. -In memory of Phillips Glover, Esq: He married Mary daughter and -heiress of Richard Lee, Esq., of Winslade, in Devonshire, and -left two children, Phillips and Mary. He died, June 28, -1745. Veri cultor et Libertatis. This inscription by -his order.”</p> -<p>Opposite this monument is one of white marble, on the south -side of the chancel, behind the desk. The arms and crest -are the same, with this inscription:—“Near this place -lyeth ye bodye of Robert Phillips, Esq., who departed this life, -ye 24th of June, 1668. And of Stephen Phillips, Esq., -eldest son of Robert, who departed this life, ye 9th of Feb., -1682–3. And of Robert Phillips, of London, Goldsmith, -third son of Robert Phillips, who departed this life, the 12 of -December, 1707. And of Benjamen Phillips, merchant, fourth -son of ye above said Robert, who departed this life, Aug. ye 8th, -1715, æt 49.”</p> -<p>Over the instruments of the Passion, in a medallion above the -vestry door, in the chancel (which are really the masonic signs -of a Knight Templar’s encampment, <a -name="citation240"></a><a href="#footnote240" -class="citation">[240]</a>) is a tablet with this -inscription:—“To the memory of the Rev. Robert Merony -Glover, who was upwards of 43 years vicar of this parish. -He died Feb. 8th, 1838, aged 62 years. He was the poor -man’s friend. Also of Ann, relic of the above Robert -Merony Glover, whose remains are interred in the family vault of -her parents, at Horncastle. Four of their children rest in -this chancel. This tablet is consecrated by the -affectionate and grateful survivors.”</p> -<p><a name="page241"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 241</span>In -the vestry, on a tablet on the north wall, is this -inscription:—“Sacred to the memory of the Rev. John -Martinson, late vicar of this church, and rector of Screamby, who -departed this life, the 16th of July, 1788, aged 51 -years.” An incised slab, now in the floor of the -vestry, but whence removed is not known, has an inscription to -John Hetherset, “Rector,” in 1399. The figure -is habited in full canonicals, even to the gloves.</p> -<p>The benefice is now only a “vicarage”; but the -explanation of this difference is, that, at that date, just -before the advowson was given to Kirkstead Abbey, it was a -rectory. When the rectorial tithes passed to the abbot, the -incumbent became the abbot’s vicar.</p> -<p>In the south-east corner of the churchyard, is a tombstone -with the inscription:—“In memory of the 18 children -of George and Mary Hannath, who all died in their infancy, -1831–1855. <a name="citation241"></a><a href="#footnote241" -class="citation">[241]</a> He shall gather the lambs in His -arms, and carry them in His bosom.”</p> -<p>One of the double lancet windows in the nave, nearest the -pulpit has been, within recent years, filled with coloured glass -in memory of the Rev. C. P. Terrot, by his widow. The -subjects are four:—(1) Bezaleel carving cherubim on the -altar, and overlaying them with gold; (2) Aholiab, the cunning -workman, looking at his work; (3) our Lord as a youth, working at -his trade of carpenter; (4) a medieval priest, presenting before -the altar, a small church, which is held in his hands. The -two small lancets in the south wall of the chancel have stained -glass to the memory of Colonel Charles Terrot, eldest son of the -Rev. C. P. Terrot. The subjects are two:—(1) Samuel -presented by Hannah in the Temple; (2) Joshua commanding the sun -to stand still. The small window over the font was -presented by Miss Terrot, the subject being the Holy Dove -hovering. Recently Mrs. Terrot presented to the church a -casket, containing an account of the restoration, and contents, -of the church, beautifully bound. This is kept on a bracket -in the east wall of the nave, opposite the pulpit.</p> -<p><a name="page242"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 242</span>We -give here a list of the vicars of this parish during the last two -and a half centuries. William Azlack, 1662–1670; John -Smith, 1670–1707; Thomas Doughty, 1707–8–1754; -J. Carr, 1754–1769; John Martinson, 1769–1788; -William Chaplin, 1788–1795; Robert Merony Glover, -1795–1838; C. P. Terrot, 1838–1886; Beauchamp St. -John Tyrwhitt, 1886–1890; F. S. Alston, 1890–1896; -James Alpass Penny, 1896.</p> -<p>We have mentioned that the Glovers became very much reduced in -pecuniary means; when the Rev. Robert Merony Glover, died in -1838, he left the church, vicarage, and farmstead adjoining, -almost in ruins; and we think it should not go unrecorded, that -the Rev. Charles Pratt Terrot, who succeeded him, declined to -accept any compensation for these dilapidations, as the Glover -family were so poor.</p> -<p>An ancient font was placed in the church, June 2nd, 1841, -having been removed from the ruins of an oratory in the garden of -Poolham Hall. This is now the font in the church of -Woodhall St. Margaret, being placed there by the vicar, the -present writer. It is supported by 4 columns of serpentine, -the gift of the Rev. J. A. Penny, of Wispington.</p> -<p>The register dates from 1662. Some of the entries are -peculiar. From 1662 to 1667, the entries of baptisms -regularly alternate between children of William Azlack, clerk, -and Mary, his wife, and those of Robert Phillips, Esq., and Mary, -his wife; vicar and squire thus running each other “neck -and neck” in their progeny, a competition which curiously -is terminated by the demise of the vicar’s wife, buried May -10th, 1668, and that of Mr. Robert Phillips, six weeks later, who -was buried June 26th, 1668.</p> -<p>On “Oct. 18th, 1682, Mr. Philip Ormston, rector of -Skremby, was buried” here. Why he was brought to -Wispington for burial does not appear, unless his Christian name -indicates relationship to the Phillips family.</p> -<p>On Oct. 27th, 1692, is registered the marriage of “John -Spennly, weaver, and Isabel Hawstead, spinster.” The -latter, doubtless derived her name from the neighbouring hamlet -of Halstead, in Stixwould, still pronounced -“Haw-stead.” The addition of -“weaver” to the husband’s name is interesting, -as evidence of a bygone craft. Weaving and spinning were at -that time a common occupation of the <a name="page243"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. 243</span>humbler classes. <a -name="citation243"></a><a href="#footnote243" -class="citation">[243]</a> The epithet -“spinster” we still retain, of the woman to be -married, but the term “weaver” for the man is now -obsolete. The Rev. J. A. Penny has part of a blanket, which -was woven by the great grandmother of a parishioner in -Wispington, now 60 years of age.</p> -<p>In 1792, we find “Bartho (Bartholomew) Goe” -signing as curate; a patronymic which, until recently, survived -in the neighbourhood. Among a list of the Vicars of Boston, -Bartholomew Goe is given as appointed in 1817 (Thomson’s -“Boston,” p. 86). It may also be noticed that -on “July 16th, 1788, John Martinson, vicar, was -buried”; the next entry recording the burials of his -posthumous son, John, aged 8 weeks, on March 17th, 1789; while -the next entry again records the burial of his relict, Mary -Martinson, Sept. 21st, 1791.</p> -<p>On Nov. 2nd, 1710, “William Peascodd of this parish, and -Amy Todd of ye parish of Bardney, were married”; in -connection with which entry, we may mention, that there is in -Boston Church, within the altar rails, on the north side, a fine -brass of “Walter Peascod, merchant, 1398.”</p> -<p>Opposite several of the names in the register, both in the -17th and 18th centuries, are appended curious -“hieroglyphic” signs, the meaning of which is, at the -least, obscure.</p> -<p>Of the communion plate, the cup and paten are dated 1712, -presented by John Phillips, Esq.</p> -<p>A group of trees in this parish is named “Barrow -Plantation.” Whether there existed formerly a -sepulchral barrow, which gave rise to the name, is not known; the -explanation given by the modern bucolic mind is that the spot is -haunted by a spectral wheelbarrow.</p> -<p>A tradition lingers here that, in the 18th century, a duel was -fought, around which the usual accretions have clustered; that -the combatants were two brothers, who were attached to the same -“ladye fayre”; that one killed the other; that they -fought in the avenue near the former hall of the Glovers; while, -in a pannelled bedroom at the adjoining hall farm, there is still -preserved a cupboard, which has not been opened for many years, -as it is supposed, in some way, to be connected with “the -green <a name="page244"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -244</span>lady” (such ladies are usually -“green”), who was the cause of the quarrel. -Careful enquiry, however, has ruthlessly swept away all of the -accumulated romance of this incident, and the bare facts are -found to be as follows, for which, it should be added, the writer -is indebted to a MS. in the possession of Captain Craggs, of -Threekingham Hall, confirmed by the “Gentleman’s -Magazine” of 1760, p. 246.:—Thursday, May 1st. -The combatants were Major Glover, of Wispington, of the -Lincolnshire Militia, and Mr. Jackson, an apothecary, of -Manchester. “At a rehearsal, at the playhouse, in -that town, Mr. Jackson came behind the Major, and struck him on -the back, seemingly in joke, upon which the Major turned about -and with a switch struck Jackson, saying, also in joke, -‘What! Jackson, is it you?’ On this -Jackson, in a great passion, said ‘D—n you, sir, -although you are a Major, I will not take this from -you.’ The Major, surprised at this, replied, -‘Why, what can you mean? I was only in joke, as well -as yourself.’ But Jackson persisted in his anger, and -said he insisted on satisfaction. The Major was not able to -pacify him by saying that he meant no affront. But Jackson -insisted on fighting him with swords. They went to a -coffee-house, and there, in a back room, they fought. The -Major ran Mr. Jackson through the body, after which, on the -former leading Mr. Jackson through the coffee-room for -assistance, Mr. Jackson, owned, before several witnesses, that it -was entirely his own fault, and that he had been wounded by the -Major in a very fair and gentlemanlike manner; and that, if he -died, he entirely forgave the Major.”</p> -<p>The unfortunate Mr. Jackson would seem to have incurred the -fatal penalty of his own folly; for, in the same magazine, under -the date “Wednesday, Aug. 20th, 1760,” p. 440, is the -following notice:—“At the Assizes at Lancaster, -Philip Glover, Esq., Major in the Lincolnshire Militia, was found -guilty of manslaughter, for killing Mr. Jackson, of Manchester, -in a duel, and was immediately discharged out of custody in -court. It was with great difficulty that sufficient -evidence could be procured to induce the grand jury to find the -bill.”</p> -<p>Thus the one passage of arms, of which we know, connected with -Wispington, although fatal in its effect, is reduced to the farce -of human folly. From the sublime to the ridiculous is but a -step.</p> -<p><a name="page245"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 245</span>May -Wispington’s future martial sons fight in a nobler cause -than that of self pride.</p> -<p>We may add, that at a court-martial held eight months later, -March 24th, 1762, Philip Glover was acquitted of any -“behaviour contrary to the articles of war,” but the -court was of opinion that he had, in hasty heat, used language to -Capt. Gardiner, contrary to good order and discipline, and he was -adjudged to be reprimanded publicly in the presence of the -officers and men of his regiment. The member of this -court-martial were the following:—Col. Lord Vincent -Mandeville, Hunts. Militia, president; Lieut.-Col. Richard -Townley, Lancashire Militia; Lieut.-Col. John Lister, Yorkshire -Militia; Major Robert Coney, Norfolk Militia; Major Sir Philip -Monoux, Bart., Bedfordshire Militia; Major Francis Longe, Norfolk -Militia; Capt. Edmund Townley, Lancashire Militia; Capt. Carr -Brackenbury, Lincolnshire Militia; Capt. G. De Ligne Gregory, -Lincolnshire Militia, and others; with the Honble. Charles Gould, -Deputy Judge Advocate General.</p> -<h2><a name="page2_i"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -i</span>INDEX</h2> -<h3>A.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Abergavenny</span>, Earls -of, <span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Abrincis, Lupus de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page65">65</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page75">75</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page144">144</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page225">225</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Acham, Anthony, charity founded by, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page63">63</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Albemarle, or Aumale, Earl of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page75">75</a></span> and note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Algar, Earl of Mercia, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page30">30</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page137">137</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page176">176</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Alms, gate, bequeathed at Revesby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page140">140</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Angevin auxiliaries, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page176">176</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Angus, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page59">59</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page110">110</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page182">182</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page192">192</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Asgarby, meaning of name, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page137">137</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page138">138</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners, former—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page137">137</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bishops of Durham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page137">137</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bishops of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page137">137</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, present owners, Ecclesiastical -Commissioners, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page137">137</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Asgarby Benefice annexed to Lusby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page137">137</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ashby, meaning of “Ash,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page14">14</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page15">15</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ashby Puerorum, church described <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page13">13</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, field-name, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page10">10</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, gallows, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Saxons Odincarle and Chilbert, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, Earl of Kent, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Creveceur, or De Courcy family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page3">3</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page145">145</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert Fitz-Gozelin, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page3">3</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Kirktons, of Kirton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord Treasurer Cromwell, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl of Albemarle, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord Willoughby of Parham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, James Prescott, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gedney family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir William Wentworth, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page5">5</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Stephen Dinely Totton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page6">6</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl Manvers, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page1">1</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page6">6</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Pocklington-Coltman family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page1">1</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page6">6</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Holbeck hamlet in Ashby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page10">10</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Hoe-hill in Holbeck, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page10">10</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page11">11</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Stainsby hamlet in Ashby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page6">6</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, ghost, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page7">7</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page8">8</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Littlebury family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page6">6</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Roman sepulchre, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page13">13</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Asterby, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page16">16</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page18">18</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lady Lucia Thorold, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page15">15</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page15">15</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Guevera John, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page16">16</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, ,, Francis, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dighton family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page15">15</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hansard, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page15">15</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dame Jane Dymoke, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page18">18</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Trafford family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page16">16</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ayscough, or Askew, Sir Edward, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir Francis, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page90">90</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page191">191</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Walter, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page163">163</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Henry Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page163">163</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page110">110</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, arms of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page115">115</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, meaning of name, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page115">115</a></span></p> -<h3><a name="page2_ii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -ii</span>B.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Baieux</span>, Odo, bishop -of, <span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page101">101</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page102">102</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page182">182</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, influence and great possessions, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, possessions forfeited, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Tapestry, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page102">102</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Banks, Sir Joseph (1714), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, his collections at Revesby Abbey, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page165">165</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, monument and inscription to, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page166">166</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bardney Abbey, charters, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page41">41</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, pension to, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page135">135</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Barkham, Sir Robert, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Barkworth, Robert de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, William de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Barrows at Revesby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page165">165</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, at Ranby, formerly, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Baumber, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page21">21</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Saxons, Ulf and Tonna, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page19">19</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dightons, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earls of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dukes of Newcastle, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Livesey family, sold to, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Vyner family, a moiety, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Site for vicarage given by Robt. de Grey -Vyner, Esq., 1857, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page22">22</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bavent, William de, note, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bec, Anthony, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page132">132</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Anthony, bishop of Durham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John’s gifts to Kirkstead Abbey, -note, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page234">234</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Thomas, bishop of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Thomas, bishop of St. David’s, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Walter, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page54">54</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page107">107</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page146">146</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, grants to Kirkstead Abbey, manure of -sheep in Kirkby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, quitclaims to Kirkstead Abbey, toll on -corn, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Walter, constable of Lincoln Castle, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page133">133</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, constable of Bristol, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page133">133</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, influential, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page107">107</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page132">132</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bec arms, formerly in church, Kirkby-on-Bain, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page110">110</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bedford, duke of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Beelsby, Sir Thomas, of Beelsby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Belchford, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page23">23</a></span>–25</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, stoup, richly carved, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page25">25</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page22">22</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Thomas Glemham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page23">23</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Thomas Hartopp, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page23">23</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, R. de Grey Vyner, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page23">23</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Benigworth, Geoffrey de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bentinck, William de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bernak, de, family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bevere, Drogo de, his rapacity, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page74">74</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bigot, Earl Marshall, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page147">147</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Billsby of Billsby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Blagge, Thomas, groom of bedchamber, anecdote, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span>, and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page33">33</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Blundville, <i>i.e.</i>, Oswestry, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Blunt, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page76">76</a></span> and note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Boars, wild, protected by law, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page115">115</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bolingbroke, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page27">27</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page28">28</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page29">29</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, benefice united with Hareby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page91">91</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Hare, phantom of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page33">33</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, “Honour” of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page26">26</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Romara, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page30">30</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, De Lacy family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John, Duke of Lancaster, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Henry IV., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bolles, Sir George, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page37">37</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bond-servant, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page41">41</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, given as “chattells,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page89">89</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page122">122</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page235">235</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Booth, John, Rector of Salmonby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, silver cup of Volunteers, 1808, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page173">173</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Boroughbridge, battle of, Earl of Lancaster -defeated at, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Boucherett, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page115">115</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Boundary stones, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page231">231</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bourg-Thorold, hotel de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page31">31</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Brackenbury, Robert Carr, of Raithby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page153">153</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, grants hay loft for Wesleyan services, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page153">153</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_iii"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. iii</span>Brandon, Charles, duke of Suffolk, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page84">84</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page89">89</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page140">140</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page149">149</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page163">163</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, two sons die of “sweating -sickness,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page60">60</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Brides of Enderby,” the, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Briefs,” curious, Hagg Registers, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page81">81</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page82">82</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Brigg Grammar School, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Brinkhill “gold,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page82">82</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Brittany, Alan, earl of, a worthy character, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page73">73</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Brown, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page126">126</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bryan, Governor of Bolingbroke Castle, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bucknall, Thorold of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page158">158</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, his sister, the Lady Godiva, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page158">158</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Burghley, Lord Treasurer, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Burials, numerous, Salmonby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page169">169</a></span>, Sotby, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page183">183</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Buried in wool, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page61">61</a></span> and note</p> -<p class="gutlist">“By” as suffix, meaning of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page99">99</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">By-road—village road, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page99">99</a></span></p> -<h3>C.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Candles</span> before -altar, money bequeathed for, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page140">140</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page163">163</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page195">195</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cantelupe, Nicholas, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page182">182</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, his chantry and tomb in Lincoln -Cathedral, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page183">183</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Carsey, John, owner of Revesby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Causeway, ancient, at Revesby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page160">160</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cavendish, Augustine, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Charles, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cawkwell church, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page181">181</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Chalibeate spring at Salmonby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Chaloner, Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Chase, Tumby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page105">105</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cheales, family of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page80">80</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cheles, Baldric de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cholmeley, Sir Hugh, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Chrismatory found at Poolham Hall, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page38">38</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Clap-gate, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page10">10</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Clifton, of Clifton, arms at Kirkby-on-Bain, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Clinton, of Baumber, marries daughter of -Dighton, of Stourton, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord Edward, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Conquest, churches before the, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page55">55</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page56">56</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page57">57</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page75">75</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page121">121</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page183">183</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page184">184</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Copledyke, family of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page8">8</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page80">80</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Alan, governor of Bolingbroke Castle, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John, lord of Oxcombe, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page148">148</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Corbet, John, old family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page43">43</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cormayle family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Coventry Act” of Parliament, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page204">204</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Craven, Howard, owner of Revesby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cressaunt of Tuluse, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page84">84</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Creeping-silver,” box for, East -Kirkby church, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page130">130</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cressie, Agnes, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page50">50</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cressy, Faith, married G. Tyrwhitt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page111">111</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, her will, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page112">112</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, family, of Fulsby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page111">111</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Creveceur, or de Courcy, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page3">3</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page145">145</a></span> and note, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page195">195</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, privileged to wear hat in presence of -royalty, <span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page3">3</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page195">195</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Cromwell, Lord Treasurer, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page4">4</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span> and -notes</p> -<p class="gutlist">Cross close (where stood the village cross), -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page71">71</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Croyland cattle destroyed by Ivo Taillebois, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page19">19</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Culverhouse, value of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page12">12</a></span>, note</p> -<h3>D.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Dacre</span> de la South, -Lady (Mavis Enderby), <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page50">50</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Dalison, William, of Hareby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, probably d’Alencon, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page189">189</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Deer, Roe, common in Tumby Chase, note, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page115">115</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, tax on their skins, ½<i>d.</i> per -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page100">100</a></span>, -ibid.</p> -<p class="gutlist">De Haya, of Kirkby-on-Bain, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page111">111</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">De Lacy family, Old Bolingbroke, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page32">32</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, of Scamblesby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page177">177</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, of Kirkby-on-Bain, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page103">103</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page104">104</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">De la Haye, Lord of Goulceby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page58">58</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Deloraine, Lord, connected with Goulceby, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">D’Eyncourt, owners of Kirkby-on-Bain, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, body sewn up in leather, buried in Lincoln -Cathedral, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page109">109</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_iv"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. iv</span>Dighton, John, of Minting, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John, of Hatton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page93">93</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Robert, owner of Stourton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page197">197</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, marries a Clinton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Thomas, of Waddingworth, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page217">217</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page15">15</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page20">20</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Dog-dyke, <i>i.e.</i>, Dock-dike, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page99">99</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Dog-whippers in church, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page200">200</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Dorset, Marquis of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page163">163</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Druid circles, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page98">98</a></span> and note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Duel fought by Capt. Glover, of Wispington, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page243">243</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page244">244</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Duke of Lancaster, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page27">27</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, of Newcastle, owner of Baumber, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Dutch sportsman in Lincolnshire Wolds, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Dymock, Arthur, of Toft, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page110">110</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page111">111</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, his will, ibidem</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir Robert, (Mavis Enderby) <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Dymoke, Dame Jane, founds Hemingby school, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page97">97</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Dyer, poet, rector of Kirkby-on-Bain, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page118">118</a></span></p> -<h3>E.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Earl</span> of -Abergavenny, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Angus, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page110">110</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Chester, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Exeter, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page121">121</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Kent, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page102">102</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Lancaster, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Lincoln, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page104">104</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page159">159</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page189">189</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Earl Manvers, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page80">80</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page96">96</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Mercia, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page30">30</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page137">137</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Moretaine, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page102">102</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Northumberland, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Oxford, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page49">49</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Strafford, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page5">5</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page11">11</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Easter sepulchre, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page130">130</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page136">136</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page185">185</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Edlington, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page45">45</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, registers, curious, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page43">43</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Saxons, Egbert, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page39">39</a></span>, Ulf, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page39">39</a></span>, Tonna, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page40">40</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Danes, Hubba and Inguar, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page40">40</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert de Barkeworth, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page35">35</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page36">36</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Thymelby family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page36">36</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Saviles, of Howley, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bolles family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir E. Turnor and descendants, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William Byron, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page38">38</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hassard Short family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page34">34</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, meaning of name, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page39">39</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ancient remains found at, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page39">39</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Edmund, St.’s, penny, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page130">130</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Edric, the Saxon, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page54">54</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Eland, Saxon family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page127">127</a></span> and -notes</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John, tomb in Baumber church, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page127">127</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, held manor of Cawkwell, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page128">128</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, held manors of Bag Enderby and Mavis -Enderby, note, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page128">128</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, held Honour of Peverel, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page127">127</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Elnod, the Saxon, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page47">47</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Enderby, Mavis, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page52">52</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page53">53</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Runic stone in west doorway, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page52">52</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, stoup, curious, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page53">53</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Elnod and Godwin, Saxons, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page47">47</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Richard de Malbyse, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page47">47</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Karilepho, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, several smaller owners, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Henry IV. as duke of Lancaster, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir George Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John Billesby, of Billesby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page128">128</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Nicholas Eland, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page128">128</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gedney family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page50">50</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Willoughbies and Becs, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Present owners—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Mrs. Rashdall, of London, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Mrs. Coltman, of Hagnaby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Mrs. Holmes, of Eastville, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, The Rector, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Epigram on Goodrich, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page131">131</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Eudo, son of Spirewic, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page105">105</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page152">152</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page216">216</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page232">232</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Exhibition” paid for maintenance -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span>, -note</p> -<h3><a name="page2_v"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -v</span>F.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Farthing</span>, rent of -land, <span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page89">89</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page235">235</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Field-names, see Names of fields</p> -<p class="gutlist">Fishery, valuable property, held by Pinso, in -Tumby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page105">105</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, granted by Simon de Tumby to Kirkstead -Abbey, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page108">108</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Ffitches,” <i>i.e.</i>, marten -skins, gown lined with, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page62">62</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Fitz-Eudo, Hugh, called Brito, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page8">8</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page105">105</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page152">152</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, founded Kirkstead Abbey, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page105">105</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Fitz-Eustache, Richard, constable of Chester, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Fitz-William, Wm., High Admiral, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Flint implements found in Salmonby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page216">216</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Foljambes connected with Ayscoughs, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page115">115</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Fortescue, Lord, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Fulletby, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page55">55</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page56">56</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Saxon church, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—<span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span>–56</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Saxons, Siward and Edric, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Pinson “Dapifer,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bec family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page54">54</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Willoughby d’Eresby, Lord, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Willoughby of Parham, Lord, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Elmhirst, Booth, Riggall, &c. <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, church “xxiv candels” altar, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page56">56</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, “Ikon Basilike,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page56">56</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Robert Leech of, joined “Lincolnshire -Rising,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, paid pension to Bullington Priory, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Roman urns found at, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page56">56</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Fulsby, <i>i.e.</i> Fugels-by, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page100">100</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Cressy of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page111">111</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page101">101</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Fulstow, Roger, of Waddingworth, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page216">216</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page217">217</a></span></p> -<h3>G.</h3> -<p class="gutlist">Gallows, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page76">76</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page119">119</a></span> and note, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page171">171</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Garth, Saffron,” Revesby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page161">161</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Gascoyne, connected with Kirkby-on-Bain, -“ancient and virtuous family,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page113">113</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Gate-alms, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page140">140</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page162">162</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Gaunt, Gilbert de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page32">32</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page35">35</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page75">75</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page177">177</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page226">226</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John, Duke of Lancaster, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page27">27</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page131">131</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page226">226</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Gedney, Andrew, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page148">148</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, George, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page4">4</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page50">50</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page78">78</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page148">148</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ghost of Stainsby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page7">7</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Girvii of the Fens, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page186">186</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Glemham, Sir Henry, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John, of Glemham Parva, Suffolk, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page60">60</a></span> (Burwell)</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page23">23</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page149">149</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Glover family, of Wispington, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page231">231</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page232">232</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page233">233</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Duel fought by Capt. Glover, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page244">244</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Gloves, tenure by, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page133">133</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Godiva, Lady, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page30">30</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page158">158</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page188">188</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page194">194</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Goodrich family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page123">123</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, bequest of gown, and money to repair roads, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page123">123</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, epigram on, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page131">131</a></span> note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Goulceby, Saxon church formerly, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page67">67</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Benefice united to Asterby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page57">57</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, charity, by Anthony Acham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page63">63</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, tenure by rose, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page58">58</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, De la Haye family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page58">58</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Philip de Kyme, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Nicholas de Cantelupe, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl of Abergavenny, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert Umfraville, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Duke of Bedford, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Cromwell, Lord Treasurer, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Glemham family, of Glemham Parva, -Suffolk, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page60">60</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Matthew Lister, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page62">62</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Martin Lister, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord Deloraine, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir E. Boughton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Robert Barkham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Knollys family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Adam Heneage, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page63">63</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Present owners—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Col. Bagnall, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page63">63</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl Manvers, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page63">63</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, T. Falkner Alison, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page63">63</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_vi"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. vi</span>Grant, John, Lord of Oxcombe, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page149">149</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Grantham family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page8">8</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Grayle,” or -“Graduate,” (Kirkby-on-Bain) <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page117">117</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Green Lady of Thorpe Hall, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span> and note</p> -<p class="gutlist">“Green, Coney,” “low” -and “over,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page119">119</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page171">171</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Greetham, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page71">71</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page72">72</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hugh de Abrincis, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page65">65</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Henry de Lacy, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page66">66</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Edmund of Woodstock, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page65">65</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hugh Despenser, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page66">66</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Henry of Lancaster, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page66">66</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford -(1785), <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John Fardell, Esq., M.P. for Lincoln, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page70">70</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert Dennis, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page70">70</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, F. Wormall, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page70">70</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lady Carden, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page70">70</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Grynne family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page126">126</a></span> note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Guevera family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page179">179</a></span></p> -<h3>H.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Hagworthingham</span>, -church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page80">80</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page81">81</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl of Brittany, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page73">73</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Drogo de Bevere, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page74">74</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page75">75</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl of Chester, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page75">75</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gaunt family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, De Quincy family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Copledyke family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hansard family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Welles family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page77">77</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Blunt, Thomas, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Littlebury family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page77">77</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page78">78</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John Gedney, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page78">78</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Francis Bountague, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page79">79</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Present—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Cheales family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page80">80</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir H. Ingleby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page80">80</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl Manvers, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page80">80</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John Littlebury of, buried before Our Lady -of the Rood, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page77">77</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Registers, curious briefs in, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page81">81</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page82">82</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hallam, Henry (Old Bolingbroke), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page30">30</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Halstead Hall—see Stixwould</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, robbery at, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page204">204</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hameringham, church described <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page85">85</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page86">86</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, old hour-glass in, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page85">85</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Fitz-Gozelin, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page83">83</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Angevin family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page83">83</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert Cressaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page84">84</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page84">84</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page85">85</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Chaplin family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page85">85</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Coltman family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page85">85</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, tenure by annual gift of spurs, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page84">84</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, curious field-names, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page84">84</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hamerton, George, old family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page43">43</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hansards, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page15">15</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page77">77</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hand, putting to altar, to confirm charter, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page108">108</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hardegrey, Peter, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page41">41</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, “Master” William, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page41">41</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hareby, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page91">91</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page92">92</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, The Lady Lucia Thorold, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page87">87</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page87">87</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Roger de Romara, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page87">87</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph de Meschines, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert de Quincy, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John of Gaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Willoughby family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Revesby Abbey and other smaller owners, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page89">89</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page89">89</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, several smaller owners, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Littleburies, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Skynners, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page91">91</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bryan, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page91">91</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Messrs. Ramsden & Taylor, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page91">91</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Harecourt, Robert de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page140">140</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hatton, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page94">94</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page95">95</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Neocomian boulders near, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page95">95</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, E. Turnor, Esq., lord of the manor, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page95">95</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, C. C. Sibthorpe, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page95">95</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hauley, Sir Thomas, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Hawise de Quincy, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Redvers, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page158">158</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Hawks, bequest of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page79">79</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hawley, family of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Haye, de la, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page58">58</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_vii"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. vii</span>Hay-loft bequeathed for Wesleyan -services, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page153">153</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hemingby, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page96">96</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, charity of Dame Jane Dymoke, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page97">97</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Edric the Saxon, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page96">96</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page96">96</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir John Ratclyffe, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page97">97</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dymoke family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page97">97</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl Manvers, etc., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page96">96</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Heneage, Adam, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page63">63</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Henry IV., of Old Bolingbroke, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page121">121</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page177">177</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hesele, de, family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Honour of Bolingbroke,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page26">26</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Greetham, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page64">64</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page68">68</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Horsington, Thorold of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hotel de Bourg-Thorold, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page31">31</a></span> note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Hour-glass, old, on pulpit, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page85">85</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Howard family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hubert Walter, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page140">140</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hugh Fitz-Eudo, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page8">8</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page105">105</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page152">152</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page229">229</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hussey, Lord, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Hustwaite, Sir Edward, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page50">50</a></span></p> -<h3>I.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Ingelby</span>, Sir H. D., -Bart., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page80">80</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Inguar and Hubba, Danes, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page40">40</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ipre, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page141">141</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ivo Taillebois, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page15">15</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page24">24</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page48">48</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page58">58</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page87">87</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page121">121</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page137">137</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page138">138</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page139">139</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page151">151</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page159">159</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page176">176</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page180">180</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page188">188</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, his tyrranous nature, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page159">159</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page188">188</a></span></p> -<h3>J.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Jeffery</span>, Stennet, -murderers of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page119">119</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page120">120</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Jenney, Sir Thomas, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page125">125</a></span></p> -<h3>K.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Karilepho</span>, William -de, Bishop of Durham, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page48">48</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page54">54</a></span>, note, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page101">101</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page102">102</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page103">103</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page144">144</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page151">151</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page208">208</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page215">215</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page228">228</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Abbey of St., in Normandy, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page102">102</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Key-hole” window in Lusby church, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page155">155</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Kighly, John, of Salmonby, at Agincourt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">King, E., of Ashby-de-la-Launde, land in -Salmonby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page171">171</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">King Henry IV., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page49">49</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page88">88</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page177">177</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Kirketon, of Kirketon (Kirton), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page66">66</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page108">108</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Kirkby-on-Bain, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page116">116</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page117">117</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page118">118</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Armorial bearings, once in church, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Jurisdiction of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page105">105</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, a “town,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page105">105</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Pontefract also called Kirkby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page104">104</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ulmar, Godwin, Gonewate, Saxons, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page101">101</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page101">101</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Karilepho, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page101">101</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ilbert de Lacy, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page103">103</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page104">104</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page105">105</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Henry Travers, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Wido de Laval, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Albreda de Lisours, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Richard Fitz-Eustache, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl of Lancaster, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bec family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page106">106</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Willoughby family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page108">108</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ralph de Cromwell, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dymokes and Cressies, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page110">110</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Percy family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page112">112</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord Clinton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord Fortescue, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir H. M. Hawley, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Stanhope family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, H. Rogers, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Kirkby, East, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page128">128</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page131">131</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page121">121</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Romara family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page121">121</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, De La Launde family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page121">121</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Duke of Lancaster, Henry IV. <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page121">121</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Vincent Skinner, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page121">121</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Littlebury family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, R. Maidens, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page122">122</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dr. T. Robinson, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page122">122</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Stanhope and Coltman families, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page122">122</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Bequest of money for -“exhibition,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page124">124</a></span> and note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, “Silver salt” and “silver -flat piece,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page124">124</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_viii"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. viii</span>,, Browne, Sir John, Knt., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page126">126</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, “Sergant of Privy Chamber,” -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page127">127</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Treasurer of Ireland, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page127">127</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Granted land at “Peppercorn -Rent,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page126">126</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page127">127</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Ealand family, held “Honour of -Peverel,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page127">127</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir William, Constable of Nottingham -Castle, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page127">127</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Lucy Faber gives meadow “to strew the -monks’ floor,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page122">122</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Goodrich family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page123">123</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Bishop of Ely, his character, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page131">131</a></span> note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Epigram on, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page131">131</a></span> note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sapcote family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page125">125</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Silkstone, Robert de, Monument in Church, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page126">126</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Smerehorn, Alan gives Watermill to Revesby -Abbey, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page128">128</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Webberly family, John, strong supporter of -Charles I., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page128">128</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Kirkstead, Abbey founded by Hugh, Fitz Eudo, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page105">105</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page229">229</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Mastiffs, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page101">101</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Knatchbull, Sir Edward, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page114">114</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Knollys, Hanserd, Churchman and Baptist, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page181">181</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Kyme, Barony of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page61">61</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page110">110</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page182">182</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Simon de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page131">131</a></span></p> -<h3>L.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Lacy</span>, John de, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John de, Earl of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page104">104</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Ilbert de, Lord of Kirkby-on-Bain, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page104">104</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page177">177</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Also of Pontefract, called Kirkby by the -Saxons, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page104">104</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Great possessions of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page104">104</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Henry de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page104">104</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lucia, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page15">15</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page87">87</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page88">88</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page121">121</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page152">152</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page159">159</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page176">176</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page178">178</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page180">180</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page189">189</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page194">194</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lancaster, Duke of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page27">27</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Thomas, Earl of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Langrick, <i>i.e.</i>, Long Creek, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page99">99</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Langton of Langton, Patron of Lusby, -1677–1833, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page149">149</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Stephen de, Archbishop, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Laval, Wido de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lawlessness, temp. Simon de Tumby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page108">108</a></span> note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Leedsgate, <i>i.e.</i>, “our -Lady’s gate,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page119">119</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Liber Niger,” Hearne’s, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lichgate, memorial to Honble. E. Stanhope, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page168">168</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lindisfarne, Monks of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page103">103</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lisours, Albreda de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page106">106</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lister, Sir Martin, Eminent Zoologist, -&c., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page61">61</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page62">62</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir Matthew, Court Physician, &c., -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page62">62</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Matthew, Esq., Lord of Oxcombe, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page149">149</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Littlebury, family of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page6">6</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page8">8</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page91">91</a></span> and note, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page153">153</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir Humphrey, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page6">6</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, George of Somersby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Humphrey, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page152">152</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, John of Hagworthingham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page77">77</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Margaret, bequest to the poor, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Their large residence, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page171">171</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Livesey, Thomas, Esq., of Blackburn, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lodington family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page126">126</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Lola Montez, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">L’Oste, Revs. C. N., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page166">166</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Lusby church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page135">135</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page136">136</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Tonna Almer and other Saxons, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page131">131</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page131">131</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Simon de Kyme, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page131">131</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Walter de Bec, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page132">132</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page132">132</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Pinson, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page132">132</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John Bec, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page133">133</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Willoughby family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page133">133</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bishop of Durham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Bishop of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span></p> -<h3>M.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Malbish</span>, Osbert, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Richard de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page47">47</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Maletoft, Roger de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page178">178</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Malo Lacu (Mauley) family of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page146">146</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Arms of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page147">147</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_ix"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. ix</span>Malo Lacu, Peter, born at Poictou, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page146">146</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Built Castle of Mountgrace, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page146">146</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Manvers, Earl, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page62">62</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page80">80</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page96">96</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Manure of sheep in Kirkby granted to Kirkstead -Abbey, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Margaret, St., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page227">227</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Mastiffs of Kirkstead Abbey, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page101">101</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Massenge, or Masinge, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page123">123</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Mavis Enderby, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page52">52</a></span>–3</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of, see Enderby, Mavis</p> -<p class="gutlist">Meschines, Ranulph de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page201">201</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Mills, as valuable property, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page12">12</a></span> note, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page103">103</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page105">105</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page108">108</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page135">135</a></span>, note, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page176">176</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page225">225</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Miningsby, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page142">142</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Runic stone in Churchyard, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page142">142</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of Miningsby—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Moretaine, Earl of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page102">102</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page138">138</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Romara, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Baldric, de Cheles, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hugo Wac (Wake), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph de, Miningsby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hubert Walker, Archbishop, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page140">140</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert de Herecourt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page140">140</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page140">140</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John Scayman, of Miningsby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page141">141</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert de Willoughby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page141">141</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir John de Ipre, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page141">141</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Richard Skepper, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page140">140</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Grynne family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page141">141</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Monas-Tessera-Graphica, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Montez, Lola, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -<h3>N.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Names</span> of fields, -peculiar, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page9">9</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page10">10</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page11">11</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page18">18</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page70">70</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page71">71</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page79">79</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page84">84</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page114">114</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page115">115</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page119">119</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page122">122</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page123">123</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page127">127</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page141">141</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page150">150</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page151">151</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page161">161</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page170">170</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page171">171</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page207">207</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Newcastle, Duke of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page20">20</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Newcomen, John, of “Sallaby,” -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page68">68</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Pedigree, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Newcomen, Richard, of “Nether -Toynton,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page68">68</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Samuel, of “Nether Toynton,” -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page68">68</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Niger Liber,” Hearne’s, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Northumberland, Earl of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Nova-villa, Robert de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<h3>O.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Odd</span>, Bishop of -Baieux, <span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page101">101</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page102">102</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page182">182</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Old Revesby deeds, from Burghley House, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page161">161</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Oratory Medlam, (Revesby), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page161">161</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ordericus Vitalis quoted, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page226">226</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ormsby, Richard de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page146">146</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Oswy, King of Northumbria, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page102">102</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page103">103</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Otter, Francis, memorial window, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Otter, Miss, restored Ranby church, 1839, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<h3>P.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Palfreyman</span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page125">125</a></span> and note, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Parker, John, a “Recusant,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page80">80</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Pelham Buckle,” its origin, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page178">178</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">“Peppercorn” rent, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page127">127</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page163">163</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Percy, Henry, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Percy family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page110">110</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page112">112</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Pinson, “Dapifer,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page132">132</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page230">230</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Plantagenet, Edmund, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Plantagenet, wood planted by, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page90">90</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Poolham, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page35">35</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page36">36</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page37">37</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page38">38</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page43">43</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Portland, Duke of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page181">181</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Prayers for the dead, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page84">84</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Privilege of wearing hat before Royalty, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page3">3</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page195">195</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Proviso, curious in Will, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span></p> -<h3>Q.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Quincy</span>, Hawise de, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page76">76</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Robert de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page88">88</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Quitclaims, Walter Bec, toll of corn, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Manure of sheep, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page107">107</a></span></p> -<h3><a name="page2_x"></a><span class="pagenum">p. -x</span>R.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Raithby</span> church -described, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page154">154</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of Raithby—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Elnod, the Saxon, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page151">151</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Karilepho, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page151">151</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page151">151</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page152">152</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert de Willoughby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page152">152</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Littlebury family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page152">152</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page153">153</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Brackenbury family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page153">153</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Rev. E. Rawnsley, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page153">153</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ralph de Cromwell (Kirkby-on-Bain), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, St. Valery (Ranby), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ranby, an appanage of Tupholme Abbey, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of Ranby—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Godric, the Saxon, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ralph de St. Valery, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ralph de Cromwell, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span> note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Otter family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ranulph, Bishop of Durham, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page229">229</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, of Miningsby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ratcliffe, Sir John (Kirkby-on-Bain), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page97">97</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Rede, Robert, Justice of the King, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Registers of Edlington, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page43">43</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Mavis Enderby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page50">50</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Salmonby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page169">169</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sotby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page183">183</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Stixwold, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page199">199</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page200">200</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Winceby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page228">228</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Rent of salt, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Revesby Abbey, cell at Mavis Enderby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Abbot’s possessions, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Founded by William de Romara, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page121">121</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page166">166</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page167">167</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page168">168</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Estates divided in 1552, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page163">163</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Meaning of name, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page159">159</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Roger de Romara, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page159">159</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William, de Romara, Earl of Chester, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page159">159</a></span>, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page160">160</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page163">163</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John Kersey, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page163">163</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord Treasurer Burghley, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Henry Howard, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Joseph Banks, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Right Honble. E. Stanhope, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Treasures at, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page164">164</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page165">165</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Tumuli at, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page164">164</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page165">165</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Riddings,” Kirkby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page115">115</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ring, silver salt, bequest of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Riveaux Abbey, Revesby lands given to, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Roads repaired by monks, a duty, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page158">158</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Robbery at Halstead Hall, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page205">205</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Roman Sepulture, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page13">13</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Urns, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page56">56</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page70">70</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Rose, tenure by, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page59">59</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Runic stone, Marvis Enderby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page52">52</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Miningsby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page142">142</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page143">143</a></span></p> -<h3>S.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Salmonby</span>, church -described, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page172">172</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page173">173</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Burials many, in 1723–4, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page169">169</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Rectory held by William of Waynflete, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hugh de Abrincis, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Geoffrey of Benigworth, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Littlebury family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page171">171</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hamon Sutton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page171">171</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Anthony Thorold, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, King, family of, Ashby de la Launde, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page171">171</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Reeve, family of, Ashby de la Launde, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page171">171</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Mrs. Nesbit Hamilton, Ogilvie, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page173">173</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Flint implements found, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page216">216</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Sackville, Anne, Lady, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">St. John family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page33">33</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">St. Sythe, Revesby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page160">160</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">St. Valery, Richard de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Salt pans, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page133">133</a></span> and note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Salt rent, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page155">155</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_xi"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. xi</span>Sapcote family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page125">125</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Saxon churches, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page56">56</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page57">57</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page75">75</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page121">121</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page184">184</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page210">210</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Scales, Sir Thomas, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page125">125</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Scales, Isabella, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page141">141</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Scamblesby and Cawkwell—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page174">174</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page175">175</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page176">176</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, The Lady Lucia Thorold, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page176">176</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page176">176</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Romara, Roger de, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page176">176</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page177">177</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Gaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page177">177</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Blondville family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page177">177</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, De Lacy family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page177">177</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, John of Gaunt, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page177">177</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Priory of Spalding, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page176">176</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page178">178</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bishop of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page178">178</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ecclesiastical Commissioners, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page178">178</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl of Yarborough, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page178">178</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lill family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page178">178</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bourne family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page178">178</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Kent, family of, curious bequests, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page179">179</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Cawkwell, church demolished, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page181">181</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lady Lucia, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Charles Cavendish, of Bolsover, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dukes of Newcastle, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl of Oxford, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bentinck family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Duke of Portland, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Silkstone, Robert, monument to, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page126">126</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, large estates of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page126">126</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Silver casket and coins found, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page151">151</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, “creeping,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page130">130</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, “salt,” bequest of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page124">124</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Sir” equivalent to -“parson,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page111">111</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Siward the Saxon, curious tradition of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page187">187</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Skepper, George, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page125">125</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Richard, buried in church, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page123">123</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, will of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page140">140</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Skinner family, of Hareby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page91">91</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, of Old Bolingbroke, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page91">91</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir Vincent, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page91">91</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page121">121</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Skipwith, Sir William, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page50">50</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Slaves, bequest of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Smith, J. Bainbridge, D.D., tablet at Baumber, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page21">21</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, memorial window in Sotby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page185">185</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Sotby, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page184">184</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page185">185</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, register, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page16">16</a></span> burials in 1728, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page183">183</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ulnod the Saxon, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page182">182</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Odo, B shop of Baieux, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page182">182</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Philip de Kyme, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page182">182</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Kyme, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page183">183</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Simon de Kyme, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page183">183</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Umfraville, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page182">182</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Robert Dymok, knt., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page183">183</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page183">183</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Spice boxes” at East Kirkby, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page130">130</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Spurs, tenure by, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page84">84</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">“Squint” window at Lusby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page136">136</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Stanhope family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page114">114</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page122">122</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page165">165</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir Richard, of Rampton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page109">109</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Stennet, Jeffery, murder of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page119">119</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page120">120</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Stixwold, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page199">199</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page200">200</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, field names at, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page207">207</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, meaning of name, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page185">185</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page186">186</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ulviet and Siward, Saxons, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page187">187</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Waldin Brito, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page188">188</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Alured, of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page188">188</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ivo Taillebois, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page188">188</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Alan, of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page190">190</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Roger de Romara, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page189">189</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph, Earl of Chester, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page189">189</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page190">190</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gilbert de Gant, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page190">190</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bec family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page190">190</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Pinso, “Dapifer,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page190">190</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Willoughby family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page190">190</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert de Haye, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page190">190</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph de Meschines, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page190">190</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Earl of Northumberland, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page191">191</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert Dighton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page191">191</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Thimbleby family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page191">191</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Savile family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page192">192</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir John Coventry, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page192">192</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord High Admiral Anson, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page192">192</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page193">193</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Edmund Turnor, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page193">193</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Halstead Hall owners—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Roger de Stixwold, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page201">201</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir Theobald de Stikeswald, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page201">201</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ranulph de Meschines, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page202">202</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Welby family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page202">202</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_xii"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. xii</span>,, ,, Evington family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page203">203</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, George Townshend, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page203">203</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Kirkland Snowden, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page203">203</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gibbon family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page203">203</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir John Coventry, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page203">203</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page204">204</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir William Kyte, or Keate, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page204">204</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Lord Anson, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page204">204</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Edmund Turnor, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page204">204</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Robbery at Halstead Hall, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page204">204</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page205">205</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Stixwold Priory, founded by “the Lady -Lucia,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page194">194</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Benefactors—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Galfred de Ezmondeys, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page194">194</a></span> and -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Alexander Creveceur, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page194">194</a></span> and many -others</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Perquisites—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, “Assize of beer and bread,” -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page195">195</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, “Lincoln farthings,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page195">195</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, “Shot for wax,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page195">195</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Possessions very large, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page195">195</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Prioress, the last, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page196">196</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Registers mention—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, “Artillery in charges,” -“town muskets,” etc., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page200">200</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dog-whippers for church, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page200">200</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, “Dunkirkers,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page200">200</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, “Dyke-reeve,” <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page200">200</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Vicars, list of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page200">200</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page201">201</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, stone coffins from, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page199">199</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, stone with curious device, cross within -circle, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page198">198</a></span> and note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Cistercian pottery found, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page207">207</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Stourton, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page210">210</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, benefice united to Baumber, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Grinchel, the Saxon, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Robert de Novâ Villâ, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Odo, Bishop of Baieux, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Karilepho, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Ilbert de Lacy, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page208">208</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dighton family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, E. Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Duke of Newcastle, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, W. H. Trafford, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, R. Harrison, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, a Roman station, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, “Stoup” farm, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Stoups, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page25">25</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page53">53</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page154">154</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Sweating sickness, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page149">149</a></span></p> -<h3>T.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Tapestry</span>, Baieux, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page102">102</a></span>, -note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Tetford, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page213">213</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Saxon, formerly existing, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Elmer, Arnwi and Britnod, Saxons, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page211">211</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Thomas (of Baieux) Archbishop of York, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gozelin, son of Lambert, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, De Hesele family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Cormayle family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Creveceur family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Braybœuf family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Barkworth family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Thimbleby family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Savile family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, George Anton, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hussey family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page213">213</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Dymoke family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page213">213</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Sir H. A. H. Cholmeley, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page213">213</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Meaburn Staniland Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page213">213</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Executors of G. Westerby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page213">213</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Tetford witch, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page214">214</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page215">215</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Thimbleby, imprisoned at Lincoln, cruel -treatment of wife, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page37">37</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page212">212</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Thorndyke, Francis, of Scamblesby, -(Lincolnshire Gentry, 1634), <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page176">176</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Thorold, of Bucknall, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page150">150</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Horncastle, Dean of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page161">161</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, of Horsington, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page42">42</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, of Salmonby, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page172">172</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Touthby, John de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page36">36</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Tyrwhitt, Sir William, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span></p> -<h3>U.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Umfraville</span>, Gilbert -de, Earl of Angus, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page59">59</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page110">110</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page182">182</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page188">188</a></span>, note</p> -<h3>V.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Valery</span>, St., Ralph -de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page156">156</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Vere, Earl of Oxford, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page49">49</a></span></p> -<h3>W.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Wac</span> (Wake), Hugh, -gives land to Revesby Abbey, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page139">139</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist"><a name="page2_xiii"></a><span -class="pagenum">p. xiii</span>Waddingworth, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page215">215</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, meaning, probable, of name, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page217">217</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page221">221</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page222">222</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Dymoke monument, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page221">221</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Karilepho, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page218">218</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page218">218</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Tupholme Abbey, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page218">218</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Richard de Waddingworth, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page218">218</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Roger Fulstow, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page219">219</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Thomas Dighton, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page219">219</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, George Townshend, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page220">220</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, George Snowden, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page220">220</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Edward Dymoke, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page221">221</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Trafford Southwell family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page221">221</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Vyner family (of Gautby), <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page221">221</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, a native of, became Lord Mayor of London, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page220">220</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, old armour in cottage, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page222">222</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, highway robbery of resident in, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page220">220</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Wainflete, William of, Rector of Salmonby, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Walesby monument, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page157">157</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Ward, Rev. R. F., <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page172">172</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Watermills, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page176">176</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Webberley family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page128">128</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Welby, Thomas, of Oxcombe, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page147">147</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, large possessions of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page147">147</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family, of Stixwold, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page203">203</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Welles, Sir Robert, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page50">50</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page77">77</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Wentworth, Lord Strafford, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page69">69</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">William de Barkworthe, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page35">35</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Wodehall, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page42">42</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Willoughby, arms of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page110">110</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, d’Eresby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page89">89</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page108">108</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, and Kirkstead Abbey, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page230">230</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">, of Parham, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page4">4</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Robert de, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page141">141</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page152">152</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page230">230</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir William, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page55">55</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page138">138</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page230">230</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Willoughby, Rev. West, charity of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page118">118</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page119">119</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Winceby, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page227">227</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, a haunted boulder, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page225">225</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Agemund the Saxon, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page225">225</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gozelin the Norman, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page225">225</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hugh de Abrincis, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page225">225</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Gaunt family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page226">226</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Duke of Lancaster, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page226">226</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, C. Manwaring, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page226">226</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Hill family, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page226">226</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, register, curious entries, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page228">228</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, fight, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page228">228</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page229">229</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page230">230</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Wispington, church described, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page238">238</a></span>, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page239">239</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Owners of—</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, William de Karilepho, Bishop of Durham, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page231">231</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Eudo, son of Spirewic, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page232">232</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Kirkstead Abbey, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page234">234</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, ,, Bec family, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page233">233</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Sir William Willoughby, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page233">233</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Robert Phillips, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page235">235</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Phillips Glover, Esq., <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page236">236</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Turnor family, of Stoke Rochford, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page237">237</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, anecdote of Vicar, R. Glover, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page238">238</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">,, benefice formerly a rectory, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page241">241</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, duel fought by Major Glover, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page244">244</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, list of vicars, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page242">242</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, Manor house, formerly a fine residence, -<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page237">237</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, register, names “weaver” and -“spinster,” <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page242">242</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page243">243</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">,, spinning, a common occupation, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page243">243</a></span>, note</p> -<p class="gutlist">Witch of Tetford, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page214">214</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page215">215</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Witham debouched at Wainfleet, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page99">99</a></span></p> -<p class="gutlist">Woodstock, Edmund of, <span -class="indexpageno"><a href="#page65">65</a></span></p> -<h3>Y.</h3> -<p class="gutlist"><span class="smcap">Yarborough</span>, Earl -of, <span class="indexpageno"><a -href="#page178">178</a></span></p> -<h2>FOOTNOTES.</h2> -<p><a name="footnote0"></a><a href="#citation0" -class="footnote">[0]</a> The corrigenda has applied in this -transcription.—DP.</p> -<p><a name="footnote2a"></a><a href="#citation2a" -class="footnote">[2a]</a> Among the names in the -“Myntlyng” MS., of Spalding Priory, is “John -atte Ash,” <i>i.e.</i>, John living by “the -Ash,” which in time became John Ash. The ash tree was -supposed to have peculiar virtues: weakly children were passed -through it three times, before sunrise, to give them strength; -and to the Rowan, or mountain-ash many superstitions are -attached. (“Folklore,” vol. ii., No. 1, p. 88, -et alibi.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote2b"></a><a href="#citation2b" -class="footnote">[2b]</a> It would appear, however, that -water was a more marked feature of the locality 100 years -ago. Sir Joseph Banks, writing of the antiquities of Ashby, -in an article contributed to “Archæologia” at -that time (vol. xii., p. 96), mentions the “sloping hills -with brisk rills of water running through almost every -valley.” It should not be forgotten that formerly a -tract of forest extended all along this district, so that (as I -have mentioned elsewhere) a Dutch sportsman spent a whole season -in hunting “in Lincolniensi montium tractu,” among -the Lincolnshire hills. When that forest was cleared away, -as a natural consequence the streams would shrink in volume, or -disappear altogether.</p> -<p><a name="footnote4"></a><a href="#citation4" -class="footnote">[4]</a> The Elands were landowners in -Stourton, East Kirkby, and other places. One of them -resided at East Kirkby as late as 1870. Sir William Eland -was Constable of Nottingham Castle, 1330, and M.P. for the county -in 1333 (Bailey’s “Annals,” vol. i., p. -223). The Gedneys were considerable owners in the -neighbourhood. In the church at Bag Enderby there is a -handsome stone mural monument of Andrew and Dorothy Gedney, with -their two sons and two daughters kneeling before prayer -desks. This Andrew Gedney married Dorothy, daughter of Sir -William Skipwith, of South Ormesby, by his wife, Alice -Dymoke.</p> -<p><a name="footnote5"></a><a href="#citation5" -class="footnote">[5]</a> John de Kirketon (or Kirton), near -Boston, received the honour of knighthood from Ed. II., owned -Tattershall and Tumby, and was summoned to Parliament 16 Ed. -III. They had large property in Boston in 1867 -(Thompson’s “History of Boston,” p. 226).</p> -<p><a name="footnote6a"></a><a href="#citation6a" -class="footnote">[6a]</a> The pedigree of the Littleburys -is given in the Herald’s “Visitation of -Lincolnshire” 1562–4; edited by W. Metcalf, F. S. A. -(Bell and Sons, 1881).</p> -<p><a name="footnote6b"></a><a href="#citation6b" -class="footnote">[6b]</a> Sir Thomas Meeres was knighted 11 -June, 1660. He was almost continuously M.P. for Lincoln -from 1660 to his death in 1708. (“Architect. Soc. -Journal,” 1891, p. 13.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote7"></a><a href="#citation7" -class="footnote">[7]</a> The late Poet Laureate, in his -poem “Walking to the Mail” (Poems, 1842), tells of a -farmer who was so pestered by the presence of this ghost about -his house, that he harnessed his horse to his cart and started to -leave home to get rid of it:—</p> -<blockquote><p>“The farmer, vext, packs up his bed,<br /> -And all the household stuff, and chairs,<br /> -And with his boy betwixt his knees, his wife<br /> -Upon the tilt—sets out and meets a friend,<br /> -Who hails him, ‘What! Art flitting?’<br /> -‘Yes, we’re flitting,’ says the ghost,<br /> -For they had packed her among the beds.<br /> -‘Oh! Well!’ the farmer says, ‘You’re -flitting with us too!<br /> -‘Jack, turn the horse’s head, and home -again.’”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>There are sundry other ghosts, or witches, remembered in the -neighbourhood, which may be heard of by the curious.</p> -<p><a name="footnote9"></a><a href="#citation9" -class="footnote">[9]</a> Among the lists of institutions to -benefices, preserved in the Archives at Lincoln, is that of -“Thomas Hardie, clerk, presented by the Dean and Chapter, -Vicar, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1567.” This -was in the reign of Queen Elizabeth; the patronage, therefore, -was probably granted to that body by her father, Henry VIII., on -the dissolution of the Tattershall College. -(“Institutions, 1540–1570,” edited by Rev. C. -W. Foster.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote10"></a><a href="#citation10" -class="footnote">[10]</a> The writer has reason to remember -the hollowness of the beck, for on one occasion, when riding with -the foxhounds, there being a steep descent to the beck, and the -beck itself having rotten, hollow banks, the soil gave way -beneath his horse’s hind legs, and, although they landed on -the other side, the horse was all in a heap, and the rider shot -over its head. They, however, recovered themselves, and no -other riders attempting it they gained a considerable advantage -over the rest of the field. When shooting along its banks -he has seen places where the hollowness was still more marked, -the beck itself being barely more than two feet wide, and four -feet, or even more, deep.</p> -<p><a name="footnote12a"></a><a href="#citation12a" -class="footnote">[12a]</a> “The culverhouse, or -dovecote, attached to old baronial and other houses, was a -valuable source of food supply in days when the fattening of -cattle was not understood.” (“Nature and -Woodcraft,” by J. Watson.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote12b"></a><a href="#citation12b" -class="footnote">[12b]</a> The existence of this watermill -is not without interest. They were a source of considerable -revenue, and this probably belonged to the monks of Tattershall -College, and all their tenants would be expected to have their -grain ground at it. In an ancient MS., of Spalding Priory, -it is recorded that certain tenants of the Prior were heavily -fined because they took their corn to be ground elsewhere.</p> -<p><a name="footnote12c"></a><a href="#citation12c" -class="footnote">[12c]</a> At a monastery at Norwich 1,500 -quarters of malt were used annually for ale. Ingulphus, the -abbot of Croyland, laments in his History, the damage caused by a -fire at the Abbey, inasmuch as it “destroyed the cellar and -casks full of ale therein” (quoted Oliver’s -“Religious Houses,” p. 15, note 5).</p> -<p><a name="footnote13"></a><a href="#citation13" -class="footnote">[13]</a> The full inscription -is:—“Here lyeth Rychard Lyttleburye, of Stanesbye in -ye countie of Lincoln Esquier and Elizabeth his wyffe daughter of -Sir Edmund Jenney of Knotsolt in the countie of Suff. Knight, -which Richard departed this lyfe in the xiii year of the Reign of -King Henry ye eight Ao. D’ni. 1521 and Elizabeth dyed in ye -xv yeare of ye Raigne of ye sayd King H. Ao. 1523.”</p> -<p><a name="footnote15a"></a><a href="#citation15a" -class="footnote">[15a]</a> See Notices on Baumber, -Bolingbroke, Hareby, East Kirkby, etc.</p> -<p><a name="footnote15b"></a><a href="#citation15b" -class="footnote">[15b]</a> See the Notices of Baumber and -Stourton.</p> -<p><a name="footnote16"></a><a href="#citation16" -class="footnote">[16]</a> They had also large possessions -in the counties of York and Durham.</p> -<p><a name="footnote19"></a><a href="#citation19" -class="footnote">[19]</a> The descendants of Ivo Tailbois -seem to have lost the commanding position of their ancestor; -since in a Close roll of Henry VII., No 30., it is stated that -Sir Robert Dymmok, and others, “being seized of the Manors -of Sotby and Baumburg, granted an annuity therefrom of £20 -to William Tailboys, who now assigns the deed, granting that -annuity to him, to Bartholomew Rede, citizen, and goldsmith, of -London, for a debt,” (evidently a London money-lender), -Dated May 9th, Henry VII., <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1494.</p> -<p><a name="footnote20"></a><a href="#citation20" -class="footnote">[20]</a> This Mr. Thomas Livesey married -Lydia, widow of Matthew Dymoke Lister, Esq., of Burwell Park, and -was buried at Burwell, 1790, March 28th. (‘Notices of -the Listers’, “Architect Journal,” 1897, pp. -92, 3).</p> -<p><a name="footnote26a"></a><a href="#citation26a" -class="footnote">[26a]</a> According to <i>Magna -Britannia</i>, it had an annual fair as well as a weekly market, -on Tuesdays; although Leland (Itiner. Cur., vol. vii. 52), says -“It hath once a year a fair, but hath no weekly -market.” But surely the larger mart could imply the -smaller, and Weir in his History of Lincolnshire (vol. ii. p. -407), mentions an attempt at New Bolingbroke, to “revive -the market on Tuesday,” showing that there was one of -old.</p> -<p><a name="footnote26b"></a><a href="#citation26b" -class="footnote">[26b]</a> To show the extent of the soke, -we find from “Inquisition post mort. 41, Ed. III., No. -47,” that in 1367 it was decided that Ralph de Nevill holds -“a fee in Ulceby, as of this Manor.” Yet Ulceby -is distant several miles.</p> -<p><a name="footnote27"></a><a href="#citation27" -class="footnote">[27]</a> The Tenor bell was also re-hung -at her expense.</p> -<p><a name="footnote28"></a><a href="#citation28" -class="footnote">[28]</a> The present writer had the charge -of that excursion, and twice visited the church in company of the -Precentor, to examine its details, which he has done again at a -more recent date.</p> -<p><a name="footnote29"></a><a href="#citation29" -class="footnote">[29]</a> That there was a chantry here is -proved by the fact, that at the Lincolnshire Rising in 1536, the -Bishop’s Chancellor Dr. Rayner, was seized while being ill -in bed at the house of the Chantry Priest, and afterwards -murdered. Arch. S. Journal, 1894, p. 195.</p> -<p><a name="footnote30a"></a><a href="#citation30a" -class="footnote">[30a]</a> Proceed. Archæolog. Inst. -Lincoln. (1848, p. 188).</p> -<p><a name="footnote30b"></a><a href="#citation30b" -class="footnote">[30b]</a> She was given in marriage by -William the Conqueror to his nephew, Ivo Taille-bois, Earl of -Anjou; but he dying early to her great relief, she married -secondly Roger de Romara, son of Gerald, who had been Seneschall -or High Steward to William as Duke of Normandy, before the -conquest of England. For third husband she married Ranulph, -Earl of Chester.</p> -<p><a name="footnote30c"></a><a href="#citation30c" -class="footnote">[30c]</a> A tradition still lingers in the -parish of Bucknall, that the place was in some way connected with -the Lady Godiva; and here we get the connection. Her -brother, and therefore doubtless her father, was Lord of the -Demesne of Bucknall. The Lord (Saxon “Laford”) -and Lady (Saxon “Lafdig”) were esteemed for the loaf -(Saxon “Laf”) dealt out to the hungry dependants, and -their memory still lingers like a sweet savour behind them.</p> -<p><a name="footnote31a"></a><a href="#citation31a" -class="footnote">[31a]</a> The Lady Lucia conveyed, and the -conveyance was confirmed by King John, the church and benefice of -Bolingbroke to the Priory of Spalding (Dugdale Monasticon ii., -381); and, according to Liber Regis, it paid to the Priory a -pension of £3 6s. 8d.</p> -<p><a name="footnote31b"></a><a href="#citation31b" -class="footnote">[31b]</a> The Thorolds were also men of -position in Normandy. The name is on the ancient Bayeux -tapestry; and it also still survives in the old family residence, -the Hotel de Bourgthorould, in Rouen.</p> -<p><a name="footnote32"></a><a href="#citation32" -class="footnote">[32]</a> The Head Office of the Duchy is -now in London at Lancaster-place, Strand; but two courts are held -at Bolingbroke in May and October for all copyhold accounts.</p> -<p><a name="footnote34a"></a><a href="#citation34a" -class="footnote">[34a]</a> There was formerly at Edlington -an old Jacobean Hall, on the site of the later Hall. The -entire fittings of the dining room of this structure, some 23ft. -in length, still survive in the dining room of Rollestone House, -Horncastle, the residence of R. Jalland, Esq.</p> -<p><a name="footnote34b"></a><a href="#citation34b" -class="footnote">[34b]</a> Mrs. Heald was the daughter of -George Heald, Esq., Barrister, of the Chancery Court, commonly -known, as “Chancellor Heald,” to whom, with his wife, -and daughter Emma, there is a marble monument, on the north wall -of the Chancel, in St. Mary’s Church, Horncastle. He -died, March l8th, 1834. The Chancellor also at one time -resided at Edlington Hall.</p> -<p><a name="footnote37a"></a><a href="#citation37a" -class="footnote">[37a]</a> This Sir Walter Tailboys was the -son of Henry Tailboys, and his wife Ahanora, who was daughter and -heir of Gilbert Burdon, and his wife Elizabeth, the latter being -sister and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of Angus.</p> -<p><a name="footnote37b"></a><a href="#citation37b" -class="footnote">[37b]</a> Sir John Bolles, of Thorpe Hall, -is the hero of the tradition of “the Green Lady,” of -that place. She nursed him while imprisoned in Spain, and -fell in love with him. He was obliged to explain to her -that he had a wife at home already, whereupon she made valuable -presents of jewellery to him for his wife. She was said to -haunt Thorpe Hall, and for some time a plate was always laid, and -a vacant place kept for her at the table. Some of this -jewellery still exists, and is worn, to my knowledge, by -connections of the family (see Percy’s Ballads, vol. I., -“The Spanish Lady’s Love”).</p> -<p><a name="footnote41"></a><a href="#citation41" -class="footnote">[41]</a> In the “Placito de quo -Warranto,” p. 409, these gallows are distinctly referred to -as “furcœ in Edlington,” and the same document -says “Abbs de Bardeney venit hic,” etc., “the -Abbot of Bardney comes here,” doubtless to see for himself -that the punishment is duly inflicted.</p> -<p><a name="footnote47a"></a><a href="#citation47a" -class="footnote">[47a]</a> Lady of the Lake, Canto IV. 12, -the Ballad of Alice Brand.</p> -<p><a name="footnote47b"></a><a href="#citation47b" -class="footnote">[47b]</a> Mavis is the thrush, and Merle -the blackbird.</p> -<p><a name="footnote47c"></a><a href="#citation47c" -class="footnote">[47c]</a> Domesday Book, translated by -Charles Gowan Smith, dedicated to Earl Brownlow, Earl Yarborough, -and H. Chaplin, Esq., M.P. (Simpkin, Marshall and Co.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote49"></a><a href="#citation49" -class="footnote">[49]</a> The Billesbies were a good -family. Sir Andrew Billesby was involved in the rebellion -of 1536. He was steward of Louth Park Abbey and Bullington -Priory.</p> -<p><a name="footnote54"></a><a href="#citation54" -class="footnote">[54]</a> This Bishop was, at the date of -Domesday, William de Karilepho. He had been Abbot of St. -Vincent; was consecrated Bishop of Durham, January 3rd, 1082, and -held the office of Chief Justice of England under the -Conqueror. He was an ambitious man, and acquired great -possessions, largely in this neighbourhood. He was banished -from his See for three years by William Rufus for conspiring, -with many of the nobility, against the throne. And for the -part which he took in the quarrel between Rufus and Archbishop -Anselm, he was so severely rebuked that he died of wounded -pride.</p> -<p><a name="footnote58"></a><a href="#citation58" -class="footnote">[58]</a> We have, in the north of the -county, Goxhill which, in Domesday Book, is Golse; and in -Broughton, not far from thence, is the hamlet Gokewell; both of -which may contain the same prefix. Although Goltho, which -has a similar sound, is a corruption of Caldicot.</p> -<p><a name="footnote59"></a><a href="#citation59" -class="footnote">[59]</a> It is not improbable that these -early possessions in Goulceby, &c., may have come to the -Cromwells indirectly on the females’ side, through their -connections, the Willoughbys; since we find, by a Feet of Fines -(Lincoln, folio 69, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1302), -that as early as the reign of Edward I., a suit was instituted -between John Bec (of the ancient Spilsby and Lusby family), and -Robert Wylgheby; wherein it was proved that the Willoughbys even -then held lands in “Golkeby, Donington,” etc.</p> -<p><a name="footnote60a"></a><a href="#citation60a" -class="footnote">[60a]</a> Feet of Fines, Lincoln, Trinity, -22 Elizabeth (“Architect. S. Journ.” 1895, p. -129.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote60b"></a><a href="#citation60b" -class="footnote">[60b]</a> I have referred to this Thomas -Glemham, in notices of Mareham-le-Fen, of which manor he was -Lord. Other members of the family settled elsewhere in the -neighbourhood, besides Burwell, the headquarters.</p> -<p><a name="footnote60c"></a><a href="#citation60c" -class="footnote">[60c]</a> British Museum, Add., 5524., -fol. 68.</p> -<p><a name="footnote60d"></a><a href="#citation60d" -class="footnote">[60d]</a> He was eventually imprisoned by -Cromwell, and died in exile in Holland.</p> -<p><a name="footnote61"></a><a href="#citation61" -class="footnote">[61]</a> It is also stated that Mrs. -Eleanor Lister “was buryed in ye vault, Dec. ye 28th, in -woollen”; and their first-born grandson Matthew, baptized 7 -May, 1703, was “buried in woollen” on the 13th of the -same month.</p> -<p><a name="footnote69"></a><a href="#citation69" -class="footnote">[69]</a> Of course it is possible that the -supposed owner of Greetham may have been this second Lord -Strafford, whose Ancestors held Ashby Puerorum. I quote -this from a paper in the “Architectural Society’s -Journal” of 1891, by Rev. A. R. Maddison, F.S.A., entitled -“A Ramble through the parish of St. Mary Magdalene,” -in which he mentions house property in Lincoln belonging to the -Wentworths. It certainly shows a connection of the -Wentworths with Ashby Puerorum, then probably still an -appurtenance of the Greetham Manor.</p> -<p><a name="footnote73"></a><a href="#citation73" -class="footnote">[73]</a> The close connection of Haugh and -Hagi, is shown by Domesday Book, which called the Lincolnshire -village Haugh Hage. Taylor (“Words and Places”) -connected the word with “hedge” and our modern -“haw-haw,” a sunk fence; and so a hedged -enclosure.</p> -<p><a name="footnote75"></a><a href="#citation75" -class="footnote">[75]</a> The present holders of this title -(the Keppels), are a different family, their honour dating only -from 1696. Albemarle or Awmarle, a town in North Normandy, -is now Aumale, from which the Duc d’Aumale takes his -title.</p> -<p><a name="footnote76"></a><a href="#citation76" -class="footnote">[76]</a> The Blunts (or Blounts) were an -old Norman Family, who came over at the Conquest. The name -is in the Rolls of Battle Abbey. Walter Blunt was created -Baron de Mountjoy by Ed. IV. The fine church of Sleaford -was built by Roger Blunt, in 1271, as appears from an old MS. -found in the parish chest (“Saunder’s Hist.,” -vol. ii. p. 252). Camden (“Britannia,” p. 517), -says that they had a “a fine house” in his day (circa -1600), at Kidderminster, and he mentions Sir Charles Blunt, -Knight, as having a fine seat at Kimlet in Salop, where their -“name is very famous” (p. 542). The late Sir -Charles Blunt used to visit Harrington in this neighbourhood, -where the writer has met him, in days gone by, and enjoyed sport -with his beagles.</p> -<p><a name="footnote78"></a><a href="#citation78" -class="footnote">[78]</a> Richard Gedney, in his will dated -1 April, 1613, speaks highly of Thomas Cheales of Hagworthingham, -“Yeoman, whom he makes his trustee.” A junior -branch of the Cheales family now reside at Friskney. The -Rev. Alan Cheales still owns land here, now residing at -Reading. He is the 11th in descent from Anthonie, who -bought the property in 1590.</p> -<p><a name="footnote82"></a><a href="#citation82" -class="footnote">[82]</a> These are no longer to be found, -but they were mentioned in a MS. belonging to Sir Joseph Banks, -dated 1784. Another brief was for “ye first Fast day -for ye Plague, 1665, the sum of 15<sup>s</sup> -6<sup>a</sup>” (August 2nd) “September ye 6th, ye 2nd -Fast day for ye Plague 1665 . . . 13<i>s</i> 7<i>d</i> and -2<i>s</i> more was added afterwards.” Six Fast days -were mentioned, when money was collected “for ye -Plague.” Among items, in the Church accounts, -were:—“A sheet borne over the sacrament,” a -“Kyrchuffe that our Lady’s coat was lapped in,” -“to Peter Babbe for gilding the Trinity, iiii<sup>li</sup> -xvi<sup>s</sup> 0<sup>d</sup>.” “It for -painting the Dancing geere,” (<i>i.e.</i> at the -May-pole). “It for viii. pound of waxe for Sepulchre -lights iiii<sup>s</sup> iiii<sup>d</sup>.” “It -for ii. antiphoonies bought at Stirbridge faire (&c.) -iii<sup>li</sup> xi<sup>s</sup> 7<sup>d</sup>”; “It -for thacking the steeple x<sup>s</sup>”; “To William -Edwards for finding our Lady’s light viiii<sup>s</sup> -iiii<sup>d</sup>”; “iii<sup>li</sup> x<sup>s</sup> -given to finde yearly an obitt for the soul of Lawrence Clerke, . -. . to say Dirige and Masse, . . . and for the bede roule,” -&c. There are charges, for “vi gallons yearly of -aile” for the ringers. The “Church corne, given -of the good will of the inhabitants to the value of -xx<sup>s</sup> viii<sup>d</sup>.” “Wessell -(Wassail) for the young men.” “The town bull -sold for ii<sup>s</sup> viii<sup>d</sup> a quarter.” -&c., &c. (“Lincs. N & Q.” vol. i. -pp. 5–13).</p> -<p><a name="footnote83"></a><a href="#citation83" -class="footnote">[83]</a> There are mounds, and traces of a -moat in a field in Langton, showing that there was formerly a -large residence, probably the home of this branch of the Angevin -family, who came over with the Conqueror.</p> -<p><a name="footnote84a"></a><a href="#citation84a" -class="footnote">[84a]</a> Gair means a triangular piece of -land which requires ploughing a different way from the rest of -the field. There was a Thomas Baudewin had lands in -Coningsby in the reign of Henry III. 106. Coram Rege Roll, 42, -Henry III. “Linc. N. & Q.” iv. p. 102.</p> -<p><a name="footnote84b"></a><a href="#citation84b" -class="footnote">[84b]</a> A pulse diet, for man or beast, -seems to have been very general. Pesedale-gate, means the -gate, or road by the Pease-valley. We have Pesewang, -<i>i.e.</i> Peasefield, in High Toynton, Pesegote-lane in -Spilsby, and there are similar names at Louth, and elsewhere.</p> -<p><a name="footnote87"></a><a href="#citation87" -class="footnote">[87]</a> Streatfeild (“Lincolnshire -and the Danes,” p. 219) says “from the old Norse -‘heri,’ or hare, come Eresby (or Heresby) and -Hareby.” In south Lincolnshire, hares are still -called “heres.” The canting crest of the -Withers’s family, is a hare’s head, with ears -up-pricked. Whether there is any connection between -“ear” and “eres” or hares, I know not, -but the long ears are a distinguishing feature, and often the -only part of the animal visible in tall covers; and there is the -same variation, in the presence, or absence, of the aspirate, -between the noun “ear” and the verb “to -hear,” as between Eresby and Hareby. The writer has a -vivid recollection of the hares as a feature of the locality, as -he has frequently joined coursing parties at Hareby, many years -ago, when there was game enough to afford sport for 30 couple of -greyhounds. Fuller in his “Worthies of -England,” p. 150 (Circa 1659), tells of a Dutchman who came -over and spent a season in hunting “in Lincolniensi montium -tractu,” in the mountainous parts of Lincolnshire; and as -foxhounds were not established at that date, this must have been -hare hunting in these Wolds.</p> -<p><a name="footnote88"></a><a href="#citation88" -class="footnote">[88]</a> These accounts are worked out -carefully, by Weir, in his History, but the various steps are -very complicated and some authorities differ from him in minor -details. By an Inquisition, 37 Henry III., it was shewn -that in 1253, William de Bavent owned the Castle and manors -attached to it.</p> -<p><a name="footnote90a"></a><a href="#citation90a" -class="footnote">[90a]</a> See “History of the -Ayscoughs,” by J. Conway Walter, published by Mr. W. K. -Morton, Horncastle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote90b"></a><a href="#citation90b" -class="footnote">[90b]</a> Of this Blagge the following -anecdote is preserved. He was a favourite with Henry VIII., -who called him familiarly his “little pig.” A -retrograde religious movement occurring towards the end of this -reign, Blagge, with others, was imprisoned as an offender against -the law of the Six Articles (1539) against Popish -practices. By Henry’s interposition he was released -and restored to his office. On his first re-appearance at -Court, the King said to him:—“So you have got back -again my little pig,” to which Blagge replied, “Yes, -and but for your Majesty’s clemency, I should have been -<i>roast</i> pig before now.”</p> -<p><a name="footnote90c"></a><a href="#citation90c" -class="footnote">[90c]</a> The Cuppledykes were large -owners of property in this neighbourhood, several of their -monuments still remaining in Harrington Church and elsewhere.</p> -<p><a name="footnote91"></a><a href="#citation91" -class="footnote">[91]</a> The pedigree of the Littleburies -is given in the “Visitation of Lincolnshire,” <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1562–1564, edited by Mr. W. -Metcalf, F.S.A., A. Bell & Sons, 1881. Sir Humphrey -Littlebury was descended from Hamon Littlebury, of Littlebury -Manor, Essex, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1138. Sir -Martin Littlebury Knight was Chief Justice of England, 28 Henry -III., <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1243. Fuller -particulars of this family are given in other of these -Records.</p> -<p><a name="footnote93"></a><a href="#citation93" -class="footnote">[93]</a> This record is interesting as -giving an instance of the title “Sir” as applied to -the Clergy. A graduate of the University, having the M.A. -degree was styled “Master” so and so, but when in -Holy Orders, if he was only a B.A. he was styled -“dominus,” the English equivalent of which was -“Sir.” This was a general style of address, and -was continued in the Isle of Man to a late period.</p> -<p>In “A Short Treatise on the Isle of Man,” by James -Chaloner, governor, date 1656, it is stated that all the clergy -who are natives have this title, even in one case a curate being -so styled. In Bale’s “Image of bothe -Churches” (circa 1550), it is said, “the most ragged -runagate among them is no less than a Sir, which is a Lord in the -Latin.” In Pulleyn’s “Etymological -Compendium,” we find “The title of ‘Sir’ -was given to all who had taken a degree, or had entered into -Orders.” Thus, Hearne, the Antiquary, after he had -taken the degree of B.A., was addressed as “Sir -Hearne” (Aubrey’s Letters, i. 117), and William -Waynfleet (afterwards Bishop of Winchester), when he had taken -the same degree, was called “Sir Waynfleet,” -(“Chandler’s Life,” p. 54), Chaucer in his -“Canterbury Tales,” speaks of “Sir -Clerk,” “Sir Monk,” and it even appeared in -Acts of Parliament, as 12 and 13 Ed. IV., N. 14, “Sir James -Theckness, Preste,” and i. Henry VII., p. 11, “Sir -Oliver Langton, Preste? Sir Robert Nayelsthorp, -Preste.”</p> -<p><a name="footnote95"></a><a href="#citation95" -class="footnote">[95]</a> In a ploughed field, about 300 -yards from the main road, a large boulder was discovered by a -ploughman, in 1902, measuring about 3ft. in length, some -2½ft. in height, and about the same in thickness, being -also ice-borne Neocomian.</p> -<p><a name="footnote98a"></a><a href="#citation98a" -class="footnote">[98a]</a> The learned Dr. Oliver -(“Religious Houses,” Appendix, p. 167, note 40) says, -“wherever the word ‘Kir,’ or any of its -derivatives, is found, it implies a former Druid -temple.” This syllable forms the base of the Latin -“Circulus,” and our own “Circle.” -We find many interesting British names containing it; for -instance, in the name of that favourite resort of tourists in -North Wales, Capel Curig, we have the plural Kerig, implying the -British (or Druid) sacred circle of stones, while we have also, -prefixed, the translation of it by the Roman Conquerors of those -Britons, “Capella,” or Chapel. As a parallel to -this, we may mention, that in Wiltshire on “Temple” -Downs, there are some stone Druidical remains, which are locally -known by the name of “Old Chapel” (Oliver, Ibid., p. -175, note 66). Again in Kerig y Druidion, another place in -North Wales, we have the sacred circle “Kerig,” -directly connected with the Druids, in the suffix Druidion. -There is also at Kirkby Green, near Sleaford, a spot called -“Chapel Hill,” another at the neighbouring village -Dorrington (“Darun” the Druid sacred oak), and also -south of Coningsby, on the sacred Witham, all probably sites of -Druid worship.</p> -<p><a name="footnote98b"></a><a href="#citation98b" -class="footnote">[98b]</a> Mr. Taylor (“Words and -Places” p. 130) says, “the names of our rivers are -Celtic (<i>i.e.</i> British).” There is a river Ben, -in Co. Mayo; Bandon, Co. Cork; Bann, Co. Wexford; Bana, Co. Down; -Bannon (Ban-avon), in Pembrokeshire; Banney, in Yorkshire; and -Bain, in Hertfordshire.</p> -<p><a name="footnote99a"></a><a href="#citation99a" -class="footnote">[99a]</a> The exact meaning of -“by” is seen in the German, which is akin. In -Luther’s translation of Job. xxvi. 5, for “they -dwell,” the old German is “die bey”; the latter -word being our word “bide,” or -“abide.” A “by” was an -“abode,” or permanent residence; so the Lincolnshire -farmer calls the foundation of his stack, the -“steddle,” connected with the Saxon, -“steady,” and “stead” in -“homestead,” &c.</p> -<p><a name="footnote99b"></a><a href="#citation99b" -class="footnote">[99b]</a> Government Geological Survey, -pp. 154–5.</p> -<p><a name="footnote100a"></a><a href="#citation100a" -class="footnote">[100a]</a> Portions of Waddingworth and -Wispington are given in Domesday Book, as being in the soke of -Great Stourton, and Kirkby-on-Bain. Stourton Magna, was -formerly a place of some importance, sites being still known as -the positions of the market place, &c.</p> -<p><a name="footnote100b"></a><a href="#citation100b" -class="footnote">[100b]</a> The names of Fulbeck, and -Fulstow, are given in Domesday Book, as Fugel-beck, and -Fugel-stow.</p> -<p><a name="footnote101a"></a><a href="#citation101a" -class="footnote">[101a]</a> Charter copied from -“Dugdale” v., 456. Date 1199.</p> -<p><a name="footnote101b"></a><a href="#citation101b" -class="footnote">[101b]</a> In a cartulary of Kirkstead -Abbey, of the early part of the 12th century, now in the British -Museum (“Vespasian” E. xviii.), there is an agreement -between the Abbot of Kirkstead, and Robert de Driby, “Lord -of Tumby,” that the Abbots’ “mastiffs” -should be allowed in “the warren,” of Tumby, at all -times of the year, with the shepherds, on condition that they do -not take greyhounds; and if the mastiffs do damage to the game, -they shall be removed, and other dogs taken in their stead. -(“Architect S. Journal” xxiii. p. 109).</p> -<p><a name="footnote102a"></a><a href="#citation102a" -class="footnote">[102a]</a> In the Cathedral of this City -is still preserved the famous Baieux tapestry, said to be the -work of Matilda, the Conqueror’s wife, in which are -represented the exploits of her husband, in the Conquest of -England.</p> -<p><a name="footnote102b"></a><a href="#citation102b" -class="footnote">[102b]</a> He remained a prisoner during -the reign of the Conqueror. On the accession of William -Rufus, he was set at liberty, and restored to favour; but, after -a time, heading a conspiracy against the King, in support of -Robert, Duke of Normandy, and being defeated, he once more -retired to that country, where Duke Robert rewarded him by making -him Governor of the province.</p> -<p><a name="footnote104a"></a><a href="#citation104a" -class="footnote">[104a]</a> Among the other parishes, -Cockerington, Owmby, Withcall, Hainton, North Thoresby, -Friesthorpe, Normanby, Ingham, Sixhills, &c., in all -seventeen.</p> -<p><a name="footnote104b"></a><a href="#citation104b" -class="footnote">[104b]</a> The historian Camden -(“Britannia,” fol. 711, 712), gives a curious origin -of the name Pontefract, which means “Broken -Bridge.” He says that William Archbishop of York, -returning from Rome, was here met by such crowds, to crave his -blessing, that the bridge over the river Aire broke beneath their -weight, and great numbers fell into the river. The prayers -of the saint preserved them from being drowned, and hence the -name was given to the place. This however, occurred <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1154, and, as documents exist of an -earlier date, in which the name is found, as already in use, the -legend would seem to be a fabrication. It is probable, says -another historian, that Hildebert gave the name to the place, -from its resemblance to some place in his own country where he -was born; the name being of Latin or Norman origin.</p> -<p><a name="footnote104c"></a><a href="#citation104c" -class="footnote">[104c]</a> These connections, with -authorities, are given fully in an article on the “Descent -of the Earldom of Lincoln,” in “Proceedings of the -Archæological Institute” for 1848, Lincoln volume pp. -252–278.</p> -<p><a name="footnote106"></a><a href="#citation106" -class="footnote">[106]</a> As an illustration of the -fickleness and superstition of the times, although he was -condemned as a traitor by Edward II., he was regarded as a martyr -in the cause of liberty by the people, and was canonized as a -Saint by Edward III., son of the King who condemned him. -Miracles were said to be wrought at his tomb; and a Church was -built, for pilgrims to the place where he was executed. -(Rapin’s Hist. vol. i. for 396; Boothroyd’s -“Hist. Pontefract” pp. 95, &c).</p> -<p><a name="footnote108"></a><a href="#citation108" -class="footnote">[108]</a> To show the power and -lawlessness of some of these Lords of Kirkby and Tumby, it is -recorded that the servants of this Simon de Driby took a waggon, -with a hogshead of wine, from Louth to Tumby, by their -master’s orders, and there forcibly detained it, “to -the damage of 60<sup>s</sup>.” a large sum in those -days. (“Hundred Rolls,” p. 333.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote109a"></a><a href="#citation109a" -class="footnote">[109a]</a> The last Baron D’Eyncourt -died in the reign of Henry VI. His sister married Ralph -Lord Cromwell. Probably from this connection the warden of -Tattershall College had lands in Kirton (“Peerage,” -vol. ii., p. 62, and Tanner’s “Notitiæ,” -p. 286.) The D’Eyncourts still survive at Bayons -Manor, near Market Rasen. Their ancestors came over with -the Conqueror, and held many manors in Lincolnshire. Walter -D’Eyncourt was a great benefactor to Kirkstead Abbey in the -reign of Ed. I. (Madox, “Baronia Anglica,” p. -217.) The first Walter was a near relative of Bishop -Remigius, who also accompanied the Conqueror. A tomb was -opened in Lincoln Cathedral in 1741 supposed to be that of this -Walter, and the body was found carefully sewn up in leather.</p> -<p><a name="footnote109b"></a><a href="#citation109b" -class="footnote">[109b]</a> Of another of the Cromwells, a -few years later, it is found by a Chancery Inquisition post -mortem (15 Hen. VI., No. 71) that, to prove his birth, John -Hackthorne, of Walmsgare, testifies that he saw him baptized; and -being asked how he knows this, he says that, on the said day, he -saw Thomas Hauley, knight, lift the said infant, Robert Cromwell, -at the font. This Sir Robert was succeeded by Ralph Lord -Cromwell in 1442. This Sir T. Hauley also presented to the -benefice of Candlesby, next after Matilda, wife of Ralph Lord -Cromwell (“Linc. N. and Q,” vi., p. 76.) Thus -there was a Hawley connected with the place at that early period, -but, as will be shown further on, the family of the present Sir -H. M. Hawley did not obtain their property here till more than -300 years later (“Architect S. Journal,” xxiii., p. -125).</p> -<p><a name="footnote111"></a><a href="#citation111" -class="footnote">[111]</a> In former times parsons had the -title “Sir,” not as being Knights, or Baronets, but -as the translation of “Dominus,” now rendered by -“Reverend.”</p> -<p><a name="footnote115a"></a><a href="#citation115a" -class="footnote">[115a]</a> In those days the wild boar, as -well as deer, were plentiful in our forests, and were protected -by royal statute. The punishment for anyone killing a boar, -without the King’s licence, was the loss of his eyes. -They became extinct about <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, -1620; as to the deer, an old Patent Roll (13, Richard II., pt. 1, -m. 3), mentions that a toll of one half penny was leviable on -every “100 skins of roebuck, foxes, hares, &c.,” -brought for sale to the Horncastle market. This would look -as though roe-deer at least, were then fairly plentiful.</p> -<p><a name="footnote115b"></a><a href="#citation115b" -class="footnote">[115b]</a> For further particulars of this -family see “History of the Ayscoughs,” by J. Conway -Walter, published by W. K. Morton, Horncastle. Henry -Ascoughe, by his will, dated 16 Nov. 1601, desires to be buried -in the parish church of Moorbye (“Maddison’s -Wills.”)</p> -<p><a name="footnote117a"></a><a href="#citation117a" -class="footnote">[117a]</a> Two different things were -formerly meant by the term “graduale,” or -“grayle.” (1) It was the name given to the -Communion Chalice, or Paten, probably from the -“Sangraal,” or holy vessel, said to have been found -in the chamber of “the last supper,” of our Lord, by -Joseph of Arimathæa, and in which he afterwards collected -the blood (sang-reale, or King’s blood), from the wounds of -the crucified Saviour. This vessel, in Arthurian romance, -was said to have been preserved in Britain, and to have possessed -miraculous properties. The legend has been finely adopted -by our late Poet Laureate in the “Quest of the Holy -Grayle,” among his “Idylls of the King.” -(2). The name was given to a part of the service of the Mass in -pre-Reformation times, which was called the -“Gradual,” or grail, because it was used at the steps -(“gradus”) of the chancel. As the inscription -on the first-named of these Kirkby tombs mentioned the gift of a -“Missal,” or mass book, it is probable that the -“gradual” here mentioned was this portion of the mass -book, and not the Communion Chalice, or Paten. The -Communion plate of Kirkby does not appear to be very old.</p> -<p><a name="footnote117b"></a><a href="#citation117b" -class="footnote">[117b]</a> The writer of these Records has -also a copy of this engraving, it is dated 1800, and has the -initials, E. C. The church is represented with the roof -fallen in, the porch closed by rails, south wall of nave, with -two 3-light windows, in a dilapidated## condition, a -priest’s door in chancel, with two 2-light windows above -it, a shabby low tower, with pinnacles, scarcely rising above the -roof, the whole overgrown with weeds; and churchyard and -grave-stones in a neglected state.</p> -<p><a name="footnote119"></a><a href="#citation119" -class="footnote">[119]</a> In the reign of Ed. I. it was -complained that the too powerful Abbot of Kirkstead erected a -gallows at Thimbleby (being patron of that benefice), where he -executed various offenders (“Hundred Rolls,” p. 299), -and Simon de Tumby had gallows at Ashby Puerorum, of which there -is probably still a trace, in “Galley Lane” in that -parish. (“Hundred Rolls,” 1275).</p> -<p><a name="footnote121"></a><a href="#citation121" -class="footnote">[121]</a> The Kings held property in this -neighbourhood late in the 16th century. By will, dated Jan. -23, 1614, Edwd. King, of Ashby, bequeathed to his son John the -manor house of Salmonby, and it was not till 1595 that the Hall -of Ashby de la Laund was built.</p> -<p><a name="footnote122"></a><a href="#citation122" -class="footnote">[122]</a> This conduit still exists. -“Linc. & Q.” vol. iv. p. 131.</p> -<p><a name="footnote123a"></a><a href="#citation123a" -class="footnote">[123a]</a> At Greetham there is a field -called Gousles, or Gouts-leys. We find the same in -Gautby. “St. Peter at Gowt’s,” in -Lincoln; and “Gaut” is a common term for the outlets -of fen and marsh drains.</p> -<p><a name="footnote123b"></a><a href="#citation123b" -class="footnote">[123b]</a> There is in Hameringham a -Baldvine gaire, given by the clerk to the Revesby Monks. -See notes on Hameringham.</p> -<p><a name="footnote123c"></a><a href="#citation123c" -class="footnote">[123c]</a> The name Massenge is not a -common one, but we find that Thomas Masinge was presented to the -Vicarage of Frampton, by King Philip and Queen Mary, 6 August, -1556 (‘Lincolnshire Institutions,’ “Linc. N. -& Q,” vol. v., p. 165.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote123d"></a><a href="#citation123d" -class="footnote">[123d]</a> The Goodricks were a fairly -good family, originally settled at Nortingley, Somersetshire; but -the Lincolnshire branch came from the marriage of Henry, son of -Robert Goodrick, with the heiress daughter of Thomas Stickford of -this county. According to one version, one of his -descendants, Edward Goderich, of East Kirkby, married as his -second wife, Jane, daughter and heir of a Mr. Williamson of -Boston, whose children were Henry, Thomas (Lord Chancellor), -John, Katherine, and Elizabeth; of whom John married the daughter -and co-heiress of Sir Lionel Dymoke, of Stickford. -According to another version, the John, of Bolingbroke, who died -in 1493, had two sons, William and Richard. William was of -East Kirkby, and was father of (1) the John, above-named, who -married Miss Dymoke, (2) Henry, ancestor of the Goodricks, -baronets, of Yorkshire, and (3) Thomas, Bishop of Ely, and Lord -Chancellor, temp. Ed. VI., and one of the compilers of the -Reformed Liturgy (“Linc. N. & Q,” vol. i., p. -122). In the reign of Elizabeth, Edward Goodrick, of East -Kirkby, subscribed £25 to the Armada Fund (“Linc. N. -and Q.,” vol. ii., p. 132; “Architect. S. -Journal,” 1894, p. 214.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote124a"></a><a href="#citation124a" -class="footnote">[124a]</a> See “Notes” on -Salmonby and Raithby.</p> -<p><a name="footnote124b"></a><a href="#citation124b" -class="footnote">[124b]</a> The term -“exhibition” is equivalent to maintenance; Edward was -evidently studying for “the Bar,” and this was -provision for him until he should be able to “practice at -the Bar,” as counsel in legal suits. The term -exhibition is still used at the Universities, along with -“scholarship,” for certain allowances, which are -granted to students, after examination, to aid them in their -University course.</p> -<p><a name="footnote125a"></a><a href="#citation125a" -class="footnote">[125a]</a> The Sapcotes were a well-to-do -middle-class family. In 1554 Thomas Chamberlaine, clerk, -was presented to the Church of Lee, Lincoln Diocese, by Edward -Sapcote, gentleman, one of the executors of the will of Henry -Sapcote, late alderman of the City of Lincoln (‘Lincoln -Institutions,’ “Linc. N. and Q,” v., p. -173.) William Sapcote was Rector of Belchford in -1558. By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, dated at -Hornecastell, 4 Nov., 23 Henry VII. (1507), the manor of Taunton -(Toynton) and advowson of Nether Taunton with other property were -recovered for Thomas Sapcote, and Joan his wife, and other -parties. (“Architect. S. Journal,” 1895, pp. -61–2.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote125b"></a><a href="#citation125b" -class="footnote">[125b]</a> The Palfreyman family resided -at Lusby. They were descended from William Palfreyman, who -was Mayor of Lincoln in 1536. Mr. E. Palfreyman contributed -“1 launce and 1 light horse” to the defence of the -country when the Spanish Armada was expected; one of them is -named among the List of Gentry in the county, on the -Herald’s Visitation in 1643 (“Linc. N. & -Q,” ii., p. 73.) Ralph Palfreyman was presented to -the Vicarage of Edlington in 1869, by Anthony Palfreyman, -merchant of the Staple, Lincoln (“Architect, S. -Journal,” 1897, p. 15.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote126"></a><a href="#citation126" -class="footnote">[126]</a> The Grynnees were -“nativi,” or tenants in bondage; yet, as sometimes -happens in modern days, a son married the daughter of a -knight. They were attached to the manor of Ingoldmells, -which then belonged to the King.</p> -<p><a name="footnote127a"></a><a href="#citation127a" -class="footnote">[127a]</a> The prefix may either be Ea -<i>i.e.</i> Eau, water, or Ey, Ea, island. The small -islands in the Thames are called eyots.</p> -<p><a name="footnote127b"></a><a href="#citation127b" -class="footnote">[127b]</a> By an Inquisition taken at -Partney, 8 Sep. 7 Hen. VIII (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -1491), it was found that Bernard Eland, son of Eustace Eland, -late of Stirton, Esquire is an idiot, and that he has an -infirmity called “Morbus Caducus; and he held his manor of -Stirton of the lord the King, by the service of two parts of a -knight’s fee.” (“Archit. S. Journ.” -1195, p. 74).</p> -<p><a name="footnote128"></a><a href="#citation128" -class="footnote">[128]</a> By an Inquisition, 20 Hen. vii -(<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1504, 5), held at Lincoln, it -was found that John Billsby and Nicholas Eland were seized of the -manor of Malbissh-Enderby, with appurtenances in Hagworthingham -and also of the manor of Bag Enderby, with appurtenances in -Somersby, &c.</p> -<p><a name="footnote129"></a><a href="#citation129" -class="footnote">[129]</a> This rood-screen has been -reproduced in late years in the restored churches of Brant -Broughton and Thornton Curtis. (“Linc. N. & -Q.,” 1896, p. 49).</p> -<p><a name="footnote131"></a><a href="#citation131" -class="footnote">[131]</a> Of Thomas Goodrick, Bishop of -Ely, we may observe that he was rather a -“timeserver,” though one of the supporters of Lady -Jane Grey, and acting on her Council during her nine days’ -reign. On the accession of Queen Mary, he did homage to -her, and was allowed to retain his bishopric. The historian -says of him, that “he was a busy secular-spirited man, -given up to factions and intrigues of state, preferring to keep -his bishopric before the discharge of his conscience.”</p> -<p>The name was probably originally spelt Gode-rich, and a Latin -epigram was composed, in allusion to this, as follows:—</p> -<blockquote><p>“Et bonus et dives, bene junctus et optimus -ordo,<br /> -Prœcedit bonitas, pone sequuntur opes”;</p> -</blockquote> -<p>which may be Englishised thus:—</p> -<blockquote><p>“Both <i>good</i> and <i>rich</i>, duly -combined,<br /> -The good in front, the rich behind.”</p> -</blockquote> -<p>There is probably a trace of the Goodrick family in a carved -stone over the kitchen door at the farmhouse close by the church, -on which the device is a cross “fitchée,” -rising from another recumbent cross, combined with a circle, -between the initials L and G, with the date above 1544.</p> -<p><a name="footnote133"></a><a href="#citation133" -class="footnote">[133]</a> Our modern rock-salt was unknown -till 1670, when it was accidentally found in Cheshire. -Before that time the only salt in use, was that collected by -evaporation, in “salt-pans,” on the Humber or the -sea-coast. Of these, Sharon Turner calculates (“Hist. -Anglo-Saxons,” vol. iii., p. 251, Ed., 1836), that there -were no less than 361 in the county.</p> -<p><a name="footnote135"></a><a href="#citation135" -class="footnote">[135]</a> Mills almost invariably belonged -to the lord of the manor, and were a source of considerable -profit, as at these only were the tenants allowed to have their -grain ground. As an evidence of their value it may be -mentioned that the Bishop of Worcester had, in the parish of -Stratford, two carucates of land, or 240 acres, which were rated -at 20<i>s.</i>, whereas a mill belonging to him, yielded -100<i>s.</i> He let his land at the annual rent of -5<i>d.</i> per acre, but his mill was let for £5. -When the Conqueror’s Commissioners visited Lincolnshire, -there were between 400 and 500 mills in the county.</p> -<p><a name="footnote137"></a><a href="#citation137" -class="footnote">[137]</a> We have an instance of a similar -formation in the name of Kingerby, near Market Rasen; which in a -Chancery Inquisition, post mort., V.O., Ric. III. and Henry VII., -No. 116a, is given as Kyngardby.</p> -<p><a name="footnote138"></a><a href="#citation138" -class="footnote">[138]</a> In Morris’s Directory, of -1863, the total is given as only 730 acres.</p> -<p><a name="footnote139"></a><a href="#citation139" -class="footnote">[139]</a> Privately translated and printed -for the late Right Honble. E. Stanhope, M.P., of Revesby.</p> -<p><a name="footnote140"></a><a href="#citation140" -class="footnote">[140]</a> A selion is a ridge of land -between two furrows.</p> -<p><a name="footnote142a"></a><a href="#citation142a" -class="footnote">[142a]</a> This double-arched doorway has -been pronounced by some to be Saxon (“Linc. N. & -Q.” 1896, p. 4), but about 1090 there was a revival of -Saxon ornament, which was continued for some time into the Norman -period (“Linc. N & Q.” 1895, p. 225, note.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote142b"></a><a href="#citation142b" -class="footnote">[142b]</a> These details are taken from -the description given by the late Precentor Venables, on the -visit of the Architectural Society, in 1894.</p> -<p><a name="footnote145a"></a><a href="#citation145a" -class="footnote">[145a]</a> The Fitzwilliams were a wealthy -family, having large possessions in this county and elsewhere, -and, at a later period, were created earls of Southampton.</p> -<p><a name="footnote145b"></a><a href="#citation145b" -class="footnote">[145b]</a> The Crevecœurs would seem -to have derived their name from Creveceur, a town with the title -of Marquis, in the province of Masseran, in Italy (“General -Hist. of World,” by Dan Browne, 1721, p. 160.) There -was, however, another old town of this name in Holland, -remarkable for its strong fortress, which, from its -impregnability, was named Creveceur, or heart-break (Ibidem, p. -122). The arms of this family were “or, a cross, -voided, gules” (“Magna Charta,” p. 100.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote147"></a><a href="#citation147" -class="footnote">[147]</a> These various records are taken -from “Lincolnshire Wills,” &c., by Canon -Maddison.</p> -<p><a name="footnote148"></a><a href="#citation148" -class="footnote">[148]</a> In Bag Enderby church there is a -mural monument to Andrew and Dorothy Gedney, and their two sons -and two daughters kneeling by prayer desks.</p> -<p><a name="footnote156a"></a><a href="#citation156a" -class="footnote">[156a]</a> Ralph Lord Treasurer Cromwell -had also property in this parish at a later period.</p> -<p><a name="footnote156b"></a><a href="#citation156b" -class="footnote">[156b]</a> A former church was built by -the Lord Treasurer, who died in 1455; in the nave of which was -the inscription, “Orate pro anima Radulph Crumwell qui -incepit hoc opus, Anno Domini 1450.” (Harl. MSS. No. -6829, p. 174).</p> -<p><a name="footnote157a"></a><a href="#citation157a" -class="footnote">[157a]</a> In the “Gentleman’s -Magazine” for 1789, p. 636, is an account of a beacon hill -in this parish.</p> -<p><a name="footnote157b"></a><a href="#citation157b" -class="footnote">[157b]</a> The objection to this is that -“reeve” is a Saxon word, and the termination -“by” is Danish. The word appears in our modern -“sheriff,” or shire-reeve, “port-reeve,” -&c.</p> -<p><a name="footnote158a"></a><a href="#citation158a" -class="footnote">[158a]</a> Jusseraud’s “Life -of the 14th Century,” p. 38.</p> -<p><a name="footnote158b"></a><a href="#citation158b" -class="footnote">[158b]</a> Harleyan MSS. 4127.</p> -<p><a name="footnote158c"></a><a href="#citation158c" -class="footnote">[158c]</a> Ibid, add. MSS., 6118, -330<i>b</i>.</p> -<p><a name="footnote158d"></a><a href="#citation158d" -class="footnote">[158d]</a> The original charter of the -foundation is lost, but a copy is given in Dugdale’s -“Monasticon,” vol. v. p. 454. The wife of this -William de Romara was Hawise, daughter of Richard de Redvers, -Lord of Tiverton, Co. Devon, and of Christchurch, Hants., and -sister to Baldwin, 1st Earl of Devon. By the title of -Comitissa Hawysia de Romara, she gave the church of Feltham, in -Middlesex, to the hospital of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, near -London. She joined in the foundation of Revesby -Abbey. (“Topogr. and Genealogist,” vol. i., p. -24).</p> -<p><a name="footnote158e"></a><a href="#citation158e" -class="footnote">[158e]</a> Dugdale’s -“Baronage,” vol. i. p. 6.</p> -<p><a name="footnote159"></a><a href="#citation159" -class="footnote">[159]</a> Gelt was a tax of 2<i>s.</i> on -each carucate, or 120 acres.</p> -<p><a name="footnote160"></a><a href="#citation160" -class="footnote">[160]</a> It is customary to speak of -Revesby Abbey as the monastery of St. Laurence, but it would also -appear at an early period to have been dedicated to the Virgin -Mother as well; for, while the inscription on the tomb of the -founder, as given above, mentions only St. Laurence, Dugdale in -his “Monasticon” (p. 531), calls it “the -Monastery of our blessed Lady the Virgin, and St. -Lawrans.” Further, one impression of the Abbey seal -is preserved in the office of the Duchy of Lancaster, and another -at the British Museum; and they are inscribed “Sigillum -Abbatis d’ St. Laurentio”; but there is also in the -British Museum, a seal of “Henry, Abbot of St. -Mary’s;” and another of “the Abbey and Convent -of St. Mary,” is among the Harleian Charters (44, z 2), and -both the latter have, as part of their device, the Virgin, -crowned, holding the Infant Christ in her arms.</p> -<p><a name="footnote161"></a><a href="#citation161" -class="footnote">[161]</a> It is curious to find a Doctor -among the slaves, he may have been a foster-brother to one of -better birth. Barcaria, in Monkish Latin meant a tanning -house (from “bark,”) or a sheep-fold, Norman French, -“Bergerie,” and Barkarius may have been a tanner or -shepherd.</p> -<p><a name="footnote164"></a><a href="#citation164" -class="footnote">[164]</a> I am indebted for these details -to the accounts printed by the late E. Stanhope, for private -circulation, and the Revesby deeds and charters, which he -recovered, and also printed.</p> -<p><a name="footnote166"></a><a href="#citation166" -class="footnote">[166]</a> Saunders in his “History -of Lincolnshire,” 1836, gives the patron of Revesby as -Revd. C. N. L’oste. This, however, is an error, that -gentleman being chaplain in 1831, and there then being no -residence he resided at Horncastle, as many other country -incumbents did at that time. The L’ostes held various -preferments in this neighbourhood for more than one -generation. In 1706, before the Banks family owned Revesby, -the Revd. C. L’oste held the Rectory of -Langton-by-Horncastle. He was a man of some attainments, -and published a poetical translation of Grotius on the Christian -Religion, which the writer of these notes possesses. -Another L’oste, at that date resided in Louth; and, within -living memory, another of the name resided in Horncastle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote178"></a><a href="#citation178" -class="footnote">[178]</a> The Pelhams of old were a -martial family. At the battle of Poitiers, the King of -France surrendered to John de Pelham, and this badge was adopted -by him as representing the sword-belt buckle of the defeated -monarch, and became conspicuous on their residences, or in the -churches which they endowed.</p> -<p><a name="footnote181"></a><a href="#citation181" -class="footnote">[181]</a> For an interesting life of Mr. -Hanserd Knollys, see Crosby’s “History of English -Baptists,” vol. i, p. 334, &c.</p> -<p><a name="footnote182"></a><a href="#citation182" -class="footnote">[182]</a> Odo was the son of Herluin de -Contaville and Arlette, coucubine of Robert, Duke of Normandy, so -that Odo and the Conqueror were sons of the same mother. -The Earl of Moretaine, and Adeliza, Countess d’ Aumaile, -were his brother and sister.</p> -<p><a name="footnote184"></a><a href="#citation184" -class="footnote">[184]</a> It has been suggested that this -represented Belshazzar’s Feast (“Architect. S. -Journal,” 1858, p. lxxiii), but this would hardly be in -keeping with the other subjects.</p> -<p><a name="footnote185"></a><a href="#citation185" -class="footnote">[185]</a> The next ford on the Witham, -southward, was Kirkstead wharf, or more properly -“wath,” which is still the local pronunciation; -“wath,” meaning “ford,” corresponding to -the Latin “vadum,” and related to our word to -“wade,” or “ford,” a stream, -&c. There is a village called Wath in Yorkshire, which -is near a ford or causeway over a Marsh. (“Archit. -Journ.” xiii, p. 75).</p> -<p><a name="footnote186a"></a><a href="#citation186a" -class="footnote">[186a]</a> Mr. T. W. Shore, in an -interesting article on “The Roads and Fords of -Hampshire.” (“Archæolog. Review,” -vol. iii., pp. 89–98), says that all the -“Stokes” (a common local name), are connected with -“wades,” or fords on streams, probably because they -were stockaded. Stockholm, means a staked, or stockaded -island. In South America there is a plain called Llano -Estacedo, because the tracks across it are marked by -stakes. (“Greater Britain,” Sir C. Dilke, p. -75.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote186b"></a><a href="#citation186b" -class="footnote">[186b]</a> This was the case with a -manorial wood, formerly on the property of the Bishops of -Winchester, at Havant, in Hants. (“Archæol. -Review,” iii., p. 94), one of the conditions of tenure -being, that it should furnish stakes for a -“wade-way,” from the main land to Hayling Island, -fordable by carts at low water, and stockaded on both sides.</p> -<p><a name="footnote186c"></a><a href="#citation186c" -class="footnote">[186c]</a> In connection with this, it is -not a little interesting to note that, according to the Hundred -Rolls (pp. 317 and 397), quoted Oliver’s “Religious -Houses,” (p. 72, note 25), the prioress of Stixwould was -accused in the reign of Ed. I., of obstructing the passage of -ships on the Witham, “by turfs and faggots” -(“turbis et fagotis”); this would probably be by -making the ford shallower by sods, and narrower by bundles of -stakes or sticks.</p> -<p><a name="footnote186d"></a><a href="#citation186d" -class="footnote">[186d]</a> Streatfeild -(“Lincolnshire and the Danes,” pp. 147–8,) says -“the swampy locality would favour the idea of the -stakes,” as originating the name.</p> -<p><a name="footnote186e"></a><a href="#citation186e" -class="footnote">[186e]</a> Called by Ingulphus -“Patria Girviorum.” (“Hist. Rerum. -Anglic.” Vol. i., p. 5, <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> -716).</p> -<p><a name="footnote187"></a><a href="#citation187" -class="footnote">[187]</a> The name Siward may not have -been confined to one person; but the old chronicler, Ordericus -Vitalis (<span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1142), tells the -following, of the great Earl Waltheof, son of Siward, that he was -beheaded (probably being too powerful a Saxon subject to suit the -Conqueror), on May 31, 1076, at Winchester, and buried on the -spot of his execution. The monks of Croyland, however, -begged that his body might be removed to their Abbey; and this -was granted and carried out a fortnight after his death. He -was then buried in the Chapter House. Sixteen years -afterwards, the abbot, Ingulphus, decided to remove the treasured -remains from the Chapter House to the Church, and ordered the -bones to be first washed with warm water. When the coffin -lid was removed, the body was not only found to be as fresh as at -the first burial, but the head had become re-united to the body, -only a red streak showing the place of severance. The body -was re-interred near the high altar with great ceremony, and it -is added (and no wonder, after this one miracle) that -“miracles were often performed” at the tomb. -(“Fenland N. & Q.” 1892, pp. 37–8).</p> -<p><a name="footnote188"></a><a href="#citation188" -class="footnote">[188]</a> Although nothing is said, so far -as we know, of Ivo leaving any progeny, the name of Taillebois -survived for some centuries, being represented by men of wealth, -large property, and good connections in the county. Their -chief seat was South Kyme, where the head of this house succeeded -Gilbert de Umfravill, Earl of Angus, and where his descendants -were, in turn, succeeded by the Dymokes. In the 15th -century their fortunes declined, and by a Close Roll of Henry -VII. (9 May, 1494), it is shewn that William Taillebois, then of -Baumber, had got into the hands of a London money-lender, and -that his estates were handed over to Sir Robert Dymoke, and other -creditors, who made him an allowance of £20 a year.</p> -<p><a name="footnote189a"></a><a href="#citation189a" -class="footnote">[189a]</a> Judging by the dates, they -could hardly have been one and the same lady. This question -is fully examined by J. G. Nichols, F.S.A., in “Proceedings -of the Archæological Institute,” 1848, who decides in -favour of two distinct persons, the latter being mother of -William de Romara (temp. Stephen), afterwards Earl of -Lincoln.</p> -<p><a name="footnote189b"></a><a href="#citation189b" -class="footnote">[189b]</a> From the title, d’ -Alencon, it is probable that the name, once not uncommon in this -neighbourhood, of Dalyson arose.</p> -<p><a name="footnote194"></a><a href="#citation194" -class="footnote">[194]</a> Dugdale -(“Monasticon,” v., p. 725), says Sir Geoffrey de -Ezmondeys gave to Stixwold Priory certain lands at Honington, -then called Huntingdon. These lands still belonged to the -Priory, temp. Henry VIII. The name is spelt Ermondeys in a -second Deed in Dugdale; it is Ermondys in the Hundred Rolls (i. -393). In “Testa de Nevill,” (p. 323) it -<i>is</i> abbreviated as “Armets”; while in p. 342 of -the same Henry de Armenters is given as owner of the same -lands.</p> -<p><a name="footnote196a"></a><a href="#citation196a" -class="footnote">[196a]</a> Not many years ago there was -preserved in the church of the not distant parish of Scopwick, a -richly-embroidered satin pulpit cloth, probably a specimen of -such work; but the Vicar, unfortunately, converted it into window -curtains, and it has been lost. (Oliver, p. 72, n. 23.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote196b"></a><a href="#citation196b" -class="footnote">[196b]</a> The Harleian MS., in the -British Museum, shows buxom dames shooting stags and boars with -the bow, mounted astride on horseback. Italian and Dutch -artists shew the same. Lady Superiors were wont thus to -relieve the montony of conventual life. It is related of -Queen Elizabeth, that when 60 years old, she shot four deer -before breakfast. “Standard,” -‘leader,’ Oct. 12th, 1898.</p> -<p><a name="footnote197"></a><a href="#citation197" -class="footnote">[197]</a> There may be seen in Horncastle, -at the house of Mr. Soulby Hunter, of Horncastle, a very -beautifully-carved boss of stone, which was once in the roof of -the Priory chapel, or church; it is circular, more than 2ft. in -diameter, and 6 portions of arches branch off from it. Its -size indicates that the fabric must have been on a large scale -and lofty. There is also at the same house a finely-carved -figure of a crouching lion, which may have formed part of a -frieze, or cornice of the same building.</p> -<p><a name="footnote198"></a><a href="#citation198" -class="footnote">[198]</a> This stone consists of a square -block, the carved device being a cross within a circle, on the -four arms of which are letters, which, taking a central E as -common to all, form the words “Lex Dei Est Vera,” -‘the law of God is true.’ The stone was taken -to Lincoln, and placed in the west gable of a house built by the -late Mr. E. J. Willson. (“Linc. N. & Q.” -vol. i., p. 124). It was engraved in -“Archæological Journal,” vol. ix., p. 97.</p> -<p><a name="footnote199"></a><a href="#citation199" -class="footnote">[199]</a> This Boulton was, for his crime, -hanged at Lincoln; but his body brought to be buried in the old -church. When the present church was built, his body was -removed, with others, and re-interred in the churchyard. -His remains are, locally, said to have differed from all the -others, in that there were still large lumps of fat about the -skeleton. This may probably be accounted for by the fact -that he died in the full vigour of life. Some of the -Boultons formerly resided at Hall-garth, Thimbleby; others lived -at Sturton-by-Stow, and left moneys for the poor of that -parish.</p> -<p><a name="footnote202"></a><a href="#citation202" -class="footnote">[202]</a> Thomas Welby, in his will, -proved 18th August, 1524, desired “to be buried in the -church of Stixwould, before the image of our Lady.” -The Welbys are now one of the leading county families, yet we -find this very name of “Thomas Welby of Moulton,” -mentioned in the “Myntling MS.” of Spalding Priory, -as among the bondmen of that monastery. 25 Edward III., -(1352). Thomas Grantham, living at Newstead farm, -Stixwould, 40 years ago, probably of the above Grantham family, -was a great hunting man. His brother, Redding Grantham, is -buried at Woodhall Spa.</p> -<p><a name="footnote203"></a><a href="#citation203" -class="footnote">[203]</a> For many of these particulars I -am indebted to the account of Halstead Hall, by the Rev. J. A. -Penny, given in “Linc. N. & Q.,” vol. iii., pp. -33–37.</p> -<p><a name="footnote204"></a><a href="#citation204" -class="footnote">[204]</a> The bricks of this structure -resemble those of Tattershall Castle (built about 1440), and of -the Tower-on-the-Moor; they were formerly supposed to be Dutch -bricks, brought by boat up the Witham; but geologists tells us -that they are made of the local clay.</p> -<p><a name="footnote206a"></a><a href="#citation206a" -class="footnote">[206a]</a> A cast was taken of Tiger -Tom’s head, after the execution, and a mould from it now -forms an ornament over the door of a house, No. 31, Boston Road, -Horncastle, which formerly belonged to Mr. William Boulton. -He witnessed the execution, and procured the cast at the -time.</p> -<p><a name="footnote206b"></a><a href="#citation206b" -class="footnote">[206b]</a> One of the gang was hanged on -March 27, 1829; the two above-named on March 19, the next year, -1830; a fourth was captured two years later, but escaped hanging, -as it was pleaded on his behalf, that he had prevented Timothy -Brammar, a reckless fellow, from shooting Mr. Elsey, or -ill-treating the maids. He, however, had formerly been a -servant at the house, knew the premises well, and was said to -have planned the whole proceedings; he was transported. -There were said to be ten men in the gang, all -“bankers,” <i>i.e.</i>, “navvies.” -Mr. T. Mitchell, parish clerk of Woodhall, informs me that two of -the men confined in the stables were named Henry Oldfield and -George Croft; names frequently appearing in the parish registers -and still common in the neighbourhood. George Croft died at -Langton, January 18, 1878. Henry Oldfield’s daughter, -still living (1904), says that she remembers her mother stating -that she saw six of the men hanged, at one time or another, and -heard the trial of the last two, when the judge remarked -“What, the case from Halstead Hall; shall we ever have done -with it?” Most of these particulars are given in -“Records of Woodhall Spa” (1899), and for them I am -indebted to Mr. and Mrs. Longstaff, now residing at Halstead -Hall.</p> -<p><a name="footnote209"></a><a href="#citation209" -class="footnote">[209]</a> The parish register has the -entry “Alison y<sup>e</sup> wife of Rob. Diton was buried -y<sup>e</sup> 14 Jan<sup>y</sup>., 1688,” and as none of -the name are mentioned again, they probably became extinct with -this Robert.</p> -<p><a name="footnote210"></a><a href="#citation210" -class="footnote">[210]</a> It has been doubted, of late, -whether there ever was a tower; but it is referred to by Mr. -Jeans, in Murray’s “Handbook for Lincolnshire,” -also in several old Directories, and the Parish Terrier, dated -June 27, 1724, mentions among the church possessions “Three -bells and a ting-tang.” The existence of this tower -is further confirmed by the fact that in the churchyard is the -tombstone of a Mr. Wattam (a name still surviving in the parish), -the churchwarden who caused the tower to be taken down. He -was afterwards killed by lightning, and the villagers regarded -this as a “judgment” upon him for removing the tower -and bells.</p> -<p><a name="footnote219a"></a><a href="#citation219a" -class="footnote">[219a]</a> See my volume “Records of -Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood,” pp. 140–2, where -this particular case of Fulstow is also mentioned.</p> -<p><a name="footnote219b"></a><a href="#citation219b" -class="footnote">[219b]</a> In connection with Joyce -Dighton, widow of Robert Dighton, of Stourton, there is a record -that she left her two sons, Robert and William, her leases in -Waddingworth, and in Maidenwell, Louth. This indicates a -connection. The Waddingworth property had belonged to Tupholme -Abbey. Maidenwell, also, was a sacred place, where is still -a well, in the cellar of the manor house, which I have seen, -dedicated to the “Maiden,” <i>i.e.</i>, Virgin.</p> -<p><a name="footnote220a"></a><a href="#citation220a" -class="footnote">[220a]</a> I quote from the list made out -by the Rev. C. W. Foster (“Architectural Society’s -Journal,” vol. xxiv., p. 12).</p> -<p><a name="footnote220b"></a><a href="#citation220b" -class="footnote">[220b]</a> This Mr. Rutland Snowden, -gent., gave to the poor of Horncastle one house, of the yearly -value of 26s., but, being decayed, this is now reduced to 13s., -paid in bread, sixpence every other Sunday. The house -belongs now to Mr. Willm. Dawson. (Weir’s -“Hist. of Horncastle,” p. 33, ed. 1820.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote221"></a><a href="#citation221" -class="footnote">[221]</a> Thomas Loddington, LL.D., was -Vicar of Horncastle at the beginning of the 18th century. -His name is on one of the church bells, cast in 1717.</p> -<p><a name="footnote227"></a><a href="#citation227" -class="footnote">[227]</a> St. Margaret was tortured and -beheaded by Polybius, Roman president of the East (who wished to -marry her), because she refused to abjure her faith in the -Saviour. She died <span class="GutSmall">A.D.</span>, -278. Her holy day, July 20, is very ancient, not only in -the Roman Church, but also in the Greek Church, which celebrates -her memory, under the name of Marina.</p> -<p><a name="footnote228"></a><a href="#citation228" -class="footnote">[228]</a> The writer of this notice has a -copy of this quaint production. It is entitled, -“God’s Arke, overtopping the world’s waves, or -The Third Part of the Parliamentary Chronicle, collected and -published, for God’s high Honour, and the great -encouragement of all that are zealous for God, and lovers of -their Country. By the most unworthy admirer of them, John -Vickers, London. Printed by M. Simons & F. -Macock. 3rd edition, 1646.” The 1st edition was -probably issued soon after the battle.</p> -<p><a name="footnote230a"></a><a href="#citation230a" -class="footnote">[230a]</a> Of these Colonel Shelley was -taken in the water. Sir George Bolle, a member of a very -old Lincolnshire family, was killed with Sir Ingram Hopton, and -Major Askew, of another old Lincolnshire family was taken -prisoner. (“Winceby Fight,” a Legend, by Alan -Cheales, M.A.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote230b"></a><a href="#citation230b" -class="footnote">[230b]</a> The writer once found on -Langton Hill, within a quarter of a mile of Horncastle, the -rowell of a spur with very long spikes, which was probably lost -by a fugitive Cavalier after the fight. He has also a pair -of spurs which were ploughed up on the battle field; and he has -also a pistol of peculiar construction, found in a ditch near -Woodhall Spa, which had probably been lost by a fleeing -trooper.</p> -<p><a name="footnote231"></a><a href="#citation231" -class="footnote">[231]</a> There are more than 2000 -place-names in England which contain this element: from the -county names of Nott-ing-hamshire and Buck-ing-hamshire, to -Wolsingham, to the North, in Durham; and Hastings on the South -coast of Sussex.</p> -<p><a name="footnote233"></a><a href="#citation233" -class="footnote">[233]</a> The Beks, who have been -mentioned before in this volume, became a powerful and wealthy -family. They attained to the honour of Knighthood, and -Barony, married into families of good position, acquired the -Constableship of Lincoln Castle, and were especially strong in -Bishops; four members of the family being raised to the -episcopate, one as Bishop of Lincoln, then the largest See in the -Kingdom, another as Bishop of Durham. Of this last it is -related that he was so enormously wealthy that his ordinary -retinue consisted of 140 knights. Hearing that a piece of -cloth was said to be “too costly for even the Bishop of -Durham,” he at once bought it, and had it cut up into horse -cloths. While he was staying in Rome, a Cardinal greatly -admired his horses. He thereupon sent two of the best with -his compliments, begging the Cardinal to take which he -preferred. The cardinal <i>took both</i>; whereat the -Bishop drily remarked, “He <i>has</i> chosen the -best.”</p> -<p><a name="footnote234"></a><a href="#citation234" -class="footnote">[234]</a> That a connection of Beks and -Willoughbys with Kirkstead Abbey existed before this, is shewn by -the following documents. Walter Bek, first Baron of -Willoughby, by will, dated July 20, 1301, directed that his body -should “be buried at Kirkstede, whereunto he gives his best -horse (price 40 marks), his mail-coat, gauntlets, targe and -lance,” and other accoutrements, Sir Willm. Willoughby -being his executor. An old Charter exists (Harleian MS., -45. h. 14), by which “John Bek, Lord of Eresby, makes known -to all sons of Holy Mother Church,” that he grants and -confirms “to God and the Church of the blessed Mary of -Kyrkested, and to the Monks there serving God, in pure and -perpetual alms, all the gifts and confirmations, which (his) -ancestors made to them”; one of the witnesses to this being -“Dominus William de Wylcheby.”</p> -<p><a name="footnote235"></a><a href="#citation235" -class="footnote">[235]</a> By a curious coincidence, we -find 120 years later, another William Hardigray, doubtless a -descendant of this, occupying the post of master, with sundry -“fellows” under him, of the Chantry of the Holy -Trinity, at Spilsby; and to him, and his Institution, Sir William -Willoughby, in 1406, granted certain lands in Scremby and -elsewhere, to augment the endowment; a further bequest being made -by Robert, Lord Willoughby, in 1452. (“History of -Spilsby,” p. 46, by H. Cotton Smith.)</p> -<p><a name="footnote236"></a><a href="#citation236" -class="footnote">[236]</a> The Glovers would seem to have -been of some antiquity in the neighbourhood. In an -Inquisition, taken at Sleaford, <span -class="GutSmall">A.D.</span> 1506, as to the estate of Mawncer -Marmeon, among the jurors is William Glover, of Panton. -(Architect. Soc. Journal, vol. xxiii., pt. i., pp. 55 and -69). While, in another Inquisition taken at Spalding in the -same year, among the jurors is Robert Glover (Ibidem); and in -another Inquisition taken at Falkingham, 3 years later, we find -Thomas Phillips of Stamford, and John Obys, clerk, seized of the -manor of Casewick (Ibidem, p. 80).</p> -<p><a name="footnote237"></a><a href="#citation237" -class="footnote">[237]</a> The bricks of the former -residence itself are said to have been used in repairing Baumber -Church many years ago.</p> -<p><a name="footnote238a"></a><a href="#citation238a" -class="footnote">[238a]</a> Some anecdotes are told of this -worthy. A friend, who, in his early years, received some -tuition from him, relates that he once took him to the top of the -church tower, and waving his arms around, exclaimed “All -this should be mine, every inch of it.” He planted an -apple tree, when each of his numerous progeny was born; two or -three of which still bear fruit in the vicarage orchard. He -is said to have been a skilful boxer, and to have thrashed a big -bully at Thimbleby. Being accused by a clerical superior, -of frequenting public houses, and drinking too much, he replied, -“I am not the only man who has been accused of being a -gluttonous man and a wine-bibber, a friend of publicans and -sinners.” He was evidently well able to hold his own -with tongue as well as fist, although the valuable patrimony -slipt through his fingers.</p> -<p><a name="footnote238b"></a><a href="#citation238b" -class="footnote">[238b]</a> He was intimate with Prout, De -Wint, Cattermole, and other artists of his day, his own paintings -in sepia being well-known and highly valued. The writer of -these Records possesses several of them, and among them, the gift -of Mr. Terrot, a painting of Stonehenge, the original of which -was presented by the artist to King Edward, on his visit to -Stonehenge, as Prince of Wales.</p> -<p><a name="footnote238c"></a><a href="#citation238c" -class="footnote">[238c]</a> These capitals are still -preserved in the vestry.</p> -<p><a name="footnote240"></a><a href="#citation240" -class="footnote">[240]</a> The triple cross is said to be -the sign of a Royal Arch-Mason, and in Mr. Terrot’s own -window are signs of the four Masonic crafts.</p> -<p><a name="footnote241"></a><a href="#citation241" -class="footnote">[241]</a> The Hannaths had one other -child, a girl, who married and is still living at -Blackpool. Of the 18 buried here, one a girl, Ann, having -been accidentally burnt, was a dwarf not only in body, but also -in intellect. At 23 years of age she was only 26 inches -high, and an idiot. She was buried July 9, 1844 (note in -register). It is stated that her common way of showing that -she wanted food, was to lick with her tongue the -fire-grate. It is locally said that at the birth of each of -the 18 children, a mysterious pigeon appeared, and, in -consequence, the child died at once, or within a day or two of -its appearance.</p> -<p><a name="footnote243"></a><a href="#citation243" -class="footnote">[243]</a> In the ancient house in Boston -called “Shodfriars’ Hall,” there was -established in 1619, a school where 20 boys and 20 girls were -taught to “spin Jersey, or worsted.” It was -called the “Jersey School,” till 1790. -(Thomson’s “Boston,” p. 191.)</p> -<pre> - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RECORDS, HISTORICAL AND ANTIQUARIAN, -OF PARISHES ROUND HORNCASTLE*** - - -***** This file should be named 62502-h.htm or 62502-h.zip****** - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/2/5/0/62502 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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